The Express. — London, England, 1852-08-03 00:00:00

p --- ROFESSOIt l'illidl'ltATT to Mr. ALLSOPP. ~. ••1 arm berth ly analpenl ..ampbo. to( y...r Ali aad Ihrll • We ibry do Our evat•ian • particle IA ar.y. teptrlt.tat.ututawes. la. 41 ley tautly It.we wird tear Ake be )ews, at u • NI perfect candlaree . IN their pen T. 1 I nub that Yale Ale, rt,para as In )• ur brew. ry, ..„I„, ,d,., lib, auttelllarae.„ totaltsa • hare Tummy a 1111111{ 1:4 , 4441“; .4.1t64 bp, by . Ind • pa•prrtirs, rye. 4 6.llthi tare t., i Ye as i .A. ...11 , RID QI Ilt*Sl'ltA I' Y, Y.lt s.E., ~ 11. tuber . f the Iteyal Ili..tt Aeallt my, .. And .4 la socl6'.e u'Eneuu.apra,..t. "Cod ire of t`Semlatry, I..rerirse." Arte.LLSOPI":4 PALE or BITTER ALE may be 1. 414.rtr.d In aok. of Ia plke. as I upward.. fray the Welt. e., ....taTrtitt; and to As badereenticord branch EArbiteb• MY: . ..... . _. ... _... .---. 1.074 POI.. . L1Ve.1.14 KM, N %Stilt:4l%R at las k•p•aer. DU ' , LET OI.t•GOW et Ili, et. Vineeseretreet. DU ItLI ?4 Hlltlathollall at Neeket hall. RI either of alga' pleats a Rat If tenure Labia rattles .an tarp!, Ike Isar hi batiks oatol alma Is sub at the ram prLros us hum the Illemey) sag a mg ems be nes. erprego. TO CURIINSPON DENTS. • *Nord TARP/a rr" iM Estwerr, FYI. .0 ot • fans, ty• ni. "C 5.444., 1. 1....41.111,11 t.oI) I.X•da; ~ I tiluay wligtht, t^ flu Ut powir, binltlorlePoiSliliffelfa wr "11 , 0 l'apreer,” Lee H r hr,witift ;sp. r, Mum fr N the 1 , 1,, IP, Poseerie•stinilet, Two o'oiort ttr day 0041.1ti01,. Willa WAIF: It AT 1.01%1.0N BRI DON TIM DAT...Moflnlat, N. • e.. Minnow, 41. 2142. T .w.rsow 4...4:. Ab 4 guava.. U. 330. LONDON, TUESDAY, AO: rsT 3. Tux American journals appear to have some doubts whither their Minister at this Court has, or has not, tendered his resignation. There is, how ever, no room for doubt on the subject ; for it has been sonic time known on this aide the Atlantic that Mr. I. vISRENCE terminates his mission to England in the .ttourse of the autumn. Ilis present arrange ments, it is understood, will curry him home in the first weak in October, when Mr. 11 ells will assume charge of the United States Ministry in England. Mr. LAWRENCE'S resignation has not, it is pretty certain, been ',reduced by any differences of opinion with, or any loss of confidence in him by, his own government, but is owing solely to private and family considerations. During his residence here, there have not, indeed, arisen any very difficult or embarrassing questions b. tween the two countries requiring great diplomatic skill or abilities; and the main points of discussion, such as they were, here been conducted not in London, but at %Vashington. Mr. LAWRENCE'S 11111sWitS1 here has not, however, been the leas sub stantially useful and serviceable, because he has not been a eery triquent visitor to Ilowning•street, or made any great addition to the archives of his embassy. There are other than diplomatic duties or state benefits which an American minister In London can perform, and those Mr. LAWRENCE has been eminently successful in. Mr. L ewaxxer, during his residence in London, has entered much more largely into society than it has been in the power of moat of his predecessors to do. Possessed of very ample means, he has placed the social representation of the American Republic on • level with that of any European monarch, even when their ministers were more bril liantly endowed and more socially inclined, than they have been during the last four years; for since February, Delft, European diplomacy in Lon don has, to speak the truth, been rather sulky and recluse. And thus the greater distinction of the Ame rican mission in the handsel Mr. L.‘WRENCE has not been without its use. It has disabused fashionable life in London of many false impressions as to American manners, habits, and refinement; and it has; opened up to hie fellow citizens visiting Europe social opportunities in London which they had always before enjoyed in a much greater degree. in Paris. From this • mutual ad vantage has sprung. For what both English and Americans chiefly need is, to know each other better and more intimately in our domestic relations. And now that distance across the Atlantic is nearly annihilated, and the stream of English travel and vacation excursion has fairly set in in that direction, in return we may hereafter hope for large additions to our London seasons from the great cities of the American seaboard. To promote better acquaintance and higher esteem and re and fur each other, one thing is especially needful, and it is, that diplomacy and state craft do not involve the two countnes in disputes, and jea lousies, and rivalries. For men's passions, and preju dices, and antipathies are easily excited, and respond to the acts and pretensions of their governments—a fact painfully illustrated by the consequences of the Caroline controversy and the New Brunswick boundary question. During those disputes, and also whilst the right of visit and the Oregon boundary were matters of difference between the two governments, the feelings of the people of either country were exasperated against the other; pensions ran high; crimiaations and recriminations, and accuse tions of ambitious and hostile designs were freely interchanged, until friendship seemed ruptured and peace almost endangered. Bat those irritating ques tions settled and arranged, we have since gone on with increasing sentiments of esteem and regard— our commerce rapidly extending—our material rela tions more and more confirmed—our intercourse more and more intimate—until, in the present state of Europe, the United States have learnt a jester ap preciation of the English constitution and English society, and we to regard our transatlantic brethren as our surest allies in case of need. For much of this improved feeling—for the great improvement after all is in feeling—we are in debted to the wise and liberal policy of the late go vernment represented in a congenial spirit at Wash ington by Sir HENRY BeLwen, and there re ciprocated by Mr. FILLMORE and Mr. WEBSTER. And it is not one of the least significant results of a change of ministers here, that, whilst Lord DERBY and his colleages are, in their desire to receive sup port from European despotism, willing to submit to insult and injury, one of their very first acts across the Atlantic involves the exasperation of the American people and the resentment of the American government. Abandoning protection at home, Sir JOHN I'AKINO- Tux and the Duke of NORTHUMBERLAND are, it seems, resolved to indulge themselves with protec tion on the coast of British North America. Thither they have sent a small squadron to drive away United States fishermen and to preserve a monopoly of the take to the leas skilful and venturesome fishers of Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. It may possibly be that, under the treaty of 1818, the American boatahave no right to come within three miles of the most ex treme headland of those coasts. Mr. WensTER, however, asserts they have; for the last twenty , years they have fished far within those limits; and so one who reeds the text of the stipulation can, we think, feel that the right of exclusion beyond three miles from the headlands of the interior indents of the coast is very clearly ours. For, adopt Sir Joffe Peetfrofoe'm view, and the Americans are substan tively excluded from the whole fishing; and that was a lode, we may be pretty sure, they would not have consented to, even so long ago as 11 , 118. But, without entering into an examination of the language of the treaty, or expressing a decided opinion whether Sir Joffe PAKINGTHN or Mr. Wee• versa be wrong in its interpretation, there can bs no earthly doubt of the indiscretion of raising this question at the resent juncture,—of risk ing a quarrel with the United States about a declining fishery, and of playing into the hands of the despots of Europe by alienating the kindly feelings of the American people towards England. To do this is treason against our hest interests. The North American fisheries are declining in importance, because civilised men are leaving off the consumption of suit fish. The emancipation of negro slaves in the West Indies opened up to the free-coloured population better and more nutritious food; under constitutional government in the Penin sula, the severities and austerities of the Homan catholic church have lessened; and not even Tree- tarianistn at home can largely increase the de mand for indige•Gle cod fish salted on the banks of Newfoundland. Nevertheless the Deeee Admi• nistration is going to try what monopoly and bounties can do ! And in its Quixotic device to re gain a trade, the importance of which can never be restored, they mean to push the language of an obsolete treaty to extremes, and risk the rupture of a good understanding with the United States. Great men! Profound statesmen ! They throw the influences of England into the scales of despotism in Europe; they roam the hatred of the catholic' in Ireland ; and across the Atlantic they i exasperate and ',mite the resentment of a Itc. public twenty millions strong. Thus gradually and slowly, but surely and fatally, the coma queue:es of Tor) eon in the councils thu Crown appear : and when in October Mr. LAWI:ENC6 returns to-Wash ington, he will have little good to tell of England. For by • few sentences Sir Joni PAKINOTON has imperilled the good effects of all the American NI Mist: es brilliant receptions. Surely the Tories (la not wish to provoke quarrels abroad for the sake of stopping political progress at home ? WE have now every promise of a most abundant harvest. 'f hough the difficulties that farmers experi enced during the period of transition from a protected to au open trade have beet much exaggerated, and have lscn too readily attributed to the repeal of the corn laws, there is no denying that they have had to enc unter sonic pressure. True it that most part of their difficulties have arisen from erroneous calculations of their own,—such as undertaking more land than their available mewls enabled them to cultivate properly,—or engaging to pay too much rent,—or submitting to burthens imposed by their landlords, thus rendering stweesful farming mell-nigh impossible. These things caused a fall in prices which affected them somewhat severely. Now, however, a turning point has been reached; plain, broad, level, and safe, whence any farmer, who knows how to conduct his concerns prudently, and has them well in hand, may fairly hope to start fur a successful journey. Various concurring causes, besides the loss of Protection, have for two or three years last past rendered the prices of most kinds of agricultural produce too low to be very remunerative, according to the actual system of husbandry in use amongst our average farmers. That the best farmers would soon adapt their management even to such prices, had they become permanent, wo have no doubt ; but looking to the large class of farmers whose manage ment is far from good, it cannot be otherwise than r satisfactory to see prices rec.°, ering fionr theircxtreme depression. That such is the case there is much con current u.stimony to show. There was for a long time a feeling amongst all the dealers and others accustomed to make considerable purchases of agri cultural produce, either to resell or for the purpose of manufacturing, that it was unsafe to operate largely, because they could form no opinion where the lowest point of depression in prices would bo reached, or when the reaction would commence. Slowly, however, and gradually that feel ing has subsided, and commodities have come I in succession again to be objects of healthy and legitimate trading speculation. And this slow and gradual recovery in the tone of the various markets fur agricultural products, forms perhaps the surest guarantee that it is sound and will be lasting. And it is curious to note how the Protectionist Ministry find Californian: and other reasons for this recovery, and—now allelectioneering purposes have been served—how quietly they drop all their lugubrious predictions of agricultural ruin. It is worth while to trace the course and p of this recovery. First, it occurred in wool. roCoin cidently wish the repeal of the cora laws our woollen manufactures became busy and prosperous, and soon afterwards a considerable export trade in our long combing wools commenced, which still continues. An eminent firm of wool brokers in Liverpool, in their circular in the present year, told us that there had been an improved demand for combing wools at advanced prices ; that since the revival of confidence in France there has been an extraordinary demand tor wool of this description, and that holders were very exorbitant in their demands. And in another part of the same circular it was said that the demand throughout the post year had been of a legiti emat character, free from speculation. and that consumption has been very large. So again they observed that the position of the wool trade was never mom sound, and that future prospects were highly promising. The only fear then ex pressed was that the colonial supplies being likely to be short, the stocks of home wools would fall short before the new clip, and that prices might be forced up to a point which would render caution necessary. Now, that was the language of the brokers and manu facturing consumers of wool, and though it might indicate the necessity of caution and circumspection to the woollen manufacturers, to the British wool growers it spoke most hopefullj, telling of a cheerful trade and rising prices. Since that circular was issued, the wool trade has gone more and more favourably to the British wool growers. There has been none of that failure of colonial supplies that was apprehended, and at all the recent fairs and markets for wool, buyers are numerous, and prices satisfac tory. Thus recently at Aylesbury a lot of teg wool sold for 35e. per tod, and still higher prices were given at Thetford wool fair. The price of wool, then, which has been better sustained fur the last three years than that of any other portion of the farmer's produce, is now sellin,t at most remunerat ing prices. From wool to mutton the transition is natural. For more than a year past, store sheep have been selling well, and it is matter of common observation with farmers that their flocks have carried them through the Free-trade transi tion. Recently, fat sheep have been selling at rates which are confessedly remunera tive," though not high. -Here then wo find that the breeding flock, the mutton and thi wool of the farmer have again become to him what he was ac customed (and justly so) to consider them, sources of a safe and steady direct profit. Nor is that all, for the corn grower deems his flock his right arm, in fer tilising his land for grain crops; and thus while every intelligent tanner will naturally strain every nerve to increase his stock of sheep for the sake of the direct profit they now afford him, he will thereby be adopting the most certain means of increasing his acreable produce of corn. The magnificent appearance of all the growing grain crops of all sorts in most parts of the country puts to shame the still muttered complaints of the agriculturists; and puts to shame the would-if-they • could-be Protectionist schemes of the Derby-Disraeli schemers. Again, two years ago the prices of barley and pulse were extremely low; but from that point there has been a gradual recovery, until for some time past, as at present, barley, beans and peas have sold for prices of which no reasonably active grower can com plain. ►)ats also give a fair return to those farmers who grow them for sale. And lastly, there has been a movement in the two heaviest articles of the farmer's produce, his beef and hie wheat. These articles have been the most depressed, and the most exposed to foreign competition. Even the melan choly Mark-lane Express tardily admitted an im provement in these particulars. The Great Christmas Cattle Market at Smithfield, where in 1850 beef was well nigh unsaleable, last Christmas proved quite beyond the farmer's expectations, and from that period no reasonable ground for complaint about prices has existed. And the considerable improve ment in the prices of store and breeding cattle, which had preceded the long looked for advance in the fat cattle markets, still continues. And let us note the significant fact, that the importations of Peruvian guano for the first ten months of the year 1831 amounted to 182,893 tons against 93,004 im ported during the corresponding period of 18.50. This proves that farmers are making extra exertions to increase their produce. Moreover, it is stated that the breadth of land under wheat culture in the midland, eastern, and northern counties, is greater this season than ever. This is in part to be attributed to the fine dry autumn, but more to im proved husbandry, and to the belief generally enter tained by farmers that wheat will for some time to come sell for more money than it has of late realised. And with such crops as their fields now carry they may well be contest with the reasonable and natural prier a our markets afford. NOVEL CASE. —The law court. are likely soon to be engaged ie the trial of • somewhat novel cue. Mr. Griffin, an E•gliah engineer, who has been employed for the last two or three months superintending the laying down of the submarine telegraph between the coast of Wigtoernshire and the opposite coast of Ireland, was in the habit of attending the parish church of Streamer, with some of his female friends. Mr. Simpson, the parochial m,ni•ter, thought, however, that the conduct of this gen tleman during the oeriod of divine sea vice was nut quite suited to the solemn occasion, and one day before the ser vice e qumenced, he referred to the subject, at the some time warning the gentlemen that if there was a repetition of this conduct he would consider it his duty to direct the church officers to espel him. Mr. Griffin, as might be ex pected, was not a little annoyed at this public rebuke, and he has commenced an action against Mr. Simpson in the Court of Session for defamation. The damages are laid at 4001. Greenock Advertiser. FRANCE. • eAlt/13, MONDAY Evaitiao. The promotions, nominations, and dismissals of councillors of state recorded in the Muniti us• yester day hays revived the painful sensation produced by the confiscation of the Oltenia properly. Nulting can better illustrate the complete subjugation ut the Paris press than the uriversal silence concerning the changes of which the motive is so notorious. here we have four upright, able, conscientious men turned out of the Comical of State, three of them without the least compeinuition for their loss of income, utat the fourth, M. Girucul, degraded to the insignificant position of inspector of instruction, in which he re ceives less thou a fourth part of his former salary, and all for what ? For voting according to their conscience, and in favour of the law on the question a competence of the tribunals, in matters touching the Orleans domains. On the other hand, we see promoted and enriched three councillors of state who voted on this question in fa vour of the government. General Allard, M. Vuil lefroy and M. lioudet are made presidents of see tious, with an increased salary amounting to BOW francs, while MM. Alaillard, Cornudet, and Beier chon, ore shorn of every sixpence of income they possess. I pass over the conclusions suggested by this act to the nature of the power which at present sways the destinies of France. Ages ago sovereigns possessed of a much wider sweep of dominion, and who pursued their political objects with terrible and inexorable consistence, were awed by the public opinion of Europe, anti perhaps by something higher and deeper ' and forewent their prey. By such feel ings was Charles V. impelled to relieve Luther with • safe conduct at Worms. It would be easy to pick from the history of France' a hundred similar instances, and still more examples of chivalry in her rulers than of justice and upright ness. It was reserved for our day to witness in the centre of civilisation u systematic persecution of con science and independence, made more revolting by the recompense of servility, while not a single voice was lifted to vindicate the principles of honour and humanity. Meanwhile we are enabled, by thole first dismissals of councillors of state, to form some sort of judgement of the amount of independence that will be left in that body by the successive processes of exhaustion, whenever the will of the supreme power is disputed. Well did Montalembert say that the public would be led by degrees to compare the res pective titles to confidence of a body that was paid and removable, and of a body that was elected by the people and unsalaried by the state. But that a former minister of Louis Philippe, distinguished moreover by high intellectual gifts, like M. Persil, should choose such a moment for becoming a satellite of power, appears incredible. The AssellibMe says on this subject : We confine ourselves to the pub.leation of the decree contained in this morning's 31onileur and which strikes several councillors of state with diimissal. We will say noth.ng, and everybody wiil understand the reasons which command our silence. Besides, there are acts eitueli have no need of comment to be understood and appreciated. M. l'rnudhon has been making efforts to remove the interdiction of the Minister of Police against the publication of his new work. Ile first called upon Nus, an officer in the ministry of police, whose province it is to investigate such matters. M. Nus told him that the minister was resolved not to allow a work to appear in which the Prince !'resident was compared to antichrist, and the clergy attacked with extreme audacity. l'roudhon then wrote to Louis Napoleon himself, but, finding no one at the Elyse.° who would deliver his letter, he was compelled to confide it to the post-office. The postscript of the letter is to this effect: Your police, M. le Presideat, is so well done that I have not been able to accompany this letter with a copy of the work which I announce to you. My publi.her, of whom 1 asked a copy fur you answered that the prohitnt.on was so absolute as to adroit of no exception. If, however, you should desire to read my book, perhaps the minishr of police will allow a copy to be sent you. Proudhon states that in this book ho has thoroughly examined tho situation of the govern ment, and of all political parties. None of these parties know why they exist, whence they come, or whither they go. Ile informs them. He is rather severe upon all, but the truths which he does not spare may be useful. lie tells tho vanquished why they fell, and how they may recover themselves. He explains to the conquerors the reasons of their suc cess, and points out the course which will lead to their ruin. He is not more indulgent to the l're sident than to the rod. That the l'rince has done some good things he admits. Throughout he calls u spade a spade. Authors do not know whether they are free to express their thoughts or not, and he has determined to ascertain the fact. On its being remarked that the expenment might lead to his exile or to his being again imprisoned, he replied that he knew that, and was ready. I understand that if M. l'roudhon cannorobtain the revocation of the in junction against this book, he has determined to go abroad and publish it elsewhere. Since wilting the above, I have heard that M. Proudhon's appeal to Louis Napoleon on behalf of his book has been suc cessful, and that the President has himself ordered the removal of the injunction which restrained its publication. It is said that it will appear to morrow. _ Some of the prefects will soon find themselves in en embarassing position, owing to their en to I issue " warnings " against newspaper s . e lti l have but two of these bolts, which, regardless oft e pro verb, they shoot away with such heedless prodigality. The two warnings given, they must either shut their eyes to subsequent offence*, or resort to the extreme measure of suppressing the newspaper. But it re mains to bo seen whether the central government could, with any show of decency, countenance the destruction of valuable property upon the trivial grounds which stimulate the - local authorities to action. A journal of the Dordogne lately con tained some stiicturee upon the late M. Dupont, who was killed in a duel, which called forth a letter from M. Paul Dupont, a member of the Corps Legialatif, in defence of his brother's memory. This letter, published in the Echo de Vesone, quoted some old correspondence be tween M. P. Dupont and M. Calormont, now prefect of the Dordogne. The publication produced a warn ing to the journal, upon the ground that it mixed up the name of the prefect in a newspaper quarrel, by means of shreds of correspondence of old date, the which was a complete forgetfulness of propriety,such as it became the duty of the authorities to notice and blame. Even the Pays protests against this, as a novel interpretation of the law upon the press. The Courrier de Verdun has received a warning from the prefect of the Meuse, for printing a letter addressed to the sub•prefect, without having obtained his per mission. A small number of republicans lately held an elec toral meeting at Neubourg (Euro). Ile chair was taken by M. Dupont (do l'Eure). It was resolved that the old democratic members of the council general should come forward again, and that, if re elected, they should take the " required oath." In order to appreciate the import of this resolution, it is necessary to bear in mind that the political oath, as understood by many Frenchmen, is a very trifling matter. They consider it, at beet, as binding only so long as convenient. It is a promise from which they can at any time release their consciences, by dropping a note of retractation into the wet-office. The " withdrawal" of an oath is no new practice, but ono for which many precedents are to bo found in the history of the first revolution. The electioneering news consists chiefly of fresh instances of the activity of the prefects. M. Lan cosme-lieves, mayor of the commune of Vendceuvies (Indre), her been suspended from his functions by the prefect of the department, for announcing in two circulars, which had been made public, that he was the candidate of the government to the council- general of the canton of Bunnell* a state ment which was calculated to lessen the con- fidence duo to official publications. Baron de Bry, the prefect of the Coto d'Or, protests against certain manoeuvres on the part of men who, forgetful of the clemency extended to them, after Dec. 2, dare to come forward as opposition candidates. The prefect of the Indre and Loire 501)- 1 ports the government candidates by reminding the elector* that the organic decree of Feb. 2, 1852,1 punishes with fine and imprisonment all persons who by the aid of false news, calumnious reports, or other fraudulent manceuvres, shall obtain votes by surprise, or induce electors to abstain from voting. The pre- 1 feet of the Haute Vienne, with unanswerable logic, calls upon the constituency to vote for the candidates recommended by him, because he is their natural guide, who will only recommend persons worthy of their choice. The Charentais of Angoulhie inserts THE EXPRESS, TUESD t Y EVENING, AUGUST 3. 1852 an official article from the prefect calling upon all mayors is the department to put a stop, in the moat 4 , duvet and energetic," tnanner to canvassing in favour of men of extreme opinions, who have already refused the oath of fidelity to the elect of the nation. The provincial journals of the departments near Paris state that the abstentions are very numerous. !At Lille a marked indisposition to vote has been ob i served. M. Lamm-tine hu addressed the following letter to the Journal de Saone and Loire : Bt. Point, July 2S. I learn, in my retirement, th.,t a certain number of the Hectors h re the obliging intention of proposing my name at the approaching • lection of the council-general. Will you be good enou4h to make known through your Journal my intention nut to accept their suffrages, and my grati tude for their flattering remembrance of me. Lgnarerinc . . Government accounts to 6 o'clock this evening state that the results of the elections of councillors-gene ral and councidors of arrondissement in several platys have been received. he government candi dates have, generally speaking, obtained enormous majorities, In some instances, however, where there was no opposition, the elections have failed for want of the legal number of votes. In these cases a fresh ballot must be had next Sunday. Among the most prominent names of eouncillora-general electe I aro General Itoguet, principal aide-dc camp to the I're sident of the Republic, in the Haute Garonne; Ge neral Magnan, in the Bits Itin ; and M. Daviel, at Rouen. The municipal council have contracted with MM. Ardouin and Co. for the opening of the new Rue de Strasbourg. The expense of the works will be 7,750,0001 i., of which one-third is to be paid by the state. The scaffolding for M. Nieuerkerke's statue of the Empe►or, at Itond-Point, in the Champs-Elysees, is in the course of erection. The works for con verting the Marchii ch.% lunocens into an immense ball-room, for the Jae of the ntli, have also cora -1 menccd. 1 Mdllc. de Praslin, one of the daughters of the late Duke do Prinslin, has just married Count d e Reber- Bart, of Mons; and one of her sisters is, it aaid,about to marry a young Count de Montalembert, nephew of the Couhteas de Gagemont, also of Mons. The Prase, in its weekly commercial bulletin, says : Some orders begin to be received by the manufacturing houses for the departments of the south and for exportation, and England, which h.is been fur some time occupied ex clusively with the elections, has lately sent some important orders. The Parisian trade is still very dull, but the period is not yet arrived when business generally becomes active. The manufactories in the departments are well occupied ; purchasers of woollen and cotton goods present themselves, and sales would be more extensive if prices were not so high. A further rise is spoken of at Mulhoue and at Itoueu. The trade in corn has been very active. It has been said that wheat of the new crop would be of rather middling quality, but, as favourable accounts have been received from many of the department., as well as from abroad, purchasers will not submit to pay a higher price. The same remark may be applied to wines and spirits. Speculators have taken advantage of the presence of disease in many of the vineyards to spread gene ral alarm, and to produce an enormous rise. It has, how ever, been found that the evil was not so serious as it had been represented, and there is every reason to hope that the crop may produce more than three-fourths of an ordinary one. The rise has consequently been followed by a mate rial fall, and it is expected that many speculators in the markets of the south will be serious su ff erers. .. .. At the Bourse the Four-and-a-Half per Cents. closed without change, at 104 f. 05c. ; the Three per Cents. rose 75c., and closed at 76f. 30c. Bank of France shares rose 30. St. German Railway rose 60f.; Orleans, 17f. 30e.; Bale, 13f.; Rouen and Northern, 12f. 60e. each; Strasburg, 10f.; Lyons, tif. 73e. ITALY. LOMBARDY. Tho (lowa Gazette of the 29th states, that Aus tratiermanic telegraphic lines are now open between the stations of Hanover, Bremen, and Harbourg. PIEDMONT. The Oficial Gazette of Sao y announces that M. Ivan Clorovine, now one of the editors of the Journal de Turin, has been ordered to quit Piedmont for hav ing translated and published in the abovementioned paper, without giving the date, an article hostile to Austria, written in 1848 by the Marquis d'Azoglio before he was minister. AUSTRIAN ITALY. VENICE, Jimy 22. Tho greatest activity prevails in the arsenal. More than 1,800 men are now employed in building ships of-war. THE PENINSULAR MAIL. DISSOLUTION OF THE PORTUGUESE (111 r ELECTRIC TILEOILAPH.) (FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) SOUTHAMPTON, TUESDAY, 11.30 A.M. The Madrid has just arrived with the Peninsular mails. She left Lisbon on the 23th. The Portuguese Chambers were dissolved on the 2(ith tilt., in conse quence of the vote upon the act of dictatorship. The debate lasted fourteen days. The Duke and Duchess of Montpensier passed Vigo on the 29th, without landing. H.M. steamer Harpy, which was supposed to be lost, reached Fayal on the 13th July. Exchange on London at Lisbon, 631 ; discount of Lisbon Bank notes, 21 per cent. MALTA, duLT 27. For the last few days we have been anxiously looking for the Indian mail, and as the Medina did not ap pear, apprehensions of an accident were generally enter tained. The French steamer hu just arrived, and by her we learn that the mails had not yet reached Suer. Although the But India Company's steamer Victoria, from Aden only, had arrived on 20th. It is therefore presumable that some accident must have happened to the Adjdah steam-frigate, of 1,400 tons, which has the mails on board. The Medina, with or without the mails, will leave Alexandria this day (27th) for Malta. With reference to the intelligence from Tripoli, news has reached this place of the arrival there from Algiers of the French fleet, and that, unleu the Frenchmen still retained by the Puha were given up, the admiral had threatened to proceed to acts of hostility. The Puha is resolute, and when the mail left, pertinaceusly refused to give up the men. M. LOUIS BLANC. TO THE EDITOR Or THE DAILY HEWS. Sta,—l read in the Daily News :—" It is given out ascertain that Louis Blanc has made his peace with the French government, and will be allowed to re•arn to France by the intended amnesty of the bth of August." Of all calumnies with which I have had to contend in my life this is one I could never have expected. That which is given out as certain is a gross and in:amoos falsehood, spread by the French government, for the purpo►e of de ceiving the people of Paris, who shin not on this point be deceived. I can affirm that. Therefore, if I stoop to give the lie to such an imputation it is only with regard to those who do not know me, for these who know me will shrug their shoulders every time they are told that I am capable of waking my peace with the tyrant of my country. I cecina say whether an amnesty will take place or not; Inv when I return to France it will be with liberty, not otherwise. Amnesties are for the guilty. I am, air, your most obedient servant, London, August 2. LOUIS BLANC. THE NEW "PASSENGERS Act'."—An important act was passed in the late sessions " to amend and consoli date the laws relating to the • of pamengers by sea." There are 91 clauses in the act, an several schedules, con taining forms to carry the set into execution. On the first October, the set is to come into operation, when "The Pas sengers Act, 1849," is to be repealed, except as to existing liability, and except as to an order in council, dated the 6th October, 1849. The act is to extend to every passenger ship proceeding on any voyage from the United Kingdom to any place out of Europe, and not being within the Mediterranean sea, and on every colonial voyage, as stated. It is not to extend to her Majesty's ships of war, tic. The Commissioners of Emigration are to carry the net into execution. There are various provisions as to the aeconsmodation and diet to be tainted to passengers. No passenger is to be landed without his previous consent, at any part or place other than the port at which he may have contracted to land. Her Majesty may, by orders in council, prescribe rules for this preservation of order, etc., in vessels bound to the colonies. Only • oertain number of passengers to be snowed accord ing to the size of the ships. The forms in the schedule ex plain the manner in which the act is to be carried into force. THE Nvw PARLIAN ENT .—Tho laat parliament WU dissolved on the Ist July, having assembled on the 18th November, 1847. It is doubtful whether the new parlia ment will meet before November. THE AUSTRALIAN GOLD DIGGINGS. The following letter from a gentleman connected with %Vert Lothian, now in Australia, appears in the Scots. man:— Kangatong, near Port Fairie, I'urt Phillip, March 2, 1852. " I wrote you a long letter a month back, giving you an amount of our progress. In Deceniber last we clipt our flocks of sheep, and rant to Port Fairie about ten thou sand pounds of wool, which has gone by the Helen for London. We have now upwards of 4,000 sheep, and espeet 1,000 to 1,200 lambs shortly. Our sheep are doing as wall as foot-rot will allow in this district, but not to compere with the open plains, where the soil is poor awl mid. awl foot-rot almost unknown; however, we cannot complain, and am glad we got the sheep. We have now sumo idea of dispo•ing of them and replacing them with lean cattle, which the present great scarcity of !abeam renders neerasary, cattle being wore manageable. Shepherd's wages bare risen from 20/. to 3.51., and likely sham to be .50(., and men lint to be had, even at that. We have only one white shepherd. Our dock, are tended by black., and capital shepherds they are; unfortunately, they live in constant dread of their enemies (other trdreal However, we have them well armed, Our tribe—a branch of the main one—consists of eight m, n, 'women, awl children, all as benefit as steel; they live at less espt rise than white men, and all knit while herding—thus they are much more valuable to us than the whites, and in a few months we will be able to manage entirely with the blacks. We of mime keep them in elntliiiig. Our cattle are at present doing well, and ore in flee condition. Tho market in Melbourne is just now over stocked and prices low, while lean cattle are ►carce from want of hands to bring them to market. The last lot of 7011 I went to Melbourne for, coat 120. a-head there ; lbs. to lii. is now the price, and difficult to get your eupply at that, unless you go to the breeders 300 to 1 400 miles off. " 1 em sorry to say that in consequence of this cursed gold discovery stations and forming are now at a discount fur want of handle and no one know, what prices will go to, as there are no buyers where the returns are dependent on labour. Stations have fallen twenty per cent. since the geld discovery. For iny run (station) I would not be in clined to take lees than a,OOO/., and that only with a view to invest it in town property, which is rising with amazing rapidity. Such a prexligious importation of emigrants from the neighbouring colonies is now going on that it is diffi cult to guess at the probable pnce of butcher meat in another year, as you cannot import that commodity so easily as flour, &c. Some people predict 10!. a head fur bullocks and 20s. for sheep very shortly. At prescut prices are so low as still to admit of meltirg, but there is no saying how soon such a mates of consumer, may be with us from all points, as will soon make disappear our supplies of beef, at present so wastefully consumed. Prices of grain, flour, &c., fluctuate very much ; an arrival or two of flour cau'es an immediate fall, or an absence of import sometimes a very considerable advance. Labour also fluctuates much—the crop farmers were in despair, and in many eases gave 255. with grog and meat per acre for cutting, while others, at the distance of a few data, got the same done for 175., &c. Wheat last season rose from ss. to 10s. per bushel—now it is 51. fid. to 6s. " As soon es the wet weather commence.. so as to enable the digger. to wash the gold earth, there will not be a M4ll left to do a band's turn, either an farm or station. Such has been the genet al success, that no one will engage at 30/. to 601. yearly, when they may turn up 20s. worth of gold daily to a certainty, almost. "Doubtless you:will have seen many:extracte in the papers relative to the wonderful gold fields of Victoria. The statements can hardly be ezeggerated ; end millions of gold have already been shipped at Pest l'hillip, besides what has gone to Sydney, Adelaide, and Van Dies men'. Land—some guess at 50,000, some at 35,04:10 diggers. Every ono that I have seen and know to have been there seem determined to return au soon as the rain makes the ground soft. At present ophthalmia and dysentery prevail, and a want of clean water there has sent many home for but a short time. It would be impossible to give you an idea of what men make generally. I have seen sem:who, in one hour, made 1,000/. up to 1,7001., others wo d sink (dig) for • month and barely pay expenses, when, sinking in despair, they would come on a bucketful of gtaina of pure gold. One splendid lump, about the size and shape of a man's foot, was exhibited in Melbourne, 27 lbs. in weight, of pure gold; this is the finest as yet discovered in the Port l'hillip district, and, in proportion to its weight, is more va luable than 103 Abs. bit sent home from Sydney some nine months since. One sf our men writes to his wife here that • party next to him lifted in a few days 1,400 1 . each man, while he only had 201. worth. It is an extraordinary elate of matters altogether, when • mere labourer, who could barely subsist at home, can here make his 20s. a-day —and there seems to be no end to it—fresh diggings are being discovered every ..ay. I have seen a letter from Mount Alexander. There, it appears, from want of water, the diggers are leaving by hundreds fur elsewhere ; it is quite common for parties to work fur weeks and not cover their expenses—this is owing to want of water ; but the moment the floods come again, there will be a general rush to the rich part of the creek. " It is difficult to describe the state of the colony now, and should La '1 robe, the present Lieutenant-Governor, be continued in office, it is impossible to ace the result of such a concourse of all nations without a force to control them. At Mount Alexander there are only, they say, thirty policemen, which is quite absurd. Lynch.law iv talked of, and has already been acted 0., in cases where thieves are caught in the act. They go about like hawks, and perch themselves on the mouth of the hole, and if any gold is found the finder runs every chance of losing it, or his life, if io a quiet corner. For safety, cum panics of respectable parties league together for protection. Some rogues were caught in a diggine, some weeks ago, with candle light, and it is reported were with general con sent lynched. It is reported that four or five thousand sol diers arc to be sent out. I am afraid the _y will do little good without a new governor. It will be • difficult matter to keep them in order without very largo pay, which our stingy masters will not assent to readily. Ily to-day's paper, a ton of gold left Mount Alexander last week, and the increase is weekly. Why, when we have 200,000 or 300,000 dig gers, which we will see by next year as sure as fate, we will bre ballasting our wool ships with the filthy lucre. Such is the abundance and general dillusiou of gold throughout the Port Philip and Sydney districts, and so many new dis coveries are being brought to light, there is little doubt but that California will sink into utter insignificance, and the metal must sink in value. Large sales were made lately for shipment to England at 655. per ounce at Port Fairie. " We intend to start in a few days, having now got our sheep shorn, and our station in working order, for the dig gings, leaving behind • sufficient force to manage our flocks. J-21 and I go, with two of our own men ; and in the event of success, we will form an establishment. After • menth's digging, I will write home the result of our operations. " Some parties I bare seen since writing the foregoing. They tell me it is curious how and where the gold is some times found. It is got often sticking to the roots of gram, and strewed over the surface for some inches down. It is found imbedded in slate, pipe-clay, i ond quarts, and sticking in clay like currants in plum-pu dding. A new place called Lake Omeo diggings has come to light lately, said to ex ceed all former discoveries. It is somewhere near the boundary between Sydney and Victoria districts ; and should it become true, gold will become quite disgusting. "Jobs that could not stand prevented me finishing this letter at the time I began it. Since then, a piece of gold 63Ibs. weight has been dug up at Mount Alexander, and instead of the dry weather diminishing the quantity, it is increasing. A poor settler near us sent his two boys, aged 14 and 15, and at the end of one month re turned wi'h 4501. "At present rum is selling at 10s. per gallon ; gin, 12a. ; whisky, 10s. to lbs.: and these g e tti ng dearer. rapers and shopkeepers are doing a splendid trade with the dig gers. Nothing but silks and satins will go down, and even these won't do unless the price is something high. "Our member gave a grand ball a few evenir gs ago. Wo attended, and were quite astonished at the gaiety. Our grape* are now ripe. We make a very palatable wine here —something betwixt champagne and claret—really nice." ORANGE MOTS IN CANADA.—The Canadian papers give an account of a serious riot at Toronto en the 12th of July. The Hamilton Spectator states that there was a large Orange procession, with flags and music, to the lake, accompanied by brethren from Brentford , Ancaster, and Caledonia. The city authorities, fearing a riot on the ar rival of the steamer, swore in a strong b .dy of special constables, in addition to the city and railroad police. These men were taken charge of by Alderman Moore, and marched down to the bay. Upon binding, the party pro ceeded in procession, but without colours or music, up James-street. We regret to have to say, however, that many of them were armed with guns and pistols. They had not proceeded more than a couple of blocks before tonic stoned were thrown, but at this point no disturbance took place. Proceeding onward, they reached the corner of Mulberry -street, where a large erend was congre gated, a man from which stepped forward, and kicked the drum that was carried by one of the party. Some stones were thrown at the lame time, immediately after which • number of shuts were fired—from six to eight—and a man n. med Barney M'l'hillips, a moulder, in the employ of Messrs. M'Questen and Co , was shot in the groin, the ball passing out at his back, and ho expired instantaneously; about the same moment, James Campbell, a cooper, who carried the drum, received two stabs from a dirk or large knife in the abdo men. lle was immediately carried into Minnis's tavern, and the wounds were dressed by Drs. Bates and Robert Bunter, but at the time we saw the pool man he was suffering the most excruciating agony, and the doc tors seemed to entertain but little hope of his re covery. We believe that ono or two other people were in jured in the nuke, which scarcely lasted a minute, but we have nothing definite. The Orangemen then proceeded to their quarters in the Court [louse square, after which a number of them, all of whom seemed to be armed, pro ceeded down King-street, we believe to the Victoria Oar dem. We need scarcely say that the city is in a state of excitement, and that great fears are entertained, at the time of writing, of getting safely through the night. The authorities hove adopted every precaution to preserve the peace, and we cannot speak in too high terms of the cool ness, courage, and promptitude of Alderman Moore, who took the direction of the police. But for the exertions of that gentleman and one or two others, we feel satisfied that we should have had to record a far more fearful destruction of hamaa life. ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS AND RAILWAY TRAINS.— A proposal is on the lapis for communicating between trains in motion and stations by means of electricity, so that they may reciprocate signals in the event of danger at given distances. CALI FORNIti Mont the Mintaga - itOl - the Doily Newry Advice@ from San Francisco, timid the 114th June, afford the following piirticulars relative to the pro grow of gold mining adventure in the various dis tricts. It will (Se WWI hut the contract of the Nou veau Month: Mining Company pith the Merced CUM. puny is referred to in one of the paragraphs: It is said that sporty of Germans have recently discos, re d a very rich gold placer un the Samaritan° mute to Yr. k e . The diwor, ry . was made on a creek emptying into the Sacramento ily. r from the west. This creek is about fiftee n mil's north of H., mountain heights known as Ow back Lone; and as nu name was known tar it by party making the divrovery, they called it Back Mmie Creek. The mining ground is .aid to be extensive, and of unex.oni...di richntos. The , urth in many places yielded from cto Ilse dollars to the panful. Many persons who lift Nl4.u.ta Valley for the mines on Rogue river, •rot said to lay r. turn ing. They report the 111/1111Y on Rogue rive r t o b e ingly licit, but they were not of sufficient extent to idtottl claims to all who were attracted tbitiiir. Those alto host claims upon the riverarc generally obtaining a great shun. dance ut gold. The mines un Dead Wood Creek, 1./ or Yreka, are proving to be tact edingly rich. It is ttou r th t that a very large arnowit of gold will be taken front this creek during the present sunamem A corresp7mil.-nt, wrstimt to S n Francisco, from itieh Bar, says Provisions and clothing ore very circa 1. re and those who labour by the day get sit do!lars very r, ailee in fact all who do not wish to try th. it lurk at dig,;r,e errs their own hook find plenty of npportun ty for sit ncii .rs per diem. The proapecui of miners in the, region an a„r flattering, and I mcsurie then, will be mu Is more from the earth this summer than has eVI ri, hee raised. There are, at present, a large numlar of doing well in the hills and banks around here." The :-.Mekeon Journal says:—.• A g. mh-min from M.,,.• ppooseea cnuttly Worms us that the sph mild work, of Merced Milting Company, at Mount Ophi-, wi 1, . b e. t . r 100,000 &As., end in which Mr. John L. Moffitt, King, and others, have 'teen so deeply interest. d, ~,,w either entirely, or in part, owned by an English inie,e: company, who are making preparations to work the , ledge. This company, we are told, came nut to w-e., of the Fremont claims, but coul.i nut succeed in tied,. • The Welier nod Cuon-Hollow Canal cost 20,0•01 , fourteen-and-a-half miles long, and pays monthly 7,1 e, 27 per cent on its first coat. The Gold 11111 Can,: ( 9,285 doll., is ten-and a-bolt miles in length, I,,e s monthly 4,442 dolt., or 17 per cent, ou its first The Bradley, lit Men, and Company Canal, ut oe•I Springs, cost 12,000.1015., is ten mid a half miles in I.• and pays monthly 2,197 dots., or 194 per cent. on its The Rock Crick Caual, at Nevada, to sit milt, lona — e ast 10,000 dot,., and pays monthly 4,000 dots., el' 40 pr a rte on its original cost. The Coyote Bitch, at :head,. miles long —coat 16,000 dots., and pays monthly t;.1, 00 , 1 „ 1 , or 371 per cent. on its cost And tartly, 6..• lic. r t Canal, at Nevada, is eight milts lung—coat 20,41,04.,:t 5 , , t pays monthly 5,573 dots., or 27j per cent, on 1111 i,,. OM. , The mines about Weaverville have, it is said, proud to he ameng the richest in the State. Water has be. a ramie fur the last few months through nets varying ham c o . t., , twelve milt s in length. The party who lull - Wm...1 %ats into the rich gulch on Cotton Creek are now main, g the: averaging thirty• five cents. to the bucketfut." The Nan Joaquin Republican says the uttt a. , "I th e miners seems now to be almost entirely devoten eo n . struction of canals. Stupendous works hate lc. u taken sod brought to a successful issue. The own,- stock are now realising large fortunes for the investment. Within two years, there is no doubt, during all the sum mer months, the whole mining region, by the 1. 3 a, will Ise constantly supplied with an abundance ut water. The advices received by the last American steamer afford some most interesting particulars relative t o the progress of the workings in the great copper region of Michigan, on the shores of Lake Superior. A great extent of this territory is now ki,own to be rich in copper, and the fact that these veins can be worked with great profit, with all the disadvantages incident to a new business, in an unsettled couetry, shot out from the rest of the world during six months of the year by . the severity of the weather, is very significant, us it proves cilia so soon as the requisite mechanical appliances shall hare l'etn brought to work, the means of communication improved, and the supply of labour rendered more abundant and economical, the yield of the wetal will , be immense, and will exercise a great influence on the market throughout the world. Copper mining in this region is distinguished by many peculiarities, and there appears to be a gnat want of scientific experience amongst those enga , ed in it. The produce of the workings is distinguished into three classes, " mass copper;' barrel work," and stamp work." Mass copper consists of sheets or pieces too large to be packed in barrels, and weigh ing from a few hundred pounds up to matey tuns. Masses have been taken from the celebrated Cliff Vein estimated to weigh 70 or 80 tons, chiefly of solid copper, varying in thickness from a few inches to two or three feet. Such masses the miners are unable to remove from the level or drift until divided into pieces of a few tone weight. Accordingly, the masses arc cut into portable size by the use of a chisel from one-half to three-fourths of an inch in width, one man holding the chisel, whilst another strikes with a heavy sledge. This operation costs from 6 dole. to 8 dole, per square foot of surface cut through. Barrel work consists of such pieces of copper as are too small to be shipped separately. These small masses are dressed with a hammer, in order to free them as much as possible from the adhering vein stone . Stamp w or k includes the main portion of the vein-stone, carrying a small per centage of copper. This stuff is taken from the vein and calcined ; then put under the stamp heads and pulverised, after which the fine particles of are separated from the pulverised rock by wash ing, when the copper is barrelled up and sent to market. The chief mine in this district is the Bos ton and Pittsburgh, better known as the " Cliff." This is one of the Pioneer Companies, having com menced operations as early as Ist3. Since then about 5,000 tons of copper have been taken from the vein, about one-half of the amount consisting of masses and barrel work, and the other half stamp work. The mechanical arrangements in this mine aro better than those in operation at the neighbouring adventures. The company have sunk three shafts to the depth of 410 feet each intersected by drifts or levels at distances of ten fathoms apart. The aggregate length of these drifts is nearly 6,000 feet. The greater part of the ground thus opened has been &toped out—" eloping" signifying the:removal of the vein-stone after the mine has been opened, the miners working upward from the levels. The present force at the Cliff is 201 men, and the produce 70 tons per month. The ma nager is now running eleven heads of emirs, which crush 250 tons of rock per month, and he intends to add nine more stamps immediately, which will nearly double his present stamping force, without adding materially to the expense of the operation. The stamping, pumping, raising copper, &c., aro all done by steam power. There is an extensive system of under ground railway at this mine, as well as several others in this region. Miniature railways, with little trucks, capable of carrying each four or five tons of copper or vein -stone, are carried through the va rious levels in the mine, and also on the surface. There aro nearly two miles of this kind of railway ut the Cliff. The stock of this company is held princi pally in Boston and Pittsburgh, a n d is divided into 6,000 shares, on which ltst dots. per share have been paid, and tho shareholders have received three annual dividends of 10 dole. each, and one of 14 dole. during the last four yeant. In the present year the company have erected a 6t)-horse engine, which, with buildings noel fixtures, will cost about 20,000 dole., and they contemplate construct ing a railway from the mine to Eagle River, Lake Superior, a distance of about three miles, to facilitate the transport of their copper to market and supplies to the mine. These details will be regarded with much interest, as although re ferring chiefl y- to this one mine, which presents the most remarkable - instance of success, they afford a view of the general nature of copper mining in this region, which at sonic future period, and that pos sibly an early one, will engage a vast amount of labour and yield a rich harvest to mining adven turers. There aro other companies in the vicinity which commenced operations as early as the ('lit( Company, and have not yet been üble to pay expenses. This, however, is easily explaintsl. when we consider the serious disadvantages . under which they at present labour, and it is eon fidently believed by those competent to judge of such matters that they will ultimately pay handsome dividends. In the early working of the Phenix mine, another adventure near Eagle River, a large amount of pure copper in "boulders" was taken out of the stream at the spot where it passes over the Pheenix vein. Several thousand dollars worth ea silver was also taken from the riser, one detached lump of the pure metal weighing over six pounds. On the " location" of the Copper Falls Company aro very extensive ancient works, consisting of pits sunk at intervals along the course of the vein. One or these pits is 70 feet wide, and more than 27 feet deep. On the heaps of dirt thrown out by these ancient miners may be seen growing monster pines and sturdy oaks, showing that many hundred yea' IT vs is • Mr • ha at' sal or ski IP% Si 1 Orel anal ties pt Gael tiw Va. ye bo 'ci ID V[ Or Ms de id Si