The Express. — London, England, 1846-12-31 00:00:00

c h ose n by Providence as • means for re-establishing the alliance between Fmnos and England, dis turbed by the Spanish marriages. England cannot leek calmly by, or confine herself to ineffective clamour, when !twee/ declares that the kingdom of Poland him ceased to be. Such passive silence would prove to all the world that England does not now possess one jot of influence on the Continent. And, forsooth, as soon as the territory of Warsaw has become a Russian province, the hour will then have struck fur Russia to march towards Constantinople; and to obstruct this march there is but one expedient—a de eenaive and offensive alliance between Francs and England. What the future may render indispensable, were as well to be provided for as soon as possible. We are, however, far from supposing that such an alliance between the two great constitutional powers would deter Ramie from such a step which it has in contemplation. France and England may work together to prevent, but their united strength is not sufficient. Austria and Prussia alone, whose interests are greatly at stake, and whose rights are firmly devoted by special treaties, as well as by the final act of the Congress of V:enna, are called upon, and it is their duty to oppose this act of ineorporation. Not only the in dependence of their own states, but the safety and liberty of all Germany, demands this opposition ; impose it upon them as the fulfilment of • sacred duty. It cannot be said, that, since 1833, Poland no longer exists ; that it is all one whether its name be erased or not from the States of Europe. The preservation of that name is of the highest importance for Europe ; for Germany in particular. With the name the conscience that they are a subjugated race will die away in the breasts of the Pules, and they will gradually dissolve into the Russian mass. Panslasism will become a reality,l threatening danger to civilization, and a battle for life or death will spring up be tween them. If Austria and Prussia would anticipate this struggle, it is high time for them to be up and doing, man fully to oppo-e the projected incorporation of Poland. BERLIN, DEC. 24.—During the month of November last, there were not less than 400 convictions for robberies, 150 of which were accompanied by violence. The distress of the working-classes is considerable, and the price of provi dons very high. There is some talk of forming an establish ment for procuring employment for operatives, similar to the Dresden, Leipsie, and Hambro ones. The civic authorities are actively and constantly engaged in devising and in cerry- ing out measures fir the relief of the poor. Soup is distri buted daily, gratis, to 3000 persons ; and it is intended, if the price of bread should experience another rise, to allow the necessitous classes to purchase a 5 silbergroechen loaf for 4 ailbergroschen—the remaining silbergnachen to be paid by the city. It is resolved, also, to levy a duty on game, the proceeds to be devoted to the poor. There are at present in this city two large bakers' shops where the needy are sup plied with bread below the retail price. One of them lately received a subscription of 500 thalers from the King. A third shop of the kiud is about to be opened. —Colvtle Gazette, Dec. 21. About one-half of the GOO prisoners at Posen (charged with having taken a part in the late Polish insurree tion) have been set at liberty. According to the Berliner Nachrieten, several months must elapse before the remainder can be regularly . brought to trial. The -lustrous Obserrer refutes, as follows, the accusation of some of the Paris opposition journals, that the French ministry was informed previously of the in tended incorporation of Cracow: " The accusations of the French journals, repeated by the English press, are devoid of foundation. It was only on the 18th Nov., of this year, that the French cabinet was apprised of the resolution of the three powers concerning Cracow, by the o ffi cial com munication of the Austrian Charyj d' Affaires at Paris." BREsLile, DEC. 23.—The publication of the plan of the government, sass the S•lesian Gazette, to establish agricultural colonies on several state demesnes, has excited considerable attention amongst the starving weavers of the Hirschberg valley ; and it is hoped that a portion of them will be induced to settle in those home colonies. As nenal towards the end of every year. several German journals, headed by the Bremer and the IVeser aszettes, con fidently assert that the King of Prussia intends to make some constitutional concessions to his subjects at the begin ning of next year. There appears to be some plan on the sops, but it is probable that the " constitution" will be merely an unimportant extension of the privilt gas of the provincial states. DEC. 22.—During the past and the current month, nearly 10,000 bales of English yarns were imported into this city, in order to be introduced into the Zollverein before the new and higher tariff comes into force. Speculators, however, have been rather tardy in their orders or their consignments, for the frost has checked navigation, and the proprietors of land conveyances have considerably raised their prices. A portion of the yarns has been for warded by railway, but as the goods trains, properly called, will not be employed before the beginning of the new year, the charge for railway conveyance is high at present. TURKEY.—A letter from Constantinople, of the 9th, in the Augsburg Gazette, states, that the news of the incorporation of Cracow had caused some excitement there ; as some of the powers might, for the same reasons, take a fancy to Bosnia or Bulgaria. To quiet any apprehensions on the subject, the conduct of Austria, at the time of the war for Greek independence, is quoted. A high dignitary is said to have made the remark—" Were the maritime powers aware or not of what was to take place ?" That is the question; and his Turkish fertile imagination led him into a picture of doleful results for the future. The head of the police at Pere had been dismise,d, having been found in league with tome pilferers, whom it was his duty to have captured. At Mussul the cholera had not committed great ravages; only 200 persons had died. AMERICA.—MtiSION TO JAPAN.— Commodoro Biddle, in the Columbus, 80-gun ship, accompanied by the Vincennes frigate, Captain Paulding, arrived at the entrance of the Bay of Yeddo on the 20th of July. They were, soon after their arrival, surrounded by 400 or 500 small boats, containing from fiveto twenty men each. These boats were not rowed at all, but worked by a scull abaft, and the people in them were generally unarmed. They were ap parently, the greater numher of them, private boats pressed for the occasion. A man in office came on board the Vin cennes, and placed a stick with some symbol on it at the head of the ship, and another abaft ; but as soon as the cap tain understood that this ceremony implied taking possession of the vessel, he ordered his people to take them down, to which no objection was made. The Japanese at first tried even to prevent communication between the two ships, and when Captain Paulding went on board his commodore, the triple line of boats round the latter made no attempt to move ; but on his ordering his men to cut the connecting lines, no opposition was made. Some of the better Japanese wore one sword, and only a few of the highest rank possessed two, a long and short cite, of which the first was double handed. These were evidently the principal ornament and mark of rank. The people are described as better-looking than the Chinese, and superior to them in most respects. No person went ashore from the two ships, though these were ten days at anchor. A public despatch was sent of by the American Commodore (acting as envoy) to the Court at Yeddo, distant some leagues, and a written reply received io seven days, stseing that no trade whatever could be allowed with America. On their departure the two ships allowed themselves to be towed out by the whole fleet of boats, which moved by signals between each other, and with great order. The interpretation wascarried on by a Japanese, who understood Dutch very well. The mandarins were ex tremely polite and well-conducted, and, when out of sight of their followers, disposed to be sociable and communica tive, even making exchanges of small presents, as fans, &c. The appeared surprisingly well-informed as to external events, and had even heard of the Oregon question. The Dutch, in fact, are obliged to keep them supplied with all kinds of information at the trading port of Nangasaki. Subsequent to the departure of the Americans, the Bey of Yeddo, it is said, was visited by Admiral Cicille, in the French frigate Cleopatra, accompanied by two corv ettes. It is asserted that some dispute took place, and that the French left in high dudgeon, but none of their ships have yet ar rived from the north, and therefore the information cannot be relied on. ennswance.—The sloop.of-war Boston ran aground on the island of Eleuthera, on the 15th ult. The following account of the occur rence is from a correspondent of the New j S ort Herald :—At about 4k. 30m. e.g., of Sunday, the 15th instant, while running down between this island and Abico, in order to Two through Providence channel into the Gulf Stream, a heavy rainasquall struck the ship, completely biding the horizon from our sight; and in twenty-eve minutes more, white the squall was still upon us, we struck upon the reefs off the northern end of Eleuthera. The helm was immediateltput down to bring her by the wind ; but the rudder had been curried away, and the poor old ship went surg ing on over the rocks, rolling tremendously, till it seemed miracu lous that the masts, borate, and guns, did not jump out of her. The anchor, too, wag let go; but she would not lie snubbed, and dragged it alter her. At this first thump, all hands sprang from their ham mocks, and were on deck in an instant. We soon stripped the ship of ber entre', and still on she went thumping and groanirw, rolling, till her bilge would rake against the bottom; the sea breaking over us and flooding the decks, and everything moveable thrown with violence from side to side of the vessel. Presently the main top pliant mast went over the side. By this time day was breaking, and we found ourselves close aboard the land—a land of sharp coral rocks. We had come in at high water, and with a spring tide. The quarter boats were lowered, but they swamped alongside, broke adrift from tis, and laid their bones in fragments eni the beach. The mizenmset was soon cut away, and the main and fore followed in succession, and there she lay, not more than fifty feet from the shore, a dismasted wreck. Two or three hundred wreckers came over from Harbour Island and Spanish wells to our assistance ; but a portion of them, however, were em ployed. They are now diving for the copper that has been torn off by the from the offshore side of the vessel. Fortunately, not a soul vastest, and owing teour having been driven up on the topers spring tide, we have eas almost everything. With our cutlasses and battle ates we have cleared away about an acre of land, and are now living Is este built of our spars tad sails; but, withal, in a most Robinson Crewe style. We have alas cut a road through the brushwood to a convenient place of embarkation about a mile distant. COLONIAL. NEW ZEALAND. Yesterday the Times published a communication containing intelligence from Wellington, which is im portant. The letter referred to bears the date of " Welling ton, July and states that on the 20th of that month Governor Grey had proceeded on board the Driver to Wal kman and Otahi; had intercepted an emissary of Rau_peraha carrying a letter to Rangihaeata, stating that he (Ranpe raha) had arms and ammunition for him, and had. caused Ranperaha (with Charley, and three other New Zea landers) to he arrested at the pals of the old chief, carried on board the Driver, and laid in irons. The reason why we entertain doubts of the truth of this news is, that in a letter dated 4th August, received from Wellington, via Valparaiso, on the 9th inst. (of which an extract is published in the Express of the 10th), no mention is male of this event, although the writer mentions Governor Grey's operations against the strongholds of the disaffected chiefs. The party who communicates to the Times the letter purporting to be written at Wellington on the 2oth of July, does not state by what conveyance it was received. The letter itself has not the appearance nf having been written by a party well acquainted with the topography of the country adjoining Cook's Straits, for it describes the pah of the Chief lieu-Hen, at Taupe as I hetwee." Wanganui and Taranahi." The intelligence may be true, and it is most desirable that it should, but we must suspend our belief till we hear further It is not long since a corresponOent of the Times, profs seing to write from Auekbuid, represented a vs:eel as "on the slip" there, which, two days before, had been announced in the Auck land newspapers as lying a wreck at Kaipars, on the other side of the island. The following is the letter in question : "The native (or Maori) chief Reuparaha, or, as he is fa miliarly termed by the whalers, Robulla, who is a relative by marriage of the rebel chief ltangibaietta, has latterly pro femed great amity and friendship for the Pakehaa (or white men), and has been visiting the camp of Porirua constantly, and had interviews with the naval officers, and, only 10 days since, with the governor, but has always refused to join them in attacking Itangi. By those who have known him for years, and by all the friendly natives, he is considered the meat cunning, crafty, and treacherous of all the chiefs, and it now appears he has been playing his usual double game. It has been known, though it cuuld not be proved, that he has been in communication with the rebel Rangihaietta for several months, hut fortunately, the proofs are forthcoming. A body of natives from Wanganui were about to join liangi ; to prevent such junction, the Governor (Grey) embarked on board her Majesty's steamer Driver, with 140 rank and file of the 58th and 99th Regi ments, under Major Last, and Captain Stanley, of her Majesty's ship Calliope, and about 68 blue jackets and marine., and a party of 20 armed police, under Major Durie, inspector, and sailed on the 20th instant for Waikenae and Oteki (on the west coast, near the Manawatu river), and where the Ngatiawas, who a. e friendly natives, live. It is said lie had a consultation with the chiefs from Wanganui, stud they have returned home. However, by some means, he laid hold of an emissary from Rauparah a to Rangihaietta, with a letter concealed on his peso n, stating that he bad arms and ammunition for him. Upon this the governor sai!ed back from Waikanae at night, and anchored off Porirus about one cm, on the 24th (yesterday), when Cap tain Stanley and a party of blue jack. ta lapilli just under Rauparaha's pah, called Taupe. • This Taupe is neer l'orirua ' and is on the sea-shore, about a mile from the camp. There is another Taupo, between Wanganui and Teranaki, or New Plymouth, where a land-slip to It place about six weeks ago, burying in his pah the Chief lieu lieu (called Ha-eu, French pronunciation), 6 of his wives, and 50 of his men. Heu lieu was rattier well disposed to the whites, though he disapproved of the government hoisting flag-staffs, &c. Captain Stanley timed his visit so well, that he took Itaupahara, Charley, and three others, before they had time to strike a blow ; he also seized some 37 stand of arms and 6 or 7 kegs sf powder. Raupatiara's men all bolted, and are supposed to have gone to Itangihuietta, is number about 35. Itaupahara himself; and Charley, and the three others are all sate on board the Driver, in irons. Tnis is the most deeiive step Governor Grey has yet taken. Rau pahara and Charley were both at the massacre of Captain Arthur Wakefield, at Wairoa ; and the settlers here are in perfect ecstacv at this bold policy of the governor. " This will more than ten battles to settle the affairs in the Cook's Straits district, as, though the warrior Rangi haietta (who, to do him justice, is a bold, uncompromising enemy . ) is left free, ye - the wily treacherous head, 'taupe raha, is at last caught in his own meshes. The governor is not expected back fer a few days. The prisoners will pro bably be sent to Norfolk Island. They cannot punish them for the Wairoa massacre, as Governor Fitzroy pardoned . them for that affair. " On the 22nd instant, the Levant, from Sydney, arrived with a detachment of 160 men of the 65th llrgiment, which is still on board, waiting for orders." NEW SOUTH WALES. -.- MURDER OF SEAMEN BY AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINES. -The following is an account of the murder of the super cargo, and two seamen belonging to the schooner Thomas Lord. The letter is written by the master of the schooner: " Sydney, August if,, 1810. Dear sir,-It is with much regret that I write you the sad intelligence of the fatal termination of our voyage. We sailed from Sydney on December 23, 1845, in the schooner Thome"; Lord, myself in command of the vessel, Mr. O. it. Hesitant, super cargo. The schooner was well equipped by her owner, Mr. Lewis Leon, merchant, of George-street, for her intended voyage ; we were 22 hands in all; and, besides being pro visioned for twelve months, we were abundantly found with fire-arms and ammunition fur the protection of the vessel and ourselves from the attacks of the savages, with whom we were to trade for tortioie-shell and beehe-la-mer. After leaving Sidney, I proceeded, under poor Mr. Bessant's direc tions, on the inner passage towards Torres Straits, and on the Bth of February, while fishing fir b4ehe•la-nier, on the coast of New Holland, we had a narrow escape of our lives, being attacked by the natives. Their spears tell short of the boats. On the 22d of February, while tithing close to a reef, a very heavy gale of wind set in, and we were blown ashore, with two anchors down ; the vessel bilged, and to our great sorrow we found we had only 15 gallons of water left, under a burning hot sun. Providence, however, spared us, and we were enabled to find fresh water on the main. After great exertious we managed to get the vessel off on the 29th. She leaked very much, but we contrived to stop the leaks, and er.deavoured to get back to Sydney, but could not, owing to the strung south-east wind we had to contend with. We therefore steered to the northward, and finding a convenient spot at liaggerston's Island, in Torres Straits, we hove the schooner down to the shore and repaired her bottom. She then made but little water, and we thought we might be able to coatinue trading in the Straits, and permanently repair in Singapore, to which place we were bound. We then steered towards the coast of New Guinea, visiting several parts of it and the adjacent islands, and trading with the natives, with very little success, fur tortoise-shell. All went on well until June 3rd, whin the schooner lying at anchor off hlulgrave Island, on the western end of Torres Straits, at seven in the morning, poor Bessant, the super cargo, with the carpenter and four hands, left the vessel in the long-boat. Each man was well armed, besides the boat's carrying the swivel-guns mounted on the rail. They took provisions and water with them, intending to stay away for three days on a cruise up the river, to barter with the natives. They first proceeded along the southern end of the island, trading with the natives during the day. The carpenter, who had been in New Caledonia before this, did not like the appearance of the savages, who were doing all they could to entice the boat's crew ashore by many cunning I devices, which natives usually resort to. About six in the evening, finding trade getting slack, they left the island, and proceeded to a small dry sandbank, thinking they would be safe there. They made a tire, and had supper, after which the carpenter proposed going to the boat to sleep in it, but poor Bessant said he should prefer sleeping on shore, thinking there was not the slightest danger. The party divided, the carpenter and twe hands proceeding to the boat, which was anchored a few feet off the shore. About nine o'clock the carpenter called from the boat, " Who has the watch on thor.. ?" Poor Bessant replied, " The whole of us." These were the last words he was heard to utter. Poor fellow, he little thought his end was so near. About 11 1 o'clock the carpenter was awakened by hearing a noise on shore. He looked up, and to his horror beheld, by the light of the moon, the wretched savages, who had colic across in their canoes, murdering poor Bessant, and one of the sea men. He instantly fired at them, when they gave a loud yell, and retreated to the scrub close by. Through the resolute conduct of the carpenter they succeeded in getting the remaining seaman into the boat, but not before the poor I fellow was dreadfully wounded. He afterwards died on board of his wounds. My poor messmate (the supercargo) must have been quite dead when the carpenter and the remainder of the boai.'s crew took possession of his body ; but they were compelled to give it up, as the natives, to the number of at least 200, were again approach ing from the scrub, and canoes were observed coming with numbers more. They appeared to have been killed while asleep, and I am certain made no resistance. Poor Bessant had his pistols in his belt, and his carbine under his head. Ile was a brave fellow, and would not have given in but with his life. At seven the following morning the boat returned to the ship, and the carpenter related the aid intelligence. You may judge my feelings upon hearing the sad end of poor Bessant. He was my only companion on board, and after suffering many privations together, and escaping so many dangers, I little thought this would be his end. The two seamen were both young and promising men. We remained at the island two mare days, but found there was no probability of recovering the bodies of our dead com mies, or avenging their cold-blooded murder. I then dleltermined to return direct to Sydney, where we arrived on the 6th of August, and found our owner had left for England." The following statistical details arc gleaned from various numbers of the Sydney Morning Herald, a journal ebaracterised by judicious temperance of tone, and indefatiga , ble industry in collecting and digesting information : PoruLarios.-During the year 1845 the population of the colony in creased by immigration by the number of 5,968 persons ; of whom 4,317 were males, and 1,651 females. The departures from the colony were 9,266 males and 917 females. The increase by births was 4, males, and 4,184 females, making *Mal of 8,522; end a total Increase by births and immigr ation of 14,490. The decrease by deaths was 2,128, of which 1,145 were males, and 883 females, making a total de crease by deaths and departures of 6,311 persons. The net increase during the year was 8,179, and the total population, as made up from the returns in the Colonial Secretary's department, on the 31st Dec., 1815, was 181,556. The census returns when published will correct these calculations, which are necessarily imperfect. At prwmt the =ion is computed to consist of 74,951 adult males, K 123 adult and 70,382 children. Oeurivaren L t iow.-During the year 1845 the !and in the colony wader cultivation, with the amount of its produce, was as follows i - 87,954 acres of wheat, producing 1,211,099 bushels; 25,372 acres of maize, producing 499,122 bushels ; 10,455 mese( burley, producing 175,407 bushels; 6,109 acres of oats, producing, 88,193 bushels; 330 acres of rye, producing 4,101 bushels: 88 awes of millet, producing I 775 bushels; 5,101 acres of potatoes, goodelog 19,906 tons; 483 I scree of tottecoo, producing 3,985 cwt. NW ewes of sown grasses, 16,614 tom of hay. The telel7l/11Mint of scree under crop 18lu d ig8411111s 144,096, mil in 1845, 163,1 N. lime were 6,000 acres of Ind denial lo wined oultisation more awn Sere was in 1914, but Se gnedneire, 100,000 bestiaries. Ilhe land under tobacco wail. lin try nearly onisigif Om what it was in the wig= me. am4lhe pylon fathoming OIL len • Ilis ilia Is lbealsrip e gift' lad without the bernflories of Madan, ensprit en the as Densaber, 1845, 82,303 Igeem. I,eighon horned tattle, ,006 gid1691111k6,0 2 , 031 sheep. It is distributed as follows :-Gounty of Migge-1,431 rees, 25,027 desed a = 1,750 pits, 268,303 ibz. delitung gh -2,19 -8 2 4 4 tones, ig Wild 119 1 V e lem,. arlsbane-1,698 horses, horned ante, 555 P, 1 Amp. Ciunden-6,468 horses, # horned eittle, 5, • pigs, 42,710 sbeep. Cook--2,037 horses, honed nide, 3,645 pigs, 13,445 sheep. Cumberhind-11, 775 kaissi. 29,838 horned cattle, 11,874 pigs, 9,733 sheep. Durtuun-4,818 = 52,891 horned cattle, 6,993 pig 5,107,782 sheep. Georgiana -2,121 18,113 horned cattle, 724 pigs, 118,608 sheep. Gloucester-2,093 horses, 23,240 horned cattle, 1,406 pigs, 71,256 sheep. Hunter-956 horses, 6,029 horned cattle, 1,506 pigs, 5,324 sheep. King-683 horses, 16,674 horned cattle, 561 pigs, 49,141 sheep. Macquarie - 1.474 horses, 1 18,936 horned cattle, 1,046 pigs, 8,907 sheep. Murray-2,411 horses, 25,673 homed cattle, 1,538 pi gs , 230,047 sheep. Northumberland-5,032 horses, 37,171 horned cat 8,917 pigs, 30,664 sheep. Phillip-511 horses, 6,033 homed matte, 00 pigs, 59,966 sheep. Roxburgh-2,000 horses, 15,000 horned cattle, 600 pigs, 150,000 sheep. St. 'Vinoent -1,729 horses, 25,838 horned cattle, 1,637 pigs, 42,770 sheep. Stanley -181 horses, 883 horned cattle, 286 pigs, 24 6 sheep. WellingtOn -1,442 horses 13,096 horned cattle, 435 pigii, 127,018 sheep. Westmoreland-1,149 horses, 10,097 homed cattle, 827 pigs, THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 31, 1846. 44,400 sheep. Making, 54,339 hoses, 417,641 horned cattle, 50,9.12 pigs, 1,891,499 sheep, within the boundaries. With oat the boundaries there are, in the district of /Nigh, 7eo =33,347 horned cattle, 100 pigs, 137,211 sheep. au finer, 942 hones, 37,831 horned Cattle, 800 pig', 148,957 sheep. Darling Downs, 424 hones, 14,305 horned cattle, 30 pigs, 210,335 sheep. Lecithin, 2,431 horses, 79,443 horned rattle, 1,231 pigs, 159,626 sheep. Liverpool 3,125 horses, 177,720 horned cattle, 300 pigs, 331,588 sheen. liLeay River, 734 horses, 19,148 homed cattle, 490 pigs, 2,274 sheep. Maneroo, 3,064 hones, 133,363 horned cattle, 718 pig', 347596 sheep. Moreton Bay, 384 horses, 14,6'7 horned cattle, 72 pigs, 190,550 sheep. Mummitaidgee. 2,262 hones, 93,199 horned cattle, 500 pigs, 293,068 sheep. New England, 1,392 honer, 50,349 horned cattle. SOO pigs,. 497,079 sheep. Wellington -937 hones, 49,4711 horned cattle, 149 pigs, 1911,075 sheep. Making a total beyond the boundaries of the middle district of 18,673 horses, 698,779 horned cattle, 5,090 pigs, and 2,518,403 sheep, In the Port Phillip district, the county of Bourke contains 1,325 horses, 17,074 horsed cattle, 1,320 pigs, and 89,627 sheep. Grant-521 horsey 6,941 horned tattle, 1,076 pigs, and 163,333 sheep. Normsnby-310 horses, 6,614 horned cattle, 216 pigs, and 108,633 sheep. And beyond the boundaries, 7,133 horses, 2)0,973 horned cattle, 1,374 pars, and 1,4 70914 sheep, making a total of stock in the Port Phillip district of 9,289 horses, 211,602 horned ca. tie, 3,986 pigs, and 1,792,527 sheep. Exmers.-The estimated value of the exports from the colony of New South Wales, in 1811, was 1,128,115/. ; IEIIBI3 it was 1,555,9861.; of which there was exported to Great Britain 1,2 5 4, 6 811., to New Zealand 77,0171., to other British colonies 199,7711., to the South Sea Islands 17,6567., to the fisheries 1,5931., and is foreign states 5,0661. lemma-The imports into the colony in 1814 amounted to the value of 931,2601. • in 1845 the estimated value woe 1,233,8541., of which we imported from Great Britain 777,1121., from New Zealand 31,4701., from other Kritiah colonies 203,289/., from the South Sea ortands 40,0481., from the fisheries 43,5031., from the United States 7,416!., and from foreign states 128,0161. Eerier or Wom.-The total export of wool in the year 1844 was 13,512,173 lbs., valued at 645,344/. ; in 1845 it was 17,364,731 lbs., valued at 1,009,212!.; the Increase in value being nearly double in proportion to the increase in quantity. EIPORT or TALLOV/.-In 11143 the export of tallow was 5,680 cwt. 2 qrsa. la lbs., valued at 9,639/. ; in 1814, 56,609 cwt. 2 qrs. 7 lbs.. valued at 83,5111.; in 180 it was 71,995 cwt., valued at 102,746!. Exposer or B\lx.-In 1843 the export of bark wee 1,199 tons end 6 casks, valued at 5,179/.; in 1844, 2,926 tons and 20 casket, valued at 9,114/. ; and in 1845, 5911 tons, valued at 2,2361. The decrease in the export of this article may be accounted for by the increased consump tion of it in the manufacture of leather, of which the export during the came period was valued at 40,048/., whilst in 1841 it was only 22,000!. TIMID:IA-The estimated value of timber imported into the colony in the year 1841 was 4,1951. • in 1845 it was 10,5 W., including how ever 415 tons of unlit wood, principally the produce of the labour and capital of the colonists, and intended for re-exportation. The value of timber exported in 1844 was 0,8251., and in 1845 of 8,074!. The export is exclusave of vandal wood. Gears AND ewe - During the year 1945, the imports into the colony of grain and breadstuff consisted of 109,355 bushels of wheat, 46,399 bushels barley, 3,327,63211 r. flour and bread, 450,0401b5. rise, and 430 tons potatoes,-the estimated value of which is stated at 39,8551. In 1840, the estimated value of this branch of our importa was 217,0631., and in 18 14, 65,4121., or hearty double what it was last ear. The export of grain, he., durmg the same period, was 1 , 362 bushels wheat, 5,331 bushels maize, 292 bushels barley and oats, 2,837,6321b5. flour and bread, and 50 tons potatoes-estimated at 13,9311. literrea AND Cuerse.-In the year 1813, New South Wales imported 2411,1701 b. of hitter and cheese, valued at 9,497/. In 1844, 60,7041 b., valued at 1,1141. In 1815, 22,2161 b., valued at 5791. In 1843, the export was 81,1731 b., valued at 3,483/. In 1841, 188,1741 b., valued at 3,717!. In 1815, 172,3611 b., valued at 4,3131. The saving to the colony effected by the increased production of these articles exceeds 13,000/. EIPORT or Sroce.-The export of horses during the year 1643 amounted to 1,159-of horned cattle, 3,972 ; of sheep, 33,657-valued at 53,433 e The number of horses shipped in 184 1 was 439, and the total value of the stuck exported the same year amounted to 40,3741. lIIDLA AND Lecture.- In Ixll the value of hides and leather im ported into the colony was 36,1051. ; in 1844, 19,811/. ; and in 1815, 14,1241. In 1143, the export of the same articles amounted to 10,3051.; in 1944, to 22,2851. ; in 1845, to 40,86/. The saving to the colony, as compared with 1813, is over 33,000 e, and aa compared with 1814, about 21,000/. SALT NIKAT.-In 4843 the estimated value of the salt meat imported into the colony WAR 19,216/. ; in 1811, 3,3551.; in 1815, 5,20 4. The export in 1813 woo 13,9247 • in Dill, 18,7301.; and in 1845, 12,10/. Toe FISHERIEN.-111 1836 the estimated value of oil, Sec., the pro. duce of our fisheries. was 140,2_20!.; in 1837, 183,122/.; in 1838, 197,6441. ; in 1839, 172,315'.; in 1810, 224,1442.; in 1841, 127,170/. • in 1842, 77,012/. ; In 1843, 72,9391.; in 1544, 57,49 V. ; in 1845, 96,441. In the later year the quantity exported was 1,3.52 tuna sperm, 571 tuna black, 21 tons and 13 cwt. whalebone, 2 casks and 10 Wee of whalebone. It will be seen that the taheries have been more SUCCCAA fuI, or have been pro-ecuted with greater vigour, in the year 1815, than in any previous year since 1841. Soli% evict is THE CULONIt.-During the last ten years there have been built in the colony the number of 220 vessels of various deserip. lions, of an aggregate tonnage of 10,274. In 1816, 9 were built, too. nage 301; in 1137, 17, tonnage 760; in 1838, 20, tonnage 808; in 1819, 12, tonnage, 773; in 1440, 18, tonnage 1,207; in 1141, 35, tonnuge 2,071;1n1812,26, tonnage 1,357 ; In 1843, 47, tonnage 1,133 ; in 1844, 18, tonnage 519 ; in 1815, 18, tonnage 1,042. Cots. -The amount of coin in the ado dal treasury on the 31st of December, 1811, was nil; on the 31st of December, 1815, 20,000/. In the military chart on the 31st December, 1044, 11,0001. ; on the 31st December, 1815, 51,3:5/. 17s. 4d. In the banks on the 31st December, 1814, 518,923/. Os. Id.; can the 31st Decemher, 1883, 780,8501. Se. 10d. The total amount of coin in the colony on tri te 31st December, 1841, was 559,923/.00. Id.; on the 31st December, 1845, 855,1661. 3s. 2d, showing an increase on the year of 295,245/. 3 a. Id. Sate or CROWN LANDS.-In the year 1339, the minimum price of land was raised from is. to 12a., but the increase did not apply to lands advertised at the lower rate ; the a count of sales was 152,962 L ' In 1340, 3113,6261. In 1811, the system of sule by a fixed price of IL per are was adopted in the district of Port Phillip, and the sales amounted to 911,3871. In 1342, the system of sale by auction at an upset price of 12s. per acre lor country lands throughout the colony was renewed, and the sales were 14,5741. In 1813, the minimum price was raised to I/. per acre, and the tales were 11,297!. In 1841, • 7,102/.; and in 1815, 18,151/. goun. years, shall be exempt from removal, thereby virtually giving and fixing a settlement, is retrospective or not; or whether the period must be computed from the time of the p using of the act. Cases have been submitted by the poor-law com missioners for the opinion of the Attorney and Solicitor. General, the result of which is not yet known, but it is un derstood that the subject will be brought before the Court of Queen's Bench. ANOTHER SITE FOR THE WELLINGTON STATUE. Sir,—la the event of the Wellington Statue being removed from its present position, I would suggest the meeting of the eight avenues in the centre of Kensington Gardens, as an eligible site for its erection, where it would be visible from eight different and distant points.—A CONSTANT READER. MORTALITY AND HEALTH IN THE METROPOLIS.— The number of deaths registered in the week ending the 26th instant was 1268, being a small increase on the large number of the week before. The principal causes of the increased number were, bronchitis-128 above the average of five autumns—diseases of the heart, and diseases of the brain. The very old and the very young appear to have been the chief sufferers, doubtless from the rapid variations and occasional severity of the weather. During the last few days the ap plications for the admission of patients into the several public hospitals have been more numerous than was ever known before. In m►ny inst inces deserving cases have been refused. CHAROE FOR CUSTOM-HOUSE AGENCY FOR CLEAR ING BAGGAGE FORBIDDAR.—Sir,—Having had occasion to complain to the commissioners of customs of au illegal charge made by the agent of the South-Eastern Railway Company, at Folkestone, of Is., for entry of a few trifling foreign arti cles contained in my baggage from the continent, I have re ceived the following reply, which, for the benefit of other travellers, you will perha:is think it right to insert in your respectable jouraal.—T. G. _ WINDSOR, WEDNESDAY.—The Queen and Prince Albert took their accustomed early morning walk. The Duchess of Sutherland and Lady Caroline Leveson Gower are expected to arrive at the Castle to-day. Sir John Hobhouse is also expected on a visit to her Majesty. Sir George Grey left the Castle this afternoon, and returned to town. Arrangements have been made for her Majesty and H.R.H. Prince Albert, accompanied by the Royal Family, to leave Wind , or in the early part of next week for Claremont. Monday is the day at present named. Her Majesty is expi cted to remain at Claremont until Friday or Saturday, the lith or 16th proximo, and then return to Windsor, remaining at the Castle until the following Mon day, on which day, according to present arrangements, the court will proceed to London. Her Majesty will open Par liament in person. It is expected, in consequence of the extensive nature of the alterations in progress at Buck ingham Palace, that her Majesty will not remain in town beyond a week or ten days. It is stated that the Queen, the Prince Consort, and the Royal Family, will leave London for Osborne House about the '2sth of next mouth, and remain in the Isle of Wight till the middle of February. The Archbishop of Canterbury had an interview with Earl Grey yesterday, at the Colonial-office. Dec 29, 1816 Sir—l am commanded by the commissioners of her Majesty's CUR-- toms to =quaint you, that ut consequence of your communication of the Bth instant, representing that you bail been subjected to a charge of Is. for agency, upon the passing of your baggage at Folkestone, the board caused the directors of the South-Eastern Railway Compaily (by whose clerk the demand was made) to be apprised of the eircumstanae, and it appears from the communication which the board have received in reply, that the directors hare given instruction , that no charge whatever shall be made fur passing entries fur goods in the beggrigeof pus...engem -I am, air, your most obedient servant, C. Stoma., Soc.— T. G., Esq. VELcri IN SPECULUM.—" The world is a looking class, and gives back to every man the reflection of his own face. Frown at it, and it will in turn look sourly upon you: laugh at it and with it, and it is a jolly kind companion; and so let all young pers-us take their choice."— Panity Fair. OPENING OP NEW OXFORD-STREET.—Yesterday, the part of New Oxford-street between Bloomsbury-strect and Hart-street was opened for the passage of vehicles ; the entire thoroughfare from Holborn to Tottenham-court-road will be opened early next week. NON-PAYERS OF CHURCH RATES.—Sir,—Your correspondent, " Free-thinker," in attempting to justify the enforcement of church-tares and tithes upon conscientious recusants, overlooks the fact that he is also apologising for the outrageous abuses connected with the present methods of obtaining those imposts. It is pretty generally known that in the upper or Middlesex liberty of St. Andrew's, High Holborn, a most vexatious litigation has for years been going ou between the rector and the pariahioners with a view to extend, and form, compliatiae with, a demand for " ancient money payments in lieu of tithes," supposed to have originated in a "customary payment" by church-going voluntaries on the one hand, and such as " asking no ques tions for conscience-sake :" have thus brought upon themselves and others a demand arising out of that sort of compliance which erroneously supposes that to "bow down" to the priest, and submit to priest craft, is to do homage to religion and obey the command to " hear the church !" These claims vary from Os. to Bs. and 10s. a house, and ere very irregularly, for the reasons before given, edlectecl, both in Holborn and the streets branching from and around it. Some four years ago a seizure was made—an illegal one—for six years' arrears, upon a firm of the Society of Friends in the above locality, which they sub mitted to in accordance with the passive principle they profess—because legal redress is never resorted to by them. What alternative but conscientious submission, and taking " joyfully the spoiling of their goods," have these parties? leaving to society at large the indignation and obloquy which such proceedings Coll forth on the head of the wrong-doer. In the other cases of reeusancy, no less than fourteen bills in Chancery were filed against as many of the most respectable of the inhabitants, eight of whom were (as it was intended they should he) frightened into compliance, funded in illegality; two, through treating the matter lightly, were attached for contempt ; and four are still awaiting judgment. All this, be it observed, inflicted upon them after their cases had been heard before, and finally adjudicated upon under the powers and directions given to the magistrates by the acts of William, 3rd and 4th, for the more easy recovery of small tithes." No longer ago than Christmas week an honest and industrious tradesman in the Minories was thrust into Whitecross-street Prison from inability to pay his tithes, or rather, for neglecting, through ignorance, to " put in an appearance" to a bill filed in Chancery against him for de fault. There he lies immured now, and is likely to remain, " till he has paid the uttermost farthing." inclu din g le g al expenses unless the hand of benevolence shall release him. Do not these iniquities " cry to Heaven" and the legislature for redress ?—Yours, &c. A FILIEND TO THE CHURCH. CLOSING OF THE BRITISH MUSECM.—The British Museum will close this afternoon until Friday the Bth of January. DEATH BY THE FALLING OP A WALL.—Yesterday morning, about half-past 11 o'clock, Mr. William Webber, a master cooper at lllackwall-point, near Blackwell-stairs, was killed by the falling of a wall 10 feet high bounding the premises of Mr. Lungley, house and ship joiner, better known as Ashton 's wharf, adjoining the river. A few days ago upwards of 70 tons of sand was delivered from a barge on Ashton's wharf, and piled against the wall. Mr. Webber having just left his house wasassing close to the wall when it suddenly fell, and Mr. We p bber was knocked down and buried under the bricks and rubbish. Several watermen plying at the stairs immediately set about clearing away the materials, and the unfortunate man was soon extricated, but he was quite dead. The deceased's right leg was broken, several ribs were fractured, and the face was frightfully cut and disfigured. Mr. Webber was in his 53rd year, and has left 3 children to deplore his Ines. The falling of the wall is attributed to the weight of the sand piled against it. Several ratermen were standing close to the wall a few minutes AMOUNT OF OFFICIAL POSTAGE.-Formerly the correspondence of all the public offices went free ; but when the penny postage was established, that privilege, together with parliamentary and official franks, was abolished. The different offices of government paid for official postage, in the year which ended 31st March, 1846, 121,8171. 7s. This sum is thus divided : War-office, 18,782/. 4s. ; Foreign-office, 16,745/. 15a. sd. ; Post offiee, 15,742/. 19s 4d.; Adjutant- General's -oellee, 13,76 IL 14,'.; Ad miralty, 7,0871. 7a. 11,1.; Ordnance, 4 , 633 /. 7s. 11d.; RegeArar- General, 6,536/. 19s. Id.; Colonial-office, 6,414/. Is. 3d.; Audit-office, 4,159/. sa. 241.; Tithe Commissioners, 3,934/. 180. 94.; Lords of the Treasury, 3,5541. His. 10d.; Poor-law Commissioners, 3,4401. 9s. Ild.; Home-office, 3,0951. 15s. 4d.; Custom.house, 2,996/. 10a.; Stamps and Taxes, 2,3911. HI.. Rd.; Coancil-office, 1,7061. Ss. Gd.; Registrars of Merchant Seamen, 1,6561. 3s. 48.; Commander-in-Chief 's office, 7611. 4s. 7d.; Exciac-office, 5271. 3s. 3d.; Quarter-Maater-General's epee, 231/. Ils. 9.1.; Board of Trude, 235/. 17s. 7d.; Woods and Forests, 228/. 6s. 6d. Chelsea Hospital, 160. 12s. Sd ; Greenwich Oat-Pension office, 1361. 3s. 4d.; Irish office, 64/. Is. Id.; tier llsjesty the Queen, 601. 13s Ild.; the Lord Chancellor, 331. 12s. Bd. ; Duchy of Cornwall, 25. 2d. COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS.-A numerously-attended meeting of the members of this society was held yesterday, at the FreemasorS Tavern, Henry Stein Turrell, Esq., m the chair. The meeting was convened for the purpose of deciding upon a plan for the relief of members who might from sickness or other causes be in want of assistance, and also for amending the 10th rule of the society. Mr. Parker, the secretary, read the half-yearly report, which, after setting forth the advantages which the College of Pre ceptors was calculated to confer on the members, and society in general, went on to state that their ¢seat object was to afford teacher' the opportunity of obtaining credentials of competency from an impartial board of examiners, whooe diploma would bear the impress of a royal charter. Having acknowledged the efficient support which they re ceived from the public press, and from various influential persons, the report stated that since the 20th of June the number of members had greatly in creased, and during the last month 200 had been added to the list. With respect to the funds their income had hitherto been equal to their expenditure. The balance in band was 501., after cancelling all obligations; and when they bad in hand the subscriptions not yet received, they hoped it would amount to 1001. The report recommended the formation of a mutual assurance and benefit society in connexion with the college, to which subject, previous to the next meeting, the attention of the council would be directed. It finally stated that there were 450 members and sixty-eight honorary secretaries, with local boards in the course of formation. The report was adopted with acclamation. Mr. Freeman proposed, and the Rev. G. H. Stoddart, M.A., seconded, a resolution altering the 10th rule, which, with several other alterations in the rules, was passed. With respect to the classification, it was proposed and agreed to that those masters of schools who joined the society previous to the 20th of June should, upon proper testimonials being presented, have the title of MC P. (Member of the College of Preceptors) ; that those persons who passed the higher examination. 1n classics and mathematics should have the same title as the masters; and that those who passed the lower examination should have the title of A.C.P. (Associate of the College of Preceptors).-The Rev. Dr. Wilson recom mended that school-books should be issued by the society, the profits from the sale of which should be allowed to accumu late for the benefit of the widows and relatives of members. The duties of a schoolmaster, he said, were most important to society, and the schoolmaster should be made a profes sional man of, as well as the divine, the lawyer, or physician. -A vote of thanks having been passed to the chairman, the meeting separated. RHYMNEY IRON COMPANY.-A special general meeting of the proprietors of this company was held yester day at the London Tavern, Bishopsgate-street, for the pur pose of confirming the resolutions and report unanimously adopted at a preceding meeting, held on the 16th instant, (the proceedings of which were reported in this paper of the 17th), in reference to the best mode of raising the necessary sum to pay off the mortgage of 40,0001. to the Globe Insur ance Company, and of 39,4001. on loan notes, for which the company was liable. The minutes and resolutions of the last meeting were read and unanimously confirmed, and the directors were authorised to carry the same into effect. After some conversation Mr. Cole. Child proposed that a requisition be presented to the directors requesting them to convene a special general meeting of the proprietors at the earliest period for the purpose of taking intoconsideration the propriety of repealing the 13th clause of the company's deed of settlement, which provided that dividends only could be declared upon the average returns of five years.-Mr. Child said that this step was necessary, in order to give full effect to that portion of his plan for the relief of the company which had now received the unanimous sanction of the pro previously. SUPPOSED MURDER. A suspicion has arisen that Rosetta Brown, a young female who lived in Totten ham.court-road, an inquest on whom was held on the 23rd ult., when a verdict of " Destroyed herself" was re turned, was murdered, and active measures have been taken by her friends to procure another official investigation of the mysterious business. NUMEROUS ROBBERlES.—Yesterday, information was received by the police that the residence of Mr. Trickey, 49, Gloucester-street, Queen-square, had been plundered of a quantity of wearing apparel, jewellery, cash, &c., amount ing to 701. ; that the car age of Mrs. Flasker, of Hampstead, had been robbed of a jewel-case whilst standing in Berkeley square, containing jewellery valued at 3001. ; that Mr. Aspin , of Tooley-street, Bermondsey, had been deprived of his pocket-book, containing several 101. Bank notes, and a Lon don Dock brandy warrant; and from the warehouses of Mears. Nash and Hicks, Fickle-herring lower wharf, a number of firkins of butter. A WOLF was shot at Peckham yesterday. It was an old animal, and is supposed to have escaped from some travelling menagerie. Near its place of refuge a number of cats' skins were found, as if it bad fed on the tabbies of the neighbourhood EXPLOSION OF GAlL—Yesterday forenoon, shortly before 11 o'clock, an explosion of gas occurred in the private residence of Mr. R. Baxter, No. 43, Cadogan-place, Chelsea, by which a lad nearly lost his life. It appeared t hat the lad took a light into the knife-room, in the fr ont area, which was I filled with gas that bad escaped from the main. tie had no sooner entered the room than the gas exploded with a loud report, knocking him down and burning him severely. The police succeeded in extinguishing the fire without further damage. FIRE AT A TALLOW-CHANDLEEN.—Yestertlay after noon, a fi re broke out in the melting house belonging to Mr. Geo:Muller, tallow chandler, 19, High-street, Whitechapel. Some fat having fallen into the steam-consumer behind the boiler, caught fire, and speedily communicated with the stock in the copr which blazed for a few minutes with great fury. The S i re:engines attended, but the fi re was not extinguished until 1e cwt. of tallow was burned, and the doorframe, and part of the flooring of the melting-house were destroyed. p s i e t ar y,— The chairman (Kr. Wilson), Mr. Alderman I "MONSTER, AWAY !"—A correspondent suggests Thompson, M.P., and other direct:a, at aloe expressed' heir that instead of removing the Monster Statue by machinery, readiness to act upon the requisition` to convene a meeting which must be a very slow proses, it would be very much for the purposes mentioned.—The requisition was at ODes better to blow him up, and let him alight on thespot where he prepared ; and having received the number of signatures re- is enraged to make his next appearance. If this plan of firing quired by the deed of settlement, it was ar:anged that the a horse should be adopted, it will be necessary to conduct meeting should, if possible, be held on this Gay fortnight, experiment the with gun-cotton, as gunpowder , it has Ix en but, at all events, due notice of the day of meetreg should proved, is the last thing in the world to make the Duke be . given to all the shareholders. fly.—Punch. NATIONAL MERCANTILE LIFE ASSURANCE SOClk"nr• ARTISTIC POWER.—A provincial critic, speaking of —The directors, members, and friends of this society, dinezt a popular actress, says that ' when she ran out to meet her together yesterday at the London Tavern, to commemorate lover, she carried the whole of the audience with her." We the establishment of that institution, B. Wileoxon, Esq., in have heard of pieces " embracing the entire company," but the chair, supported by Alderman Sidney, J. Waddington, the idea of an actress running off the stage, and carrying Esq., and a party of nearly 200 gentlemen. The AMU,- with her an entire audience, gives us the image of a lady tamed loyal and patriotic toasts having been duly honoured, with such a pair of armsful! as it is really painful to con the chairman proposed " Prosperity to the National Met- template. We make a gold deal of allowance for the power cantile Life Assurance Society," and congratulated the cam- of genius, but its strength does not usually consist in such pany, as friends and proprietors, on the immense success tours de force as that which is described by our provincial that had attended their institution since its foundation, and critic. This beats the ordinary theatrical feat of " bringing more especially in the last year. They would be surprised the house down," or "eliciting thunders" by electrifying to learn that the society had only become liable for policies the whole audience. We have seen occasionally such filling in to the amount of 6001., while the business done in " beggarly account of empty boxes," that the most fragile the same period was on as extensive a scale m mazy of the female performer might have "carried the entire audience oldest offices in the metropolis. The toast having been re- with her," for it has consisted of a boy and a baby ; but we ceived with general applause, Alderman Sidney proposed the cannot believe a lady, so attractive as our provincial critic's health of the chairman, and passed a warm eulogoim on his description indicates, could possibly have been in such a merits. The chairman briefly returned thanks. The health* desoiate position.—Punch. of the directors and other officers of the company were then RELATIVE PROPORTIONS OF THE AGRICULTURAL given in due course, and the company broke up. AND MANUFACTURING POPULATION.—We quote the fol- A LETTER BEARING THE FOLLOWING CURIOUS lowing from a new edition of Mr. Porter's " Progress of the IsscnirrioN on the envelope passed through the General Nation:"—" We have seen that the proportionate number of Poet-office yesterday morning (Wednesday) :—" This dm persons employed in agriculture in Great Britain has been 33 years, a letter thus directed was stolen at the London continually lessening, a fact which might have been foreseen post-office. It contained three 501. notes, which were ex- by persons acquainted with the improvements that have changed for thirty 5/. notes the same day at the Bank of been introduced into farming operations since the beginning England, and were passed at as many shops in the course of o f th e p r e s ent century, and especially of late years; but it the day. If the thief should see this, and is able, he had could hardly have been foreseen, that while the population better pay the money than die miserably sad l ose his eternal has made such rapid strides as we know it to have made, happiness." The letter was addressed to a party in Drury- the absolute number of the population engaged in agricul lane, and bore the Southampton post-mark. ture should have diminished. This, however, is the fact. In REMOVAL OF PAUPERS.—Yesterday, at the Petty 1831 the number of adult males employed in agriculture in Sessions of Southwark, held for the removal of paupers, a Great Britain wa51,213,057, out of a population of 16,5:19,318; difficulty was, xperienced from the working of the late act ui but in 1841, with our numbers increased to 18,720,394, the Parliament. It was said sot to be clear whether the clause adult males so employed were only 1,207,989, or fewer than in the act, stating that any person residing in the parish at the preceding census by 35,068 persons. from which it is intended to remove him fora term of tire COMMERCIAL VALUE OF EDUCATION.—Mr. Horace Mann, in his fifth annual report on the state of the common schools in Massachusetts, gives sutne interesting statements respecting the influence of education on the earnings of work-people. Among others, it is men tioned by Mr. John Clark, superiuteudent of the Merrimack Mills, at Lowell, that out of 1,229 females in his employ, 40 were in the habit of making their minks to the receipts for their wales. Of these 26 were employed on piece -work, and :heir average wages were found to be 184 per cent. below the general average of those employed in the same departments. Mr. James K. Mills, of Boston, states that in his cotton mill the earnings of 45 men unable to write were 27 per cent. under the average wages of an equal number of the better educated. He expresses his opinion " that the best cotton mill in New England, with such operatives only as the 45 mentioned above who are unable to write their names, would never yield the proprietor a profit. Oa these and some other facts, Mr. Maui remarks as follows:—" These are a fair specimen, and no more than a fair specimen, of a mass of facts which I have obtained from the most authentic sources. They seem to prove in contestably that education is not only a moral renovator, and a multiplier of intellectual power, hut that it is also the most prolific parent of material riches. It has a right, therefore, not only to be included in the grand inventory of a nation's resources, but to be placed at the very head of that inventory. It is not only the most honest and honour able, but the surest means of amassing property. A trespasser or a knave may forcibly or fraudulently appropriate the earnings of others to himself; but education has the prero gative of originating or generating property, more certainly and more rapidly than it was ever accumulated by force or fraud. It has more than the quality of an ordinary mercan tile commodity, from which the property realties but a single profit as it easses through his hands; it rather resembles fixed capital, yielding constant and high revenues. As it enjoys an immunity from common casualties, it incurs no cost for insurance or de:ence. It is above the reach of changes in administration, or in administrational policy ; and it Is free from those fluctuations of trade which agitate the market, and make it so frequent an occurrence, that a merchant who goes to bed a man of wealth at night, rises a pauper in the morning. Possessing these qualities, it has the highest eco nomical value, and although statesmen who assail or defend, who raise up or put down systems of commercial, inanufat • turing, or agricultural policy, have seldom or never deigned to look at education as the grand agent for the development or augmentation of national resources, yet it measures the efficacy of every other means of aggrandisement, and is more powerful in the production and gainful employment of the total wealth of a country, than ail other things mentioned in the books of the political economist." TIIE WEATHER AND TILE PARKS.—Yesterday, the thermometer at the Royal Humane Society's R.e ceiving-house, Hyde-park, stood at thirty degrees, and, although the ice was exceedingly dangerous, many thou sand persons ventured upon it. I. rom an early hour in the forenoon that portion of the Serpentine covered with ice was crowded with skaters and sliders. The eastern end was so dangerous that the Royal Humane Society deemed it ores stry to erect a barrier over the ice, to prevent the skaters from getting into danger. Towards twelve o'clock, how ever, the barrier was thrown down, and two accidents occurred though no lite was lost. INQUESTS YESTERDAY. I)EATTI FROM INTEM PEItAriCE.—By Mr. Baker, at the Royal Pavilion, Can non-street-road, Whitechapel, on the body of Sarah (Jerkin, aged 58 years. The deceased was a widow, and resided at No. 9, Kettlehy - court, Rosemary-lane. On Saturday last she was drinking with several persons, and towards evening she became much intoxicated. While leaving her room the same night she slipped and fell from the landing to the bot tom of the staircase. She complained of her hack and head, and on the following morning she expired. Webb, the con stab'e, said the house was in a most dilapidated condition, and that it was dangerous for any person to stand on the stairs, I'art of the landing had given way, and there MU large hole about two feet long from the door of the room where the deceased lived and the staircase. The Coroner directed Webb to inform the district surveyor. Verdict— " Accidental death."---Also, by Mr. Baker, at the Ship Tavern, St. George's East, on the body of Eliza Dowdall, aged about twelve months. The child's father was at sea, andits mother, with two other children, were invited to • Christmas dinner. Whilst at table deceased snatched a piece of meat and attempted to swallow it, but it stuck in its throat and suffocated it. Verdict "Accidental death." -- Dealit enost EXPOSTRE TO COLD.—By Mr. Carter, in the governor's room of Horsemongerlane l'rison, on the body of Thomas Harrow, aged 19. Deceased was committed on the 21st of December, at the Lambeth Police-court, for stealing a cake of the value of 4s. lid. On his admission into the gaol he was in • very weak condition, and his legs were in a state of mortification from exposure to frost. He was at once taken to the infirmary, where everything possible was done for him, but he died on Sunday morning from the mortification. It was given in evidence that the deceased had ran away from the Epsom union workhouse, as he said, because he had not enough to eat, and he had lain two nights during the frost under a hedge, and wanted tood. Mr. Kean, the governor, stated to the coroner that the de m:aired had broken into his mother's house, a poor woman at Norwood, and stolen all he could carry away, and she de clined to attend the inquest. Verdict—" Natural death, caused by mortification of the legs resulting from cx. posure to cold before his admission Into that prison."— DEATH or AN AGED FEMALE. —By C. Bedford, Eel., an adjourned inquiry, at the Grange, Carey street, Lincoln'e-inn-fields, into the death of Mary Phillips, aged 70. The deceased was a recipient of the Queen's Bounty, and with some little relief from the parish of St. Bride eked out a subsistence. On Tuesday night week, about 8, she was found in Tweezer's alley, a dark court running from Milford-lane, in the Strand, lying with her face on the footpath and her legs up three stone steps. She was taken to King's College Hospital, where she was found to be dead. A post-mortem examina tion showed that death arose from fracture of the base of the skull. Verdict, "That the deceased died from fracture of the base of the skull ; but how such fracture was caused there was not sufficient evidence to show."--..- FATAL ACCIDENT AT A PAPER-MILL. —By W. Payne, Esq., at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, on the body of James Davis, aged 18, employed at Venable.' paper-mills, Woburn, Buckinghamshire. On the 11th of this month, the deceased, while at work in the factory, got his elbow, by some means unexplained, caught by a roller of the machinery and drawn between that am' the cylinder. The flesh of the arm was frightfully lacerated, and the deceased died in the above hospital, to which he had been removed, on Sunday last. Verdict, "Accidental death." DEATH FROM COLD.—By Mr. Carter, at the King's Head, Upper Kenning ton-lane' as to the death of Mrs. Sarah Tow aged 44. The deceased on Saturday went to Leadenhalf-market to pur chase the Sunday's dinner, and on her return home in the afternoon, she complained of being unwell. About three o'clock on the Sunday morning she retched violently, and had great pain in her stomach, which she attributed to being out so long in the cold without food. She continued very ill, and cramp and spasms in the stomach came on. A sur geon was in the house on Sunday to see her son, but the husband stated that although she was so ill she would not see the surgeon, as she should be better in the morning. About six o'clock on Monday morning a noise was heard in her room, and upon the husband and a Miss Bourne going up she was found lying cold and insensible on the floor; her face dreadfully distorted. A surgeon was sent for, but she expired before his arrival.—Miss Bourne, in answer to the Coroner, said she had no doubt her death had been caused by going so long without food when exposed to the cold ; and that if a medical man had been called in she would have been saved.—The coroner and jury observed that it was greatly to be regretted medical aid was not called in without consulting the deceased. Verdict—" Natural death."-- DEATH FROM 131:RNING. — By Mr. Payne, at St. Bartholo mew's Hospital, on the body of Jane Pearson, aged 7 years. Deceased, on Saturday morning, whilst putting some hair into the fire, a cinder fell on to her pinafore, and set her clothes on fire. Her mother went to ker assistance, but, before she extinguished the flames, the child was so much burnt as to cause her death the following day. Verdict— " AocidentalDeath."---ALLEOED DEATH FROM NEGLECT. —By Mr. Payne, in the board-room of the West London Union workhouse, West-street, Smithfield, on the body of James Kiddie, aged 38. The coroner said he had summoned the jury from having received the following letter 28.—Sir, —A funeral being about to take plane to-morrow of a pEdpe3o.arraroactanwthiaweatiparsatatTaha—thtiomanay exec, mfhas the e thr-ainnra is 4 1' lee —firmi t of th Y e r b ;ll iti e es- vi i i:g g o t th h ce at r, he l n truth of my statement.—(Signed) JIS Ica Wiseman. ample evidence to prove the John Winstead, costermonger, of No. 30, Cock-lane, deposed that the deceased had got his, living when he was able by working in the markets ; but latterly had been employed in the parish stone-pad. On Thursday week deceased told him that he was too ill to work ; that he had been la Yr. Miller, the relieving officer, who refused to Five hia Awarder for the doctor or to relieve him with anythatif but sixpence. Witness saw him that aventeg foe the het time ; but heard that on Saturday the deeeaaed was admitted to the work house. Wite.eas knew him to be in the greatest distress— for several weeks be bad lived upon nothinsx but bread and cocoa.—Ann Winstead, wife of the last witness., corro borated his evidence, and stated the deceased had 9d. a day for working in the stone-yard, except on Monday, when, as no work wee done, he had but 6d., and Saturday, Is. 6d. He had made the tame complaint to witness as to her husband. Deceased told her several times that Mr. Miller would be the cause of tie death for refusing to relieve him. He bad hardly any clothes, and no shoes. Mr. Miller said he had acted according to the rules. He had no power to give the deceased an order fur the parish surgeon, because he heed out of the parish, in Peter's-lane ; he therefore told him to go to Gray's-inn-lane. Dr. Lynda said the deceased was admitted on Saturday week, and died on the following Wednesday ; the cause of death being inflammation of the lungs and heart. The body was frightfully emaciated, and it was evident deceased had suffered severely from want of food and clothing. His impoverished itate would render him less likely to recover from such an attack; though he did not die from actual starvation. Verdict, " Died from in flammation of the lungs and heart." IRELAND. DUBLIN, Deeegnsa 29. The country journals published on Monday, of which there aie very few, have not reached to-day, so that we are still unable to ascertain the condition of the provinces. I have heard from a gentleman, who arrived this morning from Cunnaught,that the condition of the people along the coast is beyond the power of language to express. Fared, he says, is last disappearing from the country. Not a vestige of a potato to be any where found, and the farmers, who in that district are all very poor, are all driven to eat their sees corn. Next year, he conceive!, will exhibit a more intense destitu tion than the present along the western shores .f Connaught, for no potatos will be planted, and oat sowing must he on a very limited scale, unless seed he supplied. Fowls and pigs —anything in short of un edible character has vanished, or is vanishing. Oatmeal 2s. 44. a stone, anti on the rise. To add to the fearful alarm of the peasantry, the landlords have issued processes, not by scores, but by hun dreds, for the recovery of arrears of rent. An other report has been issued by the committee of the Repea , Association, supplementary to the former one, for employ ing the labouring classes in Ireland. The report contemplates a surplus income arising from the reclamation of waste lands, which it would apply to the formation and training of a peasant proprietary. But the question of quea tions—the employment of the people—how is this to be satis factorily solved ? The potato failure has put an end to the conacre system, and labour henceforward must ba paid in money. The report assumes 600,000 labourers beyond the demand ; and to support these at 6s. a week, would require an annual sum of nearly nine and a half millions sterling! Making allowance for part payments in grain, such as exists in England, the money payments must still be enormous, with little prospect of an increased income to meet them. Omitting the intricacy of statistics for the pr. sent, the question is, how the 600,000 may be profitably absorbed ? The waste lands, it is estimated, will take 125,000 from the labour-market, The deepening of rivers, 101 , 1C1111q the surfaces of lakes, and works necessary for sur face-draining, 50,000; roads, piers, and harbour improve ments, 30,000 ; railroads, 30,000 ; fisheries, 110,000 ; general improvements of the reproductive class by the landlords, 100,000, or a grand total of 415.000 labourers. One sugges tion, however, is worthy the immediate attention of the go verninrnt. In Ireland more manual labour must be employed on the same quantity of ground than in Eugland. Now, the cost of superintendence is very great, and may be diminished by the execution of work by coutract. A constant demand fir labour might be kept up by imposing heavy penalties on the contractors for non-performance within a reasonable time, as well to guard against the undue reduction of wages from the numbers and necessities of the workmen. The economic distribution of our snick of con els is begin ning to touch the public mind. With the rivalry of several European nations the promised superabundance of the United States falls into a stinted supply. Let us look, then, to what we have, rather than to u oat we may expect. A sensible writer in the Fret,aan computes that according to the present consumption of wheat in flour, a great propor tion of its quantity is lost, without eampensati , g in whole someness and nutrition for its disuse. Ilia illustration runs thus. One barrel of manufactured wheat produces 12j stones of fine flour, 3 of inferior qualities, 4 of bran, the rest being waste. The inferior sorts anti bran being applied to confectionary and cattle. The 12; stones of Hour out of 20 of wheat are only used by the baker. Assuming the daily consumption of the city to be 2,000 sacks of tine `flour, 3,230 barrels of wheat arc required for the manufacture. Now, if whole meal bread were used, 7i stones more would be consumed in the barrel, which would effect a saving of 2,013 barrels of wheat in one day, or a quantity tantamount to seven weeks' supply for the next three months ! The Vice-regal Court is recommended to show a good example, by trying the whole meal. Adopted or disregarded, the plan is practicable, and well deserving of consideration. The General Relief Committee for Ireland meets to-day, for the first time, to receive subscriptions. The names are among the highest in the land, and it is to be hoped the natioual benevolence of both countries will enable them to give full effect to their humane and generous exertions. STATE OF THE COUNTRY. Foon Rtor.—A correspondent of the Cork Emptiest., writing from Tralee, states that :RIO men, in a body, attacked the Iteliel Committee's stores, at Killorglin, on Monday last, and one member of the Ite!iet Committee, the Rev. Mr. De hloleyn, a magistrate, seemed particularly obnoxious to the multitude. Fortunately for that gentleman and for the public peace, the police kept the people at bay until further assistance arrived and dispersed the rioters without doing any serious mischief. LANDLOILDIMM IN CORK.—The Cork Examinrr, received this evening, in the midst of an article against the landlords conceived in a hostile spirit, and speaking of them with great severity. makes the following statemeut of facts, which would seem to justify much of the severity of the remarks of the journalist: "Out of 1,9a0 civil bill processes at the last Macroom sessions, over 1,000 were for rent. There were about fifty ejectment's; and of that number thirty were from —what quarter f—Skibbereen 1" The Examiner adds that in several districts which at enumerates, the landlords have succeeded in causing the tenantry in arrear to accept bills fur the amount. These the landlords lodge in the bank, have the amounts less discount placed to their credit, or, as in some cases, add the discount in the hill with the rent, and thus transfer the process of heal recovery from themselves to the bank. The Earl of Shannon, the Examiner states, employs on his Castlemartyr estate 400 men doily. At Christmas he presented, as a giR, two stones of flour and u piece of beef to each of 600 of his tenants. 7dELTIND OF TRH LANDED PROPRIETOR-40F CORK.—The committee appointed at the preliminary meeting of this hotly, held at Lloyd's on Wednesday last, met on Thursday, when the resolutions adopted at the Longford meeting were approved of. The great county meeting is expected to be held on or about the 4th of January. The Longford resolutions recommend a meeting of the Irish gentry and representatives in Dublin. The Daily News has already published them. MURDER IN CORK. The Cork Examiner of Monday contains the following shocking relation of the murder of a female named Margaret Galway, 21 years of age, and who had been lately widowed, by her brother, Patrick Galway. Both were residents of Cork :—" It appears that on Christ mas Eve Galway had a quarrel with his mother, in which he attempted to beat her, and the daughter interfered to pro tect her from his violence. In a scuffle which ensued, he received a slight scratch upon the face. However, nothing occurred subsequently, until last evening about six o'clock, when he came home tipsy. He sat opposite the fire, and, after a few minutes' silence, turning to his sister, who was near him, he began to reproach her for the scratches which she had inflicted upon him on the occasion of the altercation with his mother. Having got into a rage, he then struck her three blows upon the face. The woman did not resent the attack, and at the solicitation of a young girl, Ellen Humphreys.who was in the room, she got up and at upon a chair away from the fire. lie followed her, how ever, and gave her a severe kick upon the side. Not satis fied with this brutal violence, he next took a short, sharp pointed poker, with which he pierced her right temple. Having lingered until three o'clock this morning, the female died of the wound thus inflicted. Constable Gale, having received information of the occurrence, proceeded in search of the murderer, and arrested him in bed at an uncle's house, in a lane leading off Blarney-lane. Ile is an active, and rather well-looking young man. At the sitting of the Bench to-day, he was brought up in custody, and remanded until the result of the coroner's inquest should be ascer tained. The sensation occasioned by this event has been increased, if possible, by the long interval which has elapsed since the commission in this city of the crime of murder. Coax.—From a communication in a Cork paper, written by a reporter connected with the journal, and having re lation to the district of Castletown Berehaven, I extract the following: A poor man called Timothy Sullivan (Rochterah), the father of four children, made several in effectual appeals for employment." E ach day found his children clamourous for food ; each day he solicited assist ance, and the same result attended his exertions. Hia sorrowful appeal was, however, heard on Tuesday week last, and he was provided with a ticket for employment : but the assistance was rendered too late, poor Sullivan died on Tuesday last, solemnly declaring to the assembled neigh bours that he had not tasted a morsel of food for four days before, and that no drink had entered his lips during that time, with the exception of a drop of cold water. KERRY.—An inquest was held in Tralee on Thursday last, on the body of a weaver, named Connell. It appeared in evidence that the poor man had three children, the youngest four, and the eldest thirteen, whom, with a mother in-law, aged 70, he was endeavouring to support. Sickness seized on all, and for the last few weeks it appeared they continued to live daily on some small quantity of bread. A verdict of " Death from starvation " was returned. WORKHOVIIRB.—DUBLIN NORTH UNION.—The number of paupers in the North Dublin Union Workhouse at the close of the week was 2,352. The children charged on the house were removed yesterday to the late City Marshalace, in order to make room for paupers in the workhouse. Seventy of the latter were admittod to the workhouse on the same day. Matbow UNION.—Nine paupers died in the workhouse of Mallow on Christmas-day. The next rate in that dis trict, owing to the numbers of paupers in the house, wi ll be, it is anticipated, five shillings in the pound on the valuation DISTRESS IN IRELAND. The following are extracts from a letter from J. Crosfleld, a member of the Society of Friends, containing anomalies of the first week of W. Forster's visit to some of thaeljtertred. .- districts in Ireland : - ' • .-- ! ; i 1.,5..., 7. e< ,:,..•44 : „ ... 7. •-• VA,* - A-