The Express. — London, England, 1848-06-07 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JUNE 7, 1848. veto of the Admiralty in the cue of a railway bridge over the Clyde, that the board had been waited on by deputation who professed to represent the authorities of Glas gow, headed by the Earl of Eglinton and the two represents i tivea fbr Glasgow. No one who knew tbenoble lord would sup- pose that he was capable of making any unfound. drepresenta. tion as to the capacity in which he appeared; and as the hon. gentleman (Mr. Ward) had Oren in private an expla nation of his statement, which was satisfactory to the noble lord, he hoped he would repeat that explanation now, as publicly as the statement had been made. Mr. WARD said that when the deputation alluded to waited on the Board of Admiralty the had bun name :treysucceeded by another ; a great deal of conversation with each on the same subject ; the conversation was almost unbroken, and ho had naturally conceived that the two deputations formed in tact one, end Teem connected together. Ile was cert :in that be Earl of Eglinton hut no more knowledge of the mistake committed than had the Earl of Auckland or himself; ho therefore entirely acquitted the noble lord of having any intention to nitsle id the Admiralty. COUNTY COURTS. Mr. 11. BERKELEY said he wished to put a question to the right hon. gentleman (Sir G. Grey) relating to the county courts. It appeared since these courts were insti tuted that 6.50,5t/01. had been recovered, out of which 313,1221. had been received by the suitors, leaving the re minder, an average of about 50 per cent., for fees. This was a matter wcrthy of the attention of government ; and he wished to ask whether the right hon. gentleman had turned hie attention to an alteration of the fees ? Sir G. GREY aid he had already stated that the subject was under the e msideration of contruissioners. EXCISE LAWS. Mr. COWAN wished to know from the right hon. gentle man the Chancellor of the Exchequer whether R was the in tention of government to bring in a bill to alter the system of licenses, particularly in the dhse of spirit dealers ? The CHANCELLOR of the EXCH EQC ER said he had two bills prepared on the subject of the excise which were ready to be laid on the t tble. He wu anxious to state what was the object of thoao bills when introducing them, but if he had no upportnoity of doing so he would la them on the table before the Whitmn holidays, without an y y statement, so that they might lie in the hands of =tub is. IRISH POUR LAWS. Capt. ARCH DAL L said that a cite cher having been issued on the 23rd of May by the poor law commissioners of Ireland, which amounted to a total abrogation of the qoarter acre clau.e, he wished to know whether that circular was issued with the unction of the government, or whether the poor law coinrui.sioners took it on themselves to drive a coach and four through the act of parliament ? Sir W. SOMERVILLE said that it the hon. gentleman had given him notice of his question tie should have been better prepared with an ans wee. Speaking from recollection, however, he believed the tact to b that the poor-law cornsuisitiont re issued the circular on the best legal advice. 'chat advice wan, that they could ism , relief to the wives and children of per.ous out of the workhouse who refused to surrender their land. Sir J. GRAHAM asked whether there would bo any ob jection to lay the circular on the table ? Sir W. SOMERVILLE did not see any objection to do ing so. The circumstances under which the circular was issued were these. An individual living in Curl* on Shannon held twelve acres of land, which he re fused to give up. It was then believed that he should do so in order to be entitled to r. 3 fief. The con sequence was that this person died rather than submit to the law as it was supposed to be ; his wire also died ; and a re port was received by the poor-law commissioners that acf the children were oa the point of • oath. Under these cit. cumatuaces the poor law commissionen sought for legal advice, to know it it was possible to save the lives of the children. It was the opinion of Mr. Henn that the poor. law commissioners might, snider these circumstances, recom mend to the guardians to extend relief to persons in the situation he described, without, in the tint instance giving up their land, all but a quarter of an acre. The Attorney- General concurred in that opinion. In MIRO? to Mr. BADLIEIt, Sir W. SOMERVILLE said that he had no objection to lay on the table the case submitted to Mr. Henn and the opinion he gave. WHITSUN HOLIDAYS. Lord J. RUSSELL gave notice that he should move that the house at its rising on Friday do adjourn to the following Thursday. JUVENILE POPULATION OF TILE METROPOLIS. Lord ASHLEY said that though he had frequently brought under the consideration of the house subjects affect ing the condition of the pour of this courery, he did not be lieve that he ever submitted a motion of so much importance as the present. Of the existence of the evil be was about to bring Ikeda their notice no person could doubt who mem. bulated their streets and thoroughfares, and beheld the num ben of' filthy and ragged children who squatted around tl.e courts and alleys of the metropolis. When he had slated the facts respecting the physical and moral condition of this. persons to the house, he thought it must come to the coo clusieu that an immeeiate remedy ought to ba applied to abate the evil which existed. It appealed to every senti ment of humanity and every notion of justice; aad in respect to the temper of the time aad the age in which they lived it was a matter of vital importance for the conside ratieu of those who consulted fir the safety of the metro polis. He brought the subject forward at present princi pally with a view of exciting general interest on a matter that must become one of the most stirring questions that could occupy the attentiou of parliament. (Hear, near.) Ile believed he might assume that the evil was acknowledged, though it was net fully estimated. The evil was peculiar in every respect, wad it must I e met by peculiar means. The belief generally entertained on the subject was, that the wandering vagabonds in their streets were a few isolated persons, who could be easily extin guished by a little exertion on the part of the police, or at lead reformed. A little inquiry, however, showed that these persons termed a totally distinct clam, with habits, pursuits, and callings peculiarly their own : they frequented the same retreats, and dwelt in the same localities—for though they were ever shifting as individuate, they were stationary as a class—where they perpetuated and multiplied their dis orderly and filthy life. For this infermatioa they were in debted in a great measure to the London City missionaries, aided by the Sunday-school teachers, whose patient and constant re.earches fathomed the depths of these haunts of human misery. (Hear, hear.) The firer cousideratisu that arose au, u to the pzolvable number of this perticuler It was not an easy matter to arrive at a correct edimite as to their numbers, but from all the inquirLa he was ahle to make, ho should say that the class of naked, filthy, deserted, roving, lawless persons, the very seed plot of the crime of the metropolis, was not less than 30,000. He meant this per. ticular class as distinct from the ordinary poor, and he be lieved that 30,000 was below the real numbers. Ile would now state what the peculiar hab;ta and pursuits of this class were—the nature of their dwelling'—lie might say in a word, their sutural history. Upon au ex amin ation of 15 schools t :e number of persons in the books amounted to 2,315, whose ages ranged between 5 and 17 years. The average artadance, however, was not more than 1,600. Of these, 162, or one tenth, confessed that they were in prison wirers! times; 116 had run away from home; 170 slept in lollginglii.usee, which were the nests of everything abominable that the mind of man could conceive ; 253 confessed that they lived altogether by begging ; 21G had no shwas or sleeking. ; 280 had no caps, hats, or bonnets; 101 had no linen; 219 never slept in a bed. He could any of his own knowledge that many of the children could not recollect that they ever slept in bed. 68 were the children of convicts ; 12.1 had step mothers, to whom might be traced much of the misery that drove the children of the poor to the commission of crime ; 306 had lost one or both of their parents, the larger proportion having lost both. The average attendance in all the schools last year was about 4,000. Of these 400 confeasedthey had been in prisen, 660 lived by begging, 178 were the children of convicts, and 800 had lust one or both of theirparents. With respect to the employment of this class, they might be dis tributed into street sweepers, venthrs of lucifers, sellers of oranges, cakes, and providers fur marine stores, which— hon. members might not be aware of the fact—was the en phone= term for the receivers of stolen goods. (Hear.) The house would like to know how these persons passed their lives, and how they found shelter against the wind and weather,—under arches, bridges, viaducts, porticoes, 'beds, carts, and outhouses; some adapt in the open air, and some in lodging - houses . He recelleeted a boy who told him that last year, during the inclement part of the winter, be passed a great portion of hie time in the iron roller in the Regent's Park. (Laughter.) And to show the sympathy and good feeling which may exist, even amongst tha class, he told a companion that he would let him in for a good thing, and communieated to him the secret of the roller, and for the remainder of the winter both of them passed night alter night in the iron roller. (Hear.) He would now read to the house a description of the lodging-houses, those abominable sinks of all iniquity, where many of these persons slept. It was the description of a City missionary, and it was by nn tuesus exaggerated. lie says " the pulour "• for be it observed they always speak in cuphonoua language —" measures 18 feet by 10 feet ; beds are ranged on each side, composed of straw, rags ' and shavings. Here, in this , room, arc 27 males and feu.ales, and 31 children-58 human beings in this contracted space, from which light and air are systematically excluded. It is impossible to give a just idea of the state of the place. The quantity of vermin is as. tonishing. In a few momenta I felt them dropping on my hat from the ceiling; they may be gathered iu handfuls. Of water there is nothing of the sort; and one of the inmates broke a lamp in order to be sent to prison, which he knew would procure him a cleansing." (lieer.) Many of these lodging-houses were exclusively receptacles for boys and girls of a tender age. h 't aced not state to the house what was the result of such a etete • of things, and what a variety of circumstances stood in t h e we ? of any meral improvemeet Ile believed that seven tenths os the crime of tte metropolis was perpetrated by haaalodifc.. h ouses. The magistrates of persons hangltrighten mule reports to Warwick and the author ities 0 f the lodging-houses the same effect. It was not alone in the d. outer 7 e ir . that temptations to vice existed. Even ie .. boys were exposed to influences which we. termite to their morals as to render any Mir , . 1 . 121.,,1er . . He would nail a description of a mat which he a• a ti • ;it was only a sample out of hundreds of others. '" one th er e were only three privies to 300 hundred houses ; two to 200 in another. la those places scenes of this moat were of daily occurrence, that ull sum of▪ m odesty and decency was entirely lost. so (Hear, hear.) In some places several families lived in one room, and where one family were so fortunate as to have a room to themselves the adults and the children lay together, so that cleanliness was impossible, and scenes of filth, raircry, and vice were frequent. (Hear, hear.) This dwelt). Lion would give the house some idea of the places where these children dwelt, beenuse this peculiar race was found in almost all instances in the most filthy, deditute, and un• known parts of the metropolis—places seldom trod by a per son of decent habits. (Heir, hear.) These localities were mostly in the neighboarhood of macoyered sewer', Ilaraut ditches, and nightmen's yard., from which the soil was sel v r dom or neer emoved. It was not possible for any language t o convey an adequate idea of the poisonous condition these place., occasioned by the mass ol putriting matter. These !statements were by no means an exaggeration of the facts. (Hear, he He would not assert them if he was not able to do so on his own personal authoty ; fur after toeing his election in 1845. he devoted a porti o n of his time to see what the poor ware doing in those haunts which were un t ro d by any decent person. ( Loud cheers.) Ile believed that he gave a description that was below the truth, and if he could prevail on hon. members of that house to accompany hint he was sure they would ray be had made but a weak i statement, and that hey would not rest till they had swept from the face of the metropolis this patalysing and abominable mischief. (Hear, hear.) With respect to the physical and personal condition of these children, Dr. Addis says, " they are emaciated, tsar, and thin, depressed in spirit, with small a pp e tites, and pies in duff: rent parts of the body. They seek relief in intemperance." Another person nays, " they are pale, squalid, 'sickly, and irritahle." The consequence was the is nervous temperament was so elicits d that they be came susceptible to the slightest napes onions, and possessed great aptitude for acquiring knowledge. Mr. Chianpneys, of Whitechapel, says he was s truck with the acuteness and intelligence of these children ; but he makes the remark that they were equally susceptible of horning what was bad as what was sow, and that hundreds of them were driven to vicious courses and died at an early s a e. They were generally unlit for employment et first, owing to phy sical detects ; and live of the picked children of the schools, for whom he was offered employment by the First Lord of the Admiralty, were not ali;o to pus the neerieriry examinations, %Viten, however, they were fur six months accustomed to better food and air, they were as fit for employment as soy other persons. The following was the report of a city mis sionary who opened his house to all of this class who chose to apply to him fot advice and assistance : Front dune to De cember he received 2,343 visitors, being en aver go of 33'2 u month. Of these 39 confessed that they had been in prison ; 11 per nt. th it they were confined once ; 4 per cent. twice ; 5 per cent. three times ; 2 per cent. four times ; 2 per cent. ten times. Whet were the entoses ? The cause % arose from desertion, the bad example of parents where there were parents., and in many instances from absolute necessity. Because of this they might he sure that there were hundreds and thousands in this town who never received a meal, and never expected a meal except what they ebtaini d by begging or stealing. (Hear.) Very many were led to crime by the receivers of stolen goods. and a great deal of misehiet arose from the sanitary condition in which they were left. (Ilean) lie found from the police reports that GO,IBI persons, of all ages and both orxes, were taken fit() custody in 1547. Of these, 20,702 were females, and 41,479 were males. Thee! solder 20 years of age were 15,693; between 10 and 15 yetis :t,682 ; under 10 years of age 362. Of the entire number '22,075 could neither read nor write, and 35,227 could only read, or read and write imperfectly. Ile was nut ono of those who thought that mere literary attainments would be of much use in regulating the conduct of these persons; hut the fact showed how much thes e y oun g p ersons had been neglected; 28,113 out of the 62,151 had no trades or calling of any kind. Depend on it that in these days such persons would be ten times more paralysing than a- other peeled., if the house did not rouse itself to a mitigatioo , if net to the overthrow of the portentous evil. (Hear, hear. i Let it be recollected that there was a great deal of the evil that never was seen, and he was afraid if the opp srtunity oc curred that it would surprise them one day with its gigantic proportions. ( flear, hear.) Ile believed that the majority of these criminals arose out of chisels's., and though it might not he possible to remove crime altoso then he thought that they could do a good deal to ideate it. lie would cow turn to the influences to which the children were exposed. Every description of felony had increase.% ex cept as regarded thefts of linen, which had abated— a result ascribable, as he firmly believed, to the provision of baths and wash-houses far the poor. Now he wished to point out the results of these schools. The opening of them was abso lutely a service of danger. The children came down to them in a state of insubordination. On the other side of the water there was one school where sixteen young men came down smoking tobacco-pipes, and absolutely prevented instruction being proceeded with until they had 1. ft. In another case in Agar-town, the children absolutely b. rieasled the door. In a third ease, a gentleman who went to teach in one of three tee:eels, shook one of the boys: the bey came behind him and pushed him down, and had he not preserved his dignity, by inouroine that he bad accidentally fallen, the school would have been broken up. In another instance that he knew, a policeman, being called in to keep order, undertook bi teach the boys, and suchpopularity did he obtain that he was chri-tened " King of the Peelers." These boy. were, in foe, net to I be brought under ordinary rules. They had been suleect to no domestic centre), and they would have their oun way. In the summer time it was very didicult to obtain their at tendance. In the Broadwey-school the number attending in winter wae 204, whilst at this period of the year the num ber was only 40. They enlist only attend of an esening. They were also very migratory. Out of 507 boys admitted into the Laralseth-school, early last 3 ear very few attended a few menthe after. A City missionary in that district de clan d his belief that the population migrated every month. The government were surely bound to do something to meet such an evil as this. It must be evident that the ease was very peculiar—that there were no orgardeations fit to deal wilt it. He had heard it said th it something of a system of national education ought to be adopted to meet these cases But this suggestion raised the relates 9wralio what the the meter of that education should be ? Another suggestion was that grants should be made by the Educa tional Committee, and that schools should be established under an insp. eon But where was the inspector to be obtained 2 It would be next to impossible to get a cempetent person. A third plan was, that large barracks should be built for them out of London. ar.d tbattfiey should be conveyed there in large numbers. But this system was a very injurious one, and bail been found in our workhouses to be far teem answering its object. Beeider, one object, under this system, was totally lost, viz., that of use:metier iurr, through the children, to effect some reformation of adults. The only way the parents were to he approached was through the medium of children. Hundreds upon hun dreds of instances could he given of it. Let him tell the house how ragged schools were carried on. There were :shout GO of thew in London end the suburb*. They were, in mosey instant es carried on inouthouses or converted stables. Reading, writing, and casting, were taught. The Bible was read. 'I he managers and teachers consisted of persons of all denominations. Hie right hon. friend (Sir James Graham) asked what was the religious teaching. There was a central committee called the Begged School Union. That rostra! beard made grants, and required that the Bible should be read in those schools in all its integri y. In ether respects the religious teaching was left to the local board.. All they demanded .89, that the Bible, and the whole Bible, should be read hy the children. In anything that might be done for the advancement of this system, it was in ,the highest degree necessary to guard against detractilg from the local zeal, or damping the moiler of the voluntary efforts of the people. But, at the une time, such assistance might be given as would preserve the principle of these schools in all its integri'y. The pro. p.m hien that he made was, that the government should agree ILO take from these schcels every year 1,000 children, 000 Hoye and 500 girls, and should transplant them to South Australia or one other of our colonies. He proposed that this should be a reward for good conduct. lie should not assign any time that they should be at the schools, because one child might be better qualified in ashorterspace than an other ; all he waisted to secure was a recompense for moral con duct. Now the ad vantagesof this would be indescrib tble. First, there was the stimulus which would be given to the schools. lie had no doubt that they would be much better supported if the rich saw that something practical was gained by giving their money. Look at the benefice that would be conferred on the children. They wire not now three months in a school without uspiring to higher things, and what would be their feelings if still more important advantages were held out to them? -They might be expected to walk in all the dignity of honest men and good citizens. At present, let them remember, the prison was no gismo to them. It constantly happened now that a boy came to the school for a few days—was then absent for a month or so—then returned, and on heing questioned, replied:—" Very sorry I could not come before, but had three weeks in Brislewell." Hold out to them this hope, and they , might expect to see the work of edema tion established and a most healing influence might be expected to be produced. But then he came to the conditions. " Was the plan he proposed a prsc ticable plan ?" Now the evidence from all our Australian colonies went to show the soil want of labour existing in them. Mr. Cunningham, of Port l'billip, declared that any species of labour could be employed there. Suppose 1,000 were sent out every year, how would they be disposal of ? Ile was told that fur every thousand sheep three persons were required with wages of 201. per annum, a house, and weekly rations. If but three persons were sent to each staff en they might send at once to Australia 12,000 persons. For females the demand was greater. Ile knew a ease where a just arrived from England, obtained 51/. a year wages ian a lady's maid in Sydney. In Port l'hillip the males were to the rentals s as 9 to 1 ; whilst in this kingdom the excess of 1 (malts over males, according to the last census, was 358,164. I How much good, then, might be done by transp lantin g some of the poor girls of London to our colonies. Nothing but re ' solution was required to effect that object. lie hoped he should not be met by the answer that any system of emigration ap plied to these school, must be applied to allscheols, for he had shown that the circumstances of these schools were peculiar. He contended that crime was the most expensive state for the country in which its lower population could be involved. ragged It was calculated by Mr. Smith, the manager of the ragg I school at Edinburgh, that every five pounds a year paid . for ' a c!.ild at the ragged school raved the country, in mere money, from 111. to 171. per annum, in rescuing that child from becoming chargeable as a prisoner. There was an annual outlay of very nearly a million of money for the prevention, detection, and punishment of crime in and arosini London, and be was well persuaded that a large pro portion of this expenditure—looking at the Twitter merely in a pecuniary point of view—could be saved by the measure which he proposed es a means of removing our poor children from the sphere of temptation to a locality where they could live honestly and happily by their own exertions. He was convinced that if government would take the initiative in this beneficial course the example would lie gladly fol tweed by the authoritit a in every over-populated district rOroughnut the land. The noble lord concluded by moving, ss . TOist it is expedient the means be annually provided for the voiuntery emigration, to some one of her Majesty's colonies, of a certain number of young persons of both sexes, who have been educated in the schools ordinarily called ' rag.oed school .' in and about the metropolis." Sir H. VERNEY cordially thanked the noble lord for the proposition he had so humanely and ably brought befem the house. Sir G. GREY said that no one could have listened to the !Teeth of his noble friend without a feeling of deep interest. There could be no doubt, unhappily, of the sadly demoralised condi•jon sf a yery large prope;tion of per puenile prole- lion ; and the greatest credit was due to those persona, of all Masses, who, from motives of Christian philanthropy, applied their efforts to runs the children of the country from their wretched state. This was not merely a Christian or moral question, but one affecting the political and social interests of the country, and it was clearly the duty of the govern. meet, as for as possible, to lend its aid in applying a remedy to the evils so truiy stated by his noble friend. The ragged schools were already doing much towards the good work, and more especially in the exam ple they afforded of what might be accomplished by gentle means and moral example. Tho right hon. gentle man adduced to the game purpose the good effeeta which were achieved by the efforts of the managers and teachers at the Philanthropic &boo), and passed a high eulogium indi vidually upon Mr. Turner, whose exertions had been so successful 111 the reformation of youth. Ile mentioned that tho Aberdeen Ragged School, from the admirable manner in which it wee managed, had already completely abolished mendicity from the streets of tha t city. The cause had been most effmeually served, too, by several excellent pamphlets published on the subject, by the noble lord himself, by Mr. Diekeas, and other benevolent men. At the same time, 10..kieg a' the mass of crime which existed, it was too evident that a long time must elapse before even the most energetic efforts in tnis direction could pro duce any very material diminution of that inau. To the principle of the noble lord's proposal lie had no objection ; the govertime tit, indeed, were ale catty acting upon it, by re moving offenders, at an age earth r than hornet ly, from the danger of evil communications, to our foreign settlements, and putting them in the way to earn their own living ho nestly and profitably. He could assure the noble lord that no exertions would be omitted by the emigration commis sioners, and the Colunial Wilco, and by tho govern meet generally, to carry his views into operation, as rapidly and as effectually as pessible, and this with regard to youthful offenders throughout the country, as wed as to those of the metropolis. (Hear, hear.) Ito hoped that his noble friend, accepting his assurance of the entire concurrence of the government in his views, anal of their full intention to carry them out, would consent to withdraw his motion. The hen. gentleman midi et that already the efforts of the governineut in facilitating the emigration of young females from Ireland were producing the best results. (Hear, hear.) CONULLY fully corrob mated the eatement that the emigration of young females from Ireland was effect in g • ma, tenni benefit far that country. Mr. liteltSNIAN said that the noble lord, by this most va luable melon had added greatly to the deep debt of gist tulle which the country already owed him. As simply a means of economy, the Chasm:ller of the Exchequer ought In have seconded the motion. Mr. F. SCOTT expressed the hope that the government would, as aeon as possible, take energetic measures to carry out the views so ably stated by the noble lord. He had him self that day waited uu Lorl John Russell, to urge upon him the extension of emigration by means of government advances upon local rates. The government advanced money to drain waste land ; a not less valuable assistance would be to advance money to drain off waste population. The colonies of Australia abounded in food, which wan weasel there as men were wasted here. Mr. SLAN EY bad heard the speech of the noble lord and 'of Sir O. Grey with great satisfaction. Ito hoped the goblet lord w sold not press his motion aft( r the encouragement be had received hum the right hon. barmen Mr. V. SMITH said that the universal acquiescence of all parties in the projects and views of the noble lord was one of the most dangerous modes in which such • motion could he received, for whilst every one agreed in the pure philanthropy of his noble friend's endea vours nobody ever thought of the practical mode of carrying them into effect. But his melee friend had placed before the house a plan admirably adapted to am: bo rate the condition of the classes whose condition he had se well stated to the house, and instesd of being satisfied with a general promise on the part of the government, he ( Mr. V. Smith) only wished that he (Lewd Ashley) had moved an address to the crown, praying fur a definite stun of mane for the purpose of carrying into practice the views he had explained. S:r I'. H. ACLAND recommended the comeletest urca aimity on the pr , sent que stem, as any other course wuuld Ibe prejudicial. He lied the strongest Colliitielleo in the Home Secretary's assurance, that the government would do its best to promote the plus of the noble lord. Mr. B. HAth'ES regretted that his right hon. friend had cast any doubt upon the sincerity of the Home Secretary in respect to the views of the government regardine the plans of the noble lord. The questirn of emigration had re peatedly engaged the attention of his right hon. friend the Home Seen terry end himself. .1 he question was one of money. It was proposed to ask for 10,0001, this scar partly to defray the cost of sending out the wives and families of convicts to Australia -a smell portion would also be applied to the purposes of emigration from the ragged schools. There was another source of funds—namely, the colonies, which might be justly called on to contribute to such a urpose. There were funds ari'ing from the sale of colonial lanes also partly applicable to emigration purposes. Ile agreed with the noble lord iii his estonate of the importance of encouraging female emigration from Ireland. If the noble lord allowed the irevernmeut time to neaten, his plan, he (Mr. B. Hawes) thought it might be found practicable. It ' ought not, however, to he limited to the metropolis, I but it ought to be extended to the whole kingdom, Lord MAIION said that the statement of the Under Seem toy for the Celenies with respect to the stylication of the sum of 10,10t01. for the purposes of etuigratien of clavicle' wives to Von Dienten's Lawn was at variance with the' answer given to him (Loral Mahon) on a former occasionre lative to the same grant of money. Mr. B. HAWES said that it was found to be practicable to apply the sum in question to Australia generally, instead of confining it to Van I tiernen's Land. Sir E. N. BUXTON said that while he joined in the passel upon the labours of the noble lord (Lord Ashley) in the cause of the parer chases of the community, and the eloquence with which the noble lord had opened the question that evening, he (Sir E. N. Buxton) must call at tention to the claims of another class of the neglected poor of the community—he meant that class which, though poor, were Indio trious and attentive to tee education of their children. , ' Mr. M. MILNES supported the proposition made by his noble friend the member (or Bath. the government would cot disposs of this all-important matter by civil words and mere complimmitary phrases, but would be prepared at an early ;eel to t to make great and im portant written on Dahill of the labouring classes of the community. Mr. ADDERLEY wished to call the attention of the house to the fact that in the county he rep, tented societies had already been f armed by the working nien themselves to promote the emigration of them. is and their fellow labourers. They had done this after retiring from chartist associations; and he mentioned this fact to induce the go vernment to assist these men is the attainment of their object. Mr. WESTIIEAD read to the house two letters lie had recently remise d from his agent in South Austraii n, stating the demand there was in that colony for additional labour. One of the letters stated thst the farmers could not get labour sufficient for their purpotes, and were laying 1 3 s. to 14,. per acre for reaping, finding the laborer with lodging, the best of food, and a bottle of wine (value one shilling) per day. Lard ASHLEY said his object in moving for this grant, was to make an experiment,—to get in the thin edge of the wedge, and then to drive it further. Ater the way in which hie motion had limn met, he would not take so hos tile a course as to divide the how, but would continue to jog the memory of his right hon. friends opposite on theeub je ct. ( Ilea.) The motion was then, by leave, withdrawn. LOWTHRRSTOWN UNION. Catimiu ARCILDALL rose to being under the considera tion of the house the allegations c nitaned in two petitions of the late poor law guardians of the Lewtheritewn union, and of the rate-payers of the Clonelly district of that union. The elected guardians had been dismissed on the 15th of September lest by the commissione rs, who attributed mis conduct to the board for suggesting the payment by instal ments of the money advanced to them under the Temporary Relief Act. At a meeting on the Bth of September, the guardians bad come to this resolution solely with the view of alleviating the burden on the poorer rate payers. The commissioners, instead of taking into consideration the suggestions of the guardians, abruptly dismissed them within a wick rafter, and appointed two gentlemen, Mr. Lucas and Mr. Hopper, to take charge of the union, by which the rate payers complainer: that they had been put to very great un necessary expense. Unfavourable centrum for bread had been entered into; and in a short time these gentlemen were removed and two others appointed. One of these was Mr. Morton, a very r xcitahle and eccentric person, whose reports showed his total inefficiency for the management of the workh .use. The unpaid guardians heel been reinstated in April last; and in a ninth from that time they succeeded in reducing the nunitiere receiving outdoor relief from 2,829 to 1,767. The reinstatement of the unpaid guardians woe not consider , d as an admission of error on the part of the commisriouers. Mr. Twistleton had proved himself hasty, arrogant, and over-hearing; and such conduct was nut to be tolerated by the guardians and rate-payers. Ile moved the appointment of a select committee to inquire into the me. SIT W. SOMERVILLE said that, atter this notice had , been several we' lea on the paper, the hoc. and gallant 1 member had concluded with a different motion from that of which he had given notice. His notice was to call attention to a petition, which contained a direct charge against the commissioners of having dismissed the guardians from pc tty spite and unworthy motives—the alleged ground being the refusal of the guardians to dismiss the workhouse master. The papers before the house proved the gross, unpardonable, and scandalous neglect of the guardians in the management of the work house ; even the children were neglected, and had not suffi Meat food ; and if ever there was a case where the power of dismissing the guardians was properly exercised, it was this of the Lo etbentown union. These guardians had positively refused to carry out the act of parliament after repeated re monstrances from the commissioners ; and that was the short history of the case. The hon. and gallant member had spoken harshly of Mr. Morton, whose duties had been discharged in the most satisfactory manner and with the most distinguished ability. Col. CONOLLY thought the guardians justified in their wish to impose a moderate rate. Mr. F. FRENCH considered the language used to these guardians was quite unjustifiable. Mr. Twistleton hail hail no experience whatever in working the poor-law in Ireland, and his attempts to force his views upou the people were , most offensive. ' Mr, E. B. ROCIIE thought the whole system must he changed, and that the local bodies must be vested with greater powers. This act of the central board had not been shown to be otherwise than arbitrary and despotic. Sir F. NUGENT tsz,4 no hesitation in saying that a more untoward act had never been committed than the dismissal ---------- of these boards of guardians. Mr. Twistlet= was re sponsible for all the evils of the system u it was working in Ireland. He eould not understaud any reason why investi gation should be denied. Sir 0. GREY hoped the house would not adopt any motion involving a vote of censure upon the poor-law com missioners of Ireland without a full consideration of all the peculiar circumstances of the care. No doubt the commis sioners might, insome instances, have erred; it was inevitable for men so situated to do so ; but he could not admit that In the case of the Lowtherstone guardians the commissioners had exhibited either undue haute or abitrariness. Colonel DUNNE could not but think that the commis sioners hod failed to exercise a proper discretion in their con duct towards the Lowtherstone guardians. hlr. REYNOLDS was as anxious as any men to see the principle of the Irish poor law carried out, but he was per ctly clear, at the COMO time, that its details required ma label amendment, and he felt that look amoadtmrtte would completely defeat the (*lea " . ..those who desired to get rid I of the poor low altogether. Ile considered that there were strong reasons for dismissing the Lowtherstone guardians, whmo apathy—not to call it obstinacy—in reference to the collection of the poor rate, endangered the lives of the poor in their locality. He urged th e gallaut member to with draw his motion. Mr. MONSELL also requested Captain Archdall to with draw his motion. Captain ARCIIDALL said that, as ouch seemed to be the general feeling of the house, he would withdraw his motion. I'OItTUOAL. Mr. URQUHART alterud tho terms of his motion on this subject, and postponed it to another day. RAILWAYS llt ELAN D. Mr. FRENCH brought in a bill for securing to Ireland a complete system of railways, which was read a first time. PUBLIC HEALTH BILL. The report of tho committee on this bill was brought up, the consideration of the amendments being postponed. The house then adjourned, at a quarter to one. ELECTION COMMITTEE—YESTERDAY. Dunt.tri.—The scrutiny was further proceeded with. Three votes for Mr. Reynolds were objected to, two of which objections were guanine& in the third cage the committee declaring in favour ut the v.didity of the vote. LAND (NATIONAL) COMMITTEE. — Chairman informed the strangers present that although they had been admittid it was with the express stipulation that no part of the proceedings should be published. The erpret4o. MAILS. The oveiland clown mails, cis Marseilles, to the Mediterranean, Yrgypt, Aden, ley too, tiulu, 'twig-Kong, eth., will be made up on the evening el the 7th June. The ni.ola for itritith North Amerfra, and the United States, will be mime up on the evening of the nth June. The We.t hunt Mails, excluding iternautia, Nassau Ilaranna, llonituram, New tirlearui, Vera Cruz, Tionples, and Port o lUeat, and lulling thine fur Madeira, Juctoel, thirthsgen.i, h.anLa Martha, thagres, Panama, Went Coast of South America, and M. Juan-de. Nicaragua, will he mutt , up on the awning of the 17 th June. The mails for Vigo. Oporto, Lisbon, Madeira, Cildie, stud Gibraltar will be made up on the morning of the 17th June. 'lb/ overland mails tut Gibraltar, Malts, Greece, the finnan Islands, Egypt. Aden, Peyton, India, Ilona -Kong, and China, ria Southamp ton, will be made upon the morning of the 'loth Juno. The mails for New South Wales, Van Ineman'a Lana, and New te.dand will be made up ou the evening tat the Seth June. The TIMII4 fur the West C-suit of Africa and Madeira will be mad* up on the evening ut the 30th June. The 'unto fur the Brazils, the Inver Plate, 3tonte Vi.leo, remain. buth, Bahia, Madeira, awl lluenur Ayres, will be male up ten the evening of the 4th July. NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS. The number of STAMPS issued by the authorities of the Starnp•otliee, during 1b47, to the DAILY NEWS was 3.447.009 • This, we htlisre, is within eight per tent. of the number issued to the Morning Herald, Morning Caruniele, an 4 Morning Post, ALL PUT TUOCTURN. In addition to the above, issued to the DAILY NEWS, Morning Paper, there were issued fur the heeninv Edition, THE EXPRESS 778.714 . Which Wll.l more, we believe, than wtre issued either to the Globe or Standard, Evening Papers. RlOll WATER AT LONDON 001000. Is••—li:ora , , .1.4.11 Allenres. 9 .09. pia 4. To* LONDON.IVEDNESDAY.JUNE7 , We. believe we are not singular in the cordial esteem, approaching we may say to veneration, with which we regard the earnest benevolence of Lord And in every word that he said last night respecting the ragged schools, as &meritorious and rue ccssful effort, to an extent t hat could scarcely have been anticipated, to bring home the humanising influences of ,moral end religious knowledge to the veriest out eißts of society, we entirely concur. Nor are we with out hope that the dark truths revealed by Lord ASHLEY, may accelerate a national effort to relieve ' the living mass of squalid destitution among us. Still, we are of opinion that the motion with which he concluded, for an annual grant of money to pro vide prize passages to the colonies for some of the cost promising pupils of the Metropolitan Ragged Schools is one of a numerous class that ought to he discou raged. Nut a session pa see over our heads but same half-a-dozen humane members of parliament approach the Exchequer with similar applica tions for public charity, applying a gimlet, as it were, to the tun, and boring a very small hole into which a straw may be inserted to draw off a very small quantity of cash to refresh a very few indict dua.s. The house grants the req . .est to save itself the trouble of discussion, because the bum is so Mean siderable ; but the aggregate amount of such conces sions becomes, in the lapse of years, so great at to be fe It iu the general expenditure, end to paralyse the na tion's power to award money for carrying into effect schemes of comprehensive utility. Why should government grant what Lord ASHLEY asked to fires of the metropolitan ragged schools alone? Why, of all the deserving fleet maces classes of the metropolis, arc the attendants on th ragged scho,ls alone to participate in this donation ? It would be a bounty upon the neglect of poor parents to make an effort to educce their children ; for the children of poor people who have pinched themselves to eductte them can have no share in it. It would be an effort to send the colonies young folks born and bred in the metropolis, the class of all others least able to be of use to themselves or other people in such an unac customed field of exertion. Lord Asuhee's motion is, moreover, superfluous. Every month ships are sent off to Australia with free passage emigrants of the labouring class. If his lord ship's protrWs are really tit to rough it in a new country, the vouchers that can be produced to their characters will easily obtain for them a preference ; if they arc not fit it is cruelty to send them there. What Lord ASHLEY last night called upon parlia ment to do might be a very proper thing for a few benevolent individuals to do by private sub scription. So little has been attempted by parlia ment and government to enable the more destitute classes in this country to take advantage of the un measured tracts of masterless lands in the over.sea British dominions, and that little after such an unin telligent and hesitating fashion, that every success ful effort to put even one or two robust and spirited individuals in the way to carve oat their own fortunes in the colonies is a real gain for humanity. But to call upon parliament instead of private individuals to un dertake these acts of isolated and exceptional bene volence, is to divert its attention from the more com prehensive task which it ought to undertake. What the nation has a right to expect from parliament is not a grant of a few hundred pounds to enable a few deserving young men and women to escape to the colonies, but a system of emigration upon a scale sufficiently extensive to afford the means of reaching the unappropriated lands in the colonies to all who, not withstanding their sincere desire and their ability to support themselves by honest industry, find all occu pations closed against them in thus over-crowded land by a dense throng of earlier competitors. We are no believers in MALTHUS. His doctrine, that population has a natural tendency to in crease in a geometrical while the means of subsistence only Increase in an arithmetical ratio, was at first assumed upon very insufficient data, in order to serve as an argument against GODWIN'S views of the perfectibility of human society. It was a piece of polemical exaggeration, and has not been denuded of this suspicious character by being stripped (as it is in its author's later publications) of its controversial form, and put forward as an abstract proposition. But there is thus much of truth in the Malthusian dogma, that in old countries, where all the land has been appropriated, and where the professions are ' amply filled up, population has a tendency to in crease more rapidly than such employment as enables the industrious to earn not only their daily ;bread bat wherewithal to support a young family and provide for old age. Those who with the late Mr. SADLER, (or rather with the late WILLIAM Tartott : of Norwich, front wheat he tack the hint) bold that the prolificness of the human race dimi Malice in proportion as the density of society increases, mistake the effect for the cause. In dense popula- a most salutary effect upon the Papal dominions and Lions proportionally fewer children are born, but this those of Naples. It will deliver the people of them is on account of the causes pointed out by MALrlics. countries from the dread of Austria—retrograde rulers In long settled and thickly peopled countries, like and statesmen from all hopes of its succour. Th e Great Britain. the local power of increasing the King of NAPLES, abandoned to himself, must ret urn means of subsistence lags behind the local tendency to constitutional ways or perish. And a congres s , to augment the population. Hence crowds of half- according to the recommendation of Gtonsavr, can employed and unemployed poor; hence privations meet at Rome to knit the links and establish the among the proprietary class of more limited means ; laws of an Italian federation. hence discomfort, indigence, unavailing struggles, One happy characteristic of this revival of Italy irritation and discontent, crimes, turbulence, all that is the utter absence of foreign aid or intervention endangers the well-being and stability of a state. in its achievement. Neither French agents not The great advantage which the United States English fleets have meddled therein. Even adv*, se co he n in strtu . tion at al possess over Great Britain is owing exeln- was neither influential nor to the purpose. Our envo y Nicely to the facility of access enjoyed by the at Turin timidly dissuaded Cusau:s / ro i l Population to wrote !ands far more eXtettaiVto p4i,siug the liberal Rubicon. Tn s imminent of ;Ilan they can occupy. More just and wise than the France was warnutaa M. rit LAmAaviNE inforinedthe British, Americans are not; as witness the negroslavery Assembly, that Italy did not need F on ren m eh on an da in the southern states and their Mexican war—as The peninsula has su ffi ced for its own redemption. witness the poverty and crime in their large sea- Mr. Disnaehr made very merry Monday night aullitphasthteeffgorertsat for p e te te ta nd o i f ng librl e is a m nd ; board cities. Yet such utter destitution as is expeg rienced by our pauper class, such years of toilm inanition as fall to the lot of too large a proportion of governments to other countries. He ridiculed the idea our operatives are unknown there. And in America of a constitution, a Lords and a Commons, as not such outbursts of frantic diseffeetions to the institu- practicol. Hoes Mr. I)IsRAELI pretend at this time of Cons of the country as every lustrum since I hl9 has day, that absolute governments are alone practical.? witnessed here, are unknown, although their execu- We have two very pretty samples before us of such Jive government is immeasurably weaker than ours, practical blessings ; one, the paternal government of both from the nature of its constitution, and from the M ETTERN ten ; the other, the enlightened despotism immense tracts of thinly-peopled country through of the Prussian monarch. Where are they ? H ow which the rebellious might dodge and double to evade did they work ? How did the* resist the storm ? its grasp. The rarity of absolute destitution, the Fanciful politicaltheorists are mucii given to make game comparative paucity of those crimes which are the of constitutional government, and to taunt liberalism. offspring of hopeless indigence, the absence of popular But at the same time they dare not avow a preference disaffection in America, arc owing to the process of of despotism. Will they point out a medium? Will dispersion from the dense es etre% or p o pulation to the they condescend to invent a system of government lonely backwoods which is constantly in progress that is not despotic, and not constitutional ? Loins there. Pirthiren was, perhaps, the only person that ever Now in point of fact there are within the dominions made an attempt of the kind—his system of a Pena of the British crown tracts of unappropriated waste milieu, of having a representative assembly, and which need but the labour of man to make them teem making a mere stalking horse of it, whilst be really with the means of human sustenance, scarcely, if at governed by courtiers and military, and by on_ all, inferior in extent to those possessed by the United constitutional influence. Surely this system has States. Nor are these possible homes for the home- been tried in France, and we have seen leas in the Old Country more difficult of access than its failure. It is still in course of trial the prairies of the Far West are from the Atlantic sea- in Spain, and we see its results. A constitution and board of America. A little intelligent foresight—a a representative system are certainly very old, very little cordial co-operation—on the part of the people humdrum things—much used, mum abused, without and government of Great Britain would make our any longer the claim of novelty. They are neither colonies serve all the useful purposes to which the so original nor so poetical as the system of either United States turn their waste lands. 1.01.:IS BLANC or Dr. FitaNCIA. But we must still To this end it is oaly required to give the emi- be allowed to remain attached to this form of go grating propensity which is so active among our vernment, both for ourselves and for others, until countrymen the form and direction of colonisation— some such SoLoN as the member for Buckinghamshire to make it a public business. Ily making it a public shall prepare a better. And we sincerely hope that affair we understand systematic colonisation, span- the Italians may try representative government, taneous on the part of the emigrating settlers, but and the Spaniards recur to the same, as soon and as conducted under the superintending guidance a a sincerely as possible. public authority—either a department appointed by government, or elected by the people or their repre sentatives. The necessity of re-adjusting the balance of population and the field of profitable employment by some such public wrangem , nt has been felt in all communities, ancient and modern, and that at a very early period of their history. The early Greek colo nies generally originated in civil feuds; but wherever history enables us to trace the causes of these feuds they will be found to have originated in the local pressure of population on the means of subsistence. In the Italian states which preceded, or were contem porary with, the foundation of Rome, there were laws by which all the chibiren born in certain years, perio dically recurring, were devoted to go out at a certain age from the parent community to form new settlements. 'I he dispersion of the Teutonic race throughout Europe was mainly owing to an analogous arrange ment. In the Old Testament we s, e the operation of the law of nature which dictated these arrange ments in a still simpler and more primitive state of society than any of those to which we have yet alluded. And the unintermitting westward move ment of the population of the United States under the auspices of the land department in Washington is merely the operation of the same natural law under a form adapted to a more complicated and civilised social organisation. Great Britain, too, may have, and must Imre, its hardy pioneers and its land department, whereby our unoccupied lands in Australia and elsewhere may be made the means of relieving the incessantly recurring local pressure of population on the means of subsist ence. The peace of our native land and the prosperity of its children urgently demand the adoption of immediate measures to this end. The experience of the last thirty years, and tie discus sions of many master minds upon that experience have supplied ample intelligence for organising systematic colonisation. To rest contented with such microscopical efforts as that recommended by Lord AsttLEY, or even with merely supplying the urgent want of labour in New South Wales, is to remain blind to the necessities of the country—to the high and special vocation of our age and country. To think only of finding a new sphere of action for a few reclaimed convicts, or an empty field upon which the destitute peasantry of Ireland may be " shovelled out," is to entertain a perverted and degrading notion of the task of colonisation. It will never do to send out the poor alone to our colonies. To found and to carry on new settlements capitalists and labourers must go forth together. Time must elapse before the earth can be made to yield its returns, and during this interval the labourer must be supported. Capital is necessary to provide the means of subduing the earth as well as of maintain ing its cultivator till the harvest can be reaped. Go vernment has been found inadequate to the task of procuring implements, directing the application of labour, and feeding the labourers. In new countries, as in old, these objects can only be accomplished with the necessary economy and effect by private enterprise, stimulated by the prospect of individual gain. It is not large capitalists who are required for this purpose; buten admixture of men possessing some capital, among those who possess nothing but their capacity for labour, is indispensable. And the virtual monopoly by which, in our comparatively narrow field of profit able investment in the old country, large capitalists keep down small ones, renders the colonies even a more desirable and necessary place of refuge for this class than for the mere labourers. A beneficial scheme of colonisation will require to be one which facilitates the simultaneous emigration and settlement of em ployers and employed. The establishment and carrying out of such a system, would benefit the country in more ways than one. It would relieve the immediate local pressure of population upon the mcar,s of subsistence; and, by creating new markets for the products of our home industry, new fields whence to draw our raw Materials, it would retard and alleviate that pressure in future. GERMANY. PRUSSIA.—BERLIN, JUNE 4.—Berlin is se in a state of great excitement. The working classes are loud in their demand for arms, and that demand has been partly complied with by the government. All kinds of rumours are afloat, and a hundred events or circumstances of the most trifling import in themselves arouse daily the sus picions of the public. The fact is, that ever since the recall of the Prince of Prussia, hut more particularly since the publication of the extraordinary draft of the constitution, as drawn up by the government, in usurpation of the rights of the constituent assembly of Berlin, the operatives of the capital, and great numbers of the middle clap, look upon every move ment of the cabinet and its subordinates with great jealousy, if not with distrust ; and perhaps no better proof of the correctness of that statement could be given than the somewhat summary dismissal—for such it may be called—of Gen. Aschoff from his post of commander of the civic guard by that body itself, upon the ground that he no longer possessed its confidence. AUSTRIA.—VIES SA, JUNE I.—The Russian am bassador is understood to be the only member of the owl's dytonatique who has followed the court to Inn spruck. The others are said to have declared that being accredited to the Austrian government, nct to his Majesty personally, they remain, at least till further instructions, at the seat of government. A deputation of Vienna ladies, headed by a fashionable milliner, have gone to Innsprack, to petition the Empress to use her influence with her imperial spouse I to induce him to return to the capital. The day of the diet—the Emperor's birth-day— passed over at Vienna without any of the usual demonstrations. Early in the evening, however, all the houses in the suburbs were illuminated. In the city the windows remained dark till a pretty advanced hour; first one and then another, however, came to be lit up, and ultimately the illumination might be considered as general. In the evening, the Uni versity legion celebrated a feast of reconciliation with the national :guard of the Carinthian quarter which had been suspected of reactionary tendencies. The Odeon, in which they met, was crowded, and about midnight an improvised torch-light procession took place, which visited in succession, with cordial greetings, the houses of the new commandant of the national guard, Col. Pannasch, the commandant of the University legion, Professor Fuster, and the Minister Pillensdorff. Everything went off with the beat good humour. The Emperor has been amusing himself at Inns pruck by awarding crosses to the officers and medals to the soldiers who fought in toe streets ca: Milan. A more praiseworthy exercise of his authority is an ex tension of the amnesty of the 28th of March—with even greater latitud: than the original—to all who had been sentenced in consequence of their participa tion in the revolutionary movements in Cracow and Gallicia. HESSE DARMSTADT.—It is believed that privy councillor Eigenbrodt will be the successor of Baron von Gagern as head of the cabinet; the latter having, as previously stated, resigned that post on being elected president of the constituent assembly at Frankfort. Tae CIIOLEILA.—The cholera is making sad havoc again in Russia. According to the Berlinisehe Nach richter, there were in one week 155 cases in Moscow, 37 of which terminated fatally. The epidemic is also ragingin Wiadimir and Tschernigorod, and in the go vernment of Podolia. BELGIUM.—BausseLs, Juse 3.—lt ia reported that the council of ministers have decided that M. Pennon Rogier shall speedily replace the Prince:de Ligne an Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at Paris.. HOLLAND.—THE HAGUE, JUNE 4.—The Prince of Prussia intends to continue his journey to Berlin this day. LA PLATA.—We extract the following intelli gence from a private letter. dated 23r..1 of March, ISIS, which has just arrived by the Brandywine from M rote Video : " In great haste to catch this c ,nveyance, we have to com municate that, according to all appearances, nothing is further from the mind of the int:rvention than to give up this question. Negotiations op .ned yesterday. The min isters addressed themselves simultaneously to ?resident Soarer and Gen. Oribe, and the Alecto took up a toniummi cation (supposed of the same nature) to the Buenos Ayrean government. It in contradicted on authority that the French raised the blockade. The sale of the Fame Rao or. to day. Thz French are about to land more force h e re, fox whisk they have taken quarters; and it is generally believed the English also, although this in not yet so certain. Lis now believed that the Griffon (which left this with maid orders ten days ago) has been sent to the Cape, to order hther the troops which were under orders to return home." Tint liberation of Italy may bo considered as de cided. The regular siege and capture of a strong fortress garrisoned by Austrian troops, and within a few miles of a large and well-supplied Austrian army, which marched to its succour and was driven back :—this is a feat of arms which replaces Italy in the rank of nations, and, whatever may 13a the future alternation of her fortune, shows the country capable of successfully defeudisg her freedom and independence. The .uccessful expulsion of the Austrians not only from Milan but the Milanese territory, their repulse from Brescia, from Vicenza and Treviso, had already given strong proofs of the gallantry of the Italian citizen as well as soldier. But something more was wanting to show that the Piedmontese could cope in the severe and open struggles of war with the Austrians. This has been now fully proved. The Austrians have made their last effort. In the shattered and divided state of their empire, they cannot repeat such efforts. And the failure of ItAnerzst may be considered as favourable to Austrian as to Italian liberties. The withdrawal of the Emperor to Innspruck must prove a false and idle step, unless he can rally to his side a numerous and victorious army. A defeated and discontented soldiery does not form the elements for restoring an absolute monarchy. And thus the expulsion of the Austrian general may prove the safity of Vienna, as well as of Milan. Italy, too, wins more than victory in the field. The campaign has displayed the mar tial qualities of one of its native princes, and endowed him with a reputation, now more neces sary than even hereditary claims to wield the popular sceptre. CHARLES ALBERT will now indisputably become sovereign of North Italy, from Venice to Chamber'', while Modena, Piacenza, and the smaller states beyond the Po, have also rallied of their own free will to the same empire. The wealthier citizens of Milan, threatened by the mob and a LEDRU ROLLIN government, are eager for CHARLES ALBERT'S election. Venice is in the same sentiments. The eat iblishment of a constitutional and Italian monarchy throughout the breadth of North Italy cannot but have Tile LONDON DISTRICT POST LETTER CAREERS. — By order of the Marquis Clanricarde, Postmasteraeneral, the above officers are ordered the retention of heir late rise in pay from 21s. to 2.5.. per week, according to eniority, They may now, if they choose, enter the General 'ost ser vice as vacancies occur, where they may have de oppor tunity of rising to 30s. per week, with the prospct of an increased pension for length of service. MessraMoffatt, Nt.r., and Masterman, M.P., have been the meansof effect ting this deArable change in favour of thise tarckorkiag servants of the public. TILE GRAND JUNCTION CANAL. CiltraNT.--Yester day a half-yearly general meeting of the proprietorsof the Grand Junction Canal Company was held, ai the !town and Anchor Tavern, Strand, to receive the report fr the past half-year. The lion. P. P. Doincrie it the chair. It appeared from the report that the whae re venue for the half year amounted to 61,4411. NI Id., and the expenditure, including extraordinary weep and income tax, to 20,6461. 3s. Ild., which left a bale= of 30,793/. Ils. 2.1., out of which the general committee mom mended a dividend of 21. 10a, to be paid, amountig to 23,6371.10 e. The report further states that, since Chritmas last there has been a continued decrease in the genera ton nages of the canal, as compared with previous years, ant that in consequence, as a measure of eelf.preservaiion, it vould be necessary to extend the adoption of the new carving system by railways, which had been commenced in Deem ber last, the results of which have been satisfactory and en conaging. The report was received and agreed to, Then th au k s were voted to the chairman, and the meting separated i real, terel the to b prel pre esie sbo par the beh Sea oho