The Express. — London, England, 1853-10-28 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 2R, 1853. int ervirtoo. in the more nogurationable freedom of their indivi dual men. How the children of " the Oesew Powers" TO CORRESPONDENTS. will laugh to scorn the assumptions of Rarepean despots ! Already the Church of Rome beetle to discover that its laity, even seldie they semairits its communion, learn to assert a strange latitude of pri vate judgment when transplanted to Amerlea. The butte will be found to be the cue in Australis. Eng land and America are doing much to develop the commercial resources of the Pacific and its surround ing lands, and wherever English and American trade has penetrated, the English and American energy and love of liberty are rare to follow. Id this growth and closer union of nations using the English tongue rest the best hopes of the world's future pros petity, freedom, and progress. 1 1 10" 1 lifinbcoa 01 " ibs " 7 cod taTein;tie sta. ernstsirs flf"Offarue." wiry Iturisy sad Ynday d4kt, was Ps& Adie-tvisaoralattaded for Ilse Esprefia,*L.-taf a Emord pato*. to. • 4, 0 , 114 IP , Ifouvon•-auvet, by Too on the day of pub:kitbag. 111011 WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. fltl• I)&7—Morels', lOC Is, I :C. .Sen. Ilmoomumw—Morals', 1111.11ka.... 0.. LONDON, FRIDAY. OCTODER 28. At*?•TRALIA has—practically--been brought nearer to England than ever. Yesterday tver,ing the electric telegraph from Plymouth announced the arrival there of the good screw steamship Argo, from Port Phillip, in 61 days' The Argo left Port Phillip on the 24th of August, rounded Cape Horn on the 17th of September, crossed the line on the 7th of October, and reached Plymouth on the 27th, thus beating the Overland Australian Mail. The important* of this intelligence consists in the fact that the Argo has dune on this occasion what good strew steamers can and will perform regularly in future. A screw steamer has made the voyage how Australia to England in about half the time that toed to be occupied in the passage. That is much; but tar more is it to consider that hence forth this will be the normal period of trar sit for letters, newspapers, passengers, and at haat that class of geode whose value bears a tolerably high proportion to their bulk. A sailing vessel is to a great extent at the mercy of winds and currents; a paddle steamer can only put teeth its full pow( re w hen the wind is in one direction ; b u t by the combined use of sails and the screw, a vessel may keep at her highest average speed while the wind blows from thirty points out of the thirty-two. There can be no doubt that the sagacious company which owns the Argo will use every exertion to employ such vessels and adopt such arrangements as will ensure uniformity to their high speed passages, and punctuality in their observance of the times of departure and arrival ; for only by this means can they realise the rich prospect of remuneration for their well. regulated spirit of enterprise that lies before them. The importance of this increased speed and regu larity in our communication with Australia cannot be exaggerated. A venerable seaman of our acquaint ance, yet ells e, has told us that, when a " Middy," leaning one .'ay over the bulwarks of his ship at Portsmouth, he saw a small squadron pan. It was that which carried on board the first batch of con victs sent to Botany Bay. His Captain, who was waking the quarter-deck, approached, and, touching him on the shoulder, said : "Mark these vessels well, and remember them : they are going to lay the foundation of a great empire." Forty years ago—perhaps thirty— the certainty of the fulfilment of this prophecy might appear problematical ; but who can doubt now that it will be fulfilled to the letter ? The boy, whose astonishment at the strange and startling in timation made him remember the words, has sur vived to ice our settlements in the great Australian continent attain to such development and prosperity as render it certain that there will be in time another United States, of English race, at the Anti podes, whose friendship and commerce will be equally important to Gnat Britain with the United States of the northern American continent. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. Already the wool of Australia supplies a moiety of our English manufacturers. Ere long Australia will be as important to our woollen textile manufac turers as the United States are to those of cotton. The gold of Australia is only second in importance, if it is second, to that of California; and as yet the capabi lities of Australia can scarcely be said to have been tested. The great northern table land within or immediately adjoining the tropics has only had a flying view taken of its uttermost border, and is full of promise for the agriculturist. New Zealand will belong to the Australian group of states, and from its position and its superiority in rise to all the other island groups that stud the Pacific must exercise a predominating influence over their future destiny. Rich in internal products, the Australian States will be further enriched by the commerce of the Pacific, the trade with the Spanish Republics in South America, and the English Re public in North America, with Siberia, Japan, China. and the Eastern Archipelago. The English race that has struck root in Australia were warrant enough for such a prophecy ; the English self-reliance, daringly adventurous spirit of discovery and inven tion, and indomitable perseverance it has already manifested, render its future as certain as if the time had already coos round. It is an irresistible human instinct which impels men, when arrived at maturity, to leave the paternal hearth and establish a home of their own. It is with nations and with states as with men. The Anglo- Australians prove themselves true Englishmen by being as fondly and devotedly attached to self-govern ment, as ambitions of independence, as the citizens of Great Britain ow America. Every step taken by this tannery in the development of Australian resources— ' each for example as the achievement of the Ge neral Screw Steam-ship Company which we have been chronicling—accelerates the advent of the time when Australia will take its place on the roll of independent nations, alongside of the parent British State, and the fraternal American State. It is for the interest of this country and of the world that that time should arrive as speedily as possible. Then will indeed be realised the somewhat prema ture boast of CANNING, that • new world has been called into existence to redress the deranged poli tical balance of the old. When we look back to the struggles of Venetians, Genoese, Pisans, and so forth, how pigmy they look beside the mightier struggles of nations like England, France, and the other great eontinen tal powers, in our own days and the days of our fathers. And equally inconsiderable will the struggles of empires, a multiplicity of which could find room in the smallest quarter of the globe, look hereafter in comparison with the great interests agitated among the powers of kindred race which will sway the destinies of both Americas, Australia, Hindostan, further Asia, and the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and islands. Our English statesmen allow the cameras of the little old European continent to occupy a most dis proportionate apace in their imaginations. The day of Europe is past—for a time at least—for we believe not in the ultimate death of nations. The peoples of the continent are at the feet of unworthy despots, whom they are yet too feeble to cast off. Long and 1 protracted will be the throes by which the regenera tion of European society is wrought out; and even when that takes place, Europe, alongside of the' Ocean Powers—of Great Britain, Anglo-America, and Anglo-Australia—will never again be the same exclusively important and dominant Europe that it once was. England has interests to assert in the Old World, and loth should we be to think they were neglected; but Eng land's future greatness and happiness will depend upon the rank she is able to hold in the new political world outside of Europe. The material interests of the great states of English race will far out-measure the material interests of the old states of continental Europe. But an infinitely more valuable distinction, will be the superiority of the new system of states in the wisdom of its axial and civil theories— one of its divisions. It appears that the Turks pro tect themselves on the Bulgarian bank, and keep watch with great vigilance. All along the bank there are posts and sentinels or videttes, with near them a pole, from 15 or. 18 feet high, surrounded with straw or rashes steeped in tar, and distilled to be set on fire in case of alarm. The fires would be lighted in the event ofaatmovement of the Russians, and the signal would spread rapidly on all the line., The videttes shelter themselves under a covering of branches, holding their horses by the bridle, and with their lances stuck up before them. All these videttes belong to the regular cavalry. Besides the poets and the videttes of the bank, there are others on the road, having also signals prepared. This system of vigi lance (says the correspondent) is very well regulated, and things appear to be on a very good footing st Rutschuk. A medical weekly periodical published at Vienna, gives some statements respecting the state of health of the Turkish army on the Danube. The non- European troops, and more particularly the men of colour, suffer much from pleurisy, pulmonary affec tions, diarrhoea, and intermittent fever. The health of the regiments from Itonmelia, Albania and Mace donia is satisfactory. The irregular troops, being the worst clad and fed, are naturally most liable to fall sick. There is no trace of cholera in the Turkish camp. Excepting in Verna, Shumla, Widdin, and Rutechuk, there are no regular hospitals, and as the medical men in the camp are few and far between the cure of the sick is left almost entirely to nature. At Varna there is a chasseur battalion which has been organised by M. Anglers after the model of the Chasseura de Vincennes. This battalion, which is composed entirely of active young men, will, if ne cessary, be employed in the talken. _ _ Letters from Constantinople state that the Rus sians have formed an army of reserve at Redout Kaleh, in Mingrelia, about 40 miles above the Turkish port of Batonn, on the east coast of the Black Sea. The army of Georgia, ordinarily con sisting of about 20,000 men, is under the command of General I)olgornki. A force which it is alleged consists of 20,000 men, has been landed at Point Tschetchen, on Daghestan, and on the Caspian Sea. As this force is to the north of the Caucasus it may serve to give employment to the chiefs of Daghestan, and perhaps of Cir cassia, but it would be extremely difficult to get it across the Caucasus. The only passes worth notice are those of Dariel and Derbent, by Baku. The latter can never be relied on, and is peculiarly unsafe at this season, on account of the mosatain torrents which overflow it; the "former is exposed to the fall of avalanches, and is at certain points so narrow that a comparatively small body of men could defend it against a large force. The Turks expect to be able to blockade both Redout Kale and Sucham Kale. It is computed that with all the Russian reinforcements which have been sent to the Caucasus, the Russian effective army, both north and south of the chain, will fall short of 180,000 fighting men. It is stated that General Guyon, who made so brilliant a figure in the Hungarian war, has been appointed to the army of Armenia ; and Safer Bey, the celebrated Circassian chief, has been permitted to rejoin his companions in arms, and to lead his warlike tribes against the common enemy. Letters from Tauris announce that the Shah of Persia has dissolved the force which had been as sembled at Sultanieh, near the Turkish frontier. the end proposed, namely, the maintenance of the sovereign rights of the Sultan, the only sure basis of the independence of the Ottoman Porte, and con eequantly of the European equilibrium. " The Porte having thought from that time that war alone was consistent with its dig -1 nity, the government of his Majesty the Em peror could not depart from the line of policy traced out for himself from the commence ment. Then, as at the time when the Danubian principalities were occupied, his Majesty concurred in the views entertained by her Britannic Majesty's government. The two cabinets ordered their squa drons to enter the Dardanelles, and by this time they must be anchored in the Sea of Marmora. "Peace is the permanent interest of nations. Pene trated with this idea, the Emperor, on the eve of ascending the throne to which he was called by the voice of the country, gave the solemn assurance that he would concur with all his efforts in the preservation of that peace of which Europe happily enjoyed the benefit. But this peace would evidently want one of it, essential conditions, if it were to cease to have for its basis the equilibrium necessary for the maintenance of the rights and the security of the interests of all. " Such are the considerations which decided the sending the fleet from Toalon to Salamis, and from Salamis to Besika. Such is the motive which will direct the fleet at the new destination it has now received; such is the object which the Emperor's government will not lose sight of, until peace shell be re-established upon the only foundations which can make it profitable and lasting. Such an enter prise was worthy to unite the flags of the two great Western Powers, and worthy to produce the splendid spectacle of a perfect understanding between them in action as in negotiation. If, on the other hand, the governments who lent their aid to the two cabinets in the conference of Vienna do not think it necessary to associate themselves in the maritime demonstra tions made in an interest common to them with France and England, the evidence of this same inte rest authorises us to believe that their neutrality cannot be indifference. If the governments which dispose of material means the fittest to influence the march of events have thought fit to approach the theatre of action, the co-operation of tho two other cabinets cannot be lost for the negotiations which shauld serve to facilitate the solution of the dif ference. " Somany circumstances united in favour of a cause which is that of all Europe permit us to contemplate eventualities with security, and to await the result with confidence." The firm, dignified, temnerate, clear, and compre hensive statement in the Moniteur, invests the Eastern question with a new interest, and must arouse those who may have hitherto remained apathetic, to a sense of its vast importance. In this manifesto of the French Emperor no word is to be found to coun tenance the frivolous arguments which irresponsible writers, to serve a momentary purpose, have been allowed to ventilate in the semi-official prints. Instead of prating like the Constitutionnel about " localised war," the official journal speaks of the " character of universality" which," belonging to the question from the beginning," was made plain to every eye by the occupation of the Danubian Principalities " contrary to the stipulations of treaties." In stead of adopting the miserable suggestion of the Patrie that the fleets left Besika because the weather would no longer allow them to :auxin there, the Moniteur proclaims that the fleets advanced to the Dardanelles because the Porte, after rejecting the Vienna note—a rejection which, after the interpretation put upon that note by the cabinet of St. Petersburg, is approved of by France and England—had declared war against Russia. While the Pan*c affirms that the entrance of the fleets into the sea of ?armors makes " no change in the situation," the Moniteur solemnly announces the fact as a " new phase" of the Turkish question, and points to the splendid spectacle of the two Western Powers now united in " action" as they have been hitherto in " negotiation." And it is clear that the action here ended to cannot be that conditional and limited action which would consist in preventing the Russians from advancing upon Constantinople, or confining them be hind the line of the Balkans. The French govern ment lays down in unmistakeable terms that the Sovereignty of the Sultan, the independence—and not only the independence but the "integrity"—of the Ottoman empire are essential to the maintenance of the balance of power in Europe. That independence, that "integrity," and consequently that balance of power have all been attacked by the invasion of the Principalities. France, acting in unison with Eng laud, now openly pronounces in favour of the injured party and against the wrong-doer, and without as yet declaring war against Russia, announces to the world that the material forces of the two Powers have been sent to the theatre of action, in order that the peace of Europe, which Russia has disturbed, may be " re-established" upon a sure basis. At what precise moment, on what contingency, or in what locality, the fleets are to act, it would be obviously impolitic to declare, bat the object of the " action" alluded to is evident from the context, and Russia is fairly warned that the " material" forces of France and England will not cease from action until she withdraws from the invaded Turkish territory, without her insolent demands having been complied PARIS, TEIMIDAT EVINING. with. If this object can be accomplished without The following is the official °et"' in t h e ih ninwr fighting so much the better. If Russia now, at the on the 'abject of the Fasten crisis, from which I eleventh hour, will give way, the war party," as made some extracts yesterday: the friends of l rarkey are often most unjustly styled, "As has been made known by official documents will be quite satisfied. But there is no escape for the Czar from the dilemma in which his own folly and recently published, the question which for several oe has placed him. He must sustain "a moral months has been open at Constantinople has just = a material defeat." In either case his power entered into a new phase. The Porte considers that will be rendered lees dangerous to civilizatio oforsome in the present state of things negotiations must be time to come. It is but too plain, however, that renounced, and it seems no longer permissible to hope Napoleon 111. has but little expectation that it will that a conflict can be prevented. A declaration of be possible to maintain peace. The article of the • Moniteur says, in the outset, that " a conflict appears war is no rare fact in the life of a people, and this is to be inevitable. In that millet we, as has been not the first time the same rivalries have come into seen, are prepared to take an active part. At all collision on the same ground. The importance and events we stand pledged to see that the struggle the nature of the interests involved in the which, but for our interference, is likely to be long dig wence , affecting, as p er h a p s th e y d o , and terrible, shall end in one result—a result favor the other cabinets of Europe more directly able to our ally the Sultan. We wish for peace, and aim at peace ; but the time has oome when Louis dm France, are only additional reasons for Napoleon thinks it necessary to say that the eon regarding this new turn of affairs in the East with t i nne d peace of which be spoke at B or d eaux equanimity. is not worth having if it can only be "From the very commencement of the crisis his maintained by the sacrifice of the public Imperial Majesty's Government appreciated its int- law of Europe. In contradistinction, there port. It felt that the integrity and independence of fore ' to that undisturbed repose which , he bad hoped to secure to France when be said, L Empire the Ottoman Empire were at stake, and that they c'est la Pain," he now looks forward to a prospeo. could not be compromised without the balance of rive race, the result and the reward of a necessary power, upon which the security of Europe depends, war. The style of the article in the Moniteur is very being serious altered. The occupation of the Danubian much, and I think very justly admired : The sue provinces, contrary to the stipulations of treaties. cinct history of the question is given with singular accuracy, the true points being brought into speedily made apparent to the eyes of all that cues - strong rel i ef in plain unpretending language. rector of universality which belonged to the question It is scarcely to be doubted that the Emperor him from the beginning. self is the author of the composition. Although it has "The cabinets of Europe were deeply moved by this mach fewer ambiguous expressions than are usually found in documents of this kind,thereare not wanting event. Great Britain had already co-operated with us io maritime demonstrations, intended to show the ingenious critics, who pick out various phrases as pregnant with mental reservation. Some, indeed, interest she took, in common with us, in the inde- profess to see in the manifesto the strongest evidence pendence of Turkey. The two governments found that the whole affair is peaceably arranged, for they in those of Austria and Prussia a concurrence which say, " these brave words " would never be used if gave to the negotiations, opened with the view of there were any chance of being called upon to re finding an amicable solution, the European character deem them ' this opinion. I believe the Emperor to be desirous which it was fitting they should have. Thanks to of making—indeed it may to a great extent be said this concert, created by the incontestable community of keeping up—a high character for straight forward of interests between them, the hope of ness and honest dealing with respect to foreign pacific settlement was for some time cc. countries, and I cannot regard as admissible the supposition that when the Mmtteur, in a tertained. It will be remembered that this unity of efforts produced a note in which the it can be to describe the situation cabinets endeavoured, not without having many cri sis i like the present, at length b rea k s sleese, otherwise than it really is. It is this consideration difficulties to get over, to award to each of the be.li- which gives so much importance, not only to what the gercnts, or contending parties, the just part belong- 2lfoniteur now says, but to what it omits to say. You ing to each in the matters in dispute. The inter- will obeerve that there is nothing to confirm the re proration given to this note by one of the parties port that some new note of the Four Powers was speedily accepted , and not a word to show Rely to be caused it to be feared that the common work of the 1 that the government is in *on of any satisfac- L conference of Vienna did not correctly express the tory assurances of neutrality from Austria or Prussia. intention which had dictated it, and did not answer The language used respecting this point, is extremely Another version of the late irruption of Caucasian tribes, led by Schamyl, is also to hand from Persia, the last having been received via St. Petersburg. It is stated that Schamyl led 20,000 mountaineers, and attacked 25,000 Russians in garrison at Zakkataila. The numbers on both sides are evidently exaggerated as usual. The result, however, was clearly in favour of the Caucasians ; the Russian commander was com pelled to send for reinforcements, after losing an immense number of men, and—what Schamyl most needs—guns. After a bloody battle, the moun taineers, observing the usual tactics, withdrew into the unassailable natural fortreas in their rear. The Berlin correspondent of the Cologne Gazette writes on the 23rd that the English ambassador had presented two projects of arrangements, which did not appear to have any chance of success. One of them proposes to submit the decision of the exist ing difference to the Great Powers, and in case of the refusal of Russia, to a sovereign appointed to arbitrate. The second declares that the Four Powers give, by the interpretation of the Vienna note, • complete guarantee to the Sultan that Russia shall not draw from the acceptance of the note the conse quences apprehended by the Porte. It is most likely that the writer has mistaken projects mooted at an earlier stage of the Eastern question for new propositions. The Post Amp Gazette of Frankfort, under date of Vienna, 24th, says: Austria and Prussia have resolved to take advantage of the time which is to elapse before the commencement of hostilities to sake a lest attempt at conciliation with the Dine and the cabinet of Bt. Petersburg. We may add that France, England, Prussia, and Austria have, with 611111=011 accord, drawn up a new project of mediation. Overtures have been made on this subject to the Turkish ambassador, Arif Effendi. The ambassador replied that his instroctions enabled him to declare to the conference, on the part of the Sateen, that there would not be any objection at Constantinople to aceept a diplomatic solution, if the Ottoman Porte would not by so doing compromise its independence end its sovereignty. The lame project was cionununkated to Baron illeyendor ff , who declared that his instracticas did not enable tin to reply categorically, but he promised to refer the matter to his wort. It is hoped here that titeEnsperer Niehoiss wingless satisfactory reply, because it is supposed with MOOR that tie Austrian cabi net would not have gives its onset to such a project if it had thought that the Czar would retest it. FRANCE. guarded, the expressed hope that those powers will concur in bringing about the result aimed at by France and England, being based entirely upon the argument that their own interest will urge them so to do. The assertion at the beginning of the paper assertion made not for the first time—that the interests of France are " perhaps" less directly touched' by the Turco-Russian difference than those of the other cabinets of Europe will not escape the observa tion of diplomatists. There is something, too, worth of special attention in the wording of the parpaph which speaks of the understanding between France ' and England. It is said that when the Principalities were occupied the Emperor's government found itself in accordance with the government of her Britannic Majesty, as it had done on a former occasion. This is susceptible of the interpretation that instead of the entente cordinle existing heartily until the business is finished, there is room for a new deliberation upon the entry into every " new phase" of the question. This construction, howerer, may be an over refinement. The concluding sentence, while clearly pointing to the possibility of serious " even tualities," expresses a manly belief that the result may be awaited with confidence, and encourages the hope that the negotiations now Woken off may hereafter be resumed with effect. At the Bourse the only thing talked of was the note in the Monitiur. A decided fall was expected, but at the commencement of business, purchases for the account to the extent of 250,000 f. rente (an enormous sum) were what is called " discounted," that is to say, the buyers exercised the op tion of having the stock delivered immediately instead of on the day of the settlement. Their vendors having sold on speculation were compelled to buy in the market, and thus a factitious rise was produced. As soon as the effect of this operation was over the prices receded, and the Threes closed at 72fr. 35c., being 30c. lower than yesterday. A forged note for 100 fr. has been presented for payment to the Bank of France. Cardinal Wiseman hasjuat arrived at Marseilles on his way to Greece. COMMENCEMENT OF HOSTILITIES AND ILROPE►N TELIGRAPH.) PARIS, FRIDAY MORNING. The Monileur says the government has rt. ceived the following telegraphic despatch from the French - - at Bucharest, dated the 25th of October : " Two Russian steamers and eight gun-boats forced a passage on the Da nube on Sunday, the 23rd, and encountered a smart fire from the fort of Isactchs, situated on the right borders of the ricer between Reni and Ismail. The Russians had a lieutenant-colonel, commanding the flotilla, three officers, and 12 sailors killed, and about N wounded. They allege that they set fire to the fortress of Isactcha." COPY OF AN ORDER OF THE ORAND VIZIR, TO BB SUDS PUBLIC TO TUB INKABITANTA OF CONETANTIXOPLI, EYOUB, SCUTARI, AND OALATA. The acceptance of the propositions, as made by Rus sia, and which are known to all the world, relative to the religious privileges, would not only hare been an infringe. meat of t h e sovereign rights and independence of the Ottoman Empire, but would be the immediate source, as also, in the future, of all sorts of prejudices—from which God preserve you Rani& has assumed a menacing atti tude by making such immense preparations for war. As regards the Sublime Porte, whilst taking on its side meanies of precaution and defence, by sending troops to the Imperial frontiers, to Anatolia, and Roumelia, it has at the same time,in compliance with its system and pacific principles, exhausted all the meanie' negotiation,aud proposed a mode rate arrangement,and made every effort for the preservation of peace--at all times a cherished and sacred object—but ell was of no avail ; and finally the Russian army crossed the Petah, and has invaded the provinces of Moldavia and Wallachia, hereditary provinces of his Majesty the Sultan. Notwithstanding this state of things, the Sublime Porte had recourse to intermediation, with a view to reconcilia tion, in the interest of the maintenance of peace, but it has not bees possible; and, in consequence, a National Council was convoked by the Porte on the 22nd and 23rd of the month of Zelludge, composed of the Sisirs, Cseerkers, Ulemas, military chiefs, and other functionaries, and the question was examined in all its bearings. It being clear and evident that as the Court of RUSSIA declines to accept an arrangement to which the Sublime Porte can adhere W rueful *elution of these differences is not possible Ming known to all the world that it was Russia who Melee& all the treaties by invading the Ottoman terri ers,' mud the promulgation of such • state of things hew hentful, it was unanimously decided to place our anildem• in divine aid, and in that of our Holy Prophet, to unsellake war, and order the troops to move. This decision of the council was confirmed by a fens of the Sheik.ul-Islam, a fetes which it was thought proper to put into execution; and a report to that effect having been laid at the foot of the throne for the orders of the Sultan, the decision of the general council was sanctioned by • Hatti.Sherif, and the whole made known to the Caserken of the divisions of the army in Roman and Anatolia, and to all the inhabitants of the empire, by the publication of firma'. Therefore, you also will convene the Imams of the districts, sad you will say to them that as it is Russia which gave rise to this affairs and that as it is on her that the responsibility will fall, they must Wee prayers to the God of Battles for the triumph of Ms Sublime Porte and of the imperial troops, and we *Mt them to pray iscaseatly sad with fervour for the mew of our cause. And at the same time you will make it clearly understood to all, that as this war is a war menet a government which, without the slightest names, hoe violated the rights of the independence of the Ottemen Empire, the amicable relations which exist between the Sublime Pete and the other friendly pewee knee se sof- Bred the Meese alteration in conetnimee et fhb der tin, and elenimently no one must be Weed to min* moodrallo se subjects of them powers. am Masao pew trig a adtwest religion, se regards their Itis heaver, and peoperty ; sad no me shall be allowed M ambit them Is aaq smaam whatsoever, for the law presets the life, the baser, and property of every clam of subjects, and of lamb, es eat own. All must be treated, according to our seen laws, in every cireumeinee, with justice, and enjoy the mem peeled security ; in a won, it is repugnant to the seemed law as well as to enema sense, as it has been made known in the past, to regard the Rayne of the Sub. lime Pete, who metes • religion bearing conformity to that of Reese, responsible fee the conduct of the Russian goverment. What that government demands it demands in its own laterals, and to kerne its influence. TM subjects of the Sublime Porte have enjoyed for notaries the religions privileges accorded to them by the Ottoman emperors, under the special protection of the Sublime Peet% and thee privileges acquire daily additional strength 'end greater eatesion. They am aware that the pretense d Ike Ueda& government to take them under its prese ts. malt only mod to weave them. Tea will make it well known to all men that an. of the external eases of the triumph implored is that all earn et hie Rightism may live together ia harmony; that now amid mine se humiliate another ; and that all shall en demism be live in perfect union, and serve their women toastly. If bora negligence, ignorease, or ill-will, any one should act is opposition to these legitimate orders, he shall be se verely punished. All the above dispositions were decreed is the general coancilslecently held. Yea will therefore have a care that no one shall act coatzary to the above orders. This sth Kaaharan, 1270 (Bth October, UM). Letters from St. Petersburg state that the mani festo or note just remitted to the Turkish and English governments by the Russian cabinet, is its reply to the English and Turkish notes by which the Minute propounons were rejected, and in which the prepara non of a new note to replace that of Vienna was pressed for. The Czar refuses this request, and de clares that, in his opinion, the conference having proposed the Vienna note, can do no more. The Debate publishes a letter from Galati of the 14th, written by one of its friends, who had de scended the Danube from Pesth, on his way to Constantinople, on commercial affairs. As he was passing on the 11th before Rutschuk, a Turkish fortress on the Danube, the aide-de-camp of Omer Pacha, who had been to Giurgevo on the Wallachian I bank, to notify the declaration of war, had just re turned to the fortress, after having passed eight Eqs in the head-quarters of Prince Oortschakoff. Ties prevalent expectation was that, after the delay of fifteen days fixed by the summons of Omer Pacha, hostilities would commence on the 11th of October of the Greek and Russian calendar, which is 12 days behind ours. The Russian troops were occupying in force the little town of Giurgevo (opposite Rate d:ink), and were entrenching themselves there. Letters differ greatly as to the force of this corps d'armee. Some estimate it at 13,000 men, and others at 30,000. The Turkish camp is opposite Giurgevo. The weather continued to be magnificent. The sere nity of the sky and the dryness of the ground would permit the armies to make a campaign before the winter. There was a large Russian camp near Galata. The strong places of the Turks along the Danube appeared to be in a good state and well armed. That of Rutschuk was specially remarked on account of its imposing aspect. It is the centre of a corps d'armee. The town is seated on a steep bank by the side of the river, and the ramparts crown the summit. At the brink of the river is a series of low batteries. Round the town are seen the tents of the Turks, which are of a green colour lin honour of the Prophet. The coup (Twit is very picturesque. It is pretended that the Hungarian General Klapka commands this corps d'armee, or SPAIN. Advice, from Madrid of tho 23rd state that the Minister of the United States had been received by the Queen. On the request of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, he had consented to withdraw several expressions considered objectionable in his speech addressed to the Queen. ITALY. The presence in Turin of M. Kahoschin, formerly Russian minister at the Pieamontese court, has lately excited speculation, considering that diplomatic re lations between Piedmont and Russia has been suspended since 1848. We read in the Parlament° of Turin of the 23rd inst.: The refugees, through the medium of their chief, Abbi Charles Canserani, presented an address to Count Camille de Covens, on the occasion of the disturbances of the 18th, in which they observe—" It is needless for men who have suffered and continue to suffer for their beloved country to recommend you courage and energy under those circum stances. Make known to the throne, of which you are one of the firmest supporters, that not one of the numerous refugees residing at Turin took part in the riots of the 18th. The excesses committed by a handful of deluded men can not injure the honour of your name nor impair the solidity of the new institutions of Piedmont." GERMANY. - The Court party at Berlin have for some time been making great efforts to withhold the Prussian King from his promised visit to Madgeburg—a visit intended to mark the reconciliation of the sovereign and people after the painful events of 1848. The good advice of M. Manteuffel and the Prince of Prussia, however, overcame this influence, and on the 23rd the King laid the foundation stone of the new convent of St. Augustine, and afterwards attended a civic banquet with his brother and the Premier. After dinner the King filled his glass, and, rising, said : Gentlemen, I invite you to drink to the weal of this an cient city. Magdeburg has asked me to come to the solemn celebration of a benevolent enterprise, and that it is our joy to have done this morning. I hold this circumstance, as attaching to my first re-appearenco hen after a long ab sentee, to be a good sign ; for sure lam that, where the virtues of love and benevolence exist, the virtues of courage and fidelity will not fail in the day of commotion and danger. In this bright hope, and with my hearty thanks for the kind reception I have encountered, and which I cannot enough acknowledge, let us drink to Magdeburg, with three hearty cheers. The Bavarian Chambers are to meet on the 15th of November. AUSTRALIA. TWENTY-SIX DAYS LATER FROM PORT PHILLIP. PLYMOUTH, TEITESDAT EVIMING. The General Screw Steam-ship Company's steamer Argo, Captain Hyde, arrived here at six o'clock this evening, after a run of only 64 days from Port Phillip. She left Sydney on the 10th August; Melbourne, August 23; and Port Philip, August 24. She came home rid Cape Horn, in 65 days and is the first steamer that has come by that route She rounded Cape Horn on the 17th Sept., crossed the line on the 7th October, arrived at St. Vincent on the 13th ; was there two days, and left October 15th, being preceded by the Calcutta b 8 hours before her. This is the quickest passage ever made by steamer or sailing vessel before to or from Australia. The Argo has made her passage principally :sailing, and has accomplished the voyage at the rate of 240 miles per diem. She brings 86 passengers, among whom is General Wynyard and staff, from Melbourne, and one hundred and thirty-four thou sand ounces gold dust, besides general Cargo, wool, and heavy mails of more than two hundred boxes. The steamer Antelope was in Hobson's Bay when Argo left. The Victoria has arrived, August 22. One passenger, W. Harrison, of Great Yarmouth, brings home 3,000 ounces gold. The gold-fields are looking very rich, and two new fields have been discovered, one at Goulbourne, the other at Jones's-creek, Melbourne. The passengers speak is very sanguine terms of these fields. There was one death on the passage, an invalid when the Argo left. Argo put in at Plymouth to save the mail. The South Devon Company handsomely sent on mails by special train without extra charge. A A Melbourne papse.says :--"" The Anglo-Austra lian banks have been in the habit of getting blank forms of their notes from England. The ship Stratheden brought out a case of these Notes for the Union Bank on the 24th of Jane last, which was stolen from the wharf. On the let of July two of the notes for 101. each were passed in Melbourne. Of course they were not regularly signed, and the per son who passed them was apprehended. On the Ist July another of the notes for 30/. was passed by a party who attended a dinner to celebrate American Independence in Melbourne. An American gentle man gave immediate notice to the police, and the peeper of this note was also apprehended, and he gave such information that a The portion of the stolen notes were recovered. The value of the notes stolen was about 120,0001., and about 70,0001. worth have been recovered." FACTION FIGIIT.--On Monday evening a serious fight took plies near the turnpike, flies-street, Islington. 'rawest two Irish factions, when Inspector Thatcher and a strong party of the police were called into requisition. A foyer, conflict ensued and injuries were received on both aides. A private atta ck was subsequently mad , on the life Of the inspector, who narrowly escaped. - - A STALKING INSTANCE OF RAILWAY SPEED is mentioned by the Brighton Herald. A week or two ago • professional gentleman of Brighton left Vienna on the 3londsy morning, and by Wednesday night he was in Brighton, arriving by the last train of the London and Brighton Railway, and finding all ready fir his creep. ties, he having telegraphed from Dover his coming.— From Vienna to Brighton—a distance of nearly 1,000 miles—with only the interval of one day, and without fatigue. INDIA AND TIIE OVERLAND MAIL. We have received our Indian despatches by the Overland Mail. The dates are :—Calcutta, Svp:.;!tr; Bombay, Sept. 28 ; Hong Kong, Sept. 9; Sydncy, July 28 ; Adelaide, August 8. The following is' the summary of the B oin k y Times : 1 . During the put seventeen days very little ha s occurred to break the monotony of Indian life, 60 th at we have not much in the shape of news to lay before our readers. Burmah continues infested with Deceit s whose atrocities, if not exaggerated, ar e o f t h e most cruel and barbarous nature, and it is the general opirion that the Court at Ava, finding the hopeless. nees of contending with us in open warfare, have simply changed the character of the war, and that these Dacoits are nothing more or lea d than the king's troops, augmented of course by every vagabond in the country, whose desir e for plunder induces him to join the marauders. The subjugation of Burmah is far from complete. and an advance as tar as Ace, it is supposed, wit eventually be:inevitable. Captain D'Orgony, a French. man, is drilling troops in Ave; when he first en. tered Burmah, he managed to convince General God win that commercial enterprise had clone intleved him to do so, but such seems to have been far from the case.l There has been so little raiu in the north-west, that sickness, we regret to sar, is very prevalent, and the crops have be come so far blighted that it is feared that no amount of rain would now serve them ; hence a great scarcity of provisions may be looked for by-and-ke ; indeed letters state famine to be inevitable in aims places. Severalshocks of earthquake have beenfeltin Peshawur, there were six distinct shocks experienced on 27th ult., but happily no great amount of damage has been sustained. We regret very much to record an attempt, and we fear a successful one, to assassinat e Colonel Mackeson, Commissioner of the Peshawar Division. On the 10th instant, a religious fanatic from Koner rushed into I the veranda where the Colonel was sitting, and plunged an Afreedie knife into the breast of his victim; he was immediately seized and is now in custody ; he denies busing any accomplices, but strong grounds exist for disbelieving his assertion, he also confessed his intention of murdering the deputy Commissioner Captain James ; the motives which instigated him, he alleged to be,the report which he had heard from some travellers, of a mountain train being organised for the invasion of S wat, in which country he has many fi lends; he added that he thought the best way to stay the in. elution was to murder its projectors; the latest accounts record the death of Colonel Mackeson, but this requires confirmation. There has been a fight at Goreer,a village in Shekwattee,between the followers of the Tbakoor of Sourujghur, and the retainers of the Ranee of Ketree. The lady's troops were victorious, and after an obstinate fight stormed the village. Her ladyship has since fortified it, and built a fort for its defence. From the l'unjaub we learn, that the son of Azeem Khan, elder brother of Doet Mahomed, once governor of Kashmere and subsequently ruler of Kabul, died in great destitution, at Lahore. The Nuwab of Blue el poor pursues his dissolute course, and it is reported that the Nuwab Eniam-ood-Deen hes been selected for the post of British Agent at Bha wulpoor, Mooltan and Derajat continue tranquil, the eldest son of the Nuwad Surfaraz Khan, whom Runjeet Sing dispossessed, having died at the former station. Accounts from Lucknow still represent the King as passing his days in debauchery and riotous living. Colonel Sleeman, our Resident at that Court, paid his majest y a state visit, and pointed out to him the extreme impropriety of his conduct; the monarch promised amendment, but is still as bad as ever. His Majesty's debts now to amount to 800,000. In Cawnpoor and Benares sickness still continues, but is chiefly confined to the native populatior. From the Nizam's territories in the Beam we learn that a fight had taken place, near Aurungabad, on the 21st instant, between a detach. ment of the Nizam's Troops under Brigadier Mayne, and a body of Arabs, who had seized upon a fort near Bajeepoor, the property of the Rajah of Dewalgaum; the Arabs were of course defeated, but not before numerous casualties had occurred on both sides, and we are concerned to add, that two European officers have been killed, Captain Parker, com manding the Nizam's 6th Regiment of In. Pantry, and Ensign Bosworth of the 26th Regiment Bombay Army. This latter officer who was on leave from Ahmednuggur, gallantly volunteered his services, and fell in the encounter. The committee appointed at the public meeting eon. vened at the Presidency for the discussion of the Overland Mail question have petitioned the Lords of her Majesty's Treasury, praying for reform ; they have also addressed the Hon. the Court of Directors on the name subject. The Governor andrommander-in- Chief are still at Dapoorie. It is the intention of the latter to form a military camp at Poana during the cold weather, after the fashion of the " Camp at Chobham," and his lordship's announce. ment has been favourably received by all parties. Our rains are now over, and we are anxiously leak ing for the advent of the usual elephants., in order that the atmosphere, which is almost unendurably hot at present, may be cooled at least to a bearable temperature. The market is rather slack, and very little business has been done during the past fort night. MILITARY INTELLIGENCE. Casualties by death in India since the departure of the Mail on the 12th September: H. M.'s Troeps.—Dr. Charles St. John, Inspector- General H. M.'s Hospitals, at Umballs, on the 12th Sept. Bombay.—Brevet Major George Fulljsmes, 25th Regi ment N. 1., Political Agent at Hews Rants in (lomat, at Broach, on the 21st September. Lieutenant and Quanta Master E. Henderson, 23d Regiment N. L. 1., at Nusuera• bed, on the 18th Sept. Ensign Bosworth, 26th Regiment,: N. 1., killed in action with a body of Aube, near Aurungs bed, in the Nineties territories. Bixam..—Captain W. W. Repton, 56th Regiment N.I , commandant of the 3rd Regiment of Seikh Infantry, at Abbottabad, on the sth September. Colonel Mackesoet from the eff, ct of wounds inflicted on him by an Afreedis fanatic at Peshawar. Major Joseph Ferris, C. 8., 30th Regiment N. 1., and commandant of the 2nd Seikh Lori ,Infantry, of apoplexy, at Dburnmsala, on the 14th Aug. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. REPORT ON TRI ITATI OF UM 110311 BAT RARITTS. PIIOII TILE 12TH SEPT. TO THE 27TH SEPT., 103. Since the date of our last report there has been lees 'twine's transacted than we expected at that time would have been the case. During the bit fortnight orders from the districts were at first received to a considerable extent, in consequence of the very Beauty fall of rein lately many of those orders have been countermanded, and others are now coming in but slowly. However, by late accounts, we have receircl accounts of indications of rain, which, if realised, must ua pasta briskness to trade. BOMBAY MONEY MARKET. • TUESDAY EVENING, Garr. n. EXCHANGES. ON LONDON—it 6 months' sight, per RR. 2s. 111. to 21.11 d. For dom. bi 11... 6 months' sight, per Its. 2s. 11d. to 2s. 1 : 546thsd. Fur Ox CAtcm.s—at [crdt. bill.. 60 days' sight, Its. 901 ON MADI'.I , -3; 90 days' sight Rs. 991 30 days' sight 100.1 to i at sight , , Its. 991 at sight,lol ON Cupts—at 60 days' sight, 100 nips.-245 to 250 RANK AND OTHER SHAREa. Bank of Rotel , Re. 1,000 each, 38 to 39 sales. Oriental Bank Rs. 250 do. 99 to 100 per cent. p.m. Corporation Commercial Bank Rs. 1.000 each 38 per cent, prem. sale , . Agra Bank .... RP. 500 each 45 pee cent. prem. Bank of Madras Rs. 1,000 do. 1,000 22 per cent. pm. Apollo P. Com. Rs. 12,000 do. 12,000 19,500 Colaba P. Com. Rs. 5400 Colaba L. Com. Rs. 10, 0 00 do 8100 80. S. N. Com. Re. 610 do 400 60 per ct. disct. Gr.lnd. P. R. Com. Rs. 50 do. 19 Rs. prem. each share. GOVERNMENT SECTRITIES. 5 per cent. transfer loan Rs. 1 064 to 100 Sicca. 5 per cent. loan 1825.26 „ 106 pr 100 Sion. 5 per cent. loan 1829.30 „ 106 pr 100 Stns. 5 per cent. loan 1341-42 „ 104 pr 100 CO." 4 per cent. loan 1832-33 „ 108 pr 100 Si. 4 per cent. loan 1835-36 „ 1011 pr 100 Co." 4 per cent. loan 1842-43 „ 1011 pr 100 Co. - . FkICEB or itaa,ioX. Sovereigns, each Bank of England Notes Spanish Dollars Republican DoKars „ 22.5 to 226 ditto Ge man Crowns S 3 eve Silver Gold Leaf (range of quality) „ 16 a per tola Gold Ingots, according to touch. for 97 touch „ 151, per tole FRED:MTS.—To London, 3/. per ton. To Liverpool , 21. 17s. 6d. per ton. To Calcutta, nominal per rEC•S. 10 China, 13 n. per candy. WTI so ag Fon peri Ma the del Co we Gr hi U DI E