The Express. — London, England, 1846-09-03 00:00:00

I I tarta — th 1 - 11;beiee poperitiptlik. at the rale at Ith. N. per reirler.lf ta abeam. ONWItYNS NEWSPAPER OFFICE., Oadierisho street. Ilahlilted la 1814.—THE 10110111, sew limbo Pros. aim the MILT MIMS terrertled sit pole lithe eoeatty seta at ptedithei. The AlOa it. awl Ilte War at lea 411. par ~sr, plts 111 r ued al the Deep lad Weekly Pews int erlitt the pealed prtetemlttpr. _ ham MIMI Lembo Nowigapt Mee, le, liabrently- Patablidield 99 years Terms, 196.8 d. per 64 pad fa avows: Id wed& - - THE EXPRESS refpaiarly bUYYLLIsu by rear, at lb. roc minter la adiesee, ar U. ls. wear credit 'he DAILY NEWs peeled by Rondo( /64,M his. eerier Is advance, or lie 6d. pet frortw wedit; M and 1= quarter In advance, or 14e. FA quarter emit. The Deli Wroldy, and other pepen reosiorly sand ed post 71110 TRY _ Never-agent, 2, SeE.ww.t Temnl..har. Lnadre. THE EXPRESS is for warded to ail ports uy the learrai Na il at lit. SA per quarter. Strict regularity may be deponded M. Orders received by JOSEPH LEE, News Mo e , titeralley, taisirrelealrest. rEXPEEML—THOMAB MUDIE SONS risa le rale tar nivi V z iar . e:d .73r E x press" by everdng eel. le err* la the =orb. *l7 1 1 "! et the whines of Weft easterowe. wire Ile • gm's, or baitycer. A re names of ISt OIL via pay tw a quartiles e Ewer," and will be prompely adrewlsaged. liriWe Newspaper Oar, 15, Coventry. ewer, Lesko, (abilisbel SO years.) ORDERS for THE EXPRESS punctually sompist Ie i :WET WM. SAUNDERS, and Apert ler .71e err larks, ea receipt or rushee.* ardor lir saleadpire er Id kr dine sramihs, or les. for siz marra The tide sapped. MEE EXPRESS.—F. W begs to an nexes, that be receives ardent* "7b Itireas," mew Lacks I wick ng pap e r Ilia 63, ll dit zaates= Timid ha shame. Direct to Ilia _ _ -OEOiOlllBlll2ll and CO., 7, T1111•184/1112. print an Or war the addresses of these who *Naar Om tiY Shale Min he bag a year. Post-oaten orders ha madlisty aimania•pL • quartsr, lilt. 6d.; half-year, 11. lb. THB EXPRESS, EVENING PAPER—JOHN eat WILLIAM CHAPLIN, news agents, 52, Fleet-lane, Farriaghienekeat. ilemeneed will peaetteeby attend to all orders that thz . y= be ebb. EXPRESS.—Ordars punctually attended to I:at THOMAS MlllllHrilfewensver Ofilee, 7. fit. John square, Lambe. eidaMbiallY w flubeeriptiom, In advance, Mt. SiL T N T, et a espy will be forwarded In (melange for three *ma la of Leaden newsmen and their prase awe be en applealea es above. he etriareoo. MAILS. • The meld for Maddre, leering. limes Ayres, and Monte Video, will be reds ep on ths eyrie ef dr eth kat. (to.monsnr). The Writ virdeo indedwg these tor Mexico, Hondurea, and Hiram, well le arid rip at re of the 17th inst. Ms reds kr Cereersollme, Operas Modeles. Cadiz, and Gibraltar, vidl be ride wp on the of ler Cont. The eseziand ceased rads, sr to the Mediterranean, Egypt, Aden, Cod" India, Hoeg-Kens, de., will be made up on the wrung of the Het hut. The mails for British North Albedo, Bermuda, and the United States, will be made up on the erre, of the lath tact. The malls for Gibraltar, Malta, dr lonian Wands. rink, Aden. Ceylon, India, Hong-Kong, sad Chew, will be made up on the morning of the Met inst. TO CORRESPONDENTS. We cannot aoHas, in any way, any aommankatioa that Is mint to as ancoymossly ; bat those who shown to Mahar as in mildew will tad their lonSdanos rasprotad. NEITHER CAN WE UNDERTAKE TO RETURN ANY MANUSCRIPTS WHATEVER. BIOS WAWA AT LONDON-BILIDOR. TIM D44.-21=r WM. pad II; Attend" La. pdt Todomow.— glO Ida. pat 0; Alta a" 43 db. past 0. LONDON, THURSDA-Y, SEPTEMBER 3. Tae Government measures of Irish Relief are freely criticised on both sides of St. George's channel. Most of these comments appear based either on a disregard of the peculiar emergency of the time, or on a wilful misconception of the nature and objects of Government efforts. To reduce a nation to pauperism, would be not only a profligate but a suicidal policy. Is it likely that with the warning of last year's mischief from ill judged interference, however partial, with trade and labour, that the present Executive would follow, sheep-fashion, on the same fatal path ? That they have not done so, the points of difference between their measures and those of their predecessors sufficiently prove. But those who impugn the proposed scheme of relief on this ground, over look altogether its scope and intention. It is not held out as a panacea for Irish distrese,but as a means of averting Irish starvation. It is called patchwork policy. But we must patch, when there is a hole to be stopped. The vacuum of empty bellies will not wait for " comprehensive measures," unless, besides being comprehensive, they are immediate. And the true test of their wisdom is the degree in which they originate future good, while removing present priva tion. In proportion as the Government scheme is realised, will be the permanence of the benefits it offers. It has been framed expressly with a view to this. The works to be commenced are to be works of public advantage. An effective and vigilant Board is to select them, not a selfish and rapacious Landlordry. The first object is to diminish the pressure of starvation. While this threatens, considerations of political economy take second rank. England does . not begrudge her capital at such a time. The very men who exclaim against treasury loans, would be the first to open a cry of "selfishness" on the Govern ment that refused them. It is only when taken in connexion with other im provements, however, and viewed with their chain of collateral effects, that we can rightly appreciate the possible results of these measures. To enlarge a har bour, to finish a canal, to set a railway cutting in pro gress, may seem a waste of means when there are no ships to enter the first, no goods to be conveyed along the last. But in &country abounding with the undevel oped germs of capital ; with labour, facilities for water communication, water power, a sea teeming with fish, a fertile soil, stone and marble, ores and flax, corn and cat.le ; it is clear that the money capital to work these must flow ia, when the obstacles to its employment are removed. The most operative of these at present are, that insecurity which results mainly from the unhappy dependence of the peasant on his plot of potato ground, and the want of those means of rapid communication which the relations of modern commerce demand. The de pendence en the soil seems for the present broken up by the revolt of the soil itself. As if conscious of the mischief that had taken root, and grown with its produce, it refuses to perpetuate the united and pes tilent issue. It is obvious that the works undertaken under the present pressure, however judicious the selection of them, or however untainted with the plague of jobbery, can of themselves effect bat a small frac tion of this good. Bat it is a beginning in the right way. Even this is new to Ireland. It is attended, moreover, by the promise of just measures, as be tween landlord and tenant. Nor is this promise only. Enough has been done to guarantee continuance in the direction pointed out by sound policy no less than equity. Nor is the prospect of good limited by the narrow horizon of social interests. England is pledged to grant to Ireland political and municipal equality with herself. It is a superficial view which sees in Irish disorders the fruits of only social wrongs. All such have a political root ; and must, to be effec tually cured, receive their share of political remedy. It becomes of interest to mark the tone of the Young Ireland organ at this crisis. This, also, takes up the pauper cry. It sees in the relief measures a form of Poor-law : a measure of which it quotes the Economists illustration : " That it is simply giving a hungry dog a piece of his own tail to eat." It merely, says the Nation, takes money from one man to feed another. But, surely, if one man has money, and refuses to give a share of it to another who wants food, the law may compel him to do so, rather than allow the foodless to perish. It may be an inter ference with private property, but it is so in the same sense as that in which all law may be said to be an interference with private liberty. If, moreover, as Young Ireland contends, absenteeism is continually draining off the capital raised out of ' Irish soil and Irish labour, it is inconsistent to com plain of a measure because it arrests some of thjt capital in transitu, and appropriates it on the spit where it is most needed. The Nation takes for granted that the relief works are to be unprofitable. One the contrary, that they shall be re-productive is a main object of the 000200 010 201102 10 &bytes sad intends& seeepayees to a responsible and disintseinted pabbaboart The Nation enumerates the the deasorabieg affects of these public works ; bow the lebevsses, having the example before their eyes of a great public fraud, themselves defraud their fraudulent employers; how they quit agricultural parsaite,where they earn a fair day's wages for a fair day's labour, and crowd into the public works, where they pretend to be cutting down hills and filling up hollows, and, with tongue in cheek, receive half wages for doing nothing. "To take so much labour (which is Ireland's wealth) and waste it, is precisely as if the value of it, the produce that might have been created by it, were buried in the sea ; but to take the honest labourers and cottiers themselves, and make swin dling, sturdy beggars of them by the thousand and the myriad—no wonder that Mr. MONSELL, and many another thinking man, is looking on with horror and dismay." But there are remedies directed to these very abuses in the late act. The work is to be piece-work. The wages are to be below the agricultural standard. In fact, the whole argument of the Nation assumes that the mischiefs of last year's act are to be perpe tuated :in :this. Its excuse may be that it has not, before writing, seen the Treasury Minute which we published on Tuesday. Except in the simple point of providing food for the starving, and that only in ap hids inaccessible to ordinary trading supplies, Lord Jour; RUSSELL'S plan differs from Sir ROBERT PEEL'S, and that in excluding the causes of those very evils which are chosen for denunciation and exposure. England may claim for the measures of the late go vernment, as for those of the present, the credit of good intentions. Ireland has to answer for the nullification of those intentions. If the jobbery of her landlords selected unproductive fields of labour; if the dupli city of her peasants received wages for work which they shirked; even in these, England is not to blame. But, grown wiser by last year's experience, barriers have been thrown up against the cupidity of Irish landlords and the trickery of Irish labourers. Ire , land shall not be pauperized, if we can help it ; Government have done all that even their large means and powerful machinery can do, to relieve without creating the habit of dependence ; and to provide springs of prosperityrwhich shall not cease to flow, like the wells of an Eastern caravan, when the immediate needs of those who first use them are satisfied. TnE Derby Nomination took place yesterday, when, after the speeches usual on such occasions (elsewhere duly reported), the show of hands was declared to be in favour of Mr. Svarrr. It is well to have to record so auspicious a beginning; for we do not think the circumstances of this contest very creditable to the promoters of it. Mr. Snurrr has represented Derby in Parliament since 1830, and a more honest representative never eat in the House of Commons. Without being an orator, he is always gladly and respectfully listened to, because he rises not to snake a speech but to advance business. He is looked up to as one of the best informed and most judicious authorities in all matters relating to private bill committees and the class of business referred to them. He is, in I short, one of a small class of members without whom the business of the House would always be getting into confusion. Add to this, he is a man of unblem ished integrity, of sound judgment, and a strenuous mortar of liberty both of thought and action. Himself a Churchman, he has ever been ready to interpose between those who seek to stretch the power of the Church beyond due limits, and all classes of Diasenters from her doc trine and discipline. Mr. STRUTT has uniformly supported triennial parliaments and the ballot, as means of keeping pure our extended constituency. He has ale) been an intelligent and zealous advocate of Free-trade. Take him for all in all, he is exactly the kind of man whom rational and practical Liberals must be anxious to see kept in Parliament ; and of whom any high-spirited and independent constituency might be supposed to say with honest pride, " We sent and we keep him there." Yet Mr. Svasrrr, having to undergo the ceremony of a re-election ; having undertaken the task, deli cate and difficult as it is important, of organising a new department of executive government; of ascertaining, experimentally, how far the new railway board may interfere with the development of the railway system, so as to secure the lives and limbs of us all, and protect us against monopoly, without cramping or diverting enterprise and capital from a natural chan nel;—has encountered with a fierce opposition in his native town. It seems to be imagined that the rival candidate has a chance, though personally unknown to the electors ; and though all that his partisans can say to recommend him as n legislator is, that he fought gallantly in the Peninsula, and displayed both energy and humanity in checking the unhappy Bristol riots of October, 1831. Any attempt at comparison or contrast of the two men in respect of fitness for legislative duties, is out of the question. Sir DIGBY MACKWORTII, if chosen by the electors of Derby, will be chosen not for any merits of his own, but for demerits supposed to exist in Mr. Staurr. What, then, has Mr. STRUTT said, or done, or been suspected of, to neutralise all the high qualities which have made him so efficient a member of the legislature ? We pass over the miserable piece of parish poli tics the difference of opinion that appears to exist between Mr. STRUTT and some of his supporters, as to the exact degree of warmth and pertinacity with which the claims of the burgesses to certain rights of pasture ought to be urged. Opposition could never rest on a question of that kind. The sole offence of Mr. Sratrrr, the fault which is to outweigh a parliamentary service of sixteen years, useful to the country at large and to the con stituency he immediately represents, and reflecting honour on that constituency, is his vote in support of the increased grant to Maynooth. It formed the staple of the nomination speeches. Mr. STRuTT voted that the funds for the endowment of May nooth, should be taken out of the surplus funds of the Protestant Church established in Ireland. Find ing a majority of the House of Commons reso lute in denying to the majority of the people of Ireland, any participation in those funds which have from time immemorial been set apart for the religious service of the whole community, he voted that a moderate allowance should be made to them out of other funds (to which both Protestants and Catholics contribute) to enable them to give their priests a decent education. This is a question regard ing which there are not merely two opinions, for and against; it is almost so many men so many minds. Some would take all religious sects into the state pay; some, though entertaining doubts as to the general principle, think that the exceptional state of eccle siastical relations in Ireland justifies the endowment of Maynooth. Some would have the state endow only one church; others would have the state withhold from any interference either to support or discourage any sect. These discordant views convey but a very inadequate notion of the diversity of senti ment which pervades society on the Maynooth grant. Bat the men who esifirtain any of these opinions so decidedly as to make one or other the rule of their conduct, regardless of consequences, are few. By far the greater part of society will be found halting between two opinions. The difficult problem of the exact relation in which the church and state ought to stand to each other, is yet far from being ripe for practical solution. It is one silpon which the sincere and earnest advocates of all opinions ought to low no l opportunity of publishing and defending their own ; bat it is not one that can be made the test of a man's fitness for a legislator. The comparatively few un compromising voluntaries or churchmen who would with . *11;i rZtZn ir in 'ea - 01 - 00. -- Let es lake this Derby election u an exaMple.. The only specific measure upon which Sir DIGBT MACKWORTH pronounced an opinion yesterday is the Maynooth grant. Now Sir Droar'amost zealous sup porter, the Standard, dissents from his view of this great ; but agrees with Sir DIOS"! that " our Pro- testant religion" is to be supported. " Our Protestant religion," in the eyes of the Standard, does not im peratively command hostility to the Maynooth grant; and this being the case, we search Sir DIGHT'S speech in vain for any illustration of the meaning he attaches to the phrase, " our Protestant religion." The evening journal is more explicit. "To the mere worldly men of the ' country party,' if any such there are, we say that they lean upon a broken reed, if they hope to carry the country by Protectionist principles alone." Again : " The connection between the Protestant religion and the material interests which the ' country party' defend,' is so far immediate and practical, that they are at present as sailed by a common enemy : the Irish Romanist party and its English abettors, whether Whigs, Radi cals, or renegade Conservatives." And yet again: "It is to be remembered, too, that the principle of Pro tection properly includes the moat sacred of all our institutions, the United Church." In short, with Sir DIOBY MACKWORTH and his supporter, "our Protes tant religion" means High Church and Corn and Sugar Monopoly. In so far as the triumph of sound political principle is concerned, we attribute marvellously little impor tance to the result of the Derby election. Should even success attend the efforts, on the present occa sion, of these hair-splitting casuists—of these equi vocal enthusiasts, who hold all men who do not agree with them on every point as alike vile and worthless—who, with the name of civil and religions liberty in their mouths, are endangering Mr. Sriturr's return, and promoting that of Sir DIOBY MAex wonvn —we believe that the result would only be a prouder majority at the general election for'him who has served Derby so truly during sixteen years. But, for the reputation of the Derby electors themselves, we do trust that they will have sense enough to cast from them, even on the present occa sion, the mischievous advice of those strainers at gnats and swallowers of camels, who would reject a tried Liberal for difference of opinion on an abstract principle, and fall down and worship the golden calf of high church and corn and sugar monopoly under the name of "our Protestant religion." AMONOSTthe commercial .od reciprocity treaties, of whose daily =elusion between the different states of Europe we bear, none are calculated to give greater pleasure than that recently settled between Holland and Belgium. The divorce be tween these countries was so disastrous and unnatural as far as material interests were concerned, yet so imperatively called for by moral differences and re ligions intolerance on either side, that one is glad to see the virulence of these latter causes abate suffi ciently to allow once more of the reconciliation and re-union of trading and economic interests. It has taken fifteen years to bring this about. Yet, con sidering the relative positions taken, and the mutual feeling; evinced, by the two countries, the wonder is, not that such a reconciliation has been so long delayed, but that the obstacles to it have been so soon got over. One powerful motive must at length have ope rated, as the most influential in producing an ap proach to commercial union. This was the conscious ness of how isolated both were; and how powerless and disrespected, because isolated. Five hundred years ago, small States incurred the risk of being swallowed up by the power of greater empires. Now, they run another danger; that of being sent to Coventry, of being commercially excluded. Large States will no longer allow small ones to manufacture for them, to carry for them, or to profit by them in any way, even when the profit would be mutual. Nay, large States are so inveterately foolish as to refuse taking the raw materials of power and wealth from smaller States at their door. France will not take Belgian iron, and even levies a duty upon Belgian coal. Belgium has been vainly soliciting commercial fairness from France and from Germany, coquetting with both, and endeavouring to make use of political jealousies to secure commercial advantages. She has offered great boons to both countries, yet both Germany and France repudiate her staples. To the friendship of France, Belgium sacrificed her commercial relations with England. The Belgian tariff on all English commodities was raised to a prohibitive rate, to gratify the French is preventing the contraband trade in English articles. To the Germans, the Belgians granted Antwerp as a free port, with unembarrassed transit along her railroads: But all to no purpose. She has found in return but niggardly and half-closed markets; and has been forced to look abroad to over-sea markets, as the only ones likely to prove permanent and advantageous. Belgium has purchased steamers, and planted colonies on arid and unwholesome coasts, in vain hopes of this kind ; the failure of which cannot but have suggested the folly of having broken a union with a sister-country, rich in colonies and vessels, in all the sources, means, power, and trade, which Belgium wants. Holland, on her side, has received similar lessons. She was formerly the great factor of colonial produce for the German states. These now seek to chicane, quarrel, and bargain for: the smallest matter. Though without a marine, the Zollverein would have all the profits and privileges of a country with a marine. It is as jealous of the Dutch navy as of British manufactures, and would do without eit her. Not only Germany, but even Russia, has grown churlish towards the Dutch; and both ukase and edict have been hurled against their trade. Holland and Belgium having thus suffered all kinds of slights, insults, and churlish treatment from their powerful neighbours, have at last been driven to think once more of each other ; and we are glad to see the result in a very liberal treaty. By its stipulations, the Dutch flag is once more on a par with the Belgian in Belgian harbours, and vice versa. The Dutch can bring their fish to Ostend, though not as yet in an unlimited annual quantity ; whilst the Belgians can go to Java, and bring home as much of its produce as there is at present Belgian tonnage in existence. Belgian manufacture has thus once more found a market in the East. Belgium, like ourselves a great producer and consumer of provi sions, has not feared to admit Dutch corn, cattle, and fish : a sign how our principle and example tell already. She admits the coarse woollens of Holland, whilst she can send thither her own finer cloths. In short, a very wide step has been taken on both aides to restore the commercial relations, which were profit able to both countries in the days of their political union; and which nothing but ultra-Tory theories of governing by ascendancy, and of forcing Protestantism down Catholic throats by education, could possibly have disturbed. It cannot bat be a great satisfaction to King LEO POLD, as well as a high proof of the patient wisdom of his government, that he should have outlived and outworn those mutual feelings of rancour between Dutch and Belgian, which he found in all the smoulder ing heat of civil war. In the same manner, LOUIS PHILIPPE will have outlived not only the mutual hostility between France and Europe, arising oat of the events of 1830, but he will have outlived that ani moeity which has since arisen between France and England for very idle causes. Let us hope that the analogous position and fortune of the sovereigns may extend still further; and that as King LEOPOLD has converted his subjects' rancour against supposed foes into commercitl amity with them, so Louis PHILIPPE himself may do for a great country, what his son-in- .:ume¢ Vir•MaNaSUMAIK aa•Vla“.••••••451• ..1111 N. 01,1111.11. WINO feelings (Ithaca]e rilealsy between FllOlO/1 and England which are happily fait dying *Way. We have received the Paris journals of Tuesday, with our private correspondence. The Chamber of Deputies suspended, on Monday, the selection of its officers, and was occupied with fresh debates on disputed elections. M. Drault's admission was objected to on the ground that, to obtain the majority which had ensured his return, he bad signed a series of engagements imposed on him by the Legitimists. M. Drault did not, as Messrs. Mater and De Renneville did, contest the fact, but contended that these pledges were in con formity with his own opinions and principles, and,' therefore, he had only bound himself in writing to do what many others had solemnly promised to do on the hustings and in their addresses. The point to the settled was precisely this: does a com pact between the electors and a deputy upon a peculiar or upon several political questions, make the election invalid ? M. Owzot spoke strongly in the affirmative of this, while M. Drault's admission was defended by M. Odilon Barrot, and the majority mastered against it by 152 votes to 134. M. Drault was a member of the Opposition. On Tuesday the elections of the officers of the Chamber were resumed. M. Delessert was elected fourth Vice-President. The Moniteur contains a Royal ordonnance for the rettion of beet-root sugar manufacture. Dec de Montpensier remains at Strasburg, busily engaged in practical studies and experimental manceavres of artillery. He was to pay a short visit to the Grand Duke of Baden, and great fetes are in preparaon at Strasburg, where one of the Grand Dike's eons is to join the young Prince. The total amount of the property left by the late King of Holland, Louis Napn, is estamated at fifteen millioas of franca (600,0001.). Ho has be queathed 10,000/. to a natural son, and the residue goes to Prince Louis Napoleon. The agitation in some of French departments still continues on account of the deficiency of the harvest, and fears are entertained of a farther rise in the price of corn ; but they are, according to our correspond ence, without serious foundation. The Minister of Agriculture and Commerce has, however, just sent a circular to the prefets, to obtain from them a return of the harvest of 1846, for every description of corn. The price of bread in Paris remains unaltered, and for the first fortnight of September is fixed at 39 centimes per kilogramme (a trifle less than 2d. a lb.) for the first quality, and at 32 centimes (something more than three halfpence), for the second quality. The waters of the Seine are extremely low in Paris, but the navigation between Paris and Rouen is not interrupted. We read in the Echo d'Oran of the 22nd ult. A large number of Arab transports for the government left Oran on the 18th ult. for Tlemcen under a strong escort of native cavalry ; every precaution was taken to avoid a surprise, which the neighbourhood of the turbulent Morocco tribes made not unlikely. The presence of Abd-el-Hader at his deira greatly contributes to keep us on our guard, as ex perience has proved how iudefat*able he is in his projects. The Ramadan begins on the 23rd of the month ; it is to be honed that this period of the year, which is usually one of agitation, will not this time be marked by events likely to compromise the present state of affairs." Letters from Madrid of the 27th inst. state, that the arrival of the Due de Glacksberg (eldest son of the Due Decazes) had created a sensation there. It was supposed that the Duke's visit was connected with the Queen's marriage, the sole theme of Madrid anxiety and Court conversation. Count Thomar reached Cadiz on the 20th ult., on his way (as was supposed) to Madrid. A letter from Lisbon announces that the cabinet councils were very frequent, and there was an expec tation that the President of the Council, as well as the Ministers of War and Justice, would alone retain their posts. There was a report that the Miguelites and Cabral- Mtn had united at Figuera, but their efforts hitherto had been futile. POLAND.—The Augsburg Gazette of the 27th ult. confirms the announcement that important reforms are to take place in Poland. That journal states, on the faith of one of its correspondents, that Prince Paakewitch is the bearer, from St. Petersburgh, of a complete and definite plan for the redemption of the corvees. This plan is to be shortly carried out. Such a step, which speaks of the good intentions of the Emperor towards Poland, will be favourably received throughout the kingdom, and will contribute greatly to better the condition of the peasantry, and to attach them to the Sovereign. The young nobles, says the Augsburg Gazette, are not to be feared; they form a body of officers without an army. As regards the high nobility, they are devoted to the Crown. FROM THE EIDER.—AUGUST 24.—The birthday of Prince' Frederick of Augustenburg was celebrated on the 23rd August, at the castle of Stmr. A number of persons went to congratulate him, among others the magistrates and public functionaries. National airs were sung under the windows. The Duke of Augustenburg armed in the evening. DENMARK.—An order of the day, dated from Wyck, of the 18th ult., has been published by the King of Denmark, sanctioning the resignation of his Serene High ness Lieut.-General Prince F rederic Emile Auguste de Schleswig Holstein Sonderbourg Augustenburg, as Com mander in-chief of the troops of the Duchies, and appointing Major-General de Lutzow To the vacant post. Another order of the day discharges the Prince from the functions of President-in-Chief of the Regency of Schleswig Holstein. VENICE, AUG. 20. —All the letters from the Roman states agree that Don Miguel is making preparations for an expedition into PortugaL ST. PETERSBURG, AUG. 18.—All the possessions of Countess &mallow in Russia have been confiscated, owing to her late marriage with a foreigner without the permission of the Emperor, and are to be sold by public auction within six months. Countess Somailow, who is of the Pahleu family, and has considerable propert y is Russia, married the tenor, Perry, who died shortly after his marriage. DoN MIGUEL.—The German Journal of Frankfurt states, on the authority of letters from the Roman states, that Don Miguel is making preparations for an expedition to PortugaL This report is in some measure confirmed by a letter in the Herald o, of Madrid, which states that Don Miguel is only waiting the arrival of the vessel which is to convey him to Portugal, in order to carry his plans into execution. THE RUSSIAN COURT AND CHURCH. A letter from St. Petersburg of the 15th ultimo, in the Press, gives the followine account of the movements of the Imperial Court, of the opinion entertained in Russia of the governmental reforms projected by the new Pope, and of the probability of a concordat between the cabinets of St. Peters burgh and Rome for the administration of the Catholic Church in Russia: "The court is still staying at Peterhoff, the Imperial Family having remained only two or three days in the capital, to be present at the ball of the nobility and the Ste given by the Empress at her delicious retreat of Yelaguine. Peterhoff is not the only imperial residence built on the southern share of the Gulf of Finland. This part of Ingria, without question the most picturesqlie in northern Russia, is strewed with beautiful country houses belonging to different members of the Imperial Family or noblemen about the court. At Oranienbaum, opposite Cron stadt, the Grand Duchess Helena, has a superb perk and palace constructed by Menzikoff, the friend and minister of Peter the Great; the Prince of Oldenburg has a summer residence near Peterhof, and a few years since the Duke and Duchess of Leuchtenberg caused a beautiful Italian villa to be built between Peterhoff and Strelna ; this rich and elegant Florentine mansion ,built in a forest above the gulf and opposite the low and foggy coast of Finland has a very singular effect. Every prince and every member of the imperial family, with a separate court, has given entertainments to the newly-mas ried couple, with the exception of the Grand-Duchess Helena, who is absent in Germany ; and on the 2nd of August the Emperor gave a pe chompetre in the island of Zaraskine, the whole of which was illuminated at night, and presented the most curious appearance. On the fol lowing day the Duke de Leuchtenberg received the Imperial family and the Duke and Duchess of Wurtemberg. In the Greek church it is not permitted to take the baptismal name of the Virgin, but the Magdalen is the patroness of all who bear the name of Mary in the faith of the orthodox church. The 3rd of August (22nd July, 0.5.) is consequently • general /Re in Russia, for there is scarcely a family that does not number a Mary amongst its members. At the Duke de Lenchtenberg's party the Imperial family celebrated thefite day of no lees than four princesses ; Mary, Duchess of Leuchtenberg, the eldest daughter of the Emperor ; Mary Ate:ander:issue, wife of the Hereditary Grand Duke ; Mary Paulowna, reigning Grand Duchess of Saxe Weimar, sister of the Emperor ; and Mary Michailowna, daughter of the Grand Duchess Helena. The grand reviews of the Guards, deferred till now on account of the excessive heat, began yesterday. The different corps encamped between Peterhoff and Krasnoie-Selo, on a plain several miles in extent, amounted to at least 100,000 men. As soon se the manoeuvres are over, the Emperor will set out for Moscow with the Duke and Michele of Wurtem berg; from thence his Majesty will go into Volhynia and review several corps &alma, which are being concen trated there. It is thought that Prince Woronoff, Gover nor-General of the Caucasus, will meet the Emperor at Blew about the beginning of September. Prince Oscar of Sweden and the Prince of Holstein-Glueksberg have left St. Petersburg, and Prince Paakewitch has also set out for Poland, taking with him the pardon granted by the Emperor to certain political offenders, and the imperial decisions on the subject of projected reforms. For this purpose the autho rity of the Viceroy has been extended over a part of the predated esfases -- he madedigiTholon Oolobw • .- ebsseatee of the new Pepe and Ist ens of have poineeil the wey Ist effect him it ne:e lev eL eli C tin menus odd, We weessary bt gw is innnotid deo papase one be mob by the Pop nine% tibbentibe foe a moieties. The Nospraw los Net sun to R7erso Wm dailies assets Italy, with &Wow to pat en sad to the dilibrowse MOW between the two awn. Coat Blerade4 Swan* Minister albs interior, a wisher of the Cepa of Hawke, Hinder dikewend Seeds. of the Chanseey albs empire, and President Was ment of the Laws , Wen made the bow to R.,.. D 'amtte labours of the cesomission and the forename of the Hub*, Czar. M. He . a dinispisbod risecesalt, accom panies him. It as said, that in ter Is devoted to Catholicism ; but such ie wit the case with Count Bloudoff, who is an intelligent and well-informed man, but disposed towards the mysticism of We German and Swedish illuminati. He is a zealous defied": of the Greco-Russian Church, and has personally to h himself with the measures which were adopted t F the Latin Church while ha was Minister of the In ; amongst Wien with the famous report on the state of the sweats, addressed b him in 1832 to the Ecclesiastical Cave, a report which deprived the Latin Church of 202 mearstaries, wick were either destroyed or made over to the Bandss Ansi. lam not of opinion that the is charged to nuke all proposition% sinwaspo tbe new envoy be swiped aid allawibed to by the Cam* of fa.., whatever desire the may entertain of ohm for the Latin Church la Goal se& seek as the MIAOW lima et O & w weal e . et dm imia waft Her askew* of amaamogko, $ sow abeamelpden of the diatim,. and the eipalmalion of yeeklbis. may be agreed to, bit s fall and cadapiele satisfac tion to the wants of the adroit and the desnands of the Holy See, in relation to mixed marriages and children born of t he se marriages, will not be given. The relations of the Weeps with the Government and the Court of Rome, and the pennon of the Latin clergy in Hanna, are questions difileult to resolve here than in any other country. The siseammis urged for the last ten years by the Holy lee and the concessions proposed by the new commissim and consented to by the government, are far from giving just grounds for expecting an immediate and final solution of the differences between the two Courts. Count Bloudors mission, in fact, is, by the concessions and arrangements which will rise out of it, to establish the basis efa concordat between the Cabinet of St. Petersburg and that of Rome, for the administration of the Catholic religion in Russia. The Catholic sees are aimed all vacant, and Count Bloudoff is charged to propose the fitting candidates— vis. MM. Wolonizewski, Holowiaski, Kubthowski, Gorski, Woydkiewicz, and Laski ; all of them professors in the ecclesiastical establishments, and, consequently, belong. lag to the secular clergy. The majority are learned and de serving men, but the position and dispositions of some amongst diem will militate against the Pope's consent, if he is made snilisisaily aware of them. It is a curious thing to see the mitisenatie Sovereign of Russia dispose at his will of the Catholic sees of the empire, scarcely recognizing in the supreme Bishop of Rome the right of approbation and of veto ; the Czars declare that they have inherited all the rights of the Catholic kings of Poland as regards the nomi nation of the bishops and the government of the Latin church. There has been a new question of marriage in the Imperial family, and the Holy Synod has been appealed to to ascertain the possibility of the pro jected union. The orthodox Church prohibits marriage where the slightest relationship by blood or even alliance exists, and refuses to recognise any right to make innovations or change in its ecclesiastical discipline; but in the present case the supreme tribunal has decided that the Grand Duchess Catherine may wed the Duke Adolphus of Nassau, a Cal vinist, and the widower of the Grand Duchess Elisabeth. Her Imperial Highness is the youngest dsughter of the Grand Duke Michael and the Grand Duchess Helena, and is a charming princess, full of talent and intelligence, the most remarkable person in this rear eet in the Imperial family after her mother, whose grace and extraordinary beauty she partly poetesses. There only remains now amongst the Grand Duchesses unmarried, the Princes' Mary, the eldest sister of the future Duchess of Nassau. wfl MEXICO.-THE ISLAND OF SACRIP7CIOS. (From a Correspondent.) In the event (not at all precluded by the Presiden tial offer of negotiation) of a regular and complete blockade of all the sea-ports of Mexico, by the ships of war of the United States, the main force of the squadron will, in all probability, be concentrated upon Vera Crux, and the Castle of St. Juan 1.11101, and will lie at anchor off the island of Sacrificial. The distance is only one ) eague from the town, and the castle opposite; the trositiosits therefore conveniently within sight, sad out of shot. The boats pull ing for the Vera Crus coast will be fired upon, as a matter of course, whatever their errand may be, if they run within range of the guns ; and, although it is almost as difficult to hit a boat as to hit a wild duck at a mile and a half, yet the engineers and artillerymen of the Castle of St. Juan Ulloa have had so much practice for years, from the same fixed spot, that they would not be at all unlikely to make a lucky morning's work, if the American Commodore with his staff should take a fancy for stretching their legs ashore, and eating water-melons. During the last Spanish war the goof folks of the castle contrived to hit the boats several times at this distance. But off Sacrificioe the anchorage is as safe and quiet a place to be broiled alive in, as any man could wish ; and here, no doubt, the squadron will take up their position previous to an assault. With the present condition of the Island of Sacrificios, the accounts from Mexico do not furnish us. That it might very well be placed in some state of defence, so u seriously to annoy and damage several of the enemy's ships, is certain ; and, although this little sandhill would undoubtedly be taken, without much trou'ule or loss to the assailants, the small garrison might make their escape in canoes at the other side of the island. In times of war every position should be turned to advantage ; and what progress the Mexicans have made in practical arrangements and mechanical details, may be estimated by the present condition of their main works and outposts, in comparison with their condition some twenty years ego. Let us begin with a glance back at Sacrificios. During the close of the war with Old Spain, in the years 1825-6, the Island of Sacrificios was a ghastly little patch of hot sand, where pestilence and death appeared to have held a long and happy reign. Along the sea shore there lay a number of human bones, some quite white with age, others horribly fresh. I thought it no wonder that the yellow fever so constantly resided there. The sands glistened fiercely under the sun, and were burning hot to the feet. It was impossible to lo ik at some of the sand banks and stony mounds, the light upon them was so intolerable. Our eyelids instantly fell, and we put our hands up to our foreheads. I should say that I had made this visit in com pany with two others, and we were all midshipmen in the same man-of-war. There were some insignificant remains of ancient ruins upon the island, probably of ancient sacrificial temples; but I much doubt if any marks upon any one stone, or any three put together, would have enabled the most learned student of antiquities to have decided what the buildings had originally been. It was said, however, to have been a famous place for human sacrifices in the time of the ancient Mexicans ; and thus it derives the name from horrible tradi tions of that kind. Some urns had been dug up about a few years before my visit, but nobody could tell me where they were to be seen. There was a stone building, about 100 fathoms distant from the shore, which was called "the fort." We passed several straggling soldiere,who pretended to be, and perhaps were, on duty; and -f t T underg oing sundry interrogatories t andcrosaing several sand-banks thrown up by way of defence, we made our way to the guard house. Here we found some dozen of poor, wretched creatures of soldiers, several of whom were evidently diseased, lying asleep upon their rusty muskets under a stone portico. Their uniform was very un-uniform, some having grey jackets, some blue, some dirty white, and certainly there was not a perfectly sound garment among them. Several were really in rags, and all had a sadly faded and distempered look ; as if performing quaran tine, and with good reason for it. At this moment three yellow-faced, hungry-looking young men (with a bit of ragged tinsel sewed to the shoulders of their dirty white calico jackets, over the collars of which hung their rat's-tail hair) brushed by us hastily, and made off to a stone hovel near at hand ; but not without my recognising them as some of the "officers of the fort," who had made themselves of consequence in the market-place of Vera Crux two days be fore, on the strength of new uniforms with a quantity of broad gold lace down every seam of their jackets and trousers. We now asked a little mulatto boy, who was rolling about in the sun, and half covered with dust, to direct us to the room of the Commandant° of the Fort. We followed him to a long, dilapidated place, at the further end of which, in a shady angle of the building, a sedate and dignified person age was seated, with a long cigar, a short cloak, and no trowsers. His cloak and shirt were of the same length, and appeared to have been cut out and made together. His long, swarthy, bony knees, were very conspicuous, as he sat with one leg over the other, puffing his cloud. In what ever part of Mexico his birth-place might have been, he was manifestly an extract from old Spun. The room was paved with red tiles, having many broken intervals of sand. He rose from the wooden bench, or form, in the middle of which he was sitting (it was the only article of furniture in the apartment), and nowise disconcerted by the sod den introduction, advanced to meet us with a solemn and courteous air. His hair was long, and of a dirty black, and his large moustachios were badger-colour. He received us with an easy grace and self-possession that would have done justice to any local circumstances of rank, and form, and • full dress ;" welcomed us to the Island with a sententious Spanish compliment (simply to the effect that his house, him self, the Island of Saerificios, and all that it contained, were at our service) ; invited us to a glass of aguardWnte ; and apologised, slightly, for his morning dishabille, saying that the weather was exceedingly hot at this time of the day. As for the sand-flies and mosquitoes, which were hovering and singing round his tall, naked, scraggy legs, no doubt he was used to them. This miserable garrison, two or three stone hovels, and a grog-hut kept by an old Indian and his family, consisting of his wife, a boy, and four or five very doubtful-looking daughters, constituted all the inhabitants, and all the " defence" of the island of Sacrificios, commanding"as it does the only passage for ships of war in their approach to Vera Cruz. Such was the state of defence, be it remembered, at a period when the S pa nish squadron was expected daily, and all the forces of the repub li c of Mexico would be called upon to make their last straggle with the enemy. RUINS OF NlNEVEH.—lntelligence has been received that the Mocha of sculpture lately found in the ruins of Nineveh have been safely got on board the Cormoran at Belson. The vessel sailed from that port on June 1, on her way to France. She was to pest in to Bourbon on her way borne. Osborne -how Tuesday, from Broadiaacis. The Queen and Prince Albert, accompanied Prince of Wales and the Princess Royal, left Osborn• at half past eevea o'clock yesteeday morning, to en3he the royal yacht. The Lord Chamberlain went on be,, yacht, in attandanee npm the Queen. Her Majesty di, depart from Cowes till yesterday morning, when sh e *Wed on her trip to Jersey. Lord John Russell took his departure from Oslx house yesterday morning, and returnee to town. Her Majesty the Queen Dowager, accompanie her Royal Highness the Princess of Prussia, and his SI Highness Prince Edward of Saxe-Weimar, left her tumid Marlborough-house, at twelve o'clock yesterday, to p visit to her Royal Highness the Duchess of Glouccuts Richmond. After visiting the Duchess of Gloucester illustrious party drove, in open carriages, to liew.gar and visited their Royal Highnesses the I)uke and Ductal Cambridge, and the Her edi tary Grand Duchess of Mee burg-Strelits, at Kew. The Earl of Elgin had an interview with Grey, yesterday, at the Colonial-office, Mr. Willahere, M.P., and the Mayor of Yarmouth, had an interview with Mr. Tufnell at Treasury yesterday. Lord Seymour had an interview with Sir Get Grey, yesterday, at the Home-office. Despatches were sent off yesterday evening f the Colonial-office for the Governor of Ceylon. A deputation front the Society of British Ar waited on Sir George Grey, yesterday, at the Home -o with reference to the application of the society for a charter of incorporation. The Commissioners named by Her Majesty inquire into the criminal laws of Jersey, haring an in that island, the States astem bl e d on Thursday, the of August, to receive them, and the Commissioners i meneed their labours on Monday last. THE QUEEN'S VISIT TO GUERNSEY. (From the Guernsey Star of Monday.) • The packet of yesterday brought her Majesty's ant addressed to the Lieutenant-Governor; imme di ately receipt of which his Excellency communicated with various authorities of the island, requesting that they wi make known, as widely as possible, that he invited people of Guernsey to meet him the next day, at two o'cl p.m., oa the New Ground, to hear her Majo moat gracious message to them on the occasion her recent visit, which message the Lieutenant-Gove bad it in command from her Majesty to deliver soon as possible. In consequence of the above, a very larg semblage of all classes took place on the New Ground afternoon. A portion of the centre of the ground fenced in, within which were stationed the members of Royal Court and clergy, and others. A few minutes be two o'clock, two carriages, containing the Lieuten Governor's family, entered the enclosure, and shortly at wards his Excellency came on the ground, accompanied ' his militia staff—the whole in full uniform. The Lieuten Governor having taken his place in one of the carriages, loudly cheered by the assemblage, and a band stati one d the ground struck up " God save the Queen." His Es lency then spoke to the following effect: " Inhabitant& of Guernsey—faithful subjects of Qt Victoria—of the Queen of the great British nation whic spread over the whole globe, I meet you by her Msjes command to tell you what were her sentiments when landed on your island, as conveyed to me by the Seater State. At first I intended to have made this communirsi to you by printing the letter, but I thought that I would allow any newspaper editor to stand between the Queen her people. I therefore determined, as being more respec to her Majesty and to you, to speak to you myself, and t nobody can deceive you. It was suggested to me I should put off this communication till to-morn but the Queen came suddenly, and in leas t twelve hours you were ready to receive her—i then should we require more than double that time to rte her gracious communication t In the reception which gave her Majesty there was not much form or regale] but there was good will, and more was not to be expected am deeply indebted to the militia of the island and to all inhabitants for the manner in which they received Majesty. Your reception was better than mere form— worked with good will—you worked with the heart as • as with the head, and when these go together work is t and handsomely done.—(Cheers.) Be relent, and I will to you the impression which your reception made on Majesty. I shall first read you the letterof Sir George G I The Lieutenant-Governor read the following letter : " Whitehall, Aug. 28, 184 " Mr—l have the honour to inform you that I have received Queen's most gracious commands to take the earliest opportunii expressing to you, as Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey, her sew the affectionate loyalty with which her Majesty was received ups occasion of her late visit to that island. The feelings of attache and devotion to her Majesty's person and government so comp cooly exhibited upon that occasion by the inhabitants of Guernsey been, lam commanded to assure you, peculiarly gratifying to Majesty, and lam to request that you wi ll , as Lieutenant-Covet of the inland, make known these her Majesty's sentiments to here ful subjects there. I beg to offer you my congratulations upon 77 having witnessed the loyal demonstrations which have ca lle d this gracious expression of her Majesty's sentiments, and imp upon you a duty, which, upon every account, must be gratifyin your feelings.—l bare the honour to be, Sir, your obedient sere " Major-Gen. Napier, dm. tkc." " G. Gar When I received this letter the post was just closing, bu would not wait. I took upon myself to answer for people of Guernsey. I know them well , and lam cent I was right. If any man or any men w ish to give his their thanks to her Majesty, let them draw them out, give them to me, and I will send them (Cheers.) The Lieutenant-Governor then read his letter, "Ilavilland Hall, Guernsey, August 30, 1641 "Sir,—l have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your lc' of the 28th instant, conveying her Majesty's sense of the affection loyalty with which her hLtiert, was received upon the occasion of lats visit to this island. I will immediately cause this, her Majes sentiment to be made known to the people of Guernsey, and in tl behalf as well as for myself, I express our profound feellnan of gr Oration and pride at this expression of her Majesty's sense of humble but heartfelt efforts to display our attachment towards Majestv's person and government. I remain, air, your most obedi and faithful servant, "Ww. Num, Lieut.-Governui " Right llon. Sir G. Grey &e., Ikc." "I hope," continued his Excellency, "that in who wrote I expressed your sentiments—if not, let any one e write a better acknowledgment and I will forward (Loud cheers.) I will cause these letters to be printed English and French, and a copy to be posted on the doom every church in the island." (Cheers.) The Linens/4szer GOVSENOR then proposed three the for Prince Albert, which were heartily given. Cheers w then given separately for the militia, for the Royal Cot for the clergy, and the ladies of the island, after which I meeting dispersed, the proceedings occupying somethi less than half an hour. During the reading of her Majest letter the male part of the assemblage stood with their hei uncovered. NATIONAL. PROVIDENT INSTITUTION. A special general meeting took place yesterday at t London Tavern, for the purpose of receiving a report fr, the directors with regard to certain proposed alterations the rules of the society, pursuant to opinions expressed at annual meeting in December last. Mr. LIIIMINOTON te the chair, and having stated the circumstances which led I directors to the consideration of the subject, the props alterations were read by the secretary. Their principal jests were to extend the number of directors to fifteen, th; of whom were to retire annually, but become immediat eligible forre-election; to disqualify the medical officers w might succeed to the next vacancy for a seat at the board directors ; to appoint members who may not be direct auditors; and to qualify the members to call a special me ing at any time, on the requisition of fifty members, half which number were to be resident not leas than fifty mi from London. On the motion to confirm these amendmei being put to the meeting, Mr. Tyler proposed as alteratic to the clauses to which they was referring " that the instil lion should bo under the management of twelve directors and " that two directors, not being trustees or present medi, directors, shall annually retire by lot or rotation, such ret ing directors to be ineligible for re-election for two yean The question thus brought forward gave rise to much cl suasion, Mr. Tyler, Mr. G. Thompson, and other gentlem advocating the necessity for the pursuance of a liberal cons of policy, by which the affairs of the society would be mo completely under the control of the members ; and describe the benefits arising from the occasional introduction of " ns blood" into the direction. The chairman and his as potters on the other hand contended in favour of t advantages derived by the present and societies general from the permanent connexion of gentlemen with th, board., who, from increased experience, became more fitt for their office, and, besides, gave an appearacce of so bility to the institution, which could not be maintained continually subject to change. In support of this opinio the present prosperous condition of the society was instant as an undeniable proof of its proper management. Sever gentlemen thought that the adverse opinions on the matt might be united, and a resolution was proposed by N Angell with that object, but was eventually lost, the amen meat of Mr. Tyler being carried by a small majority. amendment was then proposed and carried, providing th the trustees should be elected by the directors from their oi body, and another was proposed by Mr. Tyler, giving the mei ben power to convene • special meeting at any time on t requisition of twenty-five persons only, and without regard their place of residence. The feeling of a large part of tl meeting appearing in favour of the amendment, the directi withdrew their own proposition on the subject, but otli persons not being satisfied the question was put to the vo and Mr. Tyler's proposal carried. An amendment to isnoth clause in the alteration of the committee was proposed Mr. G. Thompson, and carried after a lengthened discussic It vested the power of altering the laws of the society in t members, and not in the directors as formerly, reserv e however, to the latter the formation of by-laws for their cr guidance. The remainder of the rules, as amended by t committee, were agreed to. The discussion of the yarn questions occupied upwards of five hours. AMERICAN SLAVERY. At a numerowals-attended public meeting whi took place last night in the National Hall, High Holboi Mr. G. Thompson, on being called to the chair, stated G it had been convened for the purpose of affording Mr. L. Garrison, President of the American Anti-Slavery As elation, an opportunity of showing that, by sanctioning even conniving at American slavery, they would be retal ing the cause of human freedom throughout the world, a confirming the thraldom of three millions of persons in t southern states of that country. Mr. Garrison was the a ginator of the movement for immediate and uncon tional emancipation throughout the United States, and, order to promote it, bad made many deep sacrifices. Mr. OaaateON, after alluding to the persecution he endured as the humble avenger of the wrongs of the bb man in bondage, and having expressed his sympathies w