The Express. — London, England, 1847-01-14 00:00:00

of Parma, son of Philip V., married Louisa Elisabeth, the daughter of Louis XIV. In 1765, the Infanta Louisa Maria Theresa, the issue of this marriage, and conse quently granddaughter to Loris XIV.. married Don Carlos, Prince et the Asturian, since King of Spain under the name of Charles IV. The King of Spain, Ferdinand VII., was then great grandson of Louis XN ~ and Queen Isabella 11., e his daughter, now Queen regnant, is among the number of the direct descendants of Louis XV. Has Lord Palmerston ever contested the right of Ferdinand VII. and of Isabella II to reign in Spain. Lord Palmerston, in the 18:h century, has doue precisely what his predecessors and all Europe had done in the course of the 18th ; he has not pretended —nay thought—that the character of a descendant of a branch of the royal house of France. that had renounced his own eventual rights to the succession of the throne of Spain, could destroy the rights to this throne proceeding from the titles of Philip V. To such a degree has the natural aud true sig nification of the treaty of Utrecht been, up to these last few days, universally and irresistibly admitted! But Lord Palmer ston does not confine himself to giving on this point an erron roue in terpretationdo this treaty ; he attacks much more its ig- Bilk-aim and end—l might says its very existence. The pnn cipil and real object of the treaty of L treekt says he, inde pendently of the re-establishment of peace between the con tryting powers was that fur which the preceding war was undertaken It was to avert too close and in, timate a union between the kingdoms of France and Spain The history of the last century proves to us by numerous examples that, notwithstanding the treaty of Utrecht, this intimate union continued to subsist. Thus, according to Lord Palmerston, the treaty of Utrecht did not suffice in the last centurv.and no doubt does not suffice at the present day, for its chief and veritable object, and that object is to be sought not in the basis of peace re-established by the toasty of Utrecht, but in the pretensions of war that preceded it. Strange forgetfulness of the lessons of ex wiensc given at all times to the most powerful human determinations! The governments that wage war do not obtain all that they had hoped for; and when, by necessity or by wisdom, they renounce per petuating war, it is nearly always by a transaction between the mutual pretensions that pace is re-established. England and her allies had promised themselves to prevent the grand son of Louis XIV. and his descendants from establishing themselves on the throne of Spain. LouisXlV., in accepting the crown of Spain for a branch of his house, wished to re serve him his eventual rights to the crown of France. This was the object of the two ambitions in the first' stages of the war. After twelve years of bloodshed and struggle the spirit of pence regained its empire, and the two nations made terms. England and her allies accepted a branch of the house of Bourbon on the throne of Spain. Louis XIV. consented to the complete separation of the right of the two royal houses of France and Spain. This wan the treaty of Utrecht, the true and veritable object of which was " not to give to one ur other of the belligerents all that they had promised themselves from the war, but to give to all of them, by a mutual transaction, the peace of which they stood in need. The men who would misconstrue so evident a fact, and who woulds eck, in the first thoughts of the war of succession in Spain, and not in the definite conditions of peace, which put an end to it, the principal of their pretensions and of their policy ; such would, in truth, be the violaton of the treaty of Utrecht, in its spirit as in the letter, and would incur before Europe, now peace ful and happy, the responsibility of the consequences of that violation. The government of the king faithfully observes the treaty of Utrecht, for he only demands the maintenance of the European balance es established by that treaty. Lard Palmerston, at the very moment that he invokes the treaty of Utrecht on one point, repudiates the fundamental basis of that treaty and affords glimpsesof another policy, which would cer tainly rot be a policy of conservation and of peace. I have followed up my plan. I have corrected in the despatch of 31st October, the serious mistakes •, I have re-established the essential facts according to truths. In a sentiment of peace and convenience, I abs:ain from all which would only serve to feed • discussion now useless. I have at heart, not to ray anything beyond what is necessary, nothing that can hurt in either country ' the much desired re-establishment of that policy of good understanding and mutual good will, to which no one, I have some right to say, has been, and is, so faithful as myself. I think the facts sufficiently explained to close here this debate. I wish on:y in concluding to bring it within its legitimate and constitutional limits. Lord Palmerston brought forward in name a person who should have never appeared in it. My surprise at it was great. My duty commands me to express it loudly, and to recall to mind that the responsibility of the govern ment of the king in this question is mine and mine alone. It is my right and my honour. I request you to read this dispatch to Lord Palmerston, and to give him a copy of it. — I am, de., de. violent a crisis in its short duration, will not unhappily vanish with the same rapidity. The wisdom and the humanity of the governments can alone remedy them. We know the habitual moderation of the cabinet of Vienna, and the communica tions that have been made to me on its account, prove that at the very moment when the serious turn of circumstances attracted its thoughts more partied trly to the necessity of a severe suppression, it nevertheless did not lose sight of the extent and the difficulty of the duties of a pa ternal government, nor of the considerations which recommended clemency. As the natural feelings of auxivty and irritation caused by the insurrection, will have gra -1 dually subsided by the reestablishment of order, the con siderations of which I have just spoken will no doubt resume their legitimate empire, and we stvill certainly fiud a proof of it in tke acts of the Austrian government. As regards the military occupation, under which the republic of Cracow is actually placed, the assurances I have received on the part of Prince Metternich, as well as those received from Berlin, give me, and I had it previously, the full conviction that it is only an exceptionel measure, which will cease as soon as matters will permit of returning to the state of things created by the treaty of Vienna. The respect of treaties is one of the most essential bases of a con servative policy, and I know how much this policy is con formable to all the views of the Austrian government. You will be so kind as to read this despatch to l'rince Metternich, and you can give him a copy of it —I am, &c., &c. OUIZOT TO COUNT FLAHAOLT: PARIS, 23d Much, MlN.—Monsieur le Comte—ln the despatch which you did me the hnnour of writing to me on the Gth inst., under No. 16, you requested me to inform as promptly ea possible, if the government of the King authorised you to deliver pamports to such Poles who, impliea•ed in the late events, de manded them to enable them to retire to France. The government of the King, whatever embarrassments and difficultiesmay result to it from an increase of the already considerable number of refugees in its territory, will not shrink from the call mule at once on its humanity and its policy. It congratulates itself on being able, by giving an asylum to the unfortunate, to facilitate to the Cabinet of of Vienna the realisation of the thought of moderation and of prudence which make it desire not to multiply the number of victims, nor to add new sufferings to those which have already so cruelly expiated a hair-brained attempt. (Private ) COUNT PLARAULT TO MONSIEUR OUIZOT, VIENNA, Arun. 1, 1846.—1 have this instant heard of the departure for Brussels of an attaché to the Legation of Belgium, and I avail myself of it to address you a few lines penned in haste. I went yesterday to the residence of the Prince of Metternich, to read to him your despatch of the 23d March. When I arrived at the passage which treats of the military occupation of Cracow and of the assurances he had in structed :Count d'Appony to give you, and that you had likewise received from Berlin, "that it was but an excep tional measure, destined to cease as soon as the conjunctures should without danger admit of a return to the situation arising on. of the treaty of Vienna," &c., the Prince said to me " that he could but repeat to me what Count d'Appony had stated to you; that the occupation of Cracow is not a political but a cautionary measure dictated by necessity, and justified by the right possessed by every state to guard against impending danger, and that the duration of the occupation depended on this danger." FRENCH BUDGET. We give the most important portion of this docu ment, as found in the speech of the Finance Minister, delivered on the sitting of the 12th. Circumstances have occupied many minds, end pressed heavily on credit—viz., the scarcity of cash and the intim. two of our banks in that respect. The monetary system of France has been frequently criticised by economist,. It is certain that the ad-•ptiou of silver as our p.incipal cir culating medium ; the encouragement which our condition of coinage afford to the importation of silver, and the skill of our refiner's have given to France a superiority in its circu lation of silver over the rest of the continent, and that a very year considerable quantity of ingots come to us to be converted into specie. But, on the other hand, the benefit which for some time has been found by refunding a portion I of these specie, and the tendency manifested by commerce, in several points, to substitute them for piastres, as a com mon measure, and also the considerable exports which have been made to Algeria, of course must have diminished the capital remaining in France. We would not, therefore, venture to guarantee that the amount of cash will be found to be as large as is sup posed by certain persons. But when we consider the small circulation of bank notes and the habits of hoarding which have become common in the country, we cannot be igno rant that the circulating medium nf France coshes relatively to s very considerable sum. The inconveniences of that accumulation of dormant capital has often been shown ; however the events which we are about to reverse seem to demonstrate that tke evil, if it exist, is much less than is supposed. The exports of specie necessitated by the purchase of corn—those being mare considerable, per haps, than other wants—which have arisen on the frontiers of the north and the east, have soon absorbed the extras which is complained of. The bullion in the bank, of which it was said there was too vest an amount, has decreased with such rapidity, that the great establishment has bad co other option between a temporary departure from rules established by prudence on the proportions which the immediately realisable Active ought to have been the demandable Passive. Or the necessity of intro ducing either restrictions in the importance, or an aug mentation of discount of services rendered to commerce. The choice was difficult. The bank was well inspired in its resolutions ; strong in the confidence which nearly half a century of clever and prudent management have acquired in the financial world, it has considered that it might be bold without temerity, and has maintained, during tke two months of difficulties whick have elapsed, to show in the accounts the same figure as in the year 184-5, while the cash in hand has scarcely exceeded a third of that which it was in the preceding year. But an excep tional case like this cannot, of course, be pro long,d without danger, and the sacrifices which the Bank is about to make to amend this case are a necessity. We know that the attention of its council will be coil/tautly devoted to the difficulties which rem do to be surmounted, and the most expedieut ne.asures to be taken in order to conciliate the interest, of commerce, and the guarantees which credit demands. It would not be exact to attribute the whole of our deficit of cash in hand to our exportations to foreign countries. Another and an interior cause has con tributed to the same result. As soon as the deficiency of the late harvest was made manifest, government considered that the most efficacious means to help the population would be to encourage to the utmost every species of labour. In considering the receipts we take as a basis of the calculation the twelve months that precede the preparation of the bud get. The augmentation of the taxable matters having pro duced an incre►se of 1,878,344 f. on the principal, and the additional centimes. The last votes of the general coun cils show another of about a million-and-a-half francs, - - counterbalanced by an equal increase in the expenditure. The remainder presents an increase of 169,360. The revenue of the forest is less. We foresee upon t•-e whole of the taxes and indirect revenue, compared to 1847, an in creme of 23,197,090, which is divided &A follows: Registry CO and Salt 3, stamps 3 ,792 , 373,000 „ 000 francs. MMIS sad Indirect taus, powder, and tobacco 3,806,000 Pest 2,214,000 „ Total s 23,107 000 francs. Adding up these results, we arrive at a flail augment►tion of revenue of 36,330,632 (nines. The sum of the ordinary budget of 1849 presents the following results : Revenue 1,371,392,437 francs. Expenses 1,368,278,127 „ 802 0 116 3,316,330 fence. FRANCE.—We ;cad in th,Atiziliaire Breton of the 9th " The most alarming rumour" were in circulation yesterday at Rennes. It was said that serious disturbances had taken place at Vitre and Fougeres, that at ChAteaubourg the mayorhad had a leg broken in a riot, and the mayor of Angers had been killed. The following, however, is all that has reached us which appears to be true On Tuesday even ing there was an assemblage of about two hundred per sons at Breal, who went to the house of a M. Gilles, a miller and corn dealer, menacing serious outrages. They were dispersed by the gendarmes, but re-assem bled afterwards with an addition to their number, and carried off the lading of two corn waggo, s which were in the street. On the following day Ilya of the mob were arrested and taken to prison. On the 7th, and even yesterday, it was found necessary to have troops on the road betweea Vitae and La Oravelle to protect the waggons laden with corn, which was being carried to Laval. At Livre, on the 6th, • load of corn was stopped by a mob of 250 persons, and on the following day it was sold to the people at the price fixed by the owner and the mayor, viz. 25tr. 60e. the hectolitre; but the mob said that the next time they got hold of any corn they would keep it without paying for it. As to the reports of disturbances at Fougeres, Chlteaubourg, and Angers, they are without foundation." GERMANY.—BERLIN.—The year 1846 has closed with more obscure prospects than any year since 1830. True, no immediate serious cons, quences art to be dreaded at the gathering of the English and French parliament., but it must be considered that the affair of Cracow has called forth, in addition to the protestations of France and England, several more private demonstrations, the effects of which will be sooner or later felt in the Appenine peninsula and other places. Meanwhile, our Bourse has lately worn an aspect as if the dream of universal peace were, at last, maimed. TREVES.-RHEN !RH PROVINCES.—We hear on good authority that a duty of twenty five per cent. has been im posed on the exportation of corn to France. Although this measure, which is equival at to a prohibition, comes late, it may be of some service, as there is a large stock of corn destined for exportation.—Franskfore Gazette. Letters from Odessa state that large exportations acorn still continued to be made for foreign paste. Up to Dec.l3 the value of the exportations amounted to 19,233,067 silver rubles. CRACOW.—We learn by a letter from Cracow that all the diligence' of the Prussian post have been stopped for some time at several points. The revision of the passports of travellers has been carried on with increased vigilanec, not only the police but even picquets of soldiers, commanded by their officers, are charged with this revision. The picquets are in some places so numerous that it is generally believed that the government has some suspicion of a . new conspiracy, and that it intends to arrest any emissaries coming from abroad. THE TURKISH FRONTIERS, DEC. 26.—We learn from Odessa that the cholera has just passed the Arose', and that it is now raging in the neighbourhood of &lien (on the Caspian Sea). An ambaasadaz of the Pope, M. de Elation, had arrived to form with the Porte a diplo matic alliance, and to introduce a commercial treaty.—Allge swine Zeitung. CRACOW. OCUMENTS COMMUNICATED BY THE MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS. parsca DE METTERNICH TO M. LE COMTE D'•PPONT. VIENNA, FEB. 20, 11146.—1 despatch the present courier, in order that you may inform the French government of a fact which teems about to be realised, if, indeed, it is not so already at this moment. You will see by the annexed, that a military occupation of the town of Cra cow has become a matter of absolute and urgent necessity. The extensire conspiracy of the Commu nists which spreads over the Polish tetritory, seems to have made choice of this free city (which has become a haven for adventurers and conspirators), for the theatre on which they intend to strike a blow, long meditated and prepared by the Polish emigration. The arrestations which have recently been made in the grand duchy of Pawn and in Galicia, were provoked by discoveries which place beyond a doubt the ex istence of a conspiracy, the extent of which cannot be esti mated as yet. It is only very lately that Cracow seems to have been chosen by the chiefs of the enterprise. The senate and the peaceful inhabitants of Cracow are, as you will perceive by the annexed, threatened with death sad pillage, and if the enterprise bears the impress of madness, sti is not the less the practical result of the plans adopted by the conspirators. The conspiracy is evidently conducted according to the ideas of communism, and invokes to its as sistance the arms of terror. The Polish emigrants, who were for a long time divided into two factions, the aris tocratical and democratical, now exporience the common fate of revolutions the moderate faction cannot get the better of the wore violent; and the latter will. in its turn, fall under the law which governs those who deaire to go far ther still. What may surprise is, that the chiefs of the aristocratic party at present enter into the views of the communists. Democratic ideas not being applicable to a Slavonic population, such as the people of Poland, these ideas, promulgated by a fraction of the emigration, have' necessarily turned to communism that is, to proiects of plundering property and murdering the landholders. Please to forward the present despatch without di lay to M. Ouizot, and to give him the assurance that he will run no risk, if in his answers to questions that will be put to him, he takes upon himself to assert that in the military occupa tion of Cracow, the Three Protecting Powers do not act with any political view, but merely from a sentiment of duty in order to prevent the peaceful population and the govern ment of that city from becoming the victims of a conspiracy, one of the chief elements of which is a thirst of pillage. P.S. On the 18th, in the morning, a battalion of infantry, a squadron and a half of cavalry, and a half battery of artillery, crossed the Vistula, and occupied Cracow. Public order has not been disturbed in the city. DOCUMENT ANNEXED TO THE DESPAICH OF FEBRUARY 20. VIENNA, FEBRUARY 20TH, 1846.—F0r some time past 1.0- ports from Cracow speak of • secret movement in that town, between the adherents of the revolutionary party, the young men, even of the best families, and a great number of indi viduals of the lower classes; this movement daily increased in intensity; no one any longer doubted that some blow was being meditated in Cracow which was to serve as a signal to the revolutionists of the neighbouring provinces, whose connexion with those of Cracow WAS too plainly proved by the evidence gathered in Galicia and Posen. Well-disposed men, those who possessed any property in Cracow no longer dared to show themselves lest they should be the first victims of the rebellion. Even the authorities and men in place were inti midated by threats uttered publicly, and addressed directly to them by persons well known for their revolutionary senti ments, that they' would be the first objects of the peoples' vengeance if they durst offer any resistance, or go about to take measures for preventing the movement. Such a state of things spread • panic throughout the city, and even paralysed the government of Cracow, which could no longer be under any illusion as to the insufficiency of its means of repression. The residents is the protecting courts at Cracow, ever informed of these intrigues, received in the end positive notice that two chiefs of the Polish revolutionary party were concealed in Cracow, ready to place themselves at t h e head of the insur rection which was to break out between the 20th of Febru ary and the last days of the carnival; that all young men in Cracow, even those who belonged to the most distinguished families, had received a summons to hold themselves in readiness to join at the first signal the chiefs of the revoln tion, who were shortly to make themselves known ; and at the same time those who did not answer the call werethreat rued with ignominy, and such as presumed to give informa tion to the authorities, with death. Such positive notice, and of so alarming a nature, no longer permitted the resi dent, of the protecting courts to remain quiet spectators of what was passing before their eyes, and what was in course of preparation to be acted at • period so near at hand. In consequence, they addressed to the senate of Cracow the question, whether the latter deemed their own strength sufficient to put down the revolutionary movement I which seemed imminent, and to maintain public security and legal order ; and it was only when the senate had made the declaration that they had not the means of so doing, and must consequently leave to the protecting courts the care of taking the measures they might deem most proper to attain that end, that the representatives of the three pro.ecting courts summoned the commander of the imperial and royal troops at Podgorx t, opposite Cracow, that being the nearest point, first to keep himself in readiness, and then to enter the city with a sufficient force for whatever might happen, since the ice on the Vistula threatened to interrupt all com munication for several days. OUIZOT TO COVICT DE nAmAvvr. PARIS, MARCH 23, 1848.—Monsieur le Comte,-1 have received the letters, by which you have successively in formed me of the events which have afflicted the repub lic of Cracow and the kingdom of Galicia. Count d'Ap- PM) had communicated to me a despatch of Prince Metter aseh, the object of which was to prove the necessity of a military occupation of Cracow. and to establish that that measure imperiously demanded by the obligation to protect the peaceful inhabitants and the government of that town, was :n nowise connected with any political views. I need not tell you what a painful sensation wu moved to the govern ment by the dinettes which a mad attempt called down upon the unhappy population of Cracow and of Galicia. Public tranquillity was only disturbed for a moment, and in that tad struggle the strength was too unequally proportioned for it to lie supposed that order would not be speedily re est°44ated ; the evils of every description engendered by so THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, JANUARY 14, 1847. ebt eourt. The Queen and Prince Albert took their usual early walk yesterday, in Claremont-park. Her Majesty and her . Royal Consort again promenaded in the afternoon. The Royal Family took their accustomed walks and rides yesterday. Lord J. Russell left Claremont yesterday morning. A Cabinet Council was held at half-past two o'clock yestkrday at the Foreigu•ottice. The blinistias present were Lord J. Russell, the Marquis of Lansdowne, the Earl of Minto, Sir G. Grey, Viscount l'almeraton, Earl Grey, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Earl of Auckland, Sir J. Ho'house, Lord Campbell, the Earl of Clarendon, Viscount Morpeth, the !tight Hon. T. B. Macaulay, the Marquis of C•anricarde, and the Right Hon. H. Lahouchere. The Lord Chancellor arrived soon after three o'clock, and joined bis colleagues. The Marquis of Lansdowne arrived in town yesterday afternoon, to att e nd the Council, from his scat, Bowood-park, Wilts. The Right Hon. H. Labouchere. arrived in town on Tuesday night from Ireland. Lord J. Russell arrived in town yesterday from Claremont. The Council ant three hours. The Ecclesiastical Commissioners for England had a general meeting yesterday at their office inWhitehall-place. LA PLATA.—A memorial has been addressed to Lord Palmerston from Glasgow, signed by Messrs. Oswald, Stevenson, and Co., 1. and A. Dennistoun, and, in all, about eighty of the chief mercantile firms, praying, in the same terms as the London, Liverpool, and Manch: ster memorials, that immediate steps may be taken for the termination of those hostilities in the river Plate, which have been, and are, so ruinous to the interests of British commerce. To this document Lord Palmerston replied, on the 9th instant, that he was in communication with the French government on the state of affairs in that quarter. DESTITUTION IN IRELAND AND SCOTLAND. PUBLIC MEETING OF CLEROTMEN.—Yesterday a public meeting of clergy, ministers, and others, was held at E seter Hall, Strand, ' to take into consideration the fright ful amount of distress and famine existing in all psrts of the United Kingdom, but more especially in Ireland and the high lands and islands of Scotland; and to consult so to the most de nimble course to be pursued to miti, ate the immense amount of privation and suffering throughout the country." About thirty ministers were present. The chair was taken by the Rev. G. H. Stoddart. _ The CHAIRMAN expressed a hope that their proceedings would he characterised by a spirit of Christian charity. The Rev. H. H. BEARDS!' moved: That, in consequence of the present dearth of food, and the high price of all kinds of pros idens, and the uuderstated facts that deaths from starvation area daily occurrence throughout the united king dom, more especially in Ireland and the highlands and islands of Scot land—lt is the bounden duty of all Christians to make every possible exertion, In order to relieve the present frightful sufferings of their fellow-creatures; for which end the clergy of all denominations he urgently requested to preach in favour of a general collection in their respect:ire churches and chapels • and that, after an urgent appeal has a/so been made to the public at lame, the ministers of the gospel of Christ do personally visit the wealthier residents in their own parishes and congremitions, in order to urge them to contribute to the funds so much needed in behalf of oar countrymen suffering from famine, sickness, and disease, from a want of the common necessaries of life. The rev. gentleman read extracts from the letter of • minister's lady in the south-west of Ireland, of the date of the 30th ult., containing some harrowing detail, of the dir tress in that quarter, most of which have already appeared in the papers. He likewise lead a letter from nine clergymen in the south of Ireland, repudiating the idea that the pea santry were purchasing arms •, also one from a clergyman in Skibbercen, stating that 140 deaths had occurred in the workhouse during the month of December. The Rev. R. Webb, of near Skibbereen, wrote that above 1,000 indivi duals, out of a population of 8,000, had not more than one meal every other day. Numbers died without any one knowing; the dread of fever preventing them from going near each other • many were buried without coffins! If government wavered, or did not take effectual steps st the meeting of parliament, many of the clergy would be driven from their risidenees ; it would be frenzy to stay to witness the people dying off by hundreds. (Hear.) The Iter. A. MANoIN said he had come from Ireland last month ; he was • landowner in Tipperary and Meath he had not received a farthing of his November rents, and should not ask for any while the present distress pre vailed. (Hear.) The Rev. Mr. BLACILIII/RNE moved : That while this meeting expresses its deep sympathy for the suffer ings of the labouring dames throughout the United Kingdom, and especially In Ireland, It hails, with gratitude and admiration, the generous enotrlbotion• of her Majesty, Prince Albert. the Premier, the bankers, and other benevolent individuals, for their relief; and it would further express, apart .•rom any shade of political or party feel log, a ferrentand sincere desire that the leaislatme mar be able to adopt measures effectual for the mitigation of the present di/01,s, under the blowing of God, cakulated to avert the recurrence of similar extreme destitution of the poorer clams The Hon. and Res. B. Non., in seconding the resolu tion, said that about 170.000 persons in Scotland were abso lutely destitute; while in Ireland the calamity was wide spread, and was devouring hundreds and thousands. The people were positively dying by inches, from day to day ; those deaths were not only of the old and infirm, but of the labouring class, who staggered empty and feeble to their work, had died on their way back. Amidst all this suffering, the patience of the people was most exemplary ; they ex hibited the highest virtues, and were well deserving of relief. Let England then step forth, and show to the world what can be done by a people professing and acting on the prin ciples of Christianity. Unless this were done, all that had yet occurred was but the beginning of honors; for the destitution, unrelieved, must continue till next summer. Mr. A. CAMPBELL suggested that "the highlands and islands of Scotland " should he mentioned in the second re solution as well as in the first ; which wan agreed to, and the alteration was made accordingly. The Rev. Dr. CARLISLE recommended that special men tion should be made in the revolution of the Society of Friends, who were giving about 51. for each family in their communion. This war also acceded to. The Rev. Dr. LEIPCHILD moved: That a committee of equal numbers of clergymen, dissenting mini. ters, and of laymen, be appointed to take cognizance of, and record, Information respecting the present distress, In order to submit them fairly nod proper) to the Pohtic It large: to adopt other measures to furtherance of the object of this meeting, such as loing a day for simultaneous collections and prayerful internasion; and that the fal lowing be the committee :—The Rev. G. 11. litoddert, the Rev. Dr. Leirchild, the Rev. Dr. Hine, C. Ccehrane, Esq., the Hon. and Rev. B. Noel, the Rev. 8. 0. Osborne, the Rev. 0. Clarke, B. B. Cabbell, Esq., the Rev. J. Blackburn', the Rev. J. Weeks, the Rev. Dr Carlisle, and the Rev. J. R. Barber. The Rev. Mr. HAZLZWOOD seconded the resolution. Mr. C. COCHRANE recommended that ihTcommittee should suggest to government the propriety of establishing national granaries. He submitted his suggestions in the form of a resolution, which was seconded by Mr. L. J. HANS tRO. A gem leman wanted to attach a rider in favour of opening the ports; but tile chairman thought that would give the movement a political character. The resolution being adopted, thanks were voted to the chairman, and the pro ceedings terminated with prayer. REPEAL OF THE MALT-TAX. A meeting of the Total Repeal Malt-tax Associa tion was held at Radley's Hotel, Bridge-street, Blisckfriars, yesterday. B. Bond Cabbell, Esq , M.P., in the chair. The CHAIRMAN, in opening the business, stated that the object of the meeting was to obtain • total repeal of the malt-tax, and at the same time he was most anxious to have it understood that the society was not influenced by any political motive, and was unfettered from connexion with any party. He wished also to state that the society was not in any way connected with the Agricultural Protection So ciety. Sir R. Peel, when he declared himself in favourof free trade, must have intended to take off the malt-tax ; and no doubt he was prepared to make up the deficiency which it would occasion in the revenue. (Hear, hear.) Gentlemen who appeared as deputations from the follow ing places then read resolutions which had been passed in the districts from whence they came in favour of the objects of the association, vie. Monmouth, Chepstow, Usk, Abergavenny, Hampshire, Gloucestershire, Ipswich, and Peterborough. Mr. FILIWEN, M.P., read a letter from his colleague, Mr. Fuller, M.P., excusing his attendance on the ground of ill health; but expressing his concurrence in the objects of the meeting. Mr. CURTIRS, M.P., also excused himself from attending, I through the medium of • friend ; but stated lie would sup port the objects of the association in his place in parliament. Mr. ELLMAN stated that a resolution in favour of the repeal of the malt-tax, moved by Mr. Bennett, and seconded by himself, at a meeting of the Agricultural Protection Asso ciation yesterday, was carried unanimously ; and, on the recommendation of the Duke of Richmond, it was deter mined that a deputation, consisting of thirty members of parliament and thirty farmers, should wait on the noble Premier on the subject. Lord G. Rentinck stated at that meeting that he was confident the malt-tax might be re pealed without the necessity of increasing the income tax, and his lordship further expressed a desire to see the hop duty taken off. Mr. Saint, the treasurer of the society, stated that he had received communications from various farmers' clubs and anti-malt-tax associations in the kingdom, pledging them selves to make every exertion to carry out the objects of the association; and the number of persons who were daily giving in their adhesion to this great cause was unprece dented. (Hear, hear.) The committee had that day de termined to send a deputation to the great towns in the kingdom, as they had already done in the agricultural dis tricts, feeling confident that they were as much interested in the question as the agricultural body. (Hear, hear.) The funds continued to come in most satisfactorily: and they were devoted to diffusing knowledge on the subject of the malt-tax. Mr. Lsurrecout, from Hertfordshire, then moved the fir. 4 resolution, to the effect that the emaciation having found that the malt tax interfered with the free application of the farmer's capital and industry, and lessened the com forts of the labouring classes--agricultural and manufactur ing—the meeting called on the farmers and inhabitants of towns to unite in demanding the immediate abolition of so obnoxious an impart. Mr. TAUNTON, from Hampshire, seconded the resolution, which was carried unanimously. Mr. CHRETHAM, from Rutlandahire, moved the second resolution, to the effect, that the association would continue to act without any reference ro party politics circles,. interests. Mr. HUDSON, jun., from Worcestershire, seconded the re solution, which wu carried unanimously. Mr. Rocotrio, from Hampshire, proposed the next reso lution, which invited subscriptions in aid of the objects of the association. Mr. Setters, from Sussex, in seconding the resolution, here testimony to the great utility of malt in the fattening of cattle. Major CURTICS referred to the rceent Worcestershire and Lincolnshire elections, and blamed the formers for not exact ing from the candidates on those occasions a pledge to vote for a repeal of the malt teL Mr. TAtI?iTON begged the meeting not to forget that there would shortly be an election for Middlesex, wheu he hoped the agriculturists would only support anti-malt tax candi datee. (Cheers.)—The reso'utiou was then put ud carried. Mr. ROWLEY, from Nottinghsnishire, moved, and Mr. Locxx, from Norfolk, seconded the fourth resolution, the purport of which was, that the proceedings of the meeting should be atlveltised in such papas as the committee might determine. Thanks were then voted to the treasurers (Dieters. Smith and Collyer), to the committee, and to the chairman ; after •hick the meeting separated. MARINE. ALLIANCE LIFE OFFICIL—At the annual general meeting of the shareholders in this company, held yesterday at the offices in Capel-court, an exceedingly favour able report was presented by the directors of the company's affairs. A dividend of 6 per cent. was declared; several directors and other officers who went out of office by rota tion were re-elected ; and the meeting separated after the usual acknowledgment of the chairman's services. RItYMNY IRON MINING COMPANY.—A general meeting of shat Beholders in this company was held yesterday at the Loudon Tavern, Mr. Wilson in the chair, for the purpose of considering a resolution proposed by Mr. Child, a proprietor, to alter the deed of settlement, which provides that the division of profits shall only be made on an oversee of five years, to that the division shall in future be made annually, leaving to the directors the discretion of a necessary reserve. In opposition to this resolution the board of directors proposed that the profits should in future be on an average of three years, as best suited to the interests ef the company ; but after • very protracted and desultory discus sion, on a vote being taken, the original resolution of Mr. Child was carried by amajority, and the meeting separated. THE LATE GEORGE BTNG, ESQ.—The mortal re mains of this much-lamented gentleman will be interred in the family vault at Wrotham, on Monday next. INQUEST, YESTERDAT.—DF.ATII BY FlRE.—Before Mr. Bedford, at St. George's hospital, on the body of Sarah Winckworth, aged 19, who died from lock-jaw, occasioned by burns sustained under the following melancholy circum stances :—The deceased was in the service of Mr. Layton, Grove House, High-street, Putney. On the afternoon of Monday, the 28th ult., she was sitting by the kitchen tire, when her master's child, two years old, began screaming violently, a book which it had in its hand having caught fire from deceased's gown, on to which a spark had fallen and set in flames. Ds-ceased having placed the child in misty, called loudly for assistance, whien, attracting Mr. Layton and his brother, she was by them discovered running about in great agony, all her clothes having been burnt off her person, with the exception of her stays and under gar ment, which were then in a blare. The fire being extin guished, she was immediately conveyed to the above hos pital, where she was found to be shockingly burned. The usual semedies in such cases were adopted ; she went on very favourably till Saturday last, when she was seized with tetanus, of which she died on Sunday evening. Verdict, " Accidental death." LORD LINCOLN AT MANCHESTER. MANcue:sren, JAN. 13.—A meeting of the friends and supporters of Lord Lincoln was held at the Corn Ex. change last ev. ning, at which his lordship was present, with a view to explaining his political sentiments. Alderman Neild presided, and there was a large but not crowded attendance; probably 1,500 or 2,000 persons were present. The Conservatives had taken the precaution to limit the admission to persons who held ticket& having the signature of the secretary; but notwithstanding, many persona of ad verse politico were present, and the meeting was one throughout characterised by much confusion. Lord LINCOLN presented himself, and said, that owing to the non-presentation of the address, he was not untitled to address themes a candidate, but he should grieve that one single vote, if be became a candidate, should he given him under any false impression, and therefore it was he appeared before them to explain his political sentiments. He had been accused of great immodesty in being prepared to pre sent himself before the constituency of Manchester, and he should have acquiesced in that condemnation if he could have dreamed of voluntarily aspiring to such an honour ; but he begged it to be distinctly understood he had come forward at the request of a large—at least he wefl here this even. ing, and if eventually he should accept the requisition, he should then be a candidate on the demand of a large—body of the constituency. Two most opposite objections had been raised against him as a candidate. They had been told that he wee opposed to all reform, but how did they reconcile with that the opposite objection urged by the press in Lon don, that he was one who had evinced such destructive ten- 1 dencies that there was no candidate, of whatever radical opinions, that would not be preferable? He would deal with the first objection by pointing to the course pursued the whole time he held office in Sir Robert Peel's government. Did not that government from the first commence that great economical reform which terminated in the repeal of the corn law ? Why, within the year 1842, and the moment at which he was speaking, upon 500 and upwards of articles had the duty been entirely repealed, and upon 720 other articles the duty had been materially re lieved. Did they call thin no reform? It was one of the greatest moral and social revolutions peaceably obtained the world ever saw. Our brethren on the great continent 'of America have followed our example; and depend upon it, that system of policy begun by England, and followed by America, could not long remain without imitators. (Three cheers for the League were here proposed and given, fol lowed by some cries of " Shame.") Well, if the conse quences of those measures as regarded the world were likely to be momentous, what had been the effect upon England herself? In 1842, when this re form commenced, the revenue was deficient nearly 4,000,0001. At the end of four years afterwards there was a surplus of nearly that amount, making a change of 8,000,0001. He acknowledged that the means to effect this object had been the income-tax, amounting to 5,000,0001. • year; but, on the other hand, the taxes weighing on the industrious classes, which had been removed, were very nearly 7,000,0001. Then let him turn to the effect on the import and export trade of the country--4 matter in which Manchester was materially concerned. In 1841 the value of imparts to this country was 64,000,0001.; in 184.5 it had increased to 85,000,0001. The value of manufactures exported was in 1841 upwards of 51,000,0001., whereas in 1845 it was up wards of 60,000,0001. Here was another fruit of that policy and progressive commercial reform for which those opposed to him in this town thought the members of the late government deserving of no credit whatever. Then to show that the benefits resulting were not con fined to those of • pecuniary character, he referred to the state of crime previous to and subsequent to 1843. Taking three periods from 1836 to 1645, crime increased at the rate of 5, 10, and 21 per cent. respectively ; but the effect of theee reforms between 1842 was to produce a decrease of six per cent. (Applause.) If he was asked it' this policy had been fully carried out, he would reply, the great and heavy port of the work had been already cut out ; but he be lieved something yet remained to be done, and he could not doubt that the present government would follow out the same policy. If be had been made a sudden convert, motives had been imputed, which, indeperulenly of any other consideration, were of so ridiculous a nature as not to be worth while alluding to; but if the imputation were true, still the question of time was almost all that stood between himself and almost every other person in the House of Commons. Had not rlmost every statesman's mind (the late Mr. Huskiseon's and Lord John Russell's), undergone an alteration on the subject of the corn law ? To show that hie own conversion had not been so sudden, he referred to his speech at Nottingham, in February last. There were great and important changes in our commercial system strongly advocated at the present moment He be lieved that those changes had already attracted considerable attention here. He alluded to the reduction of the tea duties. I know that great difference of opinion exists among extremely well informed mercantile and commercial men with regard to the effect of a reduction of the tea duties, some contending they might be reduced to one shilling per pound, without any lose to the exchequer, and others con tending that the whole amount of the reductions would be an unmitigated loss. I ant sure you will all forgive me, having due regard to the public revenue, which I conceive every member of parliament ought to consider, for nut now committing myself upon this question by any promise to you ; and, at any rate, the men of Manchester at least will concur with me in this, that no step must be I taken as regards relaxation of duties which bring so large a sum into the Exchequer as the tea duties or the malt tax, which would place in jeopardy the fortunes of those men whose fortunes depend upon the security of the public funds, and for maintaining which the nation is bound to keep up an ample and sufficient revenue. Another important question was thatornational eduction, and he anticipated that some measure on this point would be brought forward by the present government. They would recollect that the late government brought forward a measure. It raised a great opposition amongst a large class of the com munity. It had, however, one beneficial result. It gave a great impetus to voluntary exertions. The church of England raised a vast sum of money, upwards of 100,0001., within a very short time, for the purpose of extending eucation in the manufacturing and mining districts of England and Wales. (Hear.) The dissenting body, not to be outdone by these benevolent exertions of the church of England, imme diately proceeded in the same course. He forgot the exact sum which they raised, Malt was very considerable. He re collected there were great and mighty efforts—efforts which could not be repeated continually--efforts which can be un dertaken only periodically. He questioned whether any one, in his lifetime, can expect to see again two such efforts made for similar objects. And what has been the result ? He firmly believed that the result of the expenditure of these two large sums of money has only been to make still more apparent the great deficiency which exists in the education of this country. His lordship proceeded: Now, gentlemen, a short time ago—this subject of national education very naturally brings me round to this point—l received a letter from a gentleman in this town, the Rev. Hugh Stowell, putting to me a question—(hear, hear)—whether or no I would pledge myself to oppose any further national con cessions to the Romish church. Now, my answer to the Rev. Mr. Stowell has been. I believe, a great deal mis understood. I wrote to him, fully explaining why I was desirous not to answer the question then, and it was simply this :—I wished to reserve myself for a public opportunity, when anything which I might say, which was not perfectly intelligible, might be again explamed by any question to be put to me by those present. I do consider it desirable that the ministers of religion labouring amongst men should lead them in the path of fear, sobriety, and attach ment to the laws; and b. lieve me, I think it would be im portant to place, for this purpose, in an independent position the Roman Catholic clergy of Ireland. (Hear.) Well, gentlemen, I know how much importance is attached by a large clan of the community upon this point, and therefore I am peculiarly . anxious to explain to you, unreservedly and truly, my opinion upon it. I know the difficulties in the way of • settlement. I know the strong religious objec tions which exist on that subject in this country. I know that a certain part of the established church object to it, —I know that the opinion of that great and important body, the Wesleyan@ of this country, in to a great extent up posed to it—l know that the church of Scotland resist it— I know, and again let me call to mind the word " con ceasion"—l know that a considerable portion of the Roman Catholics themselves, in Ireland, do not like the proposal. Seeing, then, these great objections, I know bow difficult it must be to overcome them—l know it may require, p, rhaps, a lapse of time and an alteration of public opinion which I certainly do anticipate to take place on this point, before it can be judiciously considered. I know that st is the opinion of the leader of the present government, and that he is not likely to propose it ; but I should not be doing my duty, nconciling it to my own conscience, if, entertaining these opinions, however little I thought it likely they would be carried into execution in a short time, if I did not explain them frankly and freely to you. His lordship expressed his disapprobation of the Factory Bill, and after adverting briefly to his Drainage Bill, and saying he admitted that large towns should have powers locally constituted to work such a measure if paved, then adverted to the present state of Ireland. Gentlemen, there is one most important national subject upon which 1 should like to touch slightly—it is that of the present state of Ireland. Gentlemen, lam con vinced that a crisis has arrived in the affairs of that country, which requires more wisdom and boldness than perhaps ever was required by any ministry before, in any state of the country. I believe that upon the exercise of that wisdom and boldness in the ensuing session, will de pend much of the welfare and happiness of our sister country. I ant sure that under such circumstances, and with such feelings, I should grossly neglect my duty if I should in the slightest degree prejudice, impair, or render more difficult, those measures which the government may introduce on this subject. I will forbear t touch '.n dis puted topics—the poor-laws for Ireland, the cultivation of waste lands, or any of those subjects likely to be sub mitted to the legislature. I think that it will he more be coming in me to be silent on those points ; but I will say, as regards that country, that the sentiments I entertain towards it, when connected with it by the most im portant ties of official relationship, shall he immutable, and maintained by tee when an independent member of the House of Commons. I have contracted an anxiety for and regard for the welfare of, that country which is not likely to be changed by any circumstances that may occur to myself; and this I am prepared to say, that I shall be ever found an advocate for a liberal policy towards that country; that I shall be found to be an advocate for granting to Ireland an equality with this country in all civil rights. Discord and sedition had unfortunately been at times but too common in that ill-fated country (Ireland). But let it be ours to deprive them, at any rate, of any excuse fur such conduct. I believe that we shall eventually remove both discord and sedition ; but let us, at least as loyal sub jects, and good fellow-countrymen, be guiltless of such con : sequences. (Hear, hear.; Now, gentlemen, I appre hend that this question of Mr. Stowell, although put in that very general, and, I think, vague form, and to me an objectionable form, did in its essence contain this question, " Are you willing, under any circumstances which may arise, to pay the Roman Catholic priesthood of Ireland i" (Hear, hear.) I come, then, first to the question, do you see any rational objection, on the score of religion, against such a grant; and I have, moreover, to consider whether, in my own conscience, I feel that I ought not to be a party to such a measure. I look to the national point of view, and what do I see ? I see that throughout the whole of our colonies—in Canada, at the Cape of Good Hope, in Jamaica, in New South Wales, in British Guiana, and in various other places, that not only is the Roman Catholic priesthood paid by the state, but that various other religious denominations have derived very considerable emoluments from the same source—l allude to the Dutch church, the Wesleyan', and other bodies. Perhaps I may be told, as others have been, that as regards their colonies, we are bound by treaties, and that, therefore, we can't help ourselves, however strong may be our objections. In the first place, I have to say that this is not true, and, if it were, that it is no argument at all. The question of treaties, i( it applied to any colony, applies only to Canada ; and even there if there were strong religious objections—if it were said that to give any aid to the Roman Catholic priesthood would be an infraction of religious duty, we have no right to profit by our iniquity, we ought not to be bound by treaties in such a case. Ido not mean that we should violate such a treaty, but that we should surrender the benefit we derive from it, and so get rid of the bargain. (Hear, hear.) No justification of a treaty can for a moment interfere with the performance of • religious and a national duty. (Hear, hear.) Well then, gentlemen, viewing it as I do, that there is no national objection—feeling in my mind that there is nothing which in my conscience I can object to, and knowing that I myself am u firm and conscientious a Protestant and member of the Church of England as any man here present—(cheers)—l say feeling that neither to myself individually, nor as a member cf the great commu nity of this nation, is there in my mind any objection to this course, it remains for me to consider whether such a measure is politic, expedient, wise, and just. (Hear, hear.) Now, I proceed to consider that, and in the first place, looking at the condition of the people of Ireland—having taken • great deal of pains to inform myself on this subject—having made most anxious inquiries during a tour in that island.-having thought and reflected on the subject for many years past, I have come to the conclusion that it would be politic, wise, and just, if means could be found to pay the Roman Catholic clergy. (Cheers.) In what position is the priesthood placed at present ? Recollect that the religious community of Ireland stands in a different position from what we do in this country. Here the rich and the poor are mingled together. Here the rich and the poor alike prelim, some one particular tenet and some another; but of course the large majority that of the established church. But what is the case in Ireland ? The rich and the few, but the rich mainly—the rich and the middle classes. I am now speaking more particularly of the Roman Catholic districts in the south and south-west—the poor are the main body of the Roman Catholic religion." His lordship spoke for upwards of an hour and • half, and he was subsequently catechised on the subject of the imme diate repeal of the present corn-law, the extension of the suffrage, the ballot, and other political reforms, to ell of which he declared his dissent. Two resolutions were passed, one thanking his lordship for this exposition of his senti ment., and the other that the canvass be prosecuted with all possible activity. The meeting lasted three hours. IRELAND. DUBLIN, JAN. 12. The judges consulted together yesterday on various matters affecting the interests of the profession. Two subjects have transpired ; one as to the fees pay able both for entry on the books and the call to the bar, and the other of a dietetic character. Both were not unworthy of judicial consideration, as the fees are higher than in England without any value ; and the dinner charges, or rather the half-weekly compulsion, emptied the hall, and left the benches alone. The new tariff, it is supposed, will improve the dinner, lighten the payment, and fill the hall—all very commendable results. There will be a levee to-morrow, which is likely to be the most fully attended since George the Fourth was in Ireland. The court dressmakers understand the value of their wares. In the absence of less exciting, though scarcely more interesting topics, your readers may wish to be informed of valuable improvements about to be effected in our system of national education. The changes about to be made affect the materiel of the boards, officers, and the staff of the society. One of the measures already decided on is the appointment of four inspectors-general, one for each province. Another is an augmentation of the district inspectors, to which body six, I am informed, will be added. The latter will be selected by the commissioners on Thursday next. Of the four inspectors-general, only one has, I be here, been as yet named—Mr. J. W. Kavanagh, who filled the office of inspector in Cavan, and was pre viously teacher of the model schooL Mr. Kavanagh is author of some elementary works used in the national and in private schools. These improvements and extensions in the system evince the determination of the commissioners to work it with great vigour and more complete and extended usefulness. It is just to the commissioners to state that the appointment above-mentioned indi cates their resolve to make competency the basis of promotion. Mr. Kavanagh is a young man, and entered the model-schools u a pupil, raising himself, by his own intelligence and energy, to his present position, which the board has the merit of having made without solicitation. This conduct on the part of the board must serve to en courage the teachers to acquire knowledge—to be sedulous in their duties—and the inspectors to be energetic in inculcating the educational advantages the system is intended to impart. I have also been given to understand that the salaries of the teachers will be augmented, and a system of promotion for merit instituted, which will render their positions much more comfortable than they are at present. THE LANDLORDS' COMMITTEE. I.— 1. That the direct employment of the great mass of the able.bodied people by the state has an unavoidable tend• eney to par.]) se industry., and to substitute artifci►l for na tural labour.-2. That any system of relief to the able-bodied that don not lead to the incfease of food, or articles that may be exchanged for food,will diminish the capital of the country, and that just in proportion as capital decreases poverty will in crease.-3. That, therefore, any measures of relief for the able bodied ought to have for their object the encouragement of the employment of labour by private individuals in produc tive works, and that the efficacy of their action, as a stimulus to encourage and force such employment, will be the mea. sure of their utility.-4. That in order to place the owners and occupiers of land in a position in which they can be acted upon by such a stimulus, the whole energies of the state should be applied to the absorption of surplus labour, to the affording facilities for private employment, and to the removal of the impedimenta that now obstruct it. " That to absorb surplus labour, and at the same time to increase the food produce of the country, piers and harbours for fishery purposes, and model curing houses, with salt depots attached, should be established along the coast.- 6. That with the like object of absorbing labour, and in creasing our food supplies, a systematic plan should be adopted for the reclamation of waste lands throughout the country.--7. That in any such system an option should be given to the proprietors of waste lands to undertake the ' reclamation themselves; and in order to enable them to do so, means should be placed at their disposal for obtaining public loans for that purpose—the security of such loans to be confined to the land improved—and (subject to due pro tection of reversionary interests) every possible facility should be afforded of elk uating their waste lands for the purp 'se of reclamation.-8. That with the view of further absorbing labour, our representatives be instructed to lay claim to such expenditure upon works and objects of a national character, such as naval dockyards, safety harbours, and packet stations, as ought of right to be allotted to this country.-9. That in adaition to these measures a scheme of eystematic colonisation would, is our opinion, provide the means of subsistence to a large portion of our destitute population—would relieve many districts in this c untry, which are now unable to support their inhatUtants—aould benefit the colt:ref:l by supplying them with laboir ould increase the supply of t,,od throughsut the world, by bring ing fresh land into cultivation—and would largely extend the market fur home manufactures.-10. That the class which it is th Sifal,lo to see emigrating cannot, of course, do so by their own rt sources ; and that no one of the other classes benefited by the operation would, separately taken, find it so profitable as to ensure their carrying it out upon a large scale.— 11. That it is, then fore, peculiarly the pro- vince of the state, which represents and protects the in terests of all collectively, to promote emigration by direct in tervention, as well as by assisting with information and pecuniary aid, the efforts of individuals and public bodies in promoting this most desirable result. 111.-12. That for affording facilities fir private employ ment, the drainage acts shall be simplified and consolidated; and that tenants for life, and other proprietors having • limited estate, shall be enabled to obtain public loan.. (to be a charge exclusively on the land improved), for other permanent improvements on land, besides drainage, without application to the Costa of Chancery, provided such per manent improvement shall increase the value of the land seven per cent. per annum; that all such public ads ances shall he repaid on the principle of the million act, in twenty two annual instalments ; and that a certain per tentage shall toe fixed, beyond which preliminary expense and expenses of inapeccon shall not exceed.-13. Thrt with • like object tenants, with the consent of their landlords, shall have power to apply for public loans in the came mincer u the proprietor himself, and to charge the lands improved with the repayment of the money advanced—the tenant ren dering himself responsible for the annual instalments that shall accrue due during the period of his occupation; and that in order to encourage the inveatn.ent of the tenant's own capital upon his land, his right to compensation for permanent improvement, in case of his removal, shall be recognised by law. IV.-It. That to remove the obstacles that now obstruct employment, the laws which regulate the management of estates under the courts of equity should be revised sad amended, and facilities should he given to landed proprie tors to sell portions of their estates for the laymen: of char.:ea. --Id. That with a like object, and to diteinish theenormous expense and delay' that now exist in these matters, cheap and simple modes should be devised for the transfer, parti tion, and exchange of landed property. V.-16. That, in addition to these measures, for the ab sorption of surplus labour, far the affording facilities of pri vate employment, and for the removing of the obstacles that now obstruct it, we are of opinion that other measures of an economical and social nature are imperatively called for.- 11. That among the most prominent of these is an amendment of the present grand jury system ; and as great inconveniences have arisen from the want of permanent bodies for the adrainistr ition of county affairs, we would recommend that all the fiscal powers of grand juries should be transferred to county and baronial boards.- 18. That in such a change we would recommend that the present system of road repair contracts should be modified ; and that all works should be kept in n pair under the superiutendence of the baronial boarda.- 19. That it is also expedient to raise the social state of our agricultural labourer; and that, as we believe, one of the molt efficacious means of effecting this will be the improve ment of his habitation, we aro of opinion that nua‘iirea should be adopted to enable proprietors to improve the habi tations of the labouring poor, and, by proper suitor). regu lations, to render it the interest of landholders that every dweller on their estates should have a good and healthy habi tation.-20. That it is likewise highly expedient to increase and disseminate agricultural knowledge, and with this view we are of opinion that baronial boards should have the power of establishing model farms in each barony, presided over by proper agriculturists.-21. That among the most prominent evils of the present land system is the want of • cheap and simple mode of checking waste, and therefore we are of opinion that measures should be taken to rthiedy this.- 22. That with a view of relieving owners and occupiers of the soil from any burthens that unfairly press upon them, we would recommend that the expense of gaols, lunatic asylums, and criminal prosecutions, Abell no :.pager remain a charge upon landed property, that in future all climes who derive an income out of lands, shall bear their equitable proportion of the taxation which affects it.-23. That haying now suggestea what appears to us to be the best means of absorbing surplus labour, and removing the obstacles which fetter private enterprise, we express our firm and deeply fixed conviction that any system of relief for the support of the destitute, which is not based on the print iple of distin guishing between the proprietor who performs his duty and him who neglects it, by exempting the former from any tax ation that may be rendered necessary by the default of the latter, will be most injurious to the interests of every class in the community. Resolved—That in addition to the resolutions already published, respecting temporary measures, the resolutions now laid on the table, in relation to permant measures, be submitted to the conference of peers, members of the house of commons, and landed proprietors of Ireland, to be holden at the Itotundo, on Thursday next That the secre taries be authorised to publish these latter resolutions, and circulate them as extensively as possible previous to the meeting.—J. Bovrox idAtisev , Chiurtnan.—Signed by order of the committee. SCOTLAND. EDINBURGH, JAN. 12. The finance committee of the Highland Destitution Board met yesterday, but no proceedings of any im portance took place. The amount lodged in the Kink was reported as amounting to 10,0001., which sum would, of course, be greatly short of the amount sub scribed. Some squabbling took place as to the delay shown by the Free Church party in handing over their collections to the general fund, as it was under stood they intended to do. The reason they assign for the delay is, that the contributions having been raised from all parts of the country indiscriminately, they cannot transfer the amount to the Edinburgh committee, which is so far local until it en-operates with the other committees to be formed in other dis tricts, in such a way as to invest it with general functions. &LOKI Tnir.—Tbe director" of the Glasgow• and Ayr Railway have diminished the hours of weekly labour from 60 to 58, of the engineers and other mechanics in their em ploy. A request from the mechanic* for this was recently made, and at once granted without any reduction of wages, thus allowing them a couple of hours on Saturday afternoon for recreation._ SURGICAL OPERATION WITHOUT PAIN. —Tae VAPOUR o► ETHER.—An experiment of the new discovery by which an operation can be performed without the patient suffering pin wee made at the Edinburgh Infirmary, on Saturday, by Mr. Duncan. The patient was a young man, week and emaciated from severe and prolonged suffering, consequent on a railway accident, and whose limb it was deemed necessary to amputate at the middle of the thigh. After inhaling the vapour of ether for about two minutes, he became quite insensible to pain, and the operation was proceeded with, the anodyne influence being maintained during its progress by the continued administration of the ether. The proceedings did not occupy above ten minutes, and were most successful, as, throughout the whole time, the insensibility to pain was complete. What formed a very remarkable trait in the operation was the consciousness on the part of the patient of all that was going on. His eyes continued open, and he readily answered the questions put to him, describing with great calmness that he felt no pain of any kind. The pulse of the patient remained unaltered, and in every other respect .the appearances at the operation were precisely similar to others of the same kind. SHOCKING CANE AT GRRENOCIL—An instance of the fearful depravity that prevails among the poorer classes, e ven now in the midst of dear provisions and distressing penury, occurred in Cowgate-etrtet, Greenock, on ?don day e Toning last. A seaman had just arrived (romans that night, and on reaching his home, after a long voyage, saw his wife stretched cold and lifeless on the floor—her head reclining on the all but dead body of a drunken companion, who, it seems, had been drinking in company with her during the day. The deceased had been several hours dead, and the drunken wretch, over whom the cold corpse was lying, was quite unconscious of her own condition or her danger, until the poor sailor mused her up, after removing the body of his unfortunat, wile. He sent for the district surgeon immediately, but an attempt at resuscitation of the deceased was useless, and a short time longer would h►ve placed her wretched companion it, the rme position. PROVINCIAL. THE INFLUX OP IRISH PAUPERS is still bi•terly CONS plair.ed of in Liverpool. The evil is said to Mauve at • rate quite alarming. Every day the doors of the parish offline are completely blockaded by starving ob j ects, or by pretend ers to destitution, seeking relief. On Monday, the 4th inst., of casual poor, chiefly Irish, and many only just arrived, there were relieved (with breed and soup tickets), of men, women, and children, 3,233 individuals ; on Tuesday, 3.237 ; on 'Wednesday , 4,511 ; on Thursday, 4,692 ; on Friday, 5,426; and on Saturday, the 9th, B,362—making for the week. 29,417 cum The money relief thus administered is 1231. 3s. 104. In addition to this, there mu paid in 161. money, for the relief of casual sick, on Monday 4th,2.5. 6d. ; on the sth, 301. 55.; on the 6th, 291. 19s. Gd. ; on the 7th, 141. sa. ; on the Bth, 111. 18a. ; and on Saturday the 9th, 431. 16s. The total amount paid for casual poor, relieved in money, bread, and soup, according to the above account, was, fn. the week ending Saturday, the 9:11 instant, 269/. 9.n. 10d. By way of showing the increase of the out door relief which is being administered over that of last }car it may be stated that in the corresponding week o f 1846 , 3 , 280 cases put down as regular poor, wire relieved at a cost of 381/. 3s. There was no administration of relief in bread and soup in that veer. The amount, however, iarludes the casual sick. buring the same wok this year, the poor relieved, also including the casual sick, have bona 4,197 cum, at a coot of 5461. 10a. 104. ; sad, adding to Ibis 7