The Express. — London, England, 1848-07-13 00:00:00

tituents ? ("Hear," and a laugh.) What evidence we. there to show that the metropolis was w roe than any other part of the country ? But there wee this in London: there the workieg man had to toil six days in the week loom six in the morning till late at night, and had no time to purchase the articles of necessity required by himeelf and family till the Sunday morning. It was not by act of parliament, but by example, that order, decency, and morality were to be en forced in reference to the observance of the sabbath. (Hear, hear.) If any remedy were necessary, let it be general, and in that case it was the duty of g ovesnment to take up the matter. He shou ld oppose the bill- Sir G. GREY observed that a careful couideratfon of the bill had only tended to convince hint of the difficilltreif not impossibility, of carrying out the bon. gentleman's (deject by legislation. The observanee of the sabbath would, in his oith(on, be better promoted by the growing moral and reli es feeling of the people than by any legislative interference. e entirely concurred in the necessity of setting apart one day of the week as a day of repose; and he would promote as far as in his power the due observence of the sabbath as a day of rest and repose for all classes of the people ; but the ban. gentleman's bill did not profess to have that object, but was altogether directed against Sunday trading, and to many of the details of it he (Sir G. Grey) had consideration greeted objec tion, although unwilling to oppose it in of the report of the committee. But, looking to the difaculties with which the qeestion was surrounded, and to the repeated failures of attempt at it ti me hear)---he must say that he thoueht the ir time might be better spent than in adding to those attempts by going on with this bill—(hear, hear) —and his earnest advice to th n. member was not to prow it in the present session. ( L o ud cries of " hear.") Sir E. BUXTON cordially supported the bill. and justified himself in doing so by referring to Spitaltields and other neighbourhoods, where, he said, Sunday trading was carried on to a most scandalous extent . Last Sunday there were in the New-cut. Lambeth, 216 shops out of 386 open, and a still larger proportion open in the New-walk. Mr. C. BERKELEY quoted the evidence of the commit tee to show that the brewery of Ilanbury, Buxton, and Co.,' in Spitalfields, was constantly at work on Sundaes (Laughta.) Indeed, he believed it was the common practice of such mitablishmente to be at work on that day. He must, therefore, denounce this measure, which overlooked those and other like establishments, altogether as a piece of class legislation. (Hear, hear.) Sir E BUXTON, in explanation, said that no work we. carried on in the establishment with which he was connected in Spitalfielde that was not absolutely necess f ary. (I 3 r OO men onical cheers and laughter.) Very few, indeed, o the employed in it were required to remain on Su He nd, and the w o r k done by those few was indispensable. (ar, ay hear.) Mr. BROTHERTON said he had had no hand in pre paring this bill, aehough his name was on the back of it. He, however, fully concurred in the principle of it, and maintained that ni class in the community were so deeply interested in the suppression of Sun lay trading, which he regretted to say had increased to an enormous extent in He was this metr opolii, as the working classes. (Hear, hear.) not of opinion, with some hon. members, that there was no difference between right and wrong. He felt, on the con trary, that Sunday trading was like a n opening in the foun dation of a building which threatened the edifice with destruction, or a drop of water in the bank, likely to lead eventually to an inundation. (Cheers.) Admit Sunday trading and they bras e down the barrier of religion, and threatened destruction to the social edifice. Chen would step in the politital economist, and insist upon the working classes being occupied seven dap a week, instead of setting spar: one for repose and religious duty. (Cheers from the conservative ride of the house.) Mr. SPOONEK supported the bill, fully concurring in all that had just fallen from the hen. member for Salford. But for the better scouring the eventual success of the mea sure he now advised its withdrawaL Lord D. STUART asked the hon. member for Ashton, if be would not withdraw the bill, whether he would censent to go into committee pro forma, and postpone the discussion of the details to a future day Mr. !LINDLEY had no objection to that course, but the house would not unction it; and called far a division. Mr. el teNTZ declared his determination to vote against this or any other measure that did not begin with the better instead of the working closes. (Hear, hear.) The house divided—For going into committee 75 Against it d Mr. lIINDLEY said dist he woul only s ak the house to go into committee pro forma now, in ordes to have the bill reprinted. Mr. V. SMITH thought it absurd to go into committee on a bill which it would be impossible to pass this session. Mr. E. ELLICE was of the name opinion. Sir G. GREY hoped there would be no further time lost ; but, as the hon. gentlemen bad thought right to divide the house, they would allow the bill to be committed pro fusser, as it was evident the hon. gentleman would then withdraw it for the station. After a short conversation, in which r. B. W SLANEY, Mr. Foneee, and Mr. FE M EWEN took part, ALL, Mr. Mr. HINDLEY consented to take the committee pro forma, and aatd he would st ate on Monday whether or not he would proceed with the bill this session. He had wider taken the bill at the request of other parties, and must con sult them before he abandoned it. The bill then went into committee pro f o rma, and the house having resumed the chairman reported progress and asked leave to sit again to-morrow (this day). Mr. C. BERKELEY moved an amendment that the committee sit again on that day six months. Mr. V. SMITH support , d the amendment, and called open the hon. member fcr Ashton in the name of commonpossible chance of passing in the present session. Mr. GLADSTONE hoped the amendment would not be pressed, but that the hon. member for Ashton might be per mitted to introduce his amendments in committee to-morrow, and reprint the bill. After a few words from Mr. IlrenLev &Petite. B. WALL th ittee e amendment was wehdrawn, and leave given to the com m a gain on Friday next. QUALIFICATION OF MEMBERS BILL. Mr. MOFFATT, in moving the second reading of this bill, said its object was to remove one of the few remaining privi leges which belonged to members of this house. One of the standing orders secured to members freedom from arrest, and it WAS patent and notorious that in many instances that pri vilege had been abused. This bill would not be operative against those bon. members who complied with the rules and regulations of the standing orders, and i with the act of parliament enforcing those orders in respect to qualification. By this bill he merely Bought—without any inquisitorial prying into the private attain of members — to put insolvents in the same position as that which excluded bankrupts from holding and retaining scats in that house. The bill had no reference to simple contract debts, but to judgments obtained in the superior courts, which showed that the party was really and truly indebted. In that to d case the bill empowered th e creditor to petition the house e clare the member who was unable or unwilling to discharge the debt disqualified from sitting. If the member s i peti tioned against denied the alleganons of the petition, the bill then provided that the petition should be referred to a com mittee, to decide whether any sufficient cause for the non payment of the debt could be proved, and on that decision, made by report to the house, the member would either be dis qualified or retain his seat. In case the creditor petitioning failed in making out his case the committee would be em powend to mulct him in the costs of the proceedings. It was notorious that many men had ootained seats in parliament in order to evade the paymeet of their debts, gni to preserve by fictitious hills oh sale their property, and hence the house was regarded by the public as a refuge for those who would not or could not discharge their liabilities. This bill sought to get rid of this taint upon the character of the house, and he hope t the house would not seek to retain a privilege against which so many petitions had been presented, and amongst them one from the Coreoration of the City of Lon don, presented the other day by the sheriffs at the bar. It bad been suggested to him that the bill was imperfect, be cause it did not deal with the privileges of the members of the House of Peers; but he gave great weight to what had fallen from the right hon. baronet the member for Tamworth, in 1831 ; when speaking upon a similar measure to the present, introduced by the late Lord Ashburton, then Mr. A. Baring, the right hon. baronet said that he had looked carefully through all the cues 'f privilege, and had found that in every case where the Commons had conceded their privileges, the con cession had been immeeietely imitated and adopted by the House of Peers. So he belie, [1 it would be if he succeeded in passing this bill, whie'l he moved should now be read a second time. Mr. NEW DEG ATE said it seemed to him that this bill was a very solvent measure, but a very stringent dose. He objected to the machinery of the bill, which let the com mittee to whom such a petition as that suggested might be r eferred no option ; aid there being no appeal, it would expose every member against whom a judgment, however small, had been obtened, to the captious objections perhaps of political opponents, by whose movements se might bu de clared to be disqualified from sitting. He further objected decide committee being constituted a judicial tribunal, to questions of law for which they were not qualified or competent, anal he trusted the house would not, at this period of the session, waste its time in the discussion of the abstract principles of a crude proposal which it would be im possible to carry_ out. Sir G. GREY said he had carefully perused the bill, and had submitted it to a legal gentleman, who had the gravest objections, in which he (Sir G. Grey) concurred, to the machinery which this bill proposed to set in motion. (Hear, hear.) lie, however, should regret that the house should pronounce a decision against the principle of the measure, and looking at the period of the session he advised the hon. nnmber (Mr. Moffatt) to withdraw it, and not to press its second reading. (Hear.) Mr. HUME thought the house ought at once to affirm the principle of the bill, and leave its details to future consider ation. Sir W. IIEATHCOTE raid that while he was of opinion that the house ought to endeavour to put an end to the re proach which the existence of the privilege in question had entailed upon the character of the house, he thought it was due to that character that the principle of the measure should at once be recognised. After a few observations from Mr. F. MACKENZIE, Mr. FORCES, Mr. BEILNAL, and Mr. EWAILT, Mr. MOFFATT said he had done his ding in submitting the measure to the consideration of the house, but, after what had been stated from both sides, he ecould withdraw the bill, giving notice that early next session he would re introduce it in a.n amended form. (Hear, hear.) The motion for the second reading was then by leave withdrawn, and the order of the day discharged. TITHE, RENT CHARGE, &c. (IRELAND) BILL. Mr. G. A. HAMILTON obtained leave to withdraw this bill, which stood for a second reading, and to introduce an amended bill. PLACES OF WORSHIP SITES (SCOTLAND) BILL. Mr. BOUVERIE moved the house to agree to the report on this bill, bat mr , ........ 1 -----•ww.... --- Mr. F. MACKENZIE **MI le Mess& with it at that hour, sad moved that the debate be eitsarned. Mr. F. WAVLE said tht aserare had already been fully discussed, and that to adieu= MO Agitate would, in fact, be to defeat the bill for the ptesia essisa. Sir J. GRAHAM said that he knew mmay_lon. member' were anxious to discuss the principle of the bit, but bad le ' the house, under the impression that stasaiss eo low on the paper, it would not come ou to-day. The disussion would not occupy more than an hour, and it might be taken some even ing after 12 o'clock, after the government business had been gone through: Mr. BOUVERIB (after a desultory eonversation) seated to postpone his motion and let the report on the bill stand as an order of the day for Friday next. ADM INISTRATION OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE BILL. The house having resolved itself i n to committee on this bill (Mr. Bernal, in the chair), clauses 1 to 3 inclusive were agreed to. On the motion of Mr. BAINES clause 4 wu struck out of the bill, and the following class substituted in its stead. whores a o f al paths trposstly takes glees in criminal And trkla by rows of ',Asses bawls orkimP Produred la widow aid the mita or esseigiatikthersef Skin SOWS sr lokirms deft sod Us sow snot nos= rad at the Idel, swept lo Ness ef skarwassr; kw Owed be k wrarked. Mat it WWI owl am be Weal kr Ng gond el Gym mad wombs Ned ge nsel mielMeery,ll sieves dal no At so le de, bz are the ladielorwiter Inkeselloa kr ray elms teksinow, ohs way the or urban* OM mos Sass any wsksela writtog at In Witl=alett=mawi Ms m ssiling kr& thereat in the whence the WS is pinking, to be thrthwllitawmael ha sue sorkelder cv outlooks by sae calker at the art, masker ameliameerhoent the trial shall premed In th e ars nismar In allzpoyth with regartl to the liability of w soma to be bighted for and otherwise, as if no such rariaaoe or misses had The remaining istwes were agreed to, and the house re sumed ; the report to be received on Friday. ECCLESIAS TICAL JURISDICTION I N ENGLAND. Sir O. GREY moved for leave to brine in a bill to con tinue certain temporary provisions Concerniug eccleaiutirni jurisoiction in England.—Afreed to.—The bill was after wards brought in and read a brat time. The house adjourned at 10 minutes after 5 o'clock. ELECTION COIsIMITrEE.—YESTERDAY. DUBLIN. —Scrutiny opened as regarded grand jury ems. Two votes were questioned, on the ground, of non payment, but after a lengthened investigation, were retained ups the poll. Vie erpreo. The malls for British North America, and the tinted States , will be made up on the evening of the 14th July. The West India Matt', excluding Bermuda, Haman, Havanna, llonduras, New Cfriesna, Vera Cruz, Tampion, and Por to Nina, and including those for C o as Cartnagen Banta Martha, Moire% Panama, West Coast of South America, and St. Juan-de. Nicaragua, mil be made np on the evening of the 17th July. The mails for Vigo, Oporto, Lleboa, Madeira, Cadiz, and Gibraltar will be made up on the morning of the 17th July. The overland mails for Gibraltar, Malta, Greece, the lonian Wanda, Egypt, Aden, Ceylon, India, Hong-Kong, and China, r o c Southamp ton. will be made upon the morning of the 20th July. The overland eland mails, rein BIIIMiIICIN to the Mediterranean, Egypt, Aden, Ceylon, India, Mang-Kong, &a, will be made up on the evening of the 24th July. I Rho mails for New South Wales, Van Diemsues Land, awl New Zealand will be made up on the evening of the 3lsl July. The mails for the West Coast of Africa and Madeira will be made np on the evening of the 3101 July. The mails for the Brazils, the liiver Plate, Monte Video, Pernam buco. Bahia, rdiuleira, and Buenos Ayres, will be mule up on the evening of GA 4th Augmt. NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS. The number of STANIPS issued by the authorities t, f Use Stainp-offiee, during 1847, to the DAILY NEWS was 3.447.00 9 This, we believe, is within eight per cent, of the number aimed to the Morning Herold, Morning Chronicle, and Morning Post, ALL TUT TOOETHEA. In addition to the above, issued to the DAILY NEWS, Kerning Paper, there wtre issued for the Evening Edition, TEE EXPRESS 778.714 Which was more, we believe, than were issued tither to the Globe or Standard, Evening Papers. BRIE WA• 78/6 T111.011.11,S0(1..lis 111011 WATett AT I.OIIDOMIIIID OI . O. Tanta. 0 oes.pael et AMMONS. tmetteoot -.4621W. poi O. ^WaY. MK time the 'modes power of the republic has abstained from denial of the imputations of savage nightly executions taking place in rannanoe of secret judgments. The executive power has relied on the good sense of the public. Whatever may be the apprehension of ab lation, whatever the disposition of one part of the popu to adopt the strangest sup poeitions, the executive power persists in thinking that it umbels to defend itself against similar accusations, it is ' only astonished that they s hould have been made, and p oints out to the indignation of good citizens those who make use of public and private sufferings for their own ends. Stores of ammunition continuo to be seized from day to day. The assassinations committed in open day, which I have lately signalised, continue to prevail. An individual, clothed in the uniform of the Na tional Guard, a corporal of the 12th Legion, being seized on a barricade by the Garde Mobile, was about to be shot, when he saw M. Gairard, head-master of the College St. Barba. Addressing M. Gairard, he entreated his intercession, who immediately joined his prayers to those of the man, but to no purpose, since, es he had with his own hand killed several Gardcs Mobile, they shot him. On examining his papers they found a note to the following purport To be shot : M—, my captain, M—, and M. Gairard. ITALY.—Advices from Goito of the lit inst. say I that Austrian envoys have proposed to Charles I !11 ) 2.A the surrenders on the 7.1. oz that power, of Lombardy west of the Adige, including the fortresses of Mantua and Verona, retaining the Venetian pro vinces under the sovereignty of an Austrian prince. This proposition was declined. Advicea from Florence of the 5-11 say that the people demanded of the government the recognition of the Sicilian government. Lotters from Rome of the 2nd say that Mamiani, the Minister of the Interior, had published a circular to the following effect : " The times are becoming very critical, and in more than one part of Italy germs of dissension appear; but if the duty of assisting the public cause speaks loudly in the hearts of all respect able men, the fear of factions is of little import— stimulate the courage and good dispositions of the well disposed, and inculcate in their minds those wise, soued, and truly national doctrines which have hitherto presided over our regeneration. Italy ' should herself do all that is necessary to attain indc ' pendence, the first condition of this is concord and • confidence between the citizens and the nations. Such should be the ultimate end of our sacrifices. In pre sence of Austria, which continues to menace us, he must be a bad citizen who seeks to sow dissension. Let these sentiments, which are professed by the im mense majority of Italians, be constantly present to the mind." 1 Letters from Venice confirm the news I sent yes terday of the proclamation: of the union of the Venetian provinces with Lombardy and Piedmont. The union was adopted on the same conditions as that of Lembardy, by it vote of 123 against 3. SPAIN.—We have received the Madrid mails of the 7th. The Queen set out on the preceding night for San Ildefonso, attended by Rosa de Togores Minister of Marine. Navarr e has bet n declared ' in a state of siege. It was reported that government was about to forfeit the secu rities deposited by Salamanca in the Bank of San Fetnando, and to confiscate his property. The ex-minister is accused by the Iferaldo of complicity with the Itlontemolinists. This was denied by his agent and various friends. A slight affair had taken place between Cabrera'a vanguard and the Queen's troops, in which the former got worsted. MAIMID • Jui.‘ 7.—Three per Cents., To paper ; after Bolsa, 201 15-18 rash. Flee per Ceuta., 121 paper; after Bola; 121 cash. Faraises, 41 paper ; after Boise, 41 cash. Coupons, 8 paper. Bank of St. Fer dinand, ;0 paper. Melting* on London, at 00 days, 42 50. GERMANY. RATIFICATION OF TILE ARMISTICE BE 'fWEEN I)ENNIARK AND GERMANY. PRUSSIA.—We have received the Berlin journals of the 10th. Our correspondent writes : COLOGNE, Jetv 11. A truce for three months between Prussia and Denmark has been, at last, agreed upon, on the following conditions : —The two duchies are to be evacuated, except by the mili tary guarding the hospitals, including those in the island of Aloes. 'the captured vessels are to be restored by Denmark which is also to repay the value of the cargoes disposed of. The war-money levied in Jutland by Germany is to be re funded. A provisional government will be named in common for the two duchies (the junction of which is recognised) — this government to consist of five members, of whom two will be nominated by either power, and the fifth one by the other four. In case of any mmunderetanding, the fifth mem ber is to be elected by England. No member of the present provisional government or of the former central one is eligi ble. the questions relating to indemnification for losses in curred by the embargo and to the Sound duty are reserved for the present—no mention being made of them in the arti cles of the truce. The necessary instructions for General Wrangel left Berlin on the evening of the 7th instant. A Swedish plenipotentiary has arrived in that capital, em powered, it is thought, to co operate in the final settlement of the Danish question, and also to come to arrange ments respecting the general line of policy to be adopted by the Northern states, is the event of the renewed disturbance of peace. It appears that the Prussian cabinet has resolved to introduce a bil, shortly into the constituent assembly of Berlin, having in view the total separation of church and state, so far at least as administrative forms are concerned. The present ministry, however, may be die solved, before it can bring its plan before the assembly—in Get, it is already wavering. The catholic party, headed by the Archbishop of Cologne (one of the deputies for this city), are in favour of the total separation of church and state, but are oppo'ed to the separation of educational and ecclesias tical affairs. The latter measure, however, would certainly appear to be a necessary consequence of the former. The garrison in Berlin is now stronger than it was before the memorable 18th of March last. More .vcr there are, in that city, some 24,000 civic guards and the formation of a body of 2,000 "constables" (the Germans have b allowed from us the none" ..11 well as the rem) is already commenced. Should the communism of Berlin bring about an enteate d la l'ari sienne, it is all but certain that they would experience a fate similar to that of their prototypes in the French metropolis. Several persons have been arrested on the charge of rioting in the neighbourhood of one of the barracks in which the newly arrived regiments are quartered. The tumultuous crowds that assembled on the night of the 7th were dis persed by the civic guard. It is calculated that there are some 40,000 men in Prussia, who, on account of their conviction for crimes or mislemeanors, are legally deprived of their civic rights, including of c.urse the fran chise. On the 9th instant, a pub - ic meeting of parties in terested in the repeal of the obnoxious law in question was held in Berlin, hut the r cult of their deliberations has not transpired. In several parts of the Magdeburg railway station the words " beware of pickpockets" are c onspicuously displayed. Such on inscription, methinks, would not be ill placed on the locale of, or the neatest 116/13 to, the extraordi nary assemblage referred to. A royal ordonnance has lately appeared in Berlin, exempt ing from the payment of the class tax all the members of the Landwehr and their families, so long ea the former are doing military duty. The Stoats Atueiger has published the royal sanction of the law, declaring that all members of the con stituent assembly who accept government poem or who are promoted to higher grades in the state service, shall continue to sit in that assembly by virtue only of a new election. Several battalion+ of the civic guard have energetically pro tected against the march of fresh troops into Berlin. Con eiderable excitement still prevails in the Prussian capital. The two battalions of the line that entered it in the after noon of the 7th were escorted to their quarters by strong detachments of the civic guard. Dr. Minutoli, the late popular president of the Berlin police, has left for London. More Prussian troops have been despatched during the last few days to Schleswig-Holstein. Ina Breslau correspondence of the 7th inst., publiehed in the Cologne Gazette of this day, it is positively wetted that the organisation of the government of Sib sia is on the eve of being commenced. The internal administration of affain it is stated will he placed in the hands cf individuals to be called " the captains (llauptleule) of the country," who will stand in the same relation to the Prussian ministry as the prefects in France with reference to their central govern ment. District captains will also be appointed. AUSTRIA.—The Vienna journals of the 7th have come to hand. The Archduke John has issued the following proclamation : The German national parliament, assembled in Frank fort, has elected me Regent of the empire, and has by its delegates called upon me to assume this honourable distinc tion without delay. Austrians, my unalterable sentiments for our German fatherland are known to you. You know my ardent desires for its welfare and its honour. These wishes are, I am persuaded, in unison with your senti ments. I have, therefore, considered it my sacred duty to accept the office which has been confided to me by your representatives in Frankfurt, and together with them by all your German brethren. This high office, supported by the national parliament, and consolidated by the whole of the German nation, will give tranquillity to the idea of the union of Germany ; it will be a fresh guarantee for the liberty and rights of the whole Ger man nation, for law and order throughout the German terri tory. I, therefore, consider that Ido not violate the duties of regent, confided to me by the Emperor during his absence. May I rather consider that I shall be the more able success fully to carry them out, by accepting both these equally important and intimately united offices. It is, therefore, my intention to return to Frankfort with the deputation seat to me from thence, for the purpose of entering upon the high office of regent of the empire, and shall return to you as re presentative of the Emperor, to open the Diet on the 18th July.—Given at Vienna, July 8, 1843.—Jousr. We see from the above proclamation that the Arch duke John, with that prompt decision which marks his character, has resolved to accede to the wishes of the deputies of the German national parliament, and to quit Vienna on the Bth for the purpose o o f yndfe e thxb ie hihaip t il e :e: ri cligthe. bundignity.t the t wiyit hten wil is asetthe ihtee ce r internalowuo solemnities , unnecessary I e ar y e rgt indispensable openu' o liiPti t t os )d delay.ot hatli f wee s Frankfort l afi i t e r} his T h a s e e e A n t a m ar confidently Imperialoahobl e 3. been r called s u s completed by that time. Thus there will be no din. Min of the concurrence of the Emperor,will set out°. the Bth, and the ministry , during his short absence will be in constant communication with his Imperial Highness, and receive his sanction to their proceed. ings. His Imperial Highness will be accompanied by the minister, Weesenburg, who is intimately versant with the political affairs of Germany. A > l . delegate will be, meanwhile, appointed to take his place at Vienna, in order that there may be no delay or interruption in his department. The Austrian journals continue to urge the Arch. duke John to summon a national assembly in Vienna, composed of the representatives of the various Sets. vonic races ; in fact, they go so far as to recommend him to become the founder of a kingdom to be called the United Suttee of middle Europe. According to the Frankfurt Oberpostamts Zeitun7, tti6 reCEb t events in the principalities of the banutie excite much attention in the Austrian capital. The same journal states that it has been resolved in a council of ministers to send 60,000 more Austrian troops to Italy. The Leipsiter Zeitung publishes a correspondence from Prague, under date July 3, communicating the intelligence that extraordinary measures are still taken to prevent another outbreak. All natives of the city not having any apparent means of gaining a livelihood are drafted into the army int ended for Italy, whil-t foreigners of that category arc expiled from Prague. From Hungary we have news from which it is to be inferred that the disturbances in Iltyria must ter minate either peacefully or otherwise in the course of a few days. A command has been sent from Pesth by Field-Marshal Hrabowski Von Peterwazdzeen, that he should proceed against the rebels with all his force. He had under hie command 8 battalions et infantry and 3 regiments of cavalry, in all, 13,000 men, besides a most powerful artillery atd the na tional guards, part of whom are in reserve, and the other ready for marching. Baron Von Lina, the Vienna banker, had been making an offer to the Austrian Minister of Finance, Kossuth, in the name of the Aue trian national bank, to lend him 13 millions of &rim, in Austrian bank notes without interest, in consideration that in the privileges granted to the bank till 1866 he would abstain from the emission of Hungarian trea sury bonds. Kossuth, however, declined this offs, which rather induced him to hasten the carrying oat his plan, and the Hungarian treasury bonds are to be issued in a few days. The royal imperial state holder, the Archduke Stephen, has already made me of his vice-regal authority, and appointed several bishops and archbishops Government had addrc seed a very energetic note to the governor of Servia, demanding an expiated= respecting the numerous irruptions of Servian fres corps into the Hungarian territory. 11ANOVER.—During the sitting of the bead chamber of Hanover on the Bth inst., a ministerial communication was laid before it, to the effect that the King had acknowledged the election of the Arc& duke John, but that his Majesty was determined le abandon the kingdom if the constituent assembly IR Frankfort went beyond certain limits. As soon as the document was read, one of the members requested that certain portions be read again, as he had not wed understood them. Herr Struve (who is, if I mistake not, a member of the cabinet still) declared that it was positively the King's intention to leave the country in the event referred to. Another member called on the assembly to give three cheers for the Archduke John, but the chamber remained per fectly still. Herr Lang expressed his come tion that the German parliament was Ger many's last hope. He was glad to find that the Archduke John was acknowlidged by the King, but the remaining portion of the ministerial communication had given him (Iferr L) considerable pain. If the decisions of the Frankfort assembly were thwarted, he knew not what would be the me suit. Towards the conclusion of the proceedings three cheers were first given for the Archduke John, and then three cheers for the King of Hanover. The chamber was then prorogued. The first chamber has, it is said, protested against the election of the mde duke, on the ground that it was voted by the =tined assembly alone. BRUNSWICK.—A constituent assembly will be convoked in Brunswick so soon as the new law of elections is voted by the ordinary assembly of the states, which will be convoked towards the end of • this month. HAMBURG.—The commercial deputation in Hamburg—a deputation nominated by the Tarim trades in that city—have declared in favour of re duced duties on foreign goods, and, with one excep tion, is favourable to free ports. It may be stated here that another commercial deputation which lately met at Hanover petitioned the government ter a re duction of duties on foreign articles—the manatee tnrers present declaring that they did not fear English competition. It is clear that the contem plated abolition of the English navigation laws will give a vast impetus to the free trade movement oaths continent, particularly in Germany, for the mainte nance of high protective and differential duties in that country whilst England is throwing open her ports to the world, would soon effect the ruin of the MALTA, JULY 4. By the arrival of the French steamer n then 271 k the agent here tor the French packets received the ollvrirg notification from M. Arago, the Poatmaster-Generel of t$ republic The French steamers for Malta, touching at Geed, Leghorn, Civita Vecchia, Naples, and Messina , will lease Marseilles on the 9th, 19th , and 29th of each month, and arrive in Malta on the sth, 16th, and 25th ; these boats will return to Marseilles by the same route on the tad, 12th, and 22nd. From Marseilles for Constantinople, touching at Malta, Athens, Smyrna, and Darden. nes, on the let, 11th, and 21st of each month, and arrive in Malta on the 6th,lsth, and 25th ; these boats will return from Constantinople on the Ist, 11th, and 21st. The two lines of Constantinople and the coast of Sicily correspond together at M a lta in departure of sth, 15th, and 25 th ; and in return ot ht, llth, and 21st. From Marseilles to Alexandria and Bezrout, after will returs from Beyrout to Alexandria on the 4th and 19th. Tit return from Alexeudria to Marseilles will depend upon tae arrival of the Indian mails, about the 9th and 20th. By this new arrangement the ante number of commanies. Liens with the Levant is retained—three tim e a month, only the dates are altered. Persons in England who for• merly sent overland by the French steamers must now pet their letters two days earlier. The line to Al. xandria from three times a month is now reduced to two, and the regimen to run at the same hour as the English steamboats from both ports. I see no reason why an English agent could not take the mails yid Marseilles on board the Fr..neh steamer, and thus save the British government the expense of keep ing up a lino of worthless steamers for no other purpose tea for the French to laugh at. For instance, the Ardent (ape the new system) left Alexandria on the morning of the 20th with the Indian mails. The French steamer, Loupe, left also for Malta an hour after her, and arrived at five a.m. oaths morning of the 24th. The Ardent came in on the 25th at three am. The Longsor beat her 23 hours in a ru n o os f 0 m iles. The Lower left Malta for Mantilla the 24th at 8 p.m. (before the Ardent The Triton left Malta for Marseilles on t hem at 1 o'clock p.m., 17 hours after the Long' . The consequence will be, as it always has been, that* French government will have our Indian news at least% hours before our steamer arrives in France. 13y chits 10 arrangement the French boats will get all the passengers The fleet was in sight last evening, about 20 miles nortk. The Hecate steamer came in with letters, and will go 00 again thie morning to join the admiral. Some soldiers of the 44th Regiment went, as 1150 1 , terday morning to bathe near the Jews' sallyliort. win a d t the time was very strong fr0m824..2 heavy sea running on the rocas. Melancholy to relat e,l M they got into the water the surf and sea was too high in_ret: mit them to get out, and many would have perished bOl4. hne • not been for the assistance rendered by some Maltese men, who, seeing their danger, hastened to their ar hree As it was four were drowned—a pay-sergeant and t Pr rates. The bodies of the sergeant and one of the pool were picked up yesterday afternoon. I have not heed • the others have been found. None but madmen wonidlies attempted to have bathed at such a place, and in see weather. The officer in charge of the party ought to called upon for an aocouat of the occurrence. Bills on London are at 6 per cent. premium. to silver is at a premium of 2 per cent., and gold at 2.1 to 2 • ATHENS J cxa 30. In consequence of another of the monthly , insc a ' rections, so epidemical in Gre ece, General Gardikiotti ordered off to The: es to disperse the in,urgents, lato u"' again assembled under Colonels Pappacosta and Condormals to the number of 300 me n . AB there wa s no mosey hi I tr easur y thens he received f out the minister an order upon Os! of Thebes for 12,000 drachmas for his experlses sad those et his men, aad another for 10,000 for the same pa- THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, JULY 13, 1848. . _ LONDON, THURSDAY. JULY 13. We heard with much pleasure the indignant pro test uttered by M. LAMARTINFI against the last cf the one thousand calumnies or accusations levelled against him in his own country, and sedulons.y echoed here. What one is least anxious to part with is the belief in the existence ot a character uniting genius with virtue, eloquence with disinterested patriotism, and poetic imagination with prosaic honesty. His torical critics have be: n so successful in picking to pieces and destroying the reputations of those who dominated revolution, that the natural instinct of hero- wo rship was marred and thwarted, at least for liberals, by the disrobing of their idols. and the discovering how much there was of mere dross, or something viler, in their composition. The greatness of LANIARTINE, therefore, and the success with which he chained and led popular passions captive by the sound of his voice and the eloquent lightning of his mind, was the redeeming feature of this last sorry re volu.ion. We have, therefore, clung—and do still cling—to the belief of LAMARTINE'S purity and noble nese ; and his retirement, as was noised, to foreign lands before the breath of calumny unanswered, was to us a subject of regret and mortification. Few, however, wilt demand for the ex•chief of 1 the provisional government the meed of being a 1 consummate politician. His tenet of "by the people and for the people" is no very practicable one. And his attempt to conduct a revolution by mastering and humanising, yet accepting and humming, its spirit, was a task almost too hopeless to be called statesman ship. Still LAMARTINE undertook it; and during the space of two months performed almost miracles for the acco—plishment of that task. And we think it a great pity . either that the national assembly did not continue to put trust in him without demanding his instant abruption from the popular party, or that he himself did not instantly retire on becoming convinced that the assembly was bent on em ploying other than conciliatory modes for the reco very of the great influence of the middle and enlight ened classes. However overwhelmed by disaster and perplexity, the French may be very grateful for having in each crisis found the man best fitted to lead them through it. In February they had LA3I.IILTINE, his reputa tion, his eloquence, his enthusiasm. A soldier then would have been useless: a mere statesman would not have been ob,yed. In June, when the hour of military struggle had arrived, the fit man was not wanting either, and CAVAIGNAC, though un tried, and promoted chiefly through the sagacious choice Of LAMARTINK himself, at once assumed the command, and achieved what MAIIMONT failed in, and what BUGEAUD shrank from. Unfortunately, each government cannot avoid partaking somewhat of the character of its founder. LANIARTINE'd go vernment was more imaginative th l nra pctical—more full of promise than of act. t was feminine in feature, like the statue of Liberty, to which the galley-slay:a cap gave the semblance of ferocity rather than the firmness ot manhood. Ge neral CAVAIGNAC'd government is, on the contrary, all moustache and sabre. He treats the liberty of the person and of the mese es cavalierly, as if France were already nothing but a barrack. His judicial procedure smacks of martial law. And what is worse, its future policy seems to assume intimidation as its principle. Government is to bo carried on in mistrust of the population, and a permanent camp, containing a large army, is to be established under the walls of Paris, ea one of the normal and ne cessary concomitants of government. All this may be as necessary to General CAVAIGNAC as conciliating the communists may have been to M. LAmAirrtsz; but if the French can only escape truckling to the mob by truckling to the army, they are in fact but giving themselves a change of masters. We know not a more melancholy or more degrad ing . fate for a country than that which has befallen Spain, which, in its inabili y to establish free and civilian government, has falLn under the domination of a few officers. Spain has an excuse for so falling, the whole power of France having been exerted to precipitate her into this gulf. But if the large majority of moderate-think ing men in France dwindle down to mere mode rados, who live by the breath of a court, and the regime of the sabre, that will be the moat miserable of all terminations to French efforts to attain consti tutional liberty. We have, however, very great confidence in Gene ral CAVAIGNAC. Many of his acts prove the very bent and most liberal intentions. His desires are evi dently to keep attached to him the moderate republi cans, but he is nevertheless evidently . drifting away with the assembly from republicanism altogether. This would not be of so much consequence if every step he takes in the monarchist direction did not take from his side a follower, and did not increase the ranks of a large and formidable democratic opposi tion, which, if allowed to get intelligent chiefs, will soon find partisans both amongst the citizens and the soldiers, and would then prove far more formidable foes to deal with than even the desperate and demo ralised population of Paris. Meantime the chief men of the assembly are en- gaged in dimensang the constitution, and abetting the contrary systems of one chamber or of an upper and a•lower one. The arguments and the testioutay in favour of a doable chamber are so convincing and overwbisM that it is difficult to conceive the plan no t b s i ss ted. The French, too, rotes all the machinery requisite for the election of a senate t their de tal councils would return a very eminent body of msn, pos sessed, too, of all the influence, talent, and experience required in such an assembly. . - POLITICAL philosopitsra amid legislators must find some medium between Pittiratom's maxim of " all property being robbery," and the English maxim that property is inalienable from a family, however prodigal, reckless, and foolish may be the possessor or successive possessors of that property. Did the property merely regard the owner or the family we might tolerate the law by which a man can ensure his descendants against all the weaknesses and mis fortunes of humanity. But the state and the country demand something more than an epicurean capacity for enjoyment in the owners of property. If it waive the demand of intelligence or morality, or com mon prudence, it must at least insist on the reality of that wealth which is the sole dependence of the poorer classes of this country for employ and provi sion. We shut out the labourer !roll the ulna in this country to make him dependent for his daily bread on the pay of his daily task. We are bound in return to look to the natural some of that pay, the substance and capacity of the landholder, and see that it do not dwindle to a shadow ; for if it does , the peasantry of a country must dwindle with it. Even in England this necessity is fast forcing itself on the consideration of the legislature ; but in Ireland interference can no longer be delayed. There the law has bestowed such care in enabling the pro prietorial classes to strengthen and perpetuate their hold of the soil, and at the same time to exempt them from all care of themselves, of the land, of the population, of the country, and in fine of I the future, that the landlords having begun by pau perising the peasants, have ended by pauperising themselves. It was complained of Irish tenants in the late famine, that they would neither cultivate f the ground nor give it up. This conduct, complained o as so monstrous in the tenant, is precisely the present conduct of the landlord, a conduct moreover not of his ' but absolutely forced upon him by the state of the law. Tha SOLICITOR-GENERAL has shown himself en dowed with the thorough spirit of a reformer, in coming forward boldly to cut the knotty net-work, in which law holds the properties of Ireland. All previous attempts at setting the land of that country live, and giving it a bona fide proprietor, merely patched and complicated the system already existing, throwing the onus of reform upon the func tionaries most prone by habit and by precedent to defeat it, viz., the CHANCELLOR and his officers. The transfer of land was rendered impracticable not merely by entails, and mortgages and com plicated titles, but by the enormous expense of every step, and especially of the great preliminary of acquiring accurate information. To hope any remedy for these from the Court of Chancery alone was idle. And, therefore, the SOLICITOR-GENERAL carved through the difficulty, proposed to allow any mortgagee to bring an incumbcred estate to sale, and to enable the new purchaser to acquire an indefeasible and parliamentary title in a very short space of time. The mere lawyer class, however, and the sticklers for landlord theory an supremacy rather than for landlord interests, will d neither of them hear of tho bill, which, if it be passed at all, will no doubt be pared down and rendered nugatory. The necessity, however, of boil fide and full proprietorship of land is making itself too strongly felt to dmit of laws for the establishment of that principle not being forced on the legislature. We perceive that the report of Mr. Pusev's com mittee declares it " desirable that states under settle ment should be endowed with every practicable privi lege for their advantage which is attached to abaolwe property." Here we see the practice of settlement and the law of entail, under which the actual owner of the property has only a restricted interest and limited power, are sought to be set aside pro tanto by the landowners themselves. The addition to leasing power in the hands of the life proprietor may be of some value in England, where tenants are not wanting, possessed of skill and capital, an I ready to invest both, when the tenure tempts or satisfies them. But in Ireland the farmer class are not extant, and have to be created. Landlords there require wealth, as well as free powers over their properties ; and to give them these can only be done by such a renewal of the landlord class as will give it substance, respectability, and sinew. Nor is there here any uprooting or confiscation. The landlord class itself must desire , and perceive it ' necessary to their very salvation, that their number be enlarged, their wealth increased, their condition altered, and that piles and foundations be driven and laid for the maintenance of the class against the popular tide, in order to its not being swept away by either moral or physical revolution. VIE cue against the imposition of tests in aca demic institutions is in the present day as complete as reasoning and fact can make it. Nothing is re quired but determination on the part of the advocates of truth to make the cause succeed. An article in the Edinburgh Review gives a remarkable proof from the Edinburgh University of the utter impossibility of legislation to effect an unjust purpose for long together. The Scot tish 'lest Act is, we find, practically of no effect. In spite of the most stringent enactments to prevent the admission of any teacher in the university, except those who subscribe to the Confession of Faith of the Scotch church, for more than half a century both in Edinburgh and Glasgow, Episcopalians, against whom the act was specially directed, have during all that time constantly held chairs in the university without being required to take the test. "In the Edinburgh University, at this moment, the chairs of Moral Pui losophy, Rhetoric, History, Music, Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, and, we believe, the Practice of Physic, are hdd by Episcopalians—P.ofessor WiLsoN and Professor FORBES being the twomost distinguished names." A curious example of the pernicious effect of the sacramental test is added in an extract from Mr. I HERoN's "Constitutional History of the University of Dublin." Triers have been many among the Fellows of Trinity College, Dublin, who dated thei r p rote.tantism from the time when they " turned (apostatised) for scholarship." The apostasy for scholar hip in Trinity College, even now, ex cites but little surprise. Of those who thus conform, some remain in their new creed, and even become ministers of the established church ; others,on the a ppiration of the live years 1 during which the scholarship lastern to the profession of 1 the catholic faith after having profaned tu with unholy lips the sacrament of the endwise. This latter class enjoys the nic manse of quinquennes from the live years during which they were protestants. The moral effect of these indecent acts of apostasy in the highest educational institution in the island, must be most prejudicial. Is not this virtual denial of the highest national education to seven-eighths of the population of Ireland, ot itself sufficient to account for the adhesion of so many of tho highest classes in Ireland to the cause of repeal ? " Catholic judges are on the bench," says Mr. HERON, "catholic magistrates have broken rough the exclusiveness of the old Irish squirearchy, catholics fill the corporations, catholics speak and vote in the parliament of the realm, and catholic privy councillors advise their sovereign. Is it not so plain that it is only in Ireland one would have to say it, that it is moat expedient for the interests of the state that those men permitted to rise through abilitytothe highest sta tions in the land should not in their youth receive an in ferior education ? These men should not in their youth be galled by sectarian exclusion, and be almost com pelled to carry with them through life the resentment thus excited at the time of their education." The catholic gentry are by the operation of the test thus excluded by law from obtaining the best educa tion in the country. " The system of education," says Mr. HERON, " is grand and comprehensive ; but there is one fault—the university of Ireland is exclusive, not national. It is considered by its rulers to be the divinity school of the p r otestant church, not the uni versity of the nation. Could the most subtle inge nuity devise a better scheme for the manufacture of repealers and rebels than this ? - We have quoted these facts from the review, not that the argument against the imposition of tests in our universities requires assistance to bolster it up, bat that those of our readers who have not paid at tention to the subject may see that the acknowledged evil consequences of the said imposition in the Uni versities of Oxford and Cambridge have their parallel, and must necessarily have their parallel in any uni- where a like custom prevails. The altered I of national lits in modern times. is such that wiry grounds upon which testa *ere formerly osed now furnish argnasents for the abolition of the Came. When the great majority d the nation pro. *mei the mama faith-10On Owe who dissented re ligiously were &impel necessarily political enemies, foes to the peace and quiet of the country, every . regu lation calculated to keep the administration in the hands of those who really represented the nation was :notifiable. Both the Boman Whelks and the puritans were politically opposed to the constitution of the nation. A religious dissenter was almost presum ably a political foe. The possibility of uniformity in religion was so far from being denied that the recol lection of not a few would reach to a point when that uniformity really existed, or existed with very slight qualificauons. The disputes concerning religion were the causes of fearful calamities. Men we b re tol d of sof a time when natio ns were not agitated y this e. They sighed for the ancient times of peace ; they longed to reproduce the times of unity. Each party would necessarily be bitter against its opponent, as standing in the way of quiet and repose. " See," cried the zealous Anglican, " were it not for this heretical Romanist and this pestilent Puritan this fair realm of England would be fulfilling its destiny in tranquillity." Any person who does not eve that however justifiable these reasonings may have been then they are totally ina pp licable now, mast be equally ill acquainted with the histories of both periods. A mere glance at the facts will establish OW Case. The archbishops and bishops of both provinces, in the year 1562, met in convocation, and agreed upon certain articles, which have ever since been printed at the end of the prayer-took, "for the avoiding of di versities of opinions, and for the establishment of con sent touching true religion." The monarch lent his whole aid to the undertaking, and in the declaration prefixed to the articles avers that he will not "suffer unnecessary disputations, altercations, or qneetions, to be raised;" he therefore ratifies and confirms the said articles, requiring all his "loving subjects to continue in the uniform profession thereof, and prohibiting the least difference from the said articles." He says in another part of the declaration: " We will not endure any varying or departing in the least degree." It would not be easy to find a design so solemnly under taken and so maerably frustrated. Every person now a-days, three hundred years after these articles were drawn up, thinks just as he pleases with respect to the articles, and expresses his opinion with the utmost freedom. Far from testifying the edifying unanimity of the archbishops and bishops of both provinces, and the whole " clergy," in the year 15e2, our ecclesiastics of the present day do not hesitate to hold and to publish the moat contrary opinions on every funda mental position established in the articles. If the unanimity alluded to be not a pleasing historical fiction, never was there a greater alteration in any society than is presented by the appearance of the church of England now and the church then. We are quite certain, that leaving oat "t! a bishops and the whole clergy," and taking simply the four present archbishops of ling:and and Ireland, we should, by asking each of these prelates to state in succinct terms his exposition of the articles, obtain lour "bodies of doe- trine" which would differ no less from each other than from the meaning attached by the framers of the articles to the several propositions contained therein. If we were to obtain a similar exposition from the rest of the bench of bishops, and arrange them in parallel columns, the variations would simply em body nearly every form of belief which has ever yet been professed In every Christian society. And yet the test of subscription to these articles is kept up in our universities. What is the consequence? From day to day these eetablishreents become more and more sectariau in character. Their supporters cannot stir beyond the precincts of the col lege walls without being reminded that the circum stances wh;ch warranted the imposition of the test of articles are vanished; that circumstances have arisen which call loudly for the abolition of the test ; and that if they continue to endeavour to stein the torrent of popular opinion they will soon be swept away by it. The wealth, the power, the intelligence, the energy of the nation, are no longer vested in tho mem bers of the church. The church is not co-extensive with the nation. One by one the barriers which kept dissentients from the church from parti cipation in legislative and administrative privi leges have. vanished, and it is impolitic to en deavour to maintain the old privileges, and impossible to succeed. The nation is now placed in opposition to the church. A methodist, a baptist, a Roman catholic, feels that he is an Englishman; his nationality is as intense as that of the stoutest Anglican churchman, and he complains, and rightly, that his right as an Englishman to receive the best education which the institutions of his country can give is unjustly withheld from him by the church. He tells you that the most cutting confutation of our claim to be considered the freest peorle in the world is founded upon the fact that our constitution, which admits all classes of Christians to all offices of trust, makes an exception with respect to education. Dis senters may be members of the legislature or the ad ministration, but they shall not be properly educated for each at the great national educational establish ments; for they maintain that these are national establishments, and that their exclusive possession by the church is an injustice. The vulgar identification of the church and universi ties (says the reviewer) arises from a most important fact which must nevertheless not be rested upon as a right: namely, the usurpation of the universities by the chrical order; a revolution wh ich was brought about so gradually that the state was long unaware of it, but it has net been the less detriau ntal to the intellectual and theological interests for which alone universities exist. The connexion has been injurious in another way. On the distinction taken by Adam Smith, a rich church drains the universities of its most eminent men of letters, while a poor church is drained by them. Voltaire observed, accordingly, that a Father Porret was the only professor they had ev, r had in France whose works were worth the reading: Adam Smith supporta this conclusion by adding that in England the church in the same manner, by the temptation of its benefices, was conti nually draining the universities of their best and ablest members. "An old colleg , tutor, who is known and distin guished in Europe as an eminent man of letters, is as rarely to be found there as in any Roman catholic country." A. c , nnexion which produces such effects might well be left to natural tendencies, already strong enough, and not to ba fostered and pampered by artificial wan.. The universities have no interest as universities in bribing their members into the church. Quite the contrary. I Most heartily do wo join in the last conclusion. The question of the necessity of religion as a vital I portion of education is a large and important I one, but it is essential to observe that it is not connected with the subject of the imposition of tests. I. may be very much to be desired that the communication of knowledge should not be disjoiiied from religious and moral instruction, but this object cannot be wholly attained in a national establishment of education. The nation is, politically, a unity : reli giously, it is composed of various elements. Any un due preference of one of these elements is au injustice to the rest. When the church of England has brought the whole island under its own discipline, then it will have a right to claim to connect its morel and religions instructions with the intellectual tuition afforded at the national universities, arid not till then. FRANC..,. PARIS, WEDNESDAY, 11.30 A.Y. The Assembly has voted, by an immense majority, the establishment of a permanent camp of 50,000 men in Paris. It is determined to protect the capital from a new insurrection, to which those still look forward who covet pillage, and whose disappointed ambition or abortive utopian schemes render them discontented. The project of M. Jules Fevre to declare the private domain of Louis Philippe the property of the state, has been adjourned by the Assembly until the govern ment shall express its opinion upon it. A project is in contemplation for establishing a system of medical treatment of the poor, which it is calculated may be done at an average cost of 3 francs per head per annum, invalids being attended at their homes. The club of the republican party in the Assembly, which sits in the Palais Royal, has come to a resolu tion that it will use all means to carry the project of the constitution through the Assembly without serious modification. This club consists of aboat 200 members. The following official statement has been issued by the government respecting the insurgent prisoners : The judicial proceeding relative to the events of June Proceeds rapidly. 3,000 prisoners have been interrogated by the examining magistrates. So soon as the examination had been sufficiently advanced, four military commissions were appointed to determine, atter investigatton, to which of the classes specified by the decree of the 25th of June, 1848, the prisoners severally belonged. This is putsued actively, end 16E4 primmer' have already been set st liberty. until this honourable I mill wlll Sian hoc chu Oil