The Express. — London, England, 1847-11-11 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 11, 1847. nnessidenly communication with strangera—of the other eel, too ? (We have received a letter, protiting against Mrs. S. F. R e ynolds' work. of " Gretna Green ' being included in the list of popular works described as marked by " looseness, warmth of colouring . in criminal scenes, and the false glow ea st around guilty indulgence." We must admit that Oracle Green" does not merit this; and that, whatever iu faults, it certainly contains nothing derogatory to the character or delicacy of a lady writer.] SANITARY LAW. Sir, —I trust that you will render me justice in reference to my professional conduct in the cases of Mr. M. Body and Mr. J. Ellis. These were cases of the removal of nuisances arising in the Lambeth police-court, and upon which eases you commented. As to Mr. Body, the nuisance consisted of a circular or oval pit, about 34 feet diameter and a considerable depth, filled principally with soil, disguised to some extent by an admixture with it of other matter or manure. The quantity contained in such pit was sworn before the magistrate to be epwards of 200 cart loads. The neighbourhood in which this most obnoxious and pernicious accumulation of matter was deposited is a densely-populated one. This tainted and polluted spot having given rise to the remonstrances of some of the neighbours, at length application was made tome, as the solicitor to the looardof guardians of St. Mary Newington, for my interference, but 1 referred the gentleman to the board of guardians. An application was made accordingly , and the board in guardians directed their clerk to request the state ment or removal of the nuisance. No attention whatever was paid to this application. The board of guardians, for the hrst time, was driven to enforce the provisions of the statute of 9 and 10 Viet., e. 96, and expecting that every obstacle would be presented by the offending party, in structed solicitor to take the necessary steps for the re moval of the nuisance under the act of parliament. This resolution was received by me on the 3rd day of April lot. I immediately informed defendant that I had been so instructed, and urged the necessity of his removal of the nuisance on the score of saving expense and otherwise. No attention whatever was paid to this letter, and after having waited as long as 1 con sidered myself justified in doing, I, on the 30th day of April, laid eu information before the magistrate and obtained a summons theresa. The period, therefore, of twenty-seven days elapsed between the delivery of nay application to the defendant and laying the information before the magistrate. The defendant, on appearing to the summons by his soli citor, pressed for an adjournment of the case, which the magistrate declined to accede to, and after the examination of witnesses, his worship made an order for the re moval of the nuisance within forty-eight hours, with costs. This order was forthwith drawn up and served upon the de fendant, and obedience thereto required, and notwithrtand in," every step that could be leniently pursued for the oh taming the removal of tee nuisance, such order was not finally complied with until the 19th day of May. The cue of Mr. Ellis differs only in the greater extent of forbearance showu by me, anA the more determined and resolute manner in which the elfforcement of the order was resisted. These facts were brought by me before the magis trate, who directed a sergeant ef police to be in attendance with a proper force to protect the partite during the perform ance of their duty. With reference to myself, I exercised evert forbearance, kindness, and courtesy throughout both proceedings ; and so to my costs, to show that they are not otherwise than fair and usual, I have had them taxed by the officer named in the act of parliament for taxing solicitors' bills, viz., the clerk of the peace, and that gentleman has only thought proper to reduce them by ss. As to the policy of creating such delinquents leniently, it may be remarked that the endeavours made to procure the removal of those nuisances without expense, and the resist ance offered from first to last by the defendants, were care fully brought to the attention of the worthy magistrate. The result of such policy is made to appear in the com mencement by the defendant Ellis of a similar nuisance on the same spot within 21 hours after the removal of the last portion of the former nuisance, and it now remains a rank collection of filth, breeding, as it must necessarily do, con tagion and disease in the neighbourhood. Now, sir, I do not fear but that had you known these facts at the time of your publication upon this matter ; had you been aware of the extent of the offence committed by the defendants ; of their per levering and obstinate resistance to abate the nuisances; of the pains, lenity, and forbearance exhibited by me to obtain the removal without legal interference, and subse quently without resorting to forcible measures ; had you considered the special pleading niceties and precautions necessary to be observed in enforcing legal rights of any kind whatever before magistrates, and, above all, had you been acquainted with the aggravated offence of the defend ant by setting the law at defiance, and of renewing the offence on the instant of its cessation, I am quite sure my present address to you would have been unnecessary. Perhaps you will forgive me for conveying to you my unmitigated detestation of the vexatious and irrational course of proceeding that is so often displayed before our tribunals of justice, whether it be the enforcing an act ef parliament for the simple removal of a nuisance, the ascertainment of such a question as in what parish is the settlement of a pauper, what sum is due by one partner to another ; or the myste rious framework of much belonging to legal pleadings and criminal indictments, not to mention twenty other matters. And I would say, " reform it altogether ;" and the time must come when the folly, absurdity, and ruin of such legis lation and legal procedure must be scattered to the winds. The subject launches me into a " sea of trouble," and I must not trespass now in extending ray remarks ; but be sound, a parish solicitor as 1 am, if I had the means to use the pruning-hook, I should not be found to resemble " the poor cat i' the adage, letting I dare not wait upon I would."— GEDYZ, 14, eleorgestrett, Mansion house. THE AMERICAN LECTURER. MR. EMERSON LECTURED at the Manchester Mecha nics' Institution on Monday. Ills subject was " Eloquence." Ile said Every man is eloquent once in his life, but we boil at different degrees of the thermometer. One man is brought to the boiling point by the excitement of conversation ; an other requires the caloric of large meetings and public de bates; a third, an antagonist, or a great indignation; a fourth, a revolution ; and a fifth, nothing less than the grandeur of absolute ideas, and the splendours of heaven and of hell. At modern meetings, the speakers are like patient* inhaling nitrous oxide—each in turn exhibits similar symp toms ; redoes in the face, increased volubility, violent gesti culation, the oddest attitudes, occasional stamping, an alarm ing loss of perception of the passage of time and of the suf fering of the audience. Of all musical instruments on which men play, a popular assembly is that which has the greatest compass and variety, and out of which, by genius and study, the most wonderful effects can be produce& The highest bribes of human society are at the feet of the successful orator. There is no prosperity so high, but two or three words will make the man sad ; there is no calamity that right words will not begin to redress. Eloquence is a power of many degrees, and requiring in an orator great range of gifts. The audience is the constant meter of the orator. There are many audiences in every public assembly ; anything comic or coarse rinds sympathy amongst the boys, till the audience seems wholly of them ; graver and loftier sentiments touch a new audience ; they reach the elders ,• the boys seem asleep, and it is only the men who hear and approve. Utter a noble sentiment, and the attention deepens; there is a third though smaller audience; the auditors of the fun and fact and understanding are all silent; but there is in every assembly something excellent, a cape, city of virtue, a readiness to be beatified, a tablet for every line the orator can inscribe, though he should mount to the highest levels of thought and emotion. All these several audiences who successively appear are really composed of the same persons; sometimes the same persons will take an active part with each in turn. This draws us to consider the successive stages of oratory. Perhaps the lowest quality of the art, but one on many occasions of the first importance, is a certain robust and radiant physical health — great volumes of animal heat. In the cold thinness of a morning audience, mere energy and mellowness is then inestimable; wisdom and learning would be harsh and un welcome compared with a substantial man, who is quite a house-warming. Ido not rate this animal life very high ; yet, as we must be fed and warmed before we can do any work well, so is this necessary. Climate and race have a good deal to do with it. [After a variety of historical and mythical illustrations of the fascination of eloquence over the child and the elder, the savage and the sage, the lecturer said] There are all degrees of this power, from the glib tongue and coal self-possession of the salesman, overpowering the prudence of housekeepers of bath sexes, and that of the clever lawyer, which has been well named " the gift of the gab ;" but these must not be confounded with eloquence. Eloquence is attractive from the magic of personal amen dsney ; rare, because it requires many gifts and qualities; intellect well organised, and above all good fortune in the cause. What we really wish to see is a man who is a match for events, and equal to any exigency. [After citing Julius Cesar and Napoleon as exam ples of this power of personal ascendancy, the lecturer continued.] Some men imagine that no one could sway them; they defy every one and any one; but they are thinking of men of different turn of mind from themselves. A man who thinks in the same direction as myself, but sees further ; who has tastes like mine, but greater power ; will rule me any day, and make me love my ruler. This conse quence of personal weight enters into every consideration of the power of oratnrs, and constitutes the key to all public speaking. In a public assembly, if the talent for speaking exists, but without strong personality, then there are good speakers who express the will of the audience ; but if there be strong personality in the orator, the audience listen as pupils to their preceptor. It would be entertaining to reckon up the splendid weapons that went to the equipment of De mosthenes, _Esehines, Demades, Fox. Pitt, and Mirabeau ; but at present I can only allude to the foremast of these. First, then, the orator most be a substantial person ; then the first et hie special weapons is, doubt:as, power of statement—to have the fact, and to know how to tell it. Next, is that method or power of arrangement which constitutes the genius or efficiency of all remark able men. Such a power was manifestly that of Edmund Burke; and of this genius we have had some brilliant examples in the political and legal men of both hemispheres. Next to this is the power of imagery. Nothing so works on the human mind, barb a nus or civilised, as a new symbol. The power of dealing' with facts, of illuminating theta, of sinking them, by rich cule or divetsion of mind, rapid generalisation, humour, wit, and pathos, all these aro keys which the orator holds ; yet these foreign gifts are not eloquence, and do often hinder a man from the attainment of it. To come to the heart of the mystery, the truly eloquent is, a sane man with power to communicate his sanity. Arm a man with all the talents just enumerated, so potent and so charming, and he has equal power to tamers and mislead, as to instruct and guide you. A spectacle wo me go round the world to see is a man who, in the proem - at:on of great designs, has absolute command of the means of representing his ideas, keeps the grasp of a lion on his materials, and the eye of eking to dis pose them aright, never for an instant light minded or in sane. But, in the great triumph of the orator, we must have something more ; we must have a certain reinforcing of the man from the events, so as to have the double force of reason and of destiny. The eloquent man is not he who has beautiful speech, but he who is inwardly and des. perately drunk with a certain belief, agitating and tearing him, perhaps almost bereaving him of the power of articulation. Then it rushes from him, in 'short abrupt screams, in torrents of meaning; the possession of his mind by the subject is so entire, that it ensures an ardour of expression which is the ardour of nature itself—and so is the ardour of the greatest force, and inimitable by any art. Add to this a certain regnant calmness', which, in all the tumult, never utters a premature syllable, avid keeps the secret of his means and method—and the orator stands before the people, sea demoniacal power, to whose miracles they have no key. Eloquence must first be the plainest narrative or statement ; afterwards it may warm itself until it exhales symbols of every kind, and speaks only through the most poetic forms ; but at first and last it must still be at bottom, a statement of facts. All audiences soon ask, " What is he drising at ?" and if this man does not stand for any thing, he will be deserted. If you would correct my false view of facts, hold up the same facts in the true order of thought, and I can never go back. The power of Chatham, Pericles, Luther, nets on this strength of character. Eloquence is always dying out of famous places, and appearing in corners. In America, our city halls and senate houses are getting a little exclusive, but our stormy parties and fanaticism are likely to yield us the most affecting examples of this strength. John Baptists and hermit Peters will not be hushed from describing the slavery, luxury, and sensuality of this long-suffering time; and this stormy fanaticism will not cease to furnish us with men not to be slighted, insulted, intimidated, or mobbed, because, like John Knox, such a man is more mob than the mob. The picture is local, but the moral is universal. Wherever it appears, fresh from the heart of nature, the spectacle of this power should not be lost on the youth who aspires to form himself to this noblest of arta. Let him lay the founda tion not on popular arts, but on character and honesty ; let the sun look on nothing nobler than he ; let him speak for the right; let him not borrow the language of idle gentlemen and scholars, much less that of sensualists, absorbed in money or appetite ; but let him communi cate every secret of strength and good-will communi cated to his own heart, to animate men to better hopes ; let him speak for the absent, defend the friendless and de famed, the poor, the 'lave, the prisoner, and the lost. Let him look upon opposition as opportunity . he is one who cannot be defeated or put down. Let him feel that it is not the people who are in fault, for not being convinced, but he who cannot convince them. He has not only to neutralise their opposition—that were a small thing—but to convert them into apostles and publishers of the same wisdom. The highest platform of eloquent* is of course the moral senti ment ; the great triumphs of the art are reserved for the announcement of the simple sentiments and affections of the total. As soon as one acts for large masses, the moral element will and must be allowed free utterance. His (the lecturer's) design in these unfinished sketches, was to show that eloquence, like every other art, rests on laws the most exact and deteiminate that it readily binds itself to the human mind, and then may well stand as an exponent of all that is grand and immortal therein ; that, if it does not so become an instru ment, but aspires to be somewhat of itself, and gloats on ostentation and egotism, it is false and foolish ; that it is, in its right exercise, an elastic, and, as yet, unexhausted power and that it is the height and perfection of the gift of speech. He hoped every generous youth, ambitious to serve man by his talents, would see that it was a universal power, and that its great masters, while they valued every help to its attain ment, yet never permitted their finest talents to appear for show, but were grave men, who preferred their integrity to their talent, and who set that object for which they toiled, whether their country, or its laws, or a reformation, or liberty of speech or of the press, or letters, or morals, as above the whole world, and above themselves also. IRELAND. Dermrs, Nov. 9. The meeting of the Irish Council to-day was looked forward to with come interest, as it was announced that the hon. member for Rochdale would be present to define the nature of northern tenant-right, and to ark the meeting to affirm the principle of that right, and urge its extension to the whole of Ireland. The question appears to have excited considerable alarm on the part of the landlords, who thought perhaps the beet way, though it was the least valorous, was to remain away from the meeting, and thus abstract from the importance of a deliberation they could not sway. Accordingly the meeting was not at any time crowded, and the attendance of the landlords was particularly scanty. Hence it was that Mr. Fer guson, in the course of his address in opposition to Mr. Mitchel's amendment, threatened the landowners that he and the other landless gentlemen would leave them to their fate. A threat which called forth Mr. Geoffrey Browne, who seconded the resolution pro posed by Lord Milltown, who accounted for the ab sence of the gentry by stating that they did not like the excited expectations which such a discussion was likely to create, upon a subject which they did not think was likely to be adjusted. Mr. Sharman Crawford commenced his statement, therefole, under discouraging circumstances. But the clearness and honesty of his propositions and the veasonableness of his arguments soon made a visible impression. His case seems to be shortly this. In Ireland the improvement of the land by draining, planting, building, &c., is all effected at the coat of the tenant. He contends that while such a practice exists the tenant creates in the land, by his investments in improvements, a permanent property beyond the right to a maintenance there from of which the landlord hart no right to deprive him, and on which the landlord can have no claim ; that this property is perfectly distinct from the land lord's claim to the fee;; and this distinct property thus created by labour, capital, and industry, Mr. Craw ford calls tenant-right. Where the improvements are made at the landlord's expense he admits that no claim of tenant-right can arise. Mr. Crawford's address made a considerable impression on the landlords present, as one of them declared, and it will probably be a means of bringing to some conclusive arrange ment the much-vexed question of land tenure in this country. The Care Journal states directions have been for warded by the government to the surveyors of coun ties to furnish estimates of the unfinished works in their respective counties, with a view to their comple tion at the public charge. The statement, however, is too broad. The works so to be undertaken will in all probability be limited to such as may be of unques tioned utility as local communications. The comple tion ef all unfinished works is too general. Some will be left to grand juries and local exertions. The mode of giving compensation for damages under the Labour-rate Act is about to undergo a change. Heretofore the Board of Works awarded fourteen years' compensation to the tenant, and seven to the landlord, on the supposition that the occupier would continue to pay the same rent as when the compensation was awarded, and that he should de mand no reduction in the rent on the plea of damage done by the board. This was the original plan ; but the proposed change substitutes a different and inequitable system, for the proprietor is to receive the whole compensation, and the occupier nothing'! The landlords, it is inferred by the board, will male a proportionate reduction in the rent; but their condition absolutely negatives such a hope. All will go to the landlord, and nothing to the occupier. The operations of the board are much facilitated by the contemplated change, but the farmers are not likely to look with satisfaction on an act which trans fers their compensation to the proprietors. The Dublin Improvement Bill, for whose revival in the ensuing session the town clerk has issued fresh notice, has just received a severe check in the Queen's Bench. The corporation resolved by various orders that the expellees of the prosecution of the bill should bede frayed out of the borough fund. This was considered an illegal appropriation of the public money, and a Mr. Bothwell, representing pro tern. a preservative or conservative society of reluctant citizens, obtained a conditional order last June for a writ of certiorari to remove the orders of the corporation into the Queen's Bench. The rule was made absolute yester day, notwithstanding the resistance of the Attorney- General, the Chief Justice observing that the case of the prosecutor, if established, was prinui facie a breach of trust. The rule only goes to the extent of investigating the legality of the orders of the corpora -1 tion, but from the tone of the discussion, and the °biter dicta of the court, the coming event has pro jected its shadow into the preeent. Judge Perrin, the parent of all our municipalities, ominously enough was silent At a meeting of the Royal Irish Academy last night, Dr. Lloyd stated an interesting fact with re ference to the late Profeasor M'Cullagh, namely, that 1 he had discovered a problem of great difficulty, the solution of which the professor had completed to his satisfaction before his death. He could not Answer for th; completeness of the calculations through which the rami lt had been arrived at, from the habits of tiie pro blem-, who calculated on slates and loose fragments of paper. Dr. Lloyd corroborated my statement oo Sunday, that the commencement of a paper for the ' t r ansactions of the academy had been found ; but the doctor did not acquaint the society with the general result of the investigation in the professor's chambers. MELANCHOLY ACCIDENT.—As Mrs. French, of File williamaquare, was driving on her outside ear down Upper Mount-street, about one o'clock to-day, she fell off and was killed on the spat. The horse was going at a rapid pace, and it is supposed that the lady was thrown from the car by a sudden jolt, and consequently no blame can be attached to any party. Mrs. French was sister of the late Sir Edward O'Brien, and had attained her 75th year. COURT OF CHANCERY.THIS DAY.)--The following gentlemen were this day called to the bar, having pre viously taken the necessary eathi.—Richard Aug. Henry Cavendish, Esq., third son of the Hon. Frederick Cavendish, Caatlebar, county Mayo; Henry Loftus Tottenham, Esq., fourth son of Henry Loftin., late of MacMurrough, county Wexford, Esq. ; *George Smith, Esq., eldest son of John Smith, Stonevicw, county Dublin, Esq., deceased; Henry Dix Hutton, only son of Henry Hutton. Baldoyle, county Dublin, Eel.; Thomas Hayden, Esq., eldest son of the Rev. John Hayden, lidaloo Glebe, county Londonderry ; Thomas Frederick Wright, Esq., third eon of Richard Wright, Pembroke-Place, Dublin, Rol.; *William O'Donnell, Esq., eldest son of Michael O'Don nell, Clareville, county Clare, Esq. ; Robert Wm. Morris- On, En , eldest eon of Robert Merrieson , Shanakill, county Cork, Esq. ; James Ferrier Parker, Esq., eldest son of Alexander Parker, Rathmines, county Dublin, Esq.; *Robert Walsh, Rig., eldest eon of Michael Walsh, Mount Michael, county Dublin, Esq .; Philip Dixon Hall Ilarly, eldest son of P. D. Hardy, Greenfield, county Dabliu, Esq.; John Hatchell, Esq., eldest son of John Hatchell, Merrion. square, Dublin, Esq., Q.C. ; John Charles White, Esq., eldest sonof Edward White, late of Gardiner's-place, Dub lin, Esq., RN., deceased ; George Foley, F.sq., only son of Rev. W . Foley, Rathmines, clerk; *Daniel James O'Connell, Esq., second eon of James O'Co:Inell, Lakeview, county Kerry, Esq.—[Thor marked (s) aro Roman Catholics.] STATE OF ROBCOMMON.—A letter from S.rokestoa n states that two men, charged with the murder of Major Mahon, have been arrested, and are now lying in Roscommon gaol for further examination, evidence having been already elicited which affords strong suspicion of both prisoners being implicated in the transaction. The county, it is added, is in a frightful state ; no man's life is worth a pin's purchase. Not twelve, but nearly as many more names, have been placed on the doomed list; and, amongst others, that of a lady who lately had the temerity to distrain upon some tenants who would neither pay rents nor give up possession of the land. The towns and villages are filled with strangers—idle-looking ruffians, who lounge about all day, do no work, and yet, by some mysterious means, have no appearance of lacking either food or rain meat. The military and police are completely footsore with the weight of duty imposed upon them. THE IRISH COUNCIL. This body re-assembled to-day. At 12 o'clock there were not half-a-dozen people present, and the attendance all day continued thin. Lord CLONCERRY again took the chair, on which a Mr. FITZGIBBON, a merchant tailor, addressed the meeting, reading his speech from a paper which he then handed to the reporters. The principal point this speaker insisted upon was a public valuation of the land, as • oasis on which to fix the amount of rents. Mr. Fitzgibbon was equally opposed to tenant-right and the present system—Mr. Dixon subsequently addressed the meeting, after which Mr. FERGUSON, one of the secretaries, opposed with great vehemence Mr. Mitchel's motion. He said that tenant right was an arbitrary custom not general through Ulster, existing upon one estate and not on another. That it w 'As unjust to enact it when it did not exist, as it was a transfer of property from the landlord to the tenant ; that tenant-right, when it was allowed, was based upon improvements ; and that com pensation for improvements was therefore a full equivalent for it. He contended it had no foundation in the settlement of Ulster, and he would resist it with arms in hie hands. He complained of the absence of the landlords from the meeting, and said they should be left to themselves. Mr. S. CRAWFORD thought right to lay before the meet ing his views of the nature of tenant.right. If wrong views were entertained--extreme views—what was the reason? Because the landlords did not come forward to ask justice for the tenant. He was decidedly of opinion that the tn. nant-right of Ulster was founded on labour and industry. He did not say it was not a right sometimes abused ; but that was because it was not recognised by law. Tenant right was not only the value of labour and industry, but also a claim to a permanent interest in the land, wising from the in creasedvalue of the land accruingfromthat labour and industry. He read an extract from a petition from Londonderry agreed to last year, which fully bore out this doctrine, and stated that the parties to it were not only intelligent and upright men, but who, having themselves land, would not put for. ward any doctrine which would tend to injure property. First, then, it appeared that the claim of tenant right was according to them permanency of tenure at a fair valuation. Secondly, the right to sell the possession and improvements ; and, thirdly, if the landlord shall resume, that he shall give the tenant the value of his occupancy and interest, as if sold in the market. He, Mr. Crawford, cronsislered the definition of tenant.right to be this—that the tenant has a real property in the soil equal to the amount of his beneficial interest after paying the rent to the landlord, such rent being determined on a fair valuation ; that he has a right to sell this property to the highest bidder when his convenience requires him to do so; and that if the landlord desires to resume the soil, such landlord shall pay for the tenant's interest and improvements at the same rate as an incoming tenant would do. That the amount to be paid is determined by the value which • solvent tenant would give for the same, according to the rate of sale of such interests by custom in the district. Mr. Crawford instanced a ease in which he had recently estimated the value of tenant-right. A Mr. Derail pur chased, under the Marquis of Londonderry, a farm of 32 acres, the tenure being from year to year. In every way ho expended on this land 913/., paying for the right of the elbeupancy to the outgoing tenant 3001. Mr. Dalrall relied that if the marquis were inclined to resume those lands he would repay him the money, and if he desired to leave, that he would be permitted to 'ell. The value of the tenant-right allowed this man was 20 years' purchase, and the railway company who took his land were satisfied. Mr. Crawford then proceeded to show that the tenant right did not red - uce the value of the fee, for it sold at • higher rate where tenant-right prevailed. It did not prevent the landlord from raising his rent ; for, ea it was based upon that proportion of the surplus value of the land, after the expenses of cultivation, which was the fair property of the tenant, no when the tenant increased that surplus by his improvements, the landlord's portion would be properly greater, and the tenant's proportion greater also. Each, therefore, would be increasing quantities—neither destroying or interfering with the other. Mr. Crawford said that when the landlords made the improvements at their own expense, the same claim to tenant-right could not exist. He was cheered at the conclusion of his statement ; and Mr. Witsos, • most improving landlord, declared his adhesion to the plan he propounded. SCOTLAND. EDINBURGH, Nov. 9. The present position of the Hebrew chair in Edin burgh university is an example of the danger of not making timely concession. In 1843, the present Lord Advocate introduced a bill for the abolition of Scotch university tests; but expressly exempted the Hebrew chairs from its operation. At the time Sir Robert Peel's ministry were contemplating the forma tion of the Irish colleges, tests being excluded, it was understood that they would offer no cabinet op position to Mr. Rutherferd's measure; but, in the interim, the general assembly of the established church met ; and that body, by a majority of 248 to 11, resolved that the tests should be continued in all their intolerance, so far as statute was concerned, although, with the connivance of the church itself, the tests had, so far as lay chairs were concerned, been Tactically in abeyance for upwards of thirty years. The Edinburgh Hebrew chair falls vacant; the town council, as patrons, come to the conclusion that the charge is literary, not ecclesiastical. In this view, whether right or wrong, the Lord Ordinary of the Court of Session supporta them, and, in conformity with it, a dinenter is ap pointed just as dissenters have been appointed to other lay chairs. His legal disability is, that he will not subscribe a formula of attachment to the esta blished church—on that ground he is kept out, and on that alone. But, says the Lord Provost of Edin burgh, insist on that, and we, the council, carry out your principle, and eject episcopal as well as free church professors. Driven to such a pass, legislation must step in, as the country will not tolerate the ex pulsion of Christopher North, and the other noncon formist teachers of the leading university of the north, who constitute no small portion of its glory and effi ciency. But, before parliamentary interference can take place, there will be some warfare, and very likely of an undignified kind. The secretary of the univer sity advertises Mr. Macdouall's introductory lecture far the 19th, and the commencement of his classes for the 22nd, and it is rumoured to-day that the Senates is to apply for an interdict to prevent both arrange ments from taking place. One of the district surgeons in Glasgow has pub lished an intelligent letter on the sanitary state of that city. From January to October this gentleman had 814 cases under his care, most of them being fever patients. The deaths, where treated at home, were 53, but the hospital mortality is not given. Proceed ing to the general causes of the disease in his district, Dr. Brown says: Or. Eastern, my predecessor, explains, I think, very satisfactorily (Olosoo,r Medical Jour., 1532) the muse why the village of Spring burn suffers 1 , 0 largely by epidemic d i .eaaeu. "The soil upon which it is built is extremely unhealthy, and peculiarly favourable for the production of malarious diseases, It being low lying, damp, and marshy, having but a few years ago been a complete bog, whgh, to this day, has never been properly drained. The place ilia low mitt,. rally, and the weavers' shops are still lower, beteg some feet below the level of the read, in which show, always damp, bat at certain rea sons of the year more than usuallyao, the smear is obliged to the greater part of the 21 hours." Since D. FAMOICP report, several important changes have occurred; the general depressed Mats of the handloom-weaving trade, and the increased demand for workmen's houses, consequent upon the opening of the Edinburgh and Gluagow Railway, many of the weavers . shops, and even lessstab the ground tats have been on into dwelling-hanoar and habited by Irish labourers ; • clam not at all diedingurshed ny either personal cleanliness or economy in the management of their domeatte affigh The wages of this clam average from 10s. to 18a. weekly, but being wenerally of filthy and intemperate habits, and fund of over crowilins their houses with lodgers, it is not at all to be wondered at that this Oliall should suffer sacraly from epidemic disease. Dr. Brown then instances certain particularly productive of disease : Close. 267 end 275, Higie.eweet awe • arena an del Ingo Batten. row. Of the 97 came of frewit marrow be Istritecre,4l Wow to Ms three, of which four diet. ilds riati/Mi ft 1111111011OUROW MD he be accounted for, by the fact Mat dr gegrise et the errs b IMO dirt ere built up adorn mord the bark wail et the herr in Oh ghee, the dutch tem which (the piper seA tbe Abilleded compound me Thigh dry us hp, be wenn ma reether espeetally, weir. sits sosswals AA al .Mel wide .. et derallne% both petmel demotic, with a hada" oreeterrdlnw et berm eght - bear The fe an maple a sprintaloft IS het h einte,.. ll lnt fever err ley bodubd yeti we the Ye Ise words at two weeks ; end eta aerie the hear imendlegely mbar It. At tar date the ore es Ned Set se chassis midi be got de aw. these mleeablr, nd, r Right be espered, several of them MK while others, es moos ae were able le leave this den of pollution, crawled awe?, Is all probaMitr to die la more giber pert of the city : The backwardness o Scotland in joining the sani tary movement is indicated by the circumstance that while the Journal of Public Health announces in its first number, that it has correspondents in all the leading towns in England, only three places in Scot land—Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Inverness—are named for a like purpose. Aberdeen, and Anderston, Glas gow, have associations already formed, and in towns such as Dundee, Perth, Inverness, Paisley, .Montrose, many persons will be found thoroughly alive to the Importance of progress in this matter, provided steps are taken to secure their co-operat on. One hopeful sign is that an Edinburgh journal has commenced a weekly series of articles called the " Scavenger," in which an , attempt is to be made to show, sanitarily, why fever is so fatal in Edinburgh. Still the lukewarmness that exists in the general mass is annoying as well as irreconcileable with the known intelligence of the population. The association for the protection of public rights of roadway in Scotland is proceeding about its busi ness with some earnestness of purpose : An office has been opened for it in one of the principal streets, and a staff of functionaries attached. The subscriptions amount to upwards of 4001. 1 as being FREE CHURCH COLLEMIL—It was formerly _ that Dr. Candlish was to succeed Dr. Chalmers as professor of divinity in this seminary, but as the gentleman who was to succeed Dr. Candlish as minister of St. Georges Free Church has died suddenly, and as difficulty is anticipated in getting another suitable successor, it is understood that Dr. Candlish is temporarily, if not permanently, to give up the professorship, and resume the orders of the pastoral office. DEATH OP THE REV. ALEXANDER STEWART.—IHUIS- Rence was received in Edinburgh, on Sunday, of the death of the Rev. Alexander Stewart, of Cromarty, who had re ceived a call to succeed to the Re►. Dr. Candlish, in St. George's Free Church, Edinburgh. The reverend gentle. man died of brain fever, supposed to have been excited by the prospect of translation. His congregation in Cremerty having been deeply attached to him, there was every reason to anticipate their opposition to his translation ; and, on the other hand, it was expected that the St. George's congrega tion, in consequence of parting with Dr. Candlish, were very likely to succeed in obtaining the man of their choice: — Edinburgh l'aper. SUICIDE OF A MINISTER OF THE CHURCH OF SCOT LAND.—The Rev. Mr. Nelson, formerly connected with the relief body, but late pastor of the pawl sacra parish of Patna, committed suicide on Thursday last. He had been observed to be in low spirits for the last week or two ; but that he would have put violent hands on himself never for one moment occurred to the simple minded peasantry among whom he was located. We (Daily Mail) have heard no reason assigned for this dreadful act. Mr. Nelson had been missing for a couple of days, and on the day mentioned was discovered in a wood, near the village of Straiton, suspended from a tree. The unfortunate gentleman had been dead for a considerable time. He wu between forty and fifty yearn of age. GLASGOW MEAL MEETING —This assembly passed off with great r eins. The Lord Provost presided, and the at tendance was about 4,000. A committee was appointed to take steps for the effectual suppression of meal adulteration ; and the Lord Provost promised, if need were, to bring in a parliamentary measure if necessary. RECLAIMING FEMALE PRISONERS.—Mr. Sheriff June son, in moving that the annual grant of 401. to the Edin burgh Dean Bank Institution should be increased to 1001., raid that it possessed all the advantages of a house of refuge. It cost altogether about 4001. a year, and within its walls twenty or thirty juvenile delinquents were trained for ser vice so successfully, that there was always a great demand for them as soon as they were ready to become domestic servants. Since 1833, upwards of 100 females had been reclaimed from vice and depravity, and many of them were now faithful servants is respectable families. It was pro posed to erect another institution of the same kind in another 'part of the town, and seeing that only 2401. of the 8001. received annually for SRN was given to charities by the board, he hoped it would agree to vote 100!. for this most useful purpose.—The motion was unanimously agreed to. LITERATURE, A Fiaancial,3lOnetary,and Statistical History of England. By THOS. DOUBLEDAY, Esq. Nothing has more impeded the progress of econo mical science than the disposition manifested in all ages by its professors to separate the agency of man from the phenomena of matter, and to base all cal culations upon the latter, to the neglect of the former. Such a mode of dealing with the complex and subtle problems of economics could not but mislead and dis hearten from the numberleso contradictions which it produced Premises to all appearance similar produced everywhere incongruous results. The laws sought to be deduced from isolated facts were found to be iucapa ble of general application, and often to prescribe a course directly at variance with moral precept and the finer feelings. Sad, indeed, has been the rule of this school of economy for England. Under its influence we have seen whole classes set at variance with their fellow citizens. Food has been doled cut by a classification of land instead of cultivation, and improvements in agriculture have been denounced by the leader of these false prophets as tending to diminish rents. It has been supposed necessary to con demn the poor and the morally weak to unprofitable and debasing labour, lest their earnings should be found to detract from the gains of the fair trader. The free interchange of the productions of industry, the means ranted to man by his Maker to compensate for a distribution of gifts specially scattered with seeming irregularity, in order that this bond of union among wilful denizens of the earth should be stronger than the turmoil of their passions—this interchange,lthe source of wealth and the firmest gage of peace and enjoyment, has been interdicted and denounced as prejudicial to national wealth and power. How can we wonder then that one of the simplest results of national economy, the trust worthiness that one man acquires, and the con fidence that another is willing to repose in hiss, should be denied a fitting place in the cata logue of the sources of wealth recognised by such a school ? Credit, the moat valuable result of moral restraint and neighbourly feelings, to the creation and extension of which, punctuality, order, honesty, and friendly trust, are indispensable re quisites—credit has until recently never been pointed out either by English or French economists as the distinguishing feature between highly civilised states and such as are backward in cultivation. It is not enumerated as part of the productive property of nations, although manifestly an object of high money value where it is saleable. It may safely be affirmed that credit, more than anything else, determines the value of houses and all town property. The price of a house is fixed by the demand for houses in that particular neighbourhood. Hence the varying rents of tenements of all kinds ; and those arc sure to bring in most which are situated in the most thriving neighbourhoods. There is in this respect a difference between countries: both property and labour are more valuable in countries where order is well developed than elsewhere. But some transactions actually show credit to be tangible and saleable : such is the price paid for the goodwill of a shop, the fee to celebrated engineers or other professional men, on whose repu tation the person paying it stakes so much to ensure his success. On giving these considerations their due value, it will be seen that this precious element of political economy allows of our bringing within the scope of economical calculation all the duties, feel ings, and springs of moral power that society engen ders. Indeed, after a little contemplation it becomes evident that these form the leading economical func tions in calculations of loss or gain. It caunot be denied that the success of a nation, as of an individual, is far more ascribable to the use made of the intellec tual faculties than to the nature of the goods or pro ducts, artificial or natural, towards the acquirement of which our attention is turned. Thus many of the nations of Europe abound in wealth far beyond that possessed by the countries in the western and eastern hemispheres where gold is extracted from the earth. Venice and Genoa, like Marseilles, Hamburg, and Antwerp, have been at various times greater depots for porn, although mere seaports, than large agrarian districts. Europe probably consumes the greatest share of all the products of the tropical countries. And are we to ascribe all this to aught else than the power of the mind—a power which can only be exerted to advantage in obedi ence to the dictates of justice, moderation, and humanity ? Ought we not, therefore, to re joice at the notion of reinstating this grand principle in its place as an element, and that the leading one, of economical power ? But, in order to effect this change, a host of preju dices (certainly peculiar to the learned world) must be destroyed, and common sense reinstated as the standard of judgment. Foremost amongst the innovations, it mast be re cognised that things are only valued according to their usefulness. Either they give us pleasure, or they satisfy our wants. There can be no greater absurdity than to assert that things are only valuable from the labour or coin or any other price that must be laid out in producing them. The notion is disproved by the ex perience of every man in common life. Judged by this test, Dutch or Irish butter must be more valuable than that of Epping. A farm in the Highlands ought to produce for the Londoner more costly products than one in Kent or in Essex, East India might to be bettet than West India sugar, and, in short, a masa of ridi‘ culous contradictions might be cited until we wearied our readers. That certain things are limited in num ber and extent, and that in such case the more expen sive fixes the price of what cost less to produce, di rectly contradicts the supposition that the coat of pro duction is the source of value ; for we see that all are valued by consumers exactly alike, if their quality be the same, whether they cost much or little to pro duce. We have dwelt long upon this point on ac count of the sad demoralising tendencies of the old, happily aeon to be the exploded, view of value. To recognise the wants, wishes, and feelings of men as the index of value, is to acknowledge the importance of cultivating men's tastes: it is the grand argument in favour of education. To measure value by mils, by labour, by arguments founded on necessity, chiefly inducwl by ignorance, is to plead the cause of that ignorance against improvement, to set up an idol made with hands, in the place of that power which 'sea into the heart and judges man as an intellectual being. But in no branch of political economy is this creed, which in oar day has been worshipped in the most bigoted manner, more dangerous than when it is applied to currency. For instances of the amusing contradictions into which its followers are led, we refer to the two first letters of Mr. Doubleday's work, where the many fallacies that fill volumes of political economy of the old school are retailed without inves tigation and without reserve. Thus we are told (p. 17), " Things are not valuable in the proportion in which they are useful." We must not seek for the cause of value in commodities themselves, but in something extrinsic and external ; and that cause is the vunatity of labour required to ob tain them. " Gold is twenty times as valuable as silver, because to obtain an ounce of gold takes twenty times the labour that is required for acquiring an ounce of silver." (p. 19). But then again he adds, (p. 19), " If gold were twice as plentiful, and re quired only half that labour, it would fail in value ac cordingly and be only ten times as valuable as silver." We know that these propositions are repeated to nausea in almost every book published in London that professes to treat of these matters. But are the ex ceptions not to meet with any regard? Mr. Senior pointed out long since that gold is obtained with far less difficulty than silver, and is constantly found pure, whereas silver demands a highly refined and costly chemical process to produce it. Mr. Doubleday has thrown together the two very different circum stances of demanding labour and being limited in quantity. But it is less to correct his logic that we go into the matter here, than on account of the im mense importance to the nation, at a moment when a legislative crisis is approaching for our currency, to have clear views upon it. The intrinsic quality of gold and silver—their not being liable to corrode—is the true source of the value of those metals; and there is, in fact, a perpetual rivality between the goldsmith and the banker, which upholds the true par of value. For table, culinary, and many ether utensils, gold and silver are in each demand, that to keep . them in the shape of coin somewhat higher price must be given than they would otherwise bear. But, that their usefulness as stoney is very much diminished, needs no other proof than the comparatively small quantity used in Eng land as compared with other countries, regard being bad to the comparative extent of traffic in all. Our mote circulation (exclusive of government issues or exchequer bills) equals our circulation in gold. Bills circulate to perhaps seven] or eight times the amount of both. Now, money may be defined as each theorist chooses for himself : the broad fact isevident— with less than our present circulation, this country cannot be contented. With this circulation it has done wonders, and the chances are that, with greater facilities, it would do still more wonderful things. But will any one pretending to reason affirm that what has been achieved by our merchants and mann fireturers would have been better done, or would have resulted in more, if, instead of every bank-note used in the present century, a sovereign had circulated, and if bills had been rendered unnecessary by the presence of five hundred millions of sovereigns? We think nobody will be so bold. Well, then, of what use is a proposition like this (p. 19) : " Money is only valuable as the material of which it is made is valuable." This value is afterwards explained to mean, that sovereigns are more valuable than notes. The value which some readers might attach to a note from its being possible to carry it in one's pocket in stead of on a wheelbarrow, does not enter into the author's calculation. Setting aside the cost of pro ducing the growing quantity of money required for trade, and which would have to be deducted from profits, we would merely suggest that the intellectual qualities called into play to produce the value that has been lent to half a million of pounds annually repre sented in paper, is the true capital of the Itritish nation. The qualities that create credit, and the skill . to use it, are sources of wealth for:which we need not, resort to slaves in Brazil nor to astkin ROW&RnMfa. Let every Englishman carry it, if lit:fail* about with him. . . The deplorable aide of our preie is, that instead of turning people's thOfig to the notes-) sity of creating credit, and to the of what they should do with it, all are taught t 6 &eta of par- PROVINCIAL. ............ WARRINGTON ELECTION.—The Manchester Guar dian says ' " It is talked of in this borough, by persoas who are likely to know the truth of the matter, that it is the in tention of Win. Alcard, Esq., who contested this borough at the late election on the liberal interest, to petition against the return of his opponent, Gilbert Gretnall, Esq., en the ground of gross bribery having been resorted to in the for warding of ihe interests of Mr. Greenell." GILMOUR, THE SWINDLER, who has been commit ting so many depredations upon Liverpool tradesmen, has appeared in Manchester with a similar object for the benefit 'of that locality. His character, however, being well known to the police ' a leech was put upon his actions, and as he issued forth day by day, to distribute his orders amongst un suspecting tradesmen, two clever officers of the detective police accompanied him in all his rambles. Fast as he gave Lis orders (which he did with a liberal hand) a policeman fol lowed after and apprised the parties who he was, so that the ordi rs, which varied from a pair of boots to 1,0001. worth of yarn, were never executed. Nothing daunted, however, Mr. Gilmour would, no doubt, have remained in the town, but for a visit which he received a few days since from Mr. Resnick, the superintendent of police, who advised him to leave the town. At first, Mr. Gilmour took his advice in high dudgeon, but ultimately admitted that it would per- Imps be the best course, and he promised to leave Maa chester the next day, when he accordingly departed. FALSE PRETENCES.—At the borough court of Man chester, on Tuesday, a Mary Jane Loyd was charged with obtaining goods under false pretences. On the 14th of August the prisoner, in company with a lady whom she represented to be her sister, ailed at the shop of Mrs. Came ron, upholsterer and furniture dealer, of No. 8, Albert-place, and there bought a sofa, for which her sister raid. In a day or two afterwards the prisoner visited the same shop alone, informing Mrs. Cameron that she wu about to settle in Manchester, and that she would require her house furnished throughout. She stated that she was a Mrs. Leyd, widow of Captain Loyd, late of the 10 th Hussars , who had fallen in the war of Affghanistan. She spoke most affectingly of her sufferings in the East, informing Mrs. Cameron that she had shared the captivity of Ladies Bale teim and M'Naughten , and, along with her husband, had e enced the vicissitudes of that sad and disastrous cam She also represented herself as in the receipt of a of 701. per annum, as a captain's widow, and sta r that ler daughter had been allowed a pension of 501. Added to this she said she was entitled to about 7501. prize money, due to her deceased husband. She told Mrs. Cameron that she was not just then in possession of any money, beyond what would suffice for her immediate wants, and under these cir cumstances asked for credit. She produced a number of papers and documents in support of her story, stating that she had been recommended by Mr. Maude, a stipendiary magistrate, who had himself bought some chairs there, sad thought them exceedingly cheap. On the faith of these 1.- preseatations, Mrs. Cameron undertook to famish the home, when the widow selected and gave orders for furniture, &e., to the amount of 1501. The orders were executed to the extent of 12.5 t., which was to be paid by instal ments. Considerable delay ensued, and Mrs . Cameron, being at length unable to obtain her money, ap plied to Mr. Beswick, the superintendent of police, who recognised the " captain's widow" at once, not as the com.pk nion in captivity of the heroic Lady Sale, but as the wedded wife of an humble bricklayer, d now living. He had, it Ap peared, had the widow to deal with before, and knew her from the description. When apprehended and told the charge against her, she confessed that all her representations were false. When brought up in the dock witnesses were called to disprove her story ; amongst thereat Mr. Maude, who disclaimed her acquaintance, and she was fully committed to the sessions, to answer the charge before a jury. On Sa turday last she sold the whole of the furniture in her house for 441. to a broker, from Bolton. -- • THE. DEATH ON BOARD THE DUCHESS OF KENT STEAMER.—A letter from the poor-law commissioners to the clerk of the board of guardians at Rochdale, states that the commissioners have had under consideration, the report of Mr. Austin, end the evidence taken by that gentleman at Rochdale, and noticed that there were several omission, of duty on the part of officers of the Rochdale union, occurring through want of a proper apprehension of those duties, but state that, "There is no reason to suppose the boy Duignan (one subject of enquiry) did not receive every proper care whilst he was a patient in the hospital, or that he was not in a fit state of bodily health to be removed to Ireland before he quitted it. During the journey to Liverpool from the hospital he was not neglected. The attention of the commis goners has also been directed to a resolution in the minutes of the proceedings of the guardians, which shows that the board were desirous of the Duignsn's being removed to Ireland in the company of persons who would take proper care of them. DIeTRESS IN ROCHDALE.—A deputation of influen tial rate-payers met tke poor-law guardians on Monday, at the board meeting, to concert measures for alleviating the distress under which the labouring cluses of the borough are suffering, consequent upon the depression of the cotton trade. James Heald, Esq., M.P., was the chairman. The interview was a private one. It turns out, however, that the board insisted upon their competence to relieve the prevailing distress, if tke rate-payers would supply them with the means of doing so. The deputation called upon them to effect this object at any cost. Another meeting of the influential inha bitants was held, by adjournment, at the Court-house, that afternoon, and the result of their conference with the board of guardians was communicated to them by Mr. Heald. There was a prevailing disposition to enter upon a public subscrip tion' but the board of guardians had apparently discouraged that measure. A committee was appointed for the purpose of investigating aggravated cases of distress, and bringing them before the guardians from time to time; and any gen- demons was, of counc, left to his option of relieving indivi dual suffering. One of the methods of relieving the claims upon the guardians will be, that every religious denomina tion will attend to the wants of their respective congregations. This in all the progress made by the town, in answer to the memorial of the unemployed to the mayor. .c. SELLING ADULTERATED unasaaas FLOUR AT LEEDS.—Yes terday, Samuel Vickers, and Elizabeth his wife, who stead remanded on a charge of having sold flour adulterated with Paris white and plaster of Paris, underwent a further exami nation at the Court-house, Leeds. A number of witnesses were examiaed, who proved that within the last four or five weeks they had purchased flour at the shop of the defendant at a cheap rate, and that after having partaken of bread made from it, they and the members of their families had been taken ill, having pains in the head and chest and constipated bowels.—Mr. W. West, F.lt.S., stated that he had analysed portions of the bread in question, and that he found it to contain carbonate of lime ai,tl sulphate of lime, in proportions slightly varying, but amounting in the aggregate to one ounce in 14, or about one lb. in every atone. lie had also analysed portions of the flour taken from the bins in the defendant's shops, and they gave the same re sults.—Mr. Naylor, solicitor, who appeared for the defend ants, urged that what the female prisoner had done she had done as the wife of the man, and on that ground she should be discharged.—Both the prisoners were remanded until this day. CHESHIRE. THE GOVERNMENT AND THE BIRKENHEAD DOCK COMMlBBloNBRlL—Yesterday . an adjourned meeting of the Birkenhead Dock Commiss ioners was held at the rooms, Hamiltonaquare. Mr. Was. Potter presided. Mr. Wain read the minutes of arrangement between the Woods and Forests and the Birkenhead Dock Commissioners, and which were 18 in number : 1. That the land granted by the crown to the Birkenhead Dock Commiseioners for the construction of the river wall, and comprising about 16 acres, should be re-invested is the crown free from all re strictions, to the intent that the crown may have the entire frontage to the river Matey, and not be interfered with about dips, or stairn, or wharfs, or whenvise.-2. That In consequence of the improve ment in value of the property above-mentioned, the crown shall bear the exilic cost of constructing and completang the river will, and the cost of excavating the foundations of the said wall, and the crown shall reimburse to the dock commbselonern the cent of con structing ouch portions of the wall as are now completed, and which amount, to 21,10071. lea. ed., the money so reimbursed to be applied by the dock come:Melon.' in further prosecution of the works of the great tidal hamin.-3. Full amounts of the expenditure incurred in milding sock portions of the river wall as shall be rendered to the Commissioners of Wood. and examined by them, and It any question about the expenditure crises , the same shall he subject to • reference. —4. The crown Mall defray the eon of continuing the wall from the point where it is now completed to the river front of the crown re scree, and the cost of the foundation of the same, and also the cog of backing it to keep it from damage ; and the crown then stipulate to pay the sumof 46,Me1. —5. The Commissioners of Wood., Muting that the Birkenhead Dock Commie oven obtained rock at klaybrick-hill, free of royalty, and that rail. arc Did down from the hill to the dock, for the conveyance of rock, a continuance of the privilege of obtaining the rock free, and of using the mile free, was expect.] to be granted to the crown. The crown further stipulated to have the ricer-wall built under the superintendence of their own engineers, in cam they should be dile-Matted with the engineers of the dock commiesioners ; and if the work were executed by the dock commissioners, then proper eetimatm of the same were to be rendered to the Weeds, and app: Dyed of by them, tind full accounts were ales to be rendered periodically and at short Mt.-vela during the progress of the works.-6. The mil excavated from the tidal basin shall be deposited equally far the pur poee of hacking the river wall and the other works extending to the crown reserve, and nliallbe levelled and sloped under the direction of the crown, by and at the expertse of the dock ounimissioners.—The seventh speci fied the slips and openings which were to be made at the cost of the crown.—The eighth provided that the absolute property in the river wall and the content over the same, should he vested In the crown. —The ninth specified that the rights and privileges of the ferries of Woodside, Sze., should he protected by a on tale proviso—The tenth was, that the crown should advance to the dock commissioners teams not exceeding 13,innit. to be applied in the construction and comet. lion of the great tidal basin and the walls of the basin, ite. —The eleventh was that the crown should have priority over all other charges for the money so advanced and the interest thereof.-17. That the dock commigionere should call in the moneys due to them by the Birkenhead Dock Company, the Birkenhead, Lancashire, and Cheshire Ra il way Company, and the township; and all moneys so received are to he expended by them in the continuous prosecution of the outer weak., including the graving docks.-13. The crown shall be empowered to me in the name and on the behalf of the dock commtwioners, if the tansy altould fail to enforce their just demands.-14. All warmth for works shall be subject to the approval of the Commissioners of Woods and Forests.-1.5. All amounts to he rendered monthly by the dock conenisnoners.-113. That the constitution of the dock trust Mall be remodelled, and be composed of thirtevn commiseionere, who shall be named in the act, and continue In ofßoe until the works are completed, and Ave years after. Of these thirteen oorumiseinnerei, the chairman shall be nominated by the crown; six nhallbe nominated by Birkenhead; three by Wallasey, including &menthe; and the remaining three by the holders of bonds of the dock commissioners; all nommations of commissioners, original or nubsequent, to be subject to the approval of the crown.-17. That the Commissionets of Woods and Forests shall have a genera] control and superintendence over the execution of the works, and may appoint inspecors or surveying otlicers.-18. That the dock COMM/4.)MM shall not now or hereafter, so long as any part of the crown advance remains unpaid, lease or part with powession of any part of the dock', tolls, or other property vented in them, or transfer to, or de pute any other person or persons to execute their powers er authori ties without the consent in writing of the Commi.seioners of Woods. Upon the motion of Mr. Pike, seconded by Mr. Greene, the whole of these minutes of arrangement were confirmed. It appeared from the conversation which followed, that the commissioners, in consequence of the absence from town of Lord Morpeth, were unable to say whether the bill sanc tioning these arrangements between the two bodies would be made a crown measure or not; but, by the advice of the dock commissioners, the necessary parliamentary notices for promoting the bill next session have been in serted in the Chester papers, and will appear in Friday's Gazette. ANCIENT GERMAN COINSFOIIND AT NAWORTH. —During the progress of the works of Naworth Castle, • number of German coins have been found, from time to time, by the workmen employed in clearing out the rubbish caused by the fire. They are of copper, very thin, and somewhat smaller than a shilling, and are mostly in good preservation. The inscription of one of the beet preserved of them is, on one side, " Gorr-acumar-DIE-Enst-asci " (" To God alone the honour be ") ; and on the other, HANNO•KRAVRINCKEL-IN-NVn" ("John Krauwinekel, in Nuremberg "). These coins are supposed to belong to the period of the Reformation in Germany, when the town of Nuremberg played so prominent • part; and their pre sence at Naworth is probably to be accounted for by the fact that, in the wars with Scotland, Henry VIII. and his suc cessors employed numerous bands of mercenary troops — some of whom would, doubtless, be occasionally quartered at Naworth and the other border fortresses of the Deere family, the head of which was so frequently invested with the office of Lord Warden of the Marches. Sir Walter Scott, it will be remembered, is the " Lay of the Last Minstrel," makes Watt Tinlinn, in enumerating the advancing foe to the Lady of Breaksorne, speak of The Clerman hackbet.men, Who have long lain at Aekerten; and the Protector Somerset, writing to the Lord nacre of Naworth, Warden of the West Marches, on the 27th of September, 1549, says The Almaine, in number 2,000, very valiant soldiers, shall be sent to you shortly from New castle, together with Sir Thomas liolcroft, and, with the force of your Wardenry (which we would were advanced to the most strength of horsemen that may be), shall make the attempt to Loughmaben." -------- PROGRESS OF TIIE ASIATIC CHOLERA.—On Toes day evening a meeting of the Worcester town council wea held, at which Mr. Councillor Arrowsmith read the follow ing communication from Falmouth :—" A cue of cholera on board a ship from the Black Sea has occurred here ; ship placed under quarantine. Another ship arrived with a foul bill of health ; under quarantine." This fell disease being now at our very doors, the speaker brought the matter be • fore the council with the view of taking some steps to be pre pared for the event should the scourge visit Worcester. The following resolution on the subject was unanimously adopted That a committee be appointed with a view to consult the medical gentlemen of the city so to the propriety of forming a board of health, to adopt ouch precautionary measures as may be deemed necessary, to consequence of the ' threatened approach of the Asiatic cholera." A committee with a similar object was appointed by the Gloucester council on Friday hat. SUIDTTIMIIITAT awn ----- DEPRESSION IN THE CARPET TRADE.—The Ner eastk Advertiser tap, in consequence of the great depres sion in trade, the firm of Mews. Winpenny, Middleton, and Co., of Baroardcastle, have suspended their works for the present, and a great number of; hands have been thrown off work. Several of the workmen belonging to the other manufactories have not had a single job for several weeks put, the remainder are only partial employed. (heat dis tress prevails in the neighbourhood.ly 'll 1 i V'