The Express. — London, England, 1853-04-04 00:00:00

AMERICA. ARRIVAL OF TUE AFRICA. Off ELECTRIC TELIGRATIO LIVERI'OOI., SUNDAE EVENING. The British and Atr...ticsn steam .ship Africa, ceigaialsere this att.ruouu direct truss Newlark. She lelt that port at n oon on the 23rd n irc h, with the mails from the United States and and twiny ah.sit tiit passengers, but no ll VL:day after the Africa sailed she passed the out- war d stsd stearn-shi? ,t.sia, which left this port for No lot's: ea the 12111 The British mail sham-ship Canada arrived at Boston on the Val. Tbe United States wail steam-ship Atlantic arrived I x: et New York on the ::28d. steamship City of Glasgow h a d a l so fttaithid Phi!adelphia, utter a' 0 days passage. The diwusston ea the Ciayton-Itulwee treaty in the L;entite, which was afljtierneel from Friday, the lath, ul .,m a; :day, the 21st ult., on the mutton of Mr. De e m WAS resumed un the latter day by that gen deeau. Ile expressed a atrung opinion that Eng land desired to keep the treaties+ entered into, and that no ilitlieuity would ensue. 'Me call upon the Secretary of State for informa tion relative to the conflicting claims of Great itwin and Honduras, which formed the second re sulutiou before the Senate, was laid upon the table. It will require months to prepare an answer. Now that the Clayton.lltilwer treaty has been dis- Need of fur thu present, Mr. Nlason, the chairman of the actuate Committee on Foreign Itelations, has beta able to call up the Tehuantepec question, and the Senate Lave commeuzed the discussion on the utt p . The ratification of the copyright treaty is not ex pected to take place this session. It requires the tote of two-tlaircir of the Senate to make ;t law. The oponents of the measure, or the amount of busi ness to the transacted by the Senate before the close of the session, may be the cause of the postponement of the ratification. The ship Golden Light, outward bound, from New York for California, was struck by lightning at sea on the 22nd of February. The unfortunate vessel had 35 persons on board. Fifteen of this number had the good fortune to be nixed by the ship Shandy, but all the other's are presumed to hare perished. AUSTRIAN (IL ARREL WITH PIEDMONT. fierond the fact that a correspondence wee going ou ls;tween Turin and Vienna respecting the appli cation of the sequestration decree to Sardinian rub jtcts, little has been known on this subject. Letters from Vienna enable us to report the character of the Sardinian intervention, and the spirit in which it has been airep ed. Since the outbreak at Milan every mail has brought us word A some measure of rigour to which the Sardinian government has re sorted, at the hazard of its own popularity, for the security of the Austrians in Italy. The end and re ward of all this ie, that Austria is at this moment u hostile in her demeanour towards Piedmont as to Se garland. As soon as the official promulgation of the decree of confiscation was known at Turin, Count Revel, the minister of the King of Sardinia at the Court of Vienna, net ivtd instructions to mako an energetic protest against it, and to demand explanations re specting the interpretation put upon it at Vienna. M. Revel obtained no satisfaction on the subject from the Imperial Mini-tcr of Foreign Affairs: on the contrary, Count Buol declared that the emigrants naturalised in Sardinia were not excepted, although it might be sustained with some plausibility that they were released from their duties towards Austria. M. Buol declined to go very far into the question, alleging that full instructions would be sent to M. Apponr, Imperial Minister at Turin, to whom the Sardinian government was, for the rest, referred. These instructions were not long delayed: they bear dire March 9. and M. Appony was authorised to !rare a envy of them in the hands of the Chevalier ltab rmids, Foreign Minister at Turin. In this document, M. Baal informs M. Appony of the application of M. Revel. The Sardinian govern ment has demanded explanations respecting the im prial decree of February 13, and the proclamation of Marshal ltadetzky, by which the Austrian govern ment sequestrates all the property of all the emigrants, without exception. M. Rued replies : that the im perative motives which have dictated this determina tion, are indicated in than proclamation itself, but that he has noobjection to go inure fully into the subject. He then proceeds to say, that when Austrian au thority had been re-established in Lombardy after the events of 1848-49, the Emperor treated the authors of revolutionary attempts with infinite clemency. This great moderation however, had been responded to by the chiefs of the emigration with the basest ingratitude : they had established themselves on the frontiers of the Austrian possessions, and with the revenues derived from estates in Lombardy had kept up a system of disaffection and agitation in that country. They . had founded demagogic jour nals. bought shares in Mazzioi's loan, and kept in their pay the lower order of revolutionaries, those whose weapons are the dagger and the knife. Hence it was necessary that the Austrian government should resort to rigorous measures of surety, such as should bring with them the hoariest punishment to the authors of troubles. _ _ _ _ At this point M. Baal asks what the Sardinian government has done to restrain or paralyse the activity which the emigrants have excited against Austria. Piedmont could and ought to have bridled the demagogic press, but it has not chosen to do so. It was aware of the machinations carried on against Austria: it did not report them to the im perial government. Austria pointed out to the Sardinian government those of the refugees whom it knew as the most profoundly perverse, and whose audacity was most enterprising, and demanded their expulsion ; the demand was rejected. More, the imperial government demanded that, conformably to t-esties, the refugees who were accused of high treason should be given up, but the cabinet of Turin peremptorily refused. The imperial government was thus left to its own resources. It has used them in self-defence, and has struck as far as it could its rebellious subjects who have become its implacable enemies, and have only procured their naturalisation in Sardinia to carry on the part of conspirators. The Emperor has taken this measure in the fulness of his power, and in the interest of his empire, and concedes to no foreign government the right to ask why was this or why was that emigrant's proper sequestrated, or what are the proofs of such as one's guilt, inasmuch as the measure itself is not the verdict of a judicial court, but a measure of politic safety, applied to estates lying within the im perial territories. M. Buol concludes by noticing the character of tho emigrants. whom be divides into three categories. First, there are, he says, the active instruments, who know the handling of a poignard ; next, those who employ and pay these fanatics ; and lastly, and shrewdest of all, those who affect a pru dence and reserved exterior, who await, without com promising themselves, the success of the attempts into which they precipitate the etifan4 perdess of the revolution to profit by it when the hour shall arrive. All these, says M. 13tiol, are equally guilty; and since their crime is the same, there can be no reason for establishing in the infliction of the punishment a distinction which does not exist in the culpability. To this despatch M. Dabarmida responds by another addressed to Count Revel, on tho 20th of Ruth. The Piedmrintese minister expresses at the outset his astonishment that M. Buol should refer him to the proclamation of ltadetzky for the infor mation desired, that ho should decline so much as to discuss the legality of the sequestration in so far as concerns the refugees who have become subjects of Sul:ilia, and that the minister of the Emperor should adopt a style of general recrimination and accusation, not only against the entire emigra tion but also against the Sardinian government Itself. lie will not dissemble the painful impression left oa the public mind in Piedmont by a measure which extends so widely, striking alike the innocent and the guilty: but he will only speak of the emi rants who are legally subjects of Piedmont. The dispatch of M. llabm-Mida is divided into two parts: In the lir.t he discusses thu legality of the measure,' in the second he refutes the accusations which M. 11. ml has made against the government of the King. Cri the first point, he maintains that Itadetzky's pro ciair.ation of August 12, 1819, was an express condi cf the ratification of the 'Rae:. of August ti;, that this proclamation grants to all emigrants with-' out distinction the right to demand and re-; ceive legitimation of their withdrawal of allegiance to Austria - ; that the imperial decree ef Dec. 29, 1839, disconnecting all the refugees from rights and duties of Austrian subjects, has assimilated those who had not demanded legal emigration to those who had, so that all such refugees who have since received naturalisation in Sardinia ought to be considered by I the imperial government as legitimate subjects of the King of Sardinia, and in that capacity ought not to be troubled by any measure aimed at the political refu gees whom Austria accuses of conspiring against her. These naturalised emigrants have the right, like all other subjects of the King, to possess estates in Lombardy without being exposed to sequestra tion, and cannot be despoiled of it except by judgments pronounced by regular tribunals. On the second point M. Dabormida protests for the honour of the King. He denies that Piedmont has been the Taus of conspiracies: there may be secret societies there as in the government of the Em peror ; the government may not always be more suc cessful in discovering and breaking them up than the government of Lombardy ; but before and after the troubles of Milan it did its best to put down pots against the imperial government. The press in Piedmont exists under the regime of the law and the constitution. Its freedom is a consequence of the charter to which the King has sworn ; lint its liberty is regulated by law, which is amply sufficient to redress any wrongs of which foreign sovereigns may have to complain. The Austrian government has never pointed out dangerous refugees and de manded their expulsion ; this expulsion could never, therefore, have been refused. The treaty to which M. Buol appeals in complaining that re fugees accused of high treason have not been given up, has never been interpreted as applying to poli tical offences. In conclusion, M. Dabormida appeals to the justice and good sense of M. Buol to abandon these unfounded accusations against the government of his Sardinian Majesty, and to admit the justice of the claims, which he repeats, on behalf of the emigrants. THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, APRIL 4, 1853. etc Court. The Q4con and Prince Albert, accompanied by the Princesses Helena acd Louisa, took a drive on Saturday afternoon in an open landau and four. The Equerries iu Waiting, Major-General Buckley and Captsin the lien. Dudley de Hoe, attended on horseback. Prince Albert rode out on horseback on Saturday morn ing, attended by hie Equerry in Waiting. His royal high ness, attended by Captain the Hon. Dudley do Roe, visited the British Museum in the afkruoon. _ . . Her Majesty and Prince Albert honoured the Princess's Theatre with their presence on Saturday evening. The royal suite consisted of the Duchess of Wellington, the Hon. Mary Seymour, Lord Waterp irk, Major-General Buckley, and Captain the Hon. Dudley de Roe. The Queen's Priest. Band attended in Buckingham Palace after dionsr on Friday evening and performed the following compositions: Overturn, " Le Vrasseur de Preston" Adam. Arlectiati, "Gustave" Thetas, Az.... and Zetairs" VIII hr. NC Arch, t'e .seturo Oratut.o" Her Majesty and Prince Albert. with the Prince of Wales, the Prinetss Royal, and the Princess Alice also the ladies and gentlemen in waiting and the domestic house hold, attended divine service yesterday in the Private Chapel at Buckingham Palace. The Hon.and Rev. Gerald Wellesley °Vitt:tat. d. The Duchess of Keno, secompanied by the Princess Ade laide of Holionluhe, visited the Duchess of Cambridge and the Princess Mary on Saturday at Kew. Viscount Palmerston arrived in town on Saturday morn- , 1 ing, t 3 intend the Cabinet C3uncil, from Droadlands. The Chancellor of the Exchequer and Mrs. Gladaoste, and the Right lion. Sidney Herbert and Mrs. llerbert ar rived in town on Saturday from Wilton House, Wilts. Musurus, the Turkish Mint.-ter, paid a visit to the Earl of Clarendon on Saturday, at the Foreign-office. The Committee on Education of the Queen's Most Hon. Privy Council met on Ssturilay at the Privy Conucibottice, Whitehall. Present—The Lord President, the Duke of Argyll, the Martini44:Lansdowne, the Earl of Aberdeen, Lord John Russell, Cie Chancellor of the Exchequer, and the Rif lit lion. Sidney Herbert. A deputation un the subject of the repeal of the Manning clause of tte Navigation Act had an interview with the Right Hun. E. Cardwell on Saturday, at the Board of Trade. The deputation consisted of Mr. Hudson, M.l'., Mr. Taylor, M.P., Mr. Wittiest Lester ( Hartlepoo l), Mr. William Steuart (South Shields, Newcastle), Mr. harks Cowen (ditto), Mr. Simon Campbell (North Shields), Mr. James Burgess (Sunderland), Mr. Thomas Smith (filitlcies borough). Mr. James Paton (North Shields), and Mr. Ro bert Young. Despatches were sent on Saturday from the Colonial-office to the Governns of Australia Despatches were received on Saturday from the Governors of the West India islands. Despatches were received yesterday at the Colonial office, from the Governors ut Victoria. Malta, and Gibraltar. A cabinet council was held ma Saturday at the Foreign-office, Downing-street. The Ministers pre sentiwere the Earl of AberdeenZ Lord J. Russell, the Lord Chancellor, Hurl Granville, the Duke of Argyll, rho Marquis of Lansdowne, Viscount Pal merston, the Earl of Clarendon, the Duke of New castle, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Sir James Graham, the Right lion. Sidney Herbert, and Sir William Molcsworth. The council sat three hours. The Chancellor of the Exchequer had a dinner party on Saturday evening at his official residence in Down ing-street. The guests were Lord Wodebouse, Lord Lyt fehon, the Bishop (4 Quebec, the Provost of Eton, Sir Charles Trovelyea, Mr. W.lter, M.P., Mr. Fitsgcrald, M.P., Mr. B. Phibilners, M.P., Mr. It. Bell, M.P., Sir Stafford Northcete, Mr. Trevor, Mr. Anderson, b.c. THE QUARTER'S REVENUE. The Observer says: tlw Quarterly Returns of the Revenue will be made up on Tuesday next, the sth of April, terminating the financial year. The prosperity which has marked, almost without exception, all the Late returns of the national income, still continues; and we are happy to ay that the returns for the quarter and the year just ended show no falling off in the progresive improve ment that has, ever since the expansion of our commercial system, taken place in the public resources. The increase in the revenue for the year ending April 5, 1853, over that of the year ending April, 1852, will amount to upwards of half • million sterling. This cannot be re girded as otherwise than a molt atnkisg and satisfactory progress in the onward course of prosperity, which has gone on increasing year after year, in spite of the reductions and the relaxations of duties and of taxes, which weighed hesvily upon the industry and the comforts of the people. ' This large increase will, we believe, be found to arise chiefly from the items of excise, stant;.s, and Property-tax. The Customs returns for the year will probably show a small decline, owing chiefly to the remission of dunes which have taken effect only in the financial year, which will close on the 6th inst. The eeeee us for the quarter ending Apri15,1853, will pro bably exhibit a trifling falling off as compared with the corresponding quarter of 1852. The Customs, it is expected, will show a small decrease, which can be easily accounted (or by the recent reduction of duties upon various article., those upon the importation of sugar, for example, which have been lowered from year to year, not having yet reached their lowest print. Is the Excise there may be a decline, upon the making up of the accounts; hut if so, it will not be to any considerable amount. Under the bead of Stamps, in creased activity in the different branches of trade will be followed by a considerable increase in the revenue derived from these transactions, notwithstanding the groat relief afforded by Sir C. Wood in this department. In the item of taxes, a diminution may naturally be expected, in conse quence of the substitution of the house duty for the window ma, which 'ma calculated and framed fur the purpose of giving relief to the occupiers of houses subject to the former heavy burdens, and also by the difference in rating and period of collection. An increase under the head of property tax may also be looked for as the result of • con tinuous and steady advance in prosperity. An augmentation in the Pat-office receipts may be expected from the same cause. RETURN OF THE EBBA BRAHE. Livimroot, SATURDAY. The emigrant ship Ebbs Brahe, that went ashore oa East Mouse on Thursday night, but was got off next morning, entered the river yesterday aftgrnoun. She was leaky, making about two inches of water per hour, and injury some was done to her rigging. The passengers and crew were all safe. This morning, the owners of the vessel (Messrs. De Wolf) and the passenger agent (Mr. Weltkow) made application to the government emigration officer at this port (Captain Schomberg) for permission to place the pentagon in Birkenhead emigration depot, until such time as the vessel was ready to go to sea again. Captain Schom berg, halve's'', was unable to comply with this request without the permission of the Admiralty. A telegraphic communication was at once forwarded to Somenet-house, London, asking for the required permission, and an answer was shortly afterwards returned compl ying with the request. The pessenxirs (with the exception of those occupying berths in the chief cabin) were cenveyrd there this afternoon, and will be lodged and fed at the ship's expense. The chief cabin passengers will be accommo• dated either at an hotel, or at privato lodgings, as they desire. A meeting of the passengers has been called, and will be held on Monday in the Merchants' Coffee-house, Old Churchyard, at one o'clock. LETTERS FOR AUSTItALIA.—It appears that ar rangcmcnts have been made wit► the Post•ofhce authorities for carrying her Majesty's mxils to Port l'hillip and Sydney by the screw steamer Osmanli, to sail from Liverpool on the 7th instant. ADDRESS TO EMIGRANTS BY MRS. CH[SHULY. - -- - A crowded meeting took place on Saturday even ing, at the Lecture Hall Fair -street, Horselydown, to hear an 'Odium from Mrs. Chisholm, on the subject uf emigration, which was delivered at the request of the committee of the Bermondsey aid Horselydown Mutual Improvement Amu elation. N less than 400 persons were present, including a great number of females. Mrs. Chisholm was loudly ap plauded oar taking her seat on the platform. Mr. DYES. beiug called to the chair, observed that emi gration was the great fact of the day, and it was of the most importance to emigrants to obtain correct information. one was more able to give this than Mrs. Melia:en. He had found her at Sydney in Ite3e, actively engaged in pro. meting the interests of emigrants; and she had devoted herself to this object ever since. (Cheers.) Mrs. CHISHOLM said a meeting like that at such an hour on Saturday night was a sign of great earnestness in • good cause. She had never benefited by emigration herself; but if she had been able to give any aid to others, she had her reward. (Cheers.) Most of those preseut were accus tomed t 3 the exercise of economy, and to calculating on a Saturday night how they could make their money go fur thest. During her fourteen year. experience of emigration, she had never heard such calculations any where but in Eugland. (Hear, hear.) In Australia it was usu it for mechanics. on going to breakfast, to call at the butaher'a, and take home a beef-steak. The frying pun was to con stantly on the fire as the tea-kettle. (Cheers.) They hail meat three times a day, and when men were pnid double wage they could do double work. (Hear, hear.) When a HMS found that he could save slew pounds by his industry, and get • little farm of his own, he was nerved fur datable labour; and the only danger was that he should over exert himself and do too much. With regard to three working for wages, she never heard any one cherg,d with not earning the wages ho was working for. (Hear, bear.) There was no tear of strikes; fur the masters knew it was their interest to give the highest possible wages. (Cheers.) So satisfied were the working classes here of the advantages awaiting them in Australia, that the ouly question with them was how to get there. (Hear, hear.) She would not recommend them to begin with a strike ; let them go home, avid try how much they could save. The experiment bad been fairly tried here of m..king advances to the emigrants; and the result led to the conviction that those who were tlllls trusted would cheerfully pay every shilling they owed. Not only at, but they were subscribing in Australia to assist their friends at Lome to go out. (Hear, hear.) Of course, the whole cost of tha pessiige could not thus be defrayed ; it was necessary that emigrants should do something fur them serves. If they burrowed the whole of their passage money, their labour was fettered on arriving in the colony, and they were in some resotct althea, as beiug in the p seer of those who had thus assisted them. In the course of a few months she hoped to be in the colony, and to as sist, to the utmost of her power, in stimulating the efforts now making there on behalf of friends in England. In Australia there were uo appeals to charity ; she never saw a beggar all the time she was there. (Cheers.) They had no trade societies, for they were not needed ; the work ' man, in youth, was able to earn a competence for old age. (Caters.) To those who were sending out their ions, she would recommend not to ,cud the wildest or the worst first, but rather the best, sod one wita some spirit, who would not be afraid of " roughing it," as it was called. (Hear.) She would have no fear of roughing it if she were landed in Australia, with a family of children •at her back. (Cheers.) Many were alarmed at the accounts of robbery sod violence; but where did the thieves come from? (Hear, hear.) There were no difficulties there which any woman present might not meet; in fact, she found that women often met difficulties better than men. Recently, she was travelling in • fit steles& railway carriage, with five gentlemen ; two of them had smelling-bottles. (Great laughter.) One was offered to her ; but she hail an utter contempt for such things. She wished to have had these persons in the bush; no doubt they would have written some doleful letters home. (Great laughter.) She feared there was a great deterioration in the men of England ; whether it arose from insufficient food, or from the depression which fell upon theist early in life, she could not determine. (Hear, hear.) She would not recommend married men to go out alone, with the idea of preparing homes for their wives. It must be admitted th, y were not very successful In this object ; single men, ono were expecting the girls to follow them, did far better. (Cheers.) Too often it hupptned, that when a man left his wifa and family behind, miming the accustomed stimulus to exertion, be was a lost man. (Hear, hear.) In one case, a wife, determined on bettering the condition of her herself and family, had sailed first ; but the ship being detained at Plymouth, the husband stud children had joined her tht re. (Cheers.) She recommended all who thought of emigrating to make ?articular inquiries about the ventilation of the vessels; if they did this, the shipowners would be com- Cpelled to adopt some better system. A ventilating machine ad been brought under her notice ; she suggested that a fair trial could only be made after the ship was fairly out of I.ort. She objected also to moveable fire-engines; she had known one engine do duty for six ships in the docks. (Hear, hear.) Wages at Sydney and Adelaide were rising ; but they bad net yet reached the Melbourne standard. At Melbourne a shirt was washed for a shilling ; and the gen tleman had to fetch it home on the Saturday night. (Laughter.) It was almost useless to;speak of house-rent in Melbourne, where no houses were to be had. They were chiefly lodged in tents; and when patties wanted lodging., they did not inquire the cost of so many rooms, but for how much they could ebtaiu room for three, four, or six. (Hear, hear.) There was a great want of iron raring, also of iron scrapers, and of coloured shirts; for since the gentlemen had had to wash for themselves white shirts had gone out of fashion. (Great laughter.) The Auetralian papers contained advertisements for labour ing men, altering tn. to 10s. a day wages. She had recently received a communication, expressing great anxiety for her ea-rival in the colony, with four hundred young women. The writer said he bad been on the look out fur one ; but she was se cured a few hours before. (Laughter.) She would recommend all young women, on arriving, to take a ser vice, though but for a short time, and not to jump at the brat offer. She disapproved of the system of match-making on board ship, by parties going elf in boats; and would never allow it in any of her ships. (Hear, bear.) She was convinced that only those females would succeed in the co lony who were virtuous, industrious, mid good. (Hear, hear.) All who thought of emigrating should be informed, what they had to expect on board ship. In engaging • berth they should look on it like engaging an unfurnished apartment, and should make the same preparations for their comfort. The harder portion of the work, as cleaning out the berths, ought to be performed by the men ; in cue of any dispute on this head, she hoped the women would quote her authority. (Laughter.) It was most essential that there should be convenience for wishing on board; all emigrants should look to this, as well as to there being plenty of water. In the preparation of their victuals, the emigrants ought to do all they could to assist the ship's cooks. It was also desirable to have • system of organisation among the emigrants, whereby certain duties might be ap portioned among them. Cleanliness would thus be pro moted, and fever prevented. Much required to be done in this respect by shipownen, and much also by the emi grants. A - .common source of accident on board ship was from women and children falling down the ladders. To prevent this, the steps ought to be kept clean by dry scraping, and a soft mat placed at the bottom. All this was men's work ; and women should nalke it a condition' before emigrating that they should not do those (Hear, hear.) Many men were so slovenly and lazy on board ship that they rendered themselves incapable of any exertion. Some would lie in their beds WI the crew were obliged to go round and turn them out. (Rear.) When on board ship, though she had a young child to nurse, she de voted five hours every day to close study. (Hear, hear.) The pra:tice of burning a great number of tallow-candles in the cabins was highly objectionable; some kind of cheap lamp was e great desideratum. Soma persons were so careless that they would light limiter matches and throw them about on the fioor, the same with lighted paper,forgettiag that if the ship took fire, they could not run out to their neighbour's house. (Hear, hear .) Many took out gunpowder, and were most careless in the use of it. She recommended that it should in all cues be given up to the captain. Mrs. Chisholm then stated the days and hours at which she should be happy to give information to emigrants at her residence and exhorted those who bad friends going out to place confidence in them and assist them as far as they were able. She was loudly cheered on resuming her seat. During the whole of her address the room was crowded to suffocation, amd the windows, which were thrown wide open, were blocked up by those who could not obtain ad mission to the room. Mr. T. PAntsit, in moving the thanks of the meeting to Mrs. Chisholm, stated that she had attended on that occa sion at the request of the Bermondsey and liorselydown Mutual Improvement Association, and that her scram were entirely gratuitous. (Cheers.) Mr. Mututxx seconded, and Mr. W. TOWNSEND sup ported the resolution, which was carried amidst loud cheering. Mrs. entsuotse, in acknowledging the vote, stated that she should shortly hold some group meetings for females only. She should be at home on Monday morning, and would then be happy to give all the information she pos sessed to any one who called on her. (Hear, hear.) A vote of thanks to the chairman closed the proceedings. REPRESENTATION OP SOUTII HANT9.—TIIE How. Durrox.—The following letter appeared in a South ampton paper of Saturday last Ilaring.observed in se veral of the London papers a paragraph muting that it was my intention to offer myself to the constituency of South Harts at the first opportunity, and that I was a supporter of the present government, may I request you to contra diet thut statement, so far as it refers to my political opinions. I have given no pledge to support the presei.t government. Although a reference to the proceedings at notley might be a sufficient contradiction to the report, 1 deem it Jett to my conservative friends, ns well as to myself, to state that there is no foundation for the rumour. I am, sir, your obedient • .... n., liaLett Delius. Is, Wilton place, MarCa 31st, 1853." THE PENINSCLAR AND ORIENTAL COMPANY.—Ac c wiling to a sta•ement of Mr. &ebbing, the president of the Southampton Chamber of Commerce, ut a rublic meeting held in that town last week, the Peninsular and Oriental Company spend every year in Southampton above 2C0,0001., which as thus detailed, :—ln the purchase of ships' stores about 21,0001.; in provisions 14,0001.; in the payments of their engineering establishment, 31,00114 to ship lit/Wier', 11,0001. ; to their officers, nom. ; to seamen, 45,0 i 01.; in salaries to clerks and 5mut5...3,000/ ; to engineers, artificers, and others, 45,000/. The 110,41 Mail Company, secorAing to Mr. Stebbmg, spend in Southampton about 130,000/. a year. LAMENTABLE WRECK OF THE DUKE OF SUTHERLAND STEAMER. UPWARDS OP TWENTY LIVES LOST. ABERDEEN, FRIDAY NIORT. One of the most awful calamities that has visited this place within the memory of living man occurred here this evening, shortly before ail o'clock, and resulted, so frr as at the prima moment can be aseertaihed, in the less of about twenty live., and the complete wreak of a valurble ship, with a considerable cargo. Thus Duke of Sutherland, belonging to the Aberdeen Steam Navigation Company, left London on Wednesday evening at haft-past seven o'clock, with 25 passengers on tl b lard. The passage during that night and the whole of Thursday was a calm and pleasant one for the season ; but during the night between Thursday and Friday symptoms of a storm were manifest, which came on about 4 a.m. on Friday. It was not, however, so much felt, owing to the direction of the wind and the vour,e. of the vessel, as it would otherwise have been. The ve,sel came into Aberdeen Bay between 5 and 6 o'clock; and, seeing the flag hoisted icti:nating that the state of the tide adulated of entering the harbour, the master took her a turn to the north, and made for the pier head. 'llia north pier, built of granite, extends a consider able way ont to sea, and just as the vessel neared it, the water, which is eaten calm, eves in a storm, at the spot, was lashed let, fur:: the vessel mined the channel, turned off to the nor:h of the point of the pier, and the helm, with live men at it, became completely powerless. The ship now struck the rocks, and, being built of iron, the bottom immediately stove in, and the cargo began to float out. She now stuck fast, and within a very few minutes,the fore-part of the vessel,lrom near the paddlebm s, parted. Son atter a rent was made across by the quarterdeck, Tile c.:iiiien on board was naturally very great: ab clung to ropes or whatever part of the wreck effaed the smallest chance of safety. The lifelmat belonging to the steamer was, with much deiiculty, lowered, and by this means some were saved. .1 life-boat also put out from the beach and assisted iu landing some : lint on a second attempt to go out, the boat %se' stove in and li id to desist. A salmon cable was launched, and, it is said, took c tf one or two persons from the wreck, but was itself cap eized, and, with one exception, all perished. Another boat also put out from the shore, but the attempt proved a (same. Same of the poor men on board attempted to swim, by the aid of belts, but it is believed not one reached the shore in safety, the chief engineer and others being V= 'to 2 i down within a few yards of the pier. In the mean whi.e, a large rope was thrown to the lasted by means i f rocket and communication established between her and the pier. Captain Howling, in attempting this mode of safety, perished. Fifteen to twenty persons, of both sexes, the chiefly belonging to the vessel, ly:wever, thus got to shore, for the most part fearfully exhausted ; bat it is thouzlit every one of them will survive. Thu greatest excitement prevailed un shore ; and tens of thousandi crowded the pier and beach, which presented a most melting spectacle. The Duke 01 Sutherland was built in 1847 ; and had just made hi r last voyage for the season between Aberdeen and London—it being intended to pot her on the line from London to Inverness, between which ports she has gene , rally plied. The conduct of the had steward, a young fellow named Christie, who preserved his self•pessession, and directed the cammunication from the pier to the vessel, himself being tke last to leave the wreck, deserves to be recorded to his honour. Had it not been for his firmness and intrepidity, there seems every reason to believe that many mere lives would have Leen lost. PI:RTHEEL P: SATURDAY. The following is a list (somewhat imperfect and un avoidably so at present) of those on board : First cabin—Master Stewart (boy), Miss Brebner, bliss Lawrence, Miss Leask. Second cabin—Miss Milne, Mr. Barnett, Mrs. Metcalfe, Mr. Finnie, fire female and two male servants of C. C. JICTVOI.9, Esq., of Ness Castle end London. Deek—Mliabe, eight seamen to form the crew of Ci'y of Aberdeen. Crew of Steamer—Master, first mate, second mate, boatswain, c►rpenter, eight seamen, eleven engineers and firemen, three stewards, and one stewardess—in all fifty two. . _ . Master Stewart, who was in charge of the steward, is safe—so is Miss Leask, Mrs. Metcalf:, and three, at least, of Mr. Jervois' servants (females). Reckoning 4 who were lost in a hut, in all close upon thirty souls mot a watery grave. Among thesetwere Mr. Howling, the master who cause off up a ripe, and was washed off by a sea; John Fybe, ' the first engineer; and Margaret Paul, the btewardeat. Part of the cargo will be saved. The ship has gone nearly to pieces. THE CILARGE AGAINST A MERCHANT AND OTHERS AT LEEDS. This case was finally adjudicated upon by the Leeds magistrates on Saturday. Mr. Bernard Eiscuatuck and Mr. Thomas Steele, the manager of his flux mill at Florivale, two of the defendants, who had becu bailed out of custody, appeared in court at the time appointed, and %Auk White, thu overluoker of Messrs. Wilkinson and Co.'s mill, Hunslet, Leeds, was brought up is custody. The Mayor, Messrs. Nell, I'awson, and other magistrates were upon the beach. Mr. &wisher& barrister. appeared for all the prisoners, and et great length argued that the charg e of stealing these flax bobbins could not be sustained, an d as to the fur , ther charge against MUM. EisenstuA and Steele, of having received the bobbins with a guilty knowledge that they had been stolen, there was nu evidence what ever to support it. As to a charge of conspiracy, there was no evidence to show that Mr. Eisen stuck andthe others had combined and confederated together either to commit • felony, or obtain these bobbins from Messrs. Wilkinson and Co.'s mill. He admitted that the prisoner White had acted improperly in giving his em ployer:a bobbins to Steele, who was an old friend of his ; but as to Mr. &unstuck, who was • gentleman of high character, be had merely sought to inform himself of the best mode of spinning flax in England, with a view to ordering suitable machinery, which he intended to send home to Belgium ; and he denied entirely having employed surreptitious means for procuring the information. Mr. Neilson on the part of the prosecution , contended that White b ad committed a felony, and that the other two defendants had received the flax hadbins with a guilty knowledge ; the whole three of the defendants being to gether at the Go:den Lion lon, when White handed the said bobbins to Steele, and when the latter gave them to hie employer. In proof of the guilty knowledge of Mr. Eisen stuck, he said he received the flux, se he himself admitted, from the werkpeorile of Messrs. Wilkinson and Co., end in a state which he knew to be perfectly unsaleable, being ouiy in the process of manufacture. The Mayor, in giving the decision of the bench, said that there was sufficient evidence to justify them iu sending White for trial at the sessions, on the charge of felony, and he would be committed. As to the other two defendants, they were of opinion that the evidence adduced did not so far implicate them in the transaction as to warrant the magistrates in sending them for trial as guilty receivers of stolen property. They would therefore be discharged, but it would still be open to the prosecutors, if they so thought fit, to prefer a bill of indictment spinet them, either for conspiracy, or on some other charge. The magistrates had come to the determination, however, of binding them over to appear, either in the character of witnesses or otherwise, on the trial of she prisoner White for felony. They would be sworn as witnesses, and he should leave it with them to give evidence •r not as their legal advocate might advise them. Mr. Steele and Mr. Eisenstuck were then sworn, and aftcr answering one or two preliminary questions as to their names, business, and residence, they were asked whether, since their arriv al in Leeds, three weeks airo, they had had any communication with the prisoner White as to these flax bobbins. Tis this question they both replied that, act ing under the advice of their legal adviser (Mr. Blaoshard), they should decline answering any further question, us they did not know what use might afterwards be made of their evidence. The justices then committed Spiels White for trial on the charge of stealing the b3bbins and dee yarn. and or dered Mr. Eisenstuck to enter into his own recognisance in the sum of 5001., and Mr. Steele in the sum of 2001., to ap pear as witnesses on the trial. ROYAL CHARTER, DECLARING MANCHES- TEA A " CITY." On Friday morning the 'Mayor received by post a bulky package from the llome•othce, which proved to be, snugly encased in a neat morocco hos, a royal charter, duly engrossed on vellums, elegantly bordered with emblems, and to which the great seal of the United Kingdom was ap pended. This charter commences by reciting the former charter of the incorporatiOn of Manchester, on the 23d of October, 1838, constituting the inhabitants a body politic and corporate by the style of " he Mayor, Aldermen, and Burgesses of the Borough of Manchester." It next recites the order iu council of the 10th August, 1847, by which, under the powers of the act for establishing the bishopric of Manchester, and other acts, and by the advice and sugges tion of the ecclesiastical commissioners, and with the con• sent of the Right Rey. John (then) Lok Bishop of Chester, the collegiate of the said borough was constituted for ever thereafter a cathedral church, and the seat of a bishop, within the province of York ; and that the dean and canons of the said cathedral church have been constituted the dean and chapter thereof. The charter then proceeds:— "And whereas, it hath been further reresented unto us that doubts have been entertained as to whether or not the said borough of Manchester has, by virtue of its having been erected the lee of a bishop, as aforesaid, become and been invested with the privileges of a city; and that the mayor, aldermen, and burgesses of the said borough of Manchester have by ther petition to us humbly besought us to create the said borough of Manchester a city, and to con fer on it the name and style of ' The City of Manchester,' and the privileges and liberties of a city ; and to confer upon the said corporation, now known by the name of the mayor, aldermen, and burgesses of the borough of Man chester, in the county of Lancaster, the name and style of The mayor, aldermen, and citizens of the City of Man cbest r,' in the county of Lancaster, which we aro minded to do," &c. Then fallow the terms of the grant, as set forth in the mayor's official proclamation. In future, therefore' in the terms of the charter, Manchester is for ev,r hereafter to be, end be called aad styled • city, and to have all such mac, liberties, privileges, and immunititf, as are incident to a city." NAVAL. ADMIRALTY, APRIL 2.—APPOI and( r Drown, second toaster, to Rolla. -Alex PORTSMOUTH, MEHL 3.—Steam was got up on board the Duke of Welliu,iton, 131, screw steam-ship, yes terday, for the first time. The object in view was t) (shun• a preliminary trial of her machinery for the purpase of asvrtaining if the various parts worked With arcutaej. The trial took place in the .team basin, the Duke of Wel lington being lashed alongside the stone quay, and, as far as it went, it is reported to have been very sttisf..ct Colonel Sir Frederick Smith, Commanding itcyal Ei.- aineer of this district, went down to Hurst C.istle in the Sprightly, steamer, y esterday, to inspect the new fort in course of c nstrnetion there. I)EvoNPoRr, Artot 3.—The naval apprentices exercise brig, the Nautilus, under the comm.nt of Com =mitt S. E. Dolling, was taken Got into the chant:el for the instruction of the apprentices, for the hist time for 1-43, on Wednesday last. There are at present a fine at t of boys on board the Impregnable and her tender, the Nan tiles. The exercise brig returned to port the same eveni-tg. The Rhadamantbus steamer, Master J. Bela= ' left for Pembroke on Thursday, but in cons, (pence of the seocrity of the gale, was obliged to return the next day. The Cy clops steamer ' which brought down the machinery for the St. dean d'Acre new strainer, sailed again for Woolwich, on Thursday. The Brisk screw. steamer, has been manned from the Ilcgue, steam gu ird ship for the purpose of testing her machinery and tr . .in: her qualities as a steam seuel, she was taken out on Thurs day. We hear that her speed is KO! %t ry great, but that she is a capital sea boat. The trial is tt be prolaeged. The Hague was paid wages on Wednesday, the S.:.nspareil en Tuunday, and the Edinburgh on Friday. The Sinbad and the Duck lighters sailed yestesday with stores for Wool wich and the eastern yards. The Vulture, Ca;itain F. H. Glossy, went out of harbour yesterday. Toe Quern, Prince Regent, Vengeance, Sidon, Valorous, Argus, Desperate, Magicicnne, Arrogant, Vultuic, Leopard, and Nr.u:iius are in the Snind; and the Irapregaahle, St. (ieorge, reil, Edinburgh, Ilogue, Ithadamanthus, S);ph, As.,a, and Contiance are in the harbour. 310VEMENT3.—At Gibraltar her Afijests's ships Furious and Antelope. Her Majesty'. ship Si;n2.9n vc.th the 76. h Regiment onboard left Gibraltar on the 4'it of March for Halifax. At Lisbon her Majesty's •hips Fire brand and Inflexible, the latter abaut to Lae Lisbon Malta. ARRIVAL OF TILE GREAT BRITAIN. LIVERPOOL, SATCI:DAY. This leviathan ship, which has been anitiotn.s:y ex pected fur some time past, has at h ngth arrived. Altaougig. since the arrival of the Calcutta, adai.ing her sailing bum the Cape of Good Hope on the 28th February, various rumours were circulated at different times, ris to her being " telegraphed off," all were doomed to disappointment till this morning. whets both the semaphore and electric telegraph set at minds at rest, by auticuacing that " the Great Britain was off Holyhead at 6 a.m." She arrived at the bar at 12.30 p.m., where she had to remain 3j hours, owing to the state of the tide, it being low water when she reached it. At three o'clock full steam was put no, and this noble vessel entered the Mersey about trey o'clock, amidst the enthusiastic cheers of thausands, :VStm!Aci to witness her arrival. Owing to the discourtesy of some ot the employes in the office of the Eagle lino of packers (of which the Great Britain constitutes one), we are only able to furnish meagre details. The amount of specie brought by the Great Britain has been variously stated, but the amount reported gateially is 103,732 ounces value about 400,0001. She carried 260 pas sengers, 13 of whom were from the•C.pe of Gaud Hope, 3 from St. Michael's, and 1 from Vigo. Three pass - ..02(rs were Waded at the Cape. Amongst the pa sece p r e tyk on board at the Cape were Sir Robert Stamford, Captain It. King, and Lieutenant J. C. King (Nth), the Hun. H. Asnesley, and Madame Caullett. The Great Britain sailed from Melbeurne on the 4th of January, and on the 6th of February anchored in Amos Bay, where she remained until the' th. On t:.e 10th ot February she anchored in Simon's Bay, where she was delayed nine days taking in coal. She hit Table Hay on the 20th ot February, and oa the 19:h of March arrived in the Bay of St. Michael's, where she remained two days taking in fuel. She sailed from thene^ on the 22a1, and arrived off Vigo, on the Spanish cams% on the 281 h, whi re she laid for two days, and nailed for Liverpool on the 3dth ult.; thus making the voyage, including all detentione, in 88 days. There was only one death on board the Grgnt Britain since she lett Australia, viz. on February 4, Mr. Matthew Heath, a native of Truro, Cornwall. THE GAOL OF NEWGATE. Mr. Davis, the chaplain of Nesvgate, has furnished to the Court of Aldermen his annual report upon the sub- 1 ject of the state of crime in the metropolis. sounded upon' his observation of the condition of the prisoners. lie says, I would venture to suggest that we hArt. tn . .; one court in this rretropulis fur the trial of all prisont rs whose cases re quire investigation before a jury; the benefits of such an arrangement would be very considerable ; old offenders woula be better known. Many are tried iii Surrey, Mid dlesex, Westminster, and at the Central Criminal CAirr, of whose former trial nothing is known at the ether courts. Such persons are, generally speaking, habitual offenders, and their escape of due punishment i, an evil upon society and a great encouragement of crime. Were there but pee court, their seeond offence would be more likely to ue known and effectually punished, but when there are sa many courts, these crafty offenders escape due punishrnedt for a greater length of time, and by so doing ene :tirade i.nd corrupt a greater number of javecile companices. By the concentration of criminal eases in one court, a much greater facility would be afforded of tracing offenders when there is a rumour that they aro in custody. When inquiry has been made at one or two prisons without sumss private parties get discouraged, and they cease ;o per-ue an individual who may have greatly injured them and so ciety at large. Other charges that may be hrouzht egainst persona in custody constitute an important element is the effectual suppression of crime, and whatever tends to put difficulties in the way of following up those charges, should he as speedily as possible removed. It would be a:su a great relief to the many hundreds of tradesmen whs are so constantly summoned on different juries to have their duties limited to one court, instead of being liable to be summoned upon several. With the exception of a very few cave, such as political charges, and others where undue influence may be brought to bear against the individual, rho ah-li tion of the grand jury would generally lateen the expenses of the Central Criminal Court. The witnesses have to ap pear before them, as well as before the court itself, and several days are sometimes wasted in consequence of this d m►lei duty; and after the searching ins: st4ations of the metropolitan and city magistrates, the appearance of witnesses more than once, and that before the court itself entails onerous duties and heedless burdens on the witnesses —heavy and useless expenses on the county rates, and has actually led to the removal of half the cases from the Cen tral Criminal Court, when the professed end would have been so much better answered by this simple expedient. THE WIGAN COLLIERY EXPLOSION. Thesdourned inquiry was resumed yesterday be fore Mr. L. Driftleld, at the National School-reem, Ince green, near Wigan. Mr. James Darlington, one of the partners, had presented 501. to a fund for the relief of the widows and orphans of the deceased, and an eminent firm in Manchester, not wishing their names to be puk4ishul, 2.M. The company have already distributed 39M. among the bereaved families; and Mr. William Laird, of Liver pool, one of the firm, and commercial and shipping ma nager, said they would be prepared to make a further h. nation. Mr. William Lancaster, government iimptetu of mines in Scotland, who is a partner of the company, and sunk the pit in which this shocking occurrence took place, was also present, and Mr. Dickenson, government intrector of the district. . . . Some evidence as to the identity of the bodies having been taken, I of the men employed in the pit were examined, but their testimony was not important. Mr. Dickenson, government inspector of mines, from Manchester, said, in accordance with instruatiens from the Secretary of State, he had made en inspection of this mine and investigated the causes of the explosion. In l‘rd ho had visited the mine, and he then found it perfettiy clear of gas. Since this explosion he had been thrice into the pit, namely, on the 25th, 28th, end 30th ult. In the course of this examination he hail traced out the seurce of the explosion, and he believed it originated in the ;.;:- lion of the workings situate near the top of No. 2 gig brow, north. The centre of the explosion (so for as I et a judge of it from the traces of fire and the effects of the blasts) is in the drift, almost immediately oppt.t.ite tho of the pig brow. This is where it was most intense, and in nearly the whole of this rise was the cool as deeply blistered, and the bodies of the men taken out of them were charred. Tram the vast extent of workings through which the flame has snre-.d there is very little doubt nearly the whole of these .'.rifts and end', fourteen in number, were foul at the time. 1 he flame has passed in t. north-easterly direction to the face of the levels, where it was probably again augmented by ,s fresh accumulation. That would be a distance of about five hundred yards. In the opposite direction it appears to have passed to the bottom of the shafts, burning Loth men and horses, and drivii.g both doors, 'toppings, harms, and meo, all before it; indeed the violencelof the blast has seen the greatest in Lancashire, with one exception, that I hare visited—l mean one at Bardaley, in MI. Sane of the bodies were literally blown to pieces, and of the tatty-eight persons who were either at the battom of the pit or scattered at wido distances in that part of the workings, not one has escape 1 ; and from the fact that 52 of them, or near'c 92 percent., were burnt. may be inferred the ye intity of gas ignited, which perhaps so far as this neighbourhood is conecraca is without a parallel. From all that I could observe, and from all that I could learn, there is no indication of any large outburst of gas to account for the sudden filling of the working:‘. The conclusion therefore fonts ite:f upon mo that the whole cluster of rise workings wss imperfectly ventilated and in a foul state at the time of the exploskn. The men aopear to have been working with sof,: ty lamps, and to ail appearances were going on as roue!. when pro bably the filing of a shot lighted up the stm , •apter.t, and the catastrophe ensued. It has been suggested !,y Mr. Darlington, in his evidence, that the stoppage cf the caps in the shaft, and the slackening of the fire in the furnaces for two or three hours, had caused a partial stoppsge in the ntilatdir . and of the strength of this Jots was taken into:custody. It is of importance to !snow how fax th is r.ay 'arse tended to the ezploal .n. I have, their:Ore inessured iht air ping through ;Le shaft when the :ornate was mt. in oven'. E ,n, and An. it to be 0,000 cubic feet. ,ad there is a diminution of abort one-twentieth (with one of the canes in one shaft and water butt in the other Shaft) a difference far too a:ight to account for the explosion if • sufficient margin were lef; in the extant of ventilation. So lnalified workman was a; pointed to fire the shot., and the precautions the printed rules erjoined appear by the evidence to bare been systematically broken. Scarcely &Ey one seems to bare boticed the air before the shots were flied ; and iuread of the probe wite being used, as ordered in the rules, many of the nt , th do not =N.: . or to have kuown it was intended for that purpose. Smokerf. also seem to tare used their , 1;:es for the •:•,rpose. No steret wss =du et the tnalter, enr, at the .- :.eers of the mine informs us that he smoked. They appear to have winked at it in thu men, and the wen to Lare w!nl . .ed at it in their turn. Ti:e it:4u'.ry wus a , :jouruo.d ibt nine o'c:uck tlight to Thursday next. IRELAND. PCBLIN, APRIL 2. The strength and solidity of the wc.r...-.ltt the Great esiseeially tlto yet ut.finistied r-ofing of the great central hall, hare been severely tested, but with the most satisfactory result, by the storm of the last tao does._ _ i mtlanehotv catavropae mast Iby the II:onn, ec er.rred in the ',tannon en Thursday evening. Three captains of foreign vessels loft As!:caton in a boat, with a crew of five gierson., for the rarpose of reach ing their rtspict:ve vesseis; but tl:e boat was cap siztd by the gi.le, and ail perit.hrd ith the except! 7U of one of the captains, win sueetcdcd in clinging to the boat until he was rescued. James Itoehe, J.P.. the well-known "I. IL" of literary world, and the.anthor of "Essays of as o;:cgenariatn," died yoderday morning at hie resi dence in Cork, at the arcs atm .1 lege of S 3. The •rk Eranthirr save of Lim %vial tiZtli, that ho was "exemplary in every relati .n of life, u 4 n citizen, a magistrate, and a man; tl. a he cas respectedby all chases, and beloved by -,hnuc to whom Lis charity was More than liberat. - The deceased was indeed etc of the most popular. as well as one of the most eminent men in the south of Ireland. THE FATAL COLLISICN Oil TM: I LII OF MAN.— This : , .eestigation arit:ne out of ti. raade by Csyta'm Duncan with reference to th:t and mys tcrious Ai ai'. was brought to C COlSC:l:<t.Cll`.l. , re the Pcltast Tench of magistrates en Thursday. Stversl witnecre.. wno 11:4 teen passengi.rs or sea:sienna bo-r 1 the Minerva at ttlii Cm., of the collision, were examintil, lint their tridence elieitt 1 no new facts. The magiatrater, after consulting, , 7 at c d That they had come to tho chi-% that Captain Lyall should give L di, himself in lON., and two sureties in ',M. each; that the mt.te should give hal!. hitus:lf in SJI., and two sureties in 25!. each; and Shit the two .amen on tL, w;„tch should give Oil:, each in 201., and two sureties in t ach. Bail wai then tcndered, and the court ad journed. MUSIC. ROYAL ITALIAN OI'ER 1. This is the fiat sensor., within cur u.emory, that London has had no Italian opera till the mouth of April. Instead, too, cf our having two great houses, as we have had for the last six rears, it now appears ;hat we shall have only one. ft has tie, n publicly and officially announoi:d that Mr. Rm.:ilea, who was put in possession of her Majesty's lieatre by the Sheriff of Middlesex, has demised the lease of the ,lioatre to Mr. Owe front Lady-day (2 2 ith of March) last. So far, then, the fact is beyend doubt. It is said that the legality of the above transaction will be called in question, and that another Chancery snit will swell the enormous mass cf litigation to which the affairs of the Opera-house have constantly given rise. But, be that as it may, the ;present positicn of things puts every idea of her Majesty's Theatre being op,.nerl this year entirely out of the question. Mr. Gaye, therdore, as lessee cf the Royal Italian Opera, now has the field to himself; he has no cu: petitor in the race. Let ns hope that this will not induce him to " walk over the course," but that he will strain evety nerve with as muol. energy as if he still had an adversary run ning actls . and - neck with him. We do not anticipate any falling off on his part; but all the weild knows (and it has been peculiarly the case in thrcatrical management) how greatly zeal and activity are quic.ioied by competition, and hui: s_tily they are Elskl: en ed by the want cf it. To fall into such a temptation is shortsighted and tiuwi , .e ; but the temptation is dangerous, and requires to be firmly resisted. The opening of the theatre, on Saturday evening, affords scarcely any room for remark. We have ai rea ly made such observations as o Tuned to us on the arrangements of the season as aneounced iu the general prospectus; a document (tom which we gather that not only the members ea the company and of the teteblisement generall-, but also the limas to be performed, will be very much the same as last year. Some new singers are announced to appear, and some new operas to be produced, in the eeuree of the season, which are certainly hut little kraea to fame. They may possibly exceed their reputation, though thy: is a thing whieli very seldom Leri:ens. Several eminent names of last year have disappeared, among which that of 3/laarne Garcia V;ar.ot (aa we have already obeen - ed) is very remarkable ; and a considerable blank is created by the want of Mdlle. Anna Zerr. Many people, - too, remarked on Saturday evening, with more sur prise than pleasure, the disappearance of two such great artists as I'iatti and Botterani front the orches tra. Still, however, a company which posieS{C.:. such sopranos as Grisi, Castellan, Bosio, and Julienne; such contraltos—we were going to say, but there is only one—as Mdlle. Nantier Didiee—a name wholly unkr.own ; such tenors as Mario and Tamberlik; and such baritones and basses as Renconi, Belletti. Formes, and Zelger—must certainly be regarded as a very strong one. Mr, :isiello—the opera chosen for the opening of the henee—is so very familiar to the musical public, and has been so often performed at this same theatre, that there is little or nothing to be said about it. Tamberlik, Formes, and Madame Castellan appeared in their original parts of Masanicilo, Pietro, and E!vira ; and the subordinates were nearly the same as last year. In the important part of the dumb girl Fenella there was a great falling off. Mdlle. Marmot, who perfurmed it, seems lip tie better than a mere dancer. Her personation of the Ciaracter had nothing of tho beauty, grace, and pathos thrown into it last 'car by the ex :rite pantomime of poor Mdlle. Monti, who is snee dead. Tunilre-lik, who had just arrived from Ruseia, showed some signs of fatigue; but his per- Arun:nee, nevertheless, was very fine. No one is so successful as Tamberlik in the character of Mass nicU2. Ills impetuous action, the power of his fea tures, and the piercing, penetrating stridoit (if we may Anglicise an expressive Italian word) quality of his voice, so unlike the voluptuous sweet ness of Mario's ; all contribute to complete the picture of the hot-blooded but kind hearted Neapolitan fisherman, driven to fury an 1 madness by the oppression of the people and the wrongs of hie helpless sister. Nor, proba bly, has Formes ever been surpassed in the fierce and rugged Pietro. Elvira is an insipid personage; but tare is charming nate.e. ;a the part, and Castellan, as eeual, sang it charmingly. In the " mounting" of the piece there was no diminution of the splendour aid completeness for which this theatre is distin gu:shed. The scenes on the sea-shore, where the :needy lazzaroni are Latching their dark conspiracy ender eovcr of gay stags and dances—and in the market-place, where the multitude break out into in surrection—lost nothing of their striking effect, heietened by Auber's wonderfully picturesque and dramatic choral music. The ballet in the first act was got np with greater splendour than before; an improvement in this department being announced as one of the features of the Lcoston. None of the dan cers seemed remaikab:e, taken individually ; but the effect of the tioever.l. wits admirable. Dire was a full house, and the commencement of the scasen was brilliant and decidedly succesafuL SOUTH WALES R EXIENSION.—The ex ten ii m westward of the Sa.s.tit Wales hoe front Carmarthen int) Pembrokeshire i> progrc4sing is the meet rapid man ner. The work is carri:d ou night and dn. It is stated th.): tlie lino will be rt. ly for opcni.:g to Raverfordwo.t by the manth of June,. cu... tint the contractors hnpr to lust° it in w)rking order cnrin 7 the mor.th after.' The bridge er Tit:tact et Car:ttarthon wii: cut nearly 10,0001., n^il will hire two openings, one of 65 and other of 35 feet. The contraction will be t. ;her novel, the part crossin7 the lar,ter !Tan being drawS.4OOIVIIP - ilte line of roils, on a slight incline, so that by Iti t owtionsightuit will be la,:)elled into place again. It5S tobe flaiihca' by Jane neat. The electric telegraph is lwi 1111 (14wn : tho'wholl kirth of Chic hoe, and front Glo::#aftr to Sw.tesen it has been . nr arty de:stud . the cornmsia.ptiter;nllt resels as , far as Carmar then.