The Express. — London, England, 1851-09-09 00:00:00

the erortgiti. TO CORRESPONDENTS. A Iddedd Mien " of dmitaiddai _be owe maimed Osione." palikied odo Toledo dad Mao Was Re pot Advaruddonolalseded Re 0 Tbs Liprod, ° WASS Venlig paper, dirt be at dhs OM" RododdrAtrod. TM dela& es dr do et pulidadds. - HIDE WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tan DAT —lllerahig. Mtgs. Altorsess, Tinasev—ilstabi 21. ....... Ailerons, 21624 a. LONDON, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 9. A frusraea of our contemporaries, English and French, affect to be greatly shocked at the Emperor of Ausrats's declaring publicly that he and his ' ministers govern of his absolute and imperial audio- rity, and by virtue of no constitution. All through IE4IB, 1849, 1830, and the better half of VOL these writers were the abettors, the panegyrists, the poet laureates of Austria; and not only einkustria, but of the King of NAN.," of the Poet, and of the French generals who set up the I'orr. No thiug seemed too harsh, too rough, too royal, too cruel or too tyrannical for them, as long as there was any thing left for tyranny and its bayonets to crush. But now, when tyranny is com pletely established and strengthened, and past disturbing, oh, then forsooth, these writers turn liberal, and protest. There was a time when the voice of an English or a French journal, of an English or a French statesman, might have contri buted to prevent or retard the restoration of l'apal infallibility, or Neapolitan despotism, and when they might have weighed in the struggle be tween military Austria and constitutional Prussia. But the cry of the Times and its whole herd of jackals in London and in Paris was, Down with con stitutions and constitutionalists, Away with law: the sceptre and the sabre can alone res.ore order. Now, however, when the deed is done, the work accom plished, when there can accrue no good, no benefit, and no risk, from withstandindespotism, these ilifceiante gentlemen venture to be a little liberal. And they come forward unblushingly to protest against the tyranny which they themselves helped to set up, and against the infamy of which they were the apostles and part perpetrators. ess The Bspr has been disclosing and recording for these two years regularly those doings of the Neapolitan police which Mr. GLausrose introduced for the first time to tory notice. And, let us add, that this conduct of the Neapolitan police, and this regime of its prisons, is not au innovation of yes terday, but a system which has been in practice there thirty or forty years. It is part and parcel of absolutism, of irresponsible and military govern ment; and thew who have a' etted such government, have aided in establishing its inevitable abuses. We doubt much that Austrian prisons are any better, or that tales might not be told of the entrapping" and torturing' of Lombards and Venetians, quite as bad as those told of Potato or ZAMBECCII Talk of humanity, of clemency, of prison reform, of the fair trial of criminals, of a police amenable to law—these blessings are only to be secured by a free and constitutional government, by a government in which the people themselves take part. To scout constitutionalism) then, as tort' and semi-tory . amongst us have done and still do in Germany, s to per petuate these abuses; for tyranny and its conse quences cannot be separuted. We must confess, however, that constitutionalism and an empire like that of Austria are incompatible. The idea of uniting in one central representative assembly the Italian, the Magyar, the Teheque, and the German was from the first an absurdity, and has been rendered an utter impo ssibility by recent events. All that an Austrian minister could attempt would be the granting of local liberties. But the subjugation and retention of its provinces by Austria , have been marked by so much rigour, and handled , with so much cruelty, vindictiveness, and disgrace, that the result has been au implacable feud between governors and governed, which nothing but the blood of either party can satisfy. Fur a long period of years nothing is possible for an Austrian government hut to rule by the bayonet. It has always more or less done so. But in the olden time there was loyalty and love for the Emperor, and a respect for the Imperial !louse; so that when defeat befell the armies of Austria, its monarchs were enabled to fall back upon the people, and thus to recover their power and sway. But now and henceforth the Austrian empire consists of a mere military crust covering the surface ; break it, and there is but disaffection and anarchy beneath. Let one Austrian army, amidst the chances of war, suffer defeat; the spell which upholds the empire of the HAI'SBURGS is bro ken, and their empire vanishes like an empty and unsound dream. There is one influential class in Austria most fully aware of this truth. And it is the only class fur which its despotic government has the least fear or respect. We allude to the monied class, the great capitalists. Prussia, unfortunately, is inde pendent of this class. The smaller tyrannies of Rome and Naples have but one magnate of wealth to deal with. But Austria has a heavy debt; it has nothing but paper money; it is continually obliged to bor row. the exchanges of Vienna and Frankfort are therefore looked to by the Austrian government with en anxious eve. The aceouilt we have heard of the late edict is, that the great powers at Frankfort had determined on a solemn series of decrees, abolishing the prrool rvrhh•, and every single law and declaration of either the Frankfort parlianient, or of any parliament. The very rumour of this, with the publication of the most insignificant of the series, brought Austrian paper, which hail been recovering, down 15 per cent. The great bankers hastened to l'rinee 64:11WMIZENBERG, and represented to him that any further reaction would totally destroy credit, and render a future loan impossible. The minister harkened, the despotic decrees were sus pended. And the ExtrEitou for his own private satisfaction merely promulgated that little docu ment about ministerial responsibility which has made so much noise. No one can deny that declara tion the merit of frankness. Indeed it is ten times preferable for a monarch to come forward and de dare himself absolute de jure and de farts, than on the contrary promulgate a constitution one day in order to break it the next, and so entrap his subjects and brother Germans into acts of treason, for which hundreds of innocent, brave, and patriotic men have been executed. Far preferable is the bold insolence of Austria to the cowardly hypocrisy of Prussia. Whether frankly or hypocritically, however, the gauntlet has been thrown down by the German primes to the German people. It remains but a question of time and opportunity, when the latter shall take up the challenge. That they are bound to do so as men, and will do so u Germans, we en tertain not the slightest doubt. LET as endeavour to do that on behalf of the agri cultural interest. which farmers do, or ought to do, fur themselves individually at this season of the year, namely, take stock. 'this is the close of the bus bandtaan's year. Ills corn is gathered into his barns and stack yards; his provision of provender for his live stock daring the coming winter, whether con sisting of hay or other fodder, or roots, has now been ascertained with considerable accuracy; the weight of his wool and the other saleable produce of his flock—the draft ewes, the fat lambs or wethers, or their store sheep—have by this time in all probabi lity submitted to the test of fair or market, and the price has gone into his pocket, though as farmers too well know, not long to stay there; and the number of grazing, store or breofing cattle he will have to di.p se of is now certainly known, even if they have nut been already sold. farm servants are now paid their harvest wages, cattle for winter feedingin stall, box, or boarded shed are being bought in, and rent day looms large at no great distance. So far as re gards the southern portion of the kingdom, the harvest may be said to have been completed, and northward's° much progress has been made, that nothing beyond a little longer continuance of fine weather is needed for its completion. Now, then, a pretty good catimato can be made of the produce of the agricultural year; the cost of production can be summed up, and calculations and preparation' may, nay, must be catered upon for another season. All accounts from our various rural districts con cur in representing the returns for the la bour and outlay of tho year, as upon the whole favourable. The wheat crops are generally good, on well farmed land very good, heavy in the head with a 4. as it Ku been much flour of tent there seems districts, where #' during the eft% has narrow is estimated that d Let taking the there will be four bushels to the acre = . The worst crape of wheat we have soon have the cold clays which have not been dre,bsaran n d well farmed, and suffered from too much wet in the spring, followed by a period of drought. To the successful farming of such land permanent improvement by means of the proprietor's outlay has become indispensable. That, however, is a spe cial case, which, though important, does not mate rially detract from the generally favourable result of the wheat harvest, for on these cold unimproved soils it is not much above one season in five that a really ramp is obtained. Barley and oats vary in kellt districts, and in different places in the same ibieksto more than wheat, but on the whole the seems to be that both will be average crops. Saps On somewhat backward. Peas have very productive, but beans less so, particii- L e :l va ywinter beans, which usually grow a large bulk of coarse grain. The second growth of clover has been luxuriant, as has also the grass on the perma nent pastures, so that not only is stock at this time in remarkably good condition, but there is a full supply of autumn food, with the pros pect of a good provision for winter keep. In the gr ass - grazing districts of the midland counties the graziers say that their feeding cattle and sheep have fattened rapidly, in which respect the present season offers a marked contrast to that of last year. In all the turnip districts the turnips are now mak ing great progreus, though for a time want of mois ture, with the never-failing accompaniments of that state of things, blights, grubs, and caterpillars, sadly retarded the growth of all the root crops. To the labourers the year has been a good one ; there has been much employment at wages fully equal to those ob tained when food and necessaries were much dearer. As regards the farmer this is, however, a pre sent disadvantage, and has increased his mot of production. The benefits he will receive hes it will be prospective, and will result bom improved arrangements with his workmen, lond the better performance of their work. Weil -1 paid labour is, as our most intelligent farmers admit, alter all, the cheapest labour, and everything tends to prove that the labourers in husbandry are likely hence forth to be better paid than they have been for some years past. A Nottingliimshire agricultural reporter says, " a labouring man told him, a few days ago, he had worked in his time three weeks for one bushel of wheat, at that time worth 21e. Now he gets nearly three bushels for one week's work." Assu redly the agricultural labourer is now wed off; and, " he knows the reason why." This brings us to the point on which all the anxie ties of the farmer now hinge—the prices ho will ob tain for his produce. Ills outgoings have been larr during the pert year, wages have been high, and it he has found indispensable to push hiscxpenditure in cultivation to the utmost extent his means afforded or his notions of prudence justified. Ills lean stock bought has also been high-priced in comparison with the fat stock he has sold, and the meat markets still I I continue low. Though the price of wheat has now advanced beyond the lowest rates of the year, it is again rather tending downwards ; the imperial ave rage of six weeks on the 30th of August last was 41s. 3d. per quarter. Both barley and oats are rela tively higher than wheat, but still such grains are not very high. Abroad—that is, in Europe—the crops arc described as less abundant than our own, and the falling off in the imports of grain serve to show that the cornmerchantssee no room for profit on imported corn at our present prices. In America the harvest is reported to have been good and the crops very large, and it is probable we shall receive during the next season considerable supplies of flour from that quarter. What then must be the range of prices to which our farmers must look? That it cannot l high is certain ; our own growth, with the certainty that a rise of ss. per quarter would bring in large foreign supplies of wheat, will prevent that. We throw out of consideration all question of a return to protection, in any shape or under any dis guise, for that is an impossibility. In taking stock, then, fur the concluded year, and making his calcula tions for the commencing, the farmer must assume that he will receive only moderate prices. The main element of profit, past or future, must be taken to be large produce; if, therefore, ho finds his capital too small, or his rent too high, or his farm held on terms too restrictive or burdensome to enable him to grow large crops, let him boldly face the difficulty, and quit his present unpromising occupation for one on which he can adapt himself more satisfactorily to the timed. The am ieultundists of this country have now before them a fair field ; but, to reader it pro ductive, they must be prepared to work it with skill and energy; they must abandon all that half feudal reliance on others which is im plied by consentiug to take or remain in the occupation of a farm as yearly tenants. That is a position in which no prudent man can so farm as to make the most of his capital. There is no longer any fear of great fluctuations in prices, which for merly induced farmers to assent easily to, if not to prefer, yearly holdings, but all that has now gone by. Farming is an emancipated business ;it is no longer under the enervating influence of protection ; it must take its place alongside other businesses ; and in husbandry, as in commerce and manufactures, the race will be run by the swift, and the battle by the strong; activity, business talent, and plain, cer tain, and rational ba rgains for farms, must be the means of success; and wanting any of them, the far mer will prudently withdraw from the contest. There is no fear, however, of any withdrawal from the contest, for the present difficulties, such as they arc, of the agriculturists are only sufficient to impel them to the exertion necessary to overcome them, and to make a degree of progress not yet attempted Everything proves that they are doing this. The improvements going on throughout the country, the magnificent show of implements and machinery at the Great Exhibition, the unrivalled display of live stock at the Windsor Cattle Show, all prove the energy, the capital, and the success with which English husbandry is being prosecuted. And the latest and most businesslike manifestation of the same thing which has come under our notice confirms these views. The great cattle fair held at Barnet last week is stated by the breeders and dealers to have been the best fair which has occurred there for five or six years, and an immense quantity of stock has been sold by them at remunerating prices. This shows that the farmers, notwithstanding the low price of fat meat, are increasing their grazing stock, with the direct and immediate purpose unquestion ably of increasing the fertility of their land. THE LONGEST SHIP IN TUE WORLD.—Meeirs. C. Mare and Co., the ship-builders, of Orchard-yard, Black well, and Mean. Penn, of Greenwich, engineers, have taken a contract to construct for the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company, an iron steam-ship, of the following dimensions and power—tin., length between the perpendiculars, 325 feet; breadth of beam, 13 feet; depth, 32 feet. She will measure about 3,000 teas, and will be propelled by four engines of the collective working power of 1,200 hones ; will have feathering paddle wheels, and a guaranteed average speed of 14 knots, equal to sixteen statute mks per hour. Some idea may be formed of the size of this gigantic vessel, when it is compared with that of some of the existing steam-ships most celebrated for their large size. She will be fifty-one feet longer than the " Great Britain," silty feet longer than the largest of the Cunard or North American mail steamers, the Asia and Africa, 49 feet longer than the large steamers, such as the Parana, Oronoco, fie., now con structing for the Royal Mail Company, and 100 feet longer end 500 tons larger than the Caledonia, first-rate, of 120 guns. She is the first of an improved class of steam ships about to be constructed by the Peninsular and Oriental Company for the Rea India mail and passenger service, and It is confidently estimated that she will effect the passage between Southampton and Alexandria, a distance of 3,100 miles, in nine days. The passenger accommodation in those vessels is to he on the moat spacious scale, and replete with every comfort and convenience. TLIE ADMIRALTY have at length disposed of one of the old superammatad squadron of steamers. She is the Dottrel, or.s of the old Portpatriek packets. She has been disposed of for abost 1,600/.—Unifal Sink/ Gostte. THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY . • • • ••"'. PAM; Mblrcav Ernannti. eighty-fiflr .ePl•sul that hirre the coup* of Seine sits at another period the wpfNioste of di bet that of the Gard, revision question, ate now known. The ang is a elsantiestion of the votes of eighty :Asps:tacit' in various points otview cee aegs have simply expressed a wish that the constitu tion should be revisa, conformably to Art 111, nansoly Axdiehe, Aube, Aside, Aveyo, Soothes -du-RhOne Catudas, Castel, Otae ro nns•lnliriessee, Cones*, Caen: du-Nord, Denison, Dare, Moisten, Haute- Oaronne, Oen, Gironde, Hermit, Ile-et-Vilaine, Jura, Loir-et- Cher, Loire, Haute-Loire, Loiret, Lot, Lot-et-Garonne, Losere, et- Loin, lanche:Maute-Marne, Mayenne, Meurthe, Merbihan, Moselle, Nievre, Nord, Oise, Orne, Pas-de-Calais, Puy-do-Dome, Sarthe, Seine-Inferseuni Somme, Tarn, Tarn-et-Garonne, Var, Venda', sad Haute-Vienne. 8 have demanded that the revision shall take piece as promptly as possible, namely, the Aisne, Doubs, Minn% Hu-Rhin, Haut-Rhin, and non.. 17 have voted for the pure and simple revision, renewing the wish expressed last year ; they are : Allier, Buses- Alpes, Hautes-Alpes, Ardennes, Charente, Cote d'Or, Indro, mire-et-Loire, Landes, Marne, Basses-Pyrennno, Haute-Scone, Seine-et-Oise, Deux-Sevres, Vienne, Vosges, and Yonne. 2 have rejected the prepositions for revision submitted to them, namely, the Cher and Saone-et-Loire. 3 have refused or abstained from expressing any political opinions: the Eure-et-Loire, Drome, and Isere. 8 have demanded the abrogation of Art. 45, viz., Aries% Cone, Crease, Ilautes-Pyrenis, Pyrenits-Orientaler, Sid Seine-et-Marne. I the Vaueluae, demanded that the constitution should be partially re vised, in order to strengthen republican institutions. On the other hand, the council-general of the Moselle, after expressing a wish for the total and legal revision. refused, by a large majority, to . vote for the strengthening of three institutions. 1, the Loire Infeneure, demanded that the constitution should be revised in its totality, in order that France might return to traditional and hereditary monarchy. Other political questions were discussed in some of the councils, with the following results: The question of the elections was brought forward in IS councils : six expressed a wish that they should take place as soon as possible; one, on the contrary, that they should be delayed as long as possible; three demanded that a long interval shall be allowed to elapse between the two elections; three indi cated a fixed period for the elections of the As sembly; and four left the fixing of tho day to the Assembly itself. Four councils-general, that of tho Aveyron, the Maine-et-Loire, the Marne, and the Haute-Marne, _ . tho maintainanco of tho law of May 31. Propositions in favour of the repeal of that law were rejected by the following: Aisne, Basses-Alpes, Ardennes, Charente• Inferieure, Cher, Landes, Loir et-Cher, Loiret, Lot, Haute-Marne, Nord, Deux &vres, and Somme. Eight formally expressed a wish that the law should be modified: Boucher-du-Itane, elites-du- Nord, Finistere, Loire-ltiferieure, Moselle, Var, Ven dee, and Tarn. A wish for an amnesty in favour of political pri- Boners was rejected by the council general of the I Loiret. That of the Cites-du-Nord favourably re ceived the proposition of M. Croton for the repeal of the laws against the exiled families. The council of the Maine•et-Loir refused to entertain the question of reducing the indemnity paid to the representa tives. From the isolated opinions of the councils upon the latter questions, upon which some of them thought fit to profit to pronounce, no important in ference can be drawn. But upon the great question of revision the table shows that the enormous majo rity of 79 out of 84 have voted in the affirmative. This near approach to unanimity on the part of bodies of men of wealth and intelligence, elected in every part of Fiance by the most unlimited universal suffrage, goes far to countenance the belief enter taints' by many, and industriously professed by more, that the decisive movement in the councils-general represents such an overwhelming amount of public opinion as must enforce obedience to its mandato through all legal difficulties, although the mode in which the inevitable result will be obtained cannot yet be predicated. But in order to arrive at a just appreciation of the political weight of the demon stration that has just been made many circumstances must be considered beyond the mere com parison of the numbers of 79 and 5. The first and least important is, that although the majorities acre generally large, there was in nearly every instance a considerable, and, in sonic eases, a numerous minority . who protested, and ex pressed cogent reasons against tho opinions of their coadjutors. Of much more consequence is the fact that in many instances the result of the vote would have been different if numerous members of the councils, either from conscientious or political me. tives, had not declined to attend the meetings upon the ground that their mandate from their consti tuents had expired, and that the National Assembly in postponing the legal period of a fresh election, had passed an unconstitutional law for the purpose of prolonging the functions of men who no longer represented the opinions of their constituents. Another striking objection to the pretensions of the councils- . general to represent the nation in political matters is that of M. Lamartine that they are chosen dicers° inguitu. Their special, and indeed their only, legitimate functions—for their interference in political affairs is a confessed usurpation—are toprovide for and watch over the local interests:of their districts. The Inca whose stake in the district is the hugest, or whose legitimate influence is the greatest, the squire, the magistrate, the popular lawyer, the favourite doctor, and the largest manufacture—rare the men of whom the councils-general are composed. The influences which obtain the votes of the populace for such men have been proved by experience to be impervious to great political changes, for the same men now sit in the councils-general who have sat on the same benches through numerous transformations of the political scene. The very same Inca who elected the Assembly that voted the constitution now complained of, unanimously, with the exception of five votes, also elected the councils-general, who, by 79 against 5, demand the revision of that constitution. But the grand objection, that attenuates the practical value of the whole demonstration, is to bo found in the conventional vagueness of the term " re vision," and the certainty that that term has been used by the councils-general in various, conflicting, and undefined senses. No one supposes that the council of the Loirc-Inffiricure, who so boldly avowed their aspirations towards traditional and here ditary monarchy, stand alone in their hope and ex pectation that revision would lead to that result. On the contrary, it is unquestionable that many— according to the legitimist version all—of the coun cils that have voted for total revision, hope and de sire that revision would lead to the restoration of Henry V. The six councils that have alone expressly called for the abrogation of the 45th article of the constitution, iu order that Louis Napoleon may be legally re-eligible, cannot surely be the only ones of the So that have the same desire, because all the go vernment journals assert that revision is merely a synonym for the prorogation of Louis Napoleon's powers, and that the country takes no interest in the movement in any other sense. It would indeed be extraordinary, and would contradict a L vast number of professions, if it could be proved that r of all the councils that have voted for revision that of the Vaticinec should be the only one that desired re vision in order to strengthen and ameliorate repub lican institutions. It follows, therefore, that the , simple word revision, or the simple expression of re ' vision according to the 111th article of the consfitu ' Lion, are susceptible of a variety of meanings, and ,` that a legislative body, however desirous to give a r practical meaning to the requests that have been , addressed to them, must, after all, be driven to juke for itself of the merits of any specific proposition that may be submitted to its consideration. That the votes of seventy-nine councils-general are the premien of a widely-spread dissatisfaction with 'he existing fundamental political system to which France is subjected, it is impossible to deny ; tut l that these votes have in any material respect coa tributed to the solution of existing difficulties, or furnished any argument that will press upon the minority of the Assembly in November next, it were idle to assert. The somewhat fainter tone in which the Davis and the Ordre have lately s po ken of the candidatare of the Prince de Joinville has been interpreted in 1 1 some quarters as an indication of a retreat. I believe that this is far from being corrected. Having sit ciently inoculated the public mind with the idea, they wish to leave it to germinate, wisely knowing that it is better not to fatigue those whose support they hope for by premature importunity. Era enetioniere commences in ; the Pays -to long-prtinieed sketches of contemporaneous polities' personifies. He begins withionia Napoleon, of whom lis draws , an original, and in messy respects * highly favolrable portrait. Some of the dis closures with regard 'to the concoction of Louis Na, isoleonii address to the constituency, when he was • candidate in 1848, and to his conferences on the tab ,jegt_ with M. Thiers and M. de Oirardin, are novel and interesting. The dismissal of General Crony from active service fee_having gone to England without special permis noifon the occasion of the religions celebration of King Louis Philippe's death, has occasioned consi derable excitement and much surprise. It is true that the dismissal is perfectly justifiable according to the written rules of the service, but the rule in Linea tion is as fOremi, and as eadom acted upon, as the strict rule of police, by which a passport is requisite to go to Versailles or St. Cloud. The harshness of the measure is the more remarked, because General Crony is notoriously &legitimist, and merely went to England out of respect to the royal family. At the last election for a representative of tho de partment of the Haute-Vienne the legitimists ab stained from voting, in order to make way for the election of the El sear candidate. Twenty influen tial members of the legitimist party have now pub lished an address to the electors of that department, to inform them that abstention can no longer be tho policy of the legitimist party, and that the time has come when they must actively support their opinions. The only candidates that have hitherto presented themselves for the vacant department of tho Morbi hen aro legitimists. The first is M. do Gingen, formerly an officer of the royal guard, and the next M. do Kersanson Puneedreff, captain of a frigate. M. Carte, the Judge of the Court of Appeal, has written several more letters, explanatory of the circumstances under which he was present when M. Anthoine was arrested in the office of the Voiz do Present. The government journals per sist in affirming the truth of the narrative that first appeared in the Assembke. At the Bourse the Five per Cents. rose 40c., clos ing at 91.75 cx div. Tho Three per Conte. rose 35c., and closed at 56.20. 9, 1881. ran . d 2,725,2068. for the Boards of Controul. The re eetpts are estimated at 208,172,5808. so that the deficit will be 68,856,9478. DENMARK AND THE DUCHIES. The Correspondent: Blatt, of Kid, publishes the allowing plan of the Holstein Notables for the or ganisation of the Danish monarchy On the supposition that a common throne succession, in accordance with the rights and claims of the rightful agnates will be established. The undersigned propose the follow- ing plan for the organisation of the Danish monarchy : 1. The Danish monarchy forms one whole, inasmuch as all parts the same princes, the same royal succession, and the same diplomatic and consular representatives. The flag is, with distinctions for certain districts, eeiamon • also the army and the &Myer, under certain sup positious and limitations. 2. The monarchy consists of the kingdom of Denmark and of the duchies of Schleswig, Holstein, and Lauenburg. 3. The Duchies of Holstein and Lauen burg remain mem ben of the German Burnt. The Duchy of Schleswig main tains its present independence. The relative positions of the three duchies to be settled by a Diet. With respect to the internal organisation of each of the duchies, this subject to be hereafter decided upon, according to common principles. 4. The Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein retain their present common administration and privileges. Both duchies have a common tribunal for the administration of justice; only natives of these duchies can take pan in their administration and their privileges. With respect to the islands of Alien, Arroe, and lorninglehns , they remain in their present relations touching educational and ecclesias tical matters. 6. The two nationalities of the Duchy of Schleswig have equal rights, and, with respect to church and school lan guage, the status quo before ISIS must be laid down as a principle. 6. Lech duchy contributes a settled quota towards the common expenses of the whole monarchy. Once for all, a minimum each branch of expenditure should be fixed, which is yearly to be contributed by the duchies. For the payment of any greater sum the consent of the diet of each duchy must be obtained. In what manner this extra con tribution is to be raised to be decided upon also by the diet of each duchy. 7. The tariff, post, and coinage laws, the commercial and shipping regulations for the whole monarchy, to be deter mined on by a general assembly from all parts of the mo narchy. For the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein the status quo of Jan. 1848 should be taken on these questions as a fundamental principle. 8. The army of the monarchy to be under one com mender-in-chief, who, with reference to certain different divisions of the army, is to be responsible to the Danish Diet and to the Diets of the Duchies. Holstein and Lauenburg troops are to form the contingent of the bund, in which contingent only Germans can be ad mitted, for whose military education there are the necessary establishments in Holstein. The Schleswig troops, too, to form a corps apart, by which the two nationalities in the common service of the monarchy may be preserved. The cost of each division to be defrayed by the country to which it belongs. The connexion of Holstein with the Danish fleet depends upon the resolutions which the Frankfort Diet may come to on the subject. 9. As to how the national debt and national resources should be apportioned: This is a subject for future delibe ration. 10. Tlus organisatian plan should be submitted for ap proval to the I)iets of the different parts of the monarchy. Baudissen, A. Moltke, Itautzaw•, Th. ltcincke, Scharraer, Wiese. The Vienna correspondent of the Frankfort Ober postamte Zeituny says that Iler Von I'rokcsch-Osten, a few days before his departure from Kid, declared to the Vanish cabinet, in the name of his government, that the Austrian troops cannnot be withdrawn from Holstein until the affairs of the country are regulated and the succession question shall have received a definitive solution. fair bait of str,w:w4 grain, ati for .......----: . con t'nrsabsd, proves, ty &ars r, of good quality. ' , , limi frot . < , seems to be , • v • •,, . , rt . _ Ortbs' ell e k tere the w , ~.6 , m nip, assemplse blooming '.. ..It . ptlol4 ?At. of tio the 1 arrow limits. In some es W . yield upon e revis lat eight and ten babe pe r . acre over following is a et year's wheat crop, and it is laid that four.dapartmen southern portion of England through, 48 muskegs hay. )63 four bushels to the acre more than last I 17 a . Sh"11:17, SPAIN. Tho Madrid journals of the 3rd contain an account of the christening of the infant child of the Duke and Duchess de Montpcnsier in the palace at Seville. The ceremony took place with great pomp, and the Car dinal Archbishop of Seville officiated. The Duke d'Aumale was godfather, and not fewer than twenty six names were given to the princes—amongst them were those of Marie Amelie. Tho Duke de Mont pensier, as delegate of the Queen, subsequently in vested the royal child with the ribbon of the Order of Maria Louisa. ITALY. VENICE. The Venice Gazette of the 3rd announces the ar rival of tho Empress Marie Anne of Austria at Venice. TWO SICILIES. The Genoa Gai r ette describes as follows the mili tary establishment of the kingdom of the Two Sici lies : " In times of peace the total force of the army amounts to 45,000 men, viz., 19,000 infantry, 4,500 cavalry, 2,800 artillery men and sappers, and the rest gendarmerie. Every man is liable to servo in the army from tho ago of 18 to 25. Gendarmes, artillery-men, and volunteers arc enlisted for eight years, but the ordinary period of service is five years In time of war the army may be raised to 64,237 men. GERMANY. PRUSSIA. BERLIN, SEPT. 6. The Hanoverian correspondent of the Deutsche Algemeine Zeitung repeats the announcement that in the sitting of the Frankfort Diet of the 23rd, the "fundamental rights" (gm/if/rec./0e) of the German people, u they were laid down in tho " Paul's Church" Assembly, were abolished. This act, how ever, it is to be remarked, did not take place in a plenum, or full sitting, but was a resolution of the Engere Rath, and was not decided on unanimously, but by a majority of 12. To this resolution was ap pended the expressed expectation of the Bund, that any states where these rights are still acknowledged would lose no time in formally abrogating them, that the federal power might not be under the necessity of doing this in the name of the confederation. But, as this act was neither the act of the plenum, nor carried by unanimity, it is legally binding on those states only which adopt it voluntarily, though it is not probable it will meet with any resistance. If it do, it will only be for the sake of asserting the invalidity of majority resolu tions, and the validity alone of those which are sanc tioned by unanimous votes. The resolution of the bund on this subject, says the Preussische Zeitueg, has been officially communicated to all the states of Germany. As one of the provincial Diets is now assembled, it will be good to note in general how it is composed, especially as it may be taken as a good sample of those which arc to follow. The classes (slande) composing the Brandenburg Diet consist of deputies from the Ititterschaft of deputies of cities and deputies of parishes or rural districts (landgemenule). The 2,000, or thereabouts, privileged properties (rittergdter) of the province just named return 36 deputies; all the cities together return 23 ; and all the rural districts but 12. Thus the priviledged proprietors alone have one vote more than all the cities and districts put together. Now comes the question, Why should these privi leged proprietors have this advantage ? " In number and talent, in wealth and possessions," says the Urwhaler Zeitung, in a pungent little article on this subject, " this class stand far below the cities and the rural districts. Yet in point of numbers 180 litters have, according to the Brandenburg scale, as many representatives as the half-million of inha bitants constituting the population of Berlin. In talent and intellectual acquirements, Er compare them to the metropolis would be ridiculous ; with itwyeet to wealth. they have hardly a one-hundred-and-fif tieth part of that of the cities ; their landed posses sions would not make a third of that of the other proprietors of the rural districts of the province ; and finally, as to the taxation qualification,—being in many respects tax-free—they take a place far beneath every other order in the community." The only quality, indeed—if it may be so called— that distinguishes this privileged noble class (their nobility apart) is their debts; and it is therefore in ferred by some commentators that this is the qualifi cation that entitles them to such a pre-eminent posi tion and importance in the state. Two-thirds of the fortunes of this class, I am informed by persons who cannot be mistaken in their information, is on an average mortgaged, whilst their expenses so far ex ceed their means, that they depend altogether on the bounty of the court, and declare, with some co lour of truth—so crippled are their pecuniary re sources—that the payment of a land-tax, from which they have hitherto been free, would ruin them utterly. This debt qualification, therefore—the qualification of complete dependence on the government—is a tho roughly valid one ; none other could be found half so good. A rich, independent nobility might be restive land refractory, but a poor, title-proud, ruined nobi lity, swarming numerously for place and preferment, may be with all confidence relied en. The Kreutz Zeitung decidedly contradicts the report which I mentioned to you yesterday, that a congress of princes is about to take place in Germany during the autumn. Prince 'Metternich, it is said, will, during the courso of this week, be in Vienna. AUSTRIA. The account of the probable expenditure during the present year was published on the 2nd inst. The outlay is calculated at 277,029,527f1. that is 61,029,0928. interest of national debt ; 4,900,08411. expenses of the Court; 600,0008. for the Diet (?), Council, and (future) Court of the Empire; 136,8106. Council of Ministers ; 1,892,26.18. Foreign De partment ; 25,300,5188 . Home Department ; 103,362,6068. War ; 20,227,7478. Finances ; 18,000,0008. Justice ; 4,916,776t1. Public Education ; 33,786,7638. Commerce ; 341,6888. Agriculture ; THE LEVANT. By the Levant mail we have received Constanti no* journals of the 21th, and Athens papers of the 28th ult., both inclusively. Several changes have just taken place in the Turkish ministry. Ihe Capi tan Pacha (t:mliman l'acha) has been replaced by Mehemet All, the brother-in-law of the Sultan, and formerly Minister of War. The Minister of Finance had been also removed, and replaced by Nazif who had before filled that post, and whose bad management had led to an inquiry, which is not yet completed. The ministry of the Wakoufs (estates belonging to the Mosques) has been given to Bali Effendi, and Suliman Pacha has been named a member of„,the grand council. It is said that the bad management of the finance department had led to these changes. The accounts from Athens state that the Senate had adopted the government bill on finances by 29 votes to 17. The Chamber of 11c Mies, it is added, had made modifications in the •LI on consulates, which compelled the government withdraw it. At the time of the departure of the mail it was still understood that on the Ist of September the re fugees of Kutaiha were to leave that place for Jeu melk, in the Gulf of Macedonia, where they would embark on board a Turkish steamer, which was to con vey them to the Dardanelles. Here they expected the American steam-frigate the Mississippi would await their arrival; but this, as stated yesterday, in cense quenceof the accident experienced by that vessel, is now doubtful. The persons who will accompany Kossuth and his family are M. Lemini, his private secretary (a Tuscan), Generals Perrcel and Wisosky, and Count liatthiany; the three last have their families with them. Twenty other superior officers will also follow Kossuth. It was intended that the Mississippi should convey them to Washington, stopping a few days in England. It was said that their sojourn in the United States will not exceed three months. The Journal Ile Constantinople says: l'art of the imperial fleet is to leave to-morrow, to make evolutions in the Mediterranean. The vessels composing the expedition are the following :—Men-of-war: Nousse retic (the admiral's vessel) and reiki-Measeret. Frigates: Schaap, Nurati-Zaffer. Steam-frigates: Mouhssir Sowrour, 3ledjidie. Corvettes: Merin -Fero, Zetif. Steam-corvette: Tahiti Bahri. Brigs: Sound- Babel, Taliar. Schooners: Nev-Esser, The fleet is under tho command of the Capitan Paella in person, who, with his staff and suite, is on board the Nous scretie. The Capitan Paella will be accompanied by Vice-Admiral Mouchauer Pmha (Captain Slade), one of the most distinguished officers of the English navy, and engaged in the service of the Porte, to co-operate in the better organisation of the Turkish fleet. This superior officer, adviser of the Capitan Pitch& in the direction of the fleet and in the naval operations, occupies the &heap. We are convinced that, under the command of such an able sailor as Mouchauer Paella, the expedition and manceuvres will be of great utility. We take advantage of this oppor tunity to speak of another distinguished English officer, Colonel Barry Bey. Ile is engaged in the Turkish navy as instructor in artillery. After some stations on different points in the Mediterranean, the fleet will proceed to the Gulf of Salonica, and, after manmuvring there, will go to the Isle of Ithodes, and front thence return to the Bos phorus. MALTA SEPT. 2. PaoloAzzopardi,tho murdererof Maria Baldacchino, underwent the last sentence of the law yesterday morning, at Floriana. This is the first execution in Malta for the last seventeen years. The culprit walked firmly to the place of execution, about half a mile, attended by two Capuchin friars, and the society della Miserieordia, and mounted the gallows with a firm, quick step, evidently quite careless to his awful situation. Ileacknowledged the murder the day previous. • The Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation ,Com pany's steam-ship Pottinger, arrived, after an excellent pas sage at 9 p.m., on the 29th ult. The government packet Medusa, from Marseilles, bringing the overland mails, reached Malta, at 4 cm., on the 31st, and the Pottinger left fo' the East seven hours after. The Sardinian gaadrou, cansiati..g of three frigates and a brig, under Rear-Admiral the Count d'Arcalliers, en tered port from the Gulf of Palma yesterday morning, and will leave again in about a week. The admiral is under sealed instructions, but it is supposed the destination of tho squadron is Tunis. The English squadron has been spoken off Longone. The Banshee will convey to Marseilles the return India mail, and this vessel and the Caradoc arc now understood to be permanently placed on this line. The English brig William, Thomas, from Alexandria, laden with barley, for Southampton, got ashore yesterday outside of Fort Ricasoli, and will have to discharge. The vessel has received much damage. WRECK OPA SPANISH MERCHANTMAN.-MARGATE, SUNDAY NIGHT.—The lugger Nelson, commanded byJohn Knight, with a crew of three picked boatmen, cruising in the neighbourhood of the Sunken Light, observed, about seven o'clock this morning, a flag of distress flying from a boat at some miles distance, and immediately put off to render assistance. At a quarter to eight they reached the boat, and found it to contain nine Spanish sailors, and to be in an almost sinking state, the stem being completely stove in. The unfortunate men having been taken on board the Nelson, it was ascertained that they comprised the crew of the Spanish brig Cervantes, Captain Felix Loyo y Castro, from Christiansand to Barcelona, with a cargo of salt fish, which ran on shore on the Lorg Sands at half past eleven last night. The crew stood by their vessel until five o'clock this morning, when, finding that their vessel was going to pieces, tbcy took to the only boat left to them out of three, in which they remained until they were picked up by the lugger, their boat at this time being about 24 miles from Margate, 6 from the Sunken Liffht, and 8 from the Kentish Knock. The rescued crew having been refreshed with hot I coffee and other necessaries, were conveyed to this place. WEST INDIA AND MEXICAN MAILS. HURRICANE IN THE WEST INDIES. ERUPTION OF A VOLCANO LN MARTINIQUE. The Royal West India mail-packet Dee, Captain Allan, from the West Indies, &c., arrived at South ampton this morning, and landed her mails under the charge of Lieut. T. Strover, R.N., Admiral* agent, Dates of sailing*: I .vra Cruz, August 1; Tampico, 4; Chagres, 9; Carthagena, 11; Jamaica, 14; Demerara, 11; Trinidad, 11 ; Barbadoes, 13; Antigua, 14 ; Martinique, 13 ; Grenada, 11; Polio Rico, 18; St. Thomas's, 20; La Guayra, 12. Amongst the cargo is specie to the value 6f 1,535,495 dollars, of which 45,261 dollars aro on account of Mexican dividends, and 1,490,234 dollars on merchants* account. In addition to this she brings Gold from California, value 154,274 dollars; from Panama, 285,244 dollars ; from Santa Martha, 18,214 dollars; from Grey Town, 1,274 dollars; from Carthagena, 10,486 dollars; from St. Thomas, 4,706 dollars: the total value being 1,940,222 dollars, or rbout 390,0001. sterling. On the 18th, the island of St. Thomas expo• rieneed the tail of a hurricane. It commenced .at daylight, and from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. it blew with terrific fury from N.E. to S.E. by E., doing great damage to the wharf under the town. One schooner was capsized at her anchors, two or three vessels went on shore, and others drove with both anchors down. The strength of the hur ricane passed to tho southward of St. Thomas. The next mail will bring probably disastrous accounts. The I)ee andDerwent were in port in St. Thomas's during the gale. The Great Western was about sixty miles to the westward of St. Thomas, and en countered the gale fur fourteen hours. She did not sustain any damage beyond the loss of her sails. The Dee was detained three days at St. Thomas's, waiting for the Mexican steamer. JAMAICA. From this island the dates are but two days later than those received rid New York. In Savannah-ha. Mar, where there had been nearly 400 deaths from cholera, although the violenco of the disease had greatly abated, there were still a few isolated cases. Several cases of cholera had broken out at New castle among the troops. Whether any of them had proved fatal was not known. The Morning Journal announces the decease of Robert Smith, Esq., senior magistrate for the parish of St. Andrew for a number of years. At the meeting of the Commissioners of Publie Accounts, which took place in Kingston, on the 7th August, the following Customs return, showing the staple exports of this island between the roth day of April and the sth day of July, 1834 was laid before the board: From Kingston and Old Harbour.-2,235 hogsheads, 260 tierces, and 404 barrels sugar; 1,071 puncheons, 28 Mids., and 11 casks rum ; 1G bags pimento; 718 bags ginger; 1,012,5021 b. Port Morant and Morant Bay.-1,619 lthds., 282 tres., and 818 bets. sugar ; 406 puncheons rum. Port Mari.. and Anaotto ISay.-439 blids., 12 tree., and 56 bets. sugar ; 119 puns. rum • 2 bags pimento. Falmouth Rio Bum), St. inn's.-3,573 hhils., 539 trim, and IGO brls. sugar; 1,240 puns., 1 hhd., and 6 casks runt; 2,297 bags pimento; 11G casks and 1,197 bags ginger; 581,48911)s. coffee. Montego Bay anti Rio Bueno.-3,527 hhds., 6.37 trcs., and 320 brlr. sugar; 1,483 pu6s. rum; 659 bags pimento ; 34 casks and 995 bags ginger: 100,1:41bs. coffee. Savannah-la-Mar, Black River, and Alligator Pond.- 2,120 Mitts., 281 tres., and 56 brig. sugar; 5,012 puns. 17 bhds., and 17 casks tuna; 141 bags pimento; 883 cask; and 1 bag ginger; 3,9'_'olbs. coffee. TO'fAL Exronva.—Sugar, 13,513 hhds., 2,014 ;res., and 1,80.5 brio.; rum, 5,012 puns., 16 Mids., and 17 casks; pimento, 3,115 bags; ginger, 1,683 casks, and 3,211 bags: colree, 1,608,5531b5. At the same meeting the following statement, showing the amount of duties collected by the of. ficers of her Majesty's customs at the several ports in the island, and paid over to the colonial treasurer, to the quarter ending sth July, 1851, was also laid before the commissioners: Island Mt ittt VO. c. 31 T .th all edu e" Total. sod fees. E v. d .6 s. d. 2,991 4 0+30,415 10 5 417 1 6 850 3 4 10 If 3 28 0 10 542 11 5 1,469 16 7 912 11 4 6,003 7 8 3u5 11 4 3,277 19 10 254 19 G 1.151 1$ 7 5,119 5 413,146 17 3 liingetnn ARII Oil Harbor. Port Moe :int and Ntoraitt Port Ant min . Poet Marla and Annotta Bay lattnter It. LUG-Homo, ant St. Allll'll tt ty Montego Bay and Lynes Say.tnna-In.atar,lllackalver. and Alligator Pad ...... Total ....... S 4. 4 27,420 2 5 433 I 10 5,000 IG 2,072 3 0 896 19 1 In.n7un Gran sm.untof duty'slmports, under 14th Vic. e. 31 _ . _ Le. amount of drawback min.& expoetedl966 9 1 Le. AUonance on goods dau.geL... Nctt amount of imports for quarter. Z 37,7111111 986 9 2 G,771 9 9 BRITISH GUIANA. The Royal Gazelle says since the Dith ult., the date of our last " Review," tho colony has been tranquil, if not prosperous. The Court of Policy has held one or two sittings, and at present stands adjourned to Tuesday next. Several measures have been advanced a stage; but no business of any great importance has been brought to a final close. . On the 30tCult. the British Guiana Bank held its usual half-yearly meeting, when u highly satisfactory statement from the directors was laid over, and unanimously approved of. The report of the directors, together with a summary of the proceedings at the meeting, will be found in our number of the 21st. The off:sirs of thiscorpomtiun continue to be in a flourishing condition. Thu nett profits during the six months ending the 30th of last month amounted to 29,800 doll. 87c. Out of this amount 20,152 dull. 53c. were appropriated to the payment of a dividend of two per cent. for the half-year among the shareholders. The remainder, or 9,648 doll. 24c., was carried over in accumulation of the reserved fund belonging to the bank, and consisting at present of 160,181 dull. 9Gc. The directors in their report take an encouraging view of the agricultural and commercial state of the colony, and allude to several recent instances within the range of their own experience to show that a marked change for the better has already taken place in landed property iu this colony. " Of those plantations," nay the directors, " whose culti vation had been wholly or partially abandoned, a few have already been again brought into productive working, and some others arc now in a course of progressive ameliora tion." This must be a cheering announcement to such of our absentee friends as are connected with estates in British Guiana, and is entitled to the greatest weight, as emanating from a body of gentlemen of great intelligence and Ideal experience, and possessing excellent opportunities for arriving at a correct knowledge on this subject. On the sth instant our planters received a welcome rein forcement to the labour force of the colony in the arrival of the vessel William Gibson from Calcutta with 224 coolies on board. While on the subject of coolies immigration we may remark that our readers will find, in our number of the 2nd instant, an abstract of a very interesting letter which was read in the Court of Policy ou the 28th, preceding from Mr. J. I'. White, the joint immigration agent for British Guiana and Trinidad at Calcutta, addressed to his excel lency the governor. Mr. White reports, among other things, that the coolies who had gone back to India from this colony in the Lucknow, and who had carried with them from two to three thousand pounds sterling, had expressed themselves highly satisfied with this country. Mr. White seemed to be under the impression mat many of them would agree, when the excitement naturally attendant on their return home had subsided, to enter into fresh contracts to labour in this country. In the course of the discussion that took place in the court on the reading of Mr. White's letter, his excellency the governor remarked that, large as had been the amount of money taken back to India by the people who went in the Lucknow, the amount of property which the emigrants who sailed the other day for India in the Zenohia took with them was much larger; the sum of 20,000 doh. having been delivered into the cus tody of the captain, while at least holies much more, as his excellency believed, remained in the possession of the people themselves. These are gratifying facts, and show that, whatever may have been the advantage to the colony of coolie immigration, it has been at all events productive of great pecuniary advantage the coolies themselves. In consequence of the insolvency of Mr. Alexander Duff, the vessels either partly or entirely owned by that gentle man were brought to public sale on the bth inst., by order of the Administrator-General of Demerara and Essequebo, u representative of the estate and effects of Mr. Duff, for the benefit of his creditors. We may here also mention, that the railway shares be longing to the estate of Mr. Duff realised very high prices on being brought to the hammer. A bill, prepared by Dr. Gavin, medical inspector of the West Indies, and haying for its object the improvement of the public health, has already been laid before the Court of Policy, and read the first arta second times. This measure has been ordered by the court to be published for genera information, prior to the court going into committee upon it, and is accordingly given at length in 'supplement to our present impression. During the last fortnight the weather, though rather un settled, has still, generally speaking, been dry and hot, and favourable to sugar making. Must of the estates, therefore, in the districts adjacent to town have been taking advantage of the change of season to realise their crops. With the exception of a troublesome, though not dangerous, influ enn, the health of the colony continues tolerably good, considering that we have now entered not only on the crop time of the planters, but that of the doctors, August being usually a sickly as well u sugar-making month. , -- 7 i . 7 927 5 2 Fr will ordir (Nair earn it we 8, wi Ha since visas snick it. th wnic 60( 1,1 .1 ttn) tht tio