The Express. — London, England, 1853-06-07 00:00:00

I r i R. ~I.4.IIENTARY DIVISION. iyoUril. OF COMMONS—LAST NIGHT. ISItOME TAN BILL trie r. Ti a ra Remits re-d : Simon mode and question put,— . lad Oa li . re two read the third time:. The house divided ; 0 0.1; Noce, 11. AVE& use C. 11. w. FTeeftuar Col i ma Morsel, Viscount •. E. tiatirey, Mr W. P. Mowed, Wra. SAE II frilitley , C Ir, Gaskili, J. W. Morris, V. tiiitsion, T. M. Roslyn, One. E. Al. M1L r. .. 1 17 7 -A :t. Glatistone r W. Murphy, V. B. i • 11, ALT. Urn. O. C. Norreya, Lord (With-nib, V ivonnat Nuerep, Sir D.J. 0., J i,.. r0 Cairmitart, Sir O. O'Connell, Maurice ~ j g p Gnold, W. Oliveira, B. mss'eiiiinm Gordon, *Milani Osborne, Ralph 1 / I .lll Ct i ni . Grace. O. D. J. Palmer, It. Ott, J2l . iii. Graham, sir 3, Palmerston, Viscount o m erse, II 0... E. C. Go poet P. Periled, Sir G. B. Grenlell, C. W. Pei I, Col. Mas Grey, Rt. Hon. Sir 0. Pellatt, A. __,..a,a,..,,i, Jobs Ilsitieid, G. Millman, J. G. .I..r.bir-y. seraph Hal, sir H. Minn, T. Hamner, sir J. Pilkinston, Jae. isp-ra, Wi.mii llamas'., G. 0. Price, Sir R. mom A A. M Brandt, Ctd. Pone W. p. Mem C' s. Hien., A. Idear ' do, O. lIIM II In. Heard, J. I. Rich, 11. nem L NOM G. N. C. Ikneage, O. 11. W. Sobartas. T. J. A. Fig, a. A. I. Herbert, 11. A. Hassell, Lord John Herbert, Rt. Hen. S. Harrell, r. C. H. c o il iI, tvareel Iltrvey, Lord A. Ruses& V. W. opo di.s, it 0. Wlle ay, C. Sadieir, James amin, Urn& Mae. Sir J. W. Sandars, Goirge Ml= V. Hudson, 0. Sante, C. BU. Hushes, W. B. Scully, Vinsamt ey, Lord Hume, J. Seymour, W. D. Hat, W. Sheridan, K. IL Chi t e r, "b i l l Janus n, Earl Month, J. It. m r :i ttr Smith. W. id Jobortose: Sir J. Smith, M. T. D I . rA. kendall, N. timl b, Rt. Hon. R. V. Iftsollett, Alevander am & w a iter Kershaw, J. Stanley, lion. W. U. S. r• kion.io, lus. A. T. Strkkland, Sir G. Dorm* L. 11. J. &irk, W. !OW, Rt. llon. E. Otrin, J.'" I h Labourbere, 11. Stuart, Henry °m.o. I ,a- I Laing, U. Thickens.. R. A. Dowais, himund Langiun, 11. 0, Thompson, George Luke, W. j. : '. , t :said Layard, A. IL I E.1.a.1 yes. W. t i i Henry Legh, G. C. Ge..e..e G0174(0 Lewic Sir T. Y. In thart, A. E. Thornely, Thomas Townshend. Captain Vane, Lord H. Vernon, O.K. U. Villiers, It. lin. C. P. Vyryin, it R. & W M . A. M. LO .C. R. Walloon, Admiral Eds. C. Luc ~ T. West, F. IL irellatil Ulan. E. Mackie, J. Whitman. James Dial. Jr p. Illaclincion, W. A. Whitbread, Samuel Manrir W. Ilatriregor, James Wickhins, II W. EMIL W. J. It'Greg rr, Jilin Willuneon, W. A. Miser IC Wrartgart, Sir J. Williams, William MIK J. Marjonlautla, U. C. Wilson, James Via, sir B. Martin, J. Winningham. BIZ T.S. Iliprue. J. ?Suleiman, J. Wood, but C. gangrrsid, J. D. Matheson, A. Wyndham, William Mei, IL Matheson, Sir J. Young, Mr Juba Palm 3. H. Milligan, IL boar. C. Mil la, Thomas ?SLUMS. Ferteanle. C. Moffatt, George Kayla?, W. G. gm W. J. Moksworth, Mr W. lialielsy, 0. NOEL 'Amu, opt. M. Eamonc;;.Joha Luca', Frederick %%loam E..rstcr, Sir George Maguire, J. F. acraerhay Proven, C. H. Manners, Lord J. aJ. Fuller, A. E. . Michell, William IMAM M. Hon. 0. George, John Montgomery, U. L. gaup, Thomas Greene, John O'Brien. Patrick imr4 )Lt gp Grerille, CoL F. O'Brien, Sir Inuit+) BOnlard, W. Grogan, Edward Putter, Hebert rair, Cowart Halsey, T. P. litanLope„ J. B. i N.J. 11111,16.1 N, W. W. Sullivan, Michael god, L. H. Hill, Lord A. E. Taylor, Colonel yusaur, T. W. 11111111.0, W. F. Thomson, Mr. Ald. Indy, John Joilik, Sir W. O. H. Vance. John Lies, Nworave Keening, Robert Williams, T. P. Cana. Laid t:.l'. Kelly, or F. Wyndham, Gomel Clive, baton Leonedy, Tristram OMB, 11. It. her, U. S. TI LL ••• Cockily, M. E. Ketrison, Mr E. C. Kiss, J. K. Terme, Pir R. Uffii. Coloul Liddell, U. 0. Brooks, Mr A. gpe Court. Her Majesty will bold a Privy Council on &tur as, anarafam, the 11th inst., at Buckingham Palace. The E orl of Aberdeen had an audience of the Queen, yes- Igagctd Buckingham Palate. Albert rode out on horseback, yesterday morning, allemded by Captain the Hun. Dudley De Ike. The Gist's and Prince Albert took a dries in an open Woe and fair, yesterday afternoon. Lord Charles Fits ay mil Captain theMon.Dudley De Boa attended on horse let!. The royal dinner circle, last evening, at Buekinsham Nem, occluded the Austria& Minister and Countese oda, Bari Spencer, Viscount and Viscountess Sydney, Vis alia Joc.ljn, Lord and Lady Wodehosm, Lady Cowley, tad lord Seaton. The bead of the Coldstream Guards attended in the Mee daring dinner, and performed tail following " Tuill " ;;;• " aliaillia . agoveliggrabe Wes Ilya= Swig anna Meath " Mae 1 I I I 6 % " I DI= . Angelina .—....— e=l .l lllgialline MIL Philip Crawley. of Lent, accompanied by the Princess hiallolio of Noboolobs, mud attended by Lady Anna Maria Damon rod Irmo de Spsth, left town yesterday for ben vollimoo, Tape w. • deputation ken the convent:los of the Royal Burghs Of kotand, ocarialag of the Lord Provost of Edinburgh, M Lord Prou st di Glasgow, Mr. Whitefoord Diackeusie, OM Haillie Illetrimedari an iaterviaw with the Right lion. B. Cardwell yeaenday at the lima of Trade. • deputatisa hem the Code. Railway Company, coo. slating of Messrs. Robe* W. Crawford, R. G. (Jordon, J.O. Frith, Breast', 0.11., !and Cooper, secretary of the y, had as Wonky with the Hake of Newcastle y at the CalenioloMee. The Marquis Olsen lad as interview with Viscount Palatentaa puterday at tbe Hceno-olike. Mr. Whisdompi )psis, from the convention of the WOW flealark had an interview with the Chan ol of us Illealstnor yesterday at his of residence 1 Is Demilipluese. 1 A Aegowska tree the parish of Et. George's-in-the-Bast lel askonfew with Viesesat Palmerston at the Home- The deputation consisted of the Rev. LW (mew), Mr. Samuel nudger and Mr. John (churchwardens), and Mr. W. L. Howell (vestry Tleßev. Mr. Lake had an interview with the Duke of Newcastle yesterday at the Colonial-ofilee. Tin Duica or; (imoa.—Yasterday, his Royal Risher' the Duke of Gems, seeempanied by a large petty of ladies sad inallomem went to Rielnnond, end inekfasted at the elk esi Garter, The Duke, meow pried by his Tamilleasy As Sardinia& Minister, drove ma to Bra pas NM efts, bresktest, and inspected the lesion pane mad prism In the evening his Royal La be= Unsaved the Earl and Oeuntees Granville with Me at dinner, at their mimics in Britton-street bMblu frets were invited to meet his royal eL PRINCE ALBERT AT THE TRINITY HOUSE. We yesterday reported the fact that a banquet in been given at the Trinity house on Saturday, when a Isms and distinguished company supported Prince Albert, who, as the master of the corporation, occupied the chair. The press were not admitted, but from a voluminous short hand report sent to us last night by the corporation, we give the following speech of Prince Albert. It may be aided that all the speeches were of the usual after-dinner cempliwatary character, and contained nothing of political or commercial importance. Prince ALREHT, in returning thanks after his health had been drunk, said: My lords and gentlemen,—Allow me east sincerely to thank you for the kindness with which you hive received the toast which the deputy master has jest proposed to you, and I beg to thank him for the very obliging terms in which be has proposed my health. When this important corporation elected me as tea muter, I was well aware that I did not ewe it to any permed merit of my own giving me CiSiOU to such • distinction, and I might well have passed before I undertook to succeed, in any task or poetical, that greet man whom few could hope ever to equal is talent, energy, and wisdom. But I felt that I saw in the choice of the brethren an evidence of their desire to salt their respect and attachment to the throne ; and in my own acceptance of the office, the means for the Queen to testify through me her interest and solicitude for British famine sad navigation, and British seamen. Ever Ware King Henry the Eighth, one of the high functions of the state has been delegated to this corporation— namely, that of lighting the emit, piloting vessels, med tended% aid and meielimes le the poor merchant mom. vim out the MB sad ;demises of his whealmows Ilk Thworld been Iselimsay to the filliner in width them duties hare l e and las reke le awes that en he mere le the separable then that which W emir hem by ems breekeet en tee other side of the /Was. The ever.elassming, rema. Wig. led paseemehig inlinumese time, have in their heritable °Paredes made themielese felt with regard to 116 Imitation sol the milt is due to the whist swipmelelhm whisk Ile dila brethren have the tr dumb made epos da gew ilear, hear.) a hltherto *Omni the alma Power of Wig re public for VW °keels of &dr they cheer. , her sassatiml le wink *sir gain is the *Meat pub- Iller Wiser sal meirall•f=t• Their own p ower serfs wiereit without The interests of the taw mama they felt dwilmiwas imp' lead eseam. (Hear.) repatmusg any wish te releleWaseew in the dis tribution of a i m asides whisk in fact thee bed Wm , rto looked flees as ad and respond& M 6=ol eat rt j ed themselves *sir Menem to briug the owrialeissimairder the meeks of her Majesty's government, led met be the inhering is framing a floossrl. the peeped Widish is is relieve a clam without impairing lie mmd strength and ae1=11116.89. otili hips that the Mrs will not s • from making the attempt Pot a l the corporation of the Trinity House have dome thanks are *sly duo to the excellent Deputy Mester and the elder brethren who kite supported him in W ettlasult duties. ghe erareso• TO CORIMPON DENTS. • lomat &Mks " Tt» Exprera 1;;Tho sum " Moats," la every Tuesday sad Yriday aight , tibbe kr kat Iroeuseraosto intended foe "Tfe Ramo," Loadem Eves's. payer. SOW be at the office, 10. Bonvorio.dzoot, b 7 Two o'clock on tie Wu et pabbatiom. HIGH WATIR AT LONDON BRIDGE. Ti. D/11.411111168. n 2%. 41m. f 6: sim.' as . 14. LONDON, TUESDAY, JUNE 7. THE rise in the Bank rate of interest was not un expected. To suppose that the Directory of that establishment will study the public interest, and not that of its proprietary, is contrary alike to theory and experience; and it is a sort of niaiserie to blame it because it has not taken the former into considers- Ulu. It is a mere joint-stock bank, which happens to be the banker of the Government, and has some exclusive privileges which no joint-stock or other bank ought to have. It claims and receives these not for the public advantage but for its own good, and it does and will use them to this end. We cannot explain its conduct by any reference to public or po litical principles ; it considers its connexion with the Government in subordination to its own interest just as any private trader might do in any other trading transaction; and we must look exclusively at that fact to comprehend its recent proceeding. We have already pointed out in this journal that the bulk of the Bank capital is already lent to the I Government, and that what it has to lend to the public mainly consists in the deposits it receives from individuals, and on the Government deposits. The relation between the sum of them and the sum it has lent on private securities is the test of its ability to make further advances with safety and success. The amount of deposits in its possession, and of its advances on private securities now and at this time last year, compare as follows: Amount of Public and Amount of Private Private Deposits. Securities. ➢lay 28, 18.53.... £17,541,970 £14,021,714 " 29, 1852.... 18,748,681 10,704,646 £1,206,711 £3,317,069 Thus it has, in 1853,1,208,7111. of capital less at its command, and it has advanced 3,317,0891. more than in 1842. Clearly, therefore, its ability to lend now with safety is 4,523,7801. less than it was at the cor responding period last year. In the face of a rise of 1 per cent. since that period in the rate of interest, tho demands on it for loans amount to 3,300,0001. more than then. The Bank returns, always a week behind the time, tell us nothing of the operations of this last week, and we have reason to know that very large additional demands were made on it—in anti cipation, perhaps, of a rise in the rate of interest— between last Monday and Thursday. It is probable that the nut week's returns will show that it has advanced upwards of 4,000,0001. more than last year. The Bank, therefore, can lend almost any sum of money it pleases at the present rate of interest; and the experience of the last four months and of the last week, shows that its customers are willing to pay for the accommodation a still higher rate. Keeping its own interest in view, therefore, it is bound to chirge higher. The Bank accounts vary very much, as every one knows, within each quarter, because it has at the beginning to pay large sums for the Government, as salaries and dividends, while the payments into the Bank on account of the Government are continuous and gradual through the quarter. As the rule, its advances on private securities augment au the quarter advances, and are paid back to it about the same period as it makes large payments for the Govern ment. To have a fair view of its present condition we must compare it with a similar part of the quar ter in relation to the payment of the dividends at the end of February and the end of November. The deposits were on _ _ February 26, 1853 £19,456,672 lioramber 27, 1854 The private securities were on February 28,1853 £14,928,214 November 27, 1852 At the end of February, therefore, the des were nearly 2,000,0001. more than now, though the advances were almost 1,000,000!. more, and the differ ence is the measure of the lessened ability of the Bank, in the present quarter, to lend. At the end of November the deposits were upwards of 2,000,0001. more than now, and its advances about 2,000,0001. less, so that its present ability to lend, as compared to the end of November, is less by 4,000,0001. In the face of a rise in the rate of interest of 1 per cent., the Bank had advanced 8,000,0001. more in February than in November. But between the end of February and the present time there has been no advance, and the position of the Bank, so much weaker in February than in November, is still weaker at the end of May. The rise in the rate of interest has not been sufficient to replace the Bank in the position it occupied at the end of the year. Such being its comparatively weak condition at present, and the privete deposits regularly decreasing week after week from 14,933,8971. on April 9th to 11,936,5831. on the 28th ult., the Bank must have been somewhat alarmed to find the public deposits, which, at this period of the quarter, generally in crease at the rats of 600,0001. a week, suddenly and most unexpectedly decrease, according to the returns published last Friday, 209,0851., making in the week a diminution of its customary loanable resources of upwards of 700,0001. The source of this unexpected decrease of the public deposits we are not acquainted with, but probably it was payments on colonial ao- 1 counts. ♦Ve remember that there was a similar un expected, and inexplicable decrease in the summer of last year ; but, whatever its source, it must have been very influential in the Bank parlour. At present the public deposits are 5,608,4121. against 5,668,2991. last year at this time. There is no comparative deficiency in this portion of the re sources of the Bank, but there is the fart standing before us that 3,116,0001., according to the Economist, must be paid in money in a few days to the holders of Exchequer Bills who have refused to renew them on the terms offered by the Government. The effect of this 0 will be to reduce by that amount the balances in the Exchequer, which have for a long time been inconveniently large," which is another form of expression for reducing the Govern ment deposits in the Bank to that amount, and so reduce its already crippled power to lend by 3,000,0001. more. Besides this certainty of the Government taking its money out of the Bank, there is a proba bility of the Government speedily wanting more money, and new borrowers coming into the market, of an increased demand for the purposes of trade ; and all these circumstances justify the proceeding of the Bank, sad we make it quite superfluous to seek for any political causes for raising the rate of interest. Its reseumes at present are insufficient to meet the pro bable demands en it, and it raises the terms on which it will comply with them. It must not be inferred from the conduct of the Bank that the trade of the country either is or is likely to be involved in difficulties. The position of the •Bank in relation to the Government engaged in an extensive and unsuccessful financial operation is no citerion of the condition of trade. An immense nutSber of bills fell due on Saturday, and they were all leaclily met, a sure proof of the soundness of our ocsoinerce. A rise has taken place, and is taking THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, JUNE 7, 1853. place, in the price of many commodities ; there is a! growing apprehension for the com i ng h arves t, no t ' only here but on the Continent, and the corn merchants of England, preparing to meet the emer gency, aro ordering more corn from America and from the east of Europe. From the extension of trade and the general rise of prices, freights have risen ; ships enough for the ordinary purposes of commerce can scarcely be obtained, and all these cir cumstances extend very much the demand for capital. Some payments, too, for making railways are still in progress, though of no very great amount, but while they are an investment of capital, for the sake of income, never to be returned,—the expenditure of which only pays the wages of labourers, many of them now foreigners, and replaces the capital of some brickmakers, ironmssters, and others, some of wham are foreigner,,—the capital invested in trade, in supplying Australia, in importing corn, in bring ing hither cotton and wool, and all the raw material of manufactures, is continually renewed or replaced with a profit. All the present and all the recent extensions of business, therefore, requiring a large increase of capital, but stimulating production and consumption in every part of society, serve, as the enterprises are completed, continually to enlarge the capital of the country. The gold which has of late been poured in so plentifully, a great deal of which has been exported almost as soon as it arrived, has no peculiar utility or value that should make us prefer it to other capital ; but when it comes hither in greater abundance than it goes away, it is a proof that the enterprises of our mer chants have been successful. The increase of gold, as of other commodities, is a test of their having carried on a profitable trade, and it is only as a proof of the increase or decrease of capital in the country that the increase or decrease of the gold in the Bank of England can have any influence over the rate of interest. The bullion in the Bank at present is 17,944,5471., a large supply is relation to the notes in circulation, and in relation to the average quantity of bullion in the Bank. But the bulk of this gold belongs to its depositors; there is a certainty of a large sum being abstracted from it, and the amount has successively declined from 20,686,5171. at this time last year, from 22,065,3491. at the end of July last year, and from 20,527,6621. at the beginning of the present ' year to the sum above mentioned. In losing, as we have shown, a large portion of its deposits, the Bank has lost the gold from its vaults, and there is thus evidence, not only of the diminution of its own resources, but of continual demand for capital which the returns of trade at present do not immediately replace. In fact, rising prices and considerable profits continually tend to increase trade, and the merchant no sooner completes one successful operation than he engages in another still more extensive; thus while the supply of capital is continually augmenting, the de mands on it by his success are continually increasing. The abstraction of gold from the Bank, as its great depository, and the gradual rise of the rate of interest in the market, wholly independent of the Bank, indi cate that capital is not replaced with an adequate profit quite as fast as it is expended. For a brief period, therefore, wholly irrespective of winds or arrivals from Australia, we may expect a tightened money market; but the action of the Bank which brings this condition prominently into notice, and helps to strengthen it, is mainly dictated by its own comparatively enfeebled resources, and slightly only by the demand for capital being temporarily in ex cess of the aver-renewed supply. LAST night's adjourned debate on India was very ponderous. Sir hits Wm Boon was ready with a formidable array at figures to allow what a debt of gratitude India owes to Leadenhall street. But if less confused than -PRESIDENT of the &mac of CONTROL in his statements, he was equally unsuccessful in making out the case he sought to establish. The impression gains ground, and is likely to gain ground, that this Government measure on India is merely a Continuance Bill, under the pretence of real legislation. There is no term to the proposed new arrangement; and the way is open for further legislation whenever we please. Most foolishly the Government throw away all the advantage they might derive from a temporary arrangement, and subject themselves to allthe mischief, without any of the benefit, of assuming that the matter will be settled should the new measure pass. If they had avowedly proposed a Continuance Bill for a couple of years there would have been more satisfaction in India, among those who most need satisfaction, than has been caused by any other legislative act we ever had to report to them. They would have borne their (Mill with some patience, ander such an engage. ment that their ease should be looked into. But, the Government say, the Board of Directors and other authorities, pray for settlement above everything. Immediate legislation was the key note last night of Sir J. Went Hoax Nothing is so bad for India as suspense. But the Directors must know very well that theirs is a sus pensive meow& and not a renewed leave for twenty years. So Leadenhall-street must be displeased, too. And weir they may be; for no man with a grain of sense will take this proposed bill as a settle. meat. The measure is wonderfully like its pro- pounder, as he appeared on Friday night—at once vague and finical--arrogant and uncandid—unre panting and grudging, but compelled to yield —full of ostentation, while wholly below the occa sion. One small particular shows the spirit and logical quality of the speech as well as half a hundred. Sir C. WooD, in presenting a pic ture of native Indian life under our rule, enlarged upon the blessing of the small taxation of the people. He quoted the " great poli tical economists" for the doctrine that taxation should be raised from the smallest possible number of articles, saying " that recommendation is entirely attended to in this case, and every article of con sumption in India is excluded from tax except salt." Three. times over, he pointed out that salt is the only taxed article of consumption. How the con sumption of salt, which is a prime necessary of life to a population living on vegetable food, has fallen off to an enormous extent, we have already shown. This salt—by the enormous taxing of which in former times hundreds of thousands of the natives were swept off by disease—has now, under lighter duties, returned less to Government, by a very heavy sum, in three years, than before. What an inference this yields, as to the state of the people which Sir CHARLES WooD and Sir JASON Willi Bonn repro sent as improved and continually rising. What an infliction it is to read their basting;, when we know what the state of things really is ! and if it be so to us, who are interested in the case only through conscience and sympathy, what must it be to the people of India, sitting amidst their desolation, to hear of the pictures offered to our Parliament and nation of the bleadngs of our rule in Hindustan Sir C. WooD draws unfavourable likenesses of the mien who were there before us. It is a pity he did not think what might be said by those who will come after us. It is from official personages on the spot that we learn (for the natives have no means of informing us) that the native aristocracy are disap pearing; that the native gentry are gone; and that the peasantry are paying the taxes with their tools and cattle, after having parted with their per sonal ornaments. And this is true of regions widely apart. And it is not owing to the settlement among them of colonising English. It is not a case of the melting away of an inferior race in the light of a superior. We do not colonise that vast dependency of ours, rich as it is in all reitural wealth and full of advantages for the production of all that can be made. Perhaps the nearest approach to eloquence in the whole speech was the sentence which described the relation of the English to India —" We go, we govern, and we return." In fact, only 337 British have settled on the land in all that enormous territory ; and the number of British in the whole country unconnected with the Government scarcely exceeds 100,000. While their own upper classes are thus melting away and none come to supply their places--while the expenditure for wars is to that for the arts of peace as forty-two to one-- while they are segregated in villages where they suffer under an alternaticin of want and glut which yields no remainder —while the want of capital dooms them to a condition ever sinking—while English capital finds its way to all the hands in the world but theirs, Sir C. Woon gives out in Parliament that he must say that he sees " no evidence that the condition of the people of India is not as good as that of the peasantry in most parts oven of the civilised world." We have been accustomed to think the evi dence of Indian famines tolerably strong : and a de clining salt tax would be commonly supposed to come under the head of evidence, when it is the only article of consumption that is taxed. That the population purchase only Is. Id. worth per head of our oommodities in the year, while the half-slava population of South America purchase to the amount of Bs. Bd. per head, is what we should call evidence that the condition of the peasantry , is inferior to that of other countries. Sir CHARLES Woon deprecates all comparison of India to England, and he observes his own rule in regard to blessings; but when we come to curses, he violates it directly. We are not to comp= e his happy pea santry with our own : but, in regard to some acknowledged vices and miseries of our Indian management, he picks out our worst vices and mise ries at home to compare them with. He matches saisexiss as a tailor matches cloths. He exhibits the per , Juries of natives, but fails to admit that we have not tried to educate them to something better. He says much about the judges, and the paucity of appals from their decisions ; but there was not a word , about the dread in which our courts are held by the people, and of the sufferings they will endure rather than undergo our justice. He related an anecdote of the jealousy of the natives when one of their race was put into office; and he seemed entirely insen sible to the cutting censure of such an illustration of our relation to the people. He spoke of our was as an affiiction—in the same tone in whisk he would have spoken of a hurricane or the cholera and audaciously held up to admiration the mite we! had spent in pacific objects, as if we had not emptied out a full treasury for purposes of aggression and do_ minion. He spoke of our double government of India as if a genuine administration of Indian affairs were really the result, and as if he did not know that it takes three years to get a letter answered by Govern ment, while there have been three Presidents of the Board of Control in one February. This will not do. If the Hindoos can bear it, the English cannot. Oar anxiety, our shame, our lose. our peril about Indian affairs, must not be mocked by special pleadings and general boastings like them. I I We will have Haileybury and Addiscombe thrown open—of course. That is the smallest thing we in tend to have. If anybody likes the amusement of chopping and changing about the Directors, let this play at that game, on the understanding that IS la not to stand in the way of real business. We taut go to business, and that immediately—to get wall compacted responsible government organised for India, and laws that can work, and courts that can be confided in, and a power of control over war makers, and a power of stimulating the arts of peace. While Ministers are extolling their bits of road, and their dribble of irrigation, we must press on to stretch a highway for our commerce across the whole expanse of our dependency, and bees Amalie for British capital through its entire =taut, that from the commercial seed moral harvests war spring, where now all is as barren—as official speedos on difficult subjects. TURKEY. The Austrian Correspondence, of the 2nd inst., contains an article, evidently of an official eharacter, in which it is remarked with satisfaction that, not withstanding the departure of Prince Menchikoff, the hope of preserving peace is everywhere cherished. The writer appeals to the known uprightness of the Emperor Nicholas, that this hope may not be deceived. The official Austrian organ asserts in an unqualified manner that the maintenance of the Turkish empire in its integrity is essential to the equilibrium of Europe, and expresses the belief that the united exertions of all the cabinets will succeed in perfectly settling the present difference. We have letters from Constantinople of the 23rd ult., the principal contents of which the telegraph has of course forestalled. One of our correspondents having noticed the departure of Prince Menchikoff, and stated that M. Oseroff remained behind to give time for the families of the different members of the embassy to prepare for leaving, adds :—" Everybody here believes there will be no war, nevertheless the government is making . strenuous exertions for re sisting possible aggression. The demands of Prince Menehikoff were such as it was impossible for the Divan to comply with. He demanded that the Sultan and his government should become responsi ble to St. Petersburg for their government of the Christians of the Greek church, nothing less than this. No promise, no flrman would do. The Sultan must sign a treaty. The effect of this all can see. Eleven millions of people now subject to the Sultan, would be taught that they owed protection and considerate treatment to the Czar, while taxation came from the Sultan alone. The Turk had much better give away Moldavia, Wallachia, Seem, and Bulgaria to boot, than abdicate his most honourable functions in the manner proposed. The agents of Russia say " how moderate are the demands of the Czar. How little grounds for the strong language that has been used." Moderate, indeed ! True the brutality, the Mus covite savagery displayed by Menchikoff when first be arrived, are not interwoven into the text of the treaty. There is a measured gravity in the draught of the Boned or treaty pro posed by Russia ibut look at its substance. To take one paragraph in the &med. It is said that no change shall be made in the rights, privileges, and franchises which have been enjoyed of old, or are now enjoyed by the churches, the religious founda tions, and the Greek clergy in the states of the Sublime Porte, but the same shall be secured for ever on the basis of the strict stain quo. This stipulation' would give the Czar a right to interfere respecting the mode of administering justice, distributing taxa tion, and a score of other classes of municipal affairs in Turkey. The Greek clergy are the magistrates of the orthodox, with power to fine and basting& It is one of the rights, privileges, and immunities for which Menchi koff stipulates. And let no one say that Russia would be seen to use and strain the prerogatives pro posed t• be granted in this treaty. Call to mind those few words in the treaty of Kntschuk Rainer**, "The minister of the imperial Russian court at Con stantinople shall have the right of speaking in favour of these provinces doldavia and Wal lachia) u often as occasion may require, and the Sublime Porte promises to hearken to him with the regard due to a friendly and respected power." How simple, natural, and unpretending, Low much a matter of course do these words ap pear. And yet upon this basis, narrow and slender as it seems, the Russians have reared their permanent intervention in the affairs of the principalities north of the Danube, and practically ousted the Sultan from his sovereignty. How much more would they slo so now, could they but bind the Sultan to them selves exclusively by a treaty of which they would, as in like cases they always have done, constitute themselves the interpreters. The Sultan has acted courageously and wisely in resisting such preten sions. Another correspondent writes, also on the 23rd tilt.;—" The Russian armaments still continue; and advice. of the 21st inst. state that a number of bridges for the passage of the Danube are being con structed at Ismail. The Turkish fleet has been rein forced by the arrival of 5 frigates and a corvette from the coast of Albania. The Egyptian squadron is also expected. The Turkish army amounts, I am informed, to about 150,000 men—some say more. The Wasp arrived here from Malta on the 19th inst. The Chaptal,which left this on the same day with her, has not yet returned. The French fleet is stationed at Salamis, consisting of 8 ships of the line, expecting a reinforcement of 4 others. Ours is still at Malta: SWITZERLAND. The liund, a semi-official organ of the Federal Council, has the following answer to the assertion of the Suisse, that France had signified an intention to support Austria in its difference with Switzerland : According to some journals the French government, by the organ of its represeutative, has made known at Berne that it recognises the justice of Austria's demands, and sup. ports them. Without professing to penetrate French poll. tics, we think we can say that this news must be received with the utmost reserve. That overtures on the subject of the conflict with Austria may have been made on the part of the French legation we have no doubt ; but, es to the nature of these communications, we have reason to believe they have been made in the form of friendly counsel, and expressed wishes that Switzerland might settle her differ ences with Austria peaceably, and that, if possible, she should accede to her demands without compromising her own rights and dignity. FRANCE. PARIS, MONDAY EVENING. Yesterday his Excellency Vely Eddin Rifaat Pasha, Ambassador Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the Sublime Porte, had a private audience of the Emperor, for the purpose of pre senting the Sultan's reply to the letter announcing the marriage of his Majesty. A despatch from Marseilles announces the arrival of the packet from:Constantinople. The letters brought by it, dated May 20, cannot be delivered in Paris till to-morrow evening or Wednesday morning. Letters of the 23rd, arrived by land, state that M. Pisani, Chancellor of the Russian Legation, and his employbr, remain at Constantinople. The Chancery assumes, till further order, the appellation of " the Commercial Chancery of Russia. The fleet com manded by Ahmet Pasha entered the port on the 21st. That from Egypt was expected from one day to another with from 23,000 to 30,000 men. There was a talk at Constantinople of the nomination of Halil-Pacha, brother-in-law of the Sultan, as ambassador extraordinary to St. Peters burg. Although a peaceable solution was still con sidered probable, preparations for defence were going on with undiminished activity; 4,000 barrels of pow der and other munitions of war had been brought from the arsenals, and served oat to the fleet and army. The Pays has an article upon Swiss affairs, which, although signed by M. Capefigue, a writer who for some time inset has made himself supremely ridi culous, probably expresses the opinions which the government wishes to be understood to profess at least for the moment. Speak ing of the difference between Switzerland and Prussia, on the subject of Neufchatel, he says it is impossible that this question can longer remain unsettled, and he plainly insinuates that Switzerland must give up the possession of this canton to Prussia. In support of this view he uses an argument, which, if consistency were not wholly out of fashion, must seem strange in the mouth of one of the writers in or dinary of a government which but a few short months ago paraded on the Champs de Mars the motto Vox poptdi cox Doi. M. Capefigue says: " The demo cratic government of Berne replies to the claims of Prussia that the sovereignty of the people, ever com petent to pronounce upon the form of its government, &chums against the suet:minty of the King of Prussia, and therefore there is nothing more to be said about it. This theory, borrowed from Rousseau's Control social, may be very sustainable at Berne, Lausanne, and Shaffhausen,but we doubt whether it will find an echo at Vienna, Berlin, and St. Petersburg." He warns Switzerland that, brave and patriotic as her citizens may be, she can stand no chance against the German armies which surround her on all sides. On the Austro-Swies question, M. Capefigue does not favour the world with any precise opinion, but he declares generally with much energy in favour of a peace policy, upon the ground that war, however commenced, would enure to the benefit of the revo lutionary party in Europe. As, at the sound of the last trump, the Scripture tells us the dead will rise in the body as they were at the hour of their death, so, says M. Capefigue, the first clarion of war would rouse from their shrouds, in flesh, bones, and blood—Po land, Hungary, and the Duchy of Milan. Therefore he concludes "regular cabinets" have nothing to gain by a war. A question not to be lost sight of is, whether in case of war breaking out, the court of the Tuileries would rank among regular cabinets ? It is quite upon the cards, and many think the cor tingenoy not improbable, that if war were inevitable, Louis Napoleon, to maintain his position, would be driven to put himself at the head of the revolutionary war party, and to go for universal suffrage all over the world. The dasemblle, continuing to advocate the cause of Russia, suggests to-day that if that power should declare war upon Turkey, it will be because the attacks of the French and English press make it impossible that she should draw back with a due regard to her own honour and dignity. It then throws down a defiance to Europe, and plainlyde clares that in spite of all the powers can do, the Ottoman empire lies entirely at the mercy of Russia. It mays: II the struggle were to begin what would be the consequences, and what could London, and, above all, Pans promise to themselves. They might cross the Darda- nelles, they might burn the Russian fleet in the Black Sea. Granted. But when this exploit should be accomplished would they hinder the Russians from entering Constanti nople ? The most sanguine will not dare to affirm that they could. Russia thee would lose a fleet, but she would not the less become mistress of the capital of the Turkish em pire, and then of necessity she must be treated with, for no power would undertake to turn her out by force. The Gazette du Languedoc published at Toulouse, has received a warning for having, when speaking of the encouragement given by the government to associations formed to provide more comfortable lodgings for the poorer classes, endeavoured to prove that the government was becoming socialist. The Mositessr announces the euecessful continua tion of the expedition against the Babyles, consisting in burning several of their villages, and the loss of a considerable number of lives on both sides. The Bourse was very quiet to-day. Although the Turkish question was regarded favourably, and par ticularly in reference to an article by M. de la Guer ronniere in yesterday's Pays, there was a general disposition to wait for news before doing huffiness. The article in question was considered an indication that France was not disposed to go further than England in the Eastern matter, and would not alone maintain a quarrel which it determines to regard as an European one. Prices were weak, and quotations at the close were generally somewhat lower than on Saturday. DENMARK. The Danish ministry has carried the day in moat of the elections for the Second Chamber of the Diet. It is now, therefore, probable that the succession bill, in conformity with the protocol of London, will be accepted by the new parliament. The most eminent men of the late chamber declined the contest which has just terminated, perceiving that the government was determined to carry its point, and not wishing to put the constitution to a strain too severe. The customs line of the Danish monarchy was re moved to the Bibe on the Ist inst., and fixed there. DIATII or COUNT BA so.—Letters from Turin of Friday lostreport the death of Count Balbo, formerly Pre eldest of the Ministerial Council of Sardinia. The count was one of the most eminent members of the Chamber of Deptties and a historian deservedly esteemed. SPAIN. The Madrid journals of the Ist, which arrived this morning, mention only one fact worth noticing. Lord Ilowden. the British Ambassador at the Court of Spain, left Madrid on the 31st ult., on leave of ab sence for six months. M. Otway is to act as Charge'. d'Affaires. Wo have already stated, on the authority of a letter from Madrid, that it is not ex pected that Lord Howden will return to Spain as Ambassador. GERMANY. AUSTRIA. A letter from Vienna, in the Independence of Brussels, says The marriage of the Duke de Brabant and the Archduchess Maria llenrietta will take place by proxy at Vienna, in August next, it is said,on the 12th • the Duke de Brabant will be repre sented by the Archduke Albert. The ladies fixed on to accompany the new Duchess de Brabant as far as the Belgian frontier, are the Countess Clam-Martinitz, as Grand Mistress, and the young Countesses Thai's° Wrbna and Elise Festetics de Tolna,aa Maids of Ho nour. The last-named lady is daughter of Count Festetics, ex-Grand Master of the late Palatine J oseph ." ELECTION EXPOSURES. LIVERPOOL. Yesterday, on the re-assemblinK of the committee, Witham Allanson was called, and identified Mr. George Henry Horviall as having been a member of Mackenzie and Turner's committee. While he was at the Scotland ward, Mr. Hotafell passed some ribbons under the counter to him. and he gave a dozen or two to different people. Never said to any one he bad been paid d—d well for what he had done. M. Wa'thew examined—Stated that he was at Pycroft's when two postmen brought letters there, and he and his nephew called over the names in the register hook against those upon the letters. One of the postmen marked the letters, witness telling them whether they were for Turner and Mackenzie, or Cardwell and Ewart. Cross•examined—The postmen came sometimes to the committee roome to get the right numbers and addresses of the voters. James Walthew, nephew of the foregoing witness, corro borated this evidence. The postmen marked the letters. whether they were " for," doubtful, or against. The post men came a accord time on that afternoon, and were asked into a room, and the door locked, and the same thing trans pired, and they had beer and spirits, ordered by Mr. Clegg. None of the letters were opened, and he could not say whether there were cards or anything else enclosed. Wit ness called over about 30 letters in the morninn, and about 100 in the evening. DURHAM. Yesterday this inquiry was resumed by counsel for the petitioners again calling Mr. Henry Marshall, solicitor of Durham, who had been in part examined on Saturday. The witness said he re mained at one of the polling booths in his capacity of re turning officer, from the opening to the closing of the poll, except for a short period, when he went te another room to poll himself. 'I he !parties acting in the booth he was at on behalf of Mr. Fenwick, were persons named Maddison, Elliot, and Kerr, as poll clerks; Mr. Archibald was agent for Lord A. Vane. lie saw George Blagden and George Green bring up a voter named Atkinson. Atkinson when asked who he'd vote for made an observation, at which Slag den and Green left him, and then a considerable commotion occurred among the crowd, which he (witness) interposed his authority to check. He saw Blagden afterwards bring up other voters, and they all polled for Lord A. Vane, except Atkinson, who had deceived them. Saw a person named Monkhouse there during the day bringing up voters for Lord A. Vane. Thinks Mr. Word, Mr. Tip lady, and Mr. Stafford were Lord A. Vane's canvassers; he heard so, and he saw George Blagden going into the Rose and Crown, Lord Londonderry's fan, with Lord A. Vane. He saw George Elliot and the Lambton agents " tearing the voter, to pieces." He also saw Thorman, another active partisan of the Vane party ; but he was not so violent as the others. Saw • person named Robert Hodgson, jun., come to poll • second time, but he (wit ness) refused to allow him, and sent for the mayor. Blagden was there, and he asserted the man had not polled before. Cross.examined by Mr. Knowles—At the time the voter Atkinson came up, Lord A. Vane was considerably ahead, and he thought, as far as his booth went, the contest was decided before that. The voters for Lord A. Vane were driven up to the poll like a flock of sheep. Ile does not mean to say he saw Blagden go into the Rose and Crown with Lord A. Vane ; but he saw him near his lordship in the porch, and afterwards in the passage of the inn ; but there were several other persons also there—eight or nine perhaps. Believes he did say that the fellows who were coediog up )to support the petition would swear anything. (Laughter Mr. Serpent Kinglake objected to this answer being re oeived as evidence, as it was simply a matter of individual opinion, and not • matter of fact. Mr. Knowles having replied, it was decided the question should not be put. The witness, who had retired, was recalled, and on re examination by Mr. Overend, he said he had no doubt that, when he saw Blagden at the Rose and Crown, he was of Lord A. Vane's party, and was quite close to his lordship. By the Committee—Blagden is a master currier. John Nicholson Atkinson, examined by Serjeant King lake—Knows a voter named William Brown, and had some talk with him on the polling day. They went to look for Mr. Monk house and Mr. Jenems—they could not find them, and then they went to Mr. Jameson, who was at the house of George Brown. William Brown desired witnem to go upstairs, and in a bedroom on the first landing he found Christopher Jameson, a publican. Jameson asked him who he was going to vote for, and he said he had not made up his mind, that he ,(Jameson) had made him a promise at the last election, which he had not kept, Jame son then said that he would give him a loan of 3d, which witness refused ; and then Jameson left the room and came back and threw a piece of paper on the table, saying, " neither give it or lend it to you." Witness took it up and found it to be aIL note. Jameson also gave him 2s. "to get his allowance (refreshments.)" He then went down stairs and went away. He soon after met Robert Colston ; and, while talking to him, George Green came up and asked him ithe had polled, and witness said no. Then a person named Dickson came up and asked him if he had voted, and he said no he would not vote till he got some money. He asked witness how much he wanted, and he (witness) said 151. Dickson said that was too such, but he would give him 101. Eventually he went to the Rose and Crown, by di rection of Dickson, and he did so; and there he saw George Green, ani • person come in with a len& black, glazed coat on, and that he has since learned was George Blagden, who asked him (witness) to go up stairs, in a front-room ; there Blagden desired him to sit for three minutes. Blagden went out, and came back and asked witness how much he wanted, and witness said 151, when Blagden said be could have three votes for that. At last, after some parley, Blagden fi rst offered to place 51. in the hands of Green, but witness would not agree to that; then Blagden said he would place the money on the table cloth, and witness might lock the doo ,r and take the key V with him, and when he had polled for ane he might come back and take it ; witness still refused, and then Blagden pat five sovereigns into his hand. Blagden and Green then took him to the poll, one at each aide of him, and at the poll he voted for Fenwick, and then said to Blagden and Green, "How will that do for you, gentlemen ?" He after wards went to the committe room of Fenwick, and told this, and next day he pointed out Blegden to Mr. Henderson. Examined by Mr. Knowles—Witness is a turner and ma hogany worker. He believes he spent about 18 months in running foot races. He never ran a race "to lose " more than once ; that was a race for 51. He promised Mr. Fen wick to vote for him about five or six weeks betore the elec tion, as he " had the interest of the liberal party nt heart." He planned this plot (about " selling " the conservative party) in his own mind some weeks before the election. Lord A. Vane and Stafford came to his shop to canvass him, and Lord A. Vane said to him, "Now, look me in the face, and I'll make it all right." Mr. Fenwiek's party paid him' 1 for making a tally-board. The witness proceeded to say he never offered a voter named Cooke 31. if he would vote for Fenwick. He took a public-house called the Woodman in the latter part of Jan uary , bee never said he was to receive 1001. if he succeeded in unseating Lord A. Vane. lie never said anything of the kind. He never took possession of the public-house. He was to have taken it from Mr. Thompson, who proposed Mr. Fenwick at the last election, _ _ . - William Atkinson, brother of the last witness, and en at torney's clerk at the time of the election, but now a colleo tor of taxes, said he saw his brother on the day of the elec tion. They went together into a public house, and his brother took five sovereigns and a 61. note out of his pocket, and asked him (witness) to take care of them for him, saying that he had got the five sovereigns from Blagden and the 61. note from Jamieson to vote for Lord A. Vane, but he voted for Mr. Fenwick. (The witness produced the money now which his brother gave him on the day of the election.) Cress-examined—He was asked by Mr. Fenwick'e com mittee to keep the money, and mark it so that he might know it. He suspected, when he heard that, that there would be a petition. He bad advanced dl. or 61. to his brother in consequence of this money being withheld. He knows his brother intended to vote for Mr. Fimwick from the fir‘t commencement of the canvass. William Knightly said, on the polling day he overheard a conversation between Blagden and lurnbull, a voter. Blagden asked him if 51. would do, and Turnbull replied, "51., and lam for Lord A. Vane." He then distanotly saw Blagden drop five sovereigns into Turabull's ben d, telling him at the same tints he had better go and poll at once. Turnbull said he would not for an hour, and they (Turnbull and Blagden) made an appointment when they were to meet again. Turnbull, as he was going aw ay, saw him (witness), and he gave him ls., telling • to keep what ho had seen " squat , " meaning that he not to say anything about it. Ide told Mr. Fenwick that sense evening. The committee then adjourned to this morning. PETERBOROUGH. When the committee met yesterday, Mr. lames commenced summing up the came on behalf of the peg