The Express. — London, England, 1852-04-16 00:00:00

gitt entreso. • ma..t !mama 74 mi. 11111111.01 pabibibml every Tures, mat elala, b tim ♦ posl. tm ~..mmtslaroodid for "TM Exprao," lambs Itmolos yoper, ram ee at the 011 or, 10, BouraMairort, by Tim /Nook an Or My if pabliolim MOH WATIR AT LONDON BRIMS Ins D..-nendag. 111. Us. .......Anlnnes. I. en. tibinnenr-aguniag. lb. In ....Minn% 11. V. LONDON, FRIDAY, APRIL 16. IN reply, apparently, to our remarks on the war like policy which our cruisers, and, we regret to add, some of our missionaries, are pursuing on the west coast of Africa, a show of explanation and defence appeared in a contemporary journal on Tuesday. Not, however, in its leading columns; but in the shape of a review of a " Vocabulary of the Yoruba Language." And as the work thus converted into a peg whereon to hang the reply has not yet been published, we si.all not probably be wrong in ascribing at least the inspiration of the explanation either to Downing street or Salisbury-square: both responsible for the policy and the acts we have objected to. It is clear that neither the Foreign-office nor the missionaries can justify their polio, bow of the increase in 18.31 of the slave trade. - For who t' ey involved England in h os tiliti e s an WI 00101 d Benin, that trade had almost diaapiord 1 Mid OW authority for its disapp e a rance are t heir own episto latory statements and parliamentary returns. The weakness of this advanced outwork is indeed felt. So behind are raised other defences et a nosy singular and remarkable character. There Is, it is stated, between Lagos and Abomi, in the interior, a superior race of negroes, of various tribes, bet all speaking the same language, the Yoruba, and the a tongue of considerable cultivation and caprioles. This people are inclined to agricultural lived peaceably and happily in villages us chieftains when CLAPPERTON pared three. their country in 1823 ; are the enemies of the dm tirade and the friends of white men ; have a strew desire to carry on lawful commerce; but, being en interior people. they hare no outlet for their indurry, except the slave ports in tbe Bight. The happy condition of this peopledescribed by CLAPPERTON has, the theory ruse, betn dhturbed by the King of Dsnost; in his slaving expeditions he has ravaged and harried their eon try, unsettled society, and rendered agricultural pee suits and village residence dangerous. In self defence. it is further alleged, some of the principal of the Yoruba tribes formed and fortified the tows of Abet okuta; thither went largo parties of libe rated Africans from Sierra Leone ; these have been followed by the missionaries; and there are now, it is concluded, in Abeeokuta the means of civilisilg this part of Africa, if (for there is an if in the matter, and an important one too) England will protect hard working Abeeokuta from the enemies which it is with some inconsistency, admitted, surround it—if , in short, we, the people of England, will destroy the military power of the King of D mom and of the Yews in the interior, and maintain friendly chiefs in authority at Lagos, Porto Novo, liadagry, and along the Bight. Accompanying this glowing description of the Yoruba race and of Abecokuta are, however, some statements disturbing its general consistency. The Yoruba people amount, it is said, to three millions. This probably is a statement made without much cocsideration : for it may well be doubted whether there is anything like that number of people be tween the Senegal and the Niger; much less in the Yoruba territory, lying, wo are told, between Abonn and Lagos, and not occupying in length mow than 220 miles. But, assuming its asearacy, what need can a compact, and se we nisi see a war like, race of three millions et people, bay demand help igainst the I Mhembes. lA% sep ft Ciii Foams are under 400,01116 and lie Was, • mere tribe. If the Ti ffi n Imam three millions, they an, it is gable ohor, very mil able to take care of theme case vie die meat less populous Debenieset mud de net require eye protection and intaelbrence. And that was meetly what they were doing when we commenced to interfere in their affairs. The hostilities of Darwin bad induced various tribes of the Yoruba race to congregate at Abceokuta; there they formed a walled town; living, much after European fashion on the downfall of the Roman Empire, each tribe in a particular part of the town under its own chief. In every respect Abeeokuta wu a likely and very remarkable beginning; full of promise to Africa In nothing, however, more encouraging, than in the spontaneity of its growth. Such a town ought to have been left, mainly and priori ty, to its own development. Nothing could better than missionaries settling there; than in our great religious societies making it the object of their moral support ; than in private persons twisting it with means and money. Nothing worse than this country assuming its political protection, interfering in its quarrels and its wars, attempting through the missionaries to govern it, forcing its growth, eockering its people ;—and that is just what we are doing. For, interesting and important a specimen as Abee okuta is of negro development, " distance lends en chantment to its view." According to our contem it contains 60,000 people. Whereas in a ra r mr i pllet lately issued the population is only set down at 50,000. A native authority in the Lagos Blue Book, makes it 80,000; and Consul Benciorr, in the enthusiasm which when there destroyed his judgment, fancied he could count 120,000. The lowest of these estimates is, in our opinion, far too high; and for this simple reason, that in Africa such a number as 50,000 people could cot find subsistence in a town ; owing to the inefficiency of all means of conveying thither supplies of food. Nor is the population of the town, whatever its extent, all our contemporary's fancy pistons if. There are disputes, quarrels, and fi ghts at Mow kuta as in other African towns ; the old pledisied and the idol-worship party are violently to the missionaries, and to white Btu., wham t M to drive away; central power et onoinia h none; attacks on their neighbours mid as Ibir towns, as, for example, on Pokers and ONO. don, are occasionally indulged in ; the Ideneled Africans from Sierra Leone have, it is admitted by their friends the Missionaries, lapsed into anus trading habits; and in a letter adrenal by Me. TOWNSEND to Captain FANSHAWIt. it is 01111.1.1 by the former, the PRITCHARD of the pkgs, dm* aim ' trade suppression treaty would be ware ems We de net think there is sufficient power Is so swat of this place to warrant their making a 1111112 immediatesuppression of the slave trade. If they as some probes • Suers dining for it, we think it impassible far them to keep it, with the little red pow the government puma. Such is the town over which oar mbileserimbirm obtained great power. Unfaetaesleir s they seem to have entered loon. seal smitio lm a its political concerns; they have joined In lhebeadby of Abeetiketa towards Lagos i presumed ke Is am& boos of war wherewith to mat Dalimell the bullets were very andel, and are thanktellyloolllll4 by the chid'," mys Mr. Townson; in sae of his letters—and lave put themselves at the head of the War party. " What," inquires the same geatismen, a walla the Peace Society have done behind the wads with theca endisciplinedbarbariest ado= attack." And the military position the thus assumed at AU:adults they have, OM mime unfortunately, bad inflames esongli at home to induce the Foreign-ollee to adopt and carry out. About twelve months ago the Xing et DA/101U, with an army variously stated at 10,000 and 2/4000 Some, advanced cm Abeeokuta. On the ardefMarek a desecrate battle wee fought under its wads, in which the ZINO was wonted. Next day, some fourteen miles on his retreat, another engagement balk.. with the same result : facts proving well ebb tie Bibb of Abeeckuta are to defend themselves and to punish their simailants. Now, in inhereing the naval authorities of them and victories, Mt. °DELMER fold vely 3 What willP Ousesida r i m as * this sad affair ? The Mks Oa neither. He ought to in le believe sod obey. 1 Inge "piglet losionon. And in this &readers the at am tsar steps. The Ito. Mr. Comer elm, a native imp man, was sent home. In August, 1861, he IPIS formally accredited by the Church Millilma i .. _ in to k* Lord PALMERSTON, in a letter MUM t ltr. trawl/sr is obis se Mo n w, ssos V i =l2C l ender . s lawf s l eill‘fili I sa immense 'that Of — WI NNW would be at our tbssers=t emseesse. I allak, 1.1-• _ And in September Lord PALIIIMITON, nothing loath, acted on the suggestion of the Church ilimionary Society instructing the Aandralty to send, if /practi cable, a force up to Lagos, rota. purpose of silvans one chief, and setting up the other indicated by the miesionarien In October the Alllebalty t ime* orders accordingly to Coordits BRUM Thus these violent proceedinga i laps, and along the whole Bight, are to be traced to napnmer influence at the Foreign-Ace, exercised at a time, when, to use Mr. GOLIJIER'S own words, " the sl ave trade was not only checked, but nearly done for." Now, if the history of missions proves ontag more than another, it is that missionaries are very bad politicians, and that they never interfere in the political concerns of the countries in which the) , are planted but to the injury of religion. Thus it was with the Spanish Jesuits in Paraguay, with the French Jesuits in China, with the Portuguese mimionaries in Southern India, with the London missionaries in Tahiti, with the church missionaries in New Zealand i and therefore it is that, in this in terests of the excellent society to which the reverend gentlemen at Abecokuta belong, and, far more, the interests of Christianity we object to all this their interference with its political concerns. Of the good intentions of Mr. TOWNBIND and his colleagues in so acting we have not the smallest doubt; in their zeal and earnestness they picture immense success to Christianity at Abesokuta if they can secure tranquillity and predominance to its peo ple; and in the power and Interference of England they see tho speediest means of establishing those ends. But nil experience teaches that progress, to be permanent, must be real, must be of slow growth, must be self achieved and self-sustained • that we can no more force it at Abecokuta t han we cans Ireland or in Kaffirhuid. And, if we might bo per mitted to tender advice to the Church Missionary Society in respect of Abecokuta, it would be to im press on Lord Curate-nes and the rest of his committee, the value of patience, of gradual develop ment, and of peaceful agencies there; and not to rely upon cruisers, or on the Foreign-office ; on munitions of war, or on diplomacy. It is not by such means as these that Christianity advances any whore. But for the Foreign-oMeo to fall in with the heated schemes and enthusiastic plans of these worthy and devoted, but most mistaken men, is really inex cusable ; and for its follies and absurdities it will yet have to answer to parliament. bailer Dusts whose existence is prolonged beyond the average duration of human life—especially when their social position, their talents, or any peculiarity of character have made them notable —are, as tt were, log-lines, which show the speed of the current of progress in society. The announcement of their death sets men to compare society as it now is with society as it was in their youth or at some remark able period of their lives. The late Lord PANMURL was one of these log-lines. He came of age about the time when the second Prrr was beginning to persecute reformers for trying to promote those reforms which he had advocated at the outset of his career; at the commencement of the anti-revolutionary reign of terror in Great Britain ; and he survived till the twentieth year of the Reform Bill era. He was emphatically a remarkable man. Endowed with much natural 11111116111% be neglected the cultivation of his tahalls r bat of an energetic and fearless character, be desw attention to himself by his systematic de luge of conventional decorum. Private life is a scarcely applicable to any portion of Lord V i sTs e utte's existence, for ho cared not to conceal anything ; and comment upon what would have been called in any other man his private life, is re linquished less because conventional delicacy re quires it, than because it would tend little to edifica tion. His public career was marked by consistent devotion to popular liberty, and mutual tolerance, and by benevolence rare both in its extent and its intensity. It would not be fair to judge the late Lord PAN- Ideas by the same rules u ordinß a men. llis character more resembles one that mi have has formed in say country of Euro pe _ the held system was in its prime, or in France la the OVIIII• teenth century. In his youth, what Wahl_ leit courtesy be called the public opinion at Ilealhal tad rite a different standard of morals for the patrician mad the plebeian. Then, with Scotsmen, " that in the agtain's but a choleric word, which in the soldier moo rank blasphemy," was understood and acted woo literally. No man of noble birth, or old family sad large property, was expected to submit to, erteves pretend to respect, the puritanical notions spnwhich the rest of society acted. Ills wildest were laughingly talked of as pretty ;= Lord YANMuRIS, then Mr. MAuts, kad aaawaded early to a large property, and Wilt the family title had been forfeited, his aasrtfrysaa paid as much deference to his noble blood as it it had not. By Nome strange misoidence, a number of very young men OM at the same time with himself into the full preesork,n of large estates and the uncontrolled di rection of their own conduct, in different counties of Scotland. Animated by the same propensities, able to indulge them to the same extent, they naturally associated together. They kept each other in coun tenance in their extravagant sallies ; they provoked each other by emulation to wilder extravagances than they might otherwise have fallen into; they carried to the utmost that social license which the servility of their countrymen tolerated in their rank. With most of those boon companions it was "a short life and a merry one." Some exhausted their constitu time, and dropped into premature graves; some died by their own hands; some with shattered health or shattered finances sobered down into amiable members of society. But a vein of worldly prudence which ran through all his excesses, and an inconceivably strong constitution, enabled Lord PANMURE to hold on unchanged to the last. lie 'arrived among modern; decorums, a monument of the daring aristocratic recklessness of an earlier age. The habits contracted in impulsive youth became rigid and unalterable under the petrifying influence of custom. Alike unmeasured in liis loves and hatreds, he was devotedly and tenderly attached to those who did not thwart him, implacable to those who did ; liberal and humane to all who only came in contact with him in the abstractions of public life, he was a dss po t to those who stood in more intimate relations to him. Kind, liberal, tolerant, so long as nothing touched him personally, he was fierce and unrelenting as soon as his self-will was opposed. A noble nature was spoiled in him by early indulgence— it is no exaggeration to call him a glorious savage. In this respect, he is a log-line to mark the rate at which Scotland has advanced since 1790. lissistry now-a-days would not indulge any spoiled alai of rank sad fortune in the way that perverted rs pswerful niggles( Lewd PANMURE. 'non is ass What in a much more recent period (Ma WS Wei 1 San his coming of age that rate aeha me of him as a log-line to mark sa men as the social or moral p d big armstry. lbws bus been a Fox Club in Soot- load sew dace the deallref the statesman after whom It is mama t but sash ems the terrorism of the tory government in 1811 or 1812, that only thirteen gentlemen mad be found in the whole of Scotland courageous enough to attend the club's anniversary dinner at Edinburgh. And a police Acid stood openly at the door of the hotel where the dinner was given, to take down the names of those who attended. Lord PAN- Nun was one of the thirteen. The faction which irtyyears ago was thus rampant is now all but ex tinct. The Derbyite •LORD ADVOCATE is obliged to betake himself to England in search of a con stituency. The Derbyite SOLICITOR OENERAL is trying to creep into parliament by the aid of liberal dissensions in Orkney, and to give him a chance even there is obliged to renounce the Shiboloth of his party. And in Edinburgh itself, where the liberal party is split into three sections, no tory, not even a " conservative," ventures to dream of taking ad vantage of their divisions. ANTI-STATE-CHURCH ARSOCUTION.—The monthly metropolitan meeting of this association was held yester day evening, at the City of London Literary Insti tution, Alderagate•street. Ddr. Charles (lilpin occupied the &air. Addresses were delivered on the following subjects. "A date-church fatal to Christian energy, by the Rev. CI. Ahead ; " The state church iu Ireland, its history, rovease., and inhume," by John Kingsky, j and AstiMato4imishisio ost odium," by the it.,. Dr. Amber. Vass of *mks Tors then pared to the chairman sod Ihs isslorms, sad ths yesomdings terminated. THE EXPRESS, r PANIC istouMw Swarm i-. 1 1. 'upland; 11011111 qt I*. ago, thatpd M. Moo basr minister oat Louis ftihoo,ltad boss ti l e fisy into notice Copt Wilowski, at that ._ to asweraper that suppor k a open that the Prank ta = 11111ifirWitial attot a Pares with hie kronor patron, sad has iv= attumphd to negotiate his ro tram bas sans la-asear Ide vida to M. Thieve it is reparlid that &oat Wairtraki said " Tbseing weld bo_asw, Yoe Wm at need to address a aria lomat so dm Piismt of the Ropolas, Ow nay Wwe no a when Me se midge 'plows par gray. awl wilms th em Moss ImmoillaNtg.' On aim 001• Skill IL reOrd est he wield Wks no step area or Ma ss& •Ow den ago lowaso If. Wooli went to him, imialistal Woo wenn Want samintios. H. Thins ragNai_loy, it is sod, a positive mfasal. Ho snaked that M meld not wept a pommel favour, bat woad only re nnin Franco when Ida hinds should do so. taw Int -* dim Ths President sdU pays court to tLe legitimists. Ho sent to tho committee of the annual ball for the civil list of Charles X., which took place lut night in the Italian Opera-house, his personal subseripuon of 2,000 fr. The object of this ball is to provide old 'errants of the royal household with a portion of the pension of which they were deprived by the revolu tion of 1830. The receipts were about 30,000 fr. This, distributed among the 14,000 pessioners, would leave them little move than 2fr. a-piece. The bust of the President, surrounded by the na tional colours, has just been placed in the interior of the Halle aux Bles, by the porters of the Hallo. At the grand review of the 10th of May all the soldiers are to wear the gilt eagle on the front of their shako.. _ _ ----- The nice sense of the Parisians in detecting the ludicrous and their relish for ridicule has been gratified to-day at the expense of M. Fortoul. The circular of the Minister of Public Instruction to the rectors on the subject of dress, the substance of which has previously transpired, has bear published; and leaves in solemn priggism the'most pompous re commendations of a college dean far behind. It is as follows : Monsieur le Ruteur,—l consider It my duty to call your attentioo to the neosesity of exacting from all meeker& the gravity sad dignity of dress which are prescribed to them not only by the regulations, but by the very nature of their functions. You will emusquently address to all the heeds of establishments within your el:admiral district instruc tions on this important pant. Yon will recommend them not to allow the professors to appear before their pupils in an unsuitable dress, and with long Womb, and thus affect in their external appearance manners which are not com patible with the character of their profession. Those observations also apply to the teachers who, living almost constantly with the pupils, should, by their example, inspire them with habits of good education. If authority wishes to be respected, it must ?evict inelf, and show it by external signs. Singulority or caprice in costume sashes criticism or raillery, and brings the mu ter into diuepute with his pupils, who cannot recognise their teacher under the kind of disguise which an absurd fashion makes him tee often adopt. I desire that primary teachers in the country should attend to theft recommenda tions, that they should I. their dress conform to tLe tradi tions of their youth, and not copy the fashion of towns ; modest and simple dins is most brooming to them, and if they seek to make any distiatioe, let it be esly as regards cleanliness. Siam, thanks to the energy of a reparatory government, calm has bees restored to the pnbiie mind,and order into society, it is important that the last traces of anarchy should di•appear ; that oa th should be in his place and fill it worthily, and that the professor, in the exercise of his functions, should be dressed so as to command respect, and that at all times he should be recognised by the regularity sad gra vity of his appearance. The Emperor understood things in this light ; the motives of public order which dictated Art. 128 arthe decree of March 17. 1808, still existing in all their forte, you will remind your subordinates of the clauses of that article, the applies*. of which I recommend to you for the interest el the dignity of the teaching body. Receive, ate. (84803) looarout. If we are to believe the government organs M. de Persigny is to be the only conscientious minister of the interior Frame has ever had. Ilia prefects are to be appointed purely on the ground of their apti tude and capnefty, tested by his own inquiries ; and not in the keg by uttered. But I must refer you to the following pwagraph et the Patric for an account of the era of impartiality which is to open with the revived =wire. net paper of yesterday evening says: Several jeurnals have eariewneed that a measare rela tive to the prefectures and sah l iguntres was to appear almost immediately in the _ _ We are able to state thee the report is laffilelialle. After having t ri ve: to the departmental idiminietretion high m ead masederable stleibedisein the govern ment fa mine that the I of that id misdamilen sherd& be equal its new functions. It is with this Abet that IL de Peedgey is carefully examin ing this peremask sod be lanai to give all the necessary time to his ineestlesties. We me Neared that, perhaps for the first time, sillatintione ea the' subject, however tweed drip way be, will be of no avail: The mriaerwillbel to mobs bisuelf eceneieted with the modem the talents, and the 'Aptitude of than employed, sad Om am the persona solici t:aims of pretems er eutrwelless, or the rermimenda times el Ode amino or Meads being of say avail, we think diet Ohm mid red'orlbe unhvensuble to them than otherwise. Theldedeler of the Innen is firmly resolved May Immo, the eindahweeka, sad an es be inehosasse by e es:lddesseisa bus the advareoge of the sorties, el the Praideat, sad Odle eionatry. The lye bureaux of the Senate met yesterday, for the purpose of nominating three oommittero. That on the ageonnts of the body is osseposed of Messrs. Marchead,Leboauf, et Foetid, and A.Thayer; that en the regulations, a<Geseeal Buvaguay d'Hil lime sad Mosen. Cronesilhon Tropics', Dupm, and d'Argest A emmeittee, consisting of two members from see bantam we also appointed upon petitions. I understand that numerous fresh petitions are daily received, praying for the revival of the imperial form of government The Monitor publishes the official tabular returns of the indirect revenue for the first quarter of 1852, which amounts to 183,266,000 francs, showing an I increase of 13,478 000 franc* over the corresponding quarter of 1850, and of 6,155,000 francs over that of [B5l. It is assorted by many of tho papers that the amendments proposed by the committee to the Coinage Bill are of no importance, and are merely limited to proposing a reduction of a quarter of a million of francs in the grant of 7j millions do .manded for the expenses of the operation. This statement is scarcely accurate. The committee has moved ono amendment, which, if adopted, would make all the difference between light and darkness on the financial part of the affair. It pro poses that the government should insert yearly in the budget the amount of the sums expended in the operation, and that the Court of Aestivate should receive al so yearly the statement of the pressed. of the sale of the old sous. Other amemdemate segpst the expediency of increasing the wet& el the teatime. The Revue die e Inatrueliew Publirse states that the bill on public which is to be pro moted to the Semite ad ye Body, provides that the 80 reetorates al at prammt eab siding am to be reamed to 188 that the seminal :tillare so leave lobe ammiewei m establish sbelsogiag to the dates end that a lyesumis to be areatedia evesydegartasemt. Is mar to mitigate u mash as possibb the severity oldie blew which will be felt by 1,300 or 1,400 remote= mad Imetimeerisel who will be dismissed, the bill poevidm, that them who have leis than 10 yeawf asedlo, are to remise one quarter of their salary the that year; this sem to be diminished one-tenth ovary wasserdve year, so as to be reduced to nothing at the end of ten years. Those of more than ten years' standing are to receive pension in proportion to the time of their service. _ _ The prefect of police yesterday assembled at the prefecture the prud'hoinmes of the carriage -making trade, together with a certain number of masters, and tho delegates of the men who have struck for an advance of wages, and for • diminution of the hours of labour. He declared to the latter that whatever might be the desire of the government to ameliorate the condition of the working classes, it would not allow masters to be menaced by acts of disorder and exorbitant demands. He recommended the men to return to their work, and to await the result of the efforts which he promised that the go vernment would intik. to obtain concessions from the masters without checking the resumption of business. In the course of the day several of the men who had struck returned to their work. The I'resident has, without solicitation, accorded to M. F. V. Hugo, son of Victor Hugo, a remission of the period of imprisonment he had still to undergo for an offence of the press. is is said that the national guard intends to give a grand fke to the Prince-President. 'rho municipal administration of Paris is at pre sent occupied with drawing up the octroi tariff, rec tified in conformity with Art. 23 of tho decree of the 17th ult. The hectolitre of wine, which paid, exclusive for at St I will brit deotiosi of 1 . Lit which now pays The duty of 111 V. per meat coming from the alanghtsvhossis, including the charge for slaughtering, is reduced 56c. ; the duty on meat killed out of Paris, which was 1 'fr. 20c., will now be 10fr. 63e., or 67c. lower. Fire wood, which paid 2fr. 63c. per etere, will now only pay lfr. 49c., a reduction of 16c. The negotiations opened between Prussia and France relative to the navigation of the Rhine are actively going on. Up to this time French vowels have been allowed provisonally to have the admin• tago of the reduction of dues made on the Ist October, 1831, in favour of states on the banks of the river, but the Prussian government has declared that that favour must wan on the lit May, as the French government declines to accept the propositions which have been made to it. It is especially demanded that the German flag should be treated on a footing of equality in the canal of Huningen. At the Bourse the Four-and-a-Half per Cents. rose 30c., and closed at 101.30; the Three per Cents. rose 25c., closing at 72.25. Bank of France shares did not change. The railway market was better, Northern was in great demand, and rose 8.73; Bor deaux, 10; Havre, Strasburg, and Dieppe, 5 each ; Lyons, 3.75; Central, and Tours and - Nantes, 1.25 each; Orleans and Marseilles fell 1.25 each. Much excitement prevails upon the great question of revocation to be decided on the 18th inst. The Suisse of Berne, of April 13th, mays that the schism in the country has become wider than ever, because the extreme radical party, disguise it as they may, have hoisted the flag of soc►alism. ad in Vienna, Dr. Alight he renounced e following month we est in the ministry of with him appending hie manifesto of the 20th of mr emperor pro ., spirit of liberty portfolio of justice ipelled by continued illness to resi the ministry of the interior. To that post Dr. hash was thee nominated, aud he re tained it until now, taking his full share in all the broken oaths, in all the military and police brutali ties which, since December, 1848, have disgraced the Austrian government. A more perfect specimen of the political "rat" does not exist. His "ratting" leas been successful, and ho is now rewarded by the highest position in the political ladder of the empire. But while questioning his conduct, it cannot bo denied that Dr. Bach is a man of eminent administrative ability. His intellect, almost unaided,constructed the centralised machinery by which the idea of a united Austrian empire is now Nought to be carried into effect. It was his wisdom and force of argument that succeeded in maintaining, against the efforts of a united aristo cracy, the abolition of all feudal rights and the impo sition on the aristocracy of all the burdens borne by the other classes. To his advocacy also does Austria owe the general survey which is now being made for tho purpose at once of abolishing the robot (serfdom), of providing compensation for its abolition, and of imposing a tax upon land. Giving him full credit for the intellect to devise, and the courage to persist in carrying out these measures, it must not be for gotten that their sole tendency under his ma nagement has been to increase the despotic power of an absolute sovereign ; that though they might under other circumstances have facilitated the change from despotic to liberal govern ment, they now only edit to the financial burdens, and to the efficiency—in the despotic sense--of the military and police. Dr. Bach was chief adviser to Prince Schwarzenberg; tending to the late minister, with faithful subserviency, all those ideas which the latter himself was deficient of; and by good training, eating any amount of political dirt, lie succeeded in transforming the once radical advocate into a perfect lickspittlo of a despotic monarch and his chief minis , ter. To the pliancy of his character, to the unfelt , log servility ho has evinced, coupled with his really gnat abilities, does Dr.—or rather Baron—Bach, for he has received several orders conferring that rank, owe his present elevation. Tho Emperor Francis Joseph deserves the credit due for tho justice with which he rewards good service, and the dexterity with which he makes use of his men. Guided it may ho by the advice of his military counsellors, who, in fact, are the only persons whose advice is ever acted upon, and who naturally desire the main tenance of a system of government profitable to them selves and their order, and actuated, doubtless, by his personal disinclination to restore the old federal sys tem, by which considerable power was placed in the hands of a proud aristocracy, the Emperor has gladly availed himself of Baron Bach to fill the chief vacancy caused by the death of Prince Schwarzenberg. It would be wrong then to anticipate that any change will take place in the system of government. Mili tary and police despotism will continue as before, the army will not be diminished, and the hordes of hun gry bureaucrats will be increased; the expenditure will not be decreased ; but efforts will be made to increase the burdens of taxation. Austria may con tinue to be great and powerful abroad, but her peo ple will remain miserably degraded by a military rule, under which, police brutality, priestly bigotry, and bureaucratic immorality will flourish; the war of races will not be exterminated, but heightened, and the German with the Italian, the Hungarian, and the Slavonian, will sink still deeper in ignorance and slavery. rG, APRIL 18, 1852. in*, iOfr. 80e., will nee' sill a y a ."--r petlat the awe of Z etyhi l e tl ; a : r inh oc t E r i 7 fo i l : eduction of 63c. Thus, the elettel d to 10fr. 880., dectiseaincluded o • M benefit of the, trimu7 reateinhig find his 81h'g the same post in 80c., each heetolibe et wins ontdring Prises Seltwanasberg, mid with his ay 19fr. 86e. The duty of 210 fr. on the *nature to the celebrated manifesto spirit is lowered to =fr. 800., a Ilbossiber, 184 e, in which the nei LIE 60c. Oil, not including olive oil, mired institutions drawn up in the le] pays 22fr., will be reduced Ur. 32c. and press. He retained the port r 1 lir. 40c. per 100 kilogrenama for unt the Count (Radio' n was compelle BELGIUM. The semi-official independence states that orders have been transmitted to the frontier for preventing the entry into Belgium of perilous expelled from France. SPAIN. The government is actively occupied in the forma tion of penal colonies in tho Marian Islands, and in those of Fernando Po and Annobona. ITALY. TUSCANY. A letter from Florence, in the Journal du Turin of tho 12th inst., states that, owing to the inflammatory placards lately posted up in various towns of Tus cany, tho departure of the Austrian troops has been countermanded; and that a rumour is current that they are to be increased in order to bo ready for any emergency that might arise from tho presence of the French at Rome. ROMAN STATES. Our Roman correspondent, writing on the 10th instant, asp : The Minister of Finance notes, of the category termed boni di ourroyazione, have just been put into circulation, to the amount of 3'26,300 scudi, compensated for in part by the with drawing of the paper money of the province of Bo logna, and in part by the burning of old notes, under the inspection of the financial commission, headed by Cardinal Marini. that new GERMANY. A telegraphic dispatch, dated Vienna, April 14, in the Cologne Gazette, says : "The II iener Zealot/ of this day confirms the an nouncement of the appointment of Count Buol- Schauenstein to the ministry of foreign affairs and of the imperial household." CHANGES IN AUSTRIA. (Fmk the Daily News.) By the sudden death of Prince Schwarzenberg, the Presidency of the cabinet and the ministry for Foreign Affairs became vacant, and, as has been men tioned before, the two offices are not to be hold again by one person. It is known that Count Buol &lumen stein was summoned to Vienna from England immu diately on the demise of the late minister, and it appears already settled, though official notification thereof is yet wanting, that ho will receive the port folio of foreign affairs. Count Bnol is known here as the Austrian ambassador during the last nine months, and is more than suspected of having been ono of the prime movers in the great foreign intrigue of the past year against Lord Palmerston. He is a diplomatist of some standing, having served the house of Hapsburg in Turin, in St. Petersburg, in Frankfort, and in Dresden, previous to being seat as ambassador to this country. When in the Ruin capital, he was understood to passes the confidence of the Czar in a very high degree; a circumstance partly owing to his advocacy of .lodate goverment, but much more to his intimate amardanamithismil ship with Baron Meyendorff, the present Rain envoy in Vienna, who is one of tho most trusted mr- Tants of the Czar. Count Buol was an indents M ned of the late Primo Schwarzenberg, by whoa be was considered to be the only swam compstest to follow himself in the direction d timi_pciseedieip l o r the muffles' Dresden conferences bat While thus engaged, it was ascertained that Buol highly applauded the internal and external po licy of his friend ; and, like him, he accepted the plans of Baron Bruck for the commercial union of Germany. His mission in Frankfort was connected with the restoration of the old Diet. The career of Count Buol does not, therefore, countenance the hopes entertained by some that his advent to case will tend to ameliorate the present mereilmkgisepalis system of government in Austria. gar so the sasto sanguine believe that his short stay he Wand has opened his oyes to the advantages of what in germ rally termed constitutional government, and that he will be prepared to advocate in the council of his sovereign most important changes in the government of the empire. Count Buol is not the only Austrian: minister who has lived in England, Prince Schwarzenberg resided here waxy with what advantage to the liberal gersona ul tnt his country the last few Bann have folly shown. Baron Koller, another Ausfatw envoy, proved him self, after sown years' rasidmess be Bagisad, so igno rant of Ito adore GI orm lowkAnt when was loalloosted at Disoky ant Peddoes ha i demands' that Lai Palmitin amid ass in Ace sensate la that eattauloo aolobillorst to be ce remlei, Sue Etyma limit Mod to apply Br a wont against the nitaiene. ?hese instances shaw heir closely Ambles dtplcsiallsb study our inslitntinns and our lawn Bat let Omit Buol be as rein as Baron Koller proved himself to be ignorant, nti as willing to imitate as Prince Schwarzenberg was is eimesance, his intelligence and goodwill will be "lashes. Ho will not possess the power. An Aus trian minister, under the present Emperor, whether it be the Minister for Foreign or the Minister for Home Affairkis a mere servant, bound in all important matters to obey the dictates of his sovereign. That each is really the state of things in Vienna will be more apparent from the following remarks respect log the newly-appointed president of the ministry. We were certainly not a little surprised to read in the Cologne Gazette, received yesterday, that the Em peror had nominated 1)r. Bach to this post. Wo were prepared for many strange things, but that the only minister who is actually hated by several mem bers of the imperial family, who is opposed by the intrigues, secret and open, of the most nameless aristocratic faction in Europe, and who, during the last year, more than once nearly succumbed to the weight of that opposition—that Dr. Bach, Red Minister of Justice, and then Minister of the Interior, should now be raised to the highest post in the empire, is certainly not a little startling. Our readers can scarcely have forgotten that in the revolution of March, 1848, Dr. Bach played a very prominent part among the leaden; of the radical party, and that he was appointed to the Ministry of Justice in the cabinet formed by Baron Wessenberg to carry out the principles of constitutional government. The famous Austrian charter of the 4th of March, 1848, was in great part drawn up by Dr. Bach. When TURKEY. Letters from Bosnia, of the 6th mat., state that on the 30th March orders arrived from Constantinople that the inhabitants of the Herzegovina should alw bo disarmed. The execution of the order was imme diately commenced. Turkish troops were expected at Duvno and POSSUM& ALGIERS. We rend in the A profound sensation was produced at Algiers when it was understood that Sidi-el-Djoudi, the venerated mara bout of Djujura, had come, with the most important chiefs of the Zouaoue, to place themselves in our bands. These chiefs, in number 92, represent all the tribes of the Kabrle emaciation. In various conversations these chiefs fully admitted hnw want, they had heen influenced in their determination by the expedition of General Pc limier to the Maatka, by that of General Besquet, by the making of roads, which allowed our columns to penetrate into the heart of the country, and, above ell by the strict blockade which for several months has forced them to keep to their elevated grounds, and to endure the greatest privations. Nevertheless, the , first day, Sidi-el Djoudi endeavoured to treat with the governor-general as power with power. But Gene ral }tendon gave ham clearly to understand that the qui stion did not relate to making peace be tween the Zotmoum and the French. but to submitting alto gether to our rule. In the end; Sidi-el- Djoudi and the chiefs solicited the amen, on condition of paying an annual tribute. This happy event naturally changes the arrange ments made for the spring campaign. As soon as the amount of tribute shall have been settled, a convention will be made to unite the territory of the %Dumas to the rest of Algeria. Our columns will then go through their country to trace roads in it. Sidi-el-Djoudi and the other chiefs offered to accompany them, and the offer will proba bly be accepted. About 7,000 men will be got together for thisexcursion, which will be altogether of a pacific cha reefer. The submission of the Zoutouu will furnish us the moans of establishing direct communica tions between Bougie and Algiers. After the payment of the impost, thus liabyles will obtain passes to frequent our market. As to lieu-Dagherla, he was forced to quit the territory of the Beni.Sebka with the remnant of his deira, as soon as the submission of the Zouaouits was resolved on. lie is now wandering about in the mountain of the Beni-Mellikeueb, endeavouring, it is said, to gain the regions of Sahara. Strict watch is kept in the sub-divi sion of Aumale to prevent his doing so, and to seize on his person if possible. BOOKSELLERS' AnsocurioN.—A conference was held oa Wednesday at Stratheden House, Knightsbridge, between Lord Campbell, the Dean of St. Paul's, and Mr. Grote, as referees, and the chief members of the Beoksel lers' Association. The opponents, Messrs. Bickers and Bush, Mr. John Chapman, and Mr. Bentley, were invited to attend, but neglected avail themselvesof the invitation. The referees having taken their seats, the deputation from the Booksellers' Association was introduced by Mr. Murray. The business was then opened by Lord Campbell, who read the letter inviting the conference, and also letters from Mr. Bickers and from Mr. Chapman, declining to be present.— Mr. Longman then, as chairman of the association, opened the case on the part of the booksellers. He commenced by asserting, as first principles, that a fixed price for all books wu most desirable, leading to a uniform practice throughout the kingdom, and tending to the comfort both of the public and the retailers of books. He showed next that it was a peculiar advantage possessed by the manufacturers of books that the whole edition of each work being identically the same, a fixed price became easy and natural. He then traced beck the history of asso elation' like the present to the year 1612, or even an earlier date. H. showed the success which had attended these associations, and ended by arguing that the very idea of fixing the price of a book involved, so far as it was possible, the maintenance of that price. Without this it was useless to fix the price at all. It' not maintained, the fixed price became • nullity, a delusion, and almost a fraud.— Mr. Murray and several other booksellers followed, and Mr. Longman having thanked Lord Campbell and the other referees for the patient hearing they had given, left in their ' hands the following" brief view ot the ease ." " A fixed price for all books, settled by the author and publisher, is desirable for the sake of the public, is essential to the re spectability of the trade, and is conduct le to the general interests of literature. Such price, being filed, ought to be mai:stained. Its maintenance, by all means not illegal or immoral, is right and proper. The only means employed by the trade consist in a refusal to deal with parties who set aside this Iced price. Such refusal cannot be shown to be either illegal or immoral. Therefore ' no reason exists why ex ternal influence should be use d to overrule that system which the trade hare adopted with all but übsoluto unani mity for the regulation of their own affairs." Lord Camp bell, receiving the various papers and letters whirls were handed to him, expressed his regret at the absence of the diMsentients. lie desired that they should once more be invited to attend, but was unable to fix an earlier period for the conclusion of the subject than the Monday or Tues. day in Whitsun-week. Alter some conversation, it was arranged that, if any of the " undersellers " desired to argue the ease against the association, Lord Campbell, the Dean of St. Paul's, Mr. Grote, and probably other literary gentlemen, would be prepared to hear their statements be tween the 16th and 21st of May. The deputation then withdrew. . _ - THE ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY'S MEETING or 1863.—We are in a position now to state, and we hero it from undoubted authority. that the application to hold the mietiug of this society in the in ighbourhood of this city next year, has been must favourably entertained by the Royal Agricultural Society, and that a deputation of fire gentlemen from the council are expected hero to inspect the grounds, &c., on tho 22nd inataat.—Gloucoster Journal. SOUTH AMERICAN AIA. SOUTHAMPTON, Alum); The Royal mail steam-packet T a y, Cap ta i n m • arrived here this morning, and l an d e d kit r e , ' 7 1. ; a n ugnedetr.thleir date ar char g d e t of Lic :iu eut. I Gm en d us ner, 111.11., Admiralty Aires, Marth Monte Video, 6; Rio de Janeiro, 16 ; ltahi a, 21 Pernambuco, 24 ; St. Vincent, April 2; T emi i ire, 7 ; Madeira, 9 ; Lisbon 11. ller cargo consists of 208 ounces gold, 19,500/. Thitish coin, about 19,110 ) d diamonds, 1$ bags cochineal. 7 boxes orange,. sad sundry packages. The Tay brings 66 pasengers, Roves left Bahia in H.M.S. Conflict on the :ith March, and may be hourly expt,o ted in England. fli t brother-in-law, Mancilla, landed at Lisbon from the Tay, and was going into Spain. The Tay landed 51 passengers at Lisbon. Brazil was quiet. Large promotions had Is t% conferred on the arm y _ and navy eng sgo , lin th e att4r , at Buenos Ayres. Money plentiful at. d lh.t. , unte low. Exchang at 27. Business modem 'e. trade dead. Yellow fever prevailed vs 7 Haab amongst the shipping at kin, and some ea * ll had proved fatal on shore ; Bahia was free ; ,it sa l diminishing its virulence at Pernambuco. On leaving Rio de Janeiro several eases e j r 'ac t appeared on board ; out of them two eases ars, cd fatal, the captain's and Commander Skipwitlis M , ' vents died ; the others recovered as the verity rot clear of the coast. The Tay had fine weather durin g the voyage. On the 20th ult. a smart shock of an earthquake was felt at Santa Cruz (Teneriffe), at 5 a.m., which lasted a few 'seconds ; and it appears the shuck was general all over the Island. Weather cloudy sad very oppressive for several days previous. The cal. vict ship Fairlie looked in on the 29th, and, havin g taken in fresh provisions and water, left for llohst Town on the 31st, all well. Mary Ann, taphda Dark, with passengers for Sydney, arrived on th e 3rd inst., and left on the 4th, all well. At Monte Video, Centaur (with the Admiral:. xld Locust Commodore Ilruce, in 11.N1.8. had been at St. Vincent, but left for the coast on the 23rd ult. Rio Janeiro—Rapid, from England, would soil on the 18th for the Cape of Coed 'lope. Driver arrived on the 11th March, from Vulparai.o. and would sail for Englund on the Isth. llonetta and Harpy had put to sea between the 12th and 11th ult., in consequence of yellow fev er haying 4 appear t on board. Rifleman at Bahia. At Lisbon, 1101.8. Albion, Indefatigable, Phaeton, Dragon, and En. counter. Polyphemus left Madeira on the 4th inat. RIO DE JANEIRO. \G en 11 Long ere this reaches you, the Conflict will have conveyed to your shores the far-famed sanguinary Roans, and his daughter, the gentle and charitable Mennelite. Several of the friends of the ex-dietator leave for England in this packet, and amongst them General Manedla, his brother-in-law. It is .tared hero that Roses goes empty-handed to England— pennylcss, in fact ; but this is hard to believe. By the Prince, which left Buenos Ay ms a d a y after the Tay, we have news from Buenos Avres to the 4th current. The allied army entered hums Ayres on the 19th ult., and was received with entha siaam and rejoicing by the inhabitants. The following is a list of the provisional govern ment: President, Don Vincente Lopes; Minket of War, Don Manuel de Eecalada; Interior, Ms Vs. lentin Alsina ; Foreign Affairs, Don Luis dine de Pena; Finance, Don Benjamin Gorostiaga ; Chief uf Police, Don Manuel Joni: Guerico. One of the earliest acts of the new government was to appoint judges of the peace, eleven for the town, and four fur the country, a task of much difficulty, but which they have executed most successfully, and these posts are now filled by men of high respecta bility. Amnesty and entire oblivion of the past has been accorded to all, a few traitors only excepted. Deems have been issued ordering the restitution to their owners of the numerous houses, estantiers, &c., which Rom had embargoed. Permission has been given to the owners of estan. cieros to kill mares, which for many years past Baas had forbidden, and, in consequence they became si abundant as to be prejudicial - to the Eslu. Passports, authorising the bearer to go from ono part of the province of Buenos Ayres to nuotinr, part of a system established by Roses, so that no one might travel the country without his knowledge, have been abolished. Spaniards are recognised as foreigners, and conk% quently exempted from military service. Rosas would not allow this, but treated all Spaniards as if they had been natives, nhliging them to serve in the whenever he chose. This wise and just measure is almost sure to have highly b ene fi c i a l re sults, in promoting emigration front Spain and in extending commerce with that country. The property of Roses, of every description, is de dared to belong to the state. French subjects are allowed to be repn,ented interim by the Belgian Consul, until the French go vernment, on learning the change of affairs, shall ap point a consul. The officers of the very expensive and very useless squadron which Item; kept up arc dismissed and the vessels laid up. It was generally thought that the vessels would be sold by auction. All letters of marque issued by ]tows are an nulled. The Bank is ordered to lower the rate of discount to I per cent. per month. Until now the rate has been I i per cent. General ?duellla, the brother-in-law of Row, came passenger in the Tay, and landed at Lisbon, and, from his own account, is going to the court of Spain with some crotchet in his head to otter Buenos Ayres to a Spanish prince. This officer was left in charge of the city. until Urquixa should make his entry, to protect It from plunder and preserve the peace. However, outra g es were committed to a great extent ; and on a repre sentation being made to Urquir.a, at which he was much astonished, he despatched un order to seize Mantilla and shoot him immediately ; but %mina managed to escape, and sought protection under thy' British flag. A President has been elected for the Oriental States, in the person of M. Don Joao Frsnici-eu Jim. His election was almost unanimous--:1) roes in 48. On tho sailing of the Prince, tho most perfect tranquillity reigned in all the Oriental State!, It is hinted here iu Rio that Brazil will find a second ltosas in Urquiza ; that, in fact, Brazil has Icapol " out of the frying-pan into the fire." This, ti °'- may, and probably does, proceed from the op position, with whom the interference was alwap unpopular. But what is pretty certain Brazil will not reap all the advantages which she bargained for in the business. Tho following extracts from the first prodaniati ..: of Governor Lopez, published in the British 1 , 4.!..., are of interest as showing the slavery under which t::= people have hitherto existed, and affords a pleasing augury of the future : The provisional governor wishes no more power than what may be founded on your devoted hearts, out to then he appealed in the most critical moments of your exigence. You are well aware that for thirty years tyranny has (ea. signed to the silence of darkness all the voices of pubic spirits. You arc well aware that hitherto the dearest right , of the citizen have reverted to the internal head of a tyrant, crammed with frenetic passions, with brutal habits, vrah atrocious instincts, who during his government has will felt complacency in destroying everything public, and in horribly amalgrunating the practice of his vices adh the most sacred names that society hal 'formed for iles4;antieg its great institutions. You have fallen into ignominy' and this people of Buenos Ayres, who had done so much to have a laser( free from crimes and ithowinations, such as that 01 the great Confederation of the North, has now a shaawial page to trace ; and had it not been that heaven had PT' destined the illustrious General l'rquiza to clam it, that page would now have been continued Tire Pros ! sional Government is aware that it is unnecessary to excite 1 you to the enthusiasm of gratitude—it is aware that fut i you and your posterity his name will be loaded with the blessings and the respect wherewith great men arc namrsi abnYuhtehisltorecrim:chlauelkuldianamlyitiewleshlthcamneYtohnh; a s u • nn e s. crested, and perlann- " I . '" tune may not elapse without the great Washington having the tyranny that degraded you, of o t ia h l e y li th be e rat f: . ig a r t )"1444 1 guarantees among us; ho only was master of the :abear whereby the father of a family avon broad to his dui Only be raised his head at sunrise, to cultivate the . eart art Ll and employ hill hands in industry. You—oh ' you acfs , '''' patrimony ut that tyrant. Your parents and ehdatco ha‘sce perished by hundreds in the silence of the ilunginao • t '. Industry of our country was the inheritume of the , vesii . .• and dm whole nation a speck of Larbacieu, at Jegcaadt`,.. and scandal, nmidst the civilised world. The provisional government has been called to place .. .. , 1 iin the contrast of this horrible situation. It is cou.le . 4 I that it may reckon upon your lore aud your 6411-10u.4;,.