The Express. — London, England, 1853-01-15 00:00:00

gizz CramWs. TO CORRESPONDE.ITS. itba - at ?Mtlos q" IClprem,' eassftWns tte pace “•d-g's Ourtv," V raUtiell eruy ?redly sad Friday *Wit, in tine A t. , t . ee Imo W latehAtti foe " The Lewes," LoCos resole 4 , paw, site he at the (Oleo. IC. Georreriwetroot. by Iwo eisitto as the das of p aluica::. a. 111611 WAIEIt AT LONDON 111111..011. Tart thl—magulaz. --- 0011900 . 60 . 11•6 Talluaauw—Murn:ug. u. ..... Attires's. 6c. 4>++. LO Da_', 5.111.7DA1. JAATABY 15. Tim Government have directed that the Cunard Mail steamer—advertised to sail this day—shall be delayed a: Liverpool till to-morrow, in order that she may bear across the Atlantic despatches from the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Lord JOHN 111 %SELL. There is every reason to hope and believe that these despatches arc of a character likely to promote objects in which the public have lung taken deep iuter est. We may expect to ace the present Government play two winning mode in America—the one by the settlement of the Clergy Reserves Question in Canada; the other by arranging Free Trade be tween our American dependencies and the United Sta es. The late government, it is understood, had entered into negotiations with the Americans on I the footing of opening up the fisheries and the St. awrence—within certain restrictions obtainicg in return free intercommunication as to native products between the United States and the British dependencies. The present Free Trade Oovernment cannot do other than follow up in a hearty and cordial spirit any propositions on this subject made by their predecessors. linked it is far more natural to expect a sincere advocacy of Commercial Fn:cdom abroad from a Cabinet of \Vhigs and Pechter, leavened by a wholesome spice of radicalism, than from any administration led by the prottetioeiet Elul of hati;v. The task of carry ing out such advocacy in the present case will, of course, be facilitated by the accession of Mr. PIERCE, democrat and free trader, to the Presidency of the United States. Everything that tends to cement the union between England acd oar Transatlantic brethren must be regarded as highly desirable. In America we ought to find oar very best friends, our surest allies, our most valuable customers. We want Ame rican corn and American cotton, whilst America needs vast supplies of manufactured goods which we can send her better and cheaper than any one else. She needs capital, for which she can offer good security and pay good interest ; whilst are have an abundance of money . seeking good investment. All this invites the most intimate national union. To cement our Canadian dependencies to their Yankee neighbours and cousins, is to rid us of one source of colonial difficulty. The interchange of the native products of the two countries will relieve both from vexatious Custom house regulations, and both from the demoralising effect of a system of smuggling . which now exists, and which no possible vigilance could subdue along so vast an extent of river and lake frontier. To give the Canadian Parliament the power of dealing with the whole question of the Clergy Reserves, to accordance with the constitutional decision of a majority in their Legislature, will be to remove the greatest existing source of local discontent, whilst to arrange the free interchange of commodi ties will bo stimulating an abundant local prosperity. To shut the rivers and canals of Canada against American shipping damages Canada, whilst in juring and imtating her neighbour. If wo were to establish custom-houses on each bank of the Thames from the Nore to Oxford—and if London in Middlesex were to refuse the men of London in Soutl:wark leave to navigate the river except on difficult conditions, we should realise something like the state of things still upheld in Canada. On both sides of the St. Lawrence, as on both sides of the Thames, the people are related one to the other—their habits, views, literature, are alike. Yet on one side they have sugar, cotton, and hardware to change for the corn, timber, and fan of the other. Both are ready to deal with mutual advantage, but the ens• tom-Louse nuisance interferes, trade is checked, and the demoralisation of smuggling induced. To tax the admission of sugar and other Yankee goods into Canada is to levy an extra impost on the Canadians, and if nothing else called for a change of the present plan the welfare of that rising and im rtant possession should in itself be regarded as s cient reason for establishing, at the first possible moment, free inter communication between the two banks of the_ St. Lawrence and the two shores of the great lakes. That secured, and a free passage given to the American shipping on the St. Lawrence, and—upon fair rates of toll—along the Welland Canal, and we have another guarantee for good Peeling and hearty co operation not only between Canadians and Yankees but between the Anglo-Saxons on each side of the Atlantic. To such a consummation no objection can arise unless by fishermen and coasters who fear United States' competition, should the fisheries dispute be settled at the same time on a free trade basis. But the wholesome influences of competition under which our shipping, for instance, has thriven on our own shores, may be extended with advantage to the fish ermen and coasters of the English dependencies in America. If the ~egislature, the Senate, and the PREbIDINT of the United States and the Parliament of England acknowledge the wisdom, justice, and benefit of extending commercial freedom along the vast river line of the St. Lawrence and its gigantic tributary lakes, the mistaken views of a few scattered colonists, fearful of change, can never be permitted to check the ratification of an act of great, wise, and just policy. IN the speeches of the Ministerial candidates for re-election, the subject of Electoral Reform, if not ab solutely avoided, is always very curtly and gingerly handled. It is clearly the tender point of the Minis terial programme, and can only bear to be softly touched. One of the last of our new Ministers who has alluded to it, is the new Scotch Treasury Lord, I Mr. CHARTERIS, who told his constituents at Hadding too, that he and his colleagues " will temperately revise the Reform Bill and the electoral system. But when?—and how? The words of the Hon. Scotch Lord of the Treasury are sufficiently vague; and the only additional light thrown upon them by the context of his speech is a triumphal announce ment, that from Lord DERBY " the deals of office have not been transferred to any democrat." Ministeis should understand that electoral reform is the sheet anchor by which alone they have any chance to ride out the coming storms that threaten to drive them from their snug moorings in office. We believe there never was a Ministry that entered upon office with such a sincere and prevalent disposition in all quarters to expect good at its hands. But after the II th of February this disposition can only be kept alive by deeds on the part of Ministers. Men cannot, though they would, think well of a Ministry who, atter the opportunity for action has come, remain inert or do positive wrong. And of all the measures promised by Lord Anna- Dews, he may rest assured that electoral reform will be most uncompromisingly exacted. The realisation of electoral reform will be taken as the proof that the Whig and Liberal members of the Ministry have not conceded too much to their Con servative colleagues in coalescing with them. No other measure can servo as a substitute. Adminis trative reforms, however urgent and however unex ceptionable, merely prove a desire in individual Minis ters to do handsome things once and away. But by electoral reform Ministers put it out of the power of themselves and all their successors to act otherwise than in accordance with the public sense of what is for the public good. This, therefore, is the only infallible test of the sincerity of the professions of the Coalition Ministry. If elec toral rAorm is indefinitely postponed,—or if an unreal time:fly measure is brought forward, —nothing will be able to convince the relormers throughout the king dom that the reforming members of the Coalition Ministry have sacrificed principle to their eagerness to obtain place. Follows the question, what weight in the scale of out-of-doers support is to be attributed to the class of electoral reformers ? One thing is certain, that towards the close of Sir Ronerir PEEL'S life, he was by far the strongest of living statesmen in public opinion. When a corn law was to be repealed, or any similar concession MINNImm THE IXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, JANUARY 15, 1853. the orders of the minister with whom alone it was in correspondence. The ordinance of Nov. 20, 1861, abolished the maritime prefects, and substituted the old control for the system of inspectios. Sub- , sequently, on the 17th of Dec., 1828, the maritime prefectures were revived in a modified form, the con trol was reorgnised, and again termed " inspection," but its action was so weakened that the in stitution could not fail to fall into decay. On January 3. 1835, the commissariat of the navy was created, tho corps of administration and inspection were both absorbed in that body, and thus all control was pretty nearly suppres.cd. The author of that measure mistook the essential cha racter of the; of ject he desired to attain when he blended two incompatible institutions, and founded an administration with no other control than its own. In consequence of loud and repeated complaints, which speedily found an echo in tho Legislative Chambers, the government, in 1844, increased the powers of the maritime prefects, and re-established the control. But this control was not constituted according to the principles of the consular decree. It consisted of permanent bodies, established in all the ports. M. Duces then proceeds to say Blot, with regard to the merits of the regulations of 1811, opinions have been much divided, but that in his view they arc open to three main objec tions. The stationary comptrollers were liable to be affected by local preferences and dislikes, the num ber of secondary agents to tho comptrollers was too large, thus occasioning needless expense, and, worse still, multiplying the formalities of supervision to a vexatious extent, and the hierarchical organisatim of the superintending savoured of the haste witli which the measure a 1844 was passed, and was im perfect. Ile then explains that under the provisions of the new decree the inspectors of the first class will go the circuit of the different maritime ports, accord ing to orders from the minister of marine, with whom they will have frequent opportunities of oral communications. Ile is of opinion that a minister may learn more in a quarer of an hour's conversation with the inspectc,lis than he could from voluminous Written reports, which fatigue the writer and ex haust the attention of the reader. He speaks of extensive reforms being necessary in the organisation of the ports and arsenals, end relies upon the ex• ertions of the inspectors to aid in their rapid and effectual execution. The decree creates four first class inspectors, with salaries of 10,000 fr., and 1,200 fr. for lod gings; four second class inspectors, with salaries of 8,000 fr., and 1,200 fr. for lodging ; five inspectors, with 5,000 fr., and 960 fr. for lodging, and several first and second class assistant inspectors, with proportionate salaries. M. Ducos says, in con cluding his report, that by reason of the suppression of many subordinate appointments, the whole annual expense of the inspection will be but 232,000 fr. instead of 282,000 fr.•, thus effecting an economy in this department of 50,000 fr. By a decree dated Jan. Ist, published to-day, a large number of prefects and sub-prefects are ap pointed to, or promoted in, the legion of honour. A decree dire is that the duty payable upon foreign salt used in salting cod shall be calculated at the rate of DO kilogrammes of salt for every 100 kilos. of fish. M. Alphonse Karr has been arrested u the author of a lampoon upon the Emperor, published in the " Guepean consisting of these words —"Balinguy eat un cog inaptiesant." This, in itself, appears non sense, but Ballow is one of the many nicknames by which his Majesty is irreverently designated in familiar conversation, and the public prosecutor will have no difficulty in establishing that cog impuissant is the hidden meaning of a phoase apparently des criptive of a feeble fowl. The wording of the official contradiction of the rumour relative to Marshal St. Arnaud's transactions at the Bourse has excited a good deal of astonish ment. People think it anything but complimentary to the Minister-at-War that the Emperor, desirous of knowing the " truth " as to the nature and origin of the rumour, should for a moment have thought it necessary to pursue his inquiry further than asking a question of the marshal himself. The admission that an " investigation " was ordered is considered very extraordinary. _ _ . The Emperor yesterday presided in person in the Council of State, where ho sat upwards of three hours. The subject under consideration was a bill for the regulation of pensions for civil servants. Prince Napoleon Bonaparte was also present. The budget for 1854 has been laid beforo the Council of State. By an error in the MS. of our telegraph despatch yesterday, a portion of the figure 9 being illegible, the figures 79 fr. were made to appear as 70 fr. The context of the despatch fortunately prevented any reader interested in French prices from being led into error as to the real state of the market, the exact amount of the variation in prices from the previous day being stated in words at full length. PARIS, TXTJILSINLY EVRXING. A species of panic prevailed at the Bourse to-day. The Three per Cents. were at one time as low as 79.20, and although they recovered from that ex treme point of depression, they, as well as every other description of securities, closed at much lower prices than yesterday. Vely Pacha, the Turkish ambassador, had an au dience of his Majesty yesterday to present his new letters of credence. Vely Pacha, as well as the se cretaries and attaches composing the Ottoman em bassy, 14 in number, were all dressed in the costume of their country. Another government paper says that the officers were so affected that they simultaneously fell on their knees to beg the Pope's blessing. I learn, on what I believe to be good authority, that General Gemeau is forthwith about te be re called from Rome. By decree of the Emperor, on tho report of the Minister of Public Instruction, a chair of the French language and literature of the middle ages has been instituted in the College de France. M. Paulin Paris is appointed to the new professorship. A trifle worth noticing is that, in the above report, M. For toul merely subscribes himself the Emperor's faithful servant, and not his " subject," as he did immediately after the proclamation of the empire. --• • The Emperor went yesterday to Vincetnes in an open carriage, which he drove himself. His Majesty passed through the Faubourg St. Antoine, and was accompanied by Colonel Fleury, his first equerry. The first ball under the empire was given last evening at the Tuileries, and was most numerously attended. The company assembled amounted to more than 3,000, and the coup d'oil, from the splen did toilettes, glittering with diamonds, of the ladies, and the various uniforms, was very striking. • The corps diplongatique and their ladies were all present, and also a great number of English officers in uni form. The rooms were fitted up with the greatest magnificence. The Emperor, who wore the uniform of a general, with white small-clothes and silk stockings, opened the ball with the Princess Mathilde, having for vis-a-vis Prince Napoleon and Lady Cow ley. Lord Cowley danced in the same set with Mrs. Hope. Between the different dances, his Majesty walked several times through the different rooms, having the Princess Mathildo on his arm. He was closely followed by Lord Cowley, with whom he frequently conversed, and also spoke to such English officers as he recognised. Among the number was Sir Warwick Hele Tonkin, with whom his Majesty entered into conversation, re marking, among other things, that Sir Warwick had been long a resident in Paris, and hoped that he would long continue to be so, and that he might fre quently have the pleasure of seeing him. Itefresh moots were provided in abundance during the even ing, and at 12 o'clock the company retired in parties to the theatre, where supper was laid out, and the tables were successively filled and refilled during upwards of two hours. The supper-room was bril liantly lighted up, as were the whole of the rooms in which the company was assembled. The expec tation that there would be a presentation to the Em peror in tho course of the evening was not realised. made to justice and common sense, he was the only public man who could do it. But while thus powerful he was of all public men the weakest in early support. The Whigs disliked him for poach ing on their preserve ; the Tories disliked himbecause be would not per'il the public peace to uphold old abuses. Both parties obeyed and fell behind him when anY'ating decisive was to be done in dee.:Ace.'ee to the public voice ; —in common-place times they were sure to mutiny ;—nitd knowing this he threw up the game and left others to contend for place. No man can do at the present moment what is required for the safety of tke country, unless lie inherit that public confidence which Sir ROBERT PEEL enjoyed,—and as yet he has no heir. To know how this confidence is to be acquired it will be necessary to analyse the constituent parts of that public which constituted the strength of Sir Ronne Peel- It may be described generally as the aggregate of the great moneyed and industrial interests--the bankers, merchants, shareholders, ship-owners, manufacturers, and chop-keepers. Among these classes are to be found our sturdiest Conservatives, and also our sturdiest Reformers. The former preferred Sir RODZRT PEEL because of his Conservative antecedents, the latter notwithstanding his Conservative antecedents. The Conserva tives among them, however, are limited in number ; they are confined to the great capitalists, principally to the metropolitan capitalists. They have, moreover, since the agita tion of corn-law repeal been accustomed to tolerate the reforming propensities of their brother capital ists. An °vet wilt:lining majority of this section of public opinion aro friendly to such a real electoral Reform as will make Parliament duly represent them. If Ministers would be strong in Sir ROBERT PEEL'S strength they must set themselves to reform our electoral system. Nor is it without good cause that this great sec tion of public opinion is distrustful of our present electoral system. The recent election has shown how well it is adapted to promote the aims Aan unscrupulous faction, to enable a minority out of doors to command a majority, or something very near it in the House of Commons. The rotten boroughs contribute mainly t, this, but there are also other evil influences at work. Tho active politicians form but a small minority of the public, and not always the most honest. A busy, bustling politician has other ends to serve besides the general good, and sometimes, by mistake, presses those private ends most zealously. The important section of the public to which we have been adverting likes to exercise an influential voice in public deliberations, and uni formly does so for the public good. But its members have other business to mind, and, when they have discharged their duty to the public, like to have done with it for the time. They do not choose to be drawn into the vortex of next election, just as they have emerged from the present. It is this class that especially wants to be permitted to vote quietly at elections, and live at peace during the intervals between them. And wanting the Ballot, it is dilatory in registering. Hence we find that the registers of large constituencies do not I embrace many of the most valuable of the electoral class. The fall advantage of large constituencies I cannot be experienced until registration is made the business of a responsible public officer, so that aU qualified and none else shall be placed on the roll, and Vote by Ballot introduced to enable quiet Clod fearing citizens in Ireland as well as in England to do their duty to their country without annoyance. It is not only necessary to meet and repress the evils of small constituencies, defective registration, public voting, and elusory qualifications: the work must be done at once. At present the agents of cor ruption are preternaturally busy : they fear that some reform is coming, and are making hay while the sun shines. The elections that intervene between the present moment and the passing of a new Reform Bill, will exceed in profligacy all that have gone be fore them. And if time is wasted before such a bill is prepared, the opportunity of carrying it may be lost for the present. In that case a more inveterate system of electoral abuses may be saddled on the country for years. The Reform Bill promised by Lord ABERDEEN must be prepared instantly. And it must be a real Reform Bill. It must extend the suffrage to the steady, industrious members of the working classes ; it must give members lo the large town con stituencies ; it must make registration cheap, easy, and efficient ; it must ensure a quiet life to the honest industrious elector, by secret voting; it must sweep away email venal constituencies ; it must destroy sham votes by establishing one simple uniform qua lification for the exercise of the elective franchise. The first business that Ministers have to attend to is the preparation of their Budget ; next in order -owes the preparation of their Reform Bill. FRANCE. FAVOURABLE REACTION ON THE BOURSE PARIS, FRIDAY EVINING. On the opening of the Bourse to-day, the same urgency of holders to realise which characterised the operations of yesterday, again became manifest, and numerous transactions were effected at the previous closing quotations. At about half-put 1, however. it became known that some rather extensive pur chases for the account had been made on behalf of one of the wealthiest firms in Europe, which had the effect of partially imparting confidence. This being succeeded by similar investments, or guaranteeson a smaller scale, conducted by leading agents:da change, produced before the closing of business a recovery of the decline noted yesterday in the prices of the Rentes. An improvement, as compared with yesterday, likewise took place in the quotations of Bank of France stock, which, however, did not attain the figure marked on Wednesday, nor did any of the railway shares or other obligations, some of which have latterly suffered extraordinary depression. The official report of the closing of business this afternoon leaves the quotations, both of the Threes and the Four-and-a-Half per Cents., nearly at the rates of Wednesday—namely, 80f. lOc. for the former, and 103 E 20c. for the 'latter, both for the account; for cash operations on the Bourse are almost unknown in ordinary times. The official returns of the Bank of France, pub lished to-day to the 13th instant, give the following statement : ...---- • Coined money and ingots 898,375,066 francs. Ditto, in the branches Advances on public funds Ditto, by the branches 13,847,750 ~ Ditto, on railway stock 63;993,100 „ Ditto, ditto, by the branches Advances to the State (by the Treaty of June,lB4B) Amount of Bank Bills in tercula ti in Ditto in the branches The latest quotations of the other Continental Bourses reported in Paris to-day are aa follows: Beaux: New Four-and-a-Quarter per Cents., 1021. Baussets.—Five per Cents., An. FBANKFORT.—Five per Cents., 88Z. VIENNA.—Five per Cents., AG. AM3TEIWAIL—Two-and-a-Half per Cents., 66 ; Three per Cents., 78 7-16; Four per Cents., 961. ANTWERP.—Five per Cents., WJ!.. The Corps of Comptroller of the Navy is dis solved and re-constituted in a more efficient manner, under the title of Corps of Naval Inspection. The Moniteur contains a decree creating a corps of inspectors of marine ports, in lieu of the present body of comptrollers of the navy. M. Duces, the Mi nister of Marine, in a long report to the Emperor, describes the new institution as a revival of a system initiated by Colbert, and perfected by the first Con sul. Colbert felt that the innumerable operations connected with the construction, rigging, and arming of vessels, and the keeping up the ne cessary pereunnel and material in the marine ports, required constant supervision, to insure a due observance of regulations, and to enable the Minister of Marine to take a comprehensive view of all the elements belonging to his department. Ho created the comptrollers of the navy. His work, modified by his successors, maintained by the National Assembly, and by the de cree of 2 Brumaire, year 4, was compelled by a celebrated decree of the first consul, dated 7 Flores!, year 8. That decree ereated the maritime prefects, and at the same time adopted Colbert's superintend ing body, bat he made it, under the name of a corps of inspection, not as it had formerly been auxiliary to the acting authoi ides. but independent without administrative responsibility, and subject only to DENMARK. The Committee of Twenty-fire appointed to con sider and report on the royal message concerning the order of succession in Denmark, has made its return to the Diet. The commitleo is unanimous in re commending the transmission of the crown to Prince Christian, pf Glacksbarg, and his descendants male. SWITZERLAND. The winter session of the Federal Chambers of Switzerland was opened ou the 10th, by the Presi dent of the National Council, M. llungerbuhler, of St. Gall. In the course of his address, the President said, "Lot us go forward, peaceably and with union, as hitherto we have done, within the limits traced out for us by the constitution, watching over and in creasing the prosperity of the people by a conscien tinni care of its alliances and material interests. Let us not be led astray by the enormous military ex penditure which we behold on all sides, which ab sorbs the finances of our neighbour states, and adds to debts under which their people succumb. In the midst of this armed peace let us avoid federal debt', and reserve the financial resources of our country for the moment when the independence and integrity of the fatherland may be seriously menaced." M. Charles do Hinz, the active leader of the party which pursues in Fricburg the politigue of the old Sonderbund, has taken the oath as a deputy in his canton._ _ . The Grand Council of Lucerne has ratified, by 56 against 30 votes, tho sale of the convent of St. Ur ban. The debate was very stormy, and the decision has produced great excitement in the canton. GERMANY. Letters from Lilienfield, in Austrian Silesia, report the apprehension and imprisonment of Hermann Kudlich, formerly a deputy to the German National Assembly, and now suspected of complicity with a revolutionary committee in London. The Vienna correspondent of the Breslau Gazette exposes, as the .Rankfort Post Gazette and other journals which we have recently quoted had already done, the illusory character of the reductions in the Austrian army, alleged by the Augsburg Gazette and Louis Napoleon in the Mon iteur. The Prince of Wrede having been found guilty of wounding M. de Lerchenfeld in a duel, has been sentenced to six months' imprisonment in a Bavarian fortress. Herr von Prokesch, the newly nominated Austrian , plenipotentiary and president of the Frankfort diet, is the stepson of Herr Schneller, a professor of his tory . at Freiburg, and was born Dec. 10, at Gratz, in Styria. There he received his early education, and ' afterwards studied public law. In 1813 he served as lieutenant in a regiment which took part in the cam paign against Napoleon. After the peace his regi ment went to Mayenne, and Prokesch was employed in tho bureau of the Archduke Karl. In 1816 his regiment was transferred to Linz. He remained here but a short time, and left to become professor of mathematics in a cadet institution at Olmutz. While holding this appointment ho wrote three treatises on the battles of Ligny, Quatro Bras, and Waterloo. From Olmutz he was sent for, by Prince Karl zu Schwarzenberg, to Vienna, and having been attached to his staff; he remained with the prince till the death of the latter. In 1822 Prokesch pub lished the life of his patron. In the course of the next year he returned to active service as captain. From 1824 to 1827, he was chief of the general staff of Count Dandolo, who was then cruising with the Austrian flotilla in the Swedish waters. In 1830 he was ennobled as " Ritter," or " Chevalier voa Osten." As an officer of the general staff he was with the Aus trian army at Bologna in 1831 ; in 1832, was ap pointed ambassador at Rome ; in 1834, minister at Athens; in 1843, he was made a major-general; and in 1845, an Austrian baron. As Austrian minister at Berlin, since March, 1849, ho has occupied a pro minent position in German politics. M. Prokesch is by no means one of the most agreeable diplomatists of the day, carrying too much of the corporal into his intercourse with statesmen. His removal from the Berlin embassy was considered as a concession to Prussia; and his subsequent designation to Constan tinople was annulled at the desire of the Purte. M. Prokesch is by some persons regarded as an autho rity upon Oriental affairs, having written several works on the subject. ITALY. A letter from Milan of the Bth, in the °pitdone of Turin, states that a Piedmonteso o.; cer, named Ito polo, having been insulted by an Austrian officer in the theatre of La Scala at - Milan, called him out ; but that his aggressor, instead of complying, gave him into custody, and had him before the commissary of police, where the Piedmontese officer, after having to submit to farther provocations from the other, re ceived orders to quit the state immediately. But the other officers of the Austrian regiment to which the aggressor belonged, being indignant at his beha viour, insisted upon his being put under arrest, and he will probably be obliged to leave the service. It is believed, however, that the matter will not rest there. In the speech addressed by General Gemeau to the Pope on New Year's Day, when presenting the officers of the French army of occupation, the gene ral thus spoke of recent events in the history of his country : ' France, led captive by the Spirit of Evil, was marching to an abyss. The elect of Providence was revealed, and France knew him. Then it was _ _ that God paid to France the debt of his church. It is our joy, holy father, to believe, that we owe this miraculous benefit in an especial manner to your prayers in favour of a country so proud of the aid it has been able to render and yet renders to the holy see." RUSSIA. Two new ukases from St. Petersburg, exhibit the Czar stooping to particularise and apply his system of repressing intelligence, of whatever kind, in whatever shape. According to one of these none but natives can be preachers or schoolmasters in Po land. Music-masters, teachers of languages, tutors, governesses, where they are permitted at all, will be so under the title of daniestics. The second decree orders, that, besides the censorship, to which every literary work intended for publication in Russia is subjected before printing, a second examination by the censors shall take place between the printing and the publication. On the 22nd ult. Random, Krotinus, the smuggler, condemned to receive nine thousand blows with a rod, and three other delinquents, condemned to six thousand each, suffered their punishment on the plain of Tauroffen. A large military force was drawn up to witness the execution. The arrangement was that the punishment should be distributed to each in three thousand strokes a day. Krotinus having re ceived his three thousand died ; two of the others ex- pitted before that number of blintits had been inflicted and the fourth sank on the morrow. Tho punishment of death is abolished in Russia. TURKEY. A telegraphic despatch from Trieste brings intelli gence from Constantinople to the Ist of January. The ea-Grand Vizier Reschid Pacha, and the late director of the customs, Djezaerli, have been ba nished from Turkey. Reschid Pacha had appealed to the Sultana Vali(le to intercede in his favour for a remission of his sentence, but it has not transpired whether the appeal has been successful. The precautions taken to prevent access to the Sultan seem to indicate that those about the Sove reign fear or pretend to fear some machination. Henceforth the Sultana Valide, the Grand Vizier, the Kapou-Kiaija, and Tazim Bey, the favourite, will alone have access to the palace of Abdul-Medjid. The Russian envoy, M. de Ozerott; has addressed to the Divan a protest against the concessions made to the Latins in the question of the Holy Sepulchres. Abd-el-Kader arrived at Syra on the 31st of De cember, and left the same day for Brous& Tna SPANISH NAVY.—According to the Clamor Pub/iro the Spanish military navy, including the ships now on the stocks, is composed of 3 ships of the line, 5 frigates, 6 corvettes, 8 brigs of the first class, 3 of the second, I gal liot brigs, 10 schooners, 8 transports, 29 steamers, and 102 miner vessels—in all 178. The navy estimates for 1852 amount to 8.),150,570 reale; but that sum does net include the cost of maintaining the naval stAtions at Cuba and the Philippine Islands, which is paid by those colonies. APOTHECARIES' HALL.—lames of gentlemen who passed their examination in the science and practice of me dicine, and received certificates to practise, on ThunclaY, Jan. 13, 1853:—Frederick John Thomas, Devoiashiro-ter race, Kinfoland Richard Burwell , Northampton. MONTENEGRO. The Trieste Gazette, of the 9th, states that the blockade of the Albanian coast has commenced, but this important statement needs confirmation. Advice's I from Constantinople, of the Ist inst., state that the I expedition against the Montenegrins will consist of I 27 battalions of land troops, independent of the blockade of the coast. the same journal says of the battle, before or dur ing which the Montenegrins withdrew from Zabljak: " The bloody strife, which lasted a whole day, was begun by the Montenegrins. Hurried on by their own impatience in sight of the enemy, at early dawn ono ' petty attacked some blockhouses, held by the Turks, la the neighbourhood of the fortress, while another fell upon the Pacha of Scutari's camp. The fight ' was of the bitterest. The men fought hand to hand, ' mid in such confusion that Turk slew Turk, and Montenegrin cut down Montenegrin." Letters from Servia state that Prince Daniel of Montenegro has sent his private secretary, Bidako witseh, to Servia, in order to negotiate for him a marriage with a niece of 'the Prince of that country. The Montenegrins are members of the great &mien Emily, and have with it common religion and tradi tions. The warlike songs which the Montenegrins sing are of Servian heroes. Prince Daniel, we have already stated, on succeeding to his uncle, the late V'ad ka, refused to accept the spiritual power with the temporal, until that time united with it. The Greek church permitting marriage to its priests (once in a lifetime)nforces the celibacy of its bishops. It was to escape from this condition, so serious an obstacle to an energetic ruler desirous of founding a family, that the Prince took the resolution referred to. The ago of the Montenegrin ruler is 24. In the Aeon, published at Athens, we find it stated by a Constantinople correspondent, that as many as 3,000 Montenegrins reside in the Turkish capital. A few days ago the Charibati, as the Montenegrins arc there called, applied to the government offices for passports to their native hills, which were as a matter of prudence refused. Thereupon they . betook themselves with the same request to the Rassian, and afterwards to the Austrian and Greek embassies, but with no better success. The Ottoman government, moreover, saw with great displeasure this resort to other porters, and threw several of the Charibati into prison. The following instructive sentences are translated from a recent volume on Montenegro, by the well known traveller Kohl :—" I betray no state secret when I allege what is known to so many perms, that the Vladika of Montenegro receives by way of Cattaro a yearly sum of 40,090 florins from Russia. The Vladika, who, by means of this money, is in a position to exercise considerable influence over the principal Montegrin families, while he is also enabled to conduct public affairs with few and light taxes, is thus brought into dependence upon Russia. His sub jects, like all the southern Sclavi of the Greek confes sion, look to Russia as their saviour. The traveller in Montenegro thus sees on all sides the portraits of Peter the Great or Nicholas 1., but I never saw a likeness of an Austrian emperor." THE WAR IN MONTENEGRO. TO THE EDITOR OP THE DAILY NEWS. SlR.—The movement of a Turkish army on the con fines of Montenegro points to a state of things far more absorbing than the mere spasmodic energy of an oriental government seeking to control a lawless band of semi-savages about whose existence the world hardly deigns to care. Since the commence ment of the present century that tract of territory has been the basis of operations whose object is co extensive with the aggrandisement of European Tur key and the possession of the most important sea ports in the Adriatic. Impelled by the promises and guided by the strategy of the Russian court, the Montenegrins have never ceased to make violent inroads on their Musselmen neighbours, and have succeeded of late years in capturing booty and land to an extent co-equal with the limits and re sources of their territory. The Albaniau Turks, unable to withstand these murderous forays, are giving ground every day. The islands of St. Nicho las, Stavena, Mamkovitz, and that in which the town of Vranina is situate, figure among the most recent conquests of this warlike people. The cities they have assaulted are innumerable. Kolachina, Boroslavitze, and Klobonk, have been either surprised by night, or battered by day ; while Podgoritza, the bulwark of Albania, was only rescued from the hands of their miners by an accident which revealed the lines of gunpowder to the Turks before the match was laid. The lake into which the black mountain discharges its tor rents washes the walls of Skadar. The Montene grins deeming the lake the natural complement to the mountain, render it inaccessible to Turkish ves sels, and seek to reduce the city itself to submission. To such a system of predatory warfare there is only one reply, that which cannons and sabres alone can give ; and when the injured Turk steps in, who has the sole right to use them, he is met by the avowed originator of the mischief offering to negotiate be tween him and his own belligerent agents, on terms of the strictest impartiality. What an epigram ! The relations between Montenegro and Peters burg, and the results to which they are likely to lead, are of a very absorbing character, and there is hardly a diplomatist from Downing-street to the Palace of Stamboul who ought not to feel a life interest in the' matter. The Montenegrins, in the heart of a hostile country, have uniformly sought some support for their irregular independent* in federation with foreign states, and their alliance has mot with the usual fate of being alternately embraced and discarded, according as the contract ing countries were on terms of peace or hostility with the Porte. Since the fall of Venice, however, the designs of Russia on European Turkey have been too incessant to part with the services of the Montenegrins for a moment, and every device that a powerful empire can employ to preserve the oe of an ignorant and impovtrufhed people has n unscrupulously used to prevent their conies ing with any other state. Of late years the Czar has allured their Princes to Petersburg, under the pretext of education, and sent them back saturated with Russian ideas, skilled in all the strategy of war, and covered with the military titles and decora tions of the empire. He enrols their serfs in his armies, and after due training in the Caucasus, draughts them back to Montenegro, that they may exercise their art for the exclusive benefit of the unfortuuate Mussulinen in Albania and Ilertzegowine. Nor is the Czar wanting in kindness of a more substantial character. After educating their Vladika, ho transmits him an annpal pension of 4,0001., and never ceases to show his dis interested attachment for the little concern of Mon tenegro by pouring into its territory waggon loads of grain from Odessa. In former years their politico religions chief was consecrated at Smyrna by the hands of an Austrian subject; but since the acces sion of the Petrovitsch dynasty this mask has been thrown aside, and the last three Vladikas have re ceived the archiepiscopal dignity from the hands of the Emperor. Under these relations of vassaldom and ecclesiastical dependence, with a population looking towards Petersburg with the same reverence as Ireland regards Rome, and fed, armed, and trained by the man whom they regard as God's vicegerent, it is impos sible to survey Montenegro in any other light than a Russian colony of a most formidable character. How ever spontaneous the sallies of its myrmidome may appear in these days of specious refinement, there cannot be a doubt concerning the character of the men who arc pulling the strings on their real ends ' and purposes. An inquiry now for their object is ' likely to meet with success, and the effect of its pur suit in our interests in the Adriatic may furnish just I now a profitable hour's employment to the minister who holds the seals of the 'Foreign-office. If Russia had the choice of means in advancing! her designs on Constantinople, she could hardly devise one more likely to obtain her object than I the sustention of a powerful tribe on the confines of Dalmatia, possessed with the most daring spirit of enterprise , and the most sanguinary ferocity to the I subjects of the Porte. Sonic 30,000 fighting men, multiplying with prolific energy, and locked up in fastnesses which defy the approach of regular artil lery, from whence they periodically issue to appro priate the property and capture the towns of their neighbours, are no very contemptible agents in the subjugation of an enervated people. Out of such stuff • empires have been formed, and that under far less favourable circumstances. What was ancient Sparta but a nest of brigands organised in the bosom of classic antiquity? What was Rome in her primeval growth, but the Montenegro a s• Italy, gaining a daily accession of te rr it ory by bloody forays until she absorbed all the tribes upon her frontier ? But the Montene grins, animated by a no less aggressive spirit tha n their ancient prototypes, have far tamer enemies to subdue, and arc directed by one of the fir.: powers in their own hemisphere. It is necessary to their military operations, as well as to the increase of their social comforts, that they should possess them. selves of some port in the Adriatic, and as Mon tenegro is but a gun-shot off the mouth of Kattaro, we should not be surprised to learn that one of the objects of the present movement is to seise on that maritime position, and drive the Germans off the peninsula. The possession of such n sound, only second to Lepanto and the Bosphorns, in a stormy sea like the Adriatic, would give Russia a powerful means of enlarging the basis of her operations over European Turkey, and enable her to cripple our lonian marine, and retard the development of the commerce of Trieste. An Austrian general has already moved upon that part of the shore; and however listless England may be, other nations are prepared to sound the loudest note of alarm on the slightest approach of danger. These aggressions, however, are not to be met with merely defending the interests that may happen for the moment to be jeopardised, so much as by putting an end to the system of forage altogether. So long as Russia is allowed, through her semi-savage agents in Montenegro, to make open attacks on the Turkish cities on the immediate frontier, so long will the interests of the other great powers in that peninsula be imperilled, and a means left open of re. kindling the torch of war in Europe. No sources of healthy expansion should be withheld from a young republic of Montenegro, and the Austrians would do well to abolish or modify the odious system of quarantine established, rather for political than fiscal motives, by which they block the communication of natives with the coasts ; but the Montenegrins ought to be made to feel, by the combination of the great powers, that they cannot disturb the existing home steads of Turkey with impunity, or attempt to ad vance the encroachments of Russia without meeting with an instantaneous repulse. THE NEW CRYSTAL PALACE AT SYDEN RAU. Notwithstanding the continued wet and stormy weather of the last few months, whieli has considerably re tarded the operations of the contractors, the vkitur to the grounds of the Crystal Palace at Sydenham cannot fall to be struck with astonishment at the vast amount of work that has been already accomplished, the building now show ing its gigantic outline prominently against the sky as the trains ou the Brighton line sweep by along the bass of the hill on which it stands. The whole of the ground belong ing to the company has lately been surrounded with a stout hoarding, eight or ten feet high, and mauy of the Men with which it was covered have been cut down and removed. Various inequalities which interfered with the plan have been got rid of by tilling up hol lows and levelling hills, and the villa, which stood in the grounds, and, which was only recently erected by the for mer proprietor, Mr. Schuster, is now being pulled down. In this way, a rough preliminary preparation of the whole area hes been effected. The building itself stands at the extremity of the grounds, on the crest of the hill, and directly facing the railway. The back of the building runs parallel with the road, upon which it closely abuts, and the whole of this line is completed to its full height, shutting out the operations of the woriemen from the public gala. In order to meet the fell in the ground, the ranges of pillars next the terrace front are supported upon massive brick foundations, from four to eight feet in height, so as to bring them all upon the same level, and this inequality will be attended with the advantage of living the building an additional story in height when viewed from the gardens. The interior of the structure is a vast swamp, through which it is almost impossible to thread one's way, the con tinued rains, and the constant passing and repussing of men, horses, and heavily loaded waggons having ploughed the earth up into deep ruts, in which the water of the list two or three months has effected permanent lodgments, and temporary pits are made here and there to collect some portion of the surface drainage. At present between twelve and fourteen hundred men arc at work, and the column' are rapidly rising up like forests of young pines. Many portions of the building have been already completed to their full height, several acres are even roofed with glass, and the centres of one of the side transepts are fixed in their places. The main central avenue running from one end to the other has been left free, in order to fah litate the transmission of materials to every point, and the transept which eroaaos it from north to south, is also left open, so that it may be said the building is being put to gether in four separate compartments, of which the two at the back are considerably in aavaneo of those fronting the garden ground. The quantity of materials now upon the ground is me prising, an area of about twenty acres being filled with timber, frames, columns, girders, and bricks. There are steam engines for making sarh-bars, for making paint, and mixing mortar ; machinery for hoisting fumes and girders, forges for iron bolts and screws, lathes for punching holes, and tramways for the heavy waggons to move along, while the roar of innumerable hammers and sledges upon the iron work, the shouts of men, the plunging of horses in the heavy ground, the cracking of whips, and the fail of timber produce a din and a confusion at once deafening and be wildering. In the centre of the building, and looking over the sloping ground in front, a lofty observatory has been erected, behind which the interminable ranges of columns extend on either side, so that the spectator seems to be standing on the outskirts of some vast forest. Below, the basement of the terrace front, with its facing of cut stone, just begins to show itself above its bed of mud, and leading from this are the foundations of what will be the approaches from the garden to the building. About half way down the hill the outline of the great central fountain is already discernible, and on either side the site of the smaller ones may be guessed at, although they aro not yet fully deve loped. The shaft of the artesian well, which is to supply the water for the fountains, has been already sunk to a consi derable depth. Packages are now daily arriving from Italy, Germany, and elsewhere, with casts of statuary, end other works of art, so that as fast as the !nailing is roofed over and completed, the decorations of the interior may be proceeded with. The branch railway, which is to convey the visitors from London•bridge to the interior, will run parallel with the rails of the Brighton Eno until it reaches the Sydenham station, and here it will incline a little to the right along the base of tke bill, ascending gradually, and sweeping round to the hick of the building. An opportunity will be thus afforded of viewing the whole front of the palace, with its ranges of gardens, terraces, fountains, and conser vatories before the visitor reaches kis detination. The building is, according to the terms of the contract, to be delivered up completed on the Ist of May next, sod it is the belief of those interested that although there mat be a delay of a few weeks in completing the decorations and arrangements of the interior, the Crystal Palace will be opened to the public some time in the course of that month.— Observer. WILL TIIE UNITED STATES FEDERAL GOVERN MINT SANCTION POLYGAMY ?—The condition of woman, of course, is degraded, and must become more and more so continually ; the effect of polygamy must ere long become apparent in the manners of the men at Deseret. Says Mr- Stansbury, in his highly interesting work (No. 12 ) " heard it proclaimed from the stand (pulpit), by the president himself, that he had the right to take a thousand wives, if he thought proper, and he defied any one to prove from OA Bible that ho had not. At the same time, I have never known any member of the community allow that he himself had more than one, although that such was the fact was as well known as any fact could be." But he confesses that the practical operation of the scheme was quite different from what he had anticipated. " Peace, harmony, and cheerfulness seemed to prevail, where my preconceived notions led me to look for nothing but the ex hibition of petty jealousies, envy, bickerings, and strife." The question has often been asked, " Will the federal go yernment allow an individual state t i tolerate and h galise polygamy ?" This question will hardly present a new issue in the United States ; for in half of the Union not only is polygamy a fixed fact in the institutions of the country, but the raising of women for sale is a thriving branch of Wai mea. We think the general government will settle certain questions of morals which lie nearer the Capitol, before the constitutional arm is prolonged so far as to reacts the Great Salt Lake city and disturb the " holy family " of Brigham Young, and his " omnibus full of wives." However, Ame rica probably is the only country of Christendom where Mormonism could get fairly on its legs and essay a walk. — Westminster Iterictc.—.. The Mormons." ARRIVAL OF TUE IBERlA.—Yeaterday the Oriental Company's steam packet Iberia, Captain Bower, arrived!: Southampton. tier dates are—Gibraltar, January 6; Ca . rits• 7th ; Lisbon, oth : Oporto, 10th ; Vigo, 11 th . She hang, the following passengers:—Lieutenant Spurney, Dr* Hornblow (72nd Regiment), Col. Bell, Mr. A. Zuhsetir Mr. Ilekhouse, Captain Stewart, Mr. Jackson, and Mr. Rumball. Eight let, six 2nd, and six deck, and twenty five distressed British subjects. Iler cargo consi•as of 6 Tin• packages specie, 108 barrels dates, 33 base , do., 12 casks of wine, 347 boxes of. oranges, Si d mines, 17 cases of eggs, 19 packages ea sundn, The Africa emigrant ship which put into Lisbon to repast damages was ready to sail, and was only waitin a wind tt get over the bar. An Egyptian yacht, belongin g g to Said Puha, put into Lisbon with loss of foremast and etbet damage on the Bth inet. The ship Provincialist, &mid?, mast, r, was abandoned at sea ou the 20th Dec., al lat. 33.36 N., lon. d 1.31 'sW., having received much damages being in a very leaky state. The cress were taken oil by a Spanish barque, Union, from Ilavannah, Vigo, ou the this inst. The Provincialist was from Plulodel phis', bound to Liverpool with a general urge ; stwng westerly winds and thick coarse weather nearly threaft out. The weather had been bad along the cons: 01 i s gal for some time. and landed at