The Express. — London, England, 1852-07-31 00:00:00

...... -1, Vie entrefso. TO COURESPONDINTS. a .is lialdea ;1" TM Itzerme," ersadaim IM SUM orealres tmeelle," a peelleard meg TeeMey ur !,relay Mato, la tom kr MIL hareememearelakaded tar " tapries," Leaks Lorelei peer, mmt be et tile 0.00. Morreflemratt, )1 'fore o'clock ea Ile au of malleable& RION WATIIR AT LONDON BRIDOR Tun 081—Mile 6n. --Animal. Va. :9a. TUaninew—nstang. tiln..«.-....Annuns. 11. I tn. LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 31. As the onetime—with the exception of Orkney— are now complete, and mweyeaterday gave a summary of their remits in Scotland, let us now glance at their consequences on theother sideof St. George's Channel. The results of the Irish elections may be taken as conclusive on the three questions which were on all hands regarded as fairly put in issue by the to the constituencies of that portion of the kin These questions may be fairly stated as: Con deem in Lord Deaue's administration; the soainteneatee and extension of Tenant-right as it exists in Ulster= and the ascendancy of Catholicism in the repre sentation. On each and all of these the electoral voice of the country has been pronounced distinctly and decisively. Ireland repudiates all sympathy with Toryism, refuses to march at the bidding of the Tenant-League, and has not thought fitjto make any material change in the relative proportions of Pro testant and Catholic members who are to represent her interests in parliament. The Tories claim among their gains seven Irish seats—Dublin, Belfast, Armagh, Monaghan, Wex ford, Wicklow, and Youghal. On the other hand their lows are almost as numerous, Cork, Carlow, Clare, Galway, Sligo, and Newry, leaving as a balance in their 'favour exactly one. In the late House of Commons Lord DERBY numbered forty-one Irish supporters; in that which is likely to meet in the month of October next he may reckon upon forty•teu. In other words, two-fifths of the repre sentatives of Ireland are to be numbered among the enemies of cheap food, free voting, and religious equality; while three-fifths have been returned pledged to the advocacy of these great principles. Had England, with her many advantages of wealth and enlightenment, done as much in the common cause, how many years of anxiety and toil might have been saved in the political life of the nation ? As competitors with the Tories for popular favour, it should be observed that the Whigs seem to have fared as ill on the other side of the Channel as on this. Every man who was known to have been in any way connected with the late administration was peremptorily cashiered. Neither Sir W. Souza 'VILLE, Mr. REDINUTON, Mr. lfleu.ew, nor Mr. Huoites ventured upon the hustings, but silently withdrew in despair. It is a fact of no ordinary sig niticance. and one which is not likely to be soon forgotten. Paramount in social and practical importance to the great bulk of the enfranchised classes in Ireland stands what is popularly termed the Land Question ; and no little curiosity was felt by many as to the result of the electoral struggle in this respect. The noise which had been made by a few individuals some months ago as leaders of the Tenant-League, and the circumstance that several counties, especially in Ulster, were to be contested on the principles in volved in that exciting controversy, led certain superficial observers to conclude that a serious change in the representation might possibly be accomplished through this influence, and that the alliance between the Presbyterians of the North and the Inman Catholics of the South, which had been so recently inaugurated, would be found fertile in political maul's. To those who had noted the progress of events more carefully, however, it had become manifest long before the dissolution of Parliament, that the immature bond of union between the two religious sections was already broken—that the Praibytsrian party believed themselves to have been abandoesti by the Catholics for sake of sectarian and excludes acme--and that the paralysis of mutual distrust bed a . l . r . m . t i etembed whatever • was ma enthusiesde or is their delusive oonibinatioe. Hassel= Cai -- ENN•mr brought to many the 111111141thm the' est of the exaggerated and fastest", theories ;o f= and of rent pit forward by the and Seem writers of the Logo% me sub- Mendel geed was Milady to seese. Hesse the debit of the pp, Jae coadidates in Meeet lisaiwaewtry, Donegal, Cane m, end, oh , Autrim 0, la where M. limuutmair CILAWFOIN the ffesmder Dsli foremost ma of the tenant-brim/ 1.111111. wee enable to make heed against the lealimel ambito tics, whisk was ceriumd in support of two mats and meenieglem arsons of the homes of kWh., and Rm.. Ulster, which eimmeneed meet Tema rowdy for Tenant-right, hes kited le return a d& member on extreme pii•shossi ma a the other provinces, the return at me to to vat Le a ...allusion of rent" mid eller unattainable objects, is rather to be seselbeil zeal then a lt os to any real belief in sabenses of seelmilede reform. Of the melmeles input ei the mem little need be said. The *logos that ham tales plies are, for the meet pat, mem substitutions of welded men for theme of the mem urea who have been triad and fond incapiltim. Maim Rama Catholic mem bers have maimed their mats. Peurteen have been replaced by others equally fervid in belief; and eight seats which were occupied in the last parliament by Protestants, have been filled by Roman Catholics. Two of these may be treated as merely canal, and as implying no religious bias or preference: we mean the ease of Mr. C. o , Batzx for Clare, in mead. of Major MACNAMARA, who had long ceased to be able to attend in his place in I and that' of Mr. P. 011aintt, in L " Visp County, who wee onitetitated for Colonel WPIIIINZA, under elmilse eloemelnaess. To Ames may, =3.6 IM • eldmi the ketones et lad who • &lOW re-enteriagamliemee of CeMllle, end dme Miele way faellip Mlotoetv, a Cobalt lanthmeen of the meaty. Dui itle hopes- Air to deem in the ems 41temlimm'Sre amiDembilk, *iim= . 1 1 a= el= Preteetanb, who MI did with the poplar party, andel marl amemiene W append the lab peemumenk, have been beetled .set of the repseenlYts,, ter no ether came than theihtbellmir Protege:l ie s& t t l e like way for zealous =lof the That the eon of , and the damndest of !Planar, should be —errs the amber. will mho lame astonish ment then regret. lleit the , lbernese of the number attests the weeknem, as well se blindness, of those to whose fustian they have been made the victims. isd thee lam the projeets of the three potential bodice—sash of which lad marked the future rem- Dentition of Ireland for its dwn—been signally Mimi)* pointed. The Carlton Club can boast of but three gams on the other side of the Channel; the Tenant Lague La been bailed in almost *very encounter where its principles were made the shibboleth of the contest; and, finally, the Cartsolie Deanne Ameciation • hes experimentally proved itself wholly powerless to effect that change In the representation it was beaded in order to accomplish—being potent only as an engine t:f es = ambition and petty intrigue. The and good emus of the peolile have saved them from being mode dupe, or tOole of gar rej set of men. Whale seft the specious proffers or Toryism they have studiously avoided every sera blame of a credulous ociaildenee in mere Whiggery. In refusing to endorse the incoherent sad impracti cable ooh of viskaary theorists they by so means resomeed the sober conviction that some essential change in the toratiand of land is indlepeniehle to the permanent wen of the cottetry ; and the most jealous Protestant can hardly say that forty-ooe members twit of 664 is =excessive mimeos proportion of Raman Cetliebe representa tives hi the sew Rome of Commons. Tee annual Flamm Amanita of the East India Company presented to Parliament have lately been delivered; and they ten a dory which must at once be nterestiog to all politicians. In modern times, use of the west tests of good govern ment is the state and pr mots of any emit ters geasese. The of itainis eresasts very . mesh in the general condition of the importer treasury, in its debt bearing no proportion to its resources, and in its taxation being comparative!, light. The weakness and insecurity at Austria, on the Mir% hand, proceed greatly from the embarrass. THE •EXPRESS, SATURDAY FRANCE. ' • . . t Tng VINISTAIT A T es/w. EUBMARHIE TELEGRAPH.) . 711011 OUR OWN CORYLMIDINT. PARIS. BATUZDAY. Achille Fould is appointed Miniater of State. PARIS, FazDAT XVININD.. The Noniteur confirms the statement contained in my letter of yesterday that M. Cambium* would follow his two colleagues, the Ministers of Foreign Affairs and Public Works in their departure from the cabinet. The official journal announces that the resignation of the Minister of State has been ac cepted; and that both he and M. Turgot are created senators as well as M. Lefebvre-Dandle. The Patric states that the latter has received from the President a dotation of 30,000 fnuies, the highest allowed by the constitution. It appears certain that the ministry of state was offired to M. Turgot; but I understand that he wished to be, like 1 0eneral de St. Arnaud, a salaried writer at the rune time. The demand was thought a cast skive the ' merit of the ex-minister of foreign affairs ; but he will no doubt receive the usual salary aorrrponding to his new dignity of senator. Who is to be the sue mum of M. Casablanca is not certainly known ; and the rumours which prevail on the subject are merely conjectural. The prefects continue to afford proofs of zeal and activity in carrying out their instructions with me ' peet to the departmental elections. The theory now, as on the 20th of December, is that the elections are free, but that the interference of power is necessary to prevent the electors from being misled. The go vernment professes the most entire confidence in the good sense of the people, and especially of the least educated class of the people the rural - labourer. But universal suffrage, alth o ugh ire wit a man is in aim plicity • child, and so simple are the electors sup posed to he, that it is considered essential to protect them against wolves in sheep clothing, enemies of Louis Isapoleon, for whom they might vote, mistak ing them for his friends. The prefects scrupulously disclaim the presumption of seeking to influence the judgment of the elector except in the case of anybody else attempting to furnish the materials nee nary to the formation of an opi nion, and thin the administration, ever ready at the call of duty, will act with energy. The modes of action vary with the necessity of the case. The simple plan of arresting canvassers, upon the accusa tion of misleading the public mind, has been inti mated in more than one instance, and as people have reason to know that those who hold out this menace are prepared to be at least as good u their word, the threat will very generally produce the required effect of putting an extinguisher upon all hostile candidatures. But other milder measures will be tried before resorting to extremities. For instance, the prefect of the Saone et-Loire, in a circular to the sub-prefects, mayors, and other officers of the de partment, after claiming credit for the clemency with which he has lately allowed a vast number of rafts and public houses, that were closed after the events of December, to be reopened, threatens to shut them up again definitively and irrevocably, in case people should meet in them to talk over the elections, or, to use the precise language of the prefect, in case they should become the theatre of " electoral intrigues." The prefect of the Pas de Calais has actually closed a public-house at Fsmpoux , because of electoral in trigues going on within it. The prefect of the Lot et Garonne has launched a communique in the news papers against Count de Raymond, a candidate whose pretensions he did not at first feel called upon to oppose. But, imprudent friends having given to this candidature a character of marked hostility, he now feels it his duty to repulse it with energy. The allusion to the "imprudent friends" seems to be merely gratuitous, for the official paragraph proceeds to assign a sufficient official reason against the candi date—the lukewarmness of his address to the electors. " M. de Hayseed,' sip the pin 0 beast speak of his devotedness to the pines who hes saved so ciety ; he confines himself to remising that he will not be hostile either to the teheinistration or the government." This not being enough, the prefect "strongly recommend? the electors of Agen to vote for M. de Bony. I understand that many of the prefect' require more than absolute devotion to the present eer of things, and make it a condition with government candidates that they shall actively co sprite in immuring signatures to petitions for the empire. The past of the Indre and Loire declares in a paWa pesismation that, certain old leaders of having attempted to revive tithed ~......rdieelertins hostile candidatures, it is se emeary that the edminstration should quit the nes lirsl=em which it had proposed to maintain. At under such pressure as I have alluded to, thepeeenissat list his been retuned without may Mess affinities. The significant feet, however, Billigille to baliotised, that out of 24,107 registered 'beton out 8,181 Mk part in the votes. In the Pile de Calm the intentions confine to be rimed imillenumerees, and the elections there are marked l 3talsystematic rejection se members of the moni st **mayors and amistant-mayors appointed the t. This has occurred in 11 coin nem tissides those mentioned in my letter of last Wi l=et el the Mancha hes acknowledged than bik sidesedinate, the sub-prebet, was wring is hit kw whin be elkially proclaimed M. de dull to be me Ineligible candidate Sr the manieipal commell. M. de Matins has to-day honed the dinar, which I ban more than once alluded to asipaga alien, requiring the local authorities to a ' !hull owneures of severity spinet hawkers ' hli Deny book or pamphlet sold by a hawker mat le Zirrin order that the agents in every maim e d eble to ace, at a glance, whether it is ne that may be lawfully circulated. ! 'The prefect of the Ile-et-Weise has give.' a worn ag to the Annul is inswe on the pima that it haketil minims the Ms of the heal ea. Ahtitha a sonar 111110MOUB in unininnale r g rians. mid mesh as is calculated/so neertekty and eneashism in the mini of the P V=a s. are busy repairing the ravages of the :Wednesday night at the Ministry of the In- It is thought that the President will take opportunity of presenting a new trousseau to Madame de Pe rsigny, to replace the wardrobe and tants ohs has lost. A funeral wire was performed yesterday morn /mg in the awn of St. Paul, Rue St. Antoine, in meneey of vistime of July, 1830. Although the etleadesee wee men lees numerous than on forms, astiveraries of the day, there was still a considera ble eme.d. After the ceremony some few groups reeseid to the column of July in the Bastille, and walked semi Unmolested. A large body of ie do-ville was upon the ground. After guingl e r nal l; 1 few mealy at the list of names inscribed up on 1 the edema the groups dispersed with the most per fect MUM Bevel journeymen masons were arrested a few days sine at St. Etienne, in a poblio-house, where they had net, it is said, to plot a general strike far snednen of Wages. The Orlin, of the jammilu b ealimstnekers at St. Qientin, is at an end. eir 4 tri d ereders appeared before the Tribunal j Police the day before yesterday, when two lIMINI allldelllind to two days, end the other to six darth we teepisinamit each. Male Bonaparte returned to Havre on Wednesday, aboc•epanied by his aide-de-camp. Re semenneesient made by the Constitutions! that Inelations from the national guards of the de plrbasots would be sent to Pane to receive the ea the 16th of -August, is contradicted by a organ. The flags will be sent to the penoni, mad be diettibated by them. The Aunt publishes the knew* idditienal de tails et the Inset detaldi Legato • , Mahe mkiere This fat% argiaieml by ti..- _______.l of the iaterior, will puti rs u ses surpass is sad . eiiaality all that have pew Ceded ih,. the day military bands, placed is this mee t po . of the capital, will execute pieces of em i t ,. 0.. game, %Mien the Past d'Austerlita sad' the y e ah de lag gaffe, char* will be jousts anti other gloat ammoniate of in ealisedi weal character. At lib gleam di Billy thine will r a in" styli e ta de.= am to the people o Puts. The nat al wheat lately built at lituilly, will be moored dem la the shoWs. 100 winces will be brought hom Cherbettt with a certain number of °Akers, and will be placed on board of bar. AU the Naansa of Paris will be salted oa to take part in this fete. From noon to wren o'clock, there will be naval evolutions of every kind with a sham attack on the frigate by steamers and boats of all kinds, which will end is a se- meat of its finances, from the exceedse might of BA fiscal system, and the depreciation rif M - etrrency. And so in the annually increasing deficit .4 France' Europe has, perhaps, its best guarantee spinet application of imperial principirsalit practices t• fureign as well as to its domaiN • Oriental countries are no exceptions to BIM rule of Occidental national life. There, too, a flourishing and increasing revenue, and an income in excess of expenditure, are evide nce" at ones of the state's strength and of the people's prosperity. There also deficiency is • cause of national weaknees,and heavy taxation the source of popular unhappiness. There too are taxes which indicate, as clearly as does our own Excise, the true state of the populaUoo, which act as a thermometer of general progress or decline. By the last Charter Act, the government of India was deprived of the profits of the China monopoly, which so frequently rectified and adjusted the balances of its territorial revenues and disbursements—at the east, however, of the people of England, from whose high-priced tea those profits were Zerived. For the first three financial years of the existing tenure of its power, the finances of India flourished, notwith standing this loss. The " reason why " is plain enough. Under Lord Wu. BENTIBCICB adminis tration, India was preserved in profound peace. It was in the autumn of 1838 that Lord ACCKLAND commenced in Affghanistan that series of wars which his successorshave, with a few months' in tervals, down to this hour, continued; and in the fol lowing tablswill be seen at a gleam their financial consequersess : Years. Indian Deficit. Indian Surplus. 1838-9 £381,000 1839-40 1840.1 1,754,000 1841-2 1,771,000 18624 1843-4 1,40,000 1844-8 683,000 1843-8 1,495,378 1846-7 971,202 1847-8 1,911,791 1848-9 1,473,113 1849-50 1850-1 631,173 211611 , 4 85 7 £3.54,287 Out of thirteen yews. tkere sax been one only distinguished by a 'Purples; sad in it the surplus wu one of an accidental character. For, in 1849-a0 the opium monopoly, owing to the fineness of the season and the extent of the crop, increased the receipts by upwards of 700,0001., a snm nearly double the amount of the surplus. In 1830-1, however, this source of income declined by more than 20,000!. beyond the deficit of 631,1721.; en occurrence which, we may remind the Friend of Indio, was an ticipated in this journal, in replying to its observa tions on one of our former examinations of the finances of India. And when we recollect how large a proportion of the revenue of India is derived from opium—about 4,000,000!. sterling—and how it depends on seasons and on the preservation of peace, and of our existing trading relations with China, the less permanent reliance that is placed on it as an item of revenue the sounder will be the finances of India. The net revenue on which occurs the deficit of 631,173!., in what may almost be called the first year of peace, amounts to 19,900,6021.: the expenditure to 20,337,6761. And were it not that, in 1860-1, for the first time, the annexed province of Sattarah furnishes a credit of about 200,0001., the deficit would have been proportiouably greater. The causes of this con tinued deficit even in peace are two-fold—first, enormous military expenditure ; and, secondly, fall ing off of revenue. Of the total net expenditure in 1830 1 of 20,337,8751., no less than 10,000,0001. comes under the heeds of military and marine charges. Though in 1850-1 we were at peace, there was no real diminution of them. "Wu charges" had, of course, decreased. But the great out lay then, and still going on in bare and other military buildings, deprived ese revenue of relief from the cessation of war. now that in 1831-2 the government of India is NZ, involved in another and expensive war in Burma (coating probably quite as much as the Kaffir waroi 1110,0001. a month), in next year's accounts the mili fiery expenditure will be proportionally increased— mod with it the deficit also. One Alit d this enormous military expenditure is that the 1111,111111111110 t 01 India has very httle money to smiled ea idea le far sern important to the people of Lila den essezetioas se absorptions of states or the peishmeM of Burmese insolence—via., public weaU la the amounts before us the expenditure in 1830-1 soder this head is, in round numbers : L 77,000 Welt • Bombay 38,000 Total Public Worts E 774.000 Yet, listening to debates at the India House or to explanations in Parliament, it might be supposed that as many millions, se we can only count up hundreds of thousands, wimp being applied in this say to the development et Indian resources. Of the amines of mom% the greatest—the land mream—edmias etatiesdp. Even in the North- Wialean mimeo the system prevailing is so it Lea ad increase. Whilst in Ma ass and amelay it positively declines. Cultivation is ad, therein's, extending, or capital augmenting. A beer teat of the condition of the people is, however, the salt revenue. In India at is the popular con diment. Every individual um it so largely as he can. Nimes, cows, sad sheep have all a regular allowance shalt. It • government monopoly, and for the prim mid the consumption thereinent is altogether asepensible. Now in alone, in 1843-4, die monopoly yielded 1 ,0001. iia 1860-1, it L:::F1,000,000L, heing_a lose of 800,0001. But d ll m l "v l4 a.k.rtt was.l irwe"d ßenga 1844. .1,880,0001., 1.01111.000/. last year ; thus show ehed a he the milt revenue is Ibrir sell W,llOl ea a poll tax l i k Li al it is these facts that the • Ws it is also &dining. At all emits, it Ns by the people is fallinS With an immising expenditure— with a con es rather a dielnik, annual deliolary, the Mend stationary—the( silt revenue emlabileg— and Ike opium revenue mark= and mmettiinp— the Imams el India are, it mad be 6=Z in an elmndisg, at all events in a very Nets Mead &ay go as has tad to Armee, lid ultimate esmernmess of esseder Meg Sir Rotas Pm. warned Pettianisat in 1811 k s a this emery. It is, therefore, for ear owl to look to the withhest in time. Ilappay. however, lads limb o f but two things to be ode basalt es abort bar inensm. Them, it is shown by die imp improvement of the Cedar emesopent an de libation el bomb duties. end alai. thro&s:Pon Cl the ports generally me—ampiste of loam; 11116--.P16011. TRACTARIAN SCANDAL. A very serioss sharp against a leading Lon don 'Nigerian dime was, we ancierstand, yea terday the subject of an investigation instituted br episcopal 'direction. The Mince in by is alleged to have teen committed by a reverend promoter of the systems( the e= fessional— a system hrholds to be essistest with , the progenies of Proteetuntima. It is to be desired•that the tallest and fidtest investigation et tie stir should take place. since the gravest interests, both religious and moral, are at stake ' • and we may =prom a Munro hope that the ecelesiestisal authorities will do their duty sot only with strict impartiality, but with the earnestness required on So important an occasion. THE MINISTRY. It is stated that serious dissensions have already arisen within the Tory tamp. Some of its mem bers have made free-trade prolusions—others are niII protectionists; and the difiammes thus origi nating Sr. said already to fading the still more serious dißemities whisk the blare sem scarcely fail to aggravate.—Doily Nero. FATAL RAILWAY Aocirmam--02 Tuesday after woe., me • memo' gee pettnellierthitempb the salmi is the vicinity irt faeley, en the Gisagew r 1.W.5.p11 ere Itsilersy, with the Orme et het babarl, etudes layer ee the We, s yenseesee Irene ems up. tbs• aortal precaution et the whistle was taw. ein fortunate bosh was se AM, *peal et dead hie still, else tee en le nite, nod yr kaolin tbs opt El the Eaters of taw *Om 'G, JULY 31. 1852. 7 atikßeitin the chamber ei s thAel t ative t demerits will the it wide; tra eepreeee• the at M oat by o.m Beeeperee at tate Preach array. These .15 Int'aide items% at Reny want Um Barri ere da Xmas. The dearof die Flees Vendoengspd the Rue de la rale eel Omeiglimo, will be maguillesaL On the Boulevard" Rem US IIIIO candelabras lighted with gas will be arra= d io se be reduce the finest offset. At the Tuileries, of the Pont Tournaat, elee tre bride will be ginri is illuminate the surrounding part of the pedesh he diteurdne will be illaminated with Mewed bra" sad miler all the solemn of the niche* Thu dremehlege of the rime de le Comm& wileibere • mesa WSW sage, and it will be es en selbely tom plee. IN the Champs Rlysiee will be dl tbeeleies ereamesteil with statues and damn, 154 eddlelergAma lights will be plead represent ' leg moss mel dm Miele ef the PresideeL At the Rad arossielen slides id the asefsent will stand out lo • eadrely moeL tits Loa da Triomphe de Me& tMtm w il l be plead a Weird eagle which will at *le be brilliantly elMO•d._ A ball will be given to the Dames de la Ha/le in the Marche des Lorelei', when a Salle will be stars esaW of mat:Whig presee, and which will be riehlyisevorted eta iimmariL The following is tie Misr at M. Miles Barrot referred to by our eteraspondent yesterday: Beegival, July 23. Gentlemen and haesoreble hiesda,—l am sensibly touched at the steps yes how ram with reference to my self, but it adds still mega al my pals. I had contracted the pleasing habit of ILL, with, you end our other friends of Crecy in a perfect 1111•1111usity of sentiments, ideas, and opinions. Revelation lei la vain convulsed the State, but they Sleds IMP doses is mu reciprocity of good feel ing. I was es es geed terms with our honest operatives the day after the revolution of the 24th of February, at that meeting, so numerous, so solemn, which took place is the church of CTiri in presence and under the sanc tion of religion, as I bad been previously with the elec tor, of 200 f. in our electoral councils. 'I he reseal is that ia our department, unlike what takes place in others, we are not party politicians ; we do not aim at satisfying individual or load selialmees, and the aim of our efforts is the moral and material welfare of all, without distinction of rich or poor. Thus the revolution found us very nearly united by the same sentiment, and we but slightly felt those class hatreds which in other parts of Frazee have left such profound tramp. There is no doubt that the revolu tion of 1848, by giving to the country institutions for which it had not been salßeiently prepared, exposed it to snatchy, and wee destined to produce the reaction which we now behold. But in hue that revolution had remained pure from all violence against property or persons ; it was nothing more than the imprudent exaggeration of our old liberal principle. I have not then considered I ought to refuse the mission you then entrusted to me to regulate, if possible, the course of that revolution, to conjure the dangles it brought with it, and to extract the good whose germ is always in sincere and free institutions, however defective they may otherwise be. I employed, as deputy or u mi nister, all iny faculties and energies for that object. You were pleased to acknowledge my effort., and to applaud them. It is not my fault, you know, if the vices of the constitution have not been amended by legal means, and if once more an opportune reform did not prevent a violent revolution. But now that on the ruins of the constitutional and par liamentary government of my country ia founded, not in the form of temporary and incidental dictatorship, but as a permanent government, the most absolute power that per haps exists in the world ; now that France, traversing the fatal circles monad which she has been turning for 60 years past, has 'Rain passed from the most excessive liberty to authority the most concentrated and the most devoid of all serious control ; when the deceitful forme of univer sal suffrage and of popular sections, with the absence of all free discussion, of all possible assembling, of all pre vious concert between the electors, leave to the candidates indicated by the authorities the secure chance of success, and do not seem to have been maintained but only to mark the Wee semblance of liberty, the sad and humiliating realities of despotism—what cooperation can you require of no for such a government ? What good could Ido ? The implicit adhesion which I should give by my oath to the destruction of oar dear and old liberties, would it not effect ten times more evil than any good resulting from my presence in the Council-General ? I appeal torn, my dear fellow-citisens. Habituated, as we are, to think very nearly in the same way, to consult each other, as it were, say if, by the determination I adopt, and which pains my heart so much, I do not render to our liberal cause the last and only service I can render it. The good that we have commenced in the canton of Cricy has made sufficient advent* to maks it almost a matter of indifference, so far as regards our mate rial interests, whether I remain or do not remain your re presentative in the Council General. And as to the public and moral interests, believe me, it is much better for us all that I should maintain our faith in liberty, and fidelity to our liberal banner. It is much better when ills everywhere proclaimed that France is not worthy of that liberty she has followed amidst so many vicissitudes, earned by so many sacrifices, that there should still be men who persist in be lieving her worthy of it. I ought and I desire, to be one of those men, should I die before I see my hopes realised. Pardon me for this long letter ; the situation is difficult, and with the remembrance of the duties of gratitude which attach me to you I felt the want of opening, as it were, be ftwe you my whole soul, and of laying before you the real motives which induce me to answer to your pressing invita tion by a refusal which causes me much pain, but which, I hope, will not deprive me of your esteem nor of your friend ship. Receive the assurance of my profound eassideration, and of my inviolable attachment. (Signed) " () DIJON Baxter." At the Bourse the Four-and-a-Half per Cents. rose 10, and closed at 103.95; the Three per Cents. rose 55, and closed at 74.6. St. Germain railway rose 10f. ; Orleans, 7.50 ; Dieppe, 3.75; Rouen fell 6.26 and Strasbourg, 3.75. ITALY. ROMAN STATES. ROME, JULY 24. I It bodes no good to the cause of Edward Murray to me the press of this country, which may be con sidered es the voice of the government during the strict censorship now exercised, not only renew its attacks upon the character of the prisoner, but also endeavour to disprove his nationality aa a British subject. Mr. Petro had a long interview with Cardinal Antonelli two days ago, and is to have an audience of his Holiness to-day, but the subject under discus sion more probably refers to the state of feel ing now prevalent amongst Roman Catholics in Ire land and England, than to the adjustment of the Murray cue, as might have been inferred. Mrs. Murray dispatched a petition to the High Court of Parliament on the 2nd inst. The Russian minister, M. de Battened, has left for Naples. Exchange on London, 437. Roman Five per Cents., 84.30. NAPLES, JOLT 24. I am enabled to give you a new programme of the Jesuits for the persecution of protestant* in Italy. It is intended to press for the removal of alltestant places of worship beyond the gates of I talian cities. They are not to be allowed, as at present, to be at tached to British missions,—to prevent Italians from associating with foreigners, especialgesEng lish (this move has begun in Na )—to enrol no more Swiss protestant' in the legions which support Italian pnasse. To allow no education to protestant youth threnghout the penin sular ; to prohibit all books whisiima indirectly re fer to the Reformation. MI mats sow taking place convince me that my idmiestion is correct, and nothing but the most arm Minnie of her Majesty's ministers abroad, as well as decision at home, will prevent such intolerant proceedings. It is here generally lie ved that General Filsari eri, the lord lieutenant of Sicily, has offered his resig nation, because the King would not allow him to introduce a French company for the purpose of build ing the proposed roads in that island, and other dif ficulties. of the con- It conditions for the pro poi n nod far the further participation or the .14. • • =lee lo the said negotiations. The are, , the delivery of the declarations touching 'the Pruesien'meepositirms as regards the junction of the ikesiereerehs edsh the Zollverein. Several of the govern ments repainted at the conferences here have deemed it necessary to Misr their declaration on the single points of this proposition till it should have been discussed in its full extent, and thus to enable themselves, in deciding on each point, to weigh its connection with all other points; nor has the Prussian government objected to such View of the matter. binee, however, this proposition, the fun ocintente of which has been publicly known for ten months, has now been completely discussed in all directions, there can be no further obstacle to a definite resolution, while, on the other hand, no party can be insensible to the urgency of such a resolution with regard to the decisive influence of this subject on the result of the pending negotiations. The second point, which the Prussian government regards as decisive, la the consent that the negotiations with Austria, confined to a treaty of customs and commerce, shall be opened only after the conclusion of the y for renewing and extending the Zollverein. The Pi milieu government has designated this to he its guiding point of view in its invitation to the present conference., and has explained its motives at full length in its dcelarations of May 1, June 7, and July I. Iteferriag to the reasons explained it can only bold fast to this point of view as a bases for further in gobs. Lion ; but it can no lees reiterate the assurance that when that period shall have arrived it will be ready forthwith to open with Austria the negotiations which are as desirable to Prussia as to its allies in the Zollverein ' • and that it does not intend, in such negotiations, to restrict t hose foundations, which it has designated as acceptable, more especially In its minutes, dated Wiesbaden, June 7, 18.51. While the Prussian government, in the convictions here set forth, is conscious of being guided only by the upright wish to preserve and fortify a union the blessings of which it re. cognises in their full extent, and while it presumes, that it meets with a similar desire on the port of all its allies in the Zollverein, it cherishes the confidential hope that all members of the existing Zollverein will accede to its con• victions, and, by their assent to the same, afford it tne pos sibility of resuming the negotiations with all of them to gether. Several passages in these documents prove that the contending parties are as far from an understand ing as at the commencement of proceedings, and that no progress whatever towards removing the fundamental difficulties has been made. Thus far the views which, in opposition to those of the German press, I have ventured to set forth in your paper, have been hitheTto fully cor roborated. That Baden, not having joined the Darm stadt treaty, did not sign the foregoing declaration, is natural. That Wurtemberg's holding back its signature is of little importance, I have already ex plained, and I see no reason for altering my opinion. Wurtemberg is tied to the coali tion, which cannot be broken up, even if the members if it desired to do so. They have irre trievably bound themselves to measures in Austria's interest, and for the realisation of which Austria will provide; unless, what I do not expect, Austria should see that by drawing over only the coalition states and letting Prussia with the north of Ger many escape its nets, it looses the best of the booty, and should, consequently, pursue the far deeper policy of letting Prussia renew the Zollverein with a protective tariff, which would establish a pre dominent Austrian influence. the GREECE. The Inds spendance of Brussels says: Our letters from Athens, of the 17th, state that, during absence of the King of Greece, in Germany, the regency would be again confided to the Queen to exercise. On a previous occasion the Queen displayed great energy as regent, and on assuming authority she required th►t the members of the cabinet should put an end to the dissension which had broken out amongst them relative to the interpretation of Article 6of the law on the Holy Synod. This dissension threatened to cause a change of ministry, and the Queen is anxious to govern with the present ministry until the king shall return. Her Majesty's resolution had thwaited the schemes of parties. The Chamber of Deputies had made an important modification in the bill on the nomination f bishops, and the cabinet, though disapproving of it, was obliged to acquitece in it. It was, however, s►id that if the Chamber should become decidedly hostile, the Queen would not hesitate to dissolve it. AMERICA. The Washington arrived off Cowes last night, on her way to Bremen. She left New York on the 17th inst. The sonthern-rights men had not decided whether they would keep up a separate organisation or go for Pierce and King. The Tribune has the following: Mr. Clay's will, of which a synopsis has reached as by telegraph, answers fitly the tits-long accusations under which he laboured of devoting himself to the extension and conservation of the slave power. Having twice striven, in effectually, to induce Kentucky to embark in a system of gradual emancipation and colonisation, he now directs that the principles he advocated shall be carried out with res ' poet to his own slaves—all of those born since January, 1860, with those hereafter to be born, being educated for liberty and sent free to Liberia—the m ales at the age of 28 and the females at that of 25 years. Thus the descendants of thaw who served the great Kentuckian will all attain freedom. ---- Afresh arrival had taken place at New York from California, with specie to the value of two million, of dollars. _ _ Cholera had broken out at the Isthmus of Panama. The export of gold from California is thus given by the San Francisco Herald: The total shipment of gold dust appearing upon the Custom-house books, from this port, during the first quar ter of 1852, was 7,710,932 dole., of which 7,277,500 was taken by steamers to PIUI2IIIII. and 332,703 dots. to San Jean del Sud—the remainder, 100,729, wee carried by sail ing Teasels to Hong Kong, Valparaiso, and other ports upon the Pacific. As en indication of the large amount taken by passengers, which does not appear upon the ships nuaifests, we may adduce the fact that the ship ment from this port to Puma and San Juan Oaring the month of February. was, per records, only 1,8.57,612 dole., while ' the coinage at the various mints during March, within which month the gold export from here in February would reach the Atlantic cities, amounted to 4,931,802. The difference was of course not all taken by passengers, bat a large portion of it undoubtedly wee. The manifests of the Panama steamers show a shipment of , 3,419,547 doll. during April, 3,440,649 dole. during May, and 1,920,466 dots. is June; making 16,601 , 894 dolt for the first five months end • half of the year 1852. Thie doss not include the amount manifested since March for say other pert than Panama—the amount taken to various Pacific ports daring the year and to 'a ttuned to the custom house, or the large sums taken in the bands of passengers. The last steamer, the Telilltaftll, carried 1,920,466 dollars—the largest amount taken by any one steamer this year. The total shipment for June will pro bably reach 3,700,1,00 dollars, which will increase the ex port, seclusive of Use heavy uneseertaiaed items above, for the first half-year of 1852, to 19,281,448 dollars. This is at the rate of 38,662,896 dollars for the year. Daring the year 1861, the deposits, ef California gold at the mints amounted to 66,938,232 dollars, being 17,376,336 dollars more than the sum estimated for the present year, on the supposition that the export of the last half shall not exceed that of the first half of the year. This difference will be more than made up by the sums carried in the bands of passengers, without taking into consideration the Increased export during the rest of the year, which may be certainly counted on, from the increased facilies for work iag the mines. There is every reason to believe our ex ports this year will exceed those of the last. NEW TORE, FRIDAY EVENING, JOLT 16. The stock market is km bneyaat for most descriptions. The money market k nnshenged, with a good supply of capital. Foreign Beano le steady at 1101 to 1101 foe 00 day bills on London ; ged4,171 to 5,161 for Perim, GERMANY. The imports of dry goods for the week have been large, but are nearly 1,000,0 M don. below the amount for theme. ing week of last year. ZOLLVEREIN. Ne rgOW.—There is a steady, moderate business &deg, BERLIN, JOLT 28. and rates are Stilly nuaistained. The sales teilay are Authentic copies of the Darmstadt Coalition's last 1,000 bales; (Or three days, 3,040 bales, and for us days, reply, and of Prussia's last declaration given at the 6,643 °. W. 'Pow Other adjournment of the conferences, have found their •Florida. Gulf Forts. way into the newspapers. Wake nominal nominal ... nominal (The substance of the fanner of these documents °"• = 1 " 4 0 „ 4 ::' to to tltL appeared in our columns yesterday.) end tit bile lot to 101 le, to 11 to lie The Prussian declaration of 20th July commence* I : l 6 r a r i rm. ••• • by stating that the preliminary examination of the BaaAjwcin s ._.Th e fieue — learkei is steady ; desirable September treaty and of the Prussian proposition lets of freslf=d State and Western, inch/Slag brands for the modification of the Zollverein being g known to , not_eeety, but in other resp ects i Me through, no material for discussion at this stag if market is supplied. Toe sales are lI,Sgo bbl s. at mg the case remained, and it became necessary to ad- quo comration":tateW: r 0 t0 te .. 4 - 16 8 7 e go l ors e tlte N . 4 2 36 ' 4. 31 4 t SflMat joarn the conferences till the decision of the funds- vorite state, 4,181 to 4,20; mixed to straight Indiana mental 9uestion should afford a basis for decisive 4,12 to 4 Ali; fancy Indiana, 4,25 to 371; fancy Mic t o~'gea, negotiation. It then proceeds as fellows 4,25 to 4,321; good Ohio, 4,25 to 4,37 f• fancy Ohio, 4, to The Ps widen government presumes that the other go- 4,621 ; extra Ohio, Indiana and Mlehigan 4,631 to sbo vernments equally feel the imperative neeemity of lemur- fancy 0011.14)11, 4,431 to 4,681; extra Genesee, 4,930 to 6,76. satas loon as possible the uncertainty, so detrimental to tile Southern Sour is unchanged, with sales of 1,000 bbls. at ...trio interests, teaching th e futon relations o f ens. 4 dole 37t. to 6 dole. 66ic. for common to good brands. tones and commerce. It reckons, therefore, on a mutual Canadlae is good demand, at 4 dots. 61c. to 4 dot.. 121 c., understanding, that the necessary adjournment shall be re- the latter for good fresh ground In bond; the sale today girded as a means of putting an end to this uncertainty, was 13,000 bbl,. aid that the recommencement of the oonferenoes must Wheat kas bees more waive, with no natesial change In simultaneously bring the decision, whether a common basis rates ; the sales include 2,000 bushels white °enamor, at Por negotistions, and, consequently, the passibility of an I del. 12tc ; 1,100 ditto, 1 dol. Ile.; 1,400 mixed ditto, understanding exists. While the Pruss government, 1 deal. 5c.;7,000 good to prime mixed Ohio, 1 dol. to 1 dol. starting from this point of view, invites to a resumption of le. ; 1,60 0 red ditto, 97e. ; 3,200 Pennsylvania, 1 dol. 2c. • negotiations on the 16th August, and is ready to two invoices white Michigan, 1 dol. sc. to 1,71 c.; and 6,000 accede to any earlier term, if desired, it does Chicago spring, 67c. to 69c. not hesitate to designate the two mints. the Paovisions.—Beef is quite al. " , e1 the small stock. Neapolitan Fives, 100. Sicilian Fives, 99k. Ex. change on London, 674. advanced prices, sad increased demand* of holden, have a tendency to limit the business; mess 15 dole. to Is dots. ; new prams is scarce, and nominal. Prime MUM is about o ut of market. Pork is steady, with oaks of 290 brls. mess, at 19 doh. 25e.; prime, 16 dols. 871 c.; prime mess, 21 doh; clear, 20 dole. 50e. FREIC/Hll3.—To Liverpool 5,000 bushels grain were taken at 31d. to 4d. in bulk, and Sid. bagged by the ship; 1,600 bbls. flour, Ild. to Is. To Glasgow, in addition to that no ticed yesterday, 2,600 bushels wheat at 6d., end 500 bbl, Sour at Is. 6d. To London, • Swedish ship was tak.n at 2s. for naval stores. There was • good business done in des! freights; two vessels from St. John to Loudon were taken at 751.; one ditto Hull, at the same rate ; out ditto to Bristol, 705.; a vessel with 2,500 bbls. to Barbadoes, a t 50s. Two guano charters were made at 16 and 16 dolt. SOCIETY ISLANDS. FLIGHT OF QUEEN POMAItE. The news kiss the Society Islands, remived at New York Ps the 16th by the llawailan schooner Falmouth, which touched at Tahiti ou her passage from Auckland, N.Z., to San Francisco, also at haina, S. L, is several days later, and of un interest ing nature. We are under obligations to Capt. Wilson for a report of the state of affairs at the So ciety Islands, when his vessel left. A few days before the departure, Itiatca was the sceuc of a conflict between the republicans and the royalists. The half breed native who was elected by the former as l'resident ppg itm•., was overpowered and forced to flee with his troops before the sudden assaults of the roy alists. The republicans, however, rallied, received strong reinforcements, and marched against flueen I'omare's troops, repulsing them with considerable loss of life on both sides, and reinstating their presi dent. Queen Pomare, heating of the defeat of her troops, hastened in person to Ithaca, to turn the tide of mar. She was assailed with great fury, and barely escaped with her life, by taking refuge on board a French frigate. This vessel, Capt. Wilson reports, arrived at Lahuina, Maui, one of the group of Sandwich Islands, on the 13th ult., the day on which his vessel sailed from that port, having on board the Queen of the Society Islands, who has thus been forced to abdi cate her throne. Captain Wilson reports that the flight of Queen Pumare restored quiet and tranquillity at ltiatea. We shall await further intelligence from the Wands with much interest. MORE AUSTRIAN ARRESTS IN ITALY. It appears that the Austrian government are acting on the principle of the old Roman legend—cutting off the poppy-heads in the field ; trying to k•ep in surrection down by simultaneously arresting and carrying off to prison every patriot of any conse quence against whom the police could find or invent a ground of suspicion. Arrests so numerous and suc cessive arc significant of no ordinary amount of suppressed patriotic enthusiasm among the Italian populations, and of the consciousness of the Austrians that their tenure of power is at the merry of a vol cano which may burst to morrow. In addition to the names of persons of note already mentioned in our columns as having been arn stet], we have since received the following :—At Mantua, the Archpriest of Barbosa°, at Milan, Antongino, Simonetta, Carta, Nani, Mangili, Griffini; at Verona, Montanan and Miami; at Modena, Montanan, an ex-captain; at Massa, Monari. At Ferran, the Austrian stronghold in the Roman States, there have also been arrests, including Count Most', Dr. Passega, an officer in the Pontifical service, and two Austrian officers. The precise meaning of all these arrests, wherever the Austrian power extends in Italy—the precise clue that the Austrians arc follow ing out—cannot yet be ascertained. A special commission has, however, been appointed to try those arrested in Lombardy ; at the head of which commission is General Renedeek, of Galician memory. The following piece of intelligence will also show the animus of the Austrian government in Italy, their determination to overlook nothing, and to put the black stamp of official notice upon every act, of whatever kind, which can be construed to have a particle of patriotic meaning in it The Chevalier Nava, a warm partisan of Austria, and connected with the Jesuits, is President of tho Aca demy of tho Fine Arts at Milan. Assisted by a small number of persons of his own way of thinking, he bail caused Count Strassoldo and Marshal Radetzky to be, nominated honorary members of the said Aca demy. At the same time there were nominated to the same honour, M. Vela, a distinguished sculptor, and M. Rossi, a painter. The two artists, on some pretext or other, declined the honour of sitting in company with men playing such a pin in the op pression of Italy. The Austrian government, how ever, has shown its sense of the true motive of the refusal, and has conveyed to the sculptor Vela a pe remptory order to leave Milan in three hours, under pretext that he is not a Lombard. Vela was born in Italian Switzerland. PROGRESS OE TURKEY.—The events of 1821 , which had thrown Turkey under Russian influence, and those of 1840 which proved the power of Mehemet Ali, contributed to keep up the idea that Turkey was slowly liking into an abyss. After 1828, Turkey came out of her terrible shrug ' glee with Greece, which had armed for her liberty; revo lutions in different provinces had weakened her; her finances were exhausted; her annual revenue did not ex ceed 100 millions; her army was not more th.en 30,000 men, and her fleet hid been destroyed at Nevarino. Under these circumstances Turkey naturally drew towards the power which threatened her the most, and sought a defender in Russia, whose omnipotent influence re vealed itself by the treaties which intenlieted the entrance of foreign vessels of war into the 81.,ek Sea. All theumniiitentia exuliowever,, now changed. The array is in a state to resist any aggression ; her steam fleet can con tend against the Russian navy, If it should ever attempt a coup-de-main against Constantinople ; her finances are re established, and improvements of every kind have been in troduced. Russian influence has consequently diminished in proportion as the dangers which first imposed it have been removed. But in addition, during the lost 30 star'. IS morel revolution of great importance has taken place in Turkey. That cosustiy has now freed itself from the pre judices of Mussulman fanaticism to enter firmly on the path of eivilisation. The old fanatical Turks have seen that they could not struggle any longer against the movement of progress, which was gaining ground everywhere, and again it is France which is the soul and model of the transformation which has hem effected. Our dress, our arts, nay our customs, ate ini tated by the rising generation there. The Turkish troops follimionr miles of.discipline ; the finances of Turkey bor row from our budgets their order and regularity ; and in fact, the credit of that lower is now so firm that it is in a position to realise at present a loan of 40 to 60 millions with the European bankers. Turkey has not, as yet, political institutions of any great extent, but she us the germ of large municipal liberties, which are tho bases of every liberal constitution. Such progress and tendencies hare raised Turkey to the height of the great nations of Europe, sad explain the unequivocal sympathies of the French go vernment for the Porte. There are few nations who have done so much in so short a time, and who have so well justified the remark that "propose isnever so well realised as when it marches at the head of societies iostead of struggling against it."— Pars MELANCHOLY DEATH OF A FARMER BY DROWN isio.—On Wednesday an inquest was held by Mr. Brent, the deputy-coroner for Middlesex, on view of the body of Mr. W. whose death happened under the following melancholy details. The deceased gentlemen, who was in his 57th year, had long resided at Staines, and was the pro prietor of Lea Croft Farm, Knowle-green, in that neigh bourhood. The evidence proved that up to the period of his death he was of excellent health, and always cheerful in his spirits. Early on Monday morning he went, as was his custom, to bathe in a piece of water called "Ship Hood." in the immediate vicinity, and being an expert swimmer*" fears were entertained as to his safety ; but it is supposed be was suddenly seised with cramp, or PEN other momentary paroxysm, which prevented him from retaining the surface until usistance could be procured him, and be disappeared all at once. He ISIS left a numerous family to lament their loss. The jury returned • veris.ict of ° Accidentally drowned.l _ _ THE GRAND MILITARY FETE AT PARK—The m i, communicating with the continent intend running and cheap excursion trains to the Grand Military rte at Paris, on the 10th of next month. SOUTHAMPTON POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION. — The directors of the Peninsular and Oriental Company hive generously placed one of their large steam-boats at the ser vice of the Southampton Polytechnic institution, in order that the members of the institution and their friends may enjoy a marine excursion this summer. Mr. Willeoz, the managing director of Me company, has also kindly dieted to pay any expense to the institution, which may be at tendant on such an excursion out of his own pocket. The excursion will be made r eat month, and a large party of gentlemen interested in Southampton will, It is capcacd. accom or pan n y E t e b A e ßum membe H rs A o Lu_ of the institution iamesof and their passed their examination is the science and pean uts of medicine, and received certificate , s to practike, o n . burr. day, July 29. 11152:—John Cuthbert Wi t atcy, htthqrfi. Augustus Brabius Webb Greater., Eeek.hall ; Blooper, Buntingford, Herta; Frederick ormrut Plymouth; Matthew Corner, Whitby, Fox, Nottingham ; George Simpson, India: 11, k Eves, Cheltenham. e tt n i' w pds h o. Ap gn am rn an to fen lot 7 0 tel Uti for alli pri !ril