The Express. — London, England, 1847-01-26 00:00:00

...ear ----- which comprised the great bulk of the emigration of a l see year, there went to the North American colonies 42,404 we son_ L s to the United States 67,792, melting a total of now T 1 le -7-- poriTr — orit Ceara kin - Dial the elstien'ter t he emigration was very nadir to MI of the two previous Mons. Mr. Ilserkes said :—. I am not aware that the num ber of additional settlers this year has been much greater than before, but there is certainly. a much large r of Irish emigrants in a state of destitution as to clothes and bedding far exceeding anything that I have before witneased." He went oa to say that the reports of the emigration agent. in Canada West stated that there *as little, if any, distress among the emigrants in the west; and that although some of the works would shortly he completed, there would probably be a demand for a large amount of emigrant labour. Now, seeing, in the first place, that there had been so Large 1 en amount of emigration under the present symtem ; seeing, 1 in the next plate, that it was observed by the agents for e migration that there were still a gee it number of pauper families iu Ireland, he owned he should be afraid of attempting o gave a stimulus to emigration in Ireland, and in other parts of this kingd ram, which might have one of two effects, either sending to Canada a great numler of paupers who onukl not Bud employment, or what, perhaps, would be equally objectionable, involving a great waste of public money upon those who, nor, by their own means, find their way to the colony. In this latter case, many persons would come upon the public purse, and, instead of asking their relatives in Canada, or some other colony, to send there the means of going out, numbers would con ceive that there might be an end of all providenee and fore sight, because the state was undertaking to pay the whole expense of emigration. (Hear.) There ware some difficulties with regard to ernieratiou shipments, under the provisions of the Panne' re' Act, which it might be desirable to remove. He did nor, however, propose that there should be a great government plan cf emigration ; sod. whatever mea sure he might bring forward to promote emigration in future, he wished to give no hope that a rich. me of an extcneive nature would be introduced. (Hear.) Sir (continued the noble lord). I know not whether the caleulatinns of Sir Robert Kane may he taken as a sober estimate, but he main tains that there are such Trauma' in Ireland, such aericul tarsi resources, independently of mineral resources, and other means of employment by water power for manufactures, that not lea than seventeen millions of people could be main tained in that country. I do not enter into this calculation ; but this I any, that if a good system of agriculture were introduced ; if grad security were afforded for the investment of money inland ; if the proprietors themselves undertook the task of improving the country, and the other clams co-operated with them, I tin not think that the present population of Ireland would be an execs/sive population. (Hear, hear.) Sir, I am speaking in accordance with the opinion of some who have very well weighed tho rat:weer. of Ireland. (Hear, hear.) And now, before I conclude, if the houn will so far bear with me, I will venture to allude to countries which apparently have been in abed a state, so far as their general mends ion was concerned, u Ireland is in at present,an;l which we now see flourishing, and in the poneesion of order, peace, and security. (Mar, hear.) I thing there may be some good in that retrospect ; became. I know that, in the view of so many evils which have afflicted Ireland, and especially in the view of the present calamity, there are some who are disposed to despair. (Hear, hear,) I am not. (Loud cheers.) I see no reason unconnected with laws which I hope have ceased to exist, unconnected with Unhappy circumstances to which I do not like to advert, but to which the Poor-law Commissioners of Ireland have frequently referred—unconnected, I any, with those circumstances, I see no reason why Ireland may nor, at a future day, rise to a state of great prosperity. (Cheers.) Mr, I will read a description of a country in which these "via are said to have occurred: The batman= lathiest Ma at their inne ar she, either by min or fraud, or violent emernienem they be put WM it; or by wimp and injurer they be me weaned OM they be to sell all. By am means, thirds's. er by the Mho, either UM or by crook, they miasmas amset my, pew, weinthed mah —men. women, bushande, wives. the iliMinn, widem wene mothers with their !enmeshes, and the whine hoesebold, malt a norstame and mark in umber; of leadmary legutreth many hands; away tee, trudge, I my, out of it losomand accuetomed home Muting no Kittle rest In. AR their household stuff *hitt In vee p ittle worth, It might well abide the sale—yet, being suddenly thrust out. they le constrained to sell it for • thing of nought; and, when they have wandered about till that b • spent, what can they then do bit steal, and then, lu..tif, partly, he Wowed, or ear go about a-begging Sir, that is a melte:wisely description, but a description not unlike the stories of ejectment in Ireland, which tell of wretched families' turned out and compelled to sell their little all, and in a few days either driven to go about stealing, or And to beg; and yet this description is a description ef England—the England of his day--written by Sir Thomas More. If this description may be supposed to be faeciful, because it appears in a work of imagination. there are other aecoonts written by megistrates in which the writers state, that " in every county there are two or three hundred per. sons who live by thieving, who go about stealing the sheep and the cattle, so that no husbandman is secure, and no de fender is sufficient ; and that in one day no less than 70,000 of them were hanged." There is a description of this country . in which we now enjoy so much secu rity; in which we now see an absence of the licence which are described by the writers of that period a proof that it is through the state of society, and not through the nature of the country, that such misfortunes aim. (Hear, hear.) Sir, I will read to you a description of another country at a different period, namely, the end of the seventeenth century: There are at tine day in t:cotland (besides a great number of tarsi. Sea very meanly provided for by the church hoses, with others who, with living opon bad food, tall into various diatun'eC, 200,000 people begging from dire to door. These are not only no • aye advanta geous, hut a very grieroua burden to so poor a country ; and though the number of them be perhaps doubie to whatit was fortnerly by ream of the present rest Mass, yet to all times there have been abnut 100,005 of these vagabonds who haw lived without say _regerd urn*. mission either tothe lawsof the land, or even those of God and nature, hiker incestuously aotortipanvlne their own daughters, the son with the mother, and the brother with the sister. No magistrate could ever dinover or be informed which way any of these wretches died, or that ever they were baptised. Many murders hen been discovered among them; and they ore not only a most unspeakable oppression to poor tenant. (who if they use not bread or: some sort of twonsion to perhaps forty ouch villains In one day, arcaure to be insulted by-them), but they rob many poor people who live In honed distant from soy neighbourhood. In years of plenty, many tharande of them mee together in the mountains, where they feast and riot for many dais; and at country weddings, inerteta, burials. and other the like eagle oemione thee are to be seen, both men and women, perpetually dAmk, fleeing, bieurtiemlog, and Righting together. Such I. the description given of sober, einlieed, religious Scotland. (' Hese, hear," and cheers.) Such was that Scotland at the end of the 17th century. (Hear, hear.) Sir, shall we say that the particular laws and the peculiar state of a country have no influence ? that a country which ha. been without nrder, where robberies have been frequent and industry hes been interrupted, mar not afterwards become orderly, civilised, and religions ? (Hear, hear.) I think we should be unworthy of our position as members of the parliament of this country if we were to give way to despair respecting Ireland. (Loud cheers.) I know, however, that what I have said in relation to the social state of Ireland, touching, as I have done, upon many important measurer, is but a part of the case. (Hear, hear.) I am not one of those who think that, apart from political questions, from political right., and from other questions connected with political institutions, a merely beneficent government can make a country floarish. (Hear, hear.) It is my opinion that other measures will be required— (cheers); and when the proper time for propping such measures artless, I shall be ready to undertake any thing which I think will be for the ultimate benefit of Ire land. (Hear, hear.) But this, Sir. I feel with respect to these and all other measurer, that there are things which the Crown cannot grant, which Parliament cannot enact. (Hear, hear.) There is a spirit of self-reliance. (Cheers.) Intensity plainly that I should indeed despair of this task were it not that I think I see amongst the inhabitants of Ireland symptoms both of a grater reliance upon their own energies and their own exertions, and of a greater willingness to co operate with others. (Hear, bear.) I believe that if they will encourage thin spirit among themselves; if they will see what has been done in this country, and in her neighbour Scotland, by industry, by pereeveraisom by never despairing of success; if they will go on, not looking always to a go vernrnent propotil, and to a parliamentary enactment--( hear); if they will see what in the task immediately before them. and set themselves heartily and ritrenuously to perform that teak,—l believe that there are means, there ere resources in Ireland, which will bring these matters to a happy Mire. (Cheers.) There is no doubt of the fertility of the lead ; that fertility has been the theme of admiration with writers and travellbrs of all nations. There is no doubt, either, I most say, of the strength and industry of its inhabitants. (Hear, bear.) The Pll.llO man who is loitering id , y by the mountain side in Tipperary or in Kerry, when potato plot has just furnished him with occupation for a few days, whore wages and whose pig have enabled him to pay his rent and to sae out a miserable subsistence, has perhaps a brother in Liverpool, in Glasgow, or in London, who, by the sweat of his brow, from morning till night, is competing with the strongest and the 'tauten labourers of England or of Scot- , land, and is earning wages equal to any of them. (Heer, hear.) I do not think, therefore, that either the ferti ity of the land, or the strength or industry of the inhabitants, is at fault. There hare been faults; there hue been defects. Ilappy will it be for us if we lay the foundation for the cure of then defects; happy will it be for the Irish themselves if they take for their maxim " Help yourself, and then heaven will help you," for then I trust they will Sad that there have been some " uses " in "adversity. ' (Loud and general applause.) In reply to a question, Lord J. RUSSELL said that the government would take the rates whieh would be levied by the guardians of the Mon to which they belonged, and that the guardians would have the power of levying additional rates, To those rates would be added the subeeriptioxe which might be received from thi+ eountry and from Ireland. In reply to a question from Mr. B. °angling, The Nome Lotus said he had ant meant to imply that the Marquis of Sligo and Mr. Moore, who were referred to is bin speech, had not paid the it rates. Mr. W. S. O'BRIEN enquired whether it were the inten tion of the government to make advances of money for the ?anon of westing railway undertaking'', and whether they Wended to prelim a Tenants Compensation Bill. Lord J. RUSSELL, said the question of advances for railways had leen for some time under consideration. There were various objections to any such steps. and they hal been "dead from various quarters that it would be un, ise to sake general a d vanc es. The noble lord was understood to d, that Sir John Burgeyne's attention was being called to the subject. In reply to the other question, he stated that a Teraina' Compensation Rill had been framed, and would be Mtroluerd into the House of Lords when the Lord-Lieu tenant of Ireland wag meant. In reply to a question from Lord Cneweerre, Long J. RUSSELL mid that the minister for the °ninnies had written a despatch to Canada its which he informed Lord lgfe . i . n, that if proprietors or companies in Canada shook! be 'lilleft to construct villages or to provide hula for the la bourers employed on the railways, the government would be *lee to odium money. Mr. FRENCH said he had been told by a member of the late government before these measures were introduced, that they would be very distasteful to most In•h members, and partacularly so to himself ; but he certainly was not prepared . • BELLI3 - 4 . could not permit the occasion to pass without expressing the extreme satisfaction he bad felt at healing thalMeenh of the noble lord. Mr. LEFROY asked if it all the intention of govern ment to send supplies of food to Ireland, and under what regulations it was contemplated to afford assistance to pro pnetors heft the grant of 50,0001. Lord J. RUSSELL said, with regard t 3 the first ques tion, that if test hoe. member meant to ask whether the go vernment intended to import foreign grain into Ireland, he at once answered that it wen their intention to do nothing of that sort. Importations of foreign grain, would, iu his opinion, be better left to private enterprise. With regard to the second inquiry, he would rather postpone his answer for the present. Lord LINCOLN entirely . concurring its the desire shown to postpone any present discussion upon the noble lord's statement, desind,neverthelese, to make ones? two inqui ries. First, with' regard to the advances to landlords, for the improvements of their property. Wes it intended to put any limit upon the advances to be so made, or would then be to any , amount ? His second question .d no Immediate refereuce to anything that had fallen from the noble lord, but he felt the matter one of great importance. Ito alluded to the anticipated increase of fever in Ireland. The late go vernment had parsed a bill called the fever act, under which lower wax given to the lord-lieutenant of Ireland to consti tute • central board in Dublin, composed of medical men. The late lord-lieutenant had constitutes' such a board, but the present administration had abolished it. What he wanted to ask was, if it was intended to reauacitata the board? and another question to which he should be glad of a reply was, when it woo intended to proceed with the mea sures announced by the noble lord, with a view to their discarion ? Lord J. RUSSELL—With respect to the first question, the government proposed to separate the drainage acts of last session into two distinct laws the one for Great Britain, somewhat enlarging the powers now given under it, and the other having special relation to Ireland ; the sum appro priated and, r the latter Oct was fixed, and its amount was one million, but there would be no difficulty in coming to parla ment, if necessary, to authorise a further advance. With revrd to the second question, there had been some practical difikultiew respecting the Fever Art which his right hon. friend the Secretary for Ireland could explain better than he could. With respect to the last question, he did not know that he could precisely fix a day for further discussion. The papers he had alluded to in his speech would be ready to be laid on the table of the hotter. by Wednesday next. It was desirable that memhers should have time to consider them, and perhaps he might fix Monday next for further pro ceeding. Mr. LABOUCHERE, with respect to the Fever Act, said that the reestablishment of the board instituted under that act had been a subject of very anxious consideration with the government. There had bees reason to think that there had been great abuses ender that act, and some hesitation was consequently felt in taking any measures for carrying it further into effect. He did not know either that it was ab solutely necessary to do so. The guardians of poor-law unions in Ireland had authority to attach fever hospitals to the workhouses, and in any districts where fever prevailed that authority had been taken advantage of. Under the Cutaneous Dueness Act, also, local boards were established which would deal with cases of this sort. The attention of the government, however, had been anxiously given to the subject, and whenever they felt that they could take advan tage of the provisions of the Fever Act with advantage, they would not fail to do so. At present, Lowever, the experience they had had of it had not been satisfactory. Such reports had come in of fever in districts where it had n .ver existed, and such grossly exaggerated statements had been made in ' civet where there seemed tot* a prospect of medical employ ment—(a laugh)—that the government really felt reluctant to take advantage of the opportunities the euactmeat af forded them. Ile most add, too, that he believed many of the deaths reported to have taken place from fever were cases of death from that sort of dysentery which had no doubt prevailed coneiderably. Sir R. H. INGLIS thought it would be wrong if he let pass the speech they hail heard from the noble lord, without adding the expression of his cordial admiration of en oration remarkable alike for the singular good taste of all that it stated, and of all that it omitted. (Loud ministerial cheers ) The noble lord had been sustained by a very singular discre tion in advancing that only which was calculated to conci liate the confidence of both side. of the house. He entirely agreed with him in the main principle he had advanoed, that the property of Ireland ought ••• support the weer', of that country. Mr. G. A. HAMILTON thought the government might advantageously give money to small farmers to cultivate their crops, and he begged to ask whether in the proposed measures of assistance they had contemplated the adoption of some such plan as that he referred to ? The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER replied that the government did not propose to make any advances which would enable proprietors to carry out whit ought to be the ordinary cultivation of their estates. Lord BERNARD said that the distress in the district of Ireland with which he was connected was appalling. Ile had received letters from Skibbereen stating that 2.5 persons were daily dying from want. Mr. GRATTAN comp:ained of the adjournment of the debate on this most vital question. At all events, home dine steps ought to be taken for the transmission to Ireland of ample supplies of food. The existence of so much ab seuteeism was a main cause of the distress of Ireland. If the large landed proprietors who drew their thousands a year from Ireland were to reside there, the case would be very different If Ireland was to be rated for the relief of the poor, he trusted that the absentee proprietor., the Vita wallows, the Buckinghams, the Headlorts, the (Innards, and so on, would be mado to pay double rates. In the title-deeds of estates granted to the Orevilles by one of the Stuarts, the monarch, though a bitter enemy to Ireland, insetted a clause that the estate should he for feited if the grantee did not reside six months a year in Ireland, an excellent example to be followed. He called upon the house to be active in meeting the wants of Ireland; let them recollect that, while they were debating, the Irish were starving. Sir W. VERNER compleined of the manner in which arms were openly sold in Ireland. Mr. TUITE raid teat wherever, as the noble lewd had mentioned, the sons of considerable farmers in Ireland had been paid money out of the relief rate, the relief committee guilty of such a perversion of their duty ought to be publicly exposed. He regretted that there should be any delay in the settlement of the present question. Mr. HUME said that the project of government taking up the waste lands would not answer. Government had never meddled in money matters in Ireland without being a great deal, and doing a great deal of mischief. If property were divided into lots of 300 or 400 acres, they would find that capital is Ireland would develops itself Mr. STAFFORD O'BRIEN did not wish to enter into a discussion now of the merits of the proposals made by the noble lord at the head of the government, but he desired to record hie firm conviction, that what he bad said with regard to the owners of land in Ireland was true in all its parts, and to its full extent. (Hear, hear.) His opinion was, that they were no more free from the errors of those who had gone before them, than they were from the legal enactments which had been pared before their time. Ho I would also express his opinion the' the utmost exertions of that house must fail, mikes those who owned land in country. Mr. 'ROEBUCK said, that it was not his wish to enter into any discussion of the plan of the noble lord; but he could not allow it to go forth to the world that the body of the howe concurred in the view a:pressed in a certain portion of his speech. If the noble lord would permit him, he would express his great and unbounded admiration of the tone and characteristic feeling expressed throughout the whole speech. There was a feeling about itof kindness, commiseration, and manliness that ought to characterise every statesman. But he could not permit the world at liege to believe that the noble lord would find it easy to carry out all the parts his very elaborate scheme. It comprised three sepa rate parts. The first wet for the immediate palliation of the great calamity. That point he would not touch. The next had reference to the regeneration of the Irish people, and the creation of a state of feeling which would put them in a position which would not subject them to a repetition of this hitherto periodical calamity. In the end which the noble lord had in new he entirely con curred ; but he could not connect with that end the means which be proposed for arriving at it, namely, by taking in hand a portion of Irish property, and the concerns of Irish landlords. It appeared to him that any means by which money was to be taken from England to benefit the land lords of Ireland would be a great and mischievous error. He had that it was not afterwards considered as comparatively given, instead of lent. Unfortunately he had seen a great deal of money given as a loan to Ireland, but it had never come beck. And the noble lord st that moment told them that he intended giving 50,0001. with the expectation of only one-half of it being given hack. That was a proceeding to which he wished to refuse his sanction. As to the next point, the necessity of imposing a new system of poor law, he had only to my the thing was done, the blow was struck, and the property of Ireland was henceforth bound to maintain its poor. He hoped that the noble lord would continua to unwired the same manliness which he exhibited that night. He believed, however, that any attempt to make this an agreeable measure to the lenrlionla of Inland by taxing the Engll.l people for their benefit would add to the noble lord's difficulty, by raising oppositisn to a good measure, and not lenenine the opposition which he may receive from the landlords of Ireland. There was a great ebullition of public opinion in country which the noble lord must consider even when he legislated for the landlords of Ireland. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said that before he answered the question which was put by the hen gentleman opposite, he would take the opportunity of ex pressing the pleasure with which he heard the observptions which he made. He could assure him, that neither he nor his hoe. friend had any desire to cast any imputation on Ire land. The legislature must always know that in a cue like this they have difficulties to contend with of no ordinary nature. (Hear, bear.) The honourable gentleman asked what wax to be the distinction between the functions of relief committees, and those of boards of guardians ? It was not intended to alter the functions of the later. They were to be authorised to levy rates, and to superintend the administration of the poor-law. Relief com mittees were to be formed in each electoral divis on. The poor-law guardians of the unions were to be es officio morn ' bile of them, and also the magistrates and lord-lieutenants of each county, during the temporary duration of this pres sure. The rates would be levied by the boards of guardtnis, and each money as would be required by the electoral din !sions would be advanced by them to the relief. committees. (Hear, hear.) Now, with regard to what fell I tram the noble lord opposite, he had only to say that there were in the west of Ireland for the last three or tour weelsa tweaty-six food depots which were open during the period& which the tralasactions he refer:red to o' earned. In the county oeCork, Clare, and Leitrim they were estahlalied in all directions. Belief was not suspended until the passing of these hills. The government had sent about steamer. with • lane supply of boilers for boiling seep, and there were 500,000 quarters of corn in Dublin during the passing of the late bill for the suspension of the 4.. duty. Lord J. RU sSELL said that one bill was a bill which rendered valid the proceedings which were stated in Mr. Labouchert's letter, and he wi-hed to ask for a second reading of that bill on M"nday. Lord G. BENTINCK said that he altogether agreed with the expression of the hon. member for Bath, as to the tone and language of the noble lord's speech. Into the measures themselves he would not now enter at any length. But he bail not any fault to find with them that they did too much, except inasmuch as regarded to the (em pulsory powera intended to apply to the sole of waste lands in Ireland. If he found any fault with them, it was that they fell far short of the necessity of the occasion. When his noble friend spoke of 50,0001. to supply the wants of Ireland with seed, he should recollect that it woo scarcely sufficient tosow five baronies, It would sow about 25,000 acres of oats or about 5,000 acre* of potato, a. In the present state of matters, giving 50,0001. would be like doing nothing. Al respected public works. he thought that his noble friend would have brought forward some measure by which the employment of English capital would be stimulated in Ireland. (Here, hear.) There was one sphere open for the employment of English capital, namely, the construction of railways, and he did hope that his noble friend would come forward with some well digested scheme to promote and stimulate the construction of railways. He knew no other scheme by which, on so short a notice, so many persona might be brought into prodahle employment, and he begged leave to state that, as f.r as regarded the promotion of railways in Ireland, he was prepared to introduce a measure, to which he hoped his noble friend would gine the same consideration, end the =me chance of being considered in parliament as they were willing to give to all his lordship's measures. He did not propose to introduce it as a measure in hostility, or even in rivalry to those of his Roble friend, but as an auxiliary ts the measures proposed by her Majesty's ministers. The hon. member for Bath de l:weeded the idea of fostering the Irish landlords in their estates as a mischievous error. He dissented from him in that respect, for he knew nothing that would be more advan tageous. There was the ease of Lord Dufferin, whose pro perty was made worth three thousand a year more than it was originally, by an advance of 24.0001. England could net separate herself from Ireland, and if they were enabled by such advances to obtain a profit to the amount of ten per cent., he saw nothing that would tend more to the improvement of Ireland at large, than by continu ing such advance*. With respect to the altera tion in the poor-law, he thought that the house must concur in that propoeition. He was not one of those who thought that the best way to strengthen an empire was to transport her beat men to a torrid. country. Nose hut men of enterprise, the bone and sinew of Ireland, would be got to leave that country. In respect to the faci lities given to the sale of estates and lengthening of the period of leases, ha looked upon that step with great satis faction, but he regretted that his noble friend bad not brought forward some great measure tor the promotion of railways in Ireland. He was prepared with a bill for that purpose, which he asked leave to bring in. Leave was granted. Leave was also granted to Lord John RUSSELL to bring in his bills, which he said would not be ready for a first reading before Friday. THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 26, 1847. IRISH RAILWAYS. Mr. W. COLLEII withdrew the motion of which he had given notice. SELECT COMMITTEE ON PRINTED PAPERS. Mr. PARKER moved for a select committee, to mutat Mr. Speaker in all marten which relate to the printing exe cuted by order of this house, and for the purpose of selecting. and arranging for printing, returns and papers presented in pursuance of motions made by members of this house, which may be referred to the said committee: Mr. Parker, Sir Robert Harry Inglis, Mr. Pusev, Mr. Vernon Smith, Mr . John Young, Viscount Mahon, Mr. Hume, Mr. Cardwell, and Mr. Loch. Agreed to. IRISH DISTILLERIES. Mr. SMITH 0 7 1Iiiiili;;;iiEioiathe Chancellor of the Exchequer whether he would object to postpone fur • abort time his measure affecting distillers in Ireland, as a great deal of alarm had been exited by it amongst the dis tillers in Dublin? The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER did not see what advantage was to be gained by delay. Ireland and Scotland would be put on precisely the some relative footing as England, u regarded the measure in question ; the duty on rum in sachet those countries would be 6d. per gallon higher than on native spirit:4; and he understood the hon. gentleman wanted equal I sws for England and Ireland. An Rote. Mzuncitesked if the Chancellor of the Ex- chequer would object to lay on the table the report of the experiments in distilling from sugar and molasaes to which he had referred in bringing forward the measure ? The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER did not think it advisable to do so, as the experiments had been made eu a small scale, and he did not regard them as con clusive: . . The house adjourned at a quarter-past 10 o'clock. Eht pro* MAILS. The mails for Vigo, Oporto, Liabom Madeira, Cadis, and Gibraltar, will be made op on the morning of the 27th January. Me maim for New South Wales, van Ihemen's Land, and Now Zeaband will be made up on the evening of the 31st January. The mails for Sydney, Van Dieman's Land, Re., will be made up on the evening of the 91st January. The West India maul including thone for Menino, Ifondnraa, and the ilayannah, will be made up on the morning of the 2nd February. The Mail. for British North America, Bermuda, and the United Staten, will be made up on the evening of the 3rd February. Tb, overlsni trails for Gibraltar, Mahn, Grow*, the lonian islands, Egypt, Aden, Ceylon, India, llong-Kong, and China, yin Soutriampton, will be made op on the morning of the ..rd of February. The mails for the Snails, the River Plate, Monte Video, Pernam buco, Belt* Ma Wire. and Buenos Ayres, will be ilepatchal on the everting of the 4th February. The overland cloyed mails, oho Mementos, to the Mediterranean, Egypt, Aden, Ceylon, India, Hoeg Kong, &c., will be made up on the systoles or the Sib February. Vie most efts, la any way, any ccouningeatlas that la Pent to tia bet dime who thecae to Woken ea la comildene• will y gala ealipected. NEITHER CAN WE UNDERTAKE TJ mita.v ANT IIIANILNCRIPTS WHATEVER. Advartlmmrota Intended for The Eqwro. Lawlor main paper, Mg IPS at the Office by Two o'eloet m the day of publication. HIGH WATER AT lAMDON-HRIDOT ban Dr.—Morning, 37 min. poet 9; Afternoon; 17 ere poet 10. To-Ncoenotr—Mornine, 58 min. port 10; Afternoon; 36 min. per 11. LONDON, TUESDAY, JAN. 26. IT is confounding and incredible to think, that a people who have reached such perfection, wealth, and greatness, in industry and enterprise, and who have achieved wonders, to which those of antiquity are as nothing—all done by free labour and private spirit—should yet, as a state, be possessed of the labour of indigent millions, have the provision of these millions flung upon them, and in all their cen turies of experience should not have learned how to utilise this mass of labour. It is, that in our system, government for such tasks is inapt, our monied and our landed members of society are everything. When they are paralysed, government seems necessarily and lamentably so. Lord JOHN RUSSELL has just made this humiliating confession. And yet this statesman came to the task last summer with eager hopes and active pro visions. He devised schemes of public employ, schemes for exciting private interest and cupidity amongst the Irish gentry to compete with public employ. In every way were these schemes modified and dished up to suit the palate of the Irish gentlemen. All in vain. And, last night, the minister came down to the House of Commons, flung down his hands in despair, and declared that he bad no more hope, no fresh plans for the tem porary relief of Ireland, except to consider the labour ing class as paupers, and to feed them on the bread of charity, without asking the semblance or the test of work. This forms one of the most mortifying pages of the history of the two countries. We do not impugn the necessity of such a declaration, the wisdom or the generosity which dictates it. But we cannot repress a feeling of both disappointment and despair. Ireland, until the month of August, is to be one vast poor-house. A Commissary - General, Sir JOHN BuIIGOYNE, is to be despatched there to establish depots, and soup pots, and elee mosynary establishments throughout the land, to support which the guardians of the poor are to levy what rates they can. Private charity and the Conso lidated Fund are to furnish the rest. We need not say, that when such partners enter upon business, charity ever becomes the sleeping one, and govern ment the active and responsible member of the firm. The Labour Rate Act is at an end. The expenses under it are to be paid half by England ; the ot he r by I the Irish landlords. We have always said, that as far as the distress was a temporary visitation of provi dence, it should be met by the imperial resources. But might there not be some distinction between those who exerted themselves, and those who did not ? At all events, the Irish landlords have reason to rejoice. After all the chiding., all the menaces to them, and all their frowardness in return, they are now treated, as spoiled and cherished children, with half their fines remitted. Truly Lord BESBOROUGII mast have been a very eloquent representative of Irish landlordism, to have talked and smoothed away the great dissatisfac tion, that existed with the whole of their conduct. Fifty thousand pounds are to be advanced to the landlords from the Treasury, to present their tenants with seed in the proper season. This seems a wise and necessary piece of generosity. At the sometime the soup-pot of charity , being full for the indigent, and no return required for it in labour, it is to be. hoped that the peasant may find time, health, and leisure to till his own plot of ground, sad the farmers' too. This, at least, may be expected. Such are the temporary measures for Irish relief. The permanent ones are divided by Lord JOHN Rue- SELL into three classes : the first comprises the im provement of private property, for which loans are to be given, reimbursable at the rate of six-and-a-half per cent. in twenty-two years. For this purpose, the drainage acts are to be consolidated, all improvements considered as drainage, and the mode of repayment under this act extended to all who have borrowed under Mr. LABOUCHERE'I4 or Mr. TREVELYAN'S letters. The second class of permanent measures relate to public works. And of these, the only one at present proposed is the reclamation of waste lands. The Woods and Forests are to undertake this, or rather the enclosing and draining; exerting a compulsory power to take any lands (or the purpose, under the annual value of 2s. 6d. an acre, on the landlord re fusing to sell or to reclaim himself. The I tads are afterwards to be sold or let in lots of from 20 to SO acres. On this one million is to be expended. Most of the other measures stated by us in Decem ber come under the head of public works. Of these I emigration might have been expected to hold a larger place. But it is evidently not a favourite measure with the Premier, who generously deems the population of Ireland not too great, with agriculture improved, and the due means of employment and sustenance provided for it. There can he no doubt of this ; but, in the meantime, until some improvement does take place, it is to be feared that the over-stocking of the labour market will paralyse all other efforts to raise Ireland to a normal state of prosperity and comfort. Lord Jon N RUSSELL'S reasons, however, for not augmenting the already deep annual tide of emigration, were powerful and just. The third class of permanent measures was the eleemosynary, viz., the Poor-law. This provision for Ireland was to be extended ; relief was to be in all cases afforded to the indigent. And when the work houses were full, out-door relief and labour were to be furnished for the able-bodied. The mention of the Poor-law was favourably received by the House. It is evidently the opinion, that the Irish landlord can only be reached, rendered careful of the poor, and responsible for his duties, by such a law. Inde pendent, therefore, of the wants or feasibility of an Irish Poor-law, it is popular ; and the minister has but to speak, in order to give it all the force and extension that an act of parliament can give. Did the series of measures, now brought forward, even attempt to restore any due proportion be tween labour, and the demand for it ; a poor-law might be made to follow them. Without each, we fear, that however speedily enacted, it will long remain a dead letter in Ireland. As Lord JOHN RUSSELL drew to the close of his important statement, he seems to have felt that it was far from a cheer ing one, and therefore to raise the despondent spirits of the House, he read two pithy extracts from Sir Thwass MORE and from another writer, de scribing the state of England and Scotland in the 16th and 17th centuries. The epoch seemed to be that following the Reformation and the break up of monasteries, which gave to England and Scot land a very Irish state of mendicancy and disorder. But these maladies of England and Scotland were the effect of temporary and known causes. That of Ireland is a chronic complaint, that requires some thing more than time and hope, however powerful as remedies, to cure. Ministers in either House did not put the courage of the audience to the test, by naming the sum which these measures and grants were to cost. A sum of fifteen millions would have made a sensation. It cost but twenty to emancipate the negroes. An equal sum were well spent if we could emancipate the Irish pauper. But fifteen millions, merely Imeards that object, is a severe and unsatisfac tory outlay. The remarkable speech of Lord LA.NS DOWNE demands a separate notice. IN order to a wise and just conduct with regard to the consequences of the Spanish marriages, it is necessary to keep apart and to distinguish carefully the different questions, which have ansen from these events. The political results likely to follow them, in the increase of French power, the confirmation of that power over the government and fortunes of Spain, and the consequent derangement of the commercial, military, and especially the naval, balance between the great countries of kurope, form ono very import_ ant consideration. This, however, is not a question which presses—it is one which we may discuss at leisure, since the French have gained their point, and have re-establisbed.their future domination and influence in Spain more successfully and more solidly than did Louis XIV. himself. A question that more immediately presses for solu tion, is the conduct and fairness of the French govern ment. If we have been the dupe, not of French artifice, but of circumstances; if the weakness of the Spanish court, if our own political changes and offi cial oversights, if the French court, and ministers, and envoys, have practised no more than common selfishness, conducted matters with no more than ordi nary astuteness, or obeyed merely foolish jealousies and fears—then, however unfavourable and menacing the events of Madrid may seem to us, we still cannot make them a cause of deadly feud with the govern ment and dynasty of France. No w the French court and mi ni sterassert thatthis pre cisely was the case. The King, M.Gu izor, and the Duc DE Bnootiewere the persons, who recognised ISA BELLA'S right, and set aside the male branch. They were all necessarily anxious, that the result of this step of theirs should not be to throw the Spanish crown out of Bourbon hands and French influence. They made an arrangement with Lord ABERDEEN, ensuring the continuation of the Bourbon dynasty. And they pretend that the accession of Lord PAL MERSTON, his conduct, his words, and his silence, to gether with certain acts of the court of Spain, did create in the French court and cabinet a real fear of a Coburg marriage. To prevent this, the French court hastened Queen ISABELLA'S marriage, and the Spanish court, for its own reasons, precipitated the Infanta'a marriage. Such 111 M. Guturr's story. We regret to say that we cannot give it confidence. It does not appear to as to hold together, nor would it bear an hour's investigation in a court of justice. First of all, we do not think that M. GUIZOT could be seriously alarmed at the pretensions of the Duke of SAXE COBURG. The correspondence laid before parliament clearly proves, that the Saxe Coburg. themselves refused to entertain the idea, without the previous consent of the King of the FRENCH. And it equally proves, notwithstanding M. GUIZOT'S pretended igno• rant* of the fact, that Louts PHILIPPE was quite cognizant, as well as master, of the negotiations of the Spanish court for a Coburg marriage. According to M. Guizor, in his speech before the Peers, the Spanish wart was merely anxious for a marriage which would give them the support of a foreign power, and did not care whether the prince was a Coburg or a Bourbon. We cannot suppose the Spanish court so foolish as not to be well aware that a Coburg—especially the Coburg intended—had no pretensions to be considered an English prince, and that his marriage with Queen ISABELLA would have brought the latter no foreign aid. What the Spanish Queen wanted, was the support which a foreign court might lend against her own subjects. It was not to England she could look for this. To France alone, then, far more than even to Spain, did the Spanish Queen look for support and alliance. They desired the double and the Bourbon marriage, and merely made the Coburg name a bugbear, not so much to frighten France into a NIONTPENSIER marriage, as to afford her a pretext for pretending to be frightened. Count BRESSON made the puppet, and dressed it, and pulled the strings. When this trick, this diplomatic coup, was resolved upon, of marrying the Infanta to a French prince, simultaneously with, or soon after, the Queen's espousal, the French minister, had he any fairness, would have abetted the marriage of the Queen with , Don ENRIQUE. ISABELLA herself desired it. And England desired it, for simple reasons, with which all the world are acquainted. But no—under pretence that the younger brother was too liberal, the elder brother was preferred to him, for the manifest reason of ensuring to the Duke de MONTPENSIER and his heirs the succession to the Spanish throne. This is the most flagitious part of the whole transaction, although it is one but casually hinted at in the diplomatic correspondence on either side. J We mast own, too, that the speeches of the Doke of BROGLIE and M. GUIZOT in the Chamber of Pecrs, and the tone of the entire debate, arc calculated to aggravate the soreness of England and the difference between the countries. The Duke of BROGLIE began and based his whole argument on the assumption that Spain could not be independent, and that France must dominate. " Spain," he said, " was nothing, and ought to be nothing, but through France !" There is no need after thi. of reading another word of the Duke's speech, much less of attempting a refutation. _ _ _ M. Honor in his speech represented the horrible fear that he entertained of a COBURG marriage. Lord PALMERSTON's resumption of office frightened him, he alleged. And his lordship's abstinence from treat ing of foreign politics, when re-elected at Tiverton, appeared to him ominous and menacing 'lhe next pretext was, Lard PALMERSTON in his letter to Mr. Betwen, shown to the French government, men tioned the name of SAXE-COBURG. But that letter sets forth with the declaration that the British government would lend no support, and make no ob jeetioo, to any of the candidates named. Surely this was enough to allay French fears, and Lord PALMERS TON must have written and shown it in order to allay them. Whilst the bare mention of the Duke of I SAXE-COBURG was necessary to show, that Lord PALMERSTON adhered to Lord ABERDEEN', abstract principle, of the Crown of Spain not being for ever neces-arlly entailed in the family of BOURBON. The French minister, therefore—though he accounts for his own hostile conduct by the appointment of Lord PALMERSTON, by his Lordship's remaining silent during the first ten days' tenure of office, and by his having, when he did break silence, written his cautious and amicable letter of July 19—has, we think, utterly failed in making out even the shadow of a case against our Foreign Secretary. We say this with the most perfect impartiality; for we have neither the desire nor the intention to support Lord PALMERSTON through all the ramifications of his policy. Nor is the tone of the concluding part of H. GUIZOT'S speech, nor yet the manner in which it was received by the French Peers, satisfactory. The French minister said, that France had to remain firm and make no concession, and tt e present differences would pass away. The present differences are, for tunately, a matter of feeling more than of anything else. The marriage of the Duke of MONTPENSIER, and the necessity of the King of the FRENCH having a son or a grandson on the throne of Spain, are facts accomplished. We cannot prevent them. But surely M. GUIZOT ought to indulge us in a little natural ill humour at such a result of our fifty years of efforts, of blood and treasure expended to secure the independence of Spain. M. GUIZOT, one might expect, would gild the pill and sweeten the hitter draught for us. But no; he tells us rather roughly that we must swallow it. He addresses England on the Spanish marriages much as the Spanish revolutionists did FERDINAND on the subject of the constitution : Trogala perro ; swallow it, dog." So H. GUIZOT winds up his speech, by saying that the English are a good and rational people ; that they will not bear malice to France; and, at any rate, that they meat submit to necessity; the addition to which in the report of the French debate is (on rit). In other words, when M. Guam declared that Eng land must swallow her ire and her affront, nut of necessity, the courteous and kindly peers of France set up a loud laugh. This is what Lord BROUGHAM would call in his Cumberland French accent an entente cordiale. A few weeks ago we asked the following question —What is the use of impressing upon the labouring man the prudence of resorting to the Friendly Society, when it is entirely a local question whether prudence consists in going in, or keeping out ? Seldom a day passes without an opportunity of preaching on this text. We have now before us a Norwich paper in which are two letters from correspondents: the first, making mention of a society formed by members of a certain chapel congregation, in comparison with another society, the " Independent order of Odd Fel lows of the Manchester Unity; the second, in de fence of this last society from some previous attack. The society of Odd Fellows numbers a quarter of a million of souls, and possesses& million of pounds ster ling! Its engagements of course are large : a London actuary declared there ought to be ten millions to meet them, but afterwards, on better information, reduced the figure to three millions and a half. We are reminded of the old South American bishop., who were said to have burned a million of heathens to convert them : it must be exaggeration, said the good people, but if it were only half a million that is something. Even the smaller sum is large enough to want good. proof. But what we are struck with is the character of the defence set up. It is, that the London actuary cannot have investigated the affairs, "for the best of all reasons, that the materials for an inrestiya lion do not at present exist." We forget who the counsel was who defied the opposite party to destroy his client's character, for that he had none ; but the cases are very parallel. The apology cuts dreadfully both ways : it seems to impeach the actuary's figures on a ground which may finally show them to have teen too small rather than too large. The materials for investigation are being brought together:—we hope the result may be favourable. Bat, in the meanwhile, we put these two questions to the good people of Great Britain. Is it right that funds, raised out of the property of the poor, should silently grow to an extent which makes one society alone number creditors by the hundred thousand, and pounds sterling by the million, without any effective statement of the affairs being possible ? Will present wrongs be righted, and future mischiefs prevented, by anything short of such a really national system as we have advocated, and, with such facts before us, shall not cease to advocate? VIENNA, he. 10. There is now no longer a doubt about the official incorporation of the kingdom of Poland with the rest of the Russian empire, under the administration of the department of " I.and and Water" at St. Petersburgh. AR assimilation in respect to taxation has not yet been decreed. But a measure of surpassing magnitude is an nounced, the feasibility of which in the pre sent state of the money market appears doubt ful. The estates of the greater part of the Polish nobles have been mortgaged deeply to the bank of Warsaw. This bank stands in a very dubious relation to the government, for which it contracts loans and facilitates money transactions, preserving, at the same time, ostensibly, the character of a private bank. Some short time back, notice was even to all the landholders that their mortgages must be redeemed at short notice, on pain of fore closure. This step was looked upon as emanating from the government, for the purpose of expelling the present proprietors, and replacing them with others. An ordinance is now said to be de cided on, establishing a large credit fund, to be endowed by the Emperor for the purpose of advancing funds to the landholders to clear oft these incumbsances. It is probable that these landed securities, which will probably be obtained against an issue of notes, are intended to be made available else ' where by the government to meet its own emergen cies. Further details respecting these singular finan cial operations are looked for with great anxiety. The suspension of the incorporation of Cracow within the customs' line of the Austrian states is said to be again indefinitely postponed, in consequence of the threat of Prussia to establish free marts at Berlin and Myslowitz, on the frontiers of Galicia, if the incorporation took place. The negotiations on the subject axe now transferred to Berlin. M. de Hum melauer, the well-known messenger on diplomatic subjects from our state chancery, is going to London to look after the entente cordiale between Austria and Great Britain. The purchases made by the new credit fund of railway shares at or near par, has had a very good effect on the money market Purchases have been made in all the lines now in work in Italy, Hungary, and the central provinces, and have checked the tendency to sell out. The outlay is stated to have been three millions and a-half florins, or 330,0001. sterling. FRANCE. —BREAD Mins. Accounts from the Departments continue to tell of disturbances among the people, on account of the scarcity of pmvisions. The coun try• around ChAtesuroux was in a very disturbed state ; and, at Bellabre, one of the chief inhabitants was murdered on the 17th. Riots had aLa occurred at Argentan, Saint Benoit-do Sault, and at Saint Pol de Leon. At Roacoff, the people are described as subsisting upon cabbages and turnips stolen from the fields. ITALY.— GENOA. From a private letter from Genoa, dated 18th Jan., we extzset the following purge : I "Our government has just issued a decree by which Lom bardy Maine will now be subject to a heavy escort duty which is about equal to a probibition.•' NAPLES.—We learn from a pi ivate letter, dated lath Jan., that the axtitomtat amooppt the populace, at the high price of bread and ntaccaroni, is immense. The King has been stopped more than once these last few days. It is 'unity p uib a to keep the exportation open much longer. The day before yesterday it was said that a decree to close it would appear in the evening, but no such decree has ap peared up to this date. We hope," add. the writer, "we shall be allowed to lord a vessel without molestation. Using to the belief that the exportation will be prohibited, we could purchase much cheaper to-day ; but, under actual cir cumstances, it would be madness to buy." Great misery is prevalent in the Romagna. It is hoped that the construction of railways w ill provide work for the inhabitants. The 7th Feb. is the dsy appointed for the different companies to present their plans to the Secre tary of State. HOLLANI).—AMSTERDAM, JAN. 22.—The Jour nal de la Ilaye of this day, alter stating that the Daily NM, was the first London journal to publish t h e diploneine communications respecting Cracow, which wus laid before the French Chambers, proceeds to point out that theme ding article of the Daily !tetta on the Montpensier marriage, which it quotes, contains many details not generally known, relating to the negotiations. GEItNIANY.—It is generally supposed that Arch- Duke Stephen of Austria, son of the deceased Palatine, will he elected to the dignity meant by his father's death, although two other candidates will be proposed, Count Szechougi and Count Tricky, the latter • protestant. A new commercial code and bourse regulations were expected to be issued at Vienna. The construction of si enspeasion bridge over the Danube has been decided upon. T h e crisis at the Vienna b ',Arse has greatly subsided. The state of the principalities of the I)arnibe will soon attract public attention. The ir.eonmeatiim of ftraenw is • prelude to the annexation of Poland. Under the pre text of more easily procuring provisions • considerable body of Russian troops is advancing toward* the frontiers of Galicia. The views of Rani& on Turkey are no longer a. secret, and the principalities of the Danube are not prepared to resist an attack of the Russians. Moldavia and Wallachia would fall an easy prey. Berrie alone is capable of making some resistance. la this country the throne is bereslitary, which is not the ease in the other principalities, and the dynastic interests would endeavour to di fend themselves against the grasping power of Russia. Prince Alexander does all in his power toward. the welfueof his subjects. A Vienna letter of the 15th, in the Swabian Mer cury, says—" It is announced that the Princess Elisabeth, daughter or • the late Archduke Palatine of Hungary, is to he married to the younger brother of the reigning Duke of Modena, which marriage has already received the sweet os the Emperor of Austria. In the next spring the Arch duchess Maria will go to Naples on • visit to the Queen of the Two Sicilies, her sister, • joune y said to be connected with a projected marriage between this princess and the Count de Trapani." There exists an excellent institution in Leipsic for procuring employers for the working clam,. During the year 1846 there were, on the part of tne former, .5,023 appli cations, and 4,965 persons were provided with soltable work. The entire expense of the establishment was 5,978 dollars. KONIGSBERG, List. 14.—The agent of a London assurance company, who was sent over to this place to inquire into the shipwreck of the Danzig vessel, the Adolph Ottomar, in the autumn of 1845 (the cargo of which was insured to the amount of 80,000 thalers), has discovered that the said vessel shipped in this place and in Palau an immense quan tity of large stones as ballast. Further inquiry led to the arrest of ono of the sailors of the Ottoman, who th dared that the captain had been promised a large eons if they would scuttle and sink the ship. Subrequently the Lament ad mitted his guilt. The London agent has now satisfactorily proved that the cargo on hoard the vessel was of no value. —Deutsche Ally. Zeitung, Jan. 20. RUSSIA.— ST. PETERSBURGH, JAN. 12. The health of the Empress continues good. The apprehension that the climate of Russia would prove injurious to her, after her return from Italy, has proved to be untbunded. Prin. is Wolkomki, who has recovered from • long Meet., has re ceived his portefeuiUe again from the Emperor's hands.— Ltessfache Alig. Zeitung, Jan. 20. GREECF..--ATu ENS, JAN. 10.—The discussion on the hill for the organisation of consulates, shieh began three weeks since, is now terminated. The country is perfectly tranquil, and the general welfare is progressing. At Patras more than 150 new houses were built during the year. At Hydra, Galaxidi, at Spexxia, and in the isles, the lumber of vessels increases daily. The con-truct ion of docks and maritime arsenals at Ira, Speeria, and Amalie is going on rapidly, Great activity prevails in the Pi. tens. RARATONGA (HARVEY'S ARCHI I'EL AGO). -- DR/MI(0(7111M iit/KRICANFA.—Extract of a letter dated Papeiti (Tahiti), 26th April, 1846:—0n our panage from the Navigator's Islands to this port we had to call at one of the interm, diate islands for water, and consequently made Rims t ngs, one of Harvey's islet. The very day after we arrived the island was visited by a hurricane, which caused out wesel to part four chains and two hawsers by which we were moored, and drove us on • reef. The schooner being con siderably damaged it was impossible to continue the voyage in her, and I th, refore awaited fur sonic time an oppor!uoity to proceed. A few days afterwards we were suited with a second hurricane, which blew down the bowie in which I was residing (a substantial well-built house), destroying cocoa-not trees, and the other trope on which thenatisres depend for fool. On the 16th alt we were again visited with a hurricane,which absolutely destroyed the whole island. On the morning of the 16th March it wee blowing a very heavy gale, with rain which fell in ouch large drops, ea acquired such force from the wind, at to render it painful to be exposed to it. During the afternoon the gale continued to increase, destroying many house, and tearing the trees out of the ground. Leery precaution was taken by lashing the roofs on the houses with strong ropes, and nailing up doors and windows. I went se usual to drink tea with the missiovaries, from whom I rectived every kindness and at tention. At ten o'clock, the k sir at which I was in the habit of leaving, the gale was still increasing, and I therefore proposed to remain until some change took place, as I feared every instant that their house would come down, and I knew, under such citcumstanees, that nay ser vices would be acceptable. At about midnight the missionaries' house began to totter, and Noon became a mass of ruins. On the following day the island presented, • most melancholy picture of desolation. tot a house re mained standing. The trees and vegetables on which the natives depended fee food were destroyed, and everything belonging to me, as to others on the Island, carried away by the sea, which bad risen to the enormous height of eighteen I feet. I had nothing remaining but a shirt and a por of' trowsers, having thrown off my other clothes in order to escape more speedily to the mountains, out of the retch of the advancing waters, which 1 accomplished by swimming and scrambling over the fallen tree., bring careful the while to avoid those that were still falling to all sides. I Was obliged to beg a pair of shoes from an American whaling captain, who called at the island a few days afterwards, ha.- • ing no means left wherewith to purchase them, and by degrees was enabled to clothe myself decently, with odd things picked up from the sea. The natives, 4000 in number are left houseless and without any material for rebuilding their settlements ; nor will they be able to erect any places affording reelect shelter from the weather for years to come, no completely haetlie inland been swept . They have also to contend in this friihtful state against • fan. me, which must last at bust six months, as all their plantations are destroyed, and that time will be required to ripen any crops they may now plant. At the time of my - leasing they were beginning to suffer much from the effects of this latter evil.—l was taken off Rstratooga by the Lon don Missionary Society's barque, John Williams, and arrived here on Tuesday evening last after a very favourable voy age. %Six court. WINDSOR, MONDS.Y7—Count Alexander Menadon is expected to arrive at the Castle today, en a visit to the Queen. The Earl Forteacue and the Earl of Aberdeen an oho expected on a visit to her Majesty. The Queen and Prince Albert took their scene ' tamed early morning walk. Their R.N. the Prince of Wales, Prince Allred, the Princess Royal, and the Princess Alice took walking and pony exercise toilay, in the grounds . around the Castle. H.R.H. Prince Albert enjoyed the sport of shooting this morning. A deputation from the parish of Hackney had as interview with Visor - mot Morpeth yesterday, at the office et the Woods and Foetid., in Whitehall-plow, on the subjeotef a new approach from the parish et Hackney into the Vsctoslll The The Earl of Lunn had an interview with Sir 0. Grey yesierday, at the Home office Mr. John Wood, Chairman of the Excise, had as • interview with the Chancellor of the Exchequer yegaige, at hie official residence in Downingetreet. lkspatches were received yesterday at the COINIII Office from the Governor of the West India colonies. Dr .4 - matehee were also received yesterday from the Govenrear 4 Gibraltar. PROTECTION TO BRITISH RESIDENTS IN OPORTO. —Mr. Quarks Harris, of Sinitersquare, having addressed a letter to Lord Palmerston, stating, that in case Oporto was taken by smash, the ladies and children of the English resi dents, as well, indeed, u the merchants and their earl, and valuables, might be exposed to very serious danger, he re ceived the following satisfactory reply Ilembin4Mee, Jan. 21.-111h-4 ea divided by the thesunt Pal- Illigelln to othreviedge Oho moist it Mem d the 19th but, =lds bubbly% ettootion le the iilim ba all& the Seidel fie Oporto trSi lis sinienk In the event at that tome . beim = by the mpg Wisps maw lissehal fialdisha and menonies alt a &SW seelileit ihr i At A rz the Doom lam Is elite In yen in mks. Mr Willies Pears S v be Innineled le Ili all mar rad wee nary loOloWel t/t allseloodus et Diltleb nig pegyarlyet Omni during the tegignmags of aseinetibetyieee; mg ant the Viee-lihnied 'SY not te mime the SHIM semi force true Owls tiftenneollSty h 'whey mama In lint but I haw MW to beano yoe tire IS omen isc r ti accounts reelect from fir Wiliam Parker Una to genenems'of his ' general intimations, be was stout to take the neereary intonorto the the purpone.—l am, etir, your mat obedient humbletement, K J. ST . . —To Quarles Harr* Erg. AiMDOTE TO DUELLING.—A salutary blow has bow struck at duelling in ' • by„si tate of enforce sues of • Law of the State, ay Ow the Furriest awn be responsible for di *. apign:he kills in a &IL V Fox CLuß.—The fiart/plietin . ttils Club We year we held on Sotiarilay if • h oees. ~•• .4. :,..... , r ).. \;;" , ' ,b,l 2 :f-e . A ' .~