The Express. — London, England, 1853-12-16 00:00:00

Zit ewrprt,Sgs. at school. Cneltcnham may form an exception per haps. Apprentices no longer receive corporal pu nishment from their masters. The army and the navy preserve but a few fragments of the old custom. Public whippings have disappeared. Even so late as the reign of GEORGE HE. it was enacted that every unqualified person taking or killing a par tridge in the night should be whipped publicly. Whip ping was so prevalent as a punishment in the reign of JAMES 1., that a law was passed to exempt the gentry from the infliction. Would a custom so uni versally prevalent at one time have almost utterly vanished, unless time had shown its thorough worth lessness? Cruel punishments make • cruel people. Depend upon it that if the populace is once more to be accustomed to the exhibition of bleeding backs parading through the town, as Sir It. CARDEN pro poses, at the cart's tail, the public taste will become more bloodthirsty. If Mr. BARRETT were to be whipped at a cart's tail—by the hands. as Sir It. CARDEN suggests, of MARGARET TUBAS, the poor woman whom he maltreated,—in the very spot where the crime took place, there would be at least as many sympathisers with the suffering criminal, as approvers of the punishment. In addition to this, there would be the terriblo evil of encouraging a taste for bloodshed. No criminal was ever deterred from committing a crime by witnessing the execution of one condemned for committing the crime. Public executions are bad enough : do not let as add to the sin they engender by the public exhibition of torture. It may be suggested, en passant, to Sir It. CARDEN that the spectacle of a woman taking the law in her own hands by permission of the law itself would fortify in the minds of the lower orders that feeling of the right to vindicate one's own injuries which is at the bottom of half the acts of brutality that are committed. The second objection is that all methods have not been tried. The crimes of such men as Batmen stop but little short of murder, and the Legislature has a right to adopt any measures, however extraordinary, to diminish the crime or to reform the criminal. Six months' imprisonment is an absurd trifling with a crime like this. The criminal is a ferocious beast, and be must either be locked up for ever or tamed. If all the imprisonments experienced by atairrr,which have been spread over twelve years, had been united into one, time might have been afforded him to ex perience the benefit of reformatory discipline. Ser vitude in a colony away from all women would at least have prevented the exercise of his peculiar brutality. His mind might have been worked upon. He might have been tamed. In cases where the prisoner is charged with habitual ferocity he must either be shut out from all opportunity of venting his evil passions or they must be subdued. It is absurd to suppose that six months' imprisonment will suffice for this. How ever, as it is not our present object to propose any favourite remedy for one of the most perplexing aced melancholy of our social evils, we would simply enter our protest against hastily turning back to old pre tended remedies, which have totally failed. In the meantime, the only true remedy is the increas ing intelligence and morality of the people. If they are taught, they will not need to be punished. Prevent crime, and we shall not need to avenge it. In this respect Cowena's remarks on London are as applicable now as when they were written : TO CORILESPONDENTS. lkooad Edition Al The F.iprve," o o n 4 the ~ ..me twenins'e ..liaat.tte," to pubi:shed aver) 'fwd.,' tad Ynday to for poet. 'e'enlifilneals.in'mled for "The Ea press," London E.enusi slot be M tto Boureriaetzeet, by Two o'clock on the iey of pub:treuon. HUT WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tots DAY —Monition, th. Afternoon, -h. ten. 7.110ak --)lvralasg, 3h. 3e. Afternous, 311. 20m. LONDON, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 16. JAMES IttRRETT was on Wednesday convicted before Alderman C'aro , ex of one of those brutal ansaults upon women with which we have lately been DO painfully familiar, and which are becoming an opprobrium to the nation, and the despair of the legislator. The magistrate is reported to have addressed the criminal in terms of regret that the proposed enactment to punish such persons u the prisoner by flogging had not yet received the sanc tion of the Legislature. He is then reported to have said," Had he had the power he would certainly have ordered the prisoner to be tied to a cart-tail, and dogged through the town, and he would have placed the scourge in the hands of the prisoner's victim, so that he might have known how she felt when suffer s% from his brutal rage. Imprisonment was not safficient punishment; and he (Si: It. CARDEN) trusted it would not be long before the rejected mode of punishment was adopted." Sir It. CARDEN is sailing with so unmistakeable • current of popular opinion at this moment—the blood of the universal public is boiling with such indignation against the bloodthirsty ruffians whom the Alderman would expose to the vengeance of the law,—that it is an ungracious task to interpose . . with a protest against the consummation which he so evidently desires. And yet it is for the veep reason that the public mind is in a state of excite ment on the subject that a protest is necessary to obtain, if possible, a pause before we commit ourselves to a step which may be the pre lode to a return to the sanguinary brutalities of the old penal laws. " Imprisonment (says Sir It. CARDIN) is not sufficient punishment." Sufficient for what ? For satisfaction to the injured party TAW, in penal law, is scarcely taken into considera tion. The party appearing before the administrator of the laws sinks his or her personality, and the effetider is responsible now only to the society whose peace he has violated. Is, then, imprison ment an insufficient punishment to satisfy or take vengeance for the crime against society—against the majesty of the law ? That surely is best an swered by taking the interests of society itself into consideration. Aud the interest of society is, that crime of all sorts should be diminished as much as pomible. One at least, then, of the objects of • penal law is to deter from the commission of crime. Dose the deterring power, then, increase with the severity of the punishment ? Experience gives the question • negative. CLARKSON tells us that, with the diminution of the severity of punishment in Pennsylvania, coupled with a reform in prison disci pline, crime ilios 11111111111 l by one-half. The Marquis BECCARIA tells us," In proportion as punishments be come more cruel, the minds of men (as a fluid rises to the same height as that which surrounds it) grow hardened and insensible, and the force of ' , the passions still continuing, in the space of an hundred years, the Wheel terrifies no more than formerly the prison." BLACKSTONE tells us, " San guinary laws are a bad symptom of the distemper of any Mate, or at least of its weak constitution. The laws of the Roman Kings and the Twelve Tables of the Deremriri were full of cruel punishments; the Porcian law which exempted all citizens from the sentence of death, silently abrogated them all. In this period the republic flourished; under the Emperors severe punishments were revived, and then the empire fell." We might multiply similar quotations ad infinitum. The gist of them all, however, would be included in a question put by a speaker in the House of Commons, so far back as 1810: " If intimidation will prevent crime, why should not the terror of death attend the most trifling offences? Why stop at the terror of death itself ?" Now mark a spot or two That so much beauty would do well to purge And show this queen of cities that so fair May yet be foul : so witty, yet not wise. It is not seemly, nor of good report, That she is slack in discipline: more prompt revenge than to prevent the breach of law. The effect of punishment is curiously illustrated in the person of this JAMES BARRETT himself. For the last twelve years he has been continually in and out of prison fur assaults, and drunken and disorderly conduct. The last time he was in the Compter, he had six weeks' imprisonment for assaulting his wife. What an admirable commentary upon prison disci pline! JAMES BARRETT, strange to say, although the law has hail him in hand for twelve years, although the law has treated him lately for his peculiar complaint,—a tendency to inflict summary punishment on the female sex,—obstinately refuses to be cured, and relaxes into his old habits on the first opportunity. A poor woman named MARGARET Tunas comes into his room to call out her husband, when Ihinterr addressed her with filthy and insult ing expressions. The rest of the tale is told in the woman's own words: My husband then tried to get me away and pushed me out; but the prisoner immediately rushed towards me sad dragged me by the hair of my bead into the room. Be then struck me on the eye, knocked me down and kicked me with his ►eavy boots repeatedly about the face and body, while I was lying on the ground. I screamed for eminence, and had it not been for Mrs. Finalise, who reamed me from the prisoner's violence, I believe he would have murdered me. lam so dreadfully bruised all OM My body, that I can neither stand nor sit without ex. prieseist great pain is all my limbs. This " gentleman," as the poor woman called him, who has graduated twelve years in crime, is now sent to take a new degree by Sir R. CARDEN, who has sentenced him to six months' imprisonment with hard labour. Does any person imagine that Mr. Banarrr will have lost any one of his ferocious instincts by that time ? Is the confinement likely to agree with his rather excitable temperament ? Is the hard labour calculated to put him in good humour with the sex to which he will attribute all his mir fortunes? By all means lock him up for six months, for he will have so much less opportunity for in dulging his amiable weakness. But do not suppose that his appetite has diminished; he will only come oat fresher for the training to which he has been subjected. Well, then! say the advocates of the re-establish ment of the whipping discipline, as the prison does so little, try the cat-o'-nine-tails. What harm can there be in the experiment? What reasonable ob jection c►n there be found againt endeavouring to pat a stop to atrocious crimes by a new method when all other methods have been tried and failed? There are two objections : first, that the " new method" is as old as the hills, and has failed miserably and incontestably. If any nation oa earth is unacquainted with the efficacy of whipping as a punishment, that nation is not England. The Englishman has been whipped from his cradle to his grave, in past times, and yet so little has this custom commended itself to the prac tical sense of the win), that, although consecrated by time-hor.oured traditions, whipping has been silently proscribed from nearly all the departments where it once flourished, and lingers, a faint image of itself, in some few places, awaiting its inevitable des tiny. Our boys are no lingir flagged unmercifully THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 16, 1853. LATEST FROM ABROAD. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. make common cause with Austria and Prussia, they have set bounds to their own actions." The Co'vac Gazette remarks, "The Vienna pro- tocol, instigated and promoted by the English govern ment, is neither more nor leas than an expedient for getting rid of its engagements towards Turkey." Besides our own despatches, given in our "latest intelligence," the following, emanating from Russian sourced, has been received. _ _ (BT SUBMARINE SUBMARINE AND EUROPEAN TRLSORAPH.) BRUSSELS, THURsDAY. Despatches from Vienna announce that the Cactut sums have made a descent in Suchumlcale. Detachments from the fleets are gone to Sinope. The Russians lay claim to a great victory, gained under General Andronikoff, near Akiska. Persia declares war against Turkey. The Turks are forming a military camp at Nissa. Letters from the Danube of the Gth state that the movements of troops were, at that date, entirely suspended. Neither battles nor skirmishes were going on. The Turks were at Turns., with 5,000 men, as well as at Kalafat. One despatch says :—"News has been received here that Prince Orbelian encountered 30,000 Turks, who bad passed the Arpatchai, near Alexandropol, and, after a sharp . engagement, drove them back. They were retreating on the 14th November. It is also said that, in another direction General Drum mer charged 7,000 Turks with the bayonet, and completely routed them, taking a cannon, two standards, and a part of the Turkish train and ammunition." According to a Vienna despatch, "Advice. from Odessa state that the Russians defeated the Turks at Agur, in the Caucasus, and got possession of their baggage." The same despatch states that two Rus sian steamers were cruising near Versa, to cut off the Turkish reinforcements. The absence of dates leaves the correctness of this intelligence io great uncertainty, which is not likely to disappear until the receipt of despatches from Constantinople. For the purpose of obviating misapprehension, and without any desire to reflect upon the arrangements of other newspapers for presenting _intelligence to the public, we notice that the bulletins from the Danube and Asia which yesterday suppled a contem porary with materials for a second edition, and which the evening journals reproduced, were published in the Daily.ll'etes of Monday last. Yesterday a contemporary, by nature and habit sympathising with Russia, but who can be the friend of Turkey, too, when the pachas are successful, thus endeavoured to cover a change of front :—" Some of our contemporaries, who are animated by great confidence in the military resources of Turkey, appear to imagine that the success of the Ottoman arms on the Asiatic frontier more than compensates for the disaster they have just met with at Sinope. We fear the next arrivals will check this favourable view of the case, for we have already received intelligence which makes us distrust the partial advantages which the Turks have obtained. • • • Our last ac counts from Constantinople inspire us with little confidence in the alleged successes of the Turks. They have undoubtedly taken some small forts on the coast, but the rumour of their having gained any decisive advantage was at least premature." Of course a telegraph may arrive at any ono of the 24 hours, and entirely change the political horoscope ; but whether the Times is entitled to correct its con temporaries respecting the advantages gained by the Ottoman arms in Asia, we shall soon make apparent. Not to ask what statements the Times has reported as news, let the following summary of military events in Asia, taken from one of its recent leaders, show who has most landed the success of the Turks in Asia. The Times on the sth inst. said in a leading article : The Russian Colonel Suchowsky is named Vice- President of the government of Moldavia. The Moldavian and Wallachian militia have been united, under the command of the Russian General Sala. Their strength has been greatly increased by recruiting, and they are to be employed as circum stances may require. The artillery of Wallachia and Moldavia having exhibited on several occasions a determination to re sist or evade the Russian service, are to be re-orga nised and placed under the command of a Russian colonel. On the Asiatic frontier matters look even worse. The first incident of the war, being the capture of a fort named after the patron saint of the Czar himself, has struck a superstitions gloom into the army and the Russian people, and is regarded as a most ominous event. Prince Woron zow's despatch, giving an account of the capture of this fort —St. Nicholas— was certainly not calculated to diminish the impression proddead by such a defeat; and the subse quent repulse by the Turks of five attempts to retake this position has aggravated the disaster. At the MIN time a Russian steamer, the Foudroyant, with troops on board, the same, it is said, which conveyed Prince Mencbikoff to Constantinople on his arrogant mission, ran aground on the coast, and was dsstroycd by the enemy, and a steam-frigate is reported to have been da maged, if not lost, in another part of the Black Sea. There appears great reason to expect that these successes of the Turkish farces, followed by the raising of the blockade of the coast, and by supplies of arms and powder from the Turkish arsenals, will be followed by a general insurrection of the mountaineers of the Caucasus. The hill forts and block-houses, which serve to cover the Russian stations, will be closely invested, and the commu nication by-the military roads through tho province wholly interrupted. Meanwhile Prince Woronzow is at Tiflis with an army of about 30,000 men, but the reinforcements he had demanded have not reached him ; his communications by sea and land are threatened or cut off; and, to complete the embarrassment of the Emperor, it appears by the last accounts that Prince Woronzow himself, who may be regarded as the second personage in the empire, and has shown great ability in his administration of Southern Russia, is seriously, and even dangerously ill. Such is the picture which it now suits the Times to repudiate and attribute to its contemporaries. It is not ours. We have not to maintain or destroy it. If, however, such a statement had been made in these columns, upon sufficient authority, we should certainly not reverse it upon such grounds as the nmes gave yesterday when correcting " its con temporaries." The Tories, it seems, has intelligence that "there is a want of unity and authority in the command of the Turkish forces," and yet these loosely-organised troops are those which as yet have defeated corps after corps of the enemy in Asia. Again, "the army of Georgia has always been a picked corps." If so, its reverses are the more honourable to the unpicked troops of the Porte, but a few days ago the 2imes said it was a " disaffected " corps. Prince Woronzoff too, who was ill, is better; we are glad to hear it, without however for a moment crediting the absurd story that the Russian operations had been interrupted by his illness. Finally, we are told that " the Russian general is about to assume the offensive, and march upon Kars and Erzeroum." In truth his position at Tiflis does not appear very eligible, with Schamyl down upon him every other week. Perhaps, however, he may find it easier to leave Tiflis than to get back again when he 'nad desire to do so. Should he be no more successful in correcting the Turks than the Times in correcting " its contemporaries " his move ment will be melancholy indeed. THE WEST INDIES. SOUTHAMPTON, THURSDAY EVENINO. The Plata has just arrived. Her dates are— Jamaica, Nov. 27 ; Demerara, Nov. 25; Trinidad, 23 ; Chagres, 23 ; St. Thomas, Dec. 1. She brings specie to the value of about 630,000 dollars. Amongst her passengers is the president of Honduras. At Trinidad there was some fever, and the troops had been removed in connquence. All the other islands were healthy. The House of Assembly at Jamaica was in ses sion, and had passed the Import Duty Bill with some important reductions of the tariff. A great struggle took place relative to the duration clause of the bill, which the retrenchment party wished to limit to the 31st of December, 1853; but, after several divisions it was carried, by a majority of one, to extend its duration to :he 30th of December, 1854. The question of responsible government was fixed for debate on Wednesday, the 20th, and it was contem plated the government views would he carried out and the guarantee loan accepted, as all parties were tired of the general dead lock. The return made to the House of Assemblies by the receiver-general showed a deficiency of 200,0001. up to the January quarter, which would have to be added to the debt of the country, as it never could be discharged by or dinary taxation. From Demerara, it is stated that the Court of Policy has not yet gotover its adjournment. Plantations are thriving, and the weather favour able. The crop, however, cannot rival that of 1852. Yellow fever is nearly gone. Several thunderstorms have occurred at the ex tremes of the colony and done much damage at the mouth of the Essequibo. Same estates have been flooded. RESIGNATION OF LORD PALAERSTON. Viscount Palmerston has tendered his resigna tion of the office of Secretary of State for the Home Department, and has therefore ceased, within the last forty-eight hours, to form a part of her Majesty's Government, if that resignation has been accepted by the Crown. Upon the re ceipt of a communication from Lord Palmerston, announcing the resolution he had been led to form, the Prime Minister left town for Osborne-house yea terdsy for the purpose of laying the resignation of the Home Secretary before the Queen. Whatever may be the surprise which this announcement may excite in the public mind, that surprise will be consider ably augmented when the cause which has induced Lord Palmerston to withdraw from the present Administration is accurately known. That cause, we may confidently state, is unconnected with the foreign policy of the Government, it has not I arisen out of the difficulties of the Easters question, nor is it true that differences of opinion on that subject have manifested themselves with such force as to lead to the retirement of any member of the Administration. The ground on which Lord Palmerston is said to rest his inability to remain in the present Cabinet, and to share in the responsibility of the measures of the approaching session, is distinctly and exclusively his decided opposition to tho Reform Bill which has been prepared under the direction of Lord John Rur sell, and assented to by the other members of the go• vernment.— Times. REPRESENTATION OF SOUTH STAFFORD SHIRE. ___.•___ Paragraphs have appeared in several newspapers, copied from the Wolter/tampton Journal, detailing, with some degree of minuteness, circumstances under which Lord Paget has declined to accede to the wishes of the liberal electors, by coming forward for the vacant seat in the repre sentation. Up to yesterday afternoon there was little, if say, foundation for this report ; it is simply true that his lordship has not yet consented to stand, although it is be lieved he will ultimately do so. The fact is, that in the Wolverhampton.district there has all along been a strong feeling in favour of Mr. Wrottesley, and aid of • very in fluential character having been promised for that gentle man, it has been a matter for consideration whether he or the noble lord above named should be put forward. But IPA the erroneous report now referred to originated with the twin, it may be stated, for their consolation, that a liberal candidate will certainly be brought forward, whether Lord Paget consents or not. A MODEL SCOTCH ORIEVANCL—A correspond ent of the Glasgow Constitutional having written to Lord ' Palmerton complaining of his lordship's use of the word " England" as synosymous with the United Kingdom, and of the term " English" as synonymous with the people of Grist Britain, the following communication was sent in reply: " Whitehall, 27th October, 1863. Sir—l am directed by Viscount Palmerton to acknowledge receipt of your letter of the 18th instant, inclusiog copy of a letter addressed to his lordship which you had published. And I am to convey to you, with reference to that letter, Lord Palmenton's assurance, that in using the words ' Eng -1 Bah'—' Englishmen England'--his lordship meant no disparagement to Scotland, Ireland, or Wales; but only used that form of speech which is usually and conveniently adopted in speaking of the United Kingdom and its inba bitants.-1 am, Ike., Hoary Fitzroy." Caledonia, Mercury. ATTEMPTED SUICIDE OPP BLACKPRIARS-BRIDGE. —About a quarter past four, yesterday morning, Eliza Fennell, who is stated to be a respectable woman, 2 years of age, jumped off the centre arch into the river. Boats immediately put off to her rescue, and she was recovered en life was extant ; but it was found that she had broken her thighs by striking against the abutments of the bridge. She was removed to Bt. Bartholomew's. No reason is assigned for her attempted self-murder. RAILWAY TO TAVISTOCK.—The abandonment by the South Western Company of their scheme leaves the way open for the broad gunge priject promoted by the South Devon Company. It ie, therefore, hoped that this letter will be carried into rine! without delay. The Duke of Bedford lies handsomely placed at the disposal of the company the whole of his l .nd through which the line will pass, and has promised to give the ground required for the station, Insides a contribution of :AOl. towards the prelimi nary expenses. FRANCE. PARIS, WEDNISDAT EVIXINO. The event of to-day is the effect produced on the Bourse by a warlike article in an English journal, which puma as the organ of Lord Aberdeen and has hitherto been the apologist of Russia. The extremely energetic and (to ordinary readers at least) unambi guous language in which this journal now abandons the " cause of peace" u no longer " compatible with the honour and dignity of the country" has led to a very general belief that nothing can now prevent the French and English fleets from proceeding to Sebas topol to avenge upon Russia the injuries inflicted upon the Turkish navy at Sinope. The suggestion that the ambassadors, in the events that had hap pened, must have powers, without waiting for further instructions, to order the fleets to act pro duced a very great sensation. These uneasy impressions being strengthened by a further fall in Consols, as reported by telegraph this morning, the Rents opened very heavily at 45fr. 50c., and declined to 75fr. 100., at which price it closed, being a fall of 75c. from yesterday. - With scarcely any exception all the securities were much lower. The railways I generally fell from sf. to 10f., in some instances more, and closed at the lowest prices of the day. I have, however, seen several people—and in stating this I assure you that I give their opinions, and not my own—who think the article of the Times a mere deceptive concession to outraged public opinion in England. As they read it, the big words hurled at Russia only apply to the case of her having forced the pert of Sinope to destroy inoffensive ships lying at anchor, and as it cannot in fact be doubted that those ships, or at least some of them, were in the vet 7 act of carrying supplies to the Turkish army in Asia, it will be said a tew days' hence that there is nothing in the affair to check the prosecution of the new Vienna plan for a treaty of peace. The Patrie, in its " latest news," says : Private letters from Constantinople, of the 30th, speak of a desperate battle, said to have been fought on the banks of the Tank, and to have been commenced by the Russian with the view of preserving their communications between Tiflis end the Caspian Sea. This engagement, in which the Russian troops are reported to have sustained con siderable loss, led to no result. It appears that ell the revolted tribes of Cinemas and Georgia were in movement at the date of the last news. _ _ Several German journals publish accounts of the execution of an officer accused with ltadsewitz or Gadsewitch of having been in correspondence with Omer Pacha. This execution is said to have taken place on the parade-ground of the Guards, and to have made • great sensation. Another gallant attempt to achieve the problem of making Paris a "seaport," is about to be made. A ship builder of Nantes, jealous of the reputation ob tained by the owners or the Sole and Luomigniere of Bordeaux, has built a vessel, to be callenhe Paris and London, which is intended to trade regularly between the two capitals whose names it bears. THE WAR. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. The following letter is by the St. Petersburg cor respondent of the Algemeins Zeitunei, a journal which will not be suspected of unfriendliness to Russia. The secretary of Prinoe Gortschakoff men tioned in it has, it is understood, been executed at Bt. Petersburg : ST. PETERSBURG, Nov. 13. " A few days ago the secretary of Prince Gorte chakoff, a Pole, named Radzevitech, was brought here, and in the first instance transferred to the cue mates of the fortress. The charge against him is, that he communicated the Russian plan of operation to Omer Pachs. A similar charge is made spinet another Pole who was serving on the general's staff. A third young Polish physician, it is said, has gone over to the Turks. Prince Gortschakoff was at first disposed to order the execution of Radzevitsch ; but, on second thoughts, he resolved to send him hither. Oortachakoff has at this moment no easy task. The unfavourable commencement of the war is partially explained by the communications be tween Radzevitsch and Omer Pasha. The emperor is exceedingly dissatisfied with sacrifices of men which serve no purpose. General Dannenberg has indeed dislodged 23,000 men with 6,000, but from whence? From a position which was of no use to them. At first it was thought to give the chief command to General Luders, the favourite of the Russian soldiers, the conqueror of Bem, the " spoilt child of fortune;" but that would have been to offend the older General, Osten Sicken. Then Rudiger was proposed, the Emperor said no, he wished to have a general with a pure Russian name at the head of his army, and so GorUichakoff was chosen. " It is stated that Prince Woronzoff (who is at this moment seriously ill, and as whose successor Prince Menchikoff is mentioned) lately reported to St. Petersburg that he knows that great frauds are now being practised in the army in the Danubian Principalities by the commissariat, and that the sol diers are exceedingly ill cared for. An old officer of his staff was immediately sent from St. Petersburg to the Danube to investigate the facts. He found everything in the fairest possible order, and Woron zoff received rather a sharp answer. He persisted in maintaining the accuracy of his information, and a second officer was sent to thy Danube, and discovered the true state of the cue. For a monarch so careful of his soldiers as Nicholas L this must have been a very disagreeable discovery. Usually the sick in the army are reported two per cent. This propor tion suddenly increases to 30 per cent. as soon as an inspection becomes probable. The St. Petersburg Chart Gazette contains an im promptu by M. Newachowitsch, supposed to be occa sioned by reading the Emperor's manifesto : "The Czar gives the word, and all is prepared. The land overflows with bravery and courage. Every Russian heart beats with solemn emotion, and the Russian standard will wave in bloody war. Behold the fields covered with our soldiers ! See the fame-covered warriors! mark the death-bearing bayonet ! look upon the brethren gathered under the standard of the cross, and cry. Great is the God of Russia!' " The New Prussian Gazette, which is to be trusted when Russian affairs are in question, states that the Czar has lately declared that he will not forego the least part of his demands on Turkey, and that the Vienna protoeol contains nothing which he would not be ready to subscribe. Indeed, he regards the Vienna protocol as a document by which England and France renounce their attitude of hostility towards Russia. "Now, at length," says the pro-Russian writer, " Russia has its hands free to carry on the war on the Danube, for since the maritime powers GERMANY. VIENNA, Dse. 11. The Lloyd comes out with a surprising article, landing the loyalty and peaceful disposition of Rus sia, and predicting that the Porte will lower its tone, now it discovers that it will not be supported in its vain pretensions, either by England or France. Only the other day the Lloyd almost exhausted the powers of the German language in denouncing the conduct of Russia in this affair ' but it appears to have learned since the signing of the protocol, that by the decision of Enrol* Turkey is not to win. DENMARK. - ID- - COPENHAGEN, DEC. 8. Yesterday the Premier Oersted re-appeared in the Diet, and excused his absence on the previous day by the lateness of the sitting of the Ministerial Council. He proceeded to say that although he had no expectation, after what had taken plaoe, that the Diet would give way, or conform its votes to the views of the cabieet, he had no difficulty in declaring that the government would not:attempt to force its point against the will of the representatives of the nation. Should the two powers of the state be unable to agree, the statue quo would be main tained. At the same time the government could not allow this Diet (which represents only the kingdom of Denmark Proper) to exercise any influence upon the preparation of a constitution of the collective state. The former portion of this announcement has given great satisfaction to the friends of constitu tional government. ITALY. - PIEDMONT. TURIN, Du. 13. The following are the results of the elections of members of the Chamber of Deputies :—Ministerials, 123; Left Opposition, 40; Right Opposition, 15 Elections of which the result ib not known, 26. A WARNING TO BAD WRITERS.—The Toledo Blade tells • good story of • ma• who owned a budding which was situated on land belonging to the Michigan Cen tral Railroad. The superintendent, who writes • very bad hand, yenta short letter to Mr. S., ordering him to remove the bubiling at once. But the house woe not removed, and three maths arttrwards the superintendent met S., and began to scold him for nut removing the nuisance as de sired, when it appeared that the man had received the note, and not being able to make out its contents, had supposed it to be a pass over the road, and boil been riding back and forth all the stammer on the strength of it. PERU. SOUTHAMPTON, THURSDAY. We learn from advicee from the south-western ( coast of America that an insurrection had taken place in the north of Peru ; the Peruvian territory had been invaded also by the Bolivian army, headed by General Belzu. The Peruvian President has re solved to take the field against the Bolivians. The position of the Peruvian government was critical. INDIA AND CHINA. THE OVERLAND MAIL. -- Despatches and journals, in anticipation of the Overland Mail, have arrived, via Trieste. The dates arc Bombay, Nov. 13; Calcutta, Nov.s; and Hong Kong, Oct. 27. The following are extracts from the summary of the Bombay Tomes: BOMBAY, Nuv. 13. The latest accounts we have from Burmah are up to the 23rd ult.; they still represent the country in a state of anarchy and conf us i o n. S evera l daring dimities had taken place, and, whether justly or not, the King of Ava seems by general consent to be looked upon as responsible for them. Captains Latter and Smith, commissioners respectively of I'rome and Sarawah, have been engaged with the dacoits, and the results of these expeditions are that the districts of both Promo and Sarawah are now peaceful ; that trade has had new vigour given to it, and that mer chants and boats can proceed from Rangoon, up and dawn the river, without much fear of molestation. The details of the disturbance which took place in the gaol of Rangoon on the Bth ultimo, and which we could only briefly allude to in our last overland edi tion, have since come to hand. About sunset the convicts seized upon the muskets of the sepoys, which were piled, and having possessed them selves of the weapons quietly walked out of the gaol, to the considerable astonishment of the guard, who saw their muskets with bayonets fixed carried off before their eyes. The convicts made, half of them for the river side, and half for an old burial ground, and, although heavily ironed, made such gond way that the line guards, who by thi s time had turned out in pursuit, could not head them, particularly as the convicts took a narrow road lying between two swamps more than knee-deep in mud. In this state of things the guards bad nothing for it but to fire at the mu tineers as they were seen running away, and the Peons and Chuprassies cut down all they came up with; the result was, that out of about 132 pri soners, 13 wore killed, 43 were mounded severely, 16 got clear away, and the remainder were recap tured. So severe were the wounds inflicted, that it is said all the doctors in the place were employed the whole of the next day in taking off legs and arms. It is also reported that simultaneously with this emeule, another took place in the gaol at Bas sein. This is, perhaps, the most appropriate place to announce to our readers the'death of General God win, C. 8., at Simla, on the 26th ult., at two o'clock, cm. The deceased general was the guest of Sir William and Lady Gomm, and his death is attri buted to the germs of dise ase which the climate of Burmah had sown in his constitution. From the north-west we learn—although of course we cannot vouch for the accuracy of the information— that the Sirdar of Herat has allied himself with the chiefs of Cabul and Orgunj, and that a eon of Post Mahomed had put himself in possession of Kelat•i- Ohilzee. It is also stated that the Cendahar chiefs are proceeding against Kelat, where, up to the latest date, no force had been collected. The commissioner in Scinde is said to have received despatches from our old ally, the Khan, and it is generally supposed—to use the phraseology of one of our contemporaries—that " there is something in the wind's eye". Msjar Herbert Dimities, E. 8., has been appointed to succeed the late Colonel Mackeson as commissioner and superintendent of Peshawur. The camp of the Commander-in-Chief moved from Kalka at the commencement of this month, and on the 18th will be at Delhi, from whence it proceeds to Agra, visiting Meerut en route. We regret to state that our obituary includes Sir Theo philus :Metcalfe, the commissioner at Delhi, who died on the 3rd inst., at seven o'clock p.m., without any signs of pain, and seemed to pass away in sleep. We also regret to state that the cholera has made its appearance in Bombay, and up to this date the deaths have been 273. Bodies of troops are now on their way to Poona to form Lord Frederick Fitzclarence's military camp, and preparations for reviews, field days, &c. are afoot. The order for a third European regiment to be added to each of the Presidencies has given, it is needless to observe, general satisfaction. A meeting of the shareholders of the Commercial Bank of India was held on the 9th instant to confirm and adopt certain resolutions passed at the meeting of that company held on the 17th nit., when it was determined to increase the capital of the company, and to alter the clause in the deed of settlement which debarred any one person from holding more than 300 shares on his own account. Resolutions were passed, which, for carrying out the first of these objeets, determined that one new share for every three old ones be issued, thus increasing the amount of capital one-third, and, for the latter, that the words six hundred be substituted for three hun dred. The meeting then broke up. COMMERCIAL. CALCUTTA, Nov. 4. HO?, a scantily supplied produce market, and consequent high prices, together with high freights and a high exchange, have been telling with some effect on the amount of ship ments since the holidays. Only a very moderate extent of fresh transactions seem to have beta entered into during the latter part of October; and this month, so far, has been taken up with native festivals, causing a complete inter ruption of business. Nothing doing m indigo. Sugar is almost a blank; the exports are a mere trifle. The exports of raw silk during the last mouth were over 3,400 male. There has beer a good deal of attention directed towards silk piece goods of nearly all kinds ; and, as will be seen below, transactions are by no means inconsiderable. Saltpetre of all qualities, but chiefly the better sorts, has been in good demand at full rates, demand being chiefly for Great Britain. Rice has been rather largely shipped to Great Britain; a good deal has also been done for France; to the Mauritius the shipments of the last month show a considerable falling off; while to Bourbon nothing has been doing. Both shellac and lac dye are latterly without i sport of shipment 4; however, a fair suppiy was shipped in the early part of October, and there is now a demand for both artielei which late imprived accounts from home will no doubt increase. Rides had been a little quiet until the last few days, and shippers, it is said, are still on the look out fur good parcels. Oilseeds of all kinds have sold freely at full prices. Jute appears to be gradually struggling into favour again, at any rate there is ni• re doing is the article. 81re thing has been doing in cutch for all part.. Nothing ; in raw cotton for Great Britain, and only a small !minas, h.. ' ; China. Rum is without report o f s hi pments ot late. - The money market continues cis) ; but a great deal of specie is being exported to the eastward, to Ceylon, and Mauritius. FREIGHTS.—Quoted rates a:e as follows : To Letdoe sugar, nominal ; saltpetre, V. IW. ; rice, 41. ; lute, 1/.14 s hides, 51. to 51. ss. ; olleeede, 41. 10r. to 41. 12r. 6g, ; lac, G. 10s. ; lac dye, 41. lits. to 41. 15s. To Mauritius, Company's n. 21. 2s. per bag, payable there at :A.l cents. hasten.—There have been very few shipments during the last month, and of course but littl e w ill b e done un til intelligence of the London October sales reaches us. The new dye is now arriving pretty freely. BOMBAY MARKETS. FROM THE 28TH OCT. 1V 1116: NCH NOT, The leading event in the Money Market .luring the put fortnight has been the notification by the East India C. pany of their intention to pay off a further portion of their 6 per cent. loans, or commute the interest thereon to per cent., and of their having opened a new loan at 31 per cent. interest. The first of these measures has bees expected for some time, it being well known that the operations for payment or transfer of the tire per net. Transfer Loan and the Five per cent. Sicca Loans of 1525.20 and 1829.30, in July and September lest, have been eon ' neatly successful. There can be no doubt that the remain ing portion of the Loan of 1841-42 will soon follow, and then the 5 per cent. will cease to be known as a government rate of interest in India. Another notice intimates th., t no claim for transfer of notes of the 5 per cent. Steed L ins into the 4 per cent. loan of 184243 will bo admitted diter the 28th inst. This step will oblige holders to lA.: Nymetit in cash, a considerable portion of which will probahl :; a d its way into the new 31 per cent. loan of lb:rt. As might be expected, the effect of thew notices has liep a a rise in most descriptions of government stcuri..i" ata joint-stock bank shares, which, previous to their publ:ci. lion, had been exhibiting a downward tendency. T ue Oriental Bank Corporation bad declared a dividend at 12 per cent. per annum. The business done since the date of our last report has been very small, and at present we are sorry to .4y shire does not seem any immediate prospect of improvement. Metals continue to maintain their value,and are in request; we quote as follows :—Copper.—Brazier's, re. 5,;;, bottom n. 6-31, bolt n. 60, tile rs. 67, and South American slab copper, at n. 55 per cwt. ; the two latter de,eriptions scarce. Iron.—Swedish bar, re. 50 to 54, and has somewhat ad vanced (or good small sizes; steel in tub, rs. 12 to 121; bundle 'J to 11 annu formerly quoted. English bar has advaaccd to rs. 46 to 49. Square rs. 31 to 35; round nailrod has advanced to rs. 48, no d is wanted. Sheet rm. 73 to 8. Hoop, rs. 7toB, as above. Spslter is steady at rs. 12: to 13. Lead.—Pig rs. 11, and sheet if in request at ti. 13 to l per cwt. Quiekeiher.—Rs. 60 to 57. Red Lead.—lts. 121 to 121. White lead is in request at re. 111 to 12. Cechineal.—Rr. 2 : 21 annas to rs. 2 : 3 annas per ih. Saffron of the best descriptions in request at is. 13 to 15 per lb. Cotten.—After a vigorous effort attempted by the holders to maintain prices, the bad account of both the China and English markets have at length caused them t I give way, and previous to the arrival of the last mail from England broach cotton was bought at rupees 911 to 951, and IMollera cotton at rupees 931, since which time no transactions have transpired, but we believe that rupees 2 or 3 per candy would now be accepted below the prices given ; the staple will cost, free on board, including freight to Liverpool and marine insurance, 41. and 3kl. per lb. Linseed continues to be contracted for &livery it De cember and January, at re. 3 11 as. to rs. 3 12 as. per cwt., and since last advices from England even higher prices are demanded, but none of the seed has yet arrived at this port. Pepper is scarce ; that from Malabar is worth re. 73, and from Butcole, re. 70 per candy. Coffee is to be had at es. 10 per maund. Exchange on England, owiug to the few sales of goods effected, has been in little request, and al:Lough a mall amount of bills are on the market, still the rate has ad- vanced ; the Commercial Bank has drawn at 2s. 1 3-16 d. per rupee at six months' sight. Baring Brothers' audits sold at 2a. 1 6-16 d. to 2s. 1 6-161. ; and beat local drafts at 2.. lid. to 21. 111. per rupee. Exchange on Calcutta is at rs. 99; for Calcutta, re. 100; and on China nominal at re. 210 per 100 dole. at sixty days' eight. Freights to England have been well maintained at 21. 17s. 6d. per ton ; and as few vessels have lately arrived 31. per ton is now demanded for Liverpool and London. To China there is no vessel loading. CHINA The overland Friend of China, of Oct. 2;, in its general summary, says :—From the northern pro vinces we have been now some time without definite information. From Shanghae, news has been brought up to the sth instant, at which date some fighting had taken place between the Imperialists and the insurgents near the town. It appears the country people all around showed increasing symptoms of disaffection, and that trouble might be looked for at an early date. Fuh-chow foo, however, is peculiarly situated; possessing a garrison of from 13,000 to 20,000 Tartar soldiers; and, with their families and pensioners of the government, the whole number of Manchous in the place cannot be less than 70,000. Effeminate as the soldiers are reported to be, there is no doubt but that, as hitherto, any small local outbreak could easily be put down. Fuh-chow-foo, indeed, is likely to be the last place south of Nanking to fall away from the Tartar dynasty ; and it is not improbable that if Hienfung is driven from Peking, Fah-chow foo will become the seat of the imperial government; the viceroy of the province being uncle of the pre sent, and brother of the late, Emperor. At Amoy, fighting between the Imperialists and the rebels was still going on when her Majesty's sloop Rapid left on the 23rd instant. Being much distressed for powder, urgent requests had been made to Captain Futhbourne, by the admiral of the Impe rialist fleet, to charter her Majesty's steam-ship Hermes, fur the purpose of procuring money and am munition. ' Canton is quiet—ominously quiet. The local traders appear to labour under the dread of some hidden danger; the streets, which in general are so crowded with passengers, seem half denuded. Her Majesty's sloop Liiy is now moored off the entrance of Old China-street (as suggested in our issue of the 27th ultimo), and her excellently disci plined crew are daily exercised in the factory gardens in working an howitzer, fire engines, &c., in readiness for anything that may occur. An attempt was made last week to blow up the British Vice-Consular Chop, at Whampoa ; a barrel of powder being found in one of the ports with a light in it. A few minutes more would have sealed the fate of Vice• Consul Bird, to whom an act of kindness would be accorded, if he was at once allowed to leave his post, and " bury himself in oblivion." CANTON MARKET, OCT. 27. Notwithstanding the dire anticipations of the local =anis, the market for imports has been much better lately than it hu been known for some time past. EXPORTS. Tea.—The transaction; of the month have been exten sive. The following sales are reported : Congou 115 chops at, for Oonams, tut' 16 to 21; mouings, 21 to 23 ; oopack;, 20 to 271; kysows, 20 to 27 ; total settlements to date, 33,5 chops; stock, 120 chops; of Canton coogou about 4,000 chests taken at taels 16 to 191; souchong 3 chops, one at 244 and the others at 35 tael;. Silk.—Settlements of the fifth crop are estimated at 600 peculs at for kowkong, 250 dols. to 260 dols. ; long kongs, 270 doll. to 255 doll. ; cassis, 9,000 peculs of new sold at about 19[ dols. ; galangal, 200 peculs sold ; rhubarb, sales 270 cheats at about 60 dols.; sugar, sales 30,000 peculs. EXCHANGES. Canton. Oct. 25.—0 n London, ss. 31d. to ss. s[d.; on India, 247 rs. to 253 rs.; 0. B. Cor. on London, ss. 2d.; ditto on India, 250 rs. FREIGHTS. Port Rates.—Eogland 51. to 2/. 103 ; New York, 10 dots. for tea, ske., and 20 dole. silks ; San Francisco, 14 dols. per ton of 40 cubic feet ; Bombay, 20 cents. per peeul ; Calcutta, according to rains of merchandise. MONEY MARKET. Canton, Oct. 2&.—Bullion Haim—Geld, 21,70 dole. per Ts. ; Syeee, Ts. 1.4 per cent. prem. ; Mexican dollars, 2 per cent. discount; Carolus dollars, 10 per cent. prem. _OPIUM MARKET. Closing Rates, Fire p.m.—Patnas, 3781 dots.; 13enares, 400 dols. ; Mulwa, 360 dole. ; Turkey, 320 duis. CARLISLE AND BILLOTH BAT RAILWAY AND DOCK COMPANY.—A meeting was held on Wednesday afternoon in the Angel Rotel, Dale street, Liverpool, to hear the state ment of a deputation from the provisional council of the above company ; Mr. Charles Moore occupied the chair. Mr. P. J. Dixon, Mayor of Carlisle, was the first speaker, and stated that it was the intention of the company whom interests he advocated to form and complete a dock at Silloth Bay, in the Solway Frith, and to form a railway at that point, in connexion with the Newcastle Railway, for the purpose of obtaining a direct communication from east to west, across the narrowest part of the island. The cost was estimated to be 135,0001. He said that at Silloth Bay foci• lities existed for making a floating dock, accessible at all tides, the bay was of sufficient area to accommodate at least 200 vessels of • large clam, of a clay bottom, where vessels were never known to drag their anchors, hut where they could lie at anchor with safety. Mr. John Irving, of Car lisle, Rave come statistical information as to the probable traffic on the railway, and the cost of building the dock, rails. ay, &c., waking it appear that the nstt revenue would be equal Li 0 per cent. upon the outlay. A resolution at elating the project a feasible one, and worthy the attention of capitalists, was unanimously adopted ; and after a vote of thanks to the deputation and chairman, the proceedings ternunated. Th , The Incite Mr. os W. TIP) Osborn -- The on Sat Dowoo Fensbl Hie Counts the MI The is so di friend] in cow man w. in the Itt.ehe , but wi As before Our re! the cc recces. 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