The Express. — London, England, 1852-08-23 00:00:00

ghe enirtoo. TO CORKISPONDINTS. • reworl Fratios .r" TM Nairsoa" esslaistas !as yaw m a i m .. Gam w," 1. ',edema sway Trois: sal Friday *kat% U.. lag p.s. Lira Om west. Wieward for " [apron," tArlas Towdar r spur, sy , t ths Oak*, SOSIIIAMUFSIt. by Two o'clock us the day of ,tarlostioo. HMI WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE tom nal —MOZIIIr.g. Tb 40s. ......kftenser, Ail Urn. TJ•11. LIOW-410117414. 9b. 27• L LONDON, MONDAY, AUGUST 23. Is the Standard of Saturday we find a prominent place among the leaders assigned to the following : We have received by this morning's post a printed pla card het of the voters in a molested midland Irish county, in which list the names of all the vi tars in the barony (corresponding to an English county hundred) to which the document professes to refer are given at length, with the names of the respective candidates for whom they voted, also the names of the registered electors who did nut vote, a large smasher, apperently, from the Irish names., Roman catholics. In both cases the residences of the parties are annexed to their names. Such baronial lista are, we are as sured, univer...l in all the counties when there has been a coats-at, and like lists are printed in the same form fur con tested eitin and borough.. There can be no doubt of the purpose with which these lists are prepared. Their form, that of large placards (the list before us is more than two tent square), proves that they are not published for sale or profit, for sAtisfactiou of private cariosity, or for future reference. No ; they are " raat.cs or PROSCRIIII.X." each as the " tubule (emirs quibus molts milli., civium cedi destinati fuer,, to:lstituto publice premio iii qui coa gulate" jugulasiont." Was anything like this ever seen or beard of is England, or in other Christian countries 7 The remerabrancei; foriiibbon senor of which we speak are not direct evidence of a disturbance of the freedom of elce tin past, but they awn a " foregone conclusion." a sys tem of tynutny in Licentious by disobedience to which the penalty of prcwcription and all its terrific consequences are incurred. It must be confessed, that giving such publicity as is here described to the votes of electors in Ireland, due,, appear to be playing with edge tools. We know, from the sad experience of many long years, how prompt our countrymen on the other side of the Irish Channel are, under the impulse of any real or fancied wrong, to take a shot from behind a hedge at the party to whose agency they may attribute it. And though the publishers of` the lists alluded to by the St.s.odurd may have been innocent of any such inten tion, their appearance before the excitement of the election has passed away may lead to consequences deeply to be regretted. Apart from this consideration, however, we see no earthly objection to the publication of such lista. We, indeed, hold that it is no man's concern but the individual elector's how he bestows his vote, and that to preclude the possibility of malicious or im pertinent inquiries every elector ought to be enabled to give his vote in secret. Bat Conservatives, like the Standard, and Whigs or moderate Liberals, like Lord JOHN RUSSELL and Mr. Coaewstt Lewis, dissent from us. They (and those who think with them on this subject) hare hitherto had a majority on their side in the Legislature ; and the anti-ballot orators in the House of Commons (and elsewhere) have not been over and above civil to the advocates of secret voting. They have contrasted what they are pleased to call the cowardice and duplicity of those who meek for the protection of the ballot, with the manly, brave, English spirit of the men who take a pride in letting the whole world know how they vote. Yet the publication of the poll lists at Edinburgh by the Loan PROVO4T'S com mittee gave rise to screams almost as tragic as those of the Slanda)d. The effect of the fine speeches of the anti•balloteers will be rather marred in future by this weeping and wailing because of the publicity given to votes in Ireland and Scotland. The truth is that to call our present mode of voting an open or public one is rank deception. An elector steps up to a poll-booth ; he is allowed to pass in alone; a constable or two keep off the imperti nently curious mob; the elector gives his vote in the presence of a poll-clerk and it may be an agent for each of the rival parties; and maraca off. What does or what can the public know of how he votes? His landlord, his creditor, any one who has a hold upon him, and wishes to make him vote against his con viction or inclination, can easily learn how he votes, but in so far as the public is concerned, the privacy in which his vote is given remains unbroken. Our no-called open voting does not expose the voter to the ordeal of public opinion ; it merely enables those who have an interest in biassing his vote to keep him in view. The publication of lists telling who voted on this side, and who on that, and who ab stained from voting, is indispensable to an open .ystem of voting. It brings into play the control of public opinion to counteract the control of private nafluence. For our part, we say, if we are to hare public voting, let it be really _public. Let everybody know how Tor, DICK, and litany have voted, as wed as their landlords, and employers, and creditors. If voting is to be open, let it be really open; if secret, really secret. To hear the brave assertersof the beauty and jus tice of open voting complain because the votes of them selves and frientis are thus gazetted is pitiful in the extreme. It is to whine and blubber because they have had their wish. As for the unlucky indivt duals who sigh for the protection of the ballot, these lists do not make their condition a bit worse : their persecutors would have ferretted them out without such aid. Ireland excepted (and that for the reason assigned above) we are always glad when we hear of the votes given at an election being posted all over the district. It is the only way to teach the admirers of public voting what its evils and inconveniences are. And it is a most effective one. It makes more eonverte to the ballot than the closest logic or the most im passioned eloquence. Even " the honouraide razabse for Verbosity will in so far abridge lie rumeser as to strike out the anti-ballot clause whom be loss occasion to address a constituency smarting under the recent infliction of such • placarding. Even without this stimulus the desire for the ballot grows space. Men begin to answer laboured arguments against it with an—" It may be so ; but we should like to make a trial of it. ' Mr. CORN WALL Lewis, by his pertinacious adherence to the old anti-ballot heresy and sans other unpopular notions, has drawn down upon himself a rather uncourteous reception at Peterborough. We regret this ; because we think Mr. C. Lewis, with his accomplishments and experience in public busi ness, well qualified to serve his country in Par liament. But the fault is hie own, not that of the good men of Peterborough. The time has gone past when men, earnest and anxious to obtain the protection of the ballot, will listen with patience to refusals to support it on such vague and unintelligible grenade, as " it is • question sur rounded by numerous diMeulties," or pleas far the continuance of church rates because they are" a very ancient tax, Mr. C. Lawn has been spoiled by a keeping bad company—the dowager pohtiehme last century. Fame belies him if he is not omplie of speaking and acting more to the purpose them be did at Peterborough. But, if he will persist le mi. haring to the unmeaning evasive phraseology at tie anti-reforming section of the Whig aristeermy s be must even take the consequenoes. I.ooxpro at the vast number of subjects forced the attention of Parliament, and remembering that in this age of railway presume it is falling more and more year by year into an arrear with time, reflecting politicians may naturally feel averse from bringing forward new claims on its attention. The public de- sands are so numerous, Parliament is pulled in so many different ways, that there is a reasonable fear it may soon be unable to move at all. Neeertheless, we must continue to ask its attention to our monetary system, because circumstances force that on public attention, because the wrong is entirely its own set, and because we have to require that it vhould abstain from action, not increase its activity. We may enable it to comply more readily with some of the incessant demands made on it if we can induce it t 4 trouble itself lam about money by showing that it is impossible far it to fix and maintain a standard of The supposition is that PErCs Bill and the Act of Ibl6 fixed and determined a standard of value. On this supposition thousands of letters are written every year. But all the legislature then did was to settle that an ounce of gold, as pure as the chemist can make it, alloyed in certain definite proper. bons with other metal. known from experience to impart to it s maximum of hardness and durability, shall be divided and coined, not into half and quarter THE EXPRESS, ounces, which would have been reaaon able, but ic to four pieces, each of which contains 113-001 ins of pore gold. or 123.2 as 74 grains of standard carious ita F a fraction possibly as is anywhere to Nand in the concerns of practical men. It is nol expressed in ordinary dealings by an arithmetical proiSer• tion, but by other and wildly different elements, viz., quantities of silver and copper known are'7l shillings and 21 halfpennies. A pretty kind of standard that which is itself measured and deter mined by fluctuating silver and fluctuating copper. Hut this only half expresses the legislative absurdity, for while the law provides a standard by which to value the standard, or a measure for the measure, it absolutely declares that the shilling and the penny shaU be no measure at all. It enhances their denomina tion or debases them both, so that they shall not be a true measure, and then uses them to deter mine the value of its standard of value. For by determining the value of a frac tional part of the ounce of gold in silver and copper the legislature does, so far as it can, detertnine the value of the whole ounce. Thus, as far as it is concerned, our standard of value is nothing better than our debased and fluctuating penny and shilling. The circumstance which at present forces the sub ject on public attention is the large additional supply of gold obtained from the other hemisphere. Not withstanding the settlement of the standard by the legislature, there is an almost universal apprehension that the ounce of gold will be worth an indefinite number of shillings and of pennies less than the law as4igns to it. The valuation, therefore, of 775. 101 d. for an ounce of gold, which appears in the statute book, and in all books on the coinage, is now, by universal acknowledgment, pretty certain to come to an end, as in fact, it is known by inquirers never to have had a permanent existence, if it ever actually existed. The ounce of gold is very seldom of the value of 775. 10}d. It is clear that gold, however coined, which is itself liable to fluctuation, as everybody is sensible, is not a standard of value, and perfectly clear that the silver and the copper, and all the other things by which it is and may be measured are not standards; and that in point of fact there is no standard of value, and the legislature can not create what does not exist in nature. We appear to get on in our moneyconcerns, never theless, tolerably well. The explanation of our partial success, in spite of many legislative absurdities is, that gold and silver, like all other commodities, have each a value, settled and determined at all times by the higgling of the market, and this value varies, as every one now knows, with the facility and diffi culty oi' obtaining them. This value, too, from a variety of circumstances with which legislation has nothing to do, for they prevail in all countries, and have prevailed : at all times, is tolerably steady. Au ounce of gold and an ounce of silver have borne, for ages throughout the civilised world, an arithmeti cal relation to each other of about one to fifteen. In that proportion pretty nearly, more or less, the coin age of all the world has been made, and when it has been much departed from, the efforts of legislation to establish and preserve a different relation have been vain and have been defeated. From the natural relation, then, and trolls the natural properties of the two metals we get on pretty well with our mealy when we have time to adapt ourselves to what the legislature orders, and it does not continually vary its directions. The mike of all coins must, and does, conform lithe vales of the precious metals in them. The weight aid fineness of the sovereign settle its value every where, in France and iu England, not the silly !eget leder' for dividing an ounce of gold into four pieties, which are not aliquot parts of the ounce, each of which is . equal in value to something less than bar ounces of silver ; because that regula tion has no influence whatever over the value et gold and silver ; though the other regulation we formerly adverted to, of not allowing us to use silver for certain purposes, lessens its value in Eng land, and enhances the value of gold, we are enabled to get on pretty well with our money. It is because all the fiddle-fiddle of lawmakers, from LYCUROUS to the PRINCE PRESIDENT, has no lasting influence over the value of either gold or silver, and, cannot perma nently alter the natural relation of value that exists between them, that other countries, too, which have different monetary regulations from ours get on more or lees decently. Some, es Austria, get on much worse, others, as France, probably get on better than ourselves; but all get on, the value of the coins ea of other things being settled by natural dream ' stances, in spite of much noxious legislation. The philosopher is thoroughly and theoretically, as well as practically, convinced, that no false theory or false assertion embodied in legislation can be otherwise than mischievous ; but politicians and the vulgar, who look to expediency, do not thoroughly believe in this principle, and they will require from on some positive evidence that our monetary regulations besides being palpably absurd are every day produc tive of mischief, or they will maintain that good may arise from the absurdity, and will not take any trouble to alter it. Let us then just call attention to the fact that our pretended standard is gold, our real seasure is silver, copper, and all other things. The "dee of an estate is settled in so much gold, so many pseuds sterling, and so are the salaries of the great ca ws of the crown, the contracts for railways and other aristocratic matters. But all these are things that fo reigners do not buy from us. Of by far the greater num ber of things bought and sold the price is settled in copper and silver. Cotton is somewl•ere about 4d. per lb. ; cotton twist is also 7d. to 13t per lb. ; cotton cloth is so many shillings the piece or yard. Wheat is ss. or 6s. a bushel, or 40a. the quarter. To run the eye over any price current, or all price mirrews satisfies every man that the bulk of all the prices throughout the community is not settled in c. but in the nominally enhanced and really Zr e peia ted silver and copper coin. tail prices, as Mr. TaiLon says in his work on "Money and Morals,' govern wholesale prima though not exactly in his sense ; but they govern them by the pounds being, in the majority of Mak reelwasd in shillings and pence. Now the prise el amely all the things . foreigners buy from us 1 mett we buy from foreigners, is not in reality settled in gold but in silver. The eences and cisme:t abs:ices of trade may have induced our manufacturers and merchants to demand a somewhat greater number of shillings or greater number of pennies, for the articles they have to sell, than they otherwi se would, in consequence of those prices being actually settled in silver and copper, but we are not sure that they have, and we are quite sure that the necessity of fixing the price of their commodities in coins nominally higher in value than the actual quantity of silver and copper contained in them, places our merchants and dealers at great disadvantage in relation to foreigners. The price is reckoned in silver, and foreigners pay in silver, and our Mint regu lations enable them to pay se. 6d. with an ounce, or Is. worth of silver. Instead of giving an ounce of 'silver for ss. worth of cloth, they can settle their debts with one-tenth less than an ounce. The nation is to a great extent injured in its dealings with foreigners by our own legislation. Vi e know and state, that merchants and dealer., from an instinctive impulse in adjusting prices, endeavour to meet and counteract this mis chievous effect of legislation, but it costs them some trouble; we doubt if they always succeed; and we believe that on the whole it gives the foreigner who buys with silver en advantage nearly equivalent ts In per cent. The labourer whose wages are settled in shillings is certainly defrauded; and if the mer chant and manufacturer be not, they are indebted for it to other circumstances than the fictitious PRIM assigned to our silver coinage. Estimate the national loss we cannot, but we believe it to be very eami derable, and to be continual. It is entirely the result of the false coinage of an ounce of silver, worth only 55., into ss. 6d., which enables the producer and owner of silver to pay a debt of ss. 6d. with ss. Silver continually cornes here iu great quan tide., and is immediately sent abroad, whence it comes back, and the same silver—which is very durable—buys, to a considerable extent, over and over again, the cotton cloth, which is annually con sumed and annually made. The loss, like the regu lation, is permanent; and, of course, the sooner inch a falsity in word and deed be extinguished the more prosperous will the nation become. FRAM I)ErdltrUßE or cue AMERICA.— On Saturday, snurug before noon, the ltriti.h and North American royal mad steamship America, Neil Shannon, commander, left the Mersey for Halifax and Boston with 150 passengers, a fair cargo, and the usu►t mails fur the United States and for Canada, Newfoundliud, ack4 the other Britiah North American roviaiss. PAWS. Ssviraissi ErwinL . The/Wel/a deg Leistpubfishes a decree counter s signed by General de St. Arnandi Misister of War, by which retiring penises are gesetad to 73 soldiers. At the head of the diet whs.: asaimpanies this decree, are found the mimes of Chasid, Changarnier and Serbian, but for those of Lamerisifire and Leila we look in vain. rho pensions of the ex-commander of the army of Paris, and of the former Vice• Pres ident of the National Assembly, are fixed at 6,000 f. each. The pprsseant position of two pensioned generals is dasaibsd by the words, "En dis ponibilitl,." In another column, under the head of domicile, opposite to the same names is written, " Paris, Seine." It would appear from these indications that the government has not yet given over the hop? of inducing these illustrious exiles to return to their country, and swear allegi ance to the present ruler of France. One cannot but admire the singular pertinacity with which the Presi dent still clings . to the hope of enlisting in his service, an officer ' who in spurning the oath which might have restored him to his country, did not hesitate to tax his proscriber with treachery and perjury. It is further seen from this decree that General Bcdeau has 31 years and 7 months of service and 24 cam paigns, which count as so many years in addition. He was born in 1804. General Chagarsier, aged 59, has 37 years of service and 23 cunpaigas. It seems that the mectiug of the Councils General will empty Paris of the ministers. Akeady Bineau and Persigny have had to surrender the portfolios of finance and the interior to temporary substitutes. Fould is gone to Tarbes, to preside at the council of the Hautes-Pyrenein, and Fortoul to Digne, to take the chair in that of the Besse-Alps. If Abbattucci is to go for the same reason to Orleans, St. Arnaud to Bordeaux, Magee to Perigueux, and Maupas to Troyes, only two ministers, Drouyn de Lhnye and Duces, will remain at Paris. I hear that M. de Persigny, who has made his retreat once more to the baths of Dieppe, had before his departure a vehement altercation with M. Duces, minister of marine, at St. Cloud, in the presence of Louis Napoleon. If the remark be true which is attributed to the Prince on this occasion it would seem not only that he thought his ,fides Acbates in the wrong, but that the report that the ministry of the interior will pass into other hands is far from improbable. " Vest done vrai," he is reported to have said, turn ing towards N. Persigny, gee to t o te a demenage?" Considerable crowds of people are observed to-day at two points of Paris. The return of M. fliers has drawn numbers of the curious to the Place St. Georges, where they try to catch a glimpse of the recalled statesman at the windows of his mansion. The other spot is the scene of the crime of procuring abortion, which is at present trying before the tri bunal of the Seine, and excites by the melodramatic combination of revolting circumstances, a marked curiosity in the crowd. The Duke de Broglie has left Paris for Geneva. In oomequence of the accident on the Strasbourg Itailway, the mails by that line are wanting. The Midi journal of Toulouse has ceased to &ppm, inconsequence of two seizures of successive numbers. PARIS, SUNDAY Evasive. The Moniteur is richer than usual in its official part. By a decree of the 21st M. Duos, minister of marine, it entrusted ad interim with the portfolio of war, during the absence of General St. Arnaud. We may infer that the latter minister will repair to Bordeaux to take the chair as president of the coun cil-general of the Gironde in the approaching session. By other decrees the electors of the 3rd and 4th conscriptions of Paris are convoked for the 26th of Sept., to choose deputies to the Corps Legislatif in the place of Gen.Cavaignac and M. Carnet, whose resigna tions were declared in the opening sitting of the Le gislative Body on March 30. Thus the latest hour allowed by the constitution has been fixed for the renewal of the Paris elections. A fresh election will have to take place at Lyons to replace M. Henan, which will probably be fixed in the Mani taw of to-morrow. S o ma other vacancies occasioned by the double election of M. de Moray in the Pi,- de-dome, by death and resignation, will likewise have to be filled; but the half-year from the de clared vacancy in each case will probably be allowed to draw to a close before the colleges are convoked. Another decree appoints Admiral Febrrier-Des points*, commander•in-chief of the two French naval stations on the western coast of America, and in the Archipelago of the Pacific (Oceania). Ad miral Gourdoo replaces the preoedingoffieer as major general of marine at Brest. The report of M. Lucas, prefacing these decrees, is worth quoting. He says : Naval power is increased by the eoncentration of forces, and the unity of eirection. The policy of France and the interest of our commerce require that the ships of the state should appear upon ell this ease of the globe ; but the more our stations are gathered or multipbed, the more impor tant it is that at a given manent they should be able to bambino, concentrate their means of action, and range themselves under the authority of a single chief. You have already authorised me to place under the same command our two naval divisions of India and China. Another decree confers on General Lawoestine, commander-in-chief of the national guard, the mili tary medal instituted by Louis Napoleon in the decree confiscating the Orleans property. The bestowal of this distinction his revived the rumour of General Lawoestine's probable replacement by Lucien Murat. Another decree suppresses the duties on the ex portation of raw and milled silks (grips •4 'mutinies). By a further decree the interests of the soda manu facturers are in some measure indemnified for the excise duty imposed ►y the recent budget on the coarse salt used in the runefacture of soda; a SOW regulation of the drawbacks granted on the export et soda, glass, soap, &c., and generally all products con nected with the manufacture of soda. In the unofficial part of the ifessikur are several notices not leas important than the above decrees. The *et is as follows : • repeat hos bees circulated reaming the intended die seintionof the natienal guard. It is diassin to easesivelsow oulevoleses eas Saeger a rises of sew* •11 Mt p iy doho min improloolie. es the day after dos riftwoo-Prooldrat of the &petals los boos resolved W the Wiled surd with law of the moat roopeethol sympathy sad tho warmest eastelhow T o knowtsig motion aimed' on the subject of a commetaial a te &stead: la several the sews hoe been speed, that the Fresoh primmest is on the point of stselading treatise d sosomette which would *pea the fron- tiers to tbe hose and soak of Owes Mao and &loins. We Wine we can satin that dierspeet, which is of a salon to disturb the operations of mollothosylo la dastry. is devoid of [mediae.. Poe* sag* is be ea their guard ospoluot nt nous of this art, whisk emsate met giessly Wows how the lodise of the advenariss et** sewoment. or hem iho usoompahso interest of private sposahollos. Is them loworisat oaatten the sand aistraties wt oat depart free tin misses, which has been the rule of he conduct. MONDAY EVENING, AUGUST 28, 1852 parer astiatmed : "Ho also wes a 'Snit, it is from th. 4 Jesuits that Iprincipally @Egret the catholic education of the youth of tie country. That is why I reestablished the order." The Primate of Oran was agreeably surprised at hearing this. words, for he bad for some time wished to es tablish a college of Jesuits at Tynan. He, therefore, re quested the Emperor to permit him to bring two other Jesuits to that place. The Emperor replied: "Two is not enough, the Jesuits must direct two or three schools, sad they should undertake missions " The Austrian government is about to elevate Baron Rothschild to the dignity of Count of the Empire. BADEN. Letters from Carlsruhe of the 18th state that the malady of the Grand Duke had so increased, that his ' , rah was considered imminent. GREECE. The Courrier d'AMenes of the 9th announces the arrival at Athens of Mr. Marsh, American minister at Constantinople, and his having obtained an audi ence of the Queen Regent. Mr. Marsh's business is to obtain satisfaction in the affairs of Dr. King. The Sieele of Athens of the 4th states that M. Marrocordato has been summoned to Carlsbad, where the King of Greece resides at present for the benefit of hies health, in order to be consulted on the ques tion of the succession to the throne. BELGIUM. The electors of Philliprille have returned the cle rical candidate in the room of their late representa tive in the senate, by a majority of 17. The senator thus replaced was elected in ltial by the same party, when the majority was 200. A pamphlet called Lea Arsiits de St. Cloud, ow les Dever Cows, has been seized by the police at Brus sels, on the complaint of the French minister; and a Judicial prosecution has been commenced against the publishers. GERMANY. PRUSSIA. Another conference on Zollverein affairs took place oo the 17th, between M. Monti uffel, the minister of commerce and Anomie, and the Prussian commisAry at the Zolleerein. The Demisehe Vo kylialle, of Cologne. following the example of the l'aris rnirent, urges the public to contribute money for defeat• ing Mr. Nvwman's expenses in the Aehillitrial. AUSTRIA. The Emperor of Austria left Vienna on the 17th for lachl. After a fortnight's stay at that watering , place ho will proceed to Teeth to attend Fume grand military mantrovres, and towards the end of Sep temher visit Croatia and Slavonia. 'fhe Berman .hutrnal Frani:fur!, under date of Vienna, 16th, sap-- The general subject of conversation hero is an episode in the journey of the Emperor is Hungary. 11is Majesty having entered the palace at the Bishop of Gran, perceived the portrait of the celebrated Cardinal rumen. The Em- TURKEY. The Medieerraneo of Genoa, of August IR, contains correspondence from Constantinople, brought by the French mail-packet Orontes. On tho departure of this vessel from the Bosphorus a tire, which lasted several days, wasstill rtging in Constantinople. It was estimated that in the quarters of Gelato, Pcrs, and others no less than 4,000 houses had been consumed. This correspondence also speaks of the discovery of a plot against the life of the Sultan, organised by his brother, with a view of usurping the throne. THE UNITED STATES ARRIVAL OF THE EUROPA. Shortly before ten o'clock yesterday morning, the British and North American Royal Mail steam-ship Europa, Captain Lane, arrived in the Mersey from New York direct, which port she left on the 11th in stant. Beside the usual mail, the Europa carries 59 passengers, and 726,000 dollars in specie on freight. The Europe passed the Canada hence for Boston and Halifax at eight a.m., on the morning of the 15th. The United States Mail steam-ship Pacific arrived out at New York from Liverpool at half-past two o'clock on the morning of the Stk. In the United States Senate, on the 11th inst., the Speaker laid before the house a message from the President of the United States, in reply to a resolu tion asking what has been done on the subject of the fisheries on the coast of British North America. It gives no new information different from that hereto fore communicated to the Senate. The message was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Referring to the fishery question, the New Turk Herald of the 11th has the following remarks: The difficulty with regard to the eastern fisheries has be come the chief topic of discussion throughout the country. There appears to be but one voice as to the final result of the controversy, and that is, that the American fishermen must be protected in their just rights, let the consequences be what they may. Indeed the affair seems to assume • more serious aspect every day; and unless a great deal of caution is exercised by both governments, the finale of the flare up on the part of our provincial neighbours, may really terminate more seriously than was at first apprehended. We have • rumour from the fishing banks, that one American vowel has actually been fired into, which may se may aot be • fiCtillo. Bat, at all events, if the stelmsest of the passenger. and craw of the American rchooset Lien, of Brookhaven, which was seised off Prince Edward Marl, is correct, the British are certainly carry ing thine raw beyond their proper limits. Thou on boszd the Ulm at the time state that she wu becalmed, and fully three maw tram the land. This mast be inquired into with pesayftme, and if the story is correct, she must be releued. eteserdhu to • derpatch from Boston, another schooner, the Florida, was captured and taken into Char lottetown, on the sth instant. By the way, this subject will be the order of the day in the United States Senate neat Thursday, when it is to be hoped that the whole mat ter will undergo • full, careful, and impartial examina tion. Mr. Soule, of Louisiana, it is whispered, is preparing • speech, in which he will review the recent proceedings of Mr. Webster in a manner that will not be very flattering to the gigantic capacity of the distinguished secretary, who re turned to his post yesterday. Mr. Crampton, the British minister, has had an interview with the president, and has informed him that Lord Derby has taken the fishing question out of his hands and referred it to the colonial govern ment. Several vessels of the United States navy had been put in order to protect, it wu freely circulated, the "rights" of the American fishermen. The follow ing is an extract from a letter in the New York Commercial of the 10th : Aa experienced naval officer says that several vessels now at the yard will be put in order immediately, and await advice* from Washington. Ha does not anticipate any se rious trouble about the fisheries, but is of opinion that, owing to the Nova Scotians' hatred of Americans, there may be a brush with the colonial authorities. Admiral Seymour, of the British squadron, is spoken of in the navy as a friend to the United States, and will, no doubt, see that Judie* is done to both parties. The Constitution is fitting out with all possible despatch. Yesterday afternoon her masts and rigging were being put up in order, and it is said she will be sent to the Using ground. It is stated that Mr. Webster and tho President have had a pretty plain conversation, the result of which will be the immediate withdrawal of that gen tleman from the cabinet. In confirmation of this, several waggon loads of furniture left Mr. Webster's house on the 10th inst. for Georgetown. there to be shipped on board a Boston packet. Mr. Webster wrote to a friend here, some days ago, that ho would only visit Washington to wind up his business and retire. A despatch, dated Warrington, August 0, says, ~ Mr. 'Webster returned to this city this morning. " Commodore Penny was to have an interview with Admiral Seymour on Saturday. The fishing question will, in Mr. Webster's opi nion, be settled. The Boston Advertiser, of the 7th, publishes a statement of the captain of a fishing vessel arrived at Cohaseet, to the effect that an American fishing vessel had been fired into and sunk by a British cruiser, for refusing to come to when ordered. The Boston Trarisen . pt, of the 7th, says, that the condemnation and sale of the American @chooser Carrel had been ascertained to be wholly Maxi m a; the seizure was a mistake, and intended for In the Senate, on the 10th inst., a call was meo; upon the President to lay before the senators all oor respondent* regarding the right of American vessels to go to the Lobos Island for guano, that had taken place between the governments of the United States and Peru. Mr. Webster, it would seem, gave the opinion that the Lobos islands, being more than a marine league from the coast of Peru, the govern ment of that country never having heretofore ex ercised any control over them, vessels from the United States had a perfect right to go there for guano, and take it without paying any tribute to the Peruvian government. The following is the letter referred to as written by Mr. Webster: Department of State, Washington, 6th June, 1862. Capt. Jame* C. Jewett, master of the bark Philomela— Sir,—l have to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 2nd inst., inquiring whether citizens of the United States can take guano from the Lobos Islands, which are situated near the coast of Peru, without infringing upon the rights of the citizens, or subjects, or government of any other nation. In reply, I have to inform you, that if those islands should lie within the distance of a marine league from the continent, or, if being further then that distance, should have been discovered and occupied by Spain or by Peru, the Peruvian government would have a right to ex clude therefrom the vessels and citizens of other nations, except upon such conditions a. it may think proper to pre scribe. There can be no doubt that the title of Peru to the Chinch* Islands, whence F uss° is now chiefly taken, is funded upon the basis of discovery and occupancy. That article was taken from those islands, and us id as a manure by the Peruvians anterior to the conquest of Peru by Spain. It continued to be so taken and used throughout the Spanish dominions in that country, and this practice has been kept up to the present day. Although those islands aro uninhabitable, the custom of resorting to them from the neighbouring continent, for the purpose of procuring guano, may be said to have condi. toted such an occupancy of them as to give the sovereign of the continent a right of dominion over them under the law of nations. This department, h"wever, i. not aware that the Lobes islands were either discovered or occupied by Spain, or by Peru, or that the guano on them hes ever been used fur manure on the adjacent coast or elsewhere. It is census that the distance from the contincia is five or six met greater than is necessary to male them a dependency thereof, pursuant to public law. Oa the other hand, it is quite probable that Benjamin Morrell, junior, who, as master of the schooner Wasp, of !New York, visited those Islands in September, 1823, may , justly claim to have been their discoverer. Ile gives a ro.ll account of them in his narrative, published in Naw V i ck in 1832. Under these circumstances, it may be con staved to; duty of the government to protect citizens of t h e United &loos who may visit the Lobos islands fur the purpose of obta.sing guano. This duty will be more ap parent, when it is considered that the consumers of Chincha island guano In this country might probably obtain it for half the pni t :o they now pay, were it not fur the charges of the Peruvimi government. I shall conse quently communicate a copy of that letter to the litcretsry of the Navy, and suggest that a vessel of war be ordered to repair to the Lobes islands fur tbe . purpose of protecting from molestation any of our citizens who may wish to take guano from them. . I se, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, (Signed) DANIEL WEBSTiIi. P.B.—lt is considered important that this letter should not be made public at present. On the subject of this important letter we have the following items of news and retnarks from the :Veto York Ilerald : Under the guaranty of this letter of Mr. Webster, some thirty vessels from the United States--principally from New Enghsnd and New York—almost immediately sailed fur the j Lobos Island', it being well understood that, under Mr. Webster's recommendation, the secretary of the navy had I ordered a vessel of war, under Commodore McAuley, of the Pacific station, to be on the ground. It appears, also, that information of the views and decision of our cabinet having reached London, through a leak in the house of Baring and Co., the Peruvian bonds, which had risen to 106, de- elined to 99 per cent. Now we are on the eve of bringing this matter bathe same crisis u the Nova Scotia fishery question. We learn that the government of Pi ru has a steam-frigate and a brig.ot war stationed at the Lobos islands, to enforce her monopoly in conjunction with England, upon all other nations; and that our vessels destined to the gums grounds arc in the same danger of seizure and confiscation as our Yankee fishing smacks on tho banks of Newfoundland. The probabilities of a collision with the Peruvians arc even more imminent than with the British colonial coast-guard of the fishing grounds; fur, if we are correctly informed, at least one of our trading vessels his gone to the Lobos islands, armed and equipped suMeently to cope with a Peruvian man-of war, and ready to fight it out upon sufficient provocation. Here, then, we have another •p., of war. Mr. Webster is right upon the guano question, as he is upon the codfish question. Ile will doubtless be sustained by Congress upon both question, whatever the imbeei ity of the l'resident may sink to, and upon both the British government must recede, or upon either it imperils the peace between the two countries. Peru is but the catepaw of England, in the seizure of the Lobes Islands. The profits of the guano re vert to the English bondholders, and it is surprising that Mr. Lawrence had not the sagacity to see it. Nor is this guano trade a contemptible matter in a financial view. The exports to England last year amounted in value to some ten millions of dollars. The imports into the United States exceeded two millions, 700,000 dols. of which entered the port of New York. But, great or small, the assumption of the sovereignty of the Lobos Islands by Peru, and of the monopoly of their guano, under the direction and support of England and her bondholders, has raised a direct issue with the government and Milieu of the United States. Our cabinet his decided that the guano of those islands is the " common property " of all nations—that our vessels must be protected, and in structions have been issued to protect tnem accordingly. Peru has her vessels of war upon the ground, sustained by the interested concessions of England. She may, therefore, have the temerity to attempt the coercion of our traders to her demands of forty five dollars per ton for the guano, for the benefit of her British bondholders. The consequenoe will be war at once between the United States and l'eru. la that event, England must recede, and intercede with l'eru to abindon the Lobos Islands, or become a party to the rupture. The law as laid down by Mr. Webster, will unquestionably be maintained by our go vernment in all its branches, but especially in both houses of Congress. In the extradition cue of Thomas Keine the writ of habeas corpus which wu pending in the i Superior Court, before Judge Bosworth, has been dismissed, and the writ issued by Judge Nelson was to be returnable before him on the 12th inst., at Cooperstown, when it is expected that ho will, in se cordanoo with the decision, send the case for final adjudication to the Supreme Court, at Washington. Ile wreck of the Henry Clay has been taken completely out of the water. Nothing has been found among the cinders, which resembles human remains. Stair rods, metal sheathing, and copper cents were melted by the intense heat of the burn ing boat. Portions of the machinery, of considerable size and weight, wore bent and twisted by the heat. The value of the hull, boilers, and articles of any worth, saved, will amount to 0,000 dots. The value of the Henry Clay issaid to have been 45,000 dole. Cap tain Tallman entered into sureties on Saturday fore noon on the chargeof manslaughter preferred against him. Joseph It Ingersoll, of Philadelphia, has been nominated to the Senate as minister to the court of St. James, _in the room of Mr. Lawrence. On the 9th instant the Irish exile, Thos. Francis Meagher made a formal declaration to ono of the judges of the Superior Court of his intention of be coming a citizen of the United States. The follow ing is the form of the oath to which ho subscribed: I, Thomas Francis Meagher, do declare on oath that it is my bossaftsis intention to bec ome • citizen of the United States, and to renounce for ever all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate, or sovereignty whatever, and particularly to the Queen of Oreatßritain and Ireland, of whom I am now a subject. Mr. J. P. Smythe, one of those who was obliged I to find an asylum in the United States, on account of his participation in the revolutionary event, of Ire land, followed the example of Mr. Meagher, and sig nified his intention, in the same manner, of becoming a citizen of this government. Maor-General Scott returned to Washington on the 1 0th inst. in much improved health, from his visit to Old Point Comfort. Halifax g rfers announce the arrival there of Sir John Ou Le Marchand, the new Lieut.-Gover nor, on T ursday, in the flag-ship Cumberland, from Newfoundland. Railway engineers from England arrived at St. John's, New Brunswick. On Monday the directors of the European and North American Railroad were to meet them, and the work to commence imme diately. The steamship Crescent City has arrived at New Orleans from Havanna, with advice. to the 2nd inst. Considerable excitement prevailed when the Crescent City left, in consequence of the alleged discovery of a political conspiracy, in which a number of influen tial persona were said to be engaged. A large num ber of seditious documents were reported to have been found, and the persona accused of circulating the were arrested. We have late news from Texas. The inhabitants on the frontier are still in dread of the remorseless savages that roam the plains, and also the semi barbarous Mexicans, who take every advantage to commit depredations upon defenceless Americans. The inhabitants in those exposed sections call loudly upon the general government for aid in their defence ; bat their voice is drowned amid the busy huckstering of the presidential canvass. However, we are glad to perceive that the Governor of Texas has, according to the most recent advice*, determined to call into service several companies of mounted volunteers, who are to co-operate with the United States troops under General Smith, in exterminating the blood-thirsty bandits. The cotton crop throughout Texas continues to be as promising as it possibly could be. Unless the worm should make its appearance within a few days, the product will greatly exceed that of any past season. The Manon, S. C., Star, says that the crop of cotton in that district is surpassingly good. The army worm has made its appearance on the Missis sippi and the hed rivers, and already several very valuable cotton crops have been nearly destroyed. The ship Hector, arrived at New Bedford, reports that the ship Ontario, of New Bedford, was lost at Pitt's Island, Pacific Ocean, on the 24th January. The Ontario, when lost, had over 1,700 barrels whale oil on board, a part of which was saved. We learn from Santa Fi• that Colonel Sumner, now acting as the military commander, and also as the civil governor of New Mexico, has formed treaties with all the Indian tribes, and peace and security were expected. The two bands of the Apaches were the last to treat, but the establishment of forts in their territories, and in the country of the Navajos, has produced very favourable results. The last treaty was concluded but a few slays before the departure of the mail. Col. Sumner was in Santa F 6, actively pressing forward his plans in the various sections of the territory. Col. Humphreys states that the Comanches were en route to attack the fort at Phantom Hill. They say the whites want to take their lands, and they are determined to drive them off. COMMERCIAL. NEW YORE, Avorst 11. The amount Of coin in the ar4staol-treasurer's office in this city to-day amounts to 4,800,620 dots. Our banks were never better fortified with the pre'zious metals than they are at the present time, consequen , ',y no apprehension what ' ever it , felt of an stringency ',n the money market, or even the upon stocks by the shiprne7,t of 600,000 or 700,000 doh. by Sonya. The activity among the importers and jobbers has im parted a healthy amend for money from this branch of ; l A ll 2..rerd l 'a i na ol , rtrade. The amount of capital seeking largely on the increase, yet it is freely ny . t by capit46 4 7 an d rate . ar e atapdy at our previous quota.ions. Exchange has been unusually firm and in good met We ymu q u u ro o rt te , 4 Lo oi n to don n , 80 to ; Ilreulen, 79 to 79r COTTON.—Five bales of the :tow crop of ratan E, been received at New Orleans. This " other than usual, but is probably owing to instruction, by factors to the planters not to hurry their tr." laarkst. The accounts from all tlao cut:.. • pow, Staten are extremely favourable—in fact we ht.e known so hw complaints of worm, &c.; but the tt has not yet come to maturity, and an unfavourabl e of the weather may yet produce di,ins.rous result,, ry y market has been extremely buoyant of lute—the sto hand is small, and the accounts front Europe being fa to able, spinners, speculators, and sbippen have c.,a, market; the latter predominated to day. Prices hat. vented i to I cent pc lb. We revise our ipiotat,, accordingly. The sales of the la.t three days amotou• 9,400 bales. On, Atlantic. Florida. GUI, i , .... Interim Low to good ofd lAw to mood mid ... Mod. fair to fair Uri to II i II to II Fully fair togoud do.— - - to ~ Good and line CULBILMT PILLS, rift 1-1•1.1.•,1. , I.,•,,v AT vw. Molo!r and New ()dm, Uplands. F.,,r01a. man T.U.. Inferior Ordinary Middling Middling fair ...... Pair Omit Fair Fine ... ........ . 'fhe stock in all the southern ports is now but :fits hales, of which, probably, Isi,unil is in course of ihi i ,,,,.„ to Great Britain, 2,11191 to France, and 2,000 to the :e•,,,t, nent of Europe, leaving hut 14.1100 bales for coastwise •!..p. meats, and for "Mock on hand." The stock in the inn ri. markets is also very small. This market, then, is the 00l one where any amount of cotton can be purchaAed Mann the coming silty days, a ciretim.tato-e to which the press i. holders are fully alive, and of which they st-cm don vsl t take every advantage. 'l'ho exports during the Fe, a.,. have been: To Liverpool, 1,293 bales; Antwerp, 40. 1,, . 1,333 hales. .... ... . . . . . . The following has been received by telegraph Orleans, August 3.—Sales yesterday and to-day were alms 200 bales ; prices quite nominal. August 6.—Salts 200 bales. August 6.—Sales to-day, 300 bal.., is quoted at 9e. to 9le. The week's business has leen and 1,300 hales, and receipts in same period, 1,1110 ; suai, nq hand, 6,000 ; the second bele of new cotton reached here to-day.' IitIIADSTUPPI4.—Under the influence of liberal receipts from the west, and discouraging acc'unta from Eugland and the continent, as confirmed by the last two arm ,ls, oar flour market has an unsettled and downward tenden , v. The latest Recounts from the interior respecting the .44 crop are more favourable, and this, with the,dispesitiun to hold light stocks, and the absence of speculative fisdirst, has tended to give less confidence to dealers, and restricts the operations fur the local trade. With the decline in frehrhts there is rather more done for export; but still the transits lions are on a limited scale. fhe supplies of Canadian in bond are light, and good parcels in demand, a large I, whoa of the receipts lately having been in an unsound stat,., pf wheat the supplies frith the west are still large, and hut • small part of which is in a safe mate fur shipment; holders have been ready sellers. and prices quite unsettled and pressed. Canadian corn of sound quality is uasitsd foe home use, and is in light supply. The stock of wheat is in. creasing, and the turn of prices has favoured the buy,sra. The general crop is probably a fair average one, but in thi State and Pennsylvania there will be a deficiency. The bulk of the late receipts from Canada have not been in a sound state, and the sales range from ftle. to it-le. for an sound, and 90c. to 94c. fur good to prime in bond. ti nesse, 103 c, to hoc. nominal. White Michigan, 94e. t 97e. Ohio, BSe. to tide. fur red and white. Rye is love with the prospect of a fair crop at 77e. to 7Sc. Itarlsy out of season. Oats are easier at 44c. to 46e. Indian corn with more free receipts is heavy at 63e. for sound irsg,re mixed. Southern fiat yellow and round ye.low ntatlirm are scarce and wanted. }lota. -With a moderate trade prices droop, and t.e inferior and common kinds of N • eetern are difficult td tale. Fresh ground State is in better request, and trials 3 dots. 971 e. to 3 do's. 91e. Mixed to fancy Michigan, In diana, 3 dole. 94c. to 4 doh. 1'21c.; common to wed Ohio and favourite state, 3 dois. 94c. to 4 dole. idle. ra. nadian, in bond, 3 doll. 870. to 4 dole.; sour, 3 dole. 37. e. to 3 dole. 50c.; uninspected sud No. 2, 3 dol.. 25c. to 3 dole. 620., according to quality. Southern brauda sell at 4 dole. 311 c. to 4 dots. 50c. for old Baltimore, Alixande • and Georgetown. 'the new is held at at 1 dol.. tdic to 4 dole. 75c. ILye flour inactive, and brings 3 dos. 2;t. to 3 dole. 371 c. Cora meal is scarce, at 3 dole. 12,x. to 3 dole. 2.5 c. fur western and Jersey. Ploy:stoma are firm. Sales of mess pork have bra made to a fair extent at 20 dots., a price unusually li.th 4 this seaeon of the year; prime brings 17 dole. 75c.; c.ear 22 dots. Mesa beef brings 15 dols. 50c. to IS doh. be old prime, S dole. to 9 awls.; prime mess, 22 dull. t 024 Lard is in fair request at 111 e. to 111 c. in barrels, aadli;:. to 12c. in kegs. Hams in tierces bring 10:c. to 101 e. NATAL SToars.-Itough turpentine is held, with mode rate sales, at 3 dots. to 3 dol.. 121 e. Spirits of turpeutzs brings 39c. to 40c.. now held at the higher rate. Salt, or Wilmington rosin have been made at 1 dol. 40c., mi st North County, at 1 dot. 35c.; prime, 2 doh. to 3.10:s; white brings, 3 dots. to 4 dois., but is scarce. FREIGHTS.-To Liverpool: Cotton has been shipped at 3s. per bale ; 1,000 bbls. of flour to-day at 9d. To Loudon the rates are nominal; for tobacco, 225. 6d. to 255. per idl.; flour, Is. Gd. per bbl. ; turpentine, 2.. per 280 ; measure ment goods, 20s. to 30s. per ton ; heavy goods, oil, Ac, 171. 6d. ; beef, 3s. 3d. to 3s. Gd. per tierce ; oil cake, 15.64. per bbl. THE MANCHESTER FREE LIBRARY—The result of the poll, which took place on Friday, for the purpose obtaining the requisite 'diction of the burgesses of Man chester, in favour of applying the provisions of the Public Libraries and Mueuma Act for the future support of the Free Library, was • most decisive and creditable test of pubic opinion. Nearly 4,000 votes were recorded in suppor the proposition, whilst the dissentients only numbered& miserable minority of 40. The suffrages actually registered, we believe, exceed the proportion usually recorded to the different wards for municipal councillors, and therefor. there can be no doubt that the ratepayers have fully sad fairly testified their unhesitating and cordial acceptieco of the munificent gift which the founders of the Fres Library have presented, as public property, to the tom • council of Manchester. The magnitude, of the inijonty is a fitting a:premien of the public sense of the disinterested seal and exertions of those who have been the main ill3lll - in providing such an institution for the worting classes of Manchester. It shows that their laboun hoe been appreciated; that the public recognises the vast benefit they have conferred upon the community; and joyfully undertakes to provide the requisite funds for mare mooing in full efficiency such a noble and useful institution. The good work is now thoroughly complete, and it rimier for the working-classes of Manchester to prove that they ' know how to value the advantages thus placed within thee Mach by the use they make of them. The Free Library NW their property, the heritage of their children ; and DO Ws man In Manchester can henceforth asp that MGM of self-culture, equal to those enjoyed by the highest Shoes lam in the social male, are denied to him or ha lel lows.—MoneAsseer Enansiner. ComfosfrioN of PARLIAMENT.—The new Home of Commons comprises the large number of 101 barn•ten and IS attorneys returned. Of merchants, manufactures+, and wholesale dealers there are VJ, and to these classes may also be added 20 bankers and 2 brewers; while of amp lions more sparingly represented may be mentioned larche tact, lamer Bell ; 1 builder, William Cabin; 3 engineers, Messrs. Locke, Stephenson, and Pete); 3 medics; men Messrs. Hume, Brady, and Michel. An exact estimated.' scarcely be formed of the railway influence, but Il asp mates of that interest are certainly present in the perms Meters. Glyn, Hudson, Waddington, Laing. Chaplin, H. Brown, Cobbold, Collin, Hawkins, Sti pl+na and Iticardo. Smaller directors and endless than will be found among all classes in the house. The urn' 3 fully represented by 67 of its members, while the nail May count 13. The Irish peers present in the lower 1.... ex Me Earl Annesley, Viscounts Barrington, Galway. Moos, sad Palmerston. and Lord Ilotham. Since the Ile % het not a parlia ment met without some popular man, being returned for two places, and having to take hi,eto between them. But no such occurrence marks the 'roe.: parliament. Knaresburougb, however, has return , a,o pilbundance of members, Iron the accident of the poll ; and death has occasioned three vscanci,-.. oases of Messrs. Duncutt, Watson. and Granger. closest contest has been Toughal, while in the large 4 11:4 of 167 places there wen no contest whatever. AN UNWELCOME I'ASSENGER. The 'Ulan Captain l'arkia, arrived here on Tuesday afternoon e' Moulmein, in the East ladies. About three se,le while drawing near to the Braglialt laud, a great anal.. + pent, of the most venomous kind, made his wiesprol pearsace in the cabin daring the night watch. board who were asleep were immediately aroused, ell or less terrified. A light was procured, while the cull armed himself with a sharp instrument, and aver folios him for some time and watching his movements. III!, last succeeded in cutting him right through the 13, and chopping off hie head, but nut before lie had several attempts to dart at his pursuers. Ile was Kush ' be about ten or twelve feet long.— :sonde, ra A NEW CASPAR HAUSER, says a Berlin es spondent of the Itut.pendessee, who his just /wen here, is the topic of conversation in every elide. Pon in this city a school, kept by • person named Maitn el " man, until lately, of *erne considemtion is the world, but disgraced, one scarcely knows why bi s mane passed for a mitring conservative. Ili- e nemies e attributed to him certain absolutist articles e loch I in the ultra.tory journal. His establisline it appnar have been on a email scale—a house of core, , 1.1 On the 10th of this month the police Ivan,. ,I that them was chained up in an underground eh.‘inhee house, and a domiciliary visit accordingly officers found boy of 15 chained to a he:ivy 1 , 1 , , lay a paillasse on the floor. The Ind t e l e.espeh from the house, been retaken mid condemned t 0 ' careere duce, where he hail spent ten .1.9. , 0 ' 7 ". weak broth, and beaten with a rod. The him out into the fresh air, upon which lie see:der , ' as if taken with vertigo. Ile has since been orphan house, and his case in to be brounht authorities. Iler 3 p r incess.. Wharf o four o'cic lioada to place the o'clock.. }louverlc Duke I attuld" arrived a Herb Baron , bt „„d the noon ia attendan Osborne Lord l e ge uf ti Saturcla? The C Saturda3 Tressur) Chemer, ner. NV. Debpa I day to t received India THE says the of bu•in it will IA tour or t seen s!,:i for the A eat the dr to the 1)u ~- THE day. be !nylonr and in' gallant titioed year. ensuino to maid 1 tbt value 1 Mart If of the get rot SNII [I eolut bad aoldi baco of tione Dot I the ( from othe gt t , Ho, dices 20ii) belo latu! has •uffo but ific w 1 rev mu Pa tot clot we p 1 Cho