The Express. — London, England, 1853-11-28 00:00:00

EUr erantiso. TO I:O;:ItESPONDE2ITS. A Almond 6:itiors of .• :Apra.," coLuumartft th• ev•aioa*. L. pabLatml .very Tuesday sad Inds, UM. poet. 6tiorti.rarsaaln•eis led far "Tag Ewan," Leak* Etiaiwg papa?. moat be at me Us•, la, Uoaverte-atriet, by Two a'...eak as the day a! putedattaa. lIIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tons ths—Vorniog, Ilh. Nim nth/mom Co. 00 . To-st Jan..* —llArousg. Oh. IS. Aternow, (L. 41410. LO.VDOI, MONDAY, NOVE.VBER 28. AT present, notwithstanding several drawbacks, our trade flourishes very remarkably. So much work is now to be done on the Thames that hands cannot he obtained to do it ; so maoY ships crowd the port of Lond,ln the the dock accommodation is wholly Tent ; lighterage u well as Lands are searce; and freights, showing a great want of shipping, are unusuall• high both in England attl the United States. Bit it is supposed and said that our present pro verity 14 not likely to last. thertrading is hinted ut.—a revulsion to be followed by stagnation, by ships lying idle and mills abut up, by heaps of gold crushing the Bank, and money so worthless that no trader will borrow. All tbcse ills are predicted, and men are told to lire more in dread than hope of the future. The great question, therefore, which now solicits the prompt consideration of all those who un. dortake to discuss such questions as our future trade, the probable rate of iriterest, the scarcity or plenty of capital, the future activity and reward of enterprise, is—" what are the probabilities of future production ?" The elements for forming a rational opinion on this very important matter arc ail to be found in the present circumstances, which indicate future prod•rc- Lon. At the same time, as it is obvious that our condition is closely connected with the condition of Australia, California. other parts of the United :Bette, Turkey, Russia. China, &c.., we must include in oar estimate the present and probable future of other countries. The single fact that in the last four years more than twice as much gold as ever was poesessed et one time by the Bank of England has been added to the stock of the world, and been in the main imported iuto England, to be transmitted elsewhere, is sufficient to show how erroneous it would now be to confine our attention to the circum stances of England exclusively. We might as well continue, like some persons, to consider the borrowed —and in le Lition to the general wealth almost beggarly—amount of money in the Bank, as the sole regulator of the commerce of the world. The circumstances which now are unfavourable to the future prospects of trade, are the war in the East, between Russia and Turkey, the revolution in China, the failure in a great part of Europe of the last harvest, the suspension by Strikes and Lock-outs of industry in our cotton manufacturing districts, and perhaps,—though this is not yet certain,—a deficient crop of cotton in the United States. All these circumstances imply a diminution in actual or expected wealth, lessened quantities of goods to be exchanged, curtailed trade, and checked prosperity. We know, however, that the failure of the har vest, and consequent high price of food, is stimulating the utility of agriculturists throughout Europe and America. Although the diminished quantities pro duced this year will undoubtedly lead to a diminution of welfare and of exchange, it promises to be very temporary, not to last longer than the next harvest, and then to be followed by largely increased production and more traffic than ever. The same remarks may be extended to the cotton crop; if it be really deficient the ad vance in price will be sure to stimulate greater pro duction, and the lessened trade in consequence of the lessened crop will be only of short duration. It seems impossible that the Strikes and the Lock-outs in the north should long continue—they are so ruinous to both parties. And though the Strikes have diminished production somewhat in proportion to the diminished quantity of food to be exchanged for clothing, and may have relieved the producers from temporary em barrassment, they cannot hare had much influence on the ultimate demand for cotton, and schen work is renewed the time will ins great measure have to bo made up. The war in one part of the East and the revolution in the other have not hithert o much impeded production and exchange; the future effects we do not pretend to predict, but they are the chief existing circumstances which will impede production and future trade. We may set off against them the pro found peace prevailing elsewhere, the desire to pre serve it, and the almost unexampled exertions and increasing skill of productive industry. The im pediments to be found in existing circumstances to future production, seem unimportant in comparison to the existing stimulus. The two great sources of present prosperity and of the rapid extension of trade are the gold dis coveries and the abolition of commercial restrictions, and both of these, instead of drying up or dimin ishing, are widening every day. The last news we have met with from San Francisco, contained in ' the Alta Caly4ma, dated October 16. says: "All accounts from the country concur in stating that the miners are now meeting with a degree of success beyond that of any former period. ° A similar fact is true of Australia, the last accounts from which show a continuance of the great produc tion of gold, and an increasing attention to the pro duction of wool, hides, tallow, and other commodities. If individuals no longer make such extraordinary sums as at first—though even of great individual swam there are not wanting many recent exam• pies—a very great and increasing number of persons is steadily engaged in procuring gold, and the proba bilities are that for some time the quantities disco vered will be rather increased than diminished. In accordance with this circumstance, increasing ship ments are making to Australia by some of the best houses of the City, freights are rising, and there is a greater probability of the trade thither increasing than diminishing. One great source of our lately enlarged prosperity, the great addition of the pre cious metals, is at least undiminished, if it be not increasing. The other source—the increased activity, and the raiiwey is to branch off from the Trent Valley Line increased production of industry —consequent on the at Nuneaton to Hinckley and Leicester ; and a removal of restriction, is every day enlarging. There 'group of lines are to traverse the moorlands of York is a genera: impatience under restriction ; and we shire, connecting some which already exist, and open have recently had to record 'tetra' examples of their ing up several of the most secluded districts of forced suspension in one place, and their abolition in i that great county. There are no doubt many another. The French Government is following the people in the recesses of the West and North example of our Government, and other Governments Ridings who have never seen the sea. They will will probably proceed in the same career. Our trade .be going to Whitby now, or to Hartlepool. They in coal and iron, and in wine, or some articles to will rise in the world with the opening of new mar pay for increased exports of iron and coal, will be kets, and there will be an influx of new commodities undoubtedly increased in consecacnce of •he new Red new ideas into villages which seemed likely to regulations of the French EweEr.on. Our revenue become fossilised among their hills. Part of the new is fetrishing, and will admit of some further reduc• communication to be opened is to be with Darlieg tions on duties, and further removal of restrictions, in ton ; and when the Yorkshiremen have got to Dar the ensuing session. Our scandalous wine duties, lington, they are to be enabled, by a new line, to step now made by the reduction of duties on coal and iron on to Barnard Castle, where many a scene of beauty in France more than Ever indefensible, may be re- will be within reach. More people will have seen duced; and the one shi:ling duty on corn and the Raby Castle, and the old forest lands of the west timber duties, found to be insufferable in the present of Durham after another generation, than in any condition of trade may be abolished. There can be former century. Then, again, Barnard Castle and no doubt that our Legis:ature %yid 10 the next session Bishop Auckland are to be joined by a line, and con remove sonic more of the restrictions it still unwisely fleeted with a great number of busy places, col :meows on industry, and especially on commercial lieries, great towns, ports. and avenues to Scotland. Industry. I St. CUTHBERT would stare if he could know It is generally supposed that in the United Stange- , of the conspiracy to break up the repose I THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 28, 1853 of the monastic old country, where, in his day, people travelled on foot through the forests and along the silent hill-sides. The movement propa gates itself northwards, to the great centres of trade in Scotland. From and around Glasgow there are to be new lines and various junctions—carrying, as it were, the dash of the sea into the quiet vales— lowland and highland—and the fresh air of the heathery bills into the crowded city. So it is with our manufacturing districts in the north-west of Ragland. It is proposed to extend the Warring ton and Stockport line to Whaley Bridge, on the borders of Cheshire and Derbyshire, where the Peak is close at hand ; and the woodman, the miner, and the weaver will become acquainted. One would like to hear them comparing notes. Wales is busy too about making a line from Carmarthen to Cardigan, and improving Cardigan Harbour, and making a breakwater. Ireland is not left out. The Derry railways are branching out in various directions, to pick up fish, flax, cattle, corn, and vegetables, and bring neighbours together in community of interest and remote people into friendship. Now, could such things be in any country but one which was wealthy and hopeful ? If the money market were disturbed, if war were really dreaded, if existing enterprise had been unsuccessful, could such an array of schemes as this have been set forth ? It is quite another question whether all these lines will answer. We are citing only their proposal; and it is clear that they could not be proposed unless there were resources of capital on the one hand, and a sense of need of like this on the other—both being evidences of substantial prosperity. There must be an industry in all these districts seen to be ready for development; and there mina be means at command, to a greater or less extent, to permit even the formation of such schemes. It is so—and long may it be so—and may causeless disparagement of our resources meet as severe a rebuke from society and the press as unwarrantable encouragement to unsound speculation, such as has often been given when our affairs were in a far less satisfactory con dition than they are now. LATEST FROM ABROAD. where an unwonted revenue is accruing and socamu icing from unnecessary customs duties,—a similar course se be adopted, and that the tariff will there undergo a great reduction. What may be done by the Governments of Germany, Italy, Spain, and othereoun t ries—and, further, done by the French Government— taught by recent sufferings of their own, and by our prosperity, we do not foresee. But it is nearly impos t bible, after suspending restrictions, that they can re ' impose their old systems in all their unmitigated in juriousnese. Whatever they may do, it is certain that the second great source of prosperity— increased production as the result of the abolition of restrictions—will be very much enlarged. These circumstances will far more than counterbalance the impediments we have referred to; and we look for enlarged and undiminished trade and prosperity in 18.51. In relation to the employment of shipping, to the value of money, and to many other interesting questions of daily discussion, the importance of the conclusion cannot be exaggerated. As trade is likely to increase, it is highly satisfac tory to know that it is now in a sound state. It has stood the severe test we referred to this day week, I without a single important failure. The same fact is true of trade in the United States. The bankrupt ! cies there have been of stockjobbers and jobbers in railway securities. " The steadiness," says the New York Shippiv List of the 12th inst., " with which the merchants have sustained themselves during the severe crisis of the past two or three months shows an excellent condition of the business community." The trading part of society, therefore, has now proved itself worthy of the confidence of money-owners; and when it is recollected that the exertions of industry supply all the resources of every State, that the suc cess of the merchant gives stability to the national revenue, it may perhaps be concluded that it is far safer to encourage trade than invest money in Government loans. Ix the matter-of-f Act form of "parliamentary notices" the advertising columns of the Daily trs have lately been giving significant signs of the times. Some people may croak about war, and some may be looking for all manner of incompatible mischiefs from the gold discoveries : but the unde signcd evidence of every newspaper discloses an amount of substantial wealth among us, and of con fidence which gives its value to wealth, that may make us very comfortably easy about our condition under any changes that can happen, short of earth quake and deluge. A writer of City articles here and there amongst our contemporaries may play the conjuror at his desk, and summon awful images of fear and horror, to affright the commercial world; and some wise gentlemen in drawing-rooms may prove to the satisfaction of a circle of listeners that all of them who have capital will lose it, and all who have fixed incomes will be impoverished ; but, at the very moment, new ways are opening for the bene ficial use of money, and employment of industry for the creation of more. What groups of railways are now under propoaal, any one may see any day in the advertising columns of the newspapers; what the operation of those new roads will be, it is extremely pleasant to anticipate, and as reasonable as pleasant. Several columns of advertisements referring to new projects are before our readers to-day. Some of the plans relate to the extension of railways in existence or in course of formation. The mouth of the Thames is to be guarded by something else than Tilbury Fort. Long may the old fort stand to re mind us, and any future foes that we may have, of a certain celebrated field-day, when a certain QUEEN os horseback expressed her reliance on the resources of her people, under rumours of war and disaster : but we are to have the modern defence also of means of transporting troops at the shortest notice to Til bury and Southend, if any foe should dare to show himself at the mouth of the Thames. Next comes a notice which turns our thoughts at once from war to peace—from Tilbury Fort to Sydenham Palace. From that Sydenham centre railways are planned to penetrate the green valleys of Kent on the one hand, and strike through the courts and alleys of Lambeth on the other, and reach the sea to the south ; hint ing to us that the hop-gatherers and the close pent citizens, and the fishermen, who have hitherto lived as if in different worlds, may ere long meet in that magic hall which will exhibit to them the wonders of a wider world than they have ever dreamed of. Glancing along the eastern counties we see some curious arrangements making. Where there were barren sands and salt swamps a century ago, there have long been fine breadths of tillage, inhabited by hundreds of families, called into existence (in the way that men spring from the furrows when an agri cultural CADMUS has been sowing the ground) by the late Earl of LEICEsTER. And now, not many years after that grey head has been laid to rest, here are railways wanted for the traffic of that new district. There is a whole cluster of branch roads advertised for the small towns of Norfolk, near the coast. Pro ceeding round the Wash, we come to places in the Levels where every settlement was once an island, and where the Danes used to wind their way among the Straits, and compel the natives to hide themselves in the marshes. It was a fine achievement when some of our wealth drained those Bedford Levels: and now the Wisbech Branch Railway will bring the latest news of the world to a range of towns and villages which have risen as from the bottom of the sea. Advancing northwards, through fens where the scream of the waterfowl will ere long be silenced by the whistle of the engine, and where the richest crops in England are now to be found—in that Lin colnshire which was once a name for wet sterility, we find more" extensions" wanted, joining Horncastle with the Great Northern Rail. Some people will go to see the agriculture in the Lincolnshire Levels, and others the fine old churches, whose crocketted spires are such remarkable objects in a country of that character. New communications will be established between the culti vators of those Levels and the hosiers and lacemakers of the shires of Leicester, Nottingham and Derby, and ! with the woollen manufacturers of Yorkshire. Lin ' colnshire raises the food which will more and more feed the Leicestershire sheep and cattle which sup ply the wool for the Yorkshire weavers and the Sunday dinners of the hosiers and lace-makers. A CO Court. WINDSOR, Not. 26. The Queen and Prince, with the Royal Children, zee mpanied by the Duke and Duchess of Brabant, at. tended by the Marchioness of Ely, the Count and Countess ensure de Lannoy, Lord Charles Fitzroy, the Hon. Mary Seymour, and Lieutenant• Colonel the Hon. A. Clordim, left Win dsor: at half-past ten o'clock this morning for Osborne. The Marchiouess of Ely has succeeded the Countess of Desert as Lady-in-waiting to her Majesty. The Earl of Aberdeen and Lord and Lady Robert Gros venor left the Castle this morniag for London. OSBORNE, SUNDAY. Her Majesty, Prince Albert, the Duke and Duchess of Brabant, and the whole of the Royal Family, arrived at Osborne yesterday at 2 o'clock. The Duke of Brabant, attended by the Count de Lannoy, left again in the afternoon for Dover and Ostend. A cabinet council was held at the Foreign-office, Downing-street, on Saturday. The ministers pre sent were the Earl of Aberdeen, Lord John Russell, the Lord Chancellor, Earl Granville, the Marquis of Lansdowne, Viscount Palmerston, the Earl of Clarendon, the Duke of Newcastle, Sir James Graham, Sir Charles Wood, the Right Hon. Sidney Herbert, and Sir William Moleaworth. The Council sat three hours and a half. After the breaking•up of the Connell, the Marquis of Lansdowne left town on is visit to Lord Ashburton. at the Grange. The Earl of Aberdeen arrived in town on Saturday morning from a visit to the Queen at Windsor Castle. Despatches were sent from the Colonial•ofce on Saturday to the Governor of Gibraltar. PORTSMOUTH, Nov. 26. Her Majesty, Prince Albert, and the royal family, accompanied by the Dake and Duchess of Brabant, arrived at this port to-day per South Western Railway (from Basingstoke), at 12 44, having made the run down from Basingstoke in little more than an hour. The following officials of the South Western Railway accompanied the train down:.—Mr. Crombie, secretary; Mr. Scott, traffic manager; Yr. Beattie, locomotive department; and Mr. Godson, superintendent. Her Majesty was received by the Commander-in-Chief, Vice-Admiral Sir T. J. Cochrane, K.C.8.; the Lieut.-Governor, Major-General Simpson; Admiral Superintendent Panshawe, C.B. ; Captain Cour tenay, Superintendent of Clarence-yard; Captains the Hon. J. Denman and Crispin, of the Royal Yacht; Mr. Davies, of Clarence-yard ; the Flag-Lieutenants of the Commander-in• Chief and Admiral Superin tendent; Town-Major Maitland and Brigade-Major' Purvis, and a guard of honour famished by the 42nd Highlanders, with the band of that regiment. Having alighted from the royal train, her Majesty immediately proceeded on board the Fairy, steamer, and crowed over to the Isle of Wight, amid the usual salutes from the ships in harbour and at Spithead and the garrison. The shipping was dressed in colours. His Royal Highness the Duke of Brabant received three messages per electric telegraph in the course of the day requiring his immediate return to Brussels on matters of moment. One came direct from Brussels by submarine telegraph, and another was from Dover, informing him that a Belgian steamer had arrived there to convey hint across the Channel. His Royal High ness having accompanied her Majesty across to the Isle of Wight, immediately returned again in the Fairy, and left per special train on the South Western Railway. Her Majesty the Queen has commissioned Mr. M. Angelo Hayes to paint a picture for her (a small one) of the interior of the Great Eshibi-ion. The artist had the com mission direct from her Majesty. The (linen hes bestowed the vacant Garter upon the Earl of Carlisle. The public will learn with peculiar satisfaction that Sir Edward Parry, the veteran voyager of the Arctic Seas, has been appointed DeputyGorernor of Greenwich Hos pital. The Queen has appointed the Rev. John Colvin to the living of Maryhill, and the Rev. Frederick Cruikshank to the living of Letluot and Navar, in the Church of Scotland. The Lord Chancellor has presented the Rev. Charles W. Doherty to the rectory of Pilhatn, in the diocese of Lincoln. Mr. David Mitre, Advocate (1831), is appointed sheriff and commissary of Perthshire, in the room of Mr. James Cranford, whose appointment u Solicitor-General of Scot- land has been already announced. Mr. Robert P►trick Gibson is appointed Commissary Clerk of Renfrewshire. The Rev. Dr. Crawford and Mr. Chubs. &Lillie, ithro eat. (1830) 'reappointed to fill the vacancies at the Bible Bard in kdinburgh. FIRE AT WINDSOR CH URCII.-It in rather It Singu lar coincidence that on the night of the arrival of her Majesty and the court, for their Easter so journ, should have been signalised by a fire at Windsor Castle, and that the night after the departure of our beloved sovereign and the royal family for their autumnal visit to the Isle of Wight, should have been marked by a similar calamity at Windsor Parish Church. It appears that when the church wu built, some thirty years ago, two large stoves were placed in the eastern and western aisles respectively, with brick tunnels to convey the heat around the building. Saturday night was the first time these stoves had been used during the present season, and the first time also that the business of lighting them had been entrusted to the under-sexton, a man named Batt, who had made ton large a fire in each, and the consequence was the ignition of the wood work beneath which the connecting tunnel runs. This was soon put out, and the damage was trifling; but about midnight another and more slsrmingfire broke out near to the second stove, and had Batt and his assistant left the church after the first fire, the edifice must inevitably have been burnt down. As it was, the same assistance was rendered as on the first occasion, with the like successful effect. Considerable damage has been done to the wood work beneatn the open seats, and the accident will proba bly lead to a new and improved method of heating the church, hut the cost of restoration will happily be very tri fling. The church is insured, at its full value, in the Plural: fire-office. THE DANIsII CKowN.—The Weser Gazette states that Prince Vasa has protested against the arrangement made at London with respect to the SUCCeIPiOII to the throne of Denmark. The limperorof Russia, al chief of the house of Oottorp, is stated to have replied that the matter was at as end. DEPARTURE OF TILE AMERICAN MAILS.—On Saturday afternoon, about four o'clock, the British and North American Royal Mail steam ship Niagara, Captain John Leitch, sailed for Boston and Halifax, with the usual omits for the United States and British possessions in North America, 107 passengers, and a large cargo of valuable merchandise on freight. Prior to her departure, copies of the Daily News of Saturday were placed on board by Memos. Willmer and Smith, for the press and newsrooms of the western continent. THE OVERLAND MAIL. ---•--- (BIC 11171111/.IINI AND ZUROPZAN TILIOZAPIO MARSEILLES, So NDAT. The Indian Mail arrived at this port at 3 o'clock yesterday evening. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. (ss =maw AND BUJIMAILINI Tnutonkrx.) CONSTANTINOPLE, Nov. 15. The Austrian and Prussian Ministers de Bruck and de Wildent;ick are — recalled M. de Bruck will resume his post in the Ministry at Vienna. The second Turkish naval division has entered the Black Sea. It awaits Admiral Mushaver's return. A Russian force of about 6,000 men, under Colonel Korzanoff, has been repulsed in five attacks made by them against the fort of Shefkatil, which guards the town of St. Nicolai. A sea attack, which was made against the fort at the same time by the Russians, was also unsuccalbsful. A Russian steamer, with 1,500 troops on baud, stranded at this spot—all the men were made prisoner►. 100 vessels were loading at Odessa. The Exchanges at Constantinople had risen greatly. The Egyptian tribute bad been discounted. TRIESTE, Nov. 26. 10,000 auxiliaries were embarked at Alexandria on the 18th, for Constantinople. PARIS, SUNDAY EVENING. Despatches, worthy of credit, report an important check having been sustained by the Russians in Asia. General Baraguay d'Hilliers arrived at Constanti nople in the Prometheo on the 16th. About 30 prisoners had been brought to Constan tinople, having been taken from the wreck of a Ituesian steamer engaged in transporting troops. The Russians had lost two steamers in the Black Sea besides the Jenikale. BUCHAREST. Nov. 15. The Russians do not believe that the Turks have abandoned their designs upon the Wallachian terri tory. The weather has cleared up, and they may reappear at any moment. All the foreign newspapers hostile to Russia ari iving here by post are kept back by the censor ship, and sent to Prince Gortschakoff. In consequence of the great number of ships of war in the port of Constantinople, the Turkish govern ment has just organised in the arsenal special work_ shops for the repair of steam-engines, which are placed at the disposal of the French and English squadrons. From Odessa letters of the 13th state that General Luders was there with his division, which numbered 10,000 men. Ibrail, Galatz, and Reni were pro tected with blockhouses. Gslatz, in particular, has been transformed into a fortified town. Trade con tinued very brisk, and the cholera had disappeared. It was reported that the Russian fleet, composed of three sail of the line, five first-class frigates, and some steamers, had sailed from Sebastopol. Turkish vessels of war had appeared in the Black Sea. GREECE. ATHENS, Nov. 18. The Chambers have been opened. The Ottoman Porte demands the dismissal of a professor of the University of Athens, who has published a very offensive attack on Turkey and the Sultan in the Eon. The government has disowned the article, but decline to displace the writer. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. Gold to the amount of about 400,0001. was sent away on Saturday morning from the Bank of Eng land, by way of Rotterdam and Hamburgh, for the Russian government, in addition to 80,000 ounces of gold half imperials sent to the same quarter earlier in the week. Some further notice of this transaction, as well as of reports of a Russian expedition across the Danube, and a Russian loan, will be found in our City article. Letters from Belgrade, of the 14th, state that the difficulties with Servia have been overcome. The Turks are about to garrison the Servian frontier, in virtue of the treaty of March 11th, 1815, and to send the 12.000 men whose co-operation has been stipu lated fur, to the army of the Danube. A number of young Wallach. of good family, who have refused to serve against the Sultan, have been sent by Prince Gortschakoff into the interior of Russia, where they will be forced to enlist as pri vates in the Russian army. An 82-gun Turkish ship, just launched at Sinope, has received the name of the Oltenitza, in com memoration of the brilliant victory obtained by the Ottoman troops in Wallachia. The Courrier de Marseilles has the following from Constantinople : " The English Admiral Slade, called Mushaver Pacha (the foreign Pacha), has left to cruise in the Black Sea. He has taken with him the ship of the line the Medjidieb, five frigates, aad a steamer. His object is to drive the Russian cruisers from before Anapa, the only fort of the Caucasus for the space of eighty miles. He is accompanied by Seffer Bey, the Circassian chief who was so long de tained at Adrianople; and he is to supply ammuni tion and arms to the Lesghis, and the Circassian. Numerous Russian and Polish deserters from the army of General Woronzoff have reached the Turkish advanced posts in Asia. 2,000 men have, it is stated, already been collected, but the number is probably exaggerated." The fort Anapa above mentioned is for Russia the most important point on the Black See, enabling her to keep the tribes of the east coast in check. The fort was oonoeded to Russia by treaty at the peace of Adrianople, and has always contained a considerable military force dependent for subsist ence on supplies conveyed by sea. On Friday last M. de Kisseleff declared that there was no truth in the statement of the Patric, that the Emperor of Russia has ordered his armies to cross the Danube. According to M. de Kisseleff the Emperor would wait the result of the pending negotiations. This may be as it may, but it is most unlikely that the Russians will make a serious entrance into Bulgaria until their army in the Principalities has been considerably reinforced. The Patric of Saturday states that all the German jour nals confirm its statement of Prince Gortschakoff hav ing received orders to cross the Danube, but such confirmation is not worth a groat. Besides the statement is not true; only two German journals allude to this news, and they give it as mere rumour. The Patric says the announcement that the European consuls had left Bucharest and Jassy was erroneous. They remain in those towns by virtue of the excquatur from the Ottoman Porte, having no official relations with the de facto authorities esta blished by the Russians, but communicating with their ojlcieusenient when the interests of their coun trymen require their aid. We read in the Breslau Gazette that the authori ties in the Sclavonic provinces of Turkey have received orders to read a firman of the Sultan, in viting the Rayahs to make a declaration of their sentiments. Assemblies have been convoked on the matter. The chiefs of communes and Rayahs have been convoked, and have signed the following document : " The sovereign of the Muscovites demands from our august monarch concessions which his Majesty cannot make under any conditions. Neither the Turks nor the Rayahs can blame his Majesty. Ho nour to God and to the Emperor, in whose states our ancestors have lived, and who has granted to us the kindest protection. Like our fathers, we wish to live and die under his rule, and do not wish to sepa rate ourselves from him. We therefore praise our Emperor, and will remain his Rayahs for ever." The St. Petersburg Journal of the 18th contains a most surprising account of the battle of Oltenitza on the 4th. According to this report the Russians drove the Turks right into the Danube, where Prince Gortschakoff thinks it very likely that many of them were drowned. However, the end of the matter, even according to this authority, was that the Rus sians retired, and the Turks were left in their original position. For the rest the St. Petersburg account is but an amplification of the bulletin previously pub lished by Prince Gortschakoff. The Mot that negotiations for the settlement of the Turkish question are actively proceeding, is placed out of doubt by the advice, we received from Vienna and Paris, u well as from information obtainable nearer home. Letters from Constantinople have been published, in which Reschid Pacha is represented as having in a theatrical manner replied to a new pro position laid before him by Lord Stratford, by send ing Omer Pacha's bulletin from Oltenitza. According to less figurative correspondents, the Ottoman minis ter deliberated with his colleagues, and after replied in his own statesmanlike sensible manner that the project did not appear admissible. But this transac tion is merely episodical. An attache,' of the Ottoman legation has by this time reached Constantinople from Vienna, with a note which will, it is hoped, open the way to direct negotiations between Turkey and Russia. The following appears in the Clihvee Gazette, dated Berlin, the 23rd : Negotiations for terminating the Turco-Russian differ ence have been resumed at Vienna. The plenipotentiaries of the great powers have taken into consideration the new propositions that have been made. The English govern meld, on its part, is labouring seriously for a pacification of the Eastern question on • basis which may satisfy all the great powers. It proposes that article 7of the treaty of Kainardji, as formerly recognised by the Sultan in the harti Merril!' of the Gth June last, shall be surrounded by new guarantees. On the other band, guarantees are to be given to Europe and Turkey against the return of encroach. meats like those just made by Russia. New treaties, dere. loping the spirit of the treaty of London of 1840.1, are to settle the relations between Russia and Turkey. The English government is of opinion that Turkey ought to insist on being freed Irons all the treaties under s'aadow of which Russia endeavour. to meddle in her in ternal affairs. In the second place, it thinks that she should not permit the Black Sea to be any longer a Russia° lake. England and France have there a commerce which in• creases every day, and they have the right to watch over it ; they should, therefore, be able to send, in war as well as in peace, the number of vessels necessary fur the protec tion of their merchant navy. In the third place, it ex press,. the opinion that Russia should not be allowed to establish blockades on paper on the Circassian coast ; and that the navigation of the Danube should be watched over by a commission of the neighbourirg states. If the Ger man payers should not think right to give their consent to a pacification, armed, if necessary, on these bases the Western powers, it is said, in persisting in obtaining will not think it necessary to show the reserve they would otherwise have displayed. It is added, that before long diplomatic negotiations may assume a serious character. The Sleek says :—" We receive from our own sources of information intelligence that orders have' really been given to Omer Paella to pursue the war with energy. A similar order has been sent to the generals of Asia. The Porte has approved of the re trograde movement of Omer Pucha at Oltenitza. This movement has totally disconcerted the calcula tions of the Russian generals. The ambassadors of France and England have declared as their opinion that in the present state of things no proposition of arrangement could be recommended to the Porte with any chance of success. The despatch published in London announcing that the Turks have evacuated Kalafat is unworthy of credit. In a letter dated Pesth, Nov. 19, we read : For the last three days artillery, with the necessary men, has been forwarded to Hungary at the rate of six and thirty guns a day. The direction of the Northern Railroad has received orders not to send off any goods for eight days, as all the luggage waggons will be required to convey military stores to Hun pry. The ninth army corps has received orders to be ready to march. Private letters from Vienna, of the 2lst inst., an nounce positively the appointment of General Baron Budberg to the command in chief of the Danubian Provinces. A letter from Malta of the 21st states that an Eng lish house at Trebizonde had made a contract with the English government for the supply of coal to Admiral Dundaa's squadron in case of its entry into the Black Sea. FRANCE. PARIS, SATURDAY ETT:NINO. The Moniteur contains the expected decree aug menting the number of battalions of riflemen (Chas seurs de Vincennes) in the French army from 10 battalions to 20. Each battalion is to consist of 10 companies instead of S. There will, therefore, in future be 200 companies of this force in the army. The new measure is to be accomplished without any increase of the general effective. The riflemen will be drafted from other regiments, and the depot bat talions of the line and light infantry will he reduced from eight companies to seven. In Marshal St. Arnaud's report preceding the de cree, it is said the only additional expense will be that occasioned by the creation of a staff for twenty new companies, and the minister holds out a pro spect of making up for a part of this expense by economy in other branches of the service. In this report the Minister of War says: "Military men unanimously recognise the important part which this special corps, consisting of picked men, trained for activity and instructed to take aim with precision, are called upon to play in future warfare, whether acting as sharpshooters to cover the general move ments in an engagement (being grouped on a given point in order by a murderous fire to produce effects similar to those of the artillery), or whether em ployed in special missions, sudden attacks in the enemy's country, &c. The solution of this problem, so long sought by all military nations, has undoubt edly been found in the institution of the chasseurs, as is proved by the deep interest excited by this creation throughout Europe, and the numerous imi tations of the force in every European army. Unless, therefore, the augmentation now proposed were made France would remain stationary, and in a state of comparative inferiority to her rivals. The Siecle, whose news from England is, I must observe by the way, often more exclusive than accu rate, says : A letter written directly to us from London by a person in whom we have the greatest confidence, affirms the following fact : The utmost activity:prevails in the Admiralty, War Department, and Foreign-office, with the view of carrying into execution a plan for an armed mediation concerted be• tween France and England, the basis of which is already agreed upon. If this be so, and there is no lack of rumours on both sides of the channel confirmatory of the fact, it is highly desirable that the public should know what this" basis " is. It has been sufficiently demonstrated that an "armed mediation "is apt to be used against the weaker of the two contending parties. Where the right and wrong sides of a quarrel are so plainly distinguishable as in the present instance, it were better not to interfere at all than to intervene with no worthier object than to watch for the easist op portunity of imposing terms of peace upon one or the other belligerent. Such en attitude is calculated to paralyze and irritate Turkey, and to provoke without intimidating Russia—to fan the flame of war under circumstances most prejudicial to the power with which we profess to sympathise; and yet I much fear that the French and English cabinets are not agreed upon any decided and manly course. An impenetrable, and certainly most unnecessary, mys tery shrouds the intentions of the government here, and a great deal too much is said about " acting ac cording to circumstances." There is imminent dan ger that we may find ourselves plunged into a tre mendous war without distinctly knowing what we are fighting for. I observe in a London paper a telegraphic despatch from Vienna, stating the " f us i on " to have been effected upon condition that the Count de Chambord should not marry a second time, and, in the event of his accession to the throne, should abdicate in fa vour of the Count de Paris, on the latter attaining his majority. I believe I may safely affirm that there is no truth whatever in this report. I cannot, of course, pretend to know what may have taken place at the private interview of three-quarters of an hour's duration, between the Count do Chambord and the Duke de Nemours. But inasmuch as the fusion was accomplished with much studied formality, after many conferences, and in the presence of leading members of the Orleanist and legitimist parties, it is hardly likely that the royal cousins should have made any private agreement diametrically at variance with the understanding of their respective friends. Now, I can state positively that so far as the men who are in daily communication with Frohsdorff, and who for years have exerted themselves to bring about the fusion, have any knowledge of the ter tni on which it has at length been made, the Orleans princes Lave rallied to the eld er branch without env condition whatever. 1 have seldom known testimon'y so uniform as that which reaches me on this sull m. The fusion, according to all I hear, consists sirapl y in this, that the Count de Chambord has cordially received as relations the yo unger b ranch of his family upon their renouncing dynastic claims, which he never has recognised, and never will. 'lle legi. timists indignantly repudiate the alleged conditions, and I have heard several of them say that if it were possible to believe that the Count de Chambord had been a party to a compact in contradiction with the whole tenor of his professed principles, they would join the red republicans behind barricades rather than ravk as his partisans, PAM% SUNDAY Eves's. A new fete, instituted by the A rc hbi s h op of Par ,is and called the Fete des Ecoles, was celebrated for the first time to-day, in the church of Saint Gertevit,ve (late the Pantheon). The professed object of this ft . te is to show forth and extol the reconciliation and union of religion and science. The vast edifice was ex. ceedingly full, and the interior presented an interest• ing and imposing spectacle. The Musiteer contains a decree increasing the number of auditors of the 2nd class in the Couacil (,f State from 20 to 60. They are also, as in the time of the first Empire, to be attached to the ministry corresponding with the section of the Council of State to which they I elong. The object appears to be, according to a rt port from M. Fould, the Minister of State, to make the subordinate department of the Council of State a kind of school where young m en destined for the higher branches of the public ser vice may learn bosh the theory and practice of ad ministrative government. Another clause in the de. cree, also borrowed from the Empire, enacts that maitre de relueles and auditors, when appointed to any permanent post out of Paris, may, nevertheless, be considered as employed on an extraordinary mission, and maintain their position in the Council of State in the same way as the councillors now do by virtue of a decree of 1652. The reason stated for this change is that employees in the Council of State always leave it with regret, and feel themselves disgrac.:l by being sent into the country. It is, therefore, thought desirable to stimulate them to the efficient perform ance of their provincial duties by the hope of being rewarded by promotion in the great government Are of Paris. The _Minnow, not for the first time, denies that pvernment intends to re-establish gaming ]causes, and says that " the report, which can only proceed from malevolence, is entirely false." The " little Bourse " on the Boulevard, and in the Passage de l'Opera, was greatly excited last evening by the circulation of a telegraphic despatch, dated London, twenty minutes past three, announcing a fall of per cent. in Consols. The liente was in. mediately quoted 50e. lower in consequence. This morning the London evening papers were anxiously expected. One of them only, the Standard, does quote Consols at a qu irter past two at 951, :, which wou!d be a fall of nearly per cent, from the open ing price of 96, but as none of the others speak of decline of more than a to 1, and the Standard itself gives the 3 o'clock price as 95, it is thought probable that the telegraphic despatch of yesterday was based upon no better authority than a misprint. There is no political news to account for such a serious fluctuation in the English funds, and it seems most improbable that they should have fallen to the extent reported, and then recovered to the opening price within the hour. Under this impression the " little Bourse" was firmer to-day, but owing to a per sistent rumour that the Russians had crossed the Danube, business was still done at quotations con siderably lower than the closing price at the regular Bourse of yesterday. The considerable augmentation of the number of rifle corn panics ((lass( urs de Vincennes) is the nai -1 versal topic, and rightly or wrongly is considered as directly occasioned by the state of the Eastern question. The Egyptus has arrived at Marseilles, having left Constantinople on the 15th. The Bourse was again brilliant yesterday. The Threes rose 40c. ; Credit Mobilier, 15 ; St. Germain Railway, 15; Northern, Rouen, and Lyons, 5 each. Lyons to the Mediterranean declined 7.50. The project of a treaty circulated by the Gazette de Cologne was much talked of, but it was thought that in the present state of affairs Russia would not con sent to any such arrangement as is there shadowed forth. SWITZERLAND. The Grand Council of Neuchatel, in its sitting of November 23, unanimously voted the concession of a railway from Col-des-Roches, near Lock, across the Chanz-de•Fonds and the industrial districts of the Jura to a point above Brienne, where it will join the central Swiss ITALY. ROME, Nor. 20. The accounts which have hitherto reached us of the Turks' first successes against the Russians have been received with eager satisfaction by the court of his Holiness, it being Justly inferred that in the pre sent condition of Europe the Holy See has not much to fear from Mussulman propagandism, whereas the aggressive spirit, both spiritually and temporally, of the Czar, might, in case of extensive victories, prove fatal to the double dominion of the Roman Pontiff, as well as destructive of the independence of other con tinental powers. This is another of the many :in stances in which the temporal interests of Rome have led her to a virtuul if not actual alliance with the infidel. The notorious government satellite, the terror of Trastevere, Gennaraccio, has been condemned by French court-martial to six months'imprisonment for illegal detention of arms, and afterwards to two years' surveillance by the French police. He was conveyed out of court amidst the hisses and execra tions of the populace. His defence tended to show that he was fully authorised as a capo-squadra, or head partisan, to have a sufficient number of arms to equip his band of followers, but it appears that his regular licence from the police authorities to 'that effect was not forthcoming. His unfortunate nephew, who was shot some days ago for stabbing a French soldier, requested an interview with his uncle two hours before his execution, and bitterly reproached him with the result of his instructions, asking him ironically whether he could prevent the court-martial's sentence of death from being carried into effect through his influence with the ecclesias tical government. Three gendarmes stationed at Bracciano, about 20 miles from Rome, were patrolling on the Via Claudia on the loth inst., when they were overtaken bya i violent storm, which obliged them to take shelter a a conical-shaped hut on the borders of the lake. The hut was struck by lightning immediately after, and the gendarmes were all killed. Exchange on London, 484 ltoman Consols, 97 Bank shares, Mi. AMERICA. ARRIVAL OF THE STEAM-SHIP AFRICA. [Di ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.] (FROM OCR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) LIVERPOOL, MONDAY MORNING. Very early this morning, the Royal Mail steam ship Africa, Captain Harrison, arrived in the Mersey with the usual Mails from the United States and British North America. The Africa sailed from New York on the 16th inst., and has brought, besides the mails, about 7.5 passengers, and 500,000 dollars in specie on freight. The United States Mail Steam-ship Baltic, from hence, had arrived at New York on the 1 ith inst. The political news from the States is of an unim portant character. From Havana the latest adviccs arc of an unsatis factory character for the peace of the Island of tuba• A revolutionary movement had been discovered. which had led to the arrest of many persons.