The Express. — London, England, 1853-11-11 00:00:00

the entregii. TO CORRESPONDENTS. ♦essood Edition '• The Myron," rostaisft taw same er•nlner “Garrtte," u publialard wry Tvoik:ay and Mel aVit. for post &Moments intended for "The repreee," Landow Eeeeteg pKwe. mem be et tee Mace, It, kloweerkeetreet, by Two ec:cee ow the d my of piabiteados. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE . Tom DaT—Moreing, 111. I eh... Av. Tomioaauw —Nothing, OIL. his Afteremn, Ih. 4.e. LONDON, FRIDAY, NOIT.ILBER 11. NtrttotAs the just, the humane, the pacific, has spoken out. An Imperial Manifesto of the 21st alt. has bcen published in the Se. Teteribury .I.olrnal, and gives the world to know that the EMPEROR has resolved there shall bn war. The war is to be a religious one—. fur the defence of the orthodox faith in the East." Russia, we are told, moreover, has been " provoked to the combat ; " its demands have been " moderate ;" its patience and forbearance sus exampled ; and it only has recourse to arms reluc tantly, in order to " compel the Ottoman Govern ment to respect existing treaties.' Never has • more revolting, unmingled aggregation of falsehood and hypocrisies been obtruded on a shocked and nauseating world. The "or thodox faith in the East" has tot been 'mailed or endangered. The members—lay and clerical—of the Greek Church in the Ottoman em pire make and have made no complaint of ill-treat ment by the Porte or any of its local subordinate officers. No Russian subject has had cause of com plaint in Turkey. The questions raised in the Mevrnneoe r notes and protocols related to miser able points of etiquette between Greek sad Latin monks at Jerusalem, and a squabble between these worthies as to which of them ought to be keepers of the key of a deserted and uninhabited monas tery in the neighbourhood. The pretensiocs advanced by the Russian Ambassador, in the name c: his Sovereign, to dictate to the St LTV4 betrayed long ago the real and ultimate object of the Cz.sr.—the attainment of such a recognition of a right on his part to judge between the SULTAN and his subject* as his equally unscrupulous predecessor, CATUR. lira 11., obtained from the Poles, and used, as all the world now sees, to break up the Polish State, and appropriate the largest portion of its territory and subjects to Russia. Russia has not been " provoked to the combat: . Massie poured its rude, licentious, rapacious soldiery into the territories of the SULTAN, while its own monstrous demands were still under discussion. Even if the consideration whether the Russians or the Turks have justice on their side could be left out of account, still it would be unblushing impudence in the power which first appealed to arms—which invaded the territory of the other before the latter had even begun to muster troops—to speak of being "provoked to the combat." The appeal of Russia to existing treaties is equally untenable. The NlENcntEuFr demands can only be supported by strained interpretations et casual phrases and words occurring in various treatise which have from time to time been concluded between the two They are equally at variance with the general tenor of the treaties referred to, and the inalienable rights of independent states. The plain English of the Imperial Russian Manifesto Is, that the Cr is is determined his will shall be law foe neighbouring states as well as is his own; and that, to assert the predominance of his will, be is ready to employ the extremities of brute force. The Imperial Russian Manifesto is a declaration that Russia, which has coveted the Danubian Provinces since the time of PETER I. ; which has repeatedly entered them with hostile parade, for the purpose of appropriating them, and as often sneaked out again, when asked by an army what it sought there ; be lieves that the time has arrived when it man safely retain them, and ventures at last to try the fortune of war. About the beginning of last cen tury Russia solicited the Danubian Provinces to revolt from the SULTAN. Towards the close of hat century Russia persuaded the Danubian Provinces to accept of its mediation with the SULTAN. and re• cognise it in some sort as a patron sod protector. And now the CZAR invades and subjects to all the horror. of war the Provinces that Russia has pledged itself protect,—though they have committed no offence. The present condition of these nnoffending Pro. vinces is indeed most pitiable. A rode, rapacious foreign soldiery swarms over the face of the country whose commanders could not restrain it from the commission of plunder and other outrages, even though they were anxious so to do. The whole revenues of the country have been sequestrated by the Russian authorities; the pettiest local municipa lities have been compelled to yield up their scanty treasure chests to the invader. A ridiculously low prig, is fixed upon the provisions and other supplies taken from the natives for the soldiers; and for any attempt to obtain a better price, for any murmur or remonstrance, the offender is beaten, bayonetted, or shot. Two hostile armies are closing in combat in Wallachia; villages will be attacked, defended, taken, horned ; peasants with their waggons and oxen will be forced to yield unremunerated services to the combatants ; men, women, and children, driven from their homes in the dead of winter will find themselves enclosed between contend. ing e9rps dartnee, and will be shot down and gallopped over in the heat of conflict. These mise ries, in part already felt, in part impending, are driving the people from their country. The principal magistrates have already taken refuge on the Aus trian territory, and as many of the population ea have any means of locomotion are following thou. A simple, harmless, industrious people are thus sp. pressed, because the Emperor of RUSSIA covets his neighbour's territory,—has resolved to seize it by the swoed. Yet all the time the lawless, greedy oppressor prates about his piety, his long-suffering, his equity— and pretends to think that Europe will listen patiently! It is consoling to reflect, that, at least as far es is yet apparent, the wrong-doer and his brute instru ments ars likely to be the sufferers. If Austria re main true to its professions of neutrality, the Rus sians in Wallachia are caught like wolves in a trap, We showed yesterday how they are closed in, in front and on both flanks, by Turkish forces ; how the Turks in their own country are in a condition to receive constant npplies and reinforcements. We added that the Russians are remote from both. It is from Poland and Northern Russia that they must look for either. To forward them by Odessa would be as long and difficult a land journey as to Walla chia ; and besides, the Turks are too strong on the south bank of the Danube to admit of their ascend ing from the sea. The only ingress or egress into or from Wallachia left open to the Russians is the narrow strip of country that inter venes between the bend of the Danube above Galata and the termination of the mountain chain which forms the northern boundary sr Wallachia• To the west of the latter point the Austrian territory of Transylvania intervenes between the Russians and Wallachia, and for Austria to permit the transport of Russian troops or stores acme this country would ►e to violate the neutrality it professes. The Hus ain:is in Wallachia will soon exhaust the supplies of the Province ; the population, already inimical to them, rendered desperate by privations, will become THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 11, 1853. is that of Mr. Cooke, in hie just published letter to the President of the Board of Track, propoiss that in each county a certaia number of parishes should be carefully selected, as representing the diversities of soil, culture, and climate existing throughout the county; and that an stnintervaitting observation of those parishes should go an through out the year—a frequent computation of the whole being made and published from the sample. We need not point out that the one thing to be esta blished is that any selection of parishes can be representative of the whole. It is possible that an average of soil may be ascertained, and that an upland district here, a lowland one there, and a maritime or alluvial portion elsewhere, may be indi cated as pretty fairly representing a fourth, or sixth, or tenth of the county (though our parish bounds have nothing to do with considerations of soil and climate); but what is to be done about differences Of agricultural skill? How are we to get at any ave rage, or be sure of any sample, of farming ability ?1 To us, we acknowledge, this part of the business seems hopeless. As long as a good farmer can get more produce out of poor land than a bad farmer can get out of rich land, we do not see how the sample principle can be brought into application at all. It is not even true yet, however it may be here after, that the example of profitable farming spreads. Nothing is commoner than to see the field of the sluggard lying between the little hills that are rejoicing on every side in fertility and freshness. If, however, there are many who agree with Mr. Cooke about local averages of farming skill, by al mewl let them try his proposed experiment. There are already three English counties from which full returns have just been obtained. It must be com paratively easy to obtain next year's statistics in those three counties. Let both methods—that of total' and that of sample returns—be tried, and we shall have, in the comparison of their results, something like evidence of how the easier plan would answer. If we admitted Mr. Cooke's estimate of the cost of a total survey (that it would cost above 300,0001. a year), we might be nearer to agreeing with him about a substitute: but we are far from believing that when regular and general agricultural surveys are permanently instituted, the cost need be anything like this. The fees or salaries of existing land valuers, with a contingent business, are not fair data from which to calculate the expenses of an organised and perpetual survey. As to the agency—it is clear the, whatever we may at last decide upon, we must not apply to the occupiers of the land. Putting aside all doubts spring ing from moral grounds, there cat be little hope of reliable returns from men so various in capacity, in education, and in tendencies of mind ; so busy, too, probably so unwilling, and certainly so irrespon sible. Their relations with their .andlords do not admit of their being our statistical sgents ; nor does their daily business ; and it will be some time before they, as a body, become aware of the advantages to themselves of what we are seeking to obtain. We must have a good agency b begin with, — probably of district surveyors (or poor law officials), who might, however, unite a goal deal of other business with that of preparing their statistical returns. The work will probably be expensive at first ; and if it is, we ought not to grudge it. It is not conceivable that it could cost so much as the country loses by any one year of groping tillage, unconcerted procedure, and random production—to say nothing of the losses from needless panics on occasion, and from the timcrous uncertainty which besets us, in one form or mother, every day of every year. SERIOUS CHARGE AGAINST POLICEMEN. Sts,—A report having appeared in your paper of to-day of a cams of unjust interference by the police, heard before Mr. Bingham, at Marlborough -street police court, which does not embrace the points of the case, I beg to forward you a statement of the actual circumstances, in the hope that you will have the kindness to give it insertion in your valuable journal. I am, &c., J. YORK, Clerk to the Commissioners. Saint James's, Westminster, 14, Marshall-street, Nov. 10, 1853. The COolltillitOlNTS for Ferias, &e., the Parish of Saint James's, Westminster, have for a considerable period been mach dissatisfied with the manner in which the ditties of the police of the district has been carried out, and also the enormous rates levied, for the little services rendered to the puishionen and the public ; the negligence. and minions of their duties have from time to time been represented at Scotland yard, with bat temporary improvement ; and at length they sought for and ebtaised an interview with Lord Palmerston, who premised inquiry and redress. Their com plaints wore sent by his lordship to the Commissioners of Polies, who, in their turn, referred them to their newly appointed superintendent of this (the C) division, whose replies, from an utter want of knowledge of the matters com plained of, and an apparent desire to make the worm spinar the better reuoa, have ceased the board to appoint a coat mates to investigate the accuracy, or refute the inaccuracies contained in each replies. With a view to doing so, the com mittee appointed a man who haa been many years in their employ, and perfectly trustworthy, to obtain for them certain statistical information relative to vagrants, prostitutes, the.; this man (W. E. Clarke), whilst so employed, appears to have attracted the curiosity of the Pollee, and h►ving seen one of the constables (No. 88) in conversation with a French prostitute, in Sherrard-street, on Tuesday night, who opened her purse and pee him money, he then noted down the number of such women he had seen that night, and was aft , rward. followed by that constable and another into Brewer•street (not Windmill-striret, u sworn to by them), who without any notice seined him by the collar and commenced kicking his heels, to throw him oft his feet, but having failed in so doing they beat down his hat, tore his coat, and conveyed him to the station-house, where he was locked up on a chugs of being drank, and not per mitted to communicate with any one. On the way to the polio court in the morning he saw a fellow-workmen, and thus it became known that he was in custody, which being conveyed to the vestry-room, where the paving board was then sitting, three of its members volunteered to appear on the man's behalf before the magistrate, bet two constables and an inspector score to che man's drunkenness; and the magistrate was thus com pelled to convict, bat kindly agreed not to de so if the man could produce six wiisesses to prove his sobriety. The Board's inspentee was at the station-house early in the morning, reverAbes the mdesoaduct of two other con stables, yet was not 1/1118/111 1111 f Clarke's incarceration ; and the notes taken by the 'winner up to the moment of his arrest clearly convises the Commissioners of his entire sobriety, which is else backed by many of them, and their workmen declasint that he has never been Nell by any one of them in the Wig test degree intoxicated. Comment upon this groat case is unnecessary ; bet the Commissioners for Paving will know how to follow up the investigation of the circumstances, which are fraught with the jeopardising the liberty sad character of respectable persons. TILL NEXT OVERLAND AUSTRALIAN MAIL is due on the 30th of this month. Its dates should In Sydney, September 20 ; Melbourne, 24 ; Adelaide, 27 ; and Swan River, October 3. INFANT NURSERY, ST. MARTIN-IN•TUE-FIELDS. —Yesterdsy a new institution designed for the cue of the young children of those inhabitants of St. Martin-in-the- Field' whose daily occupations do not admit of th►ir br stowing upon them proper attention, wu opened under the active superintendence of the Viscountess Goderich, Mrs. W. Ewart Gladstone, Mrs. J. Stuart Wortley, Mrs. Hyde Parker, Mrs. Sydney Clarke, and several other pa rishioner& Trained nurses of good character have been engaged, and every effort has been made that the arrange ments of tie Institution shall be of such a character as will carry out the benevolent designs of its icunders. The Rev. Henry Mackenzie, M.A., the vicar, is president, and the Rev. C. J. D'Opley, M.A., minister of St. John's church, Broad-court, Drury-lane, has taken the once of secretary of the sew institution, which is ►ituate in Oree-strest, Lekestersquare. still more so ; a large proportion of the soldiers are dead, or in the hospital ; and a healthy, well-fed Turkish army, flushed with preliminary victories, encompasses them on three sides. The chief chances of the CZAR are in the possible faithlessness of his imperial brother of Austria ; in the intrigue. of the monarch recently admitted to the honour of a nuptial alliance with Austria; and the vacillations or the weakness of the English PREYIER. The speech of the King of the BLLOIANS, at the opening of the Legislative Session, is indeed, and in two respects, a most remarkable document. Whether the reign of NAPOLEON 111. will turn out a blessiog to Fran°s it is not easy to say, but that reign seems very likely to produce great benefits to Belgium. So many, and such important legislative ameliora tions have not been poured out for the acceptance of the Belgians by their Sovereign in any former session since his accession as now. And it is clear that all this is the result of his determination to outbid his imperial neighbour for popular favour. To this end LEOPOLD has even condescended to plagiarise the credit fonder of NAPOLEON. The other remarkable feature of the speech is the passage in which LzoroLD recognises his con nexion with Austria as the guarantee of "perpetuity to my dynasty." He has identified the fate of his family with that of the house of HAPSBURG, and must sink or swim with it—must adopt its friend- ships and enmities—make and break treaties u it does. If Austria is ordered by Russia to assist in die subjugation of Turkey, will Belgium be arrayed on the same side ? AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS. -+- The more the commerce of the world is disturbed by anticipated or actual war, the more necessary it becomes that we should be able to reckon up our resources at home. It is quite indispensable that we should know how much material for manufacture— inch as wool and flax—we may rely on producing within our own boundaries; and most urgently, what food we raise. A year and a half ago, when the supply of wool from Australia was believed to be endangered, the Yorkshire manufacturers made such loud complaints about their enforced ignorance of the quantity of wool grown at home, that public attention was roused k our lamentable want of agricultural statistics; and now, when large sup-, plies of corn from the Danube and the Black Sea seem likely to be intercepted by war, we are beginning to take for granted that it is an in tolerable thing that we should not know at any time how much food there is in the country. We are going to have a plan of statistical inquiry into the agricultural produce of the kingdom. The most en lightened men demand it; Government intends it; and a beginning has been undo both in Scotland and England. In lrebuid an immense mats of informa tion had been obtained before. It may be considered settled that we are to know how much grain of all sorts we grow; how many beasts of all sorts we rear, and what we have to feed them with ; what oil yielding seeds we produce, and what Sax and wool for our manufactures; and what timber is rising for our shipping and building. When we set about learning what poultry, eggs, butter, and cheese we have to offer for boots consumption and for exportation, we shall go on, no doubt, to inquire into the produce of our waters as well as of the land, and may become sensible that our people might be much better and more abundantly fed with much leas troublo than by hungering on the one hand and alms-giving on the other,—even if the alms were them/mates eatable. However this may be,—we now admit that little can be done in the way of agricultural improvement, and the reform of manufacturing and commercial economy, till we understand what our resources are in regard to the prime necessaries of life and industry. The great question is, at present, what are the statistics we are to obtain, and how are we to get them ? It is a great thing to know, by means of the Irish survey, what the resources of Ireland were at a given date : but it is clear that tie value of the knowledge must decrease every year unless the first expceition is made a mere basis for subsequent returns. The future historian would be glad to know what we grew of every sort this very year; but nobody between us and the future historian would be very much the better for it, if the statement were not to be followed up. Our returns must clearly be frequent. To have them annual will not do, be cause they will then answer only half the purpose of guidance. The Government would be very glad to know now, for guidance, precisely how much food there is in the country ; but the farmer would have only half the information he is entitled to require if he were to know no more till this time next year. The farmers would work, not so absolutely in the dark as at present, but still in a groping sort of way, if no one of them knew what anybody else was doing till their crops were all in the barn. The returns must be half-yearly at the very least,--after the sowing time as well as the harvest; and many people think they should be quarterly, and others that they should be perpetual; that is, that every change should be noted, as the growth of the crops, and the character of each season become disclosed. There is no doubt about the benefits of such complete knowledge, if it could be obtained. There can be no doubt that panics would be obviated, that production and prices would be equalised; that the supply of the prime necessary of life would cease to have anything of the character of a lottery ; and that, when it had become as regu lar and well-understood a species of commerce as any other, the farmers would have their share of the occasional high profits which have hitherto made the precarious large fortunes of the corn merchants, while exempt, with them, from the fatal depressions which have made that trade only another name for purblind speculation. Perpetual returns would enable the cultivators to reduce extreme partial abundance by timely varying their tillage; and they would of course enable the corn merchants to obtain timely supplies in the prospect of a deficiency. It is not possible to have too much knowledge on any subject whatever, and especially on that on which depends our life, comfort, and prosperity. How is the knowledge to be obtained? In con_ sidering this, we may begin with the fact that in Lombardy the knowledge is obtained. There, every 1 , agricultural item is registered, even to the number of the mulberry trees and their annual condition. This is not the place for any discussion of the system there, which rather comes under the head of tenant right argument : but it is worth mentioning that there is a place in the world where agricultural sta tistics are complete, and the returns perpetual. As with us there is no resource of custom, we have to consider whether the returns shall be detailed to the utmost, and with what degree of detail they shall be published ; and again, who is to make the returns; and once more, what is to be the guarantee of a faithful return. Nobody desires, we believe, that the returns shall be published in all their details. Nobody but a handful of official men would read them. The ques tion is whether detailed returns from the whole kingdom should be attempted at all; for, once ob tained, there could be no difficulty in condensing and classifying them, and presenting their results—as the Americans have done en admirably with their last census. The newest proposition on this bead LATEST . FROM ABROAD. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. (BY BLIICTLIC TILZOR•?M.) PARIS, FRIDAY. - - The Monittur states that the naval divisions, French and English, have anchored in the Bosphorus• The Admirals, Hamelin and Dundee, are at Con stantinople. Hostilities nave commenced on the frontier of Asia in the same manner u on the Danube. In Asia the Turks have met with some success. VIENNA, THURSDAY EVENING The following conditions are insisted on in an ultimatum presented by Omer nicht" to Prince Gortscbskoff: " All the strong places in the Principalities to be given into the hands of the Turks immediately; the complete evacuation of the Principalities as speedily as possible, and a guarantee of all the Powers agaiust similar invasion." 13EELIN, Nov. 9. It is expected at St. Petersburg that the Emperor would shortly leave for the south. Orders had been sent to Kief for the immediate revision of the last military census. CONSTANTINOPLE, Oct. 27. Reschid Pacha has inquired of M. Bruck whether, in case of a war, the Russians will be allowed to supply the Montenegrins with arms and the mate rials of war by the port of Cattaro. A later despatch from Constantinople of the 31st ult. announces a second conflict between the Rus sians and Turks, which took place on the Asiatic coast of the Black Sea, and not far from Battoun. BELGRADE, Nov. 3. The official Gazette of the Bervian government contains a decree by which every person capable of bearing arms is ordered to possess himself of a good serviceable rifle. Parties needing the article may obtain it at cost price from the arsenal. Prince Alexander has assured the Porte that no foreign power will be allowed to violate the Servian territory. FRANCE. -•-- PARIS, Taraszizy EVENING. The great fact of to-day, one of tar greater moment than the battles of more or less importance on the Danube, is contained in the despatch by which we are informed that the Czar has thrown away the scabbard. Thus while diplomacy at Constantinople was pressing the Sultan to suspend hostilities to the manifest disadvantage of the Turkish cause, Nicholas was preparing a threatening and warlike manifesto at St. Petersburg. The Piens expresses an opinion that this manifesto must inevitably turn out Lord Aberdeen. The Moniteur publishes the same account of the battle at Oltenitza, as was given in the Patrie last night, and says, "it appears to be worthy of credit." This is an important confirmation. The Patrie, in two separate articles, speaks with great severity of the Russian manifesto. In its latest news it says : " In declaring that the Ottoman Porte has violated treaties, and provoked the combat, the Czar seems to forget that he is speaking to the entire world, which knows the facts, and will judge in the name of justice, right, and civilisation. We are assured, for the rest, that the manifesto, taken as a whole, is conceived in such a manner as to justify the intention attributed to Russia in a letter from St. Petersburg, of carrying on a war of exter mination against Turkey." At the Bourse the confirmation of the engagement of Oltenitza and the news from St. Petersburg, pro duced a fall of 30c. or 40c. in the rente. With that extraordinary tenacity which has been the character istic of the last few dave, prices soon began, how ever, to recover, and at one time reached 73fr. 80e, the last quotation of yesterday. At the close the fall was only 20c. The railways generally declined but little. Towards the close of the day it was rumoured that another bloody battle had been fought between the Turks and Russians, which had lasted 17 hours, land was not concluded when the despatch left. This is probably the same action as that alluded to in the despatches which speak of a battle lasting 28 hours on the 4th and Lth. The despatches in the London journals which speak of 3,000 Russians as engaged at Oltenitza, are evi dently erroneous. The number should be 9,000, which, according to the authentic accounts, was the force under General Pauloff. It appears from a private letter in the Patric that the Fort of Isachta was not burnt as the Russians pretend. They merely succeeded in setting fire to a little village in the neighbourhood, entirely composed of wooden houses. I learn to-day, from a good source, that General Canrobert is going to St. Petersburg on a special mission. This has been said more than once by way of rumour, but if I am rightly informed, he will now set out immediately, and his errand is one of vital importance. In connection with this subject, I think irht to mention a connected story I have just heard, which I sincerely hope may not be tree, for should it be so, it will appear that the English government ha s been pursuing a course not only discreditable to them, but perilous to the nation, and one that may lead to infinite com plications. It is said then, that the Russian minister in London, persevering in the policy of seeking to sow dissension between France and England, recently made very plausible advances to the English cabinet, repeated in very explicit terms the assurances so frequently made by the Czar, of his pacific and moderate intentions, and expressed on his part the utmost anxiety to accept any reasonable terms of arrangement for the *lce of peace. At the same time reasons were adroitly alleged why it would be painful to the Czar to treat with France, but it was strongly represented that a proposition made by England alone would have every chance of being accepted. It was in pursuance of this intrigue that a plan was hit upon in London for making the King of the Belgians arbitrator. Leopold, however, saw at once that the French Emperor, who has hitherto—apparently, at least—aoted with such frank endiality in concert with England throughout, would take umbrage at any arrangement from the framing of which he had been studiously excluded, and therefore excused him self un the ground of the delicacy of his position from accepting the proposed office. There is reason to believe that as soon as the plan for isolated negotia tion by the St. James's cabinet came to the know ledge of the court of St. Cloud, Louis Napoleon did feel much hurt, and the appointment of General Baragnay d'Hilliers to represent his own views in an especial manner at Constantinople, was tho imme diate consequence. General Can robert'a mission to St. Petersburg is now said to be a further step in the new direction given to French policy by the partial success of Russian intrigues in London. He will, I am told, be instructed to lay before the Czar an ul timatum drawn by France alone, upon the an swer to which the question of general peace or general war will depend. It is to be hoped that all this may be susceptible of explanation, but it can serve no good purpose to conceal the fact that great uneasiness is felt here owing to the prevalence of rumours that the two Western Powers arc not so fully agreed upon a course of action as is generally represented and commonly taken for granted. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. The Breslau Zeituray states that news had been received at Constantinople of 20,000 Russian troops having been attacked and entirely dispersed by 30,000 mountaineers, in a defile whilst on their march from Daghestan to the Turkish frontier. It has been stated that the French and English Consuls were about to leave Bucharest and Jassy, consequent upon the withdrawal of the Hospodars. The latest letters from the Principalities state that this is a mistake, the consuls not having a strictly diplomatic character, and not being ricereilited t•' the Prince personally, will remain at their posts as long as they can render service to their respective euuutries. Letters from Bucharest announce that a number of young Wallachiana have fed into the Carpathian • mounains, rather thil•taid arms against the Turks at the command of Prina Oortschakoff. Omer Puha has supplied ;hum with arms andiammunition, and their numbers ado increasing daily. A letter from Oalett- of the 29th ult. states that fears are entertained there of the approach of the Terks, as there is no Russian garrison in the town. There are 12,000 of the Russian troops in hospital through tho Principalities. - CONSTANTINOPLE, Ocr. 27. Austria, we are told, has entered into an engage ment with the Porte to remain strictly neutral, on condition of the exclusion of refugees from service in the Turkish army. M. de In Cour, to-day, is to have an audience with the Sultan. The fleets are not yet in port, in consequence of the gale from the north; hut several line-of-battle ships have passed the Dardanelles, and are stationed at Gallipoli, Lampsaka, and other ports of the Hel lespont. Every messenger from the camp confirms the ac counts already received with regard to the excellent health and spirit of the army. Omer Dacha is the idol of his troops. Vigilant, indefatigable, he is seen, it is said, at times with stick in hand and common albs on his back, sharing their toils and simple soldiers' fare. I have heard, besides, an anecdote which proves the extreme attention of this officer to all the details of the service. After exer cise one day he summoned the officers to his tent and ' ' ordered them to ascertain by a frank confession whether there were any men in tht different divi sions exhibiting symptoms of fear at the approach ing conflict, and that in such case they must quit the ranks or be otherwise employed. It is almost in credible that, amongst so many thousands of troops, there were only six men to be found who manifested, on inquiry, a want of courage, and they were in stoutly released from service. But all the efforts of the commander-in-chief failed to protect them from insult ; they were spit upon and hooted out of the camp, covered with shame and ignominy. PICTURE OF IIENCHIKOFF. - 4. - Menchikoff has invariably refused to sit to any artist. lie is about 70 years of age, of middle stature, has close cat milk white hair, a high open forehead, sharply defined features and a bright sparkling eye. His gait is haughty, but slightly limping, from a wound that he re. calved in a singular manner, at the siege of Yarns, en 1823 One evening, having given some orders that he wished to see implicitly obeyed, be strolled through the camp ; and as ho was returning to his quarters he stopped and remained with his legs stretched wide apart while he enjoyed a pinch of snuff. Suddenly the report of a heavy gun was heard, and the Prince fell headlong to the grouud. When he was taken up it was found that a cannon ball had passed between hie legs and wounded him severely in the thigh. Prince Menchikoff is ens of the most extensive landed proprietors in the empire. and counts his serfs by thousands; but unlike the generality of the Russian nobles, he adds daily to his wealth. Ili, economy is without a parallel, end indeed is stated to descend to parsimony of the lowest grade, but however grinding his extortion in his patrimonial estate, on all grand state occasions his appearance, carriages, and suite me most magnificent. lie possesses a superb mansion at St. Petersburgh; his establishment of servants and equipage is on a scale of the most lavish expense, and he is surrounded by numerous aids-dc-camp glittering in " bar baric gold and pearls." Another striking peculiarity of this remarkable man is the aversion he entertains for foreigners. Not one—even en ambassador—has ever been permitted to enter his palace. lie is both rough and tickle, and when anything offends him becomes absolutely brutal. But while he bends to the imperial yoke from motives of avarice or ambition, he revenges his official servitude by browbeating, threatening and abusing all who have the misfortune to be connected with him ; and as he is a man of considerable talent and indomitable energy, he succeeds most marvellously in his amiable occupation. It is not therefore to be wondered at that be has many enemies. Menehikoff is married to the Princess Dolgorouki, by whom he has a son and a daughter.— United &Ma Gazette. CANING A PRIME MINISTER. -~ -- His Excellency John Daniel Louis Frederick Has sespflug, Minister of State of the Interior and of Justice to his Royal Highness the Elector of Hesse-Cassel, has received a public caning before the doors of the Theatre at Cassel, at the hands of Count Isenburg. M. Hums; flag's name is well known in Germany, and his exploits are not forgotten in England. How he fled from Prusia to escape the consequences of peculation, of which he was convicted in court ; how, after he became the fit tool o! the Elector of Hesse-Cassel he was fain to flee by night with his mas ter, and returned only with Austrian and Banrian soldiers, is well remembered by thousands of oppressed Hessians, and by scores of magistrates, judges, mayors town coun cillors, and parliamentary deputies now in prison for peace fully protecing against his illegalities. For these crimes he went unpunished. Now, by • retributiox not uncom• moo, he has been made to smart for what was probably an act of duty. His offence was having prevented the eleva tion of the Countess of Wachtcrsbach to the dignity of a Hessian princess. One wholesome effect has already fol lowed Hassenpflug's suffering: Count beating.; had no sooner committed the outrage than he fled to Gotha, so that Hesse is not likely to be henceforth plagued with both these personages at onoe. A TURKISH IVEDDING. --•-- A correspondent, dating Constantinople, Oct. 26, says :—To-day are to be celebrated the nuptials of the Grand Vizier's daughter with a son of Mailoum Bey, locum gene= Minister of Finance. All the great func tionaries are invited to assist at this ceremony, and a sump tuous banquet of nearly 300 covers is prepared for their reception. Marriage is no trifle in the East. Open house is kept for several days ; al hundred persons are re galed with all the profusion and hospitality of the Osmanli. A stranger entering at any hour of the day or night is im mediately presented with coffee, sherbet, and the ohi ' bongos ; and if he be " peckish," as is infallibly the ease, a tray, groaning under the weight of its contents, all piping hot, soon follows on the head of an aims. The Sclamlik, or men's apartment, resounds with up rorious mirth, with bustle and festivity. The harem is hung with splendid cashmere shawls, and all decked out in gaytst, gorgeous trim ; yet, strange to say, the huge night. cap of the bridegroom, and his shaving apparatus, are &steed, according to usage, as a prominent decoration of the nuptial chamber. The bride in vestal garb, and veiled in her duv.de, occupies the post of honour on the divan— her cheeks, chin, and forehead protected by splendid talismans from the influence of the evil eye. As evening triw advances, at the Eshrefsaat, or pro pitious hour, the bridegroom enters the harem, dis tributing in all directions handfuls of gold and silver coin. Having performed religiously his ablutions, and offered up the prayers of Yatsis or the first watch, he is then introduced by the Zenki-Kadim into the apartment of his spouse, whom he unveils and sees for the first time, and having taken off the talismans from her face, he places on her turban an aigrette, the Moslem marriage pledge. A boiled fowl is then serve! up on a silver tray, which the bridegroom, carving in summary Turkish style, is reduced to atoms in a twinkling; and having helped himself, and put a morsel into the lady's mouth, the remnants are care fully preserved u a matter of much importance. Finally, ' after this repast, a slave enters with silver ewer and a towel, as is usual for ablution, and then the bride in dutiful bearing, presents her lord with coffee and the chibouque, and both apply themselves to amorous chat and courtship. ROBBERY OF NOTES AND WATCHES.—lnforms lion has been received at the various metropolitan and city police stations, of a daring robbery which was effected on the premi.es of Mrs. Plunkett, No. 28, Chester-square, by the burglars breaking open the area door of an eincoy house a few noon off, when they crossed the parapets, broke open the attic window, and commenced packing up every valu able article. It is supposed that they got disturbed, but they succeeded in taking away nine five pound notes, the numbers of which are 13,508 to 13,417 ; two gold watches, one made by RlCabe, No. 6,384, the other by deli, of Brus sels, No. 930, besides a purse containing 14 sovereigns, and other prop e rty with which they succeeded in getting clear off. The police are engaged in investigating the robbery. A reward has been offered fur the apprehension of the thieves. _ _ _ TILE CHOLERA AT Moserov.—A letter from Mos cow of the 22.e.d ult. static that the cholera, which broke out in that city on the 22a.1 of January last, is now every ' day decEnielg, and, according to all appearances, will soon have disappeared. 1.7 p to the present time the number of eases has been 6,893, of which 3,013 have been fatal. There hare been 3,821 cures, and 59 persons are still tinder treat ment. gDe court. WINDSOR, Nov. 10, The first dramatic performance at the Castle this season took place this evening. The piece selected open this occasion was Shakspeare's historical play, in ti„. act.. " King Henry the Fifth," and the part s were filled &mord ing to the following programme The Chorus King Beery the F.fth Duke or Closter Brothers to the King) Dubose Bedford Mr. Duke of Exeter (Uncle to the Kin g ) Earl of Salisbury Earl. f Westmoreland Mr. Belford. Archbishop of Canterbury Mr. 11. Mangos. Bishop of Ely Eat lof Cambridge ( c ompiriton , / pi n e the ( Mr. . t Lord *coop Mr. al Sir Thomas Grey Xin g ) ' ....... ' NI r. ll e., 6), Thomas 1 .' 0 '4 03 1 lamas. Captain in King I . Addison. Captain Cower lieury's Army) I l'acs‘rt. Captain Fluenen.. air. Lewis Bate. ) Mr. J. W .. • —S. r. How e . rim Bardoiph Pistol Boy .... ......... (Servant to theic) Me.. hate Terry Charles VI., King of Frame Mr. Lout. • Law* the Dauphin Duke of Burguraly The Cons.abie of Frame Mr. Graham. Gosernor of I lordeur Morvjoy. a French herald Isabel, Queen of Fiance Katharine . (Daughter of Charles and babel) M 1.. T. lhaearo. Quickly • (Patiors Wile s an Meuse) Sirs. B. nerd. a. The Scene, at the begir.ning of the P:ay, dee in Engl.-aid, but afterwards wholly in France. Director A ..i.ticnt-Director The Theatre arranged and the scenery ainted by Sir. Thomas Grieve. At eight o'clock the Queen and Prince Albert entered the Ruben. li•som, accompanied by the following illus trious circle, who had previously had the honour of dining with her Majesty: The Duchess of Brabant, the Duke of Brabant, the Duke of Argyll, the Belgian Minister and Ma. dame Van de Weyer, the "light lion. W. E. and Mrs. Gladstone, the Right lion. Sir Wm. and L t ty Moleeworth, Lord Edward Howard, Lord George Lennox, Lurd A lol phus Fitrelarence, the lion. Sir Ralph and Lady Mary Abereromby, and the Ladies and Gentlemen in attendance. The following had the honour of receiving invitati, Ls to be present at the lto)al Entertainne nt : Lady Fretless Bode ' the Dowager Marchion ess o f D ownshire, Lady Mary Hood, Lady Bertha Hastings, Lstly Caroline Bar rington, the lion. Ides. Gordon, the lion. and Ree. Ed. ward Moore, Mrs. and Miss Moore, the lion, and lies. H. Oust, Lady Anna Maria and two Mines Coat, Colonel the Hon. Charles and Mrs. Grey, Colonel the Hon. C. B. Phipps, Sir George and Lady Couper, Miss and Mr. R. Couper, the Res. Seymour Neville, Colonel and Mrs. Challoner, Colonel and Mrs. Craufurd, Lieutenant-Cubed Parker (commanding officer), Captain 11.isrg and Sir Wes. Fraser (of the Ist Life Guards), Colonel Dixon (command. ing officer), Lieutenant-Colonel Blair and Major Molrsom (•1 the 2nd Battalion Scots Fusilier Guards), Captain and Mrs. Cost, Mr. and I. idy Edith Cliltan, Mr. Ralph Ne edle, two Misses Cociric gton, Mr. and Mrs. H. Seymour and Miss Seymour, Mr. Gibbs, and Mr. Glover. The chic' n and her distinguis! , ed company having taken their nests the performance immediately commenced. Her Majesty's private band attended in an ante-room. Refreshments were served in the Throne-room. The dinner party yesterday included the Duke and Duchess of Brabant, the Duchess of Kent, the Duke of Argyll, Monsieur Van de Weyer, the Lady in Waiti ng to the Duchess of Brabant, the Lady in Waiting to the Duchess of Kent, Lady Caroline Barrington, the Hon. Mrs. Gordon, Baroness de Speth, Lord E. Howard, Lard G. Lennox, Colonel the lion. C. and Mrs. Grey, Colonel the Hon. C. B. l'hipps, the Right lion. W. E. Gladstone, Sir G. Conner, Sir J. Clark, Colonel Dixon ' Commanding Officer 2nd Battalion Scots Fusilier Guards; Lieut.-Colonel Parker, Commanding Officer lit Life Guards; Count Gustave de Lsnnoy, Mr. Becker, and Mr. Glover. The baud of the Ist Life Gaited, attended during dinner, and played the following piec's: March—" IL K. B. The Prince of Wales"... Duchess of Kent. Overture—" Die Wedges Welber von %leaser " Potpourri- 6 Il Barbiere dl Pie iglia " Romani. tfalzcr -"Turgentl Erriniertucgeu " Belecticon --Opera "Zayre" Fnedench Kim The Queen's Private Band afterwards attended and played the following compositions : overture, '..teesonda" Selection, " Le+ liugueticAo Mc yet beer. Airs de Ballet, Maaaniello7 • Auber. l'rince Albert, with the D rake of Brabant, went out shooting this forenoon, attended by Lieutenant-Colonel the lion. A. Gordon. The Princess of S.derno 'visited her Majesty today, and afterwards drove to Fregnme and called upon the Dueuess of Kent. The Hon. Matilda Paget end the lion. Mary Seymour have succ.:eded the Hon. Beatrice Byng and the Hen. Eleanor Stanley as Maids of Honour in Waiting to the Queen. The Duke of Argyll, the Belgian Minister, Lord S. Iloward, Lord G. Lennox, and the Right lion. W. E. Glad stone, arrived at the Castle yesterday on a visit. Lord Adolphus Flutekrone, Sir W. auu Lady Moles worth, the lion. Sir Ralph and Lady Mary Abcrcrornby, and Mrs. Gladstone, are expected to remain on a visit. A deputation from the West-End Grand Junction Rail way, consisting of Messrs. Tulle, Mumble, and Nind (pro moters), Messrs. Dunn and Ottawa, (Solicitors), Mr. Sladen (Parliamentary Agent), Mr. Gordon (Consulting Engineer), Mr. Drake (Surveyor), and Messrs. Lewis and Marrable (Architvcts,), had an interview with Sir William Molesworth yesterday at the Office of Works and Public Buildings in Whitehall-place. Sir Charles Foz and Mr. Lionel Gisborne had an inter view with the Earl of Clarendon yesterday at the Foreign office on behalf of the Atlantic and Pacific Junction Com pany. The Ecclesiastical Commissioners for England had a general meeting yesterday at their office in Whitehall place. The Commissioners present were the Bishops of London and Rochester, the Earl of Chichester, the Right Hon. Henry Goulburn, and Mr. J. G. Shaw Leferre. A deputation respecting the Charing Cross Bridge, con sisting of Messrs. Few, Grissell, and Baly had an interview yesterday with Sir W. Molesworth at the office of Public Works and Buildings in Whitehall-place. Despatches were received at the Colonial-office yesterday from the Lard High Commissioner of the lonian Diana. A cabinet council was held yesterday afterncoa at the Foreign-office. The ministers present were the Earl of Aberdeen, Lord John Russell, the Lord Chancellor, Earl Granville. the Duke of Argyll, tho Marquis of Lansdowne, Viscount Palmerston, the Earl of Clarendon, the Duke of Newcastle, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Sir James Graham Sir Chalks Wood, the Right Hon. Sidney Herbert, and Sir William Molesworth. The Council sat three hours. The Duke of Argyll and the Chancellor of the Exchequer arrived in town yesterday morn ing from Windsor Castle, in order to attend the Council. NEW MAYORS. DEVONPOST.—Mr. John Clouter, an active liberal, hu been elected mayor. PLYILOCTII.—Mr. CopaMon Lopes Radcliffe, a solicitor, and a nephew to Sir Ralph Lopes, the M.P. for South Devon, has been elected mayor of the borough. This election is duo rather to local feeling respecting certain parliamentary bills promoted by particular members of the council, than to anything political. The new aldermen, are Mr. Thomas Gill, formerly M.P. for the borough, and Mr. John Kelly, the legal agent in the borough of Mr. Ronodell Palmer. Mr. Alderman HawkEs, the ex-mayor of Bir mingham, was entertained at • banquet, at the Royal Hotel in that town, on Wednesday evening, the new mayor presiding. Mr. blunts, M.P., Mr. Spooner, M.P., and a very large number of the most respectable inhabitants of the town were present, in compliment to Mr. Hawker for the creditable manner in which be has passed through his mayoralty. MISS BAINIVIITH'S SCOTTISH ENTER FAIN- MEN T. Miss Rainforth gave the second of her Scottish Entertainments yesterday evening at the Whittington Club, and was received with discriminating applause by a crowded and attentive audience. Sir Walter Scott's " Idarmion" was selected for the night's reading. The audience listened with commendable patience to the recitation of three long descriptive cantos, which had little recitable about them, and were amply rewarded by the two or three sweet ballads which the lecturer made incidental to the reading. e. Young Lochinvar," the delight of rising elocutionists, wu sang to a pleuing, but scarcely sufficiently animated air, and that fine war song " Blue Bonnets over the Border" with a fire which was rewarded by an unani mous encore. The second part of the entertainment was almost exclusively musical, and comprised several of poor Wilson's gems, which received full justice from Miss Rain forth's pure and musical voice, and well-trained and ex pressive style of singing. Lees reeding and more singing will, we have no doubt, make this lady's entertainments highly popular with the public. THE FORTIFICATIONS IN DEVONFORL —The ex tension of tnese works is being proceeded with, but not with any great rapidity ; whether the delay arises from the unfavourable ociuion of the yeAr, or any doubt of the use fulness of the plans is not known : the latter would not surprise us, for though we would not pronounce the fort ticstions on the land side as useless in that character. yet we cannot help contending, as we have before done, that the public monies are being misapplied, and that expended on some toy works on the land side which might be more efficiently laid out on the neighbouring coast.