The Express. — London, England, 1851-10-07 00:00:00

Efte eypretifi. TO CORRESPONDENTS. • Mr, • &Mew .4"Tee Tepreee,' esoralalme .be woe @venires " Gosoge.. p.4ll,bed every Trolley awl Friday etitat, La Uwe OW Poor. *dm , orate entered/4 "Tbe Uprise," Looks E.`s;all pew, skew er Uw mere, 14 trweverrostrert, 9y Two Vetere es Use ay of ppkiiitSUOll. MOH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE T im D.v—flame[. ao, fli AR'rraa. oi• 4 1 1 L I.34oaavr —Santa& 11. 3a Artemis. lk. 23A. LONDON, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 7. WE are not surprised ►t the immense amount of emi gration taking place from Ireland and from England towards the American contine..q. The marvel is, that it did not take place long ago. The temptation held out by a land of no rent, no religiou+ distinctions, no tax woe upon property, is too strong to be resisted by those in whose path of life all these difficulties and privations are strewn. 'The great preventives to emigration—dearness of tranoport, _ . laud in and ignorance of the " tin 're going to"—these have been done away with: The poor Irishman has more friends and re latives west of the Atlantic than eastward of it, and his trans-Atlantic relations extend to him the arm and the money to help him over. Nor is it merely material suff rings. at home, and advantages of the same class abroad, that prompt the Irishman to depart. Ile has been pinched in his belly, no doubt, hut he has been more grievously wounded in his pride. Year after year his champions have been telling him that the hour of his millennium was about,to come. In the year so and so, Ireland wan to be?lailsendent and free, power was to depart from the Saxon and ascendancy from his creed, and the Irish were to be happy under a ' catholic government and a totally new p'yiner. Those Whil believed fervently in this, and millions were made to do so, cannot put up contentedly with the sober and humiliating truth, that the race is still under oppression, from which years of pinee and industry, and enlightenment and content alone can raise them. Pride has gone hand in hand with pove d rty in expelling the Irishman from his native lan. There is anotherclass that feels equally the necessity of fluv,unithog from the Irish sod, and this class feels t lie neeessity of flitting even more from England than from Inland. It is the class of unskilful agrietilturimtm. These are men wk.. can make nothing of hind, tin more than they can of life, mi les, under the most favourable circutnstances. These do wi II to quit the British .bores, where life to the cunt r is a severe struggle, rtspiiring all the arts that education, industry, and happy temperament can give. The Essex calf and the Tipperary tiger had far better quit the culture of cold day and con-acre, than go on delving until the one finds an end in a poor house, and vindictiveness leads the other to the front of a gaol. Let us hope that by a natural process these count:4l4am Hinging off that portion of the popula tion which ran host he aimed. But even taking all theta causes largely into ac count, a great portion of the fumed emigration from Ireland lien at the door of the landlord. Ito has evict' d largely. Whatever nierq he might once have had upon the RI platter has, since the epoch of the poor law, vanished. Ile must not only have rent, but a tenant on a hom he can depend to pay it. lie finds it cheaper to let him laid go out . . of oulthstion than to people it with paupers. hence labour ham grown scarce in many evicted districts. Large estates arc at this moment to be found in the western province, on which there has not been a permanent letting during the last five years, be cause no man would take land at the rent and on the tenure for which the owner holds out. And while tine speeches are made in parliament by ministers, about assimilation and rdrntitieation of institutions, the English public will probably marvel at learning that under no cireum 'tames is outdoor relief tolerated at the present manila in the sister kingdom. We are not now arguing fur or against a particular mode of poor relief. The workhouse test may be in the abstract right and necessary as a fundamental rule in an ordinary state of society. But in a country where, in the space of four years, 268,000 houses have been leielled to the ground, and where many of the owners of property keep up rents in the hope of regaining a protective price Cr cora, to unhouse and to refuse land, when there is no class us yet to employ labour, is literally to bid the peasantry go to .Amenca, if they can, and starve, if th e y cannot. 'We are led to these remarks by reading the follow ing passage in the Galway I'indiratur . _ Inion fortnight, as the returns of the relieving officers 'how, tillf additional paupers have been midis' to the bur den of the impoverished union of Outerard. Of these, 531 have berm expelled from their homes by the Law Life As- Barmier Company, and 89 by Laird Oranmore, whose pro. pity a. now in the lneumbervd Estates Court. It is ex pected that the eviction returns, which the relieving officers age ra 'king out for the present week, will chow a still rester increase in the number of exterminations, and a is rapid nea t en.. in the work of demolition. When the b 00... are levelled, it is a kind of proclamation that no hit, tam habitation shall again be tolerated on the estate--an Intimation that it is nut in contemplation to substitute a' MuTe improving, and, perhaps, a more industrious, tenantry, than those evicted. The Law Lifo Assurance Company were mortgagees on the property of the late Colonel Martin. who inherited, what might be justly termed, the princi pality of lialliaahiach. They took it with all its incont beam-, 1— with its neglected, uneducated anal poverty- Meieken inhabitants; but they have done nothing to im prove their condition—they have done nothing to increase the value of the voperty, or develop the rich mineral re. sosines which are known to exist in that part of the coun try. At the Spring Quarter Sessions for Clifden, they is- Instvl qr.:laicals fu► about 6,000 individuals. Now we dare say there is a gnat deal of exagge ration in this account. We also beer in mind that the Assurance Cunqrany mentioned had come into possession of the Ballinahinch property by no desire of its own, but as of the consequence of having lent money to an Irish landed proprietor. We must admit also that the duty of the managers of that insurance company is first and chiefly to consult the interests of their subscribers and of their company. But thu ejection of 6,000 individuals from one dis trict of a country one district of these islands, is a fearful thing; l'arful in the immediate amount of evil. pernicious in its result, that of irremediably depopulating the country. A Dublin journal, mentioning the circumstances, quotes the re marks made by the Times the other day to the purport that the Celts were dying out, and would be replaced by a more docile and serviceable race," a cruel and a dangerous word to drop from an Eng lish pen upon Irish ears. But in truth the Conne mani peasant is as docile and serviceable as race can be. He was not bitten by that pride or that hopo of a political millennium, which came in aid of landlord proscription to de populate the counties of Limerick and Cork. lle, poor creature, was ready to live and let live ; and yet we see him fall. Capital has not flowed into the country with new masters, and no effort is made to I enable him to bide over the evil time. When i his labour will be required, and we have no doubt it will ho so, the Connemara peasant will have gone. Eeplaecd by the English labourer he cannot be, so that capital will find no hands • to employ. As to a farmer or an owner of small property, we may ima gine how fast they must disappear from a country where thousands are flung upon the rates. This is a line of conduct and a state of things which demand something more than supineness on the part of government, or cold speculation on the part of journalists. We hold inquests upon indivi duals killed ; shall no inquest be held on the anni hilation of multitudes? IN the remarkable series of correspondence which has taken place on the subject of Aan.EL-KAnea and his imprisonment, wo are sorry to we that the PRI N a•Es comes off worst. Lord Los DON DERRY writes a spirited and noble appeal ; whilst the PRINCES, who take up the pen to cajole or revile him, indite as shabby and as vulgar a pair of epistles as can be well conceived. Lord LONDONDERRY'S letter is chivalric, but im- -.— politic. What being, except the MARQUIS himself, could have told a modern monarch or president, that " nut even the loss of more of his brave army in Algeria" ought to be put in comparison with his lair fame for generosity and truth. A more adroit ad vocate would have represented the unlikelihood of Anii-r.1.-Kstmes ever raising again the standard of resistance in Algeria. But to sta as a robability, and as one that Louts NAPOLE te ON ought p not to shrink from, the sacrifice of more French soldiers, am carrying into modem diplomacy a de gree of chivalry, which, we are sorry to say, is quite exploded on the wide continent of Europe. Thum is not one of the 33 millions of French, lot would laugh to scorn such an appeal, and s aorvel is that Louts Naroteoft himself passed k over without a rejoinder. There cannot be the least doubt that ARD-RL KAMM surrendered to one of the princes of the than reigning house of France on conditions; one of those conditions being, that he himself was to be tram ported to, and set at liberty in, some town of the Levant. Nor is there a doubt that the father of the young prince broke his son's solemn word, and kept Aso-EL-KADER a prisoner. The only pretext that could be alleged, was "the good of the state," that which has covered every meannessand every treachery, and which covered the forcing the Queen of SPAIN into a marriage she dis liked, against the solemn promise of King LOUIS PHILIPPE and his ministers to England. Bad faith hes stamped every great and signal act of the ORLEANS family, whilst upon the throne. They never achieved a triumph or acquired an advantage, but at the price of some treachery or some mean 'subterfuge. But we cannot say that the English have very clean hands. The mode in which they have treated Indian princes for even the last fifty years, which is even at this day continued, and brazened out, rather than e,e'nlained away—this leaves us small right to fling stones at French unscrupulosity, or even charge the }louse of ORLEANS with luring and decoying Oriental pricices to their ruin by faLsc conventions and deceitful precasts, We have no more right to send forth a preix chevalier to do battle for ABD-EL KADEI, than Fra..ice has to send General LAMORI CIERE to challenge' Sir Jesus WEIR HoGO or any other Anglo-Indian l eilitician for their conduct to the Niz.%M or the Rajah o; SATTARAII. Leudenholl-street w,. be a better match for Loris NAPOLEON and In . s war minister. As to the I answer of the PRESIDE:NI to the Mencius, there is something awkward on the face of it. Why negotiate with Turkey in the matter ? Why have recourse to the experieinv and weight of Gen. AUPICK, or the profound segue sty of the Marquis do LAVALETTE? Way it that the 7 might induce the Sevres to become the jailer of Anti-EL-KADER—te keep him in another Kotaya, seem e from interference with the Kabyles of Algeria? 'is quite evident that this was running in tt I'm:smuts head, whilst absolute freedom 11 'as the dream of the Meant:ls. The SULTAN .has a natural and honourable dislike to be jailer for any potentate, whether him of Austria or ut * France, and so has liberated Kossyrit, and refused to keep guard over Auto-EL-KADER. Here, no daub, `, was the obatack to Louts NaeotEoN's gratifying what he himself describes as " noble sentiments ,9* his sad." A Prince called upon to do an act of justie c, huma nity, and courage, and an act that he promise d to do, and who excuses himself by hinting at some o. 'studs to the noble sentiments of his heart, gives at once the measure of his sentiments and his addesse. But Loris NAI'oLEoN was after all hampered by political considerations, and was not his own master. Ile is in no position to " make sacrifices of more of the brave French army in Algeria" to his generosity or his point of honour. But what shall we say to the let ter of the Duke of NEMOURs, the head of the OR LEANs family, who writes a brief note to the Mortally l'oat, to declare what the Maine:is said to be calumny, but without offering the slightest argument or proof iu support of the deuegatiou. Is the DUISE a Pope, that we should take his word in contradiction of the facts of history ? The Duke of NEMoURS rebuts with hautenr,lle tellll us, the charges of the Marquis of LoNnoNneatcY. Could he nut condescend to rebut them with some arguments more conclusive and more rational, as well as with a sentiment more be coming his position and more suitable to his relation with the unfortunate Ewa ? And then the royal Duke charges in his turn the noble Marquis with a crime. lie has taken the part of ABO-EL-KADER, and shown how ill the French king, I.4)cts-PitturrE, behaved towards him, and yet the Meetly's has upon, some occasion partaken of Louts- Pitturres hospitality. The AIARQUIS was in vited to the Tuilenes, and dined there. He ate a bad dinner, we will be bound to say, and drank indifferent wine. But the ho nour ought to have closed the Mvinauts's mouth for ever, incapacitated him from doubting or express ing his doubts of the political honour of the ORLEANS, and sealed up every rising sentiment of pity for an exiled prince who happened to be an Arab. The culinary retort upon the NI elletels would have been more appropriate in the mouth of the chef' de cuisine of the house of ORLEANS than in that of its eldest son. It is pitiable. And it reminds us of an anecdote of the Duke of BORDEAUX, who, whilst making a copious breakfast, was surrounded by some courtiers and exiles, who bored him with their I.Pu/ices. Shaking off their lugubrious ad drcsocs, the prince fell once more upon the viands, and exclaimed in the midst of his mastication, Celt; 'outage. In this, at least, is comfort." (Prom the /Milt' News.) IT is singular that at the very moment at which the abolition of the newspaper stamp has been ren dered less probable by the report of the select com mittee to whom the subject was referred, the Board of Inland Revenue should have become more active in the construction and enforcement of the act under which a duty is levied upon advertisements. The very recent attempt to charge as advertise meats portions of the ordinary news contained in many newspapers under the heading of "arrivals and departures' will be within the recollection of our readers, and the correctness of the contrary construc tion of the law adopted and acted upon by us has, upon consideration in the proper quarter, been ad mitti3l, and the claim to the payment of duty been abandoned. We stated at that time that the au thorities at Somerset-house had laid down other rules of interpretation, wwhich were, in our opinion, of a very doubtful character, and that it might be desirable to bring to an early decision the real mean ing of the act, but we determined to wait until such roles of interpretation were again put forward by the board, before we entered upon the risk and cost of raising the question. The time has already come. In another column will be found "a remonstrance," extracted from the Hastings and Sr. Leonard. Neers, against the impo sition of four separate duties upon one advertise ment, and the doctrine laid down in that case is directly the reverse of that which wo believe to be the true and fair meaning of the act of parlia ment under which the duty is levied, and by which a tax of Is. lid. is imposed " for and in respect of every advertisement contained in or published with any gazette or other newspaper." In the case complained of by our contemporary, an individual in a country town hadbecome agent fur four different insurance companies. This is a very ordinary mode by which persons in the country seek to increase their incomes, and is the trade or wea -1 pation of such persons; but the whole value of the \appointment depends upon its notoriety in the dis trict. Such an individual, therefore, advertised the fact in the local paper, and because in this one adver tisement he stated that he was agent to these four insurance companies, the Board of Inland Revenue charges upon it six shillings, or, to use their own language, " four duties in consequence of it relating to four different Fire and Life Insurance offices, ' and as it refers to four distinct interests, the assessment in four duties is perfectly correct." Now, the fact is obvious that this one advertisement was inserted for the one sepa rate and specific interest, the advertiser, and to at tract to himself that business which would entitle him to commission. That the insurance offices would thereby gain an advantage is true, but only the same character of advantage which results to the whole sale hwise by the sale of the hats and coats which are advertised by a retail dealer, and the primary object here was the same as it is with every retail dealer, namely, the announcement of his business and of his wares. Now the position which we maintain is this, that the proprietors of newspapers are liable to the pay ment of Is. tid. in respect of each bona file advertisement which appears in their journals, and that more cannot legally bo demanded In respect of any advertisement which has reference to one individual or firm, or to several persons engaged in a joint adventure, and to the goods or property which they have for sale or disposal, or to the offices which such advertisers dis charge. It must at least be admitted that our view t THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 7, 1851. of the act is simple, and will effectually exclude all , the difficult and fine drawn distinctions which the Board of Inland Revenue now raise, and which render the law itself unintelligible and its adminis tration unjust; for, if the definition laid down by the secretary of the board be correct, it is easy to point to instances in every paper which are not noticed by the board, and which consequently render the tax unequal in its operation. In the full conviction that we are right, and with the determination to bring the question to a decision, we shall from this ' day forward act upon our opinion, and in our ad vertising columns will be found the first advertise ments which upon this principle we have received from house agents. The properties therein par ticularised may be the property of Mr. Cox himself or may not, but the advertisements are brought to us as these of one person, and of certain houses which he desires to sell or to let. It is not possible for any one to obtain information as to these houses by means of the advertisements, except through the party advertising, and there is not, therefore, any ground to suspect the bona files. of the party ad vertising or the unity of the interest; and we conceive that whether such a party choosiest to insert these properties in one paragraph—or in two, as in the present instance, or in many—a duty of Is. 6d. is payable in respect of each distinct notification sent for insertion in the newspaper. The question is, at all events,now fairly launched; and, until a judicial decision to the contrary be made, we shall not recede from it, and in so doing we con sult not merely the interest of ourselves, the press, and the public, but also of the government and of the Hoard of Inland Revenue. We quite acquit that board of any desire to administer vexatiously an oppressive law, and doubt not but that they be lieve that they are simply performing the duties which they are bound to discharge, and with refer ence to the government it will be very desirable that the real meaning and effect of the adsertisement duty act should be satisfactorily and finally determined and especially when the result of a decision adverse to that now entertained by the revenue authorities will probably fully compensate by the increased number of advertisements lor the less of duty upon each which it may entail. It may be remarked, in conclusion, that although the officers of the Stamp-office were unable to define to the select committee on newspaper stamps the meaning of the word "news" and the objects which it comprehended, the Secretary replied in answer to a question as to the desire of the board for more precise legislation, " We do not think any further legislation necessary, we have never our selves experienced any difficulty in determining what is a newspaper;" and in like manner the same party doubtless experiences as little difficulty in determin ing what is an advertisement, but that which is sport to him may be death to others. And as the arbitrary and uncertain meaning which has been affixed to the word "news " has been attended with severe injus tice and harshness so a mistaken interpretation of the word " advertisement " may be entailing a heavy pecuniary lose to very many persons, and, if the cost of such a step be inevitable, we feel that it is better at once to refer to the judges of the Court of Exchequer fur a judicial opinion upon the meaning of the word rather than that the present state of un certainty should continue. The Moniteur of the army now contains a me morandum from authority in the following terms: The minister at war only knew through the newspapers of the order of the day of Colonel de Garderens on leaving Diets. The formal expression of his dissetisfaction with it has not been delayed. According to this order it might be thought that the movements of troops were decided upon independently of the minister at war, in pusuance of pre knaves for which there can be no motive • it might be tkot‘ht that the government attributed a pa rticular value to certain corps in particular. These are two errors. The interests of the service always influence the movement of troops, and the minister at war knows that he can rely with equal confidence upon all the corps of the army for the defence of order and the laws. This is well as far as it goes, but you will observe that the tone of the reproach seems dictated by a desire to allay the jealous susceptibilities of other regiments, and in nowise blames the practice of familiarising the army with the idea of civil war as an occasion for distinguishing themselves. It is to be lamented, after the speeches breathing a similar spirit of General ()raison and the general command ing at Saumur, to which I lately called your atten tion, that the well-timed censure of the minister at war did not go a little further. In the letter of Lord Londonderry to the Morning Post, relative to Abd-el-Kader, he observed that he had been aided in his efforts by a noble personage of Paris. The Patric, which is opposed to the libera tion of the ex-Emir, in noticing this observation, asked Lord Londonderry if he was sure that the noble personage of whom he had spoken was° a Frenchman. This question has produced the follow ing letter from Count d'Orsay, addressed to the editor of the Patrie : Sir,—Your curiosity shall be satisfied. lam the person who so warmly interested myself fur the prisoner of Am !wise. I have always considered that his captivity was a stigma on France, and my only fear hiss been that the Emir, being in ill-health, might die before we had wiped it away from us. At the time of the accession of H. Louis Napoleon to the Presidency of the Republic my first idea was to request from him the release of Abd-el-Kaeler. lie felt with me that " the honour of France was engaged in it," and lamented to find in his cabinet of that time the same opposition that he meets with at present. Lord London derry, sir, is sure that I am a Frenchman ; he has seen me at work for nineteen years in England seeking to oblige my countrymen; and it is precisely because I sin a good Frenchman that I blush at teeing the national honour sa crificed to puerile considerations. France has loudly ex claimed against England fur keeping the Emperor Napo leon captive at St. Helena, and yet she dares to detain Ahd el-Kader a prisoner of war, forgetting that Napoleon was kept prisoner by the whole of Europe, and that the ex- Emir is detained by Entice alone, to whom he surrendered himself relying on her honour." _ _ A funeral u service in memory of Quecu lfortense was celebrated in the church of linen today. The President of the Republic and all his ministers were present. At the Bourse the Five per Cents. fell 3c., closing at !11-85; the Three per Cents. fell 20c., and closed at 56.10. Hallways were generally firm. OcvmEn 5. The fact which most strikes the traveller who re mains sonic time in France and at l'arisis, a certain shaMelcss brutality, with which anti-liberal and anti social principles, such as a few years ago were feund revolting alike to French sentiment, generosity, and good taste, are to-day confessed and even proclaimed. And here, let me not bo understood as speaking merely of the lower classes, of democrats and so cialists no, I speak of the hco+neles yeas, of the " good citizens" of the middle clashes, the readers of the attlititationnel and lijbats. But yesterday the jour nals reported a process before the Conseil de Guerre at Paris which places in a very clear light the social position of Paris and of France. A soldier in garri son at Paris went to visit his brother, a workman, ten years his senior. The soldier was invited to dine with his industrious brothir,eat of his bread, drink of his innocent wine, and when he left was offered a trifle of money to pay for his cabriolet to the barracks. Now the young soldier taking it into his head that he was degraded by this offer of money, to square the account commences fighting with his kinsman. A neighbour of the latter, who knew him as an honest and industrious man, vexed to see him ill-used, threw himself between the brothers, and administered to the soldier a box of the ear. The latter drew his bayonet, plunged it into the mouth of him who dealt the blow, and killed hint on the spot. The court-martial has just terminated the investi gation by simply acquitting the soldier-murderer. The same journal which yesterday contained an account of these proceedings and their detementent— a tale which, a few years ago, would have revolted the whole nation—to-day reprints with satisfaction an order of the day issued by a colonel to his regi ment, on its departure from Mote to go into garri son at Paris. This officer exclaims to his men : " Yes, soldiers ! we march as one man, and your colonel swears to lead the way, to unfurl the flag of order on the barricade of anarchy, as before we have unfurled it, surrounded by the dead and dying, in a storm of balls and grape, at the breach of Constantine, each man burning to avenge his brother, should he fall by the lead of the parricides of our beloved country." Such is the salutation with which a French colonel announces his arrival to the Parisians. The barricade of anarchy, the breach of Constantine, the demi-savages of the African desert, the workmen and thecitizens of Paris,itisall the same to this French officer. In his impatience he sees beforehand "the dead and dying, the showers of ball and grape," in the streets of Paris. This is horrible ; but what is yet more horrible is, that a large portion of French society is dead to the ter rible signs of social decadence and moral anarchy presented by an order of the day such as this. Anarchy is this and nothing else—the appeal to material force, to the musket and bayonet, as the sole arbiter of society. The thing remains just the same, whichever class of society resorts to this ma terial force; if the power of the state is compelled to rest on this alone, it is because it is desti tute of moral force, it is unable to role over the minds of the people, and for this reason it seeks to dominate by " hall; and grape," as says the coloneL But the self-same journal brings us yet another sign of the times in this same number of . yesterday. It is the statistics of the gendarmerie An France. This body of military police reckons no less than 23,134 men. Add to these the gendarmerie mobile, the republican guard, and tho sergents do ville, and you will have a military police for France amounting to nearly 50,000 men. And even the largeness of this force does not pre vent incessant affrays between the populace and the gendarmerie. On the contrary, these encounters were never so much the order of the day as now. And we find the very reason of this in the timid mood of the bourgeomee, with its representatives, and organs,who, without, perhaps, intending or even be ing conscious of what they do, excite soldiers and gendarmes against the workmen, and these in turn against the military. If a party of highwaymen rob some stray traveller, you may be sure to read in the Dthats and Constitufamnel of the day following that a citizen has been waylaid and robbid by democrats or socialists. Thus, is one half of society irritated against the other, and gendarmes and soldiery are taught to see in the workmen who favour democratic ideas nothing but vagabonds, robbers, and assassins. I think this observation of great importance with reference to the solution of next spring. I believe that from this cause the government will be able to count on the army in any case, should the blouses descend into the streets. I have great fears that this conviction, which seems to take possessio n of all who come into power, may lead N. eonFaucher and his friends to brave all France. They will say, " If there are clineutes so much the better, we shall have one chance the more, for every emeuk will find the soldier implacable, and after a victory in the streets of Paris, the government will have no more to fear." From all this I infer that very much will be dared,' for certainly in the present disposition of the citizens and the army those in power may venture more than ever government has ventured yet. There will , probably be attempts at resistance, which will end but in facilitating the projects of the actual govern ment. There is no position which may not be spoiled by measures precipitate and too bold ; it is, therefore, conceivable that the very favourable situation in I which those in power find themselves at this moment may lead them into mistakes. There is no minister more likely than M. Leon Faucher to make a too hasty advance ; but a man must take a deal of trouble to go so far wrong as to lose the advantages which the state of public feeling in France gives to Prince Louis Napoleon and his projects. Mrs. SHERWOOD, the anthorear , died rather sud denly at her residence, Yelecrtonilace, Twickenham, on Monday, the 22nd alt. This Teller, ole lady was in the 77th year of her age. GERMANY. FRANKFORT. Another leading and apparently semi-official arti cle, published in the Frankfort Journal of the sth inst., makes known the important fact that the Austrian cabinet has determined no longer to press at this time the desired incorporation of its non- German provinces into the confederation. The article runs as follows: The question of incorporation of all the provinces of the Austrian monarchy into the Germanic confederation has been discussed in diplomatic notes. We have published the communications of the envoys of France and Great Britain to the confederation, addressed to Count Thun, President of the Diet, and to which that assembly has not hitherto replied. This leads us to suppose that the confederation considers this affair in the same light as the attempts at in. tervention on the part of the governments of Great Britain and France when in 13:14 they protested against the occupation of the free city of Frankfort by Austrian and Prussian troops. These troops, in spite of the protests of the two powers guaranteeing the treaty of Vienna, remained at Frankfort until the confederation thought proper to FRANCE. rAkas, WIDNESDAT ETZIZSO. The views of parties are growing a little clearer. It is manifest that the parliamentary majority have dropped for the present all notion of either repealing or modifying the law of May. The .I . A4ato and assembler Aationale both contain decisive articles in favour of supporting it against all attacks, coming from whatever quarter. Ou the other hand, it is rumoured that the prefects have received instructions to conduct the elections of the Chamber according to the law of May, but that of the President according to the old lists of universal suffrage. I mention this report in consequence of the serious attention be stowed upon it by Girardin. The (Talon is very emphatic upon the necessity of fusion, and declares that the army cannot be held together by any of three rival interests singly. This argu ment is strikingly put in a long article, through which peers the hope of a legitimist eronuarionirato. The faith of General C'hangarnier is as enigmatical as ever. If he be determined to vote the proposition-Croton, as the Ifessayer and the Independence Beige boldly assert, it is difficult to see how he can become the candidate of fusion, the fusionists having determined to vote against that proposition. Yet his candidature as an Orleanist can only interfere witk that of the Prince do Joinville. Bi the way, you will observe in the foot-mil ik Frankfort a remarkable sort of semi-official manifesto of thC Northern Courts against the candidature of the Orleanist prince [this article appeared in our paper of yesterday], which is regarded as a wound to the monarchical principle throughout Europe. It is said in the same article that the northern courts must be upon their guard against France, where the revolutionary crisis is expected to last for many I years. No progress that I know of has been made in selecting a democratic candidature. It appears more and more probable that the name of Ledru Rollin will be put forward by the socialists; but it will not be supported by . the moderate republicans, notwithstanding the wish of the whole Left to unite in ono choice. I must not omit to mention that some doubt seems to be entertained whether M. Thicrs has really pledged I himself to support the candidature of the - Pnnee de Joinville; and the ,t4senibMe Nationak calls upon the Ordre distinctly to answer this question. The Berolution, new democratic journal of Paris, contains the following letter in favour of commemo rating the address of - Kossuth to the Marsellais : Citizen Editor,—llesirous of giving a mark of the deep sympathy of the French democracy with the nationalities which have been victims of royalty ; desirous of showing to oppressed peoples that the French people are entirely irres ponsible for the conduct pursued towards the hero of Hun gary; wishing to render the entire democracy joint ap plauders of the act and of the device of one of our bro thers who swam to the Mississippi to bear words of sym pathy to Louis Kossuth, we beg, in the name of a groat number of democrats, to propose to have a medal engraved commemorative of this action, by means of a popular sub scription, fined at 5 centimes.—Sidut et fraternal., L. Corez,is, DELAN DE, ALPHONSE OnaAex, AL. Bvissox. In quoting the address of Kossuth many of the conservative papers omit the passage relative to Louis Napoleon and M. Leon Faucher, from fear of prosecution. Of all the papers of the opposition the National is the only one which has ventured to speak out upon the subject of the minister's refusal to let Kossuth cross the territory of France. The Sieck says on the same subject : However friendly the government of Washington may be towards that of France, the former is not perhaps sorry at the contrast before the eyes of the world between its con duct and that of the g overnment of the French republic towards the greatest citizen of Hungary. Meanwhile it is certain that England is resolved to recompense by the moat solemn reception the repulse not less impolite than impo litic which has met liosiuth at Marseilles. Alreail the , papers of London begin to explain this by the superiority of their institutions to ours. Without conceding this point we grant without difficulty that their statesmen know better than our Bareches and Faucher' how to respect public opinion. After quoting from the Daily News the conduct of the French government in refusing M. Tranyi per mission to return to France in case he should visit Kossuth, it adds: It is for ministers to give explanations touching this charge and many others that are about to r sin down thickly upon them, the English press at last understanding, as it seems to U 9, that France has no occasion to knock down nor to lower the barrier which opposes the continuance of the glory and consideration which we h ave h a d t h e happiness— speakingin political phraseology—of enjoying in Europe during the last three years. The indiscreet seal of certain military orators has at length provoked a rebuke from authority, which is to be hoped may check the inflammatory bar rangues addressed to the soldiery by commanding officers, in which a bloody conflict with the people is represented to be imminent, and the troops are ex cited to shoot them down with unsparing hand. I Colonel do Garderens, the officer commanding the 6th regiment of the line, which has just arrived in Paris, lately published an order of the day, in which he told the soldiers that their regiment being sent for to Paris was a special mark of the confidence of the "Prince President," to whom ho (the colonel) had undertaken to pledge himself that every man could be implicitly relied upon. Ho went on to say that he was ready to answer for them upon his oath that if the demagogy should appear - behind bar ricades, they would follow him to the charge, and should he fall he exhorted them to avenge his death. withdraw them. We arc far from from finding a complete analogy between the case of NU and the plan under discussion in although we think that a defensive alliance may always be concluded without the necessity of obtaining the consent of a foreign power, were it even one of those guaranteeing a treaty which in the first instance restricted that alliance to a certain number of states. We arc, however, of opinion that the incorporation of all Austria's dominions does not imply the least danger to those foreign states which chiefly protest against that intention. Such a step as that in contemplation would impart to the Austrian monarchy that defensive character which is that of the whole Ger manic confederation. Is it poseible to find in this character— which deprives a great European power of all perspective of an aggressive war—is it possible to find in such an act a demonstration in the least hostile or even only unfavoura ble to any foreign power whatsoever. Such an act would, it seems to us, be the political conso lidation of a purely conservative principle, which declares that Austria renounces for ever a right which forms part of the attributes of a great power. The affair in question may be considered by the states of the Germanic confederation in a light totally different from that in which Austria views it. These states might find in it a preponderance unsuited to the purely German interests of the confederation, and the primitive character of that international alliance. But the two western powers will never be influenced by an alliance which declares that Austria aspires to no aggrandisement whatever. If, however, they fear this alliance, they thereby leave it to be under stood that they have afterthoughts incompatible with that conservativeness which should direct the cabinets of Europe if the desire were felt to prevent revolutionary principles from meeting with allies in these same cabinets. We do not believe that the incorporation of the whole Austrian monarchy can be effected in the interval of a day. This we believe still wore from the conviction that Austria will not obtain by the incorporat ion any advantages that shc would aot possess without it. This power, in order to put an end to the Sardinian invasion, did not require any alliance. And as for the Hungarian war every one knows that Russia, her faithful ally, did not belong to the Germanic confederation. Would it have been pos- sible for Prussia not to be guided in a similar rase by the conservative tendency, as opposed to revolutions which moved Russian troops into Hungary? The three northern powers are natural allies against revolution. They cannot refuse to afford Austria all the assistance she may require to check rcvolutio If they were unwilling so to do; they might find numerous loopholes through which to escape from a natural obligation, whatever might be tho relations existing between Austria and the confederation. Thus the political advantages which Austria might de rive from the project in question would not have the im portance which is sought in certain quarters to be given to it; for this reason we think that that power will reflect be fore taking a step which would impose upon it sacrifices and obligations uncompensated, and would give it no other guarantees than those already existent in the unvarying and strongly founded policy of the northern powers. However, as regards the protests of tae two western powers, we think that they will have little influence on a question which may be adjourned by internal considerations, but the solution of which will never be prevented by a foreign power if the Germanic confederacy is of one mind on the point. We have no mind to quote either Vatel or Grotitts, but we know that if the two western powers wished to support their notes by energetic demon strations in case all Austria entered the Germanic confede ration, they would make these demonstrations even were that step not in contemplation. Some pretext or other would soon be found for meddling in German affairs. It is for this reason that Germany should not take into consi deration the pretext at present alleged. I'ItUSSIA. A telegraphic despatch from Frankfort, published by the official Berlin Anzeiyer, states that the diet has taken a unanimous decision in favour of dissevering from the Germanic confederation the Prussian pro vinces incorporated in 1848. AUSTRIA. VIENNA, OCT. 3. A grand council sat yesterday in the Burg. The ministry and the members of the lteichsrath met at eleven o'clock, soon after which hour the Emperor himself appeared, and presided. His arrival took place, as expected, during the night of Wednesday. the deliberations lasted several hours; their import remains a secret, though they were doubtlessly weighty in the extreme. 'rho l'resee and other journals say that they turned upon certain proposals, made by Prince Schwarzcnburg and Baron Kubeek, on the possibility of granting a constitution and the laws it would render necessary. Archduke Albrecht has arrived in Vienna from Prague, having delivered up the civil and military command of that province to a temporary successor. He will leave for Pesth in a very few days. The official Gazette of Hungary mentions a rumour that the Emperor will probably visit that country before the winter. The new loan, like the proverbial " bad shilling," re turns again and again to notice. Yesterday, or the day before, the Minister of Finance confessed, in an official document, that his loan hud proved a failure. The official document to which I allude was an order on the bank to subscribe the ten or twelve millions which all the extortion, compulsions, intrigues, and promises of the past month have left him minus the desired amount. Notwithstanding the unusual ad vantages offered by the government, nearly 10 per cent. altogether ; notwithstanding the prolongation of the original period within which this great advantage would be continued; notwithstanding the very ample use of sham agents who have subscribed in Frank fort, Amsterdam, and London; notwithstanding the acknowledgment of the "domestic obligations" of the two Austrian provinces and of Styria—a measure which added ten million real subscriptions and other ten millions of state paper to the loan—Baron Kraus has at last forced himself to resort once more to his usual expedient of drawing upon the bank, and ho has ordered the bank to subscribe the amount want ing to make up the eighty-five millions. No matter by what means, or however unreal, the new loan is at least to appear to have been subscribed. What the finance minister will do when he has got his eighty-five millions must be a puzzle alike to himself as it is to the rest of the money world. With all the arrogance and daring which the government of Austria has displayed when it has had to deal with vanquished opponents or crushed subjects, the want of real cou rage is displayed in the matter of this loan. To all intents and purposes it has not been a voluntary but a forced loan. _Former letters have described in de- tail the methods which the authorities have pursued I in order to obtain subscriptions. The involuntary subscriptions they extracted, however, solely from the humbler money-boxes of the small merchant and citizen. Baron Kraus has not ventured upon such measures with the princes and nobles of the empire. Nothing is known of subscriptions having been made by the Esterhazys, Lichtensteins, Lobkowitz, or others of the nobility whose wealth is known to be enormous. Baron Kraus preys only upon the pros trate, who depend for their existence upon the main tenance of police favour. Archduke Maximilian d'Este, whose fortune is believed to be greater than that of any other man in the Austrian dominions, would have done more to re-establish the financial credit of the empire by subscribing five or six millions, than the ten compulsorily extorted from the bank. Since the 9th of September sixty-eight persons have died from cholera in Brant' and its faubourgs. Brtinn is the seat of government for Moravia. Baron Mcyendorf, the ambassador of the court of St. Petersburg, has returned to Vienna from Hun gary, into the condition of which country he is said to have been making close inquiries, in obedience to orders received from the Czar himself. Very little authentic information has been re ceived of the fortunes of the German immigrants into Hungary. From the meagre details which news. paper columns occasionally furnish, the conclusion is forced upon the reader, that the various colonisiLion schemes have not turned out well. Respecting ono of these societies, which bears the name of its pro. motcr, Ehrenberg, letters from Tokay give a most deplorable picture. The promoter and Ins followers are said to be nearly ruined. The Hungarian pea sant treats the immigrants with contempt and dis dain, calls them " bankrupt Germans," and tells them to "go home." With this example before their eyes, and very little prospect of improvement in the general condition of Hungary, the formation if other companies ought to be difficult in the extreme. An enterprising individual, named Reichenbach, is ac tively, and us yet successfully, engaged in organising another emigration company. Field-Marshal Prince Windischgratz's history of the first Hungarian campaign is in print, and will be published is a few days. A railway is planned to connect Pesth with Lem berg. It will have to cross the Caipathians at Dukla, where engineering difficulties nearly equal to those on the Sionmering will have to he met. The government is said to have sanctioned the plan. Great activity prevails in the naval arsenal at Venice. No less than 1,500 workmen are in daily employ. Several vessels, commenced by the ex-re public, arc being continued by the imperial govern ment; among them arc a huge corvette and two steamers. A frigate, a sister ship to the Novara, lately launched, is also on the stocks. Rich coal mines have been discovered in Upper Styria. The great telegraphic conference of deputies from each of the states belonging to the Austo-German Telegraphic Union has commenced its sittings; but nothing beyond formal business has as yet been transacted. The Austro-German Telegraphic Union was established in the month of July, MA for the purpose of uniting the several lines of telegraph in the different states of Germany, and making them without difficulty available at moderate expense to tho inhabitants of all. I have not a list of the states who have joined it, but I believe that few out of tho thirty-four arc wanting. Union and combination, for the purpose of promoting the material welfare of Germany, have until late years been so very rare or little advantage taken of those which did exist, that very great credit indeed is due to the establishment of postal, railway, and telegraphic unions. The re sults of these unions, under other circumstances, under other governments, would display in bril liant relief the disadvantages of artificial isola tion. Meddling aid impeding as is the prac tice of all the governments of Germany in means of communication, their union has done good, and may in future do still more. At present, however, the advantages which the increased rapi dity of communication obtained by their union affords are confined, so far as newspapers are concerned, to the transmission of the closing prices of funds. Political intelligence of importance is classed under the head of " dangerous communications if false, the telegraph officials refuse to for ward it'; and if true and unpleasant to the govern ment, the forwarder is likely to meet the attention of a court-martial ; or if a foreigner, to be expedited beyond the frontier with the least delay. I am surprised that the telegraph is allowed to commu nicate the closing prices of the funds, as this infor mation must interfere most disadvantageously with many of the hazardous financial speculations upon which Baron Kraus so frequently ventures. Under these circumstances it is still more sur prising to learn that this government intend at the conference to submit plans for a great reduction in the prices of telegraph communications, and an in crease in the number of places to which messages can be sent. It is proposed to establish a bureau at each post-office. This government further proposes to send every despatch in future direct to its desti nation, without the use of the intermediate stations. Direct telegraphic communication would thus be es tablished between Trieste and Ostend. At present the despatches are transmitted from Trieste to Vienna, from Vienna to Berlin, and thence through several intermediate stations to Cologne. Baron Jellachich is in Vienna. THE UNITED STATES. ARRIVAL OF THE STEAM-SHIP NIAGARA. A summary of the following appeared in part of our impression yesterday : On Monday morning, at 7 o'clock, the British and North American Royal Mail steam-ship Niagara, Capt. Stone, arrived in the Mersey from New York direct, with letters and 'tapers to the 2.lth ult. inclu sive, having left that port on that day at noon with 61 passengers, about 4744,000 dollars in specie, and the usual mails front the United States and British America. The Royal Mail steam-ship Africa, Capt. Ityrie, arrived out at New York at 7 o'clock on the morn ing of the 21th, and on the 27th, at -1 p.m., in lat. 43.22 and lon. 39.35, the Niagara passed the screw steamer Glasgow standing westward. Kinkel, the eminent German poet and patriot, has arrived at New York by the Pacific, and will be some two mouths in the country. Ho looks well, having entirely recovered from the effects of imprisonment in a Prussian penitentiary. He is in the United States in connexion with the operations of the Ger man revolutionists, with a view especially to interest his countrymen here in the efforts making to redeem their fatherland, and to procure from them contribu tions in aid of that work. With regret we announce the suspension of Messrs. Thompson and Co., the most extensive carpet manufacturers in this country, and Messrs. F. S. and D. Lathrop, extensive jobbers of dry goods. The latter aro reported to be indorsers on the paper of the former to the amount of 300,000 dollars, and forced to suspension by this fact, and not by their business proper. Messrs. Brown (Brown, Brothers, and Co.) and Hicks (Hicks and Co.) arc assignees of Messrs. Thompson and Co. Two very large manu facturing concerns at Tariffville and Thompsonvillo, Connecticut, are connected with this house, and it is not yet known if these companies will suspend pay ment in consequence of the above failure. The lia bilities cannot be far from a million of dollars, scat tered among the banks, shavers of notes, and wool dealers. Our correspondent writes as follows— NEW YORK, SEPT. 24. Since my last, the Chagres steamers, Illinois and Brother Jonathan, which, through stress of weather, put into southern ports, have arrived here, and the Cherokee also came in yesterday, having touched at Kingston. Our regular dates from San Francisco are to the 16th ult., one day later only than those we have before received. The following is a resume of tho California news. The vigilance committee, who hung a few rascals not long since because the courts allowed them to escape punishment, have assumed in conse quence of the goddess Justice having taken the band age off her eyes, merely the duties of an escort. They now act in conformity with the law, and as a police force. Quiet has been restored, and crime has sensibly diminished. The miners have done uncom monly well during the present season, and a very large number will return to the United States this winter, satisfied with their gains. The quartz rock continues to prove prolific, and it is computed that 60 millions of gold dust may be expected annually from California during the present generation at least. Nor is this all. Lower California is now said to be richer than Upper California, and it is v ry certain that very important discoveries of gold are there being constantly made. The miners were never in such good spirits as they are now. San Francisco is already rebuilt with substantial buildings. The merchants are overstocked, however, with goods. Labour continues very high, and industrious men do as well as ever. So many, however, desire to live by their wits, that labour is not so much in fashion I sa it should be. The difficulties with the wandering Indian tribes are nearly all settled. Our South American news from the western side, items of which were communicated to you in my last, was brought, it seems, to Panama by the Isteamer North America. She was 22 days 22 hours in running from New York to Rio Janeiro. Sho ran through the Straits of Magellan in one day and wen hours, in spite of " wind and weather." Her trip from Rio to Valparaiso occupied 16 days four hours and a half, and from Valparaiso to Panama, 10 'days one hour. Making allowance for 10 days' de 1