The Express. — London, England, 1847-10-19 00:00:00

the present, and as reasons fore xpecliz further ad vances out of the exchequer of the hi om. If Ire land wants further help from lingland • is surely not the way to bring her case before the public. Those who do nothing ought to say nothing. Ireland helping her self will be in the best position for requesting help from her neighbours. labour sympathises with labour, independence with independence. Industry ties promptly to the relief of industry, but moves slowly and relactantty to aid those who sit folding their lauds and "trying to exist" by doing "nothing. Our Paris letters of Sunday, and the journals of all political shades of opinion, speak of little else than Switzerland. France is mingled in the affair, in con sequence of her government having agreed to supply arms, ammunition, and all other warlike supplies, to the cantons of the Sonderbund. This fact is made a matter of inculpation against the government by the journals of the opposition, which charge it with aid ing and abetting an insurgent body in its resistance to the legitimate and acknowledged government of Switzerland. The organs of the French government meet this charge by au admission of the fact, and a plea of justification. The fabrication of arms in France is a monopoly of government, like the trade in tobacco. Government is the only vender of arms to foreign purchasers. It sells to all who seek to buy, unless there be some special reason for refusing to deal with the applicant A canton of Switzerland being a sovereign state in friendly relations with France, and asking to purchase guns in the French market, as no more right to expect a refusal than it would have if it sought to buy cigars to an equal amount, Such is in substance the first ground of defence set up by the French government But, secondly, it justifies on the alleged merits of the Swiss question. The federal government, it says, has powers and rights limited by the terms of the pact. The diet, in passing the decree against the Jesuits, violated the cantonal sovereignty, infringed on the principles of religious liberty and the freedom of public instruction, and exceeded those limits imposed on its powers by the federal pact Such decrees were, therefore, unconstitutional and invalid ; the cantons have a right to resist their exe cution, and are in doing so entitled to the sympathy and aid of foreign powers. The steamer which the canton of Vaud had armed and manned on the Lake of Neufchatel, as a vessel of war, in order to intercept any vessel that might be conveying arms to the Friburg shore, presented itself within two cables' len of the city of Neufchatel, under what were re ed as menacing and hostile circumstances, and uced a reclamation on the part of that canton against that of Vaud,which was transmitted to the vorort at Berne. Morat, although a district of Friburg, is protestant, and it counts a population of 8,000 souls. This dis trict has been summoned by the cantonal government of Friburg to supply its military contingent to the army destined to support the Sonderbund, and to op pose the federal government At an assembly of the population of the district, held on the 13th, it was re solved to refuse to comply with this demand, and, on the contrary, to place itself at the disposition of the federal government If the cantonal government of Friburg attempts to compel the district of Morat by force of arms to supply the required contingent, a federal intervention will doubtless be demanded, and can scarcely be refused. Civil war would be the immediate result. Advices from St. Gall say that the ultimate derision of the landagemeinde was not yet known, but *IC the ultramontane party had made four proposition', -of '77 to 73. The which were rejected by a majority b. intelligence communicated by a correspondent of La Press* yesterday seems, therefore, to be inexact. Letters from Italy, quoted by the German journal., say that th e evacuation of Ferrara is again indefinitely adjourned. According to them, the Pope demands the complete evacuation, including the citadel. This Austria refuses. Negotiations were nevertheless still continued, and new propositions had, it was said, been transmitted from the Vatican to Schoenbrunn, which, it was hoped, would lead to a favourable conclusion. MADRID, Oar. 12. The brilliancy of the birthday ball (riven at the palace on Sunday night is • theme upon which the moderado papers dwell with much satisfaction. The journals that sneered at the levees of 'nes and La Gracia, and ridi titled the illumination for ero w il l not spare their readers the description of • single can dle, satin petticoat, or military sash on the present ocomion. The Queen opened the ball with Prince Carini, the Neapolitan ambassador, and afterwards danced with the Duke of Gluckaberg, Narvaes, Mr. Bulwer, and some others. When not dancing, the Queen sat beside her little cousins. Many distinguished progresistaa were present, as Olosaga, Linage, MendiaaMl, etc. A splendid sapper was served at half-past three in the artsbigu, and the 4; i Mi e r r ed at five. It appease that Brunalli paid a long visit to the King at the Pazdoes . Whether influenced or not by this bassets% the Wag wrote a latter of congratulation to the Quota as bar birthday ; and it is generally expected that the emus% will fellow up this conciliatory step by re turning to the passe of Madrid without delay. Owaseul Scream kit the capital yesterday morning at nine In a peedegemsrlege for Grenada. Generals Roe de Olaue and Domingo's stempanied him a short way, to take have. The Bco also awatlsaa Dr. Nunes as one of the friends who paid the ham Iheetnite this attention. Dr. Nunes is mid Wham bees the perms who spread the report of a pro. graded emplresi big upon the eve of breaking out, as an urgent meth, it hasten ing the events which occurred on the night of the IA lt is said that the Queen, having dia that there was no foundation for the doctor's report, covered Laeforbidden him to enter the palace since. A letter from the progresista D. Juan Perez Calve, pub lished in the Clamor of Sunday, has made some noise. It reveals the substance of an interview which Calve had with Serrano at La Granja. Serrano upon that occasion is said to have made the following assertions . That the heads of the progreeista party rejected his influence ; that he regretted this the more, as the Queen thought the time arrived when she might choose her advisers from among the members of that party ; that this party had not yet been admitted to power, because it was known to be Olosaga's intention to re-establish the Salio law ; that Coda's would not accept power without stipulating his removal from the mart, a condition not ace table to her Majesty; that the mum of Mendisabal, notwithstanding his known loyalty, figuring in the ministry, was enough of itself to excite a rovehttkm ; that General Linage had been mimed by Qatrral I. of to a secret society ; tint &m ins se ho Mead ; at i d ) ,Vy, that Corredi had beam ledling 1111116 flows with the sing at the Pardo. In consomme sithees ressiMises India* and Cerruti ham written to the Amer, desiering the pert, attributed to them to be inventime. A decree smears in the Gazette repealing the decree of Selesseese, *Web orders the sale of the property of reli gious fralemilies, hermitages, &c. The Carew laving declared that it p emssssd evidence shwa smaste proof of Salamanca's having acted the pert el la maaaaapS rns st Norms sad Ra" de Oboe in work ing the dewed& of the late misistry, D. Jessaim de Gan da* sod lenswea bar called ars the Mester of the Chinn eimeriared by Salsm ewes, iseamed espirs tree. gist. el the risk hes Use a letter tor theme two Need' pallishal in the Clamor, in which they drime, rhea up is 10 ea Sunday night Sala maw; was Ides ta die deck r es what wee gobs ea. The lr Mass thst Mbar t, le be hreis Vreeday. The serieries ef Omani Chimer eadilery gewgaw of NAM hes bra tesehel L the ilmw eeehtes with much die taries**. It Gamma Chacon was pendia Weed = deers the ministry of Narmez, he was IMlpsuboi of berg werereed in the ems plot with the Dress er Trim eel PAM for the isalseadee of tray somperalab wise were by these erred of ern gide. the wereasat. A draw tree *sir up egaiest Ohara by D. Pascual Pommies Dam, magkante of the Askireda, esrearag thud be dread be beer* to trial berme tlo erepoteut waned. Dr the seemed was screened by the government, and even reworded by the place of second cabs in Asdalssia. It was remarked that the progresista club did not illumi nate on the 10th. VIENNA, OCT. 10. We cannot say that we are here in a political crisis, although the state of things would form a crisis any where else. Last year several of the provincial diets emboldened themselves to make representations on the subject of taxation; and the diet of Lower Austria, that meets at Vienna, actually complained of the infringe ment of its privileges by the " holkammer," or exche quer, in raunng imposts without its consent. This re presentation was better taken than might have been expected, the government pocketing the affront, al. thosgb, of course, no notice was taken of the remon strance. It set other diets going, however, and a simi lar complaint was made from Prague, with equal in utility. In September last the diets met again, to pen their usual vote of assent, without inquay, to the demands of the minister. But at Prague the Radchin," for the first time since the peace of Weetphalia (or rather since 1620) resounded to the echoes of parliamentary eloquence. Strangers are now not only shown the window out of which the Bohe mian nobles threw the imperial commissary (whose life was saved by his falling on an auspicious dung kill), but also where Count Nostra and the rest held their famous speeches in 1847. The German papers, for obvious reasons, dare not go into details on tho subject. The Bohemians, however, refused to as to the " postulate" addressed to them, ostensibly en the gromd of its containing an item of 50,000 &wins, to *over the cost of a change not yet made in the organisation of certain courts. The real ob j ect, t of coarse, was to N•ing their right to discuss the b u d ge t to issue, in which have partly succeeded. The imperial commissary, taken aback, did not know what to do, and instead of taking a vote for the levies without this sum, reported the whole to Vienna, oa which the diet declared it would remain assembled until the matter was settled. The authorities have, however, been too clever to get into a public quarrel with the diet, which would have made a noise in all Europe, and only took the refusal ad notanduns giving it to be understood that they would levy the taxes as usual, and this addition into the bargain, voted or not voted. Here then the Bohemians stand exactly in the predicament of the Berlin diet. They have said their say, and are dubious whether it would be practicable or reasonable to appeal to violent mea sures to give weight to their votes. Revolutionary measures are scarcely practicable in the present state of indifference and love of ease of all parties, more especially of the inhabitants of the capital, 35,000 of whom assemble on all festive occasions with muskets in their hands, and never dream of anything of the kind. The "civic guard" however, show in their order book an order of the day, signed by Napoleon, for having faithfully guarded the city while be was thrashing their much-beloved " Kaiser, " at Wagram. Such are the Viennese. The men of Prague are un questionably much more excitable: witness the tumults of last year, when the wages were reduced in the factories. But there is not understanding enough between the higher and the lower orders to furnish stuff for a revolution. In the present year the Diet of Styria, held at Gratz, has added its name to the list of " remonstrants r and even the Tyrolese at Inspriick have made a demand, although it does not go beyond the petition for a rail way. These are, however, all signs of the times ; and we cannot here sufficiently wonder at the nerve of our statesmen who affect to take so high a position re garding Italy, while the ground is mined under their feet. That no province would go heartily into a war in Italy may be supposed. But the great difficulty would be, that in such a case the notes of the Bank of Vienna, already tested to the length of their tether, would lose value; and arbitrary levies of provisions and money would not be tolerated in the provinces. The Grand Duke of Tuscany seems to be the only party who sees through the deception; and he is wise enough to compound with his people on the footing of reform, rather than to risk his throne to please the Aus trians. An intervention in Switzerland would be most unpopularhere, where thelesuite are hated and ridiculed under their assumed name of " Ligaoriani." The stories current about these monks, who go about here with broad-brimmed hats, rival Boccaccio ; and the first popular tumult will perhaps be occasioned by them. You must know that when people here talk of the Jesuits, they mean much oftener something poli tical rather than religious, which they feel to be in their way. It is by arrogating the direction of edu cation that the Jesuits (lay and clerical) have exaspe rated the people ; and their name is but a watchword used by the awakening popular feeling as a battle-cry against their oppressors in general. Even the Pope will not be popular here until he puts down this order by a solemn bull. FRANCE.—PARIS, Ocr. 18.—The appeal of M. d'Eequevilley against the sentence of the Court of Assize of the Seine , condemning him to ten years rethaion for per. Id. committed on the trial of M. Beauva ll on, for killing Id. Dujarrier in a due l , came on for hearing yesterday before the Court of Cssation. D'Ecquevilley's advocate contended that the sentence ought te be quashed ; first, be cause Madame Valory, an important witness in the case, bad been summoned and sworn under that name, though it was not her real one, whereas the criminal code requires that the real name of the witnesses shall be communicated to the accused; next, because Grieier, one of the wit nesses, remained in the court until he was examined, which was a violation of art. 316 of the code; thirdly, because the President of the Court of Assizes had allowed letters to be read which had nothing to do with the case; fourthly, because the court had decided that the letters in question should be read, without hearing the prisoner's advent* after the public prosecutor had spoken—a violation of the law which enacts that the prisoner shall always be allewbd the last word; and the fifth and most important objection was, that the judges had called M. de Meynard, the principal wit nee for the prosecution, into the thambre du conseil, and asked to give explanations whilst the judges were deliberat ing on the sentence. After he the advocate-general in opposition to these argument., the court over-ruled all the ob jections and rejected the appeal.. D'Ecquevilley will there fore have to undergo the punishment mentioned above. M. Derain, whose case appeared in our journal of yesterday, hu also ap pealed ; as, also, BeitlY2lloll. HAVRE.—The opening of the Florida basin took place on Thursday at high water, when the quays and every point commanding a view of the Beene were crowded with rs. The gates being open t ad the splendid steamer, the spectators. The Captain Ferrand, lightened by having her coal taken out, entered with perfect ease, and was brought to her mooring up to the quay, and the gates were shut. All passed with the most perfect satisfaction. STEAM-POWER. IN FRANCE. The following is a statement of the amount of steam-power employed in France on the Ist of January, 1846, from the official returns —Engines are divided into three sorts, according to the use they are intended for: Ist, those applied to manufactures ; 2nd, those em ployed _ in navigation ; 3rd, the locomotive engine. Let us exa mine the facts peculiar . to each of these. The steam-engines employed in industrial establishments com prised, in 1845, 7,694 boilers, and about 4,114 fixed engines, havingzei n it force of 54,188 steam - hone. The manufactories • use of this power were in number 4,532, nearly the hal of which were classified under the fol lowing principal divisions—let. Weaving and printing, 1,728. 2nd. Iron works, machine making, and mineral enterprises, 561. 3rd. Sugar manufactures and refineries, 326. In 1844 there were but 3,645 fixed machine": they have conse quently increased, in 1845, 467 in number. It is much more than in any former period. The engines employed for 'Aviv'. tion amounted to 448, employed in 249 vessels. In 1844 they were but 382 ea 238 vessels. The mechanical force of our 259 steamers (for both maritime and internal service) re presented 18,050 horse power; which transported 3,461,000 passengers, and 697.000 tons of merchandise. It is to be observed, that in 1843 the latter number reached 1,306,000 tons, and that it was still at 1,820,000 tons in 1844. It is thus evident that in two years there has been a decrease of nearly half in the vfosport of merchandise. Must this be attributed to the op. position of the railway ? It is certain this latter mode of conveyance must have injured navigation. The number of locomotive engi nes , very inconsiderable in 1846, was but 3 3, representing a force of 4,695 steam horse, and serving fifteen railways. These numbers were about double what Be um then paseessedi they must, doubtless, have incre peed considerably since. The following statement gives the collective force of steam engines, of every kind, employed in France. The 4,114 fixed engines made use of in iron works and other establishments, com prised, at a ratio of three waggon horses— Per deem hems . ..1 150.564 horses. Ths 14S molder tee amfgallen. b4,150 The 3111sedmelive So that on the let Jan.7l l s l le tho poseered in France 4,872 steens-enginek having a hews of 73,080 steam horses, sepromatiag 218,799 Team bone% which equalled the bumf. form of 1,631,593 ma. It is Wmilated that the mishaele ham employed he lashed is meal to nearly 16 'Mimeo:se. Notwithalredigthk lummes difference, it is meta& that the me sad emetruedie of slime machinery increase amlingortmegmy .It winetberemembereithat flee run p we p mraa no man Om 2,864 imatees Of As to whet maw= the state of our =egaita, the following nembege abseidate the ques tion the 4,114 fi xed mailthass el 1848, 3,649 had been made in Prams, as well as 194 lamer olive engines upon the 313 then existig. Thus the Mamma of the latter was 76 in lamer of beembat maeldmay. Nor, till 1842, the admatege had one been la bum ef *sedge esastrestise. Too inesehelable beta are ems mule mligut the mob= of err tolloassi W inoressed, slam we ere, ha the resent saimmt, me" shier In miehneleall implemente i ma that the sat of coaatrastiarb Lag leshiedluad la Frame, ma now emulate all foreign samaketare. PRUSSIA.—Banne, Ocr. 14.—M. de Kneeebeck, general aide-de-camp to the King, has retired, and been named general field-marshal. M. de Boyen has retired from the Ministry of War; he has also been named general field marshal, and governor of the Invalid Military House of Ber lin. General Rohr has been nominated to replace M. de Boyen. AUSTRIA.—VIENNA, OCT. 7.—There in a rumour in high circles here of the accession of Austria to the Zell vereut The Maio Councillor d'Esch is at Berlin, carrying on negotiations on this important question. Acorreepondent, writing to the Augsburg Gauges from Vienna, under the head of " Borden of the Danube, Oct. 8," states that in con sideration of the 'stardoms of an approaching civil war in Switzerland, the cabinet of Vienna Me decided upon sta tioning a corps of observation on the frontiers, lkom the Lake of Constance to the Lego Maggiore. Orders have been sent to this effect to the divers mili tary chief' of Tyrol and Austrian Italy. Reinforeementa are to be sent. The Vorarlberg, in which there are already from three to four thousand men, will be reinforced by one thousand men, and the like number will be sent to reinforce the important point at the entrance of the Engadine. It is hoped that these mammas will contribute, indirectly at least, to the msbatsameee at peace. VENICE.—The ACIAII27 of Arta and Sciences ban decided that in 001AMINIMIlall a the scientific congress held within its walls a Pauthein shall he erected, in which will be pissed the bole of a the esaleent men of the Venetian itv a J . l o e: the area amble pselod to the 18th century. has been approval 41 by the archduke vice roy, who has chosen the dams paime it that effect GALlClA.—Lesnase, SIPT. 22.—The trials of the persons implicated in lint mr's conspiracy are rapidly approaching their tandesi Two of the con sputters have suffered death, 20 odd have been eon dentneite heed Near la the fortaissee, while 40 leave bees pardoned and set at liberty. Among these latter is the youthful Caul Key. BAMBURO, OCT. 12.—A gambling house has again been established here. The archducol government hu esseleded a contract with Meagre. Blue, lumbers, which fixes this gambling-houee till the Ist of April 1871. For the purpose of making it as extensive as possible, these pro prietors have 3,000 shares, at 600 iiol4llll each, It is their Gesso to frond a company, and after deducting the mm of 30,000 florins for the reserve fund, 10,000 florins for im proviag the establishment, and 16,000 florins as the salary of the directors (the directors are the honourable contractors themselves), to divide the surplus among the members. On the 20th ult. the Hamburg merchantman, the Independence, Captain Schaecht, arrived at Hamburg, from New York. Among her crew of thirty men was a fru negro named Prim who we. the butt of the rest of the sailors. They made him believe that the captain intended Ito throw him overboard and leave him to be drowned. In a spirit of revenge Prim got a hatchet, and steeling into the cabin during the night, struck the captain with it; but wounded him so slightly that he was able to get up, over power the black, and have him pinioned and thrown into the pigsty, when he remained cramped up till the ship arrived in port, when Captain Schaecht delivered him up to justice, end prosecuted him for an attempt to murder. Prim, on the other hand, laid a complaint against the captain and crew for ill treatment. The double trial came to a hearing on the 7th, the result of which was that Prim was sentenced to confinement with hard labour for twelve months, the cap tain to simple imprisonment for sin months, and the crew to the like punishment for one, two, and three mouths, for pro voking the animosity of Pr im by their fate representation. THE PROJECT OF POSTAL REFORM TO BE SUBMITTED TO THE CONGRESS OF DRESDEN. The Weser Zeitung publishes, in a correspondence received from the Lower Rhine, a project of postal reform, signed at Vienna on the 13th, at Berlin on the 31st of March of this year, which is to be submitted to the postal congress, that was to open on the 15th inst. The establishment of extended communication by means of railways , says the project, " will arse important changes in the ptitil relitions of the divers nations. It will become absolutely indispensable to choose the shortest way for the transmission of letters, a ussimity which will involve many embarrassments, in con sequence of the irechuive rights which now exist, and which are consecrated by treaties. It is neces =ao ensure, as soon as possible, a system of operation, and a uniform reduction in the rate of postage in all the states of Germany. The postal administrations of Germany must, therefore, ogres together to adept a uniform tariff, and send letters by the most direct channels. Then are measures impe ratively demanded by public opinion, and these objects will be best forwarded by mesas of a German postal association, the chief base. of which are stated as follows in the project ; 1. The German Postal Association proposes to establish a uniform rate of postage for effects seat by mails and dili genius between the states of the Germanic confederation. The regulation of the rates of postage in each state, and those of each state with foreign countries, are to occupy specially the attention of each postal administration. Aatria and Prussia, however, are disposed to accede to the postal asso ciation with all the other states. 2. The agreemeat concerning uniformity of rates must first be made with regard to letters, but may be extended, if no obstacles are in the way, to effects carried by diligence. 3. With regard to the question of uniform rates, the fol. lowing points are to be considered—As regards taxation : It will be necessary to establish the rate of postage of this asso ciation, on the basis, already adopted with the greatest suc cess amongst divers states of the confederation, of a common rate, to be divided in proportions, with as few charges as pos sible ; the first charge to be a rate as far as the frontier, and the rest average charges for alligreat distances. It is unnecessary to say that the necessity ofpre-paying would be abolished. The postal administrations which have t7l now derived the benefit of the rate for the transmission of German lettete only, must be indemnified for the loss they may sustain from the suppression of that rat*. As a basis will be taken the faculty inherent in German postal administrations, to transmit the letters of the several states of the association, by the shortest channel, with the consent of the postal ad ministration which grants the transit. It will be necessary also to coanider the freedom from postage rules of sovereigns and their families—the obligatory prepayment on cone spondence sent to sovereigns—freedom of prepayment on official documents—the rate for samples, tie. sent by poet— the treatment of letters on whicit pi4gal shall advance money, and that of letters returned. The progression of weight in the taxing of letters must else be considered. It must only extend to the corresponding, et the states of the association, and each administration _M have the faculty of fixing the progression of weight fie b. tuna correspondence. A series of minor considerations are , then gone into, which it is needless here to dwell on. The project concludes by saying, that to discuss all that ap pertains to the creation of a postal association, a German postal commission should be formed, to be composed of dele gates from the postal administrations of Germany and baring full power and necessary instructions to act. If the above-mentioned points formed the basis of their discanion, there can be no doubt that the ides of an association would soon be realised. The questions of the tariff end compensa, tion are the only ones likely to cause any difficulties. THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY COLONIAL CANADA.—MONTREAL.—A SLAVE CusE.—A few months ago a slave named Brown, belonging to a Mr. So merville, of Maryland, was murdered by his master. Some time alter the master himself was murdered, and a brother of the murdered slave was taken up and tried for the offence. Not the smallest evidence could be made out against him, and he was acquitted. An acquittal of a coloured man in each a io n of the world must be held as a most convincing proof of him innocence. But the relatives of the d eceased sold Brown into the desolating bondage of the south. He made his escape from New Orleans, and reached Philadel phia, where he expected to live in safety. But the man-stealer was on his track. Brown had a wife and seven children in Maryland, whom he was desirous of rescuing from bondage. He had assumed the name of Russell ; but a correspondence was commenced from Philadelphia in his real name—the letter reached the slave-owners, and they determined to be revenged still farther. The thieves of Maryland had no longer any control over his body as their property, for they had made it over to the thieve. of New Orleans—but two of them appeared at Philadelphia, claiming Brown as a mu?. derer ! This is a favourite and kacknied mode of wising a victim. The applicants knew well that they had no right to claim the persecuted man as a murderer, for he bad been tried and acquitted, and could not be tried again. But, if they had him once more in their possession, they could eudly do privately what they could not do judi cially, and at least they could punish km severely for running away, and restore him to chains and bondage. Two bloodhounds appeared at the magistrate's office in Phila delphia, claiming their victim. He was clapt into prison ; but the abolitionists were at their poet—the warrant was informal, and on that ground he was released. Seising the favourable moment, before the informality could be remedied Brown made tracks for Canada : passing through New York —the Rev. Mr. Young, the minister of &congregation in that city, kindly agreed to accompany the persecuted man to Canada. Without the lois of a moment, they proceeded to Montreal and laid the case before Lord Elgin, claiming that protection which it is the glory of British law to give to the innocent. Proofs of the trial and acquittal, which, with other particulars had been published in pamphlet form, were laid before the Oovernor-General, who gave his unqualified assurance that the hunted man would not be surrendered to his persecutors. The appeal was not too soon. Next day the two blood-seekers presented them selves before the governor-general, demanding the surrender of Brown, and it is almeat unnecessary to say they met with a pointed refusal. And now this injured man, with his wife and seven children, who had also eacaped, are in Canada, safe from the hands of the man-stealer. Some ma gistrate, from ignorance of the facts, may possibly give him up on a charge of murder, although this is not likely. How ever, to prevent it, we have to request our contemporaries, as an act of justice and humanity, to hand round not e of warning. Let it never be said that there is a single magis trate in the length and breadth of British North America BO rt or so indifferent as to surrender a fellow-man into hi ra i n ads of the relentless slaveholder. bt Court. WINDSOR, MONDAY.—Vieeoent Mel - peat left the Oloode this Temenbig. The royal dinner party at the Castle Ude evade, h ezpeeted to include the Duchess of Kent, the Duerr el Giseeeeter, the Duke of Cambridge, the Cha ndler Banes, the Dukes of Sutherland, Prince Lowen stein, the Duke et Weithertaa, Lady Anna Maria D• 11001, Lady Caroling Manley, Baronies de Speth, Mks L. Dawson Dewar, Sir Geary Couper, and Major Stephen,. A Cabins' Council was hold at two o'clock yesterday war=at as Fetriss4asa. The Ministers present Jam Bung, the Lod Chancellor, the Marquis of Lansdowne, 81r George Grey, Viscount Palmerston, Berl Grey, the Memento of the ametquer, the Barl of Auck land, Sir John Hobhouae, the Bight Hon. H. Labouchere, Lorn Campbell, the Marquis of Clanricarde, Viscount ?dor peth, and the Right Hon. T. B. Macaulay. The Council sat two hours and a half. The Lord Chancellor has appointed Tuesday, the 2nd of Nor. at 11 o'clock, as the day on which he will re ceive the Lo rd Mayor elect, in order to signify her Majorty's approbation of his lordship. The Lord Chancellor will also, on the same day (the first of Michaelmas term), receive the judges, Queen's counsel, Ac. These receptions will take place at the Lord Chancellor's residence in Park-lane. Lord Langdale had an interview with Sir George Grey yesterday, at the Home-o ffi ce. Viaoount Morpeth returned to town yesterday from Windsor Castle. Despatches were sent off lest evening from the Colonial-office, for the governor-general of Canada and also for the governors of the other North American'pro vinore. The Baron and Baroness Langen, attached to the Prussian EmbeNy, arrived in London yesterday afternoon by the General Steam Navigation Company's mall steam. 'hip Caledonia, from Hamburg. PENSIONS TO DR. CHALMERS'S WIDOW AND Dkuourzna.—Her Majesty, " in consideration of the p iety , eloquence, and learning of the late Dr. Chalmers," ha; granted a pension of 601. a year to his widow, and 261. a year to each of his are daughters. The warrant is dated on the 11th iast, and the payments, " to 00carni,,,,,, f rom the let of July last," Sr. to be paid in trust to the Rev. Dr. William Hanna. NING, OCTOBER 19, 1847. THE REGISTRATIONS. Mcornmex. —The register for the following parishes and townships, farming the Breatford polling dis trict, wan revised yesterday, by Mr. Shadwell, at the Royal Hotel, Brentford : Acton, New Brantford, Ealing, Oreat Oreenford, Hanwell, Heaton, Isleworth, Northolt, and Twickenham. In the Acton list an objection of Mr. James's to the name of Francis Bedford was contended by Mr. Payne to be unten able, bemuse of the illegibility of the signature. Mr. James, jun., was read to swear to the signature being that of his father, Mr. W. H. James, whose attendance at the revision has been prevented duriag the last four or five days by serious flame, and urged that the Court of Common Pleas had decided that in a case where the objector bad signed his name Nicholas, he being on the register as Nickles', it was sufficient.—The Barrister: Do you intend, Mr. Janet, to pay those costs in the case of Mr. Hickes I—Mr. James . I do not appear today for Mr. Walker.—The Bar rister : But you did on Saturday, when I ordered the pay ment, and unless you obey the order of the court I cannot permit you to appear before me as an advocate in any case.— Mr. James : The question as to whether the court has the power to order a payment, in the way of a line, by the ob jector, instead of such costs as the party objected to may lave incurred, is considered of so much importance that I cannot undertake to pay.—The Barrister: But unless the money is paid, you know, the amount will be levied by dis tress—Mr. James : I am aware that the act points out the mode of recovery, and if that mode be resorted to, it will be for the parties to take such steps as may be necessary to raise the question of right—The Barrister : Do you intend, then, to take that course I—Mr. James : I am net instructed, to day, on the subject.—The Barrister held the objection in the case of Bedford to be good, and the name was expunged. In the Ealing list several objections made by Mr. James were opposed by Mr. Payne, on the ground that in the service to the overseers the requirements of the act had not been met. The service was by poet; but instead of each notice of objection being posted sepa rately, they had all been put into one envelope, and ad dressed to the overseer of the parish. The receipt before the 25th of August was admitted by the overseer, but Mr. Payne contended, that when notices of objection are served by post the 100th section of the act expressly provides that the objection shall be dcEeered to the postmaster, open, with • copy or duplicate, and the fee being paid, the post master shall examine the duplicate, and if • true copy of the original, shall stamp the duplicate, which alone shall be evidence of service before the barrister.—Mr. James, rn the other hand, held that the 7th section gave the power of serving the notice otherwise than by post, the words being shall give, or cause to be given,' and it was sufficient to prove such service by the admission of the overseer that he had received it, which he had done.—The Barrister decided that if service by poet were adopted, it must be in the way directed by the 100th section, and that such service could only be proved by the production of the stamped duplicate.— Mr. James applied for a case for appeal, which the Barrister declined, stating that the act provided no came of appeal shall be granted upon any point of fact, or as to the admis sion or rejection of any evidence upon a matter of fact • and the question whether the stamped duplicate was produ cedor not being one of fact, he must refuse the application. In each succeeding list the same point was raised and argued, but with the same result, all Mr. James's objections being thus thrown over. At the conclusion of the proceed ings, Mr. James formally applied for a case, which was re fused by the Barrister. In all the cases the stamped duplicate of objection ad dressed to the parties was produced. To-day the court site at the Sussex Arms, Hammersmith. se ond one against Copt. Dickenson, making together MK 55., of which 1601. only had been paid. Capt. R. Clark moved, and Commodore Sharp seconded, the adoption of the report, which was adopted accordingly, together with votes of thanks to the committee, and to the counsel who had conducted the defame. It was then moved that an extract from the short-hand writer's report of the proceedings in question, the principal point in which were the words of Mr. Baron Puke, who had said, " It is a perfectly clear case. The defenda nt has acted with perfect propriety ; and he would not have done his duty in the station which he held unites he had done so"—be added to the last year's report of the society. This proposal gave rise to some angry discus sion, but was in the end agreed to. The next businees was the voting of 2001. to further payment of the costa of the action, and the appointment of a com mittee to collect donations and subscriptions to wards its complete liquidation. A resolution was then carried (after the expression of a great number of 'd ecree opinions) to the effect, that in the event of the re-mar. triage of the widow of a naval officer, or the marriage of an orphan with a civilian, they would forfeit all claim to relief from the society. An amendment was proposed, making the forfeiture contingent upon the life of the husband, but the proposal fell to the ground. Another discussion, and a somewhat warm one, ensued, with reference to the course to be pursued by the society towards Sir Edward Codrington and Lord Cadogan, who had retired in consequence of the measures which had been taken against Mini Hoare; indeed, it was stated that their example had been followed by . a large number of the most distin guished o ffi cers belonging to the society.—Sir J. Rom pro posed a motion to the effect that as the law expenses had virtually fallen upon the society, in consequence of the part which his lordship and Sir Edward Codring ton had taken in the matter, that it was right for them to come forward and use their influence to procure the means of meeting them. Several gentlemen considered a milder course on the part of the society to be lreferable, advising that Sir Edward Codrington and his ordship should be simply invited to rejoin. The disagreement upon this question, as upon every other which war startedduring the meeting being very great, it was ultimately referred to a committee. The election of Sir Wm. Burnett, and Mr. J. Meek, ea vice-president, concluded the public proceedings. The meeting then proceeded to consider the claims of 64 applicants for relief, among whom there was • balance of about 3001, to divide. THE BISHOPRIC OF MANCHESTER.—Our corre spondent at Birmingham writes:" The Rev. James Prince Lee, head master of the grammar school of King Edward the Sixth in this town, has received the appointment to the new bishopric of Manchester. The rev. gentleman, who was formerly second master of Rugby school, under Dr. Arnold, has the highest reputation as a classical scholar, and during the time he has held his appointment here he has rendered himself extremely useful by his unremitting zeal to extend the advantages of the great institution over which he pre sided, and by his laborious efforts to promote in every possible way the education of the people. His for here will be deeply klt." PUBLIC GYMN ASIUM IN THE REGENT'S-PARK.— The Commissioners of Woods and Forests have erected a gymnasium or the ground at the foot of Primrose-hill, which will be open to the use of the public under certain regula dons THE BEoGisa-Box.—Sta,—When, daring the re cent famine in Ireland, a collection was made for the suf ferers, in the parish of Greenwich, the sum of 7001. was collected. Yesterday (Sunday) a second contribution was asked from the pulpit, but the two churches only mustered 751.—little more than a twentieth of what was given before ! The people of this town do not scruple to say that if the Irish will not work, they must want. The rates here are very heavy, and it is time that the Irish landlords should provide for their own poor, instead of taxing again and again the generosity of the English public.—Yours, &c., A DONOR LAST TINA BUT NOT THlS.—Greenwich, Oct. 18. NEW ZEALAND COMPANT.—Sir,—Your, reporter has inadvertently misrepresented one of the observations made by me to the chairman of the New Zealand Land Com pany, at their meeting of Friday last, inserted in your jour. nal of Saturday, which you will be pleased to contradict, as it is entirely opposed to the opinions I entertain and advocate. I am represented , as having objected to, and recommended the directors NOT to make any concessions to the settlers at Nelson, dm." Whereas I stoutly maintained" that if it did not too much interfere with other arrangements of th e com pany, the directors would act wisely in yielding to the request made by the Nelson colonists in New Zealand, as no ticed in the letters addressed to them (by Mr. John Ward, a settler, from that colony, now in England), with great feeling and propriety. My interests were in the other settlements ; notwithstanding, I considered a happy and contented class of landowners were to be preferred to any pecuniary anquisi lion the company would derive from maintaining an adverse policy.—W. H. BORNAND, Boyle-street, Oct. 16." FORTIFICATIONS OF THE SOUTHERN COAST.—It is reported that, in consequence of a determination of government to put the whole line of the southern coast into a more efficient state of defence, there are to be several powerful batteries erected along that stretch of land com mencing at the Castle port at Dartmouth, at the harbour's mouth, to the Start Point; and that the men now on the Coast guard duty will be regularly trained and augmented in number, so as to constitute a disciplined body for the im mediate duty, if required to work the newly formed bat teries.— West Briton. THE BATTALION OF ST. PATRICK.—In the recent battles in Menlo., the American army suffered severely from a company of about 200 Irishmen, who fought with great bravery, and those who escaped being killed were taken prisoners. A New York paper says that they were deserter, from the American army. The flag of this company had upon one aide the arms of McKie*, while on the other Erin go Bragh with its attendant harp. They will, no doubt, be treated as traitors, although strong efforts were being made to save them. All the Mexican ladies in the town had signed a petition in their favour, which has been sent to Gen. Scott. SEIZURE OF SMUOGLED TOBACCO.—On Friday, Lewis and Taylor, custom-house officers, observed a boat lt r ilongaide the Rapid,o the c aca ttle-v ro. just arri ved fromitzd m oored b Te parties in the boat appeared to be , in the act of receiving packages banded to them through the port-boles of that vessel. They boarded the vessel, and found six of the seamen, named J.l Hewitt, P. Johnson, W. Neal, IL Davis, W. George, and J. Wood, handing packages to each other, and from thence to the men in the boat, which, upon examination, turned out to be foreign manufactured tisbacco. A close search war made of the vessel, and under the flooring of the main hold a fur ther stock of tobacco was discovered peeked up in canvass bar, ready to be run on shore on the first opportunity In default of the payment of 1001., the men have been l odg ed . in prison, and the tobacco was conveyed to the custo m-house warehouses. Another seizure was made on Saturday morning, on board the Emile vessel, from Dant sic, lying in the Surrey Canal dock. About 1 o'clock in the morning the captain of the vessel communicated to the custom-house officer on board, Mr. W. It Ryan, that he had a suspicion that all was not right below, upon 'which the officer quietly proceeded to the hold of die ship, which is timber-laden, and by a faint light received through one of the port-holes, he thought he perceived the figure ota man, and on going towards the place was soon convinced of the fact by hearing some one making a hasty retreat. The officer followed, but in doing so in the dark stumbled over something which threw him down, and the man in whom he was in pursuit contrived to make his escape. On ob taining a light he found that the obstruction that caused his fall was nothing less than a sackfull of leaf tobacco of a very superior quality, and weighing upwards of 2001bs. He then made a minute search, and under the timber he discovered three other sacks of a similar weight, all of which 11141 in tended to be " run, " Si a boat was in readiness to receive it. The officer then took possession of his unexpected cap tore, and it is now deposited in the custom-house ware houses. THE SANITARY STATE OF ST. GEORGE THE-MARTYR, SOUTHWARK. Yesterday at the meeting of the board of guardians, the further conaideration of the state of Three - Tun-court, Whiteatreet, Borough, came on fur discussion; Mr. Edward Collinson in the chair. Mr. MARTIN said, at their last meeting he had stated that he had seen the freeholder of the proptrty, who wanted to raise 6001. upon it, and if he could do that he would at once carry out the wishes of the board of guardians, in improving the unitary condition of the property. He (Mr. Martin) had thought that he ehould have been able to obtain the money from a society of which he was the treasurer, but he regretted to have to inform the board that the society had refused to advance the money required. He had made this communication to the freeholder, and informed him that the board had already come to the determination to shut up the court, but had postponed doing so to afford him an opportunity of obtaining the money. He had now to communicate to the board that the owner was willing that they should close the court up. Mr. ReguLa, one of the medical officers, who happened to be present, said he and hie colleagues intended to call the attention of the board to the state of the place ; for If it was allowed to tontines during the winter, the fi lthy condition, coupled with the want of food, firing, and cleanliness, would produce fever of a most malignant description, which it would be impossible to eradicate. The CHAIRMAN said the subject had been under the con sideration of the board ever since the medical gentlemen had made their first report ; but legal difficulties had existed, which new were obviated. .. Mr. CRAFTER thought that all difficulties were now got over, as the owners had given their consent, and they had ORM given the inmates a short notice to quit, which, if they did not comply with, then turn them out. Directly the houses were empty, then send some men to clear away the filth, and immediately afterwards board them up. To this arrangement the board acceded, with the understanding that immediate steps be taken to carry out and enforce the powers vested in them by the 9 and 10 of Vic., an act pared empowering parish o ffi cers, &c., to shut up pi eces that had a tendency to create epidemic diseases- The board then proceeded to take into consideration a memorial from the medical officers of the parish for an increase in the salaries paid to them for their attendance on the sick poor in the parish. When the poor-law was first established in the parish, two medical officers were appointed, at a salary of 90!. per annum, besides some extras, which number were afterwards increased to four, when the board of guardians reduced the salaries to 501., much against the wishes of the poor-law commissioners; the board, however, contending that the fees paid on midwifery cases and vaccine lion made up the difference, the latter being since done gratis by an order of the poor-law commissioners, and midwifery cases being very uncertain, caused the incomes of the medi cal officers not to average 801. a year; and unless this sum was increased, it would cause them to resign. In further rapport of the application it was shown that the medical officers of the surrounding parishes were remunerated at a much higher rate, although they bad far lees cases to attend. Upon the several letters being read, Mr. FITCH, clerk to the guardians, said he had received a letter from the Poor-law Commissioners, informing the board of guardians that after the expiration of the present poor law year, ending March 25, it was the intention of the government, in pursuance of an act passed during the late session of parliament, to pay a portion of the salaries of the medical officers and schoossters of some of the unions, and that St. George's was to be one of them. The CHAIRMAN said he was very happy to hear it, for they wanted something done to relieve the ratepayers. As they were going to take the question of the increase of the medical officers' salary into consideration, he thought they ought to ascertain if there had been any increase in their duties, and bethought it would be desirable for Mr. Fitch to inform the board what were the number of cases attended on from 1845 to 1847 ? . . iir:Krcitstiidthat from Much 1844 to March 1845, Mr. Hooper had attended 976 cases; for 1846, 1,028 ; and for 1847, 1,327. Mr. Randle during the same periods : for 184,5, 1,105; 1846, 1,312; and for 1847, 1,921 ; and Mr. Babbage, for 1845, 1,189 ; 1846, 1,210; and for 1847, 1,894. Each .year it would thus be seen bad progressively increased. The medical gentlemen were then called in, and in reply said the cases which they now attended average them about 81d. each, and this included medicine to each patient, num. ben of whom were for weeks under their hands. After along discussion, in which it was admitted that they (the officers) were the worst paid servants of the pariah, it was agreed to increase their respective salaries 201. a year, i subected to the approbation of the poor.law commissioners. —The board then broke up. MURDEROUS ASSAULT AND ROBBERY AT WEST s INSTER.—A few days ago two well known thieves, named George M'Key and Thomas Doyle, were remanded at the Westminster police-court on a charge of baying brutally as saulted a gentleman named Bellchambers, residing in Pim lico, in Orchard-street, Westminster, on the night of the 10th inst., and robbing him of his watch and other property. Mr. Bellchansbers has since died of the injuries he received. It fa expected that a coroner's in uest will be held to-day, THE FOOTWAY THROUGH HOLLAND PARR, KEN- and 'mantis, the police have drealated • description of two EINOTON.—A public meeting of the West London Central suppose' accomplices in the crime. Anti-Inclosnre Association, was held at Clark's rooms, Edg- INQUESTS, YESTERDAY. SUSPICIOUS DEATH ware-road, last evening, pursuant to an advertisement, for rum Poisoutteo.—By adjournment, before Mr. W. Baker, the purpose . of taking measures to prevent Lord Holland a t the Cape of Good Elope public-house in the Commercial from depriving the public of the footpath in front of Hot- ro ad East, relative to the death of Mrs. Louisa Brown, aged land-house, Kensington. There were about 20 persons pre. 37, who died on Tuesday last. The deceased had been sent. Mr. P. Anson took the chair, and said be thought pregnant, sad was in the enjoyment of very good health. that the proposed change of the footpath, instead of being She had been residing with her husband, who formerly an injury would be a very great benefit to the public, and he practised as a surgeon, but had latterly been following the hoped Mr. Griffiths, the secretary., who had convened the occupation of an accountant, in Walworth. She left that meeting, would not take any . further steps in the matter. place a few weeks since, and went to reside in Lime- Lord Holland's proposed diversion of the footboth would be house. On Monday, the I 1 th instant, the deceased • great benefit to the public—Mr. Griffiths said that the b ecame ver y ill, and Mr. Cummins, • surgeon, was magistrates, at quarter minions , had refused their sanction to ogled i n , Th e deceased informed him that her hut- Lord Holland's application, sad his lordship had since pro- band had given her two .pills, and complained of posed aless objections/dm:owes; but it appeared that the board pains in her stomach. Her illness brought on premature of surveyors were urging Lord Holland not to make such labour, and she was delivered of a still born child. She ecmoodon. Mr. O. then reed a letter from Mr. Hume, M.P., w ally sunk and expired on the following morning. regretting he could not be present , but sympathising with the ummins said he had made a post motors 'lamina objects of the meeting. The speaker concluded by proposing : Lion of the body, and discovered the stomach highly in that a committee should be appointed to take such steps as timid sa d s i ssia ssd. The inquiry wa s afterwards ad might be necessary for opposing any deviation from the journal !or the pompom of having the contents of the stomach existing foo t path. The resolution having been seconded, teeted,und what the jury re-usembledyesterday Dr.Leathby, Mr. fitalwod moved an amendment to the effect that the peolaner of ettemisWy at the London Hospital, was sworn r path offered u a diversion of the footway by Lord end mod. U. stated that he bad carefully examined & es t, was far superior, and infinitely more 'popular, than the sonamis ad illmovered traces of poison, but he wished the existing one.—Mr. Marsh said Mr. Joseph Hume had to have terthm dam for the purpose of examining another certainly been wrongly informed, for it man be evident to portion of the stomach. At present he was unable to state the every inhabitant of the locality, that the proposed new foot- cameo( death. The inquiry was adjourned until to-morrow. path would be • great boon to the neighbourbood.—Several —STRAW BONNET MAXlNG.—Before Mr. Carter, at the other persons expressed • similar opinion. —A show of hands Feathers Tavern, Walworth, as to the death or Ann Gal was then taken, and the amendment carried by a large l ag her, aged 65. Th e unfortunate deceased wee in a mast majority, only three bands being held up against it —Thanks extreme state of destitution.—Mrs. Young, of 10, Bohm were then toted to the chairmen , and the meeting &elm - street, stated that the deceased lived in her house, when she rated. had a single room. She was a straw bonnet maker.--Coronar: ROYAL NAVAL BENEVOLENT SOCIETY.—The usual And what could she earn at that I—Witness: Sixpence • day quarterly court was held yesterday, Vice-Admiral Sir Charles in full work, but she could not work lately.—The Coroner : Malcolm presiding. The minute' of the last meeting having Was that all she had to live on t—Witness I believe she been warmed, a letter was read from Lord Radstock, the had 2s. dd. a week from the parish, and she paid president, regretting the expenses which the society had me Is. 6d., when I now know she went without be& incurred in - defending the action recently brought by self. l did not then. The witness went ea ft Mies Hoare, and enclosing a donation (we believe, state that she often gave her tea and other 614 toward' their liquidation. Some conversation but she would never let her go into the room. On Si= ensued upon the subject of Mies Hoare's action, she sent for some laudanum, and took a portion of it ; dee and • notice of motion was given by Capt. Sherwin, to the said it would assuage her pain. On Wednesday she wee effect that all conferences among the mention with regard found dead in bed.—The Coroner : Do on think that ale to applicants should be strictly confidential. The report of took the laudanum for the purpose of destroying lige ? the committee appointed to watch the progress of the action Witness mid she thought she had been in such a - gills ei was then read, announcing the satisfactory result to the want, and as she herself maid her stomach was society, the plaintiff having been nonsuited, The los to the front want of food, that the laudanum had had a At= moiety, however washeavy, amounting to 4891.12 a. 6d. for the on bor. On the Wednesday when she saw her she time& first action aga inst the secretary, and to 3281.185. 6d, for the deceased was stupefied from the effects of laudanum.—Thu Coroner : Do you think her death was naturalone ? Witness : I think she was so much In want that her stomach would not bear laudanum.—g, Jura?: Was what you have stated all she had to line 011 ?—. Witness: Yes ; she had no friends.—Coroner Was no su. goon sent for?—The witness explained that the expeetag surgeon to attend one of her children, and she did n o t send for one, but the gentleman did not call that night.—Coroner: Did you give no notice to the parish ?—Witness . We did all we could.—Coroner (to Mr. Brooks, the constable) not your surgeon bound to attend is a case of this sort ? Mr. Brooks said he was not unless an order had been obtained, but he would in a cue of emergency. --A Juror: The last jury I was on he would not, and the wOlll4ll was dying.—The Foreman and one or two of the jury said they had no doubt the laudanum had accelerated her death, from extreme weakness arising from want, but ultimately a verdict of " Natural death " was returned. INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE OF THE PRIN CIPAL COUNTRIES OF EUROPE AND THEIR DEPENDENCIES. LETTER m. The present tariff imposes on grain the following fixed duties, which our readers may substitute for th e rata given in th e official tariffs published be the Board of T ra d e. The edict is dated May 30, 1847. The duty is leri s d pm last of 4,000 lbs., or 2,000 kilog. Doty. 1 ' IT W i lt% a ilZ lou j r:l 4 . Duck. Sped. I. Blank I Ri, Import 11 1 SA. 4 1 Eggert Tame L SO 011. 0 the s A th e dnt duty h t u m Hosedietb; inconvenience taken i g so uant equ ivalentorw if it b.nil ica confirmed rt h le. .: er "1 of s t w p: h tha n e atb ni an lie' n n6d o tarY y . an Pe ce rvel o tuart f e 'cwitom-house inspection than in its amount The great change made by this edict consists in the modi fication of the transit doer, which pressed heavily on the German agriculturist, and for the removal of which he is indebted to the establishment of the Rhenish-Belgian Rail way. The transit duty on butter (laid by the old tariff was HI 50c., or 2s. 6d. per 100Ibs. It is now 10c., or 2d., for the some weight. Black cattle, that formerly paid a duty of Bfl., or 13s. 4d., per head, are try the same edict to pay but 01., or 10d , per head; calves but 2d., sheep 2d., and pigs Id. The duties are now the same for import, export, and transit. Corn can be bonded under this edict, and, on proper security being given, can be taken out to grind without us curving the grinding tax, to which flour for inland consump ti in is subjected. A similar instinctive feeling (if we should not rather call it judgment) has prevented their speculating oa minder, tures, as some of their neighbours have done, prematurely. On the separation of Belgium, indeed, there was some desire to establish factories, to take the place of those of Ghent and Liege, and joint-stock companies were established to get up cotton and iron works; in all of which the late King took a direct interest. They mostly failed from the reasons that had prevented the Belgians from getting anything by the East India trade; and the attempt to establish them evinces a curious ignorance of the real position of the Dutch lolonial trade, which goes far in excelling the numerous blunder that lost the King one half of his kingdom. We shall is the next letter explain this enigma. But the colonial trade, such as it is, supplies sufficient means to support some natural branches of manufacture. Amongst these the refining of sugar is prominent. Amsterdam alone is said to have 70 refineries within its walls. Rotterdam has 14, Dor. drecht 12, and Utrecht 2. This distribution is founded an the regulation that has made the three first-named cities staples for the colonial produce imported from the east by the great company of the ^ Mnanchappy." Working up tobacco of native and foreign growth is said to employ 25,000 hands. The distilleries we have already alluded to. ' They y ield 121 millions of gallons annually. A branch of trade n still preserved in a flourishing state that was for merly very celebrated in Holland—paper-making. Not withstanding the keen rivalry of England, the Dutch paper has its market in central Europe, which keeps up 136 mills, mostly driven by wind. In the neighbourhood of Saardain alone 30 are located. But of the most curious internal occu• potion we have unfortunately no statistical account—their canal shipping. What proportion of the population actually lives upon the water, the state of health, the mortality, and other phenomena of this amphibious occupation, see a sealed book even for themselves, as curiosity has only lately bees awakened to such details. But no occupation has thriven of late years more than ship-building and the merchant navy. This was a necessary consequence of the great increase that took place in the East India trade. The whole commercial navy of Holland counted in 1839, coasters and foreign traders, 1517 vesicle. In 1843, the foreign traders were 379, with 214,294 tons; coasters, 816, with 60,800 tons. In 1847, the Dutch porn owned 569 ships for foreign trade, measuring 213,564 ton; avenging nearly 3.50 tone each. The large vessels in the Eat India trade are some of the finest and best manned that sail from Europe ; they are about 2.50 in number, measuring from 500 to 1,000 tons; they usually carry guns to scare away the pirates. It is a rare occurrence when any of them meets with an accident at sea. . . Of factories worked by steam, we may notice a flax. spinning mill at Groningen, and cotton mills at Leyden, Haarlem and Arnheim. English yam and twist is mostly imported, and advantage taken of the cheapness of head labour in many parts to weave cloths. Diamond cutting is a trade which we believe is a mono poly (through skill) in some Jewish families.—As a cm sequence of this policy the Dutch tariff for European wane is one of the most liberal. Cotton goods of all kinds pay bat 4 per cent. ; iron, half manufactured, 2 per ant.; realm factored, 6 per cent.; lace, linen, and linen yarns, 6 pa amt. The duties intended as protective are, however, high. Silk goods pay 6s. Bd. per lb. ; thrown silk, 20 per cent.; woollens from 101. to 151. per cwt. The policy of Holland in the olden time was to foster na tional manufactures. But in the last century the country found itself obliged to choose between manufactures and trade ; and a memoir was drawn up by one of the stadtholdas in 1751, recommending free trade in strong terms. n• States-general, however, pressed with a load of t would not agree to the proposal. The present j p= Holland, although taxation is so heavy as we have described, is favourable to trade. The revenue is raised by the land tax, and there are personal and other taxes which throw the weight rather on the rich proprietors and capitalists, and ehlit form a kind of property tax, than on the productive some* of wealth which trade presents. We say a kind of property tax, because the taxes on land and houses, when trade r free, are thrown on the landlords. When t rade is not free, they raise the price of produce, but are borne by the culti vator. Hence the change made this year in the Dutch tariff is a virtual shifting of taxation from the shoulders of the poor to the rich, But these will eventually not be losers. It is reasonable to expect that all kinds of industry, under the relief experienced by cheapening food, will speedily and rapidly prosper. The demand for building ground for houses, warehouses, docks, and even factories, will receive a proportionate impulse, and rents will infallibly rise, if the present wise system of customs duties be con tinued. We shall, in our meet letter, give some idea of the im mense resources at the command of the Dutch in Asia. Here we conclude with • glance at some impediments to the growth of wealth, which we fancy we can still perceive in Europe. The first impediment is an omission to which we only vet ture to allude generally. There is a want of banks of dis count, and paper money is not in use is Holland in the sew in which we understand it. But in another sense it h em ployed with great judgment and skill, and upon this me d it the power is based which the Dutch have exercised ef founding large joint-stock companies. The amount of sash share is of a moderate size, and each thus serves es a dept on emergencies bearing interest. Remittances are else mede for large amounts in shares : not only Dutch, bet ether tinental shares that have acquired standing fa 011111121/ market of Amsterdam, are used in the mass wawa t. whet extent these shares may be used as eemitteseesteln and forward by foreign houses in England cannot bs because our money market is framed upon totally diagent principles. The English plan of leaving such investassalsta their proper shape of fixed instead of circulating prepay is preferable for many . reamer; but it supposes the lisaikaity et raising advances in the shape of notes, whisk deer late in lieu of the shame and debentures they regreesh • In Holland, as in ether continental states, the geeernment b inclined to d esta je beak of hue bemuse thek ahem favours the nee et ma isbeettase end Isaliove Dal u such. Ws fe se belt a system headed ea a rots ml' mate of the operelka er banks of hew, when. w.II wenigni. The large Data& bonne di courage basks of hese, she, es unfavourable for their ewe preponderance in the eemesereiel world, which they dembseer. But the trading world at large, and the national interest., suffer from the want of such banks. The second point that deserves attention from the Dutch is the fondness displayed by the government for harassing foreign vessels in the navigation of the outlets of the Rhine. Their imports ox the channels below (lorcum, which they mama to be inlets of the sea, and not mouths of the river, serve en excuse to the inland states to keep up a system of tolls on the Rhine which amount to a serious freight. The deem levied on goods between Oorcum and Strasburg are, by tha tariff of 184.5, on the cwt., 2fr. 68c., or nearly 21. 10s. per tan, being in many cases equal to the freight from Calcutta or Batavia. The Dutch receive 28 cents, or one-ninth of this plunder. Their own charge, 131 cents. per cwt. sip to 9 cents. down the stream, is apparently not heavy, but is made so by pilot, Ttghthouae, and harbour dues, that are only levied to half their amount on Dutch vessels. There must have been some meaning in the clause of the treaty of Vienna which stipulates that the great rivers erring as inlets to the continental states should be free. We 604 this essential stipulation every where disregarded. We have certainly to thank our connexion with Hanover for not being able to throw the weight of British influence into the male, whim, at miens times, opposition was raised to the evil. It wee to allow the Islay of Hanover to raise the &ads dunce is the lithe that we connived at the Dutch control over the Mime awl Schelde, and at the continuation of the &madder. Thareare good reasons for thinking that Holland, which has owhaded a treaty with France allowing a di eel trade in ookeilal wares with Strasburg, would be a plea by relaxing her pip of the mouth of the Rhine, mad thee *1 German stales to abolish their tells t as thew sefim ugh& the desslate condition of tWit ire dew, whine the hoe& that neo it _are hw end fir Mem& The an names tw he eall lame It meek Mks the &hest& tell. le aim Sawa sad Belgium to Impose allireghl hides la he diming ge all other states. For rediptiti trash, WI Owe eaminies only not to levy more Imes gm their neighbetne they do on their own shag*. jj ben they do not bled these states not to make a present el dm oohs so levied to their own shit*, win*, et ones is Ile mar _ A similar enblerhge to 4iase r lhang gang ow port didactic ten pea sent la Mini en :turd ch.; 3d 4t 3L A. 30 eh. 0 A.3oeb. 013.30 th . OLIO& I