The Express. — London, England, 1851-11-05 00:00:00

Wit erfortoo. TO CORTIMPONDENTS. • ',cool 112.11.0 e The tam.' OSIMMILMIT •he roe eesaloirs GUNK" tt , p Nabbed cm) Thaliey sag Aids, bight. la Uwe be Inez• ache, ebrete.atenthed or “ The Ilaprem"Loodee 'Wain ppm, meg be et tbe dice, IS. llosebriFetnet. Ity Toe o'clock es the dal et pelliembas. NIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Ter. thit—liorntag.l3l3. M. tfterassa.l2ll. M. Tammany. —lloralas.l2n. no. Aromas. lA. 41m. LONDON, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 3. WERE one to form a judgment of the state of things and series of events likely to exist and to occur in the next few years, and to form this judgment from the examples of the past, one should say that these years were likely to be peaceable. Revolution, , i after having flamed up nto a conflagration, generally sinks and slumbers for a long time, and such a um venal <snservstive timidity succeeds in the better classes to every revolutionary catastrophe, that des potism seems to have secured a new and almost a per manent lease of lordship over humanity. But we can no longer reason of the present from the past. For the times we have reached are most essentially unlike any times developed in the progress of mankind. The marked feature of European his tory hitherto, has been the comparative isolation of all countries to each, except when royal or statesmanly caprice brought them into rivalry and collision. Holland worked its liberation, England effected its revolution. France, Spain, Italy, Germany, have all set about the inevitable task of political regeneration at different epochs, and in utter alienation from, and oblivion of, each other. Oa ing. however, not so much to any moral or in tellectual development of man's nature., as to the great physical discoveries that have brought nations more closely together, and almost forced them into the same community of feelings and of ideas, no great event can take place in soy part of Europe, without being in stantly known, felt, and responded too in another. Years ago Hungary defended itself against the despotism of Austria, and Englishmen knew nothing of the struggle. If a Ova was slain with the sword or with a glue of poisoned brandy, the news circulated as a mere piece of scandal amongst courtiers. Nei ther the interests of policy, nor of society, of religion, or of trade, were affected by such events. But we have now reached an epoch when nothing can take place : however remote, that can be unknown or indifferent to 114. In past times people as well as courts were divided by international antipathies; and the fact of the people of one country demanding, or even standing in arms for their rights, begot little more than a them,- trice' or visionary interest. Rut in 1852, furtunately or unfortunately, the cause of one people is the cause of all; and the cause of one Europcsa king is now that of all, fur all have alike broken with their people, and abandoned the principles and promises of constitutional liberty. In this state of things, it seas but too inevitable, while all the despots have entered into a formal league of mutual sup port, that the people of different countries should have, from instinct, ni n e than policy or organisation, entered into a similar league--a merely tacit one cer tainly, not drawn up in set articles, but conceived in brotherhood and embraced with a religious zeal, which has already the strength of fanaticism. Although the people of this country has no cause of its own to make it embrace this fraternity, still it cannot smother its sympathies ; and when such a genius as Kos , ' `ncomes amongst as, the millions of Englishmen pour forth to meet, to welcome, and to help him. And more than this, thousands of those who hold aloof with the shyness and caution of the rare, join fully in the admiration which they may think dangerous or ungenteel to express. And we must own that we arc not surprised to find the reflecting politician alarmed by this great movement of all European populations. We tire not surprised to find a I'ALMEHNTON and a GLAD STONE uniting to &Traylor those flagrant abuses of tyrannic power, which in Germany and in !tale increase the odium and the obloquy whi . ch now falls upon monarchy itself, since monarchy has made itself so universally sy nonymous with despotism. It is certainly an awful pe actacle to see all the people of Europe, for the first time in history, drawn up in array against all the kings. This, and nothing else, is the state of Europe—n state that we profoundly regret, but a state which it is the fault of kings and governments, and of kings and governments only, to have pro dwell, and w hWh consequently can never be anieinksl by blindly and unjustly supporting the preiensions of stupid governments to re-establish the old and effete r'gintrx of eourtierdom, suldierdom, and police 'loin over millions who have become alive to their suf ferings, to their rights, to their numbers, and their power. The mission of KORSI Tit to this country and to America is to inforni the public of bosh countries, and to preach to them, that this is the state of Europe, to show that the victo rious despots have made no use of their tri umphs to conciliate their people, to secure them one single tittle of their liberties, or restore them one atom of their rights. The people, thus wronged and oppressed, are, Kosserii declares, in all Europe ready for rising—in Germany, in Hungary, and in Italy. They want but a favourable opportu nity; the etruggle must soon re-commence. And, when it does commence, it must burst forth universally from the points of suffering Europe together. When that time comes —when that state of things arises, which it is certainly not our purl or our policy to provoke, still England cannot remain a total stranger to a great European struggle. Were England to do so, its selfish indif , ferenee would merely mark it out as a common enemy to mankind. England will have opportunities of throwing her weight into such a struggle, not by drawing the swonl. but by the exertion of diplomacy, by counsel, by arbitrage, and by an attitude, taken in concert with other constitutional countries, for bidding the despotic governments of Europe to dic tate to other independent countries, or force into despotism upon nations that have for ages been con stitutional and free. It is of tirst-rate importance that England should be prepared at the fitting opportunity to adopt the noble and the liberal cause, that the English govern ment should be willing to take this course, and that public opinion should be alive to support it, whatever be the govenenent of the day, in such a course. This has nothing to do with going to war, hut, on the contrary, forms the requisite and indispensable swans to be employed in order to avoid war. For if military despotism become uncontrolled and Ermanent master of central as well as eastern urope, and not only of the central region of the continent, but of those portions which adjoin the Me diterranean and the Baltic, and comprise the chief emporia of our trade, then indeed we should very probably be forced into a war for our material, as well as for our moral interests. Political and com mercial freedom go together ; wo are really as much iutemsted in the one as in the other. Ana we could prove, that our own landed interest is as much in terested as our commercial and manufacturing classes, in the emancipation of the cart of Europe front serfdom and absolutism, and in the extension of commercial wealth, constitutional freedom, and pops. lar progress front the banks of the Rhine to those of the Volga and the Vistula. ntscovEßY or A Mt - RDEII.—A case of child mur der was accidently brought to light at Sheffield on Satur day last. A gamekeeper in the service of W. F. Dixon, Esti., was ranging shout in the old Park wood, when his attention was drawn to what appeared to be • bundle of clothing, seerewel untkr the spreading branches of a large hazel bush. Prompted by • feeling of curiosity, the man wa+ tempted to make an examination into the contents of the mysterious bundle, when he discovered that it cm tained the dead body of an infant, in an advanced stop of decomposition. The keeper immediately pve information to the police, by whom the body was conveyed from its biding-place to the Sheffield workhouse. It there under went s more minute examination by • medical man, the result of which cstab!ished beyond all doubt the fact, that the death of the child had been caused by strangulation. ISCIMSE IN TIM QUARRYING or MINEHALb.— There arc probably few branches of iudn.try increasing in a greater ratio than that of quarrying minerals in this coun try. It appears Put the profits arising from quarrits in England in 181041,, amounted to 29,1:i01.; and in 1812-3, as determined by the use nents under '.he Preperty and Income-tea Acts, the profits amounted to 207,0091.. being an increase of seven times. This is a fa- Greater increase than that which has taken place in the same period either in minis! property or iron works—the increase in the former bung only four times, and in tits latter something ander twice.—TAs Brildrr, FRANC THE PRESIRENT'S M 1 BA PARIS, TCYADAT Eovrugo. The President's mes age, which was presented to the Assembly to-day, occupied an hour ands half in reading. It entered into tit tail on the various branches of the administration, and showed how much pro- 1 gress had been made since that period. It announced ' the firm determination on the part of the Presi dent to combat, by all means in his power, the vast conspiracy in progress of organisation in France and throughout Europe. The state of siege pro claimed lately in the departments of the Cher and Nierrc had checked the commence ment of a new ,joequerie. The President then re commends to the Assembly to relieve the suffer ings of the old remnants of the armies of the Republic and Empire, and proceeds to lay before the Assembly a statement of all that had been done by the government since his last message. The finances were in as favourable a condition as circum stances permitted, and the deficit would not exceed the provisions of the budget. A project of law for the termination of the Palace of the Louvre, would shortly be submitted to the Assembly. The message then pays a high compliment to the liberality of Prince Albert and of the English people, who had given so cordial and hospitable a reception to the French visitors and manufacturers. In Rome, the domestic situation was of late greatly improved, and the Pope would soon have a suffi ciently respectable army for his protection. Eng land and Franco had offered the co-operation of their naval forces to Spain for the de fence of Cuba. The message subsequently re fers to the abrogation of the Electoral Law of the 31st Mali, 14,50, which the President had already regarded as a temporary measure, and of which he had always considered it his duty to demand. That law had reduced the electors from 10,000,000 to 7,000,040. It was, at the moment it was voted, a law of public safety, and the Assembly had been perfectly justified in enacting it; but it had pradeced effects contrary to those anticipated at its promulgation, and its repeal would deprive the anarchists of th eir only drapeun and their last argument. The President then disclaimed all con sideration of personal interest, declaring that the welfare of the country was his sole object ; that he regretted the necessity under which he had been to separate from a ministry which enjoyed his confi dence and esteem ; but that ho believed the re-esta blishment of universal suffrage on its broadest basis was the sole means of arriving at the revvlsion of the constitution and at the legal and peaceable solution of future difficulties, and it was for that reason he submitted its repeal to the wisdom of the Assembly. 'I he attendance of representatives was nume:nux, and the Assembly offered an animated aspect, f.mn the number of groups dispersed through the halt. Among the most distinguished members present were—Generals Baraguay Bedcau, Lamo riciere, C'hangarnier, and Cavaignac ; Messrs. Baruche, Fould, Berryer, Mole, Tocqueville, Du faurr, Dant, Montalembert, Piscatory, Thiers, Dvergier d'llaumnne, Abatucci, I'crsigny, De Fa'- loux, De Broglie, Grevy, Drouyn de Lhuys, Leon Faucher, dc. M. unpin took the chair at half-past 2 o'cloe.:. and shortly afterwards M. de Thorigny and the other Ministers entered the hall, and were conducted to their bench. M. Chapot, one of the secretaries, read the proces-ceilnil of the last sitting, and the Presi dent drew the names of the members who are to form the fifteen standing committees. The optic! 1,0111111111 was then made, after which the President announced that he ha d received a letter from General 'farms, who tendered the resig nation of his sent in the Assembly. M. de Thorigny, Minister of the Interior, next ascended the tribune, and read the message, as fol lows : " Gentlemen Representatives,—l come this year as usual to present to you an account of the important events which have been accomplished since my last Messa3e. " 1 believe, however, 1 ought to pass with silence the events which, in spite of myself, have produced certain dis sensions which will always be to be regretted. " With the exception of some partial agitation, the public peace has not been troubled, and that even at various epochs at which political difficulties were of a kind to weaken the sentiment of public security and to assist apprehensions The country, by its peaceful attitude, has shots a a confidence with the government, the existence of which is most pleasing to me. It appears, however, imprudent to tatter ourselves with illusions on this appearance of tranquillity. A vast dema gogical conspiracy is now organising in France and Europe. Secret societies are endeavouring to extend their ramifica tions even into the smallest communes. AU the madness and violence of party is brought forth ; while these men are not even agreed on persons kir things, they are agreed to meet in IEO2, not to construct but to ovei.hrow. Your patriotism and your courage, with which I shall en deavour to keep pace, will, I am sure, save France from the danger wherewith she is threatened. But to conquer those dancers we must look at them without fear and without exaggeration while we are convinced, that, thanks to the strength of the administration, to the enlightened care of the magistrates, to the devotion of the army, France will be saved. Let us, therefore, unite our efforts to dispossess the spirit of evil ever of the hope of a momentary success. " Tne best means to attain th;s end has always appeared to me the application of that system which consists in , satisfying the legitimate interests on the one band, and on . - the other to suffitc.ite, at the moment of their appearance, the slightest symptoms of an attack against religion, mo ' rality, and society. . . . " Thus to procure labour by granting to companies our great lines of railwAr, and with the money which the state will procure from these projects to give a strong impulse to the other works in allthe other departments, to encourage those institutions destined to deniese agricultural and coat • menial credit, to conic by means o f charitable institutions to the assistance of all poverty, such has been and such still must be our tint care, and it is by following this course that it will become easier to have recourse to means of repression whew their necessity shall have become felt. " beTzitios. " lo the greater part of France ordinary measures have sufficed to ensure order, but the state of siege maintained in the 6th military divisiou has had to be extended to the department of the Arai:l:he, stained with the blood of fre quent collisions, and more recently still to the departments of the ('her and Marne, terrified by a commencement of Juapkrie. " At Lyons • strong and unique system of police has ' been organised, embracing 12 towns or suburban commune% which the law has conipreheuded under the denominatiew of the Lyonese agglcmeration. " Political refugees entered into dangerous ariations. Some it was necessary to expel, but hospitality has con tinued to be extended to very large numbers. " A sum of more than 403,000 f. has been divided among 2,000 refugees. " The vices of the municipal organisatiou spring from the necessity under which the government found itself of in one year revoking, on the advice of the Council of State, 501 elective functionaries, of whom 278 were mayors, and 123 atljoines. " The dissolutions of municipal councils has amounted to 126, those of national guards to 139. " Although the maintenance of security and the applica tion of si.vere measures principally devolve on the Ministry of the Interior, and, before all, require its action, its en lightened seal has spared no means of extending itself at the same time to all that might stimulate labour, that first con dition of well-being and tranquillity. " Thus the municipal administration of France has adopted two vast projects, which at one and the same time present the advantage of facilitating the supply of provi sions to the capital, and of adding to its beauty. I mean the construction of the markets and the prolongation of the Rue Ricoh. The impulse soon spread from Paris to the departments, which have devoted considerable sums to works of utility. " Sciences and arts have received notable encourage. meat, and the important sums which have been voted for the restoration of various historical monuments have been applied accordingly. "Two projects demand a prompt solution; Ca., to de termine the indemnities due to those citiaens who have suf fered material losses in coot.-quince of the events of Febru ary and June ; and the secoud proposition refers to the organisation of prison labour. " There is, moreover, another project of a law of which I spoke to you in my last message, and to which I attached the greatest importance, namely, the assistance which to be tendered to the old remnants of the armies of the Republic and the Empire. " Circumstances which were independent of my will have hitherto prevented the presentation of this project. I trust, however, that you will soon be in a position to give it a favourable reception, for I entreat you not to forget that in all parts of this country there are men covered with scars, who have sacritiisid themselves to the defence of the coun try, and who are now anxiously waiting for you to help them. Their time is short, atiheted as they are by age and misery. " FINANCES. "The present situation is ea favourable as can be ex pected considering the engagements of the past and the un certainties of the future. THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 5, 1851. . Mlle accounts of 11149, which Laves been sett toted to boa 'hops the defilitive sops of this calculatioel. The de leit which it burdens on the Treasury exceeds net the quo- Wiens of the Message of the 12th oft November last. "The decree which shortens by two months the duration .a the financial year bee been applied to the receipts and to the expenditure of 18.30, so that souse how it is easy to weer tained the total. We are happy to be able to say that a surplus will remain after meeting the propositions of the committee of the budget and the administration. " The budget of 1850, now preparing, and the different ' sults which it will present, will in a great measure depend on the state of the revenue during the last month of the year. Up to this day the collection of impost offers a satis factory result. " Direct taxes are being paid nlh great promptness. They present an improvement even on the favourable situa tion of last year. The indirect taxes suffer from the want of confidence in the future. "The indirect imposts feel the effect of the want of con fidence in the future, without, however, any diminution upon the totality of the receipts anticipated by the budget being as yet produced. " The loss experienced under some branches of the revenue, especially registration dues, is compensated by the amount of the taxes on consumption—a circumstance which establishes the welfare and employment of the most nume rous classes. " The diminution of the produce of the Customs does not disclose soy grievous symptom compensated fur, as far as concerns colonial sugar, by the increase of the amount' received :rom inditenous sugar, it may, in other respects, be explained by the effects of the law of the 11th of January last, which regulated the economic relations of Algeria and France, and the benefits of which, as regards our African possessions, will be increased by the recent institution of an establishment of credit. Tnere is nothing in those antici pated results which is not contemnible with the general in terests of the country. " The sustained progress of oar expectations in every class has had the effect of balancing, in respect to our branches of industry, the slackness of the home market. The high figures which they have attained in late years, compared with the amount of importations, accounts for the alit ience of the precious metals into our country. This increase of exports is so much the more secure for the future, inas much as it is founded on the progressive advance of civilises tion. " Upon the whole, the budget of 18.51 will afford results almost in conformity with what was anticipated. "The extraordinary public works executed in 18.50 and in 18-51 involve an expense of 172,000,000 f. The deficits of those two years are far from amounting to that sum, and the expenditure for public works will only in part be a charge upon the future. Peace and order have especially the effect of ameliorating the condition of the laborious classes, and this amelioration is proved by the state of the deposits in the savings fund.' The deposits of this kind have increased during 1850, and during the six first months of 18-il with a rapidity not oh- servable at any other period. But this state of things had its dangers, and the Assembly, in conjunction with the go vernment, has endeavoured to prevent them, by placing, thr nigh the law of the 30th of June last, the interests of these justly popular institutions in accordance with the in. tennis of the state. " This law is now being put in execution, and the results already ascertained indicate that its advantages are compre hended by the mass (so numerous and so deserving of in terest) of depositors. " Another law conceded the Def b.OO of the mail packet boats of the Mediterranean to private enterprise. It is desirable that similar concessions should allow of the exten sion of our relations of commerce and intercourse with the Transatlantic countries. The administration is occupied in cinsidtration of the question of the means of bringing them to a solution. " The Minister of Finance, making , use of the authority granted him, has negotiated the routes resulting from the liquidation of the savin3s-banks. " If regard he had to the eircumatancea under which the operatlun has taken place, it cannot he denied that the ope ration has been conducted on advantageous terms. " You will in this see a omit, that when political anxieties shall cause a depression in the state of our finances, it will be easy, if ycu so think fit, to have recourse to credit on conditions favourable to the Treasury. retitle Winton. " The commercial, political, and military importance of ra:lways becomes every day more evident. Amid the general progress, not to advance would he to recede. This the government has comprahended, and the reduction of the credits has not prevented it from following up with the greatest activity the completion of the works upon the principal line from Paris to Strasbourg, and on the broach from Metz to the Prussian frontier. 0 Four sections, forming together an extent of 210 kiln metres, will have been inaugurated in 1851, and in the first six mouths of the coming year the entire eastern line may be opened to the public. " Upwards of 100 kilometres have been added respec tively to the lines from Paris to Bordeaux, and from Paris to Lyons. The line from Tours to Nantes is finished. "Upon the whole, the total kagth of the sections opened for traffic in 1811 exceeds 500 kilometres, and the works on the other sections are no far advanced as to permit of an addi tion to our network of railroads of 330 kilometre, in 1852. A connecting line is recognised as necessary . fur the purpose of uniting the points of departure of the p eiucipal railroads running out of the capital. " You have appointed the 10th of November next for the discussion of, as business of pre-sing importance, the two bills relative to the railroad from Paris to the Mediterra nean. Public opinion continues to mark that out to you as • work of the first necessity. " The credits asaignal tor the completion and improve , meat of the highways are too restricted to allow those parts of the country which on account of the difficulty presented by the soil, have not been comprehended in the network of railroads or canals, to have the advantage of more coo venient oommunicationa. In the budget of 1852, 1 ask you fur the means of ameliorating this position, by putting ft in j accordance with distributive astice. " Interior navigation, that indispensable auxiliary of , agriculture and commerce, together with the railroads, has nut been negketed. Great results are already, or will at a future time be attained, is spite of the insufficiency of the sums of money. "The lateral canal at the Garonne, already open for na vigation between Toulouse and Agin to an extent of 127 kilometres, will be carried forward a few months us far as Man, 42 kilometres beyond Agen, and made to communicate with the Wine. In a few more years, and with a few more efforts, the gigantic works of Louis XIV. will have received, to the glory of our time, its necessary completion. " Tho last section of the canal from the Maine to the Rhine will be susceptible of being opened for commerce in 1853. "On the Seine, the want so much to be regretted in re spect to the navigable state of the river, even in its passage through the capital, will shortly disappear. " Between Rouen and llavre the maritime navigation has received unhoped-for advantages from the execution of the Digne works. A bill submitted to your consideration has for its object to secure the continuance of thec fortu nate results. " By the same bill the government proposes to you to undertake at the mouths of the Rhone a system of works analogous to those which have been attended on the Seine with such complete success. " Surveys are going on in the same spirit for the improve ment of the navigation of the Loire and Guienne. "Among the civil edifices and natiocal palaces which have been finished in the course of the present year, I may mention the basins of Versailles and St. Cloud, the Library of St. Genevieve, the Stamp-office, and the restoration of the salons of the Louvre. " A project of law relative to the completion of the Louvre is now preparing, and will be immediately laid be fore vou. kor a long time commerce has demanded freedom of transport, with respect to land carriage ; and we made this legitimate concession to public opiniou. " Finally, the recent clauses which have given a new or ganisation to the staff of the school of the l'unts et Cha Wie s e!, have prepared for the application of laws relative to the mode of recruiting engineers. "AGRICULTURE AND COMMERCE. " The government has endeavoured to carry out the wish expressed by the General Council of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce for the establishment of public competition, so serviceable in improving our breed of domestic animals. " To facilitate such, a request for a Special appropriation et fonds has been introduced into the project for tho budget of 18.52. The administration has employed special persons to study various questions of the greatest interest to agricul ture, and to publish documents on the cultivation of flax in Belgium and Holland. An inquiry made into the institutions of landed credit will, by new documents, facilitate the study and the discus sion of the project of law on this subject, now submitted to the deliberation of the Assembly. " The results of the inquiry on the establishments for agricultural colonisation in Holland, Switzerland, Belgium, sod France, have been tublished. " Special and detailed instructions have been addressed to the prefects to facilitate the execution of the law of the 10th of March, 1851, which has organised the legal repre sentation of agricultural industry, and general cruncils have bran called to carry out one of its meat important provisions. " Storms and hurricanes at many points of France have ruined numerous families. To relieve them the government, combining with the efforts of private charity, has, by a de cree of the 27th of August last, raised the measure of as sistance usually awarded in such coxes to 71 per cent. " A oombination of events and circumstances, still fresh' in the memory of all, had lowered the prices of provisions; but the alteration in some countries of Europe, particularly England, of the laws a ff ecting corn, have opened new and intensive markets o our agriculture. Since 1849 our ex ports have received en increase previously unknown. «The publication of the statistical atlas of the heads of banana in France is going on with activity, and will soon show that our wealth in this article of property is not less than that of the other nations of Europe, " A decree of the 3rd of September, 1811, has recognised the Chamber of Commerce, and by • ing them as establishments of public utility has satisfied one et their fre quently-expressed wishes. " Some create, much to be regretted, have occasioned un easiness with respect to the organisation of the Tontine societies and agencies. A commission is about to revise the statutes for the purpose of introducing all the improve meats and guarantees which belong to the nature of these " The law of May 4, 1851, has settled the bases of con tracts of appreaticeship, to the advantage of industry sad the families of the working classes. Its effect will be to secure to the apprentice a legal guarantee of instruction and morality, wthont infringing on the freedom of labour and the rights of the family. " A decree of the 17th of last May has determined the exceptions to the law of the oth of September, 1848, which limited the duration of faitory labour to 12 bouts. The government trusts that It has justified the confidence placed to A by the legislature. " The advances made by certain employers to their workmen have often rendered repayment impossible, by en gaging the workmen for an unlimited period (?). The law of the 21st of last May, by orderinx authorised advances to 30fr., has reconciled the rights of both with the respect due to contracts. The project of law concerning manufacturing works, so important to industry and commerce, has already been ex• amined by the Council of State, and will goon be submitted to the Assembly. " The decree of the 21th December, 1850, has laid down the basis for a new or:anis:dims of the sanitary service on the sea coast. This organisation, which is simpler and more in harmony with our general administrative rystem, has been carried and put in practice in the course of the present year. " By an order, delegates from foreign powers, chosen from the consular and medical corps, are now proposing at Paris the scheme of nn uniform regulation for all the coun tries situated on the coast of the Mediterranean. " The amount of our exports shows the activity given to our manufactures, and the results obtained since the last message shows how French industry, in the midst of diffi cult circumstances and incessant competition, has triemphed over obstacles and extended its outlets. " The superiority of certain branches of our industry has been crnfirmed or recorded by the London Exhibition, as is proved by the numerous prises awarded to our exhibitors. In fact, France hos proportionably gained more than all the other countries, including England herself. And it is not only by our works of art, taste, and luxury that we have obtained this success. Our machines, our scientific instru ments, our chemical products, our works in copper an% hardware, as well as preparation of our raw material, and our fabrics and dies, have earned for us an honourable dis tinction. " The Universal Exposition will have added a glorious page to the annals of French industry. "The National Assembly, that legislation may be in har mony with this remarkable progress, has, since the 12th of November, 1850, voted three important laws in favour of commerce, industry, and navigation: "The law of the lltb of January, 1851, which has settled the commercial administration of Algeria. " The law of the l•ith of June, 1851, which remodels the tariff of sugars. Colonial produce has found in our mar kets a more advantageous outlet, without compromising native industry. The law of the 22nd of July last, for the encouragement of the great fisheries. " At the same time considerable improvements have been introduced into our commercial regulations. "The message of the 12th of November, 1950, announced an inquiry into the state of our mercantile marine. This has taken place; the documents are now before enlightened and competent persons whose labours will produce some useful reforms, and now, if the Assembly will adopt the proposi tion made in the hutivt of 1312, the coasting trade (cabotage) will be relieved of part of it present hardens. p te o c r t tan ou t r d sn ar bt e ts his been =ads in every department of the naval ser reonnedeverel poin t essar of accessary g t l h o e b° Progt v s e s ral w whic h vice during the last 2.3 years, by certain difficulties of application, or by the expediency of certain measures of economy, h ave successively regulated. The service on board vessels of the fleet ; the pay of officers and other per sons employed in the navy in various capacities ; the fitting up of vessels of the fleet according to an in variable rule. Othe: internal arrangements have simplified and centralised the naval accounts, and provided more effectually still than formerly for the preservation of the precious contents of our arsenals. Works of considerable magnitude aro in progress of execution. The construction of seasoning tanks in the ports of Cherbourg, nothefort, and Toulon, for which the National Assembly has granted a special credit of 938,000 f., is being carefully executed. Next year will bring about the termination of these useful works so long desired, and which will put an end to the losses we yearly experience in our timber stores. The dredging of the harbour of Toulon continues to be successfully carried on, and already all the vessels of our evolutionary squadron aro authored where formerly ships of inferior tonnage could barely venture. At Cherbourg, Fort Sayan, Port Vendres, and Marseilles, the works are proceeding with equal activity, But these ameliorations, obtained at the cost of so many eiforts,would remain sterile, and our naval power would not occupy a position in the world worthy of France if she had not the means, under all emergencies, of recruiting men already broken to the hard profession of a seaman. The most important of these is, as you know, the system of discipline combined with the usual invalid fund. All that could tend t 3 render this work of Colbert , more fruitful has been under the serious consideration of the Admiralty in the form of a bill. Already the last law promullated on the premiums fur the sea fisheries promise new and fruitful results. A bill relative to the regulations of the coast fisheries—the first school of our sailors—was submitted to the Assembly a few days before its prorogation. This law will be a real benefit to the coast population. The situatian of our colonies is more satisfactory than last year; they all enjoy complete ranquillity, which, indeed, since the emancipation, has never experienced any serious disturbanac except in the state of Guadeloupe. At the mine time that it strives to inspire into our newly-enfranchised populations con fidence in their condition of freedom, and the love of labour which must ever result from it, the government combats and pursues with energy all attempts to propagate mischievous doctrines. " The distribution of the indemnity regulated by a decree of November 24,1849,is now everywhere completed. A law of the 30tho1July, WO, hastened the advantages arising from this measure, by deciding that the certificates of liquidation delivered to the respective claimants should be immediately exchanged at the Treasury for coupons de mites. The in scriptions which have at present been delivered represent a mass of about two millions of mites, that is to say, a third of the total indemnity. "The colonial banks, organised by the law of the 11th of July last, are in a position to bring forth those fruits which are expected of them. The internal administration of the colonies, their legislative and financial constitution, eine,. for a fresh organisation, in harmony with the principles established by the Constitution. A bill, prepared to meet this object, has been presented to the Assem bly; a body of regulations, embracing every department of the financial administration of the colonies and their' public accounts, is already prepared, and will be in a state to fellow immediately the voting of the organic law. Two other bills, one on immigration and the regulation of labour in the colonies, and the other on the organisation of the judicial system, have been prepared by the ministry and the colonial commission. Lastly, our establishments on the western coast of Africa are in a progressive state; their situation demands, in the interest of that progress itself, several measures which have recently been prepared and proposed by a commission. " FOREIGN AFFAIRS. "We have reason to caa7atulate ourselves on the state of our relations with foreign powers. From all sides we re ceive assurances of the desire they feel to see our difficulties peaceably ended. On our aide, a loyal and sincere diplo macy allies itself to all measures which can contribute to assure tranquillity and peace to Europe. " The more this peace is prolonged, the more tightly arc the bonds between the various nations drawn. Prince Albert's vast and liberal idea has contributed to cement their union. The English peaple have welcomed our countrymen with a noble cordiality, and this competition between the various industries of the world, instead of fo- menting jealousies, has only served to heighten the natural respect of the naCons. " At Rome our situation remains the same, and the Holy Father is unceasing in his demonstrations of solicitude for the prosperity of France and the comfort of our soldiers. The work of the organisation of the Roman government pro ceeds but slowly ; nevertheless, a council of state has been established. The municipal and provisional councils arc gradually organising themselves', and they will serve to form • consults, whose duty it will be to take a share in the admi nistration of finances. Important legislative reforms follow one after another, and great pains aro taken with the crea tion of an army which would promote the retreat of foreign powers from the territories of the church. "At Constantinople our active interference has, since a twelvemonth, been commanded by the protection of religious interests. It was necessary to conquer difficulties in the Catholic, and among the other Christian communions, to terminate the disputes respecting the investiture of the Armenian bishops, mid to promote a transaction w ich will terminate those deplorable quarrels, which but too often aro provoked by the possession of the holy places. If all he animated with one conciliatory spirit, those sad contests are over for all time to come. "Our terms with Spain are satisfactory, and give us cause 1 to hope for a speedy and definitive regulation of the dis pate respecting the frontier of the Pyrenees. "We have eagerly seized the opportunity to furnish Spain ' with a proof of the sincerity of our relations, by joining England in offering the cabinet of Madrid the assistance of our naval forces to repulse the late audacious attack upon Cuba. Besides, our midster at Washinlton has been in structed amicably . to support the reclamationof the court of Madrid, and the justice of these reclamations has been most loyally recognised by the federal goverment. " Peace is restored between Germany and Denmark. Schleswig has submitted to the authority of its king; the Austrian occupation of Holstein has terminated the insurrec tion, and, the cause of the intervention of foreign troops having thus ceased to exist, I trust that their stay will not be prolonged. " The resolutions of the cabinet of Copenhagen to deter mine the succession and to assure the integrity of the Danish monarchy have obtained the approbation of the great powers 01 Europe. That which still awaits the official sanction is now merely a question of detail. " The dangers which a year ago threatened the peace of Germany have been dispelled. the Germanic Confedera tion in its total has returned to the forms and the rules which prevailed previous to ISIS. It attempts to protect itself against new cons ulsions by application to an interior reorganisation to which we ought to remain perfect stran gers. We had for a moment reason to fear that the Frank fort Diet might be called upon to discuss a proposition which vastly modified the very essence of the Germanic Confederation, while it tended to expand its limits change its destination and European role, and which would have shaken the equilibrium which has been consecrated by the general treaties. We thought it our duty to make our re presentations. England, too, protested. Luckily the wis dom of the German government has removed this chance of a complication.' " Switzerland has removed from its territories greater part of the refugees who abused its hospitality. In support ing that measure we did a service to Switzerland and to its contiguous States. " Novel events which have transpired from the Plata ' coast have powerfully modified the situation of the States which are engaged in the quarrel. These events compel us to suspend the arrangements which we proposed to make C for a pacification. • " The systems of reciprocal extradition of criminals and t of postal conventions extend gradually. Of this, various proofs have been given to the Assembly by several conven ., Lions which have been submitted to it. Other conventions I will be submitted at a later period. I " The conclusion of commercial treaties with Great Dri p tain, Tuscany, Belgium, Prussia, Denmark, and Sweden s proves the solicitude of the government for the,development D of our mercantile and marine relations. " The Assembly had expressed a wish that the literary contention with Sardinia and Portugal should be adopted by the other states at their earliest convenience. " Great Britain and Ilanover have already signed special conventions, which reproduce the principal items of the Sardinia and Portugal convention. On various other points, ' and especially in Spain negotiations aro still pending, and likr l to lead to some good end. "the reclamation which a large number of French mer chants and shipowners have to bring against the govern ment of the United States, in consequence of various arbitrary seizures of the Californian Custom-house, are not yet tither liquidated or paid ,but the American Congress and the cabinet of Washington have formally recognised their justice, and we shall soon obtain a legitimate satis faction. " SVMMARY. " You have just heard a faithfulexposition of the situa tion of the country. As to the past, it offers satisfactory re sults ; nevertheless, a state of general uneasiness tends to increase daily. Everywhere labour grows slack, poverty augments, interests are alarmed, and anti-social expecta tions swell high in proportion as the enfeebled powers of the state approach their term. " In such a state of things, the first care of the govern ment must be to seek out the means of avoiding the dan gers which threaten and ensuring the best means of safety. Already, in my last message, my words on this subject I remember it with pride, were favourably received by the Assembly. I sold to you— " The uncertainty of the future gives rise to many appre hensions, while it awakens many hopes. Let us all be pre pared to sacrifice these hopes to our country, and let us give heed to its interests alone. If, during this session, you vote for the revision of the constitution, our con stituent Assembly will remodel our fundamental laws, and fix the destiny of the executive power. If you do not vote it, the people in 1852 will solemnly manifest the expression of its will anew. Whatever may be the solution of the future, let us understand each other, in order that it may never be passion, surprise, or violence which shall decide the fate of a great nation. " To-day the questions are the same, and my duty is not altered. It is inflexibly to maintain order, it is to banish all causes of agitation, in order that the resolutions which are to decide our fate may be conceived amidst calm and adopted without contest." "These resolutions can emanate only fromadecisive act of the national sovereignty, since they are all based on the popular election. Well, now, I have asked of myself whe ther, in the presence of the division of passions, of the con fusion of doctrines, of the division of parties, when all cons bine to attack the morals, the justice, the authority of the nation, we ought to stand by and leave shaken and incom plete the only principle which, in the midst of the general chaos, Providence upholds for us to gather round it. " Since universal suffrage again raised the social fabric, by substituting a right fur a revolutionary fact, is it wise in us to continue narrowing its basis? And, lastly, I have asked myself, when new powers shall preside over the desti nies of the country, should we not from the first comp rom i se their stability, if we left a pretext for questioning their origin, or fur misrepresenting their legitimacy? " No doubt was possible, and, without wishing for a single instant to swerve from the policy of order which I have always followed, I have been obliged in many respects to separate from a cabinet which had to the full my confi dence and respect, in order to choose another which,equally composed of honourable men, and of such whose conserva tive sentiments are publicly known, but who consented to admit the necessity of re-establishing universal suf f rage on the broadest possible basis. " You will therefore have presented to you the draught of a law which restores the principle in all its fullness, in retaining from the law of the 31st of May everything which winnows universal suffrage from impure elements, and which makes its application now moral and regular. "The project has consequently no features which can possibly govern this As,embly ; for i(1 think it expedient to ask to-day for the withdrawal of the law of the :11,t of May, I do not mean to deny the approbation which I paid at that time to the cabinet which claimed from the chief of the majority whose work this law was the honour of pre senting it. "If we remember the under whick this law was presented we shall not, I believe, refuse to avow that it was a political act rather than an electoral law, that it was really and fully a measure of public benefit. When ever the majority shall propose to me energetic measures for the salety of the country it may rely on my loyal and dis interested support. But the best of measures for the public welfare have hut a I:tnited time. " The law of the 31st of May has, in its application, even gone beyond the object intended to he attained. No ono foresaw the suppression of 3,000,000 electors, two-thirds of whom are peaceful inhabitants of the country. What has been the result? Why, that this immense ex clusion has served as a pretest to the anarchist party, who cloke their detestable designs beneath the appearance of a right withdrawn and to be recouquert4l. Too weak in numbers to take possession of society by their votes, they hope, under favour of the general emotion :ind the decline of the powers of the state, to kindle in several points of France at once troubles, which would be quelled no doubt, but which would throw us into fresh complications. Independently of these dangers the law of the 31st May pre. sous, as an electoral law, grave inconveniencies. I have never ceased to believe thnt a day would come when it would be my duty to propose its repeal. Detective when applied to the election of an assembly, it is still more so i n the case of nominating u president, for though a residence of three years in a commune may have appeared a guarantee of dis cernment imposed on electors in the knowledge of those who arc to represent them, so long a term of residence cannot be considered necessary for the appreciation of the candidate destined to the government of I•'ruce. "Another serious übjeCiion is this—the constitution re quires for the validity of the election of a President by the people at least 2,000,000 of suffrages, and, if this number is not collected, the right of election is conferred on the Assembly. The Constituent Assembly had therefore decided that, out of 10,000,000 voters inscribed on the lists, onc•fflth was sufficient to render the election valid. " At the present time, the number of electors being re duced to 7,000,000, to require 2,000,000 is to invert the pro. portion—that is to say, it is to demand almost one-third in stead of one-fifth, and thus, in a certain eventuality to take the election out of the hands of the people to give it to the Assembly. It is, therefore, positively changing the condi tions of eligibility of the President of the Republic. " Lastly, I call your particular attention to another rca- son which perhapa may ',rove decisive. "The re-establishment of universal suffrage on its princi pal basis furnishes an additional chance of obtaining the revision of the constitution. You have not forgotten why the adversaries of this revision refused last session to vote for it. They urged this argument, which they knew how to render specious : The constitution, said they, which is the work of an assembly taking its rise in universal suffrage, cannot be modified by an assembly issuing from a restricted suf frage. Whether or not this lie a real motive or a pretext only, it is expedient to set it aside and to be able to say to those who would hind the country down to an Immutable constitution, —Behold univer sal suffrage re-established, the majority of the Assem bly supported by 2,000,000 of petitioners, by the greater number of the councils of arrondissement, and almost unanimously by the councilageneral, demands the revision of the fundamental compact. nave you less confidence than we in the expression of the popular will ? The ques tion therefore, may be thus stated to all who desire a pacific solution to the difficulties of the day: "The law of the 31st of May has its imperfections, but even were it perfect should it not, nevertheless, be repealed if it is to prevent the revision of the constitution, the mani fested wish of the country. " It is objected, I am aware, that on my part these propo• eats are inspired by personal interest. My conduct for the last three years ought to repel such an allegation. The welfare of the country, I repeat, will always be the solo moving spring of my conduct. I believe it my duty to pro pose every means of conciliation, and to use every effort to bring about a pacific, regular, and legal solution, whatever 'Kayos its issue. Thus then, gentlemen, the proposal I makn to you is, neither a piece of party tactics, nor an egotistical edeula term, nor a sudden resolution; it is the result of serious me ditation, and of a prefound conviction. I do not pretend that this measure will banish all the difficulties of the situa tion. But to each day its appointed task. "To-day to re-establish universal suffrage is to deprive civil war of its ensign, the opposition of its last argument. It will be to furnish France with thu possibility ut giving Neff institutions which may insure its repose. It will bo to give back iu future to the powers of the state that moral force which can uuly exist so long as it reposes on a con secrated principle and an iucontestible authority. " Receive, gentlemen, the assurance of my high esteem. " LOUIS NAPOLEON BONAPANTE. " Elysee National, Nov. 4." The minister afterwards read a project oflaw, proposing the complete abrogation of the law of the 31st May, Irl4o, and re-establishing the electoral law of the loth March,lBl9. In virtue of the new law all citizens 21 years of age, and having resided six months in the commune, are declared electors. The military men are to vote in the commune where they were born and drew the conscription. PublM functionaries and ministers of religious worship recognised by the state are to exercise their electoral right in the com mune where they exercise their functions, whatever may be the period of their residence. The minister, in conclusion, demanded urgency. M. Berryer hero rose and begged leave to offer a few observations on the order of the day. (Cries of" Lot us vote without any discussion" on the Lett.) M. lierrycr however insisting on saying a few words on the expediency of taking the urgency into coati& raticn was allowed to proceed. The document Just read was, he serious one and the un foreseen retirement of the preceding cabinet added to its gravity. (Interruption on the Left.) The publication of a recent circular of the Minister of War, in which there was no mention of the respect due to the laws and the dcstitutions, and the disclosures made by some of the most important organs of public opinion has produced an emotion audunea.si ness in the mi nd,which it was the dutyoltheAssernbly to allay. (Murmers OR the Left. Messrs. Emile de (lirardin and Pierre Bonaparte addressed interim:nation to the speaker amidst tho noise.) M Berryer added that in the present critical cir cumstances the Assembly was bound to suspend its vote on the urgency, until the political question and the political situation should be fully explained to the satisfaction of tho country. Ile accordingly proposed the appointment of a special committee of members of the Assembly . to inquire with impartiality and reflection into that situation, in order to allow the Assembly to pursue perseveringly and with perfect knowledge the task of watching over the repose of the country. M. Oiraud, Minister of Public Instruction, said that the course proposed by M. Berryer would have the contrary effect, and disturb instead of reassuring the country. The Commission of Permanence besides had reapeatedly met during the recess, and as often declared, and in particular after the change of ministers, that the country had no rea son to be alarmed, and that there was. consequently, no necessity to convoke the National Assembly. (Approbation on several benches.) The President then read the proposition of M. Betryer, who asked that the Assembly should meet to-morrow in its bareaux, and, after hearing the explanations of ministers on the situation of the country, appoint a committee to institute en inquiry, and report upon that Situation. (Murmurs on the Lett.) M. Emile de Oirardiu said that it was easy to account for the change of ministers. Those who retired had proposed the law, of which the new cabinet de.nanded the abrogation. For his part, he considered the law of the 31st of May, IS to have been a law of provocation), and he rendered homage to the policy that saved France (ruin the horrors of a civil war. M. de Thorigny observed that by demanding urgency, the cabinet did not mean that the bill should come immediately under consideration. On the contrary, he wished it to be the object of serious meditations, and had no ok,ection t the discussion being continued to-morrow. M. Larochejacquelin supported the urgency, and after its adoption by the Assembly, he would, he said, vote in favour of M. Berryer's proposition, for he always wished to be en lightened as to the situation of tl.e country. M. Berryer replied that he always spoke with sincerity. (" Oh ! oh !" on the Left). It was impossible that the Assembly could grant urgency, without knowing whether the rumours in circulation were true or false. M. Giraitd replied that the ministry was ready to give the explanations desired by M. Berryer on any day the Assembly though proper to fix. The adoption of the urgency, how ever, did not prejudge the question. The President then put the urgency to the vote. The Left, and a few members here and there on the Right, rose in its favour. The great majority on the Right and Centro voted against it, and the urgency was declared to have been rejected by the President. The Assembly afterwards adjourned at half-past 5 o'clock in great agitation. " Tho first part of the message was listened to in silence. The announced determination of the Pre sident to combat by all . possible means the immense conspiracy organising in France and throughout Europe against religion and society elicited some murmurs on the Left, which were almost immediately hushed up. An allusion to the new Minister of Marine (a Professor of the University) subsequently excited immoderate laughter on the Left. The iu " J CeTICE. " The last message stated that the Assembly was oc cupied with three important projects °flaw : " The first, relative to judicial organisation, is now being reported. " The second, in hypothecation, will be immediately submitted to a third reading, and the people will soon feel the benefit of the new law. " The third, on judicial assistance. This law was passed on the 21rd of January last. "The uantinistrxtton has left nothinft undone to put this law into execution. The auxiliary bureaus are now every where oren, and the poor as well as the rich can meet their ' rights before the tribunals. " The law respecting the marriages of the poor has also been successfully applied. " The last Message spoke also of projects of law relative to the rehabilitation of convicts, and the repression of crime committed by the French in foreign countries. They have been submitted to the Council of State, which is likewise occupied with a proposition, emanating from the Initiation Committee, on the subject of transportation. Great diffi culties arose as to the appointment of a place. These seem to be removed, and the law which is requisite for the peace of society and the reform of convicts will soon receive the double examination of the Council of State and the As- !clubly. "The administration of juatioe Du been everywhere prompt and enli3htened. PUBLIC INSTRUCTION AND WOB-Slf 'P. " The law of the 15th of March, 1850, on primary instruc tion has produced the happieft results. The rectoral ad ministration, being brought nearer to the establishments, and being aided by the concurrence of cantonal delegates, has exercised a most active aura Nance. " The faCity granted to the communes, of substituting in certain eases free schools for public schools, has not di minished the number of the latter. . . . . ....... " The number of communal schools is increasing. At the time when the law was promulgated it was 31,146; it is now 34,9:8). The instruction of girls, so important both for religious and domestic order, is increasing more and more. In 1810 the communsl sch oh for girls were estimated at 10,171 ; they are now, in 1811, estimated at 10,142. " The new law has not been favourable to the free in struction of boys. In 1810 there were 4,250 free schools for boys; there are now only 4,6 V. "The case is otherwise with the free schools for girls. In 1810 they amounted to 11,068; in 1801 they amount to 11,378. " Altogether the primary schools have increased by 806. " The organisation of public instruction, according to the basis ;Attie new law, has been entirely completed since lust year. The academic councils have shown equal firm ness and moderation in the exercise of their powers. The • superior council placed at the head of the hie . , - rarchy main tains a poweful unity, and I fuel justified in sat ing that freedom of instruction, which ha• bccn developed in a re markable manner, is without danger, because it will be confined within proper limits. " In the transition from the old university regime to a regime of liberty, many situations which have been honour ably and painfully acquired are now threatened. However, modest functionaries who have been removed from their career by the force of events ought net to lose the reward for past service-.. A proposition on this subject will be laid before you, and I have no doubt you will co-operate in the work of just reparation. " The creation of three bishoprics in the Antilles and in the Island of Reunion has now taken place. The bishops have taken possession of their sees, and the salutary influence at Martinique, Reunion, and Guadeloupe enable us to judge of the advantage that would arise front the appoint ment of a more numerous clergy. Some expenses will be in dispensable for the foundation of seminary colleges, already authorised in principle by the organic decree of the colonial bishops. You will, I think, perceive the utility of carrying out, without too much delay, a work so happily begun. The National Astembly, by receiving the demand of the Minister of Public Worship in favour of diocesan edifices has not only proved its intent in our great monuments, but has also wished to show its anxiety for the requisitions of religion. Moreover, by adhering to this generous disposition, it wi'd form the opening of vast rtiaiers in those depart ments where the position of the working classes threatens to become very painful. The non-catholic sects have also their due share in the care of the government. "Wks. "The general effective land forte consisted on the Ist of October only of 387,519 men and 84,306 horses. If circum stances present no obstacle this effective force will be brought within the budgetary limits of 18.52, which reduce it to 377,130 men and 83,455 horses. No fresh supplementary credit will be necessary for 1851. The credits granted by the budget of 1851 have allowed to be organised this year 231 new brigades of gendarmerie. The creation of 230 more will take place in 1852, and the increase of expenditure which will accrue from this source will be more than compensated by the reductions operated in the affective force of other antis. Several bills concerning the organisation of the skeletons of regiments, recruiting, and the pensions to he granted to non-commissioned officers and privates, thave been for some time past submitted to the consideration of the Legislative Assembly. The army waits for their adoption with justifiable impatience. We hope that it will not be long ere they are discussed and voted by the Assembly. " You are aware of the importance of the military opera tions of last spring in the eastern portion of Kabylia, and the success which, during 80 days' march crowned the bril liant valour of our troops, under the command of a general whom my confidence had called to the Ministry of War. The subjugation of the tribes of the lljidjelli circle, the pa cification of the valley of Loused Saliel, the extension of the oil trade, supplied by the Kabyles, such are the happy re sults of this campaign. Of 1,145 tribes proved to exist in Algeria, 1,100 have acknowledged the sovereignty of France, and those which still withdraw themselves from it are the most poor and distantly located. " The army, after having vanquished the Arabs, applied itself to civilise them, by modifying their social habits. Thus, under the inspiration of our officers, has been seen to spring up all that could reveal a well-established state of progress; edifices, numerous houses, extensive plantations, new staples of agriculture, dams and bridges across rivers, caravanserais on the roads of communication, the organisa tion of public schools, and the healing art introduced among a people decimated by sickness. Although fanatic passion. have not yet been entirely disarmed, there is forming •insee the Arabs • wise party, capable of appreciating Ifide veritable interest, and ready to second our efforts. The recent naming of several enactments specially re ferring to Algeria has powerfully contributed to assist the work of colonisation. The law of the 16th of June, 1851, ea the iseastitution of property—that of the 11th of January commercial transactions—that of the 4th of Amp* establishing a bank of discount, circulation, sad &pit—lastly, the decree of April 28, introducing amend ments shown by experience to be necessary, have facilitated the concesaions of land. In conclusion, although the general situation of Algeria is far from being alarming ; it has, nevertheless, become complicated in certain points, such as the valley of Laden, on account of the attempted insurrection of Bon-Barghla, the province of Algiers, on "An administrative ordinance with respect to benefit account of the religious agitation; and the frontier of Mo societies has been published, in execution of the law of the recce, on account of the excitement among the savage and 15th of July, 18.30. It allows them the most perfect liberty, warlike tribes by which it is occupied. excepting as to the necessary guarantees. The report re- " NAVY. quired by the law will show how far these societies contri- " Confined within the limits of a sufficiently restricted bate to the improvement of the industrious classes. budget, our navy has nevertheless shown itself able to pro