The Express. — London, England, 1851-11-04 00:00:00

ght erortiso. TO CORRESPONDENTS. A twist /Oise .f'The Eapree." es/SOO( 'be sine enelPire i,essie," Y psbliseed ireery bolsi mil ?My ISO!, is Use es . i ;es eowels OWNS fee . 4 TM Eapese." lodes /wets' ppm sew twit the t NW!. basswie.dreek by Ise e'desi es tee -by JI peels. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. rwn D.,--111angtes. I lb. ---11111nrse. eirsow—liorimag, Om.........Jihnirse.tlk. Gu- LONDON, TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 4. 1, Nor era in the political development of Eng land is appr.x*ching. What extent of change Lord Jun RessEers measure proposes to accomplish is as vet unknown; but this much is certain from the law which regulates our political progress, that the mercantile and middle classes are destined to exer cise an ever-increasing influence over the govern meat of t'►is country, to have a larger and more direct share in its administration, and to furnish more immediately the motives and principles which will direct the course of our public affairs. Now, power involves responsibility. Influence and duty are correlative ; their union by the laws of nature and of politics is indissoluble. If • new order of men is summoned to take a part in the government of the empire, the nation is entitled to require them to qualify themselves by every resource of self discipline and improvement within their reach for the siceewful discharge of their high calling. Un fortunately, however, this aspect of the question attracts far less attention than the other. Promotion in the state is steadily and energeti cally gained by increase of wealth, and social im portance by political knowledge and organisation. 'There is no lack of seal and vigour in first acquiring those means, and then employing them for the attainment of their legitimate ends. But whether Nuereso implies aptitude to rule, or, rather, whether it dot s not impose self-cultivation as a public duty. is a question which rarely meets with the considera tion it deserves. It is enough that the entrance to farhumentary office has been won. To enjoy the ruits of iictory, to govern according to their plea sure and their ability, is all that the conquerors think they need trouble themselves about. But this is fur trues being the whole truth. Ambition, interest, the desire of self-government —a desire so right morally and b/J beneficial in its results—plunge men into the contert for the acquisition of political power ; but when they have attained their wishes, and have be come the real rulers of the nation, it deeply concerns the whole people that they should be as good rulers as possilele, and should Fewness the statesmanship, knowledge, and skill, necessary for securing the happineb. and promperitv of the community. The importance of elevating and refining those who may have the power of wielding some day an elfectite influence on the fortunes of thee country, is begi iiii ing to be acknowledged and acted upon in re elect of the lowest classes. it is not merely the prompting, of humanity or of generous sympathy whet& have ulone directed so much thought, and ntinodated so many efforts, to their improvement. A dim feeling has unconseiesusly overspread the public mind. that the future probably belongs, in no small degree, to democracy; that with the advance of civilisation there will mow also a more general par ticipation fur all in the office of government; and that. to be safe and prosperous, society must in time train the minds and mould the characters of its future masters. In America this sentiment has taken deep root : end in 110 .sautes are such laborious pains taken to educate the lowest classes of citizens. In Enghnd the National and the British and Foreign School Societies, the Educational Committee of l'ricy Council, and, above all, the universal discus sion of the gnat problem of primary instruction, at test the energetic action of a similar conviction. lint whilst the intellectual condition of those whose reign. if it be destined ever to arrive, is still distant, swipes so in lull attention, the educational culture of the middle, mid even the higher classics, has been comperatinde the subject of much less scientific exa mination. Our higher education has been long in bondage to the universities; it has followed the course of those central ladies, partaking of their advantages mid their defects in equal measure. But griev- OUI4 a S are the shortcomings of our academical sys tem, it cannot lie denied that a refined, enlarged, and truly liberal education is obtained by un inionsiactuble number of Englishmen ; and our parliannatary &bates exhibit accomplishments infe ror to none in the world. No field displays so con spicuously us parliument the strength and power of a good education. just as there is no field in which the moral and intellectual cultivation of man is of such ;towns• value to 'society. Fur the sake, there fore. of all the gnat interests intrusted to the care of the legislature, it is of the utmost importance that the forthcoming generations of statesmen, be they who they may, should be braced and fitted by the highest mental training to sustain the heavy load of duty which will devuhe upon them. Who but a madman, in private life, would seek the aid of a lawver. a physician, or an artisan, that had not by study and per:wine rendered himself master of his prof-.ion' And an tin qualifications of the man whose opinions dominate the whole of social life of less moment? Is less cure to be exercised in his erve to ascertain that he has learnt the business of his calling, then would be exercised in the case of the meanest emulative? The history of our reformed parliament will furnish ample instruction on this vital matter to those who arc willing to accept it. The Reform Bill enriched the legislature with many men of practical experi ence and know Ittlue in their respective vocations; the several departments of our national life have been mare adequately repreiented than before by members who understand the nature and thli varied istereitn of the professions to which their lives have been devoted ; and an incalculable im provement in our legislation has been the result. The empty and conceited shallowness which once weighed so heavily on the vitals of the country has teen driven off the field ; and men of profound prac tical experience are no longer doomed to approve their wisdom only to contemptible minorities. But the princely merchant whose sagacity makes his ships sail in triumph over every ocean, and the great manufacturer whose' energy and invention till every market of the world with his produc tions, are nut necessarily, indeed seldom will be. statesmen. These high qualities, which achieve success in trade, mark the man of capacity, mid render him an invaluable acquisition to virile- I went : hut they do not, without special discipline and study, give him that range of thought, depth of phl lostithy. and ripeness of knowledge, which character ise a truly educated statesman. It concerns no class more intimately than the commercial itself to recog nise this truth. Let it not be met with a sneer of contempt for the statesmanship which has hitherto Item displayed in England. Many a man supposed that the Reform Bill would transfer power into new and more capable hands Set has signally disap pinted this expectation. That revolution has brought 1 forward sonic very able and very distinguished poli ticians. but they have been few, whilst the reins of power have remained in the hands of the old race. To interpret this phenomenon as the consequence of accident or long-formed conuexion, or official experience only. would be to fall into a very positive orros. he lost two causes have doubtless had some effect; but no one who has watched the proceedings of parliament can doubt that, ns a whole, the new men are not vet as a body qualified by education to assume the direction of public affairs. And yet what they are capable of, and what education can do for them. two of the most eminent statesmen of our ge neration conspicuously attest. Sir R. l'Est. and Mr GLW+TO were Moth offshoots from the stock of commerce; but both earned the highest honours in literature which the University of Oxford can bestow. They arc a warning and an encouragement to the trailing classes of England. England has produced few more accomplished statesmen : few men of wider sympathies. of more comprehensive knowledge. or better qualified to deal with complicated questions of government; and such men will always possess 101 easy superiority over purely practical men, how ever sound and deep their knowledge of their several professions. The positions they have held in public life, prove that, in this free country, men of such ability and attainments can not be barred out from the highest offices in the state; but they prove also that the indispen sable condition of this eminence is the personal ex cellence and superior cultivation of the men them selves. Our object in making these remarks has beau to awaken in the commercial orders, Whose influence the of affairs is daily strengthening, alibi= oft cities entailed upon them by these bright prospects—to point outeto them the qualifications re quired of them, both fottheir own success and their country's welfare ; to draw their attention to the de ficiencies of the education they now obtain • and to suggest—which we hope to do more fully on a future occasion—such remedies as in our judgment seem best calculated to meet the exigencies of the case. AlsoNG the many important questions which will conic under consideration in the next session of par liament, the law of settlement and removal holds a chief place. The Poor-law Board having terminated their inquiries, and the results of those inquiries being now before the public, it only remains for parliament to decide what use to make of them. If the authority of the board is of the slightest vnluc— if the opinions of their assistant commissioners and inspectors deserve the least respect—if any regard, in fine, is due to the unanimous voice of the boards of guardians which have been consulted on the matter, each in its own locality, the law of settlement and removal cannot be tolerated any longer. After a continuous experience of its operation under every variety of circumstances and legislative modifications during one hundred and ninety years, it is confessed at last to have been from the very outset a dead failure. Not one of the objects for which it was, in 1662, called into existence has been realised. Not one of the supposed amendments, which at subse quent times it received at the hands of the legis lature has hitherto had asy other effect save that of aggravating the precise mischief it was designed to prevent. Not one of the manifold cruel ties and injustices which the working classes have suffered, and which were the direct and even the avowed consequences of that law, have as yet been compensated to the other classes of the community, save by disadvantage and loss to all, and more espe cially to those for whose fancied benefit the wrong was committed. It is the common interest of em ployers and employed, of rate-pacers and paupers, of resident and non-resident poor, and of their respec tive parishes, that this law of remarol—or, as it is vulgarly but most untruly and absurdly called, of settlement and removal—should be at once and for ever repealed. Upon what conditions that repeal should take place, is a question upon which much difference of opinion exists, and upon which we shall upon a future occasion submit some ob servations. But the feeling in favour of a repeal, in some shape, is, as we have said, unanimous amongst all those who have studied it most, and been most conversant with its administration. We might even say that there exists nowhere an opinion to the contrary. The few expressions of an adverse tendency are clearly shown in the admirable report of Mr. COODE, to the Poor I.aw Board, just published,' to have no direct reference to the ques tion itself, or to have been founded upon assumptions of fact quite foreign to it ; or lastly, howsoever erro neously or inartificially worded, to have been in tended, not by any means in opposition to the pro posed change, but rather as illustrations of the mis chiefs for which it alone is the appropriate remedy. We may take it,therefivre, for granted, that so far as popular feeling is concerned in the question, "the law of settlement and removal" touches its last hour. It is, as we have said, a great mistake to call it a lower settlement at all. It is purely and absolutely a law of removal. The office of a real law of settle ment, according to Mr. t'ofaw., is "the maintenance of peace and good order, by determining the lawful place of residence for every man." Such a law of settlement has long since ceased to be known here, even by tradition, but it flourished here down to the middle of the PLANTAGENET period, under the names of Bohr and Franipiedge. That "honourable" law, as Mr. Coons: most justly styles it, is now as obsolete as the purposes it was meant to serve. 'Plies: purposes were to provide a legal domicile for errry man. to ascertain the local relations, duties, and rights of rarh and all, withoat distinction of persons, to secure the peace and progress of the com munity and the protection of every one of its members, and to bind the lord of the soil equally with the serf who tilled it. We quite agree with Mr. .Cocior. in thinking that if these be the true ends and objects of a law of settlement, that honourable name is a misnomer when applied to the existing acts of parliament for the removal of paupers to the parishes of their birth. The labourer or working-man suffers very materially from his liability to removal, and derives no advan tage from his statutory "settlement." It is a very great mistake to suppose that this so-called settle ment confers the title he has to receive relief, in the event of his becoming a pauper. "The law," says Mr. Coolie., " is indisputable that a destitute person, whether parishioner or stranger, settled or unsettled, native or foreigner, is equally to be relieved." The advantage, therefore, of the statutory " settlement" is either illusory altogether (and that it is so, we shall hereafter take occasion to demonstrate), or it exists only for the behoof of the renwring parish. Nor is it any answer to say that the statutes enable the pauper, if he likes, to claim the benefit of any wttlement he may have acquired in the place of his settlement by birth. In the first place, it is not true that he is so enabled by any statute ; it was his right, if no statute had passed, to labour where he , pleased, and seek relief wherever he might be law fully in need of it ; and any alteration, therefore, which was made by statute with regard to that right, has been to restrain, and not to extend it. In the next place—but, in the next place, the pauper never does resort to his acquired settle nient, except in his own self-defence, and against what ? Against that very law of removal which, according to the vulgar but inaccurate acceptation, aires him that settlement! There is no doubt that, if the question be put to any man having such an ac quired settlement, whether he would like to part with it ? his answer, in the present state of the law, will be "No!" But it is at least equally clear that the total repeal of the law of removal will find in I him a cheerful defender, although he knows that all settlements, whether of birth or of acquisition, will fall with it. In other words the repeal of settlement as limited and defined by the poor law acts means simply the repeal of the liability to removal. In the place of his present privilege of access to one wish it will restore to the poor man his ancient freedom in every one of the ism:, parishes in England and Wales, whether as regards the right of locomotion or of employment or of habitation. The present law gives him no settlement, but in la 534 cases out of the ta,cgm refuses it. In one s olitary parish he is a citizen ; in all the rest an alien. Hence, as Mr. Count very justly argues, the loss of his present settlement involved in the absolute abrogation of the law of removal will be to him " the gain of a great immunity, that I;fstayiny wh,rerer he will." But the interests of the working class are, here as elsewhere, inseparably connected with those of every other class in the community, and of society at large. If the injustice to the labourer of restricting him from carrying his enterprise to the best mar -1 ket, and the cruelty of those invasions of his hearth and these dispersions of his little circle which are unavoidably incident to the due enforcement of the existing statute, and the impolicy of a law which thus constitutes the million in a state of chronic hostility to the few, were less apparent—even then, and in the merest interest of property and economic government. the repeal of this act of CHARLES would be not the less desirable. Worthy in every respect of the reign to which we have assigned it, hastily introduced upon false pretences and against the liberties of 4.1530,001) of Englishmen, carried by a then overwhelming parochial Interest and without ' disew.don, and never defended but by the supposed advocates of that interest, the law of removal has always operated adversely to every other, and is now found. by a just retaliation, to have reacted fatally , upon the interest which it was meant to gratify. It has impeded trade, production, and agriculture, and extinguished industry and independence. It has caused population to stagnate in districts unprogres sive. declining, and impoverished, and denied to happier districts an honest and respectable popu lation. suited to their enterprise and resources. , It has encouraged the lightly taxed and wealthy landlord of the close parish," to restrain and pro , ' hibit the erection of habitations for his own people, . and even to destroy such as were already in exist ; enee. in order to throw on the overtaxed " open parish" the future burthen of supporting them when • &von of Gcorge Coale, Eq., to the Prof Law Baud, on the Law of Settlevaect and Memo•.! of as Poor; beinz a tanker &van, ha" doe. Is3l. changeable ; end it be accumulated the vagrant and nnentfied population thus created, in overcrowded, i filttry, and pestilential places, the refuge of wretched ness, disease and crime. It has stimulated pau perism In every part of the land. It has called into existence the largest amount of litigation and consecrent expenditure ever witnessed in any nation during the same space of time, by isolating parish from parish,. and by never benefiting one a ith- I out corresponding injury to another, and thus oonsti ' toting between them what has been correctly termed • war of interparochial interests. And, in fine, whilst every attempt at partial amendment has failed to produce the slightest relief, and has some times been productive of even greater mischiefs, the total excision of entire heads of this most obnoxious law hes never been attempted without some benefit, although " frustrated of some of its good effects," says Mr. COODE, " by the remaining portions of the law of removal." 'the only course therefore consistent with the greatness of the mischief and the exigency of the case,istorepeal the law. Any ehangeshort of its entire abolition must necessarily prove a failure. Those who prefer the modification to the abrogation of any law, when under revision of the legislature, must be prepared to show that there are advantages to be derived from its retention. In this ease there are no advantages, but on the contrary evils the most pernicious to be apprehended from its con tinuance in any shape. It e have pointed out the general nature of those evils, and we shall seize an early opportunity to examine them more in detail, and to test them by the light of statistics. • FRANCE. PARIS, MONDAT ETINING. The President read his message to-day to the mi nisters at the Elysee. The Prefect of the Seine, the l'refeet of Police, General Nlagnan, sad two or three persons of political standing were present. It is said that the message is likely to be laid to-morrow upon the table of the Assembly, and that a copy will be sent to the var:ous foreign ministers. A new parliamentary club will be formed for the support of the government on independent principles. General St. Arnaud's order of the day continues to be the object of severe comment on the part of the parliamentary organs. The .Ilessager brings the principles of the minister of war to a severe test. On Aug. 6, 1840, M. Aladenize, lieutenant of tho 42nd, presented himself at a post in the Rue d'Alton, at Boulogne, guarded by soldiers of the 42nd, under the orders of Serjeant Morange, and commanded the soldiers tolfollow M. Louis Bonaparte, who had just ascended the throne of his uncle. Ac -cording to the principles of M.de St. Arnaud, Sergeant .Nlorange and the soldiers of the 42nd ought to hale followed Lieut. Aladenize, of the 42nd, because ‘. res ponsibility is not shared, and stops at the officer who gives the order, which the soldier has only to obey' , and execute." General St. Arnaud's omission to in troduce into either his order of the day, or his circu lar to the generals of territorial divisions, any mention of the obedience due to the laws, seems to be a decided deviation, and a highly censurable one, from military traditions. The inculcation of the doctrine of passive obedience unaccompanied by any allusion to the only principle which can justify the transforma tion of a human being into a brute machine, is a bad precedent and discreditable error. If out of a servile I feeling to the humour of Louis Napoleon a salutary ' usage of essential significance is to be suppressed by a member of the cabinet, the system of appointing obscure adherents as ministers will become us 'odious as it is now obnoxious to ridicule. General Magnan took care not to incur so serious a blame. Appointed in July to the command-in chief of the army of Paris, in his first order of the day he made a pointed allusion to the necessity of maintaining the obedience due to the laws. The Assenthlje Nationale s a ys: Persons well informed en the subject affirm, that inter pellations will be made from the tribune on the subject of the order of the day of the new Minister of War. These interpcllations are to bear principally on tho following phrases Under arms military rule is the only law." "The responsibility which constitutes military force and authority is not divided ; it belongs to the chief from whom the order emanates, and it covers obedience and execution." It will be formally demanded that these words shall be effaced from the order of the day addressed to the army, and if the explanations of the minister should not tend to remove from it the disastrous signification, it is thought that the interpellation may assume a very serious character. It would, in fact, be impossible to allow such • theory to exist iu the armed force ; it will be full of danger for the future to allow the will of a chief to be placed above all the powers and above the law. Placed on the order of the day of the army by a minister of personal policy, would not such a theory assume the character of an attenloCl An arrest of considerable importance has been cf fezted in relation to the riots of the Cher and Nievre. The Viscount de Dreuille, a young legitimist, was arrested on Saturday, in his yacht, at Honflcur, and conveyed to Paris. Two country mansions belonging to this family, one in the Nivernais, and the other in Burgundy, have been searched, and a quantity of ammunition and 16 bullet moulds were found. M. de Dreuille only last year suc ceeded to an income of 4,000/. per ann. Ibiring the time of the provisional government he is said to have frequented democratic clubs, but since his accession of fortune it has always been thought that he had resumed his place in the ranks of the most aristocratic legitimists. On his arrival in custody at his resi dence in the Rue Richer, he begged to see the Minister of the Interior, before being conducted to prison at Bourges. M. David has arrived in Paris, and is installed as Minister of Justice. Hence M. Giraud ceases to hold ml interim that post in the new cabinet. Yesterday M. Turgot presented to the President the members of the international sanitary confer ences. M. David, chairman of the conferences, an nounced that the report of their labours would be ready in a month or six weeks. Among the most important bills which will come before the assembly, on the renewal of its labours, are the Lyons and Avignon Railway Bill, the Budget of Expenses of lea 2, and the Municipal Bill. The resignation of M. Lacoste, prefect of Lyons, is bailed with much satisfaction by the anti-Bona wtists. M. Lacoste no sooner observed the war declared by the Constitution/H./ against the law of May 31, than he openly declared that he would resign if that policy were adopted by the govern ment. You are aware that a bill was passed last session for extending the police powers of the prefect of the Rhone over districts in the neighbourhood of Lyons, and assimilating his position to that of the prefect of police at Paris. Phis post is therefore highly important. The prefect appointed in M. La coste s place, is M. de Vincent, late prefect of the Seine-et-Marne, who was talked of for some days as likely to succeed M. earlier. Turgot, though scarcely as yet well installed in office, has liven occupying himself with the question of renewing the commercial treaty between France and Belgium, the expiration of which is near at hand. We understand that negotiations are about to be im mediately- opened on the subject. Ono of the first steps of M. Thorignv has been to save a host of sub-prefects from being the victims of a set of decrees which M. Leon Faucher signed for their ejection during the last days of his brief au thority. The new Minister of the Interior has maintained the trees marked for cutting down in their places. A deputation of the 2nd Legion of the National Guards has waited upon M. earlier, the late Perfect of Police, to invite him to come forward at the proxi- j mate election as a candidate for the c o l onc l ey o f the ! legion, recently vacated by General Itapatel. The democrats exclaim reasonably against the ille gality of trying the prisoners taken for being con- , cerned in the riots of the Cher and Nievre by court martial, which mode of jurisdiction can only be applied by giving a retroactive virtue to the decree declaring those two departments in a state of siege. The citizen Blanqui complains that all his corres pondence is regularly seized at the Lille post-office. M. de la Guerrontuere has published to-day his portrait of the Count de Chambord, which was, as it now appears with excellent judgment, prohibited by M. de Lamartine from appearing in the republican Pays. This portrait, as it is called, is daubed with the grossest flattery, and is quite sufficient to turn the stomach of any reader who has a common sense of human dignity,. not to talk of republican feeling. If after a more abject grovelling at the feet of the representative of legitimacy, M. de la Gueronnire be still permitted by M. de Lamartine to sign republican articles in the Pays, not only will the character of that journal itself suffer, but M. de Lamartioo himself must expose himself to the suspicion of being a legitimist, a republican in disguise. In fact, my only reason for alluding to the performance of M. do 1-a. THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 4, 1851. Onerronnieze is the significance of inch a publication as regards the statesman who employs him as editor of the Pays. M. Fremont, the representative of the Ile-et- Vilaine, has also published a pamphlet,which attracts some attention, entitled "La Planche de Saint." In M. Fresneau's opinion, the " plank of safety" is the • parliament. The Artemise corvette, which is about to sail from Cherbourg for Tahiti, is to carry out a certain num ' bet of masons, carpenters, smiths, and other work men, for the Marquesas Islands, where the govern ment intends to erect buildings destined for lodgings for persons condemns i to transportation. These workmen are to remain for four years certain, and during that period are to receive double pay. 'I he price of bread remains without alteration in Paris for the first fortnight of November. The Olisereateur, a Belgian journal, states that Marchal, who was recently condemned, by the Court of Assizes of the Seine, to five years imprisonment and 6,000 fr. fine, for a work entitled Fin de In .R - publique, and who had fled to Belgium to prevent the execution of this sentence, has received orders to quit that country. Marchal, it will be remembered, was the author of a libel on Louis Phillippe, for which he was tried and condemned to imprisonment, but was released by the revolution of February. The Cuurrier de la Gironde states that the pro duce of the vintage of this year for red wine will be about half that of ordinary years, and for white rather less than that proportion. The quality can not yet be judged of, but the Medocs and the Graves are considered to be about the same as in 1846 and 1844. A considerable rise took place in the funds. The Fives closed at 90.53, with a rise of 43c. The Threes rose 15c., and closed at 55.83. SPAIN. MADRID, OCT. 29. A committee has been appointed to examine the modifications which it may be convenient and neces sary to introduce into the tariff of the manufacturing industry. The authorities have suppressed the journal Euivpa on account of its anti-social and irreligious tendencies. PORTUGAL. LISBON, Om 29. The circular of Magalhaens, the minister of the interior, which I sent in my last, has placed a gulf between the people and the government, and so compromised it with the national party, that it is very clear there can be no re union while Mngulhaens remains in the cabinet. This minister wishes to separate the followers of the Cabrillo from their leaders, but the idea is a vain one, and only serves those whom they intended to damage. The Queen never beheld Rodrigo de Fon seca Nlagalliaens with pleasure, and every effort to work himself into such favour is equally Utopian. With reference to the rumour I communicated in my lust, that certain proposals had been made to the Cabralites to enable the government to overthrow the Septembristas, the government contradicts it in their official journal of the 2.2nd instant, in the following way ;—" The assertion, that the ministers made pro posals to the central Carlista party, is, by superior order, declared destitute of foundation." This im mediately put the Cabralistas upon their mettle, and the following morning their three organs declared there was nut a word or a syllable of truth in the contradiction ; and that " to the official declaration they would reply by facts, as they appeared in the journal of the central electoral commission of the meeting of the Ist October instant, held at their house in St. John-Nepomeeeno." Which facts, they further stated, related to the subject in question, and are given to the world in a publication which many people believed to be a pure invention of the Cabra lites. The Cabralite party convened a meeting at Silva Cabral's for Sunday last, and employed in distributing its circulars all the civil petty authori ties of the police and municipal chamber; but not withstanding every exertion, 300 persons were all that assembled. The business of the day may be summed up in a few words—that if their party did not suc ceed, all would go wrong, for they alone could save the Queen, the Charter, and everything else. An ultramarine council has been established by decree, to whom it will belong to regulate and ad minister the affairs of the colonies under prescribed regulations; it is calculated to have the eftCet of de veloping their resources. The council consists of a president, Viscount Sada Bandeira ; a vice-presi dent, l)on Manse' de Portugal e Castro; and ten members. The naval battalion (marines) has been dissolved by decree, and a corps of military mariners is to be formed, similar to the organisation observed in the French marine. the following is the state of the treasury for the month of September:—Receipts, including the for mer balance, 649,213,694 refs; payments, 570,3e40,290 reis; balance to account of October, 78,83:3001 reis. Of the receipts, the Custom-house paid in 158,241,923 reis; the Sete Cuzas, 49,875,185; duties on grain, 12,415,350 ; Mint, 9,676,728; and I'ga-office, 6,953,728 reis. Among the payments were 104,482,306 to the Junta do Credit() Public°. The authorities here have only declared Oporto " clean" from the 1 Jth, disregarding the clean bills of health which the authorities of that city had given from the 10th. The government have done an act of justice, which has received its due mced of praise. From the various insurrections which have taken place in this country, there were several chivies of officers, termed " amnistiados," that is, persons who had received the benefit of the several amnesties which had been issued after each event. These officers were classi fied, and comprised all who had been amnestied from the convention of Evora Monte to the close of the ' in surrection in 1847 ; they were placed on the sec tions of the army to which prescribed decrees pro ' nounced they were to belong, receiving a different pay, and to all intents and purposes undergoing a degree of punishment nut at all in accordance with the meaning or intention of an amnesty—in a word, they were outcasts from the army and their profes sional career. A decree has therefore been signed, extinguishing these classes both in the army and navy, and re-opening the military career to those who desire and are in condition to em brace effective service; and those who are not, or who do not present themselves to the military commission for the purpose of having their services made available, will be placed on the retired list, in accordance with the law of 1790. The civil officers of both arny and navy similarly situated are also placed in every respect in a similar position ; and the decree laudably provides that no officer shall be deprived of any part of tho time of his service on account of political causes. The decree is also to extend to the same classes of officers in the colonies, who are to enjoy the same benefit of it. The Arethusa and Dauntless got under weigh yesterday morning very early, the Dauntless both steaming and under a press of canvas, to make the lbest of their way to Tangiers. 1 Another decree has been promulgated, limiting the I free admission of whatever articles foreign ambas sadors accredited to the court of Lisbon may require for use or consumption to an exact reciprocal obser vance of what Portuguese ambassadors, accredited Ito the courts of their respective sovereigns, are per , muted to receive for use or consumption free of duty. The elections are now the subject of paramount consideration. Among the pledges required by the , electors of the primary assemblies are the following: to support such a reform in the charter as will sus tain the representative monarchy with the utmost i degree of liberty; to make a law rendering public functionaries responsible ; to oppose by every means ' any ministry of the Count Thomar, or of his bro. I ther's; to make an electoral law upon the basis of `the electoral decree of the 20th of June last, or even more iberal, if it shall be possible; to vote for a re , vision of the indemnities conceded to the contractors of tobacco, roads, and all others given by the Thomar Ministry; to vote for the suppression of the fiscal I regulations of the Sete Cuzas, and the diminution of imposts; to make a law for a better assessment of the tithe, with elective boards, a diminution of em ployes, and of the great expenses of collection ; to vote for the revision of the law of fumes and the ex tinction of entails (tow/vat/Qs); also fur the abolition ' of the monopoly of soap, and, if it be possible, that lof tobacco; and to establish the liberty of commerce upon a more extended scale. Exchange, 331; discount of Lisbon bank notes, 2 per cent. GERMANY. FRANKFORT. The following published in the Prase (Paris paper), and dated Frankfort, the 27th uit.: A complete change is imminent in the financial world. Whilst the monied aristocracy of England, amongst which Messrs. Rothschild figure on the second rank are prepar ing for Kossuth a reception such as no king has obtained, the new Austrian loan has entirely failed. It is well known that the Austrian government has been unable to rea.ise more than 4.5 millions of florins instead of the 8.5 which it expected. Of these 4.5 millions, 40 were raised at home, and 5 only abroad. But besides the fact that the communes were forced to contribute to the loan, Trieste, to wit, under pain of losing her rights as a free port, the Austrian govern ment consented to take in payment, instead of cash, old obligations for war expenses of divers provinces which had almost lost their value. Tho 40 millions thus raised in Austria are in the main, therefore, but fictitious, and destined to serve as a bait for foreign capitalists. We learn now from a certain source that Austria has charged the great houses of Sina and Rothschild to sell at any price the remaining 40 millions of scrip. But an important loan cannot be made without bankers' assistance, and the bankers are abandoning Austria. This circumstance seems to be the real cause that has led to the meeting in this city of the four representatives of the Rothschild house. The object of consultation has been also to advise as to the means proper to adopt to cover the losses which this house has already had, and is likely to have, in consequence of the present financial position of Austria. SAXONY. Zeiluny of I)trsden of the 27th, which published a repoit of the Westminster meeting in honour of M. kossuth, was seized and suppressed by the police, by order of the Minister of the Interior. The journal states that it gave only an abstract of the proceedings, and expressed no opinion of its own on the subject of the debate, and denies that the matter seized comes under the pro vision of the law on the authority of which the minister issued the order. The otficial Dresdener Journal condenses all the reports of the proceedings in England, at Southampton and elsewhert•, to half a line, stating that " M. Kossuth had landed " at the above named port. Within a month five different works, published by the firm of Otto Wigand and Co., at Leipzig, have been seized, and the sale pro hibited. Among them is the work of General' Klapka on the War in Hungary and in the Sieben btirgen. M. Wigand intended to make a strong re presentation to the government of the ruin such sei zures would bring on the publishing business, which employs in Leipzig an immense number of indi viduals. Immediately after Klapka's work had been seized and put under the seal of the police, an order for it arrived from Marshal Radetzki. In the month of June last no less than 32 German works were prohibited by the Russian government, sonic of them the same as those recently prohibited in the Papal States. DENMARK AND THE DUCHIES. The late ministerial changes in Denmark have provoked the decided disapprobation—expressed in late notes addressed to the cabinet of Copenhagen— both of Austria and Prussia. The negotiations of M. Mille Brahe have been thereby brought to a full stop. The views of the present Eider-Dane ministry, with respect to Schleswig, considerably vary from those of their predecessors. M. Rifle Brahe, as soon as they were installed, required a statement of the measures they intended to adopt, especially with re ference to Schleswig; but though he has twice de manded the cxph►nation, he has received as yet no answer ; whilst, at the same time, no reply has been given to the Austrian and Prussian notes, which de clared that the courts of Vienna and Berlin could place no confidence in the actual ministers. It would thus appear that new embarrassments have arisen, and that the settlement of the Danish and Duchy affairs, instead of being promoted, has been thrown back by the new modification of the Danish cabinet. LATEST FOREIGN EXCHANGES. PARIS BOURSE. For !Snowy. • LOU] For Aecnont. Inighest. , Loweot.: Closing SS 93 53 60 SS PS VD 33 110 3 90 33 PARIS. Nov. 3. 41111110 Ai 030 OS 411 II 90 i ,OPechlS ;I 3 per Cep,.. ..•., 3 per Cents 3 per Dente. Mew C ... 4 ter Genie.... ... 170 10 ... 4i per Cents Exchvine on Lowtoo ; al eight, 23 25 ; 9ii day& 23 7 4. Deleon, 3, INV) Do. 5, 184 , — ... kuoten Loan, 1951 71 Du. 4i Do. 2i . 7, p.rt... 2090 7910 ... I Mak Sh.ires . . PAILIN, ' Nov. 3.—% eraulles (nght bank), ; ditto (left funk), 208 73 ; Paris and 0r1e,,n., hac 25; l'arta and Rouen, 557 50; Itunvn and Haar°, NI 75 ; MaracilleB and Avignon, 210 ; Straahourg and Bah% 118 23 ; Centre, 422 30; floulo,rne and Amiens, —; Mean* and Itord,aux, 380; Northern, 158 73 ; PAY,. Btr.e -bourg. 331; Tour. anti Nantev, 232 Su ; Muntereau and Tro)e-, 93. MADRID, Orr. 29.—Three per Cents., 361. Four per Cents., 14. Five per Cents., 16. Coupons, 8. l'assives, 6. Bank of St. Ferdinand, 991 paper. Exchange on London, 50.75. (By Electric Telegraph.) ANTWERP, Nov. 3.—Five per Cent. Metalbrines, 73:. Five per Cent. Ardoins, 13 3-16. Three per Cent. Intericur, 34,i. Russian Four-and-a-Half per Cents., —. Exchange on London, 23 27 1 .. bitussets, Nov. 3.—Belgian Five per Cents., 991; Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 89 . 4; per Cents., 491. Exchange on London, 23.271. AMSTERDAM, Nov. I.—Five per Cent. Metal liques, 701. Two-and-a-Half per Cent. Belgians, —. Five per Cent. Ardoins, hi 7.16. Three per Cents., Interior, 34 11-16. Russian Four-and-a-II al f per Cents., —. Two-and-a-Half per Cent. Integrals, 37 3-16. Exchange on London, 11.871. VIENNA, Nov. 3.—Five per Cent. Metalliques, 92. Exchange on London, 12.28 ;on Paris, 1471. Agio on gold, 301 ; ditto on silver, 241. HAMBURG, Nov. 3.—Three per Cents. Interior, 321 ; Four-and-a-half per Cents., Russia, 961 ; Ex change on London, 3 months, —; ditto, at sight, FRANKFORT, Nov. 3.—Five per Cent. Metal liques, 72,1. Three per Cent. Interior, 34 9-16. Ex change on London, 119'1; on Vienna, 941. BERLIN, Nov. 3.—Voluntary Loan, 102; ; Na tional Debt, 881. Four-and-a-Half per Cents., Russian, 1001. THE INDUS, CAPTAIN SOY, LEFT SOUTHAMPTON yesterday for Alexandria, as an extra steamer. She took out nearly 130 passengers, amongst whom were Sir W. Reid, K.C.8., the new governor of Malta, and Oeneral Sir Patrick Stuart and family. She also took out specie for India, principally in silver, value 45,0001. sterling. The Indus took out a rather heavy ship mail for India and the Mediterranean. illE GREAT EXIIIBITION.—The signs of the com plete breaking up of the Exhibition become more visible every day. Dr. Bully, the Swiss commissioner, and Ramon La Sagra, the commissioner from Spaiu, were at the build ing for the last time yesterday, when they took leave of such of their fellow labourers in the great work as hap. pound to be present. Both these gentlemen leave England this day for their respective countries. This day also the first shipment of the return goods to France, consisting of 1.50 packages, takes place. The French products which it is intended to leave in this country arc now made free of the Custom House, so that henceforward we may ex pect considerable progress in the clearance of their fabrics. As her Majesty's Commissioners have deemed it but a fair tribute to the exertions of our own countrymen, who have man wed and superintended particular departments in the British side of the Exhibition, to offer them a pecuniary gratuity, in acknowledgment of their services, it was thought that it might be considered ungracious if the same liberality was not extended to those who were qmilarly engaged upon the foreign side. They have accordingly issued a circular, directed to the foreign acting commissioners, containing en offer similar to that which has been made to British subjects. We understand that two or three replies have been received, in which the writers decline for themselves the acceptance of any such gratuity, but stating that they would receive it on behalf of those who acted under them in tae management of their portions of the Exhibition. The number of letters received on various subjects connected with the Exhibition by the F,xecutive Committee, has amounted to not less than 37,000. During the same period the number which has been received by the Treasury, on all subjects connected with that department of the government has not exceeded 22,000. DEATIT OF LORD PRESIDENT HOPE.—The late Lord President of the Court of Session died at his house in Moray-place on Thursday last. Mr. Hope, who had at tained the advanced age of 88, had suffered for lame time from illness. The principal points in the late Lord Presi dent's long career as a lawyer and judge may be briefly summed up. He was the eldest son of John Hope, Esq., grandson of the first Earl of linpetoun, and was born in 1703. Called to the bar in 1781, he was made Deputy Judge Advocate in 1780; and obtained the Sheriffshin of Orkney in 1792.. In 1801 he became Lord Advocate, and sat in parliament for East Lothian. In 1804 he was ele vated to the bench; in 1811 to the Lord Presidentship, from which high office he retired in 1811. Ho was married in 1793 to a daughter of the second Earl of Moncton°, and his eldest son, born in 1794, is the Right lion. John Hope, the present Lord Justice Clerk.—Scotsiwan. Vio Court. WINDSOR, Nov. 3. The Queen walked in the Home l'ark and in the Slopes this morning. the Prince of Wales, the Princess Royal, and younger members of the Royal Family, took their usual pony and walking exercise. I Prince Albert went out shooting this morning, ath ivied by Colonel lion. C. Grey, Colonel F. 11. Seymour (Elm cry in Waiting), and Colonel &Adolph (Master of the House hold). The Duke of Norfolk and Lady Adeliza Howard arc ex pected at the Castle this evening. Her Majesty and Prince Albert went to Frozmore, the residence of the Duchess of Kent, this evening. The Tyro lese singers, Helens, Rainer, and troupe, had again the honour of singing before her Majesty and his Royal High ness and the Duchess of Kent, at Frugmore. The Tyro lese, who have brought testimonials from several of the continental crowned heads, Fang their national songs with great execution and taste. The troupe have performed once at Windsor Castle before the Queen. Her Majesty will hold a Chapter 'of the Order of tho Garter tomorrow (Tuesday), at the Castle, Sir Henry Lytton Bulvrer had an interview with Lord John Russell yesterday. The right lion. guidon in also at tended at the Foreign-office. The Marquis of Lansdowne arrive/ in town yesterday to attend the Cabinet Council, frum his seat, llowood-park, Wilts. Earl Grey also arrived in I , ,sen to attend the council on Sunday evening, from llowitk-hall, Northumberland. Despatches were received yesterday at the Colunial-office, from the governors of the N o rth A mer i can P rov i nces an d the Falkland Islands. A Cabinet Council was held yesterday afternoon at the Foreign-office, Downing-street. The ministers present were—Lord John Russell, the Lord Chan cellor, the Marquis of Lansdowne, the Earl of Minto, Viscount Palmerston, Earl Grey, the Chancellor of the Exchequer. Sir Francis Baring, Lord Brough ton, the Right lion. henry Labouchere, the 'larquis of Clanricarde, Lord Seymour, and Earl Granville. The council sat two hours. MR. NASSAU SENIOR has been appointed to the Irgal post in India recently vacated by the death of :dr. Bethune. It is worth ten thouh.uul pounds a year. THE BISHOP OF ENETEICS SENTENCE ON THE Ray R. ANTR2OI.—ERETER, MONDAV.—The Right Rev. Lord Bishop of Exeter, by consent of the defendant, pro nounced sentence on the 11ev. Richard Antrum, incumbent of the parish of Slapton, Devon, this day, at the Chapter house. The offences charged were that he had not per formed divine service on the morning and evening of Good Friday, nor on the evening of Easter-day ; that he bad not resorted, upon notice, to the house of a parishioner, on the 31st of January last, to baptise an infant, then dangerously ill, by which neglect the child died untiaptised ; and that, on the 3rd of Dlarch, he had refused or delayed to bury a corpse of a child brought to the churchyard, after duo notice given. It appeared that an °Mir of commitment had issued from the Kingsbridge County Court, in pur suance of a judgment in a suit for the recovery of a debt, in the month of December last, and therefore Mr. Antrim had closely confined himself to his house every day except Sundays, and taken very effectual measures to prevent the entrance of any one who could execute the order. His Lordship observed that he would forbear considering whe ther this general neglect of some of the highest duties of the clerical charge—the visiting his parishioners in sickness and health—was or was not au offence against the ecclesi astical law, but he noticed it for the purpose of observing that it deprived Mr. Antrim of all claim to indulgent con sideration on account of his fear of arrest. For offending against the law of the church, by neglecting to perform divine service on the occasions alleged, the bishop monished the defendant not to offend again. As to the non-baptism of the infant, it was too clearly established to ad mit of any doubt, and a must grave ease he was bound to regard it. Who could venture to say that any child dying unhaptised is in as good a state in all eternity, as if it had been baptised? Our church pronounced it certain by God's word that children who are baptised dying before they commit actual sin are undoubtedly saved. It not only did not pronounce that certainty, it abstained from ever intimating any hopes, and preserved a reverend and becoming silence respecting the state of a babe dying without baptism. So late as the year 1549, when the Book of Common Prayer was first compiled, our church, though it ceased to express in plain terms that the unbaptised child perished everlastingly, yet ssemed to have implied the same belief. It was impossible to remark too gravely on the fearful responsibility incurred by tho defendant, and who, by his neglect, deprived this poor in nocent of that assurance of salvation which God's word, solemnly interpreted by his church, would otherwise have given. As that was too plain for doubt, ho (the bishop) was bound to pronounce the full sentence prescribed by the 69th canon, that the defendant he and wan thereby by him (the bishop) suspended fur three mouths; and fur. ther, that before his restitution, lie should acknowledge his fault Baud promise before him, his ordinary, that he would not wilfully incur the like again. With regard to refusing or delaying to bury the child of George Peering, though proved, his lordship forbore going into detailed remarks or pronouncing any additional sentence, because the sentence thereby incurred, of' suspension fur three months, had fiesta already pronounced for the other offence charged and proved against him. In conclusion, he condemned Mr. Antram in the costs of the proceedings. Tit MESDiEtts of THE ARCTIC COMMITTEE hula sittings every day (luring bog week, and examined officers of the recent Arctic expeditions, with the exception of Saturday, which was devoted by Rear-Admiral Bow less, C. 11., and one or two of the other members, to the examination of papers. UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON.—STATUE OF FLANNIAN, ter WATSON.—The committee fur superintend ing the execution of the statue of Floawan by the late Mr. M. L. Watson having determined that the statue when completed should be presented to the council of University College, London, for erection iu the Flaxmau Gallery of that institution,c it was last week lodged in the college on being removed from the Exhibition; and the council, at their session on Saturday, received from the committee, by a communication in writing from Mr. Peter Cunningham, their honorary secretary, the formal act of presentation of the statue to the college. A vote of thanks to the cum mittee was passed by the council. ANDREWS SCRULAILSIIIIII —At the same session the council received the report of the examiners for the Andrews scholarships for proficiency in Latin, Greek, mathematics, and natural philosophy, and, on their recommendation, awarded a scholarship of lOU. to Mr. John Charles Addycs Scutt, and u scholarship of .All. to Mr. John lower Hicks. It was also determined to idler for competition in 1862 an extraordinary scholarship of 6UI. in addition to the three ordinary scholarships of 70L, Lit., and 451. for that year previously announced. The examiners wcro—ln classics, Mr. Charles I'. Alicsou,;l3.A.,rof Denmark hill Grammar School ; in mathematics, Mr. S. It. Young, late Professor of Mathematics in the Belfast Academical Institution for the council; and the following prokssurs of the college—Latin, Mr. Newman; Greek, Mr. Malden; mathematics, Mr. D. E. Morgan; natural philosophy, Mr. l'otter. TIM GRIEVANCES OF ARMY MEDICAL OFFICERS have, of late, been prominently before the public ; but the recent order requiring them to brand deserters is not the only indication of the unfair tone adopted towards this valuable class of public servants. Generally the best edu cated men in the army, they are usually the least rewanitd. A letter from a correspondent thus states a portion of their case :—" It is quite a mistake to suppose that the govern ment have taken up any idea of honorary rewards satis factory to the army medical department. Mr. Guthrie, it is known, has rejected the proffered civil C. 8., and others have declined that honour. Besides, the great body of the department, the responsible working men, arc of the rank of captain. Now, captains have the benefit of the brevets, and why should not we, of the same rink, have the brevet or an equivalent ? In the Peninsula surgeons got the brevet. 'the duke, with his usual liberality, took it from us, and we have nothing in its place. The brevet gives a cap tain 2s. a day extra and the army rank of major. Them arc substantial advantages. We contest for an appropriate equivalent ; and mind you, fur an equivalent merely us to acknowledgment of duty loyally done ; wo waive the 2s. a day, at least I have heard none contend fur that, though it is a consideration not to he despised. Let a surgeon who has acquitted himself with credit of a sufficiently responsible duty in action re ceive in lieu of the brevet objected to the honorary distinc tion of ' field surgeon to the queen,' or ' king,' as the ease may be. Let this distinction give him the relative army rank of major, and let him, in token of this distinction, wear a major's epaulettes, or a piece of ribbon, as in the legion of honour. We might all be caught with a piece of red ribbon of this kind, and surely we are worth angling for with such cheap bait. The question of honours has been argued and made to turn too much on the point of risk of life rather than of quality of duty performed. The risk of the private soldier and of the officer is exactly the same— returns prove the fact. Ilow then, honourably, on the score of risk only, can an officer wear a distinction not given to his comrades who encountered tho same risk with him self ? Honours evidently arc fa responsibility or office or station, and thus it is that the sighed honour justly fulls to the commander, though perhaps his risk of life has not been equal to that of a soldier advaucing against a battery. Honours are for moral and intellectual force, and I look upon it the duke himself so grounds his claims. What makes me notice this is that I see a fancy just now amongst the medicos to claim military honours on the ground of risk ; but for my part, on such ground only I should feel ashamed to wear any distinction not given to the common soldier. No ; I claim on the ground of moral and intellectual responsibility vested in me; this duly met under extraordinary difficulties should be duly acknow ledged. This acknowledgment is all we ask, and we ask it in the cheapest form—a piece of ribbon." FIRE IN TILE WEST-END.—About three o'clock yesterday morning the residence of Colonel Mitchell, No. 5, Langham-place, Portland-place, was discovered to be on lire. An alarm was immediately given, and the engines of the London Fire Brigade, West of England Company,:and parish, were soon in play. The ere broke out in the first floor, the rooms of which were completely burned out, and the upper part id the house considerably ilamagml. Tho houses adjoining cNo. 4, in the occupation of Mrs. H. Itamsden, and No. 6, the residence of Mr. Percival Robins) also received considerable injury from fire and water.