The Express. — London, England, 1851-09-12 00:00:00

Ititt enartlso. TO CORRESPONDENTS. A Seem! Ed ice el The Wm.." ewitalsist • be woo " Gorrite," Y Wayb every Touchy sae !May aiskt, fa tbce kw pod. Adoccuomerets Mewled lee "TM Esprme," Lemke Evvoia( payer, nut be ye In tidace. io. Acovwcowawee. b Two o'clock ea the ef pobbeeboa. MOH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tau Une—Voroften, lb. lb. -Afternoon, 3b. lea Twnesnen—ftlonftsg, lenn. -Afternoon, in. Mo. LONDON, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBEI 12. A wow. useful or valuable body of information was certainly never communicated to the public than that which the Daily Airs has found means of printing in its columns. We allude to the ev idence taken before the Income Tax Committee. And we must confess, that on perusing it,we arc more than it * loss to account for the desire on the part of minis ten to suppress or withhold one single day from the tax-payers that which is so vitally important for them to be acquainted with. The income-tax has been voted for a short period. The subject comes on again speedily for discussion; and it is not on the very eve of such a discussion that people ought to receive information and then he ready with such opinion and expressions of opinion, as would influence the legislature in their consi deration of such a question. Nothing can be more contradictory of preconceived ideas, and even of the dogmas of the treasury bench, than the testimony which came forth before tho committee. Nor could any disclosures be more cal culated to remove the universally entertained objec tions to direct taxation in general, and to the income tax if fairly assessed, than the admissionsof the chief officials employed in its collection. There existed a series of prejudices, one might call them axioms, relative to the income-tax, which pro cured its silent condemnation by numbers of men. thee prominent point of belief with respect to it was, that whilst real property could not escape a fraction of its percentage, the happy denizens of Schedule 1) were able to make such arbitrary returns of the in conics derived by them from trades and professions, that their contributions to the revenue by means of direct taxation were completely below other men's mark, and altogether illusory. The testimony of Mr. Pliwsskv and Mr. WELSIT completely contradicts this. Far from admitting that tradesmen, merchants, or professional men make false returns, or returns unfair to the revenue and to the rest of the community, these officials declare that nothing can be more easy than to form a due estimate of a tradesman's profits. Common fame is seldom wrong in the apprts:iation of his income, and, if there he doubt, there are his books, an uner ring standard to appeal to. In the ease of mer chants, the same authorities tell us that their habit is to make returns much oftener in excess than the contrary, and that instead of claiming an exemption for losses they had much rather conceal and say nothing about them. Mr. Wmsit bears the same testimony with respect to lawyers. And the testimony of Mit. l'itEssi.v guts strongly to the conclusion, that instead of the owner of real pnqx-rty paying rigidly the full amount of the income-tax, whilst predisesional men and tradesmen can shirk it, the very contrary is the truth: the full amount of its liabifity being inure often gut rid of by real pro- PertY. That the reverse of this was indisputably the awe was the gnat, and almost tole, reason fur resisting the proposal of alt jar ventage upon earners than upon proprietors, and upon life interests dm upon permanent ones. So sweeping and invidious an accusation agsinst a large class of the community of systematically defrauding the reviune was nut indeed openly made, but it was more than hinted and implied, and without its truth being admitted, ministerial excuses for being unable to make it ditferentv between the two kinds of pro perty are unintelligible and absurd. M hen the result of this testimony of the income tax officials themselves is tansidered, and when the testimony of those who described the American mode of levying their income tax arc considered and taken together, it is but reasonable to expect that every public man —minister or nut a minister—will arrive at the session of IN: ;! with the settled opinion, that the income-tax can be adjusted as a lair and equable and most inexpensive mode of levy ing from each a certain portion of that which the stater nets:milks require. Were the burdens of the country what they ought to be, its whole taxation should be levied in this fashion. We feel, however, that this is impossible, and will for a long time be impossible. Fur we feel all the inconvenience and danger of screwing the income-tax to a point that would make the compari son of the Englishman's burdens to those of the foreigner so sensible as to act as a direct premium upon the emigration of skill, capacity, and capital. Much, however, may be dune to render the income tax more productive, and even less costly- in levying, by doing away with exemptions. Indeid, those on real capital might almost all be swept away, at least fur future provision and investments. It is no doubt tantamount to a diminution in the rate of interest. lint when that is understood beforehand by those who invest, and by those who are to depend upon the interest, injustice is done away with, and none are mulcted beyond what they bargained for and must have expected.. It is. however, for the minister to take these new lights intoconsideration, and fur the Cif INCEI.LOII of the Exciiittent, we trust a new and efficient one, to come forward, no longer with the excuse of impossi bility. 1 a hiding of his feebleness under the gabar dine of l'irr and of PEEL, but with evidence that he has grappled with the question, and at least attempted a solution. Tin' Times scolds Prince SCRWARZENBERG for not having followed up his military conquest of llun gary. of Italy, and finally of Prussia, by granting free institutions to the peoplo of the Austnan em pire 'rhe Turns rejoiced an every triumph of the Austrian army, did its utmost to further its loan, and scouted every constitutionalist and every liberal that raised hand or pen against this ascendancy of the HAYNM'S and A minsenGttArzes. Hu the Tim, a read history ? Did it ever in the pages of any history yet discover that an absolute —or, above all, a conquering sovereign, ever did grant lice institutions to his people ? Did ever any nation vet obtain free institutions and self-develop ment by any other means than by wresting them from their sovereign, and enjoying them as tho fruits of b o ld hearts and hands, of self-sacrifice and of resistance Never. The only chance for Germany and Germans to have acquired, or laid the foundation of constitu tional liberty in these three momentous years, was their having successfully resisted the military force brought against them, and won their freedom as Englishmen, as Frenchmen, as Americans. as Swiss, as every country that is free has done, by the sword. We know all the inconvenience, the anarchy, nay-, the possible horrors of successful popular re sistance. But unfortunately it is the only avenue to freedom, and the most orderly and loyal of popu lations—our own for example—has passed through that avenue and followed that path. There is no ex ception for the Germans. If ever they are to be free, or to have a constitution, they must conquer it. They had undergone all the trouble, the anarchy, the inconvenience and losses, necessarily attendant ou such a struggle. All they wanted was to succeed, and to enforce constitutional guaran tees on their ignorant and reluctant sovereigns. But these appealed not to their own bayonets only, but to those of Russia. The Times and its followers were delighted thereat, and clapped their hands in ciultation at the tread ing down of the people and the crushing of their hopes. And now, forsooth, they affect to bo sur pnied thit it has led simply to the establishment of the old, and worse than the old, absolutism. How could politicians, so acute as the Times, sup rose that it could lead to any thing else ? In despot ism, as in constitutionalism, public affairs and public men advance by the aid of parties. SCIIWAUEN- Butu has not prevailed ssithont having been sup ported by the whole body of reactionists, of men interested in the old order of things, men belonging to the c Just, the aristocracy, and to office. These have been his intimates, his friends, his counseliots : anti you would have him, after con quering be them, turn from them and adopt the con stitutionalists, whose friends he has shot and hanged, and whose party he has scattered, either in exile or through thu thousand prisons of the empire. Does the Times suppose that Prince SCHWARZENBERG, having won his ascendancy by the army, can do without the army? Does it suppose that he could set aside the military chiefs, and esta blish even civilian government in any P province P Or does the Times suppose that the King of m:sus, for example, after having turned his back on the constitution of his kingdom, and the constitutionalists of Germany, to give himself up entirely to his little tory aristocracy, and his old officials, could by any means get hack to the position he has abandoned, or take other instruments than those into whose hands l i he has fallen ? No—neither monarchs nor ministers have that full liberty of action, which can change at any moment. There are turns in their career, crises in their fate, which depend on the courage, the wisdom, and disinterest edness of their decision. But when wanting on those great occasions, no after-thought can recover them ; and the most despotic minister or king is borne along with a current as strong as is the weakest and most insignificant of their subjects and inferiors. As to Prince SCIINUtUENDERG now granting a constitu tion, he could no more do it than the SULTAN could establish Calvinism as the religion of his dominions. The Austrian dynasty and rAyinte is supported he corporals and sergeants, by the guard-house and tfic drill. Its life, its force, and what is called its i • administration, s there. And we defy an Austrian minister to find confidence,obedienee, or solid support elsewhere. What the Times asks of Prince SCIWAR ZENIIERG is simply an impossibility. German governments, and German princes have proved them selves utterly incapable of anything but absolut ism, and the only possible mode of extricat ing the country from such a disgrace and such a misfortune, is a renewal of popular resist ance. The Germans have, in fact, their revolution to make over again. They will think some time ere they attempt it, for it implies the necessity of dealing with a million of bayonets. But as to hoping for any degree of freedom, or any even expenment or shadow of constitutional govern ment from any other source, he must be utterly ignorant of Germany, of the German people, and of German princes, who dreams of it. Indeed in no country has an octmyed constitution ever yet suc ceeded. rreedom is one of those things that must be won, and hardly won, and by the people them. selves; the idea of its being given, and gratuitously, from a general's tent, or a court eamarilla, is an ab surdity. And the Timex, though it fondles such an idea, well knows its worthlessness. FRANCE. PARIS, TIIVItiDtT EVT.NINO. M. (lupin has just pronounced, at the agricultural meeting of the Nicvre, one of those popular speeches in which he seasons politics with a homely senten tiousness aptly to the relish of his moral listeners. Through the prudent reserve which the president of the Assembly maintains generally, two points stand out from this speech with sharp distinetnes.s—namely, that no revision but a strictly legal one is to be dreamed of, and that the essential matter in 18.32 is to get a good Assembly}•. The passage enforcing the latter view is so remarkable, that I give it verbally : The essential business is to have a good Legislative As sembly; for, with a revolutionary Assembly treading in the steps of the Convention the best' president would be soon devoured, whilsty with an Assemb ly of firm, capable, tried men, a president, were he even socialist, would be easily curbed and kept within bounds. This is highly important, as showing that the leading men of the Assembly, who stickle tiir legality, are prepared to conform so strictly to the law as to admit the sway of a socialist president rather than desert the legal ground. On the other hand, no thing can better expose the main vice of the present constitution, than the assurance that, under the pre sent order of things, the legislature can elkctually control and paralise the executive power. M. I is said to have announced to some friends that he was about to pay a visit of some few days to Englund, and then return to preside over the C:om mittee of Permanence. You are aware that the famous plot detected by M. Culler has been daily losing that terrible and atrocious character, wherein it was at first dressed by the cre dulous creatures of the prefect of police. In fact it seems the discovery of secreted anus has been limited to a bmee of buttoned foils and the duellingsabre of a Ger man student; fifty of the supposed ringleaders have been dismissed, and Marchais, the secretary of Ledru Rollin, pronounced guiltless of treasonable practices against the state. People were prepared to see the last vestiges of this notable conspiracy removed by the liberation of the remaining prisoners, when M. earlier's humour for _protecting society by cramming the cells of the Rue Maxus has burst out into fresh activity. A regular razzia has been made upon the habitations of the thirty Hungarians who reside in Paris. The apartments of M. Vucovicz, Kossuth's Minister of Justice, have been visited with the mi nutest scrutiny ; all his papers seized and ex amined, and he himself threatened with expul sion ; but, nothing appearing against him, he has been left unmolested further. I understand that Colonel Kiss do Nemeskir, who commanded at Buda for the Diet previous to Windischgratz's occupation of that fortress, was yesterday morning arrested in his lodgings, and conveyed to the prefec ture of police. Col. Kiss has been very quietly . pursuing the study of his profession as military engineer; his arrest has thrown his friends and fellow-countrymen into consternation, and the greater part of' them tremble under the apprehension of a similar blow. If it should turn out that the government of Louis Napoleon is undertaking a systematic persecution of foreign refugees, merely to gratify the vindictive rage of the German and Russian courts, the punish ment of such meanness may be safely left in the hands of those who will be shortly his judges—the French people. In the meanwhile, Paris is really growing as Intolerable in the respect of being worried by the police as Naples. King Ilomba himself could hardly devise a more monstrous proclamation than that which is now posted up all over Paris, menacing with expulsion all resident foreigners who do not present themselves personally to M. earlier in the course of the week. The nuisance of this despotic piece of absurdity has been sufficiently , manifested during the two first days of the week. The throng of M. earlier's visitors in the Rue do Jerusalem has been such that many have to wait several hours before they can offer themselves to the desired in spection. This vexatious obligation, the waste of tune, and the troublesome impertinence of a police interrogatory, is more easily borne by Poles, Russians, Germans, and other foreigners, inured to the brutal excesses of power in their own country; but to an Englishman it feels particularly odious, and he blushes with indignation to sec the barbarous prac tices of Russia brought so near to the door of his own country, to satisfy the moody suspicions of dis tant despots, who dwell in constant terror of shadows, and plague all communities exempt from their de tested rule with raking after the victims of their fears or vengeance. The offices at the Prefecture not being able to hold the immense number of foreigners summoned by M. earlier's ukase, the garden of the prefect has been turned into a waiting-place, and counters to mark the rank of each in the expectant file are distributed. The execution of this decree of police sill be extended to the departments. The measure was discussed in a cabinet council previous to being decreed by the prefect; and it is said that a bill will be presented next session for converting it into the regular law of the realm. The persecution of the Hungarians at Paris is the result of a runtre-coup at Vienna for the liberation of Kossuth. I may mention. by the way, that Kos suth is expected to laud at Southampton on the 6th of October, the anniversary of the murder of Count Latour at Vienna, of the butchery of Louis Bathy any at Pesth, and of the other Hungarian generals at Arad. Kossuth will embark at the port near Broussa. As the American steamer destined to convey this liberated patriot to England is out of repair, he will embark on hoard an English steamer. I have this afternoon received news of the libera tion of Colonel Kiss. He was seized as president of the Hungarian committee. This position was held by Count 'folcky, who is absent. and has since de volved upon M. Vukovricz. Colonel Kiss was obliged to pass the night in confinement at the Prefecture; was submitted to a searching interrogatory this morning as to his connexion with schemes for revo lutionising Europe, and then liberated with the inti mation that he would receive orders to quit Paris in three dace. Several other Hungarians are menaced with immediate expulsion. When the conduct of the French government towards the Hungarian refugees is completely known, I shall be prepared to give you full particulars as to the disgraceful be haviour of the authorities on this matter. Thus the heir of the conqueror of Austerlitz and Marengo con deicends to impose upon his ministers and highest functionaries an implicit and servile obedience to the dictates of the Austrian court, and harasses and ex- Feb the unfortunate exiled champions of Hungarian independence, at the bidding of the executioners of Bathyany. The French Mediterranean squadron, under the command of Admiral Parseval-lleschenee, has just returned to Toni m. _ A newspaper of Martinique has been seized for copying an article of M. ScheeLeber, who is to be pro secuted for the authorship. The Moniteur contains a decree promulgating the convention of February 5, 1848, between his then Majesty, Louis Philippe, and the free Hanseatic town of Hamburg, for the reciprocal extradition of fugitive criminals in France and Hamburg. Another decree directs that rough cast iron (funk brute), destined to be made up into machinery for re-exportation, shall hereafter be admitted into I France duty free, whether arriving by sea or land, land whether in French ships, or the ships of the ex porting country. In the latter case a declaration of Ithe ongin of the iron will be required. Sufficient security must be given for the re-exportation, or re placement in bond of the weight of metal imported. Notwithstanding the want of animation at the Bourse, the funds experienced today considerable fluctuations. The Fives closed with a fall of 45 centimes at 91.80. The Threes fell 35 centimes, and closed at 55.85. ITALY. NAPLES. The Omnibus of Naples announces that the theatre of San Carlo, in that capital, is to be opened for se veral successive nights, for the benefit of the victims of the late earthquake in the province of Basilicata. The celebrated composer, lii Giosa, has promised to write a new opera gratuitously for the purpose, and several distinguished singers have offered their ser vices on the same philanthropic terms. Our Naples correspondent writes, on the 4th, that Poerio is still in bed in his dungeon at Ischia, chained to the wall. lie adds: " His Neapolitan Majesty very narrowly escaped death on Saturday last. The king was driving some members of the royal family in the vicinity of the Caserta Railway, and was about to cross the line, not observing a train was rapidly. advancing. A coun tryman rushed forward and held the horses' heads, to the great consternation of his majesty, who, not percetving the danger, imagined a hostile intention on the part of the man who was in fact saving his life. Late accounts from the scene of the terrible ' earthquake by no means diminish the accredited extent of loss of life and property. tip to the pre ' sent moment the government is unable to publish the returns, as excavations continue. Every assistance has been offered to the sufferers, and we have con certs and theatrical representations in aid of the inhabitants of Melfi, so many of whom are homeless and in poverty." THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 12. 1851. GERMANY. BERLIN, SEPT. 9. The Hannorer Zedung communicates the following resolution of the Blind, under the date of the 23M August: The Federal Assembly demands of the several federal governments to examine the institutions that have been called into existence since 1818; and, if they should not be found in harmony with the constitution of the Blind, to make the requisite alterations without de lay. In case any governments should meet with hindrances in carrying out this object in a constitutional way, they will have to consider whether it will be necessary to have a commission from the Blind to effect their purpose. The Mind has determined to appoint a committee to make a report OR such cases, and also with all expedition to draw up the plan of a feder al law of the press to oppose and cor rect the at present prevailing abuses of the press. Two or three ambassadors, the Hanoverian paper adds, pleaded want of instructions for not acceding to this resolution. The same paper communicates another resolution, of the 16th August : 1. That all propositions duly! and formally presented to the Bond should, after the expiration of fourteen days, be examined. 2. That all governments, for the sake of the despatch of business should furnish their ambassadors, from the beginning with sufficient instructions. 3. That when further instructions are required, a delay, previous to coming to a resolution should be granted, of not less than 11 days and not longer than a month. After which delay any motion would be passed without respect to the plea of want of instructions. THE LEVANT. The screw-steamer Livorno arrived at Southamp ton last night from the Mediterranean. Her dates are: Patras, Aug. 26, and Gibraltar, Sept. 3. ller cargo consisted of fruit from the Gulf of Lefanto, amounting to 300 tons. A dispute took place be tween the British and native merchants at Patras respecting the prices fixed on for the season's fruit. The Greek government interfered to protect native growers. The dispute was so serious that violence WAS apprehended, and the commanders of the British merchantmen in the harbour were prepared to fire on the town. The Greek government at length gave way. Greece is in a wretched state. Brigands and pirates abound in the country and on the neighbour ing seas. A Greek vessel of war brought in to Patras harbour during the stay of the Livorno there a large number of prisoners belonging to the above-named desperate and lawless class, who had been captured near Mesalonghi and in the Gulf of Patras. LATEST FOREIGN EXCHANGES. (By Electric Telegraph.) ANTWERP, SEPT. 11.—Five per Cent. Mctalliques, 79; • Five per Cent. Ardoins, 141. Three per Cent. Inland, 3-11. Russian Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 100. Exchange on London. 25.111, BRI:SriELS, SEPT. 11.—Belgian Five per Cents., —; Ditto Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 931. Exchange on London, 25.171. BERLIN, SEPT. 10.—Voluntary Loan, 1061. Na tional Debt, 881. Russian Four-and-Half per Cents., 1001. VIENNA, SEPT. 10.—Five , per Cent. Metalliques, 93% Bank Shares, 1246; price of Gold, 251; ditto, Silver, 181. Exchange on London, 11.39; on Paris, 139-1. AMSTERDAM, SEPT. 10.—Fire per Cent. Metal liques, 77 ; Five per Cent. Spanish Ardoins, 1.12 ; Three per Cent. Inlauds, 34 11-16 ; Russian Four and-a-Half per Cents., —; Two-and-a-Half per Cent. Integrals, 58f. Exchange on London, 11.871. liammato, SEPT. 10.—Three per Cents. Spanish Inland, 32.1. Russian Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 971. MADRID, SEPT. 6.—Three per Cents., 361; after Bolsa, 361. Four per Cents., at 151 ; after Bolsa, Five per Cents., at 171; after Bolsa, 171. l'assives, 61; a ft er Bolsa , 61. Coupon s a t 81 ; a ft er Bolas, 81. Bank of St. Ferdinand, —; after Bolsa, 1 100. Exchange on London, after Bolsa, 41 cash. NAPLES, SEPT, 4.—Neapolitan Fires, 101. Ex change on London, alp. For Anneal. PAWS, Balm 11. I Poe ll Monty. rOpening Highest Lined ' Closing. . I 3 per Guts. 3 per Cents. , 92 IS 92 9,S 92 30 91 80 91 90 4 per Cents. 44 do. New Loan , 72 7,0 . 3 per Cents. . Exchange as Leaden :at sight, 23,0 ; 90 &re j ig l c., Belgian, 5, 1880 lO2 Massy. Naples Bingo . Do. 5, 19.2 — ... Bolan Loan, 1831 ... 73j ... Do. 41 Do. 24 ... .. , — ... Tranury Bonds Piedmont 30. ....... 60 20 .- Bank Shares -.. _ flit . Pools, SEPT. 11.—Versailles (right ban k) , 91{ 25; ditto Raft bank), 220; Paris and Orleans, 6/0; Parts and Boma, 590; Rotten and Havre, 213; Marveilles and Avignon. 203; Strasbourg and Bale. 141 75; Centre, 433; Boulogne and Amine, 260; Orleans and Baden's:, 304; Northern, 450 73; Paris and Straaboarg, 835; Tours and Nantes, 263; Bordeaux and ;fate, 47 50; St. Germain, 420 73. THE DEATH OF W. BESFEILD, ESQ., M.P. FOR BRADFORD, took place at an early hour yesterday morning, at his residence, Bury-street, St. James's. Mr. Busfeild was in the igth year of his age. DEATH OP MR. THOMSON, LATE SCOTS FUSILIER GUAZDS.—Mr. Thomson, late Quartermaster in the Scots Fusilier Guards (of which regiment Prince Albert is the colonel), died in North Wales on the Gth inst. The late Quartermaster Thomson served with the (Nardi at Water loo. He nad been on the half-pay list since 1837. OXFORD, WORCESTER, AND WOLVERHAMPTON &sum/A.—The viaduct near Kidderminster, and other important works cc this line, hare been commenced. A VISIT TO THE SEAT OF WAR IN KAFFRARIA. (Cootimeed from Um Erprsse of yesterday.) - • Before the erection of this fort, (Fort Pato) the troops encamped on the hill had been often at tacked by parties of the enemy ; and the command ant who bad been in the Kafir pal eL. told us of more than one hand to hand fight :they had bad with them. On one occasion during the erection of the fort, and just after nightfall, the sentry on walking his rounds heard a noise as of something having fallen un the earth. and looking round, he saw some object lying ou the ground about '2O yards from where he was, and which looked to him like the figure of a man. Ile thought it not unlikely that it might be some Kaffir that had leapt the barrier, but who, on finding himself in such close neighbourhood to an armed sentry, had thrown himself flat on the ground in order to elude discovery. On watching it attentively, the object appeared to be slowly approaching him, and he became convinced he was correct in his surmise that it was an enemy in the camp. Still, not caring to alarm the encampment by firing at what might perhaps turn out to be only a stray dog, or even something still more ridiculous, he waited a little, in order to make sure, taking care, however, to be ready for whatever might take place. Some noise was heard at the same time outside, which alarmed hint a little fur the safety of the encampment which he feared was about to experience a night attack. Still he hesitated, until the object coating to within twelve yards of him, in an instant sprang to its feet, and shoved it to be a Kaffir, having the bundle of assegais, or spears in hie left hand, that their warriors always carry, while in his right lie balaricid one forj a second in order to throw it with more deadly aim at the sentry. But the second of time that elapsed was long enough far the sentry to send a bullet through the Kaffir, whiiffi he did while he was in the act of poising his weapon previous to hurling it at him. The alarm was given on the in atant, and almost immediately the commandant was out, together with some men, to inquire into tho nature of the alLiir. The spot where the Kaffir had been shot was marked by a small pool of blood, but the wound:a war rior had already gone. On instituting a search it was found that he had not been able to remove himself far, for coming against a mound of earth, against which he fell, ha wanted strength to raise himself again. In his fall he had broken the assegai iho hail been in the act of throwing and, as his enemies approached, was seen to feel for the blade that he was in the art of clutching, as if in the hope of revenging his death, which he knew to be certain ; but the com mandant sent a bullet through his heart when within a few paces of him, and baulked him of a revenge that would have removed the sting from death. Next morning the traces of numbers of Kattirs were evident in the direction where the man was killed, and the assegais that he carried Ind been removed by those of his companions who hod no doabt resolved with hint upon a midnight attack. We got a relay of hor,es here as well as a fresh escort, awl after half on hour's stroll about the camp set oaf tin Fort Murray. which is the next stop, and is about Li miles from Fort 1 The first part of the way runs through a dense track that is some two miles in extent, and is rather notorious in the annals of Kaffir warfare. It is by far the mast dangerous part of the road, and at present no waggons are allowed to pass through it without doubling their escort. As we rode along, one of our party, who had seen a good deal of Kaffir fighting, gave us a stirring account of an affair that took place here during, I thiuk, the last war. A waggon train was defiling through, escorted by so consider able a party as not to thiuk it necessary to keep en close together as they usually did. When they had advanced about a mile through the bush, the last of the waggons was fired at from among the stones and brushwood that lined the road, and so brisk was the attack that five or six English ' officers, on their way to their regiments, and who were in the rear, were forced to seek shelter in the opposite side of the road, which was of the same nature as that from which they were assailed. Here, adopting the same mode of firing as the Kaffir, and covering themselves with the brush and stones, they endeavoured to defend themselves as well as they could, but failed in doing any mischief to the Kaffir, who was careful not to expose himself for an instant to their fire. Finding, however, that the Kuffirs were becoming so numerous as not to admit of their running the slightest risk in returning their fire, and seeing it was high time that some street was made upon them, our heroes had recourse to a desire, by means of which they killed more than half a dozen of them in a very few minutes, and damped the ardour of the rest, which was this. So long as they lay under cover there was no firing • but the instant that one of them exposed himself in the slightest, it was the signal for some dozen or more shots to come rattling about their ears. From this they took the hint, and every now and then showed ono of their caps at some exposed place, which the Kaffir mistaking for the head of one of them, tired at immediately ; but while one held the cap, another was all ready to bring the Kaffir down, which he did the moment he exposed himself to take aim, and sometimes before even he had time to fire. This ruse was kept up for sonic time, and proved so effectual, that the enemy got dispirited at their loss, and the Englishmen were enabled to rejoin the waggons, with only two of their party slightly wounded. As the waggons continued their journey, hundreds of Kettles followed in their rcsr, keeping up an occasional fire, though the most of them were beyond gun shot, and their only anxiety was for another officer with an orderly who had not started with them, but whom they had been on the look out for ever since they enterea the bush, and who could not now be fur off. This officer, who, I think our informant told us, belonged to the Cape corps, on bearing the firing at once spurred on in order to join his party, but only got up in time to see the waggons a good way ahead, while between them and him was this large body of the enemy. To turn hack, even had he thought of it, was out of the question, for Kaftirs were now to be seen in every direction, and more than one shot bad been already fired at him. There remained no alterna tive but just to trust to the speed and power of his horse, and make a dash right through the midst of them ; so, drawing Ida sword and plunging his spurs into his horse's flanks, be was soon surrounded by the savage foe , who set up a yell of delight:as he advanced. A hundred assegais went hovering through the air, and as many bullets went whizzing past him, but neither rider nor horse was hit. Seeing the English officer still unhurt, and fearing he might escape them, the Kaffirs rushed forward in a body, in order to stop him in Isis career, but all in vain. With one blow be severed the hand that grasped his rein, and for a moment checked his horse, when the noble animal, as if aware of the value of his exertions, plunged through the thick of them, trampling down some of them under his own hoofs as he did so, land brought his rider in safety to the waggons. The orderly was nut so fortunate, fur he was seen to fall dead from his horse , _ as he gallantly charged side by aide with his master. A Kaffir who was present on this occasion, when telling his story some time afterwards, described the scene by Baying that the air was dark with assegais, nor could he be made to believe by the missionary to whom he told it, otherwise than that both horse and rider bore charms about them that turned aside the assegais and bullets, and prevented them doing any harm. The road we now travelled was very dithreut front what we had gone over in the morning, being more hilly and wooded. The acacia grew here at our side to a considerable tree, and its yellow flower that was now in full bloom per fumed the air, this being ono of the few flowers in South Africa that possesses the rare gift of doing ea ; the Kaffir boom, a tree that has the peculiar quality of flowering be fore it shoots forth its leaves, spread high over our heads its great arms that were now bare, except when some flower buds could be seen bursting through its rugged coat, while from its highest branches depended the strange parasite known by the name of " monkey ropes," that hung about its stem and branches as thick as the ropes and running gear of a full-rigged ship. Gaps in this wooded road allowed us frequent glimpses of the country beyond, that appeared to be one plain, if I may so express it, of swelling bills. The more sheltered of these was frequentlythe site of a Kaffir village, that generally consisted of some 20 or more huts scattered about the brow of the hill. Each of these villages had its kraal for cattle about a stone's throw off, which is a circular enclosure made of thorny brushwood, into which the cattle would be driven at sunset that were now to be seen browsing in hundreds on the slopes of every bill. On leaving this bushy country we got upon a long ridge or backhorn of rock, along which we travelled till it stopped at Mount Cobri, where there is a Wesleyan minkn. On our way we halted for ten minutes at a place where the escorts usually breathe their horses, and where we had not stopped for more than a minute before numbers of Kaffir came about us on all sides, though it puzzled us I to think from whence they came, unless it was that every bush contained a Kaffir. Their number soon amounted to some seventy or eighty, all armed after some fashion or other, and mostly fine handsome fellows, having an open unabashed bearinjg, that in some few of them look e d a l most like effrontery. They came close up to us asking pteseuts, which they did in rather an off-hand p erem p tory sort o f manner, though they did not appear to care much whether they got what they asked for or not. I confess I did not half like their familiarity, and took care to have my pistols handy so long as we were in such close neighbour hood to them, though they were what is called friendly Kafiri. After rounding the skirts of Mount Cock, Fort Murray comes in view, lying at our feet in the hollow between some hills, and beside the Buffalo ricer, whose gleaming surface relieves the monotony of a rather dreary succession of hill and dale. This fort is a well-built mili tary station, being a quadrangle of substantial stone build ings, occupying a pleasant valley much too low to be of a n y importance as a military post. At a little distance was Captain M'Lean's house, the H'lamleie commissioner, a very pretty spot, and laid out in great taste and offering quite a contrast to everything else en the country. Captain M'Lean possesses great influence with the chiefs and people among whom he is placed, and has shown himself to be eminently qualified for being their commissioner. He appears to possess the rare quality of being able to influence them strongly, with out straining the principle of interference so far as to disgust them by meddling with harmless customs that exist side by side with our efforts to improve them; and there can be no doubt that it is mainly through his influ ence that the H'lambie people aro not in tke field against us at this momeut. Pato, the chief, is at present under M'Lean's surveillance, and occupies a room adjoining his house, where we went to pay him our respects. We found him sitting on the floor, with two or three of his councillors or amapakati about him, all huddling themselves round a fire of rather green wood that was lighted in the centre of the room, and gave forth huge volumes of a very pungent smoke. The old chief was very cold, and looked quite sulky as we stood in tho open door-way that admitted the cold air, to protect him against which he had only a scanty blanket, that was not even long enough to reach past his knees. By degrees he became rather more communicative, and condescended so far as to take me to one side, in order to whisper something in my ear. In doing t his ho assumed so mysterious an au, that I was in. clined to think he was about to repose in me all the wrongs of his race and to seek my mediation, and I began to compose my features to a gravity becoming such an occa sion. But what was my astenishmeut to find him conclude a short but pathetic appeal, by asking me to give him " one shilling to buy tobacco. Of course, the honour of confer ing a favour of that kind, on so important a personage, was not to be lost, so I gave him &shilling accompanying it with profuse expressions of delight at being able to accom modate hint, which sent the old chief away chuckling at his success over a ninny that allowed himself to be so easily talked over. We again changed horses and escorts, and then went at a hard gallop to King William's Town, that is about eight miles off, and which we reached about: an hour before sunset, This town occupies one extremity of a plain, that is some what more than a mile in extent, and is built close to the river which flows in a fine sweep to the left, and with its straggling appearance reminds one of some pleasant Eng lish village. After passing through the numerous tents and huts that occupied either side of the road to form the en campment of sonic two thousandHo;tentot levies, we found ourselves in the capital of British Katfratia, which, though only some four years old, has already become a place of con siderable importance. The houses which form it are chiefly thatched cottages, of a very unpretending appearance, each one separated from its neighbour's by well laid-out gardens that add greatly to the beauty of the place, and no doubt contribute much to the comfort of the inhabitants. Even his excellency the Governor's house is no larger than a pea sant's cottage, for which it might be mistaken but for the sentry that paces before the door, and the occasional ap pearance (daily of his staff, that serve to give it a character the reverse of what its humble appearance would suggest. We were somewhat wearied with our ride ; and, after pay ing our respects to Sir Harry, were gladto rest ourselves for an hour before going to dinner. After that we smoked a cigar in the ante-roost of the 6th regiment, where we heard the Klein question discussed in all I its bearings, with free comments on the nature of the policy pursued toward them, and on the kind of warfare best suited to so subtle an enemy, front men, toe, who well knew ' the subject they were talking about, and whose names may be read in almost every despatch. Nest day we rode round the town, to have pointed out to us the various military arrangements. As we before obecrved, the Hottentot levies are disposed on each side of the entrance into King NU liam's Town, while leading out of it in the opposite direc tion are to be seen the circular beehive huts of some 300 lingoes, that cling to us anti tight for us, for no other rea -1 een titan that they hate us less than they do their old masters the Kettles, to whom they lime much the same rela tion as the Ilelots did to the Spartime. Within the town arc the 6th regt., the Cape corm, who occupy barraeks, this being their head-quarters, and the 73rd, with about a company of marines that are encamped in small bell-shaped tents among the houses!. Immediately in advance of its out s',irts the town is protected by some lunette batteries, each one capable of containing some thirty men, who could do prodigious execution among an advancing body without running any risk themselves+, sail on the neighlsoering heights pickets are stationed, whose duty it is to keep a good look out on the enemy in case of a surprise. We con tinued our ride to the top of the nearest hill, where we had a tine view of the Buffalo and Ametela ranges of mountain, with some cf the fastnesses and other places intimately associated with Kaffir warfare. Right before us was the Belie Neck, as the pass is named that leads to the Belie Flats, perhaps the finest plain in Salted Africa, and where' the liattire invariably collect in great masses to resist the patrules; to the right was Irlambies Koss, stud conspieu• out among them ad frout its lofty shaggy head was the Tabinde do or Man Mountain, that is visible for thirty miles in every direction. From the place where we stood, every thing reminded us of being in an enemy's country, though no enemy was to be seen, nor yet a trace of one. There was the mounted pickets on the hill beside us, theic was the military population moving to and fio in the town, and arming the various encampments ; we could hear the words of command and the clatter of muskets from the regiment that ewes going through its evolutions almost at our feet; and the occasional bugle calls, with the merry rattle of the drum every now and then struck upon the ear clear and distinct lame theconfueed hum that is heard when masses of men are gathered togethi r. On our way back we rode through thousands of cattle that armed guards were driving down to the river to water previous to their being secured within kraals for the night. Many of them be longed to Kafllrs, front whom they had been taken in the various patroles; and it was the more necessary to guard these well, inasmuch as they understand a peculiar cry or whistle of the Kaffir, that has the effect of making them scamper to where the well-known sound proceeds from : so that, unless they were confined, there would be but a poor choice of any being left the following morning. In conversing about the Kaffir, no one appeared to think him any other than a formidable foe, which it may be said soldiers will always say of the enemy ; inasmuch us far a soldier to depreciate his autaonist, would be very like damaging his own reputation ; but we had so many anec dotes about their pluck and daring as convinced us nut only that they are the brave people they arc said to be, but that in some of them their courage amounted to a perfect in sensibility to danger. Sir Harry spoke of them as being splendid skirmishers, saying that all they wanted was offi cers. Ile complained of the want of faith of the Kaffir, whom he has no doubt treated with great kindness and generosity. Sandilli, above all men, ought to have been the last to rise against him, seeing that to Sir Harry he is in-1 debted not only for his liberty, but perhaps his life. It is im possible not to sympathise with Sir Harry, placed, us he is, in such an embarrassing position, where the ground on which he thought he stood firmly has so often given way under his feet. Even the militaty genius of Wellington could not possibly effect much with such an enemy as there is to con tend with. As we arrived just as the troops had returned from patrol, our interest was kept :diva by the various details that different individuals gave of their share Of the fighting. How well the bush was cleared by A--'s horse ; how It— was engaged hand•to-hand with the enemy ; how he conducted himself so bravely, that his commanding officer fairly hugged him in his arms in a paroxysm of delight at witnessing his gallantry ; haw M— owed his life to the generosity of the officer who fought by his side, and who bore him from the field when ho was faint with loss of blood, though not before M— had slain five of tho enemy, whose bodies lay in a heap around him. How Colonel E— was always in the thickest of the fight ; how that, as he was smoking his cigar, after an hour's rather hot work, he heard ono of his men say : The colonel will be in good humour for three days now ; for he's had a fight and a cigar to-day ;" and how that the whole army relish a patrol under him or W—, because, they are sure then that they will have some brushes with the enemy before they come back. On tho third morning we bade good-bye to our friends in King William's Town, and, wishing them a safe return from the wars, returned to East London, and lost no time in getting ou board the steamer which was to start the same night, and was already fretting and fuming at being so long delayed. BRAZIL. In yesterday's Express reference was mado to the declaration of the Brazilian Minister of Finance to the chambers of the intention of the imperial cabinet to place the coasting trade of the empire under the protection of a foreign flag capable of pro tecting it. As the subject is one of great importance, to-day we translate the concluding passages of the minister's (Senhor Rodrigues Torres) speech on the occasion. After Senhor Torres had finished, the representatives broke out in loud and repeated cheers, receiving the words of the honourable minister with an enthusiasm seldom witnessed in the house. The following is the passage in question : I will conclude with some observations ou one of the pro positions made yesterday by the honourable member whom I have referred to (Mr. Souza Franco). Ile asserted that the government is guilty of all the acts of violence inflicted upon us by the English cruisers. It is painful to hear such an unjust accusation in the National Assembly; but the honourable member who has preferred it was bound to point out whatever the government has 'seen guilty of, what the measures were which it did not adopt in order to avoid those attacks, and what are those adopted by it that have contributed to them. Merely to declaim, and to conclude in such a manner, is unbecoming a gentleman so important as the honourable member, a gentleman who h as h e ld a seat in the councils of the crown ; it is unbecoming one who aspires, or ought to aspire, to lead tho destinies of the country e It . c (C r h_cen. A mmb h ) ows bad faith. Another Member—lt shows a want of patriotism. (Long and repeated cheers.) The Minister of Finance—But, gentlemen, what has the government done to deserve these strictures ? Our first and most firm resolution, since we had the honour of being called to the councils of the crown, was to take the necessary measures to put down the slave trade. We had anticipated great obstacles and difficulties arising out of erroneous opi nions and both of licit and illicit interests of several classes of our population ; but more permanent and vital interests— (hear, hear)—our own security, and, above all, the duty of fulfilling with loyalty our treaties with foreign nations—(long and repeated cheers)--demanded that we should take that position ; that we should present ourselves before the civilised world as a nation that knows how to perform its conventional duties. (Prolonged cheers.) We were unable to enter immediately on the exe cution of that task in an efficient way, because our laws were insufficient. As soon, however, as the legislative body was convoked, we asked for those measures which we ob tained from the wisdom and patriotism of the house : and 1 appeal to it, to the country, and to England herself—(hear, hear)—as witnesses of the energy and efficacy with which we have executed those laws- - (repeated cheers)--and en deavoured to put a stop to the traffic in slaves —(cheers)—and to avoid the least pretext for any , violent proceedings against the national honour and ' independence. Notwithstanding, however, this loyal policy, and the sincere dispositions of the imperial govern ment, manifested both in words and deeds—(cheers), what have we seen ? Our vessels are still violently attacked, taken, sunk, and burnt; and this system has been carried to such an extent that it is now impossible to ship at the port of Rio de Janeiro a boiler for the sugar establishments of this province or that of St. Paul, for tho masters of our coasting vessels will refuse to receive it on board, for fear that it should serve as a pretext for their vessels being sunk or burnt by the English cruisers. (Sensation.) Bother Souza Franco—And why does the ministry allow that? Why does it not protect the Brazilian flag? The Minister of Finance—And does the hon. member know whether the ministry has fulfilled or not its duties ? Senhor Souza Franco—l merely see facts ;I do not know what the government has done. The Minister of Finance (energetically)--That answer does not become a gentleman who was, not long a'eo, Mi. nistcr for Foreign Atfairs—(cheen)—aid who is, or thinks himself likely to be called again to the administration. (Hear, hear.) A Member—lt shows his desire of doing service to foreign interests. The Minister of Finance—W4 hat has the government d one ? Gentlemen, they have done what has been in their power to do ; they have claimed redress, and will do so with all the energy and persistence inspired by the con sciousness of their duty, of the rights of their countrymen, and of the national dignity—(elua:r.)—and in the last extre mity, allow me to say so without the least sembls nee of indiscretion, they will not stop before the necessity of em ploying any other means that the law may empower them with. (Long and repeated applauses.) Gentlemen (con tinued the Minister of Finance), the Custom-house regula. lions contain the following, in Art. suo -In case of ex ternal war that may render precarious and intercept the coasting trade, the supreme government is empowered to permit it to be carried on in foreign vessels, with regard either to foreign or national produce." The government will not hesitate to confide our coasting trade to any nation, the rights of which may he more respected than ours, and to which that justice may be done that is denied to us. (Cheers.) I am still convinced that the English go vernment, the got. niment of so illustrious a nation, :will not persist in despising our rights, in insulting our honour and independent., ; that it will not desire to appear before the cis dist d world as the oppressor of a nation, I will never say weak, but inoffensive. (Cheers.) But, if it comes to that, we wit: confide our coasting trade to a flag that may cover our property. (Here, say the Rio papers, the voice of the orator was overpowered by general and enthasiastie applause that lasted for sense time.) I am aware that by doing so we will destroy our coasting navigation; bat, gentlemen, it is nearly destroyed already—(hear, hear)— and it will he so entirely by the continuation of the arts of oppression and vandalism that we have witnessed. (hear, hea• .) At all events, by that measure we will at least rescue from the incendiary torch of the British cruisers the pro perty of those of our counhymen who may need to trans port it by sea from one to other pros inees of tho empire. The minister, the official report of the Chambers states, withdrew amidst the general applause of the !loose, and was followed to his seat and congratulated by numbers of the deputies. itbe court. BALMORAL, WEDNESDAY, Serr..lo. Her Majesty drove yestevday to Invereauld in an open carriage attend-clbythe :Sltrehioness of Douro and the lion. 31 . i r T ' uc l o ly o nt i . ' wai P r in ce Albert went out deer stalk ing. The 1 ..at and Prince Alfred took their usual eXPreiiC. Iler Majesty and Prince Albert attended divine service on Sunday in the parish church of Crathic. The ladies and gentlemen of the household were in attendance. The ser vice was performed by the Rev. Dr. Idaciarlan, Principal of Glasgow University, and ono of her Majesty's chaplains in Scotland. Her Nhueity and his Royal Highness, accompanied by tho royal children, went to Aherinddie on Sunday a ft ernoon. Mr. henry Hallam and Principal Muefurlan had tho honour of dining with her Zdaje4ty on Sunday. Lord dohs Itussell arrived at Pembroke Lodge, Rich mond Park, yesterdav, from Ilickleton Ilall,near Doncaster. His ExcePency the Marquis d'Azoglio, the Sardinian Minister, has left town for Droadlandr., on a visit to Vis count and Viscountess Paimerston. The Persian umlamsador had an interview with Viscount Palmerston yesterday ut the For..ign Office. Viscount Palmerston arrived iu town in the morning, and returned to Broadlands in the afternoon. Ser !teary Bulwer transacted business at the Foreign Office yesterday. THE GREAT EXHIBITION. An assemblage of nearly 35,000 yesterday prored that the attractions of the Crystal Palace have in no way abated, indeed the general anticipation about the building itself is, that before the close, the ball will have toga up as a signal that 100,00) have been admitted. The northern hordes use now the chief invaders, as, thanks to railway opposition, all those of our factory operatives who escape the dangers of excursion trains, are enabled to reach town fur almost nominal fares. The foreigners also, principally French, are daily to be seen in immense numbers and formed a very conspicuous feature in the crowd yesterday. The American department was again the great feature of attraction, Mr. Hobbs hay ing, with a fine Barnum touch, got his reward changed into sovereigns, and spread them out under a glass case, with a policeman keeping guard, and an in scription informing the spectators that these were the two hundred guineas which had been awarded fur picking Bramall'a luck. This was an argument that appealed to the meanest capacity, and excited so much curiosity, that the place was a scene of bustling all day, every one wishing to assure himself by ocular proof that the Anmi can had really won the day. The hero of a hundred locks was himself the observed of all observers, and complained that even in the :streets .he suffers one of the disagretablo concomitants of glory in being followed by crowds on his way to the palace. He objects, and as we think, with good show of reason, to the ungracious protest with which Messrs. Ilramah accompanied the payment of the award. The his tory of the contest appears to he this. In the first instance, a placard was posted in Mr. Bramah's window, appended to a lock, to the effect that . any person who found an instrument to open that lock should receive two hundred guineas. Mr. Hobbs, on his arrival in this country, pro tested against the wording of this label, as ambiguous, whereupon his opponents published a letter in the Times offering a reward to any one who should pick the luck. Upon that hint lie set to work, picked the lock, null thu arbitrators, acting upon the letter in the Times, imme diately gave him the award. Such is Mr. Hobbs's version of the transaction, and it is but fair that the public should sec it as well as Messrs. Bramalis' protest. His own lock is now undergoing a similar ordeal, but he laughs at the possibility of its being picked. According to his theory, the difference between the English and American locks is one of principle. la the English locks the obstructions which are relied upon for safety are all accessible from the keyhole, whereas the American safeguards are quite distinct, and inaccessible by that aperture. Tire luck upon which Uarbutt is now operating is enclosed in a deal box, in which a single aperture is cut opposite the keyhole, and the rest is unapproachable from without. It appears that the security of the locks made by the firm with which Mr. Dobbs is connected is, like the superiorty of the American yacht, the result of repeated experiments and contests, awards having been frequently paid by them fur locks picked on their challenge. They now deem that they havo achieved impregnability, and offer their locks with con fidence to the world. A meeting of the executive com mittee and the district superintendents was held yes terday, for the purpose of making arrangements for the exit of the goods. Various plans were agreed upon and sent to the printers ; and it is ex pected that they will be laid before the public in the course of a few days. The Exhibition is now, as might be expected, almost totally deserted by this nobility and higher classes. The only person of distinction we recognised yesterday was the Duke of Devonshire, who, accompanied by Mr. Paxton, is an almost daily visitor. The police numbers were 54,827. Cash account, Sept. 11. Season tickets At the doors Total receipts The following shows the temperature during the day, u recorded by Mr. Bennett's thermometer, being the mean result of 100 readings:—glean temperature, 62. THE SURPLUS FUNDS OF THE EXHIBITION. TO TILE EDITOR OF TIIE EXPRESS. SIR,—I s beg to offer, through the medium of your columns, the following proposal for the above purpose, viz., to apply the surplus fund of the Great Exhibition of all Nations to the erection of a suitable building in London, for the use of the exhibitors of all nations who ma}• wish to avail themselves of its advantages as a place for displaying their goods. Without enlarging upon the numerous and highly important advantages that would attend the adop tion of the above proposal, 1 would only observe, that tho foreign contributors arc entitled to some consideration, and that it would be adviaablo to have their opinions upon the subject before any proposal is adopted. F. THOMPSON. 6, Westfield-terrace, Sheffield, Sept. 11. CHRIST'S HOSPITAL.—On Monday, the 22nd inst. (as the 21st, St. Matthew's Day, will fall on Suoday), tho Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Sheriffs, with the Ciolentors of the Royal Hospital, will attend divine service at Christ church, Newgate-street, where a sermon will be preached by the Rev. E. W. Belton, M.A., Perpetual Curate of St. Bartholomew's, Bethnal-green ; after which they will repair to the Great Hall in Christ's Hospital, where four orations on the " Benefits of the Royal Hospita's" will be delivered, according to annual custom, by four of the senior scholars— in Latin, by H. D. Sweeting ; in English, by G. W. Brown; in Greek, by R. A. Lloyd; inFrench, by G. C. Bell. Seven poems will also be recited by others of the senior scholars, viz.: an Alcaic ode on Columbus," by C. 11. Parer; a trans lation of " The Chief Justice's Apology," and the " King Henry's reply," from Shakspearc, into Grecs lambics, by 1 1 H. B. Parkin; Latin Elegiacs on "Lucretia," by H. H. Stone; Greek Sapphic, on " Queen Elizabeth," by J. G. Gauntlet; a translation from Campbell's "Pleasures of Hope," on Scepticism, into Latin Hexameters, by J. W. Doran; Latin Sapphics, on "England's Invitation to tho Nations," by H. It. JCTCTII ; and an English poem on "Rome," by H. Ludlow.