The Express. — London, England, 1847-01-01 00:00:00

M i CHRISTMAS HOLIDAYS. POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.- 1 PROFESSOR 'CHO:MOAN'S GUN-COTTON, end other Compounds, with brilliant Experiments, Emend oe by Dr. Rpm, daily, at half past three o'clock, sad en the Evenings of Seedsm, end Fridays. The pried*, of the mie o ns lt ON tenc TELEGRAPH/ eipialred ailly % ma ls Ibehltallerw, Including the patent et Misses Oink mg lAA* le Is en oe the Railway* awl eke awe seal Pliwans. Sege roil Gamble. lite Melons Medi 2= ef DISEASED POTATO= MICROSCOPE, with the Dtetrwitire Insect, supposed by A. la" Lg., P. 11.0., to be the anew of the Moaner. Aleautitul eras et MEW DISSOLVING VIEWS. The DIVINO-RELL and DMA with Experiment& The PHYSIOtIOOPE, New CRUD MA TROPE, &a Sw.—Admirelon, Is.; &boob, balf-price. LONDON MECHANICS' INSTITUTION.- ELECTRICITY.—II. M. NO, Esq., will maturate a course of lectures an FRICTIONAL ELECTRICITY, THIS EVENING, January Ist, et tulf.plist Eight precisely. ttrabscripUon, t per quarter, with 2s. W. entrance: single lecture Gaeta, 61. tad,. Trospeetuers, COln.Litting particulars, may be obtained at the Library of the Institution, soutbamptm•Euildings, Chancery-lane. A. M'FARLANE. Beeeetary. SAINT JAMES'S ASSEMBLY-ROOMS, late CROCKPORDIt. —Oa TUESDAY, the Rh last, the Find of A series 0( nI.7BSCRIFTION BALLS will take piece, and will commence at Nine, ex. The woad will take place on THURSDAY, the 7th, and on everyMONDA and THURSDAY after, Rout thalamic/. In amber be anivey an idea lithe macrame. at this *egad adobe Umiak le Mealy awswary to state that the ageratloas alert alas mite of room devoted to Ogee Balls end upwards of 99,0061. *rub less of expeeae. the whale Ire ban neliel lobs original apbedour. The c.d..n ttr Mna egawersetall a as la nowise to lsde the carnmententice between the salosel. The bead will main dap wards of thirty inhere of provarlial MIA mil will be earthieleil by DubrouiL Refreshments is misty will be weed Is • beautiful apartment, keel with Ms Rapper, ocesieting of every deltecy in semen, will IN preelded M the saloons adjoining the antrancs-hulf. The etrictewt imam. adll be edopead in ord. to alder the whole aerial select; rid the Maher at *Worthen will be hired. TEe.ubcripthn win be sellthees:—Yer • only, M any one dine I s. ; doulthetheithth Mr a lady wad dank- Man, Is. at, which will be noting at nal et the Meowing tousle railer, and libraries, wh're really Moth may sisals had:—Messrs. Cramer n ReAle, 201, Regent Mr, Alksoft, 13..4 Mr. Chappell, 110, New liond-qmet; Ventura. Mt. /tried; Mr. !mti, lAllifrAte bill ; Mr. Prow., 4R, Chenpaide; Mr. Plural, 30, at. Forts Churchyard; J. A. Turoar, 19, Poultry ; Me ars. Ebers and Co., 27, Old Boodetreet ; Wien. Lemke and 61, New Nondelrest ; Mr. OWeler, 41, New liondecreet ; also at . Clothes ogre, 53, Sk Jun.'s-street, adjoining the entablishment GRAND HARMONIC HALL - GRAPES TAVERN, Southwest Bridge-rtha. Bodwilfh. licriscd pursuant to Act of Parliament. Proprietor, Mr. B. PRF.ECE.-0 PEN EVERY IfIGHT.—IMMENSE ATTRACTION.—Most extraordinery and un equalled Company of Vannes and Dancers the whole combined loaning an evenine• entertainment of • most plowing description. Piret appearance of Americus Harlow, whom novel performance hes been nightly hailed with .boors of applause. Real Life in America introducing the now and Dames es gm= by the Niggers on the &suasion grounds, accompanied by the Banjo, Canoe kld,tie, Tambo, bc. That excellent comic Mr. W. Warde, will introduce, each evening, &variety of (Sink Mildew, Droll Inventions, Sketches of Eccentric Characters, and new Conk . written by himself. Mr. Charles Sloman, the ally English Impeoefmtae, is engaged at this establishment, and win appear on Moods, test—Doors open at Seven, the Concert to commence at half-pest Mesmerist Director, Mr. W. Weeds, whose Benefit Is fixed for Wedniedey next, January 6, 1847. AURENT'S CASINO, at the ROYAL ju ADELAIDE GALLERY, still =Unmet to be the magnet of at traction, nightly luring its habitue§ within that marlanom the POLKA, and each vortex of the mazy dance. Grand Tamil and In eblunentsl Concert. The celebrated LANTL'M ETHIOPIAN BEIIV— NADER'S whose pm romances have created the most perfect furore to the protium*, and which have been pronounced by the musical world to to moividied. The tone of the Lantern is as pleareng as it la ravel. Theme Rabid, minstreas will glve • MORNING ENTERTAIN.. NEXT at the Casino each day at Three o'clock, and in the Evening Will again appear after the cencert.—Dotes open at Seven o'c lo ck; performooore teradaste at batt-psst Erne. Adutimicie, Is. E'RENCH PLAYS.-PERLET'S FINAL PER FORMANCES and FAREWELL BENEFIT.—TO-NIGHT, LE ANT.--MONDAY NEXT, U COUCIIER DU SOLEIL.— WED NESDAY, hi. FAREWELL BENEFIT. when will be given, for that night only, MoliOre's celebrated p.ay or L'AYARE.—FRIDAY, Jan. X positively his last appearance, on which occasion be will per form in three poputir characters. Mr. Frederic Lemaitre and MdUr. Oariase will appear et the rime of Pellet's engagement. Boxes end Stalls at Mitchell'', Royal Library, SI, Old Bond:tree, and at the Box-offler. TiHEA'IRE ROYAL, ADELPHI. Glorious Christy,. Amusement—Unequaled -4u Novel as Grand.— del hit of the new splendid Romantic Drama of " Colombo, the Corsican S ger." The wonder of the age, the celebrated " Entord knouts.," eel the megnillort Fairy Spectacle. founded on Gleam, of the " Phantom It —THIS EVENING, and during the week, the suesemful new Romantic Drama of COLGMB k. the CORSICAN SISTER, by Ne u .. Howe, Lambert, Selby, Wright, P. Bedford, 0. Smith. Madame Celeste, Mra. Yates, aad Mind Woolen, With the celebrated Enturtilationiets, tr. J. Lee, end his three Pupils, who will exhibit their wonderful JEUX GYMNASTIQUES. And THE PIIANTOX DANCERS, or the Wills Bride. Gillette, lisdante Celeste. PAN'TOMIMES.-PRIVATE BOXES at Drury - Lute, Haymarket, Princom's, Adelptd, Lyceum, and all the minor Theatre., either for Lipp or small parties, to las had on the most reamaable terms, at ANDREWS' Library, 167, New fiond-street. Private Roam and Stolle for the French Plsys and Ethiopian Sere naders, at the St. Jsme.'., Theatre; also, Family Ticket. for the Coloansim. ANDREWS' library, 167, New Bood4treet (adjoining the Clarendon Hotel.) - 5 he ppreMS. The West India mole, Including those kir Meniteo, Hondurae, and the Elavannah, will be made up on the morning of the 2nd January (to-morrow). Tb, overland emits for Gibraltar, Maltit,Oweers, the lonian Islands, Aden, Ceylon, ludh, Hong-Kong, and China, sir Soutnammon, ale up on the evening of the Ind Jannary (to-morrow). The math. for Brtti.b North America, Berm ud a, and the United Staten will be made up on the evening of the Ith January. The melt, for the Bruits, the River Plate, Monte Video, Pernam buco, Bahia, Maletra, and Buenos Ayres, will be dispatches' on the evening of the 4th January. The overland closed mails, Ma Marseilles, to the Mediterranean, Egypt, Aden, Ceylon, India, licing Kong, he, will be made up on the enening of the 7th January. The mails fur Vigo, Oporto, Lichen, dfadeirs, Cadie, end Gibraltar, will be made up on the morning of the 7th January. The mails for New South Wale., Van Diemen* Land. end New Zesiend will be made up on the evening of the Slat January. TO CORRESPONDENTS. We cannot nodes, in say way, any eommonicstion that is sent to us anonymously ; but those whoeboose to oddrem us to confidence vrlll End thei r coot Wen** respected. NEITHER CAN WE UNDERTAKE TO RETURN ANT MANUSCRIPTS WRATEVER. •.• Advertisements intended far TA* Rowers, Londonevening paper, must be at the Oflion by Two o'clock on the day of publioation. HIGH WAWA AT LONDON-MID:AL Tens tIAT. —Horning, 42 Mill. pea t ; Afternoon. 6 palm pent L To-Moititow—Mcenleg. is rate. pet 2; Afternoca, 47 min. lost 3. LONDON, FRIDAY, JAN. 1. Wnrriren the retrospect which is so naturally taken at the commencement of a new year, be mea sured by that space, by generations, or by centnri es, such views, at the present moment, however chequered by shadows and by sorrow, are, on the whole, lit up with satisfaction and hope. The world, and our world especially, is in decided progress, marching from the accomplishment of one great idea to that of another, and developing the freedom, the prosperity, the security, the intellect, and necessarily the happiness of the human race. If ay look back three hundred years, we find HENRY TRX EIGHTH on his death-bed, after having planted the tree of the Reformation, and broken the dogme of the Church's infallibility and enpremacy. A century nearer to ns,lhe " divine right" of kings is undergoing the same discomfiture at the hand of CROVIERLL : 1748 is marked by Culloden. The pro minent points and epochs of our history show strong and indisputable progress. When - England has r ed, it was u b t to make the bolder leap. hre a l i rne conclusion will be come to by looking at the last quarter of a century. About five-and-twenty years back, the death of Lord, LONDONDERRY took place; and with it the old Tory system, so justly epitapbised by Mutant', began to totter. Cerneneu, as a statesman of liberal tendencies, arose, with Huernisow. More thorough . liberals aseepted their aid, without limiting their vulva so partially or so humbly. Every . year from that epoch to this has had its campaign, its combat of one set of ideas agains another, at times vicissitude and reverse, but in the main, liberal ascendancy and triumph. If anything was wanting to prove the truth and soundness of those liberal principles which have triumphed, it is the circumstance of their defeating the antagonist principles it monopoly, bigotry, and class privilege, not merely in the general arena of the legislature, but in the minds and convictions of the most eminent leaders of the Conservative party itself. Truth, like a torrent, has retried away not merely all material obstacles before it, bat has forced the very men and the very minds employed in raising and placing those obstructions, to Mow or to go on with the current- The foes of great liberal principles in re ligion, and commercial legislation have not been merely routed but annihilated ; not merely defeated but cap tured ; not merely captured, bat enlisted in the vic torious army. Never was triumph so irrevocable or so complete. We have now arrived, however, at a very import ant halt on the road of progress, a halt not dissimilar to that, which took place after the passing of the Reform Bill. Far assay onward and even sager travellers, the psi of their journey ban been reached, the object of their searches won. And a great many hesita as to whether they may not best abide where they tit or whether .. they should not go fa r th er and even then it is to be decided in what direction. Up to the point of ear7ing corn law repeal, the multitude of political travellers 'wept ahead by rear' cad conveyance and steed. We have now reached a kind of terminus or station , and to go farther We have to embark in csimibuiel and slow coaches, the great party split into twos and sixes, to deep up hills and wind through deep roads. Then, there is hesitation about guides and coachmen. Some say, one is as good 18 another,—the lord in the old conservative livery just as honest, as the known public servant in free trade frieze. Party is declared to be at an end, and the old aims of party obliterated, without any new ones being clearly marked out Thus it is, that the year 1847 begins quite a new epoch. We have closed one volume of our political history, and are opening another, of which we know and can divine as little, as we can the adventures of an uncut novcL There is a charm and interest in this for the idly curious. The total uncertainty and obscurity as to what may befal all things and all men in the short session, the dissolution, the general elec tion, though fraught with the deepest anxiety to the ardent lover of his country and of progress, is a' , subject of pure delight and speculation to the many. Were the country in a normal state, no doubt a period of calm would have ensued, in which all might repose after the agitation of past years. But the millions of Irish are there permanently unprovided with food, and the millions of English are here not well provided either, with the means of purchasing aliment, and all pressed with a taxation which each would shift upon his neighbour. In such a state to be silent is impos sible ; for a minister not to meddle or innovate is im practicable. And yet it is equally impossible to remedy the smallest ill without touching at the same time some sympathetic nerve, - which instantly agitates some other portion of the body-politic, and sets the whole in pain and in commotion. _ . _ - What's to be done with Ireland ? Is the over taxed Englishman to be shorn of his pittance to feed his Irish brother? Aro all English interests, which clamour for change or for reduction of taxation, to be put off to that indefinite period, when Ireland shall cease to be to England what Sciade is to the rest of India? Such a declaration would set the whole English de mocracy, its respectable democracy, at war with the government. Is Ireland, on the oontrary, to su pp ort the Irish? If so, its landlords are to be drowned in the ocean of pauperism which their ancestors have created. Here the sympathetic nerve excites the puissant landlordism of England. And instantly we have Repcalers and Protectionists, SMITH O'BRIEN and Lord GEORGE BENTINCE, in a combined oppo sition, towards which we cannot even veal the conduct of Sir ROBERT PEEL and Lord LINCOLN. This is one small sample of the problems of the session. In this uncertainty of what parliament may do, or parties in parliament may choose as their policy and tactics, we know already what will be the line, what the policy of the present government. It will be to meet the evils and abuses of those parts of the empire actually disorganised by such, with a providence, a scrtpulous care, and a bold determination to remove those ills at any cost, and in defiance of every preju dice and every interest, no matter how powerful those prejudices or interests. The time is past for states men, entrusted with the great task of conducting the affairs of this empire, to go dodging with this party and with that interest ; truckling to the one, turning round another, and smiling on a third to be tray it. The old science of ministerial tactics must be abolished ; and there must, in its place be established that more bold and frank system of appealing to the broad sense and interests of the public, which can now each year be less and leas deceived as to the talents, the purposes, and the cha racter of the parties and the statesmen who aspire to power. We began by saying that 1847 commenced a new lepoch. We sincerely trust, and little doubt, that this will be one of its distinguishing features. The dissolution and disregard of party that is now announced will then mean, not that convenient laxity of principle ea shamefully advantageous to the trimming and the vile at the period of a general election, but a frank and definite adoption of principles, not based on class, or selfish, or powerful interests or having for their solo aim to be strong and in place, but, on the contrary, directed towards removing the great and avowed evils which oppress and affect the body politic. Until of very late years it was considered unfair, and al , meet disreputable, for a statesman to address the I great popular mass. Such means of support were left to the HUNTS and the Ciaearrrs. We are now progressing to a time when it will be considered unfair and disreputable to address any lother ; when candidates of class interests will be spurned. Wu the country endowed with the same facilities of intellectual intercourse that they have of ' physical communication, had education lad a gene ral foundation for all Englishmen's intellectual understanding and sympathy with each other, poli tician, would be found to address all in a common and plain language. As yet it is ignorance that keeps up our party-walls, of which the next half century cannot but effect the final rasure. Tee experience gained by the states forming the Prussian Customs League from the period cf the ad hesion of the Bavarian and Wurtemberg union to that subsisting between Prussia and Hesse, forms the sub ject of a small pmphlet, the perusal of which will amply . repay the Singularly enough, the Germans themselves are apt to confound the merits of those who advocated the formation of the South German Union with the promoters of the Prussian league. The union between Bavaria, Wurtemberg, and other smaller states, included also Hanover and Saxony. It was consequentlyof equal importance with the Prussian league, but it was formed on • radically different plan, and, like the present league between Hanover and Oldenburg, imposed duties on imported goods solely as a means of revenue. The question whether the Prussian league, which was founded in 1818, should adhere to that of the other states, was vio lentl7 agitated in the years 1831 and 1832. The leading advocate of such adhesion was the NESTOIk of commercial diplomatic functionaries, the Burgic t master SCHMIDT of Bremen, who spared neither talent, money, nor exertion, tom present to the Gen man sovereigns that their at object should be Its encourage trade, and that manufactures, if dints the follow in its train. It is unnecessary to dints the motives and the measures adopted thee wee lysed the efforts of this sound political eceneski, Dr. LIST, who has been put forward as the founder of the Zollverein, was one of many who at this tiny served the views of the manufacturers, and brought about the adhesion of Bavaria, Wurtemberg, Sateen, and ultimately Baden, Frankfort, and Nona, to the Prussian league. In America he had, • few years. previously, done the same, and lent his pen to the party in Congress who made the outcry that tem porarily established an anti-oommercial tariff. Both, in the United States and in Germany he lived low enough to see his friends relinquish the opinion which be far some time turned to good seseent. After the adhesion of the prwcipal South Gonna States, with Saxony, to the Prussianleer* Meter and Oldenburg remained the sole mrsemendives of the principle of holding out no aeMeM thileateents to lanefactarera. The league between these Ones ICI retains the name of the " Osman °anew Lagoa" Mecklenburg has refused to adept wen the moderate male of duties levied by Hamster aid Oldenburg. Hamburg, Bremen, said Lu k eek,titht a customs tariff, the nearest in approm. to entire freedom of trade that is known. By the treaties contracted between the states of the Zollve rein this union might have been dissolved in UM& Conferences held in 1841 and 1842 led to l d ton of the union to 1853. The tariff ' to a revision every thrower's, with respect to its imam features. Small changes can be intro duc ed by the ow greases of delegateshail sennalli at the capital of some contracting state. We earth allude later to the modi fications of thesegittriff, which have been cads. R saint eas t that in the aot fethemehm the varlet states Gsamemy pledge thsneeten we every mettles is artier hormone Ikea eetnereial iterestree with each other. A comma system of and l tetfirs and reia h n: s eitst o , t s ed remo the also to be Fr nth iiiermi — e sio tr se its stinderd. flat the esimege is not between the northern and southern nane. la beat, sessumn ass kept in dollars of three shMhige sash Is South Gleamy, the cad. The one dein max Ogle:pesos 'value is the staadard. The reams asted for the , remoistiom of the dollar Oindani the German mothers none i s their en/rallr~ talent any respelidbalty as the soar of the sfr debt of Prwtft, width ormeists mostly in esedistese bills of one, five, sad fifty dol lars, circulated as bank-notes. The southern states have all representative assemblies, who control the financial proceedthge of the government. In Prussia no such control exists. _ The chief motive th a t we i g h e d w i t h the South • The 1346. Cermet • Zeileered.,"frve eA. neer Ind re JUL—Berlin, FRIDAY E German gonirn menfaiitheir adoption &the Pritssian system, wait lime g enii filly prevailing notion that high duties insure a - Urge . revenue. A second powerful motive, no doubt, lay in the prospect of an emancipa tion of the crown from the control of the parliamen tary bodies for the indirect taxes thus levied. The representatives of the people are, indeed, applied to in the constitutional states of Germany for sanction of the adhesion to the Zollverein. But with this sanc tion the whole customs department is transferred to the Minister for Foreign Affairs, as the adhering state becomes responsible henceforward rather to the other contracting states of the league for its perform ance of the stipulated articles than to its own inha bitants. The alterations in the tariff are, therefore, matters of diplomatic negotiation, and the chambers cannot interfere with them. Should circumstances, therefore, arise that might cause the chambers of Bavaria, Wurtemberg, or Saxony to desire to restrict the supplies demanded by the crown, the representa tives of the people can only limit the direct taxation. The customs receipts are placed beyond their reach. Two immeasurable advantages have been gained by the people inhabiting the Zollverein —freedom of intercourse for most objects of traffic, and the abolition of a fearfully extensive and demo ralising internal contraband trade. No stranger can have a just conception of the extent to which smug gling was carried on thirty years back between every little state in Germany and its neighbours. It was soon discovered that Prussia, containing the largest population, on a soil producing far fewer objects of luxury than South Germany, raised the greatest share of the revenue in the Zollverein. The sum received is, however, divided between the con tracting states in the proportion of the population of each. The result is shown in the pamphlet by the amount of coffee imported - - late Into Total In- Slum Exam et fe 1N Wenn, Tornber or 1 1 . 0 . 1 : 01 10 0 year 19•••na. On Rs earn 004 44 a.* Zollverels. Wurumberg. nano. mt.. cwt. twin. ewes. elm. 1851_.10,010 17,100 59,210 420,305 105,979 4;,11911 1819...40,390 18,262 38,636 386,544 133,849 73 193 1845...46,567 22,608 09,173 826,405 178,173 106,998 The most dangerous rock which threatened the prosperous course of the Zollverein since 1833 was a claim raised by Prussia for indemnification for sup posed loss from this system of dividing the receipts, by which a larger share falls to the southern states than is their due. It was, however, successfully argued two years back, when the question was dis cussed, that not only do these figures not really show the real importations of the respective states, but the general prosperity and consequently increased receipts was the result of a freedom of traffic in the interior, that could not be measured in figures. The supposed loss of Prussia is further illustrated by the importa tions of coffee into the territory of Prussia, which were in : _ Importations of Share fall- Supposed Zotiverein. tag to Prussia. kiss. ewe. cwt.. mina mtg. 1834 ... 290,421 1839 ... 384,339 1844 . . 474,148 1845 ... 620,1.47 The general result with respect to revenue was, however, so satisfactory, that the insignificant loss complained of by Prussia could not, with a gwd face, be mmle matter of complaint. The general in crease of revenue has been the following: Tpr Nn r*Wvir 9 8 4 . Ch "" . 1 :481411: t . 4101.30. 40103 4311634, gres. pl. 1634 23,04,110 1013.772 2,136181 12,178,01 13 0 74-10 1840 25.3000 21,303,191 4,119.707 0,013.641 31 11 43-11.0 1444 26.02.794 48,411,591 2.499.091 23,970588 23 130.106 1845 24,433,104 27,411,133 2,289853 24410,443 96 190100 The general principle is thus sufficiently justified, that a number of contiguously-situated small states do better to associate for the purpose of raising a re venue, than to strive each to emrrass trade for its own peculiar profit. That other questions still re main to be satisfactorily answered, is apparent from the following statements of the receipts and payments rendered necessary by the general distribution. In the course of the twelve years from 1833 to 1845, Prussia paid to other States 63,607,300 dollars. Saxony Brunswick (I year) Franktort-on.tbs;:Manso (9 roue) 46,632,895 dollars. On the other hand, the following states received of the above sum : Wurtamteli 10,328,320 Baden ' 3,362,60 „ Grand Eketo ratDuchy aof Hedge ............. 1, 2, 61 259,,2900 014 „ ci Imo Thuringian edam 1,931,880 Nara. 3,446,010 Lair (1 per) 347,771 „ 43,331,093 dollar*. The importance of the free-trading cities is thus apparent, and explains the unabated ardour with which Prussia pursues the free seaports, in order to induce them to join the league:, The discussions on the subject that took place in 1831 and 1832, at the instance of the Burgomaster SCI43IIDT, and that have since been on various occasions repeated, have made it too apparent that the capital, commer cial skill, and credit of the free cities, afford inducements to trade that can be supplied by no protecting daties. Still less can navigation laws, in imitation of those of England, prove serviceable to the trade of Hamburg, Bremen, or Lubeck. It is, therefore, needless to add that they would render no service to Prussia. That the increase of general revenue is attributable solely to the removal of obstacles to internal traffic, is proved by the vicissitudes which the revenue of Prussia experienced. It momentarily declined on the adhesion of every other Mate, but recovered in a wonderfully short time under the influence of improved traffic. The sum drawn by Prussia from the general revenue was : IMO 1 1 u8 836 . 109:100 600000 9,130,100 000 0n11606 1831 1832 1839 1831 1833 The revenue of Prussia was, therefore, greater in the year 1841 than it had ever been before. LONDON boasts of an unusually efficient police. We are in the habit of complacently contrasting our numerous, well-conducted, good-looking, blue-coated guardians of the peace, with the scanty, overbearing, half-soldier eergente de vile of Paris. London has the reputation of being the safest of capitals by night or day. Some recent police reports have shaken our faith in this point. There certainly are parts . of London little lees dangerous than the R u e St. Blot or the Rue aux Fens—districts which it is ticklish work to traverse after dark on a winter's evening. One effect of oar systematic police arrangements seems to be, that the foree is distributed in the same ratio in the best and worst conducted quarters. The Strand has as large a contingent as Sefton-kill : St. James's. square as Smithfield. We have no disposition to I acquiesce in the popular theory of the invisibility of the polioeman. We cannot admit, as a general truth, that he is never to be found when wanted. But, really, in some districts, this theory appears to have considerable foundation in fact. We find in last police reports details of three daring highwa y two of them accom panied with gross Attlemee; in the very heart of London, perpetrated betwesa Friday and. Monday last. All three occurred in the Smithfield district, well known as one of the fevourite criminal haunts. We find men arrested armed with iron bars and knives. The whole account reads more like an ex tract from the dettual Befireerfor 1720, than a leaf out of the records of 1848. It carries us back to the days in which the Prince Regent and the Duke of Yoax were robbed by a mounted highwayman on Hay-hill, Berkeley-square. We are anxious to know whether the City police authorities are cognisant of this state of things within their boundaries? If they are, we would respectfully suggest the propriety of increasing the police force in and about Smithfield. But this is not the only point to which we would direct attention in oonnexion with our police force. Just as they seem to be least active in the neighbourhood of the thieves' haunt, so they avoid, with curious pertinacity, the places in which " cadgers " congregate to exhibit their unreal distresses. Who ever saw the passage from the Adelaide Oallery to St. Martin's-lane without its array of professional " mumpers " ? Who ever saw a policeman interfere with them? Who that is accus tomed to journey from Hyde-park-corner into the City bat recognises daily certain well-known mendicants ' got-up " with the regular ap paratus of tattered clothes, dexterously letting out glimpses of the naked skin; men with cheeks artificially pallid; women with 4%1.1y-dressed babies, dosed into a stupor with opium, and hired for the day P These beggars do infinite mischief ; on the one hand, by supplying the selfish with an argument against all almsgiving ; on the other, by perverting the bounty of dLe weak and well-intentioned from more deserving and less obtrusive objects. Yet, who I eversawthepoliminterferesriththese impostors? Even [MG; JANUARY. the Mendicity Society, which seems sometimes gi ft ed with superhuman dexterity and industry in nosing oat be -letter impostors, posies by these miscall/ leviers of charitable black-mail without notice. They do not ply their business with any apparent fear of the street authorities. They take their stand, day after day, in the lame spot; never seeming either better or worse off than when one first encounters them. Many of them seem to have regular" walks," of which they probably hold and transfer the fee, as crossing sweepers of their crossings, or proprietors of any other recognised incorporeal property. Contrast with the indifference of the police to this nuisance their unnecessary and vexatious persecution of the poor basket-women. We could almost believe in our hearts that the gentlemen in blue have a sort of sym pathy with their fellow-street haunters. They would no doubt miss their well-known faces from their beats. Perhaps they take a sort of sardonic pleasure in seeing the same cadaverous gentleman, in the ragged jersey and with no brim to his hat, impu dently and illogically announce to the passers-by, day after day, that "he is starving." Probably the same description of misanthropy which has been observed among 'pike-keepers is not altogether unknown among the police. Conversant with the crimes and excesses of their species, they feel a sort of tolerance for those who keep up and mul tiply the cam of both. Again, we have been frequently struck, during the late frosts, with the indulgent, fatherly way in which these gentlemen look upon the little boys at their laudable work of making one continuous slide from the Wellington statue to Regent-street. A policeman's life id, on the whole, monotonous; and he, no doubt, rather enjoys the excitement of an accident. A broken leg or arm, or a sprained ankle, attracts a crowd, sends the police man for the stretcher, and leads to much interesting comment and gossip. But we are not clear that the inspectors should countenance in their men this morbid relish for a sensation. In pointing attention to this matter we are only expressing thoughts which must have occurred to most of our London readers. We have of late heard continual expressions of curiosity as to why the police don't interfere with regular beggars and little boys making conveniences for the breaking of elderly people's limbs. We share in this curiosity, and beg of the police authorities to satisfy it or stop its mouth. IN the annual report of the Secretary to the United States Treasury, transmitted to Congress along with the President's Message, there are some remarks on the different effects on trade of al valorem and specific duties which possess considerable interest at a time when ad ralorem duties upon teas have been brought into agitation. The duties under the United States tariff of 1842 were in part specific, in part ad valorem. During the year ending 30th June, 1844, excess of re venue produced by specific over ad valorem duties was 81,860 dollars ; in the year ending 30th June, 1845, returns from ad valorem exceeded the returns from specific duties by 1,737,379 dollars. In the year ending 30th June, 1846, the returns from ad ralorem duties were 2,663,534 in excess of those from the specific. The deficit under the head of specific duties increased so much more rapidly than the surplus under that of ad valorem, that when the tariff of 1842 was repealed the revenue from customs duties was declining. The customs receipts during the last fiscal year were 315,444 dollars less than they were during the year ending 30th June, 1843. This progressive decline is attributed by the American Minister of Finance to " the prohibitory character of the specific duties." lie adds, "As the specific duties in their practical operation were becoming every day more prohibitory, the revenue under the tariff of 1842 must have con tinued to sink so rapidly as soon to have caused a great deficit even in time of peace, and thus have re quired ultimately a resort to direct taxes or excises to support the government" Mr. WALKER also dwells at some length on the tendency of specific duties to press with undue weight on the poor. "The duties," he observes, speaking of the tanff of 1845, "are assessed on all imports in exact proportion to their value, and not according to the system of specific duties and minimums by which .the per centage of taxation invariably rises as the value of the article is depressed, and sinks as it rises in value : thus uniformly discriminating in favour of the wealthy few, and against the toiling millions." The American Secretary of the Treasury is of opinion that, under a system of ail ralorem duties, frauds may be successfully and effectually checked. The duty is assessed on each cargo in proportion to its value at the port of exportation, and that value being governed by the price at the one port from which the shipment was made, he thinks more easily ascertainable than the value in the United States, which varies in almost every principal city. As to imposition by fraudulent invoices or false valuations he remarks: "Oar merchants and public officers are as familiar with the foreign as with the home price currett." On these grounds a fair trial is claimed by Mr. WALKER for the system dad valorem duties. " If the new tariff succeeds, as is the confident belief of this department, it will be a triumph of justice and equal rights, reflecting the highest honour on our free in statutions." FRANKFORT, Dac. 26. A general break in the weather has set the Rhine 'nearly free, and will probably allow the large quan tities of imported corn now lying in Holland to be towed up to their places of destination. Should the frost set in anew, proposals are to be made to the railway company to forward these supplies at a cheap rate from Duisburg to Cologne. Great distress is felt in the mountainous districts, from the freezing up of the manufacturing water-power after so dry a summer. BELGIUM.—BnueeEte, DEC. 30.—The election of a member of the Chamber of Representatives for Tour ney has terminated in favour of the liberal candidate, Count Lelion. Ever since the downfall of the Nothomb admini stration was eased by the return of opposition candidates in two places, an election in this country—even an isolated election—la considered to be an event of first-rate import ance. The meant election at Tourney did not fail, there fore, to create ooniderable excitement, not only in that city, but in all the large towns of Belgium. The ministerial and opposition journal had long leading articles every day on the abject of the election, and language of the moat violent and recriminatory kind was indulged in on both sides. The election of Count Lebon at Tourney had moreover, indepen dently of the interest attached to the return of • oan &date, grounds for political excitement. Tear readers will probably recollect that the conduct of thellfilap of Tourney with respect to the Athena of that gins* gave rise, some time ago, to long and vehement deb** lathe two chambers. The late member, H. Bavartalsatel., voted (ie his place in parliament as well es in the tewn-oenneil of Tourney) spina the species of treaty tanalied between that body and the bishop with regard to the momesseient of the above edemilend astablishinest. The OW& to *oak of it briefly, essidenet he the wfilhapens et the Town Council to alley of the enswellimee ei the pock* wpm certain soadieleas, which the Liberal pray throws** the country amematic contrary to law, hanamma the guaranteed hts of the council (dila ta, it sou con e alienated), were infringed by them. Asubsequently arose between the council and ti e the the latter withdrew his aunts fleece from the *lliesife. The &sisal party, in order to re gain the banenee which they bed lost, reeolmd to start a candidate who would supra *slit TWIN". They first Axed upon a sentisman who was tWideg imrtisan a theirs, bit *ding that be was too *Si to have a chance of some* they subsequently Mesta anther candidate (H. Hos*. bean , who, whilst profaning liberal opinions, was /weer it not bousi, to vote Ste them. It will be seek Hat the roes* sloodwof Tourney tepid wen the *set Inesftea of the dm he Wens% via., the hill** of ,the elm, and the reedt 4eist deaf* bee bent their dignal an lambs been Mama by an , sess be stated that in lfl2S and =l wi n wle a s el ,as a reemberVe chamber, a warm advocate of the clergy, hawses he that the civil power was or ereading on disk rights ; he stated ha his adders he the &Mon yesiesday having tbssithet, Hat pad* , the inftence t a he n 4wat gloatly preamlneeis aver that of the civil he His *mem thek i Ent. In every point of view recant Moslem le a -*- portant one.—The ifonstrer Oh away, pa a royal decree appointing a special usanaholoot draw up a bill for a system of national easiunace, to be nadertaken by the state. The Coati of Appeal has lately &aid* that foreign assurance societies established in Belgium althea the authorisation of the King have no legal existent, and easequently that they cannot carry on a lawall any genies In this country. This decision is • portant am, as there are several French assumes of high 'ty in Brawls and other cities. Two cabinet excels were held this day.—This afternoon the moats voted thi bill levying an exorbitant duty on the ex portation of tow. GERMANY.—HAMBITROH, DEc. 26,—The Ebe is Bull frozen as far as St Yauli, and lower down se kr se Blankenese, Thulaw, and Brenterhafen • the elmenel is full of Boating boo. In our harbour they *re plying bargee. The Blaakesese schooner Thetis, ' and the galiot Puna*, have sailed up from Blacken.* yesterday evening. Bananinerzai, Die. 25.—Arrived at I l o'clock the steamer Homer, hum Hull. There is much ice in the elbsaa•L UNITED STATES & MEXICO. The following summaries of the Treasury, the Post Office, and the War O ffi ce reports, received by the Caledonia, will be read with interest : ESPORTOI, THE SICRETARY OP TM, TREASURY. 1. Receipt and Expenditswe.—The receipts for the year ending 30th June, 1846, were from customs, 26,712,667 dole. ; from land sales, 2,694,462 ; from miscellaneous sources, 92,126; total, 29,499,245. The balance in the treasury on Ist July, 1845, was 7,658,306 dols. ; and conse quently the total means 37,157,5.51 dole. The expenditure during that fiscal year was 28,031,114 doh., leaving a balance in the treasury on Ist July, 1846, of 9,126,437 dole. Tke receipts for the first quarter of the current year, and the estimated receipts for the other three give: from customs, 27,83.5,731 dole. ; from land sales, 3,400,000; from miscella neous sources, 100,000; total, 31,335,731 • which, with the balance on hand on Ist July last, and ;he ten millions from treasury notes and loan under the act of 22nd July last, give a total of means for the year of 60,462,170 dole. The actual and estimated expenditures amount to 5,5,241,212 dollars; which will lease a deficit on the Ist July, 1817, of 4,779,042 dollars. The total revenue of the year ending the 30th of Ju .e, 1848, is estimated at 32,000,000 dole. This, deducting the deficit, leaves 27,220,957 dole. as the available means of that year. The expenditure is estimated at 4.5,781,781 dots., which would leave a deficit of 27,220,957 dubs at the close of that year.- 2. Measures proposed to meet the Deficit: The Treasury Estimate that during the time of war a balance of at least 4,000,000 dole. ought always to be kept in the Treasury to meet the demands of the Mint, cite,. This would reqiure a loan of 23,000,000 dole., unless additional revenue is to be raised by some new provision of law. As one means of raising additional rtvenr, a duty on tea and coffee is pro. posed. The tea imported into the United States during the last fiscal year amounted to 16,891,020 lbs., valued at 3,983,337 dole. ; the coffee to 124,336,064 lbs., valued at 7,802,894 dols. A duty of 23 per cent, on the aggregate value of 11,786,231 dole., would yield 2,916,557 dole., or, making allowance for reduced consumption in consequence of the duty, 2,500,000 dol. With this addition to the revenue it is estimated that the loan might be reduced to nineteen millions; but to render this possible it is said that the duty ought to go into effect notlaterthantho lstof Jan. next, other wisegreat quantities of tea and coffee would be introduced im mediately to escape the tax. With respect to the loan, it is observed that a loan for a long term will be more economical than one for a short. Twenty years is the time proposed (reserving power to purchase the stock at market price at any earlier date): the first half to be negotiated early in spring; the second during the succeeding mummer and fall.-3. Public Debt The public debt of the United States amounted, on Ist Dec. last, to 21,256,491 dol., of which 17,788,799 dol. was contracted before the 4th of March, 1845,— The old and new tariff: It s observed that the revenue was declining at the date of the report of the tariff of 1812. The receipts under it, during the year ending 30th Juhe, 1846, were less by the sum of 815,444 doh., than during the preceding fiscal year. The decline, it is stated, was progressive, and arose irom the prohibiting character of the specific duties. A table is appended to the fiscal report, from which it appears that for the fiscal year ending 30th June, 1844, the excesa of revenue produced by specific over ad valorem duties was 81,860 dole. 74 cents, whereas during the fiscal year ending 30th June, 1845, the ad valorem exceeded the specific duties 1,737,370 dole. 57 cents: and during the last fiscal year the advalorens exceeded the specific d uties 2,663,634 dole. 94 cents. As the specific duties in their practical operation were becoming every day more prohibitory, the revenue under the tariff of 1842 must have continued to sink so rapidly as soon to have caused a great deficit, even in time of peace, and thus have required ultimately a resort to direct taxes or excises to support the government. The duties collected at the ports of Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New York, during I the first five days of December, 1846, under the new tariff, amounted to 416,802 dole. 97 cents ; and during the first five days of Dec., 1845, under the old tariff, to 208,374 doh. 50 cents. This rate of augmentation, it is not sac posed, will con tinue; but that the revenue from duties this year will reach the amount estimated now, and in my report to the Senate of the 16th of July last, at 27,835,731 dole., is, for the reasons therein stated, fully believed.— The Treasury Some defects are pointed out in the Treasury law of the 6th of August last, and suggestions offered for their amendment. Of these amendments it is said, " By far the most important would be the establish ment of a branch of the mint of the United States at the city of New York, to perform, among its other functions, the duties appertaining to a depository of the public money. During a period of more than half a century, the mint and branch mints have had deposited with them about one hundred and sixteen millions of gold and silver bullion and coin, no portion of which has ever been lust to the govt rai ment ; and as two-thirds of our whole revenue is collected at the city of New York, a branch there would place beyond all hazard the security of the public money, and at the same time greatly enlarge the circulation of gold and silver." —Free Trade: About one quarter of the whole report is devoted to an abstract argument in favour of free trade, the principle of the new tariff. very sensible, but rather trite, and unconscionably long .rinded. It concludes with the following hint to the Britisher. :—" There yet remains to bacco—one of our important staples—on which heavy duties, not for protection, but for revenue only, are still imposed in England; but if our present commercial policy a main tained here, it is not doubted that even on this article the present high duties will be reduced, with the progressive ad vance, there and throughout the world, of the more liberal and enlightened system of unrestricted exchanges."— Public Land The reduction and graduation of the prices of public lands is proposed as a certain means of augmenting the revenue. In support of this view, the result of the land sales in the Chichasaw district is cited. By such a measure, and by selling the land in limited quantities only, it is argued that the national wealth and revenue would be in creased together. A similar effect would be produced by offeting for sale the lands on which copper ore has been found. It is added, " If Congrees, at an early period of the present session, would impose the proposed duty on tea and coffee, reduce and graduate the price of the public lands in favour of settlers and cultivators, extend the preemption system to the unaurveyed lands to which the Indian title has been extinguished, and authorise the sale of that portion of the public lands containing copper and other valuable ores, the loan might safely be reduced from 23 to 17,000,000 dollars." —Warehousing System: A favourable report is made of the working of this system nodes the law of 6th August last. It is suggested that the law might be improved by repealing the limitation as to time for returning goods in the ware honed—Oregon The extension of the revenue laws of the Union to Oregon is recommended, and the establishment of collection districts et the month of the Oregon and near Paget's Bound.—Light-houses : The organisation of a light house board is advocated.—Coast Survey : The progress of this undertaking is lauded in general terms. The report winds up with remarking that " the coast surrey and the ' light house system ' the warehouse bill and the ad valorem revenue tariff, areall great, efficient, and co-operative in atrumeats is giving to our own country advantages over all others as competitors for the commerce of the world." IMPORT OP THE SECRETARY OP THE WATT. The following is a synopsis of the report of the Secretary of the Navy, which though not presented to congress at the time of the derrture of the Caledonia, had been published in the New York papers :—The Mediterranean squadron has not been continued during the last year. It is proposed to revive It as soon as circumstances will permit. The station at Mahon has been discontinued at the earnest ' request of the Portuguesevernment, and measure, are in ' progress for the removal of - t go he public stores from that place. The Bast India squadron, consisting of the Columbus, 74, sad the sloop V i n c ennes, is supposed to have sailed for Japan and lianiskatka, in the month of May or June last, and to have returned to Macao about this time. They will probably commence their homeward cruise, arid the North Pacific, in January or February. Ordure were sent to Cam. Biddle is Jannin7 let topvaned to the:west-coast of Mexico, and mums eamatad of the squadron there. No acknowledgment of the receipt of ' them has been received at the department. The Beall squadron consists of the frigate Columbus, 05.. - =bile, and the brig Bainbridge , Lieut. On. Midis Commodore Roseau. The Arnim_ _ ernirea eassigetif the frigate United States, the sloop EIEFEISI, btu Dolphin end 1 BOIS, ariskairehip Southmegion, 96 guns in all. ,A fall and laterning narrative is gnu of the operations W the Pantie newiren oboe the wee, bon under Coda. end anCom.dthe &sr theciren The ti thellimmia • WSITSIS ° Z II 2;4OI imam Whelk is4l The Enact Indigenous is en he . wag en with Can Shy- ' ndeeick p , who will, es lie antra, nomme on t and, o tae s Pubis, hoe ed Ow the amnintinatisa. of the home 0111111 FOR at Alveoli% tim oak et mod the taking ef Tenspiee, blip shimilet Tub = *due is Am One esenmemiem Oben numbeme, in whom tleenlideuadtheds/rlmsmanewenebntist Bann inn the bignellome mist whisk they end new also • iluesitiosinne pada' the gensiment to avail all COW- Elle with. Menai, it noble; 72A vessels compring the navy of Tent emu On have been inn unworthy ef repair, win the essagina .41 the Ands, which is at Panamitt. de The stile We been arched te he mid. The astimeg a ee of fled an bunt an the engiarmant Itl SE M. ne nem then LIDO ere new in - senior. kenedg to bull bur as ettatams, to be imagined In enem ies with err agembass abroad. The nun admit Anna of is terms itiogninien, and the amp • ie sand for it as wesheibst year. Anitain b • given to the arbors ofilaraienstory, when nimble agonises are to abed the etintbn they imervo. r An 4 Son to ig aumber ef aminnumpene ewes lank an no dignAment resemnerita the end lie el the sauna maps end la the maialer of welmeat album The report esuindes with wining that aellberity bziromet n e the pemitint to appoint on of Inn dx et brie, irrespective of the inane* the paean appeintod. Provision might Wile to uses of pew*, Emit which a e tow is said in the ripest cm the system WgesnielkW The is ably tuition, doer, end iaterning. IMPORT OP THE SRCERTARY OP WAIL In this deenasent the nooreary 'vee a fall idetery of the eomasenonmen sad Wen war the kiss el Pale &nee as m raw" asit=, amonteis them cm haw the Unehmliset des annietios ; the engelet of 1 1 001 14 14•4 Abe calihniks• alliAglatob tithe wins movenentecithe ernes. linslipaterg,theogit reettleguminow, no been remind ' of thenbing of bat net Maven., Oen. ODERStis „ = mat wee Aegean te Pena the Pacific nowt WC. The t egendome of al e Fresteng end Oen seine filmiden went of the li t tre referred te with esumeadetkm. bat no cache repent, hes been rescind or - .eatinin. The military forge el the United inn has been mousts.4 ft 7,640 son to 112,1000 seem ThareAke ctn. weir aleputmen have been ud.c.• and embower/Ir* The iatellmfai Tamaulipas, and the right beak or the Rio urinal', cite ' several hundred albs hem its .math, New Lean, Connie, and Chihuahua, have all, in effect, been wrested from the enemy ; and the Mexicin authority, civil and military, die in New Mexico and the Californias—all in the short apace of seven months. The regular army, under the law of last sestion, when filled up, would amount to 16,998, officen and men, but does not now exceed 10,300. The success of the American armies in the field is attributable probably to the hire number of volunteers called out since the passage of the bill increuirif the army. It is im possible to tell the number of troops which the exigencies of the war may require. The volunteers called out who have en countered the enemy, have more than justified the expecta tions formed of this description of traps; but it is no dis paragement to them to say that regular forces would be pre ferred is a war to be prosecuted in a foreign country. Con siderations of economy are also decidedly in favour of troops engaged to serve during the war. The Secretary is most solicitous that this subject should receive the attention of congress, and that a body of troops should be raised to take the place of those voluntecrx who will claim a discharge at the end of their term of service. An increase of the regular army is recommended. The estimated appropriations for fortifications for next year amount to 495,600 dollars. The report then goes on to speak of the national defences; of sappers, miners, and topographical engineers, and their present organisation ; of the ordnance bureau being inade quate; deficiency in the medicel staff of the ermy ; hi.tory of operations in mineral lands the past year; number of pension agencies, 44, exclusive of navy pensions, and num ber of pensioners about 20,000. The Independent Trtasnry Act contemplates the employment of officers therein named as pension agents, and renders it doubtful whether those hitherto employed are not euspended. He recommends that authority be given to continue the present agents at a rea sonable compensation. 3,434 Indians have been removed west of the Mississippi River since last annual report. New treaties with Indians are referred to, and the solicitude of Government to promote the welfare of the Indian tribes, is feelingly expressed. CONDITION OF THE PORT OFFICE DEPARTMENT. The Postmaster-General reports the receipts of the year, 3,487,199d01. 35c. During the nine years ending 30th June, 1845, the receipts averaged 4,364,625401. 6.3 c. a year. Under the cheap postage law, therefore, the receipts during the ' year have fallen off 577,426301. 30c. Mr. John,on does not view this falling off as the direct effect of the reduction of nistage. The sending of letters by private expresses, and the allowance of half an ounce in weight for a single letter, have had a more serious effect upon the revenue than the reduction of the rates of postage. To remedy these evils, he suggests that private conveyance of letters out of the mail should be treated as smuggling, and that the single letter should be limited to a quarter ounce in weight, except when the letter is upon a single sheet weighing leas than half an ounce. He also suggests that newspaper postage should be regulated by the size of papers, the weight of the matter con veyed, and the distance. He suggests the prepayment of letters, and reiterstes his opinion of Morse's Telegraph, viewing it as an important aid to the department, which go vernment should own and control. Increased mail facilities are required in Texas. The es lionditures of the department, in the year ending June 30, 1816, amounted to 4,084,297d01.22c, which left a deficiency over receipts of 597,097d01. 87c. The mail service of the United States, exclusive of Texas, is performed by 3,530 contracts on 4,285 post routes; the aggregate length to which is 149,679 miles. Its transporta tion throughout the year ending 30th June last amounted to 37,398,414 miles, the engagements for such transportation stated by the year, amounted to 2,665,878 d o le. 'there has been a saving of 33 per cc t. in the new contracts for carry ing the mails. On the 30th June there were 14,601 post , offices; 877 new offices were established during the year, and 459 discontinued— increase, 418 ; on this day the num ber is 14,793. 'there were appointed 4,958 postmasters. of whom 2,905 were appointed in consequence of resignations or deaths; 301 in consequence of change of routes; 877 in consequence of the establishment of new offices. 871 by removals ; 4 whose c o mmi s sio n s e xt i re d an d were not renewed. Near one-third of the offices in the United Suttee have been voluntarily vacated since the passage of the new law. This Is in • groat de gree ascribed to the increased labour in the offices, and the diminished compensation to postm uteri, which he thinks should be increased. Tney now get a per yenta •on the receipts, and this table is given for the purpose of showing the effect of the new lair on the compensation of the post masters of three of the principal offices :- 1612. 1441. 11144. 11145. 1846. New York... 0344,371 523,399 323,450 294,511 192,691 Philadelphia 167,079 148,787 130,711 139,744 88,182 Baltimore... 84,980 81,122 81,721 84,060 42,033 lie calls the attention of Congress to the fact that a pri vate expose is run between Montgomery (Ala.) and Mobile, on the arrival at the fin mer place of news by the steamers. The contractors for the transportation of the mails between New York and Bremen, by ocean steamers, are rapidly pro gressing with the construction of the tint vess 1, and but little doubt is entertained that the service will be commenced early in the spring. It is proposed also to extend the line of foreign mails to other places. Mr. Johnson's report is an able and a very satisfactory one. Great praise is due to him and his assistants for their efficient management of the de partment, and the triumphant success of the cheap postage system, which now promises to be far more lucrative in a year or two than the old system. RECEPTION OF Tlia MESSAGE IN THE " HOUSE " OP REPILESEN TATIVSO.—TII E PUTAIDENT'S MISSAGE.—J. S. Walker, Esq., the private Secretary of the President, appeared at the entrance of the main aisle, and the door keeper aenounced " A message from the President of the United States." Mr. Walker bowed, and when he had re assumed his upright po.ition, said: " Mr. Speaker, lam directed by the President of the United States to deliver ire the house a message in writing." Befure the long and anxiously looked for document was conveyed to the table, and while on its way thither, there were cries of " Let's hear what he hzs to say about the war." " Go-ahead with it." " Now for the news." The clerk broke the envelope, and lo! there was the Message. However, he preferred reading from a printed copy, and, having previously turned over the pamphlet to see its length, he proceededto gratify the ho nourable assemblage. A bundle °Menages fresh from the pun, was placed on the corner of the clerk's table, and imme diately nearly all the members left their seats and went in that direction to procure copies. Some of those who re mained in their places cried out, " Bring me one," " two, if you choose." The Speaker rapped, and requested gentle men to preserve order. [How could they, under the cir cumstances ?] The pages were seen running over the hall with copies of the . hienage in their hands; " Bring some rap this way, boys,"sald one ; " furnish us first," remarked another. All being supplied, tranquillity was restored, and gentlemen leaned back in their Pelts to read the Message, keeping pace with the clerk. In the clause wherein the name of " Jack son" is mentioned, as having said the wrongs of Mexico should no longer be endured, the clerk, by mistake, read " Jefferson." Half a doeen corrected him by crying out " Jackson," " Jackson said that." The clerk proceeded. and when he came to that part about the permission granted to Santa Anna, by Cum. Conner, to pus the blockade and go into Vera Cruz, there was suppressed laughter and a my of " Oh l" A MODERN CHEW/KIN Caste's ADDILBSB.—MONIp Ot His Excellency John Hoes, Chief of the Cherokee Indiana, to the Cherokee National Council—Friends and fellow citizens,—lt affords me sincere pleasure to greet you amid the interesting circumstances by which we are surrounded on the present occasion. After a protracted absence from their homes, the representatives to whom you entrusted the disposition of questions of great and vital importance to the Cherokee people, have returned, with the exception of the lamented Captain John Loony, who died in Washington, and Mr. Fields, who remained on private business. The result of their mission has been already submitted to you in the treaty recently negotiated between the United States and the Cherokees. It is for the purpose of making known to the people the provisions of this treaty, and of dis seminating a correct knowledge of them, that the late act ing chief issued his proclamation under the instructiotui of the National Council, calling you here at this time. And the satisfaction now derived from meeting with so large a number of my countrymen, and from beholding the preva lence of such general good feeling, is not lightly to be appre ciated; and I trust the manifestations here seen are but the foreshadowing of brighter and more auspicious times for the Cherokees: that we have commenced a new era la our existence, which will be disting uished . for the reign of law and order, for the promotion of industry and econo my, far the prevalence of sobriety and harmony, and for the general improvement of our moral and intellectual condi tion. The treaty which has boss sareitted to you was obtained after • long, tedieue, gad meat tapiwg migotiletro. and is the result of eie• awl morseelso. Itie most favourable arraniemmat Mee mold be made; sod ' although not so liberal la arm easpers ae was to bo bind, yet it is a document of peat impotaire to the Cberedres. Besides benelitting all parties more or less in a poomdary point of view, it secures to IS IMO of our most highly posed rights and privileges, end merits, es it shoat aeons,., • their hearty appeoval and faithful *Aherne's*. Ammo the ad vantages derived tram it may be OSISISSIIISSMIQS importance, the diereatioa et tamer yerths„ the amassed recognition of Ow the peerisa la he at , OW' domain ep the rorseadas of peer, sad dr fresh acknowledgment of our national rights by the government of the United States. These stipulations met at once appear . to every intelligent Lad, en being to vs Or . the arm magrutado. Fast party essealmeisat have beam the bane of oar addepoo—che lbamida of many bare waters. Their hie herd, will teem, the esuree of many mesadre peat sat aloes OM t he he soaks* Sad same mate &A bums imellei sorimmat en they an is interest deaday. The lila el our government is calculated to meets • dm= were ear Mien, es it most amillate a simile nosh= ha die tehaseseita of soy barmen of a public nature. .11* =las et we bow by as Iran a tenure ea we sea Siss y met create esaliare la those who Lie drift wi emeearage te paw hewn' as the awe of hapro** ander the iadmeemeotwf mmecioas seetaity. The utiipteals of our mama prerogative tar nishes the numb et messing and combatting any . 3 to Alyea en et thsaa—aed paw, that was aerawary ale to mcr, but le ear bang. It is th e lot to a zad satitsel Inyeavenest. Thaler he path I sway we may se ea leasessdas _lO wiedebe sad all the aitheasaal blade& whith aisia ellithe lir Vln view of these aoasldetalhas, 'I as paserilail that the treaty of 1816 will meet . Ike Agreed et the Chesehas . roc* ael Walt that the inOei big aril peaceful feelings . which salmi theeagletta ear beedleisr and or the principles by which 401• Mall will mai* tbseralre in future. It will be meaSato presides h made in the treaty for Swale shine many elitism to loses have ormiciewl MIL of the Veiled States. The hkarell M *bit a stipulation he T this purpose, bat were maaeawhtEaal than dais* atia! - I sequeotly rimer open he fatereeit. aihmat spat eSPASY aidjuslies_„ la the third otitis et the trs la sty l ris se. tad threhe United Slam doe elan an inquiry to be had of the dhbursemente made asst of the Cherokee fund ari sing under the treaty of 1835, and that they shall refund all inch as have been improperly made. As the nation has a dog THE 'EXPT