The Express. — London, England, 1853-03-28 00:00:00

Cu , erpreni. TO CORRESPONDENTS. sussed Mies of " The Exprout," easteivisi the ems 'mires Ciesistre." is published lively Tusielay sad Nr.dae eight b time lir rut. lwretrreseattelatettded for " The games." Lae-los herniae perm awe be es the Iles% 10, rouverhostruit. by Teo Vets& •IS the dey of pabibedon. 1110 H WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Div—Morstag. 41. 5 Aftinuses. 4.. r " . " 01-1101 Siag. Aftesuria. 7.. LONDON. MONDAY, MARCH 28. Siote interest was excited in the course of last week by the commercial intelligence from New York. One large bank, the Ilanover, had received assistanoe from four other banks, and two banks of less importance had suspended their payments. Two or three not isconsideruble bankruptcies were an nounced; the money mat ket was pervaded by a panic' discounts were almost suspended, and the best bills, when discounted, after the panic had somewhat sub sided, were not done at a lower rate than 9 per cent. Monty, notwithstanding large arrivals of gold, was, of course, very . much in demand; and such circum atancta happening in the great city of New York, with which we are now in almost daily communica tion, and have more extensive and intimate commer cial relations than with any other city . beyond the bounds of our own Empire, cannot be without great influence over our monetary and trade affairs. There is no doubt whatever that to the present time, or to a very recent period, the general trade of our country has been conducted on the soundest prin ciples. Perhaps there never was a time when the bankers had fewer bills of a doubtful or unsafe cha racter in their possession than now. Nevertheless, so closely are all the trading nations of the world now united—that we cannot be quite at ease unless our neighbours be prosperons. Hence it is of some importance to learn what we can of the financial condition of our cousins across the Atlantic, as hear ing on our own present and future financial con dition. As to the immense resources of the United States, their vast crop of cotton now coming forward, larger than ever was known, and increasing year by year beyond the hopes of the European manufact urcrs—its prodigious cert al product.. hs t are supply ingA ustral ia, California, South America, and Europe—the immense supplies of tobacco, spermaceti oil, &c., obtained by American industry—there is no doubt whatever. Neither is there any falling off in the yield of the gold mines of California ; fur the last returns show great and continued arrivals at New York, great and inaw•ant coinage, and a more abundant supply of the precious metals than before. But wherever there is much wealth, particularly new wealth, there will be gathered together great multitudes, eager to share and enjoy and to dissipate it, from a desire to get more. The population of the cities and towns of the States has none of the long-descended and fixed cha racteristics of the mercantile classes of Hamburg, Amsterdam, and London. Such a thing as a family of merchants for two or three generations can scarcely be known there. In Europe commerce ham Leen the slow growth of centuries, and has transmitted the rules, gathered by experience, from father to son, from generation to generation, for centuries. Amongst them there is stability of conduct unknown to our fast-movement cousins, and an abhorrence of bankruptcy, founded on the fact that insolvency is the rare exception, and solvency the rule and general c mditiou of the mercantile classes in Europe, which does not seem to be shared by those classes in Boston and New York,or in any of the cities of the Union. The industrial resources of the States are magnificent hclend European conception, but it is possible that they may be diverted from the just repayment of the advances that have helped to call them into existence, or have supplied the wants of those who have developed them, and may have European creditors foe a long time unpaid, spreading asson..at them the insolvency that may prevail in certain dams in the Union. It is remarked by a recent American writer of some repute, that almost every mercantile man in America has been at some time or other a bankrupt. The statistics of some of the American cities con firming this view present a sorrowful picture of the results of American trading. In Boston, the most sedate and least speculative of American cities, ac cording to General DEARBORN. who was collector of customs at that port for nearly 20 years. not more than three merc h ants oat of one hundred ever acquire independence. Other persons of equal authority say that between 1800 and 1840 only five in a hundred of ell the mercaatde classes of Bastes remained. In that time they had all/ailed, or died destitute of pro perty. The bankers of Boston assert that of 1,000 accounts opened in 1796 only six remained at the end of 10 years, and that the balk of the persons who kept the other had died destitute of property or hod failed. Above 90 per cent. of all the estates which panted through the office of that city were insolvent. Bank directors are amongst the most substantial awn in the community, and in the old bank of Boston, says Tie Farmer's Library, one this'll had failed in 40 years, and in the new bank a stub larger proportion. The editor of the Massa chusetts States Record gives as the result of laborious inquiries that 111 Philadelphia not more than one per cent. of the best class of merchants succeed without failing, and that not more than two per cent. of the merchants of New York ultimately retire on an inde pendence after having submitted to the usual ordeal of failure. A contributor to the New York Merchanfe ifa pazine, a well known authority, states that but one eminent merchant—and his death is still recent—has ever continued in active Moines. in that city to the close of a long life without iiergoing bankruptcy or a suspension of payments. In New York not two per cent. of the mercantile clams ultimately acquire wealth after pawing through bankruptcy, and in Philadelphim the proportion is still smaller. Accord ing to Paimer's Atmanack foe 1849 there was in 1811— Bankrupts Creditors Amosot of debts 440,934,616 dole. 13,697,307 • put s PI TIL peoperly Wai realised, instead of a llefilsod of 10 emits , per do llar being paid, which Alb valuatien would Am the prop ortion varied SAM 1 Nut. in the Issimmris distnet of New York, is 13 be the Nalhnui s being by far the largest -4111disu1 Ia Oosessiisit the average dividend wan '4l/22 1. above Mira asst each dollar ; in Mains, it was half a cent ; in Michigan and Ls, quinsr of a asst. ; in New Jersey, 4 cents.; in Tensaw, 41 outs.; in Maryland, 1 dollar. In Mississippi it was 6 tooth to 1,00 dollars; in Ken tucky. 8 - dollars to 1,000; in Illinois, 1 dollar to LIMO; in Pennsylvania, East Virginia, South Ala bama, and Washington, nothing at all. In Cin cinnati, a most flannelling town, of the active men of business existing there twenty years ago, according to Ait's Cincinnati Advertiser, not Ave out of 400 remained in business, or had done well With sock facts to guide us as to the general condition of the mercantile classes in the United States, who seem to go a-bead much too fast; and knowing that their condition in respect to England is that of great indebtedness, we can but feel some little apprehen sion at the first symptom of a general tottering after the rapid development of commercial prosperity in the last few years. According to the Courier and Enquirer of the 12th inst., the banks of the city of New York showed, at their last quarterly statement, December, 1852—and it must be remembered that banking is regulated and controlled by the States in America, and that mer cantile perm its are encouraged by tariffs and other l eg i s l a t io n a capital of 38,000,000 dollars, and liabilities to the extent of 131,000,000 dol lars ; while the Bank of England, with 19,000,0001. in its vaults, and 14,000,0001. of national securities, shows only liabilities to the extent of 43,8:4,0001.; so that, in proportion to their resources, the banks of New York hare about three times the liabilities of the Bank of England. The city of Now York. possesses more than half the banking capital of ea. whole State, which, by the last quarterly return wig 83,450,000 dela., with a total of liabilities for IA /be banks of the State of 220,000,000 dots. IS must this vast amount of liabilities there was only 11,500,000 dols. of specie in all the wanks, and 21,000,000 dols. of W hat are called cash aeons, but which are not classed with spe cie. In the last iptarter the increase of capital was nearly 3M0 0 .009 dols., the increase THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, MARCH 28, )853. of specie in the banks' vaults was 1,500.000 dole., end the increase of liabilities 19,400,000 dole.—a great expansion of hominess. Such a condition of the banks of New York, now that the great increase of trade caused by the gold discoveries, has to be out np and balanced, and its prate brought td book may, without any hurry to fame calamities, excite l ame anxiety. FRANCE. being always stopped out of it. So great is the im provement in his affairs in the short space of six teen months that he has now no creditors, keeps a royal table, and buys estates. - In consequence of the great demonstration made in Paris on the occasion of the funeral of Madame Itaspail, the Minister of Police has sent the follow ing confidential circular to the Prefects: . Monsieur le Prefeet,—The socialist party appears to be again in motion, and to seek the means of making a demon stration. Taking advantage of feelings molt worthy of public veneration and the respect of government, they avail themselves especially of certain funerals to organise mani festations of an egclusively political character. While the government is fully disposed to allow the utmost latitude to meetings inspired by family affections, or friendly relations, it most in an equal degree be careful to hinder that sort of profanation which makes the mortal remains of a person ur.known to the crowd of followers the pretext (r a simu lated respect which is but a lie and a political demonstra tion no' to be mistaken by any one. We live no longer at a time when people can alarm and agitate the public streets without hindrance or repression and it is the duty of government to prevent and punish everything tending to compromise order and tranquillity. I therefore request you, Monsieur le Prefect, to take all necessary measures to put a stop to such manifes tations. The better way of proceeding will be to prevent the assemblage of too great a number of persons at the house of a deceased person, to disperse every following having the character of a considerable crowd, to hinder any large number of persons, not relatives of the defunct, from entering the cemetery, end to prohibit all speeches. It is in the highest degree essential to reconcile the respect doe to the dead with the measures requisite for the public safety. You will recommend to your agents the utmost prudence and reserve in these delicate circumstances. I beg you to keep me informed of all that may occur in your department in reference to this subject. —Receive. &c., Da MaI:PAII. Some of the political transports to Algeria, who received a pardon on the occasion of the 'Emperor's marriage, arrived at Avignon a few days ago, and it. having been reported to the prefect that they spoke disrespectfully of the Emperor,ls of them have been transported to Cayenne without further investi gation. M. Colm, the Secretary of Madame James de Rothschild, and two Jewish bankers, have offered a prize of 1,000 fr. for the best popular history of the Jews, and a panegyric of the general morality of the Israelite people. Ihe fact that the Jewish religion is not more free than others from schism, is made strikingly apparent by one of the conditions, which prescribes that the essay must be " orthodox." M. Color is in the habit of preaching "orthodox " judaism to a select circle every Sunday; the day being chosen, not of course with reference to the religion of the congregation, but to commercial leisure. ' , Anis, SUNDAY Ersetso. The Monifear of 'to day . aonounces & elypoint: ment of General Count Ortimo, Oland nailer of the Legion of Honour, to the Governor hip of the Invalids. The funeral of the Duke of Padua took place to day in the presence of the Emperor, Prince Jerome Bonaparte, and several members of the Imperial family. The Moniteur contains the text of the budget for 1851, which was presented to the Corps Legielatif on the 18th instant. You are already acquainted with the substance of this document. The basin of the estimated surplus of 1,384,4330 fr. is admitted to be the expectation that the produce of the indirect taxes will exceed by 42 millions the amount realised in 1852. The expose Jr motifs relies upon that "re markable law of progression in the indirect receipts which so constantly testifies the happy influence of a strong and stable authority upon the move ment of business and the development of consummation." I have before had occasion to poiut out the fallacy of this reasoning. 1832 was au exceptional year. Commercial operations had been so long restrained by political apprehensions, that the reaction, when it did occur, was naturally very great. Immense orders, far exceeding an average, were given, to fill empty warehouses and replenish exhausted stocks. It is against all proba bility that any natural law of progression should lead so speedily to a large improvement upon the extraordinary receipts of 1852. Indeed, the theory is already practically contradicted by the customs returns for the last two months, which show a con siderable falling off as compared with January and February in last year, ar,d those, it must be remem bered, were the worst months, because confidence was not completely re-established till afterwards. The Lorin Lege,latif, whose peculiar duty it is to examine the budget, is as good as told that it is ex pected to vote it blindfold. " You will," says the expose des Motifs, " vote with confidence the supplies demanded from you after a ripe and contradictoiri" examination by a government to which the country itself has remitted so large a part of its destinies. There is a sophism of a very immoral kind in this sentence. Large as the power of the executive un doubtedly is, the settlement of the budget is not one of its attributions, and it is clearly unconstitutional to call upon the legislative body to vote " with con fidence" the result of other men's labours, which it is their plain duty not to accept and become respon sible for save so far as their own judgment may ap prove it. It is only this morning that positive intelligence of the French fleet having left Toulon has been re ceived. A correspondent of the Courtier de Mar seille, of the 25th, writing from Toulon, on the 23rd, says: At last, after unforeseen delays, our magnificent squadron has quitted the port of Toolun to the Archipelago. This spectacle, always new, attracted • vast crowd of the curious. It is evident, therefore, that supposing it to be true that Admiral Dundee is not to leave Malta, the French government must have known the fact in abundant time to countermand the sailing of the 'Coulon squadron. All the reports of M. de la Cour having . left Marseilles are premature. Ho had not arrived there on the 2atil, but was expected on the evening of that day. I have no doubt that lie has instructions to wait for the Egyptus, which, not- I withstanding pretended news said to be brought by I her, was circulated in Paris two days ago has not yet been heard of. Last night, when the" Petit Bourse" was about to assemble after regular hours, the police dispersed the meeting, pursuant to orders from M. Maupas, and the usual Sunday Bourse at the Casino Pagenini has not been held to-day. This mea sure has given rise to various surmises, and of course it is suggested that some bad news must have arrived. The panic at that irregular establish ment last Sundayis, however, quite enough to ac count for, and perhaps to justify the shutting it up. The question is, whether it is possible effectually to put a stop to what is called " coulisse" business. The police have attempted it over and over again, and always without any permanent result. About two years ago the "little bourse" was driven out of the Passage de I'Opera, but only to resume operations shortly afterwards in another place. It is im possible to prevent people from transacting private bargains in cafés and public places, and whenever these bargains happen to be more numerous and important than usual, "quotations" will find their way into print. I am informed that M. Duces has written to the Mediterranean Packet Company at Marseilles to send a return of the quantity of owl with which they Could supply the government within two months of the present time. • At the conclusion of the business of the Bourse the hallowing were the quotations :-For cash, the Three per Ceuta., 791 90e.; and the Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 103 f. 700. For the account, the Three per Cents., 79f. 95c.; and the Four-end-a-Half per Cents., 103 f. 30c. Bank Shares, 2,660. In railway shares the operations were not of an ettesseive character ; • latest foreign quotations, received by telegraph : -Berlin Loan, Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 103 r A PROTEST OF PRINCE FREDERICK OF do., Four per Cents., 991 • do., Three-and-a-Half per SCHLESWIG. Cents., 93. Bank Shares, 1091. Frankfort : Aus trian Five per Cents., 97 ; do., Four-and-a-Half per Prince Frederick of Schleswig-Holstein Neer pre- Ceuta, 77/ ; Four per Cents., 691; Two-and-a- sents his compliments to the Editor of the Er- Half-per Cents., 44. Russian Four-and-a-Half per press, and begs the insertion of the inclosed docu- Cents. (Baring), 1021. Spanish Three per Cents.. 441. ! ment. . Sardinian Five per Cents. (Rothschild), 981. Ham- Combs House, near Honiton, burg, 951. United States Six per Cents. Cons' March 26th. reimb. in 1868, 1171. Exchange on London, short, THE PRINCE OF SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN NOER 1191. Amsterdam: Dutch Two-and-a-Half per TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE DANISH DIET. Cents., 65. Matalliques, Five per Cents., 81 11-16. United Service Club, London, March 24, 1863. Belgium Two-and-a-Half per Cents., 521. Spanish Sir,-I beg, through you, to lay before the Diet N. One per Cent., 24/ • do., Interior, 431. Vienna : the subjoined statement: etalliques Five per dents., 94M ,1; L oan 1831, 107 k. I have perused in the Altana Mercury, of the 10 th of March, a document purporting to be an engagement be- Lomb. Ven., 991. Bank, 1423. - , tween the King of Denmark, on the one side, and my brother, the Duke of Schleswig-Holstein Augustestearg, on PARIS, SiSITADAY EVENING. the other ; in which the latter, in consideration of a sum of The latest news on Turkish affairs is contained in money, surrenders, in his own name and in that of his the following telegraphic despatches: .. family," all rights and claims which may interfere with ' Comtantinople (vie Trieste), March 14. any disposition which the Kiag of Denmark sag maks in "Affairs continue tranquiL Rifaat Pacha shows reference to the succession. himself decidedly favourable to the demands of Apprehending lest by the use of that unwonted word " family " that it may be supposed that. I amok included, or Russia. Notwithstanding, at the date of the latest consenting, party to any such arrangements, I here make intelligence received from the Black Sea, military the formal declaration, that I had ne. knowledge of them movements continued at Odessa. General Leder* until I perused them in the papers. and that I conceive my was concentrating three corps darns& on the fron- self to be bound now by every leceful moans to preserve tiers. Prince Menchikoff has sent to the Russian rights which an not mere die inctions of a family, but which have arisen thief public necessities and for public Consul at Jerusalem despatches relative to the ques- SPAIN , use, and of which the wisdom :and the value have never tion of the Holy Cities. been more signally exhibited tb an on the present occasion, a Vienna, March 25. A despatch, dated Madrid, March 21, states that in when on their masstensnee dfirends the maintenance of the " The Porte appears disposed to settle the diffe- the Chamber of Deputies the ministry had that day indenandrnee of a eleven and the existence of a people. rams with Russia amicably. The funds have presented • project of law, demanding an authorise- Mutual ire A: f e t e:d i e t ? . Ara d rer p e st for the hir ai r 2 Nustitutlo h ne Amen." lion to continue the collection of the taxes, in antici- no d l a w s talre o f the by which Ira'ariallitiangafdotmhewas held at to a g a ether Y ; It was expected that news from Constantinople by Ration of the voting of the supplies. so sow, as the idea aro, e of abolishing them, confidence the Egypte* would have been telegraphed from Mar- M. de Sidemen= had arrived from London. The was atestroyed, and stro• agth faded away. The part I took in ttle movementof 11' favourable intelligence which he brought respecting wines to-day. No intelligence has, however, been art th i represent'atives of the people innovated, and received, and it is probable that the arrival of that the loan in course of negotiation caused an improve packet has been delayed by bad weather. went in the prices of the public funds. earthy attacked 'these imatitutions, I withdrew; and so ' soon as a hostile sr .iris sprung up between the King and the The following. paragraph appears in the late edi- At the Stock Exchange the Spanish Home Debt people, I - quilt" . .. the country. While resolved to defend tint of the Patr i c : rose to 441. the monarchies , . p rerog ative lam equally so to maintain ACCELERATION OP MAILS TO TUE NORTII.--Ott The Anneal as DePaub publishes a correspondence from Illaneillos, which gives incorrect details about the depar- Sure of the squadron all evolution. The despatch of the Minister of Marine eel] arrived at Toulon at noon on Ste day, and not on Saturday ; the sqaadron put to sea and Igorof the port an Wednesday, the 23rd, at daybreak. was no unforeseen delay, and the preparations ameba departure received no interruption. The Atbsts in list 0. 61MM number quotes an article irons the Cowrie,. ek Mar- a db i disk glees incorrect details as to the victualling of ITALY . AUSTRIAN ITALY. The Imperial Lieutenant of Mantua has caused a lielifia a. i 33 persons implicated in the late trial for high "ii err to but absent as refugees to be published , with treason, gees , the All the sailing vessels have not two mo nths an intimatirAn that they are exclu ded from the benefit bat asedie provisions. The two steamers have provi- of the Imp aim he lbws months. They carry as much as they have seem Ar, sssi they have their full complement of fuel. It es&d be difficult to descries the zeal and activity neces sary to obtata such results, which have scarcely ever been oriel amnesty, and that if they do not re- i- gawp , tura and. submit to their trial, they will be judged by defarAlt. Uwa the circular of Count Strassoldo, Governor of historical pope A u r i g h t ., and never u m I submit to any the hat of April, a great acceleration of the mails to and gement by which the latter should be sacrificed. The trees', ] of the Bth of May, against which 1 have The tbir ,day my protest with the English government, I hold to s ae one of coercion and spoliation; nevertheless, there ht . one condition, to obtain which I would make every L ar d c ann i ag It is, that an arrangement shall be come to that which was made in respect to the crowns of S:rak nd Fiume at the treaty of Utrecht, so that th 01.0. ens of Denmark and of Russia shall never be united on tle e same head, and Denmark and the Duchies be thereby rated in the Russian Empire. I have the honour to remain, &C., (Signed) F. OF SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN NOER. --- - from the north will take place, which will enable letters to be delivered two hours earlier, and dispatched two hones later than at the present time at York, Newcastle, and other places. The Corporation of York have lately memorialised the Postmaster - General , to have the mails to that city, and . for places beyond, conveyed by the Great Northern Railway ; but his lordship informed Mr. Milner --e and Mr. Smith, the two members of parliament for that cis that the exorbitant demands of that railway CoMPInf 3., dcompliance with k ' request. Thos charger prevente t eir e made in the times for collecting letters in the metropolitan district on the hat of the present mouth, was a pre li minary step to the contemplated acceleration of the mails from London. readied at any former time. Lotnbardy, extending the operation of the Pre'l'ious NEW STAMP DUTIES ACT ON PATENTS.-An act The name of the Russian envoy at Constantinople spoliator) , decree (published in the Enpro.ss of Peru, 4 AMBITIOUS SWIND . LE . R ; .-Tho tradespeopl b e of of o ziarlit o na rc e e nt w has t t l t y ute reLeived e oy I assent and d p d t u h tie r s fe a r fees on' pmfirig has been spelt by various French and English joar- Saturday last), the Debuts remarks :-" le law, the swindled ( a ' a m ' in 'tah rigetd between itrf 3.; a a m n e d 4 t O m y r earfi, who e :- I l i ettete m pateni. for inventions, and to provide for the par' eels in no less than six different ways-Menatloff, number of the victims of such measures ie. only a pressated himself es a Polish noble, and passed by the chew for the public use of certain indexes of specifications; Mentrikoff, Menschikoff, Mentehikoff: Idenetelsikoff, secondary consideration ; the Principle 6 e verything. names of Prince de Schawolibog, the Duke de Paachali, All letters patent for inventions to be granted under tli and Mentekikoff . The Almanach de GotAn, how- It is, however, not out of place to rem ark that this the Baron de Dombremil, and Count Deluck. He also I'atcot Law Amendment Art arc made subject toss% ever, no mean authority, spells the redoubtable name confiscation or sequestration, whichever the Austrian I repr•rsented that he was a relative of the First Chamber- anee os non-payment of stamp duties expressed fi fi cltons Menchikoff, and this is the orthography which, with Emperor may please to call it, has ulready been ap- i i le st a n w ol: tu tt a EmyeT i o a r yin of o lt i r e ss n izaa b d um had been a o l li s l o ige e d alla t , l s: r h e e p d a ir re le d o l f ,y t4e r. prut cr a o c it t.." a fhe i rleaes 0 purchased a fur a sena your permission, I shall adopt unto better advised. plied to the property of nearly one thousand families. I himself' at times Sir havin g Topal, and said that he had 1 nut exceeding 1,0001. for the oublic use. The new stamp Marshal Magnan has bought a splendid estate at It must be added, that it extends not only to just arrived from India with immense wealth. lie got duties are as follows :-On petitions for grant of letters , St. Germain en Luye which lately belonged to the individuals suspected of having participated i goods on creilit, and when the t. sdesmen went for their , patent, a; on certificate of record of notice to me t __ Archbishop of Parte. That the commander-in- directly or indirectly in the recent troubles money they found that he had disappeared from his hotel, !SI. ;on warrant of law officer for later' patent. !r PARTIAL CLOSING OF A GRAVEYARD.-A commu- chief of the army of l'aris should have been of Milan, but that it comprehends the exiles IL very thous, thereof, and sold them otf . . Amongst other things, he pretended to spec ifi ca ti on, 51. ; ea letters patent, or a duplicate nicotine from the Home-office bas been addressed to the be chapel ' his hotel, before the • • la• d5O/ •on let ter ~ an d to fitting up a in expiration of the t u year, • i .__ Hon. and Rev. M . Villiers, the Rector of St. George's, able to make this purchase is a very striking proof of 18 , 18, and even those of 1820. Thus, ' it Mantua, I and he ob;ained a quantity of all articles necessary for the patent before the expiration of the seventh year, 100i...7 81. oinsbury, is imating th at the burial-ground belonging that the, So much vaunted prosperity brought about the authorities have seized the estates of Count ArTi- purpose. At last the paliee succeeded in discovering his certificate of record of notice of objection, 21. ;on cert ti is i ca c try to thfi- parish, situate between the Foundling Hospital by tho coup ircltat is not exaggerated --at leant in vabene, a pioseript of 1820, who since that year has rerid.m..e, and they went yesterday morning to arrest him. of every search sad inspection, Is.; on certificate of .in,u. and Regent-square, is to be discontinued for burials, with wirer, instances. It is well known that for many resided in Belgium, where, we believe, he has obtained W h en he saw them, he threw himself on his knees on aof assignment or licence, ss. ;on certificate of assifrit aw ! the exception that they shall be permitted for the next two ~,,„ before Deeem . r oe 2, 1831 , Gen. Magnan never letters of naturalisation, and where as we know, he prie and Dieu, pretended to be absorbed in prayer. When lor licence, 51. ;on application for disclaimer, 51. i one l years in that portion of the ground which has not been r 'they seized him, he cried:-" My body belongs to you, but' against disclaimer, 2/. ; and on race copies o f documents. der need, on condition that it is used only for the burial • of Acnew what it was to draw his full pay, the utmost has passed his time in study, and published works I .my soul belongs to God!" A young TTOMMI who lived with for every 90 words, 2.1. The new stamp duties are un der e parishioners. ' amount that the law allows a creditor to touch on econo mi cal s ub j ects, which have p rocured for him ' him as his midress was also arrested. ' the management of the Commissioners of Inland liteenu' TO-DAY is one of the few days in the year when London suffers from an Exodus, rivalling in amount I that which is threatening to depopulate Ireland. It will half realise the words of the old song, "London sow is out of town." " One-Tree Hill" is to-day the British "Mons Sacer," to which the plebs of England have seceded, although not in anger, but in jollity. Some hundreds of thousands of the " work ing classes" will have rushed out of town, with a de termination inversely proportioned in intensity to the rarity of the opportunity they have of exercising it, to buy a few hours of pleasure at whatever cost. If by some sudden convulsion of nature Greenwich and its environs - and its scores of thousands of plea sure-seekers were swept away, London to-morrow would be reduced or elevated—we won't decide which—to the condition of America, or, worse still, California. Labour and servitude would be at a heavy premium. Servant-gal-ism would be some thing too serious for even .11r. Punch to laugh at. Mistresses, instead of answering advertisements of servants, would be advertising, in distress for "helps." Masters, instead of taking labour at their terms, would gently request labourers to make their own. This, however, is a mere fanciful contingency. In all human probability the "secession" of the British plebs will terminate as it always has done. In three days the workmen will have returned to their duties, and in less than that time the servants to theirs. Some few of the latter may be a little damaged in character, and a large number of the former very much damaged in health and in pocket. It is not intended to be asserted, that this holds of all who visit Greenwich or other less fre quented suburbs—it is not intended to be denied that the . proportion of those who enjoy the Easter holiday* in a rational manner is increasing—all that is meant to be asserted is, that the general features of Easter at Greenwich, and its consequences, are pretty much as we have described them. Very few of those who have participated in it, will retain many agreeable reminiscences of the great holiday, at which they assisted so joyfully. Their pleasure has been spasmudie—a convulsion rather than a na tural action. An English holiday is not a relaxa tion, it is &saturnalia. Instead of refreshing those who share in it from the labour of the past, it tends rather to unnerve them for the labours of the future. These are scarcely pleasant thoughts for a holiday which celebrates the high feast of Chtistendom. But the knowledge of the way in which thousands will spend this day inevitably forces upon us the convic tion that the English labourer—with increasing ex ceptions, we allow—does not yet know how a holi day should be spent. He looks forward to Easter as the traditionary season when the hard labour of a year is to be Wooed fur by the revel of a week. He has been ill-taught, scarcely ever amused, and he thinks that unlimited enjoyment may be produced by the indefinite multiplication of those processes from which he has received atoms of enjoyment during the year past. He crams, therefore, as many as possible of these into the short time that is allowed to him. He drinks more glasses of ale or spirits, smokes more pipes, sings louder, and fancies that in proportion as he multiplies these atoms, he multiplies his pleasure. He has not learned from experience, and he is separated by too wide a gulf from " the exclusive" classes to learn from them, what some of them might teach him, something of the true nature of pleasure: Tho eon of the late M. Naundorff de Bourbon, who pretended to be the eon of Louie XVI., enlisted a few days ago as a private soldier in the 4th regi ment of Infantry of the King of Holland, stationed at Breda. The municipal council of Dunkirk has just voted a sum of 30,000 f. to cover the expense of the re• ception of the Emperor, who, it is said, will visit that town at the eud of May or the beginning of June. - --- A telegraphic despatch from Hyares states that Marshal de St. Arnaud is so much recovered as to have entered into a state of convalescence. The marshal hopes to be able to return to Paris in the first fortnight of April. • Letters from French Guyana state that the news of the re-establishment of the empire in France reached that colony on January 24And was imme diately saluted with 101 guns. The next day the solemn proclamation of the imperial government was made at Cayenne, in presence of the troops of the garrison and of the various functionaries. On the 30th a Te Deana was celebrated, and public games and rejoicings took place. The head of the colony profited by the occasion to present to the negro Paul Dunez the medal of the Montyon prize, adjudged to him by the French Academy, for his good conduct towards his master's family after his emancipation. The typhus fever, these letters state, had not com pletely spared the Salutation Isles. For some days it raged with a certain intensity, but soon yielded to the hygienic measures adopted ; the consequence was that there were but few deaths. flow men would mock her flaunting shows, Her golden prowls., if they knew What weary work she is to those Who have no better work to do. A headache, and a collapsed frame may give him a little hint of the truth in the morning, but it is onto forgotten, and he is ready to go through a Binles. process whenever an opportunity offers. We have named the temporary migration of to day, an Exodus. Contrast this with another Exodus, which will commence about July next and finish about September—the Exodus of the middle and upper classes—to the lakes, the watering places, sad the continent. What is the prominent idea in the minds of the vast numbers who will leave London at this time? There Li no difficulty in answering— relaxation. But relaxation as a means of health, of the acquisition of knowledge, of indulgence in a more interrupted state of family union. The small shop keeper takes his family to Margate, that ho and his children may breathe a purer air, that he may enjoy uninterruptedly the intercourse with his wife and them. The merchant or professional man goes to the lakes or abroad to refresh himself and his family with the sight of a more beautiful nature than is presented to them in town, and to open their minds and his own with the knowledge derived from a more extended experience. Of course there are large exceptions. Still, however, the fact will not be altered that the middle classes, as a rule, take a holiday for some better purpose than riotous indul gence. What is the cause of this vast difference in the two cues stated? How is it that one class comes home impoverished and debilitated, after an opportunity of relaxation, while the others return with an increased stock of health and knowledge P How is it that every one is delighted to hear that Mr. Baown, the butterman, is off to Margate for a month in June, bat gives a prophetical shake of the head on hearing that Mr. BROWN'S man and Mrs. inowN's maid have gone to Greenwich for half a gay at Baster? Surely from no other cause than that there are so few legitimate modes o! relaxation kr labourers and servants, that there is great moon to fear some illegitimate mode will be resorted to: It cannot be denied that the majority of employers, without being az tested by any selfish motives—do nevertheless look forward with suspicion and fear to the re sults of an Easter holiday to those whom they em- The restraints upon unlimited indulgence which formerly administered some corrective to the tendency to go beyond due bounds have vanielted. Holidays are no longer remembered smart the ' masses as religious festivals. The rich have gradually withdrawn from all outdoor amusements in whisk the poor can join. Some absurd but harmless superstitions which suggested reverential feellsipen the occasion of holidays in times past have died eat, and holiday makers are left to their own devises. How they employ the occasion Easter often shows. The groat cause of this vies in our social system is, that in the wilderness of brick and mortar called London, there are so few places where a legitimate source of enjoyment is opened to classes of people I without large means. Cooped up between high walls, the labourer has no opportunity of seeing what rational enjoyment sigaifiss. The Legislature has forgotten in a great degree the fact that man has other capacities than that of hard work. We want more picture galleries, more peop'er's parks, more stimulus to out-door happiness. We waist every argument used, every legislative means employed to favour the erection of " People's Palaces," and not every facility afforded to lend a hand to bigrits to destroy them. Increasing intelligence, and the• open ing of a few national institutions, has already done much for the labouring class. The railway system has done more. The proportion of those who take riot for relaxation is less than formerly, but it is not small enough. We must multiply the causes which have produced the small improvement we have men tioned. We •must, as a means of national educa tion, increase all those means by which, while the body is refteshed, the mind may become improved. If we dee dily proceed in this manner we may pro phesy y certainly, that a time will come when tens shr Al look forward with no less satisfaction than workr 3en to the great national holidays, and when Gree owich and Blackheath, and all our suburbs, shall be c alled on those occasions with crowds, who will re turn to their homes with mind and body refreshed, And better able to continue the labours which they have for awhile been released from. GERMANY. Mr,. Hitsfeld, the American lady who was appre hended at Heidelberg a few days ago as an agent of the revolutionary propaganda, has been sentenced to six weeks' imprisonment, and placed in the prison of Mosbaeb. SWITZERLAND. The Swiss journal, the Vafarland, says:—"lt is matter of history . that the Emperor of the French notified his marriage to all the powers of Europe in the usual manner. The Federal Council charged its president, M. Melt, to draw up the reply, which task he executed to the best of his ability. The document was then sent to the French Legation at Berne to be forwarded to Paris. Some time after, the letter came back to the Federal Council with an observation from M. I)rouin de Lhuys, that it could not be pre sented to the Emperor, because it terminated with the wards, Agreez l'assurance de notre haute consi &ration,' in place of the usual form, ' Vos tres humbles serviteurs. This finale, Agreez resat ranee, &c.,' is prescribed by en order of 1848, and it would be curious to see a new diplomatic conflict arise for a simple form of etiquette. " The Federal Council of Berne discussed, on the 22nd, and adopted, the note which had been drawn up in reply to the complaints of Austria against the government of the canton of Ticino. The reply denies that there is foundation for any of these com plaints, and expresses a hope that Austria will re voke the measures to which she has had recourse as regards the canton in question. The New Zurich Gazette has the following from Berne, dated the 23rd :—" A telegraphic despatch from Colonel Bourgeois announces that to-day at two o'clock in the afternoon a troop of peasants from the Val Collet arrived suddenly at Lugano. They made a great noise, and when they were asked what they came for, they replied that they wanted money and bread. It was soon ascertained, however, that they were not in want of money, and that they were in a state of intoxication. Fifteen of them were ar rested, It is not known under whose instigation they acted." an honoarabliresientitio reputation. Count Arriva bene, nevertheless, is one of the victims of 1853. Is it in following this revolutionary course that the go vernment of Austria hopes to efface the memory• of so many deplorable events, and merit the gratitude of Italy, or the esteem of Europe ? MONTENEGRO. Letters from Cattaro, of the 11th, in the Lloyd of Vienna, announce the arrival there on the preceding day of the Vladika of Montenegro, with several of his chiefs, on their way to thank the Emperor of Austria for the protection he afforded to the moun taineers in the late struggle. The Voivodc of Gra hovo died at Globug on the 4th. From later accounts of the 13th in the same paper, it appears that the Vladika left Cittaro on that day, in company with Lieutenant-Colonel Stratomirovitsch and other Aus trian officers, and the Russian Commissaries Kowa lewski and Berger, to inquire into the truth of the allegations of Omer Pacha against the population of Piped, whom he accuses of having attacked the Turkish troops in their garrisons. Omer Pacha still has his troops concentrated at Sputz, Podgoritza, and Aativari. DISTURBANCES AT GREY TOWN AND CHAGRES. When the last West India steamer left Grey Town and Chagres, disturbances were daily apprehended between the Americans located at those places and the Mosquitan and New Grenadan governments. At Grey Town, the Mosquitan government had allowed the Americans the tem porary use of a small Wand, not much better than a sand bank, which forms part of the harbour, and is situated at a short distance from the town. The Yankees quickly built a few houses on it, and now the steamers that come down the river, instead of stopping at the town as formerly to pay dues and benefit the inhabitants, stop at the island and avoid all dues, and deprive the inhabitants of the town of an immense benefit. The Mosquitan government had ordered the Americans to quit the Wand, because the eb• ject for which they had been allowed a temporary location there bad ceased. The Americans had refused to ►eave, and the day after the West India packet left Grey Town the Mosquitan government intended to drive the intruders out by force. When the packet left Chagres there was a violent dispute raging between the New Grenadan govern ment and the new town built up by American, German, and other speculator: at Navy Bay. The New Grenadan government had imposed a house tax on the stores and houses built there, which the inhabitants had refused to pay. The tax amounted to from 10 to 100 dollars a month, according to the size of the houses and stores and the busi onus done in them. A military official had been sent down to Navy Bay by the New Grenadan government, and the struggle between the inhabitants and the authorities was expected to come off n week after the mail steamer left Chagres. Eije Court. WINDSOR, MARCH 26. The Queen and Prince walked in the Home Park this morning. The royal children took their usual morning exercise. Prince Albert rode out on horseback this forenoon at tended by Captain the Hon. Dudley de Ras, and visited the new model lodging-houses at Windsor. Prince Arthur and the Princesses Helena and Louisa were driven out in an open carriage to-day. The Earl of Aberdeen arrived at the Castle this afternoon ou a visit to her Majesty. The Queen and Prince drove out in an open carriage in the afternoon. Colonel Bouverie and Captain the lion. Dudley de Hos were in attendance on horseback. The Prince of Wales and Prince Alfred also drove out in an open carriage and four attended by Mr. Gibbs. The Princess Royal and Princess Alice were driven oat in an open carriage and four attended by Madame Rol land.. The following had the honour of dining with her Majesty this day :—The Duchess of Kent, the Princess Adelaide of Hohenlohe, the Earl of Aberdeen, the Lady-in-Waiting to the Duchess of Kent, the Baroness de Speth. Sir George Couper, Colonel Dixon, commanding officer let Battalion Scots Fusilier Guards ' and Lieut.-Colonel Williams, com manding officer 2nd Life Guards. MAncu 27. Her Majesty, Prince Albert, the Prince of Wales, the Princess Royal and Princess Alice, the Duchess of Kent, Princess Adelaide of Hohenlohe, the Earl of Aberdeen, and the ladies and gentlemen of the Court, also the domestic household, attended divine service this motaing in the private chapel of the Castle. The Duchess of Kent re ceives: the sacrament. The Hon. and Rev. G. Wellesley officiated. Despatches were received at the Colonial-office on Satur day, from the Governors of Gibraltar mid Bermuda. Viscount Palmerston left town on Saturday afternoon, for his seat, Breadlands, Hants. A cabinet council was held at the Foreign-office,' Downing-street, oa Saturday afternoon. rho Mi nisters present were the Earl of Aberdeen, Lord J. Russell, Earl Granville, the Duke of Argyll, Viscount I Palmerston, the Earl of Clarendon, the Duke of Newcastle, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Sir James Graham, Sir Charles Wood, the Right Hon. Sidney Herbert, and Sir William Molesworth. The council sat two hours and a half. Earl Granville arrived in town on Saturday morning to attend the cabinet council from Aldenham Park, Bridgnorth. Viscount Palmerston arrived in town on Saturday morning from Brighton. The Earl of Aberdeen left town after the cabinet council on Saturday, for Windsor Castle. SOCIETY OF BRITISH ARTISTS. The Society of British Artists have opened their exhibition in good time this season, and have gut, on th e whole, a very good set of picturis together. Th ere are e h. .entees—such as Mr. Anthony, who has ceased to b e a mem ber of the society—whose loss is noticeable ; but the walls are filled, and the result is the average uttractiven cu . T he attien-e of corporate purpose—of ti aces of a scho o l a i m i ng at definite leatons—da more to be mourned than th e d epar . ture or decease of individualities. The loss of Mr. J. Alien (dead)ch conspicuous bines, is only icuourasthatof to report Mr . on Anthony wl but, f or the ; what is Mr. k'. J. Hutleone, the president of the society, holds achieved, " anntd, a not at all on what is possible. a corresponding place of honour ou the wall. ; coutribu- Hug the finest picture in the exhibition, and by far the best piece of composition and colour ing that ever came from his easel. Be has it pictures here this time; but we refer especially to No. 170—o Ib e Appearance of Columbus in Spain," representing a young boy and an old man, travellers, receiving drink and toad from a friar, at the gate of a Spanish convent. The boy is Columbus—the elder wayfarer the father of Colum bus—and the incident is historical; bat the merits of the picture are apart from this story, any other suggesti on accounting for the group would do as well. The tone is exceedingly tine and pure; the drawing and expression admirable; composition and colouring speaking thatiuctly of that perfect Italian school iii which Mr. Hailstone often studies, but whence he never before, that we remember, carried so superb a prise. His other contributions (we pass over the portraits) are, if not sulking, thoroughly worthy of his reputation at this exhibition. 1 . Descendants of Marius and the Oracle (14i) is one of his familiar groups of boys, depicted, in this instance, as at play among ruined columns. Here again the picture dues not respond to the anticipation raised by the title; they arc bop of a southern sky ; but they are lint distinctly Ita lians—the columns, nut the boys, tell us of Home; and that is a failure, if, us we Taney, the title is a phrase taken from a sketch of It mien yumins, by Dumas. "The Shepherd Buy of the South," (2du) has the usual merits of the artist and his usual loth—rigid mannerism not only in treatment but in choice. Passing on to VS—an "Ita lian Shepherd Boy "—we g, t the same picture, and quote King Lear upon the changes of location. There is, non ever, a little variety ; the next picture by Mr. Ilurlstone is of an Italian girl. That is something. Mr. Tyne favours his admirers with only one picture this year; sod that is unworthy of him. It is au illustration of how woe a dashing brush Can become a loose one ; he does not at tempt a title or description it. the catalogue, and we will imitate his discretion, warning him that only a Turner can bas Turnerian. But Mr. ilmlitington compensates with pro fusion and perfection. He has eleven pictures; and they are gems. Lakes, and rivers, and land scapes, there are in various and exquisite beauty; some of them, certainly, too hastily turned out of the painting room, and betraying hurry iu opaque skies, hut all glossy, glancing, and brilliant. Particuiarisation is unnecessary —they are Boddingtons, weak in parts, faulty here and there in detail, but generally the must airy, sunny, and agreeable of landscapes. Mr. West (to continue the catalogue of landscapes), has some dark, odd-looaing, but boldly-painted sketches of Norwegian scenery—with, in addition, the usual Welsh scenes in which this artist, to whose peculiarities we have gut accustomed, excels. The sea pieces of the younger Wilson are too numerous—that is, he paints too much ; but there is breeze nod salt in his must careless works, and he is as evidently travelling in power as tu reputation. The senior Willisms has one good . picture and several poor ones • ' but the tune of the great elan Williams is fully sustained by Mr. S. Perry's solitary contribution (421). The other VMS of the family have each something, and each is respectable ; but, on this occasion, hardly more. Mr. 'Pennant's landscapes are, as usual, admirable—in especial an au , umnal glowing picture (77) of an unpronounceable paradise in tilamurganshire. Mr. J. C. Ward sketches Irmo Monmouthshire (112) with hardly leas effect. Mr. G. Colt has an Isle of Wight lane scene pretty and pleasieg. Then there is one Devonshire landscape—Lee like—by the Lao Mr. J. Allen, with beau tiful perspective and clear, crisp touch ; such a picture a., for itself and the circumstances in which it is found here, o i y: a id . bringpictpictures ti fi l high price. year comP ' a e rin d g o th u e u m t but delicate handling and nice perception are, of course, not absent from those which he has contributed. Mr. Pettitt has three extraordinary works in the rooms, and which, for want of other acceptable description, we must term land scapes. in one instance be has painted a picture which is immediately taken for one of Anthony's—a bad compli ment, since it is not Anthony's; but in the '• Seventh Vial" (428) he has given us a productiou which could only be Mr. Pettitt's. The Seventh Vial has poured down vitriol and blood, mixed in equal proportions, upon canvas three feet by two ; figures are put in ad sib., a statue tum bles here, and a rock topples there—steel that is a great Martin picture ! Let us Lope that we shall never see such another. Among the landscapes let us count applaudingly a picture full of sweet repose, cattle and figures—Evehing (498), by Mr. W. Shnyer (the member if the society). ii only for their great name, but also for the thorough merito riousness and artistic finish of their effects, we should not omit mention of Welch Sketches by the Misses Basmyth— neat and pleasing. For want of a better place, let us also here direct attention to Mr. Scadrett's clever picture, a la Roberts, of the Interior of St. Michael's, Ghent. The subject picture's are, as usual at this exhibioion, scarce; but there is a class of picture contributed by Mr. Woolmer, Mr. Baxter, and other members, always interesting. No one can round a limb, or paint in a dimple better than Mr. Woolmer; but he fails in the heads of his nymph. end demi-nude young ladies; he generally omits a background: and he sins in this most important respect—that aiming at voluptuousness he exceeds in licentiousness. Mr. J. B. Hill illustrates Milton's description of May in one of the finest pictures in the room (161). A group of girls and boys gathering blossoms is spiritedly drawn, and though the colours are too hot and glaring the effect is charming—all the more so, that it is pi rceived the embers that are in the cheeks and trees wilt pale down in time. Mr. R. Buckner, in the " Study of a Roman Head," has contributed a piece of beautiful colouring, with the addition of meaning— sweetness and sadness—in a face of more than beau- tiful feature. Mr. Baxter's figures are as usual nu merous, and as always charming—a Lucky Lockitt, conspicuously. Mr. Noble is perseveringly plentiful in his contributions on the principle, probably, which induces la speculating grisette, trusting iu la fortune, to take many lottery tickets ; but he fails to fix attention. Mr. C. Earle' was a great hope of the society's exhibitions, but he does sot appear to progress : there is daring and purpose, but time is rough and clumsy execution still. Mr. Hawkins is ambitious and common-place : in a pretentious picture of Nymphs disarming Cupid. Mr. Zeitter bass host of vigorous drawings, in oil and crayons—and we like the oils best, but Iwe like all. Mr. Desaurne's picture of the " Fall of the Rebel Angels," should bear a moral against presumption to the artist: he his only succeeded in painting bad figures sticking head undermost in the mud—that is the atmosphere of Mr. Dmeurne. There are several attempts to catch the eye , by an appeal to the epic odes of the ton familiar "Uncle Tom. All of them are failures except one—a simple, grand, back head, by Mr. H. C. Whaites, spoiled, however, by a black background, which obviously should have been white or red. Mr. Dale's heads should not be forgotten ; they ITS exquisitely drawn, and picturesquely placed. Mr. Cole's " Bacchante," in the arms class, is a miracle of perhaps too delicate tints. Ameag 600 works brought together by a society whose rules are genial and inclusive, it i• natural that then should be fonad some offensive monstrosities; and these erratic silliness,s should not be too rigorously criticised. But this year there has been evident looseness in the selectious. ' These are too many subjects for mirth ; and the society's 1 , fame consequently stiffen. Paving from these to the Water colour Room, it *sly remains for us to notice luscious fruits l ima flowers I by Mrs. Duffield (Mr. Duffield is as excellent as usual in his oils), and much good miniature painting— amit manipulation by Mr. S. 11.. Lock, coiling for great praise. An " Ophelia," by O. P. Boyce, limo the gazer by its delicate texture and discriminating touch. [ Among the company in attendance on Saturday were, 1 the Archbishop of Canterbury, Lord John Russell, the 1 Bishops of London and Hereford, the Marquis of Chol imendeley, the Earls of Shaftesbury, Lichfield, and Orkney; Lords Viscount Beresford, Goderich, an -Mandeville, Lords I Landes, Milford, Seaman, Radstock, Byron, Colborne, I Dudley Stuart, M.P., John Manners, M.P., Charles Towns bend, Sir James Weir Hogg, Bart. ' M.P , Sir J. Reid , Bart., J. J. Yeah, Buller, Bart., Sir H. Caider, Bart., J. T. D. Aubrey, Bart , Sir R. P. Jodrell, Bert., Sir Henry Y. Webb, Bart., Colonel Sir J. J. Hamilton, Bart., Sir Ro bert Inglis, Bart., M.P., C. B. Wall, Esq . , M.P., Sir IL V. Carden, Bart., Aldermen Wire, Salomuns, and 'doom. Sir Gardiner Wilkinson, F.R.S., &e , &c. I