The Express. — London, England, 1853-10-10 00:00:00

erVrtoo. TO CORRESPONDENTS. A Se." 1 " 1 Vitich of '•The tarifa ," (+Niigata.; the sass esaiyeahl ..liaartte," pubbabed every Tocaday sad Friday aiglat, ra time Far poet. AC., r ti-c ►n'emle.t rue " The Fospree.., , * /mo o n Evesing parer, lIIVAt be at the ollcw, 10, geurerle , trirst, by Two o'clock an Me clay ict publication. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tun Day —limning, Th. 11 Afters/ma, 7h. 0.. To-sinasow—Monsusg, rl. Tim Attem" Ilsa. LON)) OS, MONDA OC TOBER 10. Tut. rise in the rate of interest on Exchequer Bills anuounced on Saturday was expected, and had become inevitable since they fell below 10 per mut. discount and refused again to mote upwards. It is a late and unwilling confession on the part of the Cu ‘scr.r.rant of the ExcumauEo that he was as much mistaken about the Money Market as the writers in the Times. The sum by which he will thus increase the expenditure is only worth adverting to as reducing his expected surplus in the course of the year by upwards of 213,0001. A more interest ing question is how will he provide for the pay ment of the dissentients from his conversion scheme, which will require, first and last, about 8,000,0001.? By no means in the present state of the Money Market can this he accomplished s itbout adding considerably to the public expenditure and reducing his surplus still more. If he go into the market for a loan he will much increase present difficulties; and, becoming a competitor for capital with men of enterprise, when if he have the means, he should rather assist them, he will endanger the popularity of the Government where it has hitherto, from the general prosperity, been most popular. We are nut however disposed to bear hard on the unfortunate financier, and can wait patiently till the time comes for him to explain how he is to get out of his dif ficulties. We are chiefly desirous of guarding our readers against supposing that his difficulties are synonymous with national difficulties, or are to be attributed to the trading part of the community. A borrowing Government, like a spendthrift land owner, has only an income derived from taxation to pay interest on his loans; but the borrowing mer chants have all of them commodities on the way to some market, from which they expect to reams profit and pay at once both principal and is tercet. This distinction between their loans and those of Governments should never be lost sight of. Merchants look by their own industry and ►kill for an ever-increasing return, and as a rule only borrow to make it larger and more cer tain. The credit they take, when analysed to its ultimate elements, is only assistance borrowed from other industrious and enterprising men, to enable them successfully to complete operations by which they and society are benefited. They borrow to increase their own and the public wealth ; Govern ment only borrows to expend or to waste it. The loans of merchants enrich, while Government loans impoverish, society; and the merchants will have good reason to complain should the Government come into the market for money, and take away, even for a season, • part of their means of successful trade. The CUANCELLOIO financial operations in the early part of the year contributed to make money too easy ; he then deranged the market, by pouring into it, con trary to custom, the Government balances ; and he threatens now to derange it in another direction by taking much more than the balances out of it. Trade is jealous of rivals : it likes no other borrower. All that can be legitimately borrowed to facilitate pro duction, it actually borrows, reproduces, and repays. Other borrowers only impede production, and pro mote an expenditure which no after-production re places. We do not assert that trade may not already have borrowed too much. With the one-sided statistics we now have—the quantity of cotton, sugar, or coffee, for example, which comes into the market, or is produced in any and every part of the world being known to a pound, and the quantity of corn grown being the subject of the wildest guesses; with the partial systems of policy which prevail, the produc tion of one article being restricted by one Govern ment, and of another by some other Government, one now being set free and one again subjected to a prohibition, continual alterations in fiscal regula tions everywhere, even when in the end beneficial deranging exchanges in the first instance; with trade everywhere partially trammelled by those whose duty it is to maintain its freedom, we feel no surprise that merchants do continually miscalculate and fail to enrich them- selves and society. To that mischance they aro sub ject, but their operations all tend by laudable means to promote their own, which is the public welfare. Looking, however, calmly at what they have recently done, it does not seem that they have now miscalcu lated, and the rise in the nine of money or capital taking place throughout Europe, is rather a sign that they have made and are making great gains, than of great losses and coming failures. We all judge of the present by the past ; and because the rise in the rate of discount in 184134 was followed by a great commercial crash a similar crash is now anticipated. There are, however, some striking differences between the circumstances then and now. Then the corn trade was not free, and no foreigners having prepared a supply for us, the dread of starvation first drcve prices to an unusual height, afterwards to fall suddenly, to the ruin of all the corn dealers. Now the people are fully assured of their stileastenee, and there can be no such fever of speculation, and no such shivering ague of half suspended animation. Then a few great houses, rotten to the core, domineered over the markets, and their fall spread abroad general ruin. Now, trade is much more diffused ; there is a great and continual increase of what are called little men ; it is accord ingly much sounder, and the failure of one or two would rather serve as a beacon than hurry on a general wreck. Then there had been in plan ning and beginning the construction of railways which were never completed, in the employment of an immense body of directors, secretaries, sur veyors, map-drawers, engineers, itc., fie.—a very large waste of the national resources. There was a prodigious expenditure, with no return. Nur was it confined to railways. The protecting laws as to sager induced men to embark large capitals in the Mauritius and in the West Indies, which the culti vation of beet in Europe half destroyed. There is nothing similar now. An immense mass of new wealth has been found and the stimulus to enterprise is not artificial. There may be too much esgerness to share in the great advantage, but that cannot diminish its ultimate value. The cargoes of cottons and woollens, of ale and beer and wine, of cutlery and haber, dashery, sent to Australia, may not realise the Bolden visions of the exporters; they may be a little deteriorated before they arc paid for, but they will not be destroyed. They will find a market somewhere and at some time. There is now no great waste. Under the worst circumstances, there can be no ulti mate lose. In the meantime, however, the exporters have replaced with a large profit the capital of the woollen and cotton manufacturers, of the brewers and the maltaters, of the cutlers find the hosiers, and LATEST FROM THE CONTINENT. FORMAL DECLARATION OF WAR. (Dv ELZCTSIC TELEGRAPH.) VIENNA, SATVADAT, OCT. 8. The declaration of war by the Porte against Russia is formal. 'fhe text has been received at the Ottoman Legation here. The following condition is appended :—Hostilities shall not, however, com mence in case the Russian troops shall have evacuated the Principalities within the time limited —four weeks. BERLIN, SATURDAY, OCT. 8. The King of Prussia, the Emperor of Russia, the Grand Duke, and the Prince of Prussia, arrived yes terday evening at Potsdam. According to new arrangements the Emperor Nicholas will leave to morrow for St. Petersburg, passing by Koenigsberg. The Czar's intended journey to Kiew is given up. of the thousand producers who have contributed to ' RUSSIA AND TURKEY. supply the commodities sent abroad. They have doubled, and in some cases trebled, freights; and Telegraphic despatches from Vienna announce that news hasbren received there from Constantinople later . all the prosperity which has prevailed for litany months has everywhere been attended than that of the last Trieste mail. From the tenor of these advice, it is to be collected that after the meet with a great increase of the profits of many persons lag of the grand council on the 28th ult. the and the reproduction of all their expended capital. responsible ministers of the Sultan held several con- The large gains of shipowners, brewers, maltstere t forearms to decide upon its recommendations. Its cotton and woollen manufacturers, in consequence of final resolve, it is said, has been announced. Instead of our extensive trade, even it the money should in part issuing a manifesto immediately denouncing hos and in the end come out of the exporters' pockets, are tallies, as was expected, they have made a contingt nt decrion of war, the condition of which it is just in the meantime real profit to all these classes, and possible may never be fulfilled. That condition is the great source of the willingness and the ability to the non-evacnation of the Principalities within pay the increased rate of discount. France, and Ger- a month, and until the expiration of that delay the I many, and Holland, feel the influence as well as Eng- declaration is not to become absolute. Such is the substance of the news received at Vienna. There is land; for all their ships are as well employed as but certain it ti s pr o i r e r r o i probability about the intelligence, ours, and from them all there is a great increase of nee c boration. exports, and a rise in the rate of interest. In all Assuming its correctness for the moment, the deci these circumstances the present period differs from skin of the Porte is, at the present juncture, most im the great commercial convulsion of 1847-8, and per- portant. It is not at all to the point to say, as here and there is said, that a mere declaration respecting haps from all the commercial convulsions that ever went before it. Shameful will it be in the Govern - Turkey's relations to Russia does not alter the actual state of things, and that we knew before the Porte meat should the difficulties which Trade may have was not at peace. The resolve of the Divan to to encounter through too much eagerness and miscalcu. accept fur a month longer the Czar's explanation lation—though we hope they will not be great—be affirming the pacific character of the occupation of Moldo-Wallachia, gives a month's grace to the diplo augmented by Government coming into the market matists, and this at a moment when negotiations are for a loan to supply deficiencies occasioned by florin corned on with more earnestness and from better cial miscalculations, all the elements of which were at defined positions than at any former period of the the command of the Financier. dispute. At the same time there is not a moment to lose. To an engaged people and an impatient army a month is a long delay. While the Czar's last offer transmitted from 01- mutz is the thread on which all hopes of peace seem for the moment to depend, it is important to distin guish and not lose sight of the real nature of that proposal. The Frankprt Post Gazette completes the series of journals reputed to receive instructions from Russia which have undertaken to unfold the Ohnutz device says:" The cabinet of St. Peters. burg has declared that it is ready to give an assur ance to the Ottoman Porte that, in insisting on the pure and simple adoption of the Note of Vienna, it does not understand any encroachment on tho rights of sovereignty of the Sultan, and i' has charged the other powers to give to the Divan the necessary guarantees to that effect." This is in substance the statement which we published on Tuesday morning last, and upon this basis the English and French cabinets are now negocitting. The Czar, it is seen, holds fast to the positive and specific clauses of the objectionable Vienna note which is to be delivered by the Porte in the fulness of its concessions. The declaration which Russia is willing to place beside it, being vague and general, could not limit or define the more dangerous document, but would infallibly be explained by it. Once and again, in tic course of his mission, Prince Menchikoff maintained in hie despatches, that he was not flaking the Sultan to surrender his sovereign rights, so that the proposed assurance is neither new nor exclusive of dangerous pretensions. It was this consideration we are war ranted in stating that led to the non-acceptance of the Olmutz scheme when first propounded, and to remove this objection by substituting a more simple form of arrangement is the office with which Lord Westmoreland and Sir Hamilton Seymour arc now especially charged. Their success will depend on the sincerity and discretion of the Czar. Besides the cabinet council held on Friday, another was held at the Foreign-office on Saturday, to which it is stated the ministers were not summoned in the usual manner. Another council is appointed at the Foreign-office for this day, making three collective I deliberations cf the cabinet within as many days. Sir Wm. Molesworth, Sir James Graham, and the Duke of Argyll. were not present at the cabinet council held on Saturday. The article of the Constitutionnel given in the letter of our French correspondent is very significant. For the first time in this affair, the sending of troops to the aid of Turkey is held oat as a probability by a government writer. The Petrie denies that the granting of furloughs to soldiers has been suspended, but admits that new regulations have been issued oir the subject.. The tact, however, of officers on leave of absence having been ordered to join their regiments, is not to be dis puted. The same journal contradicts the report of General Canrobert having been sent on a mission to Constantinople. He has not received any mission. At the French Ministry of War assurances are given that the rumours in circulation of orders having been mint into the provinces for the march of regiments towards Marseilles and other ports for embarkation mm astounded. As yet no order has been given for any movement. The Lloyd of Vienna states that a courier was despatched on the 28th ult. to Baron de Bruck, with Instructions for every eventuality, and even for the we of war breaking out. The Wanderer of Vienna states that on the 2nd the Prince of Prussia had a long conference with the Earl of Westmoreland. The Breslau Gazette contains the following from Vienna, dated the 3rd :—" Col. Burghersh, eldest son of Lord Westmoreland, the English ambassador, has just arrived here from London. Mr. Boyle, English attache, has left for that city. Far from supposing that the interview of the Sovereigns at Warsaw has complicated the situation, it is thought that it will serve to clear it up, and that the monarchs, without thinking of an offensive and defensive treaty, will endeavour to come to an understanding." Four Italian emissaries have been arrested, having about them several important papers. A letter from Smyrna of the 23d ult., states that the Porte had sent orders to the authorities to raise a body of irregular cavalry. The Wanderer of Vienna, of the 3rd, says :—" A letter from Constantinople, of the 24th ult., an nounces that a detachment of mounted Kurds had arrived there, having offered their services to the Sultan. In order not to keep up the excitement of the Mussulman population, the Ottoman Porte has removed these Kurds from the capital, and ordered them to Schumla, together with some Arab troops, which had arrived. The Patric affirms that in consequence of the false statements published in some of the Russian journals, charging the Porte with having subjected the ortho dox Greeks in Turkey to pillage, torture, and assas sination, the Ottoman government has not only given them a positive denial, but challenges the strictest inquiry. A letter from Bucharest of the 28th ult., in the Breelaw Gazette says:—" Conversation has turned here on a razzia which the Turks are said to have made on the borders of Wallachia. The commander in-chief of the Russian army had imagined that the Turks had passed the Danube, and ho sent on the point which was menaced a regiment of hussars, two boats, and five companies of Comacks. Afterwards it was understood that an irregular Turkish body had made a razzia on the borders of Wallachia, but they had withdrawn before the Russians came up. At the Russian head quarters, no great importance i attached to this act. What is more grave, if the news should be confirmed, is that the Russians had seized on several commercial vessels. The Consul of France has, it is said, interested himself in this affair. A report has been sent to Prince Gortscha koff, and a decision is waited for." FRANCE. _O.-- PARIS, FRIDAY EVENING. A paragraph in last Wednesday's Presse, which was thought on its publication merely to express the private opinion of the editor, is now considered deserving of especial notice. A high personage, en joying more than ordinary opportunities of knowing what passes, not merely in ministerial but in court circles, has been heard to assure an eminent jour nalist that this paragraph accurately describes the nature of the active measures which France and England have for the present resolved to take in support of Turkey. As a strong confirmation of this statement, I may mention that the Bulletin tie Paris, a lithographed correspondence published under the direction of the Minister of the Interior, last night contained this article of the Presse without ac knowledging the source. "Here then (save the Presse) is the plan of the campaign. The part which England and France will perform, in case of hostilities, is thus traced out : to circumscribe the war, at which they will be present a:6l*es de camp, to oppose all revic tualling of the Russian army by sea, in the event, less than was probable, of a victory by the Russians over the Turks, and to prevent by force, if necessary, the Russians from cro.teing the line of the Danube THE _EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 10, 1853. and of the to maintain the European equi librium as established by treaty." The Patrie has the following paragraph, tending to lessen the importance of an order lately issued by the Minister of War, respecting furloughs : " It has been announ ced that all leave of absence had been suspended in the regiments. The truth is this :—A circular from the Minister recommends generals commanding divisions to restrict furloughs to soldiers as much as possible, and to suspend the half-yearly grants of leave to officers until January 1. The only motive for this order is to provide for the service in the different garrisons, and to render it less painful for the men who remain with their corps. The Emperor of Russia has just appointed M. Ba labine, Secretary of the Russian Embassy at Con stantinople, to the same post at Paris. Count B acciocchii left Paris on Wednesday for Stuttgardt on a private mission. After domiciliary visits made at Bayonne last week, several political arrests were effected. The persons arrested are accused of being affiliated to se cret societies. It is said to be decided that after Jan. 1 the old court mantle will be worn by ladies received at the Tuileries. PARIS, SATURDAY MORNING. The Constautionnel has an article headed " The Consequences of a War in the East," to which I call your attention, because I know it correctly represents the opinions now professed by the French govern ment. This article, far from building up hopes of peace apon the Alba pacific professions of the Czar, plainly says that war is probable, dwells upon the necessity of looking the difficulty fairly in the face, and soberly argues that, assuming war to be inevit able, the public mind should not give way to panic or fear. This government organ, instead of preaching peace when there is no peace, says: " To endeavour to conceal the gravity of the situa tion would be to mislead public opinion by encourag ing the supposition that there is no chance of a war in the East, while the hopes of peace grow weaker every day." _ . The following paragraph is a striking contrast to the line of argument adopted by a London journal received here to-day, in which the settlement of the great question now at issue is made to depend upon a return of the miserable expedient of calling upon the Sultan to affix his signature to a collection of words upon an understanding (to which Russia is to be no contracting party) that the Western powers are to be at liberty to understand them in a non-natural sense. " Doubtless diplomacy is still at work; but it must not be concealed that recent event, have greatly narrowed the sphere of negotiation. The question is now in such a state that scarcely anything short of an act of extraordinary prudence on the part of the Emperor Nicholas can restore peace between Russia and Turkey. Tho Sultan will not accept the Vienna note without Reselaid Pasha's modifications. That is certain. There remains, therefore, but ono way alone to avoid war breaking out on the banks of the Danube—that is the adhesion of the Czar to those modifications which he himself has rendered necessary by his interpreta tion of the Vienna note. Will the Czar have suffi cient wisdom and moderation to give Europe this proof of his sincerity ? It is, perhaps, permissible to doubt it, for, without being unjust towards him, we must say, if we are to judge of the future by the I past, that he has not hitherto been distinguished by his moderation in respect to the eastern question." After referring to the Czar's past conduct, and espe cially to his invasion of the principalities in contempt of treaties, the Conatitutionnel continues :—" This conduct is certainly not of a nature to reassure men's minds to any great extent as to Rus sian designs upon Turkey. It is evident that the Czar aspires at least to reign in the Ottoman states more than the Sultan himself ; and that if he is die- posed to forego material conquest, it is only upon condition that ho shall have the moral dominion. With such designs and such ideas, it will be difficult for the Emperor Nicholas to renounce his hopes and desires by adhering to the modifications of the Divan•—the only convincing proof that he can now give of his sincerity and moderation. We must, therefore, unless we would run the risk of being taken by surprise by events, while still hoping for peace prepare ourselves for war." The Prease says: "The language of the Times would lead one to apprehend that the English cabi net again inclines to a temporising policy. General Count de Goyon, aide-de-mmp to the Em peror of the French, and Colonel Count de Chana beillee, left Berlin on the 4th for Paris. The Liberte of Lille of October 6, says :—" The returns sent in for yesterday's corn market show an average fall in prices on the two qualities of wheat, to the extent of If. 48c. per hectolitre. This down ward movement appears likely to become general in the north of France. The quotations for the market of Bergnes also show a fall of if. 25c., although the quantity sold was more considerable than at the pre ceding market." The Princess Wotkonski, daughter of Prince Menchikoff, arrived at Toulouse, on the sth, with her two children and a numerous retinue. The production of M. Alex. Dumas' new play Louis XIV., at the Francais, is indefinitely suspended, the censorship having objected to several passages. Part of the plot turns upon the Grand Monarque's love for a young lady not of royal blood, and upon his conquest of his passion in deference to high con siderations of state. This is thought an undesirable subject for stage representation under present cir cumstance,. PARIS. SUNDAY Brim ma. M. Victor Morpurgo, a writer in the Presse, who has passed several years in the East, has an article headed" Effectual Intervention," in which he endea vours to show that the pled of a campaign by France and England, sketched in the Presse three or four days since, and understood to be that of the French government, will not answer the purpose. For the intervention to be efficacious he says the fleets should enter the Black Sea and force the Russian fleet to take refuge at Sebastopol. The only hope of pre serving peace and bringing Russia to some equitable terms, consists, says the writer, in proving to Russia that the fleets will not shrink from entering the Black Sea, which is the vulnerable side of the Muscovite dominions. With every confidence in the bravery and enthusiasm of the Ottoman army, he thinks it essential that they should be able to reckon upon a substantial diversion upon the Circassian coast, and nothing would be easier than to make this diversion if the Russian fleet were no longer in the Black Sea. Merely to hinder the Russian army from being "re victualled" by tho Black Sea would not, M. Mor purgo thinks, do them much harm. In the cam paigns of 1828 and 1829, that sea was of great use to the Russian army, because the Danubian Princi palities were exhausted, and Austria maintained a " hostile neutrality" (see in proof of this the docu ments published in the Portfolio), but within the last twenty years the production of Moldo-Wallachia has doubled, Russia by intercepting the navigation of the Danube has secured enormous stores of pro visions at a reduced price, and Austria, assuming her to be neuter, will be " sympathetically neuter," and a ill bo of great use to Russia in the struggle. The Patric says:—" According to a private cor respondence from Vienna of the 4th, the rumour was generally accredited that the Austrian government, notwithstanding its sympathy for the Czar, appeared decided to remain neutral in case of a war between Russia and Turkey, and to continue, in accordance with the other powers, to use its good offices to put a stop to hostilities, and bring about peace between the belligerent parties. All the German correspon dence is entirely to the same effect, and this opinion seems to be accredited in the different courts of Ger many." The Emperor and Empress did not r to Corn pii.gne yesterday, u was expected. It is now an 'minced that they will go there on the 12th. The Pattie says it is authorised to contradict the report that the French government intends to re inforce the army of occupation in Rome. There was a considerable rise in almost all securi ties at the Bourse yesterday. The Threes opened at 73.23, rose to 73.50, then tell to 73, and recovered for the close to 73.40, being a rise of 63e. from yes terday. Railway shales were in great demand, and rose considerably. The Comptour d'Escompte having followed the Example of the Bank of France and raised its discount 1 per cent., tell 10f. BELGIUM AND HOLLAND. 'BRUSSELS, Ocr. 8. The clerical or reactionary party iuill; kingdom ! flatter themselves that they are now on the eve of re covering office, and that before the Chambers are con voked in the course of next month, the head of the present cabinet, M. de Brouckere, and the Minister of War will resign. Neither of those ministers fully shares the opinions of a certain high personage on some points. The clericalists feel assured that M. Dechamps, one of their devoted friends, will be summoned to form a new administration. The Aus trian alliance has increased the influence at court of that intriguing and dangerous party who make no great secret of their intention to modify the liberal institutions of this country.: It appears, by an extract from a letter of the Dutch Consul at Alexandria, that up to the 18th ult. it was not known whether the Egyptian go vernment would comely with the demand of the consuls that the prohibition of the exportation cf grain should not be enforced till the Ist of December next. _ The Dutch papers announce the loss of the Ameri can ship Hartienne, of Glasgow (such is the name given), off the ]]elder, on the 4th inst. It was bound from St. Domingo to Hamburg, with a valu able cargo of cotton and coffee. The captain, J. Steward, and eleven of his crew, were saved by some Dutch pilots. No portion of the cargo was got away. The legislative session of the grand duchy of Lux embourg was opened on the 4th inst., by Prince Henry of the Netherlands, in the name of the King of Holland, Grand Duke of Luxembourg. Ho an nounced that for the future the Dutch ministers at foreign courts would again extend their protection to natives of the duchy—a protection withdrawn in consequence of some dissension between the grand ducal government and that of Holland. "" ; . ITALY. The Twain Moniteur publishes a decree suspend ing the duty on flour of every kind, from whatever quarter it may come. The Grand Duke hu announced that he will re ceive no more representations in favour of Miss Can inghame, except from the accreditedoninisters of his allies. The law must take its course. TURIN, Ocr. 7. The Of Gazette publishes a royal ordinance reducing the duties on the import of corn. Another ordinance reduces by one half the charge of carriage of corn on the railway from Genoa to Turin. This last measure is temporary. The Tuscan government has just promulgated a new municipal law. RUSSIA. The Russian government has obtained permission to navigate the Chinese river Love. This concession throws open the three Mantchou provinces, and shortens by two-thirds the journey from the Russian possession. in America to Irktask. ST. PETERSBURG, Sam 26. An imperial ukase forbids any young men under twenty-one years of age to leave the states of the Czar under any pretence whatever. With regard to other persons, the facility of travelling in foreign countries is subject to new restrictions. AMERICA. ARRIVAL OF OF THE STEM (mom out ow:t CORI NIAGARA. NT.) LIVERPOOL, Sun DST. The Royal Mail steam-ship Niagara, Capt. Leitch, arrived in the Mersey about one o'clock to-day with the usual mails from the United States and British North America. The Niagara left Boston on the 28th, and Halifax early on the 30th ult., and has brought, besides the mails, about 5.5 passengers, and 180,000 dollars in specie on freight. The Cunard screw steam-ship Andes, from hence and Boston, arrived at Ncw York on the 20th ult. The Royal Mail steamer America, from hence on the 17th for Halifax and Boston, arrived at the former port on the 29th ult. The usual mail steamer from San Joan had arrived at New York with California dates to the lit of Sep tember. She brought a million and a half dollars' worth of gold dust, on freight and in the hands of passengers. The principal feature of news in the journals is details of depredations committed by the Indians, with frequent murders. The commercial intelligence from San Francisco is of an unfavourable character. Trade was extremely dull, in consequence of over-shipments from the Atlantic states. At the latest dates from New Orleans the ravages of the yellow fever had so rapidly subsided, that the daily reports of deaths from the pestilence had ceased to be pablished. At Mobile the fever had also continued to decrease in virulence. On the plan tations, and in various towns of Louisiana and Mississippi, however, the epidemic still continued very severe. At the departure of the Niagara business at New York was brisk; but the stock market had become further depressed. Exchange on London was firm at 1091 to 1091 ; Paris, 5.121 to Ili; Hamburg, 361 to 361; Bre men, 791 to SO. In cotton there was but little doing. Holders, however, did not press sales, and this, added to con tinued complaints from the cotton•growing districts of the injury to the young plants from nix and cattcrpillars, sustained prices. The transactions effected were at the following quotations:—Yew Orb ns and Mobile, mid fair to fair, lite. to 12;c. per lb.; Uplands, mid fair, to fair 111 c. to 12c. per lb. The market for breadstuff* was rather quiet, and transactions were to rather a moderate extent. Holders were waiting the arrival of further advices from England. Prices were reported as follows : Western Canal Hour, 6 dub. 26c. to 6 dols. 371 c. per barrel, steady ; Genneasee prime wheat, 1 dol. 46c. to 1 dol. 48e. per GO lbs. ; Southern wheat, I dol. 38c. to 1 doL 40e. per 69 lbs.; Indian corn, round yellow, 82c. to 84c. per bushel, steady ; Indian meal, 3 dole. 75c. to 3 dole. 871 c. per barrel. The provision market was in a healthy state, and at former prices a good deal of business had been doe. Freights remained unchanged at the steamer's departure, the asking rates being—Flour to Liver pool, 2s. Gd. to 2s. 9d. per barrel ; grain, 81d. to 9d. per bushel; cotton, 3-113 d. to Id. per lb. THE LAWSON OBSERVATORT.—A deputation from tho committee at Nottingham, appointed to carry out the above object, has waited upon Mr. Lawson, at Bath, for the purpose of requesting that gentleman to allow a longer period to elapse fur raising the required sum than was at first decided upon. Me Lawson nu consented to extend the time of his offer for several weeks longer, in conse quence of which the Observatory Fund has this week re- CtiVed an impulse by osvoral handsome subscriptions. SWITZERLAND. The government of ileo has called a company of troops under arms, in consequence of certain revo lutionary manifestations, hut tranquillity has not been disturbed. Colonel Bourgeois has gone from Lugano to Bellinzona. SPAIN. A telegraphic despatch from Madrid, dated Oct. 6, says an amnesty in favour of the press was spoken of on the occasion of the Queen's birthday. The Queen, attended by her court, went on the 3rd to the church of Mocha, to pray for a happy issue to her present condition. This religious cere mony attracted the whole population, but her Ma jesty's reetption is described as being cold in the extreme. Narvaez has written to say that he shall soon he in Madrid, and that after a short stay he intends to go to TrOj % for his health. His friends, however, seem to think he will wait at Aranjuez for the meeting of the Cortes. The Espana announces that M. Escano has re signed the post of Governor of Ciudad Real, to which ho was nominated by the Lersundi Cabinet. M. Galiano, minister at Lisbon, had also offered his re signation, but it was not accepted. ITALY. ROMAN STATES. ROME, SEPT. 30. The immediate excitement of the conspiracy having passed away, Rome has now returned to its habitual state of political dulness, church ceremonies and the movements of his Holiness being the only occurrences to attract public attention, and furnish materials for the grave discussions of the official journal. Yesterday, being the festival of St. Michael, the Pope repaired in state to the extensive hospital dedi cated to that saint, where ho was received by the protector and director of the establishment, Cardinal Testi, and visited the exhibition of manufactures and works of art produced by the different classes of pupils now being brought up to professions and trades. The display was extremely creditable. His Holiness then stepped upon a balcony, overlooking the Tiber, and imparted his blessing to the papal troops drawn up on the quay, and to the papal navy, consisting of five small steamers, anchored in the centre of the river, decked out with flags, and firing their swivels incessantly during the whole ceremony. The prison department appears to have been the only one in the establishment which did not obtain the honour of a visit from his Holiness, but as the pri soners are entirely political offenders, it is probable that the interview would have been equally unpala table to both parties. The accounts of cholera in England have alarmed the sanitary authorities of his Holiness. A notifica tion was published at Civita Vecchia by the Board of Health, dated on the 25th inst., imposing quarantine on arrivals from Great Britain, especially mentioning Liverpool as subject to twelve days for vessels, and twenty-one days for merchandise, in consequence of cholera having broken out in the United Kingdom. This regulation has already come into effect, and will fall heavily upon the first arrivals, who, of course, left England before the malady had shown itself. The British merchant schooner Candidate, of Sal cumbe, Capt. Forbes, sailed from Liverpool, on the 22nd August with a mixed cargo, there having been then no indication of cholera in England. The ves sel arrived at Civita Veccia on the 27th Sept., and was immediately placed under the full rigour of the decree published on the 25th, whereas she would have enjoyed tree pratique if she had arrived only one day prior to that date, and it appears absurd now to subject her to a long quarantine if the intention of the decree be merely to prevent the introduction of the epidemic, which, of course, could not be brought from England before it had burst out there, the ship having sailed with a clean bill of health a fortnight before any cases of cholera had manifested themselves at Liverpool. These reflections led the British pro consular agent here, Mr. Ercole, to endeavour to obtain an exemption from the quarantine in favour of the Candidate, and a mitigation of thequarantine itself for other vessels, by representing the serious commer cial inconveniences arising from so protracted a delay. The sanitary authorities, however, decided that the Candidate is to observe the quarantine, but that the term will be reduced in future to ten days, as well for vessels as merchandise. The merchandise is to be disembarked at the lazzaretto, which will be a fresh source of inconvenience, for almost all the locali ties of that establishment are occupied with the stores of the French army, and it will take some time for the papal authorities to have new buildings erected. The new postal convention between the French and Roman governments comes into force to-morrow (Ist October), according to which we can in future prepay or leave unpaid our letters to France and England. The entire postage of a letter to or from Great Britain weighing 7i grammes is fired at 26 baiocs (13 pence), which is a reduction of nearly a third upon that previously paid here on receiving a letter, without calculating what was previously paid in England by the sender. A telegraphic despatch from Turin, dated Sunday, Oct. 9, announces that the Pontifical government has prohibited the exportation of wine, and extended until September, 1854, the exemption from duty, ac corded to foreign wines imported into the Roman States by Civita Vecchia. TUSCANY. A letter from Florence of the 2nd, in the Par/o metsto of Turin, states that the measure of expelling all political refugees from Tuscany having been mooted iu political circles, the Austrian military com mandant had disapproved of it, so that the idea has been abandoned. PIEDMONT. The Corriere Mercantile of Genoa, of the 3rd, an nounces the arrest in that town on the preceding day of about 20 political refugees. The Divisionary Council of Genoa has voted an address to the Piedmontese government, recommend ing the suspension of the duty on corn and flour. The tribunal of first instance of Genoa has ac quitted the editor Moretti (who had printed M. Mazzini's last pamphlet on the insurrection of Feb. 6, at Milan), on the ground that there had been no clandestine circulation of it. The Tuscan Motailore, of the 30th ult., publishes a decree suspending the duty on flour of every kind, from whatever quttrter it may come. The Pan'a meat,' of Turin of the 4th has tile follow. ing :—" The Genoa papers speak of arrest- ..f retu gees. We have been assured that respectable ra t ,. gees have nothing to fear. The government persi s t s iu the intention of maintaining inviolate the asylum granted to all those who arc not accomplices in at. tempts of a nature to endanger the state, or in oth er •, 1 crimes. _ The Italia e Parala of Genoa states that lfl person s have been arrested at Niodcna for political motives in the course of the last fortnight. GERMANY. The .4149sburg Allyensetne Leann!' has a long article on the subject of the present position of Ans. tria, and her relations to Russia in the Riesu-Turco question, which very well represents the sentiments entertained by the courtiers of the Emperor Francis Joseph towards England. The writer alleges that during her political distresses in 1848 and 1849, the conduct of England was such as to justify Austria in preferring an intimate alliance with the Czar, who proved himself a " friend in need," to the old tradi. tional alliance with the cabinet of St. James's. It ' plainly stated that Austria's confidence in the sincere friendship of England has been forfeited by th e policy pursued by the latter power in sup port of the Italian and Hungarian revolutions; and that Austria will not be easily entrapped into the snare of an alliance with the Western l'owers against the Auto ere of the North, if, unhappily, the Oriental question should lead to a European war. The Post :Inapt Gay.ite of Frankfort, treating a few days ago of an event then expected, but since accomplished, says:—" We learn front a source worthy of credit that the conference which com menced at Olmutz will be contiuued at Warsaw. A s far as regards the mission given to the Prince of Prussia at Olmutz, it had nu relation to the Eastern, question; the prince only appeared there as a general charged with the federal inspection. The fact that Count d'Arnim, Prussian ambassador at Vienna, was not present at Olmutz sufficiently proves what we say. It is not, therefore, astonishing that the con ferences at Olmutz have not led to any end, rstand ing of the three powers as to the eventual plan they are to pursue on the Eastern question, and it is pro bable that the conferences at Warsaw sill take place for that object.' The Weser Gazette announces that the Emperor of Russia and the Emperor of Austria intend ad dressing a manifesto to all the Christian powers of Europe. Generally, it may be observed, the German press takes for granted, as a thing not to he doubted, that, in the event of a war, Austria will be found by the side of Russia. The Notwelliste of Hamburg, however, affirms that, in ease of war, Austria will Hot the less use ;her good offices, and maintain a strictly neutral position, and that Prussia Mill follow her example. RUSSIA. -•- We read in the IVbat,;—" Important news has arrived from St. Petersburg of advantages gained by the Russian troops on the Asiatic fr..ntier of the empire. Thu taking of the fortress of Akmetsh, on the ricer Indaria, in Turkestan, cannot but augment Russian influence in central Asia. The Kirghisees beyond Sudaria have recognised Russian supremacy ever since the time ut the Emperor Alexander. The inhabitants of the Steppes of Southern Turkestan have made numerous incursions into the northern districts. The Khan of Khiva hastened to adhere to Russia as soon as he received the news of the taking of Akmetsh. A gigantic project is in preparation, that of joining the Caspian Sea to the Lake Aral by means of a canaL" NEIV FRENCH CUSTOMS RSOULATIOAS. Board of Trade, Whitehall, Oct. 7, 18.53. The Right Honourable the Lords of the Com mittee of the Privy Council for Trade and Plantations have received through the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, the annexed copies of three decrees from her 31 ajedy's Am bassador at Paris; the first modifying, until the 31st of July next, the customs duties on Hour, dry vegetables, mad Indian corn, in the French colonies of Martinique, Bourbon, Guadeloupe, and Senegal ; the second prolonging the period of the suppression of differential duties on corn and floor imported into France in foreign ships; and the third prohibiting the exportation of potatoes and dry v ogetables, until 31st July, 1854.—8 y order, J. EMERSON 'rENNENT. NAPOLEON, Par la grace dc Dieu et la vulonte nationale, Empereur des Francais, A tons present' et a venir, saint : Sur la rapport de notre Mini Are Secret:tire d'Etat as Departement de is Marine tt des Colonies, et de note hlinistre Seeretaire d'Etat au Dipartement de l'Agricul ture, du Commerce et des Travaux Pablics, Avons deerete et (Reckons ce qui suit: Art. ler. A partir du ler Oetohre prochain jusqu'sn 31 Jolliet, 18.54, le tarif des douanes sur les cereeles dens la colonies dc is Martinique, de la Guadeloupe, tie File de la Reunion et du Senegal, sera modifie de Is maniere suiventter Ferule de Renault '' fr. c. par 100 Lilog. Ugusses mos 25 a,. I j en tari en grainnses l ocar m 0. 5 1 hectolitre. Art. 2. Noe Mioiatres Sectetaires d'Etat au Departement de la Marine et des Colonic', au IMpartemcat de l'Agri culture, du Commerce et des Travaux Publics, an Depute ment des Finances soot charge", chacun en ce qui le mar cerae, de l'execution du prdseat acret. Fait au Falais de Saint-Cloud, le 30 Septembre, 1&53. NAI'OLEON. Par l'Empereur : Le Mmistre Secretaired'Etat Le Ministre Seeretaired'Etat au Departement de la Ma- au Departement de l'Agri rine et des Colonies, culture, du Commerce et des Travaux Publics, THEODORE DI:COS. MAOIO. NAI.OLION, Paris, le lee Oetobre. Par la grace do Dieu et la volonte nationale, Empertat des Frei:le:tie, . . . A sous presents et 5. venir, ' , Mut : Avon, decrete et (litre:tins ce qui suit: Art.l er. Le Mai file au 31 Decembre, 1833, par le di cret du 3 Acfit dernier, qui supprime tetnporairement la surtaxe de navigation etablie sur les importatious de grab* et ferines effectuees par tons uavires strangers, etpsr le decret du 18 du mem mole, qui modifie les conditions d'ios portends dee grain. et felines et autres denreesalimcataires, ! est proroge jusqu'au 31 Juillet, 1834. Art. 2. Nos Ministres Secretaires d'Etat sa Departement de l'Agriculture, du Commerce, et des Travaus. Publics et en Departement des Finances, soot charget , , chacun ea co qui le concerns, de Fexecution dtt present deertt, qui sera publie au Bulletin des lois. Fait au Palais de Saint-Cloud, le 1 er Octobre, 1833. NAPOLEON. Par FEmpereur: Ls Ministre Secretair• d'Etat au De partement de I'Agriculture, du Commerce, et dee Travaux Publics, MAGNI. NAPOLEON, Par la grace de Dieu et la volonte nationale, Empties: des Freeceis, A toms presents eta venir, salut : Sur le rapport de notre Ministre Secrtlaire d'E.et au Departement de t'Agriculturc, du Commerce c t des Tra vaux Publics • Axone diorite et decretons ce qui suit: Art. ler. L'exportation des ponsmes de terre et des legumes secs est prohibee jusqu'au 31 Juillet, lx 14. Art. 2. Nos Mtnistres Seeretaires d'Etat nu Departemeut de l'Agrkulture, du Commerce et des Travaux Publics, et an Departement des Finances sent charges, chacun en ee qui le concerne, de l'execution du present decret, qui sen immediatement imprime et attitbe dans tons les d. parte meats frontieres, pour y e!re appliqué a compter du jour de is ate publication, contbrmensent aux ordonnances royales des 27 Novembre, ISI6, et 18 Janvier, 1817. Fait au Palais de Saint Cloud, le 1 er Octobre, NAI.OLEON. it l'Empereur : Le ?Colette Secrttaire d'Etat au Di partement de l'Agriculture, du Commerce, et dea Travaui Pub:ics, MAGNE. THE GOVERNMENT DOCKYARD SIIIPWRIGHTS.•-• In the Express of a week since was inserted a notice o a co operative emigration scheme supported by the ship wrights of the government dockyards It was then stated t'.at the project had been warmly taken up at Woolwich and Portsmouth, and that a meeting in furtherance of the same was about to be held in Devonport. That meeting took place on Friday evening at the Temperar.cc Foro•street, Devonpart, for the purpose of forming a branch association of the National Emigration, Colonisation, and Investment Society, and to assist shipwrights to emigrate. The meeting was called by a committee and there were about five hundred shipwrights present. Mr. bletheral was requested to take the chair, and having bristly intro- duced the subject of the meeting, Mr. J. Cripps moved the first resolution ; " That this meeting viewing with grea t satisfaction the improvement in the commercial world, be lievi that with the co-operation of the shipwrights they mat greatly improve their present condition, and therefore re alive that they form themselves into a branch of the N,; tional Emigration, Colonisation, and Investment Slciety. —Mr. Bray briefly seconded the resolution, which was Imes nimously adopted. A committee having some questions were put to the chairman relative to the rules of the society, but it was stated that they were not yet o complete, and it would be a subject for the consideration i it the Branch Association, should be formed. The meeJ e lf then separated. b een appointed, 4-~