The Express. — London, England, 1847-03-24 00:00:00

After a protracted ',animation, in which Mr. Slaw, Lord J. Manners, Sir Oeo. Grey, Mr. Hume, Lord Castlereso, and Mr. John O'Connell took part, Sir R. PEEL suggested that the motion mig'it as well be altered, so se at mute to be disposed ef. He would rug. gest it should run thus "That a select committee be appointed to inquire into the statements contained in the letters of Captain Wynne and Mr. Gamble to the board of works in reference to the county of Clare, and into any eircunistancer connected therewith, which might app. $r to the committee to be fit subject for investigation." (Hear.) 'Lord J. RUSSELL said that there would be no objection to such a reference. Mr. C. O'BRIEN then withdrew the original motion, and Mr. W. S. O'BRIEN moved the adoption of the motion, in the terms suggested by the right hon. baronet the mem ber for Tiunworth (Sir It. Peel). The motion, having been seconded, was agreed to. SUNDAY TRADING la THE METROPOLIS. Mr. HINDLEY, without making any statement, moved for a select committee to inquire into the practice of Sunday trading in the metropolis. Mr. HUME asked what were the objects of the proposed inquiry. The house was already in possession of reports which had resulted from previous inquiries on this subject ; and he should like to know what new circumstances had oc. cured to render another inquiry necessary. He should like to hear something of the intention' of the hon. member be fore agreeing to the motion. Lord J. RUSSELL said he had already expressed a hope that the house would agree without discussion to those mo tions to which there was no objection, and that no motion would be brought on which was likely to lead to discussion. He admitted that it was not satisfactory to appoint this com mittee without any reasons being given for it ; neither, on the other hand, would it be satisfactory to him and many other members of the house, to have a lung discussion, NM they were anxious to go into committee on the Poor Relief klreland) Bill. He must be allowed to say, he really did not see any necessity for the motion at all. Mr. HINDI:EY ultimately postponed his motion till Tuesday next SHIPPING OF DUBLIN. Mr. W. COLLETT moved for some returns relative to the vessels belonging to the city of Dublin and the General bSteam Nangation Cy several hon. memben ee °ppm, dto die mo te t ion, it woe, after a short diretweion, wirawn. TREATMENT OF FEVER IN IRELAND. Mr. LABOUCHERE moved for leave to bgla In a to amend and continue an act of last session he vision, until theist of September neat, for the trealMenr poor persons afflicted with fever in Ireland. The meet had thought it desirable, in the present ooei et Ireland, and with the prospect that was before them an, only to continue this set, but to make some alterations ia the principal of which would be to transfer to the relief eons minces, constituted under an act now poising through the house, the powers that were invested, by the Fever Act of last session, in the poor law guardians. Experience bad proved the necessity of a more summary mode of presseding than the late act supplied ; the machinery of the relief OM'• mittees was far mere perfect, and acted in a more powerful manner. Another alteration would be to throw the exposes of the lever cases on the general relief fund ; so that there should be no doubt about the money being forthcoming far this meet desirable object. Power would also be given to the relief committees, soling under the board of relief in Dahlia, to provide for the decent interment of those dying from epi demic dimes.. He woull suggest that the dianamion os the bill should be postponed till the second reading. Sir J. GRAHAM asked if it was intended woe GOY be Wangler the management from the guardians to the rad committee, but also to transfer the expence from the paw rate to the relief-rate. Deo, a moiety of the cost would be. ems a charge to the public. Mr. LABOUCHE RE said such a change was intended. If it was justifiable to throw upon the general relief nand rather than on the peor-rate, expenses of any description, no could be more properly so thrown than that of cheek tW e progress of pestilence and fever. All the provisions of the bill were of a temporary character, extending from the let of September to the end of the next session of parlia ment. Mr. HUME said a very important prnciple was involved in this bill,—that of throwing the expenses on a general fund. Fever had always prevailed In Ireland at intervals ; but the expenses had hitherto been defrayed out of the local funds. He would suggest that the bill should be postponed. Leave WY then given to bring in the bill. RELIGIOUS WORSHIP IN WORKHOUSES. Mr. .1. O'CONNELL asked whether it was the intention of government to introduce, or moist the introduction of, into the Irish Poor-law Bill, any provision to give additional facilities in the workhouses for religious worship, and also any provision for obviating the recurrence of disputes and int?rferencts on religious matters. Lord J. RUSSELL said that government had no inten tion of introducing any such clauses in the committee on this bill ; but if any hon. member could show that the pre sent provisions for religious worship in workhouses were in sufficient, they might consider whether clauses giving greater facilities should not be introduced in the report on the bill. It ens a subject well deserving of consideration; for it was certainly most desirable that every poorible facility should begio nfor the religions worship of all sects. ADJOURNMENT OP THE HOUSE. Lord J. RUSSELL said he rose to move the adjournment of the house at its rising unto Thursday next. He might state, at the same time, that it was the intention of the Speaker to be in the heueo on Wednesday at a quarter before eleven o'clock, in order to meet these hon. members who might attend Divine worship on the fast day. It wee the intention of the government, should there be any business requiring it, to ask the house to sit on Thursday morning at 12 o'clock ; but they should not do so, unless the business really required it. He might state, at the same time, that it was not the intention of his right hon. friend the Secretary for the Home Department to proceed on that day with the two bills which had gone through committee pro form on Tuesday (the Prisons Bill and the Custody of ()Renders Bill). Lord G. BEYTINCE asked if the noble lord intended to persevere with the Irish Poor Law Bill on Thursday morning ? Lord J. RUSSELL hoped they might be able to get through the committee that night ; tf not, there would pro bably be no objection to sitting en Thursday morning to eomplete the few remaining clauses. THE GENERAL FAST. Mr. M. PHILLIPS askedl the 700,000 persons employed on the public works in Ireland, and earning at the rate of Is. a day, would be required to work on the fastday, and if not, whether they would be considered entitled to their pay for no consideration whatever. . . . . Mr. LABOCCHERE said there had been already a fast- day in Ireland, when the question was considered ; and as it was not *ought right that the men should receive their wages for nothing, or that they should be deprived of them for one day, they had been continued at work, and paid u usual. He concluded that an arrangement of the same kind would now be made. . . . Kr. 11 . PHILLIPS said a very great injustice would be done to the workpeople of this country, if a fast was im posed upon them, and not upon others. He wished to know whether the working classes, by following their ordinary avocations, would be .übjected to any , penalty, or be guilty of any infringement of the statute luw . No answer was given to this question. PROCEEDINGS UNDER THE NEW RELIEF ACT IN IRELAND. Lord 0. BENTlslCkniiiii;TnOening organ of the go vernment, the Timer—(a langh)—had stated that an order had gone forth from the Irish government reetricting the rations under the Relief Act, as follows: Or ration may consist either of hen a pound of tweed, or one pound of biscuit, or one pound of eel or flour, or any o=erzaln, or one quart of soup, thketerd wilts portion of mw, g to any known receipts, and cos queer ration of breed, re Mean, or meet, in addition. Peeler above nine years of sae te have one ration ; under Mos years, a half ration in the day. He wished to know if it was • fact that the rations had been so reduced. Mr. LABOLICHERR said he bad net seen the document referred to. All he knew was, that the question, a very important one, as to the amount of food to be distributed to the people in the way most conducive to health, and so as to go the furthest, had hoes considered most maturely by the hoard at large. They had gone very fully into the subject, and had recommended some variety in the food, so that the soup should not always be of the same description. He knew that the Mak government had been in communi cation with the board of health on the subject, and he had no doubt they hail adopted the course they thought hest. Lord 0. BENTINCK said the right hon. gentleman probably knew whether the amounts stated were correct. Mr. LABOLTCHERE said he was unable to judge. He had not seen the document; these things got into the newspapers before they gut to the Ineh-offiee—(hoar, hear) ;—but when he had seen the order, he should have no objection to give it to the house. THE GENERAL FAST Mr. BRIGHT said he should be the last man to object to any religious observances; but with respect to the fast ordered for the following day, he woe at a loss to know how that could be deemed a proper observance, seeing that the order had no effect upon a very large portion of the people of England—those not worshipping in the Established Church; nor upon the people of Scotland who were not in connexion with the Establi.hed Church; nor in Ireland, aceording to wha' had just been stated. Had the government, without reference to old precedents, drawn up a proclamation, it might hive been done much morn wisely. Instead of doing honour to the Deity, it Ira. , much more in suiting to religon than one would have hoped such a docu ment would have hese. As regarded the people of this country, on the one side it was calculated to engender gross superstition; on the other, to strengthen infidelity. He had conversed with many persons of all religious persuasions, and he had not found anything like a feeling that the aver ment. of the proclamation were proved, or that there was any reasonable ground, frost what we knew of scriptural re tee , to expect oi,.y advantage to this country from a fast ordered by the civil power, and disregarded by nine-tenths of the people. As the proclamation was supposed to be in accordance with the optg as of that house, he could not allow it to piss without etiterint hi. protest against it. believing that it ot.i• a uselevi ceremun) , the remnant of a lay gone by, sod not in accordance with the er.lightened re . igious opinion .4* t he people of this country. Sir G. GREY said he thought the house would not be disposed to aster into a discus-ion on this subject. (Hear, Pear.) MA own firm impression was that the fast which had been ordered was in sceordance with scripture. Mr. 0. P. HOWARD said that, in has opinion, the go vernment had act din conformity with the feeling of a large portion of the pet pie of this country. Several of the Roman Catholic bishops had eo far sanctioned the fast, that they re ugunanded tomorrow as a special day of religious observ ance. 'Hear, hear.) They so fat acceded to the national will as to ne ,,Nmand that a Miserere 003.14 h. said end a jaw (And Ica Ike jos& (Chews.) POOR R T AIEF (IRELAND) BILL. The house drill resolved heed into • committee on this bill. On clause 3 Tieing moved, Sir H. W . BARRON moved en amendment to it whereby a pencil sliould be relieved by the pariah in which he fuel resided for three year-, instead of the electoral division, end providing that, where a parish exceeded 6,000 acres, it may be divided into two sir more division+ ' at the discretion of the poor-law commissiouen • and that the person relieved should be charged on the di vision in which he may have re sided. In moving this amendment the hon. beewnet had for his object the limitation of the sphere of taxation, so as to bring directly on the laadlords the necessity of support ing the poor on their estates by affording them useful em ploymer.t. Thera would be no digieulty in carrying out the plan which he suggeeted—of dividing the parishes in such a manner no not to separate ors portion of one estate from an other. He thought that his proposition would lead to the carrying out of the principle laid down by the noble lord (J. Russell), that they should stimulate the Irish landlords to employ the poor rather than support them in the workhouse, or have them engaged in the public works. Viscount SAN DON said that though he was not prepared to say that the plan suggested by the hon. baronet who had just sat down would be the means of arriving at the object which he had in view, yet he agreed with the principle which he now propounded. He was of opinion that those who were ejected should be supported by the property from which they were ejected. With these feelings he hoped that some consideration would be given to the principle. Mr. LABOUCHERE thought that the hon. gentleman the member for Waterford had carried the principle to too groat an extreme. lie must repeat what he had stated in reply to a motion of a similar nature, brought forward by the hon. gentleman the member for Nor'hampton, namely, that he believed this to be a feudal principle, and directly contrary to the genius of a free country. The member for Waterford proposed to substitute parochial for electoral rating. Noting was more clear than the inconvenience that there would be in taxing parishes for the relief of the poor, and particularly in subdividing them. The principle on white they should act wu, that of dealing with communities, and not with individual properties. The electoral divisions were not at present so large auto prevent lusher& from hold ingsninterest in the welfare of the community. He could on this account object to the motion of the honourable member far Waterford. Mr. Stafford O'Brien, Mr. V. Stuart, Mr. Bellew, and Mr. Shaw, agreed with the principle of the hoe. gentlemen the member for Waterford, but thought that the carrying eh el it would be, under the circumstances, quite impracticable. Sir H. W. BARRON persisted in thinking that his ph ciple could be carried out, and in impressing upon the hese the necessity of giving to the landlords a direct inane' in employing their poor instead of feeding them In the workhouse. After • short conversation, in which Mr. Hamilton, Mr. D. Browne, Mr. Fitzgerald, and Mr. Shaw took pert, the amendment was withdrawn. On clause 10 being read, Mr. M. J. O'CONNELL moved the omission of the words from " that " in line 24 to " shall " in line 31, and insert " all expenses to be henceforth incurred for the relief of dee. titute poor persons in Ireland, whether under the provisions of this act or of the said hereinbefore recited act of the Last and 2nd Vic. e. 56." His object was to place the rating of the poor upon the union at large. The hon. gentleman fur ther explained that his purpose was to rate the inhabitants of sack mice, instead of rating the inhabitants el each electoral ; and proceeded to show the un equal and unjust operation of the present mode of rating. The plan now proposed by the government was an improve ment on the exii.law, bat it did not in far enough. He did not expect to succeed incarrying his proposition, but he considered it so important, and it involved interests of such magnitude, that he should feel it hie duty to divide the com mittee upon it. Mr. BELLEW was understood to emcee the amendment. Sir R. FERGUSSON was opposed to the amendment of the hon. member for Kerry, and =t that the area of rating should be made as small as Col. RAWDON said that the eloshiml kaiak& system of rating pressed with the greatest haft oftteraa and lb* pressure of local taxation in them was theady so great, that if increased, it would become intolerable, end insupentble difficulties would occur in collecting the rate. Sir J. GRAHAM mid that he had given an unwilling and hesitating support to the present poor-law for Ireland when introduced by the noble lord, and was of opinion that no material benefit would be conferred by it without a right to relief, a right of settlement, and • power of removal. The noble lord combated his ot jections, and he now confessed that the noble lord was right, for he was of opinion that greetpubliect c it was. had been derived from only y m l i h d e t mor-law, impe great advantage consist in what had been done, but in what the noble lord abstained from doing, namely, in not introduc ing any law of settlement, or giving any power of removal. (Hear, bear.) Subsequent experience led hint to think that so far from its being expedient to assimilate the law of Ireland to that of England, the time would shortly come when they must review these points with reference to Eng land, and to consider whether it would not be expedient to abolish altogether, or at least greatly to restrict, the law of settlement in connection with the law of removal. (Hear, hear.) With regard to the question raised by the hon. member for Kerry, he admitted that it was but a choice of sonflicting difficulties, be their decision what it would. (Herz. hear.) Under the law as it stood at present, the towns, he admitted, suffered great hardship, but, on the other hand, the rural districts had a prima facie right of complaint, and in the conflict of these rival interests, it was difficult to come to a conclusion. But he had insuperable objections to throwing the whole charge on the unions, as proposed by the hon. member for Kerry. The objections to that plan were ably stated in the letter of Mr. Gulston, dated the 2nd of February, 1843, and in them he (Sir J. Graham) entirely concurred. He was, on the whole, dis posed to support the clause as it stood in the bill, b rat he was not prepared to say that ante of Is. 3d. for the half- year was the precise amount that should be fixed. It was indeed very difficult to say what the amount should be, but the value of the measure very much depended upon it. (Hear, hear.) He saw objections to fixing the amount at all, though they could not avoid it, because they thereby gave an interest in spending the amount in the shortest pos sible time. There was a proposition, the converse of the present one, which contained the principle of thrift, namely, that affixing the amount of the union rate, and letting the sum spent beyond that fall upon the different electoral divi sions. (Hear, hear.) He would not propose such an amend ment, but he saw strong arguments in favour of such an arrangement. (Hear, hear.) Sir G. OREY said that the present clause was an int portant one, and one to which the government gave every consideration. In coming to a conclusion, they bad been guided by what appeared to be the preponderating feeling of the representatives from Ireland, at the same time that they endeavoured to provide for the inequality of which the towns complained. He admitted the difficulty of fixing the amount, but he believed that • rate of 2s. Bd. in the year exceeded the average charge. Mr. F. SHAW said that unless there was something in the nature of a law of settlement, the bill would amount to confiscation. Even if there were a national rate, the whole property of the country would not be sufficient to meet the demands made upon it. Mr. hfACARTHY mid that in the union of Cork then were 14 electoral divisions. The valuation of the whole union was 370.0001. Of that amount 200,000/. belonged to the city of Cork, but in reality that city bore six-sevenths el the entire rating of the anion, in consequence chiefly of tenants being displaced , and aft erwards proceeding to Cork. At the last audit of the Cork Union, it appeared that 50,000 rations had been distributed since the previous Anglin, et which number only 2,000 were chargeable to the electoral division. Sir W. JOLLIFFE supported the view taken by the right hon. member for Dorchester (Sir J. Graham), and called upon Sir G. Grey for his opinion. SRC). GREY said the matter would depend on the amount of the rate. Sir W. JOLLIFFE had known instance, in England of rates being as high as 16e. or 17s. in the pound, and he saw no reason why a similar amount of rate might not be required in Ireland. (Hear, hear.) Mr. CALLAGHAN was in favour of a general system of rating, as opposed to union rating. Mr. S. CRAWFORD supported the clause. Mr. ARCHBOLD said he lived In a district where there being only si x in the house, the sum paid was 300/. a-year. (La ter.) Mr. M. J. 'CONNELL replied, and The committee divided—Against the amendment 120 For R 25-95 On our return to the gallery, Mr. VERNON was urging the desirability of giving, under this clause, some more summary power of levying a rate. In Sklbbereen it appeared that up to December last, whilst 4371. of poor-rates bad been collected, no lees than 1,243/. had been uncollected, and this was a sample of how the system worked in Ireland. On the question that the clause be agreed to, Mr. STAFFORDO'BRIEN, penitent to notioe, proposed that it be omitted. Mr. LABOUCKERE resisted the motion, contending that the government had pursued the wiliest course in adopt ing a compromise between the extreme propositions which had been submitted to them relative to the mode of rating. The avowed object of the hon. gentleman's motion was to have the 'Teem of rating as it was at present, which had prectically proved an el-ctoral district rating in 01l cases, totally irrespective of the towns. (Hear, hear.) Such would also be the result of that system in future, and how, in that cue, were the paupers of towns to be provided fort (Hear.) After a few words against the motion front Mr. 2. O'Corc. HELL and Mr. CALIAItHAN, who said that, under the I present system, the cities of Cork and Kilkenny were ovesrun by the enuotry paupers. Lord SANDON said he could not understand that the contest was one between towns and the country, because it was the interest of the towns to give to the lanillords every porable inducement to improve their estates, and the fall Weigh of their improvements. For that reason he would support the motion. Lord 0. BENTINCK also supported the motion. Me denied that the cities of Cork and Kilkenny were eaten up by the population of the agricultural districts, but rather that those dietricte were the sufferers. Their object was to have is control over the expenditure, and the only means of obtaining that was by supporting the amendment of his hen. friend (Mr. Sta ff ord O'Brien I, and reducing the area of taxation. _ After a few words from Mr. NEWDISOATX in support of the motion, The Earl of LINCOLN also supported the motion, on the ground that this was not ■ question between Irish landlords and the town. of Ireland, and that it was shown by return. which had laid on the table of the house yesterday, that rating by electoral division. woald sot necessarily throw the aneplu pauper population on the towns. He was oon vineed, that as by either plan indivErual eases of hardship would be inflicted, they mutt len!: to the in of the country at large 1 and he wee me that by the adop tion of a union rating, they would supersede every incentive to individual exertion; but if the electoral division rating was adopted, it would eau..e n demand for labour in future. lie should support the motion. He should have preferred that the government had brought forward thin clause in the way of revenue, and then he would have supported it. Lord J. RUSSELL said that both the noble lord end the hon. mealier fee Northamptonshire had argued On the as sumption that the proposal of the government was for a union rating. wherein' it was of a totally different character. The committee then divided—For the clause .... 118 Against it The clause eras then agreed to. The Chairman reported progress, and obtained leave to sit again at 12 o'clock on Thursday neat. The house adjourned at 12 o'clock. THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, MARCH 24, 1847. erpreWs. MAILS. The overland cloned malLs,Zllianeliko, to the Maditarranemi, mit. Aden, Ceylon, lodia, Bog to., will be made up on the coining of the 25th March. The waits for Vige, madeo=Llghtin. Madeira, Clogs, and Gibral tar sillbe made uo is the of the 27th March. The media for New Mon* 7Van ambles land, and New Zealand will be mad up 111111 the hoeing of the slit Muth. The Went India mati, bisbullog then fat Marko, Honduras, and the thivannah, will be or• Sea Manse aur *Me Sad April. The mails for With& Nee* Amato, Derma* and the United Mateo, will beam& wp es the ectelog cif Meld April. Ter owahmilaingsger 011etleor lan% Oweee, the lonian Inland, v,.,/dieo.Cylooisdiallashead China, rue Southampton, will be swig op on the moralagatehe id April. The rah Ihr the Dried* the Rivet Plate, Monte Video, Perham. bash Sada. Igatilre. and Ilasita Ayres, will be mule op on the armlog rw Mk April. TO CORRESPONDENTS. The AdVeitilhig DA[1:11418 ; ;nd EXPRESS', " Wm teen REWIND how 90, FLEET-STREET, to No. 10, 1101:191:11,131-11TRENT, PLEET-NlSEET,sontignous to the Printing and Publishing Moss. Advert sisnoub (Mended for no antra*, Landes evening paper, oust be st W Mier by Two o'ciock a the day d ysibliestion. MOH WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE. Tors DAT —lllandair, 22 We. p 7 ; Afterzoon, 32 ann. pot 7 To-Monson—llornlng, 29 min. peat I ; Afternoon, 12 ans. put 9. LONDON, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 24. THERE is no class so entirely unrepresented in par liament as the tenant-farmers. The yeomanry of England, the rural capitalists of Great Britain, are, if we may judge from the action of parliament, altoge ther without political influence in the state. Their peculiar interests are unheeded, their special difficul ties are unnoticed, their grievances, if they have any, do not even find a voice to state them in the House of Commons. And have they no grievances? Are they living under the constant sense of insecurity P In Eng land , the tenant-fanner, generally holding his farm from year to year, may at any time have a sen tence of confiscation passed against him by his land lord. In order to live andyay his rent, he is obliged ta farm better, that is, to invest more capital in the operations of husbandry, than, as a prudent man, he ' ought to do under a yearly holding, and in conse quence he is always at his landlord's mercy. This ' is the true cause of the utter want of personal and political independence with which Eng lish farmers have been, not unjustly, re proached. Men employing large capitals, active intelligent men of business, are driven to the poll to vote for their landlords' nominee with as little diffi culty as the poorer classes of farmers. Apart from the delusions about the corn-laws, which, until re cently, acted upon the minds of farmers, the real source of landlord political influence is this power of confiscation, which the owners of the soil over their tenants. This has arisen F=l combination of causes, which, to elucidate now, would lead us far from our immediate object, which is to show to the public and the agri cultural community somewhat of the spirit which animates the " farmers' friends," frem the way in which the " Tenant Right" Bill has been dealt with in select committee. Perhaps nothing could more com pletely prove the awkward position in which the tenant-farmers of England, who farm moderately well, find themselves, than the eagerness with which they have joined in demanding from parliament the legal recognition of the tenants' right to be paid for im provements. They know perfectly well that they are seeking, at the hands of a parliament of landlords, concessions which their prejudices, and a narrow view of their own interests, disincline them to make. The tenants trust only to the sympathy with industry which does exist in parliament, though not amongst the " farmers friends," and the operation of public opinion upon the landocracy, for some modicum of justice. How slender is the plank on which they rely let the following notes on the " Tenant Right" bill testify. We remarked on a former occasion that if this bill had been carried in all its integrity, its main per manent effect would have been to induce tenants to continue their ordinary aurae of good farming until the end of their periods of occupation, by giving theta a right to be paid for acts and outlays in 'husbandry, of which the fruits could not be reaped during their own occupations. This would have been a benefit to all parties. It would have kept up the fertility of land to a standard somewhat higher than is at present usaaL But such tenant-rights would havebeen no sub stitutes for leases. It is not the repayment of his mere outlay which can compensate the farmer for the unexpected dispossession of his farm. It is the recovery of his capital with a profit, a process from the nature of the business, the work of several, often many, years, for which the farmer looks, and to which he is entitled. Nothing but a long lease can afford hint that eecurity . of possession which is neces sary for profitable farming. Now the scheme of the Tenant Right bill as origi nally introduced was, that an immediate right wasoon ferred upon the actual occupiers of land to be paid for certain unexhausted and permanent improvements. Buildings, mad-making, and some other of the more costly permanent improvements, were not to be paid for unless the landlord had previously agreed, in writing, to the plan. There was, however, this ex ception that tenants who should erect build ings upon the land without their landlords' consent, might remove such buildings at any time within three months after the determination of their tenancies ; and these points constituted the whole value of the measure. Fine, by conferring upon all tenants an immediate right to be paid for improvements, a check was at once pot upon the capricious and arbitrary exercise of landlord power, inasmuch as the good tenant could not be turned out without payment for improvements which in many cases would amount to considerable rum. Such payment, whether made by the landlord or an in-coming tenant, would operate to the same end, for though the landlord might easily obtains tenant to succeed a good farmer suddenly dis possessed, he would notfind it so easy to meet with a new tenant, who, under such circumstances, would pay a considerable valuation. So the power proposed to be given to the tenant, of removing buildings put up without the landlord's consent, must, in nine cases out of ten, have secured to the tenant some sub stantial payment for such building. When once erected, they would have been paid for. Had these, which may be called the principles of the measure, been allowed to pass into law, the farmers would have obtained some present security for their capital. There would have been a barrier, though not a very strong one, raised against capricious confiscation. From the bill, as amended by the select committee, all this has been carefully excluded. It will be simply inoperative. The tenant right it affords will be the shadow of a shade—a name, and nothing else. , And an omission from the preamble, of the words " " for the better security of farmers," which occurs in the amended bill, marks plainly the spirit of the select committee. Then, by the amended bill " every tenant holding for any term of years rommenting after the passing If the art, and every tenant under any yearly holding on the deter- I. mination of his tenancy , " is to be entitled to receive compensation for outlays incurred "after the passing of the act." These improvements are classed under three heads, namely, "Temporary improvement by the purchase of artificial manure, or the purchase of oil-cake or linseed for cattle or sheep; or in durable improvement, by draining, marling, chalk ing, claying, or otherwise emending the soil ; or permanent improvement, by forming or constructing new fences, water meadows, road ", or suitable build - - hies ;" and the next clause declares that no tenant shall be paid for any durable or permanent improve ments •• unless he shall furnish beforehand to his landlord, a statement, in writing, of the work to be done, and the estimated cost thereof, and unless the landlord shall agree in writing to the e.rerution of suds work." Here, then, tin- select committee of equine have nipped in the bud the dan gerous project of giving to the tenant farmers some security for retaining their own capital. Nor is it necessary to go further into the subsequent alterations of the amended bill, which. are wholly controlled and governed by the clause ae have I just quoted. What is the use of an act of parliament to authorise payment for improvements of which the tenant is to furnish a plan and estimate, and the land lord to agree in writing to their execution, before they are undertaken 2 In truth, this is only a mode of getting rid of the measure by a side-wind, acd no farmer will fail to appreciate, and we trust at the next election remember, this effort by a select com mittee of his high-professing political friends. Iv Colonel SIBTHORP had the management of the world—had the authority to stay the current of the time and the progress of all things—then perhaps, the army might nut be that institution, which would suffer most sr remain most inefficient. The plan of having and encouraging a large, pauper, outcast class, of knocking down the able-bodied, and pressing them on board a ship in one case, making them drunk and tricking them into enlistment in another : all this was very dashing and very ingenious. There was in it both the sublime and beautiful of the mock-heroic, such as novelists both of the past and present gene rations were wont to ask us to admire. These fellows, too, made capital soldiers; and we fear that much of the ideal recklessness and hardi hood of our tars proceeded from this origin, of which their whole character smacked. Our military and naval system was, in fact, one which absorbed the very worst, the outcast of the population, and con verted them into what was most admired and heroic, especially when seen at a distance. The re sult was really very satisfactory ; and, in war-time, , afforded us neither leisure nor occasion for complaint. But peace has made us toe intimate with the de tails of a soldier's life :—the privations, the corruption, the cat-o'-nine-tails, the idle cruelty of the martinet, the unfortunate dare-devil of a soldier, who has to show his frowardness, not against a foe, but in com bating the dull discipline that awes and maims, but which cannot cure or reform him. Moral reformers have accordingly set to work with the army and navy. Grog has been exploded, for coffee : INCLEDON'S songs, for Sunday tracts. The schoolmaster has been forced into the barrack, and the wielder of the lash pelted out of it. Regimental service is no longer a career for the dare-devil recruit. He is taken too good care of : he lives too long. In stead of forgetting the lash, except in what is news , airy to escape it, be finds the public outside the bar rack-walls sympathising with him • and the many 'tongued press takes his part. He bec omes an object of interest. In such a state of things, farewell disci- Ono ; good-bye submission. The dare-devils will no longer do for the army, nor any discipline suffice for them. It is not, therefore, Earl GREY, or Mr. Fox MAIILE, who have come to make innovskons in our military system. But the whole s c r a ti e t d and habits of thought of civil society being , military society obliged to conform itself to age. The public will not tolerate the old military rigine, which was the recruital of its scape-graces. Although perhaps it was the most economical mode. But it seems that we must have recourse to a more expensive and more decorous one. Government is enjoined to employ better mate rials ;to take the respectable farmer boy to be a sol dier, instead of his runaway comrade, and at the same time to treat him better. _ _ . There is, however, one great defect both in the de sires of the public, and the intentions of the govern ment. In order to effect the change proposed, it would be necessary tope the soldier better. But no --economy forbids this. We are to go to all kinds of collateral expenses ; teaching, retiring pensions, shortened term of enlistment ; whereas, the simplest, and truest, and only way of effectually, and at once, enticing a more respectable class to enter the navy and army, vie., giving them a salary more propor tionate to the level of the young and active labourer's wages :—this is sot attempted. And without this, we predict, all attempts to raise the class which enlist in either service will fail. The shortening of the time of enlistment is, in peace, a reform inevitable, to be preserved indeed in war, but to be counteracted by inducements to re enlist, such as Sir DE LACY EVANS tells us invariably act in India. At the same time, we must bear in mind that what is now attempted is a kind of middle course between two very opposite systems, which cannot attain all of the advantages of either. One system is that which we have described, the making soldiers of the outcasts of the population, officering them with some of the gentry and aristocracy, and leaving the existing gulf between the soldier and the officer. This is a system which has worked well, bat which, in the progressive state of our society, will never work so well again : and we are wisely getting out of it. But at the mane time we cannot go the length of the opposite system, and make the army a profession in which he who enters the lowest grade has every fair chance of attaining the highest. This one incentive, expressed in the proverb, that every French conscript carries the Woo of a marshal in his knapsack, is alone an incentive sufficient to prompt the military-spirited of all or any class to enlist. Our soci l system and ideas nowise admit' of this, and we must remain, as at present, between' the two, and much nearer the old English than the modern French system. If the two systems differ diametrically in the com position and discipline, as well as in the spring and impulse which govern the soldier, they are no less different in their provision for actual war. Our own old system of enlisting all the dare-devils of the country, would, one should think, be beet for offensive war; the French system, of enrolling citizens by lot, the best for defence. Yet our armies have been most suc cessful on the defensive ; the French most:successfid on the offensive. Fortunately, we have never had experience of these wars in which the defensive system is the most vital, viz., those carried on in our own territory. There, the French and Prussian systems have the immense advantage of making every man a soldier, every vil lage a corps, and endowing every third or fourth respectable farmer with the qualities and the science of an officer. Let oar period of enlistment be as short as wepleaae—our system of retired service and pension as complete as passible—we shall never reach the per fection of the Prussian or the French defensive force. Drilling we detest; playing at soldiers we contemn ; and nothing but the presence of an enemy will ever make the dower of the English nation submit to the requisite training for military defence. Ours, there fore, can be, at best, but a mongrel and imperfect system, as far as the soldier, the personnel, is con cerned. This should, therefore, induce us to spare neither effort nor expense in the erection of the necessary bulwarks and fortifications, which might enable us to hold at bay an invading enemy for a time, until our population became trained to the sacred duty of never allowing an enemy to rest on British ground, till he reposed in death. The operation of Russia on the French funds still engrossed the attention of all parties in Paris on Monday. It is well understood that the proceeding has not been, strictly speaking, en act of the Russian cabinet, nor are the funds to come from the Russian treasury. Whatever may be its tendencies or conse quences in a political, financial, or commercial sense, it is technically a purchase effected by the Emperor Nicholas in his personal character, and by means of his personal funds from the company of the Bank of France. It is true that it has been somewhat ostenta tiously invested with diplomatic and political forms, inasmuch as the proposition to the Bank was ordered to be made through the intervention of the French Minister of Foreign Affairs. Nothing would have been more easy than to have realised the transaction through the mere intervention of bankers. A discussion has arisen as to the real initiative of the proceeding. Ostensibly, it was first proposed by the Emperor on his own mere motion, the motive assigned being a desire to assist the Bank of France in a difficult financial emergency. It has, however, been asserted in more than one quarter that the pro position in reality origiaated in Paris, and, according to some, from a high personage there. This, however. has been authoritatively dented by LI Presse, the 'organ of Russia in Paris ; but of the secret history of this transaction it is evident that a general ignorance prevails. Some well-informed persons pretend that it is M. d'Argout, who showed himself puectilions on the terms to be employed, having received instructions to that effect from a high quarter. The Emperor, in fact, whilst he expressed such kindly feelings for France, and for the Bank, did not say one word about the court. It seemed as if he only sought the grati tude of the cemmerce of France and the nation. Wounded pride is said to have been the result; and, instead of regarding this step of Russia as a proof of goodwill, an intention has been hinted at, on the part of the Emperor, to draw a line of distinction be tween the court and the nation. Thus, displeasure, instead of gratitude, is felt towards the Emperor for the step he has taken. It has been announced in the German journals that M. Gnizot is to make a visit in May to the waters of Homburg, for repose after the toils of the acasios. The same epoch, it appears, has been seleoted by Prince Metternich for a visit to his chateau at Johan nisberg, in the same neighbourhood. La Presse, between which and the Dads, though both ministerial, there is now open war, gave on Monday an elaborate article on the question of inter national alliances. According to this journal, France has to choose between four situations— first, an alliance with England, which, according to that journal, can only be maintained by constant humiliation and the entire sacrifice of the national interests; secondly, an alliance with the secondary states, which in the best view of it, would place Prance as a secondary European power, secondary in its maritime rank to England, and in its continental rank to Russia; thirdly, iso lation, which would in fact be an armed peace, and ultimately lead to decadence ; fourthly, an alliance with Russia, which, according to La Presse, would be attended with every conceivable national advantage, placing France in the very first rank of European powers, both as a maritime and a conti nental state, and leading, even according to La Trestle, to the reconstitution of Polish nationality. The popular agitation in the provinces, arising from the dearness of provisions, beoomea more and more extended. Every , part of the country has in turn become the victim of the fatal improvidence of the government. The flattering representation given by the minister of commerce and agriculture last autumn, the couleur de rose which that functionary, in his now notorious circular, threw over the situation, has been attended with effects fatal to the well-being of the people. Commerce, prompted by those instincts which impending emergencies seldom fail to awaken, had a foreboding of the coming evil. Large mercantile concerns did actually put themselves then in communication with the Cabinet, to which they imparted their convictions of the deficiency of the harvest, the approaching scarcity, and of the expe diency of providing for the emergency by timely orders for foreign supplies, which they expressed their willingness to undertake on their own account. To this the minister replied by the most confident assurances of the groundlessness of their apprehen sions, the sufficiency of the harvest, and the inutility and inexpediency of ordering foreign supplies. Commerce was thus lulled into a slumber of inac tivity. The winter came on, the Baltic, the Black Sea, and the American rivers were closed, and the population of France left exposed to all the horrors of a scarcity of that article which constitutes nearly their whole subsistence. The mails from all quar ters bring daily reports of the violences to which the people are impelled by want. Waggons of grain are arrested on the roads, boats are stopped on the canals, and their contents either pillaged or compulsorily sold at prices named by their buyers. Hunger and ignorance preclude the reflection that such proceedings must aggravate the evil. Advises were received in Paris that Lord Palmer ston had again urged the cabinets of Vienna and St. Petersburg to make a formal declaration reapeeting the marriage of the Duke and Duchess of Montpen sier, and that it was probable that the cabinet of Vienna would speedily comply with this request, and that Russia would adhere to it. Rumours were current at Madrid on the 17th that M. Pacheco had been consulted by the Queen on the state of affairs. According to one rumour, that deputy was engaged in forming a cabinet, the members of which were mentioned by name as follows : President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mar quis de Miratiores ; Minister of Justice, M. Pacheco ; Minister of the Interior, M. Arra:tale ; Minister of Finance, Manuel Bettrsm de Lye ; Minister of Public Instruction, M. Reynoso or M. Salamanca ; War, Jose de la Concha; Marine, General Roe de Olen°. It was observedthat M. Pacheco did not attend the Chambers. General Serrano wu still in Madrid, but it was said, incognito, although, according to another statement, he had presented himself at the palace in full uniform, seeking an audience of the Queen. The government had taken no steps against him. Several new senators had been named. On the 12th all was tranquil at Pampeluna ; the Captain-General had made a tour of the provinces. The Basque pro vinces were also quiet. The ministry had demanded of congress a vote of general confidence, which it obtained. Advioes from Bucharest, of the 23th ult., bring intelligence of the highest interest. It appears that the general assembly of Walachia had adopted, on the 23d, a project of law of the highest importance, in virtue of which 14,000 families, and 60,000 Bohemian slaves belonging to the state, to the clergy, and to all the public establishments, have been emancipated. This magnificent act of philanthropy is ascribed to Prince Bibesoo, the hospodar of Walachia, who took the initiative, and to the general provincial assembly, by which the measure was unanimously voted. After ' a debate, in which the most noble sentiments were expressed in favour of the emancipation of the lower classes, the heads of the church, notwithstanding the opposition which the law encountered on the part of the clergy , addressed an eloquent discourse to the as sembled boyards, to induce them to follow his example. The only remains of slavery now in Walachia are aboat 48,000 individuals, who are private property. The hospodar, Prince Bibesco, the day following these proceedings, gave his formal !sanction to the project of law, and addressed a rescript to the General Assembly, expressing his satisfaction at the result. He thanled also the head of the church and the members of the assembly for having passed a law which, as he said, the spirit of the age and the pro- gress of civilization had so long demanded. "This day," concluded the Prince, " will constitute an epoch in the annals of Walachia." ROME, M►Rcot 13. For the last few days rumours of all kinds have been afloat respecting a serious misunderstanding be tween the Austrian ambassador and our government. It appears that positively the envoy of Austria has gone as far as to demand his passports, which the Pope has ordered to be placed at his disposal at his earliest convenience. Much joy is expressed in every circle of society at this rupture, and an incubus seems to have been taken off the whole social body. It is added that the recent conspiracy at Ancona had something to do with the affair, and also that a formal demand had been made by our government to the effect that the foreign garrison which now oc cupies Ferrara should be forthwith withdrawn, no necessity existing for its continuance ; but, quite the contrary, a regular quarrel is inevitable, and the sooner matters come to a crisis the better. We have nothing . of a more striking character to report. Our sovereqn has brought back the days of the great and good Haroon el Reschid, and goes about incognito investigating abuses and relieving distress. A paragraph in the Roman Adrertiser gives an account of a visit p 'd to the " Ragged Schools" of Rome, originally founded by some pious laymen, and which the clergy have sines taken in hand. Would that all the unoccupied friars of Rome (amounting to 800) had the grace to employ their leisure in imparting instruction to the ignorant multitudes of children by whom they are surrounded. . There was found yesterday (what is an exceedingly rare occurrence here) the dead body of a drunkea vagabond in the classic basin of the Fontana Treri, which is the water used by the select classes of Roman citizens. Much horror is felt by delicate persons at the unheard-of circumstance. Possibly it may have been a victim of revenge or jealousy, but as we have no Witkley here to coronise the corpse, the mystery must remain unrevealed. Not a little disgust has been felt in ecclesiastical I circles on receipt of the last lenten pastoral of Dr. WHale,dated Feb. hi, contraated, as it neceasari:v is. with the mild and considerate tone of similar official documents here. It appears that be inveighs amid Irish famine against the " soup establishments with which this country is about to be inun dated •" talks about " breaking down the fences of discipline!" and sapiently adds that this soup, without affording sufficient nutriment, has just as much of the juice of meat as would tlll the poor with axwottsx!" An Indian fakir on the banks of the Ganges might be supposed to howl forth such ravings, not a Christian teacher. Lag year, it is I well remembered here, that the same individual ascribed, in his lenten address, the potato rot to the bill for endowing provincial academies for the middk classes. A new journal has appealed this week, dedicated to medical science ; it is called, somewhat quaintly, L'Esculapio del Terere. I see you have copied from the Presse an account of Don Miguel's escape, aid e d by an EnylisA Colonel B ••• ! There has been no English colonel here to answer that indefinite d e . scription. Colonel Banbury is innocent of the soft impeachment, and the French, apparently, mut needs have John Bull's finger in every dirty pie. Oar English steamer, the Peninsular Company, Tiger, was ran foul of the other dey on the Tw at coast by one of the French government ships. N o person injured however. ALEPPO, Fan. 8, 181.7 After riding for 29 days upon a jaded variety of Tartan' hacks from Bagdad I am enabled to affix th e above date in a neat cell of the Franciscan convent pr eee Mosul I weed through Djezireh, Diarbekir, and Orfa. N e e much newt stirring, anywhere. Bederhan Bev was at W e made at Derghileh some five hours from Djezireh. M e received a message from him inviting us to his retreat ; het conceiving that the acceptance of his hospitality would be by him perhapeconetrued into countenancing his crimes. we re. strained our curiosity to see the lion in hie den and passed on. The border villages of his dominions seemed not in a very safe state for travallem The inhabitants openly proclaimed that they were in rebellion against the padishah ; and seemed longing to begin a little work in the shape of plunder. At Babel, our first stage from Djezireh, the were importunate, uncivil, and saucy ; and seemed diepoeed to get up a row for the purpose of rifting our baggage, which they regarded with most wolfish eyes. Halfway' between Niatbin and Merdin we visited the ruined city of Dora, which lies in a hollow of the hills and reminds one, with its mauve masonry, of the Coliseum, and the noblest ruins of imperial Rome. At Nisibin we found 300 Arnaouts, stationed there to i n , tereept such fugitive Kurd, as were abandoning the alleges and tents of the plain to join Bederban Bey. At some boats from this place we fell in with a party of 12 K urds, well• armed and mounted, who were transferring their property and allegiance in this way. We were fortunately accomm o nied by a guard of Arnaouts, the chief of whom instantly rode up to the Kurd horsemen, according to his own lament, to question them as to their movements. They pointed to their black tents upon the slope of the hills, sad the Amino, with a fierce sati sfac tion in his hungry features, and griming' like an animal of prey, informed us that to-morrow heehoula set upon those fellows and plunder them. Such is the pollee of Asia. Presently alter we passed a beep of fresh earth by the road-side, which the same Arnaout told us was the grave of an Arab who had been shot two days before in a skirmish with him and hie men, and, pointing at a dog that was ' kicking up the loose soil with his heels, he bunt into a hoarse savage laugh. Between Hardin and Diarbekir the weather WY extremely severe. The thermometer sank to 12 deg. Fehr., a temperature that we had to endure more or less till we reached the Euphrates, where a sudden summery change seemed to fall at trace upon the clime. The snow which had laid deep upon the stony ground, effacing the narrow track, and detaining the Tartar who brought the poet from Aleppo, , suddenly vanished; and the transition from Mesopotamia into Syria seemed like crossing over from one 'neon into another. As we came from regions infected with the chokes we were not permitted to enter at the gate of Diarbekir till a pot of embers, smoking with unsavoury irprinklinge of some mysterious substance, had been swung towards our stirrups by a Nina soldier. By his awkward smile he messed ashamed of his funagatory function, and excused an open:ties which he appeared to think highly absurd, by its being the order of the pad shah. At the horse of the good old Chat. dean merchant, Hodjah Bsdixish, upon whom hospitality as were again quartered, we met two medical commusionen sent 1 by the Porte to distribute medicines in places visited by the cholera. One of these practitioners was a Pole, and the other a young Turk, who had just passed his examination, and ob. tanned his diploma at the medicel school of Oalatfreera. I They had travelled upon their mission, which, to be of the least use, required the greatest dispatch, at a snail-pan, in company with a caravan from Samsoun. This delay, added to their detention at Samsoun, during fifteen days, in eons*. 1 quence of having left the medicine-cheat behind at Constan. ' (ample made the medical commissioners take nearly two month; to reach Diarbekir. We told them, to their great surprise, that no case of cholera had occurred at Bagdad for two months, nor at Mosul for nearly the same time, and that we had not found it anywhere else. This intimation they seemed to receive with much satisfaction . as they admitted that all their medicines were confined to the contents of a small chest, and that they were in a much better conditica to make a report upon the subject than to deal with the disease itself. We were pleased at having reassured the apprehensive minds of the commissioners with regard to the nature of the task they had before them, and wished them good speed upon their way. Seriously, this diverting ce melancholy little commission is • very fair sample of the Porte's improved administration, and of the scale and style in which it apes the features of European government.. Between Diarbekir and Orfa we saw, as we rode along the be-snowed foot of the Taurus, nothing in the shape of h ulnae t. creatures and habitations b ut those wild shepherds, the Yenrachs, and a few Kurdish villages. The Yeuruchs live in tents like the Turkmaas and Kurds, but 'peek • language of their own, and seem to form a race distinct from either. At the villages there iavariably took place a squabble be tween our guards and the villagers, who complained meetly of the vexatious burden of having to feed and lodge them. But they seemed not in the least afraid to speak nut their minds, and nearly always refused to receive the guards till we had paid foe lodging and food for them and their horses. I saw instances in which the villagers re fused to tall barley for the hones, when the guards' brought money in their hands. In other wee, they doled out the provender in such a niggardly style, that the guard. exasperated at expending more than his age daily pay to procure a few handfuls of barley for his lone, burst out in torrents of abuse. This, in one case, was an swered by a blow on the part of the villager, and we had ne email difficulty in appeasing the tumult which arose out of this quarrel. No doubt this is a great improvement upon the Jellies:try system under which the people lay at the mercy of a recklem soldiery, and were plundered by them at pleasure. But the fact is, that under the present system the villages are ruined, and the irregular cavalry that conatitota the road police are starved. The villages are ruined partly by the usury of the land proprietors, and partly by the es- actions of the government. The ayan or landlord leads, at seed time, to the cultivator, to be repaid the double of his loan at harvest. This is clearing cent. per cent. is three or four months. Tuxes eat up the re mainder of the husbandman's substance. Thus the villagers may be said to be ruined yearly, and yeerij set up again to work for the profit of the ann. The vil lagers remain for life his slaves and debtors—a (codifies little better than that of serfs, who are at least well fed. Now, the djebe:li, haiteh, or hone-policeman, who is not to pe be n loo sab k r i e upo and n " sen a ' things, has an allowance of 40 piastres a month, less than 3 d. i m . ere ble leee pt h rso o n r in in cu th bos e , p b . ut u nt a s s te. indie. of a day ; that is, to keep himself and horse. He underlies& from his employers that he is to get himself and hie hone fed and lodged gratis by the villagers. But this is a sent understanding which no one dares to enforce with absolute violence. The villagers resist the imposition because it I not accompanied, as it ought to be. by an exemption from other burdens. They resist also from pure exhaustios. Finding their resistance ropected, they grow more resolute in opposition, and now at least they ba ns it all their own way ; while the repulsed irregulars, nonmed . apart with their hones bridles under their arms vent thew . hungry ill humour to the winds, and curse equally the is hospitable villagers and the delusive pasha. Thus a body of men whom Ibrahim l'asha, during his occupation d Syria, fouad among the most effective of his troops , titularly in protecting the Desert frontier against Bedouins, has become worse than useless, being much mote i r . 1 imire presentri or villagers. to turn robbers themselves than to pro- Left eithear BELGIUNI.—NAmux.-111:RDER IN A CM11301:-. An event of a very melancholy nature is just rasa. grossing subject of conversation en the salons. Os day night, the young Count de Liederkeke, the reprolthlellith of one of the noblest families of this country, enteral' chapel, contiguous to his chateau, in the neighboodossllS Namur, and, without any notice, fired at his two lithe, who were engaged in their devotions. The eldest sister mg dead on the Tot. The count then fired twice at the RIP visor, and the second time wounded her mortally. The miserable perpetrator of this double deed then hurried sways vowing vengeance against other members of his family. It is feared that he has destroyed himself, as he has not yet bees found, and as his dog returned late at night to the chateau without him. The bodies of the young countess' were conveyed by the peasants to the chateau. It isolated that the count was subject to tits of insanity, which had be come more violent since the recent death of his parrots. AUSTRIA. THE PEASANTS OF GALICIA. MORTAL PRAANCIL—A letter from Lemberg, in a Gerona paper, says .—As in Cracow and Posen, so here du, tbe anniversary of the revolution boa been commemorated hi offering up mason for those who fell during the disturbansts The police have prudently abstained from interference with these ceremonies, rightly supposing that they would plume , harmlessly if not interrupted. THE LEVANT.—Advises from the Levant were received in Paris late on Sunday afternoon, with „thawed , and letters from Corfu to the tad, Constantinople to the Mb and Athens to the 10th. The Corfu Gazette, of the 2nd, contains the speech of the Lord High Commissioner of the lonian Isles on the opening of the state', with the reldl of the assembly. These documents, however, are merely of local interest. The journals and letterset= Connantinople and Athens refer to the continued difference to.tWt`ell f rovernroeute of Greece and Turkey. The latter insists ea a proper reparation and apology being made to M. Mosearas, for the offence committed against him. It is required that on his return to Athens, M. Weed obeli parsossnl offer .:m this reparation in the name of the court ft..l iuhiaet. A. month is a:lowed br :he to the Orr- k Cabinet to reply to this, after which, if the re gatemen', of the Porte are not conceded, ell diplomatic re. (idiom besween the stases will be suspends .1. At the departure if :he mail the Greek fen vroment still maicifeeted an oloitinata refusal. sad there appears no likelihood of sal change of ,ietennination Letters from Constantinople speak of the immense commensal movement produced thou by the unesvmpls.el exportation of grain. Exchanges have risen to s pout not veneered for ten years, those is Hot land nod FrAire being at par. Every arrival from Loaded and Paris brought considerable remittances in specie. TV last French steamer brought a million in silver. It wth calculated that the agricultural industry o f Turkey hed already received from Europe considerably above three tail`