The Express. — London, England, 1847-11-18 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENENG, NOVEMBSR 18, 1847. Boar, salted previrdons, geoemies, slteireeigitt by steam and mil vessels to St. Andrew - e, and he hen **interim heavy and bulky articles to bs alms& es *dor, deals, plaster, he." It is with reference tie the enstinont require meat' of each a description of testis that the engineer pro poses to seeks preparation in the first place. As there would be oadleabledly regular steam baste running in connexion with the selheed, the importance of connecting with nevi. gable water is obvious, and it is accordingly suggested to , have the deeds on tidal water, with convenient wharh for vessels so that the railroad cars may be brought alongside of 1 the shipping, and heavy freight be discharged without in termediate transport. Two sites for such a terminal dep6t pre described, and the report enters into a comparative esti mate of five different routes to these points, two of these terminating at the north side and the other three at the south side of the town. As the maximum gradient between St. Andrew's and Woodstock, 80 miles, is 38 feet per mile (or 1 in 140), one of the former routes nd two of the latter are thrown out of the comparison, on the ground that their adoption would involve gradients of 50 feet per mile (or 1 in 105), besides some very heavy cuttings. The choice, there fore, remained only between the lies originally surveyed in 1837, by the government, by the Charneook Lakes to the Lighthouse on the north side of the town ; and the other by the Waweig river to a block-house on the north. The latterroute would requite heavy wailiag along the river St. Croix, close to the United States boundary, and the final determination, therefore, is made in favour of the original government line. Close to the town a cutting of 15 to 20 feet will be necessary, for a very short distance, through a rocky stratum, which will be available for the construction of the wharfs. To the lakes no expensive works are requisite. Along the margin of the lakes there are no very heavy cuttings at any point, but a considerable aggregate of excavation ,• the estimate for the whole distance, however, we believe does not exceed 1,2001. per mile for engineering, wooden rails and all. The most expensive structure will be a bridge of 40 feet in height ; and beyond the lakes the levels are very easy. The total length will be 12 miles 64 chains, and the steepest gradient lin 150. "The work begins," says *local chronicler, "and will be prosecuted with energy. St. Andrew's has yet brighter prospects before her, with the sheering view of rail road trains on the land, and fleets of ships in her noble bay. So mote it be." We trust the sanguine hopes of the solo nista may not he disappointed, for the prosperity of British North America is now contingent upon the railway inter connexion of the three provinces, of which we have here certainly the first link. INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE OF THE PRIN CIPAL COUNTRIES OF EUROPE AND THEIR DEPENDENCIES. LEITKR VI. . . The recent history of Belgium isthe best comment on the remarks on the Dutch colonial policy that have been proffered in the preceding letters. At the period of the foundation of the' Mal , rchappy " in Holland, the Dutch King sought to engage Belgian capital in the adventure ; but the stipu lation that the produce of Java was to be sold at periodical auctions, to be held at Amsterdam, Rotterdam, and Middle. burg, was of course discouraging. There was, however, so little perspicacity displayed by any party as to the real nature of the field open for the new East India Company, that it surprised both Belgians and Dutch to find that the exports from Java could ri.e to 1,179,1991. value in 1829, while the im ports into that island from Europe did not exceed 767,11501_ of which but 320,0001. were cotton and woollen wares, with Ne therlands certificates of origin. The discrepancy between export and import to and from the colonies, and which, in the last letter, is explained as arising from the rent collected in produce, would be more striking than it appears from the figures given above, if the valuation of the produce were made at the prices current in Europe. It would then appear that Holland drew from Java at least five times the value that could be exported in Belgian manufactures. To this had to he added the consideration that, owing to the choice of exclusive Dutch ports for unloading the East India vessels, goo ds from Belgium were saddled with car riage, commission, and charges before they became exportable, that equalled the differential duty im posed on Englsh and other foreign wares, and the Belgians thus had no advantage in competing with strangers. The difference which the rent made in the balance of trade does not seem to have been allowed for by any party. In fine, the dinantent at their position lad the Belgians to think that they Amid do better if they were independent, and took chance with the other countries of Europe for a share in this trade. They deemed it could not turn out to boles; than it was under the circumstances that seemed to favour them before their rivals in England and Germany, but which held out a delusive prospect of advantage. The speculation was not a bad one. A large portion of the cottons now exported from Holland to Java, and all the cloths and kerseymeres, are of Belgian manufacture. Bel gium Imports a large portion of its colonial produce from the Dutch harbours, as it used to do, and by favouring the cargoes of its own vessels neutralises the increased chugs on its exports, which is the result of sending them to Holland. The exports from Belgium to Holland, in 1846, were valued at 43,816,378 francs. Of these there were ma nufactured goods to the value of 32,531,662 francs, or nearly one million three hundred thousand pounds sterling. The imports from Holland in that year reached 42,420,623 francs, of which only between fourteen millions and fifteen mil lions of francs was specified in colonial produce. The change which the increased production of the Indian Archipelago is bringing about at 'Batavia, by inducing the (Dutch) government to allow the shipping houses at that capital to participate in the export trade, will be much in Amour of Belgium. When the Belgians can draw their dare of the exports from that island direct from Java their manufactures will arrive there on the most favourable terms, and they will stand better than they would in too in timate an alliance with Holland. Much misery has been occasioned in Belgium by too great speculation on the profits thatwere expected to result from a fret East India trade, and the consequent impulse to found manufacturing and trading companies. The rock upon which the mat of these split was that invisible operation of the Java rent, to which had to be added the wild credit given by English manufacturers in North American markets, and the general demorali sation of South America, which for a time forced up prices, but eventually occasioned great losses. Metallurgy of late years has been a profitable occupation In Belgium, notwithstanding the war which Prussia carries on through the Zollverein tariff against the furnaces of Liege and Namur. The Belgian workshops have their full share of orders for locomotives and other machinery for continental markets. The total export of machinery front Belgium in 1845 amounted to the value of five millions four hundred and fifty eight thousand francs (200,0001.), of which nearly five millions were of Belgian manufacture; arms, nails, anchors, and cutlery exported, valued at 7,351,398 fr. al Belgian manufacture, or 280,0001., while the importa tions of these objects for home use were almost null. The home trade is protected by duties of 51. to 81. per ton. But this protection is, of course, against the country as an ex pardng one. It leads to a caious roundabout trade, which it is interesting to study. The trade lists of Belgium show singularly unfavourable balances in the dealings of that country with American, and even with some Asiatic ports. Thus in 1845 we find : FINNS. Difference. Dna Importe 16,940,n00 Francs. Export. 2,730,000 14,160,900 Rio de la Plata Imports 13,763,000 Exports 210,000 --- 13,570,000 rotted States lmports 28,083,629 Exports 6,394,033 20,690,496 Philippines Exports Imports I,NZ,Igi 1,048,414 Cuba lmports 8,061,000 Exports 820,000 7,241,000 HMS lmports 3,057,975 Experts 54,083 3,303,892 60,014,042 On the other hand: 6CerMnii - --- • Inmate Kioe,ooo Exports 97,800,000 51.600,000 The trade with Germany thus haleness the traffic with the Eut and West indite, which is Nudely carried on upon British account. The English manufacturer supplies those countries so cheaply, that he can afford to monopolise them, and seeds the returns which us not of a nature to suit the English market to Antwerp, which 11. this means is recover. lag to place amongst the trading trues of Europe. Great portion of these colonial wares goes to Germany, a few to Promos, the rest are scattered about fofa market But it is clear that not only the land transport, but the railways are berated by this traffic. The old skippers and dealers Of Antwerp hare also their share, and as this Wien is managed with foreign capital it has read it possible to lay out to much at home rMr railway inuatmenta amount to. Antwerp is by Ws arrangement made a leading station where the genie of all countries are to be had at the cheapest rates, audits business must prosper enormously if nothing bedoas to prevent its recess. The working of this indirect trade was ably pointed out at the recent tearer of political sorender, at Brussels, by Mr. J. M'Adam, jun., secretary to tbe Society for the encouragement of the growth of flax la The lake to acquire a mercantile navy in all haste has tends the Belgians themselves throw difficulties in the way of this mane. The differential duties imposed on wens hoperessi under a foreign flag are all but suffi cient le destroy it. Now, it is char that if, instead of dlsee~lfyt this indirect trade, they encouraged it sa atwh es poenble, and by making a treaty with England obtained the most favourable footing for their vessels in English ports, it would in time grow so large as to give int to Belgian vessels as well as others, and would aria many artieles of their manufacture. For a =tot overburthened with capital to object to trade capitals of other osentrimehows no great mercantile skill; but we must not flog* that laws are nowhere made by merchants, awl Isentof all in Belgium. t o r. hircibly_itelpial sat the hopeless contest whist Y eueryloir es is Pius between the hand labourof the to modithroey of E ngland. In 1845, the ex pert at Bto linen France , which was 33,000,000 francs ha MK declined to 20,000,000 francs in 1845, or about to pe r . , S again, the use of English capital, which would Yam a price for the flax grown, and a market well melba asap yarn for foreigners to purchase in, me aeliimai, while the internal consumption is heavily I taxed. aril the people at Flanders are not yet relieved, as the imioascod is the speech with which he opened the . . . . The dada bnposed in Belgium on the textile fabrics do the mennlbetaring interests of that country the greatest Dy the treaty with Francs, the duties on French linen rum are not much mere than half the duties levied on l But the French, who cannot spin as cheaply l eat h I=l, derive little or no benefit from this conces sion. It is dear, from the lug. quantities that pass Bel gium Is transit, how advantageous the importation of this halfsaasubstured article is to those who draw it. The transit of yarn is equivalent to a:Eluding an egad quantity of Belgian plow goods trout the !market to which the yarn . We astraot a few figures to show that the transit o de still remains in Eostisit Lads, notwithstanding the difference in the duty and its graduation to the fineness of the yarn. Lee pee. LINEN TARN IN ICILOORAJOIES. TAM IMPOITID. 1645. Ditty per 100 Duty per 100 Duty pee 100 Ditty par 100 Kilegfesumn 1211ogrannocs. Ellessammes. KU047•00004. from On Coun 1 11. tdo ted I la ; _ Ou nb f. On f. On f. Prod 49 PM& 1 11 5 ) French IT3 ret ßagl art 1.06 'AV 21110 a l i.V 1004. i rfa E117:7 1 a I ra K 1304. -- L--- Pnwas . TST 14 1 6.074 63 10 10 HO .. Nostrod 287,139 6 123.133 TAO SAM .. 3,164 Tram* 19 19 161 6 non. .. 27 27 " points and crossings." Here you, mast rely on the daily attention of a number of working-men ; and any single instance of neglect may cause a serious acci dent. Regulations, however strict, will not always suffice to ensure perfect order; the object of all wise arrangement, therefore, must be to render the occa sions in which neglect may injuriously occur as few as possible—to make a part of the system on which so much depends, in short, as clear and simple as may be. The plan of introducing a third line has just the, contrary tendency ; and whatever mechanical address may be applied to it, the effect must be to render the system of lines more complex, to make greater atten tion continually necessary at a greater number of points, and thereby to increase the chances of disorder. This is the cardinal objection to the expedient, as far as the public are concerned; and for this reason, were there no other, it cannot be admitted as a bar to the more complete adjustment of the question of different gauges, which will have to be disposed of in n thorough-going manner, if it be undertaken at all. ITALY.—THE MODERN JESUIT.—(F rom Le Car respondant.)—At the head of an article " n the Jesuits in Wily," the Corresporsdaist, in the last number, quotes the following letter, addressed by Father Roothan, the General of the Society, to the editor of the Courrier Franca4, on the work of Vincenzio Oioberti, entitled " The Modern Jesuit" : - - Baas, Sept 14, Vitt —Sit—Your Journal of the 2nd of August swim r ameNorweetw kilter, In whisk perpet I red thely following pm. ape a, twat pi ng le plotting ewe fpm mkt powerful la Piedmont". .... Is eaten that the Anstro- Node party is employing all its Whets le Whet the fall of Car load rd." Notwithandlin the repteiwan I feel to weepy the pabile ash awlsints agalna an obstinate it is ftwerteM Be ma sir, to allow allegations w i re= be arises If dry yawl wholly groundless, to gain medic Or war ef pinatas spar Ines. I am wholly at a lola air, to know art yew arepansa mans by " a Jesuit party " a retrograde Malt party," an Andenkanit party," which would be formed whaler ea dens abe Plidassa. The true Jesuite—that In to my, the mamhere d the Baden a Jame —ore nowhere men of party. Orr Ye s eWm wieennly approved of by the dune ; Ms i art Ile Me 'Ewan —the glory of God atlas alealea sods; s mesas see the inake of the evange lical ISSllSselti sag the and a Win the Wattles, and epos. toile era in i ern ban linesdard the csample—it knows no abase. Pities are Map le it ; ha never an Its be vin say pay. Wawa It might be ; ha minion le asahn abeseall pada Asebedisa denghtern the churn, she - is hag serene Wawa Inv wassr . ei ... ehasa Wawa, her. Camay way hen =re la=ant issiminaw. nod in repearating es bared& a bedews INS sissis Wand lsiir=ari x= bat I who has Wiled ea We pan dr spirk aid noel solemn bedas laatals. Ide ink lbw sawaisted what your owe. , spaded seam by the term Waiawaadt." Csa any env kw Aceshalwrie lint the Janie a the Beers States have keard I win Asada? This wail, Wad, gin a ander les portage Wan raglan t Bet this sappeation is so opposed to good new aid eadeen dos d wells no refutation. Can any tae wish be =be ithelared SW the Mahe are feuddlaed to the Austrian SOMIIMISIS, ed Lan the Pan elf that government It the only one that des Jane sweead whb their erapstby t It is, Mr. Editor, to fund& see as aw' et atiamilas. oat for all, of what in the podtion whigh the misty 4 Pare ems taken up, sad which It pre serves Swank seder Wire he aanbers are called to live. Me the alter, Le Mahn of lase Ire dither antipathy nor pied laka he the pilled ass elitalow et didineat suites. Be smailmeasseept wile draft the inn d gsreweet under which Prordsmse hes plead thew _Wens' it he • paw which as a friend anesentrathen a as Win dais leaf to respecting in them the r gids ran ttreargalees in east sitiew. If the political institu tions st die sonsirysslddi they basin are defective, they endure thou &WS; Sada Ley be they applaud the amebas.- dons; thentiser Enka by thearfoe the people, they ada he theirshee thi basket thies rights• nand the rade of liner he caergad. Lea pad by Len to glee sere extension to webs a MIIISSESS m 4 ant inerwhen bad to the level of ths law; they warn pubis lawn; they adept tbe sentiments of good angle* Whine. in San bagasse, air ta the eyes of the nada then h lelarea tint TIM naperlor to other—the relthang ama k Imam and awe desirable life. Wbaeverthis olgeet Ilan bibisled. tee MISSY aldwallse thenmelme witheat re. er Webb. Owas, M. Lam, are the poise et the Jaeile with seirers le pousearan and their d' ecaildier. each is the et want that the liedr l bow trawl he naneetves, and he. ran they hope never be awn Ist, Wit sweat to the supreme htiad id the chunk the Judie en sass theartece hound lose. abligasas of the non name Mad. Try Wien thlaselvel bla a smash laws part le thar don ad bath* ineleassa. la Oar eyes We sewslip pada le sot aab a amend raw be Wan they ere sianieeise and re. enema, is b Owe ad for then a mber sal the reaseabeive of fear MAL dear Oda be we nn iten is pallesin Nese vewealeh. ne asts wash waste few his di re er realm' by awn an. Innis's! swage awe be Was pempt Is ante terr the abolnistrellas of 11/1 they dad ; idewaeanlw kr these an ands: they wmb Been It the meant d seleartnees login Ids paternal heart a assearagrial. Irepel.then win all the enslave woad, Mr. Editor, bak le ay ore rani .sale be that of the engin order which has mod me their eids4 pas edema to which you have opened your Jorewl. It is as antra, te leak a it to to public zeicciety, that the Janie sew "In a deb of pswasently plotthig" *P1832 the august amain, rbtoin the esti» wham greets with its seelemaJone. To waren died Peps Pi*. IX., to obey kint in all things, the an aft= sal amelioration that he may think =to hire dn willee, h aliwe ell Amite a question ef wiselenee, and of ich it he meet then to Wel. Thin duty, COMM wh to all the WOW of as dews Sian be by so much the seem may to fan, a be pond! st present mad in the chair of Paw wisest' the awed eiressier with wield be h clothed, all the yaw Let ths area Wren en the great qualities that the world abates. warecan far Mc Jesuits la particular, a duty of MIMI dose. les EL, dna the day on ad& he wawa she triple WM, los ussessissty Isilsold as the Sadao of lases the sledges et la vellarbilw and Warty aentton.--1 nark% be, Boara, Omani alas id*, how AMERICA.—A DIKOCRAT MErr N o.—The fol lowisi is a specimen ofeallmitriefia democratic meeting : - • - • Theibaceritis IbleOrewalke reerity wede acadasibee kraals einem le he sappeetel albs fweeeay a the Wake to Newaatarird. the "dereistbsupelilleseWok d the ray sad wady d Kew Yak. ineurstie Se realer itheolnatiese rd the melee d Oa Nay; wars Idled spa le meet is general seavention ow ate Illed vb. ler the man if saki ams such agalastka, ead keese atherleires Steatite he await blare them Beaky Yeelis to eat me Tearer y Had, the sewn; were heeirears dabs the thy. alluded that there were kiss ethilithe seaterke aid Pea sash es the wallet . C ars. ray lea wlareal a bee eel ok. The doors of the these ads y ere lIIIMINEO *PPM epee at OMB. adiaarra minutes miter. wesiskeyv Mhallothireteepeelle. The sesame wreathe to la Thasettes. wealealei ter Preeldest T. Meek, The lesei wastier et asepes geall ekele ead earelieles wore dna sp. eat then ien et Ur emi' vasseemenal by £ldu who al; that ea the pat erthe sematee he bag a set et ses le slim whisk he weld reel with the eatat the areedeg. The realeases won : ballet the ereasele stedimallhed geakkies ha I. Peas. ate, awl hell aabhne the trleaphe albs WE sad wartime= Ski; ka-taL la:1r Irma degas see la leaser et a visa= preireeden a the leer. (Cheies.) the peeemera hoe make( earths dictates atbs. maw pregeralieg It. bet UM it le alba to alb the aim leranek eats. me kw "seem Is threshed lab resba.-410. That in ray ea. agamat alb Melba Or psi Chas bean the ea, sal the experet of the warsava met he plit.-11k. the bate ended lw ended to (theasis Ikea tad Tater kkas. , awl the pleat Saes water their commaile. drag asi ke • nal thit wldb Was. lag gat brig, the en the th u d he saared ath piked,. gala 116.-Appeehat et the sarkentless a the Wheel s premeed by the Male Qeswiddiew at Syracuse. A gees es this bat make he wes read. thee was a epsetereee hamlet etwerg t hers sapntd the hew. mil abase tease eiseiher. Mir there IVlre eakeWtia well ohm; eal the ekes week, ay rd hta set," ke. Twee grim kr Oa raaatagsaa," ad they are alma " Muse ism ere the . assaleMbee." sal they, were gives. " Three than kr Ftegg." Mare; Mash. harsh.' " Mese than for /Mil •arda Ir.-let Kerrie " Hare; tan* bea.r.a.ts ;' red Mr. Mena ale =ger can web de. igabla-Vehe : There the wegosplas.- - Veket "Ms hatareire; we daft want .are.-we daft wet ars beelers." Saes elbow. -AIL PVIO/t : Itrust that then ate Maw trete lass reetiethas at agree their cheahlhetka me the "MIR doe ..rtes he bra le Is la vas we emes als IS Otell dwell beep Ilat.- lie presseasi wilt the sea m 5.44 eare the ono. haws 1106 The enemy d the asesereas peaty la the etas eel la the ales he has used aMerere le is. pier rateationa ilk raisilsa harmed la spa the ileasseek play to elan the triumph wit ally albs dateeretle piny, la the prieeppla ado pear.-7116 The seen& twelellea wee la spgame th=et ted,-Chelr: Cheileass. will yea beer the ask far WS yea beer the disk I Ica It le et trader; pearea le airre by -t hem. mes the Mb. (Onsiorealea.) -apris losing G himp.dausen% WM yea Mew the area paneled& Me ratche t (" Pity. sett Out with W.! Bet tiW Barak Ida- Pet hist at r) Oa loalthajZtr i pea ages what*, drabs r Meta plessebel. ere some Ma a erre peewee theabg aid ram oak other. The maw awed teerseile the dier, the had egete-Otels Raiders : Oasee el lathe iniii•••••• k odor I-Vain t I Name the re. eeketer be LY IS the : I we they that. (Irreatiter.) There wasili pa seekies hire roes the Ahab a the pribma eta kr Wag SS SOSIIIISS Wilk SRI dim ale • masa dieposklea male s o = is the Mkt of VW* there awe Wile ceder kat ewe or men vehis.-Tabe : ley=lllllPhe thalatellt thew ands. thee had the esakeet kr the (Owlet seetale; Wales a "rat lika sea" "e a lea tyska meets the rein sal ear& speak wil. het mot hart) "Pa Ma ent. pat him esa."-Teise • glean at bah 1 warbetwa Mateellw. Oast distalease la the Wei the ream-dab sal ails walldep.)-oeasis Maas Gall I the tea way t o o prawn gear Is fee easy mat to beep saw = (" Pa Ma s. pet Ma see "O e etathila." befthesewaliesee tan& the ask, n 44 sea abb easkar by theisier dile eat, ,s1= 111 • Itlefarr lw *OW Met he arta preserve eater. I hare/ I" Owe pay este the agertege. eel bathe ad SSW It autle apperata)-Owlia Dram : WII pee Aber the herelm* tis tok atr pi ring zweekrearate. mg drew the hum*, ark; ear ; elm die.t . nit OS% them I Oahe lileMt; lemma, blth i _p Flaw Masao -Thaela lade.: Mee as he peas erTh this row I nsets the weal weed Week kedge; ask was palling gesther or hy seelher; pea sesta" aid a we that wield leM a the Meth. " Yak am there; Haab r Ora. S pit tenet the *ekes he the perbee , mlOba the t i =r ie -4. 7" tivil d.rv ar;br tohet" mwrier ;. II I rt a e a ti; ha Ikalse.-" r ILL I" Hay r Marsh r-Mr. Wiese Wimple to " Preet" Prom firsay r- Meaues• Hank: Oallara. I Ind pea al de *lke to ell. (peel . Klima What's the wear ? Why • als scatedart WM p.. here ea ay freak? bat he b he askeeteed th at Ido Dot ozysetteptharwereery leerna-. Hone\ I^ " Harrah!"-voice . We deal ant to her yea.-" Hunk r " Harrah We spare our readers the rest of the prooeedinge, which were characterised by the wee emir end confusion, no rote hating been come to either ea the object of the meeting or the resolutions which had bees read. COLONIAL. CANADA AND NEW BRUNSWICK.—We pub lished yesterday, among our railway intelligence, a selfw of a meeting of the directors if the St. Andrew's and Orissa Railway to New Brunswick. Xr. Laurie,. the engines, re ported a minute resurvey ors portion of Mt ► lioe—ns. *cm Bt. Andrew'. to Waweig, a dideoes of about thirteen ;miles, with the view nr conducting It te • depot and wharfs adapted to the trade of the port. The wan sad purport of the report may be very briefly mated. The road, or oar roadies are aware, while its ultimate extension will owed the Atha* with the Canadas—a matter of oedema woweity as reapacee colonisation, military demob wed b., =T od som munication —is, in its ant As legal accommodation of • porta: is :New &wwl.h. when already exists a very Imp and fairesig balk. Ti use the word' of Mr. Laurie, " the road it lutanist' for the true portation from tide water to the interior of freight, meh as ...- •.- , ••• - ... --- •,... ....... ...a... .1.• • us. ... ............, .........vb nom lir comply oe•c. v g r ,.............. f ..................... wee mammy um., sing li faufo•ll Of OfOLOOfy Ilillial-bollt. NOT, a isalbasoiould ........... 1 2..... .... ......'... '7•••••11..i•••" ..... ' Irbil Ma in department in which error is more apt to prevail, already e - iTs - ta - ; v - ery . • lar . ge end increasing tragic. To me th e as d m gagush, derive little or uo benefit from this coma- and left it in the hands* his partner.—Mr. William Ayre, his taking this element lute his amount slt or the value of r . ~"'1 1 %,....,,,,,... ... i la a i rle of avast ••••••"---4.T.iiss. 1I ll snore difficult to provide agninet, more productive of word. of Mr. Laurie, ' the road is intended for the trans- aim,. It is clear, from the large gnantitim that pass ftai. a nother surgeon, deposed that be found the tame symptoms his project. Either it is a sound one and will Roomed, if ac As fee The .wi—se.eeet#s peewee et both MIAMI dne M t danger when it occurs, than m the business of watching Ponation from tide water to the interior of freight, such se glom in transit, how advantageous the immtatlee o f thi s me ntioned by the last witness. By the Solicitor . Had the met of displacing others, or it is unsound and would appearedj sai the air punkas wad an • few am o lo • 1143. COTTON TARN IN KILOOAATIMITS. - DWI aqua _Duty equal For lace: Doty 841. 60e. per 100 10 9 1. per 100 kilo- equal at per 100 kilogrammes, _v_a_aimee. klioeralunae, flat for Imply De — F. or b n „,,, 'll67l — ai Co"t ri " - ' m e . '" Comma Comm. Comm. Um Kilos. Kilo. Knee. Elm. Knee. . 46.404 61 Engla Prue& nd .. 1,764 . .702 1,144 249.11.7 Kon 11,097 10 . .121 )'rase .. 0.639 370 1.370 1,163 See DO But the relaxation of the French duty on Belgian yarn has created a factitious market for that article, at a price that it does not bring in the open markets, and which threatens to entail a lass of capital when differential duties shall be abolished. The raw linen yarn exported to France in 1845 was 2,134,965 kilogrammes, valued at 3f. 60c. per kilo., or ls. 6d. per lb., to which price, of mune, all that was retained for instant consumption must have been raised. It is scarcely possible to speak in terms sufficiently strong of the ignorance of mercantile and financial principles which the French treaty betrayed, and which has been exposed by its operation. an court. WINDSOR,WEDNESDAT.—The Queen will hold a Privy Council on Monday next, the 22nd inst., at the Castle, at one o'clock. The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and the Princess Mary, accompanied by Prince Frederick of Home, and attended by a lady and gentleman in waiting, are ex pected to arrive at the Castle this evening, on a visit to her Majesty from their residence at Kew. Sir George and Lady Grey are expected to arrive this evening, from town. The Marquis of Angleeey, Lord and Lady Ashley, and Col. Wylde, are also expected to arrive this evening on a visit to the Queen. The royal dinner party at the Castle this even ing will include the Duchess of Kent, the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and the Princess Mary, Prince Frederick of Hesse, the Marquis of Anglesey, Baroness de Speth, the lady in waiting on the Duchess of Cambridge, Lord and Lady Ashley, the Right Hon. Sir George and Lady Grey, Col. Wylde, and the gentleman in waiting on the Duke of Cambridge. The Bishop of Tasmania had an interview with Lord J. Rumen yesterday, at his official residence in Down ing -street. Mr. C. Russell, Chairman of the Great Western Railway Company; Mr. W. G. Hayter, Director; and Mr. C. Saunders, Secretary to the Company, had an interview with the Right Hon. E. Strutt yesterday, at the office of the Commissioners of Railways in the Board of Trade. Mr. Glyn, Chairman of the London and North Western Railway Company, had also an interview with the right hon. gentle man yesterday. Mr. S. G. Bonham had an interview with Earl Grey yesterday, at the Colonial-office. The Marquis of Lansdowne, Lord President of the Council, arrived in town yesterday afternoon, from his seat, Bowood•park, Wilts. The Right Hon. E. Strntt, Chief Commissioner of Railways, had an interview with the Chancellor of the Exchequer yesterday. Lord J. Russell gave a dinner to the Cabinet Ministers yesterday evening, at his residence in Chesham place. THE Potion BALL.—The annual fancy dress ball in aid of the funds of the Literary Association of the Friends of Poland took place last evening in Guildhall, where every arrangement had wen made to do justice to the occasion. The ball was opened at eight o'clock, but, as may be ima gined, the opening of the ball did not take place until long afterwards. From an early hour until past midnight the company continued to arrive, until the hall was completely filled, when there could not have been less than 2,000 persons present. The " character drosses" were few, and destitute of novelty, naval and military uniforms being predominant. The concert consisted of a good selection from the most popular pieces of the day, to which full justice was done by the vocalists, among whom were Mr. Harrison, Mr. Burdini, Mr. Bodda, Miss Dolby, Miss Hassan°, &c. &c. There was a large number of distinguished persons present, among whom we may particii lan.. Lord Dudley Stuart, who is always so prominent among the friends of Poland. The Lord Mayor and several civic dignitaries were also present. The hall was brilliantly illuminated with gas, and presented a beautiful appearance. The decorations which graced the recent festival of the Lord Mayor still remained. be efficient band of Mr. Adams was in attendance, and played its best. DowN WITH THE TOLLS !—A movement ham commenced against the metropolitan toll-bars, and in St. Pancras the enemy is at the gates. The popular party, act, ia e in fo ol . ipri ni tio o n Bar-bar-lane, ian ik s p will, i t d • e understood, " That's the ticket!" will be the watch-word of the opposite side. The civic turnpikeman, who is stationed at the foot of Chancery lane, and gets run over regularly twice a week, begins to feel the stool of office tottering under him ; as well he may, for it is continually getting jammed in between the lamp pat and the wheel of some paring vehicle. The poor fel low has enough to do to obtain the money from a passing cirt ; for, in consequence of the crush of conveyances, there are " wheels within wheels " all day long.—Punch. ARRIVAL OF SPECIE.—The vessel Pergo de Regan, arrived in the London-docks from Oporto, has brought three boxes of dollars, three boxes of gold, awl two boxes of silver, consigned to different houses. INTERCOURSE WITH THE CONTINENT.—The paaren gers between Boulogne and England during the week end ing the 14th inst. amounted to 1,112, against 908 in the corresponding week of 1846 ; the passengers between Calais and England to 194, against 248. Of the Boulogne pawn gen 589 were from England—viz.: from Folkestone, 453; and from London 136; 523 were to England: to Folkes tone, 439; to London, 84. FIRE AT ROTHERIIITHE.—A fire broke out last night upon the premises of Mr. Wm. Schad, 38, Paradise , street, Rotherhithe. The flames originated in one of the bed-rooms on the first floor. Four children at that time were asleep in the apartment, and the greatest difficulty was experienced in getting them through the flames. In the course of a few minutes the fire had travelled from floor to floor, seizing upon everything of a combustible character, when it at length bunt through the roof and ascended high into the air, the reflection of which could be seen from the several metropolitan bridges.. In a comparatively short period numerous engines arrived, when the firemen found that the work of destruction had extended to the house numbered 39 in the same street, belong ing to Mr. J. W. Goodwin, and also to that of Mrs. Sarah Harvey, No. 40. The engines were set to work, and large columns of water were poured into the midst of the, flames, but it was not till half past 11 o'clock that the fire was isinsidered safely extinguished. The damage done is considerable, and is thus returned by Mr. Superintendent Braidweod : " The whole of the upper floors in Mr. Schild'a premises destroyed, the contents consumed, and the lower floor severely damaged by water, &c.: uninsured. Mr. Goodwin (next door), about two-thirds of roof burned off, and furniture and building severely damaged by water: un insured. Mrs. 6. Harvey (No. 40), budding and contents damaged by water and fire. Mr. J. Smith (No. 41), similar damage to building and contents. Thos. Rigg (No. 37), roof and aide front damaged by fi re, &e . Mr. E. J. Naylor (No. 36), furniture considerably damaged by removal." DEATH CAUSED BY AN ACCUSATION OF ROBBERY.— On Tuesday an extraordinary instance of death occurred, resulting from an accusation of robbery, at Charing-cross. About six weeks ago, Mr. J. Bent, a gentleman residing at 21, May's-buildings, St. Martin's-lane, was riding in one of the Blackwell omnibuses, and after leaving it he found he had left his Macintosh cape in the vehicle ; a few days afterwards he met the driver, and desired him to tell the con ductor to take ear, of his tape and he would give him half a-crown for his trouble, but did not at that period give his address, and nothing more wan heard of him till Tuesday, when, seeing the omnibus at the corner of Chasing cross, he went up to the conductor (Henry Wil kinson , aged forty), and having accused him of I unlawfully detaining his property, called polies-eon stable 73 of the F division to take him into custody. The driver endeavoured to expostulate on the injustice of the charge, the cape being at the same time handed over, but Mr. Bent persisting, Wilkinson became deeply affected, and although a moment previously in apparent good health, he fell insensible as if in a the blood rushing from his mouth and nose, and expired without a moan. The body was taken to Charing-cross Hospital, where • post monism examination was made by Messrs. Avery and Seggall, and death was ascertained to have arisen from suffocation produced b aneurism of the aorta bunting into the left bronchus. Death must have been instantaneous. INQUESTS, YESTERDAY.—THE ALLEGED Mk 17.1- CID' AT RAC/NM—Before Mr. W. Baker, adjourned hr the fourth time, at the Dolphin Tavern, Mare-street, Bar ney, to proceed with the invadgatioa, to inquire thie the death of Mrs. Frances Sheridan, aged 70, widow of an weer in the army, alleged to havelNS peened by her eau, William Sheridan, a clerk hi the indereffice. The de ceased expired on the 29th ult., and the primer, who is in custody, was examined at Wore/Updraft, an reported in our paper of yesterday.—Mr. Baker add that in wens, of the evidence of Dr. Letheby, who had swayed the astents of the stomach, he considered it maturiallo resebda whether any poison had bean administered by any of the urethral gentlemen who bad attended the SINN during deented's illness, and if not that the feet nimbi be swarised by them, and for that purpose he helpmate& teak aaandaamm—Mr. F. Tonlann, surgeon, of Haar, stated that he lot attended the deemed on Saturday, the 23rd Mt, visa she was vomiting, and witness heard that she lei lees purged. There won at that period et pair a[ bat wit ness thought she wee la arise disuse et the mama membrane of the alearsh.-- the Osermer : Bad erteinly never reevibad amain D int see the ease mini times, and Isi ft la the heads el his pastsar.—Mr. Wass Lyre, another vergers, downed that he found the mate symptoms mentioned by the last witneee—By the Solicitor Had I visited the deceased daily, and knew that the fenny were in the habit of drinking. Had subsequently beard that deceased was.—Mir Catherine Sheridan, of 31, Mare-street, Hackney, daughter of deceased, was examined at great length, but her teetaineay wee very little more than a recapitulation of that taken at the police court on the previous day. In answer to the coroner, she stated positively that she had not the least suspicion of her aster, Mrs. Johnson, who wisseparated from her husband, and lived in the seam house with deceased, but had a strong suspicion against the prisoner. Her reason for supposing that the prisoner administered poison to his mother was his general conduct to her. He had often com plained about the money he had to pay out of his salary for her support, and which, he said, should not continue much longer.—By the jury : Could not say whether the prisoner was wanted or not ;he had some bad companions, and deceased had often expressed her horror of his connexions.— By the Coroner: Witness's brother (the prisoner) had a policy of insurance of his life for 6002, payable to deceased in the event of her surviving him, and, three years ago, when he paid the interest, he declared that none of the money should ever come to deceased or her daughters.—By the Solicitor : Witness's sister prepared the arrow-root whenever the deceased required it. It was also given to deceased by her ' in the presence of the prisoner—After a very rigid cross-examination by the solicitor, in which no evi dence of any Importance was elicited, the inquiry Was again adjourned to Tuesday next --SUICIDE OF • YOUNG Latnr.—Before Mr. Mills, at the Jubils., Gee street, Seymour-street, Huston-square, on Miss Alice Tansy, daughter of Mr. Tansy, 43, Clarendon.square. —Mr. T. Tansy, solicitor, brother of deceased, deposed that his sister was 22 years of age, and had latterly betrayed peat depression of spirits, which ha attributed to her religious feelings. On Thursday lest she took a dose of laudanum, ' the effects of which were destroyed by the immediate appli cation of antidotes. Sunday evening she was visited by the Rev. Mr. Phillips, who appeared to have convinced her of the heinousness of the crime she had committed, and for which she expressed greet regret. The next morning she flung herself from the three-pair bark window into the garden, and died in a few hours.—Miss Elizabeth Mu nn, sister of deceased, stated that she slept with her sister, and that shortly after eight o'clock on Monday morning she left her for a few moments, and during her absence deceased got out of bed and flung herself out of the window, a height of forty feet.—Mr. Frazer, surgeon, who was instantly called upon to attend deceased, said she had sustained a compound fracture of the left thigh, and other injuries, She exclaimed, " Don't save me ! Don't save me !" And subsequently, when her senses became obscured, said, " Oh, 1 nave me ! Pick me up !" He had previously attended her while she laboured ender the effects of the poison.—The coroner alluded to a report that the deceased bad destroyed i herself through unrequited love, and observed that, whether it were so or as now stated, their inquiry into the cause would only pander to a morbid taste, without enabling them to ascertain its real history. lie would not, therefore, enter into the inquiry, and would merely leave it to the jury to decide whether the act was her own act, and, if it were, whither she was insane or not —Verdict : " Deemed de stroyed herself in a fit of temporary insanity."—A gen tleman stated that a brother of deceased had committed suicide, a few years ago, by throwing himself from a river steamer in consequence of his having been disappointed in love. --CILLSOII AGAINST A CHEMIST.--Before Mr. W. Carter, resumed for the third time, at the Hampton-court Palace Tavern, Frances-street, Newington, concerning the death of Harriet Jane Cloak, aged 7 weeks, who, it was alleged, died from the effects of syrup of poppies, administered by direc tion of Mr. Bellamy. The investigation was adjourned to allow time for an examination of the body.—Mr. J. Hilton, surgeon and lecturer on anatomy at Gay:, Hospital, de . sed that he had made a post modern examination of the .. y, which was generally emaciated, apparently from the want of proper nourishment. Witness was of opinion that the death was a natural one, but the symptoms spoken of by Mr. Prior in his evidence were certainly brought on by the use of opium, alth nigh he could not undertake to say that the child's death was the result of the opiate. He should not have given such a dose to a child in that condition, and he mo t certainly would have visited the deceased,and watched its pro gress. The dose was a large one, and quite p os sible to produce death, although the appearance of the body at the examina tion did not give sufficient evidence.—After other witnesses had been examined, the coroner summed up, remarking at great length on the case, which he said was of the utmost importance; for, if Mr. Bellamy had, recklessly, or without due and proper care, administered a certain mixture, he was amenable to the law, and must be responsible if death re sulted. He should leave the case in their bands, to decide according to the evidence of the several witnesses.—The jury, alter an hour's consultation, returned as verdict— " That the deceased died from an opiate medicine injudi ciously forwarded and ordered to he administered to her, but not sufficiently so as in our judgment to amount to any act of , criminality." THE CURRENCY. Sir,—My appeal to the history of our issues during post panics has shown that the excitement which caused them was not the result of an excess of the circulating me dium in the hands of the public. On the last three memo rable occasions the belies of notes were unusually low, and the stock of bullion in the country was in the vaults of the banks when speculation commenced. Much larger sums were temporarily locked up in the fonds, making the difference between the fair value of money in the market and the exaggerated price of government investments. As far as the wealth of the country is concerned, it amounts to exactly the same thing . if an accumulation of capital is thrown into the sea, or invested for a permanency in funds whose productive power is in no way angmented by such investment. There is consequently no project so wild that' is not to be preferred to sitting down in idleness, and ab• stracting the gains that have been brought together by the associated capital, skill, and labour of all classes of the com munity from circulating amongst and benefiting that com munity. But I have already pointed out, that to represent all di.- position to speculate es leading to reckless and ill-calculated investments is begging two questions at once. The first is, whether home investments would not be exclusively pre ferred, if no difficulties opposed their establishment. The second, that many of the foreign iovestments which bare received that stigma really deserve it. Were not the in terest. of so powerful a body as the fundholden of this country, by the new shoot of political economy patronised by Sir Robert Peel, set at variance with all other classes of capitalists, we should not have had our foreign relations so managed as so withdraw all protection from foreign invest ments. As Iris, the American states are resuming solvency ; and the maintenance of peace, and spread of constitutional liberty, will make mines and railways profitable. The con dition of Mexico is a case in point. Have the interests of our mining companies hemmed for before or during the un warrantable attack upon that country? Why then charge the failure of foreign investments solely on the invester ? Hu he, as an Englishman, no right to protection ? Is the ' dealing with English subjects to carry no advantage with it to foreign nations ? Are Engliahmen precluded fro n draw ing revenue out of other countries? We are inclined to think that the fundholder's game is played too boldly when it leads to assumptions like these. Bat my object in this letter is to show that, although re- striding the amount of the amount of the circalating has ne repressive action of a beneficial kind on speculation, yet it acts moat injuriously when speculation is rife, and would ' prove beneficial if not impeded. To comprehend the lull meaning of this assertion we must look at the way in which enterprises begin and then at the manner in which they have to be carried out. _ _ A number of speculator' preparing for an enterprise that promises a good return usually collect their means, and invest the sums they desire to hold disposable in the funds, or in some other transferable shape, where the capital lies for a while and requires no circulating representative to give it activity. When calls are made this stock is exchanged for circulating medium, that the sums may be paid away in wages and in the purchase of raw materials. From these bands the money returns through the shopkeeper to the banker, who seeks to place it immediately at the disposal of parties desiring to pay wages. Were trade practically free there would evidently be a slow and gradual growth of the sum required for circu lation in this manner, utilise education and profits, increas ing in power and efilmency, made it become gradually prae- Linable to pay wages without the intervention of coin or small notes. To attain this end, both intelligence and con fidence are neesaary, and unhappily both are checked by the restriction on lames. Experience of the insufficiency of the present amount of the oreulating medium makes bankers wary of encouraging sew undertakings of any kind. It is in vain that the oaring effected by railroads or the demand for certain articles L shown to be certain. The argument is unconquerable that money is not to be had. When, then, a set of men get together, and Waist upon making trial, they do so almost at war with the circulators of mosey ; and instead of finding the co-operation that would cause the views of all parties to he realised, they are under the necessity of buying out com ps:awn to make room for themselves. In proof of this fact, I will only allude to the practice introduced sun after 1844 of charging commissions on accounts that were formerly not so charged and which was announced by circulars u about to be adopted by many oountry bankers. Of course trades that could afford the new communion then went on. Those that could not pay it were dropped. A move of a similar kind is now making by Marrs Jones Loyd and Co., of Man chester. _ . The timidity of the banker drives the capitalist who de sires to invest out of trade, and forces him to go to the funds, until their prim is driven up so enormoudy that it becomes intolerable. Bpeculations then begin in sudden bests be large mounts, that ought to bays gradually pressulad,, and whisk Is that meat , by Maras ecaddenee ia a healthy slab , liars wird arm:a aremseed essamical hiftS. vie nevi ft prestbable to do ocastarly=eriag agg badesse with little Makes to the drinkable twain. maid expedients are rut ii* s t is rasthable whin asselleme is expend be repeated oat list Ulan' an are to tallow err and miles sr amilment. hie whoa egesidatien has esemeassi its careen tad new undertalder re in fall lowan that dee want ef akeekt ing median to sear Ilse the., tai Ise the add emir* de mands men it, bermes paresribin There is no theirs between ahtadonia. ail that has bra erkelthen, and es =hie thehen mFr this vim= teUtsimas assn assegialefrelasedalwax from tide fe: it is lie te rem that me rums would have been hit if the resublime had arse bees Wpm& The nation of dew. the whit al enterprise by re stricting the needier is patting im the hors. The aria of inisepshe is he b read the= br of such paltry words Is Mtse, as Mum be ever For the iptarlatrie =mar it a arra, net 1111 MC red until now na terenable Ern hoe ttlitt it to calculate whet the yds@ at rid me to be whoa - Mr a relleted se Miry stann-beat kirisar,would by Salim take elehrst late his amount sleet the mine of his project. Okay kis a semi sae and will messed, if at the cost of alight*/ tithed, se it Is around and would enter into the details of some cases of extensive land owners, who after incurring immense amounts of debt, in improving their property with a view to the aug mentation of their income, have evaded the bulk of their creditors by pleading the privilege of their order. A BRIEF sketch has been given of the state of the RAILWAY GAUGE question, is it presented itself, in a national point of view solely, to the legislature, when the expediency of settling it was declared in 1845-6. The considerations that weighed with the commis sioners in proposing an adherence to the scale on which the far greater part of the system had been already constructed, were sound and practical ; and at the date of their report, it would have been easy to have secured the d esi red uniformity to the chief portion of the island, and to have prevented the confusion of different dimensions from spreading into further ramifications. This might have been done without com pelling the owners of the exceptional lines to conform to the general standard—an arrangemen which would certainly have been, per se, the most complete and desirable, as far as the nation al interests are con cerned. We do not blame the late government for not attempting this. But, far from even ado= o t e ti r : more limited determination which the com pointed out, the ministry and the legislature, airmailed by the declared partisans of the broad gauge, pro duced a bill that, while professing to limit its eaten /jail, and to keep the national standard in view, did in reality leave the field as open as before to the rivalry of the different systems ; a measure altogether so incomplete, contradictory, and evasive, that it has been openly disregarded by all parties ; and was so completely laid on the shelf, within less than a year after its enactment, that its existence was not even mentioned in a debate on the proposal, daring the late session, to appoint a new commission or com mittee to arrange the disorder, which an undisturbed progress, for another twelvemonth, of the contest be tween the rival dimensions had greatly aggravated. If the reasons for uniformity were strong in 1816, they have only been strengthened by the various ex penenoos of the interval since that period. The single practical advantage that could then be made out in favour of the wider lines—on the chapter of speed—has already been reduced, by the mechanical improvements on the others, to a merely theoretical superiority. It is now perfectly evident that trains can be run, on lines of the national scale, with equal certainty, at a rate of speed as high as the strength of rails and the requisitions of general safety can permit on railways of whatever dimension. Within the limit that such vital considerations pre scribe—a limit which, we apprehend, the impatience of the public has already urged the managers of both descriptions of lines to approach as nearly as can be allowed without serious hazard—within this boun dary it is now proved that the narrow can do as much, and this with as much safety, as the wider class. Nothing, on the other hand, has occurred of the least value to remove the objections to a double system, to weaken the reasons in favour of a single one. The arguments by which it was for a thee attempted to be proved that a positive brake was no evil at all, have been tacitly aban doned ; and the expedient of a mired gauge has been brought more forward in its stead. On this arrangement, which can hardly be more than a temporary one, we shall say a few words presently—as soon as we have finished the general sketch, by pointing to the state of the ques tion, as regards the effect on the railway system at large of another year of the statu quo. It has been, as any one may convince himself by a reference to the parliamentary business of last session, to produce a series of encroachments on either side, the ultimate prospect of which is to cover the country with a double series of railways—in other words, to establish two lines, where, but for this rivalry, a single main trunk, with occasional branches, would amply suffice for the trade of the district. The wastefulness of this process could never be deemed unimportant in a national point of view; least of all, at a time when a presumed excess of railway expenditure is a subject of exaggerated alarm. Putting all exaggera tions aside, it can never, we say, be well for the country to spend its means in making four miles of road, when all that is wanted could be accomplished by half the number. It is certain that at present we cannot afford any extra outlay, for the sake of keep ing up a more engineer's crotchet, even were not its existence, as a separate system, attended with various hindrances to the currency of national intercourse. It may now be seen by . all—by some it his been per ceived from the beginning—that the new roads we require should be made with as little waste of capital as may be. If it be tree that we have only a limited amount that can prudently be applied to their construction, it should be laid out, not surely in needlessly doubling the series in certain districts, but in opening those which have no roads of the kind at all. The continuance of two rival systems, each intent on aggression and " competition," is in this point of view the most ruin ous waste of the aggregate means of the country that could be invented; and its practical result, if it be • suffered to go . on, will be, that for every twenty millions spent in the regions that it invades, we shall only have, to say nothing of other disadvantages, an accommodation that for any useful purpose might • have been supplied in a uniform system for less than half the sum. In comparison with this • immense waste, the money annually thrown away by the rival parties in their parliamentary battles may seem a trifling sum; although in itself it is by no means an insignificant one. We have heard the cost of the contest between the Great Western and its neighbours, on either hand, computed at the rate of one thousand pounds per day, for a twelvemonth or more. This unprofitable outlay we cannot regard with friendly eyes in times like the present. Of all kinds of railway expenditure, that which is directly wasted in mere strife, or indirectly in consequence of it, ie surely the least allowable ; sad of this species of waste the rivalry between the gauges has been the most active cause of late years, sad so will continue to be, unless the dispute is ad justed by superior authority. Here we can see a case fur the interference of the legislature, on grounds that it will be proper to state in more detail on a future occasion. In the meanwhile, from this general view of the question, we retu rn to the point already touched upon—the expedient, namely, of a mixed gauge, which has been put forward as an evasion of the difficulties admitted to result from a total brake in the double system. This plan will be found, we ap prehend, to partake of the character generally be longing to all middle courses, by which interested parties will seek to evade a plain necessity, and which other parties, who would fain be relieved from the unpleasantness of a firm decision on a disputed matter, grasp at, is a welcome excuse for temporising and trifling with it. We sincerely hope that no reli ance will be placed on any such method as a means of bringing the two systems into general work ing relations; because we are persuaded that it will be found unsuitable for use on an extensive scale, or where the intercourse to be forwarded is various and frequent ; and that, were it even practicable, it must be attended with many risks of the very kind which, of all others, it is most desirable to avoid. The additional cost of laying down a third rail on each line; the practical inconveniences of working from line to line on the different gauges with different kinds of moving stock; the increased trouble and confusion in arranging and dmpatching the waggons, carriages, and engines at the stations wherever the tra ffi c is busy—these are considerations that more immediately belong to the railway owner, although even these will indirectly fall on the public, in other ways besides their oertain effect in increasing the rate of charges. The matter of more direct interest to us, however, is the greater insecurity of any plan which renders a multi plication of " points and crossings" inevitable. On this head, puns have been taken in certain quarters, and from the trial of a si-gle experiment on a short line, to make it appear that no additional complexity will be produoed by the use of a third line. It is to be hoped that the public will not be misled into any such belief. To our mind, it is quite clear, that if the system is to take place as a real means of constant interchange, in joint stations, where two lines meet — and on no other condition can it remove the incon venience of a brake—the number of intersections and moving points must infallibly be greatly In messed; that mere arithmetic must teach us that the powers of three are higher numbers than those of a smaller multiple, and that the ratio of increase Mows larger with the increase of the multiplication. Now it must not be forgotten that there is no work ing department in which error is more apt to prevail, more difficult to provide againet, more productive of danger when it occurs, than in the business of watching have failed if no currency impediment had been thrown in his way. The margin is immemo which is left to the spec.. lator ; for if his profits promise to exceed 100 per cent, ha need not care whether the circulating medium be really " paper money" or not. What be waits is the calculated profit, and if that be attained, the means, whatever they were, have done their part. Witk the Three per Cents. sr 100 every capitalist has at least half his mouey to throw away, if he thinks proper. But it is said that third parties should not be involved in the losses of bad speculators. No third party can be involved in an issue of bad currency otherwise than by taki ng hetet that deserve no credit. The history of all country banks shows that their notes never had any than local circulation ; that is to say, amongst people who knew the m. A large portion were out on credit where the ima m was creditor as well as debtor. Now, a Ada of this kind is an appeal to the common sem m of the community to inquire and know what the ismer and his customers are doing. The man who takes any nom ought to know on what security it is uttered. But how eas, any man know anything about the notes of a central bank? A note issued to a man in Norwich may come round to Bristol. Who knows its origin ? And what security does its stamp afford? What can it do but deceive people into the notion that government is less responsible than other people, that the erowt has the prerogative of issue according to Mr. M'Culloch's declaration. The crown has a right to stamp coin, because it can name a responsible master of the mint to ascertain that the coin so stamped is genuine gold or silver, and of a particular standard and weight. But the same law which confers this privilege fee rather responsibility) makes it quite impossible that any minister can issue notes to represent property, because be cannot he si.y possibility know what is doing in the trading world. Every nation of central Europe has now its bank of issue, and we can see how far they are able to exert this dangerous prerogative. No country can keep allot more than about one third of its annual revenue, even where it monopolises issues and represses trading by so doing. The total of the i , SUPS of all European government bunko does not amount to the sum which the bankers of England cir culate. our own government now circulates exchequer bills to the full extent of its credit. . From these facts it must be evident to all who confider them dispsesinnately, that the scheme of a government bank of issue in England would prove a miserable and melancholy failure. . . . On the other hand. since curtailing the issues of private banks has been found to avail nothing against sp , culation, since the desire to manufacture and to trade is one deeply implanted by nature in the human breast, it will be well to leave the manner and the means wherewith to do so to the parties who risk most in the adventure.—SCßUTATOß. WRECK OF THE STEPHEN WHITNEY. The following additional particulars of the loss of *e packet-ship Stephen Whitney, is given by the special reporter of the Cork Examiner. Some lima already known on. cc pealed, but it is necessary to retain them to render the Merrative complete : not elip Ilhophen Whitney sailed from New Tort en the 11th of ageber We" hound for Liverpool, having on board, including peg, gen and erew, one hundred and ten persons. During the purge the won bee wee all that could be dc-dred. The thus had apcianuu, made a f a h average pesaage, and everything promised a fortunate wrminatlon to the voyage. Up to Tuesday last nothing worth re• cording occurred ; but on Wednesday the weather set in thick and haze, and. In consequence, the oormnander deemed it edrnable to *ton the program of the mewl. The sounding hue was then throws overboard, sad it was ascertained that the vowel rode in unearth of fifty fathomed water. After some technical instructions regantig t the maandelleed of the ship—which will be found more distinctly Sr. died le la • document supplied by the mate of the unfortunate rend —WE be delivered to the crew, and acted upon, the vessel coati- Mold to make limy way until about eight o'clock on Wednesday wen t*, when the laud was seen immediately ahead. Owing to the Mirage and perseverance of the crew, the fillip was, with wry great difficutty, brought off this point, which was subcquently awe. tamed to have been Cronkhaven. During all this time the weather continued intensely duU and hoc, tendering it quite importable for even the keenest eye to descry the land which lay in treacherous contiguity. When the mewl had been relieved from off the lard, a light was distinctly Ws, which, after a brief eonsultation, we su to be the Old Head of Kinsale, and measure, were semi. ing i rdtpted for making the harbour of Cork. In this fatal error. which supposed the light on Rock Island, near Croakhaven, to he that of the Old Head, the disastrow results that ensued would appear to be, in a considerable degree, attributable. The light on Rack Inland as I have been informed, has been but very recenUy erected ; and, from all that I could ascertain, the responsible person. on bood appeared to be ignorant of its existence. Whether each ignomms involved a culpable neglect, will probably be a matter for futon investigation. The chip was again hauled off the land, and, believirg she bad sufficient offivg, a coarse was steered in relation to the sap. poised position of the Old Read, wadi, under the circumstances, me considered to be the correct one. They kept on in than aurae until a quarter to an o'clock, when the land was signalled ismst, diately ahead, and orders were promptly given to b.* b e , round, but the tremendous surf which brat upon the MAN ifirtked a sterner command, and it was evident the ill-fated ship was doomed. A brief, moment only matted, and one terrific crash followed, which Instantly consigned numbers to eternity. This single encounter stove in the entire side of the veesel , and in less than half an hour there were not two planks together, nor a single article dry description that could afford the means of escape to either passenger or sal. Unlike the greater number of those dimetrous eminences, when • respite of even a few hours affords the nnhappy sufferers some mem or probability of escape, the victims on thisoceasion were Untie* hurled into eternity without • moment's thought or prep. rattan. In lees than ten minutes, out of one hundred and ten human faMI of life and hope, enjoying the glad anticipation of meeting relatives, and home., ninety-two bad mto rand !list. the mercy of Providence, eighteen individuals wee ham the destruction which overwhelmed their an. elatimi—and, in many ilf1•4•001, their escape yes effected with little sosibmse from their own strength or activity. Suck ma the sudgmmem of the mieslty —remit the fearful havoe which a few Wand@ emoted--then Anon all on Ward were eturdfird with hoer*. d wwwernent, end eendered totally Inactive by the appalking catelneghe. The suntans, bruised and naked, without slam or Eire or waletelet, wrombiel op the rock which overhead iresftee lie height at was* slaty hoe, and, after marching about for came tie indeed fig Pre gal d& hats, the only human tees. • meat@ es dm mi Mee Day Weird Dr the first time that they bad strait on as wales mitt at Meat Calf Island, situated in the channel *taw the video of Skull and Cape Clear Island, and lying about four tags inside Do Cape. The two families who reside upon the Woad ism@ totally igeMent of the melancholy ciremnatance mil the Behind Ned women set mariners entered their wretched cabins for the menet etweahret _abetter for the night. The onset gm* were apprised on Thureay of the cars cumalumn sal on the evening of that day the entire at the new wee lismort the island in a large heat belonging to Mt. an sae ~._ Several of them appeared to be quite ex i = Rem the all ad 41 , t0 the weather, and two of them Obi to te os_LeLeme held@ of Skull. At an earl hour on Thunday am we lated amongst the y oountry Pacifier thit shold ENOS* of small craft of every description were me Pleseelleglewerth the mesa of the wreck. The &homes of every weeligi sir dee undrlmnate vessel sadly disappointed the especial:dm el he gengb, who be to content themselves with picking up what ever Di** hie etedt, Instead of, ma they anticipated, seeming what oweredglimedlig It to appropriate. 'ffeeemp. am weedg es the mete *mid form an idea, °waisted d abeattomi Dostiebeteeen„l.lllo behe of *Won, 100 howl of drew, 4* le elf wit. II lam et *dm, sod the other articles which I may Ise aimpliled Ina gonewlemege. It may be riper le =NM Iwo that the point on which the ill fated vend wee die* Wheee, lb eme of the mat dangerous on the enthe eween—lbe weak dm perpendicularly to the bright of over fifty Oledid Mt et di men t h e Tear, the swell is terrific. On the me n ammeall, tgovernment vessel de &mind he Ide of ascertaining vs= K o r t ss he •ma any wan the wrote or cargo ; but the Chrism' =hy -hick she well he reminded, was nowhere to he seen. lords of one if Meadows, it imesered as if the ship bathes =ln a mill, •in ft • lumber at - - orperaers wee employed be Sr the new getrpree of chipping her Into enemas et ere tlisesar kw feet hi Teem moo al the= I owerteheed the meow die aardvark both and ere, W sin begoebet Itit et woe twenty or t et the mils A eleenge pmenwern. The wham annegotehe New are :—Thom Alke,a nada* of dematimit, dot mated dos veal; James D. Nneteg, third mate, Wier Jaw* a melba et Tortahlre ; Joseph w, an Amelia% bard deb, wont; Joint It othewey, an *meter ; David Fergana. • treed =; William Smith, of Dollmwo, T..s. • Nary Mee, " ; Daniel Greases, Jektmlowa, tileolisabl; Th ew* Jaime Iketien.ll.4. ; John hereon, New York ; George Mies, New Tedts him ganndere, on Mnerkan ; Adolphus !nelson. New Tett. Ito %uwho romped were :—Edward Ekin a mew d Er" Dosoipl• tome Wasehry, at hen; Deny; Dowli Deb Ind et Neetzd t Patel* Mom, Berm comity= m.. denobwhed the teem et tho mmo* *a le a began* Dirteen yews old, meow compiel * lb ham e• ea tie Wight dein Trak anis mot append* be dee** le the nem 01 lb NM & (In maw the rock, eml Emig Ye dither wee net there, ho maid tome& De wear INN, at pu•mg ea led le We *Menem. le he..... 1 .1111 wee aim ter b Ilea altre Naliber ;ma he wee with Dom getting • wow hie eneeedion. As Off se7 - ra ' rr i lhogeoseei psalm et the Fewegeme were paws welodeg to hind ben Ameba; bet way kWh* portioebro sepellieg Ors it wee Impossible be time be. The. wee no mend or task news en bawd the Atte ; Yea s want* en lewd at New Tort, Do Meet ail weer the names af he Meempe powlegus who inn Who , rhea ft mil in Do vennt mg no be or nremormedum of they was kept Onboard. The Mewing la • Het at the crew who were drowned, as cosy se could le sacertahmi Thu Sid ea the Ilet be that of the captain °I the indortemato wen& Elis same we Charism W. Popham, and 1 heatd Emeadmed that his deafly helsepd ie (kirk, and that be him self wee • adds deb aimmley. Lbw. OK a Wive of dotithamp toe, eel wend mile et the ward. There Bine, Now Haven, siamma; Wow NW" = 4, 06 1 ;:e10s Brown, New Have% Mb; lame Cra New Tat, ditto; Andre. Dale, • mem Damiek, ditto; John Onnoarrod, Wales, die ,.„. llLOsemp liageweed, New Hams. ditto ; Robert Lherged. Melo; Benjamin Iteo . Armies, ditto; Robot Ws.ser Yak, OM; awry, Rabbaart, ditto; Allan /leads, Mies The ammadownsimeallemd, with them OA have escaped, would glee a WNW tomeemerees be the Wes wein, leaving eighty. Oman ter Se enneheret powingwo es bawl. e were six atm gr assy.. all at =dierlied. nay ores — Mr. Roberta, a ealt, who Wes le how bra ea Ideleaso, Mr. Fote, • enoteeet Delend ; Mrs. Thorn, a bag bieeiging to Demon*: Nr. Delliwas. et Liverpool; Mr. EiKlaa=eli d Ohio: and a Be. =Mr. Swyney, who, it was won • natlvedmine MA limn Itedridey evening, about beam have bean embed when ; lat oI it sot her with that any of dm ems labaloll. Omar ban wee the see 4 rweeetately.dreing lb. Die. sompftell be be Km Therred =Mbar wee DM et a Mee. Sens Ili VIM wen keened Mt the MIS, god the Whom sew he pit where they we wedged eaten. I a bearer. by he bed emeleblo et ania Wee teeenled wean be the EMIL IS he mob* bat he dirt upon he would elitend. The liarerg bar week Dem me by the =Os et he and, he gemenenita to he soften May debeat the perdstlero et So W pe pm& • . Pseinee.—On the ID et Clelder hot et the MIN = belt esa l a bert et Nay Yoe; bowel tw IlverweL • Se mew a* Wedesedey, tee ND dal leech be, as lilies, en "Ewa fiecleat in the Moro" lb r alipmas him am, end willge weed In fifty fathom Tin we wee gentionhely ethic, sad the Med blowing very tam' - ehlg wee maw doeblemoded lopnib—et 6 o'clock, Pal, he erbedi beinowlea the mho were doemended ; at I Wank pm, made he hid easy dote to the ship. After draft of ben the land ear a tied white light, which, on °mantling wile_ di 0.111 1 . I tusk Dr De Wit • the Old Reed of Elam& ; beeled of he aft on he oterbelig le*, bratig set* art by meth. m • etbdi Omeideeleg we let unglient an*, Newel the rbaral soak 1 err by s and of • tarter le lin the hod yes mode nbette tbe Idle tom pet sleet; mil ma riarbag emceed Biel se he heavy we thee mob& Ile dip west whw ha a herwieele, idea 1111 Mown lebego, end sew, 51 porlibel, mot dwe* thologiin the mud =we 1 1 = 0 • 5 obi "" easel led oil Dar , wed we cliff aged. Every ' ellet imi‘alitha mis te issemm aal iewe entlhi wq ."" peet was do.i iiit et the lim al* wa t i :emf .. o . l7adwu t. " o iWalitea a t : "" =. 49.l6l : ".ei g l a aq Lbw**, Ift.. a bed meglimete. Mae wow ell le • the leise *Wei In • dole at greet deolteet== De mid at NNW% owl he Ames of wade* • Ow Ihe ltip wet man eel* frodsmoi awl ' 1/ P--.. 1.1. Ine adee d it MP1 41 • 4 j and the air railer writ ow alecin...—