The Express. — London, England, 1848-03-11 00:00:00

IMPERIAL PARLIAMEN r. TheOUSE OF LOR, Hawn 10. Earl of SHArrassv DS.—FRIDAT itY (as deputy Speaker) took his sit at ' o'eiock. HOUSE OF COMMONS.—FRIDAT, MA/Lcft 10. The S • took the chair at 4 o'clock. • PRIVATE MIMEOS. SECOND READINO.—NIII3IIWei Waterworks MIL PUBLIC BUSINESS. TIDED SEADlNCle—Paseengers MIL LINCOLN ELECTION Mr. M. J. O'CONNELL appeared it the bar, and announced that the Lincoln committee had come to the fol lowing decision: was not duly elected a eitise n That Charles Seely, Eq., to serve in Ott preecut parliament for the city of Lincoln. " That the last election for 'he said city, so far to regards the return of the said C. Seely, Esq., is a void election. " That C. Seely, EA , was, by his agent, guilty of bribery at the last election for the said city. " That it has been proved to the committee, thate elec- John Shaw was bribed, by a payment of 10s., made upon th Eon by Joseph Hedley, an agent of the sitting member, C. Seely, Esq.. but there was no evidence to show that this act of bribery was committed with the knowledge or consent of C. Seely, Em. " That C. Seely, Esq . . did, directly ur indirectly, provide drink and other entertainment ler several persons previousl to the elcctioo, for the purpose o f completely influencing such persons to give or refraiu from giving their votes at such election. " That it appears to the committee that a system of treating has for a long time prevailed in the city of Lincoln at and pre vious to election., by the candidates or their emote: opening the houses of publicans, distributing gratuitously to the elms tors and others drink, and entertainments for the purpose of corruptly infoncing their votes, and also of the publicans whose houses were thus opened. "That sums i eceeding the necessary expenses were paid to non-resident elector.. "The committee, in conclusion, complain that clause 20, Vict. 5 and 6, is so general and indefinite, as to deprive com mittees of sufficient power to act in such eases." NEW WRIT. Mr. M. J. O'CONNELL moved of at a new writ be issued for the city of Lincoln in the room of C. Seely, Req. Col. SIBTHORP took that opportunity of vindicating the city of Lincoln trom the sweeping charges of bribery and I treating which had been fixed on it Iry the report of the coin mitt e. He had been connected with the city for upwards of twenty years, .and he had never seen or participated in practices such as hail been alleged against his late colleague. Mr. BRIGHT wished to know from the hon. member for Kerry, whether he considered the practices charged against the city of Lincoln hail been centineit to one political party, or bad been general? Mr. M. J. O'CONNELL referred the hon. member to the report, and must decline giving any further answer. The motion was then agreed to. II ARW ICH ELECTION COMMITTEE. Mr. J. S. WORTLEY reported from the above commit tee that its proceedings were suspended in consequence of the indisposition of Wm. Beckett, Eset, , one of its members. The right hon. and learned member moved that Dr. Willson, Mr. Beckett's medical adviser, be called to the bar and ex amined, which was accordingly done, and Mr. Beckett was excused from further attendance until Monday next. STANDING ORDERS. Mr. BERNAL moved the following standing order: That, in cases of bills affecting canals or navigs.ions form ing part of any general chain or syst em of inland water com munication, the premeietors of any other canal or navigation forming part of such general chain, shall he entitled to be ' beard upon any petition which they may present egninst such bills before the committees to which such bills shall be referred." Sir R. INGLIS wished to know whether there was any wallet legislation relative to railways? Ile thought that betore this order was agreed to, a short time should Ito al lowed to the house for consideration, and that any legislation on the subject should he general. Sir W. If EAT HCOTE took a similar view of the subject. Mr. STRU FT said that the order had been proposed at the suggestion of the Board of Trade. He did net object to the postponement of the question until the president of the Board of Trade should he in his place, provided that no pub lic inconvenience was likely to ensue. Mr. BERNAL suggested the alteration of the order into a sessional order, which was acceded to, and the motion in that form agreed tn. PENZANCE WATERWORKS. Mr. MOWATT moved the second reading of the above bill. —Agreed to. On the question that the bill be committed, Sir C. LEMON felt bound to persist in the opposition be had on a f o rmer occasion given to the bill. He must oppose its committal. Mr. W YLD su,iported the bill, as calculated to confer great public benefit on the town of Pennine. Mr. mowATT defended the bill, The question that the bill be committed was put, and the house divided—Ayes Noes 45-17 AYLESBURY ELECTION. Messrs. Ricardo, Corbally, Pointer, A. Stafford, and }tentage, were sworn in a committee to inquire into the allegation of the petition against the return for the borough of Aylesbury,—Mr. Palm.r chairman ROMAN CATHOLIC RELIEF BILL. Mr. LAW moved, pursuant to notice, that the petition of the Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of Cambridge versity, presented on the previous day, be printed with the votes. Mr. T. GREENE opposed the motion on the ground that no notice had been given of the intention of the hose. member to found a motion upon it, and that it related to a matter before the house. Should the committee on public petitions consider this pi tit of eufficiemportance, they would recommend it to be printed. (H nt ear i .) Mr. LAW was not surprised at the opposition offered to his motion, seeing that it hail reference to that important measure on the table. (Cries of .? Oh, oh.") On a question vitally affecting the protestant religion, it was not too much La expect that the representatives of the Univer sity of Cambridge should be permitted to communicate to the house the sentiments of that university at the earliest possible period, and in the most public manner. (Hear.) Dr. BOWRING rosnte order, and appealed to the Speaker whether, as the motion was opposed, it should take prece dence of the orders of the day The SPEAKER mid the kon.and teamed gentleman was in order in speaking to the question before the house, but ao no notice of founding a motion on the petition in question had been given, it would hi contrary to the orders of the house to direct that it should be prin'ed. (Hear.) Mr. LAW would now give notice of his intention specially to draw the attention of the house to the pre Wien. (Hear.) Mr. W. PATTEN complained of the unjust insinuations that had been thrown out by tke him. and learned member as to the motives which induced the hon. member for Lan caster (Mr. Greene) to op,mse the motion. (Hear, hear.) Mr. LAW did not impute improper motives, hut,could un derstate:thew the zeal of a party in a cause which he thought right might lead him to take a course_ohich he would not He would h owev er withdraw anything be said which might ap pear disrespectful to the hon. member. (Hear.) After a few words from Sir: G. Game complimentary to the:hon. member for Lancaster, and in oppositioa to the mo tion as being contrary to the order of the house, Mr. LAW said he would withdraw that whch was dently not acce ptable t. the great . the of hon. members. The motion was accordineiv withdrawn. UNOPPOSED RETURNS. On Mr. WauntNotoor moving far certain returns of which no notice at od on the paper, the Chancellor of the Exchequer and nth , r h• n. me rashers complained of the prac tice of moving for returns without the previous consent of the departments of the goveroment from which the infor mation was required, and also without an opportunity being afforded of ascertaining whether the required information had not (as was frequently the case) been already given. This practice occasion. d a Veit and unnecessary addition to the charge for printin ;. The motion WAS consequently not W pressed. INDOW BREAKING IN THE METROPOLIS. Mr. Alderman SIDNEY moved that the petition from the City of London, complaining rat ihe alarming increase of this offence, presented on the pre vines del, be printed with the votes, and intimated his intention of cal:ing the attention of the house to the subject on Thu. slay, the 23rd instant. — Agreed to. THE WEST INDIA COLONIES. The petition presented by Mr. eARALY on the 9th from the island of Jamaica, praying for relief, was, on the motion of the hon. member, who stated that he should on en early day bring the out j-ct under the notice of the house, ordered to he printed. AYLESBURY ELECTION PETITION. Mr. NEWDEGATE co , reel that the petition of Mr. J. P. Deering, member for Aylesbury, complaining that the peti tioner against his return was not quelitivel to petition, be re• ferred to the select committee appointed to try the merits of the election and return Sir W. HEATHCI/TE opposed the motion. To examine the allegations of petitions (other than that complaining of the return) was not amongst the functions delegated by the statute to an election come' ttee. One of the first objects of their inquiry, how( vet, would be, whether the petitioner was qualified as a candidate or an elector to eetition against the return. After some conversation the motion was withdrawn. ADJOURNMENT OF THE HOUSE. Ordered, that the house, at its rising, adjourn till Monday seat. NEW SOUTH WALES. Mr. F. SCOTT, teeing the right hon. gentleman the oicient of the Board of Trade in his place, was desirous of " Whether the government had any intention of I any, and what, change in the constitution of New Walla; whether any communication of such an in has been made to the legislative council of the colony, 1 • to obtain the opinion r f the colony upon such a I alteration; and, if E 4), whether the government ay the papers before parliament t" LABOUCHERE reolied that representations had been from Australia to the mother country, urging the pro , of separating the government of New South Wales from if Port Phillip •, a similar opinion had been expressed 9 governoset New South Wales,and also by his council. r representations had been considered by his noble the Colonial Secretary, who hoped, before the close of seddon, to be able to propose a bill to carry the object t effect. Dis noble friend had it also under his considers whether it would not be neceesary in that bill to intro certain Other alterations in the constitution of New \ Wales. e.n thfinhael communieate AS d with the authorities bony e subject, but yet no answer had been ‘cederOiher adopt. (Oh! !) ldr. F. Prraiden; arlung, making South \V I I t tendon I; it order PZree d fir. LA .Wade fr< riot, ol that of 1 the g Those r bend k tl the at* into effe tioa wh4 atm ea N Ira that nix EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, MARCH 11, 1848. 11148. 1647. Coates twtd %wad se4 sewing 114,746 Plata sellsou .. ride 111.1 1 2 6 , 041 Prlaaelesilmoss .....«..... 16,1 47 . 312 741,03 .... mons 16, 226 2,136 Having shown that the falling-off in the amount of our ex ports to the east and to southern Europe was not etttributable to the policy of the right ken. baronet, bat to extraordinary and unexpected circumstances, he now begged the of the uoble lord (Bentinch) ta this most remarkable fact, that our emporia to those countries from which we had re ceived our supply of grain had enormously increased even during the very first year of the right hon. helmet's expe riment. Our exports tel the United States and Russia had been in the last two year,. respectively : 1646. 1647. Plain adieu ............ yards 12,464,113 Printed callems ............... 17,240,546 Lns ............. ....... . 20,011,312 Woolfens ........... ....... 1,354,24 a 1411ka . ......................... 1o,l4tra Cotten Mist ............... Its. 14,110,502 (hired ............... 1,407,801 The noble lord had alluded to the reduction of duty upon brandy as having caused au increase of price. But it was only the first natural result of an increased demand to raise the price of the article in bond. (Hear, hear.) In 1845, the year immediately preceding the tariff, we imported 1,700,000 gallons ; and in the year immediately following, notwith standing the additional price in bond, we imported 2,600,000; but as that additional price was only Is , or la. 4d., it fol lowed, as the reduction of duty was from 225. 10d. to 15e. 6.1., that even, according to the noble lord's own showing, the consumer gained a benefit of 6.. a gallon. Viewing all these facts, be maintained (It a so far from having to regret the commerciel and financial policy of 1842, as having been injurious to trade and the country generally, it had, on the contrary, been perfectly muccen fut, by enriching the country in twenty times the amount of the income tax, and preserving it from the effects of a serious discord between the ruling and the ruled, which with the deprened state of other European countries as well as this, wee sure to arise, if by the timely concessions of the right hon. baronet a sufficiency of food had not been hronght into the country. (Hear, hear.) Ile now came to the questio t e et heore immediately before tomthe, and which he con sidered which had been prosperous. (A laugh.) Yes, he would ay proalferous, for if we had not received those additional ! import. front Russia and th e United States, given us by that richer, the country would doubtless be in • much worse condition. (Hear, hear.) The great question, then, was whether they should persevere in that policy or re vert back to the former system of excise and cus tom., in order to equalise the income and expenditure. There were, he considered, three courses open to them to make good the deficiency of 3,300,0001. They might bons* and some might think it wise to do so ; but he was glad to perceive that the feeling of the house was opposed to mate:tiler the funded debt of the country in a time of peace. (Hear, hear.) They might reduce the expenditure, or they might increase vexation. Now he bed looked into the estimates, and he must say that lie thought all that could be dune with them had been dose by the gentlemen who proposed them, cunaietently with their public duty. Thum estimates, it should be observed, bad not been prepared itt relerence to the future policy of the govern ment, but in accordance with a policy which had been sanc tioned by that house, and it was the house and not those gentlemen who were responsible for that policy. Committees had been appoii.ted on the subject, and he had no doubt wank' elfcet a:1 possible reduction s i n them; but he did not think it consistent with the dignity of that house or the gene element to refer those estimates to a committee. He could understand the appointment of a committee to inquire in.() the general income and expenditure of the country, but that was a very different thing from a ;committee to naves ', tigate specific estimates, for which their best guarantee ought to he the responsibility of the government. With respect to the expenditure he did not believe thatthe re was any probability of its reduction, for the present yeter. Instead at beginning with the estimates they should first in vestigate their cause or foundation. First of all, it could nut h • forgot.en that their deficit amounted to no less than 3.300,0001. Upon that ground, if even there was no other, be could not but look to the future with the greatest appre hension, for he was convinced the country, in di•approviog of the proposition originally made by the government had taken a m•ot petilous step—a step which he for one could not feel it his duty to sanction in any manner. It might be very unpopular for him to stato plainly as he thendid, that he firmly be jewel the country were wrung in not submitting to the iurreasi d income tax, and that the government would have acted wisely and properly if they had persevered in their original proposition. (Cheers from the opposition benches.) tie believed they would not live two years until they would have oiscovered that the opposition to the measure, as origi nally proposed by government, was ill•advised and injudi. clew., and that it would have been much more for the advan tage of all classes in this country if that measure had been perseve red in. He never had had any communication upon the subj. et with airy one connected with the government, and h.. knew nothing whatever of their intentions except from what he had heard in that house in the course of the debate. But he felt convinced, after considering the suhject maturely, that the government had no other mode of increasing the income of the country, except that which they originally prep...ed. The customs or excist duties could not he in ' creased, nor could the sugar duties ; what other mode, then, had the government to obtain the necessary supplies except by the imposition of direct taxation ? The fact was that every tax we paid was in the form of an income tax. Income was taxed directly or indirectly. The only question was, whether we should pay iudirectly upon such articles as we consumed, or directly in the shape of a tax upon our incomes. Then came the ques ti os what sort of tax it should be. The form confirmed by that house in 1845 seemed the best, first, because they had the whole machinery already in operation, and secondly, they hail the public mind reconciled to it. (Cries of '' No, no," and murmurs.) Well, thee, if the public mind was not reconciled to it, the house had to blame themselves fur that. They had been told that the income tax was odious, vexatious, and inquisitorial. lle was very much of twat opinion himself in 1512, but in truth the tax hod acquired a sort of historical character not calculated to recommend it favourably. However, he had heard, in public or in private, very few objections to the manner in which the tax had been collected. He bad fr. quently been in communication with many persons under the operation of the excise laws. and from all he had been able to learn upon the subject, he had no hesitation in saying that there was nocomparison between the taxes. The excise taxes were in every respect much more ehjectionable than the income tax, and those whowere under their operation felt that deeply. It was objected by the noble lord (G. Bentinck) that the imposition of the in come tax had the effect of withdrawing a large portion of the funds of the country, which would otherwise go to em ploy labour. But what other tax was there that hod not the same effect ? The customs or excise duties equally impeded the employment of labour. It was next objected that it was a war tax, but there was no weight in that objection. The objections upon the ground of inequality were bettor founded. The more he considered the question the more he felt convinced that there might be successfully and usefully an attempt made to make the tax more equal. (Hear, hear.) And he was somewhat surprised that the government had not done so, as with many hon. gentlemen within the walls of that house as amongst immense numbers out of doors, he believed the princi pal objections to the tax were on the ground of its inequality. In large commercial communities he believed it would have been much better received had an attempt been made to make it more equal. (Hear.) He had listened with great attention, a few evenings ago, to the argume sits of the hon. member for Cuckermouth (Mr. Herman), and he fully approved of the principle which that hon. member laid down. He (Mr. Wilson) was however very sorry that a mere accident prevented him from voting in support of the hon. gentleman's motion. The right hon. gentleman (Mr. Guulbum) stated that all taxes were unequal, end that none could be made equal. Ile (Mr. Wilson) ad mitted no tax could be made equal with mathematical accu racy, but be would say in the words of Mr. Pitt, " We should do what we could to make this tax equal." (Hear ) Theu come the question whether the three per cent now proposed should be granted for three years or tor one only ? He would earnestly ask the house to consider how any government could on with a deficit of over three! millions staring them in the face? ltow could they turu th. it am mien to any commercial or other measures of im• provement unless they were certain of an increase in the revenue, at least to the amount of 5,000,0001. ? And were they to depend for that increase upon the annual vote of that hoe , 7 Nothing could be more unwise. On the Ist of Feb., 1549, the present duty upon foreign corn would cease altogether, and the course proposed to be taken with re ference to the proposition of the government was more cal. cube ed than any other to counteract and defeat the effect of the principle of free trade lately established. (Hear.) lie objected to the inequalities of the income tax, but, ii they could not be removed, he would not in any manner en danger the passing of the btll by opposing it. He hail accompanied his hon. friend the member for Montrose and others on many deputations to the noble lord (J Russell) to ask fir reduction in the duties on tea, to ,aceo, and other foreiin articles. They were, of count., very courteously received ; hut bow could it be expected that the government could, consistently with the discharge of their duties, comply with the requisitions of such deputations? Was it wise that the whole basis of their financial re sources should he made to rest upon the annual vote ..f that house for a tax which was so easily made unpopuler ? (Hear, beer.) He looked with the utmost alarm at the enormous deficit, and he was not able to dis cover any tenon for expecting a permanent improvement to our commercial interests. With the United. States our largo trade of last year would not exist this year. When he looked at the ' , ate of pAitics and commercial credit on the coot ins ilt of Europe, and the large failures in the banking interests there, he could not indulge the hope of any improvement iii our trade in those quartets. In our colonies he could not ace any reason to anticipate a revival of our formi r trade. There was no reason for expecting improvement abroad, and he feared they had too much ground for apprehending that our difficulties at home would not be decreased. He, there fore, thought it most imprudent to reduce the income tax, or take it only for one year. lie might be asked, as those were his opinions relative to the prospects of the country, why should he propose to increase the taxes at such a crisis His answer was simple he would support the public credit at all hazards. lie believed it was the opinion of that house, and of the country at large, that at aptropaeltrtyhaZurdlds it should be supported. (Hear, hear.) Real yield the same amount of taxation as before, but if trade was injured, as it must inevitably be, by any blight upon our credit, the lasting interests of the country would be affected. If trade was prostrated a less amount of taxes could he 'paid by our merchants. If incomes arising from trade or commerce were small, an income tax was evidently the best that could be imposed, for it was diminished in pro- received, and until they did obtain an answer no decision would be come to. With regard to the papers—betoo any measure was submitted to parliament all the men and despatches bearing ou the subject would be laid hewn both houses. (Hear.) Mr. SCOTT inquire if gov ernment bad communicated with the legislative coun d cil ? Mr. LABOUCBERE sad it was not usual for the Colo nial-office to communicate directly with the legislative council. They had communicated with the governor of the colony, who would of course submit the communication to the council. THE SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE TARIFFS. Mr. BANKES,in accordance with a motion he had given, asked whether any reply had been received to the repress n Wiens made by our minister at Madrid, on the select of increased duties imposed by the Sp mesh government on articles of British manufacture; 1000 why no return had been made in compliance with the order of she house re spectiog the present tariffs of Spain and Portugal ? Lord PALMERSTON, with regard to the first question, said that an answer bad been received from the Spanish government, dated the 28th of December, to the communi cations made by our minister at Madrid, which, if is would give any satisfution, be would lay on the table,—(hear, hear)—urging at some length that th- decrees which we had objected to were not liable so the objections which had been taken, inasmuch a. they did not apply more, if sa much, to articles of British then to throe of le reach moinufacture. This WWI as to woollen rolls; and with regard so mixed goods the charges which had been made were intended only to pre vent abuse. As to the second question, he hail sent tresh directions to our ministers at Madrid sad Lisbon to obtain copies of the Snanish and Portuguese with+ without delay. In respect to Portugal it was easy to imagine that the state of things which had been existing there fir some time past might lead the government of that country to forget our des mend, and he was satisfied thnt in both cases the reason the information had not been given arose from oversight, and not from any desire to refuse it. (Hear.) Mr. BANKES —Will the noble lord lay the answer he has received from the Spanish government on the table ? Lord PALMERSTON—IIea. (Heir.) DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH ROME BILL. In reply to a question from Mr. PlA:nitrite, Lord PALMERSTON said en it wee sot likely he should be able to bring on this bill on Monday next, he would fax it for Monday week. INCOME TAY (IRELAND). Mr. HAMILTON asked wheths r the hors. member for Marylebone intended to bring on his ration for extending the income tax to Ireland ; and ilea, when ? Sir B. HALL did intend to bring on that motion, and to take the sense of the committee upon it—(hear, hear)—but when he could not say, until the debate on the main ques tion was brought to a conclusion. Perhaps the Chancellor of the Exchequer wculd state when, supposing the committee should decide to-night whether the tax should continne for one or three year., he would again go into committee on ways and means ? The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER—On Mon day sir. (The decided tone in which this answer was given occasioned some laughter.) VACANT STALL IN DURHAM CATHEDRAL. Mr. HORSMAN inquired whether the stall in Durham Cathedral which had fallen variant by the elevation oh the Bishop of Chester to the archbishopric sat Canterbury was to be filled up ? Lord J. RUSSELL, who spoke in so low a tone that it was diffi ult to collect his answer, was understood to any that government had no intention of filling it tip. SCOTCH ENTAILS BILL. Sir G. GREY, in reply to Mr. B. Coen ILA E, said his tight hon. ft lend the Lord Advocate, when he returned to town, would fix the day for bringing on the second reading of this hill, which at present steal for Tuesday next. WAYS AND MEANS.—TH It: INCOME TAX— ADJOURNED DEBATE. On the question that the house resolve itself into a com mittee of ways and means, Mr. HUME begged to make a remark on a letter which had been written by the hon. baronet the member for the Tower Hamlets to the Times newspaper complaining of a misreport therein, and stating as his reason for voting against his (Mr. Hume's) motion that it would create • deficiency in the revenue of 7.000,0001 , and endanger the credit of the country. Now, what he (Mr. Hume) wished to state wee, that whether they now voted the income tax for nue or fur three year., would not in the least alegrea aff:ct the credit of the country, or diminish its present resources for meeting the expenditure. The house then went into committee, and Mr. J. WILSON resumed the debate. The hon. gentleman commenced his speech by declaring his belief U at the whole question turned upon the commercial and financiel policy pursued by the gore rnment since 1842 Ile admitted that the commerce of the country was at present in a prostrate condition, and that its industry was paralyse' ; and he was aware that the hon. member for South Warwickshire, and the noble lord the member fur King. Lynn, attributed that state of things to the commercial p. they retereed to. Now, when the rignt hon. baronet proposed tie income tax in 1842, he did so with two objects—first, to raise the financial condition of the country ; and secondly, so to re lieve the springs of industry, that in the course of time the income might equal the expenditure without having recourse to any extraordinary measures ; and how far that policy had been suceeseful he would at once pro ceed to show. The right hon. baronet had reduced or re pealed taxes to the following e 'tent : lot 1842 be reduced , them 1,590.000/. ; in 1843, 411,0001. ; in 1814, 407.000/. ; in 1845,4,749,0001. ; in 1846, 740,0001.; making a total of 7,897,0001. : and de meting from that the amount of the in come tax, 5,624,0001, • profit appeared in favour of the country of 2,273,000/., between what it paid in the shape 01 income tax end what it saved by the repeal or reduetion of other taxes. In 1842, the produce of the customs wan 23,515,3741.. and of the ex , ise, 14,602,8171., =eking toge ther 38,118,2211.; and in 1841, eotwith.tanding 'lie reduc tions which had been made by the tariff of the right hon. baronet, the customs were 22.278,3161., and the excise 15,012,101., making together 37.290,4591. (Rear, hear l and equalling within 'shout 800,000:. the revenue of 1842 What then had been the effect of this policy upon the public debt ? The amount of deficiency bills on Jan. 5, 1842, was 6,600,0001. ; in 1843 it wax no lees than 8,560.0001. ; in 1841 it was reduced to 5,462.0001.; in 184 , 5 it was reduced to 2,095,0001.; in 1846, to 280,0001 ; and in 1847, the govern meet were in a position to pay the whole of their li.bilities without calling on the Bank of England for a fraction (Cheers.) The policy of the right hon. baronet had there f ore cleared off the unfunded debt, and by the imposition of the income tax saved the country no less than 0,000,00 01 . annually, as the following table showed : .C1,295,P0 68,612 95.00 473,033 7,1407,000 M the Now roolbed. Notoidroanding the mono— rp 'Adam of cern and otboo mievisions, and the antici pated mils of free trade, lei lei not only maintsinhst the ed its value, but increased it ; sad he could not suppose t husdal interest would refuse the payment of • tax levied alike upon all for the purpose of upholding the public credit. The recently prorated addition of 2 per cent. on that tax was of little consideration in comparison to the injury wbich the country would sustain if any blight were thrown upon its credit. For these reasons be would have supported the go vernment in their proposition for increasing that tax to 5 per cent., and would now vote for its con s nuance for three years. Mr. J. B. SMITH was in favour of aproperty tax, but would neverthelses support the motion of the hon. member for Mon trose. He objected to the inequality and injustice of the in. comets:. It was complained of in every community. Sir W. MOLES WORTH did not think it necessary, after the able speech of the hon. member fur Westbury, to defend the free.trade policy. So far from this' policy heel the cause of our embarrassment*, it was clearly traceable to the increased expenditure—which bad aug mented with fearful rapidity store 1836. It was then lower than it had been sines 1820. Notwithstanding t e n millions of taxes had been repealed since 1835, the revenue had increased from 46 millions to above 51 millions; but unfortunately the expenditure ad tea se ind from 44,400,000 in 1835 to 54,500,000 in 1 h 847. (Hear, hear.) This Menem was double the amount of the income tax, two minions more than the whole peer rate, and six times the amount of the window duty. (Hear, hear.) From 1835 to 1847 there had been an increase of 10,400,0001. in the army, navy, ordnance, and miscellaneous expenditure ; and of this increase 7,000,0001. was spent on the three first depart. menu. (Hear.) Last year the expenditure on thine three services was 18,600,0001., being four millions more than in any other year since the peace, however great the danger in which the country had been placed. It had exceeded by three millions the expenditure during theme three eventful years in which the Duke of Wellington was minister —during which time there occurred the Freach and Belgian revolutions. (Hear, hear.) From that period there lmd been a decrease until 1835, when the exnditure for the three services did not exceed 11,700,0001. Last year the expenditure for the same three services was 18,500,00014 and • further increese was threatened. (Hear.) There had been a steady increase since 1835, at the rate of 680,0001. s year ; this year the increase, including the 150,0001. for the militia, would be 750,000 1 . (Hear.) I n seven y ears there had b een an excess of expenditure over income varying from 300,0001. to 3,000,0001. Had it not been for the M- I crease in the war expenditure, there might have been an excess of income over expenditure of from 400,0001. to I 4,000,0001.; and in the present year, that micas would have been so great as to allow of the remission of I the tea duties , or sonic other impost pressing on the industrial classes. (Hear, bear.) Why should our expenditure so largely exceed what it bad been in times of difficulty and danger, when we were interfering in Syria, in Turkey, and elsewhere ? Why should it be greater than it I was in the last year in which the right hon. baronet the member for Tamworth bad held office What had we to fear ? Were we afraid of the Pope, or had we been afraid of Louis Philippe ? (" Heir," and laughter.) In the last two years there had been a defalcation of nearly 6,000,000!., adding the surplus of 3,500,0001., which existed in January, 1846, to the deficiency which ha d occurred in the past year. It was said that this was attributable to the commercial em berreesments of the country ; but this he denied ; for how could that cause convert a positive surplus into a deficiency ? (Hear.) '1 he true cause was to be found in the incase of our expenditure on the three services. Why shouldthat expen- I ditureexceed the average of the five years in which the right I I hon.baronet the member for Tamworth had held office, when it was 14,700,0001. ? Now, it was 17,9(18,000/., exclueive of the 150,0001. proposed for the militia; showing an increase 'of 3,268,0001. • and for whet ? I Hear.) Let this expende tura be reduced to the same amount as it was in 1816 instead of a deficiency at the present moment, there would Ibe a positive surplus. (Hear, hear.) It was alleged that the increase in our naval armaments had been rendered neces sary by a similar increase on the part of France. lie admit ted there had been such increase ; hut that conntry which was the first to pause in such a race of extravagance would be the wisest. (Hear, hear.) Ought not this country to be the first to cry halt ? There were two reasons why we should do so : the fur greater strength of our navy beyond that of France, and our commercial supremacy. (Hear.) So long es this country retained her commercial supremacy, France would in vain seek to deprive her of her maritime superiority. All history showed the truth of this principle it had been the case with Holland, with Venice, and othi r nations. Instead of augmenting her navy, it would he a much wiser course for France to encourage her commercial marine by doing away with absurd restrictions. Our com merce with France had greatly augmented of late years, and is was now one of our best customers. From 1830 to 1e45 the trade between the two countries h ad increased sixfold; in 1830 our exports to France amounteri only to 450,000/. ; in 1845 they hail increased to 2,791 00(1!. France bought more from this country than the did from any other, and 11 she sold more to it than to any other. (Hear.) Hence it was the pecuniary interest and the best policy of the two countries to preserve peace, and to be friends and allies. (Cheers.) Every Englishman must rejoice at the downfal of tyranny in France, and must hope that the efforts of the French people fur securing their liberty might be attended with success'. (Hear, hear.) He would now inquire what reduction could be made in the three services, without de triment to the public interest. Three reasons had teen as signed by the right hon. Secretary at War for the enormous increase in the navy ; the former mismanagement of the dockyards, the introduction of steam-vessels into the navy, and the cost of the packet service. The increase had been — for new work. 600,0001.; naval 'stores, 1,100,000/ ; packet service, 600,041.; in all, 2,300,0001. But the increase in the navy estimates amounted to 3,500.0001., so that 1,200,0001. was unaccounted for. This would ho found attributable to the vast increase in the force of the navy. In 1835 there had been voted 26,500 men ; in 1847, 43,000 men, being an increase of 16,500, at an increased cost in wages and victuals alone of 800,0001. For what purpose had this incr. ago been made ? The right hon. baronet the member for Tamworth bed said it was necessary for the protection of our commerce scattered over the face of the lobe. But for that it did not require that 16 men of wa g r, carrying 750 guns, and manned by 8,000 hand', should be motioned in the Tarts, as seas the ease in September last. (Hear, hear.) Nor did we require for this purpose . fleets on the coasts of Spero, of Africa, and of South America. All that was required was a few frigates or sloops of war wandering about the ocean. In this respect we might take an exempla Item the United States of America, whose commerce moat nearly equalled our own ; for wherever an Eieetish merchant we. found to be buying or selling in any quarter of the glebe, there was an Amercan trader to be feund. (Hear, hear.) In 1811, the United States, in addition to the small squadron which they were obliged to keep off the coast of Africa by treaty with us, had ouly one frigate and one sloop in MEli..o ; two frigate' and two sloops on the Brazil station ; a frigate, a sloop, and a brig in China ; and the same on the New Lea land station ; one wandering round the world ; and one, the only one is commission, carrying their minister to China. The cost of the whole of the United States navy in 1845 was 1,200.0001., —just one slxth of ours, and they paid their sea men much better than we did. (Hear, hear.) It was therefore absurd to say that we regeireel this enormous ex penditure to protect our commerce. Our army was said to be necessary to protect our colonies. Last et. ar the number of effective forces in the colenies was 35,792 men ; in 1835, it had been 31,360; an increase of only 4,412. But with the colonies properly govern, el. and with the Coloniaboffiee reformed, we might do with a much smaller number, —say, one half the amount, to garrison stele places as Malta, Gibraltar, and Quebec. But the iecreese in the colonies did net account for the greet inerese of expenditure, from 6,150,0001. in 1835 ; to 7,168.0001. in the present year. But look at borne the effective force in the United Kingdom, in 1845, was 34,489 men ; on the Ist of January lest, it was 64,204, being an increase of 30.000, or more than 95 per cent. This number was 20,000 mire than we had in the worst times of Sidrneuth and eleetlereaeh. (Hear, he lc.) Since that time the increased mantles f transmitting troops by railway had greatly increased the effiitiency of any ex isting force. We had also, a well or.ranised police in all our large towns. Far bet er would it be to expend this sum in educating the p.oip'e, removing the sources of crime, and increasing the comfort. of the poor. (Cheers.) The cost iif these 30 000 men, including officers, could not be less than 3,200,000/. a year; eel thus a reduc tion of three millions in the exruditine might be effected by reducing the army , n the same heel , se it was on during toe minis•ry of the right him. member fir Tamworth. (Hear.) This would not be an extravagant reduction, for the service would be quite as efficien• as it was then, or more so ; and it would at once give A surplus of income over expenditure. Under tee plea of maintaining the powi r and protec ing the commerce of the country, it had been the policy of both whist mid tory goy. temente to inter fere in every conflict, to meilitie w.th the interne' affairs of tee ry nation, and seize every oppertunity of extending our vas; colial empire. Look et the Itioory of this c untry for the las t ten or fifteen vear.. We had commenced by senieng our buccaneers to Portugel ; then we sent legions to Spain, to maintain the rights of tee virtuous Christina, while others fought with equal s al io the cause of Don Carte. (Hear.) then we intertered in Syria. Meanwhile w • contrived by mismanagement up r. he'lion amongst the peaceable inhabitants of Canada ; then we drove forth into flee 3,000 boors at the Cape of Good Hope, and it was now found that we had lavisbed a illion on the Kaffir war. Mese.) In the meantime we ha m d eitended stir empire by frying claim to the whole of Australia, a territory nearly as large as Europe itself; then we luel declared ourselves the sovereigns of the two islands of New Zeal ind, and sent them a foolish governor and an intend ary bishop. (Hear, hear.) Then we had rushed into Central A-ia, invaded the hunting ground% of the Ameers of &hide, induced the Sikhs to cross their frontier, and then destroyed their army. (Hear and no.) Then we had ravaged the coasts of Chine, and levied con. tributiune from them became they ri fused to receive our poisonous opium. (lieu.) Labuas aid Ilona King were our latest acquisitions; we had an itching for Borneo ; and, if the advice of the noble lord the m .tuber ler Lynn were flowed, we should be running a tilt with Spam for the island of Cuba. (Cheer., and laughter ) These were at (wee the causes end the consequenas of cur vast war expen diture ; for the two stood to each ode rin the relation of cause and effect alternately. The establishments begot the exploits, end tbey requir, d the establishments. The right hon. baronet (Sir R. Peel) had said that these exploits were pupu ar with the service. That was easy to believe . but were they popular with the people of England? (hear.) If so there was no remedy; we must pay for them and pay dearly. The objection that the income tax was a we tax wee perfectly valid; it had been and still would be a war tee ; , farthing of it had been expended in these petty wars. (Hear, bear.) The only alternative for the oensidi ration of parliament and the country was a reduction of espeaditare or an increase of taxation. In supporting the fu' mess he should not be incon sistent in voting for the motion of the hon. member for to itielt to ne M wed r. D ch l ee Slt ri A ng YLl received that aelenowledgment ghee the same or Mr. GLADE TONE.—We failed in farming them. Montrose, which m e rely implied that the house agreed to the foreign power, as they had prem . :seal les 04.0 in 1842, oh, idneernilitx.thhiesthyeerariitosihtuplresa present f en or n m ti , n e n c t ue d ry in in some other form, or whether muse other tax should be sub stituted for it. cheering) He believed it to be the tact. (Rea me d Mr. W. MILES said that the question before the house cheering.) It was in 1846, after the mischief tmdß appeared to him to be whether the stare and situation of the the waifs was done, that the right honourable baronet country was such as to justify the propuitiou of the govern- consummated his policy. He then repealed the cons law meet : and upon this he c ame to a diffament conclueion from tberehy reducing the revenue mein millions more; and m e t the hon. baronet who had just spoken; fw he thought that =saki oeM atter doing so he quitted his office. (G ree t the government were right in asking what was necessary to laughter and cheering.) In so retiring the right hom meet the exigencies of the ceuntry. (Hear, hear.) He be. baronet addi eased his constituents in emenuatioa of Ina heated that the Increase which bad talo n place in their este- policy. He defended it by reference te the state of the em (Crest chee r_ hishments would add to the stability oi their situation, and venue. Now, he (Mr. Disraeli) believed that a great contribute to the maintenance of pence. He thought pervaded that position. lie believed that the state f e e t i f ili tlL l ns r o ed t b the proposition p c.: :, Litio " n a k ft i t e n h r g at:tt . t e e :altamene m formir -• that in revising their taxation they should look for the revenue -as no test of the soundness of commercial pol l ee' il ie n ot P ts " w t' it ; h co " u d ntri t es u which oppeesd"u ordinary revenue from duties upon imports; but at the (Hear, hear.) He believed the teat of commercial me.' same time, seeing that the system of free trade was nothing else than commercial prosperity. polity had not had a fair trial as yet, he did not think it i lio n f ir e . t ) bl:7h l osed le tisloe re lt: m yri e gd m :w be ; would be proper to draw any mien nce as to whether the f t : . T: . mwo ha rth il i n f ever ha . was ive p a repa a red siw to acta fig:e n. o peeelr_ policy pursued by the right hon. baronet the member for the tariffs co n: n o: ry a h b a y sing free fre, to it hostile tariffs, would be diminished to the evict extent Tamworth was right or not. (Hear, bear.) gi the e. p re re e ei e ou en s an d e at ta mt is no' tiO itt fort.reit wo uld iatn:i,an, ts ti ge; a 7 s ,t l in t t o t og g rov i tt e r on e : 0,.. m .1i r o e t r et latter, all, da,nh:a,shaken, more n nedno:fnoiatuns second anal labour thbo. :t in neint is m e . x i c h il euno t i oni n g e s e:, Mr. BROTHERTON would not enter into a discussion of the merits of different taxes ; but lie was couvinced that the income tax was unequal , and m:ght he made more just than it was at present. (Hear, hear.) With resio cc to the question whether they would grant the tax fur a year ii 7:bo ul u d r , ~ :, : i t r h a e f t. e rt Ly e e arq u, a h n a t iv t e y to n I. ur three years, the excellent speech ot the henourable commerce well nigh at a stendetill. Even in 1814 the • member for Westbury hail such au effect upon his mind that he came to the conclusion of voting with the government. Olr. CARDWELL wished very briefly to explain the hon. baronet told the home that he had hopes of f • t reasons which induced him to support the propene fn of the government on this occasion. Those masons were based on stet . were Riwi „ way. What was the fact? ' T two coraideratione : one, the duty he owed to the erne mem Imielation of the Kollverein had become more h 'bigot' flies I mantas community he had the honour to represent ; the t han ever, and that the lastof other ari.ing from a sense ot what was due to the credit and message the President of the United Stales comforted the manu nla se curity of this great country. H states Ile knew how much theurses of the with the assurance that their protection, though of prosperity , was aggravated by its iroposioon in this period before, for that they had now an average ad colorer - of unprecedented depression ; but, looking to the financiel tinn of not lees then 28 per cent. (Hear, hear.) I I proton, condition of the country, and to the exigencies of the impe- Prune., : the right hon. baronet had told the ho ' u m i : vial exchequer, and considering how much the revival of only obstacle to a friendly treaty of trade with France that - trade depended on the state of the treasury, he found it ins - her commercial and agricultural aratocr my : that • fa w , ' " I f possible to withhold his support from the government. was now quelled. Whet preopect had we of a frien a lfy l' (Hear, hear.) He would reject the put year altogether from treaty at the hands of Louis Blanc, and the sovereign people '- comideration, and consider the financial position in which they who now reigned at farms ? (Hear, hear.) The commercial stood at present. If Ise understood theChaneellor ofthe Exche- distrees, and the financial eusbetriegonent whieh r oe quer's statement, be would not have on hand, on the .sth of heavily upon England, were, in his opinion , to be p eatir I A era next, a larger sum than between 6,000,0001. and ascribed to the new system , and he was per? lt Tin : o l 7,000,0001., whereas, to carry him through the quarter, he that if this system were not distinctly abandoned, Ist ought to have about 9,000,0001., and he must therefore de- barramment :and distress could become fatal. Look et tie prod on the bank for assistance to the amount of between scene of the noble industry which produced thest pl two and three millions. They had before them also the esti- facture of the country. Whet wee the condition ‘ f ..I" pops.. t. mates for the coming year, and they had no reason to expeot lation—what the mate of its trade ? The "' al' that the deficiency would be lessthan 2,000.0001. Therefore, of its population was such, that tho beeriness of a .:11 by the sth of April, 1849, between four millions and five mil- ing of deb gate , et Manchester the other day, resol met. lions of money would be wanted. With regard to the ex- itself into the formation of a committee to consider the bat penditure, he thought that a great deal might be done ter means of emigration for the surplus hands to the Csibd the depressed energies of the country by a reduction in that states. (Hear, hear.) Another most significant docetnent respect. (Hear, hear.) Could any person suppose, had been put iota lite ha-id—an account of the number of However, that this expenditure could be reduced persons relieved in Manchester as paupers in the }earlier= in an instant, so that it could have a &et before last and the last year. In the year ending February,lB47 the sth of April. 1849 ? Part of the ex p enditure had been the number of persons so relieved w., 114,0 1 (1, the poor rani already incurred, nod they were left no option in the levied in Manchester amounting to 19,2131.; in th e veer ma tter. With regard to the great works of fortification and en di ng F e b ruar y, 1848, the number of permits ?dived e ' was the works in their naval arsenals, a great retrenchment 149,5(14 1 the amountofrate, 45 0001. . ,an might be expected when they were completed. But taking When be spoke of the decre :re in our exports, hon. gentle ' the most favourable view, and hoping the best for a revive' men opposite might say, as they said to the right hon. of trade and a good harvest, the most 'sanguine could not but member for Tamworth, that experts were no criterion of feel that by the s:lt of April, 1849, that Chancellor of the prosperity ; but, at all events, the fact was that our uports Exchequer must ask for the assistance of the Bank is the to the countries of the Old World had fallen off—fallen off amount of between four and five millions. Was that a most consie.e rahly—fallen off to the extent of not less than state of things which ought to be continued ? (Hear.) In two-and-a-half millions sterling. (Hear, hear.) True, then, justice to the commercial interests of the country, which had been au inerillSe of exports to the United States, smoost always sympathised with the state of its finances, wasft ing in value to two millions ; but he was informed on the right that such a state of things should be allowed to endure r very highest authority, that as far as the Lancashire et (Meat.) But it was said that they should raise the inc tine porters—and he believed the case nearly general —wets U.% in a more equal manner. The hon. member for Wset • concerned, they had nit received, up to the present moment, beim, in his powi rful speeeh, made • misteke in laying that more than 67 per cent. of the in ottley. (limo beat) no deduction was allowed for depreciation of machinery. He Among other cap trimente, the right fem. haionet hue tried was as anxious as the hon. member for Cockerm , nth (Mr. his " 'prentico hand" at the smear duties. With what snot to Reesman) to avoid all inequality, and obviate all injustice our trading industry ? In the 18 treadle pteo dog the in the tax. But the present law had this advatitege, as was change in these duties (from Feb. 1815 to Am. lelO), we truly said by the noble lord, that it alit' not put iii farce thee exported of the produce of our manufmturing indoor -le to minute system of inquisition which would be flummery if the W est I n di es , Mauritius, Bombay, Madras, andeole . utta, the system of income tax proposed by the hon. member for 5,797,0001., leaving, after allowing for the price of the coma Cockennouth were put in practice. That system was not material, nearly tour millions sterling for wages sad free from objection on the ground of inequality. Take, for profits. In the 18 moth following the change, instance, the case of a person receiving an annuity of 1601. a h e exports th these places amounted only year terminable with life, such a person would h ave to pay ` 4 7 650.000, a leaving, for wages and profits, Tall Bd. in the pound, sm.ilete gentleman receiving an ermemous 2,600.000 g. (Heir, hese. ) What was the counteract* income in Westminster Hall, would have to pay only 4d. in advantage that had then hell out to the menufacterime the pound. Ato .re monstrous injustice could not be intro- classes of Lancashire? What had been the greed remit of ducedOand it Wa..me which was foreign to the law as it stool' the promised increase oo exports to the sugar-mowing states? at present. (Hear, ha ar.) As far es his experience enabled Why this : to Brazil, Porto Rico, and Cuba there were et him to torus an opinion, nothing was so muck complained of ported in the first 18 months 2,400,0001., leaving tor waits as the inquisitorial nature of the tax. (Hear, hear.) But that and profits 1,700,0001. In the latter 18 months the espwY would be greatly aggravated under the plan prop.ned by the thither bad attaiind the tremendous increase of 2,800,000 e, hon. member for Corkermouth. Under the present law a leaving for profits and wages, at the higher price of cotton person who turned a capital of 100,0001. a year had but to 1,g60,0301. (Hear, heir .) Comparing thcadvatitnre wtitit make a single n turn un ler schedule B. Part ot this might had been derived by the operatives of all classes from the re- be borrowed moues., for which tie had given s. curity. but dection of the sugar duties with the absolute losses which , the tax gatherer naked him no questions, he took the 7d. its had been sustained by them, it would be fund that, sop the pound, and left him to deduct the cerreepending amount meting every hand empluped consumed 2311 be. of sugar, the from his creditor. But under the plan of the hen. member amount gained by the reduction of the sugar duties was f.r Cockermouth, a single return would not satiety 68,5421., whilst the loss incurred in wages was 1,161,6951, the tax gatherer. He must be shown all the elm so that in en et the operatives of Laticashae had beeerobbed ments from whieh the capital was drawn, and the precise of upwards of 1,100,0001. by the advantage of being able to amount of income derived from each portion. This would coneume cheap sugar. (Hear.) In that excellent gaud be an amount of inquisition to which ho would venture to publication, entitled " Burn's Commer. Oa Glance," say the commercial interests of this country would not long it was stated that during the last year tbe ditai. submit (Hear, hear.) He would vote fur giving the Utz nution in the exportation of printed and plain edi tor three years instead of for one year, because the re was no cons to the sugar colonies of Great Britain amount probability that the deficiency in the revenue would he made ed to 70,390,586 yards. And these were the results up in any of the two following years. And if of the commercial scheme of aggro duties acting upon the they feted it only for a single year, wln " was British colonies. It had been asserted that the reason why to become of trade in the mean time ? (Hear, hear.) the export of manufactured goods was smaller during the If they did not make due provision for the replenishment of last years, was that the supply of cotton was very want. Be the treasury what 'noel(' b, come of the confidence of coca- denied that there hod been any very serious falling off is merce ? That commerce was built up on the confidence the supply of raw cotton, nor did the returns show any seek wealth was reposed in their financial msnagement, sod itwas result. He could not forget teat the crop of cotton wee for this reason, amongst others. that this country formed • greater by 440,001 bars in 1847 then it was in 1840 and 41. • pillar for the whole commerce of the earth. The noble for i He would tell the house what was the cause of the fallint off the m mbar for Lynn had said that he would reimp we the in the export of manufactured goods. That cause was to be duties on those articles (mei which they had been removed. found in the fact that the recent alteration in the sugar lie differed from the noble lord in that policy, and the hon. duties had operated fatally against the c Woe meedectutent member for Somemetehire said, with a candour that did him and had diminished the demand .or their productions. In a honour, that free trade had not had a fair trial. That was letter from New ()deem, he found it stand that the reduc e reason amoneen others to induce hiai to vote frl the tax Lion of the duties on foreign slave sugar had rem for three years. lie knew this was not agreeable, but he such a stimulus to the production of sugar, that elan-Mbar believed that the nmessities of the country required it. was transferred from the cultivation of cat t:in to theta( " Gretiora posse vobis dicere satin beio : vera pro gratis sugar, and hence the future supply of rew cotton would am loqui si useum non moverit ingenium necessitas cogit." cennarily be greatly diminished. (Hear, hear.) lie hod (Cheer...) He could not take upon himself the resinntsihs" been asked if he was prepared to re-unieme the duty oaths City of voting fur a motion thst would seriously *affect the import of raw cotton. To this he would reply that if it commercial interests of the country- And in voting fee the could be ehewn to him that tee English manutsieturer had proposition of the government he believed he would beet derived any . advantage from the &Wittiest ot the duty he itimharge his duty ,o the country, and he should at all would be satisfied, and not seek to restore the duty ; bet h events in doing so have the approbation of his own con- was certain that no such result could be shown. ToeriNfl mieuce. (Cheers.) of raw cotton might be quoted to bear out the view wllo Mr. DISRAELI eat that the hon. gentleman who had took of the question ; for whilst that article was quoted M just spoken had lea out ot consideration the lent year—he 44. 4-16ths per lb., in the year 1845, before the duty ti best knew why—when the commercial and trading interests taken off, it was cold at 4d. 8-16 the per lb . , oa an avenre of the country had been suffering from a depression which after he tariff had been altered by the right honounell had been unknown in termer years. The hen. member fat baronet. (Hear, hear.) The facts whieh he bad cited had Westbury, in his very able speech, made one or too obser- induced him to draw a conclusion, that the free : nada vations which comprised him. lie declared that the were by no means unconscious of—namel y that during tlia country had been enriched twenty-fold by the re- whole time that they were talking ot free trade they we mission of the dusk a which had been effected by establishing a monopoly. The talk was of free node, bit the right hon. baronet the member for Tamworth. the real question between the ootto t grower and the UMW The return trios the property and income tax up to the sth facturer, was who could hold mat the longed.. The promo of April, 1846, was 5,600,0301. The estimate of the return tioniats had always been taunted wick the asser.ion that f a 18414 is calculated by the Chancellor of the Exch. quer as they had not proved their case • hut he thought that b h elted .) 5 . 200 . 0001 - i s howin g a deficiency of 400 . 9001 - No w if he mill- succeeded in effecting that object. (" Hear," anal laugter tiplittd that by 34, as he had a right to do. it represented a lie had shown how the result of the right kin. bareuet's felling off ion the national income of 13 702,0001. He made commercial policy had been ti occasion the whole loss of the that calculation according to the etrieteet rale of ac- duties which he took off, and the additional loss to the counts, and yet the hon. gentleman said the wealth country of the income tax. (Rear.) Ile had shear:how, of the country had increased twenty-fold. (lime, hear.) in respect to the sugar dut ies , the operstivi a had aisOf The meentser for Westbury had also called attention to an 68,0001., whilst they Met in weges 1,100,0001. He mighttO increating commerce with France. If ho (Mr. Diemeli) told by the opposite side that the principles .0 were a politico-economist, he certainly should not cite our free trade had not had a fair trial. But 11! trade with France as a very favourable example of a tree- Remitted that the doctrines ot the hon. member for the wed trade system. Contrast our trade with France with our err riding of Yorkshire had received every trial to which they lomat trade, aod how inferior would it not be found? were entitled, and they had also received ample refutatem (Hear, hear.) Then the bon. gentleman had referred to The view which he and his par y took of the matter, Ins. the natioualJebt, which he declared to have been re faced that free trade had ruined commer ce, and that the boon 01 ,20 millions since the iiicome tax was enterced. But the cheap sugar had met the menutectorine chimes soon . hon. member (ergot that the income tax since 1842 had ten times what they had gained by it. NV as t he country 10 brought to the revenue nearly 33,000,0001., and the China set k for its consolation under the present tiaancial profs , ' money amounting to 6,000,0001. (Hear, hear.) No wonder, sition of the government in the pee sager lid 0 , iodate', that the national deot was reduced. (Cheers ) But, sure of 1817, whieh the right bon. bart. (Str R. Peel' , , said the bon. member, our trade is nothing lo reluctantly 'imported. Ile would rot go limo the details 4 , said ea the trade in France. What cud the the tariff as the right hon. baronet had done. Ile tee a French King at the opening of the late chambers? Certainly he had sufficiently shown the causes of the prevent deo . his II ejery 's speech anything but bore out the and distress that prevailed at Matichester to have origineted hon. member's view. But then the hon. member started a in the new commercial schema. He would not visit us the, propoition that all the taxes did and ought to con e out of minister the consequences of the adverse ercunestanees 01 the innustry of the country. That was a poeition which he which they had been the vietirae--(husd laugnter)e. ar (Mr. Dierae.i) was prepared to deny . Taxation ought to was he diepise4 to ascribe to the right hon. bermiet (Sit n't com come tram the productions of the foreigner, not from the in- Peel) the moral consequences of the fatal error heathad _ dustry of our own people. (Cheers.) Again, the hon. mined. (Continued laughter.) There th. y Monw member r went on to ray, that the erint:ples carried out by ing to the oppoaite benches) who were ropes: the ministers in 1845, were the principles that ministers ad. Bible for the present state of the cowmen. snl, vacated in 1842. On that point he (Mr. Disraeli) was again manufactures ot the country. (Laughter and sheets-) ,at issue with the member for Wes.bury e Althouith the But, as it was impossible to foresee what th m o is,7_ ice one tax was brought ferwurd on principles whicn were would do if it were not checked in its career, he could if M awake. l b ' not clearly defined, the tariff was certainly propounded upon say that showed rotectionists oweht to be hi e em , • principle that MOO particularly, clearly, and explicate set fiaanCee a deficit of 8,000,0001., h wes tne , er: forth. 'The destruction of prohibition, and the reduction of amount that the right hon.baronet had deprived there nl: elm mice duties, were measures accompanied with a notifiee- of by his commercial policy. The greet minister had_ ull bat the too to the house that the government were in corremuni. of lightening the springs of industry —(Cheers) som ence with foreign courts and with great traders in foreign springs were broken, the machine would no longer 1; countries, in order to secure some sort of reciprocity. But (Hear, bear.) The country had been told that it how too " in 184.5 nothing of than sort occurred. The policy of the distress arose from overtrading, but if so, s ,, h e Ipresent government was mimetic; the policy of the govern- that the right honourable baronet had recomme Oeo s .... , ment of that (fay was not mimetic, it was Cobden'e. (Hear, commercial system, upon the mound that it would e "..! hear, and cheering.) What were the circumstances ? In reliewed impetus to commerce, ,others te same tam r :. l , nef . the interval between 1612 and 1815 a 'rest confederation accuses the manufacturers and of ov:tenter:On had arisen; a confederation very powerfully organised, con- (Hear.) He (Mr. Diemen did not consider nen. was the ducted by very able men—men who concentrated all their been any over-trading. If there had been, w hten wsO r , „ : energies and knowledge on the work. That confederation cause of it but the gent minister who had lie 0.. ed propagated principles so commerce totally different from the springs of industry. ( Hean" and laughter.) w iai ne ri n, wse opinions of Sir H. Peel in 1842. Their opinions were not that commerce which the free traders had comp . n c 0.,. the opinions of Mr. Pitr, or of Lord Shelburne, upon the o cabinet', crab'd, confined," and which th wu ng.!.7 adoption of which Sir R. Peel had prided himself in 1842. honourable baronet had released ? Where ts _ ee They were not the opinions of free trade, which Wandering far away, and atment froze 17 0 ; was a principle he (Mr, Disraeli) was always preptrod haunts! The whole of the mischief ha d bee n n in Balla to support. (Oh, oh, and a laugb.) Yes: be was a free- gained by a work which be had uo hesitate:. _ ___ bole trader, bet he was not a free-booten (Loud cheers.) The was the greatest effort of imagination tin e as id t s u ch ev e 7 po yme gentlemen opposite were free-bootem• (Renewed cheers.) witnessed in this country. He meant the IC the right holt. They Joel down as their principle to "buy in the cheapest by the import committee. (Hear, hear.) .....h). er the and sell in the dearest market." He denied that that was baronet (Sir R. Peel), or the noble lord (J. K i moment the princi le of free trade. The principle of free trade was Manchester free-traders, would now at the preTee en barter. (Cheers.) Another of their principles was, "Take come forward and frankly admit that they had be e _ i ' s 7: e care of the imports and the exports will take care of them- in their commercial policy, then he woul . 4.aree be T e ;Ti g ht, es selves." That was another principle equally opposed, as he tax • but , persisting as they all three did Litre reeentatioess (Mr. Disraeli) conceived, to free-trade principles. But those could only my that, taking them on theiro tin ,,_,,i were the principles the right hon. baronet adopted in 1845. there was no neoessity whatever for gran fe s ‘ e t im.7-..„ (Loud cheers.) In the interval the government, ot which taxation. He took the evidence reported 0 7 bed dm he was the head, had mat produced a single treaty with a committee for his guide, as tha right non • baronet Funded debt Management Intorent on Lleflcienc7 gins inter eat on Exchequer Ella Reductions w the customs and excise elution £9,831,625 Such had been the result of the financial policy of the right hen. baronet. He would now refs r to its commercial conse quences. In 1842 the commerce of the country was in a prostrate condition hut between that and 1816 our exports increased 10,000,0661. It had been said that we ought not to have relaxed our tariff until other countri• s consented to do o too. That would not have influenced him as an im portant consideration. (Hear, hear.) lie ha d y et to learn hy we should do ourselves an injury by reusing to adopt a wise policy because other countries refused to adopt it. Then it had been said that as we relaxed our tariff other countries made theirs more stringent, and that we could not afford to import without exporting to a corresponding degree. But what bad been the actual result? Why, that a material in crease had taken place in our trade with those countries on the continent whose tariff was most boetile to us, and that while in 1842 the whole amount of our exports was only 20,000,0001, in the year 1846 they amounted to 27,000,0001. (Hear, hear.) The depresslin if the last two years was unparalleled in Europe generally as well am in this country. And yet, contrasting it with the year 1829, which was also a perm.: of great dcpressi in, he found that in t' at year only 2.000,000 quarters of cirn had been imported, while 12,000,000 bad been imported this year. Tho import of other articles of food had increased in a still greater de gree ; and he could not refer to that fact wit .out tendering his deepest gratitude to the right hon. baronet for having made it possible to import those articles which before 1842 were entirely probihi ed. The following table would show the increase which had taken 161 place on those imports: — 5. 1847. Orals lime Use animas Ku. $4,000 ?rondos* ..... Ws. 133,000 flutter oda 254.001 Cheese eat.. 268,000 Now, looking to this enormous increase of imports, what, he would ask, would this country have done during the late famine if those articles had sill been prohibited? (Hear, hear.) Notwithstanding that in the past year we h,d im ported 216,000 live animals, it was very generally complained that animal foo I had rarely been so dear. (Hear, hear.) But what would have been the consequence, if, with a slid ing scale to prevent the importation of a large portion of grain, animal fool had been entirely prohibited as before 1842 ? In his opinion it would have been impossible during the past year to have maintained those laws. (Hear, hear.) He contended that with a siding scale they could not, owing to the peculiar circumstances of the season, have imported anything like a sufficient quantite , the countries near us being as badly off as ourselves, and our supply being had partly from the United States and partly from d'stant parts ot Russia. The failure of tke harvest in France, Germany, and Southern Europe made them large importers of grain ; and the tffi et, be admitted, showed itself upon our exports • but it should be reme mbered that, in 1846, outof 56 , 000 , 00 d of exports, no leas than 27,000,0001. west to the countries of Europe—that France took no less than 2,700,000/„oermany 0,000.0001., as much as nor whole East Indian territories put together. and Holland 3,400,0001., being a larger num than was yielded by the whole of our American Briti-h 'teases sioue. Our trade had, no doubt, suffered from the blight of the potato in France and ot the barley crops in the Rhenish provinces, es might be seen in some of the leading articles of manufacture exported from this country to Southern and Western Europe : 1444. 1447, Colton twist ..........16e. 102,629,901 Thread sad sewing Plain rahnoes lards 109,117, 507 Printed catches Linens Woollens £ 2, 007 , 136 Silks 319,360 That showed how exceedingly sympathetic the markets were with the state of Europe. But there was another reason why our export trade had suffered during the last year, namely , the depressed state of the eastern markets, which were altogether unconnected with the policy of the right hen. baronet. Our exports to the eastern markets were as follows ;