The Express. — London, England, 1847-12-28 00:00:00

bt court. vow% MONDAT.—The royal dinner party at paw this evening will include the Duchess of hent, 'Zo o do Broglie, the Lady-in-Waiting of the Duchene of g o reness de Speth, the Marquis and Marchioness of N' co se, Lady Mary Howard, Mrs. Everard Bouverie, punnet Canning, and Viscount Palmerston. The band of ‘,omoadier Guards will attend danng dinner. Her Ma. . o private band w a in afterwards attend in the castle. "Niece George of Cambridge has arrived in town to °t wi n . His Royal Highnees went yesterday to the m odems of the Duke of Cambridge, at Yew. lbe Bishop of Llandaff had an interview with Sir G. or., Testerday—Tbe Marquis of Queensberry had also is istervlew yesterday with the Right Hon. Baronet, at the gow Cameue. Lord pbell and Lady Stratheden left town yes oink, on a visit to Lord and Lady Abinger, at Abinger hall, WTI) . * 1115 EXCELLENCY TILE DUKE DE BROOLIE.—The departure of his E xcellenc y on Sunda y evening for alr a m unexpectedly postponed in consequence of the o lds duke at the eleventh hour having received an invi,a sose from the Queen, to repair to Windsor Castle to partake dtproysl hospitality. The departure of his Excellency A immediately deferred until Wednesday or Thursday mo t Viscount Palmerston cams expressly from Woburn Abboyys-terday to proceed to Windsor Castle to remain goy until the close of the Duke's visit. It is the tint time *Duke de Broglie has been the guest of her Majesty since be resided his credentials. DEATH OF THE EARL OF HARROWBY. This melancholy event took place on Sunday at about four o'clock, at Sandon-hall, Stafford a From • private communication received in town ...parley from Sandon-hall, we gather that the venerable ;,;ii.asen had up to Friday last appeared in his usual health, 0 d had used over his birthday on Wednesday (the 22nd ;mt) in cheerful spirits. On Friday morning he was assailed by darning symptoms, and by noon that day his illness summed the mat dangerous aspect, so much so that letters sae despatched to the different members of the family, co i l ing them of the precarious condition of his lordship. me nriuzil to decline rapidly up!to the hour of his dime mien without any f a vourable change. Viscount and Lady DIMON S a ndon , the Hon. G. Dudley and Lady Georgians Ryder, and several other branches of his family, were at the d m slaying at Sandon.hall, and were consequently present at his death. Ilse late Dudley Ryder, Earl of Harrowby, county Lin coln; Viscount Sandon , of Sandon , c ount y Staffor d; and Baron Barrowhy, of county Lincoln, in the peerage of the United Kingdom, was eldest son of Nathaniel, first Lord auroirby, Uld Elisabeth, co-heir of the Right Rev. Richard ip ar ieh, Lord Bishop of London. He was born 22nd De amber, 1762, end had, therefore, completed his 85th year on Wednesday last. In July, 1795, be married Lady Susan WWII Gower, sixth daughter of Granville, first Marquis of Stafford, and aunt of the Duke of Sutherland. By that sl i m ble lady, who died in 1838, he had • large family, fear ions and five daughters—namely, the late Viscountem Ebrisgton, Viscount Sandon (now Earl of Harrowby), the Roc. Granville Dudley Ryder, Lady Mary Sawn', Lady Wharceliffe, the Hon. Frederick Dudley Ryder, the Hon. Edward (died in infancy), Lady Harriet Hervey, and Lady Leans Forteecue. The deceased earl entered on publm lib aeon after be attained his majority. He represented for lersral years (prior to his elevation to the peerage by the death of his father), Tiverton, in the House of GaraCeo. In 1800 he was appointed treasurer to the asp by Pitt. r.,‘ held that appointment up to Viscount Bidmouth's advent to power, end after Pitt's return to take the helm of the government, in 1804, he was appointed Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, but presided over that department for little more than twelve months. Ott the Earl of Liverpool's accession to office, in 1812, the liable lord (who had been created viscount and earl in 1809)- via appointed Lord President of the Council, which place he held up to the formation of the Right Hon. George Can siag's administration in 1827, a case unparalleled on record. It was during the time he occupied that position in the King's council that his lordship's name became concerned rcting the notorious Cato-street conspiracy. In Feb., 1820, the noble earl, then residing in Mansfieldatreet, gave 'cabinet dinner, and it was at that particular meetiag of the ministers that the conspirators thought of carrying out their sanguinary scheme. The discovery of the plot and the eventual execution of the ringleaders our readers are no doubt acquainted with. Of late years the deceased earl had avoided all interfer- Nee in political affairs, although a staunch tory of the old wheel, for his increasing years and the infirmities conse quent on his extreme age, precluded an active exertion on balf of kis political friends. He was nominated to the Privy Council as far back as 1790; was a governor of the Charter House; a doctor of civil law; a trustee of the British Museum; a commissioner for building churches; a Fellow of tie Society of Arts ; and High Steward of Tiverton. The deceased was grandson of Sir Dudley Ryder, the celebrated solicitor and attorney general, afterwards Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench, born in 1691, and died in 1756, while a patent was being made out to create him a peer. His son, Nathaniel, who had distinguished himself in the House of Commons, in consideration of the claims of his father, was created a baron by the title of Baron Hu towby in May, 1776. He died in June 1803, when the sub ject of this notice succeeded to the family honours. The late earl is succeeded in the title and family estates by Dudley, Viscount Sandon, before-mentioned. Ie wee born 23rd May, 1799, and married 15th Sept., 1823, lady Frances Stuart, fourth daughter of John, first Marquis of Bute, by whom he has a numerous family. The noble earl was educated at Oxford University, and there obtained an hosourable degree. He represented Tiverton in the House of Commons some years, when, in 1831, he was elected for Liverpool, which influential borough he sat for up to the re cent dissolution of parliament, when he resigned the charge he had so honourably fulfilled to the electors, hie retirement having caused general regret amongst the electoral body.— The families of the Duke and Duchess of Sutherland, Lord and Lady Wherncliffe, the Marquis and Marchioness of Bute, the Earl and Countess of St. Germans, Lord and Lady Jame Stuart, Sir George and Lady Grey, the Duke and Dachas of Beaufort, Viscount Morpeth, &c., are placed in mourning by the lamented event. THE BISHOP ELECT OF HEREFORD. Da. HAMPDEN'S ANSWER TO THE LONDON ADDRESS. —The address which we published on Saturday having been signed by nearly 700 of the clergy and laity of London, was presented yesterday to Dr. Hampden, at Christ Church, Oxford, by a deputation headed by Dr. Jenne, Muter of Pembroke. The address having been read, Dr. Hampden returned the following answer My Lords and Oentlereen,—Your address is peculiarly rearing to me at this moment of so much anxiety and I trouble. Pray, then, accept my heartfelt thanks for this kind and welcome expression of your feelings. lam far, however, from regarding this address as a mere matter o personal con ern to myself. The cause in which you are engaged is a much greater one than anything simply relating to an individual. Congratulations are much more due to you, my lords and gentlemen, for your strenuous support of our true protestant church, the doctrines and principles of which, as faithfully handed down to WI by our reformers, and maintained by our standard divines. I have in my place, as &minister and teacher of the church, earnestly ender'. vowed to set forth and inculcate. I heartily join with you in prayer that the hearts and hands of all may be 'nevelt said by the holy spirit to the defence of that pure faith which we possess through the teaching of our own apostolic end scriptural church. And I venture to hope that the benefit of such prayer will not be withheld, and that He who gives the will and the hearty desire to pray, will both bless your exertions for the truth, and my humble endeavour to serve Him truly in the high office in His church to which Re hascalled me.—l have the honour to remain, with the greatest respect, my lords end gentlemen, your very faithful humble servant, R. D. HAMPDEN, Christchurch, Dec. 27. TO THEEDITO It OF THE EZERESS. Sir,—The ?Mmes having refused to insert the ac companying letter in its paper, may I uest a place fence for the persecuted Dr. Hampden in your columns. —Your obedient, E. H. Ci. WILLIAMS. TO THn ZDITOH OF THE TU&U. MAHLHOZOUGH, DEC. 20, 1847.-Bir,—l have this day, for the first time, read the Bishop of Exeter's letter to Lord John Rowell, which appeared in your paper of Tuesday last, and not having baud of any answer to it, I presume that Lord Ishii Russell is more usefully engaged in his country's service, than in a theological wrestling with the Bishop of Exeter, though it bicker, fromhis masterly and effective reply to the remonstrant bishops, that he could easily, were he so disposed, give the bishop the fall. As the bishop's letter has been published, I hope I may not be considered presumptu ous in claiming the right of making same remarks on that lengthy and unfair letter, and on behalf of Dr. Hampden (or, to use the phrase of one of the many clergymen who have lauded my letters published in this county on the sub ject, "of injured innocence and calumniated integrity "). in the columns of .T.77.7i'vialeuoa f biewa ti nct;w f iodrely th rffo:e j d ;apt. intol the explanation which the bishop gives of the delay by the university of Oxford in issuing the Nullam FiChiciam bull, he says, During these four years Dr. Hampden was in no petition specially and immediately connected with theolo gical teaching." Does not the bishop know that during these four years Dr. Hampden had been appointed by the university Professor of Moral Philosophy, " that science (as Paley defines it) which teaches men their duty and the rea son/ of it " ? Or does he mean that morals ere not " ups daily and immediately conaected with theological teaching': ? Yet, till Lord Melbourne had appointed him to the regime professorship of divinity, not • word was breathed against his supposed heresy. But why does the bishop conceal this het of Dr. Hampden's appointment to the chair of moral philosophy a oonaiderable time after he had preached the Hampton Lectured, which contain " the principal Pert," as the bishop says, of the undefinable, inexplicable hussy, and that he continued in that chair up to his appoint !Met to the Begins Professorship of Divinity ? Did he me the admission of that fact a circumstance highly favourable to Dr. Hampden, and to the case of the university a heavy blow sad great discouragement ? But though this may be clever ha • paid advocate, is it honourable in a Christian bishop ? But, sir, there is a concealment by the bishop of two other bete equally well known to the bishop, equally favourable to Dr. Hampden and crushing to his opponents, and equally necessary to the true understanding of the cithe—a conceal ment which the acrimonious tone and terms of the bishop's War ma alone, and do, explain. The first fact to which I allude, is the large majority (16 out of 17 I have been told) et the heads of the colleges who voted in 1842 in favour M the removal of the Nullam Fiduciast bull ; and the second, the call of Dr. Hampden to sit at the head of the theological beard of exam,.._. The first of those facts, coupled with the addition of 125 to Dr. Hampden , s supporters in 1842, and the subtraction of 135 from hie persecutors, negatives beyond dispute the bold assert on of the bishop, in the " unaltered and unalterable judgment of the university." The second of these facts is no less important, though it suited the purpose of the bishop in flaying his meek and pious adversary, to conceal it. "He had been appointed," ear the bishop, " to the highest chair of divinity in Oxford : his influence, therefore, on its theo- logical teaching, and on the future character and usefuineu of the university, could not but be dreaded and deprecated." , Dreaded and deprecated ! Hard words for a bishop to use. I For eleven years Dr. Hampden has discharged his duty as rights professor of divinity with universal satisfaction—Me preached constantly before the university. His SIMON approved by many bishops. His testimonials required ham eandidates for ordination, educated at Oxford, by all the bishops, cave the "blameless" Bishop of Exeter. Five sixths of the heads of the colleges voted, in 1842, for the removal of the Nssila,e Ficircieres bull, and then OSMSS his unanimous call by the university to sit at the head of the theological hoard of examiners—a board established in 1842 for the very purpose of examining into the theological fitness of students preparing for the ministry of the church. Who dreaded, who deprecated, Dr. Hemp den's influence ? Surely not the electors who called him to this most important headehip. Who dreads or deprecates " hatred, malice, and all uncharitableness" ? The country, I which has been excited by the vehement letter of the bishop, has a right to ask why was this fact—this call to the head ship of the theological board—kept out of eight. And how can it rely on any part of the bishop's letter when such • material part of the evidence, affecting the whole cue, has been artfully concealed? Is this a fair mode of treating an adversary ? And how far if it from bearing false witness against heu of a b ish op i one'enetighour in ? We oneof ou live in no distant o ordinry ate colonies, e instead of being a messenger of the gospel of peace and charity to the aborigines, threaten ing the government with something, to my notions, akin to re bellion. We have in our own country a bishop declaring that the etatute of 16 Rich. 11., is the most tyrannical law which " is permitted to pollute our statute book;" and that the statute of 25 Henry VIII., is "The Magna Charts of Ty ranny." I read the bishop's words—" The crown has no right, can have no right (I trust that it will be found to have no power), to force a bishop on the church"—i. e., if he means anything—Dr. Hampden. I am amazed; I turn to Hums—l there find that bishops were to be appointed (not as before, by the Bishop of Rome) by conga d'elire from the crown, or,in case of the dean and chapter's refusal, by letters patent. I torn over the page, and there I lied that "the bishops went so far in their complaisance (Dr. Phillpotts was not then Bishop of Exeter!) that they took out new commissions from the crown, in which all their spiritual and episcopal authority were expressly affirmed to be derived ultimately from the civil magistrate, and to be entirely dependent on his good pleasure. Yet the statute 16 Ric. 11., tuned for the express purpose of enforcing obedience to English law, is declared by the bishop a tyrannical pollution of our statute-book; and the statute 2o Henry VIII., which, by the unanimous voice of both bousee of convocation and parliament, gave the power of congi d'iire to the sovereign, the bishop calls " the magna charts of tyranny !" le this language be comiag in a bishop ? I have no fear of Dr. Meree ether being influenced by such Thomas d Beeketism. When be was appointed Dean of Hereford he must have known that one part of his duty as dean would be that, on every vacancy of the see he should call the chapter together and return to the peeper officer the writ of congi zeilire properly executed If the dean and chapter's conscience will not allow them to execute this writ, the same conscience will, perhaps, compel them to resign their offices, and make room for men with Consciences. Ceetzfees.e, in 6M in no degree implicated in the matter. The dean aad chapter are as muck bound to discharge this part of their duty as that of preaching or attendance in the cathedral. It is a pure matter of dry duty—an obedience to the absolute mandate of the sovereign ordained by law— an obedience which ministers of Christ's religion established by law should be most cheerful to yield, ' for the Lord's salts," as Paul teaches. But should they refuse the law has provided that the church shall not suffer by the lawless dere liction of their duty by the dean and chapter, and that in such a ease (no ouch has occurred for 313 yeas) the crown should appoint by letters patent. I have no apprehensions that the dean and chapter will be so silly and so weak as to listen to episcopal or any other preachers of resistance to law ful authority, and to risk the change of their comfortable situations for the " prison and penury, which the bishop de scribes as the pains and penalties of the priemunire purgatory, but that they will discharge their duty as men and be grate ful to the Queen who has sent a divine so amiable, so pious, and so learned, and such a true Protestant to be their bishop. But be this as it may, I have the greatest confidence in the inflexible integrity and moral courage of Lord John Russell that he will defeat the relentless conspirators (many of whom have apostatised to Rome, and it would be well for the church if the remnant would follow their honester brethren) spinet Dr. Hampden, and, which is of more weighty consideration, against the Protestant character of the church of England, in volved in this odious persecution, and still threatened by the present movement is Oxford—that he will protect the elueb, as far as in him lies, from three-quarter Romanism, so wither ing to all civil and religious liberty—and that he will make the enemies of the Queen, episcopal or others, who would rob her of her undoubted rights, to cower beneath his indig nant frown.—E. H. G. WILLIAM. P.S.—Since writing the above I have seen Dr. R.'s letter to Lord John Russell, which is a perfect condemnation of all the bitter persecution which he has had to bear. THE ROYAL GENERAL ANNUITY SOCIETY.—The annual meeting of the subscribers to this institution was held at the London Tavern, yesterday, for the purpose of re ceiving a statement of the accounts for the past year, elect ing the officers, and revising the rules. The chair was occupied by Mr. Deputy Hayward, and Mr. S. J. Aldrich, the secretary, read the report of the directors. During the year three annuitants had been elected. The annuities, by additional public support, had been increased to the maxi mum amount of 21. ss. per month for males, and 11. 10s. per month for females. A sum of 5761. 13a, 6d. had, within the same period, been invested in the funds, making the total tended property of the institution amount to 1,6721. 3e. Id., being an increase of 1,2721. 3e. ld. since the year 1844. The demations and subscriptions for the year were stated at 5661. 19s. 6d., being the largest amount for seventeen years. The total receipts were 1,3961. 3e. 2d. ; and, after defraying all charges, there appeared to be a balance in the bank of 801. 15s. 4d., being double the amount of the same item last year. In January next there is to be an election of three men and three women as annuitants, from a list of seventeen dawning candidates, who come within the description of "decayed merchants, bankers, pro fessional men, master manufacturers, tradesmen, their widows and clerks," and at the anniversary festival in Feb ruary the chair will be occupied by Mr. Hudson, M.P., who accepted the office on the nomination of Lord Stanley at the lest festival. When the rules were read, for the purpose of being revised, a subscriber suggested that additional funds might be obtained by the appointment of ladies' committees, auxiliary societies at the east and west ends of the town, and ty the distribution of collecting boxes among the juvenile members of the subscribers' families. The suggestion, after some consideration, was deemed inapplicable In the circum stances of the society. The only alteration made in the rides of any im rtance was one which renders the society of general of merely local utility. The usual officers were then appointed, and the proceedings terminated. COMXERCIAL TRAVELLERS' SCHOOLS.—The first anniversary dinner of this institution was held yesterday, at the London Tavern. Its object is to clothe, maintain, and educate gratuitously orphans between the ages of seven and fourteen, of deceased commercial travellers, and the destitute children of those who, although still living, may, by mental or physical disease or other causes, be reduced to such nesse , sitous circumstances as to be unable to support their families. The reputation of the commercial body for charity and bene volence was well sustained on the occaaioa, nearly 400 gen tlemen having by their presence testified their willingness to support the institution. The Lord Mayor, who presided, in proposing to it prosperity (after the usual loyal toast.), hear tily congratulated the meeting upon that fact, and added to its weight by observing, that large as was the room in which they were assembled, it was insufficient to accommodate the number of gentlemen who had so uprooted themselves by the purchase of tickets. He likewise congratulated them on the progress of the institution, which was now, although only in the second year of its existence clothing, supporting, and educating 20 children, to which 15 more would be added before another sun had set. The 20 children (14 boys and 6 girls) were then introduced in the gallery, and sang with much correctness a song of praise and gladness to their patrons, and, at the same time, evinced by their appearance all the attentions and comforts which the institution pro tegees to bestow on those who are necessitated to seek its aid. In the course of the evening Mr. Moore, the treasurer, made this rather curious but interesting statement, that in the United Kingdom there were 30,000 commercial travellers, whose expenses ' according to the best data he could collect, amounted to 11,000.0001. annually; and that, supposing they travelled for forty-two weeks in each year, and set apart 6d. each of these weeks for the benefit of this institution, an income of 30,0001. would be thereby created, being more than sufficient to render it one of the greatest in the country.—The chair was supported by Mr. Masterman, M.P., president of the society, whose health was drunk, with those of Mr. D. Waddington, M.P. Mr. Moffat, the Sheriffs, &c. The list of donations inc luded 100 guineas from Mr. H. Beaufoy, a similar sum from the late Mrs. Beaufoy, 201. from Mr. Moffat, and 101. from Baron Roths child. There was some good singing by Meter'. Sporle, Kearney, Edney, and Ksach. The dinner, notwithstanding the pressure of the vast number of COUTIMIN, did infinite credit to the proprietors, Mews. Bathe and Breach. PRESENT CONDITION OF SHAKSPERE'S WILL.— The three large sheets of paper on which the will is writ ten are joined together in the middle of the top which are covered with a narrow slip of parchment ;Tat though protected with the greatest care, if it be left in fts present state, I fear nothing can prevent the gradual of this precious relic, which has even materially since Steeverui made tracings from it, seventy years ago. The office in which it is kept is properly guarded by the 'triaged regulations, for manuscripts required for legal purpows tar mand a verification seldom necessary in Heavy inquiries ; and it sums them nlee forbid the separation of the sheets of the will, which, singly, could safely be preserved between il t i e4s et glsas, sat so daily examined without the slightest . At the folding and unfolding requWte on every ado document, imperceptibly tend to the el libe &left sabilines an which it is written, bas dwelyliw amedethe ngistran will at length beltiven to as giolse at a fauns which shall permanently save this !aimed's new/ et the last wishes of the great poet, the most ingicrtent memorial el him that has de scended to our days.—Hallirea's Lip of Sholtopors. THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 28, 1847. TIM &unix EXHIBITIONS YESTERDAY.—The British Mama was inspected ly 24,191 persons. The National GsNary was visited during the day by 16,270 per- sons; from dm numbers who continually thronged into the gallery, the keepers were unable to enforce the regulation permitting 300 only to be present at one time. The Tower of London was inspected by about 3,000 persons. In conse quence of its having been stated in the papers that the Hun terian Museum at the College of Surgeons would be opened to the public without tickets, the building was during the day so crowded that upwards of 300 persons were reluctantly denied admission by the officers of the museum. AN ECCENTRICITY OF THE INFLUENZA.—In one of the educational institutions in Edinburgh nearly all the male teachers and boys were seised with infinensa, while not one of the female teachers or pupils was taken ill. UNIFORM Timg.—The Railway C7ironicle has the following communication on this subject :—Thanks to the leading railway companies, we have now (partially at least) attained this great convenience to business people ; but, like all other benefits conferred upon mankind, it has its oppo nents. One of the correspondents of a London journal ob jects to the change because it makes " the clock give the lie to the sun." This learned Theban forgets (fee he cannot be ignorant of the fact) that the clock never can agree with the sun excepting on four days in the year ; at all other times it is either preceding or following " his serene highnesa," the maximum distance between them being about sixteen minutes. Now, to the world at large, it is a matter of no practical importance whether this differnce is sixteen or sixty minutes; but, to the bulk of the community, It is a vast advantage to know that their watchts, when well regulated and is good order, will agree with every clock they meet with in whatever part of the country they may chance to be. It will prevent many . a passenger from miming his train, and save thereby much inconvenience and loss to the travelling public. It is much to be feared, how ever, that the various benefits of uniform time cannot be fully obtained without legislative aid; and we might expect the uaistances of the railway commissioners in this ease, did we not know that that august body are too much occupied in scheming impossible parliamentary bills, or interfering with the executive functions of directors and officials, to attend to anything of a practical and useful nature, lying within the scope of their powers and duties. The thing required is a short act of parliament, ordering that all the public clucks in the kingdom shall be kept to one uniform time, to be fixed by some government authority, and imposing a penalty for wilful neglect of that regulation. It is to be hoped that some member of the house will confer a boon upon us by taking up this subject.—J. P. S.—Leeds, Dec. 20. SILKEN SAILS AND CORDAGE FOR SHIPS OF Wax.—A new discovery of great interest to the navy has just been made known by a gentleman known as the Nee Ctiatelu, but who it io reality the Marquis de Chssteux, one of the most ancient titles in France. His father having died in emigration, and leaving him no resource, the marquis deemed it in better taste to drop the title for awhile, un til be had acquired fortune enough to support it with honour. The discovery conger' in the employment of the cocoons and refuse of silk for the manufacture of sails and cordage. The material is lighter, cheaper, stronger, end more elastic than hemp. The invention is already adopted by the Minister of Marine, and the inventor has been ad mitted to an audience at the Tuileries. — Paris Correspond era of the Atlas. SEIZURE OF AN ILLICIT DISTILLERY.—Yesterday morning, about eleven o'clock, Messrs. J. Lewins and John Brentnall, officers of excise, from information they received, proceeded to No. 6, Lion-street, New Kent-road, where they discovered a private still in full operation, running off strong spirits, about 20 gallons of spirits ready for sale, and 400 gallons of molasses wash in a state of fermentation, ready to continue the working of the still. The place was fitted up .'" I wits •t.. 9 lanai &ppm= Ztirsf-.""d jp .-uution. A man and woman were in the house attending to the still, who were arrested by the officers. The trade of distillation, illi citly carried on, has been on the increase for some months, as a ready market is found for the spirits at this season of the year, a considerable portion of it, coloured, being palmed off on the unwary as smuggled Cognac. A van having been procured by the officers they conveyed their prise to the ex cise warehouses in Broad-street. INQUEST, YEBT ERDA Y.—BODY OF A CHILD youso is A RAILWAY CARRlAoll.—Before Mr. Payne, at the vestry-room, 8:. John's, Horaelydown, on the body of a female child found in a carriage of the D over Railway. On Friday, at one o'clock, the train from Folkestone and Dover arrived at the London bridge station, and in a second clam carriage a paper parcel was found under the seat without address, which contained the body of a child.—Mr. Pettigrew, of Tooley.street, surgeon, found a mark of a string over the mouth and round the head. The lungs were partially inflated, and the child had died of suffocation. The breathing had been but trifling.—The Coroner said, perhaps through the public press some one might come forward and the party be brought to justice.—Adjourned till Monday. EDUCATION IN WALES. TO THE RIGHT HON. LORI) JOLLN RIISBELI,ec. 27 M.P.,, 1847. fro. Temple, D My Lord,—The Leeds Mercury of the 24th inst. contains a letter addressed by Mr. Edward Baines, jun., to your lordship, which contains some =instatement. on the subject of the recent reports of the commissioners of inquiry into the state of education in Wales, I feel it due to the in terests which that commissio , .. afficiea to oai r 4 nArki t' your lUrt:Lip in reply to those comments in the letter of Mr. Baines which refer to my report. Under ordinary circumstances I should feel justified in leaving the truth to the vindication which it seldom fails to derive from free discussion. In the present state of feeling on the subject I apprehend, however, that injury to the cause of education might ensue from the dissemination of the letter, to which I refer, if its statements go forth unanswered—an impression which I trust will exonerate= from the impropriety which would otherwise attend this lore pus upon your lordship's attention. I shall not dwell an the censure with which Mr. Mesa Tints the reports of the commissioners, further than to re mark that the " want of justice, generosity, and considerate ness" which he imputes to them has escaped the notice of the newspaper prima of Wales, whose conductors, posnessing the means of judgment which Mr. Baines has uot, with scarcely an exception have expressed an opposite opinion. That it was possible to have produced reports more akin to popular sympathies is indeed true, but that such a discharge of the trust reposed in us would have been faithful, or of equal benefit to Wales, I unhesitatingly deny. Even bad the character of the people been such en to reduce us to the alternative of glossing defects which it was our duty to reveal, or of incurring universal odium by their disclosure, I (or one should conscientiously rejoice that I bad chosen the latter, as the only course consistent with that deep interest in their moral elevation and ponsemat wel fare, with which the Welsh people hare tagisal we. I am glad, however, to have revival inigie Ms& mon) , that we have not overrated that aerti ems, innate strength of mind, and many excellent q in the Welsh character, which enable and embolden men to look their faults in the face, and to profit by that perfect know ledge of their defects which can alone ensure permanent im provement. lam assured that a very large majority of the intelligence of Wales is of this opinion, and I have now ad ditional reason to subscribe to the opinion with which I ven tured to conclude a report, which Mr. Baines thinks it con sistent with truth to term " almost habitually sneering," namely, that " if the Welsh people were well educated, and received the same attention and care which have been be dewed on others, they would in all probability assume a high rank among civilised communities." To the attainment of this object, I was all but universally informed by all sec% and ranks of the Welsh people themselves that pecuniary aid was needed and desired. It is the object of Mr. Baines, of Leeds, to persuade your lordship that this is not the fact. Mr. Baines refers to the returns of day-seheoh obtained by the committee of the late Earl Kerry in 1833, sad by Mr. Brougham in 1818, on which he bases a comparhea of the number of scholars at thou periods with that returned by the late commission ; showing, by this means, an there= of above 100 per cent. over the numbers in 1833, and of nearly 260 per cent. over these elated by the committee of Mr. Brougham in 1818. Mr. Baines alto represents a large in crease to be similarly shown in the number of Sunday-school scholars, and he thereupon infers that " the Welsh people are able to provide for their . own education, and that they are doing it with the utmost rapidity." My lord, these premises and conclusions are strangely at variance with the races. The returns procured in 1818 and 1833 were notoriously defective: nor were the meaty taken at either period to obtain that exhaustive enumeration of the tamale for the poor, which by the local and personal researches of their active assistants the eonunisionere were enabled to carry into every parish and hamlet of the principality in the late inquiry. In many instances day-schools in obscure, and likewise in populous, districts were discovered and scheduled by my assistants, of which the existence wan unknown to the parochial officers, to whom we applied for information. Nothing short of tLe means placed at our disposition, could effect any approach to a correct census of the poorer clue of schools in Wales, where so large a proportion of them are bald in private houses of the humblest description. Thos returns made to Earl Kerry's committee were, asl have ob. served, avowedly defective, and it must have escaped Mr. Baines' notice that its report is prefaced witha memorandum I, that the "printed copies of questions were circulated for the use of schoolmasters and schoolmistresses, so that in most cases original returns, authenticated by their own signatures, were received from them through the overseers (to whom they ' were exclusively entrusted), and have been relied on in the formation of the abstract and summary," from which Mr. Baines derives his data. The lower clans of schools and dame schools were, I am informed, frequently omitted in Earl Kerry's returns, whereas they are nearly all, if not entirely, comprised in the census we have endeavoured to make of the poorer classes of the Welsh day scholars. True it is that very noble efforts have been made to esta blish fresh schools for the poor in Wales. I am far from desirous to underrate their number, or to depreciate the cheering evidence they afford of the generous, but power less, impulses of a benevolence widely pervading the people, to which their poverty has unhappily permitted them to give only feeble and isolated development. Some instances I found, and have invariably recorded, of new and flourishing schools ; but for the most part, throughout my district, the relative number of the scholars and dimensions of the school houses (where any existed) gave clear proof of the decadence rather than the increase of education. In the total absence of any possible means of giving a correct statistical statement of the comparative numbers of children at school at any paid period, even by means of a local inquiry, I have re fr ained from the attempt which Mr. Baines undertakes to perform at Leeds, on the basis of a report., which however fairly it may represent the schools for the rich, affords no adequate return of those for the poor, and is therefore utterly usWeas for the purpose of his comparison. I need scarcely dwell on the minor mistake of reckoning that every child in the onereixtd whom I wawa attended no common school therefore attend a superior school, and of estimating the number accordingly. The fact is, that in my district (to which my estimate exclusively applied) there are very few schools in existence at all for children who do not attend those of the labouring classes. The Sunday schools Lave in some place% increased in number and effi ciency, but in a great degree the remarks I have just ven tured to address to •your lordship respecting Mr. Bainee's I estimate of the increase of day schools apply to that of Sun- I day schools. It was frequently stated to me that the same pains had never been previously taken to ascertain their number : a fact which, as it malts in an alleged increase which Mr. Baines affirms to be marvellous, might have pro cured from a gentleman less determined to denounce our labours some slight credit for impartiality, and a desire to do justice to their meritorious efforts. Mr. Baines, however, " scarcely ever sees (in our reports) an acknowledgment of the great things which the people have done for themselves." It would be difficult to acknowledge great things where none existel, and where the whole people joined in pointing out and deploring their own powerlessness. Of their noble ex ertions to the utmost extent of their wholly inadequate means Mr. Baines will find in all the reports conspicuous acknowledgments ; and he will find by the side of them the spontaneous testimony of all classes, not only to the dearth of all effective instruction, but to the utter inability of the people to provide it from any local resources. These, my lord, are " acknowledgments " which I appro. hend will have their legitimate weight, though they are not such as Mr. Baines has observed ; they nevertheless force themselves upon the attention of all who have an opportu nites.y of ascertaining the real feeling of the people them- That sel "re " invited the people to ask for public money," or " were sent to make out a case for government interference" are assertions which I may be pardoned for saying have no other foundation than their temerity. A portion of the dissenting body doubtless now object to public grants for education. lam free to acknowledge that I sympathise in their partiality for the achievement of the glorious work of education by means of the free efforts of the people them selves, but I cannot wilfully blind myself to the impossibility of their doing it, or wickedly sacrifice the only practicable means of effecting the salvation of a noble people from mental dank ness and moral debasement. I am, therefore, reluctantly in favour of giving the aid to Wales which I repeat that tier people so vitally need, and, as far as my means of judging went, all but unanimously desire. Mr. Baines says:—'. That the value of education is in proportion to its quantity and duration." It is scarcely pos sible to minister to a more mischievous fallacy than that of encouraging the neglect of the quality and efficiency of edu cation. Every true friend to the Welsh people will avoid the peril of sanctioning the notion that the number of scho lars m any index to the sufficiency of instruction.—l have tho honour to be, my lord, your lordship's faithful servant, Jaunosu C. Simons. PROVINCIAL. ABOLITION OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENTS.— The Liverpool Albion of yesterday lays:—" An address to the Queen, praying for tke remission of the capital sentence recently pared in this town on two individuals loft for execution, is now in course of signature. In the case of I Speed, the memorialists point to the absence of malice, and to the fact of his being • sober and industrious man, who was impelled to the act by the desire to save his children from misery . The case of the other culprit, for the murder of his wife, is not al4pded to. The memorialists say, ' That to the deprased p of of the witnesses of the execution (and it is to be feared that this class is particularly attracted to such scenes) your petitioners feel that the sacredness of human life is rather denied than affirmed by its deliberate public extinction, and that familiarity with the spectacle of violent death feeds the brutality which would lead to the commission of murder.'" THE RECTOR OF BOTHAL AND ate CLEIK.—A ease came on for trial at the County Court at Morpeth last week, which excited considerable interest. It was an action brought by Henry James, clerk and sexton of the chapelry of Behrens, against the rector of Bothal, for nne and a half year's payment due to him for him services, from May, 1846, to Nov., 1847. The family of James have held the situation .for 165 years. The plaintiff in this action succeeded his father in the office, and has performed its duties for a num ber of years, receieieg annually for such dutiee, from the rector for the time being, the sum of 31. in money ; three loads of coals, valued at 12a. ; and the grass of the churchyard, valued at 21. Ba. , making altogether the sum of 61. These were immemorial payments, and the plaintiff received them regularly from the late rector, Mr. Parry, and from his predecessor s Ike late Mr. Otter, and who also made the plaintiff a present of some small dues or customary payments which he had the trouble of collecting annually. Mr. Hopwood, the de fendant, succeeded to the living about the close of the year 1845 ; and shortly after his arrival, Mr. James, " being in want of money," waited upon him for a little money, in an. ticipation of his salary due at the ensuing May. He then received 31., being in full up to May. The money payments 61100 become due the defendant bad refused to pay—with held the usual supply of coals—and made a present of the grass crop to his curate ; and he was consequently sum moned to show cause why the labourer was not to have hie hire.—Mr Charlton appesred for the plaintiff, and the rector conducted his own defence,—The defendant denied the exiet ence of the debt. He proceeded to argue that the plaintiff could claim only en the ground of a contract, expressed or implied, or on the ground of prescription. That lie bad never engaged the services of the plaintiff, nor kad he made him any payment on account of such services. That it was true, as stated by the plaintiff, that he had given him money at the does of the year 1845, and that he subsequently handed to his curate, the Rev. Mr. Maughan, 11. (the amount of the small dues before mentioned) to give to the plaintiff ; but these were mere " gratuities," Ind not in pay ment of any services. That the plaintifre conduct had not been such as to meet kis approbation, and he bad disco.- tinned them " gratuities." The reverend defendant here Galled Mr. Meaghan, to prove the gift of the 11. (a fact not denied) and the witness stated, that by direction of Mr. Harmed, he had paid 19e. tq the master of the rector's school, for the schooling of plaintiff's children, and the other le. to the plaintiff.—Mr. Charlton erces-examined Mr• Maughao, who admitted that the plaintiff had regularly performed the duties of clerk and sexton during the time Mr. Hopwood had been rector of Bothal, and that the pay ' was too mall for the duties of the office. That he always understood that the plaintiff had about 201. a year, and even that sum be considered small enough for the services he had to perform—The judge remarked that he considered the plaintiffs claim a good one. These payments had been im memorially made to the clerk ; and the fact of the defendant having made the plaintiff one payment, and not having served any legal notice upon him to quit the office, fur nished sufficient evidence of an implied contract. He should therefore make an order for the year's payment dae at May last. The half year he could not include in the order, as the plaintiff was paid annually, at May, and his right of action for the current year would not accrue till then. The Newcastle Guardian adds to its report of this case that the rector hail James, the clerk, forcibly ejected from the cottage which his family bad occupied from time immemorial. The rector of Botbaf receives annually for his services 1,8001.; James, his clerk, claims the sum of 61. for • year's serviee, and is met with a plea of " not indebted." 0.111.”11/1" AVIA SUCCESSFUL TERMINATION OF A BUILDING SO ciwnr.-So many thousand persons, in various parts of the country, are now interested in building societies, that the following report of the satisfactory termination of one of these speculations deserves attention The Carlisle Borough Building Society " (aye the local paper), " established on the 27th of March, 1837, has just closed its opetations-the laws which constituted it having been fully complied with. On Monday evening last the members dined together, to celebrate in termination. The chair was ably filled by Mr. W. Farrar, the president of the society ; and Mr. P. Gard ner, the secretary, was appointed vice. It appeared, from statements made at the meeting, that the society was esta blished for the purpose of mutually assisting its member' to obtain for each other small freehold properties. To carry out this intention the shares were apportioned at 1201. each, members not being allowed to take more than three shares, upon each of which the sum of 2s. 6d. per week, or 105. every four weeks, was required to be paid. In the first year the shares amounted to 120; but at the close, on Mon day last, this number had dwindled down to 651-the re mainder having been either withdrawn, or, having built, found it convenient to repay the society its advances. The greater number appeared to have been withdrawn, the society in its fifth year tidying passed a rule allow ing members, on withdrawal, to receive one-third of the declared profits. By this deviation from the original rides, not only were several of the members benefited, but 1 the society received in profit thereby the sum of 29 ff. 10s being the two-thirds left by those members who withdrew , their shares. The society continued in operation from ' March, 1837, when the first payment was made, to Dec. 20, 1847, being a period of ten years and eleven months ; but in March, 1845, it was agreed to double the amount of the subscriptions, and pay 11. on each share every four weeks in place of the original sum of 10s., consequently shortening the existence of the society, which otherwise, with single payments, would have run about thirteen years. The total receipt.' have been 11,0711.85., accumulated in the following manner : Subscripticas, toe per month, 7,2601. Its. 7d.; Interest paid by members, 2,5944. Ba. Os. 7d. lOd.; Interest from bank, 831. Bd. ; flnea from members, Int. ; premiums on 51 shores, 215/. 15s. lid.; members paying off society, 9271. 6s. 41d. ; deposits on 120 shares, Is. each, M. ; plus cosh, 11. ; total, 11,0711. Sa. The uninitiated may perhaps be , glad to know how the "interest " and " premiums" are raised. When Csufficient sum of money is accumulated to enable a share (1201.) to be offered for salia, it is put up for competition amongst the members, and the highest offer obtain" preference of the . . "vance ; 51 shares were disposed of to the manner, it pre minim varying fr.:, 1;;;Aos. to twopence- 2 1 . : 1 4 .,;!..e.Vt Sums being always obtained in the first and second years. In several societies the premiums are fixed at a certain ratio, be. aides being put up for competition ; but in the society just concluded this was not the case. After 1841 the premiums become nominal, and in 1844 the " ballot " compelling members to take up their shares was resorted to. The profit derived from premiums, as above stated, was 2151. 15s. lid. The interest" is the principal item of profit, and is thus obtained:-On members taking up their shares, by building or purchasing property, the property is under the member's own control, he building where end in what manner he pleases-the same liberty is granted to property purchased. The rents derivable from such property is under the member's own control, be having full and free enjoyment of the same. For these advantages the society appoint certain members inspectors, having a knowledge of the %eine of property, who must certify that there is sufficient security in every building erected or pur chased for the amount of the advance made by the society. Three months from the date of a member " taking up his shares " he commences paying " interest " on the advance obtained, which is at the rate of about 51 per cent., viz.:- 10s. on each share every four weeks-or his former payment just doubled. The fines are accumulated in consequence of members not complying with the rules. The 11. " plus cash" was received in May, 1842, and, in consequence of inability to discover who had made the over-payment, it was carried to the general fund. The disbursements, the principal part in payment to builders, have been LI to bundle. 7,c441. tr , 7.0 • la; malt to members ca Dee- o.° r•-• interest, 881. Os. 411. interest to hank, i 37 f.i member'mi withdrawal, 1,1001. 18s. Id. ; seeretaries' salaries ill.' bait .'ter for certifying roles, 11. ; rent, 301. ; printing , let. 121. 3 d. ; Gate's sasignom, 371.105.; basso, kaki, he., 11. Kis.; imam tax repaid to members, N. haddentals, 424. lea. Sld.; total, 11,0711.88. The sum of 1,7851. was paid to members who had not par chased sr built property, and whe bad allowed their cash to remain in the hands of the society till its close, they receiving 24 per cent. for the money thus left, which is described under the head "returned interest." The 371. 10s. set down to Gate's assignees was a loss sustained by the so ciety through one of its members, and the only loss which took place ; and a knowledge of the manner in. which it occurred may not only be useful but interesting to similar societies. A member, havingliurehased his shares, offered in security for the advance certain property, which was approved of by the inspectors; a cheque for the amount was placed in the hands of two of the committee appointed to pay the cash and to obtain possession of the deeds securing the property upon trust to the society, in accordance with the rules. The purchase money being 751. store than the advance from the society, the select committee, along with the purchaser, met Mr. W. N. Hodgson, then practising as an attorney, who was seat for Mr. Gate's assignees. and tendered him the society's cheque; the purchaser giving a cheque for the additional money, which was accepted, and the deeds deposited for the society in the office of the solicitor to the dean and chapter to be "surrendered " in their court. On the cheques being presented at the bank, the member's (751.) was dishonoured, on which Mr. Hodgson hastened to the office where the deeds had been left, and obtained them without any intima tion thereof having been given to the society, for whom they were lodged ; and who, on its coming to their knowledge, applied to have them returned ; but Mr. Hodgson refused to give them up, declaring that he had a " lien " on the property, notwithstanding his having accepted the cheque, and parted with the deeds. After much delay and incon venience to the society, Mr. Hodgson prepared a "case" for the opinion of counsel, which he said was in his favour. The officers of the society, after frequent interviews and con sultation with legal advisers although convinced of the jus tice and legality of their cl aim, considered it safest for them not to enter into a protracted and expensive lawsuit, and on offering to divide the low with Mr. Hodgson, their offer was at once accepted, the society being left minus the deeds and 371. 105., with the exception of a trifling inte rest in the shares which the member held in the society. The amount paid by each member in monthly subscriptions has been 831.55. 6d. ; and the profits upon the same have been 361.145. 6d. which makes up each share to the sum of 1201. After sever al toasts had been proposed, and songs sung, the party separated, apparently highly delighted with the even ing's proceedings and proud of having pawned= of the " parchments" which secured to each the enjoyment of the property they . had been enabled to acquire by industry and frugality during a period of eleven years. SU4SEX. RYE ELEcrios--On Thursday Mr. H. M. Curteia was returned without opposition as the parliamentary repre sentative of Rye, in place of his father, H. B. Cartels, Esq. deceased. The Brighton Herald says :-" A hand-bill has since been published, signed Thomas Jenner,' stating that he has been called upon testate why a Mr. Vance bad neither made his appearance nor been nominated. The reason as signed by Mr. Jenner is, that Mr. Vanes was deeply engaged in business in Dublin, and the shortness of the time affinded to elect a representative precluded the possibility of that gen tleman reaching Rye in time to wait upon the electors, or to contest the borough. Mr. Jenner adds, however, that he had been fully authorised by Mr. Vance to put him in nomi nation; but that he (Mr. Jenner) had since ascertained from ' eminent counsel' that the notice of the election was too short, and, therefore defective and void. It is said, also, that a petition has been got up, signed, and will be presented against the return as soon as parliament re asaembles.', 11.11..K0LL M POST-OYFICE.—A memorial C has been transmitted by the Mayor of Southampton to the Postmaster-General, signed by 500 of the principal inhabitant of the town, pray ing his lordship to allow the Southampton poet-office to be doted from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. en Sundays. TEE RECENT fllaiaffeoted Exeter rather severely. The Devon Chronicle says: " Very considerable alarm was occasioned in that city and its immediate neigh bourhood, in consequence of the rapid rising of the river Ens to a most unusual height. The waters completely overflowed that part of the district which is contiguous to the stations of the South Devon and the Bristol and Exeter Railways. Above the railway bridge, near the station, it overran the banks, and flooding the Exwith fields, rushed with violence through the ordinarily dry arches of the South Devon line. All the lower parts of Exeter, including the timber yards of Mr. Follett and Mr. N. Tuckett, ware under water, as was the cube with many of the dwellings of the poorer inhabitants, considerable numbers of lees wealthy portions of the citizens being resident in these districts in consequence of the facilities afforded for the transaction of their business, and the economy of the situation. la St. Thomas's, which is situate on the opposite side of the Exe, moat o ff t hem ts and roads were r endered impassable, the we he lower part of Okehampton-street being six and seven feet in depth. Frem this dangerous dilemma, the, works people and children from the factories at Exwith had to be conveyed home in carts and boats, and the whole of the traffic has been necessarily suspended. WILTSHIRE. CALNE ELECTlON.—Yesterday the election of a member for this borough took place, the Earl of Shel burne, the fernier representative, having recently been ap pointed one of the fords of the treasury, and thus vacated his seat. The usual forms having been gone through, Dr. °MIME Forma the Bad of tileelberse se a fit and proper MF...‘ THE MORE CATTLE-THE MORE CORN. The Gardeners' Chronicle says :—The experience of agriculturists is uniform upon a point of the first importance, which was thus referred to by M. Dezeimeris, in • past number of the "Transactions of the French Academy of Sciences :"—" Everywhere and elwaps the produce of a farm is proportional to the quantity of manure produced upon it, and therefore to the extent of it which is set apart for the food of stock, compared to that of the portion which is occu pied by exhausting crops."—" For one well-cultivated dis trict in the country are there not 20 where the farming is miserable ; and yet what is required to remodel and perfect that of the wont 1 Just one thing—so simple it seems: let the farmer devote to the cultivation of food for his stack at least one half of his oecn^:.;„ n. " angiish tsPerie , '"' me re pOtecily 'Dean out that U. ranee. The more stock a man Is able to keep upon his farm the mere coon also is he able to grow. Mr. Lewes has thrown moat haatructive light around this result in his valuable paper on agricultural chemistry, pub lashed in the last number of the English Agricultural Society. He has beautifully explained the proportion which new sully exists between the quantity of meat made and the quantity of corn grown. Perham the prevailing idea of his paper—one, too, to which he has been led by the results of many experiments—is the great importance of ammonia in a manure. The amount of this ingredient to which the crop has access (the other elements of its food being present, as they more generally are, in sufficient quantity) determines the maximum of its produce. It is all true that nature flourishes under a merely natural supply of this substance, but the very idea of art is an improvement of nature, and artificial supplies of ammonia, in addition to the natural, are necessary whenever the farmer desires to reap more that a merely natural produce. The effect of the ammonia thus supplied appears from the results of the analyses which Mr. Lewes quotes to be simply the development of the crop in its characteristic features : it makes green trope more luau ' runt; the starchy seeds of a grain crop more starchy ; the nitrogenous seeds of leguminous crops more nits ogenous. It does not necessarily increase the nitrogen in • !plant, be cause itself is • nitrogenous substance—but it develops the characteristic features of the plant, because it is a nounshing food. Now, this ammoaia may be applied directly in its various salts in guano, &c., but not often economically. Mr. Lewes' experiments show that in order to procure the increase of 1 bushel of wheee'containine as that does but 11b. of nitrogen, ninny pounds of nitngen n3nit added to • the A large portion goes to waste, as one would expect, and the remainder, which is useful, is often too small a portion of the whole to balance the loss. The cheapest mode of collecting and applying ammonia is by means of the turnip crop, from the au. And it is on the fact that in the feeding of animals but a small portion of the nitrogen in the food becomes built up in the substance of the flesh that the merits of turnip husbandry as an instrument in the growth of wheat depend. Most of the nitrogen in the food appears in the manure; 28Ibe. of flesh contain 11b. of nitrogen ; but an average of experiments has taught that it takes food containing elbeof nitrogen to create that quantity of meat, so that the remaining 51bs. are returned to the moil. And now let us quote a passage exhibiting the bearing of all this on the point with which we started : " In my experiments upon wheat it required 51bs. of am monia to produce • bushel of corn. To obtain this amount of AMILIOTIA by means of stock there should be an increase of about 28 lbs. of live weight upon the farm ; or, is round numbers, to obtain one ton of grain beyond the natural production of the soil there ought to be an in. crease in the weight of stock of 1,000 lbs. In order to bring an exhausted soil to the highest state of fertility, It will be necessary to produce an amount of meat by means of imported food (such as hay and oil-cake), u will be equiva lent to the increase of grain required. As the green trope increase year by year the same amount of meat will be pro. &teed, but the importation of artificial food will gradually decrease to the point at which the internal and external is sources of the farm are an balanced as to secure the largest amount of produce from the soil." For every I,ooolbs. of flesh, then, grown upon a farm, the weight of grain also grown may, it would thus appear, be in creued 2,400 Ile. above the natural production—namely, above the quantity which the natural supply of ammonia would enable the sod to produce. Our object is rather to induce the perusal of Mr. Lewes' valuable article than to furnish our readers with a full state ment of its content", and therefore we must for the present conclude. It is a matter of the fleet importance that the principle, which is believed to exist, be fully nnderstood for the guid ance of practical agriculture : " That the amount of meat or light weight of stock pro- duced upon • farm should bear a fixed relation to the quan tity of cum exported." If, as Mr. Lewes says: " Tho truth of this postulate be one established, and the proper proportions fixed, it will no longer be necessary to enforce upon the farmer any particular rotation of crops. So long as a due relation between his production , of meat and export of corn were maintained, there would ' be no fear of an exhaustion of the sell, even if ha grows no green crops whatever; and he might safely be left to make his own choice of the means he would adopt. His object being the production of a certain amount of meat at the lowest possible expense, he would naturally devote hie energies to the production of large green crops, in order to limit his outlay m artificial food. Knowing, too, the most profitable conditions upon which his corn could be raised, his chief attention would be paid to the economical supply of food for his stock, in full confidence as to the consequeneu of his course." IRELAND. DIIBLIS, Die. 26. Yeateriay being the festival of the Nativity was, of coarse, kept a clam holiday both publicly and privately. The public journals, as well those of Dublin as the provinces, availed themselves of this cessation from business, and did not appear. The proclamation of the Lord-Lieutenant has not taken the country by surprise. Indeed, the tone of the southern papers in the disturbed counties, is by no means bitter. They simply state that the "dis arming" orders have arrived, and been posted up with all speed. The public places of Tipperary display the royal arms and proclamation, and, to-day, will be gazed upon and perused by many a criminal eye in those disorderly parts. The following is a more ac curate account than my last contained. Two counties have been fully proclaimed, Limerick and Tipperary ; seven baronies in Clare, six baronies and four parishes in Roscommon, three baronies in Leitrim, two in Cork, three in Cavan, two in Waterford, four in King's County, and three in Longford. The Gazette contained notifications from the Lord• Lieutenant appointing o ffi cers to grant licenses to carry arms in - the proclaimed districts. Eleven in Tipperary, six in Limerick, five in Clam, five in Roscommon, three in Leitrim and King's County, two in Waterford and Longford, and one each in Cork and Cavan. The whole number, thirty-six, are stipendiary magistrates. The following announcements also appeared in the Gazette nosed last night : " DUBLtif CASTLE, Deo. 24.—Her Mejesty has been pleased by letter patent under the Great Seal of Ireland , to appoint the Right Hon. Richard Moore to be one of the Justices of the Court of Quin's Beata is Ireland, in the room of the Hen. Charlie Bones. deoneeel. " Her Majesty has bean glowed, lq fatten paten under the Greet Seal of ImlegfA, te egging by Ham liesahn, Req. ji tc: r tvlztymhatiriatiMessyanseelissitsk lesimiLuadar the Great Seal of Initial, to eggent I / 1 4., Qto be bort 3Leleetre fiefiniereenne is CTS Las&Liemelenent len beau phew& to of the following pathos bobs wiled for the King'. county lion. J. C. Weetenn, M.P. vice Ben jamin Lucas, Esq., deceased ; Ambrose C. Eaci , vice J. P. Vaughan, EN., deceased. " His Exoellexcy the Lord-Lieutenant has been pleased to approve of Lord Courtown being appointed a Deputy- Lieutenant for the county of Wexford. "The Lord. Lieutenant has been pleased to approve of the Hon. Lawrence Parsons being appointed Lieutenant-Celonel of the King's Coun Regiment of Militia, vice Lieutenant ' Colonel Lateens°, deceased. Commintion dated December 22, 1847. A correspondent of the Mail, writing from Cavan, on Thursday, says that a Mr. Humphreys, with hie family, passed through that town for Dublin, to escape "the reign of terror" which prevails in the district. Mr. Humphreys is described as au extensive proprie tor, a constant resident on his princely estates, liberal as an employer of the ...r, and extremely charitable. He was escorted from as hones by a troop of police! The proclamation and its consequences are likely to produce a tranquillising effect on the turbulence of Cavan. Sir Lucius O'Brien has addressed a very sensible letter to the Ennis guardians. The honourable baronet states that, while in the present distressed condition of England, no aid is to be expected from the Treasury to carry out the demand of the Ennis Board, —namely, "provision for the able-bodied destitute," yet the government will aid in any reasonable manner the general distress provided therates are vigo rously collected. The conclusion is worthy of general attention : In the meantime, I cannot impress too strongly 'the necessity of every man, woman, and child in Ireland, exerting themselves to the utmost, to crop the ground for the foliowmg year, by potting down at once, everything that will grow and give them fool, and keeping the land clear and well dug. It is just ;seeable, we may get mite ambi ance again this year from the 'National Exchequer; but it woald be unreasonable to suppose that we should always be supported oci cha rity. and unties the land is cultivated, we shall have a suceeedon famine, and the people will perish tram the face of the earth in mate of all that can be done for them by the benevolent and humane, or of the beet legislation that can be Jeri...l—it is by Industry alone and attention to erosions that any class can be saved from annihilation. Above all, I do trust there will be an end to the horrid' mimes which have called down the vengeance of heaven on the land. The law which ha been pawed for the suppreeelon of crime end outrage, L am mild as could be dortued, and has provided as carefully as it wee people should not be hammed one-peasant , nor the fr i ooent confounded with with the guilty, by vexatious reedtione cad penal liabilities. SCOTLAND. EDINBURGH, DEC. 25. Two of our exchange companies are about to close operations. The British is to meet here on the 30th, for the express purpose of winding-up ; and the National discontinues granting loans, also with the view of suspending operations. It is considered that these institutions have caused great fluctuations in railway and other stock, by regulating advances more by the supposed stability of the applicants than by the value of the stock on which they professed to borrow. The shares of all the exchange companies in Scotland are at present depreciated. Notwithstanding the opposition of the Duke of Buccleuch's pier at Granton, the Leith docks are crammed—there being at present 171 vessels, or 21,664 tons, in the docks. This is pressing anew on tie A.eltn commonly the neEssitvof iner",.l.: commodation, and the old controversy is being re vived, whether it were better to finish the works at present incomplete, or construct a new harbour at Trinity, which lies to the westward, mid-way between Granton and the present Leith harbour. Trinity gives deep water readily, whereas the site of the present works takes 833 yards to reach low water mark; but proximity to the town, and the large sum already expended, will probably incline in favour of completion rather than the commencing of a new un dertaking. Leith has already lost the steam-boat traffic, and when the Granton docks are ready, the sail-vessel trade will go there too, if Leith continues unprovidecl with the requisite facilities. Mr. Graham Spero, the principal sheriff of Edinburgh, died this morning. His complaint was typhus superinduced on influenza, and very general regret is expressed at his loss. In early life he was in the navy, was passed at the bar in 1820, and in 1840 received hie appoint ment as sheriff. In politics he was liberal, and hazarded no little obloquy by attaching himself to the free church, and taking a leading part in its movements—more particularly in connexion with the committee on the refusal of sites, of which he was oonvenor, and the correspondence connected with which he discharged with tact and pr u i l ,„, " ' with certainty s. • ce • ~,o ing ssu.... nis saueseor. Clasgow typhus also busy with official men, three surgeons being laid up, and a parochial clerk dead. . . . The contributors to the national monument, on the Calton-hill, have signified their acquiescence in the bill for denuding it of its ecclesiastical character and converting it into a gallery for monumental busts and statues. 200,0001. will be requisite to complete the proposed plan, which is to be raised in W. shares. EDINBLRON CHAIR OF CLINICAL SURGERY. —lt is understood that government is about to confer this appoint, runt on Mr. Miller, the present professor of systematic sur gery in the University of Edinburgh. The patronage of Mr. Miller's present chair is in the town-council. BENEFICENCI.—Mr. William Dorward, of Montrose, has given 1, 0001. to the in fi rmary of that town. In addition he has conveyed over property to the House of Refuge which yields a yearly rental of 351. He has besides given over to the managers 5001. as a fund for assisting on any emergency, out of which sum he has directed that 5 0 bolls of oatmeal be immediately purchased, in consequence of the high price of that article having last year encroached considerably additionalu ithefu e n n A sof o thene t in o r 4 tutioz. tt t e n i d m. he reit has of ( w ont:clien t° go to the funds, and be especially directed by the managers to lighten the board of the pauper inmates, and thereby re lieve the poor-rates so far as It goes. With all these dona tions Mr. Dorward cannot be said to have given less this week than 7,0001. to the charities of blontrose—a stretch of generosity which is unprecedented, and which may well entitle him to the deep gratitude and respect of every mem ber of the community, and which especially raises him above the narrow-fisted tribe who bequeath their funds after death (when they can no longer keep them) for the erection of hospitals called by their own name, to gratify their vanity and self-sufficiency. FLOODING OF TIAN TAT.—The recent and repeated inun dations of the Tay, particularly at Perth, have led to serious considerations u to remedial measures. The heavy rains have doubtless been the leading causes, but their influence has been greatly augmented by the thorough draining of the ground in the neighbourhood of the river, and also,although to a las extent, by the erection of railway bridges. The alterations proposed for deepening, dc., will likely improve the navigable properties of the Tay.