The Express. — London, England, 1847-08-31 00:00:00

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Youa mere formalists are the pests and smaines of diplomacy. No negligence, however pun mil mis chievous, annoys, no political crime repels them; they are only anxious that what is done be dose according to etiquette and precedent. Joe MILLER'S Cambridge student, who regretted that, not having had tbe honour to be introduced to a gentleman who was drowning, he could not take the liberty of "avian him, was no caricature of these solemn inanities ad hinderers of business. The proposal to send an English envoy to Remo, has startled a whole cloud of these humming bomb into life and sound, as MEPHISTOPHELES shook the moths into activity when he flung the long un worn fur mantle of FAUST on his shoulders. Timid, doubting, crotchetty, fidgetty, they see a thousand difficulties in the way of such a step, while professing to wish that it could be taken. The impediments which hem them in are about as real and insur mountable as the chalk circle dumbed round the nests of vagrant hens to prevent them from deserting their addled eggs. We are told "it is morally impossible " that the English government can send an envoy to Rome, because the Pope has not recognised the legitimate title of Queen VICTORIA to the throne of Great Britain; because the Pope has not revoked the sen tence of excommunication and deposition put forth by his predecessors against the Queen of &town! and all her adherents; because the Queen with all her protestant clergy, nobles, and people:, ars at,, nually excommunicated and anathematised afesde tee' , disobedience to the Roman pontiff, duly as "..day ' Thursday comes round. As to the Pope's remold= of her Majesty's title, we believe the ieee r gm of her envoy would be the most public and une quivocal ho could make. As to the excommuni cation and deprivation by his predecessors, as neither Queen nor people have felt any bad effects from them, they may be allowed to slumber undisturbed in the musty volumes to which they are consigned. And as to the annual excommunication on Mannday Thursday, we should incline to let it pass as a fak set-off against our English annul solemnities, equally important, of the fifth of November. Seriously: while we should scarcely propose, with the grave writer to whom the public are indebted for the suggestions above enumerated, to exact from the head of the Romish church, as the price of British countenance and support, that he should do public penance in a white sheet, by con fessing that the bulls issued against Queen ELIZABETH " were unwarranted both by the Holy Scriptures, and by the decrees of the catholic church," we would expect that any incivilities, inconsistent with friendly intercourse between the Metes of Great Britain and Roine,should be discountenanced and discontinued by the Roman government. And we have no doubt that the good taste of the Prince Pontiff and his subjects would, of itself, suggest this to them. This is one of the points of form which could be settled before our envoy publicly intimated the character in which he visited The urgency of affairs will not admit of time being wasted upon such dancing-muter preliminaries. There are Austrian troops is Ferrara; and who can say to what, within another week, the irritation of the Roman citizens, or the innate insolence of a domineering soldiery, may not provoke the Austrians P At present, a simple, quiet demonstration by the English government that it makes common cause with the Roman government will make Austria re cede: a month hence, even an English fleet off the shores of Italy may come not to prevent bat to take part in a war. However anxious the cabinet of Vienna may be to crush in neighbouring states those free institutions the mere sight of which may make its own serfs discontented with their condition, it will not deliberately and with forethought violate the territory of independent states for this per pm if England say it is not to be done. But if the cabinet of Vienna receive no significant hint to dada from its insolent conduct at Ferrara, it may proceed to further aggressions, from which pride will not, and engagements contracted with other parties may not, Allow it to recede. In mercy to Austria itself that hint ought to be given. Its own territories require peace to develops their material wealth; and peace they cannot have if their government undertake by arms to repress the of liberal and consolidated institutions in P Italy and Switzerland. The lesson taught by the first French revolutionary government has not been forgotten - to carry the war into the enemy's quarters. When the government at Vienna think of dictating to the Roman sovereign how he is to rule his people, and to the Swiss how their confederacy is to be or ganised, let them reflect upon the unsettled tempers of Hungary, Gallicia, and their own Italian pro vinces. They are provoking a new war between the revolutionary . and conservative principles in Europe: strange fatuity, when it is recollected how little the House of Hapsburg gained by the last ! England, by merely indimiting with which of the . two parties Rif) is disposed to aide, can yet prevent their coming to blows. The King of Paussie is un decided—indeed averse to giving into the policy of Vienna. He is determined to see things for himself in person before he consents to what is proposed. Confident reliance on English support would give to the Italian and Swiss liberals that freedom from ap prehension which frees from impatient anger, and would confirm the King of PRUSSIA in those favour able dispositions towards Pius IX. and his policy Which he is understood to entertain at present. And in to way could such confident reliance be better in spired than by establishing direct diplomatic relations between the courts of Rome and St. James's, oboes • bug all the forms the veriest red-tapists could wish, i provided no time is lost thereby. It will be better foe ministers to do this at once, and seek an act of indemnity afterwards, than to " hold a special session of the legislature to repeal any statute which might serve es se obstacle to the renewal of friendly relations with the court of Rome." Au. partite have been surprised at the unexpected &Muse and fall of the Young Islanders. Their week lies has been sufficiently demonstrated at the general election, when they failed to procure a single seat for any one of their candidates. Their favourite principle, that no Irishman should amp' an office under the crown, ban been spurned by the public voice of Ire land. And yet the Young Islanders themselves seem not to be aware of their want of strength. Reluctant to admit the superior popularity of the men of Con ciliation Hall, they still continue to censure their 'Piecemeal rivals, apparently unconscious that the struggle between them has been decided. They have again addressed the public, and announced their intention of entering afresh ups a eon teat for predominance. They have certainly cat out a good deal of political work for themselves. They have undertaken to vanquish Old lntland, to drive all tories and whip out of the island, and ut terly to annihilate the British power over Abair /*witty. When men, who have met with so ill discomfiture in their attempts, undertake so mei tub, anew, it is no wonder that people beams sup._ tical as to their power of influencing the was* M we now dwell upon the errors of the Young Baledses we do so because the same kind of political Shaw is 00111111011 to other parties in Ireland besides them. Whatever there is of public mind in Ireland is too subject to illusion, and romantic speculation. C4lOl perception and masculine common sense v realities re- realities, or petivetiosugehltif or nem% the wadi commonly talk them sothisimar or visitmerlim and treats them acoodiedy. In their roast address to the Irish public, the Teen Irelanders have shown that they are rattestrldiodyeeption of fact. * For example, in 4l cm Orr:deadens they begin u by lessetleg of intro at= They say dm twee of pubili a tnioa hog the Irian Coallideration to its prhaelpho. to =them wills through country , sod make respected and formidable." Thee wards souk very imelly, bet we can see nowhere peak that be the results of the rent coldest t e= the Old Irelanders. At what hustings did Young Ireland show itself victorious ? In every = where a Young Inlander stood he was de- 1 They cannot point to Mr. Sarre O'Braeres ria-ekoden for Liman& county, as that was brought about by men of all parties, for conive gentlemen naturally preferred that honourable Min,- W. to a wore cypher like Mr. CALEB POWELL. And as little can they take credit for Mr. Arisrxe's re turn, was they have only discovered to be one of themselves since that event. The report goes 111r< to ow, "that the distinctive test of the con folesalien—independence of all English govern ments—him been adopted by influential constituen cies, professed by candidates in the leading cities of Ireland, and widely affirmed by the people." This is certainly not the case. Kilkenny and Waterford are represented by Old Inlanders. In Cork city, Mr. CALLAGHAN, who inceighed against the " distractive test," was returned. In Cork county, the ques tion was mooted, and not three hands held up for the "distinctive test." A chorus of voices, issuing from liberal magistrates, catholic gentle men, and parish priests, cried "No pledges ! no pledges!" Dr. Pow= was elected as an Old Inlander, without any regard to " the distinctive teat." The report goes on to say, that" the principles of the confederation have become familiar to every household, and its causative influence has been re cognisable in the course of public events." To be familiarised with the existence of a political party is very different from placing the least faith in it. In the ewe of Young Ireland, familiarity seems to have had Ito proverbial effect. The report, evidently prepared with care, then censures the repeal policy from 1810. But Mr. OToiraisu., acting on that policy, made repeal a far more formidable thing than (judging by results) the confederation will be able to produce. The members of the Young Ireland party are not in the least degree obnoxious to us. Their literary talents have given pleasure to politicians of opposite parties. We frankly admit that they have many . estimable qualities—they are distinguished by sincerity and the love of truth. They cultivate self-respect more than their rivals f t e a r w r r st s ilar leadership, and act with chivalry of spirit their avowed opponents. For so much they deserve our commendation. We are aware, also, that personally they are regarded with the kindest feelings by many who are very hostile to their opinions. Bat, considering them in a political light, the besetting fault of Irish politicians, the want of capacity for affairs, appears as visible in them as amongst the Irish landlords. The Young Inlanders do not clearly understand the case before them. For example, they say in their report, " Amongst the protestant gentry and profes sional classes the spirit of nationality has grown much of late, and only hesitates to exhibit itself from want of an organised party sincerely favourable to re ligious equality, and pledged against all ascendancy." Now, as to the alleged tact of nationality growing amongst the protestant gentry of Ireland, we are not in the least surprised at it. Their fault has always bees to seclude themselves too much from Irish influences. Their spirit has always been too alien to the land in which their properties are situated. The protestant gentry of Ireland have never hitherto shown that graceful and honourable love of country which so eminently and picturesquely distinguishes the upper classes in Scotland. A want of proper nationality has always been visible amongst the Irish gentry. English travellers, from Arthur Young to Inglis, have blamed them for it. Public men from England and Scotland who have visited Ireland have been surprised at the little knowledge of the country shown by the Irish retry. In other countries a spirit of curiosity as to its antiquities, endgames for preserving and collecting thevanousobjects which illutratethe unwritten history, is commonly to be met with amongst the higher and politer orders. Bat the Irish gentry have been noto riously averse from all pursuits connected with na tionality. They have remained in a hybrid state, neither preserving English habits, nor adopting Irish tastes. Their management of affairs has been un- English and impractical, without becoming Irish in their feelings. We are not rised to learn that they are improving; and certainly they wanted refor mation. To a graceful, temperate, and self-respecting na tionality, no philosophic or statesmanlike imperial ruler could object. Jec l feelings mast always be allowed a considerable sway : nature has willed it so. That vast bodies of men can become imperialised while they preserve their national feelings, has been sufficiently shown by the cases of Scotland and Wales. Even the history of the protestants of Ire land illustrates the same fact in politics. The moral essence of their nationality (we do not speak of their mere gentry) is essentially distinct from English feel ing on the one hand, or Irish prejudice upon the other. In a carefully meditated speech a few years since, Lord JOHN RUSSELL told the House of Com mons that " Ireland should be governed for imperial nationality." Mr. PITT evidently contemplated doing so, as we learn from the very speech, one of his greatest efforts, in which he moved the act of union. That celebrated person had in view the combining various influences together in one harmonious power. To the kind of union which was to subsist between the islands, Mr. PITT was the first to apply, with ex quisite felicity of quotation, the lime— ades son omnibus ass. Nee diverse tames, *We= &meet ease swarm. The choice quotation, than which neither BUREE nor CANNING ever made one more apt to a case in point, has often since been plagiarised. It exactly matches the idea of an "imperial nationality." Mr. Pirr, whose faculty of causality, or power of discern ing principles, was largely developed, exactly under stood the degree of power which might be attributed to local prejudices. While he desired that they should not exclusively domineer to the detriment of the great central authority, neither did he wish that mere English feeling should monopolise (if we may so speak) all the patriotic sensations of these islands. Bat a crude, narrow, and harsh nationality is a very different thing from that moral essence to which we allude. We sincerely hope that the Irish gentry will imbibe a proper spirit of love of country, and become gracefully associated with their native soil, while they avoid the "perilous staff" of a coarse, un diluted, noxious nationality, another name, in fact, for the illiterate and stupid prejudices of the ;Wipe. The scheme of organisation proposed by the Irish 1 confederates is chiefly based upon the plans furnished the Catholic Association and the Anti-Corn-law fige. The application of "the distinctive test" completely nullify their plans. To carry out Am of the least objectionable of them they moat look he blip from parties not disposed to fraternise with them. They propose the diffusion of knowledge, literary, political, and agricultural. They seem to think that, like the Anti-Corn-law League, they have to deal with a reading and think ing people. Their mistake will be discovered before long. It is obvious that the confederates sup that by popular organisation they will be able, like O'CoNtiem. or COBDEN, to achieve a victory for their principles. Bat the principles of emancipation were clearly thought out, and copiously illustrated by such intelligences as BURKE and OnArrac, long be fore O'CoNrtxu. appeared; and free trade was elu cidated by ADAM SMITH and a hoot of acute thimbles before COBDEN'S name was heard. The Irish ow federates, moreover, have not their principles defined, or accurately laid down. The principles which are to decide their practice have never been fixed or arca , tained with clearness. Their views do not squaw' with any known school of Irish thinkers. All the distinguished Irish patriots of the last century in - t ndsd civilisation and social progression within their nationality. The FLOODS and Gasrrses thought that one should be laboured fee as much as the other. The Irish confederates can carry out their plans only by vio lence. They have disclaimed the tactics of the moral force repealer,- Once that tho reign of vio lence will commence in Ireland, the progress of civi lisation will be arrested. And wide is the political - which would announced that they intend to date. their future pulley" in detail, we will rererve further comments for the present. Tus industrial side of art is the one which is likely to be viewed with most interest by Englishmen. Many manufacturers, who cannot at all see the use of &National Gallery, or the importance of previa cial collections of painting and sculpture, are keenly alive to the fact that they have to pay thousands of pounds annually to French designers. A Raphael is, to their eyes, so much painted canvass merely , : but. a tasteful pattern for calicoes, or a popular coniposi don for actable cover, has its appreciable value, visible at once in ledgers, and reducible to an item in the year's profit and los. That good designs command a higher price in the market than bad ones is a fact of some importance. It shows that there is something like an appreciation of art, as applied to manufactures, however partial the appreciation may be. Nor is it to be disputed that this indication of taste is every year becoming more marked. _ To the manufacturer, then, as well as the man of wethetic oultiration, the subject of schools of design is not without real consequence. For those who see in art and its products one great moans of national education these schools acquire a still greater interest. The legislature has marked its sense of some, at least, of these facts, by annually voting a considerable sum for the support of metropolitan and provincial schools of design. But, hitherto, their efforts in this direc tion have not been attended with so much success as had been anticipated and was to be desired. The world has oftener heard of these schools in connexion with squabbles among the masters, than saw their working in more beautiful fabrics or more tasteful furniture. The staff of instructors at these establishments has been continually shifting. Masters have resigned, or been dismissed ; students have grumbled ; directors have remonstrated. London, as the seat of the head school, has always been the focus of discontent. " There never is smoke but there is fire," says the pro verb. The council of the London School of Design in Somerset House has shown its good sense by deput ing a selection of its body to report on the complaints which have emanated both from masters and students in that institution. The report is one well worthy of attention. it will depend mainly on the steps that are taken in conse quence of it whether the Somerset House School of Design is to fulfil its professed purpose of creating English designers who shall compete successfully in our own market with foreign rivals, or to sink into a huge Drawing School, receiving large fonds from the public purse, without doing anything to justify such au appropriation. The committee examined seven regularor occasional ranters of the school, in reference to communications made by members of their body, complaining of the system at preicnt pursued and suggesting various alterations. Most of these complaints involve charges against the present director of the school, either implicitly or explicitly. The result of the method of study carried on under his sanction is not only maintained by the complainants, but acknowledged by Mr. WILSON himself to be merely the production of skilful draughts men and clever copyists. The director contends that this I. the only true and practical function of such a school. The muter. maintain against him that the object to be attained is the education of designers, of men who can not only copy but create, who show not merely skill to reproduce what is set before them, but such a knowledge of the principles and styles of ornamental art as to be able to make designs, varying indeed in the inventive and creative power involved in them,batviolating no canon of sound taste or historical propriety. This is, after all, the great questiou at issue. The other points for the consideration of the committee are of minor importance. Many ioconve niences complained of have already been remedied. The rest may be left to the judgment of the council. But this fundamental question must be settled.—ls the director right, or are the masters right ? The theories held by the one and the other are incompa tible ; and these theories are not mere matters of speculative difference, but go to the very foundation on which such establishments as the School of Design are based. Mr. Witson maintains that design cannot be taught, meaning by design, "invention." Mr. Wit sox was wasting the time of the council in argu ing mach a question. It is obvious that invention cannot be taught; but it is equally . obvious that all design is based upon certain principles ; that those principles are latent in the best examples; that from such examples placed before students, these princi ples may be worked out by an analytical precess ; that students may be called upon to exemplify these principles for themselves, in designs of a specific cha racter proposed to them as exercises; and that thus designing can be reduced to an art and taught as an art, even when the gift of invention is wanting. A BENVENUTO CELLINI will still be a BEN VENETO CELLIST, let the school do what it may. You cannot make CELLINIB in your school. But you may . save us from the inundation of taste lessness and ignorance which is every year Hung upon the country from Manchester and Birmingham and Staffordshire. Yon may familiarise the eyes and hands of the people with works, if not brilliant in fancy and startling by the invention they display, yet at least symmetrical and not vulgar, pure in concep tion, and historically correct. No repetition of mere copying processes can bring this about. Mr. WlL son, in his evidence, shows either a want of re hension, or a want of candour. He keeps fast, • old on the mere preliminary steps of the designer's edu °Mien, as those which alone can be taught in schools. If this be true, all such schools are mistakes, and, therefore, the school in Somerset-house is a mistake, and the money of the country is wasted on an object of no national importance. The course of duties agreed to by the director embraces much that the present director has neg lected. The omitted duties are precisely those of moist importance. The chief of them is thus laid down : " To give lectures upon the history, principles, and styles of ornamental art, and also especial explana tory lectures upon the particular designs in progress." This has been entirely neglected by the present director; yet it is precisely in this part of his work that the principles are to be communicated which are to guide the invention of the student. With out such lectures the designer is at sea. He must be left to his own senearch, or to such brief and incom plete hints as the master may give in looking over the pupil's work. But the present director appears nut to have attended the evening school at all during the last four maths. It is here that the most ed ema almbste ere working ; and it is at this time, if ever, bet ONO Snipe are in progress which would give the amber an opportunity of educing the prinoi plea ben the example, of extricating the law tress the week. And, this duty, agreed to by the directans but left equally unfulfi ll ed, is that numbered 16 is the " To make original drawisga sad daises kw ' the school, and to superintend the reeldeset dim of the some description by the first clan! This duty is only second in importance to the former. It is in the performance et it that the French teachers of design especially show their com mand of the subject, and most completely arrest the attention oi ° their students. In their practice, wlula lecturing on any school or period of ornamental de signs, the lecturer, with the aid of distemper and pre pared paper or canvass, illustrates his subject as he goes along, drawing what he is describing, and thus most effectually impressing the details no less that the principles in the minds of his hearers. Nothing like this is attempted by the present director at Somerset-house. Thais wants must be filled up, and speedily, or the Serenest House School will dwindle into an =pa r sive sad rasa drawing school, or, what is worse, a pad jai. We are reluctantly breed by this.,report to die samba= that the prowl director laeaW inoompelmt to diether e, or in le et sensgebeids tag, the duties he has taken spa him. Ia lie .sa ris in whidis be has seasksed dam lies the tames of that paralysis which bus sleishea into unbeaten this Ile sibissat. so Omsk endowed and is visto 71Lessesked. The remedy is obvious, however Thal as ether remedy will be aided we feel convinced, 11191111 *OM the evidencla the orator himself than from the slightly suspicious objesdeas of the subordinate masters. members of that body attribute to the adriiiminn inspissated cane juice at a fair rate of duty. Their main argument cannot fail to be convincing even to those who are unacquainted with the cultivation and manufacture of sugar. In the sugar colonies labour is scarce and dear, and in this country it is plentiful and cheap. By importingsugar in the form of inspid. sated juice we transfer the process of manufacture from the country where it is expensive to that where it is noriomicaL Viewing the matter in this light alone, our merchants and others connected with the sugar colonies have reason to complain of the slowness of government in fixing the rate of duty under which the importation of inspissated cane juice is to be permitted. But the following letter shows the wanton procrastination of the Treasury in a still more reprehensible light. They have been wasting time without excuse, while they knew that parties who bad actually imported cane J once were suffering loss from their unwarantable delay: Sir,—l imported last year five puncheons of cane juice, upon which no fixed duty is settled. I was informed that it would be subjected to Dr. Um, who would settle the amount of duty. No decision being come to. I was obliged to pay the 14s. duty applicable to sugar. Up to this tiros I have in vain applied, through my merchants, for the fixation of duty, who now write me that " it is /toneless to expert any return from the Customs." The five puncheons of cane juice produced 911. es. 3d. ; the duty is 321. 14s. Ild. The above needs no comment, and it may deter other parties from importing cane juice, and truoting to the Customs.- -Yours, &c., A WEST INDIA PEOPILIETOE..—Aug. 27. Our Paris correspondent, dating Monday, writes as follows:—The King and royal family arrived at the palace of St. Cloud on Saturday evening, having travelled from Ea, by Abbeville, and the Northern Railway. A premed:en has been commenced against the journal La Worme. The denunciation transmitted to the Min later of War by M. Warnery, challenging a judicial inquiry respecting certain alleged official abuses, has been placed in the hands of the Procureur du Roi for the purpose of instituting legal proceedings. The Paris journals of Sunday continue, as usual, to be engrossed with details relative to the late murder and suicide. An article published in a medical jour nal, the Gazette des Hipit tux, on the question of the suicide of the duke by poisco, is transferred at length into the principal journals of Sunday, and extends to several closely printed columns. This article discusses with considerable ability the various hypotheses which present themselves as to the mode of taking the poison, the quantity taken, the time of taking it, the treatment of the accused, the imputed mistakes of the physicians, and the various effects developed in the accused from the 18th until his decease. This article, though interesting, is too long and too techni cal to be reproduced here. The conclusions to which the facts reported tend, may be briefly stated as follows i—lst. That there is no doubt that the Duke of Praslin died from the effects of arsenic swallowed in more or lees rjuantity. This is established by various infallible indications. The poison has been found in all the evacuations, as well as in the internal organs examined after death. 2nd. That the poison has been taken in a single dose. 3rd. That laudanum had no share in producing death. 4th. That the probable epoch of swallowing the arsenic was the evening of the 19th. (It will be remembered that the murder was perpetrated early on the morning of the 18th.) sth. That the effects produced by the poison were for two days mistaken by the medical men for those of cholera. It is proved that arsenic produces effects in general similar to cholera, and that cholera is now, to some extent, prevalent in Paris. The prognostics of a political crisis in Spain an glaring.. The secrecy in which the recall of Narvaez has been wrapped at Madrid is remarkable. Neither the journals nor our private letters received for several days after his departure from Paris betrayed any consciousness of that fact; and, even so recently as Sunday, our Paris correspondent received letters say ing that Roe de Olano had left for Paris with despatches for Narvaez, while the Bayonne corre spondence of the same day brought the intelligence that Narvaez had arrived in that town on the evening of the 23rd, where General Boa de Olane was waiting for him, having come by post from Madrid to meet him. The two generals left for Madrid together at an early hour on the morning of the 24th. The Pharc lea Pyrenees says that, so far from returning to Madrid to establish a dictatorship and the regime of the sword, as some of the progresistas think, the object the Duke of Valencia proposes to attain ie a coalition of all parties sincerely disposed to secure the continuance of constitutional government, to put an end to the distractions which endanger the throne, and to bring the palace question to a satis factory solution. This happy consummation cannot, however, be relied on with certainty, es may be seen from what is said by our correspondent at Madrid, where, at least one section of the community—that whose opinions are represented in the Clamor—enter- 1 tain very different anticipations of the Narvacz policy. The Madrid journals and correspondence of the 24th, state that Narvaez was expected in that capital on the 26th. Private letters say that a despatch from M. Pacheco awaited the rneral at Bayonne, in which the former informed him that he only retained the office of president of the council until his arrival; that the government was offered to him without limita tion or condition, with full liberty to pursue what course he might deem to be best for the country. The same letters say that Gen. Roe de Olano was the bearer of a despatch to Narvaez from M. Salamanca. A pamphlet had appeared, in the form of a letter from Don Henrique to Queen Isabella, on the political condition of the kingdom. The genuineness of this document was discredited. El Clamor Public° gives the following programme of the new cabinet : —Narvaez, President and Foreign Affairs; Salamanca, Finances; Sotelo, Marine; Cordon, War; Roe de Olano, Interior; Vahey, Jus the I and Recosurs, Commerce and Public Instruction. The announcement of this intelligence on the Paris Boom gamed a sudden and considerable rise. The Threw ran to 27i. Advice, have been received from Catalonia to the 23rd. That province continues to be overrun by Montemolinist bands of formidable numbers. The actual number enrolled is estimated at 7,000, but their movements are crippled by the want of funds and materiel. The report of the capture and execution of Cabrera is not confirmed. The internal communica tions in Catalonia are rendered so impracticable by the state of the country, that a company have orga nised a water communication by steam-boats between Port Vendres and Tarragona, touching at Barcelona. A detachment of custom-house officers going from Vendrell to Tarragona were surprised by the insur gents. Two men only escaped ; all the rest, with horses, equipments, and arms, were taken. The movement in Italy continues. Letters from Leghorn of the 23rd state that on the preceding day there was an imeute produced by the popular excite ment arising from the proceedings at Ferrara. The population assembled on the Piazza Grande, in Leg horn, and demanded with loud cries the formation of the national guard. The governor of the town re paired to the spot, and addressed the populace in con ciliatory language, after which they were about to disperse peaceably, when a company of the Carbi neers presented itself, with the apparent inten tion of interfering. The people instantly rushed upon them, and a ..w.unle ensiled, in which the sol diers were speedily disar me d and trampled down. The greatest excitement then prevailed. Alarm was spread through the town. Proclamations of a violent kind were everywhere posted up, ia mid* a change of ministry was demanded, and the formation of a corps of volunteers to march against the Austrians who occupied Ferrara. Even the cautious and timid organ of M. Guizot and Louis Philippe, in announcing this news, dares not, in the face of the French public, yield to its evident inclina tion, or rather the inclination of its masters, by openly denouncing this effort of an outraged nation. It only regrets that the object aimed at by the people of Leghorn was not attempted by petition. By petition ! The Debate very well knows the comparative efficacy of petitions and such demonstrations as this. The Alba, a Florence journal, says that rather than yield to the Austrians, the pontifical cabinet has de termined, if necessary, to transfer temporarily the seat of government to Bologna. Letters from Bologna of the 21st say that the papal government is resolved to resist with firmness the Austrian invasion. Troops are already on the march from Rome towards the frontier. Two com panies of Swiss guards, with artillery had left for Ferrara. - the people entertained for the Swim troops has disap peared since they have shown their willingness to march against the Austrians. It is said in these let ters that the number of the Austrians in Ferrara has diminished, a part of these troops having retired into the citadel. Nevertheless, reinforcements of the im perial troops continue to be concentrated on the left bank of the Po. The rural population of the papal states are fired with the same enthusiasm as has been manifested in the towns. The pea ants everywhere flock to register themselves in the rolls of the national guard, and loudly proclaim their hos tility to the Austrians. The focus of the retrograde party is the Duchy of Modena. Here they assemble and.menace the liberals; and if reports are to be credited have already, in some instances, burned their houses. The report of the liberal policy said to be decided on by the King of Sardinia had not reached Rome at the date of the last advices ; but anticipations of such measures were entertained there. A letter quoted in the Semaphore of Marseilles, avers " that the pontifical government is disposed to defend the independence of the states energetically. A camp of observation is to be established at Forli, and Colonel Bini's battalion of chasseurs, with a divi sion of fusiliers, was to march on the 21st for the Romagna. The government, therefore, have thought it necessary to make an active demonstration in the face of Austria and her invasion. Five or six thou sand men have already assembled at Ferrara, the Prince of Axis having arrived with troops, and the garrison awaits fresh reinforcements." The some letter mentions that the cabinet of Turin had strongly protested spinet the occupation of Ferrara. The support of England by a fleet in the Adriatic was also spoken of. It is remarkable that none of these rumours breathe the slightest expecte , tion of aid or countenance from France in support of the cause of progress and enlightenment To what depths is France doomed to sink under the Louis Philippe-Guizot regime! Truly the three glorious days have brought forth sad fruits. The cabinet of Vienna has at length so far )ielded to the 'treasure of public opinion as to open its mouth in a semi-official organ in explanation of its proceedings at Ferrara. Lest we should be said to distort or mis represent it, we shall give verbatim the manifm•to which it has deigned to place before the eyes of Europe in the columns of the Austrian Observer. The article 103 of the act of the Congress of Vienna (says that journal on the 25th instant) wives his Majesty the Emperor the right of garrison in the towns of Ferrara and Commachin This right has always been exercised by Austria in a manna more or less extensive, varying accord ing to circumstances. In times of tranquillity, the garri.on of Ferrara has been reduced to the lowest number, but has always been reinforced when requisite for service. Very recently, considerations, the opportuueness of which can be denied by i none, determined the commander-in chief of the imperial troops of the kingdom of Lom bardy to march a battalion of infantry to Ferrara, with half a squadron of cavalry and half a bit tea of artillery, to reinforce the garrison. On their arrival these troops were distributed between the town and in the barracks. Some Where who could find no room in the barracks were obliged to take up quarters in the houses of the neighbourhood, where they paid for their lodgings. During the night from the tat to the 2nd an officer returning from the town to the citadel was attacked by the populace in a street of Ferrara, and the minds of the population faro in a high state of agitation. Excited by the public press, and by the clubs, this agitation was increasing daily. These cir cumstances placed the, commander under the imperious necessity of ordering a service of patrols far the night, to pre vent all further disturbance of public tranquillity, to ensure the safety of the troops, and preserve a free communication between the citadel and the barracks. Count Auesberg hastened to communicate this mea sure to the Cardinal Legate of Forma, though it was but the result of the right of garrison, and ren dered necessary by the circumstances of the moment. The Cardinal Legate considered himself bound not on'y to oppose it but even to protest against it. (Here follows the protesta tion of the Cardinal L , Rate.) In consequence of the facts above mentioned, and the right of the commander of the fortress to send patrols not having bees limited by any con vention, the military authorities could not take this protesta tion into consideration ; and since that time the service of the patrols has continued without iuterruption. Such is the Austrian version of the affair. To this it is necessary to add that the incident of the officer attacked on his way to the citadel, which is the alleged origin of the aggression of Austria, was denied by the Cardinal Legate, and it is affirmed that the whole affair was trumped up as a pretext to occupy the city. Moreover, that although the occupation of the citadel might have been tolerated as the mere maintenance of the stain quo, the barracks in the town were not ander the same conditions. - - - The following statement of the circumstances which led to the present liberal policy of the pontifical go vernment is given in the Augsburg Gazelle of the 25th inst.: The internal relatioes of Rome have lately been the ob ject of discussions which show so inexact a knowledge of the facts, that it becomes necessary to state what is true in this affair. The most important point is, that Cardinal Ferretti, ae well se his prechcemors, have formally declared that in no case will the pontifical government rilicit the interven tion of a foreign power. The cabinet of Rome said there was no other means of supporting the government than by frankly taking into consideration the complaints of the reform party, or to solicit the intervention of a foreign power that the former coarse had been adopted, because the latter had been considered impracticable. There upon Austria immediately declared she would let Rome act as she should think fit; that Austria would, at the utmost, fortify her position in Lombardy. Austria, who never in terfered in the *Mara of Italy, but on the formal demand of the interested governments, remained faithful to this prin ciple, and when the Pope clearly manifested his will in this respect, Austria did not hmitate for an instant in making this declaration. France declared she would not interfere in the affairs of the Roman states, and that she should consider her self obliged to take such a step only in case another power should interfere without the previous demand of the Pope. The result is, that if, in consequence of such a demand, • foreign intervention should take place, it will .meet with no opposition from Fiance. It also 'vaults that France will not protest against the power who should thus interfere when called by the acknowledged right the Pope has of demanding foreign intervention. If France had not been perfectly con vinced that such a demand would never be made at Rome, she would have most carefully avoided giving an as surance which seemed so premature. Thus both France and Austria were convinced the holy see would in no case demand the assistance of the foreigner. Rad the Gre gorian parts, viz., the party of the reaction, known this fact, they would never have conceived the insane project which is attributed to them. According to general report, the plan ' of thin party was, in exciting a tumult on the occasion of the commemoration of the amnesty, to push the pretensions of the liberals to the last extremity, and to provoke the repo- Ritmo of • constitution of the most radical kind, to destroy, in the Pope, the taste of progress by the sight of violates* and revolt, and to bring him in this manner to solicit tante la- I tervention, in order to re-establish public tranquillity. This I plan, supposing it really existed, evinced an uI *woosses of the facts and of the character of the primgal pelemm! age. For any impartial observer must have seen that it tie first part of the plan had succeeded, it was • hundred le Gee that the affair would have turned to the profit of tha Eases* ur else the Pope would have yielded to the preterites of the liberals, and granted all they asked ; or, again, le ac- count of the enthusiasm of the masses for the Pope, a com promise would have taken place, which would have damp poiated, in the most singular manner, the reactionary party. Never would the Pope have dreamt of soliciting • foreign intervention. According to these considerations, this pima was actual madness. We could, indeed, conceive that a party, working in darkness, and excited by passion to em brace the most violent means, could have formed such a plan ; but to believe that a well-informed government could have a share in such a ridiculous scheme, we must have the most convincing proufs of its unskilfulness and incapacity. MADRID, Avo. 24. A new fact has issued from the leaden cloud of doubt which has hung of late upon the ministerial councils. Mos de Oleno has been de patched to Paris with full pavan to ' offer the presidency of th e council to Nanati. Tiln WOW ingimportaint Article of theelamor will confirm to yen what I I have already announced from private sources of lihensation upon this subjert. "It appears that at the class hat week • meeting of the leading influences of the day iwallt plaim, to discuss the critical position of affairs. Various woe the opi nion, upon the means to be adopted to extricate hen pore and confirm the puritan government. After a hug end hot debate, in which all the gna t patties slim eively rejected , frees befog of the questions in sgitelha Is sempiser s a le and lattlei , a, it was inmaskimarly apnea Seitths ' arrived for creating a goosewit dine* Ma WWII& aft tonhip, whose sword should eat tha genies lasted ihaskaa non, and restrain within just bow* tine pioniniins of ail the belligerent parties. For this sateepaise r aaoypured fitter than General NUMMI, AM a Nan isteen to sport with the fate at inadentiena f a vtaftwo best flatters his ambition. . This paha of . t mission was given to Senor Ens de Cllrst i - s' Lj he a a s Paris, sad proposing to General Maresca the if the council, under certain condition*, to mho the opposition of all parties, counting on the unmet and °middens:is of the crown. We hear that Climerd - lee de Olano started on Saturday to fulfil his uhalea, with fall powers to complete this ministerial nageeislinn. " We are likewise assured that varionsparbens dwelt in the meeting spot the neoessity of getting rY completely of the parliament, aid dispensing with the sentrol of th e laws he some yeses to some, till the sew order if titings=le be setahkinhad is the psaisiesks shall have bees In the piewenelea that this &Aran system, followed awes 1843 by all ministers, had assastemed the people as with isilAnnerse `lice r•o=111"." exoduses of these details, everything induces us to believe that it is en design to organise a government of terror, and to impose upon a nation of fourteen millions the will of a hand ful of ambitious men. As we do not wish to have it sup. posed that our friends (the Clamor repreeents the Cortina fraction of the prodresista party) have contributed, either by their impatience or want of decision, to bring so great a calamity upon thin country, the time has come to divulge tha following frets: —l. The most actable progresiatsa, including Senor Cortina, bad firmly made up their minds to accept power, if it had been offered to them under honourable con ditior.s, and to govern in conformity with the rigid principles of order, justice, morality, toleration, and constitutionalism which they profess. 2. No formal proposition was made to them in this sense. 3. The few aid ambiguous insinuations which were made to them (none by the Queen nor in her name) appeared to have for their object to offsr power, to be exercised under the same understanding u by the pre sent ministers—a position which no loyal end consistent member of the progreeista party could admit. 4. If they had obtained the confidence of the crown, they gave them isehreacredit for panellising the strength, the support, lad all thp means necessary for resolving all the question at pre. spat in agitation to the satisfaction of their Queen, and in conformity with the interests of the Spanish people. 5. If, in unsequence of the erroneous course which is now being eca.. kwed, grave disorders in the monarchy should supervene, the progresista party will rest exempt from all relonsibility, slither friend nor foe being able to charge it with holding back from o ffi ce in these critical momenta of trial and peril. ' This announcement of the design to restore the Nereus dictatorship, and solemn diem.. of responsibility on the part of the constitutional progresie•ae, will perhaps give a mere expressive outline of the critical posture of Spain at this moment than anything else which I could send. You see that it confirms perfectly what I announced to you about the nature of the offers which had been made of office to Cortina, and the reason why theie wer.e not accepted. If the design announced is carried into execution, the pontiff of the puritans will have betrayed his country. The return of Name: to power would be infallibly the signal for a new civil war, which would deluge the country with blood. FRANCE. A NEW INFERNAL MACHINE. A mall explosive machine was tried on the Boulevard des Italics. on Friday evening at eight o'clock, on the footway in front of the Cafe de Paris, a place which at that hour is always crowded by the Parisians seated and promenading. The following are the particulars :—This explosion was pro ' dueed by the inflammation of an oak box, covered with paper, containing, independently of the fulminating powder (nitrate of silver), projectiles of different kinds, pieces of broken bottles, Ste. The person who had caused this box to explode, by throwing it on the pavement, was immediately apprehended by several persons who were walking near the spot, and by the police agents. lie is about thirty yearn of age, and was decently dressed. " Do not hurt me," exclaimed he, on being seized, " and conduct me to the µuard•house." Fortunati lv no one met with any injury. The horses of carriage then before the Café de Paris reared on hearing the explosion, but they were mesterei' before they had time to cause any accident. Di&ats. EXTRAORDINARY CASE OF ASSASSINATION.—AR extraordinary case was brought a few days ego before the Court of the Assizes of the Haute-Vienne. A little boy, aged only 11, was accused of haying assassinated his sister, by pushing her into a rivulet, and his mother in-law was in dicted for instigating him to the commission of the crime. The female prisoner married a man, named Barbet, and had a child by biro, who died of the email pox. The woman thought to at the infant had caught the disease from the daughter of her husband by a former wife, sad she was frequently heard . to threaten to be avenged on her. Several times she urged the brother to push his sister into the water, declaring that if he did not she would drown him. At length the little boy went out one day with his sister, and on arriving near a rivulet pushed her into it as she was stooping down to drink. She was immediately carried away by the current and drowned. The jury acquitted the little boy, but declared the WOOlll3 guilty, with extenuating cir cumstances, and the court sentenced her to imprisonment in the hulks for life. . - A TRAGEDY.—An attachment existed between M. B—, a weal by young manuficturer of Liege, who was held in general estimation, and Mdlle. D—, a young lace worker. A few days since—a quarrel had for some little time kept them separate—the young lady, no longer able to hear his absence, wrote to M. B , that unless she saw him by 8 o'clock on Monday morning (Aug. 23), she would have ceased to live before the day was ended. It is net known why, but the T ouno man was prevented from going until half-past 11. Ihe door was locked, and when broken open the young girl was found insensible. Assistance was procured, but in yak ; she died at G o'clock the same even ing. Taking advantage of the opportunity while all were at tending upon the young lady, her lover hastened to a carbine society, of which he was a member, asked for his carbine, and shot himself. His father arrived an instant after, but it was too late, and he died an hour before his unconscious lover. ITALY.—NAPLES, Arc. 13.—Yesterday, about noon, the Comtesse D'Aquila, presented her consort with a ion. The infant prince was christened to-day is the ora tory of the state apartment of the King of the Two Sicilies by a private chaplain of their Majesties. His Majesty King Ferdinand the Second stood godfather to him, by proxy, in the name of the King of the French. He received the names of Philip Louis Ferdinand. The corps diploinalique, niaters, and high dignitaries of the kingdom, were present at the christening, and were afterwards admitted to present their congratulations to the Count and Countess of Aqui/a. MAGDEBURG, AGO. 27.—The Commienion of Naviga tion for the Elbe, which is about to meet at the request of Hamburg, will be called upon to adopt measures for the reduction of the duties on merchandise, raised no less than 14 per cent. in 1842. The increase of these duties originated in the transfer of what are called the Recognitions- Gebiihren from the vessels to the goods. The calculation upon which an additional duty of so much per cwt. was iris. posed upon goods carried by the vessels of the Elbe, in order to compensate the governments for relinquishing a rate of so much per ton on the vessels themselves, was made upon such a principle that the duty upon goods was increased to three times its original amount. The merchants of Magdeburg have been the principsl sufferers by this arrangement. They find it now more economical to import their wares by way of Stettin than by way of Hamburg ; and even then their expenses are so muck increased (and their operations, consequently, so much cur tailed), that houses which formerly employed 12 to 1G tot. vellen employ now not more than 4. Nordhausen and Zittau, and several other manufacturing towns in Saxony, find it lets expensive to receive their twists from Antwerp and Cologne by a long lend carriage, than by the Elbe, with its heavy duties. The carrier traffic on the Elbe has so much diminished from this cause, that the navigators can scarcely earn enough to support themselves and families. AMERICAN AND ENGLISH lOCRNALS.—The reliance an American candour and love of fair play which prompted on to publish, on the 6th of July last, our strictures on the reckless abuse of America in which the Times delights to indulge has not been disappointed. The following remarks upon that article, and one of a similar tendency which ap peared in the Wiltshire Independent, have appeared in the Nem , York Courier and Inquirer, and ahnw that if our country does not remain on • civil and cordial footing with 1 our kinsmen acmes the Atlantic it must be its own fault ' It shall be our pride to rival the distinguished journal from which we qnote in our efforts to keep alive in the memory at the kindred people the strong visions they have to cults vallagangsmi reerest The sannoseete et this pew le Liebe. after fruitless applies .. a tier hattm news sad ether lades prints for a on ray YAW MS Is the dies .I*. Doily News to shoo Se s Lie hetes rime le thseselen of the Times ; sad be* ✓onsoret, vales every mite rule 08 the a ces es wee hie home walk t oar nose in its pladeit isp li z ur. bee been Ned Bass mike ewe le retrial cots the hilloPomisme Ms alle Biwa gees to Aselo-Keidoseheloses leer, see glee ewe, hos petalled stelae ear eerie, tees thee ler all els there eor teeth re vie eery flee' hew ow teseres est lee mew* ithin tes presseeftlsegremsff tee meat el eel we b.l w eis the esemeiss a Mee of t= eel arose ell tele burehe le all the yet Levees at both. Wet they ell de tie gee a vett It we least wee bee Ns ease bas mon it Yea time elk le eettesto kW hemp Meese the Pm* et gm tee leech. am 01111101 , 118 eh tie es hem beta sham we bee arsons Is the ea et the poet et Amines le Wh eats Madly teisliena with aloes Then orseen ere sir sar tee lathe; lei la waste with whoa we lee OM erliegen. Is all that is gerisetta Bali Wary Or in hos 17th eatery. Be the •210418M81 Wel whllo pomp@ re posipte . e the Unite Sele ass se hem et Ireesse less war Wed rebels at in. )seem *ad vilest We* seers, bussie . esese for, and no. meld ems. It to he Ileehell ho west weer shs will hate oar lierielp et am siossite. The pees Odle Mese is simple jades ; 1~ sorsa he to be the heti of bee.seattneed abuse faureled a t eiberste steers. We lsok toe seri kelps sel leis abuse lainsiter, Cbt Court. Despatches from the Governor of Ceylon, from the Governor of the Cape of Good Hop•, from the Lord High Commissioner of the lonian Islands, and from the Governor of Mahe, were received yesterday at the Colonial-offiee. Despatches were sent off last evening from the Colonial office for the Governor of the Cape of Good Hope. Sir John and Lady Strachan arrived at Blackly'll on Saturday afternoon, by the General Steam Navigation Company's steamship Sir Edward Banks, from Ostend. EXPLOSION OF THE CRICKET STEAMER. INQUEST ON THS SUFFERERS. At 11 o'clock yeeterdey Mr. Bedford, coroner for Weeteinster, aaaaetaed inquiry into the cause of death of the five peones els how aged from the late calamitous explosion nebula the Crider* steam-bat The inquest was held in the besmiteas of Bt. Martin's workhouse, where two of the mann (Littleton and Blunt), were at first pined, nth weather the they of John Beckley, taken oat ea thensoday. ea the anew ads, had enbenueody been rir swawni, it the peeper et bang incline& in the new ill' query. The previews et* , ben wen reeneenie ea the occasion by I. - Marin Cbaabeek sat by Mr. Dane, their solicitor. Moan Joyce, the waken of the belles, were represented by Mr. Rittman's, ealliaar, et klerciate street. The following is a list et the deemed 'WM Thomas Shed, aged 14, the call-boy, et liew4treet, Covent wden ; John Littleton, 33, torte , of 6, BloosuF frtu y-street, Broad-street, Bt. Giles's, ring a widow ; George Shute, 24, costermonger, of Driver's -building. , Mile-end, tearing a widow and two children ; John Blunt, 22, single, watchmaker, of 2, Trellick-terrace, Vauxhall bridge-road ; John Barkley, 18, single, engineer , of 9, Hitlatreet, C Ica: Whiney!? tIIOTO 15 1111. puuuu SLUM& Sa• too subject to illusion, and romantic speculation. lence will commence in Ireland, the progress of civi- roan "" '"guuY 44 °Immuu , "Jecliuno 0. the Austrian invasion. t roops are lUrtmuy uyo m Calm perception and masculine common sense are heation will be arrested. And is the political march from Rome towards the frontier. Two tom - the persuasion that the arbitrary system, followed dose Y'la'Mi. leet widow and Iwo children ; John Mum, qualities rarely visible in Irish political !series. Yet difference between a regal of the wide nunio which would panics; of Swim guards, with artillery, had left for 1 1 .02... 84 k 3 : b iasad y l ai ltcomirtrow asiaisters, to th r 4 =tmar pesele to 2 Trellick-tcrrate ! Va fts distinct perception of foot is the special mark of precede civilisation, an that which would be Bohan- Tax extracts which we published on the 7th inst., Perrara. They were escorted from the city by the indiffere it nee upon the ; Biskley, 18, single, engineer, of 9, enalsetta pa t hos] genius. When men show that their quent to it . There are many in Ireland who would from the annual report of the Committee of West .. niece amidst cries of Vira Pio Nono ! Another :4;u., to to a a r m .177ffirwy sail te = es'''',"",=='•"seatlinn""—wars aid *o w , w h o , of observation have beoome obtuse, and when support the latter, though they would resist the Indian Merchants and Planters, will have shown our ... yof the mime troops had marched into Romagna, gi daion hi p the 1 , 41 , 0 1, 1 " g the if boa gosh of hews was. t h s ya m eeme ftbers, = irs oonduct ru l e d by mer e hopes not based on former to the last. But as the confederates have readers bow much importance the most intelligent for the frontiers of Ferrara. The aversion which the the dominating party. Without vouching for the peaks (Was of Mob artillsk)* *e Obiagresis THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 31, Mr.