The Express. — London, England, 1851-12-27 00:00:00

-- 4Titte rprefsO• TO CORRESPON DENTS. • I•ceowit ef The &apron," eeetalatne the sues eveshore w Ga. ite," L. pubashed ever, Tuesday eel Vries, *lib% in LW Om aewieupew rrowehitelweded for w The LlllMlSl."Lewiledtreniag paper, nu.; be Le the LLlke, 10, Wessel/4mM, 17 two G . cioak ow Ow dee et ralOiwetton, MOH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. / ass D.l —Moin.ne, 4e. Vie. .A•Arsseaks 3161 611 . Tusessow—Rurnici, So. Um. .Atuemosa. M. 5406 LONDON, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 27. THE POPE, we are told by the Cvnatitutionnel, has addressed a letter to his Nuncio at Paris, " ex pressing his entire approbation of the acts of Louis NAPOLEON." " The acts" of Louts NeeoLeos are a breach of his oath, the overthrow of the constitution of his country, the suspension of its fundamental laws, the assumption of despotic powers of legislation, the exer cise of military despotism, terrible carnage in Paris, the impr imminent and expat riat ion of the most eminent French citizenn and soldiers, the suppression of free thought and conduct, and the threat of deportation to a tropical swamp to all who venture to oppose hi. measures. What, then, Pio Nos° has blessed and sanctioned are the gravest crimes that any ruler of even hereditary pretensions could perpetrate, and the most criminal audacity in a man charged with limited func , ions that the world could witness. it is well, however, that the world should see, and know, and feel what it is that the head of the Roman Catholic church " entirely ap proves of." For the world can have no higher evi dence than this of the conspiracy against civil liberty with which I.ord Joux has, in the Britisli parliament, charged the court of Rome. No doubt, it is the instinct of self-premervation that has prompted this Christmas gift of Pio NoNo to Louis Neeotiaix. The destroyer of two republics deserves the congratulations of the despots of the world; and first and foremost he has the bless ing of the Putney. This is natural and pro per. Nevertheless, there is something ungrate ful in the Benediction. It was under the con alitution which Louis NAPoLEON has swept away, and by the A.sembly which he has scattered before the %mil* that M MINI was expelled Rome, that the Roman rep& die was annihilated, that Plo was brought In triumph hack to the Vatican from which he had fled like a cur. It was with the ap proval of that Assembly that a French army pre serves " order" there ; rt was by that Assembly that education in France was placed in the hands .of the ltomish clergy ; it wasduring the existence of this Con- Mitution that the policy of Franca: at once became id ntitied with the policy of Waite. The measures of that Asiembly, —and the chapters of that constitution --deserved better treatment from Rome than blessings en the head of him who bayoneted both. Grati tude, however, has never been characteristic of the Papcy. B a ut Rome wants 'safety. To attain that would equal'y 1,1,:5s the overthrow as it has the advent of this bastard empire. Loris NAPOLEON is using foe his purposes the Manisa church, and the Papacy in its turn is using Loris Naiso.r:lN fur its ends. Neither in Paris nor in Rome is there sincerity or truthfulnesa. In the Vatican. as in the Elysic, the super-subtlety of hypocrisy prevails ratht r than any mutual respect or any reciprocity of real interests. 'Eh- army of priest's which Rome has adde d to the army of soldiers owes no allegiance to the usurper. As long as beam pay the one andbrilic the other, he may have their services. But when a Neer bidder arises, the priests will desert to a man. They look forseard to the Bonito :vs as their lawful sovereigns. It is only because despotism points to their return that Rome assists and promotes it, in the person of Louts Nerotros. This alliance, despite its present apparent strength. is but a fint porary affair. There being no safety for Loris Keil:tans in France, neither can there be durability in this interchange of services. Rome, however, is losing no opportunity of turn ing the events—say rather the harlequina:le—of the present age to use. Everywhere she is pouring down her choicest benedictions on military power, military strength, and military violence; everywhere military strength, power, and violence are seeking the Mc sings of the Papacy. The " strong govern ments" of Europe support the Pop? ; and Pio Novo can set: nothing hut " order "in their outrages. And the fraud under which this union is justified is the pro acription of all the rest of the world as " socialists." Paint briefs. Pre-idential proelamations,and Imperial rescripts are full of this bugbear. Whenever a heart feels, u head thinks. or an ann is nerved to motion, there, we are to believe, LY "socialism." Italy oppressed. Illungary conquered, France cheated and bubbled, arc all, forsooth, "socialist." Yet what 81- cialism" is ; its objects, what it means,—there is no definition or account of. Europe is terrified by a word, turd no one can tell what it means. Socialism, in such mouths, is a fraud, a delusion, a cloak, a snare. The socialism these powers and princes and presidents hate, is constitutional government. n constitutional opposition; religious freedom, political liberty; in short, natioual life. The only fault the late King of Purssia when in Eng- Llnd found in parliamentary government was the toleration by To ism of Mr. WiIITIMEAD as leader of the opposition. And so with these despots; they mill tolerate no opposition. In Austria, in Russia, iu in France, Naples, and in Rome, opposition is silenced. The " Ayes" have it because the Noes" can't speak. This is exactly what Rome aims at: the predo minance of authority, be it in politics or in religiou. All Europe has to be again covered with a network of authority—of authority which denies religious freedom and represses thought—authority which would control political freedom and self-govern ment. Wherever Rome can thrust a priest, there it has standanl of authoritv•. a teacher to mipply the place of thought; to tell you to w to pray, to pray for you ; to tell you (as France testifies) how to vote.—to vote for you. The Pour. blesses the arts of Loris NAPO LEON ; the Bishop of ANGERS sera in him an instru ment of (ion; every Cure in France is marshalled by apostolic direction to the poll the priests vote as one man fur the destruction of all constitutional go vernment. Russia and Austria ; France and Naples ; Germany and Italy are again united in a 11o1y Alliance, which the Pot's blesses, but which the people abhor. Let no man think this a small matter. The priest hood of Europe have nided and abetted the despots of Europe; the church of Rome is associated with wrong and violence ; the Papacy is maintained in its politi cal position by the support of bayonets. It is to this country alone that religious as civil freedom turns; and here we have a great body in our own church who hate the one and are indifferent to the other. Just, then, as it is the duty of protestants at home to throw aside minor differences, and to unite in a common course of action ; so is it the duty of protestant states in Eu rop e to make common cause. Their existence is really attacked ; their de fence is our first duty. But two short years ago. and the downfal of the Papacy was regarded as almost accomplished: in that time it has arisen like a giant refreshed to wage war for the destruction or repression of civil as well as religious liberty. I..VT night's R u che announces the important fact that in the cellars of the Bank of England there is at thi. moment a larger amount of gold and silver than was ever before congregated at one time in that establishment—the wealthiest bank in the world. The amount is no less than 17,413.5 W. -• i n Those who regard this accumulation its most serious light are inclined to exclaim,—England, it seems. may also havo her revolution. Continental Europe. which has suffered so cruelly in peace of mind, in property. in political stability, and in blood, is not to be tormented with the additional pang of envy, by seeing one favoured nation eaenipted from all the woes which have desolated humanity elsewhere. England's pride may yet be wounded. Society never looked more tranquil; the monarchy never more consolidated or more popular the power of England 'weer more capable of re pelling very foe internal disorder never more effectually guarded against by the progress of free dom. Yet there is an enemy, and his ability for harm is certain. Great effects do not always need great causes. Our enemy is the god of riches hints& It Gold is threatening a revolution, if we do not meet its approach properly. The fatal touch of modern science and practical skill may rival that of THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 27, 1851. MIDAS. Spain forfeited pre-eminence in Europe by the discovery of unbounded treasures—does England belong to a different order of humanity? May she despise the warnings of history, proudly confiding in her energy, her knowledge. and her power? It is not probable that England will be exposed to precisely the same danger that overwhelmed Spain. The Anglo-Saxon race is not likely to be stripped, by anything which can bo dug out of the ground, of that sole foundation of abiding prosperity, the vigour and laborious activity of its sons. 'Neither will Eng land be brought under the withering influence of monopoly. She will not be crushed with the exclusive possession of the golden fountain. And yet her danger, probably from a too sudden plethora of gold surpasses that of most other European countries : so extensive and com plicated are the ramifications of her trade, so over whelming:the vastness of her public and private obliga tions. Moreover, she stands almost alone in the adop tion of a gold standard ; the one single circumstance which renders the increase or diminution of the I t supply of gold from the mines of any i m p ortance. I But whence this indifference, this calmness? Whence this absence of anxiety in the classes 'so seriously threatened? Two feelings keep the surface of the nation's tranquillity as yet un broken : it is not believed that great results are likely to happen; and, secondly, supposing considerable effects arc destined to 'be produced by an augmentation of the gold currency, most people are unable to predicate what those effects shall pre cisely be, either as to their character or extent. As to the disbelief of any important revolution coming to pass, it is enough to appeal to history. s'. has occurred in the 16th century may be repeated in the 19th. The enormous fall in the value of the Precious metals occasioned by the discovery of America is an example of what our own generation may wit ness,—a warning to prepare ourselves for it in time. Many monuments of its effect upon prices survive; and property,—especially theendownients of public institu tions,—are seriously affected by it to this day. We read of wheat at Pis. a quarter, barley at as.; and 4(1. per yard was specified by a benefactor, who thought ho was providing the best cloth for ever for the scholars of Vs inchester ; 41. a year was a common pension for sending a boy to college; and 104/. was, in the days of our ancestors, an income for a squire more than equivalent to 1,0001. in ours. Nature has not decreed gold shall he always rare for the express convenience of our currency. The abundance of gold and silver, either absolutely or relatively to each other, is fixed by no law. It was accident only. though a most fortunate one, which has made their supply for nearly three centuries so steady in itself, and in such exact equal proportions for both metals. But we may not hope for the con tinuation of this great advantage. the Californian mines were the discovery hut of yesterday, and yet they are already contributing as annual amount of upwards of twelve millions of gold ; Australia promises equal abundance. The distant region of Siberia will probably not be backward in the race. The annual produce of all the gold and silver mines was estimated in 143.1 by Mr. 11.Cessocit at six mil lions, of which less than one was gold. What results may not he looked for, if California alone keeps up its present yield? Geologists have sought to remove oar apprehensions of such an abundance of gold sad silver as would render them useless for furnishing a standard of value, by speaking of superficial de posits, and river-beds enriched by the abrasion and decomposition of mountains during countless ages,andl ridiculing the expectation of discovering permanent mines. But they may share the fate of those scientific sophists, who pronounced the ocean impasse- Me for a steamer, at the very time when practical linerchants were building the ship that achieved the 'enterprise. The solid quartz has refuted these specu lations by treasures so diffused throughout its sub stance as to be invisible to the eye: and London and Paris already abound with new companies, formed to ransack the foundations of the American continent. The operation of the Spanish discoveries on the value of the precious metals was rapid; but it may be found to be slowness itself when compared with the speed which the progress of civilisation will confer on modern mining. The powers which engineering and chemistry now command, the facilities of locomotion, the ample store of capital seeking employment, the predominance of peace, may compel the earth to give up its treasures with a promptitude befitting the age which invented the locomotive engine and the electric telegraph. Illeulitlcsa, as gold becomes cheaper, larger quantities will be used for plate and in the arts generally; it , will circulate in countries where at present it is set- 1 door seen ;it will be hoarded more commonly. It is true, also, that the quick growth of new nations over the globe creates a demand for gold, which, but for augmented supplies, would have immensely enhanced its value. But all these impediments to its over flowing, and consequent depreciation, may prove almost cobwebs to arrest the might of ca pital and skill, wielded by men flocking together from various quarters of the world. If the subterra nean deposit of the royal mineral does but exhibit the same powers of endurance as the silver, much less as lead or ironstone, who shall assert it to be impossible that before this generation shall have passed away. gold shall have almost overtaken silver in plentifulness, and reduced the sovereign nearly to the level of the shilling? What would be the consequences of such an in crease of nature's bounty ? In those countries which have made silver the standard of value, that is, which direct all payments to be made in silver, an enlarged supply of gold would be purely beneficial. Gold would be cheaper. As a material' excellently adapted by its natural qualities to many orna mental and useful purposes. it would come into much larger demand. It would not, it is true, be such a characteristic indication of riches as it is now. If sold cost no more than silver, gold plate would not be a better instrument of ostentation than silver. But in all the arts, for which its natural virtues give it a peculiar fitness, it would be extensively con sumed. If, too, supposing it to experience only a moderate fall, the value of the gold coin, as expressed in the silver mirrency, was properly ad justed to the bullion price of gold. it would probably be largely used as a substitute for silver in the currency: silver being too cumbersome and too inconvenient to be carried about in great quantities. Such countries would 'simply obtain a great command of a useful metal. Life would be adorned without a single drawback of disadvantage. There would be no derangement of the value of property; no rise or fall of prices; no contracting of debts in coins of one value, and repaying them in 1 another; no confusion , no agitation. The market' I price of gold would have fallen ; that would be all. I But what would be the effect in England, where the law adopts gold as the standard—where gold is the solo legal tender for sums above two pounds —where quarter-ounces of gold (within a small fraction) are coined, and have given to them the arbitrary definition of pounds, and where all pm-events must be effected by such quarter-ounces, or pounds? The ease here is wholly different from what it would he where silver is the stan dard. And in England, if the supply of gold swells very greatly beyond its present limits. the attention of statesmen can scarcely fail to be called to the re adjustment of our standird. (Few last allies Cottle.) Fonntnn-orrlcE, Dee. 2i.—The Queen has been graciously pleased to appoint Percy William Doyle, Esq., now Secretary to her Majesty's Legation to the Republic of Mexico. to be her 11.1jvIdi Plenipotenti ire to that Republic : also to appoint Edward Thornton, E.q., now Paid Attachi to her Majesty's Lexation to the Republic of Mexico, to be Secretary to her Majesty's Legation to that Republic. COMMISSION SIGNED ET VIE LORD-LIEUTENANT or C C PAR.—John Anstruther Thomson, Esq., Roc'r Sin clair Aytoun. Esq., and James Townsend Oswald, Esq., to be deputy lieutenants. P.IIACF. IMrROVEMFST9,—The erection of the ne cesury seattdding fur the commencement of the new bail room at Buckingham Palace has begun to show itself above the hish hoatilinr surrosusdina the works, in the shape of the builder's 4. traveller," a large wooden frame, upon which the erar.es that lift and convey the stones. as they are prepared, to their proper piaci., travels on a kind of rail way. The inelo-ure of the ....round having been comp's t .d, the carriage-way has been reopsned to the public APOTHECARIES' HALL.—Names of gentlemen who passed their examination in the science and practice of medicine, and received certificates to t remise, on Wednes day, 25th December, 1851—Thomas William Cracker, New castle on-Tyne; Charles Pardee, Leeds; Charles Warden, Birminghlm ; Ibbars.ni heti, Birmingham; Thomas Henry Mayne. Barn , taplc. von; Predcrick White Palmer, bland Howse, near Loughborough. FRANCE. PARIS, FRIDAY EVENING. I hear from a good source that the official procla mation of the poll and the promulgation of the new constitution will take place on the same day; and am even assured that so near a day as Monday next is fixed for this double object, although one does not well see how the official announcement of the poll can take place so soon. But this news reaches me from a quarter in which I place so much confidence, that I give it without hesitation. It is certain that the voting will be direct. The polling for Louis Napoleon in the depart ment of the Hautes Alpcs and the Basses Alpcs, as well as in a part of the Reran% has been postponed till Sunday, - December 28. In several of the departments which arc reckoned strongholds of socialism, as, for instance, the Niecre, Saone, and Puy de Dome, the socialists arc known to have voted to a man in favour of the President. This is attributed to their expectations of a socialist policy from the new dictator The latest general result of the election known up to 5 o'clock this evening, is that the returns from t 43 departments, of which those of 43 are complete, give : Yes No The results of the polls of the twenty-three fol lowing departments aro definitive : Aisne Atli, r Ardennes Avcyron Charente Cher Cote d'Or 88,328 12,796 Doubs Eure et.loir Yin istere Gironde 'Lilt Rhin Ille et Vileine Indre Indre-et-leire Landes 61,186 2,407 lair-et-C ig . r Loire-luferieure Loire 78,729 7,917 Lot-et-Gareanc 31tinc-et-Loire Marne Marne (Haute) Meuse Meurtho Merbihen 64,506 3,416 Moselle 93,167 3,737 Nieves 74,426 1,596 Nerd 221,214 13,956 Oite Pas-de-Calais Puy Ale -Dome 128,215 2,312 Pyrenees Orientates Saone-et-Loire Seine interims Saone (haute) tinnhe Stine 196,790 95,374 Seinttet-Marsse S...vres (Deus) 74,214 2,8.5.5 Somme 146,646 3,911 Vienne (Uaiste) Vendee 66,158 2,493 Vienne 65,950 4,183 Vosges 93,304 3,738 2,271,264 214,280 The department in which most communes have voted unanimously is thAt of the Haute-Sa'''ne, in which 315 communes out of 5 , 43 voted only in the affirmative. In the Moselle, Dm communes gave not a single negative vote. I send you to-day a letter front the Pope's cham berlain to M. de Montakmbert. This document, which appears to have been communicated by Mon talembert himself to a journal in Bretagne, La Bre bsyliv, has been, I understand, strictly . prohibited by the censors at the Ministry of the Intcrior from re appearing in the Paris press. This circumstance, which 1 have just ascertained, gives additional importance to the letter, which will probably uppem exclusively in your columns. The writer, M. do Miirtxle, was a lieutenant in the bataillon d'elite of the Belgian body guard. A scandalous adventure, in which the ith and 6th commandments were broken, and which was painted to the life in the most tragic picture of Hogarth's, " Marriage a la Mode,", caused the lieu tenant to fly front Brussels to evade the pursuit of justice, and eventually led to his being . installed at the court of the Vatican as the Nlonsignore came riere segreto of his Holiness. Few now can detect in the demure chamberlain of the pontiff, with his black silk gown and silver shoe-buckles, the dashing guardsman and whiskered outlaw of Brussels. But that an official with such antecedents should be the correspondent of M. de Montalembert can excite surprise only in simple minds. The letter is as follows: To M. DE MONTALEMDEUT. Raw, Dee. H. The news of the events tkat occurred in Paris on the 2nd of December ha+ bran received with great pleasure, especially in the highest quarters. Cardinal Antonelli did not conceal from the Sardinian minister, M. de Sambuci, that he looked upon the news received from Paris as very good; all reasonable people seem to be, without exception, in the same frame of mind. I yesterday went to see the father general of the Jesuits, who strongly disapproved of the con duct of the legitimist* at the maine of the 10th arrondisse ment. The hAy father has authorized me to tell ymt that he entirely approves your adhesion to the consultative com mission. I may even add that I saw an expression of markcil satisfaction in his countenance when he read your name and that of Veruc [t cousin of the writer] m the first list that was published; and, on the contrary, I observed in him a feeling of regret when the second list arrived, in which your names were not contained. Do not suppose, however, that we are here under the illusion that all is saved;; we only re joice at every favorable crisis which seems to augment the hope of a cure. It is now certain that safety is decidedly in the hands of the conservatives ; if the socialists should one day triumph it will only be because their adversaries will have chosen to let them. A new paper, bearing the curious title of La D , %- tnacratic Napolronienne, is cried about the boulevards to-day, and catches the car by the singular fusion of extremes. The last feat of !Capoleoman democracy has been to suppress the device of the republic— " Liberte. Egalitir , Fraternite"—on all public build ings at Moulins and the other towns of the .Hier, where we have lately seen the deeds of General Eynand. The things being erased so effectually, it would be indeed but a mockery to keep the in scription. Booths arc erecting along . the boulevard fur the fair. The shops arc beginning to drive a brisker trade. M. Bien&lli, adjutant commandant of the palace of the Elysie, has been appointed a chevalier of the Legion of Honour. I have to day seen a letter from Bordeaux, stating facts relating to the election, of such gravity that I must beg particularly not to be understood as l affirm , 'lig them positively to be true. I can state of my own knowledge that the letter emanates from a must respectable and trustworthy quarter. In the com mune of Lormont, a village near Bordeaux, on the right bank of the Garonne, 100 electors affirm that they voted in the negative, but the declared result of the ballot gives only 30 Noes. In the commune of Luasac five or six inhabitants assert loudly that they voted .• No," and yet the official return states that the votes were unanimously in the affirmative. The mayor of Cestas gave public notice that he knew be forehand all who were disposed to vote against Louis Napoleon, and that ho would arrest them if they should present themselves at the poll. I have no difficulty in believing the latter statement, because I know from other sources that in many parts of', France similar threats have been made. But if the ballot-boxes have been tampered with, one cannot help thinking that, in spite of the universal state of siege, there must yet exist public spirit enough to prevent the matter from being hushed up. The two prisons of Bordeaux are so overflowing that the barracks have been converted into a third, This is not surprising, for, in many villages of the Lot-et-Garonne and of the Gers, the whole adult male population has been swept away in custody. These villages are now inhabited by women and children only. Preparations are making in the Cathedral of Notre- Dame fur the grand mass and Tc Drum to be ehaunted in celebration of the vote of the 20th and 21st of December. The principal front and the two towers are to be decorated with hangings nod tricoloured flags. Before the choir, under a rich canopy, will be set the arm. chair of the President, with his prie-dieu. The tri bunes on the right and left will be reserved for tho constituted bodies. Last night several of the theatres were illu minated. The garrisons of the towns arc overwlavlmed with civilities by the municipalities, and invited to take punch in the saloons of theatres. ' THE RESIGNATION OF LORD PAL - Mom a correepoodeat of the Daily News.) It is but fair to recollect that one side only of the explanation necessary to clear up the mystery (for a mystery it is at present) of Lord Palmerston's retire ment from a cabinet, of which he was always a lead ing and by far the most popular member, is before the public ; and it is important to keep steadily in view the fact, that the side of the case which has been given comes from a invariably endeavoured to alienate his late colleagues from Lord Palmerston—which, as the organ of the Russian and Austrian embassies, has pursued him with unabated rancour, hostility, and calumny—and which was first and foremost in that intrigue that was last summer exploded and defeated by the memor able majority of the House of Commons on Mr. Roebuck's motion. Great caution is, therefore, necessary before any belief can be reposed in the statements made in the sense in which they are pro pounded. Lord Palmerston's signal services to the liberal cause, his past devotion to constitutional government, his high, frank, and courageous bearing on all occa sions, his generous sentiments and his popular man ners, all require, nay demand from the liberal party hesitation before they can credit the assertion that he belied the principles of his life, by expressing "unbounded approbation and admiration for a coop (mat that annihilated the liberties of France." This is too huge a draught on popular credulity in the broad, unexplained, and coarse manner in which it is put, to go down with a public which has hitherto known him as by far the most advanced and liberal Foreign Secretary Eng land ever had. Besides, it is accompanied by other demands on popular gullibility of a still more difficult character. We are required first to believe that a court, from the hospitalities and courtesies of which (notwith standing some gratitude was due to him for his con duct and policy in Portugal) he was for upwards of twelve months excluded, and to which he has of late been only once re-admitted, has given Lord Palmerston that uninterrupted confidence and support which were peculiarly and emphatically lie eeseary for a foreign minister in his exceptional and difficult position ; with the representative of every despot battering at him without, and hostile critics and colleagues annoying him within the Cabinet. This the liberal party cannot credit. Lord Palmer ston, be his present error and fault what they may, had not, it is certain, that fair play in high quarters which every Secretary of State needs, but which to him, under such circumstances, was indispensable. Next, we are required to believe that those wretched animosities and pitiful jea lousies which Mr. Macaulay, in his letter to the Lord Provost of Edinburgh, plainly stated, prevented the formation of a liberal administration towards the close of 1846, never entered the present ministry ; we are required to believe that Lord Palmerston's policy was never opposed in the cabinet ; we are required to believe, that it was most frequently and most energetically supported therein by a peer. who never opened his lips in the Greek debate in the House of Lords; and more than all, we are required to believe that on Monday that noble lord was ignorant of tho rause which had induced Lord Jolts RUASELL to hastily assemble a cabinet council to re ceive Lord Pagans - rotes resignation : although we are at the same time told that another member of the cabinet connected with his lordship, who did not attend, had declined he would never again enter a couneil-room in which Lord Palmerston was pre sent. ;Ilia is what the liberal party cannot credit. It needs something much more authoritative than our contemporary's statement ta exculpate some of Lord Palmerston's colleagues from the imputation of un fairness to him. And lastly, more startling than all, we arc re quired to believe that the despots of Europe, that the " strong governments" of the continent, that hostile diplomacy in London. that the ambassadorial intrigues which Lord John Russell denounced in the House of Commons, as the cause of the Greek con spiracy against Lord Palmerston, were all quiescent on the present occasion I when, at the same time , it is stated that Lord Palmerston " approved of a coop ,r , ~ ,,e which annihilated liberty in France," in order that he might form an alliance with France to counter-weight the northern con federacy. This the liberal party will also hesi tate in crediting. For it will ask itself, who gains by Lord Palmerston's retirement? Who? Why Russia and Austria, tyranny and despotism. Yet, with the innocence of lambs, their ministers in London had nothing to do with the matter. They opened their mouths and shut their eyes: and some one else dropped the sugar plum in! Simple souls! Lord Palmerston's recent conduct may have been indefensible ; but it is not on such yo/senioacheeic as this that he can be condemned. His strength, his support, his existence lay in the liberality of his olicy. It was on that ground that the House of Commons so emphatically sanctioned his proceedings in Greece; it was on that ground that municipality after municipality lately thanked him for his exer tions in the liberation of Kossuth; it was on that ground that he was bated and detested by continen tal despots ; it was on that ground that his less liberal colleagues carped at, and,—it may yet turn out,—at last betrayed him. It is not credible, therefore, that he admired and approved of a policy which anni hilated liberty in France ; he may have hesitated from rushing into hot hostility with an usurper capable of seeking support from any quarter, and daring any crime. That is possible. Probable, too, it may be that Lord Palmerston saw danger in the continued struggle between a discredited Assembly and a des perate adventurer. But that the minister who I created constitutional government in Belgium—who rescued Spain from absolutism—who successfully de fended the Swiss from the intrigues of the Jesuits when backed by Austria and France—who stretched forth his hand to Italy—who declared that the Hun garians were not rebels—and who has lost no oppor tunity of avowing that in his judgment civil liberty PI the only basis of national happiness—desired to sec military violence permanently rule France, cannot be true. unless, indeed, the vigorous intellect and the fine mind of Lord Palmerston have, for the instruction of mankind, been suddenly afflicted with insanity. If, however, he did really desire such a fall for France. no punishment that public opinion can devise is too signal for such treachery. What, then, is the conclusion to be reached? That the circumstances which led to Lord Palmerston's re tirement have yet to be fully explained. And justice to him requires from the liberal party that it suspend its judgment until ho himself shall have been heard. THE CITY CORPORATION.—A few days ago Pro lessor Airy tient to the Gresham committee, stating that he was desirous of sending, every two hours, by the electric telegraph, the precise Greenwich time to three places in London, one of which was the Royal Ex change. It is of great importance and interest that true ' time should be exhibited in London; the watchmaken incur • co , t of :Oa a year in sending a messenger daily to Greenwich Ohaenatory to report it. After a short debate, the Gresham committee declined to entertain the matter, and that without the courtesy of even sending it for consideration to a sub-committee. A few mouths ago some persons of great rank ea.l consideration were desirous of sustaining an interest in the public mind on the great matter of law amendment, by causing a course of gratuitous lectures to be delivered in the City on the state of commercial law. It was considered that the best and most unexception able place—one to which all persons, even merchant, of the highest class, would have no scruple about going—was the Gresham Lecture-laid. Application we., made to the Ores:earn committee (a corporation committee), and it was refused. The distinguished men at the head of the move ment expected that for such an unexceptionable object the corporation people would have been not only not reluctant to grant, but pleased, indeed, with the opportunity of granting for such a purpose the use of the hall, which was built out of funds bequeathed by Sir Thomas Gresham for the diffusion of knowledge among the citizens of Loudon. It should be known that the Gre sham Lecture-hall is a building erected at the corner of B isinghaU.strect, a few year. ago, by the corporation, at the cost of many thou sands; it is for the delivery of gratuitous lectures on astro nomy, law, physic, 61e.; and is only used a few hours . during the Tem.—Wait. GUIZOT INDICTED FOR LITERARY CONSPIRACY. —M. Brierc, a publisher, on Thursday last brought an action before the civil tribunal against sl. Didier, another publisher, to obtain damages of 7:),001) francs, for his basing published a work by 31. Guizot, called llictoire des OfijitleS do Courerneinent repr,:sentatil en Earope, which he alleged was only a reproduction of a work by the same author, called Emma our 1'111464re de Frasier, of which he had perches:A the copyright in IS'23. But the tribunal held that the Essais were only the reproduction of M. Guizot's lectures as professor, and that the iiistoire sees thigines was an entirely different work. It accord ingly dismissed the demand, and condemned 31. Briere to the cost.—Gatignowi. For some reason unknown the troops in several quarters were under arms last night, as if dangers were apprehended. The Conatitutionnel contains a long article upon Lord Palmerston's retirement from the British minis try. The tone of this composition is remarkably de void of that acrimony with which the policy of the Foreign Secretary, when in Mice, was censured by the same organ. It is, in fact, rather complimentary than otherwise; and the source of the indulgence may perhaps be discovered in the following revelation: It would he premature to inquire what effect the retire ment of Lord Paliner.ton may have upon the politics of Europe. We will confine ourselves to saying that this statasinan, with a penetration which has nes er been con tested, had understood from the first day the true Icharacter, and all the drift of the events acc om p lished in France. When a portion of England wasstillbssitating Lord Palmerston had with sagacity and frankness recognised the salatuary influence of the revolution of the 2nd of Deem ' bet. He opened upon this point the eyes of his fellow countrymen, and his judgment, this time, has been ratified by all Europe. Perhaps Lord John Russell before long will repeat with regard to his retired colleague the old say ing :—'• One can neither live w ith bim, nor without him." I lately mentioned the probability that the cen t sure upon books would be established. A beginning 1 has been made. The Prefect of the Nord, by virtue : of a ministerial circular, dated Dec. IK, has ordered every printer in his department to deposit for his perusal two proofs of every book under ten sheets, and the publication cannot be made without the Pre fect's sanction. Innumerable arrests continue to be made in all parts of France of persons suspected of belonging to secret societies. In consequence of yesterday being Christmas-day, the ..110witeur is not published this morning. At the Bourse the Five per Cents. fell :lac. and closed at 1001. 50e. ; the Three per Cents. fell llie., closing at 63f. lilie. At the opening there was a slight tendency to rise, which was ;at once checked by sellers pressing forwards. The settlement will be very heavy, and the speculators arc but little in clined to do business till afterwards. SPAIN. Madrid journals of the2lst contain no news of importance. One of them states that, among the numerous names given to the infant of the Queen are those of Isabella, Maria, Christina, Dominica, &c. ITALY. PARMA. The Parma GazettcWiTshes the special postal convention just stipulated between Austria and Farina on the basis of that which already exists be tween the governments of Austria and Tuscany, and which is so framed as to admit of the adhesion of other powers, and the formation of a general Attstro- Italic postal league. ROMAN STATES. . Our Roman correspondent, writing on the 20th of December, states that the ecclesiastical government was re-assured with respect to France alter the President's letter to the l'ope. Several influential. Jesuits were about to renounce the order. The police :were hunting after the Advocate retroechi, who had broken his ban. The British subject, Signor Balbi, had at last received permission to stay in Our correspondent says: " The last exterminating blow has just been given to the monetary systemof the Republican government of Rome, by a decree, prohibiting the circulation of copper money bearing Cie insiynia of i the Roman Eagle, and the inscription Din e Popoho. I have periodically announced the disappearance of the Republican mixed metal coinage and paper of various categories, as they have been gradually with drawn by the Minister of Finance. The copper has resisted the blows of the Minister rather longer, but that also will vanish, save from the pockets of zealous republicans, with the end of the present year. The exchange on London has gone down again to 493;." GERMANY. A conference was held at Ilanover on the 22nd l i betwe:m MM. Jansen and Meyer on the part of Old enburg, M. hitch, of Prussia, and M. Kleuze, of Ha hover, to negotiate for the entrance of the Grand Duchy into the New Zollvcrein. The Prussian plenipotentiary to the Bund has given notice that if any more garblri extracts from the journals of the Diet arc published as official in the FranAl,rt Gazette, Prussia will publish the pro ceedings in extent°. BERLIN, Dec. 2t. A report circulated in the newspapers, to the effect that the Prussian government had protested against the admission of Hesse Cassel to the Diet, as long as M. Hessen')Hug remained minister in that state, has not been contradicted by the Hessian journals. It will be remembered, that M. H. was lately con demned by a Prussian court to three mouths' impri sonment on a charge of embezzlement. At Vienna, a correspondent of the Weser Zeitung, Dr. Ouster Freund has been condemned by court martial to three years' imprisonment. A telegraphic despatch, of 13th inst., from Con stantinople announces that the French ambassador, M. Lavalette, has received unequivocal orders to re main at his post, and to continue the negotiations about the Holy Sepulchre. 1 65 CA r 100 50 - UNITED STATES. KOSSUTH IN NEW YORK. Yesterday afternoon the Humboldt arrived off Cowes, on her way to Havre, with the !nails for England. She left New York on the l:ith inst, and brings 600,000 dollars in specie, chick Ameri can gold. In the sitting of the Senate of the 12th inst. Mr. Cosi brought :up his motion relative to the firing into the Prometheus by the British brig-of-war Exprtse. His resolution was as follows: Resolved,—That the President of the United States be requested to communicate to the Senate, if not i e with the public interest, any information he may hare re ceived respecting the tiring into the American , team-.hip Prometheus by a British vessel of war, in Noreriber near Greytown, on the Mosquito coast, and at.. what luta sares have been taken by the executive to astert do the state of the facts, and to vindicate the honour of the country. The resolution was adopted. The Koseuth resolution was then brought up. New York was still busily occupied in doing honour to Kossuth. On Tuesday, the oth i ns t., and the following day, tho illustrious Magyar received a great number of visitors, depute lions, and addresses. Ile replied to addresses from the state of 'Virginia, from Philadel phia, the Young Men ' s Democratic Com•eittce, the New England Society, the New York btr, the resi dent Hungarians, the American and Fors ign Anti- Slavery Society, from the citizens of Newbury, from Brroklyn, from :Middletown, Connecticut, the methodist clergymen of New York, Bro dyn, Wil ' liamsbury, and vicinity, the Industrial Con.rress,lve. The replies made by Kossuth to nearly ail of t' sto ' addresses were very brief. He excused him- I self from speaking at great length, I.y plead. fag serious indisposition, and stated that since his arrival in America he had suffered mud. froth the spitting of blood. On Wednesday, however. although still suffering from illness, he spoke at coasiderable length in reply to the Baltimore deputicion. His speech consisted of a succinct explaniti..4 of the true position of Hungary, the nature of t].e principle for which she strug.tled, and the fatal , queues of Russian interference to tho natioua: c.unac. lin concluded as follows : I want to ask you a question. Suppose Cin inhabitants of Cuba rose to-morrow to change its goverameot ; and sup pose that Englund, France, Portugal, or whatever power, tent out a fleet to aid Spain in preventing tle , C tbans from chancing the form of government awl tlin.w, , ig off t h e Spanish yoke; would America permit this in' creation? (Loud cries of "No, no, no.") No, I am tooth'. nt she would not, awl this is all I ask her to do in Ow case oi Hun gary. What is the difference between Cuba nod Hungary? The one is six days distant—the other eighteen That is all. There is no principle, therefore, in the e ist —it is , but the difference of two or three days. (Applause.) On Thursday the me tropolitan bannut t to Kossnth I was given at the Irving House. It is described in the New York papers as being a magniti• eat affair. I There were about four hundred persons pr. sent. The New York Herald says of Kos3utli's spetch at this demonstration, that it is by far the it , (attest ho lever made in the English language." It occupied two hours and a half in the delivery. We give the more important portions from a report which would fill nearly six of our columns. When I consider the sympathy of the people of the United States for the cause of Ilungury so generally tarn., i 33 to be almost universal, and so resolutely proneune.sl as men pronounce those feelings which are innoi ~.l t, S. followed by noble and great deeds, I would 'e,: iin :Si to take your generous and ter the restoration of ley sat' land to its sovereign independence, already as era , in principle, and for me nothing left to do but to into a negotiation about the arrangement of the t' were my confident hopes not checked by that ids i interference in foreign, chiefly European affair+, es' cording to the numerals testimonials of your Ma , ' guialied politicians, we are told to be cue of the leading principles of the policy of the Unit,' highly respect the source of this conviction, gaol. men source is your religious attai Went to the (leach, s of to_,. eat men who highly proved to all posterity tl. ir wisd m, bequeathing to you the immortal work of that cenoim tou which, aided by the unparallsled benefit of nature, raisest y uu, in the slier t period of 74 years ' from th precarieur position of an infant people to the prseligious strenst:i of a glint nation. But, while I acknowledge the wisdom of your attachments to the fundamental docrines of the founders of your united republic, I beg lease, with equal frankness, to state that, in my opinisn, there can be scarcely anything more dauifferoua to the progressive deveiopmcnt of whatever nation than to take for a basis that which is none—to take fur a prin ciple that which is but the convenience of a passing situa tion—to take for substantial that which is but accidental — or to take for a constitutional doctrine that which is but the tuommtary exigency of administrative policy. Let ate suptases gentlemen, that yonder doctrine of non-iiis r ference was really bequeathed to you by you Was:in:s tens (and it was not, I will prove it afterwards), and let me even suppose that your Washingtens ininarted such a meaning to yonder supposed (latrine, elirsh were equivalent to the words of Cain, " Ain I my brother's keeper ?" which supposition would be, of coerse, a sacrilege ; but suppose all this—and I believe that I am even under such suppositions—l may be entitled to a-::, is the dress which well suited the child, still convert- of t , :he full grown man—nay, to a giant, which you are ? Weed it not be ridiculous to lay the giant int., the eh:Al cradle, and to sing him to sleep by a lullaby 1 In those times of the foundation of the United States. were an infant people, and the lass. el your comparatively then not large territory, suns loose over your puerile limbs. In those times, yon l. o f, of course, nothing to do but to grow, to grow, and t, _resin. i But now you are so far grown that there s nu fol - ,io power on earth from which you have anything to key lot your own existence—for your own security. This ls ing your present condition, you have entered into tit e s ai d stadium of political existence ; the destination el esii; , :i is not only to exist for yourself privately, but to cart e• a member of the great human family of nations, haste; the right to all claims which are duo from that family t es.mis every one of its full-grown members, but also engasel to every duty which that great family has the right ti clam from everyone of its full-grown members. The eery existence of your great country, the prim:ie.. s upon which it is founded, its geographical pesition. its present scale of civilisation, and all its meral and material interests, would lead on your isopls, is): only to maintain, but necessarily more awl niece a de velop your intercourse with the world. Then, of sure, being in so many respects linked to the world, connceted with the world, you can have neither the will n, r be in the possibility to remain indifferent to that outward wesSl yeti are, in so many respects, connected with. And it von , .11. not remain indifferent, so you must feel resolved to rat your own self-c insistent weight into that balance net week es the fate and condition of the world is weighed. In aw. 3 , the glorious Republic of the United States must feel 3.• solved to be a power on earth—a power amongd the nation or itself would be doomed to continual d, cay, :tad , s 4l cease to be great, glorious, and free. You are a poen ron earth. You must be a power on earth. So, of course, son must also unhesitatingly accept all the natural curtsey toss. of this situation. You cannot allow that whutever p.'sof should dispose of the fate of that great family of mookiad, of which yon are such pre-eminent member., or el.: yof would resign your proud position and mien your still prouder future, and be • power on earth DO more. So, I hope I have sufficiently shown, that pl,ould even that doctrine of non-interference have been ..ti. blished by the founders of your republic, that which smug have been very convenient to your infancy would not n ig be convenient to your manhood. It is a be utiful word of Montesquieu, that republics are to be founded on virtue. And you know that virtue, as sanctioned by our Chrht , as religion, is but an effective exercise of a principle—rat that great principle, " Thou shalt do to others as thou ilea - int others to do to thee." So lam confident that it were 'Ale cient to me to rely simply upon the question I have cow is urge upon the virtuous feelings of your generous republi can hearts, and upon the consistency of your piims4' l ''' but still, I beg leave to mention, also, in material r esr 3 i some essential differences between your present coudinas and that of yore. Then your infant republic, co:m.o ,l d thirteen states, was restricted to the borders of the site lantic—now your giant republic is spread to the (het d Mexico and the Pacific, and your territory is a world. Yot ! right hand reaches Europe over the waves, while yea .."' baud reaches, over the Pacific, the cast of Asia: and their, in the midst of two great continents, there you stand, is : proud immensity, a world yourself. Then you wire small people of three millions and a half; no w you eres I mighty nation of twenty-four millions ; and more teen nine • teen millions out of these twenty-four are ove r pa I. z •?' nul l n 4 e sg v t : ua r sn y fa c , i iso l t, ne rit h t eg as meow territory, the richest of the world, employ,' :n t , l l . cultivation of the soil, that honourable occupation , a , l'i s ! . generous sentime ms n om ts u and the most faithful fosterer oral), those straisht, uiel , a,,, proved to be the most inexhatisteile every young, every great, every beautiful virtue ne t ne . to man. Add to this coon !oration that this neatens. es% most unwavering h o ic f I public thee w o alf c of constant h an i e u ' l l t tl i . , :i . u f l f:rc e :!ta l cultural interest, which, desiring large mark.:', .... ! affording at the same time a solid basil also to ;.:Z: ' manufacturing indu -try, and to year commerce , 4 i ' d _ ' land in such an immense proportion, makes such a e %,,,, less difference between the infant republic of the t:b, of Wushington and your present giant repunlis ~.., Cough you very well may be attached to yestr, as , Tl‘. constitutional principles, because the pnueipies 0 . s _ berty are everlastiogly the same ; but in raped tD7 exigencies of your policy, it is impossible not t o h e el i .., S'l if you are to be regulated in your policy 1 , 5 161 % is then your country has other interests t: -day th an _ had then; and it ' ever you are to be regulated lay ' 0 4 policy by the higher consideration of principles, th" n o are already strong enough to feel that the time ha` Co do so. And I, standing here before you to plead the , c ,,,3 _ of oppreised humanity—l resolutely declare that : ''',4.l - never again come a time when the elevation :...toi' poliey to the high level of principles ideutitie awe r . . could prove either more glorious to you, or mole boa and is drt•. of PARIS BOURSE. Poe Amount. PARIS, Dtc. 2 4 1. rot 1 0Tomitairi111gtest.t , Lowest! Mdse. 3 per Cents. —.. SS 00 per Cents .... .. NOM i 1 1 per Unto. New La= ... t per Gide. 1 11 per Cents OO 0 Exchange= London: at, &teas, .. 100 Do. 110811 Do. 44 Ib. 4e Piedmont 5 p.Ct 6110 .. so o ea • 11 so 060 11l 0 100 25 IL4II 10110 01701 1 16 x6OllO Beats Money. Rama Loa, 1651 00 I 06.194., 60 Rant Sh-rein"al P4llllll, Dsc. 26.—St. Germain, 515; Versattlea (right bank), 287 50 ; heft bank), VG 25 ; P.ria I,lllllean4, 1,015 ; Paris and Remelt, 640; Rouen awl Havre, 239 ;3 ; Lanoline and At toxin. /17 v 0 ; te.•Mwrn and Bale. 195; Centre, 484 75 ; Boulogne and Arnim,. 272 50; Orleans and Bordeaux. 41250; Northern. 530; Pane and Straebu•ir, 11 , ; Tonto and Nanteo. 2.1 25; ?denten...o and Troyes, 121 25 ; and ?Watery. 212 50; Bordeaux and Tente ; 140. RE-OPENING A CIWRCIL—On Sunday last the parish church of Burton, l'etworth, was re-opened for divine service, after being closed for 150 years. Burton House has been the scat of a Roman catholic family for nearly two centuries. The parish church is situate in the park in close contiguity to the mansion, and from the influence of the priesthood was closed. The building was ' nearly gone to ruin, but the late intolerant spirit of popery aroused the protestant feeling of the neighbourhood, and a liberal subscription was entered into to renovate it, and supply the necessary appliances for the carrying on of public worship. This work having been eompleted, the church was opened on Sunday last—Brighton Gazate. SERRA'S DEE ALCATION OF A LIVERPOOL MER CHANT.—Fer some days past, rumours have been prevalent that one of the members of an e ate nsive dry-salter), firm in Liverpool, connected with some of ttr, largest chemical works in the United Kingdom, has misappropriated sums to the amount of 50,0001., and left the kingdom There is reason to believe that the principal of one of the firms in the west of Scotland, 'motel'', though not immediately, connected with that to which the defaulter belonged, but 1 with whose house a considerable amount of busi ness was transacted, has generously offered to make good all defi ciencies, provided the defaulter will enter into a bond not to return to this country. Of course many vague rumours ' are in circulation, but it is quite certain that as regards the commercial standing of the houses referred to, the sum above named, although considerable, will have scarcely the slightest effect on their credit or future proceedings. SALE Or RARE AND CURIOUS BOOKS.—MeaerS. Sotheby and Wilkinson, of Wellington-street, have just concluded the sale of some very curlew' books, of peculiar interest at the present time. Among them may be enume rated as especially decrying attention, Lot 408, John Davis's " The Worldes Ilydrographical Description," ' wherein is proved that the warble in all his zones is habi table and inhabited ; and that from Eneland there is a short and speedie passage into the South Seas (to China, • I Molucea, Pbillipiva, and India), by northerly navigation. T. Dawson, 159 , 5. The present copy of this rare work claims additional interest from its being presented to Henry Prince of Wales, the eldest son of James 1., whose arms aro oa the vellum covers ; and also as possessing a folio sheet •In the autograph of the author, containing " Motives for ordering a project for the discoverie of th • North Pole . terresteal, the Straights of Anian, into the South Seas and coasts thereof." Bought f or an American Collector, at 21/. • I —Lot 281, " The Holy Bible, with Cranmer's Preface, ! called the Bishop's Bible," 1568, i m p er f ec t, SI. lie. fad.— Lot 282, " King Edward Vl.'s Second Book of the English ' • Liturgy," by Grafton, 1552, wanting one leaf, and with another in MS., 191.—Lot 283, " Common Prayer," being ! , the second edition of the Liturgy published in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, as far as when first issued from the press of Jugge and Ilawood, in 1559, and in the original binding, I 281.1 x.