The Express. — London, England, 1847-11-18 00:00:00

e go isi timer• dive boom st dom. vide an la gismien i •••••••d 0••• Our* •••••• is ••••4lw/m• 1 imp meass •poindot *Wit dramilm• marl* 114 mills a/ Me us- NW* isimmommis. nu* dip we t an Ain at Weirs 1111 10111 1611 NUMMI vf 1119 eiapßegara ea sot t i ell••• a &Ammo et _•114 'kWh*, ma • kl•b••• =rim tad thee it yr 4111i1W as a roam of roam • &muter. LITERATURE OF THE LOWER ORDERS. BATCH TRW FOURTH. We proceed with our reports upon the literature of the lower orders. The group of serials of this clam to w hich we invite the attention of our readers to-day, consists o f The Sportsman's Magazine, a weekly issue of sixteen ~..o st gm, prim 2d., unstamped ; Sporting Life, same aim pries; Chat, a broad sheet for • halfpenny ; Love, ditto; The Child with Two Fathers, one penny, etc. The tide of the first work on our list imperfectly indicates its contents. A very harmless book—that is, harmless according to the received moralities on the subject of slaughters by " flood and field"—might be written under such a designa. tion. To the uninitiated, it would probably suggest only hunt- thought of grouse , game, and trout ; of shootiog, ;no, and fishing ; and the question would naturally *rim— What interest can these things have for the lower classes, the readers of Holywell-street publications ? A slight in. emotion solves the mystery. " Sport " has • far more comprehensive meaning than this—according to the Huh or popular interpretation. It includes also the turf, the cockpit, and the ring, with other di ions of kindred character, and all the questionable doings therewith con nected. These more reprehensible kinds of "sport" are three most largely treated of by the oracle. Horse - racing and prize-fighting have especially great attractions for cer tain of the most neglected sections of society, and more par ticulerly when in their worst forms of low black-lamina and blackguardism. The amount of gambling done upon the "great events" of each season is astonishing. In London, and in all the large provincial towns likewise, there are hun dreds of houses in which this active process of social corrup tion is carried on. To meet and foster the propensities for this species of gambling, even amongst the very poorest classes, the stakes are arranged fr ,m pounds down to pence. An advertisement is now in the morning journals of a " sweep " to be held in Holborn, which is to be made up from a thousand subscribers at one shilling each, which, as the greater *umber must necessarily be blanks, is in every respect a lottery, and there'ore illegal. Measures might and ought to be taken to put these gambling transactions down. By such works as that under notice, the spirit which incites them Is fostered and encouraged. The principal feature, however, of this particular serial, is the ample account which is given of emery great fight, sad the sayings and doings of the world of " fancy "—as the members of the prize-ring and their friends and patrons are commonly denominated. These brutal and brutalising exhibitions are still of frequent occur rence, notwithstanding their well.understood illegality. They are not, however, now patronised by the higher elutes in the way they once were. Thirty years ago, Byron could be seen in the company of Jackson, and known to take regularly his lessons in boxing, without losing caste. The hero of fisticuffs was then something of a gentle man. But times and ideas have changed. No man of cultivated intellect, nor, indeed, any man of the world, would now think of laying " Boxiana" upon his drawing-room tables, or placing works of • kindred character conapicuously upon his shelves. The literature of the ring has retreated into Holywell-street; and it now commands readers only amongst the very dregs of society—those to whom coarse, animal, stimulating aliment is most kindred, and at the same time most dangerous and destructive. Here they have, week after week, the rabid appetite for the brutal ministered to without stint. The work second on our list is issued from the same source : we notice that an incorporation has recently taken place, and that is future they will be carried on under the title of Sporting Life. In the joint issue—which is so fee, however, an improvement, as it leaves only one work where before there were two appears a series of papers called a " History of British Boxing." It is a biog raphical history, and consists of a disgusting detail of each individual ." set-to " of the various persons who have distinguished themselves in the so-called " manly . art." This is evidently the attraction of the paper. Next in order of apparent importance is a series of articles on "Cock Fighting." Then follows a " History of the Turf," not such a history as might be written of this old. but, we fear, somewhat degenerated, English pastime, which, strips of some of its now attendant circumirtsnees for corruption, would still be • worthy and useful, as it is • national amuse ment ; but a mere catalogue of slang, fit only for the tap room and the mews, for which places we apprehend it is written. Every department of the paper considered, we think Sporting Life is, however. a decided improvement upon The Sportsman's Magazine, less brutish and vulgar, leas exclusively devoted to the ring—a fact which is not without its significance: Of this anon.—VAat is not of importance enough to demand especial notice. It aspires to be considered a sort of Punch—it is in fact very small beer—or punch minus the whisky, lemon, and sugar. Its jokes and smart things are of the dullest, and yet not of the most delicate kind. Love is apparently by the same hands. It is filled with love tales and anecdotes, and it is the hardest reading one could well imagine—except Chat. Neither of them will ever set the Thames on fire. We notice them only because they represent a genera—of which we can take so other notice. The Child with Two Fathers is considered a taking title. Some time ago The Wife of Two Husbands had a tre mendous run amongst the wives and daughters of the poor and illiterate. As the success of the Mysteries of Paris produced the " mysteries " of all the great cities in the world, so has this piquant title produced its imita tions. These titles are of themselves sufficiently suggestive of the stories connected with them. There are several scores of this kind of weekly issues. " Love and Madness," The Gipsy Boy," " The Wife's Tragedy," &c., are amongst the list. From about half-a-dozen to ten new specimens of these precious brochures make their appearance every week i and they all find readers somewhere—a con- Ramat soil in which they can germinate and flourish. The fruit thereof, could it be truly traced, would be found to be indeed bitter. Yet there is hope even in the midst of this moral laser house. The corruption is not uniform. The plague is not permanent. it waits for the physician; but in the mean time it manifests of itself an organic disposition to recovery. Throughout the whole of its history this low-clue literature exhibits a constant and spontaneous tendency to improve. Nature struggles perpetually to east off moral evil, as she does to recover from physical derangements of the systems. Tea, five, years ago, the literature of the lower orders was more rapid and pestilential than it is now : far more. Two years since, eves, the worst forms of the still existing rem nants of it were in the high ascendant. At that time the Salisbury-square press was much more active and powerful than it is now. Many hundreds of thousands of copies were sent off from it over the country weekly. it is difficult to assign the number, even roundly—but Mr. Lloyd certainly led the command of the market at that period. Ever since, however, he has been losing ground, we believe. We are informed that his circulation has fallen off at least one half. This certainly marks an advance in popular tastes—sad indicates a 'gradually rising level of intelligence in those classes which were his best customers. It is interesting to know whither the readers, thus detached, have removed their intellectual banqueting to. Several new works such as The People's Journal, and others of a high clam, of which we shall have to speak by and-bye—have commenced during the time; and the first inference would naturally enough be, that the readers lost by Lloyd had been picked up by Mr. Saunders. But this would be wrong. The gulf which divides The Penny Some day Times from The People's Journal is not to be passed in a stride. Animal propensities—some sympathy with the ludicrous and the terrible, the natural instinct of full c i z r children and ungrown men—and the power of decip letter-press, are all that iv required foe the understanding of the former. The latter demands no small amount of mental discipline and cultivation to be brought to its comprehension. No man who could read the last would for a moment dwell in contact with the first. They belong to two distinct orders Of intelligence. No, the deserters from Lloyd's literature have advanced a step only forward. The London Pioneer has caught some of them ; The London Journal still more ; and-TAe Family Herald, perhaps, _the remainder. While the lower periodi cals have declin ed—declined notwithstanding the attempt to arrest that tendency by improving their tone and matter —these three, which are the next higher in rank, but still is the same genera, have greatly increased in circulation. We believe the present extent of their innate to be about 20,000 for The London Pioneer ; 50,000 to 60,000 for The London Journal; and from 70,000 to 80,000 for The Family Herald. The first two circulate almost exclusively in large towns—the latter both in town and country, but prin cipally amongst females. Some of the former readers of these last-named periodicals have betaken themselves to the still better and purer literature which we have referred Sp— end which has almost wholly sprung up within the two years just past. The programs from the decidedly low to the unquestionably high must nemmarily be slow and stage by Ita fl e ine figures, though they are only approximate and in complete, convey some idea of the extent of the evil of whisk we are treating—as also • significant invitation to the teachers and guides of the people to come forward and assist in its suppression. Sound instruction would soon breed a contempt for unsound literary aliment. Trash would lose its attractions. Men will not feed on carrion when wholesome feod is within their reach especially where the carrion receive, no recommendation from the manner in which it is dressed. A crusade against minor tion is far mon feasible in the literature of England than en th a t of France. With us it is found only, or at least thielly, in such periodicals as we are now examining—works which have no possible recommendation to persons of any taste and cultivation. In France ' on the contrary, sensuality, irre ligion' and false notions of honour, are enshrined in works which, for artistic skill, power over the passions, and know ledge of life are perfectly fascinating. Art there seems to have no higher purpose then to beautify sin, to render it charming, piquant, agreeable. With us, fortunately, it is gross, curse, vulgar—as it is always, and ought always to appear. There we see theuelantholy phenomenon of genius allied with moral impunty7that most fatal sign of ap proaching dissolution of society. This great evil we have not to contend against. No such social crisis is approaching in England as that which is foreseen in Paris ; but it is not less incumbent upon us to use every endeavour to preserve the moral condition of the labouring classes—the hurt of our country—pun and sound, by carefully eliminating every noxious and deteriorating element front their deity mental food—that food which is to become their principle of life. In our next batch we shall look into the political depart ment of the literature of the Dower orders. ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH IN IRILAND.—There are in Ireland at this moment 2,73.5 Roman catholic priests, 2,203 Roman catholic churches, 26 colleges, 68 convents. 93 nun neries, and 42 monasteries. IRELAND._ Dolma, Nov. 16. Roscommon has shared in the unenviable notoriety of Tipperary. Major Mahon's death comes up to the true point of Dalcaaaiaa atrocity. There is, however, a strong spirit of order and obedience among the farming classes, which only requires encouragement and concentration to bring to bear on the general condition, and efface the stain of murder from a county not dieposed to excessive vio lence. This result has partially been secured by the prudence and firmness o the member for Roeoommon county, Mr. Fiizstephen French. lie has organised a body of his brother's (Lord De Freyne's) tenantry, and distributed them into watches, which patrol the estate by night and will do duty during the winter. The confidence thus placed in them has had the best effect, and already scared the habitual marauders from their work of midnight violence. A party of armed ruffians, after swearing a superintendent of works under the drainage commission to abandon his employment attacked the house of one of Lord Be Freyne's tenants. They were met by the armed patrol, and, alter hot pursuit, contrived to escape. The tenants declare that any disorderly intruders will be received with the butts or muzzles of their muskets, according to the degree of resistance. If the gentry would place themselves at the head of the farmers, insubordination would soon cease, aot only in Roe common, but throughout Ireland. Instead of courage and co-operation, the landlords are flying. Sir Gilbert King has broken up his establishment at Charleston, and others prepare for a long absence. The Clare gentry grow impatient because their un finished roads are not taken up immediately. At a meeting of the labour-rate committee, on Saturday, it was resolved to address the Lord Lieutenant, and solicit a definite answer to the memorial on this sub ject. In the course of the discussion, Mr. O'Brien, member for Limerick, stated some facts which throw a light on the proceedings of the National Council, whose deeds still lie in darkness. The grand jury re vision came early under notice of the council, and among the improvements it was suggested that the county surveyors should have funds at their disposal to repair the roads of defaulting contractors. This, certainly, was a practical evil, and the proposal is a practical remedy. The fiscal business of grand juries principally consists in investigating the acts of defaulting contractors. By the present law, the county surveyors have no power or funds to complete the unfinished contracts, so that the imperfect roads are an injury to the public communications, and are deteriorated in the long period which moat pass over before they are again under the contractors' hands. Another suggestion of the council is the amendment of the Drainage Act, whose preliminary necessities are a constant source of delay and embarrassment. Mr. O'Brien stated that from 13,0001. to 20,0001. on the estate of the Marquis of Thomond was lost in re munerative employment to the county in consequence of these formalities. The resolution which he pro posed as a corrective is probably the resolution of the council—namely, that the asNent of each proprietor should be presumed if the diss , ne, after due notice by thedrainage commissioners, were not recorded. Ques tionable projects whether of proprietors or commis ' sioners would then be easily prohibited and useful projects not delayed. - - POLVTICS AND PLACE-ILUNTINO. — Your readers were no doubt amused during the general election by the vehemence with which certain of the Corkagiana defended the propriety of asking places from the government, and the greater vehe mence with which it was attacked by others as unpatriotic and immoral. Among the latter was Mr. Fagan, one of ate representatives ; among the former was Mr. Dan Callaghan. The latter was recently illustrating his doctrine, and called on Mr. Itedington, our under-secretary, intimating that though he had been twenty years in parliament he had never before asked a piece. " You colleague wasn't so," observed Mr. Redington ; upon which Mr. Callaghan duly reported that Mr. Fagan was a place-hunter. Mr. Fagan wrote to the Castle; the secretary denied that he meant Mr. Fagan • the latter published the denial in the journals, and the talk ; -loving people of " the beautiful city" have been supplied with nine days gcesip. THE ARMT.—The army in Ireland, for November, 1847, consists of ten regiments of Cavalry—via., 2nd Dragoon Guards, 6th Dragoon Guards, let Royal Dragoons, 2nd Royal North British Dragoons, 4th (Queen's Own) Light Dragoons, 6th (Inniskilling) Dragoons, 7th (Queen's Own) Hussars, Bth (Royal Irish) Hussars, 13th Light Dragoons, and 17th Lancers; two troops of Royal Horse Artillery, 10 companies of Royal Artillery (battalion with field batteries and officers of Royal Engineers); 23 regiments of I nfantry-2nd(Queen's Royals), 3rd Buffs, 6th Royals (reserve battalion),l3th Light Infantry, 26th (Carneroniaos), 40th, 41st (Welsh), 4 4th, 47th, 48th, 49th, 55th, 59th, 64th, 67th (Ist battalion), 67th (reserve battalion), 68th. Light Infantry, 70th, 74th High landers, 75th, 83rd, 85th Light Infantry, and 92nd High lander; 14 depots of infantry, viz.: 7th (Royal Fusiliers), 15th, 16th, 19th, 34th, 38th, 54th, 66th, 72nd (High landers), 73rd, 77th, 79th ( Highlanders), 88th (Connaught Rangers), and 95th, forming an effective form of 28,500 rank and file of all arms, with 21,682 enrolled pensioners and staffs of militia corps. STATE OP THY. CoUNTRT.—MII SAYLET.—Mr. Cusack, surgeon, has returned from attendance on Mr. Bayley, who was wounded near Nenagh, on Saturday, and reports that his recovery may be expected.—Mr. HASEARD.—Thin gen tleman, it is said, died yesterday morning ; and it is reported by the local journal that vengeance is denounced by the pea santry against many others of his class. SCOTLAND. EDINIIIIIIOII, Nov. 16. Lord John Russell's loss of the Lori Rectorship of the University of Glesgow will probably beire by the Premier as a deliverance rather than arfll Had he been re-elected, he must, of necessity, have come down for inauguration ; and the trouble of doing so at any period of the session, to say nothing of the preparation and delivery of the usual oration, would have been amply equivalent to the honour conferred. Colonel More will probably lend his influence to the university test party, while Lord John would almost certainly have taken the other side. Only about one half of the students voted, so that Colonel Mare's triumph of 13 votes is not very signal after all. The landed proprietors of Scotland, titled and untitled, are now in a position eminently critical ; and as they are apparently removed from the operations that pre sently distract the mercantile world, an explanation of this seeming phenomenon is naxssary. Premising that more than one-half of the land in Scotland is in erpetliity entailed on the direct male heir descend anti of the current possessors (some 3,000), it is rarely the case that an heir comes into possession without being burdened with debts contracted, not merely daring minority, bat during expectancy. In posses sion he may have to contribute to the support of the widows and children of his predecessor,orthe younger members of his own family, but, leaving them out of view, and taking only his own liabilities, a very supposable case is that of a party succeeding to a rent roll of 2,0001. a year, but with 20,0001. of debt. Two years ago the rate of interest would have allowed his estate to have been mortgaged for this rum, at an annual coat of 7001. a !year, leav ing 1,3001. for family expenses. But the entail system makes mcetmain imperative, and therefore he mud borrow at a higher rate of interest, and insure, his life besides; and, to do both, 8 per cent. or 1,6001.1 a year is necessary, leaving him only 4001. a year for himself. All this might have taken place two years ago ; but now matters are entirely changed, and here is the explanation :—Two years ago the interest on deposits it Scotch banks was 3 per cent.—and so ac- 1 mistimed are we to investment, that it is a proverbial I fees of man for Best& people to say that at leek anal their money is lying uselessly in the hank. leaded promieleti will give 3} and 4 per aunt. in set* mess, and then money is freely lent them ;and, so long as "pipiegeinies of peace con all is well ; bat when a Miele MOM like the prem.* and when any . one will give 6or 7 cant tee money, a run is made on landed penpeiel n s, either to refund the capital, or pay inereened inte rest. The last straw breaks the essurs kink, and this is it, for, groaning under previews burdens, the slightest additional proem beings all to the ground. The law of entail abolished, a proprietor by selling a third of his domains might redeem the other two ' I thirds. But in the process the arti fi cial stilts on which land has hitherto stood will be wholly knocked away. An earl's castle will be attached fee debt as ruthlessly as the shop of a bankrupt abeememegsr— and an improvident baron will buns to ge then* the world with a shabby coat as asel as we new see a spendthrift sharebroker with eted elbows. Property will then come into the hands of . pedant city merchants, who will know their own interests better than to keep deer forests, or to overrun their tenants' crops with game. Such will be the commer cial effects of free trade in land—the moral opens op a wide field for discussion. ETHER SUPERSEDED.-NEW ANAESTHETIC AGENT. Ether inhalation, whiel;sed to impart such to in valuable aid to inimical . , had not been in nse for twelve months, when another end far more effective anaesthetic neat has been discovered, for which we us Indebted to Professor Simpson, via., chloroform, or the Yachted& at &mitt. The eempaitiou d. ehteehteus THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 18, 1847. was first &minutely aseertalned by Dumas, the celebrated French chemist, in 1835, but Soubersin and Liebeg had previously been engaged in similar investigations, and so far with seems. These inquiries, however, were golely directed with a view to the extension of the chemical ence. "They had (observed Professor Simpson) no idea that the sublimes to which they called the attention of their chemical brethren eoeld or would be turned to any practical purples, or that it possessed any physiologiesl or therapeutic effects upon the animal economy." To Professor Simpson, therefore, belongs the honour of discovering its wonderful sauseathe4e properties, and of having first ventured to apply it to the reliefof suffering humanity. Its advantages over ether are so varied and palpable that the latter may be con sidered as already superseded . "Itis a dense limped colour less liquid, readi ly evaporating, and pommies an agreeable, Migrant, fruit-like odour, and • saccharine pleasant taste." As an inhaled and anaesthetic agent, it possesses ever sulphuric ether the following advantages : let. A much less quantity will produce the same effect. 2nd. A more rapid, complete, and generally more persistent action, with kW preliminary excitement and tendency to exhilaration and talking. 3rd. The inhalation is far more agreeable and pleasant than that of ether. 4th. As a smaller quantity Is used, the application is less expensive, which be muses an important consideration if brought into general use. 6th. Its perfume is not unpleasant, but the re vels, and more evanescent. 6th and 7th. No particular in strument or inhaler is necessary; it is quite portable ' • and all that is required is to diffuse a little of the liquid upon a hollow-shaped sponge, or even the pocket handkerchief, and apply the same over the mouth and nostrils, so as to be fully inhaled." Professor Simpson has, since his discovery, applied it frequently to obstetric practice, and with entire success; but it was last week applied for the Ant time by Protector Miller and Doctor Duncan to surgical operations. A great concourse of medical men and students witnessed the result in the Royal Infirmary, Professor Dumas, of Paris , to whom we have already reigned, also being present.i These results are so inter esting and so important, not only to the medical world, but to mankind at large, who are destined to experience its beneficial effects, that we will be excused if we state the same at length, and as furnished to Professor Simpson from the notes of Professor Miller and Dr. Duman. The two first mentioned cases were operated on by Professor Miller, and the third by Dr. Duncan : " CAB 6 I.—A boy, four or five years old, with necrosis of one of the bones of the fore-arm. Could speak nothing but Gaelic. No means, consequently, of explaining to him what he was required to do. On holding a handkerchief, on which some chloroform had been sprinkled, to his face, he became frightened, and wrestled to be away. He was held, gently however, by Dr. Simpson, and obliged to in hale. After a few inspirations he ceased to cry or move, and fell into • sound snotmg sleep. A deep incision was now made down to the diseased bone ; and by the use of the forceps, nearly the whole of the radius in the state of sequestrum was extracted. During this operation, and the subsequent examination of the wound by the finger, not the slightest evidence of the suffering of pain was given. He still slept on soundly, and was carried back to his ward in that state. Half an hour afterwards he was found in bed, like a child newly awakened from a refreshing sleep, with a clear merry eye and placid expression of countenance, wholly unlike what is found to obtain after ordinary ether. isation. On being questioned by a Gaelic interpreter, who was found among the students, he stated, that he had newer felt any pain, and that he felt none now. On being shown his wounded arm he looked much surprised, but neither cried nor otherwise expressed the slightest alarm. " Case II.—A soldier who had an opening in the cheek — the result of exfoliation of the jaw —was next made to inhale. At first he showed some signs of moving his hands too freely; but soon also fell into a state of sleep and snoring. A free hiciaior, was made across the lower jaw, and from this the dense adhering integuments were freely dissected all round, so as to raise the soft parte of the cheek. The edges of the opening were then made raw, and the whole line of incision was brought together by several points of suture. This patient hal previously undergone two minor operations of a somewhat similar kind ; both of them had proved unsuccessful, and he bore them very ill, proving unusually unstea4y, and complaining bitterly of severe pain. On the present occasion he did not wince or moan in the slightest degree ; and, on the return of consciousness, said that he had felt nothing. His first act, when appa rently about half-awake, was suddenly to clutch op the sponge with which the chloroform was used, and re-adjnst it to his mouth, obviously implying that he had found the inhalation from it anything but a disagreeable duty. This case was farther interesting as being one of those operations in the region of the mouth in which it has been deemed impossible to use ether—and certainly it would have been impossible to have performed the operation with any corn plicat:d inhaling apparatus applied to the mouth of the patient." CASE Ill.—A young man, of about 22 years of age, having necrosis of the hrst phalanx of the great toe, and ulceration of the integuments, the consequence of injury. The ulcerated surface was exceedingly tender to the touch, so much so, that he winced whenever the finger was brought near to it ; and the slightest pressure made him cry out. After the removal of the dressings, which caused same pain and fretting, the inhalation was commenced, and the patient almost immediately • became insensible, and lay perfectly still while the diseased mass was being removed by amputation of the toe through the middle of the second phalanx. The inhalation was now stopped. The edges of the wound were then brought together with three stitches, and the wound dressed. The patient shortly afterwards awoke, looked round him, declared his entire and perfect freedom from all pain and uneasiness during the operation." The whole quantity of chloroform used in these three operations did not exceed half an ounce ; and, as Professor Miller afterwards observed to the students that were pre sent, if ether had been used, several ounces of it would have been requisite to produce the same amount of anauthstk effect. The following case occurred also to-day to Mr. Miller In private practice. The notes of it and the subsequent remark are in his own words : " Case IV.—A young lady wished to have a tamer have dissected out from beneath the angle of the jaw. The chloroform was used in small quantity, sprinkled upon a common operation sponge. In considerably less than a minute she was sound asleep, sitting in a chair with her eyes nut, and with her ordinary expression of countenance. The tumour was extirpated, and a atich inserted, without any pain having been either shown or felt. Her sensations throughout, as she subsequently stated, had been of the most pleasing nature • and her manageableness during the operation was as pe rfect as if she had been a wax doll or • lay figure. " No sicknees, vomiting, headache salivation, uneasiness in the chest, in any of the cases. duce or twice a tickling cough took place in the first breathings."—Edinburgh, Nov. 12.—Edinburgh Mercury. • Dr. Cbriatiscea who was erateolog the revolt, Worms me that thle patient was affected ia ball a minute. PROVINCIAL. ELECTION OF A BISHOP OP chapter for electing a Bishop of Manchester was held yes. terday at the Cathedral Chapter - horse , Manchester. The members of the chapter present were the Very Rev. Dr. Bowers, Dean of Manchester ; the Rev. Cecil Wray, the senior canon ; and the Rev. Oswald Sergeant, maw. The press were not admitted to the prooesse, sad therefore nothing can be said of the forms observed beyoed the fact that the cony. , &dire was prodased, sad that the skapter, determining to obey the mandate, the seemeary formal docu ment was filled up appointing the Rev. lames Prince Lee to the office and dignity of the Bishop el Manchester. Mr. Austin and Mr. F. Roberts, notaries of Doctors'-commons, were appointed proctors. Previous to the election the indefatigable opponent of the nomination Mr. Out teridge, had been very busy in the di s tribution of printed papers about the town headed, " A Re presentation to the Dean and Chapter of Manchester," in which, after quoting from the services for the ordination of a bishop, the declaration commencing with the words, " This is • true serum: If a man desire the office of •bishop, he desireth a good work," and the maxim' of Westminster hall, that "Christianity is part and parcel of the law of England," he addresses the chapter at some length, re iterating hie assertion, that Dr. Lee is disqualified for the office of bishop by " lying, drunkenness, and a malignant disposition," and advising them " humbly, but firmly," to tell the Queen that the person abe has recommended has not " the apostolic marks of a bishop," leaving it to the legal advisers of the crown to do their duty, when the chapter shall have thus discharged its own. Whether Mr. Gott.. ridge's " representation" ever reached the reverend body for whom it was designed has not transpired; but it is said that, whether or not, it formed no part of the matter for consideration by the chapter. Either they knew nothing of it, or they chew to treat it with contempt. DISTRESS AMONG THE UNEMPLOTED.—At Black burn on Tuesday above 1,000 unemployed factory operatives went in procession through the town, a few of whom solici ted assistance from the occupants of each here as they . On Saturday, the walls were preereed with an ad re:a from the unemployed to the guessUmse elite poor sad the inhabitants at large. The adder fs Nam lailamnam tory in its toms. commences as DAWN: To the timediees lt the Pear awe heimmgme himkbare.— Gentiemea : Mee gemmt might et sulksingeonset mei hors be ker. We dlegreele name ; ban se nib *teen ibe el dins; liar ewer era* ladle et rear If Os= Se Ines mon We en bid sue/ Is Is iessieney bet witti est eei lastelesaneeYntelinsmien Os Wee in billy eees. )y ear Inn if bon Ogle *legged Intl* others why& esuenrionesneu The penieve aw Omni ea tbe trial* *et •en doll be betel we mew rre arra rerrea. S e Ss= l"si e din It se war rigt* In lew. imam no nub demob net we OW be rderea ii wiSts tthepeertoWer,aleewetll bele lees peer pregertyt mhe plena wee possibly Weeded as a printable to the ovena* of Tunny, whi eb wee, from all .rants, lecher rably etteceedul, gene families giving all the bend they had in the house (in some cams, eleven or twelve leaves). and others money, in various amount& All seem speed that the sufferings of the unemployed ars gemerel sad deep, and demand relief. The behaviour of the parties making the solicitations was quiet and orderly, The greater part of the hands, it is believed, who kneed the breseries, were those formerly employed at Sir W. Mdse. mills, where about 1200, need to be engaged. His mills have bees doer for above a month, without any definite prospect of link re open IRISH LABOURERS.—Within the lost day Or two some ditturbear, ni ze mi ctreekester Ciwirdirs) = s r state, has been the Irai employed at the saw loweask a p i tilimlis resetee r etro. or the Iretheedierits terreeee Ibe Ira& Irish labeneen imolai, bar mired ihetrehee • sorrier. It apron that a Arr reirry of the ma raplayed at the works r belsp liableness, or " lei mere .they are called, come tit s sheet tre ese pdi, seq realm et a Mat mdse. ?Wes the eisabst Vas eallgua, Kt. Matthews, the clerk of the works, (sagged a cumber of men who did not happen to belong to the trades' union. This gave great dieuttkisclisa to the Iriah, who beaus* very awk ward and difficult to manage, threatening sot only to tarn oat themselves, but to indium the bricklayers and other work men to do the same. Determined not to be coerced by them, Mr. Matthews went to Liverpool and bought machinery, by which means the materials could be hoisted independently of manual labour, except to a very small extent. So exasperated were the Irish at this, that they tried tneir utmost to get the bricklayers, who are all English, to turn out, but did not not succeed, and on Saturday evening, in consequence of such attempt, Mr. Matthews discharged the whole of the labourers, about 120 in number (intending to engage such of them as he thought proper on Monday morning), and also suspended thirty or forty bricklayer fora few days, in son. sequence of the little delay occasioned by getting tits ma chinery to work. The Irishmen all assembled before break fast on Monday morning, in anticipation of work being resumed, on the road leading to the works, with the inten tion of intimidating some English labours who had been taken on. They were not interfered with, except in being prevented from entering the works, the orders being peremptory thlt they were not to be allowed to go en. They succeeded, however, in their object, that of intimidating the English labourenwho had been taken on that morning, and in making them leave off work, for one of thew latter observed he had been twice injured by the Irish before; once having received a wound in the head front their attacks, and stating that he durst not remain at work. This, however, did not better the case of the Irish themselves, and subsequently they made a proposition to Mr. Matthews to be allowed to come and work, and to do anything there was to do, provided none but " society men" be employed. This proposition was rejected. On luesday morning they went up again to the works, and stated that they had a meeting on the previous night, at which it was resolved to offer their services unconditionally, telling Mr. Matthews that they would do anything, and that they were quite willing that he should employ wtoever be chose. As yet, however, their overtures have not been met, nor does it appear that they will be re-engaged. Ain. EMERSON'S _LECTURE ON NAPOLEON, THE I MAN or senor, was delivered on Tuesday last, at the Man chester Athenmum, to a crowded auditory. The man (said Mr. Emerson) who more than any other expresses the aver age character and aims of the nineteenth century is Napo leon Bonaparte--the best known and most powerful indivi dual who has lived within the period. If Napoleon is France, is Europe, it is because the people he sways are men incarnate democrat the same kind—are little Napoleons. He is an democrat • the representative of the democratic, active, middle cl ass of men, having its virtues and vices, and, above all, its spirit and aim. That tendency is material, aiming at a material or sensual success, and employing the richest and most varied means to that end; con versant with vast mechanical powers, highly intel lectual, widely and accurately learned. and skilful by sternly subordinating all intellectual and spiritual forces as means to a material suooess. To be the rich man is the end. Napoleons ls no saint, and he is no hero, in the high sense. He becomes not merely the representat ive, but actually • monopoliser and usurper, of other minds. He renounced all sentiments and affections, and would help himself with his hands and head ; working in bras, iron, buildings, money, and troops, and being a wise muter-workmen. He superadded to these natural and animal forces, insight and generalisation. He does not guess, but feel and foresee his way. The art of war was the perpetual game he studied, and in which he exerted his wonderful arithmetic. The times, his own constitution, and the circumstances of his youth and t dilation, combined to develop this democrat to the highest degree. Such a man was wanted, and war born. He had • directness of action never before combined with so much comprehensiveness. He is ever a realist, terrific to all talkers and truth-obscurers. He never blundered into victory; his principal means were in himself. Few men hale any next; they live from hand to mouth, without plan, and are ever at the end of their line; but Napoleon always knew his business, and what to do next. Had his ends been public, and not egotistic, he had been the first man in the world. I He is firm, sure, self-diaddning, self-postponing, sacrificing everything—money, troops, generals, even his own safety— to his aim. His victories were only so many doors, or new weapons, and he never lost sight of his way onward. He fought sixty battles, and never had enough. His prodigious rigour was guarded and tempered by the coldest prudence and punctuality. His achievement of business war immense, and enlarged the known powers of man. There have been many working kings—Alfred, Justinian, Czar Peter—but none who accomplished a tithe of this man's per. torments. He war not to be imposed upon. He had a strength by nature, and a strength by sir cutustances ; still his grand weapon—the millions he directed—he owed to his representative character. lie discerned merit, and promoted it ; seventeen men in his time were raised from common soldiers to be kings, sem shals, dukes, or general,. We cannot, in the universal im becility. indecision, and indolence of men, sufficiently con gratulate ourselves on this strong and ready actor, who took occasion by the beard, and showed how much might be ac complished by the mere force of such virtues as all men pos ses' in lees degree, by punctuality, personal attention, cou rage, and thoroughness. Before ambition drove him mad, he might almost be cited sea model of prudence. The lesson he teaches is that which vigour ever teaches, that there is always room for it. To what heaps of cowardly doubts is not his life an answer. Mr. Emerson nest noticed Napo leon's capacity for speculation on general topics, quite re moved from his ordinary themes et war and govern meat. lie was highly intellectual, and delighted in dieser sines on practical, literary, and abstract questions. The most grateful parts of the picture of his life are those hours of thought and wisdom. But with the virtues, he had also the vices of the democratic class he represented. He wee singularly destitute of generous sentiments ; he had net the merit of common truth and honesty ; he was unjust to all his generals; egotistic and monopolising ; meanly dealing the credit of others' great actions; he was a bound less liar; in his premature old age, he coolly falsified the facts, da tes, and characters of history, studying to impose upon men • theatrical eclat His doctrine of immortality is simply fame; with him, the two levers for moving men were interest end fear; love was a silly infatuation, friendship but a name. He would steal and slander, assassinate, drown, and poison, as his interest dictated ; he had no generosity to an enemy, but mere vulgar hatred • he was intensely selfish and perfidious ; cheated at code, was • prodigious gossip, opened letters, delighted in his infamous police, in terfering in the patterns and dresses of women, and listening incognito after the hurrahs and compliments of the street. lie treated women without respect, and with coarse fami liarity and even insult. In short, when we penetrate to this men's centre, we find we are not dealing with a gentleman, but with au impostor and a rogue ; a fellow deserving the epithet of Jupiter Bailin—a sort of scamp Jupiter. Bona parte may be said to represent the whole history of both the democratic and the conservative party, its youth and age, sad with poetic justice, its fate in his own. The counter revolution, the counter party, still waits for its organ and representative, in a lover and a man of truly pnblic and universal aims. This instructive history ▪ its practical moral. Napoleon was an experiment, Mill the mod favourable conditions, of intellect, unstpported (if you will, untrammelled) by con science Never was such a leader so endowed and so weaponed ; never leader found such aide and followers. And what was the result of this vast talent and power; of them immense armies, burned cities, squandered tees. ewes, immolated millions of men, this demoralised Europe ? It ems to no result. All passed away like the smoke of his artillery, end left no trace. He left France smeller, poorer, and feebler than he found it, and the whole neatest for freedom was to be begun again. The attempt inutile's', in principle, suicidal. France served him with life, limb, and estate, as long as it could identify its might with him ; but when men saw that after victory was another war ; after the destruction of armies, new conscriptions ; and that they who had toiled so desperately were no nearer to the reward, they deserted him. They soon found that his absorbing egotism was deadly to all other men; and the universal cry of France and Europe, in 1814, was " Enough of Bonaparte." It was not his fault ; he did all that in him lay to live and thrive without moral principle; it was the nature of things, the eternal laws of nun and of the world, which baulked and ruined him. And the result of • million experiments will be the same. Every experiment by multitudes az by individual., that has a usested sad sel fish aim, will lit. The pacific Fotrier will be se inefficient as the pyridlees Napoleon. As long as our civilisation is essentially osa of pmesety, of tenons, of exclusiveness, it will be mocked by ashisions ; our riches will leave us sick,. there will be :bitters= In our laughter and our wine will bum our mouth. Oily that good profits, which we an taste with all dome and which serves all men. (Loud sad continued sppkese. MELANCHOLY AOEHHOEY.—.We an. to bare to place upon record another of these tsilselel y emele— the loss et Me upon Deflate fineds--whish en of sad Mi. quoin OSIMIMMIIIII Irt diet empress eitsary. It z thee Mr. Vtinia l led titleliearry, in , sese~~r of a view of Oft ill =lost ea s e ta ~as th e mein of the seeds was an almost deny amnion with him, he poshrred that come to going semi, Mask the flow of fresh water upon the rob - from the lets heavy rains, was menally greet On the same insesieg a farrier hem Illbsys eimptetliM mesa bat be Pm disarmed that the sob wee Issas& te see a dope as to megistaly ant ee sn Mrs of his plass to the opposite side, sed he Mom bre twined beck Milk* it was too Mr. P.sdetbwaite, however, was ism ibetmate. It apples that Mr. P. wee seen upon the 'ands by two fiebomea named Bell, but they were at too great a Memo M Mika say mist ime bat lied it been otherwise it fa mere than probable tbsellisir mettises meld have been tmvaiiag, owing to the depth sod impstemity with whisk the bosh mew was reihing down to th e sea. - nem the slabise of Mn P. end his hone there num le be me de d rlnt = wore precipitated down one of Mese dingissen 11= 1 : depth of not lets Om Meaty feet, mud by the stele of the river. The Mese }recently MO, Mt w ZrelM and made its way le the ids of the 1111111611111111 entered, and was at Beekaido again. Mr. Pest's re sidence, within an bees eher it had left, wills the saddle under its belly. This shesmstease gave vim helherhd ap prehensions ; and saw the lib bad resebisonesit wee mile, but in vain, until Wednesday assehig, Mese the emir M the unfortunate gsnimuut was dberverid on the (Mier land side of the gels, Hot BROW. The unitertenate demised was in toll of le rum of , mei lOW netted with • fuelly Me highs* loaf NI& dent in Kirkby Irsielb, "boo be lived thee' his childhood, hid Matl Mem by s largo and numerous Mole of fiends.—Oemborinnif Peemel. WPM& PoisoFING moll TIM 81•015 OF Tin Lagralont. —On Monday last, ono of es dibble belesileg to the Infant School, Bury, mu Mug with the mesh Mimi symp toms of poisoning by ame emellsabeteses Os iln removal to our hospital it Was elpsind to ban, Men sums of the seeds of Ike comes %hems. The thild wen ltiskly NP plied with every necessary attendance, and although most seriously affected, ultimately recovered. Oa Friday, another child at the same eehool was brought to the hospital with precisely the same symptoms. The seeds of the laburnum are not generally believed to be poisonous. It is understood that the trees at the school have since been removed, to avoid the possibility tithe recurrence of accident. NORFOLK. A CASE OF SHOOTING WITH INTENT TO MURDER occurred on Tuesday at Cawston, about eleven miles from Norwlob. A respectable fanner named Page, resident there I had, it appears, far some time past been importuned lb; money by • brother-in-law named Stoney, whom he had assisted until he was tired of helping • man unable or un willing to help himself. Page, however, supported two of Sturley's children, though he would not supply the father with funds. On Monde last, Sturley, who has lately lived at Norwich, went to Cawstno for the purpose of again teasing Page for money. He slept at the White Horse, kept ln a Mr. Easton, who knew the character of Sturley. Easton saw hint on Tuesday morning, and though he beard him swear that he would shoot Page if he did not give him some money, and he saw he had two pistols with him, he could not make up his mind that he would do so, and neither called in anybody nor interfered himself. Sturley took no breakfast, but drank two pints of beer and • glass of gin, and then went out. He went down to Page's and saw him, and the latter again refusing to let hint have money, he deliberately fired at him, and thinking he had not injured hint sufficiently with the first, he fired the second pistol. Page fell, it is feared, mortally wounded, but was not dead when our account came off. Sturley has been a farmer at Bawdeswell, then the proprietor of a coach to Norwich, and afterwards a publican. Palling in all these, he came to Landon, where he was equally unsuccessful. Then he returned to Norwich, and was for • short time em ployed by Mr. Youngman, wine and spirit merchant, but has lately had nothing to do. He asked for only two sove reigns, which were firmly refused by Page. The contents of the pistol entered one cheek, and came out on the opposite side of the face. Sturley, who made no attempt to escape, was taken before a neighbouring magistrate, and remanded to Norwich Castle. A GREAT SENSATION, Stye the Bury Post,.has been caused in Norwich by the apprehension of Mr. George Thurtell, the well-known florist and latterly professing land scape gardener, on suspicion of several felonies. On Satur day last four ofthe police proceeded to his residence, near St. Augustine'. gates, and took him into custody under • warrant, and on searching his person and house they found a great many duplicates of plate and other articles pawned at various places. They then proceeded to search his garden, where they found a great many articles, of which they took possession, and afterwards conveyed their prisoner before • county magistrate, by whom he was committed to the Castle for farther examination on Wednesday. It is said that there are four charges against him, the case for which the warrant was granted being a loss of plate by a gentleman in the country, whose grounds he was employed to lay out, and where be was entertained as • guest in the house. FORGERY op COUNTRY BANK NoTES.—At the Guildhall, Bath, on Monday, the magistrates were occupied nearly the whole day investigating a series of charges against a young man, giving the nameof William Green, for imposing upon a number of tradesmen in the city spurious .51. notes, purporting to hare been issued by the Chippenham branch of the North Wilts bank. When captured, seventeen of a similar description were found in kis possession, and it is supposed that he has carried on the system in different parts of the country to • great extent. The signatures to the forged notes ars ►ithographed. The paper, however, is of a slightly dif ferent thickness and texture to that used by the bank, which led to their detection. To add to the excitement which the discoveryerave rise to, Police Inspector Gibson lost his life in endeavounng to have the parties who had aided the prisoner in the fraud. The unfortunate man was sent to Bristol, and on inspecting some back premises he fell into a cellar, and sustained a severe fracture of the skull. The examination of the prisoner was attended by several of the directors of the bank. The first case gone into was an attempted fraud on Mr. Lewis, a hosier, No. 1, John-street. On Friday morn ing, the 12th inst., the prisoner went into the shop and se lected a railway wrapper at the price of Ifs., tendering a 51. note, which purported to have been issued by the Chippen ham branch of the North Wilts Banking Company. Whilst Mr. Lewis was reckoning the change, the prisoner requested to be served as quickly as possible, as he wanted to pay • gentleman outside two sovereigns. This induced the prose cutor to suspect the note was not a genuine one, and repre senting that he had not sufficient change, said he would go out and get it from a neighbour. He then took it to Messrs. Moger's bank and ascertained that it was forged. On re turning to the shop the prisoner was there, and on being told that he must be detained, replied that be must speak to ■ gentleman at the top of the street lie ran out, and was in the act of speaking to • man, when he was captured. Mr. Randall, an inspector of police, searched him, and found on him 221. 10s. in gold and 31. 10s. 10d. in silver. He was also searched by a Mr. Pike, governor of Bath Gaol, on Friday evening, when nine of the spurious notes dropped from the left leg or his flannel drawers, and six front the right. Mr. W. °unary, one of the directors of the bank, stated that the signature of " W. Gundry" on the note produced WAS an exact copy of his writing, done by a lithographic process. It was a forgery. On this charge the mayor committed the prisoner for trial at the ensuing assizes. It may be mentioned that the pri soner succeeded in palming off notes oa Mr. Gully, iron monger, of New Bond-street; the West of England Bank ; Mr. Birrioger, North-parade ; Mr. Johnson, George-street; Mr. Clements, Burton-street, and several other tradesmen. DEVONSHIRE. TREES IN CROWDED CITIES.—A correspondent of the Western Times rye, in desaiibing the seititory condition of Exeter : sin tree raided^ sag Oa dr tying reams et the we ere atereery for nopetalth oritthlt, hew meth sere they he iniese I arehnee. Whim& reds air the red beird ami rreme art that. mil berme weak, sad h 0: fever awl pother* will I armee with thergie Mks. god day he thiamin by a bum. per( derth et thin owl merry. Inter ant are I the ether or the sweet. Ifroshee bow an eetrre ' thee mar to ten oar windows, dathivisa as et the light et heßn Bat ere the Inbridgate deer lerrie peter Ira hisat4 log the pure air ef beam to ear Mesta. I word se what right any feeler'sl the ark* Is doge ay the Week me that ▪ hiltott cos. W then I Ideas to the these her the Othethal Seth, Mire Ore; It k dirk grod7. arid. eat heir It down to Lpar and pepare 'robber teed. Oa dr ether side t 0... is a k et fors, int, Peery. sldiersi. dine es sinew bra sad Seth s t d Bi d three refis la • heed et eriajted ia. the de Nth Bold. sal whit sad dreybeg eies. they ought ast Is moth( ease seereasoe therewinoth'w dry can pert sr emir them three typhus fever 1 regte eageodie. I . 17 her theaded &AM it is of but little me tz ',Wagtails& WI fl we ekes 0 0 can ofosi e~eear, cad fewer tile n =thith. IlEdudiag tom the hap at moo. dr, tree gal the viritytht Wage of the re, wither elite Bahr ferns em besisg to Ind Ml ewes rea ell or pow. I =dark *et tbi a sky ow thigh es le he thee dra bar het high. Oth sprzagen smelt se the Orledithyrit. Bersdrothay, broth ought Isle spa ether. Whet de geettith Ira lay le nerved= teralimer or ettitelithine. Iheorsey threes" by tb limbo rams" et s ardor' MmntMet be art a d the tor rid leidgendog ham et the ersary. Does not the foat ran Maw thet is With tin Il lbe Ihrphe an pee t Nth sec no it hoes dr thee et solgel mega to row hoer of the Err treith type addithisegrproteditither needed heePede, gad thosortherogo. Orr. rd l4rrseaMri there. el eery rope sily-thithe thumb Inaratth dray ma rid al for the weed kith erl pre sk. Warr. then, bar ild i atetha speed a eft W Oath ea thigh is e a he We pall dews ales. fa a wow th ee , la that Os =bee s ray Wealth hate r w Elesk iw rir sbahaw As= el the Mer Iss lite " lgtels et W therthes to the rOver.overvlllialbe yea Y11•1Mlai world " Yak hi WNW awl tither the oOa the Ohm et the deer the bar son ow gime &kW MINYA NY ell= epee tholews erre droll ththawren Pro. l et ether dor this Imbell eth temp eM Oar we them Peel* Whir rue prolethas. sea. bring ogee era OAS le •••■••11.111 roust that lmeneetheerve sk e threw esers erleed oath et he berg M Wed ergeri Meth es the pill reds eiagegr to the err lath We rq rank with there did era Chi Odle do as. thee fir shed dose rue erd so defter. Me le lesetho that whidt two a thinned hap 55* 55* lo pie Is, thed with nth ethelations. LITERATURE. • j Frea Trade and the Cotton Question. By F. 01. - Bsowir, Esq. iswoMt. tl lOB -1 The petition recently samea to the Board of Control, and referred to the Board of Trade, mentions a very remarkable circumstance, which singularly confirms the evidense, elsewhere abundant enour s , jh o l f the intelligence of the natives of India. The 'ah of Cochin has offered to abolish the import duties '- thee° levied on imports into his little state, although yielding 80,00 W. per annum, if we consent to abolish the does as ear frontier, which are estimated at about 2701. per aaasaL It appears that we leave only to ogres to the proposal, to - draw in the Mahal Tram comend thus Worn the internal trade cies hiameme tract of apanfry, the seaport of which weld borax our harbour Osehin. wh• clear eessis^ via • inswrity _sorenir== week yew rewe gm rws• wwweek mow the Wed Odmianisaal litkiiss, thus samilar to as maw at ONO WIN= imman/M +cm km In Ws at OW* lawn mil = I lb T= ••••=, imYaa— fit W• in minngst an i ti mama a* St gra ngle rsata >R Winalls bowl Warr r.. gaWrin (OW* sal Tainsiwa) stail =Wm la OW puma Mrs glantlimtha magginams* as aft Mr Mown Wimlimgs gni rah Wm WNW at the AWL Itant nitsM to . = Me bass aborahlant irla sas natty of marlin The mans of tranipcwt prepared to bring the produce to the west, amid to carry up returns of inannhishaed goods, are thus described by Mr. Brown, in a letter addressed as far back as 1832 to the Chief Secretary of Madras. An opportunity was aflkelled for this coecnienication by 7 the occurrence of a ease of assault whirl dboisad the demoralieof endltiret of Coohia and it oeighbeadtood, from want d the trade that hod hem se Isoriehing during the web lea e l f s Pee ew mi sad of Dutch governments : mem low I** NAstag, Csali. sad asany ga nagnaws** a iingn at Won aaviasasa. nest *a Badsvaisr. Saab • allt asgatilsi gra as taw Whin Tea* ar silmshidsM Wit at beak% itliglated to be at WOW& WM\ 11111 BM/ZWIIN MINN. 1111111010Wth*Ut ta *WI= Mr*. Is Irdwilms*, *WI et ftiamint, wink 50 min at Ow alnelb.eida.Saillellift I* at MO Win ••mangaillia Mit bar Una ta moms et lig West satirilh WI Itik, ow ~is Wigan Minta Was • gralt at *Maw. a linOte Cas == 11 Wis. Itst Sig *OW agesr la be wig ainspils is its W I T la Wen* Wl* Irrerforaibm lus dam drunift lie mangelgs * gm. at Ista as ha Wm Wit the ausissa dad* 'Voil far a, Mr tlliwMr am sma mats smile' is as so, sweetmeat the dietanse of a kerkenthed yards, at others of three and four miles Its breadth varies from twelve and fourteen more to 20eyards• es depth from many fathom to a few feet. late this Beckwith; as Into a grand trunk, all the numerous rivers eosin& like so many veins and atone, from the western Gisaute, are dia. eherged and retained. The Backwater empties itself into the see only by de mouths, of which six, the only one navigable for ships of burthen Is the mouth on the south bank of which is situated the town of Cochin. There la a bar at this mouth. The depth of water on the bar, at Olghwater spring tides, is seventeen or eighteen feet ; without the bar there Is my depth, and no danger not easily avoided. The only mouth, perhaps la the year, in which snipe from seaward mold sot enter Is July. The an chor age without is good; the Rake = LW. monism ere Trimly of each violen c e se are yearly e in the harbour of Bombay at the same smolt Within the bar the Backwater expends into a use estuary, three, eve, and ea mike wide, at least twelve mikolong, and deep enough for the largest ships. Country craft, such ea dews and pitmans of 60 to ISO tons berthas, load and discharge at the water's edge; ships, at the distance of a cable's length from the shore. The yards for thip.huilding are situated Is the north and math of the main ste-et or tamer. To the north were built several deeps of war, one of them ILYA. Alligator. of 16 gums is now at anchor in theie roads The mooed of the building yards is the property of government Each yard le let for one year only. Coesugoeatly not one is walled in, oar is there an attempt made to build wharfs, warehouse., dais, or any one permanent structure opal it. The opposite, or Cochin side of tee Backwater, 8o called from Its belonging to the Rajah of that name, and the shores of the island of Vypeen, situated in the middle of the stream, are equally well adapted for ship building and for laying down patent slips oe which ships are at the preeent day as well repaired as lan dry dock. Timber of all kinds some valued bp the =dem for maritime purposes even more than teak, and coed - - rimed hardly inferior lay European judges, as to be had in unlimited abundiusee, and at the lowest price. Workmen are good and numerous, their hire one-half lees than In Bombay. With all thee singular sod pre-eminent adventagee, there is not one European shipbuilder, nor one merchant of capital er adequate means, esta blished ut Corbin. Some of the changes which are now so strongly recommended to landlords in England might here, it appears, be applied with great profit. To give the tenants of government more than a yearly interest in their holdings would insure investment of capital and a settled state of society. The picture of the fiscal restrictions on trade drawn by the writer furnishes useful information to all who take au interest in Indian matters. The impossibility of carrying on an extensive trade, even where nature has been so bounteous as the above extract describes, is the strongest recommendation of the prayer of the petitioners. Let us consider that before moving land, produce and industry taxes are levied on all produce. After this the products when in the trader's hands are liable to the following vexations. In the fifty miles of the Backwater between Cochin and Chowghaut, in the company's territory, there are ' four land custom-houses—the company's, the Rajah of Cochin's, the Rajah of Travancore s, and that of the person renting the island of Palyport. At each of these mations boats parsing and replacing are stepped, searched, and made to pay five per cent. duty upon their cargoes; be ' vides protebly half so much more tleave vexation and detentics A Crane of treß..;l;wate;na;igal7.l; rorraneel;;;;;FesupuTiiiehoor, SO miles from Baulghaut, the principal inland mart in South Malabar, And 80 from Coimbstore, the chief town of the province of the same name; by which abort, cosy, and ecooomioil route, there cannot be the MM. doubt but, for thew insuperable difficulties, the bu'ky raw produce of MI those countries would find its way to the sea. South of Cochin, the CUST.OO2-110111104 where duties at, payable are re duced to three, those of the company and of the two rajahs above named. But this limitation will give • very erromous idea of the actual number of CUSIOOI-hOUne there are belonging loath potentate throe the course of the Backwater. For, us the territories of all three interlace and dovetail at numerous points—at every new point of cootact, at every fresh piece of patchwork, there arise oar or two rival custorn-houBes, at each of which the Moaners of mopping, searching, and, if at night, of detaining bait• for duty, is repeated. --• • • - _ • In consequence of this communication, Mr. Brown was requested to supply the Madras government with further information. He did so, and the correspond ence is given in the pamphlet- The matter was re ported to London, where it was also not neglected, as the following extract from a letter addressed by the Court of Directors to the Madras presidency shows: We approve of your having declined to interfere in this matter. Instead of drawing lighter the restriction. which press on the trade of • ante, which, as al:nerved by Xejor-Generul Col to, the resknnt to 7 . ,,,,auxt,p a nd Cochin. 1., although nominally Independent, se much under "direct British control as any company's oollectonte." it Is our wish that the oommercial policy pursued towards all webs states similarly circumstanced should be of the meet liter .1 de,riptioe, and that they should, as far ae possible, he treated with the same favour so the territaries under our direct administration. We have pressed on the attention of her hielesty'e government the claims of the native etates, in dependent and slabeithrty alliance with the company to he treated in cewinierelal matters., integral portions of our Indian empire; mid although we have hitherto only emended so far to to procure the ac knowled g ment of the rights of the province of Nl 3 pore to be regarded es a Ihitint pomeedes, we abali not fail to trio advantage of every suitable opportunity to attempt to obtain the earns advantages for other satire etates, possessing amllar relation. with our government. —,A true extract.] —(Stened) J. F. Teoso., Chief Secretary. A copy of this paragraph will be turnnied to the Baird of Revenue In rinses is their escanary's letter, No. 111, dated 11th December. HA nil to the pone= egraineeiteme en the , object, with a re grmtitt tber WekinlMillt=twivr.c=oft tttourtearde„2.7, ta order that the views of the ha. Se th may be can ied out, lii In woe Awes that the annual amount drawn t i or li the aineowes *Mai (band coatem-liouseo) on the Coddle MOW is yen small, VW rupees per annum ; sad it Is rehab that the sen received by the Cochin baker in she nag alt ; mad me the renew of that petty state exceeds the public de amis. a tellingensellice of revenuer be readily made to meet the s c r Il a t imilasi pellien wfbitrVish=eary*lP s g hall st'eliku'u.krtnik.' pose t the sea inelea eineneset ]gabber on ~,bendy sleeted by the abolition et the hind th ke. die geoetannt an, at any time, remedy this by thdr nuenshtidiamet, ce by sa sersagement with the Cochin Sir. tar. [True extract.) (Signed) J. P. Tamers, Chief ficeretary, By this course of proceeding the Indian govern ment has added its testimony to that of the merchants of Cochin, who consequently addressed their prayer to the Board of Control, with whom the decision rests. SACRED HARMONIC SOCIETY.—The performance of Mendelusohu's " Elijah," with which the Sacred Harmonic Society bad determined to commence their season, was ren dered, in consequence of the melancholy intelligence re ceived • few days ago, a tribute to the memory of the illus trious dead ; a tribute, too, not unworthy of its object. No event connected with the world of Art, since the sudden death of Weber, has created so deep and general • sensation in this metropolis as the death of Mendelssohn ; a sensation produced not only by the greatness of his name as a musi cian, but by his estimable and amiable qualities as • man, which were well known and appreciated, in consequence of his long and intimate intercourse with English society. The Sacred Harmonic Society did what was incumbent on them to give a mournful solemnity to the performance. The orchestra was hung with black, and the whole body of the performers were in mourning—a costume which pre veiled in every part of the room. The recommendation that there should be no demonstrations of applause was strictly observed. The *hole oratorio was listened to in deep silence, Mt with the nmost attention, and it was evident that the need inibseadfal strains of this inspind work made a pro faned ingmanion at the audience. There was nothing cold or languid in this perfect stillness, nor did the absence of the or atory tokens of approbation damp the ardour of the per formers. Oa the contrary, they made the most earnest exer tions to &justice to the music • and we are convinced that they had much more satisfaction in executing, and the au dience In llnening to it, than if it bad had the noisy usual in Exeter Hall. We really wish 6 th cc al m r ilmall ienpor}ence of last evening may have some effect is bringing. about a discontinuance of • coarse and anbeemealm custom. The performance, on the whole, woe dem/in SI much praise. It was evident that since the lasi preview porkirmance the choral band, as well as the in. etresmataliete, bad bestowed pains in study and practice. The charms, indeed, were in general excellently sung ; not only with great power of sound, but with a degree of pre cision, and with a quiet and subdued tone in the softer po ngee which we long desiderstad in Exeter Hall. The i chorus, in particular, of the priests of Baal, " Baal, we cry to thee," was given with immense effect. The singers seemed thoroughly te understand its spirit, rising In intensity of expression till the prayer became a cry of despair. We observed other instances of intelligent discrimination, highly creditable to so large • body of singers. The instrumental orchestra betrayed a little occasional unsteadiness, and was rather weak In stringed instruments; but, on the whole, it ac quitted itself satisfactorily. The principal vocal part—that on which the greet weight of the piece rests—the character of Elijah, was sustained by Mr. Phillips with grant ability and effect. In the recitatives his declamation had much dignity and foul, attended, however, with his usual fault of a tendency to heaviness and slowness in passages which de mand a vehement and energetic delivery. He sang the airs of the pert with all the beauty of his rich, mellow voice, and with tin moot perfect purity of style. The principal soprano pa st e eimletbly sung by Maims Caradori Allan, who onnemnad to do se on wry &art notice, in comae vim* of Kin Peels having _ham prevented by indisposi- Ma flea legassisig. Him Deft we the contralto, and, It is neer eseneszy to sag etas beautifully. In the •••■•.larffswir, when Jaassm denemmets the prophet, and m itt =l y e to den the s i l e nsr and hlmae s.t faij i vocalist did not was Mr. 1110 tenor part with much sweetens, Ins tee anseth, and lacked con trast : with a little MN Wig, Veal have left nothing to be desired. The eseentsepines Of sib ecdote were filled up with the help el ltielhnel wines. J. A. Novelle. We beard in the Hall that the ei= fte a seentorid of ' Mendelesohn, which, so we has been heeded by the names of her emi l =lsert, Us rapidly filling up, and that the vain subscribed is ecovadaratile. . NAVAL Pot?MOUS% Nov. 17.—Naaldes. 10, Lira Mr" er a...A riled the hawalis at Itsilltud Ora the orola at AM /UAL Moe. ht. is is lisahir frisk Waddle. was Er khz. bur to beim aihroo t aid art ismin kr rnt. ir. anted welaest dna Elphood: Ida aid so. wart Is Wlraiislis. - 1111111,Jador add am. iel tht hatrodb. Ordes. ht, NM as Sr Dotra le eke the pare d de Orbs; r..yla. Ordhabrho bon resrad th the Way owl drotheolor. t....ria. Or a ' all =thwW•ita by lb* Tared Noleillilir Mit hodl Ur Ouralawerak rho setted hithe s erdA mm 4b: Shddirl ad dr Orr* Or Or. Oa dr •he bawl dr edam tbe Teride log was Milled sod idlh pm ADIMILIXT. Nov. 17.—Arroorrotares. — Ldedreat: T. E. L. Mem lo Ifterreh—Cheplain : J. L Mad" to AMMO : W. U. IWO to Crross.--10dripems : lh A ti al dree bi le g , . pp _dor : J. Ler% to racelleat.—Jusdailerredit J. Olke th lea Joao [ --- MILITARY. POILTSWOrTH, Nov. 17.—Th• heed-quarter Yellen ei the sewn Web= Oeth regt. arrived We day et omrs, hll we.