The Express. — London, England, 1848-12-26 00:00:00

iu ami. fly t e t bit DI imam pointed il l . fair, incident, • I P IO the r indeed or oft: , judos, s sick of al pie t a. here ew es flawless [lowness, urbuleot it Owa I e preossi .chief is semnfal 41 is the of 11T. P. Their itenersi, 'IA esp.- lisrseter, mat torosgbly now how ti.d co rn . enmisios dente yd led them as but s ted belie[ Mn,iM ie lumbar beams, they ts. old weak sesteuts. ". was a rttax, sa r depart. r.d gag, of pia• rholly law The whole there are has politi rndin d had bras rea 1100001. cabby rant. 10b01000 Of sultry sad at a small and helf• imprint t thr. they *eked, is insed•say assosist the caw o Rive any al simper otoctlists, theatricals: ri as all In doll water of rtairi kind. cople were noidered it ter. Woes • IS Ptore • away— + to ease ral ways of tried, and Ireland has lag th• lad U - setsWesely Surely, a disssuves sl ia as mach grimace purchase d .use that has the system rat. d by en antagonistic. s nentlensea :Ake its ope ,e.s. At on• •nsoeney ; at ornt in the without the be soldiers; nents:i , y the of society. ititiah array that during to very is tv:ie"e, it is te,ebt Indian ale advent of by sale, of to the aboard of this absurd ih army; on o its and of •13 f.,reat, and •,1 puretmee bare tar more err inbufficient Tre rr.• n who d whet ri,e by 4 lishmen. sod of their ram. t ert.ergenCWe. of their nutter pU t in a man a anld;er , whew re erne MOOS al At Maneher are euratraal sr railer/ are re all uss*VPS r, in evila leer in Wien, modem of bar • all COW " I awe than IN ruv woa be i more egoist ', at al r wen% .h t ie ut ariatr ded Keh l& tenet twaddle' clam minting or the 11°4 Bri'ish s'lo7 to rf toe ammo . E. ere, it in h e ' at constitute* a ' • b.tt in rr"" 14p...bit arena thts dad prr rely to make its Lion in the le don' Sal the ir the tan gicei , ntent by meats coainund.t-ur aid a dolt fur * • ill soy &Pre Lou of multme• men of 1.10111 eel seen little money usto the army; and thus, by e s open , ' habits that have been banded on the ~s t i o s, it reins halt of them era they have well maahood. Let any one acquainted with the ; o wl o most watch the Friday nights' military Garottes am may thus is trace the ruin and evne y sad rowans deaths which this system is causing; gad bow these effects of the system are rapidly in. ell b Putteete rl Y in the cavalry teltuants and in the hensehold troops. yew after yew the expenses at meson in all oar • we ek regimenta have been going on increasing. Why? Beams el the notion that the akar*, having g et their commission by punch ice, are g‘litionson per ..snore, and must consequently bye like a magma The habits thus cultivated at mess pee. west of their actions; and horses, betting woks, and mistiest**, long ago forced out of Lord &Winos the exclamation that unless the entrees. I wo of its officers were arrested, the British army would be reined. Is ass. regiments these habits do • not bat then they are not " crack regiments ;" they i egimmits to be avoid, d ; regiments officered be • mo bs." And thus the evil habits of the most popu lar regiments have a tendency to disparage the most wful tygiseeete. a If ingenuity were directed to devise a system of debauchery, by bad example, of the whole British ar my, it could not have hit on and more competent er ne than the household troops. For there extra legint habits ins.ifferab'e pretensions, and individual ig atigaey rule with almost undivided sway amonget is younger officers. These regiments constitute, in of fact, a sort of university in which to educate lounger branches of the aristocracy, and of good Nadirs, in the world of London—that world, me at* of high living and I,w morale—of opera hales sod Tattersall's, of the saloons, of courtezans, sad of the Derby, of lease balls and of steeple 'hoses, of its parks and billiard rooms. They con =in and about the metropolis, and there ise and destroy some of the finest young men of the bast blood in England. And this under the Fe tes/re—the mi-erable pretence—of guarding the sove reign sod protecting her Majesty's palaces and the public build gs ! Young men do, we know, escape Ace this Maelstrom of vice; but that is owing, not to the system in which they have been whirling, but to tin strength of their own character. It is due alike to the crown and the people of Eng land that this system of household troops should be revised; and no revision will be worth a thought that does not include the abolition of purchase in them. THE Times,in its first notice of Mr.Coansa'a letter, while it "congratulated him on the felicitous hoid ens with which he laid his finger es a straw point— = a round sum in figures, and a round feet m his. concluded the paragraph whisk contained this amphora by refusing to concede "that 1833, a year el forced and even fictitious semseeny, achieved by sounding works, and by selling stores, and which also brought increased expenses for the future, is a fir basis of measurement." We have already 0-1 two occasions, one of them ems days before the publication of Mr. COBDEN', Lao, endeavoured to explain bath in a general point if view, sod more particularly as regarded the redo , ties d ear army and navy expenditure, why the can lard d 1833 would be a judiei us limit for the advo cate of retrenchment to adopt. Even if other yeses bed supplied examules of greater economy be particular branches of the national ou , lay, still the choice of the year 1833 would have been expedient, for the simple reason that be thtt year the current annual expenditure, exclusive ef the interest of the national debt, as well as the fetal amount rf taxes levied, was less than it hod been at ray period daring the lot half century. It was in 1833 that the attempt to roam to a pesos expenditure, and to abandon the extravagant system commenced in 1793, produced the most marked result. We mightsay, Weed, that withthe wise sad temperate views which do Mr. COBDEN SO mach honour, and which, as disclosed in his hear, have already made so profound as impression on the public, be had in het so sheneative but to point t , the furthest point of a fros attained by the economists who preceded . . list it is neceesery to *emu% at the same time that es year 183.5 had but a very trifling advantage is Piet of econnmy over some of the adjacent rem The terms in which the neer demurs to steeptuer the outlay of 1835 as " a fair basis of asps meant " might lead any ou who was unfamiliar with the subject to infer that there had been in that years sudden and marked contraction of the ezpendi tare of the state, follow. d by as sudden an expansion, when the calculations for that year were found to he laminas. But such is not the fact. The expenses of 1333 and 1834 exceeded thew tif 1835 by a very trifling amount ; the inter by about 350,.'001, and the latter by shat 500,000/. So that either of th' se years would lave been practically as gond for Mr. Coterie:es &ma mma as the one he selected. Mr COBDEN bilinear MO care to refer to the year 1830. " a time who ri this nation was still under the rule of the borough- Imogene," as supplying a "startling argument in hew of his plan," its geeeral expenses being he than three of the peat year by no hie a sum than 8,723,0001., or within a mil ban and a quarter of the redurioe he hen pu reed. Mr. COBDEN might, if he lited, have referred is other and earlier years, when the borough mongers were supreme, and reform hopeless, for saircele less itrikiog corroborations ot his views. In 1822 the riral *mono s of the state were but 20,826,00" L le 1818, the year after the resumption of cash in state the amount wes eery nearly the Mink.. K 843,0001. Or taking the 20 years from 1817 to 1838. we find the average of the general experts of eovernmeet, to have been 20,496,0001.; or six mil lines and a Reuter less ti an those of the past year. , Or not going further bark than the era, when in hswever lame and imperfect a fashton retrenchment m well u reform really c =mewed: t. a. the year 1828. we shall place in a st.ll stronger light the extravagance of 1848. In 1827, the cost of government, exellosive of debt, amounted to 25550,0001. In 1828, alter tee acme-ion of the Duke ef WELLINGTON to the premiership, the general. z rues wets only 21.407,0001., or a reduction of more than four millions on the previous year. By 1830, they had been redeem' nearly three millions and a half more. Lard ALTHORP then came into office as Chancellor of the Exchequer. He followed up shadily, in accordance with his own notions. the retrenchment on vigorously commenced by the Duke of We.nniearom (fur it is rather to him than to Mr. Gounerew that we assign the principal writ of it,) and rff-cted in four years a further 'v iatica of two millions, making in all a reduction of of mice millions in the seven years that between the death of Mr. CANNING and that of SPENCER. The average expenses of those mut years (1828.34), during which retrenchment was nay progressing, were 18,400,0001 The limit reached is 1n.5, it . read of being, as the nue asserts, a cue of "lotted and iletitious I onnnmy," was the result of Mel years determined effort on the part of men like the Duke of WEILLegOTott and Lord ALTHORP, who, vitaliser Veit errors and ehortenatings into which they were rather led by their political associates than Wised by the bent of their own characters, were at all mots shrewd, !oughts& re resolute men of him; as straightforward and honest as they were l i t Ad d ktigable horsed l; m a t who have sourdingly been honou red idesisen oltheir Eng lish people. le L an t t an ru y st and hewer they made in one respect an adequate re . urn. They were thrifty stewards of the national income, ad had their example been followed by their saw alikere, the nation would not now be agitating fur the Moho id an expeselitere exceeding by mega than %Meru any thing which since the peace eves Ennl toseremen's have attempted to squander, or some mimed parliaments dared to grant. We have now referred to a va.iety of periods since he per. We have stated the expenditure of ° innate years, sod al-o given the average of several hatessive years. Will the Mies or any other oit- Prim of Me Comottes plan, conieseend to pa nt 'nit Ile there ie in the " p passion, the weal (query yPour y?) the value of money, the political relations Ili teesteects of the country " at the present time. tft .'"oss pronto seek a contrast to those of 1818. a. Is any year between 1830 and 18 3 8, as se WOW an outlay for either civil or military Cll, exceeding by six melons the highest, and ":111 millions gm lowest expenditure of those Pyre We say eleven smiliems, for the fact is, Morsel his mi snir ' C a oll i rn in inseam the Tames hints. either "dog hie asseetseee,' e g et visionary in his de- THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 26, 1848. come vomit whitest the consent of the nation, unless it be by the diners of the crowned king. In case of ihe death of the levelly crowned king, it is the duty of his Sm. I mediate moment to arse with the Enda to a lease of everesation, and to swear to the laws and esseelhedes of re semidry, sad to lime the arowa of It. itephem r eseti en Ns Met by the arise; and though mersela eights er r may be mashed by the seri readamor, prec s = ll ll l l ll l emosation, they may not he emselsoll salsas it he to the thdelleaer e l the laws. Hat this ma only be are la ems of the deems of the 'mewed king ; sad whh nob sale enserin, there can be no legal Mange meek be the pessendes of the Reasarian royal throat, without the MB of the meths sad the resat of the parliament repessetlng the nalism, emu se that who the Emperor and Meg Freers L, he the purposed the coronation el reedeesd V., who is new Wien. rivet the rellenesalmy eseeest w the e=the Diet of 1830 tormented le the serenades of he Ferdinand V. only adder the eaposseeseedes of his not neraingray riphtsofsevereigatydneisisbelifrefhhedd father, editor the previous assent ot the ands& • of the esseput it the theme reel ifesadY lik l: DIM that the nodes ahead be M MN sad give ras to the =fume reposed, dues as presampthe esseesser, who its not been In peammisa of the Ogees e and who asset, therefore, divine of it, thumb. le the detriment of the eventual isms of the IMeir Mag. M confer the throes as a moots, scion of the family ; and has-, since without the smut of the swim nobody has the right during the ores reign's Ilk, of pessessing himself el the royal rights and dig aides ; sod .inee it menet be ebewed' that pnvate family sersements should alter the sesseseloc ,• and further sines the cement of the nation is asermary for the dispe4sation from the du•ies which are smeaseled with the peemselos of the Ilongarlan these; and besides, Maas the roy l dignity of Hungary is bated ea a natal speemstit, aceording to which he only is to be esseidithed m legal bhp who conclude, and executes with the nation an act and deed of coronation agreement, and takes his oath on Ps rights and laws, and who after that oath has been crowned with the crown of St. Stephen ; and since the case of the abdication of the mtge• ing king has been provided to in such a manner that it has Mon determined that the nation should in that cam be en titled to appoint a proviiional gwverement in the country ; and lastly, dace the content of the Hungarian nation has not been naked to the family abdiestions and the shilliage of right, which took place at °Mute on the 2441 day of this =with of Dmembetr—in consideration, therefore, that the arhitmy abdication of the impegial theme of Austria menet and ought not to affect the independence, the constitution, and the fundamental rights of the king dom of Hungary, and its dependent provinces sad cone- tries, which do not make port of the Austrian monarchy : the parliament &darts that nobody has the right of die• peeing of the Huevrian royal throne, without the cogni sance, knswledth, and comment of the parliament. And the parliament, edit' , ring to the legal independence of the °anti and the fundamental rights of the Hungarian nation, ordains that all authorities, civic, clerked, or mili tary. oillcials, troops, and all the Inhabitants of litingary, shall refuse to acknowledge the jurisdicti n of any one, un less he be Ant acknowledged by the law, the constitution, sad the mtifament ; nor 'hall they give rosin to any such jurisdtietfos but consider •he ante as a usurpation, against which they are bound to defend their country, sad net only against completion, but also against foreign laterferense and foreign attacks. And those who neglect this duty shall be liable to pr.wca.ion lorhightreason spinet the country." SAXE-a/HOUR° GOTH A.—A letter from Cloths of the 18th inst. says the conference at Gotha of the deputies from the governments in Thuringia has led to the following resolutions:—That the states in Thuringia, whilst retaining their national independ ence, form a union and decide in common on affairs relating to the army, the customs, the criminal and civil codes, the prison system, &c., as well as to their relations to the central executive and the central ministry. A Thuringian general ministry is to be appointed and a united diet established. The eon !trepan took place on the 16th and 16th, by the in vitation of the commissioner of the central executive, Herr Von Muhlentels. - - - - - FRANK FORT.—The intellirnee from this free city is of the 23rd instant. The following propositions resrecting the future head, or supreme administra tion of the German empire, will give an idea of the ' variety of opinions elicited by that difficult and deli eate question : 1. An hereditary " Emperor of Germany," the proposition of the subcommittee of the Frankfort constitution committee.-2. An here ditary "German emperor," whose dignity will re matn united with one of the German crowns. and whose imperial residence will be in &fart i the em peror to be chosen by the Imperial Diet. This is the scheme of the Left Centre (Augsburg Hotel).-3. An "elective emperor," the first to be chosen for life, by the reigning princes of Germany, with the consent of the 0 wean National Assembly, and his suocemors by . the Upper Legislative Assembly of the empire, with the consent of the People's House. —4. A " German emperor," to be elected on the first occasion of reeking a choice by the National Constituent Assembly tor life, from amongst the German princes reigning over states, composed at least of a million ani a halt of inhabitants, and ate/mauls by drawinir lots.-6. A " King of the Germans for twelve years." to be elected by the Conatitsent Assembly, and afte;- wards, by the Diet, from amongst thereiening princes of Prussia, Austria, Bavaria, Wurtemberg, Saxony, ar d Hanover.— 6. " A king of the Germans for ten y, ors."-7. " The chief heed of the empire," to be in rotation every fourth year, a Prussian, Austrian, and Bavarian reignin g prince.-8. " A directory or college of five member', one to be named by Airdrie, another , P, uses, the third by Bavaria, th fourth alter I natively by the three ether German kingdom on one aide, and Baden, the two Hewes, and the two Meeklen , burgs on the other, and the fifth member by the otnet Chsuian states : the official residence to be in Itatisbun.-9. " A regency of the empire," to be corn pused of three a. n-reiping members of reigning U-tman familtea.—And 10. " A captain of the em pire," to be chosen (as well as his deputy) by the , I) et every sixth year. Every German to be eligible. The o ffi cial reside • ce to be in F'ranktort. The yearly • l come to be 100,000 Rhenish florins ; that of the deputy, 23.000 Ithinish florins. sash last 'bedtimes osier by as shall be esandired u ma seinewledreir o. *elf part d the legality of the usurped power, err or as a dimities of their dries sad lath as for sod mar, faith sad laws sr' rebel, the is e/ eablonvig, beer with nastier mad taireedue. bar OM a bright 'wools of smallokos =fella WE sod dertisa torsta IMmimed. This bssairm ms per esmesiatise ribs dip Outlaws, aoli eWI as be hessetem by as wham. by die grass of die )art Or d , ft d i . brighter days rile he us sad ear tsiddal perlist— ha B. (Crataripsd) A. W. Nowt —T iede dabbers, Dea 16. FRANCE.—Ciumrtvh• or Till OILLIANII FA- Varies, liquidatorgeneral of the ex Sal the, has watered a letter to the anespopers, to reacennuesd the maim of the es royal trilby net to soda their debts ea unfavourable liffe, bllll/011111, be s. he amassed that they will meagaally 'ha in fall. lie adds that he shall shortly he die to pay • rather large sum as moremt. X. Dupla has also written to the journals to deity the as.. this He am that 01l the sambas of the Orleans haft have granted the power of soo::;n W beets proceeds, sad that mat the res mes cament Sp .fte r i t aellosee with the prine pect thereto da t e footrests. K. Veva adds that he Me plead at the dipeal of the liquids tor.geseral all the fends sad hills shish were la the treasury of the private dogma • and that he will pees to his order the bills to be gives fee a:, seamy wattage of wood in 1848,in ceder to effect a mass as the ereditees. CoMennisil TdaTED.—The following soooont of an experiment to tat the soots st the principles of ma mmies is given by K. The.. In his work es palffeet7 The owner of • great algae fliWory lest, her a Yes, his works to his werimes, as dist limo wee se arks' to be auk in the families of ea seiskilehieoni, sal he agreed to boy, ate stated pries, as seadiless or paw K nmellines they might construes. Tide pries Me bees avematad 17 per sect. on the average. The weed tad weeks.. were to govern themselves, to pay themselves, sod eon the prole among them. The master had settling to de with them. He paid fee the asashises, et prices of mains*, and aatesally be was not to pay until the week wee awe. The associated weeks., ressimi divided, es they were before, in differeat deportment' (a peat belay • arganbatioe, sines they bad only to sundae the habits they had acquired) ; they platted at the heed of each deparemat or workshop • pro Mime, end • pure' president over the whole. They onward the heaseelesi deaden of wages (another hoWty arising be. Wilts), except that they gave three franca, instead= Ind a-half trance, to the lower slaw, that of semees leheerne, end they diseonthmeed paying the skilful 11111 3 / 4 11111111 (the inerehetnierre, or middle ass 'the bish wages resultiag ism Overwork. These did ea, like the rest, work sll day; yet, as they nut be sethied It • esetaht degree, they were assurial sappismarn ito esiss of we, fifteen, and somethaes tw isty r, whiwhist,, the Mar francs of average wages, gees beam a the meat, is those or who ha d previously earned mix, soma, ore ight frac* a-day. These .upplententary wages Sere gives by the presidents of the workshops. After haviag thus raised the wises of the mere labourer, and lowered those of the clever workman, the flawing was the remit of the throe months' trial: There was a doily tomtit in the workshop. 'Tie true, the tumult was pretty general then and sae sot km at the Lamiaboarg or the Hotel de villa than_ a the amsfeetarime. The mss took holidays . . Whatever itte - Wd then to lona part of this er that deasoi. elation, w hich, however, only ill Jared the workman them. Nelms, for the proprietor paid only for the work when done. Bat they did net work mush wham they were present, and the pie loin Marled with the malatesenes el order and the sepervhien el the Mew were altempil tete er ewe time. a fertaight. The general preekiest, having se ball supervision ha dle weekelleps, was Wiest to font variations of favour, belay dried ones only ening the period et the awasiation. Bad*, waked se bedew, they would have wedged a sou of Iff,WIS banes is these three .colic; bat *lir NAM* were oaly 11/7,000 bases algal* their pek we mind 17 r mat. The ewe of thla b 'walk r a was sot owi ng to the fewer th ember et days and beers thee the worksiseps Wee% but berm, when present, they did net week with Ma setivity. The piece hurts, who only r eestoed at the ,„...4. 24l asppionsat d a tram, were set very sales; in far the wessiodes. Themes whoa they rurally took them when they ware paid by the piece, to mhos they gave • swell additional sum, and whoa tbay superiatraded is person, were hit to the almost ter sive supervision of the presides* el the werbsisepe. all a thousead worksen out of Shun Moaned inewilinted that ardour with which rasa are animated when they de set week for tbseseelve• Is • word, 100 lebnewert reoaived half • hese • day mem ; 300(.400 workmen meshed their ordinary WO or 400 ken" but during terra dege, ter We took mire te se lplaa ; end the 1,000 skiver — isdanks, who formerly by the piece, were deprived at the excess due to their tonetisne l and which Med their daily wages to saver, eight, and tea ONISIL Accordingly the good hands were all deseowleedte ieres the eetablithsest, and when the three maths welgewl to the senninden had winked it caste to en end whitest • &lie prateet. It was a kind of insolvency, he It owed many boon whisk bed sot seen made up. cud W swallowed up the little capital of • hem* had insulated by the °weer of the establialunent previously to this platen. Ample edatinktration." BELGIUM.—A PAILACBUTI Iron COALPITIL—To inesed into minas and cal-pith, awl M seesed by NOM of medal bidden, ere operatiomi=g that the Blerian plows prefer, I. spite et the eolith forbid it, to expose their lives to the risk at smog* el • reps, which, unfortunately, often Weeks sad paselpitates them to the bottom. We (Missals Hash!) stlosiod lest Wednesday. an experiment cm • bap teal., "thigh dmenettated in the most efleitat manner, that hensehrik this dearer no helper exists for the pitinms" a t a meens olf an extremely simple apparatus, the caret i s the middle of the shaft when the rope beak .. -get net made by means of • walking noel, bat to II pit of same der k the ep parents was worked by men who remain. d pended in the well when the rope broke shoot off. For the future the peraidtwe fur eoel.plte le MO longer e theory ; its @filmy is now established by pray ieal hers. The effect of this m paratm was shown before a ..0 merino* company, comp, bed of men of ialsessation, tne pettier part luau with the weskits, elf =km. Tweir satisfaction was so xreat that they spoatessowdy Wired to the inventor to make affidavit as the spot of the beta t., which they had been witnesses. A.oeest the party was a gentleman who ebbed the experiment. to be tried up as binift.ll; ohe reps baying snapped he sad the workman =- cooper ying him were spontauseusly stayed without kelt, g the slightest shock. We shall not tell to acquaint our ready , of the new slicotions which will not fail to bens. , *- of this inventi. a, dos y interestiog, tacker looked upon in a humane point of view car r a wetter of economy in the working of nines. SOMALI/1N IN AltriUca.—The atostigutionnel re po dams e letter from the fekturrier de lo Lori item, writ ten by M. B. Dubuisste, jeweller, formerly of the Rua Boyd', 103, who formed `` art of the second advanced guard mat by H. Cab t to look This letter gives • deplorable aemunt of the expedition. It says that it is not true as had been represented, that a million of acme have been soneedni to the !miens; that one of the establiahmente destined to maim women waa not at for a stable that as arriving in boaria, after a long and &Scutt jo nonsy through fo rests, during which the expedition had to 'spoon ea vent privations, they found nothing but mum and no cultivated land. The Uttar adds that, the da 'after ar riving, the exiles amaimmely resolved to ahsaMarie, which they did, leaving their effects behind; end the writer then gives a detail of hie peouniare hums, and or his having tailed to obtain anielease frets members of an Icarian society at New Orleans. The Conatitediesswel elan pubithes a letter on the same subject, dated Paris, the 2,4 th Mount, from a M. Ceram, wko emisauainatee a letter from anoth. r member of the expedition, In which a mender woeful amount is sites. The unfortunate eneasaaniat, a yeller man who had given the greater part of hie fortune to Cabot, writ s that, on arriving in leads, where Mt water sad air are per nine emu oat of *meaty died, and the tees fell rout gamma, ill. He mys, that titesserh suffering from fever and want, he succeeded in melting New Orlieses, after walking 120 leagues through the forest., and that he was there re ceived in the hopitel. He speaks in strong terms of what he oelle the deception of Cabot. THS NATITI PUSS OF INDIA.—At a timid met-t- Habit," lisjar al Matekheria,"—ruts of Thai Tbeesaad aedow Nights"—the poems of .Idotanable— sewed pammathal and sakmaille works in Arabic—tranala time afßeglish Ileastima gesmetry, algebra, arithmetic, 2=,aeleasonay, &a ,—.event histories of Ragland, eflisam la :la, Penis, mad Affghainstan. At anothur miablishel in 1844, near 60 works had been a Kann and several daisies. At another, = d in Mk -isso weeks had born printed, and Maven were dmmihed ea In the prem. At sae, called the Royal hums, we Med a list of der pablitations, of which two an of royal annhemidp, and two an Lomas, one of which sacespealsil by aa Urdu translation. Other prance of Dalbl more rommly established have also beta la fall so tivitr„ The pram at Bareilly began opreas so lately as 1847, but has already seat oat tea public comprising the departments et hisarry, poetry, sad scissor, In the Arable, Persian, and U.dalangusges. LITHOGRAPHIC STONES IN INDIA.—A lector from Capt. Meadows Taylor, writes from Bnorapoor, is the Dek ham, Oct. 26. says:—" Is this district we bars miles and miles of the very thirst lithographic stosse,—equal, as Dr. Blast mares 11111, to the Gomm. Them swam would be a mine of wealth to akengsar If a railway ei.sted, tor the vain of this rock limestone is lash. runs through the whore of this wintry, sad woad be inexhaustible. It is very beantiful, eery raised, sad I am new getting some spa sms dinned." GIBRALTAIL—Bir,--Exceme of expenditure over re venue, the eheraeteristic of wing erasesment, is Mt in the local expenditure of Gibraltar, sad ear ljelaidelkellse has imposed new duties to meet the Mareesed dews. Os the 24th July an ordinance wee published by ear sedteritics, containing • new smile of dudes, le be lent Mem kr the ap proval of h r Mikity's Privy Osimal. • meseieg of the inhabitants was Mkt to tate latemmaidereSsm Ws proposed low male of duties, and at yid& meeting nesluthins were weed ageism them, a 1111•1■01thii was drawn up and signed by all the respectable inbatoitaists, revisiting that • communion might be sppolnted to inquire into the beet mess of *Meeting a revenue mammary _ meet the local espendoure, or that the memorialists might be heard by counsel at the colonial dila, a request on Use part et the people of this gsmisint so moderate that a person an scarcely b. lieve it should be minted. How ever, such is the ease ; and on the 7th December nocioe was published thee the new duties wire in force, having been approved of by her lisj , sh's privy council. The memorialists are set at defiance—a rte is to be col listed principally on wince, unjust in It. operation, as only touching about dire* fourths of the population, for one fourth are Jews, and es they import none, consequently escape their share of tasetiou ; bat the worst principle of the wine duties is its in nee with the ireedons of the poet, and the requiring of • staff to collect it, whose salaries will, most pr. , bably, mount to one-ball of the be the more succeesful, would try to mike their profits the larger by not incumbering themselves by unnicemary prams ; why not apply en sound a principle to taxation ? A revenue for the local expenditure might be collected at a very small met, and would press equally on all des es by a poundage on rental in the came wey as the present scaveng ing rate Is collected; the milked.' of the duties on wines, preventing its being smuiiglect into the granitic, and grant leo permits to allow its removal Won boom to house, after bang introduced, is a costly end annoying system; but it appeus to mat best ear salary-loving aristocracy ; give them a ravens. requiring numerous officers to collect it, is their cry ; the way in which the revenue is to be raised is as follows . Duty. Wharfage TolL DIA rte.". Mum cp. Oa se Oa of wine intredneed Into the perrhwin On men Mutants, Introduced Into the gmison 30 0 0S 1 And uses Is proportion for Mr subLe4 skew el a pipe. Ors satirgalissaf state( wsters,ar eardisk 0 II °Clew, herlisra of tobor. 0 II I On all weds MI Waned. 24 mvernt., of which per sash Is Mewed the sustionser. 2Whicawalsesliserwt, Riad annually. Is *dram 2O 17 Partelbdiale ditto ditto 0 4 liswhdYa a ditto ditto 1 6 Brehm% dWe ditto ditto 3 9 Trilium( AM ditto ditto.-- 1 6 Benert diets ditto 017 lisasaasems ditto ditto ditto....— 4 6 Was mid stark ditto ditto ditto Inseams. d ditto uo ditto.... Them dlttis data ditto 26 0 Itliissilalis ditto Wit • ditto 26 0 Lighters. lorry-boats, and 11.O•uploiats, 16 dm' to 1 dol. utak oolordtag to sic. no duty hitherto on wi e amount ed to too add s half dollm per pipe on that drunk is taverns and wimsehmts•-•, and no duty on that which we. drunk in privets Itosase—a nem more unj sat Lai quite so costly in to wilettion as the present new duties. If • commission was appointed to inquire into our local expenditure, it would no doubt result in a groat reduction, and a pie mintage on rental sad Homes yenta be found adequate to moat the us. =chines it would IM cheerfully paid, and the tort bo ant, &c., Lie INHADITANT OP 01BALLTLIt. 1648. mirag e " be boa taken mat toe a million less in his plan than the male of the year 1636 entitled biro; the general expenditure of that year having been only 16,886,0004 while that of the past year, as stated by Mr. COBDEN, amounted to 26,747,000 L, a differ ence of 10,862,0001 ITALY. PIEDMONT.—Ia the sitting of the Chamber of =ties of Tarp of this 19th inst. M. Pinelli at, the ministry as to the proclamation of the Italian Constitosate at Cloaca. The minister replied that it was the desire and hope era the Italian ~ and that the ministry had al ready opened with the governments of Rome and Tummy to realise it In the manner the meet to different opinions. The ()mores Wien had arrived at Turin, but had net been received by the King. The Chevalier Della Manners had rewired them at the palace, and interned them that the oaly deputies acknoeledged by the King were those who sat in parliament ; which, the Wag had resolved to receive no depu tation. The following is from oar own oorrrepondrnt : GENOA, Deo. 19. The =Wooden of • peter democraciesl ministry, loader the pronderney of Visconti Oloborti, who holds the porto.foglio of lents affairs, hag pins new confidence to the neyonliesa party. The sews of the Clionerti ministry arrived hire wrosnipasied by • proclamovion of Signor DOINtiOO Bulb, the new Illinieter of Comments sod Agri. sultan, and royal otmeassehner, v. sled with the highest ezeoutivo power is snit and military slain in itnchy of Gana, whore be mousiness Mil arrival In the following terms : --" Gnome ! Ti. new Mildll4l,llllllllVd jar 11•111111•ri the reins of gonna's.; and hare karat that for several days Orlin was ia • f uproar. Bat woy le Eh nun in a state of uproar ? Beaa . en attempt was mad* I adopt • policy contrary to the digni y, the interests, and the indopencottos of this ann.'s. This gem it.. city. which had gives the tint impulse to Whirr and iadepeadence, would not submit to so much ninny, and, •liersfore, ski was in uproar. But sow new ors .lll bring sew ineseares. The present ministry, of which I lons part, wills the aheolate liberty and in epvadentis of this country at any price: it wills the Italian Ceofti inmate, and nae gloved, proclaimed it, sad chosen $ person to proceed now and Rome in ardor to °mesh with the govern... u s there upon the best noun a bri, go.g is at once into operetion : in ono word the shilaters are toe • democrivic monarchy. Bach • ministry will be aloe• s an to haw 0 , 1.14 for • friend and en ally : tiny eau incur nor nosily nnly by be aming traitors to their miwi .n. Genoese, I have b. env aged by the Kinyr with the highest ezecutin power in civil and military ere, end have come smog you to give C r lie to thus. who maintain that Grin. is tend of is•urrorthnt I will show to these that whilst governs's, t .ollogre up a truly a Wed Polity, there is no 'cession Sir . Howley of brutal lons in order to keep G. sus quiet. have at ones given ardour for the removal of the troops. This yen day en etttalette will star - fr bets to prepare quarters for the lathe pieces we.rte they are to be mat to ; and, before two days, I II oter norsit to han them ail mat array. As to the torts of this pl.oe, the opinion of tits civic guards will ho taken 'lntro r th. y en willing said able to usdonalte the otsupation of them aU, or only of • ome, and actordirg to thr it dst Woo sad choke, the forts shall be placed into their linos. For the anoint nano of order in a truly fres town the civic guard. set 'olivine. Tins freed from the nensheances of bratal fn.- we will show to all Italy that Onto& is quiet. "V v. Is Cogni sant& !Winn& !" It may not to taint. ito.•ing to the English reader to know that /I. D .1110111i00 But., • yowl/ adman, was, about a twelvemonth ago, directue id • newly warted ne•spaper, the Legs Dofiants Id. Ho& Wan, uareewer, • GeROMM b. htflh, ma. , pe , lll • atirent. peons to the purpose of ham•liati. g the Intondente 0. meals, Sul lliartino, and the General to Dorisios, C sent Indoor ay. Thor are now wapersed- d in t• .lr olLial power. by ths snivel of Mossionr Buffs. _ . ROMAN STATES —The Alba of FRN,• ace, of the 17th inst.. says "Our curet epondenee of to.ilse makes so mention of the statement, in the t Home, u to the Pops having sent via. nlimatutn to Ems of the conditions es winch he would rota. The Alba alga nap, Zwehini, the Senator of Bologna. who ins appunt. d une of the ernra. nwt Junta of Ham, boa refused to accept tho uppoint mut. GERMANY. PRUSSIA —We havr received the B: Im peprre of the 23rd hut. Herr Waldeck has sent a spirited, spin. , and conclusive reply to leis celleegues in one .1 11. Berlin court. of justice, who urged 1 un to rot go tin .t. the greund that big participatton in the pnea dings of the late Miasma Assembly would being the • ritunial into emitempt The esthetes tribunal (he s. , rees) need not tor here sy CO operation with it would toot* the suepicAto tee lee owl justice are endangered. It to epos tth whet At• that the danger for the country • sista. It Ines in the r....111•••••te 'bar the court, anfoludtai of iia tote dignity, t. t .t.• the mess of politico and an.eiders a differsese of , t,t:ei end IleeletitlItI00•1 apportion tii fatentere es It erisarnie hero the resicestien of the Also f a judge. Whs. arh on led servdits, what a eonsfent ekandr ul judges, who. a Mel as pi: ilitioo of the r. spot dive .0 (help leotki, ist ores e a.* quo acs of Bath a systems ! %V' et or he vitriol is jade a who, in a c..n,ti nr:u tot rate, ors weeto.e 1.. the ltd. p nd nos which, ev. n in en a ...lets one, to 40. pall.,lium of publtc to ? Herr Waldeck hat , the I've chance diming eoturord to the first dumb rof the neat Diet, as men‘her leer Berlin. His opponent is Gm. Wrangel. tr.... • raders are taking energe is steps to secure the r to u of Mr. J P. Smith, the welt-known adv. eau, at trio• trade in Prussia. Tnis gentleman is an Est/11.4.1mm by birth, but has long been a naturalised He is generally at.d cis fervidly rtspect..l boa. public end private lite AUSTRIA. — We have accounts from flit non up t.i the 19th, bat no confirmation of the victor.. o elatnt. in the army bulletins to which we referred trotorast In fact, according to the etre likeinivh• itmsey of Cologne, letters from Trachea, whin. ,trrttrd in the Austrian capital at th above date, pusitively sweet that Frisebeisen, instead of having, as officially re ported, gained a brilliant victory at Soli in, wee d'tven across the frontiers into Austria Proper. a ith the low of many clamour. It is ammortied in the Name journal that Presburg has not hers harem The ll'ierter &amigo uum.ilains of the sympathy telt hear and there for kosseih. The Preussisehe . 4, gft.te• Anseirr of the 23rd di ea not contain one word of tu • elli.enos from the wat of war in Hangery ; on the other hand, it publishes a Vienna paragraph (eur• er dare Dee. 10) containing the stale intelliceree that Jells° .ich bad been appointed governor of Ihilmans. It appears that there will h.• a rorgrewt of prin . am iv Pr got at the beginning of the new year. The press in Austria Prop. r seems sill izenesstit of the last resolutions of the parliament at P ; haps i t is not thought pale or discreet to pu t . i.h tO .011. The debates and that fatal resolution a Met , leen. hastened on the alibis are contained in th , Peathee Zeitung of the Bth inst. The resoled m teferred to. and which gave roe to 'hr report that the republic bad been proclaimed in Pew h, is as fellows - Wh. teas it his ewes to the esposenee id :he nerl;.. wheat, Ansa rabble ries. mud whin paper. w Inea dely introduced into thin weeny, that ‘l. i the Fart, Emp roe of Aurria and King of Horn ...y,rf ti e nav e the fifth, whining the Austrian erns at on the second day of the present month, h, ineoiteito, whkit Is collet vienal by the Ano,. • • ' r. Schwersenberg, Is toe which ha taws all the geoid a et Age. triaof tueir dudes towards oise, obi/40w thi m leas mit or allegiance. An • wrereaa, he dielate,. i the ./ar thee teat hie tease. r Mother, Francis Charles. A 76.1 tilt. at Aseris, hath Skewer exile r 4 Is tacos. et A:. , nil /imamate's) ethos Bruins Archduke FIIIOOI.I an 011ee Agelmthke Jueeph, athlete* the of an I limpeser ere Almeria Keg rat Herrero, h tvi potdtetn.il • eertiesatristtion, ice does likewise hear dote of its thy of etha obi. In oth or Dm stem. .i.o all • esethesigeed die Ardrian retolvter.Be.t.ere nb ea. fie oenteli be Were» all the tr opt, of the seinarehe id hi. wheat to the theta protesting mat be is rwioNam all peolhollee wad tribes into •ue sin olive. via sotto. , 0,4 'fiat heir the said portens he ath -toady made ell serene.- swift thearetry lot the onpprowiast of wee: tie c 11. tow ▪ mbellioe, " Thin painting verilv eto declare, and h•—.be dor. .1.. elerv, that titulary, sod the coustries and 'engine...keyed to it, auto r were pats or tee Aortrimi nimerehy, 14.41. We are they so to day; Let they are an ladtp. e.t.a emptie e: treir own, having its own constitution. and net • Wriest= bur it. own le es, that le to any, to t hew s IA Mete with Me eintsent of the nati o n The ta.dtt• tenuitee of this indepe di nee sod 1. gal poeiti-n Gera , oh if fuadszetental basis on which th • a .vrettieti neheuf te. Howe at Airdrie ever did, sad cl. now, it • , acc,-rditt. te the rge.i o. • , treessims u set fort In the Poe mane Sa art -stem'. to on the aut i. et of the Auonen Inane 1.1 111,,0,, riming have say etf e, Same, on the pita the,.., of Hang-try, notion the Muneerl.• parliament ton cdtionetd and have pinta Its errant. At this pee...st 'into, n d e po,popoe and tee trebled vale • nee of llirparr ao.d i soe depeudoncies are as .11 Nora threatened by the attacks n , atheed power% even so that the , ••.rettl to defend Its political and P14.11/11 existence by In, loves of arms, there to a totssitility of certain selrvol. rat people interprelisg the eileneet4 the pat liement es an otandionsest of national fish'; sad it is for tbs• rem n rind the rupee rentariees of the wow', and of the nobi 17, I.ow in par. Ilsestat a•s obl.d, std being ths guardladv , thr rm. ▪ d ir t y and of leg pmera sad rich.", thine fin. elves in dirty hound in tbe nation's name to pause/thee Nthe event, aforetwid eta the royal thrnoir ot 11 0 .. A .,ry sco`tdinp to a law an to all the world comma be. DENMARK AND THE DUCHIES. Letters from Schleswig-Holstein state that the Dane* have now 6,000 troops in the island of Almon, hems 4.000 Milne than the number allowed by one of the arttel sot the seven months' truce. The King of Denote' has protected against the breach of the articles of the treaty by the joint government of dohl , &wig I lelecin, and against the nee of his name ft; slat rdniinis•ration. It appears, in fact, by all aeraient-, that the hardily between the Danish and larrmen pestles is us bitter as ever. The following proclamation was issued by the Xing of ihittit.rk on the 16th inst : Whet, we agreed th.. sipulatioa of the eenvention of the trot en, to the 26 , b of Atipast last, that without preju ding to th. art the Anal peso a Joint adwiuiwa tion ahould luring the Stallr it* be instituted tor the Duchiee t.f dill. ee g anti It latent, which, accurdiag to Art. 7, were t., to d in our none. we supposed that the men to wig m them. .anti , ns might be transferred would con tt tog , • .lure to reg..l.te their conduct in awry respect alter the te..er 14 the arraigns), and we hoped that thus an eedurtice atlr.te of thirties night be effected until the final eettl inet,t c t the reletioev, part‘cularly for 'be crest majo rity tg th gepulAtion in Schleswig, which hod preserved en n trait oath allegianes to their king, and than kn h o d b, et. tiptoed to the oppression of the former mauls bowery gerevointet.t. the, . et nnoition ens this bops have not twee realised. Tb.• r.t edminirration entered on their functions by abusing toe pewee granted in the seventh stole of the cos ., ..t. - .y • newteg laws and ordinsne•a which openly M atteis cal ~.01 no reipaty ; and the protest made against sus wooing'. not the n (Mobile l a st by b ot h oto p o i olo . rms, h. the t ante w our government sad that. of the nevi . Usual Cents al PIJIWet ita Gernt.ny, hoa received es hreleveet anew , r. ISe Ilalbirill4TlC ;WI has matins. d its activity is the way heroes pointed out by the revs utionarygeweremeet, sect while peramoine every individual who, in the Dusky al Sehlumur ?retained loyal and faithial, it has sot hesitated to invoke the authority ci our name, particularly is the pro f elemstion VI the inhaJitaots of flunk Schleswig, of the 29th of November. . . . . reVeltue soutane t dit the joint administration refused to isonspi) with Cie pruffst of the two commies:ivies satinet its arbitrary end ul.esl cooduet, it has been oat of the question en the mete of our government to treat with it as with a *id Tnsi Danish onniraimary has been needed and rap an °Metal note of the 26th of Novembee, which has hero enstnuniested to the (timidly powers, sad tne main cancan of wl,Leh have been published, the es. voy of the pr .vastonal central tenet has been informed of the po.ition is width oar government must be plead towards ea a , ..Mot•tration that cOotainaSS to infringe the .mete ecteu:ial of the armholes. Bat now the itint adrriiii•tr.dies having ventured so far in the abuteinelithineel public &suer ut as to take refuge under the shield of the JLOR'a t .!Le, although in open hostility to oar government, sat so to plain obedience to illegal ordi noun* to we u.lllO of the ,read sovrreign, we falai • daty eciatily dot, to our royal diusity and to oar people, partial- luny to cur htitloul minds so Behlesisig, by protesting *genet the way in which those men, ebass to maintain right sad justice, dare tt shun our royal name far the pur rs* elf puliating their lawless tondstr, toenails our subjects in Schleswig. We eau.,t a: the present rent, and chi. fly is the in. Crest et the tlachite, din a upcs adopting me. sun • for dis r.intine;ns the of poser and re-establishing the legal eta cnl this es creep* b) imeassot nedotiotiocs. Until this is Atained, sibkl, we treat soon will be the ease, it is with d ee p r egret as declare that there does not exist in oar duebi. s of Sea. swig mid of Silesia any legal authority mg ' log is the nuns of the Pr am, I/wording to the words and the :piri •of the arsaiscee, sad which our subjects are bound t, sitarist see obey. Bat In as tar es utgentnemmity cosy fume Us..in to code tu 111141111th of toe rebus/ power, we hereby dive all our tet.li,al subjects the assurance that THE GOLD FINDERS OF CALIFORNIA. Reports al vast quantities of Gold lying almost on the surfers of the soil of the mealy ceded territory et Upper C ilifornia, reaching this country through tee United States, where ft is well known the figure of kyr. thole S garish.' In the blithest piesibli monition, have been scarcely eredned. It would appear, however, that In ibis imtance, Brother Jonathan bee nut taxed our terseiity upon a beeches fabric. The accounts el men rued. width, in a week—of, In shot, gold got for the di g ging, or even for tn. scraping. although pou.ibly exaggerated, are not, it would seem, without sums feundation. A castes:Toney publisces a letter u from a private eirreopundeut, which is dated from San Blas on Sept. 28, 1848. It gives a more glowing account co the onfie trea sures even than that of our own tut irritant : t' At the distance of ons-third of the circumference of the globe from the capital of the Britteh empire, an event hes occurred before whir reality the fabli• o aotiquity vanish into feeble fm icings. The sands to lb. Psetolm have long ceased to he gulden; the mince of Mexico !hardly ply the working them; but in the but and eleng die banks of the Sacramento, the virgin ore waits but to be gathered in an abundance at present not to be minuet. d Lomps of pore gold have brae picked up, each large reemeb to make a diadem. The man who in the morning puesesed nag mo perty but his Ira or, no imamate is but his utiniciated hands, before eight saw himself the umber of more wealth then years of l boor in any other ninutry it the *or id could have procured him. inn in a few days he b came rich, and it he ahem, independent. "la the present short and unexas rated aecount, the writer, whose intormation was obtained on the meet in the month of September, hes been careful to eoutioe hes ace - ..unt to such o curretwes as may be tidied ..n an eu•hr utic, and has not stated several, which, though perteet:y trot, woold not at present obtain credit in ff.:gland, bow vit well at tested. The bay and town of Ban Prentice) ere situated in the north-western portion of Upper Cili•conia, and due: , the war between the Vetted States and Meeker have tarn token pe wiesion of by the former country, to which, by recent treaty, Upper California hes been entirely ceded. The country is so fertile, and peones. so many fine ports, that, op to the spring of this year, nuestien of cue rearms had arrived serum the Rocky Menatains with the übje-t making a permu te. rettlemect. Already many Inmate had be ve built in San Fruit-Leo, and everything b-gun swum , the appear ance of growing preaperity, coreequent on the nalleatuat of a hitherto neglected cannel by en inrln+!riuus and enterprisi log race. From these eircumetaiicee it was eaey to foresee tae rapid growth and lecrease of populsuen. "Much was the state of affairs when an nnk)-ked.in• et:turned acted like an el ctrio shock on the mind" and pursuits of the inhabitants. Families were suddenly left, former employmenis thrown aside, h, men I vashen, ships de sorter,; and at this moment, frum every roarer to which this news has spread, those who wood' be rich with sped and little labour—those who having uothuivleeire to primes, something, sad those who having ereeth de.iire more, are preemies onwards to the happy spot. • the excitement lies very properly obtained the ligrile of the ' golden fever; it has spree. to the remote islands of the Pantie. and along toe woweni coast of the continent ; the idle and the covetous are waking Awn their dreams and schooling. to hurry to this the only o rais Credo.' .sATITZ ram The -on of this unbounded eafirceno-t ma; be ing of the Royal Asiatie Society, Prof Wilson read • p.p. , shortly rscoanted. In the spring of this leer some settlers relative to the program solicit boa test made of late yi dr• were ezeavatiag a will:race in the mix hboarhood of the by that pinion of the swim Indian minting press which is Si.raniento, a river about thirty miss tti the north of Sit. wholly meoeneeted with Eansierins, either es "Wen - r Francisco, suet its rise in the Csliforniut mountain, and patrons. He observed that the sataltlishment cif a pew in nsvigable foe bosh; 'boot one hundred Mies. Itfalh into the &legal was a dreamless of 90 old a date that it wee no e sea in the bay of Sen Pah o, es do also two other rivers, the trainman knows, theegh the midis nor Afilfelgy imam a. can Joachim nod Jesus Maria. In the coarse of their week what extent its *pasties had been maltiplied. Re wield they met wit , . several pieoes of heavy yellow-coloured metal, niggly say that in the city of Calcutta Ste rs cote which, being of a suffinieotly peculiar hater*, to excite , plated is POnillO or Riedesteal, Rine is the curiosity, mere speedily dirovered to be gold of great = s of and two Mlngllsh,—edited by natives; sad that purity. Pee eme time they preserv , d the secret, t, sad ere of Mow. the Bhopooot, and of other celebrated 'apposed to ham gsthcred • very consolerahls• quantity be weelftee well as a hot 01 'satin aed Ins respectable ;nth fore it erimpired As length an Indian surprised them &glom Is the hasoi , lied boos prodeeed there while isesepied ia marching, and although tb y endeavoured M Mae@ dpriests • One of the wear it it• to divert his sues son, and detained him for smne time, he *am it see Acmes of prejudice la India, was the acquainted hi. tribe, by warm wane it *got become known being d Ilhalasteal tesaslatimis of the Zone, whir.'. in the outatry. Such sit unheard-of cirmai•tonee cau•ed the Meamen, eon the see of Mohammed, had laid net surprise end sems curiosity, but • ntw keying hied for to be toe holy le admit of translation, bat which theme lves, sad haring b. oeme mod sctietac only convinced taut be reed and stated in the origiaal teat sine of in teeth, all other liar vita were abandoned, and all hands A peopeities Erb Sher years ego to prepare a translation beamed to the diggings '—the esortnnye, hut indexed, ed the volume wet aced by the doctors of name given to the told country. In the c•urre of three Ladle; but as des waft elms more than ems Rindenani month., 4,000 peop'e collected, digging earl scraping early version were is the binds of the Kohatareeden peettlation. and late TM activity al the mho, mese if India, holm Iry gene- " Orte meals one day 'fathered gold to the value of 1601. rally known, ems anntisned more fa dem& The plotters merliog, sad thouelt this re a eimiula c.ot, y..t the canna.. of Delhi have been the asset forward in the week of pulsars- wages offer. d is 31. 41. per day, with subsistence to any men Lion. They haws Mae/ translations of 11M's " who *ill dot tor a certainty in prefer. oc• to working t4e gotratkof." of 11PNaartitten's "In ilea and Mobanievdao speculation on his own aneunt ; het this is sham( union.. Law," of Dr Royle's " Productive Reriuress uf India." of • 1., rejected ; for every one is discuatented with his 'ley% Arnottb "Elemeets of Natural Rudy'," end of soyesal labour, and remove to snot' er port of his diggings, Yrt.t systems of algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and of the di.- dose not pick up to the nine of hum 61. Si. a day. On, Meath' and integral eaculas Thy have also produced deadens.. who employed deb- Inenns cleared in flame days translation at several English hist Ideal works. Rarer. 3101. y col , and 1801 by merchandise : in atl 5004. A literature, too, has bail Its share of attention, evinced by lb- blanket that oet 16e. sold for more than All , end even now editions, or Riodootoni tramlations. a the "Life of Third.," they sednig wholesale in Saw Frain:i.e.) for 31. a pair. of "The Thousand aid Oat Nights," of puts of Abolteitc, Umie kninii, worth trim Bs. to IA. situ , sold for 121. ster ol the abridged "Snch Numb: mid of celebrated actin mg. Another searcher in four weeks made 1,2001. One treatises on setrononty said seathenstiee—as well as by the nun left, rifler a tew d a y s . ewllceting , s rkh ggps. we i g ht of issue of sassy elementary monks, eh.. wing the activity or etc !V', end another i 4 magi O 3 have Wilt down 125!bs. native publisners, and calculated to spread useful keowlotiste " Mercoasts were offering sramen as much at 154 per among the people of Upper India. A Persian MB. list of to. atonal, w hich wes refused, sines is the lasoehes mployol in books published in Delhi sod Birelly, with an Boglial• aiming goods and pessengors to and fro, the men get 301. tranelati a, by Mr. Doman, was laid before the eurelue ; per moth, and the masters 801, but men at this rate they sod from this it appears that at the oldest pram, which tat . till not work more then two or three voyages daring 'the established at Delhi in 1837, beside. a newspaper, oetwe. n nekly season, no remuneration being sufficient to keep tn. to seventy and eighty works had bees pirate", amoeg w.. .atom thoi "fist, of gold." A.l thin time, when man) were Meet editom of the IL•snla (one of which COWS:, 41 have .eft the ey.r duraig tho prevalence cf toner, the cum. the Arable text, es well as ths Urdu tren•lation),—edmons IGOOlot workunu get from 244. to 12t. a day, Arta At the SEW of the " Gulistan," in Persian and Urdu, the " Bash of ot seat smooth, *hen the healthy time recommences, one sad all will be off to the harvest. The merchant eerie lie neglected in Yi :be Buena Say ; in one Jonsson all bends, without exception, deserted, leaving the master, who was also fortunately the owner of the vessel (the Janet, English barque) to billow their szal. The very earth for some distance throughout the neigh bourhood Se impregnated with geld cut, but this hi thrown aside as not worth the lab.= of washing. A cese is mentioned in the hied paper, that • five keels of earth whisk had been dug oat sad sold for 1601., yielded, after washing, 4,0061.' " A knife was the ealy metruntent used by the early eIOITAtOni to Collect the preemie misers), and cue gentle man, being somewhat fatigued, sad left trebled for a ihort time by his companions, lay down sad *abetted the one with kis rani& ; the later Matins afterwards used pick and 'hovel, and these are as yet the only assistants to human strength employed. The earth was rinsed and separated from the metal in baskets or ha pans; sad now a kind of rude trough or cradle is used, having a double end with larger and smaller orifice. The gold is found in three forma--greauland of the size of medium gunpowder, and mixed with iron ; in email scales or laminar of from one ei. hth to one-twelfth of an inch is diameter ; and in solid lumps of from halt an ounce to 4fts. is weight, which last is the heaviest I know, though sassy mach larger are spoken et The latter form le fre quently found adhering to the rooks in the bed of the river, sad many Liao pines have beim gathered as one would p. their limpets from the crevices and holes left dry at few water. Up to the middle of September the quantity known tube to the v.lue of 660,0001., and toffs does not in =ilireed Is sesiderable amounts of which no account could be obtained. It Is confidently believ ol by the best informed that the outskirt only of the peat geld region has been tou'lled on ; more than one benne has happened of men who had enimantered the Alai, g substance in their perm' westward urns the mountains, and viewed it with indiffer ence as some valueless substance, but who quickly retraced their steps on hearing it to be gold. The Mormons, driven b persecution frost their native country, have been among the most conaileiralge Own. The entire extent of country abounding in this amassing wealth is considered to be considerably underrated at 600 square miles, and the depth to which it extends Is of course entirely unknown. The Indians inhabiting the district freely give its weight in gold fur a silver dollar . " Of the state of a society gathered frets all ratty and com posed of men of filmy nation it is difficult to speak ; hitherto the unbounded gratifies:ion of the strongest of the peados; the love of gain, has prevented the development of the led freangs of such a motley community, and but few cans of outrage have yet occurred ; but in the absence of competent legal power or regular authority this state of things cannot be expected to continue, and the arrival of ?rester number, in the next year will probably give rise to commotion. Gamblirg, under the form of inotite, the universal game of the south-west continent, is carried on to a peat extent, and gold to iii value of 91. has been given for two bottles of brandy." As a sedative to all this intoxicating information, we quote from the New York Jountalof Commerce, which warns persons from Wog canted away by all they hear from the newly Convent Dorado: "The production of gold in Calitunia is so abundant, it is said here, that it will east the market value of that mineral. Such an ideals, however, very idle. It appears from all the accounts that it seats searly as much to produce the gold in California at present as It is worth—labour, provisions, and utensils being extrs vegeatly dear. Labour is from 10 dollen to 20 dollars per day, _eserediett la meat of the accounts. Oold is no doubt preflased mesh draper in the Ural Mountains than it ever will be in California. The richness of the turbos indications lards no test of the value of the mines. Where gold is head in boulders there le generally but little below the ear ism. A lamp of gold was found in North Conlin', some yeses age, that was worth 20,000 dollen. A New York campus, bought the lead where It was found at a high pries. They spent 40.000 dollen in sinking a shaft, sad never obtained but three pennyweights of gold. The plate was abandoned, and has never been worked since." The effect which the accounts of California already pub lished will have on mired a are thus predicted in a letter in the Washington Thum, of Dee. 3. The writer, It will be seen, also draws a glowing pismire of the gains of the " gold finders." His reccommendadcm of establishing a mint in the midst of the scene of wealth bee been adopted by the United Sates goo. mount. The epistle is dated Monterey, in AIM California, Sept. 10 :—" It is cakulated that over 2,000,000 dollars aro taken oat of the mines in grain gold per month, and this nun will be more than quadrupled another season. This grain gold is now shipped off in large quantities to Mexico, Chili, and Pete where it will be opined under the insignia of those re insignia and lost to the metallic basis of our own circulating medium. This gold can be secured to our own currency only by a mint. Such an institution will bring this grain gold at once to its intrinsic value and sustain it there and save the poor emigrants, who get it out of the earth, then, the hands of speculators. It will do more to cherish and sustain emigration than the appropriation of mil lions for ordinary purposes. and will at the same time swell immensely the aggregate of oar national coin. " The need of the emigrant column for the year has already reached California; they will pour themselves in mme into the mines. There will also be a large emigration from Orogen, and also from the Sandwich lobate; and there will be a heavy tide over the isthmus, as soon ea the steam ers are on their destined track. When the wealth of these gold mines is really known and believed in the United States there will not be waggons and steamers enough that can be to bring the emigrants here. Ton are now ail inert. clout; you regard oar statements as the dreams of an ex aifed imagination : bat what seems to you mere &lion is stern milky ; it is not gold in the clouds or in the sea, or in the centre of rock-ribbed mountain, but in the soil of California--eparkling in the sun and glittering In its streams. It lies on the mum plain, in the shadows of the deep ravine, and glows oa the summit of the mountains, which have lifted for ages their Osten core net to beano. As an evidence of the facility with which it is procured, let one or two fasts suffice. Every sailor that sow ships from a port in California gets his 60 dollen per month, and but very few can be procured at these wages. An offs, of 100 dollars a month would be rejected by dee med's of those now see in the mines. They consider thi it labour there go oier 80 dollen a day, and it often realises them more. Even the poor Indian, when you talk of hiring him, *bakes bis bag of gold in your eyes. The cum sequence is, we have no hired labourers—no servants ; every man must black hie own boots. Tab is a practical demo cram—no theory—no talking &buil equality ; we an all on a level by tkat great low of circumstances which no one can surmount. The rounds of roar Wider, ilia true, are of gold ; but your neighbour's ladder TIM bot as high." THE UNITED STATES TARIFF. Hir,—ln the message of the Atilnican President a strong ems is made out for the continuance of the present r productive of an ample revenue. It is not, how ever, to be assumed that an effort considerably to increase the bemire duties will be unsuccessful. Be it remembered that the Is from a raiiring president, and that his suecierer hes baea &seed by the party which u strongly opposed to free trade. I have a letter before me from a eeriness in New York who is decidedly in favour of free ' imports, or only of suet duties as shall ho revenue produ cing, aad he tells me that the election of Gin. Taylor hr guile_ elated the protectionists , who are in the fell belief that the duties on the importation of manufactured goods will be largely increased. When re cently in the States I everywhere heard complabib that at the present rate of duties no profit could be derived from the manufacture of any dmaiption d oaten goods, except these in which labour forms the smallest component part. Of thirty of the most prominent manufacturing companies of New England, there are only eleven, the shares in which were a premium. The 1,000 dulls shares in the &lig bury company were recently quoted at 1,250; and the Cer ritos& company at 1.2041; but in a number of other com panies the 1,000 dollar sham were quoted at 800, 750, and 800, while the 120 dollar shares of one company were quoted an low ai 200. The manufacturing interest is concentrated and active; the agricultural interest is scattered and supine. There is not much energetic action to be expected from the southern sides, till lately so determinedly opposed to high import duties; while their " peculiar domestic institution," eavery, was believed to he unassailable, they were dere tainest flee-treders, but they now greatly fear the efforts of the norhern abolitionists, and they are anxious to avoid any further quarrel with the New Englander. They are ready to say, ' Let us alone and we will let you alone. Say nothing inert slavery, and we will say nothing against your manulaaturing The great state of New Y rk, which gave a dearest and free-trade vote at the election in 1844, has given a whig and wreaths vote in 1848. Pennsylvania is rapidly availing WW of its abwidenee of iron end oaal, and is making • greet outcry for additinael errs .ties against Beglish com petition in every ankle of boo manufacture; and Pitts burg sod Cincinnati are kerning in the same cry. In theft imnortant districts there is the disposition to cany en the . Mg-rolling " process—" Help us to roll our log, and we will help you to roll yours. Let us have additional duties us English iron, and we will sot op ple pt c: g iu c oar efforts to obtain additional duties on Begleh Bet the western steam—will they permit themselves to be taxed for the benefit of the iron-master and the cotton mentifeeterses ? I fear they will. They are more anyone to rival the mariabecarere of the eastern states than to have chap goods fros England. Tilers is a soel-field ea the corm due of the Ohio, extending 700 miles in Leath, with an average breadth of 100 miles ; and with the coal there is iron. There is another field, extending over one half of I n d i a n a ..ed one half of Illinois equal to the whole an ices of England and Wales in the centre of there is soother coal field squid to one half of die surface measurement of the state. With the great materials for umlaute:tune in abundance, the demand is for irae.u/seures. People say, we have wheat, end t r r me nd pork ; we have iron and coal ; let us have manufactures that we may have boom markets fee our produce." All this seems very foolish to us who know • little more .bout the priaciphis of free trade ; but La ear calculations .and speculations, as to what other men's or other nations' nurse of action may b., we must no more leave out of sight 'heir tally than .heat wisdom. My own belief is, from etre oloservation, that the folly of the United States will predomi cat,', and that they will act be convinced of their error until tt. , y have tried a patially prohibitive tariff and feted that it wi..l nut primes t revenue. In their dislike of direct taxa , ion they wilt then again resort to moderate import duties, Should • prohibitory tariff be enacted, we shah have • bowl here tor retalistory duties on the import of American produce. But I cannot suppose that, because they are foolish enough to pay Cony per sent, more for their iron aid sottoa manufactures than they can have them at from us, we shall be tiolish enough to tax ourselves to the same amount on every barrel of 8 ter we buy from them, and on every bale ei oaten we ime,rt. If they be foolish enough to bay in the dearest market, let us b• wise szoirli te buy in the diespeit.—A TICITNI.J.II4 Manchester, Dec. 23. *uasaft. PevaUs 'revi se arairkit