The Express. — London, England, 1852-10-29 00:00:00

gfte ervreoo. TO COltalaBPol4 DINTS. a hod ado too "Tam azpros." scatalsbur lb' wee Mabel " Oer.tt. "t. pabashed ovary Taegu) gal Vriday 'tett, ta tar poet. aavettmn •:. %trial ke "The Itspeeo," Lai lea Eveclis yam bbe Mae. Ikeaveriwiereet. tire •Ndoeit cm Uri col HIGH WATER, AT LONDON BRIDON. Tem Mr —Mania& T 1..3 a .hair's, 31i. Ois. T Napozativ—llordag. fk.t3 u. _Afterglows. Ik.:s.. LONDON, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 29. how different is the picture of Sultan ADD-UL MLiviu at the present hour to the vision of the l'alioli that shines in Eastern romance. There he i. all grave and stately happiness, riding on the most splendid of Arabians; decorated with priceless jewels; surrounded by the must wonderful and obedient of Viziers, with count kern riches and boundless power, and dwelling in palaces redolent with perfumes. cooled by fountains. and made a very Paradise by sofas-full of Circassian, beautiful heyonil the powers of all the eastern poets and in one) to tell. Instead of this SULTAN of e, we find our STI.TAN of Reality bothered to death by duns; worded by the advocates of con tending faiths; howled at by the bigots; cajoled by France, bullied by Ramie, and humbugged by all. Having the talent to sec that his empire is out at elbows with the time—that civili intim. by strengthening his European rivals, is by comparison potting the throne ho sits upon at disadvant ore; and having impulses that urge him to set this balance even, ho has striven to introduce various reforms into his government, and has„—to some extent,—suceeeded. But only to some extent : for the materials he has to work with are not at all ticketed for quiet mixing. In the European section of his territories be has out of his 15 millions of sub jects, avers large proportioned' Christians of the Greek ehun:li. Them Christmas it is who chiefly carry on the trade of farkey, and consequently own a large portion of its moveable wealth, anal hence have much influence. This influence, it is very clear, leans to a large extent towards the power that holds the head-quarters of the Greek Church —to Russia. Thus we see that the portion sif his subjects who trade extensively, and become thereby more ready to welcome civilisation at the hands of the Scur iN, arc in another respect the very people who sympathise with the encroach ments (Allis northern neighbour. Meanwhile the old hohioned 3lumelmen, whose faith was the talis man of ancient conquests, and whose religion is to this day the only bond binding the Turkish empire tog:ther, object to refilluse altogether; ignore the necessity . for any I clian isbelieve in any present i::fenority in the T of I tts2 to the Turkey of any former time; smoke dudgeon when any new tingled plan is proposed, and plot when it is forced upon them. All this por tion of his subjects, though true to him on religions points, have long—for years past—groaned in the spirit, as mush as pious Moslems ever take the trouble to groan, over this new theory of innovation and change. At last they have kicked over the traces. With fair talents and good intentions, the SULTAN, it is understood, is nut a man of very great powers of will; and has some tendencies cal culated to weaken, rather than strengthen, his health. Whilst left to himself, and when the pot teal horizon was fair, he always had a Reformer like RED.iitu l'AcitA for Prime Minister, under whose rule the cultivation of knowledge was not punished as a sin, and even a newspaper (the inno vation most hated by the Moslems) was encouraged. But when difficulties grew in amount, and the hori zon became gloomy, out went the Reformer before the storm of Mohommedan indignation, and Turkey and its Ruler were merged in the tide of Tory re- 1 action. A reformer without force, and an exchequer without funds, " has done it all." When the Turkish loan was first mooted in Lon don, we pointed out the objectionable portions of the proposition, and these very objections seem to have truly foreshadowed its failure. The capitalists of England were asked by us whether the plan did not look very like a lottery, and, therefore, tainted with an element of illegality. The pious Moslems have found out another deadly flaw in the transac tion—the scheme was too like mazy, and there fore against the laws of their Prophet. For this lati tude it had a dash of the illegal—in Constantinople of heresy. By one or the other, or between the two, it seems quite clear the whole thing is to fall to the ground. It was always known that the Turks bad an innate objection to state loans. There was nothing new in this antipathy, or any question of the political danger that was run in proposing such a thing. Monsieur LavAirrre, the French ambassador at Censtantinople,knew all about this risk, but it met hie views, perhaps, to embroil Turkey, and it clearly muted him to get the loan for a French house, —just as it sometimes suits a discounter to preps a young lord "to have all the money he wants. The . nULTAN, after reforming so many other things in his territory, wished to clear off certain national "little accounts," and was persuaded that the European sys tem of finance might follow the European method of drill in the land of the Faithful. He had abolished turbans and loom small clothes in the barracks— why should he not atedi the objectiene to money-borrowing in the bureau P His ears tall of French advise, sad big pocket' ee of piastres, be mile the experiment—sad les Med. The Latest mews idea dot the lose is met to he ratified, mei Me a tree sad bout gentles's—as there is evilly team to believe bin to be—the Sur - TAN bIS USN 'on' to wow all der money that hes boa aierssd ea his account, and hes taloa ....seams le provide for the aims =O P = weld mere readily have met. Oft Osestestaseple Oillimosint iNki:—::Tho Haab dies hoe es es Nes et a dolga that it is met is the ettbesexemma le them seis. rn W adas et this Ihrodel memo i it may be doe eveateelly, hat it will ratable assay years to de It. As to the MOM of satn tbe mdrinsies of the ermest, it is hoped to do so by the add 0 gifts and oilman loos. The SULTAN hes est the amen s, rod Ayr having emptied his private lossury , sad ell his piste to the mint to be issiteddswo The Mom of Faranca refused this lot addle, Amides that the situation was sot despeote ease& to have m emo to moth extemidesp sad dal the eobenare nest was ally Unmoor. and *old be get vow by a littlelmed era The GRAND Vila% NMI Ike if six et rishotPashas of the espial. Imite disend the sole of the SULTAN, ad hare salad d 0 sande= decree (10 million' of base), and a sue ploy et Rat Anemia& bankers kV* ellirie n t: bet feed 10 edam piastre at 6 per oat. now will sake to pay the draft, of the book which have mese die. An equal mom will be re quired in 20 days, and is eels to procure it certain receipts are calculated ea, ea well as an anticipation of the payment of the taste ken the Pasha of Zorn, to 'mit mid& MOUCTAZ BIT was seat to him ea the 'la hope deli Pooh ialeswee he Egypt will ad um he geed to WOW midi sob =essiees he meshing Turkishareas eat el resumes; hat ossawhile we may well helebe hew it cease abed list the SULTAN dwell he In the false position), sew esswiss. In Co limeades*, Ibsen bee eon trived le Notify herself with the poly et wipe.% aad ia dda case progressmemo asks& lima there the despotic priseiple, with aidoe we have=a ts the mligioes hies of the trades Grath CIASIIIIIL The Russian parq have upset the Poe& party's loan, but Ramis Mosel!, it is smemeil. Is quite willing to advance any sum the mese et the SULTAN may require ; —and whilst M. Lsenicers threatens to leave Constantinople unless terms are kept with M. DevAus, Roam agents are mid to be quite to supply what may be deficient, should French Fahmeador really strike by flag, and the loan be abisolutely and finally rejected. The poor S ULTAN, like Captain MaeleeetA between Polly and Lucy, can satisfy neither. Both want to get a creditor's wilipland over him ; and in his dilemma—thanks to Lord MALMLABIAT - the English 41•6101.1 e; TAD hee eille beee able to so Wee sesit Teleabb te likasjs heeled et lalft as Cheeludeeek !hie ballets, is MR !mkt belied by the ado' et Peewee to be oda Protester° tithe =Lr:; but the Obi fame is mete act that le deeelmped beleme la rerZe son so—he the doemeret soy yet be most bushel toe the SuLTAN Mona than one journal now declares that the King of the BELOIANI has been required by the Powers who set him on his throne to SWUM the pas"• lug of a law to limit the freedom of the press is Belgium, and that this influence has been brought to bear upon LEOPOLD at the instance Of Louis NAPO.' LEON. This complicates the relations not only of France and her neighbour—but of all Europe ; and day by day it becomes more and more neesesary that we in England should be able as rightly to com prehend the circumstances of the French people as to fathom the resolutions of their French PREAIDENT. For thirty-seven years they have now enjoyed peace, and west-smell , needed the evidence supplied by the Exhibition of last year to assure us that the French have made in the period great progress iu manufactune. It was impossible to see their de partment without being struck with the writy proofs of their ingenuity and skill. But while that brought under our notice numerous spe cies of Parisian taste and Parisian art, it gave us no information of the extent to which the French manufacture goods for others, and are dependent on foreign trade for their prosperity. It is pretty gencrslly known, however, that tho stiecies of objects exhibited in London are much sought niter in most parts of Europe; and that French silks, French gloves, French perfumery, French jewellery, and what is called Parisian wwok,r k, found their way to every town , and almost every h ouse, where luxury is known and taste cultivated. They are largely exported to North and South America. Far from re pining at their success, we wish it were grewer, u every extension of trade is a bond of national peace, though the princes and rulers who have fos tered arts were not aware that they were preparing chains for their own wills, and creating interests which would prescribe, in spite of them, the policy of States. The exports of Paris, for example, though it was described on Monday by the Taws as " not a port nor the scat i f manufactures, except for articles of luxury and taste," amounted, in 1817, the year be fore the Revolution, to 168,572,187 francs, or 6,742,887/. They were, in truth, chiefly such ar ticles, but they constitute about one-seventh part of all the exporti from France. Paris may not on this account deserve the name of a scat of manufactures, but in it are enumerated 32. i different species of industry carried on in 64,416 establish ments, and employing altogether masters, workmen, and workwomen, 407,316 persons, and they out-num ber the whole population of Manchester by 91,133. Bankers, and all who deal in money, merchints, car riers, and those engaged in exporting commodities— no inconsiderable number in Paris—are not included in the 407,346 persons. Adding them we shell pro bably find that the industrious population of Paris is not much less than 450,000 souls. If manufacturing goods to t he annual v alue of .5R,000,0001., and exporting upwards of 6,000,0001. annually, do not make Paris a great seat of manufactures, what is Manchester or Leeds! If their trade be bonds of peace for us, will not the trade of !'uric be a strong bond of peace for France? Surely it must be, unlem the will of the industrious Parisians can be strangled by the tyranny of an absolute Ruler. Connected with the sea at Havre, Paris is almost as much a port ns Glasgow or Gloucester. It is better known to the majority of our countrymen than the rural districts of France, and if such mistakes be made in describing it, what mistakes may not be made in describing the disposition of the peoplein the south of France end of all its rural population. Even of our own countrvmen, the best informed amongst us very often commit great mistakes, and are surprised at discovering at our own doors classes of men, and manifestations of opinion, we had not previously dreamed of. Our errors as to France are less easily , detected, but we may bo sure they arc (Fester, and equally sure that any system of national policy founded on such imperfect and erroneous views must be mischievous. Our contemporary, who displays such an imperfect acquaintance with Paris, cannot be a good guide for the national policy in relation to France. It is now some 32 years since M. CHARLES Durix visited this country, and was astonished at our mechanic power. We forget the immense number of horses' strength to which ha then compared it, but something very e aormous; and it was said that our steam engines were adequate to raising the mass of the Pyramids in about 18 hours,—orcapable of doing in that time what i..appard to have required thr labour of 100,000 Egyptians during 20 years. The fact proves that national power depends more on intelligence than on mere numbers. At that period there can be no doubt from M. Dorm's great admiration that England had in this respect gone far a-head of IFrance. Since 1820 a great relative change has taken place in the condition of the two people. Our population has increased about 40 per cent.; the population of Franco almost 20 per cent. The increase here has been wholly of • town population, brim full of intelligence ; there, with t h e exception of Paris, I chiefly of a rural po p ulation . Here, the increase has ban of those who make and use steam engines —there, of men who dig the ground with spades, and train vines. There is, we are aware, an old prejudice in favour of a rural popula tion ; they are said to be stronger men, better able to bear fatigue, and more intelligent than those whom division of labour manned in towns to one occupation. We, however, have learned other views, and we know that the town-bred . population of England is, in most respects, superior to the rural population of our country and of every country in Europe. They are the masters of the mechanic powers. They have ea it were, nature on their side. Their imitat: s ir time strength sad weapon. and if they Brost wealth they have great power to MEW it. With the increase of our pow Won, our attest_ engines usiimassl in genuity have meeldp • awl though we readily mord to we imigklmare 'greet impatiity, it is con fined to a mswavely mall -portion of their malaise. and is tact to give thew like ear minimal pared= seesmand over mature. Havist • t of the mew et the head at affa t re ° tire's.% we may yet fat NIBS mama he heft bin to be lees capable for smi less ells than he might of be to wow wee; though the comparative pthgesee of the two mediae ethos 1820. Our trade, 'Mei has grows hem ea with our meshanieth impnivemeats, is a dip Jammed naiad power. In. stead et jat hes; sei the view of • wieldy .ftwessery, and abdication of ear Weeded paid= as a asseptiag the prothelmele amen stior ebb, it shield inspire us with amillease la ear magi= strength. Neglect leg ma peeper gessautisae—awl that we need _pre. centime sad preparations there is no deabt—Eng land, Ithe a strong man, may repose ea her own might. TH2 LAND Rwristlds iii Ntw Sorra WALits. —Thee legidalre mien of Now South Wales was is *pea ea the k at Jam. The *Met Montag Herald If set day NNW thst wadi be me et the meet geld maims sew hdti. This sprelire d puler whir& hap would be heed ea the bum gmumget wM be the genteel of the lead rneams. Owing ter diesegary of geld the emo tive has wow trumesiwara dived of a larger mime thee the leghlalms, the rend lapreselat is that no ragasilei mean wadi be gasslimsd ea hem gad am= ewe baseglit s dm/ hush. The animal Whs. suss r i ll: li ti a. ag Ar il as il lst ell Am il mes i t ve illrer the r t e . it. The Ptak" sesseasesede that min the ces e Ll of load MUM hlisided ts the isghblere no Moil vete be reseed. The Osimial pp Ihisis im osuld p as will with dr inhednia. hod, tad gad. gad Mere in ter: b is crealegi amok al • geessemat a r e al es ad Red Y lslam et the lglintere was 'managed that the Illsgagew•Gmerars speech would be esialogsly waded Sari gamiliatary, in seder that the Mums algid be asidd menineusly ; but it was believed than • dim edspradent •21 dateswited Mad "east at once be taken by the l membas. AUNTRALIAN CollX2ll22.—The following statistics reepeeting the imports sell exports into end from South Australia for the lest snorter of 1861, are tarn from an Adelaide papa. The statistics were not published by the Imal government before May, 1832. The quarter to which these swathe refer immediately preceded the greet &pm sios at Adelaide as account of the gold fever. Total ia• Pieter 1642741. lee. • imports re-exported, 18,6011. 14s. ; tow exports, 163,380/ 14e. ; experts produced in the colony, 134,8791. The following are the principal item:— Imports Beer and cyder, 11,6621 ; cutlery, 69671 ; drapery, 61,0024 ; Iron, 4,1491. 10e.; sugars, 11,6331. ; tea, 2,11491. • wine, 3,4271. fie.; deals, 11,1121. 108.; sundry maattfetures, 3,4641. 13e. Esparta— Hones, 1,740/. ; wheat and dour, 26,9641 ; motallie copper, 47,1121 ; ooPra sad lead ores, 20,0701. ; wool, 37,7781. Tea JzzgET RTFL2 CLUB bat &aniseed the Southampton aide Club to shoot at a target. The chal lenge has been accepted ; sad it la proposed by the latter dub that pma the mak shall awe of on Tuesday eat at Sostiaa. THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 29, 1852. FRANCE. PAM Torasoar Imortao. The Cauca it MOM amisiolded this mining for die des tell Iss 11111 Nair of the day Jost pn • tithe put ossasorrs with re. to which has boa on bray are to be Wall do o r inridtiog their oonsidera, doe pet:l4 Important is a hill fee segu in Paris, which I stated =ay had boa bid before them. The draft of asisolus consultants Ste settling the oonatitution of A is a mere matter of routine, the con- Aileen of 1832 having excepted Algeria from its psovilloas and reserved power to the &nate to porno ea orgooio law to define the relations of that colony . with the executive government. The list comprises drafts of four proposed decrees, authorising the revival or formation of convents and religious association& The flrbt of these recognises SI an establishment of public utility theasso- elation of protestant eaters formed - at Stras bourg under the denomination of "Deaconesses," and approves of its statutes. The others authorise as societies under the management of a Superior Gene ral, the Sisters of the Immaculate Ckniceptiou nt Saint-Moen (Ille-et-Vilaino), the Sisters of St. Martha at Perigueux (Dordogne), and the Sisters of Merry ut Caen (Calvados). The remaining projects of decrees relate to local matters of no general interest. The principal function of the Council of State prior to the coal" (relat was to examine ( with few exceptions) every bill proposed to the legislature, for the purpose of seeing that it was properly worded with reference to its professed object, and that it did not clash with any pre-existing law not intended to be modified or re pealed. In this view the Council of State, composed, as it was, of experienced lawyers in every depart ment of jurisprudence, was a most valuable in stitution, because it effectually checked and corrected that crude and anomalous legislation of which so many instances aro to be found where laws prepared' by private and irresponsible hands are passed by popular assemblies. But now it is difficult to see in what respect tho Council of State dif fers from a board of government clerks, ex empt in the high pay and gaudy liveries of its somber,. They are no longer an independent body of learned men, sitting judicially. unbiassed by poli tical feeling, for the purpose of maintaining harmony la the laws. But they are • sot of dependent fume , generics, interposed between • despotic exc eed's and a mock parliament, for the pur pose of veiling despotism, and giving a colour able sanction to measures which they arc ordered to register, or to put into form. It sounds ppiandly when it is said that a measure has been sent lien tothe Corps Legislatif from the Council of State, awl people are apt to forget that the one body has PO sore initiative than the other. With reg.rd to those measures which it is thought fit to call de crees rather than laws, it depends entirely upon the caprice of the executive whether they are laid before the Council of State or not. If there were any such thing as a rule upon the subject, the decree restraining the amalga mation of mining companies—one of far more impor tance than the majority of those now before the Council of State, would assuredly have been sub mitted to that body before it was promulgated. The bets aro now in favour of the 10th of De cember as the day for the proclamation of the empire, and it is said that the Corps Legislatif will meet about the 25th or 26th of November. But all this is conjecture. The President does not give those most in his confidence any materials for guessing what ho is going to do. He delights in disappointing expectation, and particularly dislikes being thought to act upon advice. More than ever ho justifies a mot of M. de Moray, "The President is a statue which will not stand upon any pedestal." Abd.el-Kader arrived in Paris to-day. Part of the suspension bridge of Roche Bernand Morbihan has been carried away by a hurricane. Circulation is interrupted. At the Bourse the Pour-end-a-Half per Cents. fell 65, and closed at 106; the Threes fell 30, and closed at 81.80. The old Orleans railway shares rose 80fr. and the new 60; Havre rose 21.25; Strasbourg, 20; Lyons, 6.25; Bordeaux and Tests, 6; St. Germain fell 15; Lyons and Avignon and Dieppe, 10 each; St. Dialer and Gray, S. ITALY. TWO SICILI ES. The Bing of Naples, who left his capital on the 27th alt., has loon visiting tho provinces of Basili cata, al * brio, and other parts of his domiui ona . H e is expatited to proceed to Messina in the course of his tour. The Official Journal of the Two Sicilia of the 20th contains a list of pardons and commutations of punish ment, granted by the King of Naples to a large num ber of political offenders. Seven persons condemned to death have had their punishments commuted into various periods of hard labour. One sen tence of 28 years hard labour is commuted into exile. Forty sentences of hard labour for various periods have been considerably reduced t four of the persons in this category have been pardoned. Pro ceedinss against 720 persons, 4 of whom are in prison, to he judged by the tribunal of Cosenza, are stopped. Others, against 878 political prisoners, 40 of whom are in prison, to be tried by the tribunal of Catanzaro are stopped, as also thoso against 292 comm un i s t s , one of whom is in prison. Among the names of the prisoners, we find those of Antonio Scittloja, Silvio Spacents, Don Domenico Savri, Don Raphael Ar nedos, Don Francesco de Rose Ninno, &c. BELGIUM. The liberal and protectioniet journals concur in stating that M. H. de Bronckere i who was sent for by the King, has declined to re-u ndertake the task of forming a new ministry. SPAIN. We have Madrid journals of the 22nd. The Queen has authorised the soldiers of the class of 1845 to be discharged at the beginning of the year. On her visit to the works of the canal for conveying water to the capital, the Queen was received with great en tbusiasm by the populations on her route, and triumphal arches were erected in her honour. The Marquis de Benalua, Spanish Minister at Berlin, had arrived in Madrid. it is stated in a letter that the Cortes will meet at the end of November, and that the hall of meeting is undergoing the necessary repairs. GERMANY. Letters from Visanaand Munich, the two centres of the anti-Prowl= sweliment keystone affairs, re the probability or on aggradmatien of the northern and southern IMMO on Se sabiest of the Zollverein. No meednp ot the ileimpleile the Vienna confe rences had been hold es In es the 24th instant. The Berlin proliminery elation, which commenced on the Mk, poNSiall with no excitement what ever. The inellielr &bias& in a body. The re sult of the pales was the election of 1,300 persons, who will have II tan to elect the deputies to the chamber. The ministry, it is expected, will be in a decided majority. The Frankfort co respondent of the Augtbwrf Oct ant& revives the story of Louis Napoleon's projected marriage with the Princess Vasa, and states that the diMealties which opposed themselves to its realisa tion ore rapidly disappearing. The Emperor has writen to M. de Kempen, In !prearr-Onewal of Gendarmes, a letter expressing hn high Whaled= with the manner in which he has Balled the We of organising that body. The Austrian gmedwinede are now, the Emperor says, a meet Mint seeps. For his pains M. de Kempen resolves the air of the iron crown of the first clams. BERLIN, Oar. 28. inethabers and Baden have at length nominated their plenipotentiaries for the Vienna conferences, whisk sea now be opened with a full assemblage of the mmiessid mates. The Trossachs &Qom?. cures- Minitwrites, " oa the best authority" u he assures negotiation between the great powers have been emeieaced with a view to coming to an understand ing es the Tollverein question. But I have reason to abide by what I formerly wrote concerning Austria's plans. The dangers to which I formerly pointed will become even the more imminent, if it prove true, that, as the Vienna Catholic party asserts, the Emperor of Russia has declared that he will not ris's intention of interposing the federal he the settlement of the ZoUverein ques tion. Vaunt Thun left Vienna on the 22nd instant, for the MOM of resuming the presidency of the Frank- The provincial Chamber in the Bavarian Palati nate having energetically remonstrated against the government's seceding from the Prussian Zollverein, the Munich cabinet, in order to repress similar ex pressions of popular feeling in other parts, has decreed that provincial assemblies, being convened for local matters, are not authorised to climbs' affairs of state policy; the government commissioner at Ansbach consequently refused to let a motion be dis cussed which alluded to the Zollverem's affairs. The ducal family of Anhalt Coethen having . be coins extinct, the government reverts in joint right to the I)ukes of Dessau and Bernburg. The latter it is said, has sold his right for an annuity of 3,0001,, and the government of Coethen will consequently be entirely amalgamated with that of Deism DErEwcr.s or GUERNeET.—A large quantity or warlike stores has bees landed at the Island of Guernsey this week. Amongst them are some 24-poaader !turnstile, alp 16 light 9-ponaders with their carriages. T tIRK EY.- We read in tho Moniteur of yesterday : Letters from r.mstantinople of the 15th announce that the Porte has decidedly refold the rat.lication of the loan which wan negotiated seats weeks since in London and in Paris. This account is the only one which is exact among those which hare been in elmlation on the stair during the last few days. THE CASE OF THE MAMA!. TO Till IDITOR Or TUE TWIT KIWI. SIR,—A short time since I forwarded to you for publication a translation of two important documents connected with the trial and sentence of Francesco and Rosa Medial, who are now undergoing their sentence in the prisons of Tuscany for the so-called crime of " impiety." I now propose, with your permission, to make a few observations upon that case, in the course of which I think I shall bo able to show that these excellent persons have not only been cruelly and unjustly punished, but that their sentence is mani festly illegal, and in clear violation of Tuscan law. The crime of which the Madiai have been con victed is termed " impiety ;" but it appears from the documents which I forwarded to you, and which have been published under the sanction of the law officer of the Tuscan government, that, so far from their being guilty of any " impiety," the only crime proved against them was, teaching their maid ser vant to read the Bible, whereby she became a con vert to Christianity. The sentence of the Royal Court describes this young woman as being " little more than 20, and destitute of religious instruction," which one would think might have been accepted as an excuse for the seal of the Medial, men by a Tus can court ; but it seems that the " pure gospel" is in its judgment so much worse than absolute Hea thenism, that the Royal Court of Florence solemnly " declares that it is established that im piety has been committed by Francisco and Ron Madiai, by means of proselytism to the so-called evangelical confession, or of the pure gospel," to the " damage and disgrace of the catholic religion," dominant "in the Grand Duchy." This is the "im piety" of which the Madiai have been convicted, and for which they have been sentenced, the husband to Zati months' imprisonment in the House of Forced Labour at Volteria, and the wife to 43 months' im prisonment in the Ergastolo, or house of Correction. This is the sentence which was affirmed, on appeal, by the Supreme Court of Causation of Florence, and which his Imperial and Royal Highness the Grand Duke has several times refuicd to remit or commute, alleging that it is a point of conscience with him that the law shall take its course. It is not surprising that so unjust and cruel a sentence should have roused the indignation of Europe against the perpetrators of so foul a deed, or that the sympathies of every humane mind should be power fully excited on behalf of those two Christians, whose and patience under their sufferings have e cq ur ae li ffe e d their piety and deyo:ion. It is to the honour of our country that the proposal made by Sir Culling Eardloy to the Protestant Al liance should have been so readily responded to, and that England should have sent out a deputation con sisting of men of high rank, to bo joined by others equally distinguished from other countries, to inter cede with the Grand Duke for the liberation of these two Christian confessors. We must not, however, cherish any great confidence as to the result of this interpration, knowing as we do the origin of the prosecution, that it was instigated by the pints, and carried on, there is reason to believe, under the direct sanction of the Court of Rome. But whatever may be the result of this deputation, one course will be still open to us—via., to expose the cruelty and injustice of these proceedings to the indignation of the world, andthus to shame than who have hitherto proved themselves to be deaf to the voice of justice and humanity. It would be quite superfluous at this time of day to argue that this cruel sentence is opposed to natural justice and the most sacred rights of mankind. To your readers, thank God, the propositiod,will appear self-evident. It is, however, an instructive fact that the Royal Court of Florence actually attempt. to justify the sentence, as a measure of Joliette. liberty and religious toleration, " and, in sword mince with the opinions of t he most illustrious writers." We may now understand in what sense it was that Paul Cullen publicly stated in Dublin, in the course of the last year, that the church of Ro me,i or the Pope, had always been the friend of religious liberty! I will now proceed to show that this sentence is grounded on a palpable violation of Tuscan law, and that the forms of justice have been prostituted, in order that these two Christians might be offered up as a sacrifice upon the altar of priestly bigo and intolerance. The sentence is altogether illegal, try and a disgrace to a civilised community, as will appear by a short examination of the case. The royal court, after declaring that " it is establisbn that impiety has been committed by Pressen* and Rosa Medial by means of proselyties to the so-celled evangelical confession, or of the pure gospel," refers to the law under which the parties are condemned in these terms :—" And, whereas, the crime of impiety, by means of prosely tism, is manifestly contemplated in the last portion of the 80th article of the national law of the 30th of November, 1780, and it is to be repressed by punishment, never less than what is termed exem plary," and it then proceeds to award punishment, as provided by that law. We ere thus referred to the 60th article of the Leopoldine law of 1788, for a definition of their crime. This article is in these terms : "Whosoever, with an impiotui intent, shall due to profane the divine mysteries, by disturbing the sacred functions with violence, or shall otherwise commit any public im piety, and who shall teach publicly maxims contrary to our holy catholic religion, towards which we have always nourished, and will perpetually nourish, our constant love and seal, we will that he, as a disturber of the order by which society itself is ruled and maintained in tranquillity, shall be punished with the greatest and most exemplary rigour, never with less punishment than public labour, for a term or for life, according to the circumstances of the case." This law embraces three classes of offences, every one of which is of a public nature. 1. Disturbing the sacred functions, with violence; ' 2. Committing any public impiety; and 3. Teaching publicly maxims contrary to the catholic religion. There is not a word in the whole of this article about the crime of proselytism. Nor is it pretended that the Madiai have done anything to bring them selves within either of the first two clauses. But it is said that " the crime of proselytism is manifestly contemplated in the last portion of the article, which forbids any one to "teach publicly maxims contrary to our holy catholic religion." Now it is manifest that the publicity of the teaching is of the very essence of the offence , and, for all that ap pears by this law, the private teaching of the maxims referred to is no crime. The Royal Court of Florence and the Supreme Court of Camden however, think otherwise, f or th e y h ave d ec id e d t h at the pri vate teaching of a maid servant by her master and mistress in a private house, is a "teaching pub licly" within the of iho above-cited article of the Leopoldine law. Tama courts do not appear to lure been at all emburesed by the neten.l sity of holding that a private teaching in a private house is • teething "publicly." They get over the difficulty in this way. They say that "publicity" is of two kinds, "true publicity, or publicity proper," and "publicity improper." The former exists where actions are done in a public place; and the latter, where actions, though done in pi- I vate, "have become extensively divulged, and have occasioned grave scandal." 'the court informs us that the conduct of the Madiai " became so public, and produced so much public witudal, that the local parish priest conbilered it his duty to give notice thereof to the superior ecclesia►tical authority;" and thus it was that their private teaching in their pi vato house became a " teaching" publicly, so as to render them liable to imprisonment with hard la bour for 56 and 4:5 months respectively. Like the wolf in the table, the court says to its victims, "If it was not public, it was private; it is all one ; you must go to a loathsome prison, and after four or five ,yeas' incarceration, you will learn the true nature of religious liberty as it is understood by the Holy Roman Church and the Tuscan courts, in accordance with the opinion of the most illustrious writers." I need add nothing to show the atrocity of this sentence, but 1 would ask, in conclusion, what is the duty of the British public in reterence to this case? If a heathen once caid, .Nihil !turndown a me aliening& puto," how much more should we, as Christians, be ready to show our synipathy with these prisoners, and to "remember think that are in bonds, us bound wi'h them ?" The deputation which has been sent out by the Protestant Alliance, will no doubt do all that is in their power; but is not something more necessary and proper to be done? What is our government about? The King of Pres- Ills, with au earnestness of purpose which does him honour, has sent out a special ambassador (Count Arnhim Blumberg) to Flounce, to intercede with the grand duke, and to support the deputation ; why should not our government do the same? Lord Derby may rest assured that in no other way could ho exercise his high functions wilt greater acceptance to the British public; and there cannot be a doubt, that, if such a proposal were made, it would meet with the fullest approbation of our gracious Sovereign, who so worthily represents the magna nimity and benevolence of her people. I am, sir, your faithful servant, JAMES COOK EVANS. 17, Southampton-buildings. DEATH OF THE ABBE GIOBERTI. Intelligence has reached London that the Abbe'. Gioberti, whose prominence in Italian politics during the years 1847 and 1818 our readers will not hare forgotten, hue just died at Paris at the age of 45, of a fit of apoplexy. Giobcrti was for a time President of the Council of the cabinet of Charles Albert, and in ISI9 represented the present King of Sardinia at Pane. e find the following details of his career in the volume entitled " Men of the Time : " Vincentio Gioberti was burn in 1503. lle drat attracted attention about 1841, when he was deprived of his profes ' sor's chair of Moral Philcsophy at Turin by the influence of the Jesuits, who found fault with the boldness and originality of hismetaphysical theories, though in the main they were those of Iteismiio, the foremost philosopher of modern Italy. Deprival of his income aed debarred from professional advancement, he did not succumb and sink into hopeless obscurity. Cetfe tete vat une puissonee,were the words of Mirabeau ; and Giuberti felt within bars powers and cap.,bilities which convinced him that, single-handed, he was more than a match fur any aggregate to mediocri ties arrayed against him. He ion 1 urns In the uncontrolled guidance of the fathers, and sought out a free resting. place, exclaiming, in the words of Tully, Miba, et uhi inreneta liberans eivitatent in ea conquiateam. He fixed his abode at Brussels, sat down to his desk, and shwk all Italy with his pen. His first volumes, printed at Brus sels, treated of the pre-eminence and claims of Italy in all the walks of science, art, war, and industry (del promato, ' ate.) ; these had an enormous circulation in the Peninsula, though prohibited by the same influence which had ousted him from his chair. But though such dragons can keep watch and debar access to chairs and pulpits, the printing press is not to be withheld from the suitorship of intellect ; and having touched a chord which vibrated through every Italian heart, Gioberti followed out his inductions by a powerful appeal to his fellow-countrymen to drive out the Germans and repossess their own land, freed from the footsteps of the Vandal. Here the Jesuits were again at work in denouncing and suppressing his book. He followed up the blow by a direct attack on themselves as obstacles to improvement, and as so many agents of Austria. This volume is entitled " Prolegomena," and raised a perfect hur ricane in the Peninsula. Father Curd, a Neapolitan Jesuit, published a volume in reply, well written and even witty, but it fell unnoticed. It only served as a puff to the original work, inasmuch as the walls of Modena, Turin, and Naples were placarded with the "Risposta a Gio. berti " when nobody was allowed by the censorship to read the book inculpated, and hence its clandestine demand be came still more considerable. The upshot of his writings was to prepare the mind of Italy for the death of Gregory, which he foresaw would necessarily be the signal for an outbreak. In the system propounded by Gioberti, from his first work to hie last, Ital was called on to form a rand federative union, with t he Pope as president. This idea caught the religious as well u the political mind of the people and was the watchword of all subsequent move. merits. Upon the accession of Pius IX, and the resolve of the King of Sardinia to enter upon a constitutional career, I Gioberti was called into prominence. He became an ad viser of the crown, we. enrolled, and even elected Presi dent of the Chamber at Turin. In the spring of 1848 he was deputed to visit the Pope, and cement acordial feeling between the two potentates. The influence he exercised at this time in Italy may be inferred from a few lines found is a letter dated Rome, May 28, 1848 : " Gioberti is here, and is nightly surrounded by the Romans. For the last three evenings he has been obliged to come forth on the balcony and address an enthusiastic crowd, who hang on every word, and believe him inspired. The scene is most picturesque. Two attendants stand on each side of the orator, holding out large torch-lights, which illuminate his anuatestanso and part of the auditory beneath. He republicanism, and exhorts the Ratans lirni t = ft n s the pontiff and illy round his vene rable throne. In this he has been most successful, and has treated quite a session in favour of Pio Nono, whose popu larity required ashes an aid than Gioberti could bring to the rescue." Whys the hollowness of the pseudo-liberal Pope had been proved, Gioberti, who loved the church (which la all his warfare he had forborne to assail) yet more than elm kw*, saw his hopes of liberal government under aprantlff drinnyed, and his system fell into con tempt. He has since occupied a private station. THE MADILL Fatimr.—The following letter was received in Edinburgh on Friday :—" Foreign-office, Oct. 20, 1862.—Sir,—I am directed by the Earl of hfalmesbury to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 16th in stant, forwarding a memorial adopted at a public meeting of the inhabitants of Edinburgh, end praying that her Majesty would interpose in the behalf of the Medial family, now suffering imprisonment in Tuscany on account of their religions opinions ; and I am to state to you in reply, that the parties in question not being British subjects, her Ma jesty's minister at the court of Tuscany cannot interfere oficially in their behalf. Sir Henry Bulwer has, however, been instructed to give every assistance that he can unoffi cially afford to the deputation which has proceeded to Flo rence with the view of interceding with the Grand Ducal Government in favour of the Medial family.-1 am, Ac., Nichol, Esq., 9, North Bank-street, Edin bamh." WHITTINGTON CLUB CONCEBTS.—Tho first of a aeries of concerts to take place at this institution was given last evening. The general programme ennounoes instru mental 'performers on the violin, violoncello, flute, and concertina, but last evening the only instrument brought Into requisition, of course in addition to the piano, was the concertina. The artists were Messrs. J. and U. Care, F. Bertioli, and Miss Case, and they played ten or three pieces with considerable taste and skill. The programme also included several songs, ballads, duets, and trios. The room, which contains several hundreds, was well filled, and the performances appeared to give general satisfaction. DR. WARNEFORD'II ADDITIONAL ENDOWMENTS TO TIII QUEEN'S COLLEGE, BIRKINGGA I(.—ThaL great philanthropist has just paid over to his trustees, the Rev. Chancellor Law, the Rev. Vaughan Thomas, William Dickens, Esq., and William Sands Cox, Esq., the muni ficent sum of 2,00 W., one moiety of the annual income arising from the same as an endowment of the " Professor of Clerical Literature " for the time being of the said col lege, who shall be duly qualified to instruct the students of the said college, both in the senior and junior departments thereof, in the Greek and Latin languages, according to the schemes of Instruction laid down and adopted by the council and committees of council of the college, and carried out under the superintendence of the Rev. the Warden, and more particularly to instruct the students of tho Theological Department in such a knowledge of those languages as is necessary for reading sad understanding the Iloly Scrip tures in the original Greek, or in the Greek and Latin ver sions; and the other remaining moiety of the an nual income as an endowment of the Professor of Arts and Sciences for the time being of the said college, who shall be duly qnalifltd to instruct the students of the said college, both in the senior and junior departments thereof, in pure and mixed mathematics, natural philosophy, and such other branches of art and science as are required by the schemes of instruction laid down and adopted by the council and committees of council of the said college, and carried out under the superinten dence of the Rev. the Warden, with a view to fit and prepare such students for obtaining the certificates of the college, and the rank and degree, or diploma, of Bachelor of Arts in the said college, in order thereby more effectually to carry out the objects of the said college, with reference to the preparation of the students in the theological depart ment thereof. Dr. Warneford's endowments to the medi cal, arts, and theologica4 departments of the college now mut to 2•10901. Vte Court. WINDSOR, Oar. 2S. The following had the honour of dining with her Majesty yesterday: The Prince and Princ, I Outdone Laagenburg, this Princess Adelaide and Prince Herm , nn of Hohenlohe, tho Earl of Malinesbury, and the Va.t .uut Harding, Prince Albert, accompanied by Prince IL rm sin of Ilehenlohe, went out hunting this forenoon, uttend,d 1, 1 ,. Lieut.-Colnnel F. H. Seymour. The Earl of blahnesbufy heft the Castle this marling f )a. Louden. A deputation from the L Loud of Health of Dews bury had an intervi. w 1. sterday with the Gcnorai Board of health, at their office, Whitehall, with respiet to the supply of water to the above-named district. 1 lic deputation (who w. re nttended by the Engineer to the I. .cal Board, Mr. Hanger) consisted of Mr. Johu Tweedide (the Cbsirreae nC I the L c.l Board), Mr. Thomas Cook, M r. J ames Howell, and Mr. Benjamin th.y. Mr. Henry Clue, M.P., had an interview wi:b Mr. Si erioary Walpole yesterday at the Ilenne•olllem General Campbell had an interview with fair ;Art PIP kinirton yesterday at the (7olo,tial• , ,flica, The Finance Committee of the Royal Commission t.r the Exhibition of Iti i 1 ILI t at at. Palace of Westmiest..r at four o'cluck "'esti relay alternoor, Sir William Cuhitt in the chair ; Mr. T. F. Gibson, Sir Alexander Spearman, and Mr. Dowries (Secretary), attended. Ili .patches from the Governor of Malta were received yesterday at the Colonial-oMee. A Cabinet Council WWI held yesterday afternoon, at the Foreign-office. Tlor n l 11l eters prescut were; —The Earl of Derby, the Lord Chancellor. the Earl of Lonsdale, the Marquis of sali,bury , Nlr. Stun. tarp Walpole, the Earl of Malmesbury, Sir Jo Pakint i ton, the Chancellor of the Esenequc•r, Duke of Northumberland, the Jtight lion. J. W. Henley, the Earl of Hardwicke, the Right lion J. C. Herries, and Lord John Manners. The council sat three hours. We hear that the addreto will Le moved in the 110114 C of Lord, by the Marquis of 133 th, and v.ill be seconded by the Earl of I)onoughtnore.-3/miAttri l l paper. ROBBERIES ON THE MIDLAND RAILWAY. TUESDAY, Ocr. 2G.—The two prisoners, Derma and Delateuebe, the particulars of whom, aptork-u -sion and first examination before the insulate:in a have already appearia, w• re again brow ..ht up to day. Mr. Skinner, of the Wes•ern Cirr•u•', instruited by Mr. Aildi-on, solicitor, of Gloomier, appeared fur the mosecution, and the prisoner., as before, were defended '4 Mr. Done and Mr. Crosby. The police court was erowil,d during the examination. It will be nby the subjoined particulars that so cleverly have the different robberies bean arranged that it was necessary for the prosecution to hue Delatouthe discharged and bring him forward as a Wi!Delli against the other prisoner Dernat ; and in ord, r to convict th,. letter the company will be put to a very beaey exper.e. Mr. Skinner having detailed to the bench the guts of tho case much as they have already appeared, called Mr. Josiah Blunt, who pro►ed ferwarilit.g by tee Midland Railway sewing silk and silk twist, to the value of 38., to Mr. Lindrea, of Bristol. The twist produtx•d had their privai.e mark on it at the bottom of each reel, but the same would be the ease with all twist sect iron! ;heir esta blishment. The sewing silk was of the same description as that packed fur Mr. Linares. William Spickett, clerk to Mr. Bland, agent of the Mid land Railway, proved the receipt of the package at Begot at nine o'clock on the morning of the 20:h of Septenaer. It was then in good condititm, and had no ap;a_arance of having been opened. It was missed the same earring. The prisoner D..rretes house was immediately opp,,ite sta tion; it was a beer shop, and they sold grocery. In crow. examination the witness said he would not swear complaints had not been made of packages delivered from the railway having been fouod opened. Claims were made on the Midland Company, and not on the Gavot. The evidence a Delatouche was to the effect that he got the silk Irom the prisoner Derrett on Wtduesday, the 20th of October. At the time he was ill in bad, but he gat tap and went down stairs to Laren. The latter raid " Shut the door," and produced a parcel of silk. which, as be said, the witness, being a taii:or well known among the trade, might go and sell, and it would do goad for both of them. Ile added, " You nted not be afraid, for, by my God, I paid ready money for this ; I came by it es tt, restly as ever I came by anything in my life." ii, also maid witness could have 20/. more of it if he liked, and he farther &sin,' him to say it was part of his own stock. flu received it every bit from Derrett in one parcel. Oa crow-examination the witness admitted that he had twice been committed to take his trial for felony, but he had been acquitted on both occasions. Mr. Skinner here intimated that he was afraid, altliouvh there could be no doubt on the subject, that actual L videncs of identity was scarcely sufficiently clear. lie would, therefore, proceed with the charge relative to the package of knives, which it will be remembered was found ir. the prisoner's house on its being searched. Witnesses were called who showed that a parcel of knives had been ordered of a house in Sheffield, by Messrs. Hallam and Gillett, of Yeovil. They were forwarded by the Midland Railway, and traced to Bristol, where they were lost sight of. Sums of the best knives, by desire, had Messrs. Hallam and Gillett's names marked on them, and umong the knives 1 found at Derrett's house were a number so marked, and which, when discovered by Summers, the detective officer, the prisoner said he had had in his ps.ssosion a twelve month. Mr. Wilkinson, the company's superintendent, said the witnesses as to identity in this case were not in attendance. They had to come from very long distances, and (messages bad been despatched by the electric telegraph to Leeds, Pontypool, Sheffield, l'lymouth, and various parts of Somersetshire. The company had done everything in their power to get the witnesses here, but owing to the distances it could not be accomplished for a day or two. They might be there that night or the next morning. Mr. Dens elicited that the prisoner's house was fre quented by several parties in the employ of the Midland Company. Under these circumstances Mr. Skinner said ho svis in structed to apply for a further remand. The magistrates said they had no doubt on the subject, and remauded the prisoners till Friday next. SHIPWRECK AT RAVEL—The Precurseur, of 111 tone burden, Capt. Roquette, with • crew of seven men, was assailed on Mond• afternoon by violent north-wot winds, just off Havre. She attempted to enter the port, although a red flag was hoisted on the pier to indicate that no vessel could enter. On arriving at the end of the northern pier, some one cried to the captain to steer fee Honfieur. Although he did not know the dangirs of the coast, and bad no pilot on board, he followed the advice. In so doing be committed • great imprudence, es the en. trance into port, though against the regulations, would have been attended with tar less danger. lie mameuvred, with the intention of standing off, but the violence of the wind and the current was such that the ves sel was driven on shore near the Poulier du sud, between the first two ports. The crew rushed to the deck, and with every mark of despair uttered loud cries for help. Several persons heard then from the shore, but it was impossible to render assistance. All at once the vessel went to piece'', and • cry of horror arose from the spectaton. The whole crew were swallowed up in the waves. Cords and ladders were let down from the forts by different persons, and by means of them two of the crew were rescued ; the captain and the other five were drowned. The rescuing of one of the men was a matter of great difficulty, as after twice seizing • rope he was washed away. The life-boat pat of, but could not reach the wreck. Five of the dead bodies were subsequently picked up. The cargo consisted of wino and spirits, and 93 casks were got on shore. The Jnorrial du Havre rays that one of the two men rescued died after wards from exhaustion. AN IRISH SLATE QUARET.—Iip to it we go, tinder the guidance of the overlooks r, as soon as he has measerri a block of slate with the marked rod he carries in his hand. lle is a Welshman—from Bangor—the only person meg the hundred and twenty about the works who is not Irish. Is it really so ? we ask, when we are in the quarry. There is nobody there—not one man or boy among all 11100 groups —who can properly be called ragged. Many bars holes in their clothes ' but all have clothes—realganneetS instead of flapping tatter,, hung on, nobody knows boo. Another thing. These people are working steadily and gravely. If spoken to, they answer calmly, and with an fair of independence—without vociferation, cant. tottery. or any kind of passion. Yet these people are all Irish : and Chu speak as they do because they arc indepen dent. They have good work, and they do their work well. They earn good wages; and they feel independent. These are the people who, in famine time, formed a middle clue between the few proprietors in the island and the many paupers. The receivers of relief, we have said, were two thousand two hundred. The proprietors and their families were two hundred. These work-people and their families were the remaining six hundred. They look Like people who could hold their ground in a season of stress. This quarry was their anchorage. What a noble place it is! We climb till we find ourselves standing on the upper tramway, or the verge of a precipice of slate, with a rough wall of slate behind us—of all shades of grey, from white to black, contrasting well with the orange lino of the iron mould caused by the drip from the roof upon the tramway ; but the ceiling is the most prodigious thing about the plate. It is, in sober truth, in its massiveness, greyness, sranothscw, and vastness somewhat like the granite roof in the great chamber in the great Pyramid. It take' away one's breath with something of the same crushing feeling. And then, look at the groups clustered or half-hidden :in this enor mous cavern. liow small every one looks—the men with the borers and mallets, making holes for the blasting; the men with the wedges and mallets, splitting of great blocks: some on shelves high up over head ; some in cupboards far within ; 1100341 in dark crevices in the mighty walls ! Knock. knock, knock go the mallets, with an echo following out knock—far, near, ineessent; and the echo cll . the drip heard through all—an echo for every plash.—bieliens's hold Wore." FRENCH REFUGEES IN JERSEY.—M. Roechot, the sergent, who was a member of the French constituent as* sembly which sprung out of the revolution of ISIS, ha taken up his residence in Jersey. M. Sehreleher, th; writer whose work has recently given such offence to the rrendlriteldenti was recently a resident of Jersey. OF Dori lAft