The Express. — London, England, 1847-10-07 00:00:00

TREK!, .*tter'lst to t i t do.nyi r .itie recruited 7 surprise that the slate, the.plague, it is a trying *mantic vagraney, should permit the • . importation of tribes of foreign beggars, recru, in a manner offesaive to humanity, living, es we have seen, so as to threaten witha plague the places where they congregate, and earning their keeper's gain at the expense of the daily comfort of hundreds and thousands of individuals, whom their intolerable grinding and twanging incessantly afflicts. The system itself, we say, is hateful. At the head of it there are a number of Piedmonteee and Italian rascals, who buy the use of these children from their parents for a stated period, keep them miser ably, treat them harshly, and turn them out daily to prey on the patience of the quiet parts of the town. All day they grind, gesticulate, and beg. The pence they have collected, which are either given to get rid of an intolerable annoyance, or be stowed by idle servants from the little stores of the children in their charge, are handed over at night to the head ogre. If the day's stroll has produced little or nothing, the children are apt to get roughly I treated. The best usage they meet with is a supper of some cheap and filthy mess, and after it a lair of rags or straw, shared in common by soma dozens, heaped together—a mass of filth, vermin, & we& nees. The infliction which the noise of their instruments causes in all the better parts of the town is no trifling one. It is hateful to those who love music, and weari some to those who do not. In the squares and streets of the West-ead there is hardly a minute free from their disturbance, from ten in the forenoon to a late hour in the evening. To many persons their grum bling. and squeaking is a grievance of no common severity—a distressing, monotonous, importunate that renders reading, conversation, or writing, ma Ea/- pleasant, at times an all but impossible, effort. Then is not, we are persuaded, one oat of every hundred householders, or inmates, in the quarters infested by these hardy-gurdies, that does not hate the aniseneo, and heartily wish it were abolished. Quiet, stadia= people, whom it disagreeably interrupts in their occu pations, the sensitive, and, above all, the sick, may well ask why they are not protected from this plague, which is a torture to them and &pleasure to nobodyouod may deem it unjust that the homes of peaceable natives of this country should be rendered at times nearly un bearable by the operations of these foreign mendi cants—worse, tenfold, than our own street beggars, whom the police will not tolerate; because these ply, and far more quietly, in the street only ; from the other you cannot escape, he plants his noisy machine before your window, the din pierces into every corner of the house, nor ceases to " make day horrible " until it has moved off a street's length, by which time —non deficit alter—a new grinder has usually begun to strike up the eternal polka, or massacre anew some air from the Sonnambula. This of itself may by , some be thought but a trivial grievance; although it does seem hard that num bers of persons should be expceed, without a remedy, to this kind of daily torment, the iteration of which makes up in a MOM what it may want in intensity. Were any equivalent pleasure given, or good done by . it to others—were it an incident of the necessary business of life in large towns—nay, were the system to which it belongs not bad in itself, and, as we have seen, the cause of other evils, the mere personal matter of complaint might not be thought sufficient to deserve the notice of a journalist. But when the true state of the case is the very opposite in all these conditions—when it is known that this form of foreign vagrancy is the fruit of a vile cupidity, kept up by means offensive to natural feel ing a kind of slave dealing, in fact, at tended with many incidents of cruelty—that the system is not only a moral but a physical pestilence— it may well be an additional reason for complaint that it is also such a nuisance to many as we have been faintly describing. In times like the present, too, when our own poor find it hard enough to live, and are punished if they beg, the permission of this worse kind of begging, by a tribe of vagrants deliberately imported to extort alms by tormenting our ears, we do take leave to think an injustice to the English vagrant, as well as an infliction on the dwellers in London. Let it not be said that this is the " poor man's music"—that we are pampering the sensitiveness of the rich at the expense of those who have few re creations. There is no such case whatever here. The hurdy-gurdy does not play for the poor, or in the poorer streets, in general. The quarters it infesb are chiefly the residences of those who have some thing to give, and ears that the noise may torment to the giving point. The contributions are raised is Belgrave-square or Baker-street ; the charity or huh money, as the case may be, on which these strollers depend, is not sought from the humbler classes at all. The nuisance, therefore, is not redeemed by any sentimental circumstance whatever: it is an annoyance, founded on a vile traffic, and adds, as we have now seen, a noxious element to a class of evils which it is the duty of all good go vernment to uproot. The process in this instance would not be difficult. It may not be easy to dispose of our own mendicants, in times of general distress : but it is surely in the power of this country to prevent the continuance and the contagion of a trade which lets loose upon its shores the noisy nuisance of this Italian beggary. A portion of the following appeared in part of last evening's issue. The news from Italy is important The Austrians gave up Ferrara on the 25th to the pontifical troop,. The Grand Duke of Tuscany has changed his mi nisters, substituting statesmen of well-known liberality for reactionaries, and has abolished the arbitrary power of the police. The leaders of the Calabrian in surgents have made a proposition to General Stratclia to lay down their arms and to return to their allegi ance, on condition of an amnesty and an assurance of political reform. Such are the heads of the intelligence which has reached us under forms more or less en titled to reliance. The letters from Rome are to the 28th ult. The fact of the evacuation of Ferrara is positive. The circumstances which preceded it are lees cer tainly given. According to a correspondent of the C-onstitutionnel, writing from Rome, his Holi ness tried, without effect, mild and conciliating remonstrances to induce the Austrian cabinet to with draw the troops. He then informed Count Lutzow, that if human means failed to enable him to preserve the trust which had been confided to him, he would have recourse to divine means. He would first address himself to the whole Christian world, and ask their prayers for the deliverance of the church, and that if after that Austria should persist in keeping her troops in the city of Ferrara, he would be compelled to resort to excommunication. Before this threat Austria re coiled ; an order was expedited for the retirement of the troops from the city of Ferrara, and this measure was carried into effect on Saturday, the 25th ult. It is not correct that any compromise was consented to on the part of the Pope, in virtue of which the city was to be occupied by Swiss troops, and that the civic guard was to be excluded from that service. The guard-houses of the town were surren dered by the Austrian troops to the National Guard. The edvices from Florence give a full report of the circumstances which led to the ministerial changes in that cabinet. Some time since, the Marquis Corium, the governor of Genoa, had been nominated by the grand duke, minister of foreign affairs. This noble man, the head of one of the oldest and moat illustrious families in Tuscany, had acquired immense popu larity by his conduct during the popular movement of which Leghorn has lately been the theatre, and by his well-known liberal and enlightened opinions. On assuming hie office as a cabinet minister, he found himself associated with men of retrograde doctrines, who were disposed to check the p of reform rather than promote it. Upon this he resolved to make known to the sovereign his opinions, which he did in the form of a draft of a project of a new constitution, such as he was prepared to advise, and finding alter this that he continued to I have beside him the same reactionary or stationary colleagins he resigned and retired to Rome. This event produced a sensation in Tuscany too strong and too universal to be either overlooked or misunder stood by the sovereign, who at once decided to re model his cabinet, so as to bring it more into harmony with public opinion. M. Bologna, the head of the police, was dismissed, his office abolished, and the Ministry of the Police made responsible to the Minister of the Interior. The general direction of the police, subject to this control, was con ferred on a citizen of unquestioned probity and capacity. The Marquis Ridolil and Count Seristori, both men of the most liberal opinions, and well-known friends of reform, were nominated We congratulate the members of the meeting at by certain Italian vagabonds, which, on more than event proauceu a sensauon Birmingham, and the commercial world at lar g e, on one account, wo think would be prohibited in any too universal to be either the tone observed in their discussion of the currency well ordered system of police. The naimance is a stood by the sovereign, w question. Men of various opinions respecting the double one. We have reported one instance, amongst model his cabinet, so as best organisation of a national enrreney—opunons on many, of the pestilent matter it brings into the spots harmony with public opinic which some have staked professional success, others where these hired mendicants are huddled together of the police, was dismuse literary' reputation, and all a greet portion of a labo- in their owner's sty ; and only those who are de - the Ministry of the Pot none life devoted ' to observation and study of the priced of hearing can be ignorant of the annoyance the Minister of the Intel subject—agreed to waive each his peculiar notions of their daily performances inflict on all who reside ii of the police, subject to the remedy, to joie in a unanimous declaration as quarters of the town which they haunt with incessant ferred on a citizen of to the cause of the disease that has involved us discords. The whole system indeed, bad in its origin, and capacity. The Ma in our present calamities. This is as it should and uopleasar.t in all its effects, seems to deserve pro- Seriston, both men of t bc. Men who are in earnest in their desire to effect hibition ; and, under all the known circumstances of and well-known friends o the wise rule, and that the Plata people had better be left to settle their own differences en familk. The Americans have even gone further, and declared that they would not much longer tolerate European inter ference on the continent of South America. This is a rather big expression; but it is enough to show that in forbidding France to prolong the civil war on the banks of La Plate, we could reckon upon the United States as an ally. Tna officers of the railway department of the Beard of Trade, in their report for 1842, after a three years' exercise of the inspection entrusted to them by parlia ment, gave their opinion on the returns collected during that period in rely express terms. "We are satisfied," they said, "that a degree of security has been attained upon well-managed railways decidedly euperior to that of any other made of conveyance." This decided testimony has not been contradicted by the experience of five subsequent years. The returns prepared by the commissioners for the six months ending on the; 30th of June last, of which the main results have already been published in oar columns, show that, with a mileage of railways opened, and a tale of passengers carried upon them, more than the double of what there were in 1842, the pro portion of fatal casualties to the entire number aver aged, continues to be practically insignificant. In the last half year, upon about 2,700 miles of road then at work, 23,119,339 passengers have travelled without any, the slightest, accident : of fatal casualties, the total number was 22 ; and of this number 14 only suffered " from causes beyond their own control," the remaining 8 having perished "owing to their own misconduct or want of caution." Thus,taking the en tire account of lives lost, from whatever cause, the proportion is leas than 1 in every million conveyed— excluding from it those which were sacrificed by the recklessness or wilful conduct of the owners, it is re duced to 1 in 1,631,300 only. These figures, it will be seen. establish a rate of general safety, "decidedly superior," as the Railway Department said in 1843, "to that of any other mode of conveyance ;" and entitle the system at large, in the terms of their pros so, to the praise of being " well managed." They show more than this. The acci dents to railway passengers will be found, on refer ence to the statistics of accident, in any of the active operations of daily life, to exceed in no sensible de gree the ordinary rate of casualties to any equal num ber of persons, however occupied ; that in to say, the chances of fatal injuries happening, in every million of persons busily employed, in what other way salver, will require to be stated at as high a figure as that which now represents the usual per centage of acci dent to a million using a railway. Or, perhaps, the fairer way of stating the position would be, that the rate of risk in travelling on railways will be found as low as it is in taking any other practical share of the common business of life. We do not observe merely that, of a thousand steam boat passengers, of a thousand omnibus or eabasete there will be a greater proportion of fatal IDIOM. riages than in the same number on a railroad. TIN= is probably a nearly equal per centage of fatal acci dents in any one of the several occupations or acts, to which no idea of personal danger is ever attached. No one thinks, for instance, of counting the risk of life before setting forth to walk about in Paris et London ; yet it has been gathered from statiarlaal calculations that, the annual loss of life to foot-panian gers from various street casualties in both those cities —in the former especially—amounts to a proportion of the estimated numbers supposed to circulate in them, far higher than we have seen elicited from the authentic returns of railway travelling. For all practical purposes,. indeed, it may be assumed that this business, as it is now conducted, is as free from serious i ink as any other thing a man can un dertake. And this from a very simple view of a plain fact. In no busy operation of life whatever's= we be certain that of every million of individnals concerned one shall not come to an untimely end by some accident. Occupations of far greater danger are going on daily before all eyes, and no one dreams of alarm respecting them. Many of our standing amusements even are ten-fold more fatal to life— number for number concerned—than is this business of travelling. Yet we see landowners ride annually to Epping, and sportsmen pack up for the moors with out a disturbing thought of the per centage of necks broken in riding, or of deaths from fire-arm accidents. There are twice as many lives lost from bathing in one month of summer as in all the twelve by train passengers. How, then, does it happen that so disproportionate an amount of anxiety should exist on the chapter of railway casualties? The main cause is that when they do happen the circumstances are of a nature to produce more than common terror. That immense power, which enables the locomotive to perform its miracles of usefulness while under due control and in good order, works fearful havoc when it escapes from guidance, or when the breach of some part destroys the balance of the whole. Like the element of fire, as described by SCHILLER, in his " Song of the Bell," its might is beneficent while tamed and watched, fearfully de structive when it once breaks loose from man's constraint. Thus, it is not merely the loss of life that appals bystanders in a rail way accident ; it is the fearful manner of its accompaniments; the suddenness with which it takes place ; the terrible energy displayed, by the moving cause of the misfortune. Now this is a con dition, above all others, requiring to berightly viewed by every one concerned. On the one hand, those who have the charge of the potent engine employed to effect so much good must be held to the strictest care in using it, by the knowledge of what mischief the same power, if deranged or neglected, can work. That they have done so hitherto, indeed, is clearly ap parent in the gratifying results which we have been commenting upon ; and nothing, we trust, will here after relax their solicitude on this cardinal point. On the other hand, those who use railways must plainly accept, within the limits belonging to the sphere of general casualties, the conditions inseparable from the nature of the instrument in question. It is a law of our being, as well as of the world around us, that in everything . moral and material the principle of c3mpensation is inevitable. If we control the whirl wind to our uses, we cannot expect it will become a zephyr when it happens by some chance to get beyond our control. It is en incident to every mighty instrument for good, that it will act with irre sistible force if perverted in a contrary direction u well ; and when the amount of habitual good infinitely surpasses the occasional e vil, as in the ease now before us, that peculiar character which renders the latter appalling will take its place, and should take no more than its due place, in the general scheme • no scheme of any of the conditions of 'life being comp osed of unmixed ele ments. In any considerate view of its exceptional events, we may fairly be reconciled to whatever is alarming in the derangements of a stupendous power, when it is seen that the evils of these bear the smallest possible proportion to the vast benefits we owe to the very circumstance of its possessing gigantic energies. This consideration, we think, should prevail in so far as railway accidents belong to the nature of casual ties—in so far as they may happen by such apparent fatalities as will occur to all things we use or handle. So far, and not a step further, we are called upon to take the evil with the good ; where the evil cannot be justly ascribed to causes re movable by human care or foresight, and where the good infinitely overweighs its opposite. Beyond this point, the character of thendschief that is done when due care might have prevented any, justly aggravates the blame of those who are respon ebbs, and the anger or alarm of those who view the consequences of their fault. That in the management of railways, so far, there has been little, if any, jut occasion for such censure or anxiety, is proved by a simple reference to the facts and figures attested by the public authorities. This is the principal matter of interest in the "chapter of ac cideats." To some other subjects connected with it we shall return hereafter. a change must waive the minor points of difference,' that each shoulder may be addressed unincumbered to the task of lifting the wheel out of the mire. We trust that the exam* will find imitators, and that public opinion will be expressed in all parts of the kingdom in unanimous chorus, condemnatory of the present restrictive system. It is essential to confine all efforts to the attain ment of the one object, the repeal of the restrictive clauses of the Bank Charter Act, and of the present limitation of private issues by regularly licensed bankers. Two reasons prescribe this course. In the first place, the of the restrictive enactments seek to she ter themselves from the responsibility they have insurred, by pleading the numerous and divergent views of the currency question that are en tertained by practical men. " Propose a remedy for the mischief," say the authors of the daily diatribes, who seek to put off complaints by sneers, and who meet sad and serious reasoning with sorry jokes. The reply to this confession of weakness, for it is nothing else, must be the denunciation of the meddlers who presumed to undertake the regulation of a matter of such importance in the flippant manner so justly held up to notice by Mr. MUNTZ. The denunciation must be, if possible, unanimous, that it may over power opposition. The remedy will soon be found, when the diseased body is restored to its powers of healthful action. But the want of a universally re cognised remedy is no ground for the continuance of measures that are acknowledged to aggravate the disease. In the second place, it is highly desirable that the restrictions which have prodd so much suffering should be abolished without the formality of a committee of inquiry. No doubt, good results to some extent from such investigations, and a committee to inquire into our present monetary crisis, and its im mediate senses, will be useful to make the operation of the system that led to it clear and intelligible to all classes. But if relief does not sooner appear, if the restriction on our issues—that is to say, on the right of making well-earned credit available for purposes of trade—be not removed before the report of such a committee could be drawn up, the injury that will be inflicted upon the trade of this country will be Una , cnlable. To judge of the truth of this assertion we have i only to review the history of the last twelve months. The export , . of bullion for grain amounted, according to Mr. 13ARING'S estimate, to eight millions sterling. Until this sum, or a portion of it, returned to pay for manufactures exported, the mercantile world demanded that the currency of the country should be kept at its usual amount, that no stoppage of produc tion and no substitution of poor-rates for wages should take place. The utility of the Bank as a national organ of credit would have been shown by its respond ing.to this appeal. But the Charter Act, which allows 1 an issue of 14,000,0001. for the convenience of govern. merit, does not allow of an issue on the mercantile credit of the country that is not covered by a deposit in gold. The reduction of the bullion fund by the export of last spring obliged the Bank to diminish its discounts, and with this diminution the distress began. Since July, 1846, the notes in circulation have diminished by nearly 3,000,0001., and bullion to the extent of 3,000,0001. more went out of the circulation of the country to pay for corn. But it was the re fusal of the Bank to discount, and the consequent stoppage of trade, that made this diminution be felt as a real evil ; for, although large stocks of goods were held in our trading towns, yet they could not as usual be represented in notes, for which they furnished securi. Had ty t.he restrictions on private credit not existed, or had the Bank not been tied down to notes repre sented by gold, there would have been means avail able for meeting the pressure of the moment. As it was, holders were forced to realise in a market de nuded of its circulating medium. They were not allowed to await the return of the wave, which would have restored the disturbed level. The wave has not yet flowed back, and the crisis is consequently not yet over. Our position, from shaken credit, is now such, that in dealing with foreign markets, cash payments will, to a great extent, be requisite. The return of bullion will thus, in some manure, be delayed. In order to execute the orders which are to bring back the exported bullion, the manufacturer mast seek bullion at home, to pay for the raw material and for workmen's wages. Suppose that orders arrived simultaneously from Raga and America to the extent of three mil lions—and such orders may daily be expected—the Foods must be made up and sold abroad if the value is to be remitted in specie. But in the interval, there will clearly be a drain at home. The chief use of sovereigns in England is in payment of wages, where 31. notes are inconvenient. The home drain, must, therefore, to a large amount, take the shape of bullion. What is paid in the shape of railway calls will naturally, to a great extent, also take that form. We are thus exposed to an immediate drain to the amount of three to five millions, or even more, before much of the exported specie can come back to us. And how is tho Bank prepared to meet such a drain ? The lest official statement shows that with a con tracted circulation of 18,078,0001., the gold on the deposit side of the bank only amounted to 675,0831. A demand for gold would, therefore, oblige the bank ing department to draw gold from the issue side by the sacrifice of its reserve of notes—that is to say, by a sacrifice of the means available for discount. The increase of pressure, therefore, to which there is rea son to look forward, will be met by no exertion of what the Chronicle calls " the boundless credit " of that establishment. It can only issue upon a deposit in gold. The bank is clearly and utterly powerless in this crisis. The cruel part of the matter is, that the Bank Charter Act having crippled the bank, the limitations on private issues have left the trader no resource. The merchants of Liver pool, Bristol, and Glasgow, the manufacturers of Wales; Staffordshire, and the north of England—cut off from the accustomed aid through the mediation of the capital—cannot turn to the bankers near them with proofs of the possession of property, and obtain local help. Thus we are in every way brought back to these acts restricting the use of credit, as terming, if not the first cause, certainly the most aggrava ti ng stimulators of the present distress. To remove them must, under all circumstances, be the first step to improvement, and could an order in council for their suspension until the meeting of parliament be obtained by the expres sion of public opinion, both the government and the nation would ultimately be deeply bound to the ener getic promoters of such a measure. Ova police report, on Saturday last, contained an account of the hearing, at the aerkenwell-office, of a complaint against the owner of a house in Laystall street, Bt. Andrew's, who had been summoned " for suffering a nuisance that was dangerous to the health and lives of the inhabitants." The house, it appeared, was occupied by one Rsnictrrt, a fellow whose trade it is to import Italian boys, and turn them out into the streets here to levy contributions on the public for his profit, with barrel-organs, white mice, rielks, and other instruments of annoyance. There were crowded together in this single den of abomi nation some seemly or eighty of these wretched ' foreign vagrants, kept, as the magistrate was no doubt moat truly informed, " in a most horrible state of filth," and " living upon the worst of food." Naturally enough, the place and all that belonged to I it were in a state of revolting nastiness, and the drains choked with every kind of ordure; and pools reeking with stagnant pollution were continually giving out fatal stenches, pestilent miasmata, bad enough to poison the whole neighbourhood. " They had been obliged," it was said, "to remove to the hospital, in a state of fever, one of the sufferers from this infection ; " and, it need scarcely have been added , that " the pulic health was in danger while the nuisance existed." Here was certainly a strong case for the inter ference of law. The whole system, of which this is one fruit, is a disgrace to this metropolis. It belongs to a species of hateful traffic pretty largely carried on by certain Italian vagabonds, which, on more than one account, we think would be prohibited in any I well ordered system of police. The nuisance is a double one. We have reported one instance, amongst many, of the pestilent matter it brings into the spots where these hired mendicants are huddled together in their owner's sty ; and only those who are de prived of bearing can be ignorant of the annoyance their daily performances inflict on all who reside is of the . incessant its origin, deserve pro ,,,ces of ~~; 7, 1847. I, THURSDAY EVENING, OCTOB: to the ministry of the interior and that-4 foreign affairs, from which the former retrograde opiate were dismissed. Nothing could eth o s enthu siasm with which the annennoement of these change! was receirect The characters of the two new mi nisters nit not only known in Tuscany, but through-, heir ti out the entire Italian ppeninsula.and t merit to power was expected to peados moat *por tant political effects from the Alps to drawn of Calabria. Colonel Sproul was appointed Gooner of Leghorn. Nothing was wanting to fill the measure of popular content save the return of the Marquis Corsica. The letters from Naples are to the 27th ult., and as usual belie the official reports of the government of that unhappy country. A note of Lord Palmerston to the cabinet of Naples, requiring the execution of the convention of 1816, by which the Sicilian parliament was to have been convoked to sanction every augmen tation of taxes, is mentioned, to which it is said the King replied, after consulting Austria, that the demand was inadmissible, seeing that the parliament was dissolved by royal ordonnance and with all the legelfarmalities. The insurrection in Calabria is te- Ltas having gained strength ; and it was said ea ral Nunziante had received two serious wounds in a conflict with the insurgents. It is also reported that a corps of artillery sent to Mangiana had joined the insurgents. The insurgents under M. Antonio Longobucco had seized on the town of Cotrone, on the shores of the Gulf of Tarentum. The royalist troops hearing them shouting " Viva Feidinando II." and " Down with the ministers !" refused to fire on them. Rome continues perfectly quiet The people seem to have received this news with a dignified tranquillity which indicates conscious rectitude and strength. The election of the officers of the national guard was proceeding without any extraordinary excitement Happily the fears of the retirement of Cardinal Ferretti were unfounded. That minister, on the 28th, inspected the garrison of the Castle of St. Angelo, where be delivered to the troops collected in a square around him the following remarkable address : I have visited you by the express command of our well beloved sovereign to testify to you in his name his perfect satisfaction. This really extraordinary trait of bens veteaa cannot but be highly gratifying to you, tome I do not think it customary for sovereigns to employ their prime minister, as his Holiness does to day, to bear words which generally have their place in the orders of the day. I avail myself of this opportunity to exhort you to remain faithful observers of duty and dis cipline, not that I have any particular reason to engage you to do so. Thanks to God, we are tranquil and peaceable, perhaps more so than any other people. However, should any danger present itself (which certainly is not the case at present) I am convinced that pious as you are, and grateful to your sovereign, who is also your father, you would give proofs of your fidelity and courage, and you would cot be alone. I shall be your companion. Though wearing the garb of a priest, and though I cannot show the courage of a soldier, I can affirm to you I have enough of the courage of a citizen not to be behindhand should the occasion require my aid; but, I repeat, danger will not come. Soldiers, I recommend three things unto you,—religion, fidelity, dis cipline. Lang live Pius IX. The chief of the insurgents, the well known Romeo, demanded an interview with Gen. Stratella, ' in which he proposed a cessation of hostilities if the King would consent to an amnesty and a change of ministers. The aides-de-camp of Generals Stratella and Nansiante were sent to Naples with these propo sitions sad with despatches informing the King of the Wtissa i lb of excitement which prevailed in the The result had not transpired at the Vlof these letters. 24th and succeeding evening, large assess binges of people took place in Naples on the Pia Beale, the Largo della Carita, and the Piazza Santa Croce. Tel-coloured banners appeared, and cries of "Viva NI 1X.," "Italian independence," and "The Constitution" were heard. After these had been dis posal, the town exhibited all the appearances of a plays in a state of siege, the streets being constantly patrolled by squadrons of cavalry and detachments of infantry, and overrun by the agents of the police. The guards were everywhere doubled, and extraordi nary measures of precaution adopted. Letters from Rome say that the Pope bad ad dressed a letter to the King of Naples, which was brought by Count Ferretti, the brother of the Car dinal, in which his Holiness expresses his regret that the useful reforms which he judged it necessary to adopt in his own dominions should be taken as a pre text of revolt in neighbouring states; but at the same time be impressed on the King the expediency of a timely concession of wise reforms. According to some letters, his Holiness adjures King Ferdinand, as a Christian, to spare the blood of his brethren, and re minds him, as a sovereign, that concessions have never weakened monarchs, except when they have been so late as to have the appearance of being ex torted. the present political chiefs, and theie functions will be nearly i . dentscal; only they will be in itomediate sub to the governor-general inst•ad of the Homo-o . Their pay will vary from 1'2,000 to 16,000 reels. There will be 42. One very important article reddens these officers independent of all con trol but that of the governor-general and the cedtral government Therefore there is an end to that part of the tyranny of captains-general which used the political chief as an engine, or persecuted him as an I obstacle. Of the sub-delegates there will be three orders, numbering in all 119. They will be named by the crown. Their pay will vary from 14,000 to 20,000 reale. The intendentes are to continue till the Ministers of Finance and Interior can agree upon a measure for merging the functions of three officers in the autho rity of the governors-general. The commissioners of public security and the commissioners of mountains are to be suppressed, except in some special instances. The decree is to come into operation upon Oct. 15. The new governors-general, gazetted to-day, are those of which I sent you a list yesterday, with two more—Burgos: Lorena° Flores Calderon; and Can tabria : Juan Martin Carramolino. Another decree makes some alterations in the Royal Council, suppressing 10 oat of 30 seats, and some of the subordinate offices. The councillors are divided into three classes: pay of first, 20,000 reals; second, 12,000 ; and third, 8,000. A letter in the Clamor, from Gibraltar, announces the departure of the Cabecilla Calvente, who was trepted, three months since, as killed in the moun of Toledo, on board a steamer for England. A new progresista paper, entitled the Campana, has just come out. Its rst number contained a caricature representing Reporter° as a winged hero thrusting his sword into the throat of a person accoutred as a general, upon whose breast he is set ting his foot. This absurd design has drawn grave censures from the moderado papers. Caricatures are forbidden by law. The Paris journals of Tuesday are devoid of domestic intelligence. All eyes in France are turned towards Italy. The struggle of which that country is the theatre commands the solicitude of the French public so much the more as the double-faced polies , of their government in relation to it is kept constantly before the eyes of the people by all the organs of the press, and by none more conspicuously, or in more odious colours, than by the organs of the government itself. Marshal-General Soult has arrived in Paris. The King and royal family have returned from La Ferte Vidame to St. Cloud. The obsequies of the late Marshal Oudinot, Duke of Reggio, were solemnised with great pomp on Tuesday, in the church of the Involtes. The Madrid mails of the 30th have arrived. The royal ordonnance for the re-organisation of the civil government appeared in the Gazette of that day. It was expected that M. Ventura de la Vega, the late private secretary of the queen, would be nominated Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. It was said that General Gallego had been appointed private secretary of the queen. In consequence of the result of his late conference with the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Ge neral Narvaez had, it was said, sent in his resignation as ambassador to France. This resignation was re turned to him, with an intimation that her majesty would not accept it. Such was the position of affairs on the 30th. Correspondents of tho French ministerial journals affirm that, in consequence of the apprehensions entertained of M. Salamanca concluding a treaty of commerce with England, several of the manufac turers of Catalonia had already dismissed their men and suspended their works. L'Helretie, a Swiss journal, gives, on October 2, the following, respecting Lord Minto's movements in that country : Previous to his departure from Switzerland for Italy, Lord Minto had a conference at Lucerne with the representatives of France, Austria, Russia, and Prussia. The English diplomatist was willing to see with his own eyes the men and the things of a country which M. Mossier and Mr. Peel have repre sented to their government under colours diametri cally opposite. We are assured he did not long remain in suspense, and that his judgment is entirely favourable to the cause of the federal majority. An official despatch from the Minister of Foreign Affairs acquainted the directory with the mission entrusted to Lord Miato. In this document, Lord Palmerston expresses himself in terms the most benevolent for the federal authority, and especially in the most honourable manner for M. Ochsenbein, its president. His language is very unlike that of M. Bois Le Comte. We may be certain England will oppose all foreign intervention in the affairs of Switzerland and MADRID, SEPT. 30. The late appearance of the Gazette has left scarcely time to give you the most meagre analysis of the great administrative measure published in it by the Minister of the Interior. The mother-idea is, to lift the civil department of the government from the state of insignificance and degradation to which it is st present condemned, and to raise its privileges and extend its functions so that it may stand on a fair level with the military. Another intention is, to fuse and combine many offices and branches of administration which are now exercised independently, and under separate catego ries. According to the new system the classes of civil officials are to be : 1, Governors-general ; 2, Gover nors of provinces ; 3, Sub-delegates of districts ; and, 4, Alcaldes. The governor-generalships will corre spond in territorial division as nearly as possible with the captaincies-general. There are to be eleven. The pay of these high functionaries will vary from 70,000 to 100,000 reab. The qualifications requisite to be appointed governor-general are noted in the decree. Their title is to be " Excellency." Their secretaries are to get from 20,000 to 30,000 reels salary. The governors of provinces are to take the place of h ear i n g for three days, on the ground of t;:v ihdhPoeition or his client, undertaking that he should ths'n apnear plead, whatever might be the data of his health. The cone however, refused to grant the delay, and the libel eras rea d I. the following effect:—" Much at this mo ment is being said about a certain annuity of 1,000 Civics glee b; Baron de R. (Rothschild) to M. H. (Rocket), a mem b er 'a the Council of State, on the day of his ma rr i age w i th th - daughter of the Minister D. (Demon.) This present W Milk in acknowledgment for the concession of th e N orthern Railroad." After bearing it Chain d'Estange on the pus a the =fainter and M. Ballet, and M. Thongny, the Ad e General, ?if . Demme not appearing, the court delivered is judgment, condemning tie editor of the Courrier Frames say works, thet o e r u. „i having nit o naturyie t h eirnpo fga no the a name ind d e mee o nfd f . e : 6 1 , 1 01 , i f tt . be , toeaapki g t. by M. Beverage should be known. CHERBOURG, Ocr. 4.—The French trans-Atlantic steamer, New York, arrived on the 3d bast. at Cherbourg from cants o BBER N toL e G w i vimu Y m oir w k i.7 , a w n h Tnn i u ch isss s E h eLs e e o at o l reT l ß ef . t ol o . n ; t 7 ; , e awihr l g s h ; t r e : tazi e nTgid: day as the Caledonia and Ireland, eatholios and protestant', publicly testify th e most lively sympathy for the illustrious pontiff who now fills the see of Rome—while Italy salutes him as its liberow, as the man who will restore its independence and nation ality, Belgium chooses precisely this very moment for tn. mutating every diplomatic relation with . the pontifical rm. vemment. Constitutional governments, conceive it to he the interest of the principles upon which they are hunt to give at least their support and moral agreement Ito Pins IX. in the strife he sustains with intrigues violence of absolutism the Belgian government, not ran. tent with not offering either this support, or this agreement, to a liberal Pope, intends that Belgium shall in future be no longer represented at Rome, and all this because it will net avow that M. d'Hoffschmidt is a stranger to the affairs of his department. Various are the reports respecting the breath between the Pope and M. Leclerc, and the assertion that that gentleman was dismissed by his holiness appear to be incorrect, from the following letter which ap pears in the Lie'yeois. " The rtsigaau. of his functions as ambassador was given by m, Leclerq; it is official. This surprising 11 , 1.11 is the subject of every conversation, and gives rise to the most on. undictory report!. Some assert that the Hon. ld Leclerc, alma accepted this moron at the urgent request of them misery, and for the sole purpose of serving his government, was compelled to retire, in consequence of the ill-will eta. cabin( t, and its fa itifestneu at the court of Rome. It is raid I that M. Leclerq intends to publish a letter cop!anatoey of I his conduct, in order to enlighten the public on the pangs in which he was placed in this affair. Every obstacle, it said, is put in the way to hinder the publication of thisletter. The friends of M. Leclerq say that he haa taken this resolution not without mature deliberation, and that he is not the man to yield, whatever be the means employed. Other persons, on the contrary, say that the refusal oldie Court of Rome to receive M. Leclerc as ambassador, is tin result of an intrigue concocted at Brussel, between tier Cainarilla and the papal nuncio. Several high names sit brought forward, especially that of the en anilausselor et Rome, &c." HOLLAND. THE HAGUE, OCT. 3. Prince Alexander of the Netherlands is dangerously ill, and is visited several times each day by his royal father. Ao press his been forwarded to the Queen, who is at present ia Switzerland. AUSTRIA.—The Emperor of Austria has recently issued a decree convoking the Diet of Hungary for the ith ' of November next, in order to effect the election of a new Palatine and other important business. PRUSSlA.—PosErr.—During a recent theatrical representation at Posen, the national Polish soeg, " Poland is not yet lost," and two other popular Kegs, were called for between the acts, and enthusiastically applauded. MAGDEBURG, SEPT. 29.—Seven persons were killed T o H n w err th el :F . 2B l . eac th th b: rs e in a w n t e h d im e C ie a o tte ri . , ornbnioilienijnue injured. HESSE si s o u n ga o r f mn a steam-b oils. HESSE CASSEL.—CABSEL.—The criminal senate of the supreme tribunal of appeal has declared that the can which some ten year. and a half ago condemned the Baron Von B— (formerly an officer in the British army) to 11 yam imprisonment, for incendiarism with intent to defraud an ire stream society, was not a competent one ; and has mind I the baron to be set at liberty. DENMARK.—COPENHAGEN, SEPT. 27.—llestacc• TION Or A VALCABLO LIBILAILT.—The rich and vols. able library of the Royal Society of Icelandic Lite rature in Copenhagen war destroyed by fire on the morning of the Nth. The loss is distressing, We much as this library contained more than 2,000 me published hISS., and a numerous collection of siege copie of ancient Icelandic works. The destruction of this library real to mind that of the Arna-Magnman Institution, esw weed of more than 40,000 Icelandic manuscripts, which wee burnt during the famous bombardment of Copenhagen the English in 1807. TURKEY.—A letter from Constantinople, in the Courrier de Marseilles, of the same date, however, ea the accounts last received, states that the representatives of thi a w . t in = had t taken n of eoe,coercive i measures ye ad fiv j e ou gr r e n a t het iiie to i Llu ag ee ." the t D u ina nsa ll , but withouP. ROME, Sun'. 28. All is calm here. And if it be in human nature, according to Lucretius, to enjoy the security of the shore more keenly from the sight of a storm in the back distance, the Two Sicilia' seem resolved to fur nish that spectacle. News has come that the dis turbances are advancing upwards through the Abruzzi, as tar as Aquila. The mountains behind Salerno are in open revolt, and the country extending thence towards Manfredonia has hoisted the new flag on every town-hall and village steeple. The Swiss troops, in attempting a mountain pass leading to wards Campo Basso, have been driven back by the peasantry, with a lees (as stated in a letter I saw yesterday) of 400 men: that of the insurgents not stated. It is a dull mistake to fancy that the population of these wild districts is on a level with the heartless, shoeless, and shirtless lazzaroni of the capital. Naples, Capus, and the Campanian district exhibit a distinct race of craven-hearted poltroons, traceable in a long lineage to the Owl and Sybarites : not so with the mountainous and remoter territories of the kingdom. The head or metropolitan district may be feeble and flaccid, but the thews and sinews of the provinces are large and undecrepit. Here lived (and left their off spring behind them) the most robust, resolute, and hardy tribes of old Italy, the Samnite, the Daunian, the Bruttian, the Apalian, in whom was inborn and inherent manly strength, whose propen sities were warlike and turbulent rather than passive and timorous. Nor was intellect wanting in these parts of old, for within the frontiers of the modern kingdom were born Ennius, Cicero, Maria's, Satinet, Vitruvius, Ovid, and Horace, not to claim the glories of Pythagorean philosophy and the school of Zeno, which were not, properly speaking, indigenous and " racy of the soil. At this giant development of insurrection in the south the Lazzaroni King is as much frightened as the wicked usurper in Walpele's " Castle of Otranto," at the famous monster helmet which grew larger, and larger still, on his terrified vision. He is bewildered between thoughts of concession and paroxysms of blind obstinacy. Last week he applied to the Pope for a bull against the rebels, such as the Czar obtained through Lambruschini from Gregory, in his dotage, against the noble children of Poland when they rose for freedom. Bat the Vatican no longer panders to brutal tyranny, and Pins IX. immediately sent his cousin Pietro Ferretti with a letter to stipu late for amnesty and constitutional concessions as the glorious price of his interference, if he interfered at all. Baffled in that quarter, he looked to Austria ; but the Pope has point blank refused plumage through Roman territory to the troops of his (Ferdinand's) father-in-law, the Kaiser. His first wife, by the way, was a daughter of Sar dinia, and, besides the fact of having ill-treated her notoriously, there is no common cause now between Turin and. Naples. He may, perhaps, try the Czar, who still performs the functions ascribed to him twenty years ago by Beranger, in his Chant du °nape:— - are beleaguered on their throne' by their own vassal crew; And in their den quake noblemen and priests are bearded, too : And loud they yelp for the Cassano's help, to keep their bondsmen EXTORTION AT CETLON.—Sir,—The inhabitattsci Colombo are called open by their local government w comply with, as appears to me, one of the most unjustillatis and extraordinary demands that was ever made by arbitrary authority. Pray what would you imagine were I to calls you to-morrow and say, " Sir, I must thank you to hand as lOW., or I shall take the liberty of pulling down your ofice, which I find stands on my ground ?" Of course yaw prompt reply to such a demand would be: " My oboe is my property •, I have bad uninterrupted possession thereof I for a considerable time. lam not aware that you noshes, or ever had, any . claim upon it. If you entertain a conger! opinion, let me inform you that you allowed me undistuM possession thereof for such a time as would entitle me ts plead my prescriptive right against your demand." laiwt • similar predicament are the inhabitants of Coke* at this moment. The houses of that town appear to poem what are called verandahs, a sort of piazza, and these hood the generality of them 80 or 90 years old, are of such a pm liar structure, and so situated in respect to the streets, MS if they be deprived of these verandahs they musters tually become good for nothing. It seems that the local 1e vernment has put forth a claim to the 'mend I which these verandahs stand as being public FF pert), and has called upon the inhabitants S pay a proportionate sum of money for the quantum d ground taken up by each verandah. If this request ing complied with, the ill.fated verandahs, forsooth, are to rooted out of the ground. There does not seem tobe &Drams sit for widening the streets, for the inhabitants car s to left in undisturbed possession of their veranda if tkl choose to pay for them. Such being the state of the ca , the only conclusion I can arrive at is, that the gemmed wants the cash, and the threat of polling down the vandal is only a more effectual way of attaining their object—saw of pulling out the teeth till the money is paid.—As Isms And they think It meet to lick hie feet, so they year a tyrant's mown . The dogged and sulky temperament of the king has shown itself in his bearing towards his ministers, whose integrity he distrusts, and whose ability he doubts. Yet he might recollect how wretchedly he got out of the sulphur question a few years back by adopting his own guidance in preference to theirs: we recollect how he one day trampled (not in meta phor) on the despatches of our own Foreign-office, and the next day was forced to sign a most humiliating document acknowledging a royal swindle, and grant ing indemnification to British merchants. This mi raculous change was simply wrought by Admiral Stopford's dropping anchor within range of his three palaces in the bay. Military men are ever telling you that peasants, un disciplined, cannot hold a country against regiments. All depends on the excitement, and what Napoleon called the morale of the insurgents. These vary ban ditti of Apulia, in Nelson's time, fought like t= and swept the French detachments before under the generalship of Cardinal Hallo, as cose-.1 pletely as Johnny Cope was demolish( cl by the High- Linden. Prince Lucien Canino, whose exploits I de tailed last week, and whose conduct called forth • public proclamation of censure, on arriving here would have been forgiven, at the intercession of the ladies, as his two companions, Galetti and the Eng lishman,were, on a alight reprimand, but he has shown new symptoms of refractory mulishness. He had scarce shaken off the dust of Piazza St. Marco from his shoes, when he went up to the Quirinal to ask for an audience of the sovereign. In the ante-room the edict was on the walls, and he had the audacity to call for writing mate rials, and scrawled a running commen tary along the margin—a tissue of buffoonery. The maestro di camera ordered him out of the palace instantly to Casa Buonaperte, there to remain under arrest; but meeting in the street a band of nationals going to drill he joined them. An orderly was soon sent after him, with a peremptory warrant for his capture, and on the parade In villa Borgheae, crowded with spectators, he was put into a hackney-coach and carried off amid loud laughter and ironical cheers. There is now a double guard at the house-door of the late Letitia, mother of Napoleon, besides the guard at the Austrian embassy right opposite. The Cotemporaneo of the 25th has a leading article of the utmost import. It is entitled " Partito Ca tholico," or a catholic party in politics. It indigH neatly scouts the notion of any such subdivision of I politicians in any civilised state. Catholicity is, in the very meaning of the Greek word, universal in its adaptation to all sorts of political combinations. The writer goes on to apply his principles to Switzerland and Belgium, and stoutly urges that any excrescence of catholicity (such as the Jesuits) ought to be given up if the general feeling is against their continuance, rather than peril the grand framework of religion, which is independent of all such novelties. This article, which is attributed to a distinguished prelate, is highly valuable in the present state of angry polemics, and is important as a " Voice from Rome." Itossi is ;going away on leave. A more heartless, hollow, and pedantic representative never appeared in Rome on the part of the ' Most Christian King." int court. WINDSOR, WEDNESDAY.—The royal dinner rag at the Castle this evening will include the Duchess of "n , the lady in waiting of the Duchess of Kent, and the Bums de Sped'. The band of the Grenadier Guards will sued during dinner. Her Majesty's private band afterwards song I in the Castle. The Duchess Ida of Saxe Weimar, accompanied the Princesses of Saxe Weimar, took an airing yesterhy en open barouche and four. Mr. Bancroft, the American minister, had an ion!. view with the Right Hon. H. Labouchere yebterday si office of the Board of Trade. The Right Hon. F. T. Baring has arrived in test The Duke of Victory (General Espartero) Abbey-lodge, Regent's-park, to visit Mancfiester and 10* pool, whence the Duchess and hidlle. Espartere hos t turned to town. The Duc de Sleewic Holstein Glucksboorif Prince William, on teaviog the Duke of Devonshire s the a t Chatsworth, proceeded direct to Edinburgh, with tuition of making a rapid visit to Glasgow, and thee** pair to Liverpool and Manchester. Their Serene Highs/ were to arrive at Mivart's this week. THE REGISTRATIONS. CITY OF LONDON.—The vestry clerk of St. Allo Wood-street, attended the court this morning. for *le pose of statrg the reason why neither he nor say adore rochial official had attended on the previoiup day es sr s the revision of the list, as stated in the Erpress of SA elt tag. He said that his wife had been suddenly dam m died on Tueeday, and it was this painful eircu had prevented him from attending the court The ma volved entirely upon himself.—Mr. M.Christle thaser: under the circumstance, the overseen theories Wel have been present ; but as the total steers of thens." ties bad been accounted for he should not inflict a Isse Thomism Whitehead claimed to be entered on the .1_,,„4 1014 for the occupation of a house, No. 39, Als__,A bury.—Mr. Brown opposed the claim , on the lill'i that claimant's wife had received paroclual,, 7. the husband having, at different periods, rep aid ..d advanced on her account.—Mr. Smith conterei ...- although the patty might not be qualified to vet!,lo still to be inserted on the register—Mr. Di'Chrults that evidence ought to be given to ahow that the sol . who had repaired relief from the parish was in act O ." of the claimant —The overseer said be had frequentlY to Mr. Whitehead for repayment of the money her, and he never denied that he was her hushes. M'Cbristie thought that that circumstance countatei dent evidence of the fact, and on that ground name.—Moses Toms, living at 21, Milton-Wee" St. Giles Cripplegate, claimed to be registers& opposed by Mr. Brown. The case was importer Is ence to the remit of the decision as regards other It appeared that the claimant occupied t wo tenets• first floor, for which he paid ss. 6,1. per week, sad that were several other lodgers in the same hose. landlord himself occupied two rooms on the floor. The outer door was abut at Wi t ' 91 each of the lodgers, as well as the landlord, had a SY .....i FRANCE.—PARTB, OCT. S.—LIBEL—The trial of inner door was a swing door, and had no luck. TO n Y. Devisee, responsible editor of the Courrier Francais, had to pus through the outer door into the paSe.,, apes the prosecution by M. Damon, the minister of finance, thence to his shop and parlour.—On behalf of the e 5.,, - eolleiseen-in-law,ll. Rootlet, for a libel upon them, repro- Mr. Smith argued that the circumstance of the is; Les/ AIM the Independent of Brussels, was brought on having a key did not vitiate the possession of the is an Xasisy befeas the Court of Anises. The advocate for all equally possessed a right to vote if the arnanto; IL Demme mei an application for a postponement of the paid were sufflaient. It had been held by Mr. AO.