The Express. — London, England, 1851-02-18 00:00:00

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Appetit .t.:et, Negress. post sad future.. .T esornices ',umber of Tomas laterested in the forthemning Orion LAMM Wm of the World's Mau:Airy hamog hitherto mad ao sg stmectory rsprertststive in the prep—so gaper solikiently her. mg with mechanism eammelwarive enough to grasp sad exemplify Mu far:beimilag eigniitem irith Mersa rthy of eo Enid em event —Ms grapey tors of ti e gEgitY,NO have tittermined Man fuming. every eatuntsy afternotri. • doutde sheet of met Irmo, to antrin the Mika find latest information relative the GORE**, together with • mars of other matter =!a to Me tenitittek , of merino isterested either as general sad b m saitteemen and remarks, tanagers of girth:mist remelting mem cambium friend, of inhibitors. Mesh of exhibiters, and the Mill brier and wider welt of than who are to be the hundreds o: theelmods of Melton to the rortrmolis during the forthcoming:tra iler :4 Industry of all Nation. la addshon to everything relative Sear hopertios than druh:e st.ret will giro general news, and s ill, moreover, emeetally attend to all rarest events to 'Acre:me, write., ca lla every day eseegt 4 atutday the prior of the EXPRESS will be Treepreoro• intitickee. The great value of the kIIIIIIITION k-‘111F.F.3 as • median Wet beeeldeat to adeertierse. AU edies•ruseutesui must be at the oaks to Whiterars at ne Wore &he la the molar rl nett Friday, to secure iastrtrm m the amber of as Minna, thiy. (Ake, IC, toueestnalreet Fleetetreet the '.l:prefsfs. TO CORRESPONDENTS. 4reatormeetr tater..ted Espana . Lawton Evesing paper, must be at the °Coe, Ira, Uourerl►suos4 by Iwo o'eock oa the day of pahlwahow. HIGH WATEk AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tat. MT—No.I9Y, 3h. 33. Afterepaii, VW. 14•1110•Rul• —Morning. 411. IU. Afteraeell. 41.4106 LONDON, 77 ESDA 3', FEBRUARY 18. Ir ever t i n re was a Chancellor of the Exche quer on whom it wits incumbent to bring forward a budget that would redeem his own character, and reflect some respt tt and popularity on the adminis tration, it was Sit Cft.tat.f:s Woof, last night. That gentleman must, or ought to, have kit, how unfor- Mimic has hitherto been his career. Compelled to deal, in his first years of Alec, with • famine and with co ntinued deficits, he still failed to persuade the country that his mode of meeting those deficits was either acceptable or whir. Still, evern• one made allowance fur the diffi culties of his posit ron ; and so he stumbled on, until during thisyear. the I:st year, andthe year to come, this financial minister has had a surplus to deal with of at least seven millions in the three yearn—a surplus, too, that the buiwant rise and provenly of the country might have emitted him to give awns wisely at seed time and gather up again at harvest. With the mantle of vr.t. upon his shoulders—with a House of Commons and a public fall of admiration fur what PEEL had accomplished, anal must ready to venture any ex periment in pursuance of the same policy, what might rat n Chaneellor of the Exchequer have done? Ile might have immortalised himself, and given fresh youth to his party. Fur the old age of punks, after all, is the slumber of doing nothing, the incapacity that lases opportunities, with the fatuitv that Nees not danger as it approaches. Sir'enmars Worm has done not one of the things that he might have done. Fascinated, or it might be said —petrified, like his colleagues, by the me nacing attitude of that aglicultuntl interest, which the popular hare had compelled to sacrifice their private interest to justice, the whole thought of the present Chancellor has been to propitiate that inte rest, and to dole out to these country gentlemen what financial boons he had to bestow, not largely enough to conciliate them, but in dribblets, which they steepled and despised. After his peddling with the stamp duties last year and Hinging the brick tax to the agriculturists, who did not thank him, one might have expected this year that he would have looked largely around him, dealt out the surplus,and arranged II scheme of finance in sonic way becoming his position and the progress of the age. Ile had been driven close last year in a divi sion on the window duties., anal these he especially de clared his intention to deal with. Well; thervini,:aunof such a tux Ismail have heen a boon to the industrious classes. And all men consoled themselves, that if no new impulse was to le given to trade, still that the civic elw.st4 would be rid of a barbarous and heavy tax. ...... Orintly will they be mistaken. The good CHAN CEIIOI: is not the man to do anything largely, frankly, or wholly. lie is a genuine pedlar, whi: will give the temple an inch. but never an ell; who will Niggle with them for a fraction; and who could never bring his mind to let one hand part with a w about a prospect of fib hing back nine , penis. with the other. Such is his measure about the window tax. Repeal it, indeed'. Bless the murk! The man had not the heart to do any thing so frunk. And so the window duty is to he abolished for all new houses, but they are to pay a 5 per cent. tax on the rent. The owners of existing houses are to be gratified by a remission of one-third of their present window tax. But shops or Louses worth more than 20/. must pay tad. in the pound: und so must farmers who live in houses above lino value. So that in lieu of the window tax, which tumid not be augmented from its unpipularity, Jolts Brit. has got a house tax, without a grievance to plead mrainst it —five per cent. on the rent to comm. me with, and ready for the first augmenta tion that is to come. The home tax, it is plain enough, will not be paid by the owners of house property, although the en INCELLOR argued upon the few claims such property had to exemption. The house tax, like rent it s. If. will be paid, nine-tenths of it. by the industrious. the trading, the professional classes. It sill be punt out of income, not property; and is, in but an immense augmentation of one or two schedules of the property and income tax, and those ulrendy the most unjustly overburdened. After having combined as much blunder. pettiness, and injustice as was possible in the chief measure of his budge t, shat could be expected from the smaller items ? Sonic of them are just enough, as farce, they go. and as the make - w e igh ts )osc of a good and large scheme , might have We last week recommended the reduction of the timber duty in justice to the shiplmilders, and of the entree duties. if reel coffee were any longer to he tasted. These are unexceptionable. But what shall we ray to the marvellous generosity of taking 130.000/. of the expenses of pauper •lutilities and flinging it upon the consolidated fund ? This relief of the locality Sir CHARLES Woon would not give to towns, but merely to country districts; and these heprobably would ridof all the expense but for the cherished necessity of retaining for the county justices that control over the expenditure, whether *d by the consolidated fund or not, which the CHANCELLOR thought imlispensuble to the being of the state. In truth, Sir Cu inbt:s Coon, in these indeedarguments. and throughout the whole speech, rented labouring to prove his fitness to serve am Chancellor of the Exchequer in a STANLEY and lth.ttvt.t ministry. 'The squirearchy itself could show nothing more orthodox or more cruse than Sir Wis#l). After such a budget as this, propounded at such a time, we may consider the days of the Whig ministry to Is. numbeied. Lord JohN Ilessui is a spirted leader. well able to face about, and when foes close annind him, show undaunted courage, with the nsources of a free and liberal politician. But what seen he do with such a colleague as this ? lips inn he face the clamorous crowd of angry re liffioni.ts with a bill that does not satisfy them, y et disgusts the politician? How does ho meet the accustomed to and expectant of that address and wen grandeur in dealing with financial diffi culties that reconciled men to burdens, and replaced discontent with confidence ? Sir CHARLES MOOD lnidget will this dim be welcomed throughout Eng land by a shout of derision. It is not that on amend ment might be carried against it, but any amend ment : and the best would be a vote repudiating the Whole thing on the simple ground of the incapacity of its proposer. Wrt.t., the rising in South Notts is no longer rebellion, it is victory and conquest. The tenant H arme rs and the 'manlier freeholders have, as we had from the first anticipated, fairly and effectually beaten, pat to rout, dispersed the dukes Md persons. the lards and attornim the scrims, and of that once beridden dukcry. they have 'allotted their man to parliament : not, to be sure, by a large majority; but by one which, like .Vcr- rotas wound, is enough —'twill do ; which will pmve an example to be bettered elsewhere. Nor is Mr. BARROW, their choice, the man we liberals would have selected. But between his and Lord Ni:wAnk's return there was all the difference that exists between a sham and a reality—between inde pendence and electoral slavery. His election is therefore a great fact. Three things South Notts has established: 1. That the tenant farmers do not believe their in terests to be identical with the views entertained by their landlords ; 2. That the point 0:1 which they differ is public expenditure; 3. That county repre sentation is in the tenant farmers own hands if they choose to be independent. To them may be added that success requires more courage than money on their part. These, we any, are great things to establish. Hitherto the governing class has monopolised county representation. Now the governed are resolved to possess it. And for what purpose? To mitigate that pressure of taxation which the govern ing class imposed on the country, and which they now maintain, because in its expenditure they and their sons and their daughters--yea their man ser vants and their maid servants, their very oxen and asses--are interested. Politically there was not a straw's difference between Lord NEWARK'S and Mr. Ilsuitow's opinions. except on this point of public bur thens; intellectuallv,marally,and nocially,therewas,of mune, the greatest . difference, Mr. Bsiutow having incontestably the superiority; but politically, therein lay the point. Lord NEWARK was for robbing any bOdy and everybody, to benefit landowners and keep up rents Mr. Itvithow was for lowering the esta blishments of the country to its financial condition, that all might fairly meet low prices; and the tenant farmers, notwithstanding all the threats, the coercion, and the intimidation of their landlords, have pro nounced for reduced burthens in returning Mr. Ilsicnow. Therefore does this South Notts election afford a resting-place whereon the wearied politician can reinvigorate himself—a point of departure for great events and mighty changes. The county members now in the House of Com , mons are the retainers of landlordism; on Mr. BisRAELI'S motion they spoke and voted for getting rid of their burthens be shifting them on to other people's shoulders. Mr. BARROW is the tenant krmem choice ; and he talks of reducing every one's burthens. They would rob their neighbours—he would be just to all. Mr. BARROW, may, however, fall into the protec tionist rank and file in the house of Commons. Very likely he will not be able to resist the allurements of party, and will sink into its trickery. Better things are to be hoped of him. But, be it so ; that he does this. The lesson his election teaches will not, there fore, be lost : fur the cause of his lapse will be appa rent enough. Ile is, after all, a squire, full of the great fallacy of his elms—protection. Though he appears to fie in other respects an unusually good specimen of his order, and has been elected Because of political superiority to some of their stupid pre judices, still he may disappoint expectations. But in that case the inference will be irresistible, that protectionist squires are incurably bad politicians. And the hopes of the tenant-farmers must be trans-' ferred from any of their landlords to one of them eaves, Mr. BARROW'S sincerity will, however, be at once put to the test. On Thursday night Sir EDWARD BUXTON moves to raise and keep up the price of sugar, on the ground that Brazil and Cuba still carry on the dace trade ; though the government of Brazil is notorimuly carrying on an active crusade against it. and though Cuba has really ceased to deal in African slaves. Now, if this motion be carried, the —.— farmers of South Nolte will either immediately or very soon have to pay an increased price for tiwir sugar. They have returned Mr. Iltnnow to keep down public taxation. Here is an attempt to keep it up in the worst of all forms. What will Mr.ll.tu now do ?—how will he vote? Let his constituents look to it. South Notts may not in securing its independence base made a first-rate selection; but great is the , gain of independence. In it there is hope, and pro gress, and improvement. Not merelypoliticallv, but tonally. The farmer who votes as he himself thinks is in a much better position to negotiate with a land lord than the farmer who allows his vote to follow his farm ; and whose bad cultivation has hitherto been , tolerated because of his bad vote. The time is past when landlords can afford to trifle with rents by haggling about votes. That was all very well when protection ensured, or was supposed to ensure, high rents. But now, when rents arc falling; when nothing but really good farming will secure mode rate rents; when intelligence and skill and capital in tenants are conditions precedent to fair rents, landlords won't allow their political passions to over come their pecuniary selfishness. They will take a good tenant without his vote, rather titan a bad one with it. Oh ! there is a great change coming. And of it there are, as we foresaw, other symp toms in Bedfordshire. Colonel GILPIN, the protec tionist candidate, is not to be allowed to walk over the ground, as if one-half that county belonged to the tories and the other half to the i)uke of BEDFORD and Mr. WHITBREAD, good men and excellent poli ticians as they are; and the colonel can very ill afford to enter into an expensive contested election. Encouraged by the example of South Notts, the small freeholders of Bedfordshire have brought a free trade tenant farmer to the rescue of their county front dictating landlordism. and a better choice than Mr. Ilorottrox they could not have made. Natu rally enough, the tenant farmers, with their present prejudiees, shrink at first from a free trader; hut courage, Mr. HOUGHTON—courage! Only get them to listen to a few home truths about their land lords, about taxation, about the pernicious effects of the law of distress, and about the delusion party practises on them; and gradually thcir pre judices will yield, their hearts will warm to one of their own duss,until ut last out will come the hearty assent, Dang it, it be truth, after all!" and then the battle is won. They must be talked to, addressed, and reasoned with, and this Mr. HortairroN is just the man to do. What if Mr. Hot GHTON do come from another county? The sea does not divide Bucks from Beds. The line of demarcation between them is an imaginal. one. So is the objection on that score to Mr. HouGarox. But, failing to get or find a proper man in the county, what so natural or so fitting as to step into the next county after one? The qualifications are in the man, not in his resi dence ; in his head. not in his purse; in his courage and capacity, not in his calling. If Mr. Hort:mos be qualified to represent the tenant farmers. the small freeholders, and the little manufacturers of Bedfordshire. what matter, where he comes from ? It may be a pity they have not such a man at home, but that want only increases his value. The tenant fanners of Bedfordshire had better follow the example set them by the tenant farmers of South Notts. It is in their power to give an im petus to agricultural opinion and popular strength, such as even the Reform Bill did not give. They have now an opportunity of achieving independence for themselves, as South . Notts has done, andof giving to their independence a right direction, which South Notts has not done. If they rise to the situation in which they are placed, the beginning of the end will have commenced in the little county of Beds. 'We need not fear for Rutland after that. FATAL RAILWAY ACCIDENT,—As the seven p.m. train from Rugby wit on it. way to Leicester, on Sunday last, one of the tubes of the engine burst. William Wilkin son, the driver, having been before severely scalded from a similar accident, became alarmed, and made hi. escape from the font-plate over the coke to the hack of the tender. when he fi U between that and the adjoining carriage ; but, holding on, he was dragged sixty yards before he loosed his crop, when the back of hi. head was beaten in, and one of hi. hands cut off. Joseph Crowdy, the fireman, missing the deceased, after the first gush of steam from the tube had evaporated. shutoff the steam. reversed the engine, signalled the guard to apply the break, and brought the engine to a stand-still, after proceeding about one mile and • quarter. lie teen sent the under-guard to rUeetorpe, from whence a telegraphic message was . sent to Leicester, for the purpose of obtaining another engine, the train and disabled engine remaining on the line till its arrival. The deceased was one of the Oldest most careful, and steadiest drivers in the , employ of the company. He has left a widow and six AB ' den, but had insured his life for 3001. in the Railway Insurance Company's office. An inquest was held ye:ter day (Monday) morning, at the Bull's Head Inn, Leicester, before Mr. Gregory, on view of the body, when the jury returned a verdict of " Accidental deat h. " - - RITENSME ROBBERY IN GLV , CoW.—The Glasgow Daily Mail states that nearly the whole of the large sum of money (7000, stolen from a mntlon.ui in Glasgow on Monday lad, has been recovered through the ezertioas of the local police. V_ THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 18, 1851. FRANCE. PARIS, MONDAY EVENING., To-day the representatives met in the bureaux to examine the great municipal law. The legitimists are split on the question of complete decentnilization, which is only advocated by the ultras. Berrver'a party will not go the length of Larochejacquelin's partisans, and is not indisposed to accord to the go vernment a certain weight in the nomination of mayors. The divergence of opinions on muniripal institutions, which prevails among the various parties, is likely to cause the failure of the bill. There will be a coalition between the Left and the extreme Right in favour of electoral extension and communal independence in the choice of mayors, hut not suffi ciently strong to put the government in a minority, as last year, on the report of M. Laboulie. 'There is' a strong majority against all amendments which tend to stretch the attributions of the commercial and departmental councils, in order to combat the prepon derant influence of Paris. Narvnez has taken up his quarters at the Hotel Bristol, Place Vendome. The ..Iforosfrar, in detailing the interview of the President with a deputation headed by the Mayor of Arles, for clearing the mouths of the Rhone, adds that Louis Napoleon treated the question with the practical knowledge of a man who had published in London a pamphlet on the various canal schemes for cutting through the isthmus of Panama. This work ' of the President has been recently translated into French, and published in the Berne Britminnine, whose editor, M. Amedee Pichot, was, by the way, i one of the members of the deputation. The Mundeur mentions another scheme, patronised by the Presi den, for encouraging private institutions for breeding the silk-worm with greater rare. The organs of the Assembly are furious at the dis missals' of Gen. Jollier' from the command of a brigade of the army of Paris. The brigade of Gen. Jullien ' was silent on the day of Satory; and the general is known to be a devoted adherent of the sovereign Assembly. The President of the Republic has, therefore, seen fit to replace him by General Her- Won, an officer on whose attachment he can count. It is stated in the Mondeur that General Jullien is placed en rlispolibilile at his own request. This policy of the President in regard to the changes lately made in the organisation of the army has been to break up great commands, to put per -1 anal adherents at the heads of the parcelled divi sions, thus rendered more independent, and brought into immediate relations with the ministry of war. Thus the army becomes, perhaps, less efficient against an entente, but it becomes at the same time a less apt instrument for the designs of a Monk. The 'liners and Changarnier cabal, therefore, watch all such changes w ith the bitter chagrin of men who behold their labours marred and their plans baffled. 'fhe Patric contains a list of twenty-one thorough bred horses, belonging to the President, which are to be sold at the stables of the presidency on the 2fith. Fifteen are English. ' In consequence of the prohibition of the French government, the legation of the Oriental Republic has announced that all enrolments for the formation of a military colony at Monte Video have marred, but that those who have sustained loss by contracting engagements will receive indemnities. Of course, this compensation is imposed by the French govern ment, which, however, leaves to the Oriental em bassy the apparent credit of having volunteered the indemnity. 'The .Issemb/ep ..Vationale having announced, with that singular recklessness of assertion which charac terises this journal of the coalition, that Count Mule had withdrawn from the club of the Rue des Pyra mides, the count has written a letter to say that he never belonged to it. M. Girardin occupies the first page of the Presse with an address to the people of England and to the Ei g overnments of Europe, for the abolition of distress raising wages. Ile tells the people of England t at they must make use of their right of assembling, which they alone of all European peoples enjoy, in order to agitate for the abolition of poor-rates, which he maintains arc an anachronism now that the corn Lacs have ceased to exist, and for the elevation of wages, which ought to be proportioned to the price of the necessaries of life. Ile closes by confiding . to Mr. Cobden the care and the honour of translating this appeal. The Prow infers, from the extraordinary quantity , of French articles of manufacture ordered latterly for English houses, that the fraud of introducing French manufactures under English names into the Great Exhibition will he extensively practised. The funds to-day lost the ground which they had recovered on Saturday. The Fives closed at 1 .16.30, a fall of 25c. upon Saturday. It is certain that the most vigorous remonstrances are being made by the government of the President against the entrance of Austria with all her states into the Germanic Confederation. Nothing is talked of in the diplomatic world, hut protocols, ultimatums, and rains bell with regard to this question . Exten sive changes are contemplated in the diplomatic carps. The tone of the Elysee is warlike; that of the organs of the Assembly vehemently opposed to all demonstrations of energy on the part of the executive. 1 The warlike preparations of Austria in the north of Italy have induced the French government to send by the last steamers from Toulon considerable rein- Creements to the army of Rome, so as to put the ex pedition once more on a war footing. The Union says of the famous loan of Mazzini : "It is at Genoa that his success has been greatest. Piedmont has given him 627,000 fr.• the Roman States, 536,722 fr.; the Two Sicilies, 214,314 fr.: Lombardy, 516,30 fr.; the other petty States, 294,511 fr. The investigation into the Lyons plot bas led to the traces of a vast conspiracy, which pre pared a revolution at Naples and - Rome. This dis covery has led to some arrests at these two places." When Mr. and Mrs. Heald took up their resident* some months ago in the Cite Itcaujon, they com missioned M. Jacquand to paint their portraits on the same canvas, and it was determined that Mr. Heald should be represented at full length, in his uniform as an officer of the guards, offering to his bride, seated on a sofa, a present of jewellery. Just as the paint ing was terminated, M. Jacquand, learning that Mr. Heald had left for England, brought an action against him before the civil tribunal for the price of the picture. Mr. Heald objected to the price (10.000 E) as excessive, and the tribunal directed M. Ingres to examine the painting, and to say what it really was worth. M. Ingres reported that 10,000 fr. was a fair price. On Saturday the matter came before the tribunal for a final decision. M. Jacquand still demanded 10,000fr.,_• but the tribunal, after hearing M. Blancher, fixed the price at 8,000 f., and condemned Mr. Heald to pay that sum. The costs were ordered to be divided between the parties. thank the inexpertness of the Prussian diplomacy, and the absence of honesty and character in the pre sent policy of Prussia, for the result that l'russia assisted the giving up of German fortifications to the Danes; though she had at first resisted, that she assisted in carrying out the stipulations of the London protocol, I against which she had protested ; and that she was herself the bridge across which the Austrians marched to lay the foundation of a paramount influence in the north of Ger many. He knew that it was of no use attempting to carry the question. The government had a subservient majority ' at its elbow, ready to vote as it pleased; hot the constitu tional party 'till deemed it to be their duty to raise their voices against a course of proceedings which must end in the undermining of the last remnants of credit and respect for the government. These are a few of the more salient ' passages in the speech of the noble baron, which is but ill reported in the evening papers. Baron Manteuffel replied, in his usual abrupt and ill tempered manner. It was easy, he said, to give every question a hateful character if this party desirous of doing PO were possessed of the necessary powers of speech. The president of the ministry took advantage of the expres sion used by Baron Ar n im re sp e cti n g th e short-sightedness and inexpertness of the Pruasion diplomacy, to taunt him with having been the originator of the contest in Sehlesn ig Holstein, and with having caused loss and suffering to the Baltic provinces, from which they had not yet recovered. Baron Munteuffel then made a very lame attempt to be ha moumus, which failed entirely, and concluded by assuring the house that the government had united with Austria to pre serve peace and order and the rights of Germany, and were determined to do so. The remainder of the debate is so imperfectly reported that I must reserve it until to-morrow. It concluded (as you know) with a division, by which the reecommendatitm of the committee to proceed to the order of the day, was carried by a majority of 73 to 11. Manteuffel leaves for Dresden to-morrow, accompanied by the baroness and his brother. Prince Sehwarsenberg will arrive at Dresden in the course of the day. I understand that the latter statesman has not yet resolved entirely on giving up his plan for the eleven votes in the Engere Rath, and that the chief purpose of his meeting with Manteuffel on the present occasion is to induce him to consent to piossad with the reconstruction of the Con . federation without the minor states. l'he opposition , of these assumes greater intensity as time passes, for though directly they have received no assurances of sup port from Prussia, indirectly their protests have been encouraged, and I have heard it asserted that the Prussian plenipotentiary himself has been actively engaged, under ' the rose, in Isis inclividu capacity, I suppose, in , investigating them. Schwarzenberg now wishes to proceed without them, and leaving them to them selves, to shew them how weak and absurd all their 1 efforts must be, if Austria and Prussia are unites'. They certainly will look very ridiculous if the confederation Ise reconstructed, and its legislative and executive organs . reinstalled without their assistance,. but lam not so certain that it is pouible. Nor is it to be relied on that the four kingdoms will unhesitatingly consent to such a proceeding. At all events, the degree of strength and cordiality of union between Austria and Prussia will now be put to a , mure decisive test. EGYPT. A telegraphic despatch, dated Vienna, Feb. 14, says : " The latest news from Egypt have an extraordi nary importance. The Porte has made categorical demands on the Viceroy, with which he has refused to comply. Instead of reducing his army to 20,000 men the Viceroy has ordered new levies of 40,0410 men for the land and 15,000 for the sea force. Ile ' will resist the pretensions of the Sultan, if necessary, jwith arms." UNITED STATES. We give a few additional items of news from the American papers : One hundred and twenty-three lives were lost in consequence of the steamer John Adams having struck a snag in the Mississippi. The cabin parted from the hull, and the latter went down • m about sixty feet of water. She had about ninety or one hundied deck passengers, a few of whom only were saved. The cabin, in breaking front the hull, separated in the middle, which doubtless was the cause of many of the cabin passengers saving their lives. The ladies in the cabin were all saved. After guttering many hours in the water, they were enabled to get ashore. The forward portion a the cabin, in cluding the fixtures, floated down to the head of Island Eighty-Three, where it grounded. About' three o'clock nt the afternoon, the steamboat Pcytona came along, and took the passengers on board from that part of the wreck. }rum thence the Peytona proceeded with all possible haste to the other portion of the wreck, where she took all on board, with the exception of Captain Jones and his family, Mr. Wil son, the mate, and a few others. Owing to the early hour at which the John Adams sunk, almost every one was asleep, and it being so sudden, few were able to get sufficient clothing to cover themselves, and many of them are indeed in a most destitute condition. The deck passengers were Californians, and German and Irish emigrants, who were going to Cincinnati._ _ The New York legislature at Albany had taken several bullotain order to elect a United States sena tor, but none had been successful. In Congress no proceedings of interest had taken place. The Cali fornia Land-title Bill was ordered to be printed, in pretty much the same form in which it was intro dueea. . . The Constitutional Convention of Indiana has, by a decisive vote, excluded negroes and mulattoes from hereafter settling in that state. It has further de cided that all contracts with such persons shall be void; that any one employing them, or encouraging them to remain in the state, shall be liable to a fine of from 10 to CAM) dollars ; and that such fines shall be applied towards the gradual colonisation of the negroes now in the state. This article is to be sub mitted to a separate vote of the people. The population of the state of New York by the new census will vary very little from 3,100,000 — probably ranging a few hundreds under that amount. It is generally conceded that the total representative population of the United States (composed of all the " free persons" and three-fifths of " all other per sons") will range somewhere from 22,000,000 to 23.300,000. The Num York Sun says—" We have received the following information from a. correspondent in Wash ington, upon whose statements we can place full re liance Sir H. Bnlwer has addressed a letter to Mr. Webster, in which he states that the Clayton treaty had no reference whatever to the Mosquito "protectorate," and that it has left entirely untouched the English occupation of San Juan de Nicaragua. This letter Mr. ebster has laid before the comuiit tee of foreign relations.' " The New lurk Herald says :—" That Mr. Chat field has been recalled by the British government. The fact was not generally known at Nicaragua:' BUENOS AYRES.—Bv the American mail we have accounts from Buenos Ayres to Dec. 12, which state that there was some prospect of an amicable settlement of the troubles between that country and Brazil. There had been a conflict between the forces of Parapar and those of Buenos Ayres relative to the occupancy of some neutral lands by the forces of the latter. The Paraguay troops, 800 strong, were dispersed. The British Packet, in its monthly re trospect, says that the country is just recovering from the ill effects of the prolonged war—large quan tities of provisions from the hack country had come in to be forwarded to Europe and this country. The finances of the state were said to be in an encourag ing condition. Zbe Court. The Queen and Prince Albert, accompanied by their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales and the Princess Royal, went to Kew Gardens yesterday morning, attended by Lord Charles Fitzroy and Lieut.-Colonel lion. Alexander Gordon. Her Majesty and the Prince returned to Buckingham Palace at half-past 12 o'clock. Lord John Russell had an audience of her Majesty yts tcrilay. His Royal Highness Prince Albert, attended by Lieut. Colonel Hon. Alexander Gordon, honoured the British Institution in Pall-mall, with a visit yegerdav afternoon. The Queen had a dinner party yesterday at . Buckingham Palace. The company included the Duchess of Kent, his Racal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, the Archbishop of York, and the Hon. Mrs. Musgrave, the Duke of Devon shire, Lady Fanny Howard, Baroness de Speth, Earl Grey, and Lady Alice Lambton, Lord George Lennox, Sir George Cooper, and Baron Knesebeck. The Duchess of Kent, attended by Baroness de Speth, went to Claremont yesterday morning to pay a visit to the Countess de Naliklay and family. Her Royal Highness re. Aimed to town-Whe afternoon. Mr. Bnrthwick bad an interview with the Chancellor of the Exchequer yesterday at his official residence, Downing street, and presented memorials from 1.5 places, signed by 1,109 householders, praying for the repeal of the paper duty. ljespatehes were received yesterday at the Colonisd-offiee from the Governor of Gibraltar. SUICIDE OF MR. KNONCLES. This morning on inquest was held at No. 20, Grosvenor-square, before Mr. Bedford, to inquire into the circumstances attending the death of E. F. Knowles, Esq., aged .11, late commissary-general of the forces in the West Indies, who committed suicide by swallowing a quantity of prussic acid. Mr. Brace stated that he was the private solicitor of the deceased, and hut known him for the last 1i years. Witness saw him in October last, shortly after his arrival in England from the West Indies. Ile complained of illness and depression of spirits. lle had been in the West Indies for nine years, and went to Canada fur the purpose of im proving his health. lie became worse, and was compelled to resign his office and return to this country. H. Hatchet said he was butler to Mrs. (haling, who was the sister of Mr. Knowles. Deceased had been staying with his sister on a visit for the last three months. During that time he was frequently low and desponding. Witness last ,saw him on Sunday night, and he appeared in his usual health. He went to bed about half-past 10 o'clock, and shortly after nine o'clock the next morning witness found him lying its his bed quite dead. The deceased's daughter was burned to death about three months since, and it appeared to affect his mind. A son of the deceased also died about live years since, and latterly his only son had left England and had gone to Sierra Leone, where his brother had died. This so affected his mind that he said, a few nights since, that if any person should in form him that his son had died he should dmp down dead. Miss Goulstone, niece to the deceased, said she found a lame bottle, which bad contained prussic acid. She also Mond letter in his handwriting. The letter was in effect that he intended to destroy himself, and that if he did not, he should be soon in a madhouse; that he was suffering from some organic desease, which had caused him to labour under strong deprt•ssion of spirits. The witness said he had made up his accounts at the Treasury, and that his pecu niary affairs were not at all embarrassed. Mr. Davis, a surgeon, proved that the deceased had died from the effects of prussic acid, and that he must hare swallowed a large quantity. The jury, after a short consultation, returned a verdict of " Temporary insanity." LONDON AND SOUTH WESTERN RAILWAY. It appears from the accounts of this company to the 31st of l)ecember, 18.50, that the amount received on capital account to that date was 8,329,1011., including 2,013,036/. received on debentures. and the amount expended 8,393,6951., leaving a balance against the company of 61,591/. The amount expended on the 242 miles of the main line ;mil branch lines open for traffic was 6,477,327/., including 78,583/. expended on them during the past half year. 11w engines and carriages are stated to hate cost 5,51,1561, including 4,082/. expended on them during the past half year. The amount expended on lines in which the company have an interest appears to be 268,9131., including 50,000/. to the South Western Steam Packet Company. tinder the head of lines suspended 1,087,9981. appears to have been expended. This sum includes an item fur interest of 211,6671. The payments on capital account during the past six months amount to 118,4181., from which is deducted 10,293/. for rails sold during the half-year, making the net amount ex pended 106,125/. The total share capital, irrespective of preference stock, is stated to be 7,431,0.501., of which 6,623,888/. is entitled to dividend; 460,1211., shares in the hands of the company ; 335,11.10/., amount uncalled on 501. and 401. shares; andl4,loof. oil non-converted Gosport shares. The debenture bonds outstanding to the 31st Dec. amount to 2,013,0381., of which 870,127/. is borrowed at 5 per cent.; 213,0101. at 41 per cent.; 62,0001. at 41 per cent.; 611,8001. at 31 per cent.; 42,0001. at 31 percent. ; and 181.1001. at 3 per cent. The burrowed money on the 31st of December last was 60,500/. less than on the 30th of June, 1840. The revenue account fur the half-year ending the 31st Dec. last showed that 308,436/. had been received, and 127,226/. ex pended, including 9,4641. for rates and taxes, and 8,1221. government duty, leaving a balance of 181,2101., from e.hich is deducted 46,8434 for interest on debentures and preference stock, leaving 134,3671. ; to this sum is added 1,869/. surplus from last dividend, making the net sum ap plicable to dividend of 136,136/., deducting 132,4771., the amount of a 2 per cent. dividend for the half-year, would leave 3,753/. to the credit of the next account. The working expenses appear to be 41.66 per cent, of the gross receipts, including 4.76 per cent. for rates and tuxes and government duty. The calls in smear on the new 501. and 401. share* amount to 13,8981., and on the third shares to 151,9511.—together 105,819/.—of which 122,9031. is stated to be optional, leaving 42,9451. non-optional. With reference to the directors' estimate of the probable cost of completing the various linos and works of the company, they consider that the detailed calculations have been framed with great care, and they have not found during the course of their audits for the year just ended that the payments have exceeded what has been anticipated to any very material extent. The estimates were based on a future contemplated outlay of 840,8501., reducible by the sums to he realised from surplus property sold. The amount received from this source during the year 1850 was 17,6531., which sum has been carried to the credit of the rails and chairs acenunt, and of the various lines pre viowsly charged with the cost of the pmpertv disposed of. The total sum expended during the year le/0 amounted to 280,2311., of which 172,1091. was expended to the 30th of June. ANTICIPATED IfESIGNATION OF Tilt: LORD ADVO CATE.—We understand that since the Lord Advocate's re moval to Edinburgh, the dangerous symptoms of his ma lady have not in any degree diminished, and an immediate resignation of his important of f ice is exceedingly probable. —Daily Mail. . . SUNDAY TRADING.—The bill now in the House of Commons, brought forward by Mr. W. Williams to prevent unnecessary trading on Sunday within the metropolitan po lice district and the City of London, Wilt printed on Satur day. According to the bill Sunday trading is to cease by 9 o'clock on Sunday, and goods exposed to sale may be seized. It is proposed that the measure shall come into operation on the Ist Nov. next. NEW BILL RELtTING To Hoes.—Yesterday was issued a bill to regulate the collection of hope and the payment of duty thereon. OPENING OP THE WESTERN AREA OF ST. PAL'L'S CHURCHTAUD TO THI PUBLlC.—Yesterday morning tho area in front of St. Paul's Cathedral at the top of Ludgate hill was opened to the public by order of the Dean and Chapter. Many persons availed themselves of the privi lege of walking within the enclosure, and of inspecting at leisure the elaborate details of the noble structure. Three gates are thrown open for the ingress and egress of visitors, ' and two policemen barn been appointed to keep order. The narrow end of the wedge has thus been inserted through the agency of Mr. Barber, of St. Paul's-churchyard, and it is to be hoped that eventually the whole of the area, as pro by that gentleman, will be opened to the public, pro nosed e c ut.,tr ia n and pedestrian. THE PACKETS TO THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.— The Hellespont, belonging to the General Screw Steam-ship Navigation Company, 560 tons burden, commanded by Captain Watts, arrived at Plymouth op T hursday mo rn i ng , at us o'clock, took her station at Millbag-pier, and sailed on Saturday, at noon, with the mails for the Cape de Verde Island:, sierra Leone, and the Cape of Good Hop e • she also carried out a valu able cargo, five passengers, and eleven thousand pounds in specie. It is reported that the enter prising company to whom this ship belongs, have had the keels of seven screw steam-vessels laid down for this line ; the tonnage of each is to he from 1,200 to 1,600 tons. The Bosphorus, the first steam er f rom Plymouth to the Cape, is expected at Plymouth, on he r re t urn voyage, about the first day of March. m.Three of lu t • o otfiaepl ap pe a r a w ere A RIOT took place on S a t ur d ay n i g ht i n A t h o l - Street, Liverpool, b e t we e n a body of navvies and six police dpoenligceerucousurtly wounded, iretzt ounde z d, and dn were uo e" at the against six of the rioters who had since been appre h SOUTH NOTTINGHAMSHIRE ELECTION. TILE OFFICIAL DECLARATION. NEWARK, MONDAY EVINING. The official return of the numbers polled on Friday and Saturday, for the two eandiduten for the repre . _ . sentation of South Nutt', was made at the hustings in front of the Guildhall, in this town, to-day at 11 o'clock. It was as followft : MR. DARROW. LORD Nr.WARD. Ilingham I.kt.t Leake Lowaham Newark 304 269 southwell Buttuwou-Trent 1,193 1,182 Majority for Mr. Barrow ll anouncement was received with loud cheers. Idr. Barrow, the successful candidate, and Lord Newark then addressed the electors, and the proceedings terminated at 1 o'clock. REPRESENTATION OF BEDFORDSHIRE. BEDFORD, MoxnAT Evrsixo. This morning, at an early hour, the town was in a state of most unusual excitement, and it appeared as if about to he the scene of an old-fashioned election, rather than of one of those quiet affairs in connexion with the county re presentation which have been witnessed here of late years. By ten o'clock there were large arrivals from the county, and the space in front of the Shire l(all was quite filled, as well as the hall itself. The sheriff opened the proceedings, but not a word of his remarks was heard: the demand for adjournment was almost universal. The proclamation for silence had not the slightest effect; so the sheriff, after the writ had been read, adjourned the meeting to the open square, where some waggons were placed. Each candidate was loudly cheered as he appeared. The lion. GEO. RICE TREVOR, M.P., having re minded the electors of the cause of their meeting together that day, said he was sum they would join with him in do ing justice to the character and qualities of their late excellent representative, Lord Alford. (Hear.) In his death all elass.es had lost a friend—one who had earned for himself the title of an honest country gentleman—and one who had the prosperity of all classes in the country at heart. Ile was snatched away at a time when fortune showered on him a large inheritance which, had he been spared, would have been employed for the benefit of all around him. (Cheers.) This was the first opportunity he (Mr. Trevor) had ever embraced of addressing the freeholders at a Bed ford election, hut he felt it was a duty he owed to take a part at this time, feeling it was no ordinary time when they were called upon to appoint a _successor to the late excellent nobleman: that dots' he felt he should best perform if ho proposod to them Colonel Richard Thomas Gilpin. (('beers, and " No, no.'') They had all an opportunity of knowing what the candidate was, for he had passed his life amongst them and was personally known to the great body of the electors. (Cheers, and cries of " No.") Well, he might not be so well known to some gentlemen in the waggon opposite, for they were comparatively strangers to the county. (Laughter, and cries of" We wou t him. " ) his opinion was that nothing but a return to protective policy fur every class would produce the effect the agriculturists desired, and to that he considered them entitled. The desired—(a Voice, "a cheap loaf")—that was all very well, but they must have wages to buy it. Their object was to prevent the English farmer being driven to unequal eons petiti,n with the threigner. (('heers and hisses.) As a representative who has sympathies with the suffering claw, he knew no one whom he should so confidently propose as the gentleman whose name he had already submitted to theni. ((Loud chee•rs.) Mr. LIM/SELL, of Biggleswade, hanker, Peconded the nomination in a speech of considerable length. Be bore testimony to the high character and goal qualities of the gallant colonel, who, he said, was no now seeking the gra tification of personal ambition, but obeying an Invitation emanating front the most influential in the county. .......—.... Mr. eaATTimoRE, the free trade farmer, the - n rose and proposed John Boughton, Eq., as a tit person to re present the county. Ile commented at some length on the Imperfections of our representative system, und the inequa lity of taxation. He proposed now to the fanners of Bed fordshire a man of their own class, which was what they had never keel in parliament. He contended that such practical men were required in the House of Commons; and then pointed out the insecurity of the tenant fanners' position, and contended that the only mown why agriapd tore did not Nourish like other trades was, because it was on the w g basis. Upon the subject of t,-cant-right ho entered ut length, showing that the farmer was not in a right position, and that upm this, as well as other subjects, it was necessary for them to have men of their own class to represent them. It was because he believed Mr. Houghton would better represent the middle and industrious classes than would Cul. Gilpiu that he proposed him. (Cheers.) Mr. WILLIS, of Luton ' straw manufacturer, in second ing the nomination of Mr.lloughton, said they had not the landed interest of the county at their back; it was entire a contest of the people against the aristocracy, and thW would never cease until victory crowned their efforts. (Cheers.) No county was more thoroughly under the power of au oligarchy than Bedfordshin.s but the time was not far distaut when the people would speak out upon it ; and on all great occasions when they had spoken out they were not powerless. (Hear ' hear.) Ile contended that the who nominates' Co lonel Gilpiu, so far from being the friends of the en alitution, were violating the spirit of it; but in future it would not be left to the Duke of Bedford and Earl De Grey to say who should represent the county. Having pointed out the necessity for radical reform, he contended that, to effect it, the people should stud to parliament suelt men as Mr. Houghton. Colonel GILI'IN having paid a tribute to the late representative, said, he came forevant in obedi ence to requisition s from almost every parish in the county, and signed by persons of many opinions. Ile made some observations about the malt tax, but would nut directly pledge himself upon it. He next proceeded to show that the farmer was most unfairly pressed with the property tax, being made to pay upon his positive losses. He was at a loss to know how the minister could wok for a renewal of that tax, and hoped the house would not grant it. (hear.) They were told that no Class except farmers were now suffering ' • but he heard from a large contractor that he could get 100 good labourers at low wages any morning and in Mr. Houghton's own county the wages round Aylesbury were shout M. per week. In reply to some questions, the colonel declined to pledge himself to vote for the extension of the suffrage as desired by gentlemen opposite, and he was met by a cry that he wanted to keep down the people. 1k denied, however, that he had such intentions, and said it was the country gentlemen who caused an inquiry into the condi tion a the factory children, and not the Manchester school ; so that the country would judge who eared most for the people. With regard to the reduction of taxation, hn would vote for such us was consistent with the security of our institutions. He expressed himself as a warm friend of the established church, and decidedly opposed to the late proceeding of the I'ope, and attached to that constitution which had long been the admiration of the world. (Cheers.) Mr. HOUGHTON earns terward, nnd was received with loud cheers from his friends, but hisses from the protec tionists, who kept up a running tire throughout his speech. In apologising 'lncoming fur-wane as ri candidate, he said every honest Mall had a right to the highest honours of his coun try, and he repudiated the charge that by 'AI doing he had been guilty of an aggression, as he haul been meow.' by Mr. Trevor. Ile considered it an insult to the great in terest of which he was a member—the tenant farmers of ' England—that every kind of candidate but one of their 01171 class was found for them. Feeling that he hail ventured to appear in this county to give the farmers an opportunity of electing one of their class if they thought proper—(mnd noise).—be would explain why he had met with opposition from some of the formers—because he had abandoned the fiats of protection. (Cheers and Weals) If any one still told them it would ever be re-enacted he bamboozled them. ' If they now thought that they would ever get it back ho would tell them how to go to work. Let them open a shop in Manchester and call it the Bread Tux Committee ' • let them hold large meeting", get the Free Trade-hall well filled with people, and get petitions signed by 50,000 names. Let them do the same thing at Leeds, Sheffield, Liverpool, the West Riding; and as the present members would not present such petitions, let them find others who would, and then, perhaps, they might get the tax again. But what good could they do with a small room in Bond street, hole-and-corner meetings,and petitions that were put under the table of the house as soon as they were pre sented 1 (Laughter and cheers.) As far as his interest and property were concerned, he did not wish for the repeal of the corn laws ; but he looked at the masses of the people. The landlords knew as well he did the impossibility of ever reimposing the tax ; and when they saw things so dead against them, so men and Englishmen, he said, let them turn their attention to something else, and see if they could not get other measures of practical relief from the House of Commons. If they were to have cheap corn, they must have cheap taxation ; they must have the laws affeeting the landed interest altered. These were practical questions that must be brought forward and receive a practical and constitutional solution. Ile upbraided the farmers with their supineness in allowiug the present surplus in the Chancellor of the Exchequer's hands to slip away and be ' expended for sanitary purposes. He coincided with Colonel Gilpin in the unjust operation of the income tax. Ile con tended for the expediency of reducing the present qua lification for a vote m an occupying tenant, as in the ease of Ireland. He explained his views upon ' church rates and a variety of other subjects, and concluded a very lengthened address by expressing a hope that the ' verdict of the constituency would be given in his favour. The HIGH SHERIFF then took the show of hands, and not being satisfied with his first estimate of the strength of Colonel Gilpin's party, he called for a second display • thereof, after ivhich, without taking •scrond demonstration of Mr. Houghton's supporters, he decided, though with • strong doubts as to the accuracy of his estimate, that the show of hands was in favour of Colonel Gilpin. Then commenced a scene of the greatest exeit H ll o ig ug h hto Sh n eri w ir ho w w as ish l ed oudi t y o a w re ith ed draw of fr P o a m rt th il F itlitß :4M t overwhein;ed with intreaties to open the county pa the poll. T. 4 • • . Afters great deal of persuasion he consented' .pi • self i on n th wt e t h e a c il thas i s o , f ,b hiL in f r ri . L e fi te x, , ted l i , , , ut es eor ho ta •il ,,p l la t h a c k de e; ino t := le ss o ppecns next. '' ic(t cl S.ll I - i GERMANY. Our Berlin correspondent writes as follows : BERLIN, FEB. 15. The debate on the Schleswig-Holstein question today was a most animated one. . . -- _ The motion calls on the government to protect the rights of the duchies, accuses the Comm curies of having exceeded their instructions, and condemns the tulmission of the Danes into the Crown work of Rendsburg and into Friedrichsort ; it was introduced by Baron Arnim, who was Minister of Foreign Affairs in I§lB, and who was the main promoter of the Prussian policy at that period. A committee was ap- Our :Montreal correspondent writes as follows: pointed a fortnight . ago to examine and report upon the MONTREAL, J. 31. I motion. I summarised their report on V. ednestLy. It The question of reciprocity with the United States recommends the house to pass to the order of the day. has been again revived in this province, and Mr. Hinds., The debate was commenced this morning by the reading Inspector General (Chancellor of the Exchequer), as you of this report. Baron Arnim then ascended the tribune, and may be aware, has been some time at Washington, with a attacked the policy of the government in a most effective view of inducing the American government to pus a red niiross, which met with the frequent applause of a crowded preitv bill. fir. Ilineks has addressed a letter to the base. He declared that the Crown works of Reudshurg, Hon. Mr. M'Lean, chairman of the congressional committee and that Friedriehsort had been surrendered to the ,on commerce, which has been published in the newspapers, Danes, contrary to the instructions of the commissaries of and recopied by all the Canadian ones. I state this as it is Prussia and Austria. and contrary to their distinct arm , an . in da teres . tine letter, ugnadicatiinonvofffectth,e threatens hset of p r u e b udi lic ati o gn ini i o n n the in ances to the Statthulterschaft of the Duchies, that they had Canada . further promised, provided the Duchies gale way to the shape of discriminating duties, and a refusal to grant to demands of the confederation without any resistance, that , American vessels the free navigation of the St. Lawrence. neither Austrian nor Fru-elan troops should enter Holstein. A notice was given at the last session of our parliament, by The character under which they had entered Holstein did not Mr. Robinson, one of the ex-ministry, to the effect that he affect the promise of the commissaries. He considered that would more at the commencement of the next union for the Prussian commissioner, haying so flagrantly broken his I leave to introduce a bill to impose discriminating duties on plighted word, and having further exceeded his instruc. r American imports should reciprocity on their part be in the eons, ought to be recalled , and the rati fi cation of the con- , meantime refused. Mr. Mocks i n . his letter alludes to this vention concluded by him refused by the government. Was notice, holding it out as part of his threat to Mr. M'Lean. it right or just that the Dines should be left to regulate the I think it is very doubtful if the American government frontier question by themselves ? That was the case. The will pass this reciprocity bill. I see that some of the lead proclamation of the Danish general, Baggescn, had jug wMg papers are strongly against the project. been agreed to by the comminaries, and the ; Some of these contend they should have the free rights of the duchies, clear as they_ were, were ' navigation of the St. Lawrence as a natural right; and disregarded and outraged by the very powers who I that this has always been claimed on the part of the Ame bad on d er t o k,,,, to protect them, Both the great rine government. They lay it down as a principle held ' powers of G. ninny had been gnay of great tr.. aehery in , by all writers on international law, that the inhabitants of the north ; but Prussia was degridea to the dust, %hilt the ' the upper part of a navigalde stream bare a right ti the rnal power, Austria, suffered no evil consequences from her I free navigation of its mouth. Not to take up time to dis til-faith. Austria was consistent, but the country had to miss the justice of this theory, but granting it, the Aracri- CANADA. cans would find the Falls of Niagara and the rapids be tween Kingston and Montreal rather lianl navigation. And surely, they would hardly consider our canals as common property to which they have a natural right. But however all this may be, I am by no means sure of the soundness of the policy of closing our waters to the western trade. In I any event we need that trade to pass through those waters for many reasons, and it is useless to deny, or to attempt to conceal from the Americans, that it was for this purpose the canals were mainly constructed. The interest of the debt incurred for their construction is burdensome to the province, and we want the tolls of the western trade to pay it. It is not by prohibiting American vessels that the Welland can compete with the Erie canal. The present import trade Irani the United States now amounts to 2,000.000 dols. At the present time the scale of duties is the EOM on both American and English im ports into l'anaila. Our export trade to the States, as I have previously shown you. is also increasing. The imports at this port exclusively it appears by late Cllll. tom House returns amounted to 1,7:32,99 a. The exports to 437,4481.