The Express. — London, England, 1851-12-20 00:00:00

- int eaxprews• TO CORRESPONDENTS. A sewed &Wes .f " The Uprise; esatidaiim 'be mem bere *Oesette." petAkehei teseday sad blip 'Agit. la doe BR roc Arbieueneeaseieleetled lee "Tie ?Apra." Lads VOWS( pew, ingst be at tM MON 10, B O MIIiFII7IIIIIIOI7 TWO SIII Ja esy el peusetboe. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. *eta DAT—Weestag. ta. tom. —Morals". IL-- SU. ..Aftinima. Oa. LONDON, RATURDAY, DECEMBER 20. SYDNEY SETH once remarked how mach a clever friend's conversation would be improved by a few brilliant flashes of silence. Of late the noisy and turbulent episcopal career of Dr. PHILLrotTs has been illuminated by a flash of silence wily agreea ble to the whole country. During the last three months he has neither ana thematised the Primate of his province, nor perse . - cited any of the clergy of h is diocese; he hasnet thee printed curses nor prayed libels; he has ne ither , clipped the Cfer.t.s's prerogatives, nor . extended the wings of his own pretensions ; he has neither knocked down any layman with the Apocalypse, nor scattered discord - broadcast over England from the Fatima. The synod of Exeter was almo s t for g otten ; its " Acts" had descended to the butterman and the trunkmaker ; the Bishop's age and infirmities seemed to be bringing back peace, and calm, and repose to the diocese of Exeter; his thoughts were, it was hoped, being turned from the troubles of earth towards the quietude of heaven. But no: the flush is post—he is again to be hearl. The stormy petrel of episcopacy preludis by . his approach another tempest. 'The diocese cf Exeter is, — we have heard him teach,—a perfect church in itself. In it we have seen him miserable and preside over a legislature of its own ; and, having varied the doc trine, and separated the church of Exeter from the church of England, he is now, after a use, settling the millinery and the decorations of his new esta habiliment. This he does by an instrument no less grave and solemn than a "Judgment." Other bishops write letters,—but HENRY of ExteTElLintheplenitude of his power, pens decrees only. Prelates of greater learn ing but more modesty offer advice, muke mom mendatieno, and state their opinions; he adjudicates, adjudges, and decides ; they try to persuade, to convince, to guide and direct by their counsels; he orders and commands by his authority. They ad just their communications to the improved and re fined tone of modern society ; he preserves intact and unmitigated the harsh language and severe phraseo logy of the middle ages. They—good, quiet, timid men scarcely dare to put on their mitres ; he never sinks to sleep without the haughtiest emblem of his power on his uneasy head. And thus, in one of the most difficult and delicate questions that could come before a bishop, we have from him, without doubt or hesitation, a judgment—nothing less. It is about paintings in churches. To adorn and beautify places of worship with works of art, is at once so conformable with human weaknesses, no sanctioned by both heathen and Christian pract ices, ai d yet so dangerous and hazardous in its tendencies, us renders it any time, —lint particularly now,—a ques tion both difficult aid delicate. It was a reproach often urged against the early Christians that they did not adorn their churches with the art they saw in Pagan temples; and that re proach One:Ls answered by telling his oppo nents, that the images to be dediestcd to Guts were not to he carved with the hands of artists, but to he formed and fashioned in use by his word; they were to be the virtues of justice, and teniperance, and wisdom, and piety. Nor are there wanting decrees and memo of early councils (t but of 11.1.111i:et° for example) against placing paintings in churches. Whilst the story of EPIPIIANIU4 tearing down a picture from the antis of a village church in Pales tine, and giving the shreds to the churchwardens to be used as a winding-sheet for the poor, is fumi liar to students of ecclesiastical history. The cultivation of art in churches is, however, ono of the glories and %great part of the strength of the Romish church. When Europe emerged from bar barism, cathedrals became great exhibitions of art ; and as corruptions grew in that church their adorn ments had much the same effect on the Christian re ligion us it had on Pagan rites and ceremonies. It became a medium and a source of corrupt religion ; and in images and painting's the reformers saw only the worship of saints and unseripturul intercessors. Renee, to use the language of WHEATLEY (a very high church authority), " they thought them too false a beauty fur the house 01 Goo." In themselves humanising and civilising, their presence in churches is hazardous and dangerous. And this feeling predo minated in England from the Reformation until the birth of Tructalianism. Then, with the doctrines, the pretensions, and the ceremonies. of the Runtish church, began to be cultivated meth revel art ; and no little of the success of that delusion may be trued to this new passion. It appeared in every thing: in our churches and in our plates and dishes; inside and outside the prayer-book; in vestments and in dress. New handicrafts, new trades, new feelings, new thoughts were opened by it. It produced St. Barnabas ; but, until now, it hat nut in troduced paintings into our churches. At last, however, it has taken that step. Sheviocke is a small rectory in Cornwall ; its value is under 5001. a year, anti its population not much greater than that number. The chancel of our churches be longs to the rectors, ecelesiustical or lay ; they arc bound to repair them ; and generally in very bad repair they arc kept. This chancel, in a rural church, attended chiefly by plough men and farm labourers, the rector of Sheviocke resolved to beautify. Ile painted the north wall red and white, intending to cover the white with gilt; and on this ground is tilling in medallion pictures, via.:—l. The Annunciation. 2. Our Loan "in Majesty " seated on a Rainbow. 3. Our LORD being led to execution. 4. Our LORD with MARTHA, MARY, and LOAM:A. 5. The First Miracle in Cana of Gallidev. And these finished, the other walls have to be eimilarly illustrated. This proceeding very properly alarmed the prin cipal inhabitants, and a vestry being held, a vote was passed condemning the paintings, and calling on the bishop to require their removal. Dr. PitILLPOTTS sent the rural dean to inquire into the facts; and the rectof on the other hand got a majority of the ploughmen or the parish to express their " warm approval" of his decorations. It is in this state of things the judg ment is issued; and a very rare document it cer tainly is. First, is carefully noted the numerical majority in the rector's favour. But, us any argument derived from majorities might hereafter be dangerous for the Bishop on other questions and in other Parishes, he, baring placed it foremost and dwelt most impres sively on it, " immediately dismisses it altogether from consideration in deciding on the matter before me." A majority: either one way or other is as nothing compared with the rector's right to do with the chancel ea ho pleases, subject always to the Bishop's control. " I have no hesitation in saving that I recognise that right of the rector." The rights , of majorities are nought. are nil, are worthless ; the feelings of parishioners are idle whimsies, not worth a rectorial thought or an episcopal considera tion. But the rector's right"—that is indefeasible, predominant, ever to be respected. It must be pro tected; and Dr. PHILLI`OrTs does protect it. " Looking at the question thus, I Mist very little which demands my interference in the partially executed designs or in what is further intended." They are " from Oecrbeck;" and therein the epis copal consolation is great. Still they do—in one trifling unimportant trait—just in a corner—exceed propriety. So. brush in hand, the Bishop daubs out his "single objection"--an angel kneeling to the Vints. That done, he cannot too much bespatter the rector with pranies: In an see when no decoration is deem d too costly for the dwellings of the opulent among us, of all milers, it is surely a matter of just praise, rather than of reasonable censure, that a not opulent clergyman, modest and unpre tending in his own house, devotes whatever means he can command to the somewhat sumptuous, it may be, yet sober and reverential adorning the house of God. What better than Fetish is this? The finer we dress the finer must be our churches ; the more , sumptuous our houses, the gaudier our chancels; because ladies put rouge on their cheeks, the walls of our places of worship must be bedizened with ver million. The poor, not allowed to enter the magni ficent mansions of the rich, must be astonished by oar wealth in the parish church. Why, it is po. cieely thus, Father Hrc tells us, they worship BUDDHA in the Sliunsseries of Mon"ilia and Thibet; it is after this fashion, and in this spirit, that the adorn their idols on the western coast of n A e r e s.. But this, we use the freedom to tell Bishop PIIILLPOTTS, is to paganise, to Judaize, nap worse than either, is to Romanist+ the Christian religion. It is to dress, to adorn, to deface, to conoral it ; to make it consist in external emblems, in images, in pictures, in painted windows and sculptured walls, at the risk of expelling it from the mind. It is to direct the ploughmen of Sheviocke from the prayers of an humble and a contrite heart to daubs of red and white in its chanceL If Bishop Pittu.ro'rrs live many years longer, the church of Exeter will be as different from the church of England as Romaniem is from Protestantism. It was not without an object he set up an Establishment of his own in that diocese ;—and very steadily, logic ' ally, and consistently he is pursuing It. te any one imagines that the feudal sentiment has departed from the minds of our great land owners, the long—and in some respects able and intelligent--speech of the Duke of NEW CASTLE to his tenantry last week will correct that error. Lately become the owner of a large hereditary . estate,—which is well known to be heavily encumbered,—the Duke of NEWCASTLE ' fairly enough looks at his position and at that of his tenants, with a view to their present relations and future prospects. Ile finds, as he frankly states, that many of his farms are occupied by men who have not capital sufficient for their cultivation; that I most of the farms are ill managed; that the condi- 1 tion of the buildings is deplorable; that cottage ac commodation is scanty and bad; that drainage is greatly required; and—in presence of all this— that the means at his command will only per mit slow and painful efforts to attempt, rather than effect, a gradual amelioration of such of these evils as are confessedly within the land lord's province to cure. The Duke, in fact, made two speeches. In the one he strongly urged his his tenants to abandon all expectation of any return to " p rotection," and to rely on their own exertions —intimating that the gain from improvements upon their farms would prove more than equivalent to any loss they may hare sustained from free-trade prices. lie said that upon his estate " there is great want of energy and skill . . . there is great want of due ' and proper economy of manure ;" that it "is really painful to witness the state of the farm-yards, ana the most valuable portions of the manure running into the ditches or wasting on the roads, when a trifling expenditure woud, in many instances, obviate so great a loss." And again he said— " Look at the kind of stock to be found on sonic of the farms—stock which would hardly bring anything to the tenant when sold, beyond the price at which they were bought in. Look, again, at the fields with a perfect carpet of twitch." Referring to former penods of low prices, he added, that men who thus farm have ever been, and must always be, in a state of chronic distress; con cluding with very full and detailed reasons why upon public grounds any return to protection has become impossible. The other speech war more domestic, and referred especially to his own acts of management since he had come to the estate, and his proposed plans for its future management. It is with this speech we propose to deal. Nor must our comments be assumed to be altogether adverse to the Duke personally, for the system he intends to adopt is, in many respects, greatly superior to that pursued upon most large landed properties in England, though it forcibly illustrates the fact that, in even the most improved management of their estates by our great land• owners, feudalism is a predominant clement. The Duke of Nswessrt.E admitted that the public had nn interest in the management adopted on the great territorial estates of the country, and it is in reference to that interest we would canvass the Duke's acts and sentiments. The course adopted is this. Two valuers, appointed by the Duke, have gone over his estate, and made a valuation of each farm, according to actual prices and pre 'cut prospects, and the result is, that in most eases the rents have been reduced, though in sonic instances the valuation has proved higher than the present rental. The latter has occurred only on the farms of the best farmers, where, to use the Duke's words, " the principal increase in their value had been caused by an outlay of their own skill and industry, and above all by their own capi tal." In all such cases the Duke declared his intention not to avail himself of the increased value; while on the other hand he submitted to a reduction of rents to the actual valuations; though such reductions have occurred because the tenants have not made the exertions they should have done. So that in truth the reduction of rent is a premium on bad farming. Nor is this any thing new in the history of English husbandry, for in the time of old Tesses., it was said of farmers, that : Be who improves must flit; Ile who havocks may sit. And the same principle still prevails on the Clamber estates, fur the improving farmer gets no reduction, while the incompetent and slovenly husbandman ob tain a reduction in rent equivalent to the inferiority of their cultivation. It is true the Duke hopes that those whose rents have been thus reduced, not because the land is worse, but because they are con tent to vegetate on the land, and really to do no thing more, will "endeavour to alter their position, and revive their farms ;" and intimates that there are some whose capital is so totally inadequate to the cultivation of the farms they hold, that if they do not voluntarily retire they must be removed. What a picture does this present; and the natural question is, how has such a state of things arisen? ' Hear what the Duke says: "The whole system as carried on between landlord and tenant in this dis trict is based upon confidence; the whole of the tenants upon the estate are without leases, and are tenants from year to year," and therefore he felt that it would be unjust to take the higher rates at which the improved farms are valued. But this is a mere set of generosity, which may be recalled to morrow. Or the Duke may die, and the trustees for his son would find it their duty to exact the utter most farthing of the valued rental. And then we find, that this estate, which affords such a me lancholy example of ill-managed property, is one on which there has been a " system of hereditary tenancies" which "tends to pioduce great attachment between landlord and tenant." Translated into plain words, this really means that the tenants are "dependants"—that they live on the landlord's will, and at his mercy. lie boasts of the time they have paid rent to his family, whilst they feel that at his bidding they may be ousted. They are his tenants; his people; living on his territory. Attachment between landlord and ten ant is a very good thing, if accompanied by other excellencies, and a reference to it in the Duke's speech produced warm and natural applause. But when we find the " attachment" has been ac companied by the most miserable style of husbandry, there is no injustice in attributing the backward condition of the tenants to their dependent unenter prising habits. It is all well enough to adjust the rental perma nentl)• according to the actual value of the property; but if the Duke means to act like a man of sense and business, he must abandon the " hereditary te nancies," grant reasonable lenses to tenants who can farm well, and by a sale of some portion of his estate raise the means of putting the remainder into such a state as will induce men of capital and enter prise to take that land which the present tenants cannot properly manage. DEATH OF GEN. P. ANDERSON.—This distinguished general died yesterday, after • somewhat lengthened Illness. General Anderson entered the army in 17hi, and was at the storming of the court Mien redoubts, the kloxelle Fort, and the siege of Calvi, in Corsica. He served subse quently in the West Indies, and received • severe contusion in the side in the storming of Morse Ckapot, St. Lucia ; was aide.de.eamp to Sir John Moore in the expedition to Holland; and afterwards served in the expedition to Egypt, where he was severely wounded by • shot in the arm, in the action of March 21. General Anderson also served in the expedition to Watchmen, was present at the siege of Flush ing, and obtained a medal for Corinna. In 1837, the de ceased °facer was appointed colonel of the 78th Foot (Highlanderi), a command which becomes vacant by his demise. GREAT WESTERN EXTENSION ATMOSPITERICERAIL. _ . . WAY.—Claigns of 1,16h1. by Mr. Taylor, engineer, and Mr Mitchell, advertising agent, for 1,0001., were brought in I against this company on Thunday. SATURDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 20, 1851 THE REVOLUTION IN FRANCE. A NEW LOAN. PARIS, FRIDAY EvENINO. I have a piece of extremely important news to communicate to you this evening, which reaches me from a source of undoubted authority. 'f ho govern ment is about to raise a loan of eight millions eter- ling. They are also going to abolish the octroi-duties, and the tax on wines. In order to supply the enormous deficit that will result from the latter measure they intend to lay a heavy tax on the rich classes. I am not exactly informed as to the nature of the latter impost; but it will be one that will not bear directly upon the working classes. This plan, to say truth, was not difficult to fore see. It is a fatal necessity fastened upon Louis Napoleon by the logic of his policy, which is to establish a democratic despotism, if I may use this term to express a government which aims at a tyranny supported by the multitude. It is clear that the new government will stick at no act which can afflict and oppress the upper and middle orders of society, so long as it can retain the favour of the deluded multitude. The matter of the loan is kept as yet a profound secret, in order that it may not affect the elections unfavourably for the President. Indeed it is evi dent that the announcement of the intention to levy such an enormous loan must throw the whole moneyed system into a state of pro found agitation, and produce a considerable fall of securities at the Bourse. Louis Napoleon is now playing exactly the same game, in so far as the real drift of his government is concerned, as Ledru Rollin or Louis Blanc might have done had they obtained the supremacy instead of the nephew of the Emperor. The present scheme is a monstrous and chimerical alliance between imperialism and socialism. But it will certainly re ceive its death blow from financial difficulties. Already the landed proprietors are taxed to the uttermost. They pay ruinous interest for • the loans which they can with extreme difficulty obtain ; and to renew the bargains which deliver them into the hands of usu rers, they are obliged to make fresh sacrifices. It is the most difficult of problems where to lay a fresh productive tax. The tax on drinks, you aro aware, was abolished by the provisional government, and the poor peo ple pay it with extreme reluctance ; so that when tho coup d'jtat of Dec. 2 produced disturbances in the centre and the south, the insurgents proclaimed that they were only . taking what belonged to them rightfully, in plundering the cash-boxes of collectors of the indirect taxes, of which the most productive is precisely this tax on drinks, which is now to be abolished. Immediately after the first proclamations the lower orders were dazzled by the pretended restoration of universal suffrage. By means of the industrious agency which supplies the place of newspaper intelligence in a country• which possesses an almost electric system of social communication, the masses in the capital and large towns were speedily disabused of their first error. The peasantry are, it is to be feared, still kept in the dark by the bigotted portion of the clergy, and will no doubt iu the vast majority vote in favour of Louis Napoleon. But Paris and the large cities will in all probability pronounce against him. No one is better aware than. the Pre sident that the vulnerable point of his government is the financial one. But he is obliged to run on in the fatal rut made for him. lie began by deceiving the masses; and in proportion as they aro disabused new boons must be thrown to them. But while de vising sonic means of tieding the multitude, he tears to alienate the proprietary and bourgeoisie. The government returns of the voting of the army and navy are CLS follows : VOTE OF TUE ARMY. 213,831 16,381 843 Againgt, Abstaining , . VOTE OF TILE NAVY. For .. Against Abstaining .. 14,675 .. 4,830 .. 417 It is repotted to-day that General Cavnignac was no sooner set at liberty, and found himself in an hotel at Ham, than, finding that he was the only prisoner in that fort allowed to return to his home, he declined to accept the liberation offered to him unless his fellow-captives were likewise set free. I have made inquiries at the general's house and find this confirmed. The posts of the national guards at the Hotel de Ville have been supplanted by troops of the line, under pretence of a tender regard for the commercial interests of the civic soldiers during this busy period of traffic. From the inimical tone towards England, which the Aesembli , e Nationale is permitted to adopt at a period when the press is subjected to the strictest cousure, it is clear that the government of Louis Napoleon plays into the hands of Prince Schwarzenberg and the Czar. It is beyond doubt, 1 am informed, that the present government has established since the coupttlat an intimate alliance with the northern courts. The offensive mode in which Lord Westmoreland's ungracious re ception by the Austrian court has been mentioned by prints at Paris, in which M. de Moray inserts exactly what suits his wishes, is an instructive fact when viewed in relation to the new league of mili tary despots in Europe. Ilarcelonette (Basses-Alpes) has surrendered to the authorities. _ _ ..... In consequence of the great number of electors who throng to the inairies to get cards, it has been decided that to-day and to-morrow cards will be distributed from S o'clock in the morning till mid night, and on Sunday from S till 4 in the afternoon ; also, that the ballot will be prolonged on Saturday and Sunday from 8 in the morning till 6 p.m. The Prefect of the Seine has caused to be posted a notice warning electors of the penalties to which they expose themselves by voting more than once, and non-electors, especially foreigners, that they will be rigorously punished fur taking part in the elec tions. The Bishop of Chalons writes to the journal of Chalon-sur Marne a letter of adhesion to the declara tion of the Bishop of Chartres. The reason he gives is that "God is with the President." The Bishop of Le Mans recommends his clergy to give their active support to the prolongation of the powers of Prince Louis Napoleon Bonaparte. The Mutister of War has addressed a circular to the heads of legions of gendarmerie, demanding re turns relative to those who have distinguished them selves, and to the circumstances of the families of the gendarmes who have fallen in the recent distur- Lances. M. David, ex-Minister of Justice, is reappointed to his former place of Procureur General at Rouen, and named officer of the Legion of Honour. A decree appears appointing a consultation com mittee for Algiers. The Patrie gives the following additional votes of the army on the question of the prolongation of the powers of Louis Napoleon :—Garrison of Bayonne, Behobie, and Socos: Yes, 1,767; No, 297.—Artillery of Montauban: Yes, 330; No, 47. A number of political arrests were effected yes terday. About four in the afternoon, four large vehicles conducted 40 prisoners from the Prefecture of Police to the fort of Bicitre. The following is a list of the representatives who have been transferred to St. Pelagie: —MM. Pascal Duprat, Antony Thouret, Laydet (re BixM, Duvergier de Hauranne, Durrieu Poulin), Joret, Renaud, Besse, Helen, Cholat, Emile can, Latrade, Miot, Marc Dufraisse, ltichardet, Burgard, Charles Lagrange, Gambon, Valentin, Colfavru, Labonlaye, Racouchet, Delbetz, Chain, Agricole Perdiguier, Nadaud, Faure, Greppo, Benoit, Madet, Charles Huguenin, Teillard-Lateri-sse. The arms of the sth and 6th legions of the Na tional Guard, which have been dissolved, were con veyed yesterday from the Tuilleries to the fort of Vincennes under a strong escort. It is forbidden to celebrate midnight mass this year in the churches of Paris on Christmas-eve. The public works have been discontinued on account of the excessive rigour of the temperature. ! A decree is about to appear for the amelioration cf i the navigation of the Seine, and for the clearing 9f the mouth of the Rhone. The candidates for the two seats in the academy, vacant by the death of MM. I)upoty and St. Priest, are—MM. de Mussett, Ponsard, J. Janin, Philarete Chasles, Mazeres, de Fallou tsand Berryer. All along the boulevards booths are erecting for tits fair, which takes place yearly at this time, and addle masons are still occupied in mending the holes tads by cannon balls in the houses, a world of small traffickers arc hawking below every conceivable sort d Christmas merchandise for arenties. I learn through a private letter from Bordeaux, which may be relied on, that there was a scheme on foot for the arrival of the l'rince do Joinville in that city, through the steamers which communicate with Holland. The Prince was expected by the Ville de Bordeaux, which plies between Bordeaux and Rot terdam. This explains the dismissal of M. Ncveux, the prefect, and the replacement of General d'Arbou vile, who sympathised with the Prince, by General Bourjolly. It also explains the subjection of the city to a state of siege by M. Nevcux at a mo ment of profound peace, without any disturbance whatever having occurred. General d'Arbou ville had for this purpose given his powers into the hands of M. Nevcux, who is supposed to have thus wished to cover the coup de main. Be that as it may, the Ville de Bordeaux steamer arrived at Bor deaux a few days after the coup de main, I need hardly say without the prince in question. M. Nc veux has disappeared from the field ; General d'Ar bouville has been superseded; and MM. Dufour, Dubourgier (president of the Chamber of Commerce), and Ganthier, mayor of the city, who knew the plot, have suddenly put on a lionapat list zeal, wonderful and not very creditable for gentlemen who were understood to be devoted to the house of Orleans. At the moment of closing my letter, and too late to do more than notice it hastily, I have seen a most interesting pamphlet, by M. Granier de Cassagnac, just published, with the " piquant" title of " A Com plete and Authentic Account of the Events of De cember, 1831." It appears that for more than 15 days before the coup d'etat, Louis Napoleon imparted his plans to three confidents,Gen. St.Arnaud,M. de Moray, and M. de Maupas, the Prefect of Police. They kept his counsel, and concerted their measures so well that not one of the seventy-eight persons whom it was determined to arrest on the night of the 2nd of De cember escaped them. Curious details of the arrests are given. The task of securing the person of Gen. Changarnier was confided to two men selected for their rare energy, Capt. Baudinot, of the republican guard, and the commissary of police, Leras. They took with them no less a force than 13 picked police agents, 30 republican guards, and a picket of 10 cavalry. At five minutes past six they rang the bell at No. 3, Roo du Fuubourg St. lionore, where the! general lived. The porter asked who was there, and, being told to open the door for some one who wanted to speak to him, he became suspicious, and refused to do so. The commissary then marched into a grocer's shop next door, front which he rightly guessed there must be a communication with Ge neral Changarnier's apartment. In 'an im perious tone he demanded the key, which was instantly given to him. Followed by several of his men, he proceeded to the general's room, snatched the keys front his servant, whom he met upon the staircase, and rushed towards the general's bedroom. General Changarnier by this time knew the designs of the intruders. lie appeared at the door of his bedroom in his shirt, with a pistol in each hand. The commissary said, " What are you going to do, general? We are not attempting your life; why should you defend it." Changarnier then gave up his pistols, saying, " I am at your service ; let me dress myself." He begged that his servant, with whom he could not dispense, might not be separated from him. This favour was granted. On his way to prison, he said," 'I lie President was sure of his re-elec tion. lie need not have had recourse to a coup (Feld ; he is giving himsalf much useless trouble." He af terwards added, " When the President shall have a foreign war, he will be glad to seek for me to give me the command of an army." General Cuvaignac was taken without more diffi culty. Base, the questor, was the only man that resisted seriously. lie, Citssagnac says, resisted "unguibus et rostra" like those called b y Potronius " Vultures togate." A letter from Prague, of the 12th, states that the Count do Chambord uuw intends to remain in that city for some time. " In the course of the past week," says the ("merrier de Lyon, " there have been sold hero 1,136 bides of silk, representing a value of ten millions of francs. This unexampled activity furnishes an idea of the impulse which has been given to business since the late events." The following account of the coinage by the mint of Paris during the last six years, shows the extra ordinary increase of gold currency within the last last twelvemonth. In 1816 the amount coined was 2,086,420 fr. ; 1847, 7,706,020 fr. ; 1+44 , 4, 39,697,7401 r.; 1819, 27,118),360; 1830, 8.5,192,390; and in 1831 (first 10 months), 231,583,220 fr. ; making a total for the six years of 410,383,330 fr. The metallic reserve of the Bank of France has declined of a million in Paris, and 4 millions in the branch banks. The discount accommodation has fallen off 1 million in Paris, and increased 1; millions in the branch banks—the amount of the former being 31,524,088 ft., and of the latter 73,333,346 francs. On the side of the liabilities the notes in cireu-1 lation have increased nearly 7i millions in Paris, and declined nearly of a million in the deparments. The [account-current of the Treasury has increased nearly 4 millions, the present amount being 70,222,700 fr. General accounts-current at Paris have fallen off nearly 5 millions, and increased 1 million in the provinces, the amount of the former being 107,489,803 fr., and of the latter 31,310,110 fr. The whole amount of the metallic reserve is now 362 1 , millions, to 3761 millions of notes in eircula, tion. At the Bourse, the funds nearly recovered from the fall of yesterday. The Five per Cents. rose 60c., closing at 101 fr. 10c.; and the Threes rose 30c., and closed at Crlfr. 30e. Railways were rather better, without much variation. LOUIS NAPOLEON AND THE MONEYED The alleged acquiescence of the moneyed or prop= class in Louts NAPOLEON ' S usurpation has ea much conversation. A distinction must be be made between the frequenters of the Bourse and the great merchants and manufacturers of France. The latter are no doubt alarmed at the progress of 'social and communist doctrines among the proletary classes. They long for a settled government, are averse to universal suffrage, and are not disposed to canvass too rigorously the tenure of any authority which promises them peace and free industrial action. But they expect nothing of the kind from Louis NAPOLEON : on the contrary, they expect to find him developing some peculiar financial and economi cal crotchets of his own. They look upon him as ambitious to found his own peculiar school of socialism. They see that he holds power by the same title as the red republicans, and is likely to exercise it for the same purpose as the communists. They are a timid body ; it may be long before they assume an attitude of avowed hostility and opposition ; but they neither wish to see his government perma nent nor believe that it can be so. It is a very different matter with a numerous and influential circle of the mere money dealers. Even in England here we have a tolerable number of this class whose business it is to speculate in unsound undertakings, relying upon their dexterity in shift ing the risk and burden upon others, when a bubble enterprise is about to break down ; to deal in " time bargains" in the public and other securities; and to mix up opera and kindred speculations with the more legitimate transactions of commerce. Every now and then light is thrown upon the proceedings of this class in the bankruptcy courts; and at the recurrence of a joint-stock company , a joint stock bank, or a railway mania, trey come out from their lurking places in alarming numbers. But, in this country, where legitimate coin ' mercial and manufacturing enterprise by its full development gives the law to the money market, this class is kept within safe bounds. In Paris it is much more numerous and influential. Its members are the legitimate deseendauts of the asso ciates of Mississippi Law, and the agents of the fermiers g, , nirraux. They arc more conversant with dealings with improvident and spendthrift govern ments and with bubble speculations than with com mercial transactions. And the imperfectly developed trade and manufacturing industry of France offers them a more restricted field of legitimate monetary transactions. The frequenter of the Bourse and the regular gambler with his opera connexions, are less maikcdly disassociated in France than in England. Now the liaisons between the Elysee and this disreputable or equivocal portion cf the monied classes is notorious ; and their active com plicitly in the enterprise of Louis NAPOLEON is rendered at least probable by the state of the French funds since his coup Herat. But though weak and wicked governments have often derived temporary aid in France from such allies, no per manent tenure of power has ever been ensured by their aid. The career that lies before Louis NAPOLEON is as clearly defined for him at this moment as if he had actually run through it. His organ, the Condit's tionnel, declares that he reigns in right of " the vote and the sabre." 'rhe proportion of the political cle ment to the military in this combination is somewhat like ilitstaft half-penny worth of bread to his gallons of suck. The instruments and councillors of LOUIS NAPOLEON are the army ; his financial mini sters must be the unscrupulous stock-jobbers. So long as there is money in the country his specula tors at the Bourse will be able to get him a share of it; but with trade and manufactures languishing, how long will that be? And as for the army, "point trargent, point de Suisse," Louis NAPOLEON knows that he has no support but the army. His appeal to the electors is a bare faced farce. lie calls upon them not to decide by their votes who is to he President, but to declare whether he or nobody is to be President. And us for the election of the legislature, all the leading politi cians are either mewed up in prison, or at large on the understanding that lie may send them back as soon as it suits his convenience. What guarantee has any opposition candidate that he may not be sent to pr eon if lie has the slightest chance of being elected. And what is a legislature without news papers? There are sixteen subscribers in Prussia to the official reports of the proceedings in the Chambers. Without newspapers there can be no publicity for parliamentary debate, and without publicity debates are useless. The imprisonment of journalists and par liamentary leaders with which Loris NstroLEost has begun, must be persevered in if he would retain power. The moment these men are set at liberty they will resume their vocation, and the manner in which he has treated them shows his consciousness that either he or they must be put down. The seeming strength of the ex-President is illu sory or transitory. It is the image of NEM:CHAD. SUZARN dream—the clay and brass bearing a most disproportionate ratio to the rest of the compound. The contest in which he has engaged is one of brute force against ideas ; of the ultimate result of such a contest in a nation so vivacious and so intelligent as Prance there can be no doubt. SPAIN. The Herald() of the lath announces that Lord Howden had presented to the Minister of Finance, in the name of the London bondholders, a protest against what they term a confiscation of the 50 per cent. which was diminished on the Coupons. Lord }Lowden was said to have caused the document to be legalised by a notary at Madrid, to use it at a proper moment. GERMANY. A telegraphic despatch from Vienna, given in the Kreuz-Zeitung, states that " the sisters of Kossuth will be shortly removed to Pesth." A letter from Hanover states that four of the committee chosen to report on the treaty with the Zollverein are declared advocates of the incorpora tion, and that in the Chamber itself the predominant opinion is in its favour. There is little doubt there. fore that the treaty will be affirmed. The Ha noverian Chambers are about to adjourn till January. The ICrettz Zeitung states that there is a probabi lity of the Emperor and Empress of Russia visiting Berlin during . the ensuing spring. The Austrian cabinet has announced in a new circular note to the German government that, though it regrets Prussia will not accept its invita tion to send an envoy to the Commercial Congress to be held at Vienna, this refusal will not make any alteration in its plan, and that the Conference will be held as appointed. BERLIN, Dec. 17. Louis Napoleon is said to have given the Prussian government and other great continental powers the most formal assurance of his intention to preserve peace and devote all his force to the repression of the anarchical elements within the French confines. - - The German postal union will embrace, from the let January next, the whole of the German and Austrian states, including, therefore, Gallicia, Hun gary, Siebenburgen and Lombardy. The highest postage for a half-ounce letter within this territory will be threepence half-penny. As regards foreign countries the strictest reciprocity will be observed. The union will immediately reduce its postage to the same rate which any foreign country may . fix; so that every foreign government has it in its own power to decide what a letter to and from the union shall cost. _ The soldiers of the Berlin garrison were forbidden this morning to smoke in the streets in future, as they had been in the habit of doing since the last resolution. Of course they will be rather sulky, unless the same restraint be renewed, as in former times, for civilians. The federal corps of twelve thousand men, to be stationed near Frankfurt, is already marching to the quarters designated for it. ARIGNA IRON AND COAL COMPANY.—Yesterday, ' the Master in Chancery Senior, m►de his report to the effect, that upon a pr.. liminary inquiry into the circumstances of this company, he found it expedient and necessary that they should be wound up. It appeared from the evidence before him that the company was established to encourage the working of mines in Ireland by means of Engli.h capital— that there were claims amounting to about 1,0001. to be paid off, and a considerable sum invested to be divided. THE LEVANT. The Davit' ' in a letter from Constantinople of the sth, gives the following account of a difference which had arisen between the Governor of the Dardanelles and the Austrian and Swedish vice-consuls : A circumstance of rather a serious nature has just taken place at the Dardanelles. M. A. Gormetano, the Swedish Ar Ace-consul, and who is also attached to the Austrian vice. consulate, has been publicly insulted and ill-treated by the servants of Hussein l'acha, the civil governor of the Dar danelles, and in presence of that function:try. The Porte having written to Hussein Pacha, charging him to pay strict attention that the streets were kept clean, he went through the town, followed by his servants, enjoining the proprie tors of the different shops to clean that part of the Street opposite their premises, while he at the some time ordered •uiu,nuy punishment to be inflicted on those who did not execute his orders with sufficient promptitude. An Austrian subject not having obeyed the orders of the Pucha, the servants of Hussein were told to gather up the mud before his shop, and throw it into the place and over his goods. In continuing his rounds the Pacha came to the house of the Swedish vice-consul, who had not attended to the orders given. Ile reproached him violently on the subject, in reply to which the latter invoked his privileges, but one of the servants of the radio fell on him and struck him. All this took place in the street, In presence of a crowd of people and of the Pucha himself, who made no effort to prevent the violence. Ou the same day the Austrian and Swedish vice-consuls struck their flags, and placed the subjects of their respective countries under the protection of Russia. On the following day the Pacha sent for all the vice consuls, but, instead of seeking to excuse the scenes of the previous day, he made use of very un becoming language to them, and, having refused every kind of satisfaction, a complaint has been made at Constantinople on the subject. TUREI MEN KILLED.—On Wednesday an acci dent occurred at No. 2 coal-pit, Busby, by which three men have been killed. The men were engaged, we understand, in stooping, when suddenly a part of the roof falling, buried three of them under it. Immediate steps were taken for the recovery of the bodies; one has been got out, and the others will likely be got out in the course of the day. The names of the individuals thus suddenly bereft of life art Charles O'Neil, Adam Harris, and Gil bert Reid. All of them were married, but, with the ex ception of one of them, have no children.—AyrsAirs Ob server. _ _ • %V ORCEBTER CORN EXCllANGE.—Yesterday the Master in Chancery Fairer proceeded with the settlement of this company's affairs. From the report of the official manager it appeared that the ascertained liabilities amounted to 3,38.51., with calls on shares unpaid. The a. , sets consieted of 1,700/. realised from the sale of the Corn Exchange building, at Worcester. Mr. Roxburgh, on be half of several shareholders, took an objection to proceed ing further, on the ground that within three months of the execution of the subscribers' agreement there were not GOO shares subscribed for, and the Master adjourned the meet ing to Tuesday next, in order that the fact might be ascer tained and argued. AMERICA. (By Electric Teteraph.) (PROM OUR OWN CoRREsPoNDRNT.) LlVEltpooL, S.ATVIttpAY.MORN/N4 At half-past nino this morning the Royal Mail steam-ship Asia arrived here from Boston, which portshclaenftdo6n4 passengers.theth inst. She brings 82,00% in specie Business had been much interrupted at New York by the excitement of the Kossuth agitation. Kosmth was still at New York. The President had despatched his son, M. P. Pill. more, to Now York, to welcome Kossuth on behalf of the Executive, and to invite him to visit Washington. Advices from Nicaragua of the I , lth ultimo an. nounce the defeat and capture of Minoq and all his force. Advices from Valparaiso, to the 25th of October, state the rebel army in Chili, numbering 13,009 men, had been repulsed by the government troops, an d a large number killed and taken prisoners. Her Majesty's steamer Gorgon had captured the rebel steamer Araca, and taken her into Valparatm. Late advices from Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia state that those places are perfectly tranquil. The United States steam-ship Ohio, from rliagres and Havannah, arrived at New York on the 7th inst., with 1.1,17.5 deli. in gold dust on freight. Stocks and securities were firm. The failure 4 Hicks and Co. (old shipping house) of New York i, announced. The money market was slightly caster. The market for breadstuffs was firm. IQVlsotis;teady ; mess pork, 151 ; prime, The cotton market at New York was quiet, and business to a moderate extent only had been done. Prices wore quite steady. New Orleans and mid. fair to fair, 91c. to 9Ze. per lb. ; Upland, fair to fair, 8.-;e. to 9c. Western Canal flour, 4 dole. to 4 dots. 121 c. !Yr barrel, steady ; Gennessee prime wheat, I dol. to 1 dol. 22c. per 601bs. ; Indian corn, round yell. o. 60e. to 62c. per bushel ; Indian meal, 3 dots. V.e. to 3 dots. 37ie. per barrel. Freights were unaltered in quotations. Exchange on London, 1101 to 1101; Paris, 5.13, Hamburg, 36 to 361 ; Bremen, 781 to 4. NEW ORLEANS, Die. c. Cotton firm and active. Sales, 12,000 bales middling, a 71 cents. per lb. Receipts of the day, 18,000 bales, bele: the largest of the season. Vbe Court. OSBORNE, Fat oar The Queen and Prince took their usual early uw yesterday morning with the Royal children. Sir George Grey remained oa a visit, and left early morning for London. The Marchioness of Douro has also left for Landon. The Court will leave Osborn to-morrow morning ai past 10 o'clock for Windsor Castle. The Duchess of Kent, attended by Lady Anna NI Dawson, arrived at Clarence House, St. Jam.s's, morning, from her residence, Frogmore, near We, Her Royal Highness paid a visit to the Duclicss of tas, ter, at Gloucester House ; and in the afternoon left towi her return to Frogmore. Sir George Grey arrived in town yeatertlay, from a to ker Majesty at Osborne, Isle of \% tight. The Osford University Commission had a meetint; y • day at the official residence of the First Lord of the Tn., in Downtng-street. Present: The Bishop of Norwich. Dean of Carlisle, the Muster of Pembroke, the 11,v. II Liddell, 3. L. Dampier, Esq., the 11ev. G. 11. S. Juin and the 11ev. A. P. Stanley (secretary). Despatches were scut off yesterday from the Cob. office to the Governors of the North Ainerican Despatches were also gent off to the Uovernors of 11. Kong, Ceylon, and Malta, and to the Lord High Cone uioncr of thu Imkian Islands. A Cabinet Council will be held at the Foreign Oil on Monday next, at two o'clock. Henry Revell Reynolds, Esq., has been appoint Solicitor of the Treasury, in the room of the late Mr. Mx and Mr. Greenwood, Q C., is named as likely to suet him. Mr. Hitchcock, Master of the Irish Exchequer, I also been mentioned as a probable successor to the rut office. INDISPOSITION OF LORD PANNITRE.—Tito seri , indisposition of Lord Paninure is announced by the SCI papers. The latest accounts state his lordship to li slightly rallied. TILE PREMIER AND TUE MANCHESTI REFORM CONFERENCE. At the late Reform Conference held at Manche-I , the following resolution was adopted :—" That the fob ing gentlemen be a deputation for the purpose of RI hi an interview with Lord John Russell, to represent to li the general views of this conference, and to urge upon I, the propriety of introducing a mouture of reform calcul.t to meet the views and expectations of this conference The Right lion. T. M. Gibson, M.P., It. Cobden, M.I J. Bright, M.P., Sir Joshua Walinsley, M.P., J. lierdia M.P. John Williams, M.P., Sir E. Armitage, Gun Wilson, Manchester; Alderman Forbes, Bradford • Ald man Carhutt, Leeds • Edward Baines, Leeds; F. e7rossf , Halifax; George dailfteld, James Watts, Manchest H. Ashworth, Bolton; I'. J. Dixon, Carlisle; the had vast of Edinburgh; G. W. Harrison, Wakefield; AV. 13s Leicester; R.W. Philips, Manchester; W. Rawson, Manch ter; C. E. Rawlins, Liverpool ; and Charles Potter, Dam , Mr. Milner Gibson was requested on the part of these at Remus to lose no time in set king an interview with t Premier, but on reaching London we believe that he fou his lordship had left town for Woburn Abbey. The h. gentleman has since written to Lord John Russell to the honour of an interview for the deputation, and following is the reply : " Woburn Abbey, Dec.'l3, "Lord John Russell prestnts his compliments to M, Milner Gibson, and is sorry he cannot receive a deput , t , from the conference which was lately held at Manehist , on the subject of parliamentary reform. " It appears to him that there would be great Levy venience in receiving deputations from parieular on a subject of this nature, in which the whole country interested." THE BISHOP OF EXETER AGAIN. Another instance of episcopal severity has re cently taken place in the diocese of Exeter. The Ilibbert Newton was nominated to the curacy of Thomas the Apostle, Exeter, by the vicar, the Rev. tt • Howard, his testimonials having been approved of by the Church Pastoral Aid Society. There is a district chapel at the little hamlet of Exwick parish, about a mile from the church, the charge of which devolved upon the rev. Oman. His zeal and diligence gaixed him the esteem the incumbent, and the love of his flock. Tho Ilisletp of Exeter, however, suspecting, as it is said, from his t.s• timonials, that he was not " sound" on the baptismal reav neration question, called upon him to submit to an exami nation. lie did so, and, after a good deal of worrying, ", found unsound," and he has now been suddenly st o Or d from mini.tering to the parish by the monition of the bishop, which forbids hint from officiating in the dinc,,e. The district chapel was obliged to be closed for two sums sive Sundays in consequence, and the duck left without shepherd. The parishioners were much hurt at this prw cedure, and are getting up a subscription for the benefit of the rev. gentleman, who has been thus suddenly deprived of his memo of living LATEST FOREIGN EXCHANGES. Per Accottot. !hr PARIS. D. Mon , y. rOPeoing Hlgbest Lowest I Goo& 3 per Cents.....- 11575 1 .r575'64 30 ' 63 73 61 7) 5 per Cents. ..... -.- 100 110 100 50 101 20 100 IU WI ti I per Centa. 14 do. Now loan -. I .. ... ••. •"3 par Conte. . ; Exchange on :at Melt, 23 15 9O demo, 23 0. Belgian, 5, 100) lOO Money. NYVILIS Mentes __,-- 11 "/ Do. 5, 10,2 — ... Boman Loan, ISM- mt ••• Do. 44 - Do. 24 — 1 Treuuty Bondi ... 01 • Pielosoot su. Cent O7 50... l &ink Shares . - 23 70 • ' PARIS, Dec. 19.—St. Germain, 455; . srenailles (r.gl''• bank ), 14) ; do. AA is bank), 212 00 ; Par and Iril- ans. 1. 0723 '' ) 1.." and Wines, 612 50 ; Wean and Havre, 237 50 ; Marseilles an 1 k• goon, 215: Strasbourg and Bale, 175 ; Centre, 14 73 ; 000 . 4 “`..;,. Amiens, 270; Orleans and Bordeaax, 393 ; Northern, 51 0 ) i and •Ank•hrturg. 41675; Tour. and Nantes. 577 59; Moon/rev.; sa Troy!ss, 117 50 ; Dieppe and Feoamp, 2.U. MADRID, DEC. 13.—Three per Cents., J. ; alt er Bolas, 37{ c. Four per Cents., —. Fire Prr AN t , Cents., 161 ; after Boise, 161. Coupons, — _ ' ; I Bolaa, 7i. Passives, 5 7-1 6 ; after 13°1.1, 5 7 l'' Bank of St. Ferdinand, 99 p. Exchange on Loder. 50.50. BERLIN, DEC. 17.—Voluntary Loan , 102 ; N`ll,l Loan, Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 1011; Debt, 89 ; Commercial Marine Society's primp' 120. Bank Share, 981. VIENNA, DEC. 18.—Five per Cent. M2!etalliqet 93,1 • Four-and-a-Half per Cent. ditto, 2. Shat:es, 12.40. Exchange on London, 12.17. • APOTIIECARIF.S' HALL—Names of genticurcu.n: I passed their examination in the science and runt. medicine, and received certificates to pr actise, onlibundi 18th DeCember, 1851:—Henry_ John Harrison, Lood',' Frederick Brooker Fulcker, M a id s tone ; Albert tl." Newcastle-on-Tyne ; Joaiah Ramskill, Leeds; Iti"' Evans, Devonport ; Robert Brockman Newhouse, Dv, Henry Powell Bannister ; James I,l' Caen, 'rtail& I