The Express. — London, England, 1846-09-18 00:00:00

he erairtlSS. MAILS. The mans for Gibraltar, Malts, Greece, the lonian Islands, Egypt, Aden, Ceylon, India, liong-Kong, and China, via Sauthamptam, will be made up on the morning of the 21st inst. The overland closed mula, via Masataka, to the Mediterranean, Egypt, Aden, Ceylon, India, -Kong, An, will be made up on the wrenlng of the 24th Inn. The malls for Corunna, Vigo, Oporto, Lisbon, Marietta, Gediz, and Gibraltar, will be made an on the Seth inst. The malls for New South Wales, Ike., will berm& UP an the mail* d the Seth inst. The West India malls, including those for Mexico, Honduras, and Havens, will be made up on the morning of the Id October. The mails for British North America, Bermuda, and the United States, will be made up on the evening of the lid October. The mails for Madeira, Brazils, Buenos Ayres, Monte Video, ke., will be made up on the evening of the sth October. TO CORRESPONDENTS. We moot notice, In any way, any communication that is sent to r snosymoudy; bullrings who chows to address as in confident* will Ind theirsonftdenoe respected. RUINER CAN WE UNDERTAKE TO RETURN ANT MANUSCRIPTS WHATEVER. 0 .• Advertisements Intended for The Erpress must be at the &Bixby Two tidal on the day of publication. RION WATER AT LONDON-11111DOIL Tun MT.—Morning, 28 nut. past 0; Afternoon, 40 pest S. Toatosaow.—, 8 inn. pest I ; Afternoon, 37 Eli& prt I . LONDON, FRIDAY, SEPT. 18. • MR. HUDSON, THE " TIMES," AND THE "DAILY NEWS." WE have no wish to come between the Railway Potentate and the Thunderer. It is a very pretty quarrel as it stands. The public is likely to benefit by the contest, whatever hidden causes may lie at the bottom of it. This is our principal concern. We will not assert that the fares are higher on Mr. HUDSON'S lines than on any others. We suspect indeed, on close inquiry, that the reverse might be found to be the case. But what a curious reasoner this very suc cessful speculator seems to be. While he proclaims the principle of the profit of low fares, observe how he argues against it. British capitalists, he says, have provided this country with 4,000 miles of railway; the French system, till lately, bad only provided France with 300 miles of railway; therefore our fares should be higher than those of France. We should have inferred directly • the reverse. Abundance is commonly a great cheap ener. When capital, machinery, and workpeople are so combined as to produce 13i times more of an article in one locality than in another, Mr. HUDSON, it would seem, calculates that a higher price should be charged in proportion. Demanded it might be ; but it could not long be obtained. Mr. HUDSON him self chews this by not demanding it. If got at all, it must be by means of a legally enforced and perni cious monopoly, which the public would cry out against, and eventually procure its abolition. The number of miles constructed is an odd measure of the merit of capitalists, and of their title to a money payment for that merit. Shareholders have speculated for profit, like other people. The aggregate length of lines illustrates their hopes, and not their virtues. If the outlay was foolish, their folly has no claim to reward. If judicious, it will repay itself. They meant to take dividends, not to make donations. Besides, if there be merit in making so many miles of rail, there is yet more merit in working them safely as well as cheaply. That virtue will bring its own reward. Is it a virtue to which Mr. Ilensom may in every case lay claim ? We doubt it. We have travelled in kis Majesty's railway dominions, and, setting aside the question of prices, in which he would seem to be unfairly accused, we have had in portions of them practical experience of gross irregularities, and mani fest want of consideration for the comfort of passengers. The Times echoes a widely felt opinion in attributing those defects mainly to a desire of swelling dividends by cutting down expenses. The complaints of pas sengers find a vent through the Times' columns. It is well for the sufferers that they have a channel so accessible, which carries their griefs through so wide an empire of publicity, and gathers the scattered tribute of isolated remonstrances into an irre sistible stream of popular opinion. If in performing this useful service, the Times has unconsciously admitted ungrounded complaints and exaggerated statements, Mr. HUDSON has, through the same agency, his remedy. Like the spear of Acmixes, the Press both wounds and heals. The accusation invites the answer. We cannot suppose any motive for giving circulation to the charge, but the desire of producing reply or reformation. In this view, the Times and Mr. Humor( are very fairly matched. We should as soon have thought of encountering a collision of two of the largest engines of the York and North Midland, as of coming between such high-pressure antagonists. But we have un happily furnished the one with an illustration, and suggested anapprehension to the other. It is with a wish to reassure the Times that we notice what, as a personal matter, we should in any less peculiar case have left without comment. The Times charges Mr. Humor; with monopoly. Mr. HUDSON flings back the acclimation on the Times. The Times rejoins by assailing the grounds of the charge, and with some show of reason as we think. For, if Mr. HUDSON pleases, he may enact the Times, while reproaching it, on his own lines; but where is the North Midland Daily News? Where are even its Chronicle, Herald, and Post? To complete the parallel, there should be a competing line at half fares; and sundry others charging less for (advertisement) luggage. It is all very well for Mr. HUDSON to tell the public that "the old means of conveyance is still open, and the pub lic can avail themselves of it if they think proper." Pos sibly the great north road may be still in existence. It is not ploughed up yet. But where are the stage coaches ? Where the homes to draw them, the coach men to drive them, the guards to guard them, and the inns for them to stop and bait at ? They arc open, indeed, the old roads ; and so is a dead man's mouth, but nothing goes into it. They are open; so is the air; and a balloon goes up a little way now and then, solitary as a forlorn postchaise along the once rattling road. Practically, the public have lost their old ways ; though a few primitive Conservatives yet stand and look out for them. We think, therefore, that, with no disposition to lower its pretensions as against its morning contemporaries, the Times may very fairly feel that the proportion is hardly—" As railroad to coach, OD is Times to every other morning paper." This would be too much, even for our con temporary's well known power of striving with its modesty. Mr. HUDSON has no possible opposition to fear. The Times does not fear, but recognises an existing opposition. THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, SEPTENISITR - 1k 1846. 2 gIImm.VESEND; ROCIIESTER, RIM INO PAPSIV . MY KES."-4Kleillitilltallik and stotloper. Na. 0. Ilarsor-obeit. 4112011.511 • Rocs arm, begs to Worm the viNtivilfewiseart, lloctootor. sod tltstrytoluttioo, suriorly Mims Tsa Evian " atortpaptr on no Immo Poutact- VIOL as in tam luau°. no. SP „OUNTHY NEWS AGENTS. ” THE mums^ supplied, either by Train or Mad, by B. WINN, .3, _ Holywell.street, Strand. Agents will dad our dderable ad art are tages Lsending timer urden to R. Winn. Newspaper parcels now cceveyed by Railway for half the carriage at other panes. .c,XPRESS.—THOMAS MUDIE & SONS beg to state that they forward " Ths Express" by evening AA sad, to ensure reirderiry in the supply, they print the address et their customers, wen ordered for a quarter or half-year. A re fulgence of lfe. 6d. win pay for a quarters ' " Yawls," aid will be promptly acknowledged. lf tidies Newspaper 13, Coventry street, London (established 30 years). ORDERS for TH E EXPRESS p unctuall y V supplied b TitELtWNEY WM. SAUNDERS, Stationer and Agent for " The 8, Charing-crow London, co receipt of Postelloe orders far the subscription of 13s. 6d. for three months, or Uh for six montlw. Tint COIMMT 'rasps SUPPLIRD. T EXPRESS regularly posted at 183. per In agewnsr In whows^or IL In per quarter credit • THE DAILY V grad 121 wwwiwit man at ISs. per quarter in *dhow, or 17s. Id. Noe quarter gnat Lamming sus at tan per quarter In advance, at 14a. per eplartaT em ada gt.in ietnallea 'pal I.on Weekly and other W a yard, re t=kw, Luba. HY SKIM, News Agent, 2, LONDON EVENING PAPER, THE HXPRESIL—GEOROE HOWES and Oa., 7, Mares-inn. Ater% Load" print on the corer the &actresses of those who Amer theta with their order. for halt e Tsar. Pae‘cdioe orders un stedletely aarreowledged. A quarter, 19s. et; half-year, 11. 19.. Ts. Onenmor Tatou SUPPLJEI. THE EXPRESS.—Orders punctually attended to at THOMAS HERRETTS Newspaper Ofess, 7, St. Joiesequare Locate. sitabliehed thirty.are yews. goblet-10one be &deuce, 1191. NI. per ;muter, oa • emcee COPY wo.t. II roaw•wea ILIONIABOII 'OS Tin= PORASI 'TAJO'S. Mr. HUDSON contends that if he is bound to (Mut:. vey passengers at a lower rate, the Times' proprietary is bound to furnish its customers with a cheaper paper. In proof that the thing can be done, Mr. Humor; quotes the instance of the Daily News. The Times of yesterday comments on the illustration. " There is no field whatever in which there is so much competition, and that of so desperate and ruinous a charac ter, as that of the public press. Every month—nay, every_ week—produces a new campctitOr. Mr. Hudson himself proves it. He instance% a newspaper which prams' to give all that is expected from a daily mor nin g paper at half the price. He does more than instance it. He wishes " a chap Cpper" success, though it is a matter of the sim p lest calcu on, of which Mr. Hudson must be aware, that the degree of cheapness he desires and indicates by the example he has selected, is absolutely incompatible, we do not say with a fair profit, but even with solvency, unless the unavoidable deficit of the pecuniary speculation should be made up in some very peculiar and anomalous way. It may pay, perhaps, with a certain sort of management, to distribute a newspaper gratis ; but, when the puhlie does not pay, there must be another paymaster somewhere." We thank the Times for that characteristic courtesy which throws the veil of the anonymous over this melancholy picture. " I will not mention the gentle man's name," said SHERIDAN, after bringing a charge of peculation against Prrr, " because he is now Chancellor of the Exchequer." The Times drops our designation, because we are the only morning paper published at half-price. We are not quite satisfied, however, with the description given of us. We not only "profess to give all that is expected from a daily morning paper at half the price" but we give it. The Times itself has not been too proud to appropriate occasional information from our columns. We have some recollection of early India Mails, furnished in a half price edition ; of important public papers anticipated in a half-prise contemporary ; of full-price expresses, outstripped by half-priett agency. We do not allude to these things boastfully; but to show that something may be done, as well as professed, at " half-price." We have also to thank the Times for a very preg nant warning of the effects we may anticipate from perseverance in our half-price system. It is, we are assured, " absolutely incompatible, we do not say with a fair profit, but even ivith solvency, unless the un avoidable deficit of the pecuniary speculation should be made ap in some very peculiar and anomalous way." Of course this is a warning, and not an insinuation. The writer is trumpeting a palpable fact to us ; not whispering a secret to the public. The assurance is meant to check our imprudence, not to damage our credit. We are grateful for the intention. But the Times may be at ease. We have no fears on the score of solvency. We not only intend to serve the public, but to serve ourselves, by our reduction in price. We do not pretend to vie with the Times in public spirit. We did calculate the cost be fore embarking in the speculation ; contemptible as such a coarse may appear when newspapers are judged by that standard of high disinterestedness to which the Times can so properly appeal. The projectors of this half-priced paper am not madmen nor knaves. Its proprietors have solid interests at stake. They have not hitherto gone on the principle of originating speculations " absolutely incompatible with solvency." Their means of insuring solvency may appear " anomalous" to the Times, but, we hope, are not " peculiar" to the:Daily News. They resolve themselves into the old economic princi ple of increasing profit by lowering price, and so enlarg ing demand. Low prices bring wide circulation. A wide circulation is accompanied by advertisements. Does not the Times know this ? Its " unless" in the sentence we have repeated drags forth a conscious" malefactor" in the sentence that follows. "It may pay, perhaps, with a certain sort of management, to distribute a paper gratis; but, when the public does not pay, there must be another paymaster somewhere." Why, the Times knows that such papers exist, and are profit able; and how much the better should it know that, where a paper is not given away, but sold, and sold at a price which yields a profit on the material outlay of every single copy, the facilities of like success are more abundantly in reach. Did it desire further information on this head, we might probably have ventured to refer it to its own supplements. Mr. HUDSON seems to think them, by the way, rather extravagant " paymasters." He complains of exorbitant advertisement charges. He has aot extended his speculations to that of a cheap daily paper, or he might have had to complain of advertisements absolutely excluded, and the money (though already taken) unceremoniously returned. But the competition in this field, though the Times affects to think that every week brings forth some rival (every half century would be nearer the mark), does not tempt even such enterprise as that of Mr. HUDSON. To achieve what we have aimed at, and the success we have attained, requires something more than the lowering of price. Excellence and attractiveness of another kind must accompany it. For this we are content to appeal quietly but con- fidently to our brief past. Perhaps our notion of the means to newspaper suc cess may, in some degree, differ from that of the Times. A widely established staff of commercial and political correspondents; an able editorial phalanx; a well practised parliamentary corps; active couriers; well organized expresses; clearly printed and well arranged columns; all these are obvious sources of circulation and profit. But there are others, less apparent but as weighty. Such are, a well defined apprehension of principles ; an honest determination to speak the truth, with as little 'sense of fear, as of pique, prejudice, or personality ; a consistency mea sured not by parties, but by the truths which par ties imperfectly embody; an independence of private and oblique influence ; and an abstinence from all viru lence in attack and all unfair imputation in reply. These are qualities which cost nothing, but the absence of them is sometimes inconveniently felt. They are not included in the schedule of a newspaper's expenses, but in the long run they tell upon its for tunes. It has been our object to unite both classes of appliances; and hitherto we have not found the public slow to recognise or respond to our effort. Response and recognition have been beyond our most daring anticipations. We count by thousands where we formerly counted by hundreds. We again assure the Times, with thanks for its well-meant warning, that on the ground of " solvency" there is no occasion to be apprehensive for our interests. In serving ourselves we believe we serve the public. Why should newspapers be exempt from the law which says that advancing civilization shall be marked by an increase in the power, and a reduction in the expense of production? High price creates virtual monopoly. There are five high-priced morn ing newspapers. For the man who cannot pay the price, the exclusion from a daily journal is as com plete as any monopoly can effect. Then comes the half-price paper ; without any absurd profession of eelf-sacrifice, but with the belief that what is for the interests of the many, is always, by wisest provision, for the interests of the one. It affirms the principle that newspapers are for the people and not for a class. It protests against the worst of practical monopolies. It appeals to wide and honourable competition in the public service. It relies for profit, not on the wealth of the few, but on the interest and sympathy of the many. Like railway locomotion, it aims at transforming a luxury into a necessary of life. Like that, too, we of the Daily News have striven to lower the cost without lowering the quality. Our carriage ran on the fivepenny road before we trans ferred it to the twopenny-halfpenny rail ; it com peted with the old stagers, and was found worth double what we now charge for it. There are no Hudsonian savings in our machinery, to which the reader can point and say, " We take our change out of that." Let Mr. HUDSON trust our experience. " He does not want the 7itnes to reduce their paper to twopenoe-halfpenny." We do. Our hope is, to pull them all down to a people's price. Therefore, we repeat, our price and our profit are a principle. Newspapers for Me many, is our motto. The cheapening of newspapers belongs to that great orseirdl rteoftleiriat>whieh inetafiew Steam-, Ilaslw!sys t . gdd a Pert Poaktge. IE partakes of their brasfievnt aiMateihl t ri 19hatever the • opiaiogs' of Atom by whom the first advance is niade, - the fact of that advance is an act of homage to the rights,. of , advantage to this *meets, ! I'M of 00-oparatioo.in the progress of** misamfity. 4 --Daily News. - Tar island of Ceylon was . wrested from the Dutch in 1796, and permanently ceded to the English at the peace of Amiens. It has been a British possession for half a century. Yet during the whole of that long period, its masters have never found time to intro duce a rational and equitable system of taxation. The methods of taxation introduced by the Dutch and the King of KANDY have been prorisionally retained. Ceylon has been kept fifty years under an interim system of finance administration ; a system which engrafts upon all that is arbitrary and oppressive in the exactions of indigenous despotism, all that is cramping to industry and enterprise in the old Dutch theory of commercial politics. The public income of Ceylon for 1844 was £444,318, or nearly half a million. Nearly one half of this sum is made up of the following items : - - - Export Duty on Cinnamon £53,197 Tax upon rice farms Duty on impoatisd eiee Land Customs (duties levied upon goods at ferries and bridges) Salt monopoly 41,898 Cinnamon is the staple produce of the island; the export duty payable on it amounts to about 75 per cent. of its value. Rice is the staple food of all classes, the sole food of the poorer classes, yet every native who puts a plough into the ground to grow rice is taxed; and on every bushel of rice imported from the coast of India (where it costs from 2s. to 2s. 6d. a bushel), a tax of 7d. is levied on landing. The "paddy tax" varied originally in different localities, and in different circumstances, from one-half to one-fourth, one-filth, one-tenth, or one-fourteenth of the produce. Till 1828 it was levied by an annual assessment of the crop of each harvest; since that year the assessment has, in most districts, been commuted for an annual payment of a given quantity of grain. This change was only gradually introduced, and is not yet uni versally adopted. The tax is not only injudicious in respect of its incidence, but arbitrarily and irregu larly apportioned. Not contented with discouraging the produc tion of food, and increasing its price, govern ment has established a monopoly in its own favour of the principal condiment used along with it. The I insipid pabulum, rice, notoriously requires a larger average admixture of salt than most other kinds of food. Government monopolises the manufacture of salt, which costs it 3d. per bushel, as delivered by the makers, and is retailed by it at 2s. 6d. a bushel. No salt can be imported except under special license from the governor. It is penal to scrape up the natural salt from the sea shore, lest it should inter fere with the tribute. Then, as if it were not enough to discourage the staple produce of the island by exces sive taxation, and to make food scarce and dear by the same process, the financial system of Ceylon appears to have been framed with a view to obstruct and repress internal intercourse. Exorbitant " cus toms" are levied at all bridges and ferries, and the proceeds applied (at least until very lately, and not even now necessarily) to the maintenance of roads. The system of exacting heavy tolls at all ferries and halting places, the worst abuse of the feudal age in Europe, still prevails in Abyssinia and Persia; but the only country subject to a Christian and civilised power, in which we are aware of its being kept up in this age, is the English colony of Ceylon. The remaining items of the Ceylon budget are scarcely so bad as those we have enumerated ; but there is scarcely one of them which may not be objected to in respect of its tending to discourage and repress productive industry. Looking, however, only to those which have been passed in review, is it not dis creditable to the British government that fifty years have been allowed to elapse without any attempt to improve a system of taxation, which takes money for permission to grow the labourer's food, which compels the labourer to buy at a monopoly price from govern ment that salt without which his food is unpalatable and but half-nourishing, and which exacts duties on the staple produce of the island, and on all internal truffle, so heavy as to have almost the appearance of fining the producers and merchants for being industrious and enter prising? But it is too weak an expression to say that the British government has not attempted to amend the faulty system it found in operation. If the Dutch exacted heavy "land customs," they applied them to the construction and maintenance of canals and ferries, which under the British have been allowed to fall into disrepair. If the native governments exacted heavy tributes from the peasants who grew rice, they in return con structed tanks and artificial channels of irrigation, which even as ruins, amid the solitude of once fertile fields relapsed into forests, by their magnificence awaken a blush in the European visitor, who reflects that his eirilised rulers have allowed to vanish from remembrance the benevolent structures of those indi genous sovereigns they affect to look down upon. Native rulers taxed only lands continually irrigated : the English government, by its tax on "fine grains," extends its extortions to lands which cannot be irri gated, or do not need irrigation. We rejoice to learn, by the most recent intelligence from Ceylon, that there is at length a fair chance of the work of reform being begun. The government has at last become ashamed of taxing food grown on the island and food imported from abroad ; of taxing cinnamon near 75 per cent. on its value, and salt 1,000 per cent. The principal labour in this Herculean enterprise will devolve upon the new Secre tary, Sir JAMES EMERSON TENNENT. It is a noble though a difficult task that is assigned him. No half measure will avail. He has to expunge an old, absurd, and corrupt code of taxation, and substitute a rational I and equitable one in its place. We shall watch with interest the progress of the experiment. We have received by express the Paris journals of Wednesday, with our usual correspondence. A royal ordonnanee of the 11th instant confirms the promotion we have already announced of the Duke de Montpensier to the rank of major-general of artillery. The prices of bread for the second fortnight of September, in Paris, are fixed as follows :—First quality, 41 centimes per kilogramme, about 2d. per lb. ; second quality, 34 centimes per kilogramme, about lid. per lb. Two engineers, Messrs. Bineau and Pierrard have just been appoint ed by the government as permanent inspectors of the locomotives and wagons of the Great Northern Railway. It will be also their duty to report on the general management of the railway, and on accidents and delays. Lord Ashburton arrived at Cherbourg on Thursday. The prefect of naval affairs assigned an officer to his Lordship, who accompanied him in his visit over the dock-yard and establishment of that port. " The Marquis of Normanby," says Le Siiele "has presented to the French Secretary for Foreign Affairs a note from Lord Palmerston, to press upon him the alternative of relinquishing the port of Mayotte, oppo site to Madagascar, or of allowing the British govern ment to take permanent possession of Diego Suarez. The English Ambassador has also desired to know what were thedesigns of France on Madagascar. The Government papers suppress the fact that the French ministry will give their consent to the occupation of Diego Suarez by the English, and even the rights of the sovereignty of Fraam in Madagascar as an equivalent for the consent of the British cabinet to the marriage of the Dac de Mentpossier with the Spanish Infanta Louisa." The following is from the Slick : " A report was lately prevalent that the English had taken possession of the Bay of Viggo Suarez. We ob served on that occasion that this report, coming from Pondicherry, was probably only the echo of some news which had been circulated at Bourbon. We aro now better informed on the subject. The Foreign-office has signified to our Cabinet that it must evacuate moult to is ospi king% Briohi set ,the Il . arvis of note in% which alti,a demand is made with much Wiese, but in a most pres..ing manner. Lord Pldreeriton demands a speedy answer, England not wishing to remain in doubt as to the intentions of Primer respecting Madagascar. It it useless to observe that the directing authority has been much annoyed, and *Ten hut, at this note, which has disturbed the triumph of the grand-policy in Spain. Nevertheless, he quickly re ct.vered from his alarm It was not known what present could be offered to Engl and as an equivalent for the mar riage of the Duke de Montpensier. Diego-Suarez will be quietly surrendered, together with the rights of the sove reignty of France over Madagascar. We shall engage, more over, not to pursue Abd-el-Kader into Morocco. But can we pay too dearly for the good feeling of England and the honour of counting an Infanta amongst the daughter-in-laws of the King of the French ? La Prase, after animadverting upon the opposition papers, French and Spanish, for their declamations against the projected marriage of the Due de Mont penmer and the Infanta, adds the following : " Still it must be allowed that there are serious difficulties, grave objections in all that has been said and all that may occur in this matter. The two governments must have re fleeted ou them, and have duly weighed them, before they acted. Opinion requires to be informed, and we may possibly take this task upon ourselves; but we can at this moment assert that there is nothing in the question, considered either in its interior bearings or its European relations, which should prevent the Infanta's marriage ; and certainly no in ternational complication to be apprehended. The matter will, therefore, take its course in spite of all evil comments and loud menaces, and the sooner the better." The Constitutionel says It has been mentioned - that Prince Louis Napoleon had a•rived at Ostend, where he was to wait for authority to proceed to Italy. His sojourn in Belgium has not been of 1 ing duration; he arrived on the sth and again left on the 11th for Dover, and it is in England that he will receive the answer to the demand made by him to the Tuscan govern ment. The prince travels under the name of Count de Starbay." . - . A very numerous meeting of the partisans of free trade took place at Marseilles on the 11th. It was resolved that an association shall be formed, having for object " to promote by all legal means the reform of the tariffs of customs, the suppression of all restric tions on foreign or home trade, and the progressive modification of the prohibitive and protective laws up to their total abolition." Before the meeting separated a provisional committee, consisting of some of the most eminent merchants, with M. Luce, the Presi dent of the Chamber of Commerce, as their president, was appointed. The following, from the France, relates to the letters of M. Courby de Cognord, a prisoner in the hands of Abd-el-Kader ; " We have published the letter in which Commandant Courby de Cognord, a prisoner of Abd-el-Kader, points out the misery of his long captivity. Detained for II months under the tents of the Emir, piteously dragged about with his companions in misfortune in the suite of the Deira, M. Courby de Cognord in vain demands of the government of his country that it will deign to put an end to their cruel situation. We could have comprehended the conduct of the Minister of War in leaving our unfortunate countrymen in the power of the Emir, if their deliverance would have imposed on us sacrifices incompatible with the dignity and honour of the country. But what we cannot admit is, that their release should be still delayed, when the only thing required to effec it is the simple exchange of some insigni ficant pr.soners. Alxl-el•Kader only demands the re lease of some Arabs, and at that price he will restore to us M. Courby de Cognord and his unfortunate companions. It is, in truth, necessary to call to mind all the negligence with which affairs have been conducted in Africa for some years —all the indolence of the military dictatorship which rules that country—in order to account for conduct so careless and so inhuman. But whardoes this concern the Minister of War? He confides Algeria to Marshal Buguesal, who in return confides in no one, and thinks he has done enough when he puffed up his overweening vanity by some new fruitless expedition. This state of things becomes intolera ble. It is already too long since Marshal Bugeaud has Limited the colony in the true style of Louis XIV., and has , said to himself' L'Afrique, rest a It is in fact time that this conquest should become French greund, that the mother country should have its eyes on it, and make its beneficial influence more felt there. After the reign of the unintelligent sabre the reign of humanity should, it appears to us, commence in Atrica, and we think that our power would lose nothing by it." We have received the Alg'ers journals to the 10th inclusively. The following is from the Moniteur Algelrien of that day : " We stated in our last that Lieut.-General Bodeen had left Constantin& on the 21st ult., for the purpose of chastising the tribe amongst whom was committed the murder of the Kaid Lackhal, one of our best servants. The last mail from the Easthas brought us an aecountof the results of this short expedition. The principal persons of the tribe of the Beni- Ketits have been arrested, and a fine of 55,000 f. has been inflicted •n the tribe. A fraction of the Beni-Soughals, who, contrary to orders, had given an asylum to the Beni- Ketits, and had received their flocks and herds in order to conceal them from us, have been severely punished. An investigation has been commenced with a view to discover the authors of the murder, and give them up to justice." The same journal gives an account of a fine having been inflicted by the Commandant of Biskra upon a tribe which had clandestinely received some Arabs who had sought to evade the authority of the French. The state of Algeria generally is described as tran quil, and nothing is said to corroborate the rumours about new and important demonstrations by Abd-el- Kader. All the journals which appear in Algeria are one after the other compelled to suspend their publication. The editor of the Cottrrier d'Afrique announces that he has received an order to go each evening of his publication to the Directeur of the Interior to submit to him his number proposed for next day's issue. Of the first number submitted to this censorship the five first articles have been cancelled, and in consequence M. Bastide, the principal editor, has declared that he prefers not publishing, and thus his number of the 6th inst. is the last until the long promised ordonnance respecting the press shall appear. Our journals and correspondence of the II th inst., from Madrid, have duly come to hand. The Eco del Cowed° of that date devotes a leader to comments on the notes addressed by the British Ambassador to the Spanish Cabinet. This article is broken off in different places by blanks, and the Eco explains, in a note at the end, that this number having been seized by the authorities they were compelled, in order to I appear at all, to omit all that had been erased by the pen of the political chief. The principal paragraphs of this article are, in substance, that the two notes of Mr. Bulwer were both very energetic, but particularly the second, which is very significative, if, indeed, it do not pass the bounds or courtesy due to the Spanish nation. The Eng!ish Ambassador considers that in this affair there has not been sufficient respect paid to national influences, and puts his veto against the union with the Duc de Montpensier, " and as we have already said," concludes the Eco, " all the world knows the meaning of the veto of England." A letter from Madrid states, on the other hand, that Mr. Bulwer is still without instructions from his Government, and it is said that England has no in tention of opposing the views of Spain and France. Mr. Bulwer had, however, despatched a third note to Senor Istaritz, which contained merely general obser vations, dictated by his own sense of duty. It is supposed that this will be the last note M. bitaritz will have from the British ambassador on this point,unleas he receive further instructions from his Government. The French Ambassador sent on the 10th inst. to the President of the Council the official documents relative to the marriage of the Infanta with the Duke de Montpensier. It was still reported that the two fold union would be celebrated on the 10th of Oct. By a decree of her Majesty, henceforth the army of reserve is to consist of stxteen regiments, of three batallions each, with an additional batallion to those regiments quartered in the Balearic Isles. The corps and companies of the Veterans are dis banded. El Espanol quotes a letter from Catalonia, stating that a band of 300 men, inhabitants of the country, bad appeared in the environs of Solsana, who, under the command of Tristany, were awaiting reinforce ments. The soi-disant Colonel Pitxot, with 140 men, had already plundered several villages. At Iscona one Galeera, at the head of 80 men, had proclaimed Carlos VI., and several other villages were said to be on the point of rising. A letter from Cervera, dated the 7th instant, says there was "a report th at some Spanish Carlists, imitation of the Miguelites of Portugal, had taken up arms, but that any such crusade would be ridi culous, as the Carlists were not in a condition to effect anything, and they knew it. The letter adds that the Cure of Viacom had assumed the rank of colonel, having thirty men under his orders. In Lower Aragon three parties had been formed. At Palos there had been a meeting of priests, but their consul tations had been about anything but the interests of religion. A great number of Carlist officers are expected from France to open the campaign. MADRID, Barr. 10. 1 Spanish parties and Spanish organs hare done their utmost in the way of ',Training opinion on the marriage of the Infanta. You are aware that the Progreseistas have pub lished a declaration approving of the Queen's marriage to the Duke of Cadiz, but protesung against that of the Queen's sister to a French prince. They give their whole support to a marriage between the Infanta and Don Enrique. The Progressista opposition is, however, but that of opinion. A lifoderado opposition to the marriage has also come forward, repreeenttd by the Espanol as its organ. This paper has brought forward the treaty of Utrecht, and the renunciation of the house of Orleans to the throne of Bpain contained in that treaty. This once admitted (and it cannot be denied), there comes the 17th article of the constitution, forbidding any prince, excluded by law from the succession to the throne, occupying that throne by . marrying the heiress or occupant. The Duc de Montpenster is thus formally ex cluded. The Cabinet, the Court,and Monsieur Brenton have laboured to contravene this objection by their organs the Herald°, the imparcia/, and the Popular. Their argument is, that the Treaty of Utrecht does not exist, having been strangled by Mr. Gladstone and the Tory ministry, and that even if it did exist, it is not a political law. They deny that the Due de Montpensier can ever be King of Spain, and insist that his children can only become so, by right of their mother. The Espanol replies by citing the law promulgated by Philip the Fifth. For this monarch made the Treaty of Utrecht a law of the kingdom. If it be not a political law, nothing is. One of the most important points of the contro versy, as stated by the writer in the Espanol, who is an ex deputy to the Cortes, well known, is, that Austria's renun ciation of its rights and claims to the throne of Spain, are especially based on the House of Orleans making the same renunciation. Ihe marriage, therefore, of the Infanta at once releases Austria from its renunciation, and re-opens that struggle for the Peninsular crown, which deluged Spain with foreign as well as native blood. The renunciation of the house of Orleans is part of the Treaty of Utrecht. The 21st article declares: • "That the sovereign of Great Britain is obliged to see respected the stipulation contained in the act of renunciation of the French provinces." Great Britain, therefore, has constituted herself the guardian of Spanish independence from French sovereigns. And the English tories of the last century, the statesmen most attached to France, and most confiding in her, were the very persons to draw up and in sist upon these clauses. In despite of all this, M. Bresson, as you know, has re solved to push the marriage of the Infanta, and when he is asked, why he does not shrink from outraging England, his Excellency replies, that " war is impossible in the present state of Europe ; that serious quarrel greater than a bouderie between France and England is also impossible; and that whosoever is first to propose and execute a thing, is sure to do it, for prevention comes too late." Count Bresson represents the different position and character of the two countries. " England," he says, " dare not support a Cobourg. Frsnce dares enforce the marriage of her Prince. From the neces sary timidity of the English Government, neither previous resistance nor after vengeance is to be feared." We bear i.II this in Madrid, and can only reply with denegations and shrugs. If facts, on the part of England, do not disprove it, such arguments and assertions will remain graven like truth on men's minds. _ _ I am sorry to say, that everything depends upon what is done and said in London. If the Spaniards are abandoned bi the English government, they will quietly submit to the rench. The Cortes, you know, are those of Narvaez, de voted to the cabinet and the court. They represent not the great Liberal party, nor yet half the Liberal party, which is called the Moderado. They scarcely represent half the lloderado park•. There are about thirty independent depu ties. M. Isturitz is not afraid of their vote. Still, from his arbitrary habits, he will probably close their mouths by closing the Cortes, after the announcements of the Royal marriages are made, and thus not allowing either debate or vote. We look w'th some anxiety for news from London. The English cabinet has been fully warned that if it did not con sent to support a Cobourg, the Spanish Queens would in stantly close with the offers, or rather submit to the dictates of France, and that the Duc de Montpensier would marry the Infanta at the same time that the Duke of Cadiz espoused the Queen. Mr. Bulwer must have fully informed his court of this. Though, without instruction, he forwarded the first note of protest, of which I have procured and for wardeda copy. If all this have no effect, you may consider the family compact as ipso facto restored, the Queen a cypher, and her sister and her sister's ncwrclatious the only disposers of the destinies of this country. FREE TRADE LN FRANCE. (From the Journal des DAGO.) We admit the propriety of the protective system, within those limits which reason may approve. When a country finds that the time has come to organise its manufac tures, independently of those general encouragements which are given to manufacturing industry by means of communi cation, credit, or appropriate teaching, it is yet lawful to make exceptions in favour of some of the most important manufactures; amongst these [Avows it is, we think, right to comprise a tax to be paid by the consumers, they being the whole world. This tax, in the shape of a custom duty, should be, from the first, sufficiently moderate to prevent foreign competition from taking away all stimulus to national industry. It should also be but • temporary tax, and on • decreasing scale. But nothing can justify a permanent, absolute, and general prohibitive system. And yet such a system is now in force in France, and it is one to which it is pretended we must submit without hope of its relaxation. fhe time has now come when our national industry has ac quired strength, when the manufacturers have acquired the same degree of perfection as foreign ones, so that they are enabled to produce the same goods and of the same quality as those which are to be obtained from abroad. We will take as an example the immense number of manufactories which make tissues. With regard to woollen stuffs, we will mention cloth, shawls, blankets, merinos, flannel and mous seline de laine. No country in the world can furnish finer cloth than •Elbeuf and Sedan. Our manufacturers do not produce those kinds which are sought after in England, and they sell little abroad ; yet there is a trade open of 24 millions ; but whoever wants • fine cloth coat buys French cloth. In the manufacture of merinos, we cer tainly bear off the palm. The vast manufacture of Oaten works better and cheaper, notwithstanding a quantity of duties for which there are no drawbacks, than the Saxons, the English, and the Belgians. The proof of this is that it sells in foreign countries more than two-thirds of what it manufactures. Blankets we sell abroad in considerable numbers; and as to shawls our progress is so great that be tween 1836 and 1844 our exports have increased from 7 mil lions to more than 37 ; we arc surpassed by none in our flan nels ; and none can equal us in the manufacture of mous seline de 'sine which is an article of taste. With regard to woollen thread, France may well compete with the foreigner, for we know maze manufacturers in Paris and at Rheims who sell their thread to English factories. And notwithstanding all this, foreign cloth is prohibited; merino' prohibited ; shawls, haberdashery, flannels, cashmeres, damasks, and stuffs, all these are prohibited. Most of the woollen threads are prohibited; those that are admitted are taxed 7f. 70c. per kilog. Blankets pay a duty of 2f. 20c., that is, at least, 50 per cent. Is there common sense in such a thing ? With regard to cotton, it is only sufficient to ask the manufactu rers of London, New York, and Calcutta, which is the nation that most excels in the manufacture of painted cloth ? The unanimous answer will be, France. The principal house in Mulhsusen sell most of its manufacture of these abroad. Now open the tariff, and you will see the same intempe rance of prohibition on these articles as on wool ; you will find painted cloth, cotton cloths, whether bleached or unbleached, muslin and borders, all prohibited. An exception is made alone in favour of nankeen, which is allowed to be imported at the high rate of 6f. Sc. per kil.; but even then, it must come per French ship from India. If it does not, it is prohibited. The tariff is equally severe as regards cotton thread. Flax, in the manufacture of which a complete revolution has recently taken place, is one of the commodities on which we admit the duty ought still to remain, for it has only recently been put on ; but it is well known that the public is at present inundated with prospectuses, in which it is shown that a gain of 25 or 50 per cent. may be made even with the duty ; and the thing which tends to prove that these prospectuses are true is, that certain spinners declare themselves ready to do without protection at once, if they are given liberty of commerce, and especially the right to buy their engines wherever they like. How can it indeed be believed that we are so inferior to England in this respect, when she is known to take here the stock which they manufacture into goods ? Thus, for instance, the linens which we buy in England have to go through • double journey; first, in the state of raw flax, and then in the state of thread or linen ? If on this point liberty is not possible at present, it will be so in • short time. Silks have come to a well-known perfection in France. Our manu facturers in Lyons require no protection, and yet the duties of 14f. 40c., la 60c., 19f. 90c., and 34f. 10c. per kilogramme are still kept up. Nor do we think it is the French manufacturer who demands the main tenance of duty on cocoons and silk thread leaving France ; it is a real detriment to national agriculture, which requires the liberty of selling its silks in every part of the world as it does its wine. This analysis relative to tissues which, taken together, represent the greater part of manufacturing labour, might be repeated with regard to all great industries in this country, and we should always arrive at the same conclusion, viz., that amongst the French producers those who are in tellgent and active manufacture as well and often better than abroad, and perhaps more economically. They are at this moment ready to compete with the foreigner on free markets ; or, if they are not so, it is the fault of the so-called protective system, which disturbs the price and renders dear and expensive the material which the manufacturer makes use of, obliging him then to sell his produce at a higher price. Then their infe riority, far from being real, is only factitious, sad would cease to exist if liberty of commerce were allowed. This observation applies especially to the iron-founders. These manufacturers will tell you that in one half of the French forges the work is done with as much perfection and economy as elsewhere. They will add that France is better subdivided than England in its mineral produce, and that these minerals are cheaper and better than in England. They will grant that with regard to fuel, we have less re sources than England; that many forges are worked with wood firing, and that wood is a great item of expense ; but they will affirm, at the same time, that we possess many in exhaustible mines, where coal can be obtained at the same price as in England, and that, too, in the neighbourhood of the minerals themselves. They will mention to you, amongst others, the Berri and the Aveyron. They will show that the dearness of the fuel is the result, in general, of the duty on iron, because the wood and coal merchants regulate their prices by that of the tariff on iron. Therefore the forge-masters, making use of materials which they get from others, have no no reason to resist liberty of commerce. The fuel would soon fall to the price which it would fetch in the natural order of things. We insist peculiarly on this point, that the apparent interiority of some of our manufactures is a result of the protective system, although we believe it not to be so. We will mention one article which boars out our assertion—it is common painted cloth, such as is made in Rouen. Leaving aside Mulhattsen, and only taking Rouen into consideration, • would not the inferiority which Rouen supposes • fixed in disappear, if it had the liberty of pap a ". • woe price in England raw cotton, dyeing and mat, and the iron with which the : si ft I L /II f or cotton spinning is Asada 1 The only 44721 of price which supports Rouen in that peculiar W I Z! ------"- not the result of natural circumstances. The ma -",•. ' the protective system. Make all these things as fr ee t a 4; are so the English tariff, and Rouen will be able b ) with Manchester. For Rouen kn ows how to w or k :Zolt Manchester—knows better the economy of material, 0 , 1 1 , 1 _ more versed in the chemic arts; and if Rouen pap 4 - _, 4 tel a little dearer, in return it pays its workmen leas, "I` FRANCE—STATE OF THE HARVEST. —g am still entertained in France as to the abundance of this * ' harvest. Disturbances have taken place in the depan,.. — " of the Maine and Loire, and of the D eux -Si e i ft , Minister of Commerce, in a circular which he addr ed : fortnight since to the prefects, requesting an authenti on the harvest, was most praiseworthy in his endea Owing ose ccorn potato h to as crop t Increased e c r i v i r e aLf sl °r : ' 7l4 — '7 . 4 calm the apprehensions of the people; but he went into the opposite extreme when he declared, 1,, 5 .7 he had received sufficient information, th a t I * — "o,_ vest would be more abundant this year tha n 1 )4 7 ministerial journal states that the harvest i n western and northern departments is inferior Is also of last year, and may be compared to that or that in a few departments in the north of France i t the least ist lit a hy b e, u ap ti ari d d an ceo t , .. ef the consumption, and that in the middle and sou thern variousv v eg ince s ctab it le d is s ist th are ri time last year it was from 29 to 24 franca the hit-told% aM it is now from 26 to 32 francs, or an increase of fro ra ti 25 per cent. At Petrie the price of bread for the second s a i. night of September has been increased from 39 to 41, times the kilogramme. At Rouen, and in the principal of Normandy, it is the same. At Lille it is 42 centsa • Lorraine and Anent it is 47; at Strasburgh S,i • tad Nane_y 60 centimes. d GERMANY.—RUMOURED MARRIAGE OF sg t ARCHDUKE STEPHEN.—VIENNA, SEPT. B.—Count M a i d and Count Arnim are returned. The Grand-Duke kid* will make a longer stay than was at first surmised. Th e " some talk of a marriage between the Archduke Steph an* a daughter of the Grand Duke. The Archduke Stepp" the most enlightened of the Archdukes of Austria, saaa 4 the head of the government of Bohemia. It will be ma * bered that a marriage was formerly spoken of betwee a and the Grand-Duchess Olga, now Princess of Wunsch* THE NEW PRUSSIAN CONSTITUTION.—BEIA SEPT. 12.—The new constitution is ready, but it is nor, thin whether it will be published on the 18th of Oessi d The government is greatly embarrassed with the state Mk Rhenish provinces which offer great resistance to d the advances of the government. The project of task** two new ministerial journals in that province, the one pa testant the other catholic, has been abandoned. M. & it geman on his return from Cologne declared than la useless to compete against the Cologne Gazette, wis e influence was increasing not only in the Rhenish prori sse, but through all Germany ; but there is a talk, instead, establishing a new semi-official journal at Berlin. lank, eat towns societies are being formed to put a ni l to the principles of liberty; the town of Mead has taken the lead in this respect. The goy* ment, before convoking the states-general, wir to create a counterpoise. At Berlin the haute sotiite evidently on the qua oive, and the Camarillo itself, era induced the late king to eake injudicious steps towards ths Catholics on the Rhine provinces, is quiet. The gss synod has left no trace of its existence ; such is not tie ka with the association called " Gustavus Adolphus," then ostensible head of which is the king. The last meeting • this society was remarkable. Although it has not apparent) a political tendency, yet nevertheless gives the means of certainiag the state of things in Austria, Bavaria, say Catholic Germany in general. Evers thing seems to le taken in an evangelical point of view, so as to avoid aLdia matical controversies. Ilia may explain the expider of Dr. Rupp, and the protestation to which it gave rue. DISTURBANCES AT GOTTINGEN.—RIots took plan at Gottingen on the 4th and sth instant, owing to the di missal of two students. The windows of the DinnOt Police were smashed, and some arrests took place. TIIE DANISH SUCCESSION.—The IVeser Gar.ette,i the 11th instant, makes the following remarks on the seen siin in the duchies :—" As yet nothing is officially knows al regards the opinion of the English government in the sin of succession ; but rumour says it is favourable to Denims This is not the case with France. The intentions et the King of Denmark, expressed in the letter patent, and whin manifests his desire to solve the question during his lifeline, by a decision of the four powers, found not only anent, bet encouragement, at the Tuileries. The French govern ont and the Tory ministry in England were long d opinion that as the question of succession in Ds mark depended on an eventuality, it was an open to political measures at the present molar, but the King of the French, who dues not leave the main management of foreign affairs to his minister, has long cos aidered the Danish question as one of the most importantd the age. This is why the French Minister at Copenhagen, Baron Billing, had drawn up • precise document on the dot ficult question of succession, and it is said that he ends 'oared to prove that after the extinction of the male lies Denmark would lose the duchies, if energetic measures wet not taken before that event took place. On the part of From those measures were to consist in an arrangement eid • the four powers, and, on the other side, to ear Is agitation in the duchies ' and attach their llama to Denmark, the present King or his successor, on oohs France counts much, was to give a constitution to the or try. This plan was submitted to the English goverment last year, but was not much liked ; at Paris, however, tle plan was still adhered to, and to the mission of the Ink Decal s to Copenhagen may be attributed in a great no sure the sudden impulse or development given to this gem on at the present moment. France has two reasons for following this line of policy. On the one side to counter balance the influence of Russia at Copenhagen, a pain France never lost sight of since the preponderance of Rant in the north, and secondly from reasons of internal policy. In fact the fear lest the Danish question should be decided by the three northern powers to the exclusion of France we a subject of great deliberation, and was a main cause of car certed measures between France and Denmark, and of the Danish manifestation based upon that arrangement." DENMARK.—ROYAL DECREE. Comsnacr, SEPT. B.—The official Gazette of Copenhagen contains I royal decree, dated sth Sept., Wyck, in the Island of Fair, nominating Count de Moltke President of the Chancery the duchies of Schleswig-Holstein and Laueuburg, in the stead of Count Reventlow Criminil, resigned. The nomias non caused great excitement. It is the first time since the annexation of the duchies to the Crown of Denmark, that Dane has occupied this poet, which comprises the grestse Power in the administration of the duchies. The measure i regarded even by the Danes as liable to cause serious di minion. The funds fell considerably in consequence:4 letter from Elsinore of the 6th inst., states that wo Russia war-steamers, on their way to Holland, have cast ander here. A schooner is also expected, a present from Quo Victoria to the Empress of Russia. The Russian squadme is still cruising in the Bettie. ITALY.—DISPENSATION FOR THE QUEEN Of SPAIN.—ROPE, SEPT. B.—The Sovereign Pontiff was to sip on the morning of the Bth instant, the necessary dispensatice for the marriage of the Queen of Spain with her cousin tin Infant D. Francisco de Awls. A courier extraordinary vs to leave immediately with the dispensation for Madrid where he would arrive probably on the 17th or 18th. TIIE FETE OF THE NATiviTT.—A letter from Romt of the same date says : " Never has the Ste of the Nativity been celebrated with such pomp as it has been this yaL For the last three days all the roads leading towards firs were thronged with vehicles of every description, bringing visitors to the capital to witness the triumph prepared kt Pius IX. Last evening, after vespers, the city was illumi nated, and during the night a grand triumphal arch IN erected, and opposite almost all the windows were sees telinsparencies and inscriptions in honour of the Roll Virgin and of the Pope. The inhabitants appeared emir to outdo each other in seal, enthusiasm, and mason cence. The Corso was, in particular, an object of gnat attraction, and present ed a gorgeous spectacle which it is impossible to describe. At nine o'clock a detachment of dragoons cleared the streets of carriages, and in half an hoar afterwards loud vivata announced the arrival of his Rah nen. As soon as the Pope entered the Corso a shown of flowers and garlands fell on his carriage, and he on saluted from all the windows with shouts of the warren admiration. A troop of young men, bearing branches ed olive trees, and preceded by a white banner, on which was written the words, Janina et pax,' joined the cortiye the Place du Quirinal, and preceded it on its route. DI horses went at a walking pace, the Pope having signillai his wish that they should not be taken from his earner. His Holiness bowed to the assembled crowd, giving h i s benediction with a tenderness full of calm and dignity, and which was received by all near him on bended knee Cardinals Ferretti and Faloonieri were in the carriage with the Pope, but his Holiness alone passed under the triumphal' arch. After hearing mass in the church of St. Mary, the. Pope returned to the palace in the same order, and .al the increased plaudits of the multitude. A short time salf his return to the Quirinal he again appeared on the bel cony, and in the moat gracious manner thanked his ebildno far the enthusiastic reception they had g iven him, which was replied to by the louden acclamations. RUSSIA.—.NAVIGATION OF THE VOLGA.—The navigation of the Volga is of the utmost importance ?) Russia. It has long been wished to have steam-bats in order to tow the large trailing vessels up the rivers. Aeon' pall was formed for the purpose, but could not succeed to solving the problem, in consequence of the rapidity of cm rent and other obstacles, which impeded the opera lions of the ordinary tow boats. At length ML. Rontgen, director of the steam-boat manufactory _ Higenoord, near Rotterdam, undertook t o build lo t this company a large boat capable of towing barges of a particular form, laden with 2500 tons between Sam and Rybinsk, a distance of about 1400 wersts, in 20days. it case of the nonfulfilment of this stipulation, the expense it the first voyage to be borne by the ship-builds. In consequence of this arrangement ltontgen caused an inn steam-boat to be built by the Dutch Steam Navigation Com pry, according to a model of his own invention, of 250 It oses power, of 24 feet draught. This boat was taken to piecN and so brought to Leibinak, where it was put together sipaiL Is the month of April last the inhabitants of the banks raw , with astonishment two barges, of a singular shape, towe d_ along by an iron steamer ; the barges wereeaclism4oo test ling, and were each of 1,260 tons burden. The ste_ which is called the Volga, left Rybinsk on the d ud of al ay, neon, at a season when the rivers much swollen by min ,F; the current is uncommonly rapid, and besides this the .. oad 'HU contrary ; nevertheless, it arrived at Samora in 161 dap being 31 dayo less than the time agreed. In the usual Ma' r I. b mer the !cry f the blithes and no do. , a will be c ome , I D CENTR. t ittL iga.—The ye vast interp ‘the commerc patinas. Wb toorne new in• eat the presen 'agent of an ;boa agreed o ,of New Ore , as shortly to , Flores, tor 'Equator, a, • Spain, and is * Ple has enli• .Irish, enroll. has equipped Peninsula. the republic doubling Ca Isthmus of I dependent o• on the Allan • allow him a hostility of between the public of insists. lie by the Spun trance, and d. Grenada. S ject of cuttin: ference in th company of Grenada is • small rtenur wancvment 0 parations. projected nm., of Bolivar, u proclaimed. Netherlands, Central Am Nicaragua. Mexico cause• be surt•eyed. Panama and bad spin c distance betw metres, and t these recent incident, fro- Detests. SOUTH Distal:mu:li Cleveland, f Tensed peril , by Governor on lands alie in violation o of Parliarneu excited indi.. They are th ran plague Australia, 1 . regulations a rescinded wi haure in co bility and p "Gov,. .• One of th- this pros n , e t, administration on met:due ni The correspisin that 00. noun Englund to no • posed to her M to treat with t Australia irk Tights of mini produce of tli ley; but the q ulterior benetit her Mujeaty's , nial Land an first geologists advisera. The as to the art, door, nil well as citor-Ceneral. Land and Erni.. Majesty, under sale of Crown t l ii oi n,,iniiii::n . rala, colonv, upon il toria; e. aS, wh the Governor !o public suction. much different the Capraiencv when nit on , !;, deducting the the gree p , . the act S and founded, perks babilitios elfin mineral land I • constant atm income apport the view taken and in which I metals and ni the practice in than an approx 1-10th to I•2_d L Cardiganshi 1-12th; in c., 1-Bth ti to IA:. -11th.. l r "nito c 1-15th would from which I the achiee a framed a few s , disposal by it. • Australia.--i a .• Ittao lAIII with the adv. Wawa to e• crown lands w of the recited alienated or Iv to her Maps. and ores coot able in lane, they may be anted duly-a in t 0. occupancy a near the moo metallic mine NeuTs,'"b.7 a thereon, and . log the cannot and &bona and applica dressed to Lands will in • already andel. may be oboe exceeding toe tions for leas , Governor in C. In the Rune lames so to be for re-entry f amignment of without licri. Governor in C. proviso that it ini l l it upon onlh ll li Lot e writing uf tic The Qu the 26th in.• to he held at Lord Jo the royal ei The noble 1 , returned to %Visits° tion to the . . at the Castle yesterday . old. General terday at th The ..• consisting . Mr. Armstrong,' GeorgPowe oug, rDeapatee office from • also receive. The Ch; ° Wood left Yorkshire. MARRI marriage o Aylesbury Lord and in Spanish- Griffiths, cation. Lout in left Broom rrtrillngt We h • : Rector of to be then. THE 1.. (Peainsul intelligene - tallied on . His lordslii his family, friends an. health. A Proved in , septa)]. . be there friends, • IsandT was . Mat his l o KaCitta of hi Bir bo t a l r yle, a hit)