The Express. — London, England, 1851-10-13 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 13. 1851. They have shown themselves loot taw exonerated, net more observant of welestostical rules, in speaking of facts of a miraculous nature, which the church, ever proceeding in them matters with the greatest circumspection, has neither acknowledged nor approved. They have raised all the recent discussions, moat unseasonable U some of them were. They have tendered those condi tions which were harshest to the civil power, and made war in the most galling form against it. They have stirred up the chiefest difficulties, and without knowing how to resolve them. fily this imprudent press the sanctuary hes been troubled, the ecclesiastical authority ignored and often compromised, the clergy divided. The scandalised and sometimes wavering believers ask with alarm where is the government of the church ? Woe to the bishops also cam plain, or who act against the decisions of the journal ! It pries and scrutinises into their words, to try to embarrass and compromise them thereby in some manner with the Holy See, whose exclusive defender it declares itself to be, hoping thereviitkud to fortify its boldness with impunity. lithe bishops warn these writers to be more charitable in their polemics, more humble in their language, and less acrid, end personal in their articles, as best befits reli gious writers, they take no account of the paternal remon strance. We speak from more than one passage of our ex perience. It is impossible to figure more accurately the pre sent state of things in this and the sister country. But then there is not a single SIBOUR upon the Roman catholic bench of bishops. The vulgar ty ranny of their Tablets and Ramblers and so forth must be to the full as intolerable to the Irish and English catholics as the more polite oppression of rtiairers and l'Ami aprars to be in France. But, once more, there is no btnout to denounce it. What episcopal demonstrations we have seen are quite the other way. The Tablet and the Itambkr, the Lump and the Vindicator, et hoc genus cow, aro not cen sured, but thanked, recommended, and encouraged in every pastoral. It is, therefore, not in Ireland or in England that the Roman catholic bishops have the right which incontestably belongs to the good Arch bishop of l'ants of declining the dangerous respon sibility thrust upon them by their advocates. On the other hand, they are under the painful necessity of acknowledging the shining qualities of this virtuous prelate, and the thousand titles he pos ' sesses to the popularity which he enjoys. The' silence of their sullen press gives consent to the same confession. They know that there is nothing which even the Inquisition itself can reprehend in Mgr. Stumm, unless, indeed, it be his avowed unbe lief in the winking virgin of Bimini—an unbelief to which he alludes in the extract last cited; or the following pregnant passage upon the Inquisition itself. What shall we say of the long and ill-timed polemic upon the Inquisition which the Univers has commenced, and con ducted with so much violence; and with that intemperauce of style, examples of which it gives but too frequently ? Such a polemic cannot hare other than fatal effects upon the flock confided to our cares. Here again we have had to use our authority, and the pain to see it despised. We have, us bishop, expressly forbidden I' Unirers to pursue that controversy. But, trampling our sacred authority under foot, the writers of that print have only redoubled that. violence. His services to the church, in fine, are quite in disputable. His good deserts towards the people arc not less so. Out of sixty pastorals and mandates addressed by him to his flock since his elevation to the primacy of France, more than one-halt are devoted to c ha rity. The rest belong to the general administration of his province. Ho is adored by his flock. He is approved at Rome—iso much so, that the present authorities there have been compelled, very much against their will, to ratify upon appeal his heavy condemnation of I 'Unfree', and the catholic press in general, from which we have extracted so largely; and yet those self•constituted organs of Roman catholic opinion pretend to ignore his existence even as a prelate of their church! The reason is obvious ; it is that which the estates of Pro vence had for ostracising NiTTUBEAU. What he said of the temporal aristocracy we may say of the spiritual ; that in all countries, m all ages, the prelates have implacably pursued the friends of the people, and when by sonic wondrous combination of chances one I such fru•ad has arisen in the (mama of themselres, it is against him &ewe all that theg hare aimed their stabs anxious to inspire terror by their choice if a victim. That Mgr. Stnoun well deserves such enmity we have sufficiently shown. Nevertheless, the follow ing confession of his political and social faith de livered upon a great religious occasion, is so admira bly characteristic of the man, and of his immea3ure able superiority over the creatures who arc aping the style and strut of primatical dignity, that we cannot refrain from quoting it. It shall be our last extract: The true end of the social state is not society itself, but the happiness of the individual ; for society cannot be its own end. It is the means of perfecting the al and physical condition of DIM who indeed are called upon to associate together and form a civil community, only to I become better and happier men. 'thus society is for tho individual, and not the individual for society • therefore, in endeavouring to reach its sublime end, which is the moral perfection and the well-bein4 of its members, society ought to respect their nature, their dignity, their rights. Other wise it goes at once against the intention of the Creator, and against the destiny of man—it overthrows all the foundations of justice, by insulting and trampling under foot the living imago of tied, in his person, freedom, labour, property; in all the rights, in tine, which flow from the exercise of his spiritual and bodily powers. To despoil man of these rights, under pretence of making him more happy, is to dry up the chief source of his happiness; it is to degrade him, in order to make him more great ; it is to annihilate his humanity, in order to exalt ;it is, we repeat it, to kill him its order to cure. One observation more, and we have done. Either that proud and time-honoured boast of the church of Rome, " Semper eadem," is the vainest of boasts and the idlest of mockeries, or else the present Archbishop of PARIS represents the true doctrine and discipline of that church. In the latter hypothesis, what be comes of Cardinal WISE MAN, Dr. CULLEN, and tho rest, who for the last twelve months have been play ing the mountebank and bully in this country and the sister isle? If Monsignor SIBOUR is of the slightest authority, such excesses are not essential to Homan catholic orthodoxy, but, on the contrary, greatly detract from it. They may be restrained by the strong arm of the law, without injury to the liberty of conscience. article of Lamartine in the I'ays, who in resigning his own claim to be considered as a candidate for the Pre sidency seems to waive his title to a certain number of republican suffrages in favour of Louis Napoleon. Lamartine says that if he had ever seriously in tended to start as a candidate for the presidency, he should not have become a journalist. Not less re markable is an article by 'iron, who avers in the Coutitationnel of to-day, that tho l'resident being, like all honest men, of an unsuspicious nature, was duped by the burgraves into passing the law of May. They came and said to him, " There is only one way to serve the country, and I defeat all attempts at rebellion ; and that is for the executive power and the National Assembly to form only one. Let us suppress as many electors as pos sible. It is true that the President lose the au thority of an immense majority, but ho will gain the union and fraternal support of the old parties." The President embraced without distrust the seeming fair proposition, and found it a snare ; for no sooner had he passed their law than, conceiving that they had him in their power, they encouraged the inso lence of Changarnier, and then pretended to avenge his fall. Dr. Vt , ron gives at the close of this article the words which I have quoted above as having been used by the President at the late cabinet council. Lastly, (iirardin comes out in the Proem with some clenching arguments in his best style. The following dressage of this article has been parti cularly remarked : If, knowing what I know, a doubt could have remained upon my mind as to the abrogation of the law of May, resolutely pro posed by the Elect of December, that doubt would have been entirely effaced by the two articles of the D• beta and AsseinliPe Nationale, in defence of the law." These three articles of the Constant/on- nel, the Pays, and the Presse have occupied public attention to-day, as much as serious political events could have done. Louis Napoleon seems at last to have opened his eyes to the policy of the burgraves. It was no doubt the cue of the royalists to deceive him up to tho last moment with a show of adherence to his candidature as a pis-ance, and the only practicable solution, and then after they had by this means saved the law of May, to pitch him over for Ckangarnicr, and impeach him before the High Court as guilty of treason, in putting for ward an unconstitutional candidature. This policy, , strongly resembling the stratagem by which in the ' Arctic region wolves arc said to approach a stag, :n a semi-circle, and drive him over a precipice, at the bottom of which they may feast on his carcase at leisure—this policy, I say, has been unmasked by the gradual stealthy convergence of all the leading organs of the party of order to the candidature of t he Pmsiden is old rival, the ex•commander of the armyof Paris. No sooner was the whole cabal made manifest than the President must have felt persuaded that it was time to rouse himself to action, and as Prospero defeats the conspiracy against his life by a flourish of his wand, to resort to the magic diversion of a new ministry with a new programme. It would cer tainly be curious if we were to sec on the • approaching anniversary of the fall of M. Odilon Barrot a fresh inauguration of a Bonapartist policy upon a broader and more popular base. PARIS, SUNDAY ETExisn. There is nothing new this morning to communi cate on the sahject of the ministerial crisis. The Patric says: " ' • • There is much talk about a ministerial crisis, caused by a divergence of opinions between the President and the cabi net upon an important point of general policy. If we are well intbrmcd there have been only in the council of minis ter, some serious conversations on the law of the 31st of May. Nu resolution with regard to the course to pursue on this matter will, however, be taken before next Tues day. Upon that day the President, who has not yet mani fested his sentiments, will make known lui decision. As the Cioistilittionne/ appears to have represented the p'resident's opinions oa the law of May, it is na tural to infer that the abolition of the oetrnis and other reforms advocated in that organ will form secondary features in the new ministerial programme. In the meanwhile all lists of new ministers are to be regarded as premature and apocryphal. No leading parliamentary man has been summoned to the Elysi.e with the view of sounding him on the con ditions of accepting office. Girardin says: " The ministers have resigned con ditionally. What does conditionally mean? It means that they have given the President until Tuesday to reconsider his determination to propose the abolition of the law of May, in order that they may, in this interval, bring to bear upon him the engiriery of intimidation calculated to change his purpose." The article is headed intimidation. Changarnier arrived in Paris yesterday morning. the Committee of Permanence is expected to hold an extraordinary sitting, to deliberate on the minis terial crisis and the recommendation of the President to propose the abrogation of the law of May. the Fable adds some details of the account of the serious conflict between the gendarmerie and the friends of M. Sartin, at Monhicon. Shots were ex changed between 12 and 1 o'clock on the night of the gth, on the road to Commentry. The twenty gendarmes lodged sixteen prisoners, among whom one was a woman, at five in the morning, in the jail of Nlonlucon. The gendarmes discharged their carbines upon the hostile population, and severely wounded three persons. The main difficulty of the President's position is to reconcile the conservative policy upon which the nation's confidence in him is based, with the restora tion of unlimited suffrage. It is the object of the parliamentary majority and their organs to deter Louie Napoleon from proposing the abolition of the law of May, by representing this step as the sacri fice of all that has been gained by the united exer tions of the party of order during the last three years, and as the destruction of the only dyke which has yet been reared with any chance of success against a social cataclysm. Now, if Louis Napoleon rest his claim to the confidence of France upon the suppression of anarchy, he must identity his rule with the maintenance of those institutions which afford the strongest guarantees of order. If he abandon the chief conquests of the party of which he is the declared head, does ho not expose himself to the charge of sacrificing the national interest to his private ambition? Will not the necessary con seqUence be the disaffection towards the President of those classes most strongly interested in the subjuga tion of democracy, and hitherto his staunchest sup porters on that account ? Such are the questions which would at the first blush present themselves to an impartial observer, and such, no doubt, arc the arguments with which M. Leon Faucher would ply the head of the state. But the answer is not diffi cult. It has not been yet proved that this great anti-democratic engine, the law of May, is capable of being practically worked. Hitherto, in the partial elections which have taken place since its enactment, more than two-thirds, even of the electors inscribed upon the present restricted lists, have, upon an average, abstained from voting, and the suc cessful candidates have rarely polled little more than the one-fourth of the inscribed votes necessary to their election. Thus, in the two latest elections of the Morbihan and Finisterre, out of 70 and odd thousand electors in each of these con terminous departments, about 30,000 abstained. Similar results have been repeated in the Nord and other departments. No juster criterion of opinion on the merits of the law can be presented than these practical demonstrations. Say that even one-third, instead of two-thirds, protested against the applica tion of the law, the peril, if not the impracticability, of enforcing its execution in six departments at a time by a concentration of the military is manifest. Into the merits of the law, or the grounds of its un popularity, it is not necessary now to inquire; it is enough that the fact of that unpopularity is demon-' strated beyond dispute. The law of May, therefore, has overreached its mark, and, instead of being a bar rier of defence against socialism, it is an engine of ' offence against the conscientious rights of the citizens. After the assay which has been made of it, the l're sident can safely demand its abrogation, upon grounds of national interest, without justly incurring the charge of deserting from con- 1 , servative principles, and playing into the hands of the democratic party to achieve the ends of his own ambition. A broad distinction may be drawn between the two courses which the Iljbats and As s mGI Nationale seek purposely to confuse, namely a lax and unprincipled back-sliding into the evils of democratic government, and the resolution to de ma::d the repeal of the law of May. It is really of little matter for the burgraves to tell the President that he was not duped into restricting universal suf frage; that he took the leap with his eyes open; that he was forced by the public terror at the Paris electi on to adopt, in conjunction with the Assembly, en instant remedy against the victories of socialism. Supposing even there were any stringency in the logic which infers that Louis Napoleon is bound to adhere to the flag which is now become that of the minority of the nation, because he embraced it when it was the flag of the majority, still he has a quiver full of home-replica for the parliamentary leaders. He might ask what is become of that union of the party of order of which' the law of May was at once tho issue and the pledge. What clearer proof that one edge of the law was turned against himself, when immediately after its enactment royalist intrigues broke out shameless on all hands, and Claremont and Wies baden became centres of overt conspiracy, flocked to by the very men who had cajoled him with promises of support into clipping his own wings, and becoming what he now so resolutely repudiates—" La branche saddle do safraye tailsersd." No, the game was not fairly played against the President, and the ap plause which followed on the full of Changarnicr , proved that France was of this opinion. Changer , flier is still their man; to him they will commit their standard of the law of May. But once more he will be rolled over as before, and for the same reason, for ' France is not with him. France will not be deluged with civil war to enforce an impracticable law. France will nut be dragooned and gendarmed into the old pays legal. Once admitted, the broad distinction between the sacrifice of conservative principles and the sacrifice of the law of May, there is no need to suppose the President will be obliged to cross the floor of the Chamber to seek his new mi nisters. It may be almost safely affirmed that he will not do so, if it were only for the sake of mark ing clearly to the national eye the perfect compati bility of a decided opposition to democracy with the grand feature of the new programme. A great deal has been said about the visit of Girardin to St. Cloud, and about the probability of Lamartine being called to the helm. Girartlin may, indeed, be considered a negotiator for the support of the Left in the question of revision ; and Lumartine as the statesman of highest character who could undertake, consistently with his expressed opinions, the repeal of the law of May. But it is hardly probable that the emi nent publicist of the Presse would be invited, or the foreign minister of the provisional government consent to take a post in a government too far coin promised in the course of compression suddenly to relax into a liberal administration. There is no as- surance that we shall not hear, even after the repeal of the law of May, the same complaints from the de partments of the tyrannous molestation of private society by the armed police, of the same absurd pranks of prefects, of the same persecution of the press. The continuance of these evils is, whatever wind set in the high regions of policy, but too pro bable ; and the bureaucratic tendency to keep aloof, shake off, or pervert liberal ministers, exerts an action which deters a liberal and philosophic states man like M. de Lamartine, from engaging in the ungrateful task of government. The question now presents itself, whether the parliamentary majority of 500 which curtailed universal suffrage, will now consent to abolish the restrictions they voted in 1530. For the moment their chief organs, the DAres and -IssentWe stoutly affirm they will not. Still it may be questioned if any but the stubborn fraction of Thiers and Cliangarider will finally resist the pressure which will be brought to bear on them of the executive government on the one side, and the republicans out of doors on the other. Supposing the law abolished, Girardin promises a constitutional majority in favour of revision. In fact it is out of the question to suppose that an intrigue of the roy alists to throw out revision, merely to incapacitate the President from being re-elected, could ever be ultimately successful. 'l9w nation would not tolerate a manifest royalist cabal of that kind for crushing' Louis Napoleon ; and the defeat of Changarnier at the head of such a cabal, would be eventually certain. The voices of men who rose in November against the revision which they advocated in July, merely to bar the reelection of the President, would be scouted by the popular contempt and indignation. The law of May abolished and revision carried, the l'resident might look forward with sonic confidence to receiv ing once more from the hands of the French people the delegation of that power which he will have vindicated equally against the assaults of democracy and the intrigues of royalism. As for the popular boon of the suppression of the actrois, which is indicated by rumour as a secon dary feature in the new ministerial programme, it is caught up invidiously by the parliamentary journals, and stigmatised as a sop to the masses; but such a measure, were it really contemplated, affords but a small margin for erecting thereon the favourite charge of bribing the republicans. M. Alexis de St. Priest, formerly peer of France, and member of the French Academy, died on the 29th September, of typhus, at Moscow, whither he had gone to visit his aged father. The interference of the gendarmerie with the dinner to M. Sartin at Commentry has led to very serious troubles. The government organs speak of a bloody battle as having taken place between the troops and the mob. It appears certain, by the ad mission of M. Sartin himself, in a letter to the Er, , ,Airent, dated Nlontlucon, October 10th, that the populace of Commentry turned out, paraded the streets singing the 3larseillaise, and proclaiming loudly their determination not to allow any arrests to be made. They were as good as their a ord. They resisted the gendarmes, and twice rescued several prisoners, who were as often re-captured. Three men were wounded by the fire of the troops. The Patrie speaks of two gensdarmes as being severely wounded. According to M. Sartin's account, however, the re sistance of the populace was passive merely; but one gensdarme was hurt, and that acidentally, while wrenching his musket from the hands of an artisan who had seized it in self-defence. The Patrie evidently makes the most of the deplorable occurrence, to lay a foundation for the favourite nlyitne of the state of siege, which will doubtless soon be applied to the department of the Allier. Accord ing to the latest accounts, the disturbance was far from being at an end, and the people were in a most alarming state of irritation. Several squadrons of cavalry arrived at Commentry, by forced marches, from Moulins, and on the 10th they escorted 13 pri soners, handcuffed, to the prison at 3lontlucon. The proeureur-general and several members of the Court of Appeal of Ilium have arrived there, and were met by the general commanding the district and the pro cureur-gencral of the republic. A legal inquiry is going on, which will probably lead to fresh state trials. M. Sartin conjures the people to cease a useless re sistance, which can only aggravate the position of the prisoners, and distract attention from the original provocation of the gendarmes. Ile repeats his deter mination to complain to the Assembly of the flagrant violation of the sanctity of a private house, and the illegal attack upon his person, which led to these lamentable results. Accounts have just arrived of disturbances at Bagniaes, on the 9th of October, occasioned by an interference by the gendarmes With the customary amusements of the annual fetes. The question between France and Germany rela tive to the navigation of the Rhine is expected to be settled definitively before the Ist of January. Mean while Bavaria, Baden, Nassau, and Hesse have agreed to admit France to the enjoyment of equal rights of navigation on that stream up to Decem ber 31. The Bulletin th Paris asserts that Prussia, who bad hesitated, has also consented to this arrangement. The Malouin, with 110 emigrants for California, sailed from Havre yesterday morning. Three " bloomerists" made their appearance on the Boulevards yesterday, and attracted so much in convenient attention that they were obliged to take refuge from the crowd in a brougham. The ministerial crisis being adjourned till Tuesday the principal personages concerned seem determined to have a short respite from care. The President is enjoying this fine day at the Chantilly races; M. Be reclie is at Nlculan, M. Leon Faucher at loguy, M. Carlier is on a shooting excursion, and M. Fould is fishing in the neighbourhood of St. Cloud. --- DENMARK AND THE DUCHIES. The Minister of Finances of Denmark communi cated to the Chambers on the 6th the budget of re ceipts and expenditure for 1852 and '53. The re ceipts, not including Schleswig-Holstein, arc valued at 13,300,000 thaler3, and the expenditure at 18,630,000; the deficit is to be covered by a million from Schleswig, and the surplus by the emission of treasury bonds. - The minister added that this state of things would oblige him to reproduce the project of law establishing an income-tax. FRANCE. PARIS, SATURDAY EVINING. The reports of a ministerial crisis have been re newed yesterday and to-day with increased credit. I understand from a good personal source that the President is now quite resolved upon opening the parliamentary session with a message inviting the Assembly to abrogate the law of May, and carry through the work of revision. How many of the present ministers are prepared to follow Louts Napo leon in so daring a policy remains to be seen. In the meantime, it is certain that a cabinet council was held yesterday at the Elysee, in which the President expressed his views with regard to the repeal of the law of May more explicitly than he has hitherto done. Among other words attributed to the Presi dent, at the last council, are the following remarka ble expressions, which I give on the authority of Dr. Veron. M. Leon Faucher having dwelt upon the fair chances which the law of May offered for his election, particularly in the towns, the President answered:—" It is not for me a question of eventualities more or less favourable, but a question of principles. There exist only two principles, that of inheritance and that of the national sovereignty. No good whatsoever can ever be done with a quasi-legitimacy. I do not under stand how so many distinguished statesmen could entertain a contrary hope under Louis-Philippe. My power having issued without restriction from the national will is a true legitimacy, and I can not consent to become the younger branch of universal suffrage." These words have all the stamp of the President's carefully pre ' pared pithy and compact speeches, and it is impos sible to question their authenticity. In the cabinet council held yesterday, M. Leon Faucher formally requested the President to explain his intentions as to the law of May. He declared that he and his colleagues had need of his entire confidence, in order I to bear the burthen of the administration, so difficult ' I under actual circumstances, and that if this conti , dence were weakened by intentions or tendencies contrary to their well-known policy, he and the rest of the ministers should feel obliged to tender their joint resignation. The answer of the President I does not seem to have been quite satisfactory to ! ministers, for I understand that they did actually I give in their resignations. For the rest, the silt nce last night of the f'atric, which is always eager to con tradict the least rumour of ministerial change, when it can do so without a positive violation of truth, is sufficiently significant that a ministerial crisis does I really exist. In connexion with these facts and ' rumotus must call your attention to a remarkable r ght expreisiS. TO CORRESPONDENTS. A deeded! TAl.da !" TM raprodA" stwAttualt •ad um @made' t wrier," a ple.tAmed every rasably dad dnday aigl.. la time tar rwt. I d erimadatelatdel.llw . Tlke gaprest," Landon E•ealad paper, moot be at UM 112... ta, Ileavenaduett. Iwo o'Cack ea the HIGH W ATKA AT LONDON BRIDGE Tes. lur —ll,es.as. D No— hem's. 3a. 335. Tookuiraw —Morning. ...... %Rennie. 411 23a. LONDON, MONDAY, OCTOBER 13. Tiivr pour old body, the German Diet, only just raised from what was thought to he its death-bed, and replaced in its easy chair to mumble once more over its. protocols, has been thrown into eons ulsions by a note of Lord PALMERSTON'S. His lordship, it is kris:;, caused Mr. GLADSTONE'S pamphlet on the doings of the King of NArtEs to be printed in the usual official form, and forwarded to the several diplomatic agents of England; and they were ordered to lay • copy of the pamphlet v. ith a note before the government to which each was accre dited. Mr. Gt. eusroteel shot at absolutism was cer tainly hold and well-aimed, but what tipped the point of his arrows with poison was, that they came inscribed with the name and the sanction of Lord ANERDEEN. It was no doubt because of their being tory missiles, bearing the official stamp of ADLIWEEN. that Lord PALMER , TON has taken such nrilieints pleasure in firing them from his own offi cial bow into all the courts of absolutism, and all the old dens of continental diplomacy. We wonder bow the Gladstonian epistle has been re ceived at St. Petersburg, and what length of logical bitterness Count NES,ELEDDE will indulge in an swering it. Lord Cowttr's presentation of the letter to Loral AUERDLEN came before the German Diet on the Moth ult. The note of Lord Patstrne sroN, which accompanied them, besought the Bred Serene Diet ;the epithet becomes singularly in npplicaldr: at the moment) to take colmisance of certain nets of barkrion in the south of Europe. As it once was inclined to exert itself on behalf of the African slaves, the Diet was now begged to employ its good offices in favour of the victims of Neapolitan cruelty. 'I he President of the Diet, Count 'I HUN, who has the reputation of being the most bigotted and zealous Homan catholic in Europe, denounced the heresy of WA:tense - test send Cord Patnresrux with the unc tion of a Grand Inquisitor. He maintained that to criticise the criminal justice of other coun tries is a most flagrant breach of the rights of n:!I ions. The King of NAPLEs thought fit to imprison some thousands of his sub• jerk for the crime of constitutionalism. In Austria, Faxony, and in Haden, the German governments Lad nut indeed imprisoned people for the same crime, but had shut them after a summary trial by court martial. If the King of NAI'LLY had sworn to the constitution which he imprisoned and tortured his subjects and his es-ministers for cc :staining true to, the kings of Germany had also swore to that German constitution which they after wards shut their subjects for defending. The ease of Ge;anan princes was therefore as Lad, if not worse, than the case of his Majesty of NAPLE , . If English statesmen interfered with the one, they might equally ai;athematist the other. And if no, what was to become of kingly freedom and independence? 'the Prussian envoy to the Diet haring, of course, said ditto to his master the Austrian, it was agreed v.'s. cm. that Count Tiers; should be empowered to mid a lecture to Lord Petum:sroN. The lecture was to be conflictd as follows: - Th.it thi nn 'tie Diet twine tAken tagnirtnee of the unte — tithe 1:66 .h government, its - clalimb a ot a 10. rot unusual nature ; that It aisockrree rites which gene rally regulated dtplomary, no go vernment ever having done such a thing; and that the Diet would not do what was asked, or make may r, presentation t.. the Neapolitan government, especially ilrealOW by thus mt dating with the Internal alfairs or a for... and an independent government, it would authorise the interfer, nee in the affairs of the Confederation of cer tain cabinets. whose intervention the Diet was determined to r, pudiate. whatever their pretensions. For this reason the Diet repudiated and reproved the slip which Lori l'almerston proposed to it in the name of the British government. After all, we think that Lord I'ALMERATIIN will oililirt• the ponderous blow her. aimed at him by the • German 1/ht ; the more so, as the I diet cheese to make France a party and an ally toEnglish interference; for tliis is the moaning of the wads certain cabinets." Thus the sapient Count in parrying a blow from the English secretary, hits the French minister a blow upon the shins. This is in the highest degree edify rig and amusing. e cannot touch upon the sub;eet of the outrages offend by the Neapolitan government to humanity, without pointing out the ulole article on the subject whit h appears in the new number of the Edialairo Re, :rm. The evidence which it adduces is most fall with regard to Poyetto and SETTi SinitlNl. and must. we think, put the Times to shame. Thu Times took for gospel the assertions of the Neapolitan go vcrnment.that Mr. 0 I...instt t. had committed a great error iu calculating the prisoners at twenty thousand, when there were but two thousand and old in prison to meet their trial. The Ediarmryh Iterien- exposes the barefaced trick of this assertion, mendacious on the face of it, though so coolly admitted as true by the Times. That journal also assumed, on the credit of police evidence solely, that the- existence of the society of tin:Unita /toliocor was proved, and that l'oEmowati a member of it. The ZlMlmegh Rerime concludes ' ns did the Daily Ai era. that such a society neverexisted. The reviewer might have strengthened that opinion by showing that the acensations against Pomo° and the I"Mht Itationa were fur having brought about the insurrection of the lath May, an insurrection of the KING'S provoking, and most certainly the result of no conspiracy, and of no association, beyond that of a universally in dignant people. But the reviewer, like Mr. GLAD srt,N v. molds the historical and political proofs of what he advances, in order to spare the KING per lonally,and throw the fault on his minister. As if the constitutional fiction held in the kingdom of Naples, where it is unfortunately but too evident that the monarch'spersonal duplicity and cruelty are to be charged with the whole mass of crime,mendacity and horror. Tit tr the claims of meddling and ambitious pre lates. like the primates of Sardinia and Savoy, to the favourable notice of a certain portion of the tng fish public. should be urged by Cardinal \YrsEnv; and Dr. CULLEN, and their organs of the press, is natural enough. The Archbishop of TVRIN denies the temporal Jurisdiction of the crown over the lives and fortunes of the clergy. and excommunicates all who assert it. The Archbishop of CAGLIARI backs Lis brother prelate in the same pretensions, and menaces au interdict, as the surest way to stir up the superstitious and brutal popillace of his province against the law. %o won der. therefore, these excellent and amiable personages should be amongst those whom the orions of WiSEMAN :Ind of Cr LLEN delight to honour. eek after week their praises with those of the devout King of NTart.ns and his confessors, and many another calf of questionable metal are sounded forth. and Israel is bidden to the worship. All this is very remarkable, yet natural, and needs no expla nat _ _ 'that the very different example of another Ito mini tatholie metropolitan and a much nearer neigh bour of ours.—the Archbishop of PAItIA —should at the same time hare altogether escaped their notice is a fact not less remarkable, and quite u compre hensible withal. as the first. _ _ . hlgr. SIBOVIi. the present Archbishop of Paris. laid the bCC of I)igne at the time when, be the I death of his immediate predecessor. Mgr. ArrnE, who fell at the barricades of June. ISIS. the archi episcopal see became vacant. '1 he piety, zeal, and capacity of the Bishop of DIGNE pointed him out as the fitting successor of that lamented primate, and, to his astonishment—for, as he tells us. he believed hiniselt to be " profoundly unknown to men in lower"—Mgr. Sworn, upon the recommendation of General Cay.ttuN.te's government, found himself preferred to the high dignity of metropoLtan of France. In his first pastoral to his arebdiocese, l dated the 9th of October, laiv, he thanks (Jou that the wealth, the pomp, the worldly power, the luxury, and all the false and borrowed brilliancy-which once belonged to the dignity of Archbishop of P.m., have successively disappeared iii the :wig course of political tempests.' , lie proclaims " his unalterable faith in the final triumph of freedom." lie congratidates hie church on her alliance with a free state, and dealer's his confidence in " the support she has acquired from a government tempered in the fire of revolutions." Three years have gassed away, and still we see this excellent and loWly-minded prelate faithfully and steadfastly adhering to those honourable ante cedents, in a country where apostasy from liberal principle appears at present to be the rule, and fidelity the exception. When the renegade MON TALEMSEKT and Lthe bigots of the part; protre were hailing with savage delight the triumphs of It lie - ail, the Archbishop of PARIS was nobly endeavouring to awaken the French mind to a sense of the injustice which threatened Venice, and the disgrace which would redound to France from her abandonment of that heroic republic. When Dr. ect.t.e.s was electrifying the Irish world with his Roman fulminations against freedom of opinion and publication, and the Roman world with his diatribes, against GALILEO and COPERNICUS, the pri mate of France was sedulously labouring to persuade his clergy of their own necessities iu matter of science, I oftheinjusticeandabsurdityof thoseantiquated appre- hensions w hich had made them unlearned, and had so long kept them so—of the intellectual advantages which that great constitutional privilege, a free press, brings in its train ; and of the social calamities which flow from ignorance. When the synod of Thurles was putting down the secular education of the laity in Ireland, the Archbishop of PARTS was secularising the education of his own ecclesiastical students. When Cardinal WISEMAN and the papal bishops were monopolising the management, confiscating the funds, and breaking the limitations of charities in England, the Archbishop of PARIS was organising (in concert with his clergy and the laity), a general scheme of charitable administration, of which they alone were to be the managers, insomuch that "no one shall ear, or think, that we administer at our discretion the funds of the diocese ; for we love better to be your pastor than your administrator; and it is your spiritual government which particu larly regards us.' When the same cardinal was framing measures, such as his own Motu Proprio and that of the l'ore, for taking out of the hands of the clergy the little share they had in the government of themselves and the church of which they were ministers, the Archbishop of PARIS was giving an increased action to the presbyterian clement in his province of the church, and telling the world that " the ecclesiastical government is essen tially constitutional." When the same Cardinal, in fine, and the prelates who follow him were by every possible means coercing . their clergy into obedience to their tyranny, and intriguing to obtain new powers from Rome for maintaining it, the Archbishop of PARIS was taking measures for giving more freedom to the clergy of France, and fur securing to them a species of trial by jury, in place of the summary jurisdiction, in canonical cases, which the Cuncordat of 1801 had conferred upon himself and his suf fragans ; " for the honour of the priests ought to be respected as the honour of other citizens: they ought not to be at the mercy of a single and sovereign will, and that ono very susceptible of evil counsel; when the episcopal authority ceases to be liable to the charge of caprice and tyranny, it will gain in respect —it will gain, above all, in affection." And, not to mul tiply instances, when Dr. ULLATIIORNE was pledging himself to exasperate his protestant townsmen and to disturb the peace of Birmingham by the needless assumption of titles and powers, vain and worthless, uo doubt, in themselves, but important in the eyes of the law, which was defied, and of the QUEEN and people, who were insulted by the assumption—when his priestly ally, Dr. CAIIILL, was threatening the protestants of these isles with the imaginary dangers of invasion from France, and recounting with delight his distempered visions of bayonets reeking red with English blood ;" and when that most approved and cherished organ of episcopal opinion, the Tablet, was putting forward its unblushing " plea for per jury" (we quote its own words), and showing the way to impunity through the prevarications of the jury -box, at that very time the Archbishop of PARIS was inculcating amongst his clergy and his people, with all the emphasis of his high authority, doctrines of law and order, doctrines of peace and goodwill, doctrines as opposite to those of the ungrateful and disloyal fanatics whom we have named as the heaven which inspired his pen is to their source of inspira tion. We need not give instances. Evidently Mgr. &DOUR is not one of the Wisottx and CULLEN school ; and the silence of its champions is at once explained. Their favourites of the French church are prelates like the Bishops ofAirrnES and Le, us. %%ien the former prelate read the decree of the Council of Paris against sacerdotal internicddling with elec tions, and the noble pastoral from which the above extracts arc taken of the Archbishop of Ruffs, through whose influence the council was induced to adopt it, "his lordship," shrugging his shoulders and elevating to heaven his eyebrows, exclaimed, "If they take away our politics what shall we have left as'" The Bishop of LUCON, as we learn from the ruirers, has been pastoralising also, but in a very different sense from the Archbishop of PARIS. Ms pastoral, which appeared on the ith inst. in the columns of that godly journal, must have been the very thing for the cardinalitcs. It condemns W.itvitskSeutt's:works without exception, to the in ' dex. It does the same by CIItTEACHRTAND, and the "Arabian Nights" and " Don Quixote." The first was condemned as a protestant; the second as an insuffi cient catholic; the third as no Christian; the fourth ' as being of no religion at all. One unhappy writer of school books is condemned because he cites " ariLor and TIIIERRY;" another because he blames "the massacres of Saint Bartholomew," and thinks that they were caused by " religious fano ticistu." But first of all, and more than all, it con demns "that irreligious journal La Prem." The number of its ahontp , s is deplorable; but they are becoming and shall become less —no priest must subscribe to it. No priest must be seen with it. No Ipriest must " ordinarily" read it ! Let every priest become the ahottnel of some one catholic print, like , the lisircrs, and stick to that. Such is the mandate lof the Bishop of Luco,r. What says the Archbishop of PARts ? Alas! quite the contrary. The three following paragraphs are extracted from as many different pastorals of the same prelate, viz., those of the Bth June, 1851, the 13th January,lB:ll, and the 21th August, 18,30. Is there on earth anything more excellent than religion t and eon wo find anything more fatal than superstition and fisoatieisat We would therefore advise the priest who denim to keep his mind free from exaggeration, and to remain superior to contrary opinions, in judging them with impartiality and 41,114i:tare—him we would advise to read with great pre caution the public prints. The .0%111146—we speak gene rally—are dogmatic, sweeping, severe. They are exag gerated and exclusive—pushing to extremes in the interest of tlyL hour. They see nothing good but on their own system, they tolerate only their own opinion, and they neither accept nor appreciate what does not relate to that. If it be so, may dear fellow-labourers, that you would devote some part of time—so precious to the priest—to the study of the newspapers—and it is, perhaps, one of your duties, were it only to keep you informed of the distary of your comitry, and of the world—do not attach yourselves sla vishly to the word of the journal which you have adopted, if you would not become almost imperceptibly, and some times even in spite of yourselves, CARTY•AIT:S. 111 what you tied there accept all that is true, just, noble, and gene rous, and repel, as the religion whose ministers you are re pels, all that is passionate, rancorous, and exclusive. Sec their opinions yourselves, each in its true light ; not as die figured, by opponents, but such as they are exposed to you by their authors. Listen seriously mad with sincerity to those who are not of your opinion ; and then you, who sometimes are so unjust to your adversaries. so harsh to those who have not your nuance of seeing things ; even you wits end by believing that a man may be of good faith, and an honest men, and yet not think as you do ! We warn you not to confound two things ESACITIALLT utertessr—the catholic press and Me teaching of the church. Unfortunately, that press in pretending to be ca tholic, even more so than the bishops, not only holds itself out as the organ and prop of the church, but it confounds itself a ith the church, by abusing, so far as it can, Cranks oi ni..n of the public; and thus drautne her into its it compromises her in the eyes of many ; scandalises a great number of the faithful; and, by its violence', so opposed charity, drives trim her bosom a large body of her chil -1 deem, I.st, blinded, or indifferent ; or only opposed to Yeti , gion so far as men have mingled there of frailty or passion. And, after all this, they boast still of being devoted to Mi.. goon, an d teach others every day, in the columns of the Uosrers, I further titan, we sce it to-day. The religious press teaches and governs in the church. Misled by their in ' discreet ardour of dogmatising, they habitually ex aggs rate and falsify everything—affirming as truths iscontestible opinions the most questionable, confounding wh.,t is essential to church government with what is sem i dental, int. riveting, after their manner, Is ithout the bishops, and sometimes in their teeth, acts emanating di rectly or indirectly from the Holy See, casting ridicule, disfavour, and odium—often even the suspicion of schism and heresy—on the opinions and sentiments of all who do not agree with them, and exercisia.: a kind of tvranny over the clergy, and a sort of moral violence over the bishops. 1. rt GERMANY, VIENNA, Ocr. 8. From Pesth and Hermannstadt there have arrived to-day lists of the sentences pronounced by the court martial on another batch of" political prisoners. In the first list figure thirty-eight members of the "il legal" Hungarian ])iet, and of the "rebel" com missioners. The sentences pronounced were death by the halter, and confiscation of the property of all. The Emperor's mercy has commuted the sentences on seven to ten years imprisonment, on thirteen to six years' imprisonment, on seven others to four years', on four to two years' imprisonment; and the remaining seven have been liberated altogether. These condemned at Hermannstadt were formerly officers in the Austrian service. They are forty in number. The sentences pronounced by the court were death by the halter upon all. Their punish ment has been commuted to sixteen, twelve, ten, eight, six, five, three, and two years respectively. Archduke Albrecht is to assume the government of Hungary on the 18th inst. at Pesth. 7.: The salt treaties between Austria and Russia, which expire in the forthcoming year, arc expected to be renewed, negotiations on the sulject having already been commenced. The Austrian finances derive large supplies from the consumption of salt in Russia, the demand for which has of late years con siderably augmented. In addition to the quantities delivered by the Austrian government, according to the terms of the treaty, the Russian government has drawn front the depot salt to the valve of 1,1.31,133 florins, which amount will be deducted from the ex pense of the Russian intervention in Hungary. UNITED STATES. ARRIVAL OF TUE EUROPA. The royal mail steamer Europa, Capt. E. G. Lott, arrived at Liverpool on Saturday night, at half-past 11. She left Boston on the Ist instant at noon, and l lalifax early on the morning of the 3rd. We have, therefore, by this arrival news three days later direct, and by telegraph from New York to Halifax four days, or to the 2nd instant. The Europa has 31 passengers and 10,400 dollars in specie. The mail steamer Canada arrived at Boston on the Ist of October in the evening, and the screw steamer Glasgow at New York at 10 p.m., on the 30th Sept. There is very little news of political importance by this arrival, the centre of attraction by this arrival being the commercial advices, which are very impor tant. The Franklin expedition had reached New York after their fruitless search. We have dates from Mexico to Aug. 25. The country generally was quiet. The death of General Carrosus is announced. General Morin had been censured for surrendering the Almagre and Saabia, the two American vessels seized at Tehuantepec. An insurrection has broken out in the Central American States of San Salvador and Guatemala. General Carrera, with a force of 1,500 men, had attacked tho enemy in San Salvador, who mustered .1,0411) strong, and defeated them, with a loss of four men killed. He then evacuated the country. The revolution, by the last advices, had commenced on the Rio Grande, and the insurgents, after capturing the government bands, had marched to join Carababel, who was con centrating his forces near Monterey. A number of literary men held a meeting on Wednesday, the 21th inst., in the Library Rooms, City Hall, for the purpose of adopting measures to pay proper regard to the memory of the lute J. Feni more Cooper. Rufus W. Griswold called the meet ing to order, and stated the obiectof it. It had been intended to make a more public demonstration of a meeting, but many gentlemen were necessarily ab sent. Bishop Doane, J. K. Paulding, Henry C. Carey, Wm. C Bryant, George Bancroft, and others, were out of town. A comnnttee was formed, Wash ington Irving, chairman and president, Judge I)ucr, F. Halleck, It. Kimball, George Bancroft, and 1)r. Francis, who were empowered to arrange prelimina ries. The Nile nrk Tritome says that the use of tho new female costume is greatly on the increase, and adds of the Bloomers : We arc glad to observe a better behaviour toward themby the sovereign e ublie. It is one benefit at least of the increased adoption of the dress. Bloomers arc getting to be tou general to excite surprise or ridicule. ' A duel, in which one of the parties was slain, oc curred in Brownsville, on the Hai instant. On Sun day evening, about eight o'clock, a dispute arose between Mr. W. IL Harrison, of that city, and Mr. W. O. Clarkc,.of Point Isabel. A sort of informal duel, with five shooters, was proposed and accepted on the instant, in the street. They went out and at fifteen paces commenced the contest. Both pistols missed tire in the first attempt; the deceased's pistol missed fire a second time; his antagonist fired, with out effect, and again fired a second time, when tho deceased fell by a shot near the region of the heart. A warrant was issued for the arrest of Mr. Harrison, but he passed the river into Mexico before it could be executed. Several of tho persons charged with participation in the Christiana riot, growing out of an attempt to seize a fugitive slave in Lancaster Co., Pa., have sus tained their primary examination, and have been com mitted to prison in Philadelphia to take their trial for murder and treason at the next session of the cir cuit court of the United States. Our correspondent writes as follows: NEW YORK, SEPT. 30. I informed you some weeks ago of a riot at Christiana, in Pennsylvania, where, in un attempt to obtain possession of some fugitive slaves, their owner was killed, and several of his party were dangerously wounded. Since that time numerous arrests have been made of persons, black and white, who were engaged in the affray, and they arc to be tried for murder and treason. Among the blacks arrested as accessories are four, who were recognised as fugitive slaves, and sent back to their masters without hesi tation. All these contests on the part of the aboli tionists and the runaway slaves end in the injury of the parties they were intended to benefit. A very large meeting has been held in Charleston, South Carolina, at which separate secession was warmly and efficiently opposed The course things arc now taking in that state seems to give assurance that no attempt at disunion will for the present be successful. It has become evident of late that the southern states are all, with the one exception, loyal to the Union, and cannot be induced to break away from the ties which have bound us together. It is a source of the greatest satisfaction to us that things are shaping themselves thus. It would be a pity in deed if this great country should be torn by intes tine commotions. The preservation of a few hun dred slaves might be something to South Carolina, but she would by secession lose everything else. We therefore hope and trust we shall survive, and proudly, too, all the assaults of our enemies at home and abroad. Among the new candidates for the presidency on the part of the democrats is Mr. L. Mary, our secre tary of war during the difficulties with Mexico. iIO is a very able man, and I should not be .surprised if he were elected the next president. AMERICUS. NICARAGUA. We have dates from Nicaragua to Sept- 2. After the dispersion of the legislative body at Ma nagua, as stated in previous advice's, it assemblml again at Granada. Senor del Montenegro, the di rector elected by that body, succeeded in establish ing his government, but died a lbw days after. A new election took place. The real leader of the Gre nadine party is Hon Truto Chamorro, a man of a narrow mind and obstinate character. Ho is the commander of the military force of the Grenadine government. The position of the United States Charg d'Affaires, Mr. Kerr, is invested with a great deal of interest. When Mr. Kerr ar rived at Leon, ho was informed that the government of Nicaragua could not receive him, this state having formed with the two states of San Salvador and Honduras, a confederation, to which the foreign relations had entirely been ceded by each of the three member, and that he had to present iris credentials to the federal government. This, from want of such in structions, Mr. Kerr, of course, could not do, and thus he could nut take an official position. It inar,t appear singular that the government at IVashington has not been informed of a state of things which made the sending of charge d'affaires to Nicaragua an impossibility. The new confederation has since refused to hold any further communication wttli Mr. Chatfield, the representative of Great Britain in