The Express. — London, England, 1847-09-28 00:00:00

Cbe Court. the irho i. o f Kwantung province. How, then, can pro w I -.se bl e b has been pessemed for a myriad of years, and Is dsgsgrestest importance, be ill at once given away like • wh i ch would he ust like destroy:ls' g sal whole; at which benevolent and hon j est men would look heaven and beat their breasts. But there are some IP ta who cunningly pretend that they have aw"han th barbarians,and „ 4 ",,e d their property by else W ere Ore "7 -le this property as a kind of retribution, with the irs- IP",. UP f • • some advantage by it , and thereby cause *lmmo, gaining bears raise Tv mad calamity ; au thus a fortunate spot will be2ruincd. * Still we trust to the superiority of our govern s's, and hope that the penetration of our mandarins will unstable the, very heavens, and that they will have 'efficient ability to preserve peace and tranquillity Chinese as well as English. blereorr, these to srearians have come over • very extensiec ocean for the sake of trade, and have no; the least cause for boipg_eliscontented, or thus trftter to gain an advantage over • BM if we ;Ito country do not adopt measures of detente, tern iron fortifications cannot be depended on; and if Me, the natives, do not remove all the obstacles, a brass wall may he scone beaten down. Therefore the various jealous have joined together, and hereby make known their stipulations. If any bricklayers works or to for the sake of gain, engage in (for emeigrien9, their Well,' will for a certainty be cut in pieces. This very day all the cities and villages to the south have formed themselves into trained bands, joyfully to h ave th e s truggle; and as our government are compassionate to those who come from afar, when they hear of itthey will ask. Who darts oa account of these foreigners to assemble el s . maw of the people to protect their property, families, which intention n as firmly engravers u if it were or. brass or atone, and of which we respectfully give previous notice. Our intention is to provide security for all. The militia of young men now terming is to protce; us from any evils caused by foreign countries. Al in this district who are above 18 years of age must now come forward ; ereby swear and, if they do not, we shall born down their ', oases, and h never to allow any one to withelr aw . W e now give general notice, that if there era any '.orkmen at Canton, Fuhshan, Se-nan, Shih-lung, and oth , r places, they mast immediately return to protect their far ,ilies. If they fail to do so, repent s:lea will be of no avail. This Placard alarms .d the proprietor of the land to be let to the Ea2lish, an', they thought it right to appease the so ' Mreign people IY,f the following apology : " Our ance-,cer established the firm of Tung-wan as Ming merchants, and the property he realised (besides what he left to Na A g.itung) he bestowed upon several establishments for their management. The territory of Shih-wei-tang was left to support the expenditure of the ancestral temple of five nrauches of the family, and, for the maintenance of the widows and orphans, it was lett to Lung-king-la. Now, in the fourth moon M . the present year, we received orders from the goveruineut to deliver up this place, and to hand over our title-Bleeds for ex,min Alen, and we should be paid the original price. This command we could not disobey. When these orders arrived, the widows and orphans of the live bunches were in great distress and perturbation, but they cenuidered that this property was originally acquired by a Bong merchant, and therefore it is a gift of providence. If we do not give it up, we cannot escape the punishment of the mandarins, and, on the other baud, if we receive the value of it, we shall arouse the indignation of the villeg-rs. Having well pondered over the matter, we resolved to give it up to the mandarins for the'z use, without remuneration, so that they (the vitlagers) could not sty we had clandes tinely sold the property. The documents aro clear and ex plicit on this subject, and no deceit has been practised, ae.d we invite on alt to conic and investigate it. Wo have heard that this has given rise to resolutions being passed to seize upon the whale of the rent of our relation', and to prevent the same being pail. We shall then be without support, and have nothieg to depend upon to gain a livelihood ; and thus misery will be entailed upon the whole of our family through Shih-wei-tang. now could kenevolent and consid , rate people be prevailed on to do this? We have also heard it is rumoured time in a few days those people will assemble all the males and female of the villages, and lead them on to destroy our ancestral temple. There are elm a great many claimants against our family, but as yet we do not know whether three things are true. If this is the case we fear that some vagabonds will take advantage of this opportunity to inflict great mischief, for which we may not be able to get redrew ; told therefore make this anr.ouncement as an ex planition of the molter, and most humbly beseech that the ease may be looked into, and shall bo very happy if our fault be forgiven." It is to be hoped that, despite the prejudices of the popu lace, the required establishmeut may be made at Shih-wei tang. The Chinese authorities appear to have been doing all in their pewee to fulfil this part of the Pottinger treaty. The lower orders of Chinese seldom allow en oppor tunity to pass without showing their hatred o our nation by some kind of violence. In June some French officers belonging to the Victorieuse and Moire ven tured into the city of Canton to visit the silk manufacto ries, were mistaken for Englishmen, and insulted by the people. Reparation was dcmcnded by Commandant La- Tient, and immediately granted by the Viceroy, Ki-Yng. The above vessels were about to sail for the coast of Corea and the north of China. The object of their voyage was to demand a reply to the letter written last year by Admiral Ckille on the subject of the cruel persecutions exercised against the mlmionaries and the Christians. They will afterwards proceed to Chosen, and from thence to Shanghai, where the French flag has not been seen for fear years. Her Majesty and Prince Albert walked in the plea sure-grounds of Osborne on Sunday.—Sir James Clark has left Osborne.—The Duchess of Kent, Prince Ernest of Lei• ninsren, Lord John Russell, Lady Anna Maria DaMIKIII, and Bir George Coupes remain at Osborne, on a visit to her Majesty. SUPPRESSION OF THE SLAVE TRADE. (Continued from Brturday'• Express.) • • The Duchess of Gloucester arrived in town yester dq morning from her reridence in Richmond-park, and paid a visit to the Queen Dowager and the Duchem Ida of Saxe Weimar, at Marlborough-haute. The Duke of Cambridge visited the Queen Dowager yelterday. The Duke of Saxe Meiningen, the Duchess Ida of Saxe Weimar, Prince Gustavus, and the Princesses of Saxe Weimar, attended by the Earl of Denbigh, rode out on horseback in the parks )riterday. Viscount Palmerist& left town yesterday, for his seat, Broadhads, Rants. Lord Harley and unite arrived in London on Sun day morning by the General Steam Navigation Company's mail steam-ship Giraffe, from Rotterdam, after a favourable Passage• THE REGISTRATIONS. CITY OF LONDON.—FINES INFLICTED ON OVER ennae.—At the sitting of the court, Mr. M'Christie pro. ceeded to state the grounds upon which he should proceed in the imposition of fines upon overseers for neglect of duty, end the amount to he imposed in several cases which had cones under consideration. In the parish of St. Betolph Without, Thomas Barnwell, of No. 1, Golden Lion-court, Alderegate-street, had claimed to have his name inserted on the register. He had occupied the premises for some years, had paid 181. a year as rent, and had resided durirg the whole time within seven miles of Guildhall. The rates had been compounded for, and were duly paid by the landlord. A rate made on the let was published on the 11th of Octo ber, 1846. The next rate was made on the 7th. and pub lished on the 16th of January, 1817. Another rate was pub lished on the 18th of April, and another on the 11th of July, in the present year. Before a rate could be said to exist it must be published. A rate took its date, therefore, from the day on which it was published, and one rate existed until the publishing of another. Occupiers of premises of the clear yearly value of 101. were entitled to be registered, provided they had occupied Ter twelve months previous to the last day of July, and provided they . were rated to the relief of the poor in respect of thou premises for the preceding twelve months, and the rates due up to April last were paid. By the 30th section of the Reform Act all occupiers might claim to be rated to the relief of the poor, whether the 'landlord were or were not liable in respect of the premises. The overseers were required to put the name of such occupier upon the rate for the time being; and in case the overseers neglected or refused so to do, such occupier was nevertheless, for the purposes of the act, to be deemed to have been rated from the period at which he claimed. By the 13th sect. 6 Vic., c. 18, overseers were required, amongst other things, to make out an alphabetical of all persona entitled to vote "in respect of the occupation of premises of the clear yearly value of 101., situate wholly or in part within their pariah,' sod the same language was reiterated in the precept met to them by the secondaries. The 6th of Victoria, c. 18, was to be taken as part of the Reform Act. Several other acts had been quoted by Mr. Smith, to show that overseers were strictly enjoined to place every occupier of premises in their respective parishes upou the rate-books. The law was beyond all doubt, and overseers were required to comply with its requisitions as the condition of having their rates allowed by the magietrates. Mr. Barnwell having been under the necessity of claiming last year in respect of the same premises for which he now claimed, the revising barrister placed his name on the register, but, for some un explained cause, the overseers subsequently removed itel Having ascertained the fact of the omission, he claimed on the 7th of January last ; and the October rate having con tinued until the 16th of January, his name ought to have been inserted. The overseers bad merely placed his name on the three subsequent rates; and, but for the discretion vested in the revising barrister, the vote must have been lost. When once a name had been placed on the register nothing is the act could justify the overseers in expunging it, without reascnable cause, from any subsequent list of voters. In this case the overseers bad been guilty of two offences—one in having removed the claimant's name from the October rate, thereby furnishing themselves with a pretence for omitting it from the present list of voters; the other, in not having placed the name upon the rate existing on the 7th of July, when the claim to he rated was made. By the 51st section of the get the fine for a wilful omission or neglect of duty was not to exceed 51., nor to be less than 20a In this parish the list of voters was very heavy; and it had been stated that for years past the conduct of the overseers with respect to it ball been most irregular and vexatious. Last year Mr. Arnold bad animadverted upon their conduct in very strong terms ; and, in consequence of their neglectful and improper behaviour. had refused to allow the expenses in. curred by them in the preparation of the lists. If he (Mr. M'Christie) could believe that a second animadversion would produce a salutary effect he would be contented to give them another trim]. ; but he entertained no hope of improvement as the result of what might be said. All the duties of the overseers connected with the registration were left to an officer called the vestry clerk, of whom the court could take no cognisance, or to some subordinate overseer or collector of rates, and few of the overseers ever took the trouble to attend the revising barrister's court. In; the case imme diately under consideration, the charge of the duties of the overseers was left to a Mr. Pesten, their vestry clerk, a gen tleman far advanced in life, evidently in an infirm Mate of health, and totally unable to perform the weighty duties of this extensive parish. In the glimmering i xpectation that what be should do would have a beneficial elect, he would not go to the full extent of his powers as regarded the impo sition of fines. The act gave the revising barrister power to fine for separate breaches of duty; but he should only flue the overseers of the parish on that occasion in the sum of 31. for not having complied with the requisition of the act in re ference to the several claimants. The cue of George Gee, of No. 6, Maidenhead-court, was similar to that of Mr. Barn well ' • as were also the cues of Thos. Lucas, of 113, Alders gate.street, and Robert Meikle, of 145, Aldersgate-street. In each case ne should inflict a line of 31. Frederick Ruther ford, of 68, Barbican, was oar the register last year in respect of premises which he had occupied for five This year his name had been removed from C ra itedeohook; and from the list of voters without any reamenable cause being assigned. A claim to he again rated was served by another party on his behalf. That party was taken by Mr. Piper to tho vestry; and be MY informed by the assembled vestry that Mr. Rutherford's wee and the names of all other parties on whose behalf he ad abo served claims to he rated, should be put on the then, next, and on all subsequent rates. Relying on that state ment, Mr. Rutherford made no further claim to be rated, but he brought before the court his claim to be re inserted on the register. It turned out that Mr. Rubterford's name had been inserted by the overseers upon the then subsequently made rate, but that they had again omitted it, in violation of the assurance given by the vestry, from the next rate, and in consequence of this omission he had been disfranchised. As this case was a very aggravated one, he would tine the overseers in the sum of 4/. Thomas Eastnor's case was similar, except that his name was not on the register of last year. Fine 41.—1 n the case of William Mason, of 109, Aldersgate-street the same fine most be inflicted.—ln the parish of St. Andrew Under shaft, J. G. Anthony occupied a counting-house in the East India Chambers, for which he paid 451. a year rent. His name was on all the rates, which had been duly paid, but he was not returned by the overseers as occupier in the list of persons entitled to vote. His title was clear. Fine 21. The learned gentleman then inflicted fines of the same amount in nine other cases within the same parish. In the parish of St. George, Botolph-lane, George Clark, of 29, Pudding . lane, had been objected to on the ground of his not having been rated. In this case there were two rates. The party claimed to be rated; and the overseen neglected to put him on ,the then existing rate, but included him in the rate made subsequently and in present year's list of voters. In this instance he should inflict the mitigated penalty of 11.—Josiah Merrill, of 29, Pudding-lane, was objected to on the same ground as the preceding party. He was not rated for the premises he occupied, but through the negligence of the overseers be was rated for another house which he did not occupy, and which was not in the parish. By this means he had lost his franchise. He should inflict a fine of 3/. In the parish of St. James, Duke's place, Isaac Isaacs, of No. 1, Sugar Baker's-yard, was wrongfully omitted from the list of voters. The court fined the overseers in this case 21. In the same parish there were two similar cases in which the same fine was in flicted. Lon Price was rated on the three rates made sub sequent tongs claim to be rated. The overseers had not put hint on the rate existing at the time when his claim was made, but they hail put him upon their list of voters. His title was clear, his name was retained, and the overseers were fined in this case in the sum of 11. The revision during yesterday presented few features of any interest. In the parish of St. Mary-at-bill there were four cases in which occupiers of premises, whose title was unquestionable, bad been omitted by the overseers under the erroneous supposition that they were lodgers. The re vising barrister inflicted a fine of 21. in each case. Mr. Oxley was objected to on the ground of misileserip. lion. The objection was held to be invalid solely because the notice had been served at the place where be resided instead of being served on the premises for which he was rated. Tho following was the result of the day's revision hberal claims allowed, 7, disallowed, 24; conservative : allowed, 1, disallowed, 6; Mural objections sustained, 26; failed, 18 ; conservative : sustained; 72 ; failed, 30; objections by both parties, sustained, 28; failed, 1. It is impossible, perhaps, to give an exact estimate of I the sums of In :ney which have been expended by this country in the attempt to suppress the slave-trade. It is highly pro bable, however, that twenty millions of pounds sterling have been devoted, first and last, to this branch of the puhlie service. There is not only the direct expense incurred by the cruisers which have been employed on the coasts of Africa, the West Indies, and Brazil, but that which has been paid to foreign powers to secure their co-operatien, the expenditure in and for Sierra Leone, the Gold Coast and Fernando Po, bounties paid to captors of slavers, salaries to the mixed commissions, pensions, &c., &e., &c. According to the latest estimate, the char ge for the suppres sion of the slave-trade is stated as follows: Ves sels employed in the west Coast of Africa, 291,6011. : and for vessels not exclusively employed on that coast, 414,05 v.; total, 706,1-541., exclusive of the sums paid to captors, mixed commission courts, &c. Probably the amount actually expended is more than a million of pounds sterling per annum. S 4 vast an expenditure on ineffective efforts to suppress this hateful traffic, clearly shows the impolicy of the measures hitherto adopted to secure that ead. But to this expenditure must be added the loss of life sus tained by the cruisers on the pestilential shores of Africa, from which the dangerous and the destructive character of the service to British officers and camen becomes appa rent. By returns made in 1841, it appears that, during the preceding eleven years, the number of deaths on the West African station amounted to eight hun dred and forty, of whom eighteen were killed in action with slavers. The numher wounded is not given, nor the amount of invalids sent home during the period, but they must have been considerable. The number of cruisers employed varie4 from year to year from seven to nineteen, and complement of men from 710 to 1.536. The deaths, &c., which took place on board of vessels employed in the same service in the West Indies, Brazil, &e., aro not given. A more perfect return for 1845 has, however, been laid before parliament, from which it appears that the number of ships of war of all classes employed for the suppression of the slave trade was fifty-six, mounting 886 guns, and manned by 9,289 men. the mortality and casualties are stated as Col lows :—Number of deaths of officers and men in vessels em ployed on the West Coast of Africa, 166; and in those Lot exclusively employed on that coast , 93—total, 259; offi cers and men invalided, 271 ; making a . grand total Of 630. Such a waste of life and health In a service ethic!), it must be allowed, has failed in its object, is greatly to be deplored. But when it is found associated with other evils of a more aggravated character—that, in point of fact, it increases, rather than diminishes, the horrors of the traffic—it may . be hoped that the government will pause before it sanctions the con tinuance of the system, or recommends further grunts of the public money for its support. The frightful misery and death to which the armed sup pression of the slave-trade gives rise on board the slavers, ie most afflicting, S nee the traffic has been declared contra band. it is an undoubted fact that the vessels employed in the transport of slaves from Africa to Cobs and Brasil, have been constructed rather for swift sailing than for stowage, and yet that on board of them incredible numbers of 'laves are usually packed. The history of human suffering and crime presents no picture so truly heart-rending and re volting as that which is frequently witnessed on board the slavers. In the list of captures furnished by Commodore Jones for 1844-5, we find a felucca of ten tons loaded with forty slaves, another of eighty-one tons with 312 slaves, a schooner of ninety-four tons with 444 slave@ a brigan tine of sixty-seven tons with 43.5 slaves, and another of one hundred and thirty tons with 685 slaves, besides their crews and stores! Of course the most frightful misery, disease, and death, result from this over-crowding ; and the wretched victims who survive the perils of their voyage, arc usually , n so diseased and emaciated a state as might justly fill with indignation and sorrow the hearts of all not hardened by participation in this atrocious trade. Even in those eases in which the cruisers have been successful for a time, in driving the slavers from particular parts of the coast, the slaves accumulated in the barracoons for shipment have suf fered " much disease and mortality from the crowded state of those places ' and a scarcity of food," as may be seen from the last o ffi cial report of the commissioners at Sierra Leone. The committee would add that there arc good grounds for believing that, in some of these cues, the slaves are delibe rately butchered to avoid the cost of their maintenance, and the trouble of securing them. It is then incontrovertible that the coercive principle as applied to the suppression of the slave-trade has failed, that it costs this country an immense amount of treasure—that it wastes the health and lives of British seamen—that it aggravates tho horrors, without sensibly mitigating the ex tent, of the traffic—and that some ether means must be found, if ever this scourge of the human race be removed. Souvn Essix.—On Friday last Sir Walter Rid dell held his court at the Swan Inn, Stratford, for the pur pose of revising the lists of voters for the Stratford polling district. Mr. Rawlings appeared for the liberals, and Mr. Clifton on behalf of the conservatives. The liberals took 42 objections, 22 of which were sustained, 13 failed, and 7 warn withdrawn. The conservatives made 15 objections, 14 of which were sustained, and 1 failed.—On Saturday the re vising barrister held his court at the Cock Inn, Epping. PORTSMOUTH, MONDAY.—Prince Albert arrived Mr. Rawlings attended as before, and Mr. lesson and Mr. from Osborne this afternoon, at a quarter to four o'clock, and London for the conservatives. The liberals took 71 objec landed at portsca-pier, where he was received by a guard of tions, 56 of which were sustained, 3 . withdrawn, an 15 honour and the heads of the departments. His royal high. w er e Bathe conservative n come s took 27 of ob anjecti ol ons s , oral onl to the fory 3 of which m nets entered a carriage and proceeded to the piece of ground eained, i equence j granted by the Ordnance, and on which a new hospital is to of the notices bein g taken by Mr. Rawlings, and which the be built for this town and vicinity, the fleet stone of which revising barrister held to be fatal.—The number of objec the prince had consented to place. The stone was laid by lions made by the liberals in the Romford, Stratford, and his royal highness with all the formalities usual, and very Epping districts amounted altogether to 152,103 being ant. soon after his royal highness departed in his carriage, fol- taiaed. The total number by the conserv•tives,62, of which lowed by a long string of 'vehicles of every description . 31 were sustained, being a gain in them distr i cts of 72 to the Thousands of rreoes were present on this occasion. liberals. THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 28, 1847. COLLECTIONS FOR THE NATIONAL SOCIETY UNDER THE Queen's Lerrza.—By the returns of collections under the Queen's letter in aid of the National Society for promot ing the Education of the Poor oa the principles of the Esta blished Church, it appears that the total amount contributed by the diocese of London is 33,8531. 12s. 3d. CITY OF LONDON GENERAL PENSION SOCIETY. — The annul meeting of this society was held yesterday at the London Tavern, Mr. Rolls in the chair. A letter was read from Mr. Richardson, the secretary, resigning his office. The report was then read by Mr. Smith. Amongst other things, it appeared that there are now in the receipt of pen sions from the society 6 males and 2 females above 90 years of age; 9 males and 11 females above 80; 7 males and 5 females above 70; 11 melee and 9 females above 60; and 4 males under 60, totally incapacitated. The report also stated that the contributions during the past year sore greater than they had been for 13 years previously. Several of the pensioners had died during the past year, leaving 32 men and 27 women now in receipt of pension, Irma . ..me society. The report having el'aidea to '.fit wish of the directors to increase the amount of tho pensions (which at present arc 31s. to the men and 225. to the women), concluded by seating that the receipts during the past year had been 2,1111. its ' and the disbursements 1e401., leaving a balance in ;,and of 4711. It appeared, how ever, that out of the ram of 9001. contributed at the last festival (which took place about four months since) 300/. re mained unpaid. Various alterations in tho relies of the society having been made, Mr. L. J. Hanurd was appointed treasurer, and Mr. G. Hayward secretary, pro tem. ; and some other routine business having been transacted, the meeting separated. CATHOLIC DEMONSTRATION IN FAVOUR OF POPE Pit-rt.—Last night a densely-crowded meeting of the catholic inhabitants of the borough of Marylebone was held at the Literary Institution, Edwards-street, Porten-square, for the purpose of expressing their sympathy wise Pope Pius IX., and to protest against the °egressions of the Austrian government on the Roman states. Shortly before eight o'clock the chair was taken by the Right Rev. Dr. Morris, Bishop of Troy, who addressed the mei ties in a speech of considerable length, and supported the claims of Pope Pius on the confidence and admiration of the catholic community. The right rev. prelate eulogised the career of the sovereign pontiff, end called upon the meeting to 'seri se, in language which could not be misunderstood, their feeling, with regard to the iniquitous, tyrannic, end unjust attack which had been made by the Austrian power on the rights and privileges of Rome. His profession did not allow him to be warlike, or to advocate war principles; but there wcro exceptions to the general rule, and if he were called upon to go forward, he was prepared to meet the Pope, and to leave nothing un done that he could do towards de eating the aggressive policy of these who were endeavouring to trample him under foot. —The Rev. Mr. Macneil proposed, and Mr. O'eleemay se conded, the first resolution, which declared, that whilst they, as eatholies, acknowledge their unbounded spiritual alle giance to his Holiness Pope Pius IX., who so ably filled the papal chair, they at the name time proclaimed their COH• fidence and admiration of his wisdom as a temporal ruler and sincere protector of religious and political liberty end indepentlence.—The Reverend Mr. O'Neal and Mr. Ward, formerly of Oxford, were the mover and seconder of the next resolution " That the efforts now being made by the Austrian powers on the dominions of his holiness to check the p-ogress of national liberty, promoted by Pope Pius IX., and the occupation of the town of Fer rara by Austrian troops, merited their unmitigated con demnation and hostility."—The Rev. Mr. leers proposed, and Mr. F. Lucas seconded, the adoption of a resolution, declaring the necessity for entering iuto a subscription to aid the Pope in the further progress of reform, and to afford him the means of defence against his aggressors. The Rev. Mr. Reardon and Thomas Barnwell, Eese were appointed treasurers. It was also agreed that an address of sympathy, founded on the resolutions, should be presented to the Savo reign Pontiff. The fourth resolution, laudatory of the con duct of the King of Sardinia &nil l'rince Leopold, Duke of Tuscany, in volunteering their assistance to second the Pope's exertions, was moved oy 'l'. P. Healey, Eeq., and seconded by Bernard Duffy, Esq. All the resolutiotut passed unanimousy. A vote of thanks having been awarded to the chairman, the meeting separated. JUVENILE ASYLUMS.—Sir,—In your paper of the 10th inst., you state—" It is with sincere pleasure that we learn the subject of juvenile asylums is at present under the consideration of the Middlesex Justices, and that two of their number have submitted to a committee distinct proposals for establishing them." Allow me to lay that I heartily follow you in expressing my sincere pleasure that such a scheme has been seriously thought of. I do trust that you will steadily keep the subject before the public, for tiro social con dition of the country would be greatly benefited by such a measure as that propounded by Mr. liotch, one of the two justices in question, whose views you have so ably seconded. I desire to bring under your notice a numerous class of un fortunates whose case I think ought to be included in the measure. It is very well known that there is a lamentable number of young men whose prodigal conduct at the f irst outset in tile is not only a source of great grief to their parents and relatives, but to society at large ; and that although the great majority of these young men in their sober moments ere anxious to separate them pelves from their evil haunts and companion', and for that purpose would then agree with their relatives to betake themselve to other places, yet having no place to which they could go. they no sooner leave their parent's roof again than they break through all their good resolutions and become even worse than before; and this conduct being often repeated, actually brings the sons of respectable parents to disgrace and to crime. Now in Mr. Hatch's proposed act of parliament he contemplates an asylum to be celled the Child's Home. and in the fourth clause he enumerates the classes of children intended for it. They are—children driven from their homes by the had conduct of parents ; children neglected by their parents • children who are orphans and neg'ected by their parents; children who are bastards, and children who are orphan., and for whom no one does provide ; children who from their own misconduct have no protection or provision found them ; children who are idle and dissolute, and whose parents or friends cannot control their bad conduct; children who are destitute of proper food, clothing or education, owing to the poverty of their parents or friends, but whose parents or ' friends do not apply for or receive pariehrelief ; children who are destitute for want of employment, and children of the class who become juvenile offenders generally. In this enumi ration it is evident that the " children who from their own misconduct have no protection or provision found them, and the children who are idle and dissolute, and whose parents or friends con not control their bad conduct," comp very near the descrip tion of persons I have in view. The addition, I think, that should be made to the proposed act of parliament, is to give a power to parents or other friends to place their young men under safe keeping in an asylum to be built for the purpose. At present no law can reach the cam of the young men in ' question until they commit a breach of the peace or crime it self. This is a great want; for parents generally would be glad of a power to restrain their prodigal sone, and of a recognised place where they could be kept at a moderate board. Indeed, so convinced am lof the utility of such a law that I doubt not parents would consider it a great boon to have the power of separating their sons from society only with their own consent, which I feel confident these young men would willingly give on the occasions above re. tarred tn. It may be asked are the people to be taxed for the support of asylums to support such characters? I answer, why not, seeing the evil I wish to avert by these asylums, if not chocked, actually brings its vic'ims to crime? Bat I don't wish these asylums to be built or upheld by government. All I desire is, that parents shall have the power to restrain their eons when necessary in safe pincer, and this being recognised by law, proper asylums would aeon be established by private enterprise, —Scores.—Sept 24. MR. H. BIRNIE'S LECTURES ON SLIAHSPEARE.— Yesterday evening this gentleman gave ' at the Hanover square Rooms, the second of his series of lectures, analytical and critical, on certain plays of Shakapcare. The play selected was the " Merchant of Venice,"—which Mr. Bimie prefaced with a dissertation on the evils engendered in the heart of man by the influence of the external world as exem plified in had and unequal laws and harsh conventionalities, to which he added a description of the character of the JeWiii, nation and its almost boundless influence on human affairs. He then went through the play, interspersing critical dis quisitions with recitations of the most interesting portions of the text. There is a vein of originality running through his remarks and criticisms, which, accompanied by an evident knowledge of his author, and conveyed with great command of language, earnestly delivered, render Mr. Birnie an agreeable lecturer, and we sincerely trust he may become a popular one. PROFESSIONAL VICTIMS TO FEVER.—Sir,—I WY struck with the pertinency of your expressions of sympathy on behalf of medical men, contained in your number of the 23rd inst., in which you have given the names of five gentle men who have fallen iii the prime of life within the space of seven days ; adding, that you could enumerate a long list of those who have died within the last six months in the towns and cities of England. In pert proof of this assertion. I send you the particulars of an instance appositely bearing upon the whole of your remarks : There are three or four private lodging-houses in this town for the accommodation of travellers of the lowest class. Case' of fever are fre quently occuring. To a case in one of these receptacles Mr. David Goodsell was called up in the night to attend. • On his entering the room, where 16 persons, men, women, and children were lying, he was almost suffocated. Ile caught the fever, went home, communicated it to his sister and one of his children ; after 17 days' illness he died on the 30th , ult. aged 31, leaving a widow and three children destitute, fir had mortgaged his little property lately to enable him to walk the hospitals and qoalify as a surgeon. The public demanded his services; it has had them, and his life too; but his widow and children have lost them : their wants must remain unrelieved, for there is no provision for such. These pest-houses Dated continue to endanger the lives of others, for there is ne law at present to suppress them.— Hustentex.—Gravesend, Sept. 25. BILLS OF EXCHANGE FROM IND7A.—At a special meeting of the Liverpool East India and China Association, held on the 22nd of September, Mr. Cheeks Turner is the chair, it was unanimously resolved—" That in the opinion of this association the term of tea months' date, at which hills of exchange are usually drawn from Calcutta upon England, is unnecessarily long for the legitimate purposes of commerce, and gives encouragement to undue specula tion and accommodation; that a bill drawn from Cal cutta upon England at six months' sight would, in the opinion of this association, afford ample facilities to the mer chants connected with India for carrying on their business; that whilst this association would not wish to throw any di fficulties in the way of such fair accommodation as may be necessary to the carrying on a distant trade like that with India, they are of opinion that ten months' credit upon a bill of exchange fa not requisite for this purpose ; that it is attendid with very great risk, by giving an undue extension to credit, the disastrous effects et which the mercantile world is now experiencing ; and for the foregoing reasons, and also considering it absolutely necessary to the safety of all parties Mau:Med with India, this summation most strongly urge upon ils members the propriety, as far as may be in their power, of discouraging the negotiation of bills of ten months' date, and of endeavouring to establish throughout the presi dencies of India a uniform usage of not exceeding six months' eight for bills on England. That a copy of these resolutions be communicated to the lion. the Court of Direc tors of the East India Company, with an urgent request that they may be pleased to instruct their agents in India to comply therewith; that copies be also sent to the London, Ole gow, Manchester, Calcutta, and Bombay Chambers of Commerce, and that they likewise be strongly urged to co operate in carrying oat this desirable object."—Morning paper. ETHER, JUDICIALLY AEPLIED.—Sir,—It has this moment occurred to me, that under the present humane and benevolent aspect prevailing in:our judicial atmosphere we ought not to lose sight of one of the greatest blessings that Providence has lately vouchsafed us, aa regard! trie use of ether in mitigating and putting a stop to corporeal anfferunr, teen la our now few though stern :teems for the Indiction of death with criminals. I have always held the impression that the endurance of bodily pain and suffering could never for a moment have been contemplated as a desired or necessary accompaniment to the culprit's departure front this our earthly a'iode ; hence the abolition ()track and torture; but on the contrary, that every means should be wisely taken for their speedy and least painful transit to another world. Whilst under this humane and most merciful feeling, nations even have not hesitated to calculate between the axe, the tope. and the guillotine. Now, sir, being fully cinvinced that the dire necessity for putting a fellow-creature to death for crimes that may imperiously require such removal, does not call for any additional suffering. I cannot help painting out the very obvious and indeed loudly-called-for aid that is at the present moment most fortunately placed within our each, I' mean by subjecting the wretched cul prit on the scaffold to the inhalation of ether just prior to the bolt being withdrawn. 137 the indiction of death, and by his being thus deprived of the power to inflict injuries spin upon his fellow-creatures, as also the warn log lesson thus read to his survivors, it must be apparent to every one that the full and painful necessity of the law has been amply ace ,mplished, without inflicting useless and unnecessary suffering on the bodily structure. We see this benevolent attention to the mental powers varied out in the fullest degree by the soothing and heavenly aid constantly awaiting the latter moment , of the miserable victim; then why should the body be without its corresponding and mer ciful support ? I can remember, some 50 years ago, a well ' known physiologist of that day, Dr. llaightoo, having been p:rmitted to carry out some experiments for the recovery or re;uscitation of the executed felon ; and upon a successful ' result in one instance ha was forbidden to apply his means in future, as being in direct opposition to tho final intention of the law. But though in yielding to this imperative limes ' city I might make no scruple in sentencing to death the per • petraturs of arson, rape, or murder, yet I would invariably give even these the merciful and humane benefit of ether prior to their execution, particularly as not being an infringe ' went in the slightest degree on their final doom.—W. It.— : Surbiton. Tile CIItcKET STEAMER.—The engineer, 11. It. 'lnman, against whom a venlict of" Manslaughter " was re turned last Friday by the coroner's jury, has contrived to effect his escape from justice. At his examination on the last day of the inquiry, he gave his address at No. 8, Temple-lane, Fleet-street, but on !mentor Marsh, F division, into whose hands the warrant was placel for his apprehension by the coroner, proceeding there, be found the witness had given a false address, no such person being known there.—On Friday, the secretary presented to John Connor and Jerry , Leary a bronze medal and three aevereigne each, which had been awarded them by the committee of the Royal Humane Society, for their praiseworthy and successful exertions in having saved six persons from drowning on the recent acci dent occasioned by the explosion of the Cricket steamboat's bailer. These men are coal porters, in the employ of Mr. Bryant, at his wharf, which is close to where the occurrence took place. INQUEST, YESTERDAY.—ACCIDENT ON THE BRIGH TON RAILWAY.—Before Mr. W. Carter, the coroner, at the Beltway Tavern, New-cross, as to the death of James Grif fiths, aged 37, a fireman on the Croydon line of railway. W. Mitchell, also a fireman belonging to the company, stated that on Thursday cicalae, about 'teen o'clock, ho was on the platform at the station at New-cross, Deptford, and the deceased was at his engine, which was ping to Croydon, trimming his buffer lamps. He crossed one of the lines, sp parently to re to a shed on the other side, when, at that in stant, the Brighton express train came down from Leaden, and the engine struck the deceased and knocked him down on one of the aide tables. The train was going at the rate of 40 miles an hour, and did not stop. Upon going to the de ceased, he was lying doubled up, and his face covered with blood. He was quite dead. He had been in the employ of the company about two years, and ought to have known the Brighton express train would be down; bat he must have forgotten it, as it arrived at its proper time, but no whistle I was blown. Mr. Anderson, the station-master, said that the deceased hail a fracture on the top of the akull, and another on the forehead. The line was quite clear at the time, and there was no occasion for the whistle to to be sounded; and as the steam was blowing off the deceased's engine, he pro bably did not hear the train coming.—Verdict, "Accidental IRELAND. RELIEF OPERATIONS.—We find the following in the Dublin Evening Post of Saturday:-1n an able report of the rolief operations in the Gorey electoral division, drawn up by the Rey. Dr. Newland, Dean of Ferns, we find the following: In the months of May, June, and July, the number relieved each fortnight varied from 2,221 to 2,000; and the number of rations de livered from the 19th a April to the 29th of August was 171.242. The ration consisted of thick porridge of meal and rice, a most substantial food, and always admtrubly cooked. Each entice was considered by the Board of Health surßelent for the food of one person; and it was supplied at a wet, including fuel, of lid. This most moderate charge wan effected by eoonomy in preparing the materials for food, In the sole and honest keeping of it when stored, and in its preparation. During the greater part of the time all provPiona were at an exorbi tant price, rice being 20/. 10s. per ton, and Indian meal 171. 100, and yet we were enabled to provide the ratios at the low cost of 1 id. Thew facia will furraigi • safe vide for the future management of the poor, and the administration of relief under the new poor law, evincrng hat provident arrangements may necomplish great national benefits at comparatively small sacrifices, and must have • tendency to diminish the fear too unrversally entertained respecting that wise measure. The total expenditure in the Gorey electoral division was about 1,6001., for the sustenance of the destitute during • period of nearly five months. The population of the dis trict is 8,642, embracing the town of Gorey, where distress wasmost severely felt. The estimated area is 20,916 statute acres, and the net annual valuation 19,3771. For nearly five months of famine the cost of out-door relief was only ' 1,6001., or about eight per cent. upon the rated value of tho land for • single year. We dwell upon this case because Gorey is a fair average district as regards destitution, con taining much more than many electoral divisions in Ul ster, or in the county of Kildare, and far less, of course, than any part of Mayo, or than most parts of Cork or Kerry. We bad occasion, in a recent number, to condemn the moans opposition given by farmers—and wealthy occu piers too—to the levy of the rate for the support of the poor in the Tralee union. Why, the poor law is really a law for the protection of the tenant as well as the destitute poor ; for, before such a law had been in force, the great burden of supporting the poor in the rural districts was thrown on tke farmers • and if any particular clan could reasonably object to a legil provision for the destitute, it would be landlords alone. We are convinced that tho poor law, extended even as it is, will ultimately prove beneficial to all classes, pro vided its provisions be carried out with the cars and economy suggested by our Dallyshannon correspondent. This im pression, that the law is really one for the certain benefit of the farmer is daily making progress, according as the subject is correctly understood. hum Fumes' The Cork papers contain some interesting information respecting the new fishing establish ment at Cosheen, in that county, projected and indeed matured by Ca pt . Thomas, of Cosheen Mines, and Mr. Swanton. fis ery has now an order far 100 tone of ling and as math herrings as they can save "at a fair figure." The fkodobass Reporter lays : Thin esseestiow bee now been In active eperstioa for some months. The porhetket which has hem attained hi the=! , of the Ifeh, for futerrigeriswistftion, exceeds the eiwolleooe of the Ash preemed hes ettrested es S im. trese ewe digest parts of the ovantry, ark seeds Thera reetivoi r ardor Ix one hundred Mai of Mot lied, sad es Imps a emehtity of herrings ss be can cure, hem the missal Ica of Ocem eel Da,, *Mobilo. Major Beard* in his csq *brawl do videelidest, mob to the go verness* Minantilir 0101111111.11111 g rd soistanee, sad had method the vbey u rhi Treesery w. idtk i l lret.A ioom itif ft. as samtium met think % y in:: se seopolid by yea; bet bays swerlalocd hos KT Bleti*h ili Vi est Sore shalom et 45/. remaining of a charitable fowl ieldeb wee obese at air discord, and I have requested him to raga It la yeallaiedir that It may be added to the gabscron white has hem aka la of the Is dertakir4r. Pray taken Yr. Themes that It is tone to be able to sedst la his tiohly wad pima to this extent.—Tours, very truly, C. V. TISVILTAW. PROJECTED MEETING OP IRISH MEMBERS.—A second preliminary meeting of Irish members, called by Mr. John O'Connell, assembled yesterday at Medley's Hotel, College green. Alderman O'Brien, M.P. for Cashel, presided ; and there were present, besides the chairman, Mr. John OsCon nell, Mr. Henry Grattan, Mr. Fagan, and Mr. John Reynolds. The object of the meeting was to consider the replies made to the invitations issued for the meeting in November. Upon the reading of Lord Claude Hamilton's ' answer, a discussion arose as to the objects to be considered at the intended meeting—whether or not repeal should be discussed there ? Mr. John O'Connell thought it ought, as otherwise it would be supposed they were afraid of discussion —they were bound to the people to discuss it. Mr. Henry Grattan was also for discussion, Incense he thought the non-repealing members might be convinced, and become re peaters. Mr. John Reynolds thought it ought to be a ques tion undiscussed, because, supposing 80 members attended, there were only 36 repeaters, and on a division the majority against them would be 44. Suppose they should discuss repeal in parliament the minister would say to them, " Why, on your own ground you were beaten, how can you expect we should grant what you ask?"—The Rev. Mr. Coghlan, P.P., Kilmoree, county Mayo, made a statement of the poverty of his parish. There were 1,500 families in a state of destitution, and the psrish contained 15,000 acres capable of reclamation, but Lord Dillon, the landlord, did nothing to that cud. Mr. Coghlan thought the Irish members should agree to throw out any ministers who would this year exhi bit the hesitation to assist the people which Lord Jebn Rus sell did last year.—Mr. O'Connell and Mr. Grattan expressed concurrence in this view.—A statement in writing to a simi lar effect was read from the Rev. B. Durkin, parish priest of the parish adjoining Mr. Coghlan's, in which the distress was already describalto be intense.—The meeting separated early. Pratic MARTING.--COUNTS OP CLARE.—A meeting nu merously attended by the gentry of Clare, was held at Lnnis on Wednesday last, Sir Lucius O'Brien, M.P., lieutenant of the county, in the chair, the object of which was to express the disapprobation of the gentry of Clare at the relief woriy, at the 'management of the temporary relief, to pray that the unfinished works may be completed, and that government would take measures to advance the general condition of the country. SCOTLAND. EDINTIDIIOII, Sere 2-5. The sarans are making out a strong special case against the Dukes of Atholl and Leeds. Exclusion from Glen Tilt, and other interesting localities, not merely keeps away vague admirers of "the picturesque, „ or even average naturalists who may by accident fall on a new specimen, but it prevents the inquiring botanist from inspecting the allome vegetation of Britain. The Edinburgh Monthly Medical Journal gives a list of rare plants found on the Braemar and Grampian mountains, and in Glen Tilt, among which the Sarifraga ravitosa, Carer Grahame*, arylropis campestro, lychnis illpina t are to be found there only: If, then, botanists are excluded from theee districts (mys the writer in the Mehra Journal), they are cut off from the study of alpine pla to tad what renders the outrage to science more glaring is the fact, that many of these are found nowhere elm in Britain, erupt on the Braemar and Grampian range, and several are confined to, single spots on these bills. Agile, it fa in these districts that the geologist finite the ?wet perfect illustrations of those theories which have enabled him in modern time. to mil In the pa.st revolubans on the thrum of the earth, and to trace the changes it bar undergone from the most distant ages. It is in Glen Tilt that Mutton, in 1785, discovered the Junction of the granite with mica-nuts sod limestone, whereby he offered the first positive fait in opposition to the Wernerith doctrines. This striking proof of the ourreetness of those views now aimitted by the scientific world. nature has placed in the preperty of the Duke of Atholl, and until lately it has been freely rutted by naturalists from every civilised land. But now, that nobleman not only Uireatens to prosecute every re Alcman cuthious to confirm )0, notions by the personal inspection it Ufa natural formation, but offers them direct molestation, on the plea that they are disturbing his deer. More than one foreign pro. kaaw of eminence, has in consequence been obliged to return to his country, with the belief that the present dukes of Scotland are even rr ore uncivilised than their barbmorie ancestors. It is singular to re ft et that at a period when government is encouraging scientific expeditions to Australa, Van Dienint's Land, the Arctic Regions, and other districts at the limits of the empire, our Highland glens and mountable in its antra see shut out from investigation. It incurious to know that woilst the Marquis of Northampton is, as president of the itnyal Smithy, at the head of mimeo in England, arid Prince Albert vielts annually the British Association for the advancement of wiener, other noble lords are altogether insassib% to the honour and gratification to be derived from favouring the ranee of knowledge. Another instance of the revival of the Scots Acts has occurred at the Sheriff Court, Elgin, where, in virtue of an act of 1693, and a statute of George 11., a man was fined ten pounds Scots, and a guinea and a half sterling of expenses, for pulling bent grass from sand-hills. In the Scottish song of " Symon and Janet," it is said that the dwelling of the ancient couple was one Surrounded mei' bent and wi' heather, Wine mulreocks and plovers wear rife ; and its value, from the vegetable and animal life ease ciated with it in the song, is corroborated by the scien tific character of bent given in works of natural history. " Marsh bent grass," says Parnell, "is a troublesome weed, as its long creeping roots impove rish the soil. It is eaten by cattle, but they are not fond of it." One is therefore at a loss to know the motive for pilfering this grass, as well as that for prosecuting the thief, except upon the hypothesis of that passion for litigation with which it is said the folks of this side of the Tweed arc afflicted. The twenty guinea premium of the East Lothian Anti-Game-Law Association has been awarded to Mr. Shepherd, a farmer, near North Berwick, who is a conservative and protectionist, and who even broke a lance with Mr. Cobden himself in behalf of the corn laws. The trial of the under-gamekeeper of Colonel Ferguson, the liberal member for the Kirkaldy burghs, for assault, contrasts somewhat awkwardly with this. The official had struck one supposed trespasser, and his dogs bit other two, one of the latter being a female. A fine of three pounds, or forty days' imprisonment, was the sentence on convic tion. Mr. Shepherd is a farmer, the liberal M.P. is a landlord—and therein lies the difference. Alas for educational progress ! The master of the Edinburgh City Parochial Industrial School being dead, and the mistress being unwell, the school is to be turned into a fever hospital, twenty-four beds being the mighty accommodation that has led to this early abandonment of the system of preventing crime. With this specimen of perseverance - before their eyes, it is to be herd that the promoters of the protestant schools and t e united schools will provoke each other to renewed and sustained rivalry of good works. The board is to impose an assessment of 11 per cent- for the current year, and they calculate on saving 3001. from the reduced rate of provisions. In discussing the increase of fever, it was stated by more than one member that the Highland Destitution Board should give up 23,000/. at least of its 75,000/. in hand, for the purpose of checking the Edinburgh epidemic. Tho Highland committee will be as much puzzled about the disposal of its surplus, as ever father was with an heiress-daughter. The party who supplied the Glasgow section with adulterated meal, is to be tried at the ensuing Glasgow circuit for " falsehood, fraud, and wilful imposition." The Edinburgh anti-oath party are to petition par liament for relief : their prayer is for the legislature to allow that a solemn affirmation in the following or other form be substituted in lieu of an oath in every case where objections to swear avowedly arise from conviction that all oaths aro prohibited by the founder of the Christian religion ; and that falsehood under an affirmation be liable to all the penalties of perjury. FORM OF 1117./VRIST. TO. I A. 8., do, in the presence of Almighty God, udirm end declare, that I shall—(here follow the things affirmcd, promised, and de. clarml). As some sects object to oaths, on the ground that the name of the Deity is taken in vain, the proposed substitution would still be open to complaint. While her Majesty had, daring her visit in the far north, been the victim of almost incessant rain, the citizens of Edinburgh have been crying, like the chil dren of an Eastern desert, for water. The drought has been unparalleled since 1842—that memorable year in the history of the Water Company, when it was forced to return a large proportion of the rates to the inhabitants on account of the drought, against which they had not adequately provided. Since then they have been engaged in making other water works than those at Crawley, upon which they solely depended. These are not finished yet, and water is hardly to be had for love or money. The public baths have been closed for three weeks, and families who can afford it have emigrated to neighbouring places where water is to be had. Meanwhile the water company, who have been dozing over their new works for the last four years, have been suddenly roused to offer a large reward to whichever of the contractors they employ who shall finish his job first. In the distressing interval, many and sincere are the prayers for rain. REVOLTING CAME ire OLLEGOW.—On Wednesday, an Irishman, named George Fay, was apprehended on the charge o f committing a most revolting deed of cruelty. It appears that Fay, who is a master shoemaker, took posses sion in May last of a lodging, on the ground floor, in South St. Mungoetreet, consisting of three roomy, kitchen, and a closet. Upon taking possession of these premises, or imme diately after it—at all events in the month of May—the man incarcerated his wife in the water-closet, and there she has re mained from that period till lest night, when one of the inepectors of the Town's Hospital, having heard a rumour of the circumstance, made further inquiry, procured assistance, and relieved the unhappy creature. The prison of this poor woman was 3 feet 10 inches in length, by 2 feet 11 inches in breadth, and was between 9 and 10 feet in height. The only mode by which the air found admission was by means of a little wicket looking into the passage, for the door was not opened more than i once in three or four days, when food was tossed in to the poor wretch as to a pig, and then it was immediately closed I and barred on the outside. The prisoner was almost in a state of nudity when discovered; she crouched amongst a mvis of straw, and the place itself, as well as her person, were in a state of indescribable filthiness. From the body being so long bent in a sitting position the limbs were quite stiffened ; ohs could not stand upright, and from long suffer ing the mind had become a wreck as well as the body. The poor creature was taken to the Town's Hospital, along with one of her children. Fay was apprehended, and there were also taken into custody two of his workmen and the servant girl. The latter handed in the food to her imprisoned inistrees,and the shoemakers, while they whistled at their work, heard the moans proceeding from the dreary den. All of them, there fore, knew the killing-by-laches which was going on within a few feet of them, and yet none held out a hand to save. The man Fay, we believe, admits that he has not looked into his wife's prison for a month ; and since it received its lonely tenent the closet was not entered by any of the family What may have been the reasons, on the husband's part, which prompted this Algerine treatment in a Christian land, we know not ; but poverty had no hand in it, for there were found by the police not only a good stock is trade of shoes, but 191. in cash, The house has been shut up. On Saturday the man Fay. with the servant girl and two of the shoemakers who lodged in the house, were brought before the sitting magi-trate at the central police court, to answer a criminal charge brought against them on account of the treatment the unhappy woman had received. The case, after undergoing examination, was remitted to the sheriff. Fay's statement in exculpation is, that his wife had become a troublesome lunatic previous to his having confined her, and that she was also much addicted to drinking. FATIL ACCIDENT ON THE GRANTON TUILI;AY.—A me lancholy and fatal occurrence took place on the Edinburgh, Leith, and Greaten Railway on Friday about noon, within a hundred yards of Leith Docks. A wrest of the company, Peter Mtn., in charge of the goods train, anxious to ascer tain if the switches ware In their proper places, ntshed for ward for that purpose ; but, unhappily round, he wee esaght by thebreke 0f.t9004 to breath '. one of the tra d whlibe docima wee shoat leaund, end fivee or ten caini . t 30 years of age, and has left a widow and two infants to lament his loss. PROVINCIAL A CHARGE OF MURDER was brought against an operative brewer at Manchester yesterday. The prisoner's name is Thomas Cawley, but he i s better known as Thomas Porter. He is charged with having kicked his wife, in con sequence of which she died almost immediately. He had left the unfortunate woman his week's wages to go market ing with, and on his return home at night he found her drunk, having spent the money. In his passion he com mitted the offence., and then gave himself up to the police. Evidence was merely gone into to establish a prima facie case, and the prisoner was then remanded till an inquest has been held on the deceased. Two DEAD BODIES FOLIND.—OU Saturday, some men were walking along the beach between Formby and Crosby, about five miles from Liverpool, when their atten tion was directed to the dead body of a man which was lying in the water, close to the shore. The deceased was very re spectably dressed, and appeared to have moved amongst the middle class of society. fhe sum of 51. 10s. G.l. in gold and silver was found in his pockets, and also a silver lever watch. About six yards further on the body of another man was (Jund by the same parties. The latter was dressed in some thing of tho garb of a sailor or ship carpenter. A sailor's knife was band in the pocket, but no money. There were not any marks of violence upon either of the bodies, but there woo considerable discoloration, caused by the length of time they had lain in the water. They both seemed to be about the middle height and age, and it was supposed that they had been drowned during the late gales. THE REJOICINGS AT KNOWSLEY.—On Saturday the numerous children who are receiving instruction at tho schools on the Earl of Derby's estate assembled, by invita tion. at Knowsley-hall, and were plentifully supplied with old English cheer. They subsequently walked in procession through the grounds, and d owed a country dance on the green. The band of the l'ensioners was present during the whole of the afternoon, end played a variety of airs and marches. The cricket match between the noblemen and gentlemen staying at the hall and the Edge-hiliCricket Chet has been postponed. NORFOLK. JENNY LIND IN NOEWICIL—Three concerts, at which this extraordinarily gifted vocalist ban appeared, were given in this city on Wednesday, Thursday, and Saturday last, and caused the greatest excitement. St. Andrew's Hall was filled on each occasion. On Saturday, when Messrs. Hall and Smith reduced the prices of admission to 10s. Gd. and 55., more than 2,500 persons took advantage of the opportunity. The receipts of the three concerts were about 3,500/. out of which there will he about 1,4001. profit. The terms of ' Mdlle. Lind's engagement were 1,0001. for the two evenings and 2001, for the Saturday morning concert. On Mr. Hall's waiting en her with a cheque for the amount she expressed her unwillingness to take it all. Sho said the prices had been lower than at any other place (which was ix consequence of the representation of some of the patrons), and she was sure that they could not make so much by her as they ought; and she insisted on returning 2001. She would Lave added 501. to this, to pay for the extra expense they had incurred, in consequence of her not being able to appear at the rinse announced, but Mr. Hall would not accept it. In addition to this munificence Mdlle. Lind left 2001. with the bishop, at whose palace she had been enter tained during her stay, to be distributed amongst the chari ties of the city. HERTFORDSHIRE. ATTEMPT TO MURDER AN OLD MAN.—A few nights since an old man named Henry Bodsworth spent his evening at a public-house at Beechwood-green, and on the,, house being closed at the usual hour, either !tan drinking too much, or from fatigue, he went into a cart-shed at the beck and laid down on some straw. Shortly aft,r two men entered who had been drinking in the Fame house, and had seen Bolsworth change a sovereign. They immediately assailed him in the moat brutal manner with a heavy bludgeon, with which they beat him over the head till the blood issued most copiously, and he was almost senseless. He, however, a managed were t w en ... w a t t in , tf e l f b or rige o fi , eld n ar t i i u m t e a hundred by his ts. In this 11.1 d were marks of men's shoes, and about a quart of coagulated blood, between a number of bricks and the hedge where the old man was thrown, the villains no doubt supposing he was dead. Inspector Good, from certain in formation which he had received, apprehended two men, named Thomas Hide and James Claridge, who were kept apart, one at Whitwell, and the other at Stevenage. Upon examining the clothing of Claridge, marks of frc,h blood were found. lie accounted for this by saying that his nose had been bleeding. Similar marks were found upon the clothing of Hide, and, upon being shown Hide, Itodsworth at once identined him as being the man who iofi cted the wouncls,and he stated that Claridge knelt on his body during the time. After so cruelly treating the poor fellow, his as sailants took from him all the money he had about his person. The prisoners will not be examined till Wednes day next (to-morrow). --------- GLOITESTERSUIRE. WRITS FOR BRIBERY are said to hare Leen issued by the legal agents of the lion. Craven Berkeley against several of the most active supporters of air Willoughby Jones.—Chelletiltani LooIer•on. LITERATURE. Social Economy and Finances. By Ax Ex-MixisrEs. fltuttgard. We are induced to return to M. de Cuncrin's volume, chiefly in the hope that many who ere of opinion that theories arc very harmless things, and have little weight with practical men, may take this as an instance of the tate of a large portion of the globe having received a deep shade of gloom from the carrying out of theories therein acknowledged and set forth. The Minister of the Finances is, in all despotic countries, the highest functionary, and in Russia ho might have been omnipotent, if he had proved succees ful. Notwithstanding the apparent reckless expen diture of the court, and the exhausting drain of the Turkish, Polish, Persian, and Circassian wars, the resources of Russia are so enormous that the national credit might easily have been supported. But this undertaking suppose! a due appreciation of the re sources that the minister can command. Of these the people are the most essential. That the revenue was likely to gain by raising the moral condition of the Russian serf, and giving him liberty to exert his faculties at will, evidently never crossed the minis ter's mind. He thinks serfage a very comfortable condition, and would probably have stared, had any one whispered in his ear that free men are better able to pay higher taxes than serfs, for the simple reason that their earnings are usually greater. Serfage (Iribelgenschaft) le • less oppeeseive conditina, for the serf in the country is a free labourer on the days when he to, no villain's work to do. The town serf is in a different {,`llion as a household nervant, but he enjoys a kind of freedom from care which, with the majority, coffee, to dispel any mat anxiety for a change; end, in liusaia, ouch reckon themselves above the rank of ordinary peasants. in general, every condition must be in some measure tolerable, if It is to be of duration; and, without wishing to defend the cause of slavery, it cannot be denied that serfage is not the worst of human condttinns. The Russian serf Is, beyond an comparbon, in a better condition than the Livonian peasant Irina he °Maimed his freedom, and has become a farmer. There are also cirannstances under which people may be called half free. Such are domestic service, when the menials have no spoor time; the colliers in many lands, for Inst-moo fn Prussia, where • roan has a house, gods no, and grazing right, on the condition of working whenever it is required, sometimes paying a mall sum in addition. _ - . de Cancrin gives us an idea of the agricultural resources of Russia, by quoting an instance of one of those immense estates which supply the export markets when foreign demand suffices to pay for the carriage of the produce to the sea. In his classifica tion of land for agriculture he points out the inutility of seeking to reduce the soil, where it is abundant and luxuriantly fertile, to regular cultivation. parturage la found Is the steppe+. of Ransil and Hungary. The cattle are out at grass the greater t of tin year, and ermain out day and night. Previa. of hay i ho w ever made for the winter and there aro inclosures into which the cattle are driven In bad weather, snow donna, fee. On one estate in the lower part of the government of lekaterinaslaw, consisting of 132,000 hectares of black steppe-land, to two divisions., of which 32,000 &Oates are a hollow in the valley of the Dnieper, that is flooded in the spring; the wrorzie4o.rankqerbouset,ooo 100 I,ferin wl : f ahr7 ; AngoraeZ tue. e gogi , , , 500 honer, dues not esoml 2,500 males, located in dithreut farms, including the herdsmen. 405,000 cwt. of hay is harvested. Wheat it ao abundant that it to not worth more than four francs the hectolitre. Taking things as be finds them is the minister's forte. Ile never inquires what the result of the free labour of 2,500 males might be if applied to cultivate 132,000 hectares with proper implements, and conse quently makes no calculation as to the manner in which the national wealth might be augmented by exporting the surplus produce, and exchanging it for the products of other countries. He expressly rejects the notion of men having progressed from a state of untutored wildness, when they supported themselves by hunting and fishing, and gathered the fruits of the spontaneous growth of nature, until in creased numbers drove them to invent the civilised arts, and caused them to put forth their power by threatening them with the worst of evils. M. de C. professes his belief that the inhabitants of the valley of the Don and the Dnieper were born cultivators of grain, as the Samojedes were born to fish and gather mosses. From the juxtaposition of the following passage with the text, it would mem as if =le were even born bargemen : In a tare ar north-m Swept the pearazt l• at the a s time • sal itemise be othseetse_ „Osseo an 'wriest ea we Labe la ths goi aamm t i pa i pp broken tisk. la Ws assamst a Mae hi the mu at the Mater le sow Meg gr ea the im rsCia n asa a. , th Veal smemaem• mass • numerous hely Ipmemm, essesad ian ge rmib I, as with the Um, whisk Sae yearns W 'The Mt. Berta ban tams he Is wayex Os Wales by/ arms elf illemsballa weal to ausi ne l L =el es much fartherZa m are not agriculture : ree meet wwwieretice employment of the roil for the national welfare is evidently that foe whkh it Is Mat suited, prevail,' ea well J f