The Express. — London, England, 1853-03-26 00:00:00

ght erfVtlig. TO CORHISOPONDRIIT6. • reeendi Mikaof "The Firma," •bo mate enniatro feep "is pnilielled every Teariar and right. in time ort. kinnumeaselelnlonled tor " The Ea taws." Larks Erwin pew, meg be at the Men It, Boa vorta.street. yp Tme a'alotk is the My of ventilation. NIGH WATIE AT LONDON IMMO'. Tutu DAI--lkestag. EL Ns Afterbci.c. Si. olei. 3s. Na. LONDON, SATURDAY, MARCH 26. Tut: movement for the rise of wages is spreading, and not only among the artisans, but among the rural labourers. The Wiltshire men are banding together, in a very peaceable and rather cheerful way; and they are seeing and hearing so much that it may be doubted whether they will long think the addi tional two shillings a week that they have demanded such a fortune as it seemed to them a few weeks ago. This stir about the hire of labourers is bringing up again the question which observers know that they shall hear asked every few years—how it is that many labourers spend more than they receive? Any see who is on familiar terms with cottagers in rural districts knows that this is a common puzzle to newly arrived curates, and Government Commissioners. Get a labourer to tell you what he earns, and his wife and his boys; and then get the wife to tell you what she buys for the house ; and y ou often find that you can by no means make th e sums agree. When the curate has been settled long enough, he begins to see light ;theta this matter ; and the Com missioner may get some illumination from the magis trates. In moat places where agriculture is pursued, there is either game on the land, or fish in the ponds and rivers; and nothing can convince the hungry lablurer, that birds and fish are not wild animals, tit and ready to be caught by anybody who can get them. There are plenty of people about him to keep him firm in this opinion, and a market open for the sale of what be can lay his hands on. It is a notorious fact, through wide districts of England, that a multitude of labourers help to keep soul and body together by poaching, who could not do it on their weekly wage. The reports of "poaching affrays," and of the murder of a gamekeeper," and a " poacher shot"— those titles of newspaper paragraphs, which might be stereotyped, from the certainty of their being neeied every wiater—are now re-appearing under the heading of " Assize Intelligence." Some people might my that our lamentation might be stereotyped too, it being a matter of course for complaints to be made of the game-laws, year by year, till everybody tired of hearing them. However this may be, there must be more said and heard about the game-laws— yet not only because of the mischief they cause every winter, bet in their relation to the saw rendition and prospects of agriculture. The game-laws are not so bad as they were. Within a few . years there have been great ameliorations. The leeahsang the sale of game was a great step, and the giving up the bares was a grand piece of virtue in the landed wee: ; and the set of the Duke of BED FORD and several ether noblemen and gentlemen. in throwing open their reserves, was powerful in its spend= en the esetnimmt of their own class. The poetise divider travelling has acted both as cause wad Abet is relaxing the anxiety about game re dwing at he... The increasing difficulty and dis credit II gsWmg at home has disposed our gentry to go Sift be Norway sad hunting in Germany, or on the Ameeleanprairise • or at the Cape, or shooting on our ewe lest& moors; and again, the racy Osman of such sports as these, unques tioned amid wesher.ked, has lessened the estimate of sport among &Oak stubble*, where there is the labourer pseplagever the hedge, to take a lesson, or I t r o aL i ti esr the ismisty gaol, corrupting day by day ; or sambeg to complain of damage and loss ; and the keel newspaper on the watch for tales of dieted and disaster. The passion for preserving gams has certainly cooled down a good deal ; and it as to be hoped that such a story as the suicide of Lord fiIItADIMOLI'II two gamekeepers will never again shock the English public. We may further admit the farmer's case is a better one under the ex isting law than many persons—including farmers— are aware of. It is true that the farmer is entitled to all the game that esters his bounds, unless a stipula tion to the contrary is made by the land owner in the lease, or when the letting takes place. It is true that it may be called the farmer's fault if he gaffers from the game while holding such a power in his own hands. It is tree that rabbits and hares do immeasurably more ads chief than pheasants and partridges, and that hares, u well as rabbits, Pre now excepted from the privi leges awarded to game. It is true that many farmers, liking sport themselves, have no objection toe little game upon their land: and that many more will undergo much lose for the vanity, or real hospitable pleasure, of affording sport to their land lord and his friendi All these things are true : bat there are some very grave things that are trite also, 'which must and will be well considered under the sew circumstances of agriculture in England. By the withdrawal of Protection, the farmer is practically desired, and understood to be permitted, to manage his afhirs as well as he can ; to increase his produedea,to economise his raeons,and improve his processes in the manufacture of food, as the manufac turers of other commodities are understood to do. The farmer has ne power to do this under the existing game lawn--walses by a sort of chance. There is still so much competition for farms that candidates give up to the landlord their right over the game, almost as a matter cleanse, where it is desired. The game keeper is pretty sure to encourage rabbits, as they are usually . his perquisite. The loss of time to the farmer toning sad ferretting theta is very great; and, after all, he never rid of them: they eat their way, right and left, through his wheat, laying it waste for a fast it more as each side the farrow. If he comes into his field at sundown, he may often limes meat a more of hares eitti4 ready to start et at the shot which may be Mal to 0n.. 1 If be takes a look at his beet field at tmeriee. he finds half a bsadred pharaohs feeding there. The game keeper laughs at hiss, as terrain gartfag gentlemen laugh at everybody, Ike mpereag that soy number puaaate eat any mama at ears womb mention ing; but asybody who keeps= aviary can limo MOM ides of what a pimesent's appetite is; sad when the birds some oat et the carers by basiseir, to asks Isar or flee mule a day, their maieleimase mute ap to marithhig men Man any preemie bat ow of food would admit to. It is ao miasmal thing for the farmer DI lONE two eras of wheat to the acre by_ gems, and to find the dump amount to more than kismet. He cannot be expected or asked to enders this, now that he is desired to rely upon his own mannes. It is not always earingli to advise him to pluck up spirit, and me his rights, and protect his own in terests. Till the competition for farms is a good duel ndoesd—es it seems likety to be by emigration —farmers wiU not get out of the old habit of sub mission to their landlords; and they must be for tified by further reforms in the game laws before they can avail themselves, with absolute courage and independence, of those which Imes been already ob tained. A farmer who, in • sporting country, does so, is pretty sure to be ;nada a victim, so as to reduce to stibmseesos all who witness his case. They, was one, some time ago, who took • large farm in a sporting county, on reasonable terms appareutly, l but without a lens. His landlord had an objection to leases, as landlords in sporting district+ often have. The talent made precautionary inquiries about the gave. sad was told that it would never be allowed to iueruase to any inconvenient extent, and, if he cou ld prove damage, he should be compensated at the a sad. To week he went, and to work went t gamer fast se be. The pheasants ease to his wheat-Gads with extreme perseverance, first feeding ups. the used, then picking off the green wheat, mad finally feasting on the grain. The harm and rabbits pawed his turnips, destroyed his tares, made lanes through his corn, and laid his fields as bare as • table for a certain distance from hie land lord's coven. He complained, was told that he exag gerated inormseliy, and obtained a mere pittance of compematim, granted with • bad grace. He thought he had rather obviate the damage next birds than have to claim comp ensat i on f or i t . Th e birds he submitted tn. No measures would avail against them; but the hares and rabbits were the mat 'mischievous. He inserted a little wire netting, two or three feet high, in the fences of his wheat fields. It was no trifling expense, but it answered well, for his crops were magnificent. But be received notice to quit—his landlord observing on the benefit to himself of a yearly holding, when he had to deal with a pragmatical fellow like tide tenant. Now, whether such cases are many on few, is a matter of secondary commis. We must have none such. Without attending haw to the question of lessee, which is a very lqrge ono, we may say that the game question, as one of contrariety of interest ' between owner and tenant, must be looked to, and that speedily, if there is to be any justice to agricul ture. The farmer sees his chances of a living im paired, his property invaded, his toil and care thrown away, his labourers corrupted, and the gaols which he helps to support filled with men and boys who ought to be earning as wages to his advantage what he pays away unproductively as rates; and the man who has all this to bear may well complain of hard measure. Let him urge his complaint fearlessly and perseveringly, and get his class to join him in it, and society wilt help him, and stand by him till he has obtained relief. FRANCE. PARIS, PMDAY EV/MINO. The Patrie last night announced that intelligence from Constantinople up to March 10th stated that the political situation "continued to improve." The Constitution:act this morning professes to give a sum mary of the news received, which it mixes up with intelligence from St. Petersburg It is evident, how ever, from the exceedingly meagre statement of the semi-official journal, that no news of any importance can have been received, otherwise an article obviously written for the purpose of tranquillising the Bourse would not confine itself to the assertion that the " diffi culties in the East were leas serious and less impor tant" than had been imagined, and that there were "serious grounds for hope " that these difficulties would not surpass the limits of diplomatic negotia tion. The text of the government explanation of the present state of the question is as follows: Intelligence was received yesterday is Paris from St. Petersburg, and letters arrived from Constantinople of the 10th, being the day after Prince Mensehikoff had his first audience I. f the Sultan. These various sources of informa tion confirm our anticipations. The difficulties which may exist in the East are less grave and lea extensive than was at first asserted. According to what is written at the same time from Constantinople and from St. Petersburg, hopes may be seriously entertained that these difficulties will not go beyond the circle of diplomatic negxiations, and that they will soon receive a pacific solution. M. de La tour leaves Marseilles this day. Lord Stratford de Bedell& has left Vienna for Constantinople, and the internuneio of Austria is about to return to his post, so that the negociators will find themselves assembled at Constantinople, furnished with recent instructions. As to the resolution come to, accord ing to some of the English journals, by the cabinet of St. James's, to keep the Mediterranean squadron temporarily in the port of Malta, it could have in present circumstances only • secondary importance. Were the integrity of the Ottoman empire menaced, England, which is a contracting party to the treaties of 180, would certainly be the first to defend them. But if, as it appears, the matter relates merely to the question of the Holy Places, it is natural that the English government should not see in that matter either a sufficiently direct interest, or a difficulty sufficiently grave, to call for the displacement of her squadron in the Levant, which, in the position which it occupies at Malta, is already suffi ciently near the theatre of the negotiations. In addition, ' the Marseilles journals, which we received last evening, an nounce, under the date of the 22nd, that the Caradoe was still waiting in that port for orders from the British govern ment. It may, consequently, be concluded that whatever may be the decision of the cabinet of St. James's, it has not yet been forwarded to Admiral Dundee. At all tweets, it is this day, Good-Friday, that the Egyptus is expected at Marseilles. That vessel was to leave Constantinople on the 15th, so that we must soon receive such information con ' corning the affairs of the East as will allow the real state of things to be exactly judged of. i ' It s stated by the Independanee Beige that Prince Mentschikoff had an audience of the Sultan ou the 9th, but that he did not then propose his siiiinsallan,' and that he was to do so the next day. The news referred to by the Conalitutionnel, therefore, evidently I does not comprise the result of the second interview. 'The latest intelligence known in Paris is contained in the following telegraphic despatch, by way of Trieste, dated Constantinople, March 14: Prince Mentschikoff is still here. The new minister, Rifest Paths. successor of Fuad Effendi, appears to be favourable to Russia. This is no news at all. From the very first it has been understood that Filed Effendi retired under the influence of Russian intimidation, and that his suc cessor was not the free choice of the Sultan. It is plain since the Sultan sent for the English fleet to protect him, that if Meat Pacha be favourable to Russia, the sovereign and his minister cannot enter tain the same views. If the hopes generally entertained here as well min England of a peaceable solution of the difficultly are based merely upon the expectation that before either the French or English fleets can have arrived at the Dardanelles the Porte may have con• seated to all the demands of Prince Mentschikoff, it is to be feared that Nicholas, presuming upon the general desire for peace, will be allowed to gain an important step toward s the ultimate object of his ambition, the destruction of the Ottoman empire. The Semaphore of Marseilles, of the 22nd says: The departure of the Levant packet the Lougsor, has been postponed until the arrival of the Paris courier with de spatches from our Margie' &affairs, at Constantinople." Despatches from Vienna state that Lord Stratford de ltedcliffe, British Ambassador to the Sublime Porte, passed through Vienna on his way to Constan tinople, on the 24th. The Opposition in the Danish Chambers sustained a defeat at the opening. The two Chambers decided to make the question of the order of the succession their first butlers, and accordingly on the 17th the Premier declared it to be the policy of Denmark defi nitively to abandon the claim to the border, of the Bider. The minority represents the principle of the integrity of the monarchy, and of the exclusion of the female bee from the throne, as inscribed in the Lon don Convention. The prisons of Vienna have been found insufficient for the number of prisoners, and barracks and ware homes are being used as auxiliaries. The number of political prisoners at Pooh is 800; at Comm, 1,800: and at Arad, 1,800. The funds to-day have been rather active. The Three per Cents. have rims 25a for the account, and 36a for cash; the Four-and-a-Half per Cents. rose 36e. for the account, but declined 20c. for cash, as compared with the prices of yesterday. The following are the latest quotations received to-day from other continental bourses by telegraph: Berlin : Loan Three-and-a-Half per Cent., 93; ditto Four-and-a-Half per Cent., 103; Four per Cent, 991; Bank, 108 k. Antwerp: Loan Two-and-a-Half per Cent. 1844, 68; Four-and-a-Half per Cent., 1844, 981 ; Austrian MetalL, 841; Spanish Three per Cent. Interior, 431. Frankfort : Loan Three per Cent., 621; ditto Four-and-a-Half par Cent, 77; ditto Five per Cent Aust, 98; Spanish Three per Cent, 43; ; Bank, 1,627 ; Be lgium Four-and-a-Half per Cent. 991. Brussels: Loan Four per Cent, 1836, 94; ditto Four and-a-Half 1844, 981 ; ditto Four and-Half Con., 1832,98; ; ditto Five per Cent., 1832, 100;; Austrian Metall. 86; Bank National, 1,720; ditto Belgium, 901. PARIS, THIMIDAY EVINING. We are still without any fresh intelligence of a po sitive character regarding the Eastern question, and while the rumours of yesterday are for the most p u t contradicted, no new ones worth noticing have arisen to supply their place. The important statement con , taineu in the Union of yesterday, and in a London journal received to-day, that the Turkish embassy here had received intelligence, by way of Belgrade, of the acceptance of Pnnee Mont sclultoff's ultimatum by the Porte, turns out to be wholly untrue. I mentioned last night the positive contradiction given by the press to this pretended news, and I find that the Maws of tilts morning, so far from re-affirming its truth, alludes to it only as a thing that was " said yesterday." The London papers bring no confirmation of the as sertion that Admiral Modes had been ordered not to leave Malta ; and it is, on the contrary, inferred front the fact of ships having been suddenly sent from England to the Mediterranean, that the English government does not refuse to listen to the Sultan's appeal. It is quite certain that the French fleet has left Toulon, and that no orders have been given for its man. The Pays indeed, using an argument wholly inconsistent with the statement of M. Granier de Cassagnac, that the movement of the French fleet was a mere consequence of Admiral Dundee having left Malta for the Archipelago, now says: " Malta is quite close to Turkey, and if any danger should arise tht fleet stationed there could be at the Dardanelles as soon as the Russian fleet could reach the entrance of the Bosphorus from Sebastopol.' This is absurd; Mita is twice as far from the Bosphorus. The Pays THE EXPRX4B, SATURDAY EVENING, MARCH 26, 1853. continues: "It is not the same as regards France. Toulon is very far from the Archipelago and the Black Sea, and it is natural that our government, by sending its squadron into the waters of Greece, thonld wish to Owe itself on eqial teems with &g -land," This reasoning, you will observe, is based ppon (he assumption that the English fleet is not to move at all, and yet the French, set in motion so corflingtp the hypothesis, only by the fact of Ad ' mist' lundai having nailed for the Archipelago, is notwithstanding to obey the original impulsion. The Pays also contradicts the Constitutionnet in another important point. The latter government journal said yesterday that Frazee was quite disinterested io the question, because she had got all she wanted regarding the holy places. The Pays now pretends that if the holy places alone be in question, it can quite follow the reasoning of the Times, that Englend has nothing to do with the Emotion, " which regards only Russia and France." These inconsistencies and mystification. of the government journals are very unsatisfactory, and unless the English government be really noting in concert with the French, the pro ceeding. of the latter power require to be most nar rowly watched. The indifference professed by M. Granier de Cas aquae is clearly put on for a purpose. A very strong feeling exists in France on the subject of the holy places, and it may be taken for granted that Louis Napoleon will not encounter the unpopularity of the church party, by giving way to Russia a single point upon that subject, unless he gets a quid pro quo. Some people think that the son of Prince Mentschikoff, who is et this moment in Paris, is n secret envoy to the Tuileriem. The feeling produced in a large and important section of the public mind by Granier de Cassagnac's article may be welljudged of by the following reply to it in the Union : " Everything is reduced," sav the far-seeing, "to the question of Russia having the protectorate of the Greeks." That is something also—something even of great gravity, in our opinion, and which merits being examined by itself and in the point of view of French interests. That protecto rate embarrasses the most practised pens, even that of M. Grimier de Cassagnac, fur instance, in yesterday's Coma tutionnel. And first of all, who would believe it, if the word was not to be found at least fifty times in two co lumns ? The Constinnionnm declares that the Emperor of Russia claims the Protectorate of the Greek catholic—ca. tholics who form one-half of the subjects of the Sultan. The blunder is rather • gross one. M. de Cassagnae must, however, be aware that the immense majorit of the Greeks is composed of schismatics separated from Rome, and detached from the centre of unity and of catholicity. We are really ashamed to correct such a want of memory. It is true that the consequences of this protectorate, very perfectly appreciated by the writer, are of a nature to somewhat trouble him. "'lbis protec torate, in fact, would give to Russia," says M. Campine, •. a direct suihority in all the towns and villages of Euro peen and Asiatic Turkey, and would ensure to the Em peror of Russia in the Sultan's dominions more subjects than the Sultan would have himself." Certainly the guts. tion is one of importance, and what remedy does the minis terial journal find for the difficulty? "In principle," it says, " itawould be difficult to deny to Russia the right to protect the Greek catholic, living amongst the Mussulman populations." No one at St. Petersburg could reason better. Well, then, how is this grave enterprise to be vie. jured away ? The day before the Pays trusted the wh le matter to the " exquisite education " of the Russian diplo matists. The Constitutimiriet has a less solid guarantee. " These pretensions," it says, "go far beyond what com mon sense and justice authorise; aid supposing that they form the bases of the claims of Russia, their very exaggeration would suffice to deprive them of their weight and of their douger." Thus, it is quite sufficient for pre tensions to be carried to eaten to be quite free from peril! Such logic is really too much for us, snd such a mode of arranging the matter skews an extent of resignation which is altogether beyond our reach. And the more so that, according to the Consiiiiiiitsnel, France is here completely " disinterested ;" disinterested is the word used, and what is more she is "satisfied." What! catholic France has DP interest in beholding Russia assume the most immediate influence over one-half of the subjects of the Ottoman em pire! Catholic France is satisfied •in the question of the Holy Places, satisfied when the Porte refuses her the execution of the t yof 1740, which the COS abhstionnel must be supposed to know something about, since it speaks of it; satisfied, when after having obtained semis reparations of a secondary kind, she beholds her rivals, the Greeks, the body protected by Russia, forcing from the bad faith and weak ness of the Divan acts which annul these reparations, violat ing the promises made, and insulting hi r interests and her rights? Satisfied, when her ambassador continues to renew the most solemn protests! A most singular satisfaction, truly ! And there is no need to be hard to be pleased to be satisfied with it. But, in fact, the optimism of the Con ititsitiorusel is most accommodating. " France," it says, " is one of the European powers which finds itself by its posi tion and its immediate interests the least engaged in the general discussions of Europe with the Ottoman Empire. Russia and Austria are on her confines. . . . Eng land is separated from her in Asia only by a pro vince. . . . France has not the same reasons es she would have, for instance, for intervening in the affairs of Belgium, Spain, or Piedmont." We declared it plainly—this shortsighted policy, which appears touched only by interests of boundaries, and which di.penses with taking into consideration even the Mediterranean, is worthy neither of our traditions nor of our honour, nor of our rank in the world. Let us, therefore, simply attribute these weaknesses of the Curistittaionnel to the inevitable obscureness of what is called the Eastern Question, and let us tame to our conclusion. If front all this noise and these movements of di;lematists and of squadrons, nothing is to result but the regulation of the affair of the Holy Plane, that does not certainly constitute a disruption of the ba lance of power in Europe ; but it is sill one of the most delicate points for France, because it affects her ancient preponderance, her rights hande l down from ages, and her title of catholic nation par excellence. And these great ditties remain for her to perform. The Consiitutionna announces that the French Ambassador, M. Lacour, will leave Marseilles to-mor row. But I learn from another source that he will remain at Marseilles till the 28th. The next packet from Constantinople is expected on the 26th. The Prefect of the Bouche-du-Ithane will then telegraph the substance of the news brought by her, M. final instructions will be sent from Paris to M. lAcour who will embark in the Eclaireur. Bills are in preparation for grantia , by wagif national recompense, to the widow of al i not • pension for her life of 12,000 L ppeer annum, and a similar annuity to the widow of scel mans. The Pokey Easter prize cattle show took place yesterday, in presence of the Minister of the lute nor, a number of high functionaries, members of the great bodies of the state, and a great number of rb enders , landed proprietors, and butchers. M. Albert Oandry, attached to the Museum of Natural History,. has just been charged with a scientific mission in the Island of Cyprus and on the coasts of the Levant, the natural history and geology of which he is to study. A letter sent to the Minister of Marine by the ma ritime prefect of Brest states that a piece of timber, about four feet long, and five inches wide, with the word Jemina painted on it in white letters, has been washed ashore on the Isle Ouessant; that a boat has been found floating about at sea four leagues from the Isle Mol4ne, witk the words Dorothea, London, painted on it; and lastly, that near the island of Belamree, there has been found a fir...plank about seven feet long by one foot wide, bearing in gilt letters the words Chas. Saunders. The Minister of the Interior, to facilitate the transmission of French articles to the Universal Ex hibition of Dublin, has adopted the following regula tions, in concert with the Customs' Administration and M. Sallandrouze de Lamornaix, President of the Aiwa Jury, who is charged by the Irish Commis sion to decide on the articles which are to be trans ' gareed from Havre to Dublin and back free of Aerie t—let. Each exhibitor shall send to M. Sal. leadrouse de Lamornaix, Boulevard Poissonniere, N 0.23, Paris, before April 6, a declaration containing —let, his name and residence; 2ndly, the nature and value of the goods sent, their weight, number, volume, and dimensions ; and 3rdly, the marks, maw bees, and weight of the various packages. 2ndly. In exchange for that declaration, two certificates shall be given mentioning what it contains, and rise-ed by M. tiallandrouze de Lamornaix. 3rdly. These certi ficates, signed by the exhibitors, shall be sent with the goods to Havre, the sole ltort of embarkation, and shall serve in the stead of every declaration at the Custom-house. One of them shall be kept by the and - shall ar.-- Custom-house officers, the other alma pany the packages to Dublin, where it shall serve as a declaration of the nature of the contents, and if necessary, as a certificate of origin. 4thly. With re wect to the articles which are to return to France after the Exhibition, the Dublin Custom-house offi cers will mark them on the seine certificate, which shall be vise-ed without charge by the French Con. sal, and the presentation of that voucher will be suf ficient to prove the nationality of the objects, which are to be admitted exempt of all duty, and without any other formality. As to goods having a right to drawback, it is indispensable for them to be sub jected, for their verification, to all the usual forma lities of the Custom-house ser vice; and they must, in addition, be accompanied by a certificate like the other descriptions of goods. However, although the drawback is due only to goods definitively ex- ported, it will be paid in the usual way, with the right of reimbursement in case the goods are brought beak. SPAIN. The Clamber of Deputies was definitively eon- I stituted on the 18th. The ministerial candidates for the vies-presidencies were rejected, and MM. Feijao, Augustin Esteban Collantes, the Duke d'Albe, and Ed. San Roman were chosen. The Pre sident and the deputies then took the usual oath, and the president afterwArds &dared the Chamber to be duly constituted, and delivered &speech, thanking the members for his electioe, and protesting his de votedness to the throne and to the national institu tions. According to a statement in the Gazette, the amount of the floating debt, which on the Ist of Fe bruary was only 269,697,145 reals (67,424,287 fr.), had risen on the let inst. to 296,473,166 reale. In the sitting of the senate on the 18th, the discussion on the report of the committee on the question of Marshal Narvaez was commenced. General Sanz said that there was great analogy between the situ ation of the Duke de Valencia and that of Generals Serrano and Pavia some years ago, when the Senate either directly or indirectly approved of the conduct of the government with regard to these offi cers. M. Arrazola, who replied to General Sanz in the name of the majority of the committee, spoke of the independence of the public powers, and of the re gulating power of the Senate in cases of conflict be tween them. The Senate, he said, had the same origin as the government, and had a character of stability and permanence which was wanting to a I ministry. He brought forward as a precedent the bill presented by M. Pacheco, when President of the Council of Ministers, which put in harmony the power which the government enjoyed of disposing of military senators with the privilege of senators, and the independence of that body. The discussion was then adjourned to the 21st. SWITZERLAND. In the sitting of the Federal Council, on the 21st, the Austrian note was again discussed, but no reso lution was taken. The Federal Council has received from the government of Ticino a report on the un happy destiny of a Ticinese named Taddei, who was hanged after the &mite at Milan. This report has produced a most painful impression, as Taddei was not hanged for taking part in the revolt, but in con sequence of a combination of circumstances which misled his judges. He was commissionaire in a lailerie where arms were found. The proprie tor of the es•ablishtnent is now in prison. The returned Ticinese protest the innocence of the latter, and the cantonal government prays the Fede re) Council to intervene on his behalf. The Bund affirms that the --- Swlas ".. government has received from the Finance department of Lombardy a notification that it has been authorised to permit the export of salt. Orders have therefore been given by the Swiss government to bring away the salt which had already been paid for, but which the Austrians had retained. ITALY. ROMAN STATES. An Austrian court-martial sitting at Ferrara, has condemned 10 persons to death, one to travaux forth for fifteen years, and a twelfth to two years' imprisonment. The first eleven were charged with belonging to a revolutionary society, and the twelfth with having circulated seditious prints. Itadetsky commuted the sentence of some of the prisoners, but three have been shot for want of a hangman. Their names are :—Succi Giacomo, of Ferrara, aged 48, a landed proprietor; Malagutti Dominic°, of Saletta, near Ferrara, aged 26, unmarried, physician ; and Parmeggiani Luigi, of Ferrara, aged 46, father of two children, innkeeper. AUSTRIAN ITALY. The Patria of Turin of the 20th publishes a cir cular, dated Milan, the 12th, and signed by Count Straw°ldo, but which has not yet appeared in the Milan Gazette. In this circular the Imperial Lieu tenant of Lombardy instructs the authorities to whom it is addressed to examine all contracts of sale, mort gage, or any other disposal of lands or property, which may have been made by refugees as far back as 1847; the Imperial Government having strong reasons to suspect that many refugees, whose pro perty would be now under sequestration, have had the foresight to attempt to save their property from such a measure at that period, by signing ficti tious agreements, purporting to transfer their leatates under various shapes to other hands. In such cases, the circular says, and on the slightest suspicion of such agreements being fictitious, the said authorities must consider them as null and void, and sequestrate the property described therein in the name of the state. If neces sary, such stringent inquiries are to be extended even to contracts previous to 1847. No question or dis pute as to the validity of an old agreement is to be submitted to the Fiscal-office, because all doubts of the kind, the circular says, are to be decided by the respective supreme authority of the province, " there being no need of consulting the Fiscal-office in mat. ters expressly withdrawn from the jurisdiction of the judicial authorities." The Milan Gazette, of the 17th, publishes a sen tence pronounced by the court-martin of that city, condemning three persons to death for having taken a part in the movement of Feb. 6. It adds that the sentence has been executed apon them. RUSSIA. The Augsburg Gazette publishes a letter from Eit. Petersburg, giving more precise details relative to the discovery of the embezzlement of the funds of the invalids in that capital : In declaring that the general officers end the aidse-de camp, who have undergone ensmination, are perfectly in nocent, these initials chew how the director-in-chief of Mese Lunde, Councillor de Politkowski, succeeded in committing embeszletseata for fifteen years without discovery. Polk kovreki kept up a large establishment. He received at his belle and parties men belonging to all the higher ranks of society. The generals, those even who had to control the accounts of Politkowski, appeared some times at the fan which he gave. His extraordinary ex penses were attributed to the sums he wen at pie,. At every revision of the accounts Politkewski managed so that the general officers should perform their task after rising from the dinner table, and the affair was got through with out any difficulty, and Politkowski every year received a regular reosipt. The deficit is his accounts insensibly rose to more than one million of silver roubles. It then became impossible for Politkowski to conceal his conduct any longer, and he died soddenly, but without any one knowing of what complaint. A more attentive examination of the as !nought the embezzlement, and, at the same time, the negligence of the generals who acted as controllers, to light. This discovery produced such an impression on the Emperor that it affected his health. THE UNITED STATES. ARRIVAL OF THE HUMBOLDT. The following items of news are extracted from the New York papers received by this ship : The steam-slup Isabel, Captain Rollins, from Ha vannah and Key West, Bth instant, has arrived at this port. The following is an extract from a letter from T. M. Rodney, United States Vice-Consul at Matanzas, dated 6th instant : We changed the residence of our esteemed Tice-President on Tuesday last, from the Cumbri to the sugar estate of Col. Jan. Chartraud, leaving the Cumbri at half•past twelve. and dining at the delightful Ariadne at about tour. The Vice-President was considerably fatigued with the journey, but slept that night better. Retold me that since be hail been on the island he felt delighted with the change, and is more hopeful ant of better heart than slate he reached Matanzas, and at present unquestionably better then when he came here. Do not be surprised if the Co lonel sends him home a tolerably well man. I'rivate letters dated Havannab, March ith, say that up to the present it is not known what will be the fate of the political prisoners, as the government is either undecided, or desirous to keep its intentions a profound secret up to the last. Much anxiety is felt by the Cubans, and the worst is feared. At Matanzas the crop of sugar was good. All the molasses fur March had been purchased by Eastern into. Ilavannah was quiet when the Isabel left. The Virginia legislature visited the caloric ship Ericsson yesterday, at Acquia creek, sixty miles be low Washington, pursuant to invitation. A hand some collation was provided them, and Captain Ericsson explained the principle and working . of the engines. There was speech making and toasting, in which Captains Ericsson and Lowbar, and Mr. Xitching, were enthusiastically remembered. They acknowledged tho compliment in suitable terms. The Lieutenant-Governor of Virginia, Hon. Mr. Strother, and State Senator Campbell made short speeches, expressing- admiration and confidence in the great discovery. Ambrose W. Thompson, who formerly proposed a line of steamships between Nor folk and Antwerp, made a speech, in which he con sidered the success of caloric beyond a doubt. He also stated incidentally, that, since Virginia had shown a disposition to complete tho great lines of railway connecting with the Memphis-road, foreign capitalists had offered, through him, the means for that purpose. Virginia, through her legislature, has invited Captains Ericsson and Lowber to become the especial guests of the state, to which they have assented. A tornado visited the vicinity of Clarksville, Ten nessee, on Sunday night, levelling dwellings, stables, barns, and trees, to the ground, but, as far as heard from, no lives were boat. The track of the storm was half a mile wide, and so terrific was it that the roads were filled with fallen timber. All doubts concerning the cabinet have been put to rest by the Senate's confirmation of the appoint ments. We repent the list :—Secretary of State, William L. Marcy, of N. Y.; Secretary of the Trea sury, James Guthrie, Ky. ; Secretary of the Interior, Robert Mc Clelland, Mich. ; Secretary at War, Jef ferson Davis, Miss.; Secretary of the Navy, James C. Dobbin, N.C. ; Postmaster General, James Camp bell, Penn.; Attorney-General, Caleb Cushing, Mass. The St. Louis Intelligeneer publishes a letter from an overland emigrant to California, which gives a fearful account of a tremendous snowstorm in the mountains near Carson valley. On what is called the Second Summit, the writer says he caught hold of the tops of pine trees, and was confident they were one hundred feet in height. A comet was discovered at Harvard Observatory, last evening, by C. W. Tuttle. It is situated about five degrees south of the bright star Rigel. On the Bth of March. about half the hands in the employ of the Lowell Machine Shop Company struck for the ten hour rule of labour, and marched in pro cession, to the number of two or three hundred, through the city. The more northerly ice bound channels of naviga lion have already been broken up. Winter's crystal fetters are dissolving under the influence of the re cent warm and moist weather, and it will not be long ere the packets upon our state canals will be found regularly performing their vocation. By a despatch from Cleveland we are informed that the Lake Erie steamers have resumed their trips between that place and Toledo and Detroit. These circumstances ac count for the great number of strange, but exceed ingly busy, personages to be met in every thorough fare. They belong to the numerous class of traders from the interior of the country, who have thus early made their appearance among us for the purpose of selecting their spring and summer supplies of goods, being now quite sure that their purchases can be speedily transported to their destination, without fear of detention by winter's icy grasp. One striking feature observable among these temporary sojourners is the fact that, instead of spending many hours in a fruitless search over half the city for such articles as they may require, they now turn to those indis pensable sources of information, the tinily newspa papers, almost momentarily ascerLin where the necessaries may be obtained, and thus save time, money, fatigue, and vexation of spirit. Advices from Tainpico to the 26th ult. announce that the citizens and soldiers at that place had de clared in favour of the return of Santa Anna. According to the last accounts from Mexico, Gene ral Caravajal had abandoned his followers. The movements of this extraordinary adventurer within the last few years would form a most curious and entertaining chapter in Mexican history. It certainly appears as _though there is to be no end to the discoveries of gold on this continent. A despatch from Louisville announces that the inhabi tants in the vicinity of the Cherokee nation have been thrown into great perturbation by the finding of gold in that region. As near as can be ascertained, about 18,000 bales of cotton were destroyed by fire at New Orleans, on the 2nd last. Two days after the conflagration, the agent of the Mutual Insurance Company of this city telegraphed to the directors that their loss would not exceed 40,000 dole., although it is put down at 60,000 dole. in our despatch of the 4th. The Liver pool and London Insurance Company will not lose over 11,000 dole. _ _ The British ship Belmont, with 3,000 bales of cotton on board, was entirely destroyed by fire at New Orleans on March 7. The Bangor Mercury of March 2 says : We are informed of the following particulars of a shoot ing case which occurred at Orey's Tavern, at Pea Cove, in Oldtown, last evening. The company had assembled for a dance, and had gone through several dances, when, as one William Bowman, of Upper Stillwater, was dancing down the side of the hall where a young lady of Upper Stiliwatcr (who name we suppress), and bey brother, were sitting, she rose and discharged both barrels of a double-barrelled pistol at him, the ball of one of which took effect in the back of his shoulder, and the other entered the wall. The young lady who was dancing with him was somewhat burnt in the face by the powder. A great excitement en sued. The young lady was perfectly calm, and stated she intended to kill hint—that she came for that purpose. She said the reason she did not shoot him in the drawing room was because she could not get near enough to him. The reasons for the act, she said, were well known to all presebt. If she could only have killed him, she said, she should have been perfectly satisfied. We are informed that the impel ling cause of this desperate attempt to take life and wreak vengeance is well known in the vicinity where the parties reside, and is the one which almost always lies at the bottom of such eels. We understand be was arrested the day before for breach of promise, and obtained bail. The young lady is said to be reputable, sod the sympathy of those who know her is decidedly in her favour. After the act she went away with her brother, and no odinnpt was made to arrest her. How seriously the man is graded we cannot tell. The ball was broken up in consequence. The following correspondence,' embodying a tri bute to President Fillmore from his cabinet, is taken from the Nations: Intelligemer : Letter to President Fillmore._ _ Washington, March 3, 1853. Sir,—As our connexion with you is about to terminate, we cannot forbear to give utterance to the feelings of un mingled satisfaction with which we look back upon our official and personal intercourse. We have witnessed wi h admiration your tuatiring devotion to the public aerviiie, and your patience and assiduity in the discharge of the incessant and laborious ditties of your office. Near obser vation has afforded no innumerable croon of the en lightened and compreheasive regard for the beat interests of the whole Union, which you have brought to the exe cution of the high trust which devolved upon you under circumstances of peculiar embarrassment. For the fidelity to its best interests which you have thus manifested, the country, we believe, will yet with one voice do you ample justice. We have the greatest pleasure in adding, that the unbroken harmony which has prevailed in your i cabinet, and between yourself and all its members, has greatly facilitated the performance of our arduous labours. With our united best wishes that your health may he preserved, and that the country may long have the bene ilt:of your patriotism, experience, and high Intelligence, we remain, dear sir, your aincere friends. EDWARD EVERITT. J. I'. KENNEDY. TRUMAS Colter's. J. J. CRITTENDEN. A. H. H. STuaitr. 8. D. HUBBARD. C. M. CONRAD. To his Excellency Millard Fillmore, President of the United States. Reply of President Fillmore. Washington, March 4, 18.53. Oeatlemen,—Your kind note, which was handed me last evening, was se unexpected as it was gratifying. While I cannot flatter myself with the idea that I ant justly entitled to all the praise which your friendship has so generously bestowed, I am frank to confess that I do feel a conscious ness that I have spared no pains to merit it. Of this, how ever, you are the beet judges. You have been my daily companions, and can best appreciate the motives with w hi c h I have discharged my official duties. But it is due to you, and to those who preceded some of you, as my official ad ' visers, to say that the success of my administration is chiefly owing to the wisdom, harmony, fidelity, and ability of my counsellors, and that the country, as well as myself, owes then a debt of gratitude, which I doubt not it will frecog nine in due time, and cheerfully discharge. No President was ever more fortunate than I have been in the *election of his cabinet. No manifestation of unkind feeling, or even a hard word, has ever disturbed the har monious action of the Council Board. This cordial unani mity has not only advanced the public service, but has been at all times to me a source of unalloyed satisfaction. I shall ever reflect upon our social and official intercourse with great pleasure, and cherish, to my latest breath, the disin terested friendship with which it has been marked. Please to accept my sincere thanks for the faithful, able, and satisfactory manner in which you have respectivily discharged the arduous and responsible duties of your several offices, and also my beat wishes for your health and prosperity ; and believe me, _ • Gentlemen, your sincere friend, MILLARD FILLMORE. Hon. Edward Everett, Thomas Corwin, Alex. 11, 11. Stuart, Chart"; M. Conrad, J. I'. Kennedy, John J. Crittenden, S. I) Hubbard. (For Cominercuri intedience, see par 4.) Cte court. WINDSOR, MARCH 25. There wee no addition to the royal dinner party yesterday. The Queen and Print.) atttroled an early service this atoning in the private chapel of the Castle, and took the Sacrament of the Slott' Communion. The Duchem of Kent, the Princess Royal, the Princess Alice, and the Princess Adelaide of Hohenbite, with the Ladies and Gentlemen of the Court, also the Dunestic Household, at tended the usual morning service. Toe Hon. and Rev. G. Wellesley officiated at both services. Despatches from the Governors of Bermuda and Gib raltar were received ye.terday at the Colonial-ntii, e , Despatches were sent last evening from the Colonial -1 office for the Governor of Canada. 71103 i LAST NIGHT'S GAMMA. WAR-OFFICE, MARCH a 4th Regiment of Dragoon Guards.—William Bruce Arm. strong, gent., to be assiatant-surgeon, vice Firer, dec. 12th Light Dragoons.—Cornet Henry Fullerton Richmond, from the 11th Light Dragoons, to be cornet, vice Glyn, appointed to the Ist Dragoons. Scots Fusilier Guards.—Brevet-Colonel and Major Henry Colville to be lieutenant-colonel, by purchase, vice Brevet Colonel William Thomas Knoilys, w h o ret i na upon half pay, as a lieutenant-colonel, unattached ; Captain and Lieutenant-Colonel and Brevet. Colonel Gorge Dixon to he major, by pur., vies Culvile ; Brev.-Col. E. Duodecimo s Wigrans, from halt-piy,unattached, to be call. and lieut . tensint.Celenel, vice Dixon; Lieutenant and Captain J. Hamilton Elphinstonc Dalrymple to he captain and lieutenant-colonel, by purchase, vice Wigrum, who re. tires; Ensign and Lieutenant the lion. Wellman Clarence Walpole Coke to be lieutenant and captain, by purchase, vice Dalrymple; James Rase Famish irson, gent., to he ensign and lieutenant, by purchase, vice Cuke. 7th Foot. —Lieutenant Frederick John George Whitehead to be captain, by purchase, vice Jenner, who re ti res; Ensign Ramsay Wardl a w, from the 19th Foot, to be lieutenant, by purchase, vice Whitehrid. 23rd Foot.—Lieutenant-Colonel William Pottinger, frem half-pay unattached, to be lieutenant.co unel, vice Bre vet-Colonel Arthur Wellesley Turrets*, who exchanges; Major Harry George Chester to be lieutenant-colonel, b purchase, vice Pottinger, who retir es ; C apta i n F rederick J. Phillott to be major, by purchase, vice Chester; First- Lieutenant Robert Taylor Reynes to be captain, by pur chase, vice Phillut..; Si cond-Lieutenant dailies Carnegie to be first-lieutenant, by purchase, vice ltayi,es. 31st Foot.—Ensign Richard We Id Litton to be lieutenant, by purchase, vice Scarmau, who retires. 33rd Fouts—Lieutenant Thomas Wickham to be captain, by purchase, vice Parker, who retires; Ensign William Minchin Harnett, to be lieutenant, by purchase, vice Wickham. 44th Fout.—Brevet-Lieutenant.Colonel Edward Caulfield Ascher, from halt-pay unattached, to he major, vice Nathan Smith Gardiner, w h o each antes; Captain Robert Feilden to be major, by purchaar, vice Archer, who re tires; Lieutenant Honourable C. W. Herbert Agar to be captain, by purchase, vice Feildeu ; Ensign Frederick 'William Gregory to have the rack of lieutenant; Ensign George Ingham to be lieutenant, by purchase, vice Ho nourable C. W. H. Agar. 52nd Foot.—Ensign Jahn liainbrigge Story, from the 26th Foot, to be ensign, vice Stopford, promoted. 64th Foot.—Ensign Alfred John 'Puke to be lieutenant, without purchase, vice Cotton, deceased. 70th Foot.—Lieutenaut John Mockler, on half.pay, an pay master of the 82ud Foot, to he paymaster, vice Hugh Heidi. Mackenzie, who retires upon hails-pay. 95th boot.—Lieutenant George Courtenay Vialls to be cap. fain, by purchase, vice Master, w: :o retires ; Ensign God frey Clerk to be lieutenant, by purchase, vice Vialls. Gold Coast Corps.—John Everard Deane, gent., to be en sign, without purchase vice Hales, deceased. UNATTACIISIL—BreTet-LientenasTeuluael John Enoch, half-pay Unattached, to be lieutenant-colonel, without purchase; Lieutenant Plomer J. Young, from the 7th Foot, to be captain, without purchase. ROYAL AGRICI 7 LTITHAL SOCIETY OF ENGLAND. _ . The great country meeting of the Royal Agricul tural Society for 1853 will be held at Gloucester, in the month of July, and judging from the extent of the prepa rations which are being made in that city, the meeting wall be one of the largest ever held. The situati,n of Glouces ter is peculiarly adapted for a large gathering of this kind, as it forms an important railway centre, the South Wales, Great Western, and Midland lines all meeting in that city, and the break of gauge occurring at this spot, so that no change of carriage will be necessary, whether the animals to be sent comb north, south, east, or west. The meeting this year is fur the South Wales district, with tne counties of Hereford, Worcester, and Gloueester, and there was a hard struggle between Gloucester end Worcester for the honour of having the meeting, both cities having provided the requisite funds.and being prepared with proper sites. The peculiar position of Gloucester, however, with regard to railway cuinmunication, and it being more -1 over a seaport, gave it the palm. Gloucester had moreover another advantage, in being within ten minutes' ride by railway of Cheltenham, which town will afford great ac commodation to strangers during the sisit of the Royal Society. The County Agricultural Society has suspended its annual meeting until th e y ear 1854, in order that its members may concentrate their energies in the great un dertaking. The site chosen for the exhibition is a very convenient one, being close adjacent to the city and the railway stations on the Bristol road. A n um b er o f work men have been engaged in draining and levelling the ground, but, in consequence of the expected large entries, an addLional piece of ground has been required, and is now in course of preparation. Extra prises are to be awarded for the breed of Cotteswold sheep, and a great poultry and horticultural show is to be added to the exhibition. THE CONVICT SAUNDERS. CHELMSFORD, FRlDAY.—Yesterday the Acting deputy Sheriff, T. M. Gepp, Esq., r ece i ve d in formation that the grandfather of this culprit died while labouring under insanity. It has already been stated that the convict's mother di, d a lunatic, and from the indefatigable exertions of Mr. Gepp, a mass l of information has been collected and forwarded to the Home office authorities, since the reprieve signed by the Duke of Newcastle, in the absence of Lord Palmerston, and which expires on Tuesday next. The result of these inquiries has induced Lord Palmerston to authorise two eminent physi cians, experienced in cases of lunacy, to proceed to Spring- I field gaol , and yesterday they arrived, and made a minute examination of the state of the prisoner's mind, but of course their opinions were not publicly expressed. They will make a special report forthwith to the Home Seen , tary of State, and upon that document the ultimate fate of the criminal will depend on Wednesday next. Among other information obtained by Mr. Gepp, is some from the market gardeners of Mortlake, where it seems the prisoner Was known as " Silly Charley Saunders," and at times vim flippant and idiotic in his conduct,although at o , hen he was • steady workman. He appears to have a great aversion to llrishmen, and labours under the delusion that they enter tain feelings of revenge towards hint for having posted some placards concerning Cardinal Wiseman. The culprit him self, since his oondemnation, has related to the chaplain sad surgeon of the gaol several acts of violence which he says he has committed. While at work for Mr. Hoare, the brewer, he states that he struck at an Irishman with a sickle in the night under the impression that the latter would murder him. He also says that he attacked two costermongers and a policeman, on Woolwich Common, with a knife, but none of these assertions can be traced to any truthful foundation. The opinion of Mr. Gibson, the surgeon of the gaol, that he is insane on these points. He has also expensed his belief that he is entitled to 1,0001., which he wishes to be shay d between his sister and the widow of the unfortunate Mr. Toiler, who he still maintains he killed in self-defence. In addition to following the occupation of market garden ing, the convict has bola to Africa as cook in a trading vessel, and employed is Mega@ and fishing smacks. SHOCKING LOSS OP LIFE.—DEAL, THURSDAY NIQRT.—A most melancholy occurrence was made known here this evening, which has created much regret. Three brave and hardy men, who have often distinguished them selves by saving human life from wrecks on the Goodwin, having met with a lamentable death by their craft capsiz ing in a snow squall in the Oul stream. Their boat was the novelling lugger, the Victoria, and the names of the men were Thomas B owbegres,i George Thompson, and an other, with Thomas Thompson (father of George Thompson, about 60 years ot age, and an experienced boatman), and Edward Greigs. They pushed off in the lugger from the beach about nine o'clock in the morning. About eleven o'clock they were cruising in the Gull stream, when a brig was (observed to heave to and hoist her colours. At the moment, another boat, belonging to Deal, happened to be close on Thompson's boat, and the Fawn requiring a baud Edward Greigs jumped in, and the Fawn immediately bore up for the brig. Oa approaching within h.iii of the brig the captain beckoned to something that bad befell the Vic toria, and on looking astern they saw that the logger was foundering. They bore round and made all haste to the spot, but only arrived in time to save the elder Thompson, who was swimming; the others hail disappeared, with their logger, and had perished. Thompson was found to be in a very exhausted state when picked up. He was taken to Ramsgate. The sufferers were al! married men, and have left large families. It is sincerely hoped that these who have the means will attempt in some measure to provide for the helpless widows and orphans. DISAPPEARANCE OP COPENHAGEN-HOUSE.—The Copenhagen-house Tavern, which fur many centuries was • popular London resort, has this week been disposed of, with the race-ground attached, to the Corporation of the City of London, for the new cattle market. SUDDEN DEATH AT TILE PORTSMOUTH TER IIINU/3.—On Thursday night last Mr. William Smith malinger of the Portsmouth Gas Works, and well known in the northern coal districts, whilst on the platform of the Portsmouth Railway Terminus, was suddenly seised with a fit of apiaries?, and in the courie of a few minutes was a corpse. Deceased was a councillor of the borough, and highly respec!ed. PEOPLING TUE PACIFIC.—The New York Herald says, "nearly fifteeen hundred men, women and children left this city on Saturday for California. Twice a month a like number leave our shores fur those of the Pacific. The places left vacant by them are immediately filled by others crowding in from Europe. They are only a drop from the stream of human beings running into this me tropoiis." I i-,