The Express. — London, England, 1853-06-25 00:00:00

Pita tarpreisfi. TO t OIatESI'ON L IshTS. c•Osis •,!.. l'n•r,••••,'' t•taltgaillA lame wrigPirg A ••- . 1 awl FlT** ..lAtt, In Um, "•;:v g: Exprer;•LeadatrAllllllll parr, -"• • • •ma, 7M ddocli tla • , , 1,1 , 311 wArsit AT LONDON BRIDGIS f.Das—liesfttate. 4% it5.........41teren0n. 4% ma. , oww—Sturatar. SOIL. —.Aft. roma. Si. ta. L'lNnO4v, SATURDAY, JUNE 23. A.;Ats the Indian Debate has occupied a long sight in the Howe of Commons, and again it has adj urned. Tint chief actor ill this setotul scene of elt. derma was Mr. MACAVIAI, who brought the light of his talents and the power of his oratory to bear ea the question. It W. 13 both remarkable and interest !cif to ate ham full the how , : was whilst he spoke, as ren:ras:td slat the thin aneicnee who listcnod with effort and distaste to the speech of Lord STANLEY on :he pri.vious night. Every one was anxious to hear the opinions of the man who—speaking with personal knowledge of Ilindostan—was sure also to talk with the ekarness of the logician, the graa a:.d abandant illustration of the accom plished man of letters, and the ease, coned-- nen, and afoot of the practised rhetorician. Those who listened to him were well rewarded, and those who simply make acquaintance with his oratory through the medium of a newspaper rep al, arc likely also to be struck by the view takeu of the 'abject by our most popular 'ois torian and most brilliant living essayist. Men of all opinions will regard his suggestions with respect; to =soy they must bear conviction. His reply to Lord ELLE:seism:6n on the distribution of patronage was most successful, and whatever Club or Parliamentary cliques may say—however blatant discontent may grumblo—there can be little doubt Ilia: out r the length and breadth of the land the pro positioa to eistribtee a large portion of the patron age Us India by public competition is most gratefully regarded. Of course the Tulles and their followers object to any such distribution. They may not have the courage openly to say so, but they want all the loaves and fishes still to be strictly preserved for their own snug party. Sir CLIAELES WOOD'S r!JO will at all events open the door for the admission of any man, however humble his position or circumstances, who may display talent enough for' victory in a public contest of talent. If this mode of distributing n large portion of the patronage were once adopted, it could not be withdrawn ; and hence the bitterness with which some portion of the oppo sition approach this pi n t of the subject. Treasury Secretaries and Whippers-lo have no idea of " throw ing away" a largo amount of patronage amongst those who can't vote on a division ; and all who sup port Lord STANLEY'i motion instead of putting ano ther and a better one before the House, will practi cally be voting that the mass of the young men of this country should still be shut out from employ ment and fortune in India. Lord tiTANLEY confessed in his speech on Thurs day night that his amendment did not deal, and did not profess to deal, with the merits of the great ques tion—How is the future government of India to be carried on ? His object and that of his associates is simply to defeat the Ministerial bill. Upon every leading principle and every important practice in volved in that; momentous question, Lord STANLEY is either ambiguous or silent. His discourse may be regarded, in fact, as a laltonred excrcitation in that style of :salve dialectics of which his friend and preceptor, Mr. DISRAELI, is so distinbuished a master. To go through every topic of a grave and difficult question, and, while exhibiting a certain de gree of familiarity therewith—to avoid giving say decided opinion as to how it ought to be dealt with, appears to be the end and aim of Derbyiem, both young and old. From first to last its aim and scope is simply and merely faction ; and as the exigencies of such warfare lead it to seek allies alternately in opposite quarters, its chief effort is to adopt a tone at once plausible enough to win the earnest and unwary of the most opposite opinions, and at the same time equivocal enough to leave those who use it free to take any course they please at a future day. This was in truth the whole scheme and system of Tory opposition under Mr. DISRAELI'S leadership from 18-16 to 1832; and a most amusing and artful system it was, for it succeeded not merely in perplexing opponents, rind cajoling a curious variety of the odds and ends of various discontented sections, but when the time for performance had actually arrived even those who deemed themselves the best initiated in the esoteric wisdom of Protectionism found, to their infinite dismay, that they also had been following a mere Will-o'-the-Wisp. Yet the same disingenuous and Dodger-like game would seem to be all that we are to witness over again: Young Derbyism has learned nothing from the disastrous failure of its parental predecessor. It is clever, industrious, and full of ambition, but it cannot make up its mind, or say frankly and boldly what it would be at; and until it does the English people will never trust it, never believe in it, follow it. Empires are not made by hollow rhetoric, or polished sarcasm, or plausible platitudes about the need of circumspection, the difficulty o" deciding, and the danger of precipitancy. All these are self-evident and irrefutable ; but after all these have been said and sung, in every tone and with every gesture expressive of grave dui)i..ty, the ple'l common-place question will still remain to be an swered, What is the best thing to be done ? To this question in the present instance Lord STANLEY does not so much as attempt to give any answer. "On the contrary," to use his own expression, "the whole scope and tendency of his amendment was to show that it was not expedient or possible to legis late permanent ly for India during the present session." Be objected to the bill of the Government without pre tending to have any better plan of his own; and he is ready to accept the aid of those who, like Mr. Helm, desired to maintain the Company's power un abridged; and those who, like Mr. Buicaerr, de mud its entire overthrow. But for Lord STANLEY'S purpose, it is all the same, whatever the ultimate consequences to India are likely to be. Double Government or single—elective members or Crown nominees—the division of patronage, or its complete concentration—Lord STANLEY is ready to take chance for what may be the future decision of all such question', provided the aggregate discontent of the house will give him for once a majority on division, and thus enable him to take revenge on those who last December drove him and his friend. f:om power. Were Lord STANLEY in mutest about Indian Reform he would not thus fence and juggle with sonsiderations which affect so deeply the future weal or woe of a vast empire. The very terms of his amendment betray his inability to decide whether the Ministerial Bill is to be objected to as a perms !sent measure or a temporary one. Its closing words indeed admit that it "omelet be regarded as a final settlement ; " and thus every member who votes for the resolution will place on record his conviction that the Bill is only one to provide for a period of transition. In no other sense have we ever viewed its manifold effects with toleration ; and on no other condition should we feel disposed to acquiesce in its pawing. But what, then, becemesof the previous part of the Tory amendment, whisk THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, JUNE 25, 1853 . lin the case of carriages which conveyed mackerel, and other quickly pefishable fish, front the coast. We shall nut new need even this help, or fancy we need it. There is 119 pmt-horse duty on the locomo tive ; and the demand and supply of fish seem now to be left to adjust themselves. While there was meddling on the ;me hind, and negket on the other, duties and bounties wlth.li were a hardship to the I consumer, and au absence ofroads to a market which I i was fatal to the producer, the sight might be seen, all round our coasts, of disco traged fishermen, bury ; ing cartloads of stale fi.h in the sand, while there were multitudes of wistful people in the inland towns v.-ho were hungering for what was thus destroyed. The common notion, that our labouring classes do , not like fish, must be known to be a mistake by all who have lived in any town near the coast, and by all (we hope we may now say) who live in any town I along the South \Vales Railway : for there is no I mistaking the eagerness with which the wives of the poor rush to the market, and return with three mackerel strung on a ru,h in one hand, and a bunch I lof fennel in the other. Even in very remote and I secluded towns, the benefit is visible to the mcst I careless eye. In a lay district, where the single fishmonger lies had a life-long monopoly with his fish -cart, bele extremely angry, after the - opening of a railway, that the gentry will not con tinue to dine prepostirously late for his sake, and be often disapeointcd of good fish after all, but now buy the fish, all redolent of the sea, that the railway brings in four hours, and dine at what time they Ichoose ; and now there is a broiling and boiling of fish in many a cottage that he passei. and his eye is vexed by patches and heaps of cockle shells about the doors, or paving the garden paths. Our people no more dislike any good food than the Hindoos dislike good clothing, as is proved as often as the commodity and the consumer are brought together. We think this news—of the activity and hilarity now prevailing in Swansea Bay—is of importance to the farmer full as much as to an) body. He must look to his stock. lie might, by skill, increase pro digiously the quantity of stock maintained on his farm ; and he will have to do it. By the same opening of the railwa3 a that feeds men with fish land is fed with fish. The sprat fishery, for manure, which answered well while there was only a coast-farm demand, will answer better than over now that an increasing demand for manure is coincident with railway extension. The farmers must move heaven and earth, or rather Downing street and Peru, to get guano. They must never rest till they can raise green crops enough to sustain a doubled stock, or a tenfold, if they like, and till they have manure from their stock to thicken their crops again; and so on, in that enriching circle. Mean time, we shall be eating more and more fish, and con firming the habit of animal diet among oar labourers. And there is no fear but that, when fish and meat are alike abundant in comparison with what they are now, our people will not stay long to consider which they will choose, but will consume them both. the sum of three millions and a half of piastres. 'lbis is not in the shape of either loan or tax, but a volitatary subscriptiim on their part. Similar sub scriptions arc pouring in from different parts of the empire. These then arc the " purses kept for con tingencies like the present," of which so much has been said. The spirit of patriotism, which would seem to have slumbered so long, is at length lairlv aroused in the breast of the Mussulman ; and should the struggle take place, the Turk will make a much better fight than was expected of him. FRANCE. PARIS, FRIDAY EVENING. The Bulletin de Paris, a lithographed political correspondence, published under the immediate con trol ut the Minister of the Inn riar , had a paragraph last evening which has excited great attention. It states that Russia will be called upon ty the French cabinet to declare her intentions openly ; to nay whether she is really for peace or war; if for peace, and she will negotiate sincerely with that view., France will give F her co-operation, and do everything in her power to obtain a solution honourable to all; if fur war, Franco, although so conciliating and so anxious to ! preserve peax, will accept war ; but what she will insist upon is, an immediate decision either for peace or war. She will not admit of more delay; there has already been too much. This, says the Bulletin, will be the ultimatum of France. There cau be little doubt that the liui:ctin has authority for this impor tant statement. It has been often observed when the government is hcsitsting what course to take with regard to some important question that the Patric is instructed to write in a totally different strain from the other semi-official journals. This system of providing two strirgs to tLo bow was acted upon yesterday in a remarkable manner. The articles in the Cuisstitu tionnel and Pays. to which I directed your attention, were considered in high quarters to betray too great an anxiety for a peaceable solution of the t:astern difficulty. It was feared that they might create an impression unfavourable to the dignity of the government. Accordingly an article of an oppo site tendency was sent to the Patric, in which not a word was said about the " pacific nature" of the Nes selrode note, or the opening alforded by it for negotia tiou, but on the contrary, it was assumed that if Russia persisted, war would be inevitable. Several copies of the Patric, containing this article were struck off at early hour, in order to be distributed at the Bourse before the close, and it is conjectured that they con tributed to the fall which took place during the last half-hour. The following passage was particularly noticed Russia insists upon her ufffinetium, and threatens hostili ties—hostilities which, commercieg with the invasion of the Turkish Danubian provinces, might finally result in the oc cupation of Constantinople itself. Can France and the great European powers, after having solemnly consecrated by treaties the existence and independence of Turkey, permit them to be attacked? Can tht y allow the Emperor Nicholas add a new empire to the pitdessions, already so vast, of which the Russian empire is composed? Te propound such a Guest:on is to resolve it. If the great European stabs scut their eyes to such an enormous increase of the power of one of them, every condition of equilibrium will cease to exist. There will be in Europe but one great power,Rusia, before whom the other states voll be re duced to the condition of second rate powers. I have not heard of any political news to account for the extraordinary rise at the Bourse to-day. The settlement is approaching, and as it has been found for a long while that the speculators for the rise have generally had the best of it on settling days, the " beers" are afraid of being again caught, and have bought in to close their accounts. _ _ _ _ _ Toe Moniteur contains a decree from the Emperor modifying the organisation of the ministerial depart ment of the Interior, was to meet the changes called for by uniting to that department the ministry of Police. Themarket for government securities was generally active throughout the day, and at the termination of business an advance bad taken place in every de scription of stock. In the quotation for mone7 the improvement wet to the amount of 40c. in the Three per Cents., and of 55a in the Four-and-a-Half per Cents., whilst in that for the end of the month the Three per Cents. rose 43c., and the Four-and-a- Half per Cents. 25c. Bank of France shares ad vanced 10E The concluding quotations were :—For cosh : Three per Cents., 77 ; Four-and-a-Half per Cents, 101.75. For the account: Three per Cents., 77.20; Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 101.65; Bank Stock, 2,680 f. There was a considerable movement in affairs at the railway share market to day, and eventually a general improvement had been established in that description of public security. Paris and Orleans shares advanced 15f.; Paris and Lyons, 12f.; Great Northern, Western, Rouen and Havre, and Paris and Rouen shares, each 10f.; and Paris and Stras bourg, 9f. Closing prices :—Northern, 890; Orleans, 1,065 ; Paris and Strasbourg, 900; Paris and Lyons, 904.50; Paris and Rouen, 1,015; Lyons to the Mc dit., 727 ; Western, 710 ; Rouen and Havre, 470. affects to treat the measure as a permanent one, and as such deprecates its adoption upon Insufficient and iecomplete in'ortnatian ? This is au ob% isms inco• hominy of urefessions a palpable instability of pretences which the most superticill and I thoughtless cannot fail to obserse. Th. Bill of Sir CHARLES W 001) is in reality nothing. hut a provisional one; and its most glaring defect is, that it is not so in name. But this is a defect easily cured. Let some reformer propose to invert a clause I limiting it to a period of three years, and lot Young I Derbyism support such an amend= nt, if it ill. This will be honest, practical, and self-explanatory. It would meet at once all the objections to imperfect legislation upon incomplete inquiry, and ali the oSjectione not unreasonably felt to a mere factious adjonretnent of the question without any time of postponement being named. It is no better titan solemn trifling on the putt of Lord i STANLEY to tell the house in a passing parentle•sis, that he means of course in the event of the Ministe. rial project being rejected to recommend the adop tion of a Continuance BM for a certain • period, leasing the period, a most material point, to be settled hereafter. This is the very trap which we have all along warneA our more vehement friends, that it was likely they would find laid for them. First they are to be made use of to throw out the only Bill now before Parliament relative to India ; and that feat once accomplished, the Carlton camp would forthwith be broken up, and Young Derbyism would, perhaps, not reluctantly declare its inability to compel ministers to pass a Continu ance Bill. What must be the inevitable result Simply this : that when Parliament re-assembled after Christmas, ministers would come down to the House, remind it that the act of 1831 was expiring, and on the plea of urgency call for immediate and per manent legislation for India. A thousand pretences would then be found for protracted discussion ; and then the moat corrupt Parliament which England hu seen for half a century would vote with eager ness that the session of IS‘l4 was too far spent to permit the consideration of the dreaded Reform Bill. This is the trick of Young Derbyism. Who will be its dupe? THERE is a recent morsel of news from Wales, which appears as significant as it is agreeable. The South Wales line of railway is open now to Ss an us ; and the fishermen in the bay seem as much surprised by the sudden increase of demand for their fish as if the same thing had not happened before, I when the Holyhead line was opened. The coast population is as busy as can be in that neighbour hood pocking up mackerel for the rail ; and in the towns along that rail, and in several which commu nicate with it, there is such an eating of fish as can hardly have been seen since the old Catholic days. The demand is likely to increase rapidly if the price of meat continues to rise as it has done lately. The labourer will do now what the tradesman did in the most oppres sive days of the war; he will often buy the cheapest fish he can get instead of paying for mutton 30 per cent, dearer than he did a year or two since. At the beginning of the century, it was no uncom mon thing to see in tradesmen's families, and even in some of the next rank above, a tureen of cockles in place of the joint ; for the same reason that the loaf was made one-third of mashed potato—the dearness of provisions. The labourer is more at ease now, perhaps, than the tradesman of that time. Three years ago, when the farmers were giving up the hope of the restoration of the corn-laws, they still pleaded for a prohibitory duty on foreign cattle, and provisiors, saying that the lower orders had now got cheap bread ; but that meat was the affair of the classes above the labourers ; and that those classes ought to pay a reasonably good price for a luxury which was above the labourers reach. Here was another instance of human propensity to settle beforehand what men should eat, and pay, and experience. Within these three years, labourers have become, to a considerable extent, meat eaters, from the rise of wages and the cheapness of bread. To supply the demand, the old depots of cattle, in almost inaccessible places, have been cleared out, by the aid of railway transit. An unfavourable season, especially for sheep, has followed; and the prices of meat have so risen, that the farmer. may be quite easy about the labourer having the luxury of beef and mutton too cheap, if he can get it at all. The supply of cottage pigs, from which so much of the cottager,' bacon was formerly derived, has not been extensively renewed, since its decline in consequence of the potato failure. Jug as the labourer has en joyed a taste of the comfort of fresh meat, it is rising out of his reach again; and the salt is not so easily procurable as it was. And at this juncture, when he is sighing at his work over the additional penny per lb. of beef, and three-halfpence per lb. of mutton, and wishing he and his neighbours bod pigs, the train rushes past, and he sees huge crates piled up, filled with many thousands of mackerel, to be sold as cheep as any food whatever. It really seems as If certain influences were converging to wards making us the fish-eating people we once were, and that our island position tells us we ought to be. In the ancient days, when not only all conventual houses, but nearly all country houses, had their fish ponds, there was worse management has even of late about supplying fish for popular eating; but the people were fewer, and not so dependent on their own exertions for food, as at present. Somebody was bound to feed them; and while they were living on the salt meat prepared in autumn (as our fore fathers did not know how to keep their cattle alive in winter), the gentry relieved their salt diet by fresh fish from their ponds and rivers, and, when near enough, from the sea. The tasteand demandfor fish seem tohave declined as our grating skill increased, and the catholic uses of fish diminished; till it became a standing wonder that, in a group of islands like ours, with channels, bays and inlets all alive with fish, our people could ever suffer from hunger. But the fact was easily accounted for by those who know the effect of political meddling in industrial matters- Our exportation of fish never had a fair chance, from Ithe amount of protection with which it was incum berred ; and the small home supply languished, for reasons which the railways are putting an end to for ever. One of the earliest facts on record—a fact of just a thousand years ago—is curious, and might have been instructive, if rightly read, for several cen turies past. The predecessors of the Leith and New haven fishermen were forbidden to sell any fish to a distance till their neighbours were all supplied at a regulated price. The fishermen very wisely went over to Holland, and taught the Dutch the value of Scotch fisheries, setting up that opposition in Holland which has been the subject of endless complaint, in Parlia ment and in our markets, for centuries. Nothing that our rulers could do ever availed against any of our rivals, till Government conceived the wisest idea possible in the came,—that of doing nothing. CHAIM IL took the matter ink nd, and failed. He formed a company, permit a lottery, and ordained collections in tho churches. He compelled all victuallers and ooffce-shop keepers to take a cer tain quantity of herrings every year at a certain price. He imposed duties and offered bounties ; and all in vain. An old economist of the time offers Ms opinion of the reason :—" We fish intolerably dear, and the Dutch exceedingly cheap." The last pre• tection of the provincial fish-market is now op& ssded. The post-horse duty has been long remitted TURKEY. Telegraphic despatches announce that the Porte has rejected the Russian ultimatum. This news is of the 16th instant, the day when the term fixed by Russia for acceptance expired, and after which, in the words of Count Nesslrode, the Emperor " would find himself compelled to procure by a more pronounced attitude that satisfaction which he had vainly sought by pacific means." From the decisive set of the Sultan and the public declaration of the Czar, war would be inevitable if the affairs of life always advanced in a strictly logical course. But, notwith standing the open conflict into which the two powers are thrown, the belief gains ground in all the capitals of Europe, where the rejection of the ultimatum was foreseen, that arms wilt not decide the quarrel now engaged in theTAst. "The danger to Turkey," writes a correspondent from Vienna, "is not attack, but exhaustion by delay. Russia is a military state. Were the difference with Turkey to bo settled to morrow, she would not weaken a tangle corps dames. It is otherwise with Turkey; people do not live there to be dressed up in uniform, and reviewed in im mense masses. The army cannot be reinforced or the landwehr called and kept out without considerable outlay, which must be continued as long as the Czar is making demonstrations on the frontier. This is the real danger of the Porte." The journals, in the favour of the French government, hold a more peace ful language. CONSTANTINOPLE, Jena 9. The Russians are at this moment making demon strations upon Battoum, a port lying on the Black Sea between Odessa and Varna. They have been carrying thither large quantities of war material from Odessa, as well as some troops. A Turkish vessel that happened to be in the port of Odessa was by them premed into service, and forced to convey a cargo of freight to Battoum. Not content with this violation they intended to detain the vessel for farther use, but the Turkish captain—being a fellow of some spirit—determined to free himself from this involuntary service; and, seeing that the wind was favourable, as it blew from the port, he hauled up his anchor and stood out to sea. He was immediately pursued by a Russian ship of war and fired at. The shot earned away one of hie topmasts, but he succeeded in making his escape without further damage. Another affair, of a somewhat different character, has just transpired. The Turks are sending a consi derable force to Trebizon, for reasons which I shell presently give. Some days ago one of their steamers not a war ship, bat a transport) was on its way m Constantinople to Trend, loaded with troops. In the Black Sea she was met by a Russian war steamer, who summoned the Turkish vessel to lay to.'i The latter refused to obey the summons, and was instantly tired upon by the Russian—the shot striking one of her meata,though without dammging it. A burned council of war was held by the offieses of the Turkish vessel. It was agreed that they should round to and fight the Russian. The soldiers were called to arms; the vessel was brought round, and headed for the enemy ; and, with loud shouts of en thusiasm from the soldiers and crew, the Turkish steamer bore down upon the Russian. The latter, seeing that tho Turks were determined to board her, and dreading the chances of a band-to-hand contest with such numbers, suddenly put about, and steamed off es fast as her paddles would drive her. The Turkish fleet is at present anchored in Buyuk dere. You are aware that by the treaty of Adria nople it is not allowed to cruise in the Black Sea. But Buyukdere is near at hand, at the point where the Black Sea and the Bosphorus meet ; so that, in the event of war, the Turkish ships can spread themselves upon the waters of the B la ck Sea in a few minutes' warning. The greatest activity prevails in the fleet. Admiral Slade, who is contre.admiral, is an Englishman, and of course " every inch a sailor." He is making the most strenuous exertions to increase the efficiency of the Turkish fleet. Within a few days he has engaged in the service no less than 30 English officers, who co.operato with him in the work with as much energy and enthusiasm as if they were called upon to man the " wooden walls" of old England itself. There has been much said about the emptiness of the Turkish treasury. But the Turks have resources in emergencies like the present—such as are never dreamt of among Christian nations. A curious spirit of patriotism exhibits itself, entirely unlike anything in the countries of western Europe. I give the fol lowing illustrations, which you may implieity rely upon as facts that have transpired within the past few days. Mustapha Pasha, the Grand Vizier, and the richest man in Turkey, has announced that the government may count on the whole of his'fortune in case of need. This example has been followed by nineteen other Pashas, all of them men of wealth. Mustapha Puha was formerly governor of the island of Candia, and so much was he esteemed by the Christian inhabitants of that island, that he is known among them by the name of " Father." The Christians of Candle alone bare sent to the treasury _Fat I jtigi4. "aft tame. omens -- - 5peam5........... 77 75 211 77 22 77 77 ft Npir Now, 1515... . ... ... ... ... 65 pw Costa, 1553... 101 - 75 ... ... ... .„ 4 par pet Olats. I Nattalisw Low .. .. Ezebanio on Loagioti: ttilibt. 22 di ... 20 aill. ' l 4 Sr, ". Seltaa,AkieCt.l.4o V/ la ' w rapist NNW ...... Iliapp. Roma liverOlats „. Do. 4 ... -- Do. ISO Midmost 5 p.Ct.„... 911 1 Treason 1kedir... 2 3 , 1 10 „. Do. 3. INS ...... 451 TS I Doak lima „. nits. Jus94.—Elt. Geuaia, 1,11110 i Vanillas (right talk), —; ditto (lift beak). HO; PMa NM Orkstag i ll hob aad Paw" EN 1,01 S; Sows sad !MA ; i awl Misses (O tad) • Obtaboars sad We. 655; Sefikass. NO ; P sad StrWboars IN; Park and NS; loom sad Ihatirraataa. 727 50; Dam, 710 ; Ns - sad all of; DUN sad Botanoon. 535; NIA SU 50; Mow Wra g arMi Ttoyet. ; Oastraw; sod Stair Bordatax sad Tait% 10 1 ; Nam sa d at. Mist to O a t h $ ; Dieppe sad twassp. NSW ; 5.1 w. SW PALA Imre 2!....1 . 77 418.- NI 75 far mousat. SPAIN. M. Manuel Bermudez de Castro, the Spaniel' Minister of Finance, who his distinguished his brief period of office by a number of reforms, resigned on the 20th instant. This event has been for some time apprehended. M. de Castro is succeeded by M. Louis Pastor. The ministerial departments of Trade and Foreign Affairs, whioh have never been occupied, except ad interim under General Lersundi, are now tilled up. M. ?doyen° is named Minister of Trade, and M. Calderon de la Barca of Foreign Affairs. THE UNITED STATES, ARRIVAL OF THE ARABIA. (BY SLICYRIC TILIORAYII.) LIVERPOOL, SATURDAY. The British and North American Royal Mail steam ship Arabia, Captain Judkins, arrived this forenoon, with the mails from the United States and British North American possessions, about 163 passengers, and specie to the amount of 525,000 dollars on freight. By this arrival advice. have been received from New York to the 15th, being four days later than were received by the Atlantic on Tuesday last. The Arabia reports having passed the Royal Mail steam-ship Asia, off New York, on the day of her departure; the Asia had left Liverpool on the 4th inst. 't Court. The Queen held a court at two o'clock yesterday afternoon. . _ . Prince Lucien Bonaparte, attended by Count Walewski, the French Ambassatur, and Aide-de-Camp in Waiting, had en audience of her Majecty. His H;ghne•s was introduced by the Bad of Clarendon, K.G., the Queeri's principal •cretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and conducted by her Majesty's Master of the Cere monies. Sir Alexander Mslet, Bart., her Majesty's Minister Ile niptew iary to the Germanic Confederation, was presented to the Queen at an audience by the Earl of Clarendon. Her Majesty was attended by do lll,Arquis of Ormonde, Lard in Waiting, and Major-OeuerAl Berkeley Drummond, Groom in Waiting. Prince Albert, attended Ly Colonel the Ron. C. B. Phipps, presided yesterday morning at the Council for the management of the Duchy o! Cornwall, at the Duchy offiee, Somer.et 1101160. Prince Albert, a•teneled by Colonel the Hon. C. B. Phipps and Captain the lion. Dudley De Ros, left Buck ingham Palace at 20 minutes before 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon for the ramp at Chobhant. The l'rince of Hohenloho Langenbourg arrived in town on a visit to the Queen yesterday afternoon at a quarter before four o'clock from the continent. The Prince drove to Clarence Rouse St. Joules's, and visited the Ducheu of Kent. Her Royal Highness afterwards cm:ow, ,nied the Prince to Buckingham Palace, where His Serene Highness remains on a visit. The Queen. accompanied by the Quern of Hanover and the Duchess ut Saze Cubourg Gotha, took a drive yesterday afternoon in an open landau and four. The Equerriea in Waiting, Lord A!fred Paget and Lad Charles li:zroy at tended on horseback. Her Majesty accompanied by the Doke and DuAeu of Sale Cohourg Gotha and the Prince of Ilubenlohe Langen bourg honoured the performance of French plays with her presence lost eyecing. The Royal Suite consisted of the Coun•ess of Mount Kdgcumhe, Baroness do Wang, nheim, the Marquis. of Ormond., Lord Charles Fitzroy, and Baron Treekow. The Duchess of Kent, sec mit:tattled by the Princess Adelaide of Ilohenlehe Longeubourg, and at tended by Lady Anna Maria DAWSOR and Sir George Cooper also honoured •he performance with her presence. Prince Albert, attended by Col. the Hon. C. B. Paipps, visited the l'rovident Institution in St. Mania's-place, on Thursday. Sumner, of ilia United States, and Mrs. Ray and Miss Ray, of the United States, were presented to ' her Majesty at the Drawing-room on Thursday, in the general circle, by Miss Wilcocke, niece of the A.ntricon Minister. _ _ _ . The Queen and Prince Albert, accompanied by the Duke and Duchess of Saxe Cobuurg Gotha, honoured the Royal ISOM Opera-house with tt.eir presence on Thursday eve. ping. The royal suite consisted of th. Couutes• of Mount Edgcumbe, Baroness de Waugenheim, the Marquis of Ormonde, Lori Charles Fitzroy, Captain the Hon. Dudley de Roe, and Baron Trtskow. Prince Lucien Bonaparte, attended by the Ambassador of France and Major Cavagnari, atter hie audience of the Queen yesterday, upon his arrival in this country, paid v;aits to the Duchess of Kent, the Dushesa of Gloucester, the Duchess of Cambridge, and the Duke of Cambridge, at their respective residences. Mr. Samuel Morley and the Rev. J. H. Hinton bad an interview with the Chancellor of the Exchequer yesterday at his official residence in Downing-street, as a deputation from the friends of voluntary education in relation to the government Education Bill. A deputation from the parish of St. Paul, Shadwell, con sisting of the Rev. Benjamin Cox Sanger (rector), Messrs. Robert Charles Taylor and Samuel Jeggins (church wardens), and Mr. Peter Mellish (vestry clerk), had an interview with Viscount Palmerston yesterday at the Home office. A deputation on the subject of the privileges of the town of Dumbarton, in reference to the Clyde navigation, had an interview with the Right Hon. E. Cardwell, on Thuts day, at the Board of Trade. The deputation consisted of Mr. Alexander Untie, M.P., Mr. Bouverie, M.P., Mr. J. Smollett, M.P. ' Sir J. Anderson, M .P., Mr. Denny, chief magistrate of D umbarton, and Mr. fd'lntosh, senior Willie of ditto. A. deputation of bankers, accompanied by the Earl of Ettlinion, the lion. Arthur Kinnaird, M.l'., Sir James Matheson, M.P., Sir James Anderson, M.P., Mr. J. Pcrgn s, M.P., Mr. W. Lockhart, M.P., Mr. Arcbilbald Hastie, M.P., Mr. Alexander Mode, M.P., Mr. John Macgregor, M.P., Mr. George Duncan, M.P., and Mr. Charles Cowan, M.P., had an interview with the Chancellor of the Exche quer yesterday at his official residence in Downing-street. The bankers were Messrs. George Forbes, James Robertson, W. Kennedy George Eeadman, William Brand, and David Smith, with Mr. John Richardson (solicitor). Despatches were sent from the Colonial-offioe yesterday to the Governors of the North American provinces and also to the Governor of Malta and the Lord High Commisaioner of the lonian Islands. IT IS STATED that Mr. Henry Barkley, Governor of British Guiana, who has recently arrived in London, has been offered the governorship of Jamaica, and is likely to proceed thither almost immediately to replace Sir Charles Grey. _ _ _ THE HON. MARTIN VAN BUREN, ex-President of the United States, and his son, have this week paid a visit to Birmingham. DURHAM ELECTION.-THE NOMINATION. (PROM OUR CORRESPORDIRT.) DURHAM, FRIDAY Arran-Nome. The nomination of candidates for the seat vacant in this city took place this forenoon, in front of the Town hall in the market-place. The candidates were Sir Charles Douglas, liberal, and Mr. Mowbray, conservative. If it had been possible, the nomination should have been held yesterday, as to morrow is market-day here, but the usual notices requisite to the election prevented it. The proceed ings were opened at ten o'clock, the candidates being accom panies' from their lodgings by their friends. There were not more than 600 persons in front of the hustings in the market-place when the proceedings were opened, and never more than 1,000. The MAYOx having oiened the proceedings, Mr. WMAII.TON. of Drybunt, proposed Mr. Mowbray, the ~ Mr. Hers , solicitor, seconded the nomination. Mr. MINDERSON, carpet manufacturer, nominated Sir Charles Douglas. Mr. Aldermaa Elvou seconded the nomination. ' The several candidates having addressed the electors, the show of hands was taken, which was three to one in favour of Bir Charles Douglas. Mr. Wharton demanded a poll in favour of Mr. Mowbray. THE WAR IN BURMAIL The official despatches and letters conveying in telligence to the authorities in India respecting the events which took place in March last, in connexion with the overthrow of the force under Myat-toce, at Donabew, ap pared in the London Gazette last evening. It is almost unnecessary to state that full accounts of these occurrences hate already appeared in due course in the &press. , SIIOCEINO SUICIDE AT day ;;ening, a few minutes after six o'clock, as some boys were playing near the South Junction Railway, in Man chester, close by the Water-street ration, they observed a man, who was standing under one of the railway arches, draw • rasor woes his throat. Thema' fell to the ground, and the boys immediately gave the alarm to some men who were at work close by. On going to the spot, they found the unfortunate man quite dead, his head being almost completely severed from his body. The deceased was named Philip Keeley, was 54 years of age, and was employed as a joiner at Messrs. Parnell's, in Oldham-street, Manchester. Ile was a Manxman, but had lived in Manchester for the last sixteen years; he has left no family or connexions, ex cept a brother in the Isle of Man. He had several times been heard to declare his intention of putting an end to his existence. An inquest was to be held yesterday afternoon, before Mr. lierford, the coroner for the borough of Man chester. MANCHESTER AND SHEFFIELD RAILWAY. A special meeting of this company was held at Manchester yesterday afternoon, under the standing orders of the Home of Lords, to afford the proprietors an oppor- Mnity of affirming the bill for making the Barnsley branch in the form it had come from the Commons. _ _ Lord YARBOROUGH, in taking the chair, explained that this bill was originally one for making a branch to Barnale and extension to Cudworth, but the committee bad cut off the Cudworth extension, and finding that without the Cud worth extension they could make a branch to Barnsley cheaper than that ;rejected, a new Hue was surveyed, by which three-garters of a mile would be saved in length, and a east of 40,M01. to 45,0041. avoided. For this the ill now produced would provide, and it also took an extension of time for making the new Sheffield station at the lower part of the town. His lordship then read the marginal refe rences and submitted a resolution approving of the bill. Mr. WILD wished to know what ne —emit , / there was for the new station at Sheffield, and expressed himself dins sisfisid at spending more money on a coal branch to Barns ley at a time when their revenue would only pay a dividend on 600,0001. of their capital. One of the directors, Mr. Themes Greig, in 1848, advised them not to make this branch, saying coal branches should like to know whether he held that opinion now, and if not, why he had changed his opinion. The CHAIRMAN said he could not say why Mr. Greig had changed his opinion, unless it was that he saw there would be a profit in this branch. However, be bad Mr. Greig's proxy in his pocket, which showed what his opinion now was. (Applause and laughter.) He (Lord Yarborough) was satisfied that the coal required for this city would render it worth while to make the branch, besides which there would be a fair amount of passenger and goods traffic. _ _ Mr. M'Tultst said Mr. Bracey at one time offered to make this branch, and asked why he was not allowed to make it. There was to have been a great development of trafilc at the Barton and New Holland ferries, and at Grimsby ; but he feared the shareholders bad been greatly disappointed in these, as they would be in the coal branch to Barnsley. Mr. Can had told him he could supply three times the quantity of coal he did, but for want of waggons, and he (Mr. M•Turk) thought the company should fi nd waggons to develop the traffic ready to hand before they made new branches. Mr. WILD repeated his question about the Sheffield sta tion, and asked what was the contract let for. The CHAIRMAN said the new station was making by the company itself at Sheffield, and not by contract. The sta tion was required for timber from Grimsby. At present, for want of this station, timber had to b• sent up from Grimsby to Hull, and from thence round by the Midland Railway to She ffi eld. With regard to Mr. M'Turk's °beer 'redone, it must be borne in mind that they had never pur chased the Barton ferry, which was crown property. It might have been leased, but it was offered at too great a prise to justify them in taking it. As to not l e tti ng M r . Brassy make the Barnsley branch, the company bad found that it could be made with more profit to work themselves. Mr. M'Tvei asked what were the disputed accounts on the Woodhead tunnel, but The Climax/or said that would be travelling out of the business of the present meeting, which was for a specific ini g l e i totion was then put and agreed to unanimously. A vote of thanks was given to Lord Yarborough, for his services in the chair, and the meeting separated. The PrifesuLts.—Yesterday the Oriental Com paay's steam-packet Madrid. arrived at Southampton with dates—Gibraltar, June 14; Cadiz, 16; Lisbon, 19. H.M.S. Antelope was at Gibraltar. Sans Pareil sailed for Malta oa tle lith. H.M.S. Cruises was at Lisbon. IRELAND. Dt LIB JVIKE The cause of mixed Education in Ireland has sus tained a heavy blow and great discouragemen , by the recent decision of the National Board of C ni missioners, under whose guidance and control the primary schools which receive assistance from Go vernment in that country have long been placed. It is now more than two-and-twenty years since, at the suggestion of Mr. Wiste., our present minister at Athens, the national system of primary instruction was introduced by the then Whig Government, of which Lord STANLEY, now Lord DERBY, was a prominent member. The fundamental idea of that system, as is well known, was that of mixed education in all things appertain ing to moral and intellectual training, while suitable opportunities for separate sectarian teaching were to bn rffurded to the pastors of all denominations. To carry out this purpose, a whole series of class books was carefully prepared under the joint superin tendence and revision of the heads of the Anglican, Presbyterian, and Roman Cat 11 AM Churches; and, amongst other manuals of daily instruction, a volume of extracts from the old and New Testaments, entited Scrip ure Lessens, was prepared with elaborate care for the use in com mon of children of all persuasions. The intrinsic excellence and unquestioned fairness displayed in the compilatiun of the mark, secured fur it tire sanction of the pious and tolerant of every creed ; and it speedily became the universal class book of the National Schools. Some of the more violent polemics in the itiffst communions objected, it is true; and political passions were intermingled with controversial bitter ness. But while many clergymen of the Established Church thought fit to denounce the volume of Scrip- tore extracts as being what they termed ''a mutilation of the Word of God"—the Roman Catholics for the most part cheertui:y availed them selves of a book which had been prepared and slue tioced by Archishop MURRAY, as one of its k)int editors, and which in point of tact contained nothing more than the historic facts and moral truths of Revelation. Bat things are now changed. 1)r. MunitAir has been gathered to his fathers, and Dr. CULLEN rules in his stead. A wholly different spirit has lately been infused by him into all who come within the scope of his influence. As the most recently appointed delegate of the PorE, Archbishop CULLEN has under taken to revise and re-constitute the entire discipline and practice of the Itowan Catholic Church, which acknowledges him as its provincial head ; and what his views and intentions are on the subject of primary instruction is not doubtful. Dr. CULLEN is the avowed opponent of mixed education. In a synod of the Roman Catholic bishops and clergy of the province of Leinster, held during the present month, an address or pastoral appears to have been adopted, which has since been published, with the signature and sanction of Archbishop CULLEN, and his several suffragans. In this address two of the books made use of in the National Schools are denounced by name. The one is a brief manual of the " Evidences of Christianity," composed by Arch bishop WIIATELY, and which, although for several years made use of without objection in almost every Roman Catholic diocese in Ireland, is now declared to be fraught with Protestantising tendencies, and is consequently henceforth interdicted. But what is of far more interest and importance is the unqualified denunciation of the " Scripture Extracts." We quote from the synodical address the passage which relates to this subject; The other work is entitled Scripture Lessons. It an teing most difficult 'mileages from the Cid and New Testa ments ; and there are questions proposed at the end of each chapter, which would open the way to the tesching of false doctrines, and which the unlearned and unwary might wrest to their own destruction. This little work appears to have been compiled far the purpose of giving a united religious instruction to catholic and non-catholic children in the lame class. We reprobate suds a project. • • It is contrary to the spirit and practice of our holy church to sanction united religious instructions, or to sanc tion any instruction on matters connected with religion given to Catholics by persons who themselves reject the teaching of the Catholic Church. The injunction we now give you to remove the two little works just mentioned from the hands of your children will be the more easily carried into effect, as the rules of the National Board do not at all require the use of them. The assertion with which the foregoing interdict concludes, would ten da)•s ago have excited the surprise and called forth the contradiction of ninety nine out of every hundred persons, connected either as patrons, teachers, or scholars with the na tional system. But the proceedings of the Beard at its last sitting seem fully to warrant the statement thus made. The question has, in point of fact, been for some time one of internal controversy in that body. Archbishop WIIATELY, Mr. BLACK/WANE (ex-Chancellor of Ireland), and Mr. BARRON GitEENz, are said to have contended hat the reading of the Scripture extracts was by long usage and common consent, if not by the literal terms of a fundamental rale, part and parcel of the system founded in 1831. They therefore urged that any change in the general administration of the schools, which would in effect facilitate or sanction the exclusion of the " Scripture Lesson." as a class book, would amount to a virtual abrogation of the essential principle on which the system was based. But these opinions have, it appears, been overruled by the decisive vote of a majority of the Commissioners, who have adopted as a standing rule that wherever the parent of any child in any school shall object to the reading of the condemned volumes during school hours, not only Dr. WHATELEY'S Book of Evidences, but the extracts from the Bible also, shall be banished from the schooL What the ultimate aspect of these cotemporaneous decisions by the Roman Catholic Synod and the ' National Board of Education may be, it would be pre mature to anticipate. But as it is notorious that a preponderating number of the Commissioners are Government officials, it is most desirable that the views of Ministers and of those who are charged with the conduct of affairs in Ireland should, without any needless delay, be laid before Parliament and the country. A grand horticultural fete, on a scale never at tempted before in Dublin, was given y esterday in the fine botanic gardens of the Ro yal Dublin So ciety at Olasnevin . It was attended by his Excel lency the Lord Lieutenant and the Countess of St. Germans, and by all the persons of ratat and fashion now assembled in Dublin, and exceeded in success the most sanguine expectations. A proportionate falling off in the attendance at the Great Industrial Exhibition was of course anticipated, but fortu nately such was not the result ; for while the season ticket-holders were drawn off to the Irish Chiswick, the number of visitors at the Exhibition amounted I to some 7,500, and the receipts at the door actually exceeded the amount of any former day. The work ing classes are now beginning to enjoy the wonders of the new temple of industry, and large excursion parties are beginning to arrive daily from the coun try. One party of 400 arrived yesterday from Dun dalk by steamer, and after spending the day at the Exhibition returned home in the evening. Mr. John Leaky, of Killarney, has addressed the electors of Tralee, offering himself as a recruit for the "Irish independent party." He is a gentleman of much local influence, and next to Air. Daniel O'Connell has decidedly the best chance of success. Some lands in the county of Roscommon were sold yesterday . in the Ineumbered Estates Court, and fetched prices varying from 19 to 24 years' purchase on the nett yearly rent. A meeting of the Ulster provincial tenant right de puties was held in Belfast on Tuesday, to consider the Landlord and Tenant Bill now before parliament. Mr. Sharman Crawford stated hie views on the sub ject at some length, and after a good deal of consul tation, the following resolution was unanimously adopted : That this meeting feels that the bill styled a Tenants' Compensation Bill, u prepared by the select committee of the House of Commons, is objectionable and insufficient in many respect•, both as regards its provisions and its omis aions, and in its present form would be wholly unfit for acceptance by the tenants of Ireland—at the same time, we do not propose its rejection, but recommend that such alte rations and amendments should be made in it as would im prove its construction and operation, and render it capable of being received as an instalment of those claims which the tenants of Ireland are justly entitled to demand front the legislature. A committee was then formed to consider the amendments which ought to be urged on the House of Commons, and to communicate with the deputa tion appointed at a meeting held in March last, who are requested by this meeting to continue their 'services. i '1 I