The Express. — London, England, 1847-10-29 00:00:00

T profane and admiring vulgar. There are no doubt ' many good catholic' even among the priesthood, who prefer the moral and spiritual benefit of the people to the assertion of the exclusive claims of Rome ; but it would require great boldness in a bishop, and greater in a Pope, to avow openly his preference of Christianity er common sense to orthodoxy. The minority of tho Irish prelates were compelled to profess a partial dissatisfaction with the godless colleges, even when they gave a general support to the scheme. Like all sectarian opponents of secular education, the Congregation is of course deeply inr ; reseed with its importance. The scientific instruction of the young, especially of the laity, cirilioria prersertim calls:, is recommended to his grace, anylittulineni Nam, the archbishop, with special care. Ile and his suffragans are to increase by all possible means the efficiency of the existing catholic academies, particularly in the philosophical faculty, according to the meaning of the term "philosophy" in the dialect of Rome and of Tuam ; and the sacred cong rega tion would be pecu liarly grati fi ed if a catholic university could be founded for the advancement of knowledge, as far as it is compatible with orthodoxy, after the model of that which exists under episcopal patronage at Lou vain. Whether the imperial parliament will be in clined to provide funds for the farther division of Ire land into two hostile camps, may be questioned; nor will the "rent" form a very ample academical en dowment; but probably the proposed catholic uni versity will have performed all the functions expected from it, if its shadow excludes the substance of the ill-fated godless colleges. The cant of care for education, and the cant, some what less false, of jealousy for orthodoxy, is miserable enough, whether it appears in popish a.tin or pro testant English ; but unfortunately it is too loud and too general to be neglected with safety. We have too often exposed the fallacy of the clamour against se cular education to make it necessary to expose the fallacies of the papal rescript, which, indeed. are very judiciously promulgated without any at tempt at reason or argument. It would be well, however, if those who find fault with every attempt of successive governments to pro mote education either by defiance of sectarian opposi tion, or by partial concession to it, would take into consideration the difficulties which it is necessary to overcome or to evade. The late government proposed to offer facilities for the secular instruction of the middle classes in Ireland of all persuasions; and Sir ROBERT INGLIS and the Pope denounce the proposal ss godless. The present ministry wished that the poor should learn to read and write without being withdrawn from the religious influences which at present surround them ; and they are told sometimes that they are sinfully indifferent to all creeds, and more often that they are fraudulently bent on extend ing the influence of one persuasion. One lesson which should be drawn from all these varied forms of opposition, is the necessity of refusing to all sects, as sects, a hearing in matters so purely civil as secular education. If there is any creed from Romanism down to Southeotism which will be endangered by reading and writing, let it defend itself as well as it can. Wo are not without hopes that some protestant zealots may be startled into a sounder view than usual, by finding themselves on the same aide of the controversy as the " Pagan full of pride," who has so long troubled their imaginations. We hope, how ever, that the public in general, which is of a less enthusiastic temperament than the standard-bearers in religious disputes, will not be too much irritated by this apparently vexatious and ill-timed opposition on the part of the Pope to a government which has shown so friendly a disposition to him in Italy. We do not lay much stress on the permission given to the minority of the Irish prelates, to lay any further information which they may have to give in favour of their opinions before the Court of Rome; but we are disposed to think that the rescript is of little practical importance, and that the Pope could probably have scarcely given a different answer to the representations of the Irish bishops. There never could be a doubt that Dr. WHALE and his party would oppose the godless colleges to the utmost of their power, even if the Vatican had with held its opinion. The Pope's indorsement on the determinations of Irish synods may serve to ornament them, but his opposition has little influence. In this very rescript the congregation, in the plainest and most significant manner, enjoins the archbishop to confine himself to his spiritual duties and eschew politics, " not being earned sway by partisanship, partium studio, to interfere with matters which have no relation to his sacred ministry ;" a warning which we doubt not the exemplary prelate will show his re for by an early letter of abase to Lord JOHN RUSSELL, or of sedition to Conciliation-hall. Whatever may be the practical value of the Pope's letter, it is impossible to suppose that it could have contained a different conclusion—the reference of the matter to the congregation was virtually a condem nation of the " Godless Colleges." Romanism is not so new or pliable a system as to admit of being inter preted according to the will of a pope; and although a judicious prelate might connive at the introduction of a system of education exempt from the control of the priesthood, it was impossible publicly to admit such a compromise of the immemorial claims of the church. The congregation might have been asked to decide on the euccessorship of the Pope to St. l'eter, or on the validity of schismatical ordination, with equal probability of an answer agreeable to the views of liberalism. While, however, we point out that the rescript tells us nothing more than we knew before, we are very far from empposiffg that it does not ex press the genuine views of PIUS IX. We must not, after all, expect too mach of a Pope. Perhaps it is not desirable that he should be quite above oaring for popery. The present sovereign of Rome is said to be sincere and earnest in his religious opinions, and there is not a particle of religious liberalism in the convictions of a sincere catholic. Those who in terest themselves in his career of political improve ment ought to be glad that his enemies cannot taunt him either with heresy or religious indifference. He has hitherto shown an unmistakable desire to improve the condition of Italy ; and his power to do so must depend on his influence as head of the national reli gion. Catholic orthodoxy is not a principle which we wish to see introduced into English, or, if it can be avoided, into Irish politics; but to the Pope it stands in the place of hereditary descent, of constitutional right, of national opinion, of all the influences, in short, which wise governments can rely upon in their exertions to advance the condition of nations. If the POPE should interfere in our domestic politics, we have nothing to do but simply to ignore his power. He can, after all, only act on opinion, and guide the catholics as Mr. BAINES may guide a section of the independents. It will be prudent to secure his good will ; but his success in the regeneration of Italy, de pending, as it does, on his spiritual influence, ought to be a matter of much warmer interest to Englishmen than the opinion of a few old clergymen at Rom about a matter which properly belongs only to th imperial government and legislature to decide. THOT:6II the West Indian colonies deserve no support to the application they have recently sent home for the restoration of protection to their produce, we nevertheless heartily wish success to those wiser applications for other remedial measures which, it is understood, the committee of West India planters and merchsnts resident in London are making to her Majesty's government. The latter body her, we trust, abandoned hope of any permanent relief being afforded to their necessities through the delnsife me dium of protective duties ; for it is now, we believe, engaged in urging upon the cabinet the adoption of those means by which alone prosperity can be restored o our sugar colonies—viz., supplies of labour suffi cient to enable them to compete with their rivals. Nothing can, it most be admitted, be mere deplora ble than the present condition of our sugar colonies except, indeed, their absolute ruin ; and that appears to be rapidly approaching, unless it be arrested and prevented by resolute interference in the right direc tion. In the Mauritius, for instance, owing to tho recent commercial failures, goveninient, after failing to induce the East India Company to introduce their hypothecation system into the island, is about to ad vance no less a cum than 150,000/., to enable the planters to pay wages for gathering in the crop, and, it is reported, to bring rice from India for the subsist ence of the working classes ; but, even with this advance, it is expected that one-third of the crop will be lost for the want of means to pay for its col lection and manufacture. To the West Indies every mail carries back shoals of bills, burthened :frith heavy expenses, drawn on England to enable the i.lantes to pay for the expense of the sugar harvest. The island s are unable to afford the Planters pecuniary assistan bank ce; the Colonial Bank has instructed its agents to refuse all discounts ; the usual advances on the crops are no longer attainable either for or in the colonies ; attorneys are requesting to be relieved from the agencies of embarrassed estates; despair is rapidly spreading through the islands ; and it is calculated that not less than 50,000 hogsheads of the present sugar crop will be lost for want of the means of collecting and preparing the crop. Thus situated, it can be matter of little surprise that a wish for separation is a growing feeling in these colonies, and that a congress has been summoned for all to meet in some central island, there to deliberate on their future prospects and policy. The sugar-producing colonies are, in truth, en gaged in a struggle of life and death to themselves, and of greater interest and importance to humanity and civilisation than any other economical contest of modern times; and the result of that struggle de pends chiefly on the policy now adopted towards them by the imperial government. The facts of the cue may be thus briefly stated. As the inclination of population in the African continent is towards the western coast, and as the great highways to central Africa have their outlets on that coast, it is ob viously through the western coast that improvement and civilisation can be most readily infused into that continent ; and all experience testifies that it is by native agency they must be imported and carried on. The present obstacle to their admission is the slave trade. The provocation of that trade is sugar culture in Brazil and Cuba. An examination into the statistics shows that as the value of sugar in those countries rises, the slave trade becomes brisk ; as the value falls, the trade declines. Cheap sugar is consequently the means whereby the slave-trade can be repressed . But cheap sugar can only be permanently procured by abun dance of labour in sugar-producing countries. In neither slave-sugar countries nor free-sugar countries is labour abundant : adequate supplies to either must therefore be the result of emigration : to Brazil and Cuba of slave emigration ; to the British colonies of free emigration ; and for immigrants, slave or free, both are in the main dependent on the western coast of Africa. The planters of Brazil and Cuba, undis turbed by their own and in spite of the interference of other governments, do at present receive large supplies sf slave labour from that coast; whereas the planters of the British West Indies, restricted by their govern ment, receive very small supplies of free labour thence. Without abundance of free labour the Bri tish possessions must sooner or later cease to produce sugar; and with the cessation, or serious diminution, of sugar cultivation in them, slave-labour importing countries would, for all practical purposes, have a monopoly of sugar. The absence of competition from the British possessions, joined to the excessive mor tality of the slave population in Brazil and Cuba, would permanently raise the value of sugar ; and thus the provocative of the slave trade would be more strongly established than ever. It is, consequently, by means of large additions to the labouring populations of free-labour sugar countries that cheap sugar mast be permanently ob tained. In other words, it is through the British colonies, and their revived prosperity, based on plen tiful and cheap production of sugar, that the slave trade can be most readily, because by natural and economical laws, suppressed, and the great obsta cle to African civilisation be removed. Such are the mighty questions involved in the struggle between Brazil and Cuba, on the ono side, and the British West Indies and Mauritius on the other. These issues do not, however, require any hostility, political or commercial, on our part, to Brazil or Cuba. On the contrary, as some good must result to the repression of the slave-trade by our being on friendly relations with those countries, it is our duty, on that ground and for that object if they stood alone, to cultivate their friendship ; and the readiest way to gain their esteem is to benefit ourselves by taking their sugar. But friendship and commercial intercourse with them ought not to blind us to the relative parts they and our own tropical colonies play in the great drama of African civilisation, or to indispose us to assume the duties which those parts have assigned to us. They ought rather to quicken us to relieve them and ourselves from the contest in which we are engaged, and from which there appears to be no escape for either. To enable the British tropical possessions to pro duce cheaply, they must have abundance of labour. With the prospect of such abundance additional capital will be invested, new energy be dis played, and greater ecience be applied in them. In the quarter whence they can be most abundantly and economically supplied with labour (the western coast of Africa) they are competitors for labour with slave-holding countries. The compe tition of the one is, however, unscrupulous and felonious ; that of the other is partial, hesitating, and timid. They are daring and audacious in the pre sence of our cruisers: we shrink from their absurd calumnies, and quail beneath our own sentimental apprehensions. We spend a million sterling annually in fulfilling the obligations of treaties proved by thirty years' experience to be useless ; but we refuse to spend a hundred thousand in means of demon strable utility. If, then, we aro to be successful in obtaining labour from the western coast of Africa, we mast Snit inhale some of the courage of the slave trader. We must be bold enough to adopt the means necessary to get at it ; to take labour whence we can procure it; to follow the slave trader to his port of lading ; to purchase there the permission of the chief, just as we purchase their assent to slave trade treaties they cannot read and do not comprehend ; to plant blockhouses at spots whence labour can be obtained, as the French are doing for merely commercial pur poses at various places along the coast ; and to keep up an extensive emigration service both on the coast and between it and the West Indies. In fact, to set seriously about, and not, as at present, to play and trifle with, the task. If government have faith in the competency of free labour in the West Indies to suppress the slave trade, surely no effort to promote emigra tion thither ought to be considered too great. If it have not faith, it is only tantalising and delud ing the West Indies by the feeble halting steps it has already taken. At Sierra Leone, whence alone emi gration has hitherto been permitted, no man believes that the home government is in earnest; and to this belief, and to the incompetence of the persons ap pointed to superintend such emigration as has taken place, and to the hostility of the local government (which owes its existence to Sierra Leone, being a depot for liberated Africans), the comparative slack ness of emigration is mainly attributable. But let the imperial government proclaim at Sierra Leone, and at other British possessions, and at the great slave exporting places along the coast, their recommenda tion to emigrate, and let proper persons be appointed 'to conduct and direct emigration, and, there is no second opinion amongst competent persons, it will flow as freely, as justice to the West Indies and the cause of humanity demand. THE upshot of our intervention in Portugal is really very untoward and disgraceful. That unfortunate kingdom was thrown into convulsions by the rapacity, corruption, and despotic rale of the CABRAL.% The greater part of the noblesse, the Cortes, and the civic population, rose against this. Half the army and its generals joined the insurrection, which induced the court to invoke English succours. They were granted, on the condition of restoring liberal and constitutional government. A British fleet in the Tagus, with its guns enfilading the streets of Lisbon, and another squadron blockading and cap taring the forces and fortresses of the insurgents, restored the Queen to power. To what use has she turned this timely aid and intervention ? To a restoration of the CADRA LB,—to the re-establishment of the same men, the same sys tem, and the same influence, which excited the insur rection. Had the court of Portugal been actuated by any spirit of fairness, or by a spark of liberal spirit, it would have at least preferred SALDANLIA to CA nut, and fostered a party of the moderates. Instead of this, it has flung its influence into the scale of the two extremes. The Nli,guelites, who formerly abetted the insurrection now take part with the court, and with precisely the same view of disorganising the constitution, and undermining the dynasty founded on it. But on such elements has CABRAL based his new grasp of power. Sir HAMILTON SEYMOUR strikes us as having been most horribly bamboozled. He sacrificed the old policy of England in Portugal, and flung off all its liberal connexions and interests, in order to gratify the court, and now that court treats him and 11.,.. THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 29, 1847. his counsels with the contempt and mockery that he deserves. citadel of Reggio when it surrendered to the insur gents, was to be brought to trial. The King was at Sat induced to pardon him, in consideration of his good previous life, and the supplications of his family. Obeyrng the councils of General Filangieri, Prince de Fratriano, he however recalled this decision. The troops maintained in the provinces amount to 40,000 men. The Neapolitan squadron is kept continually ready for sea. The officers are ordered to sleep on board. The Count d'Acquila, the king's brother, sleeps habitually on board a steam frigate, which is always ready to saiL The journals and correspondence of Rome are filled with reports of the popular demonstrations produced by the announcement of the establishment of a council of state. The trial of the l'rinee of Canino was ex pected soon to come before the tribunals. The prince had charged M. Onerrazzi, of Leghorn, with his de fence. Letters from Bologna of the 18th say that the Mar quis Polenziani and M. Gennorielli, who had been sent by the Pope to that city to present his bust to the municipality, and the Marquis Coastabili, commander of the civic guard at Ferrara, having desired to visit Venice, were stopped on the frontier by the Austrian authorities. This was justly considered a measure intended to mark the hostility of Austria to Rome. The Nuremberg Correspondent, under the date of Rome, 14th, says:— In the first days of the month of November will be held a consistory, in which the Pope will name several cardinals. Monsig. Fornari, Pope's Nuncio at Par ate to be replaced by Monsig. Morichini. When the assembly of the notables takes place, government will present the budget to them, which has been drawn up by Count Pietro Ferretti, brother to the Cardinal Secretary of State. Convents and monasteries are to pay 500,000 scuds per annum to defray the expenses of the state. The celebrated Ciceroaceltio is now travelling through the provinces. He is everywhere received with de monstrations of joy, and banquets are offered him, when the notabilities of every place eagerly attend. Letters from Florence of the 19th, represent the agitation in Tuscany, arising from the consequences of the annexation of Lucca, to be extreme. NI e have already mentioned the transfer of the districts of I'ontremoli and Fivizzano from Tuscany to Modena, which follows the acquisition of Lucca by the for mer under the treaty of Vienna. The people of these places are in the highest state of exasperation, and their excitement is shared by the entire population of Tuscany. The Grand Duke is reported to have endeavoured to effect an arrangement by giving an indemnity to the Duke of Modena, but without suc cess. The population of the districts in ques tion threaten to resist to the death, and in extreme necessity to emigrate en masse. The spirit of reform meanwhile heue manifested it self in the duchy of Modena, where reforms in public instruction, the civil and criminal laws, and the press, are loudly insisted on. The Alba, of Florence, states, from private correspondence, that warlike prepara tions are in progress at Modena. Breseello is in a complete state of defence. Three cannons have been sent to Reggio, and accommodations are preparing for a numerous body of Austrian troops, who appear to be shortly expected there. Our Paris despatches of Wednesday have arrived. The opposition journals continue to be filled with re ports of the reform banquets. One of these demon strations on the usual scale took place at Chartres on the 24th, attended by 500 guests. M. de Lamartine Manes from day to day manifestoes on the domestic and foreign affairs of France, which occupy a large space in the journals, but would have little interest out of France. sent by the Swiss Diet to , . . attempt to effect a pacific arrangement with the recu • slat cantons, were, as has been stated, received with formal politeness by the cantonal authorities, to whom they addressed their remonstrances, and received for answer that the deputies of the respective cantons at the diet had full instructions and powers to act and vote in all matters affecting the relations of the cantonal to the federal government, and to these deputies the commissioners were accordingly referred. The com missioners had already returned from several of the cantons, on the 23rd, and were hourly expected from others. This result was only what was expected. The diet accomplished nothing by the proceeding, except to afford further evidence of its desire to effect a pacific adjustment of the schism which has unfor tunately arisen in the confederacy. Military prepa rations were continued. Colonels Zeigler, Roark hart, l)onatz, Rilliet Constant, and Gmur, were ap pointed by General-in-Chief Ilumoin to be chefs of division. The funds belonging to the federal trea sury. being deposited in equal proportions at Berne, Zurich, and Lucerne, the capitals of the three direct ing cantons, one third (that deposited at Lucerne) will be withheld from the government, and no doubt appropriated to the purposes of the Sonderbund. The sum thus diverted to the purposes of the league amounts to about forty thousand pounds. It is reported that the league is also supplied with funds by Austria, and that it is no stranger to the secret-service money of France. One of the Paris journals affirms that a collective note has been remitted to the Vorort by the repre sentatives of Austria, Russia, and Prussia, disapproving of the decrees of the diet, and that a separate note to the same eff ct has been sent from M. Guizot. It is added, that these ministers have orders to leave Swit zerland when hostilities commence. This has already been stated as likely to take place. The diet has ordered 60,000 men to be instantly put on a war footing, to consist of five divisions and ten brigades. Under the date of Berne, the 24th, the Journal des Dlbats gives the announcement that Gen. Dufour, who had accepted the command-in-chief of the federal army, had unexpectedly resigned. The following is the report of the result of the affair of the British minister, according to the same authority: Mr. Peel vainly waited during the evening of the 21st for the reparation which he bad demanded. On the 22.nd, M. Punch waited on him in plain clothes to offer reparation. But as he only presented himself in the name and as the representative of the canton of Berne, Mr. Peel refused to receive him in that quality. Ile afterwards told him per sonally that he could not accept the excuses which he ex pected, unless they were made by the President or the Vice- President of the Vorort, or at least by two of its members. A little while after, a letter of apology was remitted to him in the name of the Vorort; but Mr. l'eel declared that it was not sufficient, though he kept it. At length M. Punch, Vice- President of the Vorort, presented himself in official costume, and was admitted to Mr. Peel, followed by his huisvier. Mr. Peel received him in nnikrra, having the secretary of the lation by his side. M. Punch told him that he de plored the accident of which he had to complain, and that be begged of him to accept the excuses of the Vorort. A correspondent of La Prase, writing from Berne on the 23rd, save that the malle-poste of the Simplon has been seized in the Valais, on the ground that it belonged to a Vaudois company. The Council of State of Friburg published on the 122nd a proclamation, addressed to the people of the canton, in reference to the decrees of the diet. The Gazelle de la Suisse Calholique publishes the resolution come to by the authorities of Lucerne on the subject of the reception to be given to the com missioners front the Diet, and further says, that the citizens of the canton who may have distributed the proclamation shall be arrested and tried on a criminal prosecution. It was known at Berne, in the evening of the 23rd, that at Lucerne and Friburg the federal representatives had been received in conformity with the programme. There is reason to believe that the same will be done in all the cantons of the Sender blind, except Zug. MADRID, OCT. 22 The supposed motive of the arrest of the bass singer at the Circa will have been sufficient to show the importance which this fact must assume under more than one point of view. The progresista papers, in considering this subject, have only looked at the matter on one side, as affecting the liberty of the subject. Certainly that is important, the more so as there is no reason to suppose that such situations as are said to have caused the arrest of Senor Minn, may not occur again, and that frequently. But clearly, there is another side to this question vastly more important than the fact of a linger having been handed out of his lodging into a coach by some alguazila and sent off to Valencia. It is this--Is Spain to be governed by a base singer of the Circa? Is an actor taken from the public stage to set up and to pull down ministers at pleasure ? Is he to be allowed to charge his friend the tenor with the portfolio of finance, and to make the soprano camaren mayor ? Are good legs, a deep chest, and sonorous voice sufficient qualif4 cations, without more, for governing fourteen millions of people as despotically as the Sultan or the Czar rule the Turk and Muscovite ? If it be admitted that such power cannot be safely delegated to such hands, then it becomes necessary to guard against the contingency of such a mischief, the pos sibility of which seems to be inferable from the seven months' sway of Serrano, and from the circumstances which are said to have led to Minll's deportation. Ono of the most obvious remedies is to bar access to the post which seems to invest its occupant with such extraordinary influence in the state, that is, to make the occupation of that post a punishable crime. But this is clearly a mere palliative. The only true and effective cure for such a deplorable state of things, is to lift the parliament into its proper place in respect of the crown ; to give the representative institutions of the country their duo development; to organise an electoral system that will make the cosies a truer representation than it is at present of the opinions of the country; to make the fate of the ministry dependent no less upon the majority it commands in the chambers than upon the royal will, which at present seems to deal with cabinets without any regard to the breadth of the only legi timate base upon which they can stand in a country pew sassing even the mockery of representative institutions. IVe have had the ministries of Pacheco and Ooyena lately as a proof of this, neither of which could have commanded 30 votes in the Cortes. The weak point of the present ministry is that it dares not accept the challenge of the progresistas to dissolve congress, and therefore eaneot be said fairly to represent the state of public opinion. It is only by giving to this same public opinion its proper influence in the management of the state that the ruinous results of the anarchy bred by palace intrigues, and the ineradicable die. orders bequeathed to the country by eamardla administration, can be guarded against. The pro gresistas would probably have taken a more statesmanlike view of Mirall's case if they did not entertain the notion that the Queen, leR to her own impulses, would choose her advisers from their party ; and, therefore, they are perhaps shy of examining what effects may flow from an unlimited exercise of royal caprice. The Queen is a child of IL She loves pleasure, and, in all probability, does not trouble her head much about politics. She has many excellent natural endow ments, and has displayed occasionally much energy. But the firmness of which she has given proof in one or two instances is not of that kind which resists the influences which immediately surround her. Certain it is, that whether from tho tenderness of her age, or from some other cause, the Queen shows herself extremely docile in the hands of those who immediately surround her. It follows that thole who count upon the steadiness of inclinations of which she may at some former period have given signs are likely to suffer severe disappointments. At the present mo ment Narver% suits the humour of tke Queen very well as minister. There is no reason to think that in the space of week, supposing that some sudden change should lead to his elevation, Olozaga might not stand equally high in her favour. The changes which Nanaez is effecting in the servidumbre of the court seemed to be based upon this knowledge. It is visible that he is bent upon hedging the Queen with his own creatures, in such a manner as to exclude all rivalry as much as possible. The progresistas very naturally complain of this ; but if they were in power it may be supposed that they would not neglect the same precaution. To return to Senor Mirall : It is said that this actor was arrested at 10 o'clock on Tuesday nigkt, at his lodging, and that he is now in confinement at Valencia. The Ileraldo says, that, according to its information, the government had nothing whatever to do with his street and deportation, a statement which adds to the mystery of the affair. It appears that the noise made about the clandestine issue of Three per Cent. stock, and inanimation in the destination of the same, has produced the restitution of bonds to the amount of 40 millions of reals to the treasury of the royal I household. The Neapolitan government surrounds the affairs of that country with obscurity, and stops all the legi timate channels for the flow of political news to and from its territory. We are told by the semi-official journals of the French government, which at least enjoy the advantages of the information supplied through the Hotel des Affaires Etrangires, that not withstanding all the reports of insurrection and terror that have been propagated for some months, the king dom of the Two Sicilies " enjoys the greatest tran quillity, and the reports to the contrary which are circulated have not the slightest foun dation." It is admitted that in the Cala brias, as often occurs there, there are forty or fifty brigands still at large, and that this handful of ruf fians has been swelled by the imagination of those who supply news to the journals of France into an extensive insurrection, which triumphs over the Royal troops. Such is the announcement of the Journal des Debats oil 'Wednesday. It was so recently as the 12th inst. that the same journal gave the gra tifying, though somewhat startling, intelligence, that the King of Naples, "deeply sensible of the deplorable catastrophes which disturbed his kingdom, and duly appreciating the glorious movement impressed on Italian politics by Pius IX., had resolved thenceforward to yield to pubc opinion, and to exercise the noblest prerogative of royalty— clemency." This was alleged to be given on authority in which the organ of the Hotel des Affaires Etraneres had " the most perfect confidence." On the 16th, four days afterwards, the same journal gave in its columns a proclamation in which the same government offered a reward of 300 ducats for the murder (such was the word) of each of a certain sub joined list of Neapolitan subjects, who were charged with joining the insurrection. The proclamation, however, did not designate them as " brigands," and, if it did, the names subjoined would have contra dicted it. We hear no more now of the sympathy of King Ferdinand with Pius IX., nor of his deep sense of the necessity for reform, nor of his noble exercise of clemency. It is to the credit, however, of his subjects that not an individual has been reported as sufficiently base to be incited to assassination by the blood-money offered by this liberal, noble, and clement sovereign, so admired by M. Claizot; and his organs of the press. Notwithatanding the favourable assurances which the semi-official journals of Paris receive as to the condition of the kingdom of the Two Sicilies, advices arrived from Naples, dated the 17th, report that the King is obstinate in his resistance, in which he is encouraged by Austria and Russia. The British fleet was expected daily, greatly to the annoyance of the King, who had ordered the ships of his own little navy to return to Naples. Letters from Naples of the 19th, published in the Nourelliste, of Marseilles, say that innumerable clan destine publications are printed and circulated, in spite of all the vigilance and rigour of the police. The following manifesto, addressed to the army, has just been distributed : THE NEAPOLITAN PEOPLE TO THE A.RNT.—Soldiers,— The sacrilegious war to which you are excited draws down upon you the curses of every nation of Europe. Do you think the generous citizen' who were the firm to utter the cry of liberty at Messina and Reggio, which was imme diately repeated by the echoes or the mountains of Calabria, are the enemies of the throne and the alti. , 7 Ile you are made to believe by some of those infamous chiefs who prefer the sad favours of a government still more Infamous ihan they, to their honour—to their country ? No ! the noble chiefs of this holy imurrection—and with them all thee° adherents who have received them with enthusiasm—do not desire to see the debasement of religion; they understand it such as the immortal Pius IX. practises and propagates it, purified from its errors and abuses, and harmonising with the wants of our country. Nor are the generous Sicilians and their brethren of Calabria, enemies to royalty, but they desire to see its rigours tempered by those institutions which can alone afford true guarantees to the citizens from governors. Soldiers! the constitution guarantees the rights of all, even yours! A constitutional monarchy is the only one which now suits a civilised nation. Let your cries respond to ours ! Long live the constitution ! And you will have deserved well of your country and of your brethren. Remember that you were citizens before you became soldiers. Consider that ' if you persevere in the fatal path which you have been driven into by mad chiefs, you will draw down upon your selves the anathemas and the contempt of every free people, for you will have lent your aid to rivet the chains of one part of Italy, while the other will be blooming beneath the rays of the sun of liberty. The General Prince d'Aci, who commanded the The varnish of legality which Salamanca pretends to give to the transaction will not stand the test of examination. The arrears of the royal household, although represented by unsatisfied treasury bills (libranzae, rather, the nature of which I explained yesterday), are entirely similar to the arrears of the active and passive classes, and other claims of state creditors, and could not be converted without violation of the law, which only admits the conver sion of the libranzas proceeding from contracts. Neither could such libranzas be declared centralisable, because the law of A 14, 1841, which created this clam of debt (the floating deb ug. t) extends only to effects proceeding from con tracts anterior to Nov. 1, 1840. Otherwise, the arrears of pay in general might have been converted. The proof of the illegality is that such a conversion had never been attempted until Senor Salamanca undertook the present one. Another illegality of the operation is, that the law of Feb. 1 14, 1845, fixes the term of four months from that date for the presentation of all the credits allowed to be converted; whereas the present is sought to be converted after the lapse of more than 21 years. We shall hear more about this matter in the Cortes. The elections of ayuntaraientos,aad the partial elections for filling the vacant seats in the Cortes, are on the eve of being held. HOLLAND.—THE HAGUE, Ocr. 26.--SrAro C Z: , : TRAL,—RTPLY TO THE SPEECH FROM THE THHOMII. th4indteah,yebe'sithingttieng of th ai e r "‘ de lle'' r t; o - f l th le. e "h; d lm a y y be , C ea rf l "f tl inn e;""lchB d ta er tea disussi emneral o th n e : It is en exact counterpart of the speech from the throne, tad need not be given here. After a lengthened discussion on some of the paragraphs the debate was adjourned. PRUSSIA.—MINDEN, Ocr. 17.—The Cologne Railway between this city and Hanover, which was opened only a few days ago, was this day the scene of a sad accident. Two trains, one coming from Hanover and the other from Cologne, ran against each other before it was possible for the conductors to stop the engines, end to avert the danger of their being dashed to pieces. One of the engines and several of the carriages were crushed, and 32 of the passengers were wounded,—some of them most severely ; 14 of them were carried to the inn at Minden. Judicial proceedings have been commenced against the condemner. TILE ItAJAII OP SARAWAK.—The journal• of the Rajah of Saniwak have been intrusted to Captains Rodney, Mundy, and the lion. H. Keppel for immediate publication. The recent expedition of the Iris to Borneo and Labum will forma supplement to the forthcoming work. AMERICA AND MEXICO. The Hibernia, Capt. Kyrie, arrived at Liverpool yesterday morning, with dates from New York of the 15th, Boston 16th, and Halifax 17th Oct. She has brought 12,000!. in specie. The news from the seat of the war is exceedingly confused. The Americans themselves are evidently alarmed, and place come credence in a report which had reached New York, that General Scott had been obliged to abandon Mexico. But as the American accounts have all been intercepted, it is evident that all intelligence must be somewhat apocryphal, and require confirmation. The news of the abandonment of Mexico is given in a letter received from Tampico, by a Spanish house in New York, dated the 25th of September. This letter says that news had been received from the capital which announced the taking of Chapultepec by General Scott, who the same day attacked the capital by the garitas of San Comte and Nino Perdido. He succeeded in routing the forces of Santa Anna,who fell back upon Guadaloupe. Then General Scott took possession of the citadel, and immediately sent 1,500 men with four pieces of artil lery to the plaza of the palace. They immediately occupied the palace, blowing clown the doors with their artillery; but the buzzes with which they planted their national flag caused an insurrection among the populace, and in their fury they in a mo. ment despatched the 1,500 Americans. When Santa Anna was made acquainted with this occurrence, he immediately returned with 10,000 men and 25 pieces of artillery; everything, according to the latest ac counts, being in confusion in the capital. Another account, which appears in the Arro Iris of Vera Cruz, of the 26th of September, says that immediately after Santa Anna abandoned the capital, and as soon as the populace felt them selves relieved from the restraint of his bayonets, the Leperoa commenced tho work of sacking the city, plundering the houses of citizens as well as to- reigners, and committing all epeeists of excesses. During this pillaging, these accounts say that a divi sion of the American army entered the city to restore order—verbal accounts say that their aid had been solicited by the magistrates. A conflict ensued be• tween these troops and the rabble, in which some say the whole division was cut off, while others say one portion was driven back to the gates and the leitadel, and another took refuge in the convent of San Francisco, abandoning two pieces of artillery to the Pperos. The accounts go on to say that General Scott was then compelled to bombard the city from the citadel and other commanding points to reduce it to subjection. It is ascertained that when Santa Anna retired to Guadaloupe, he did so with 10,000 men and 25 pieces of artillery. The Genius of Liberty, a new journal esta blished at Vera Cruz, gives a different account of the entrance of General Scott into Mexico from that previously received. It would appear that, after the capture of Chapultepec on the 13th, and after General Scott had attacked Mexico, the Mexicans, having repulsed the forces under General Scott, dreading a bombardment, and being anxious to avoid the horrors attendant upon assault, concluded to surrender the city, the government and the forces under Santa Anna retiring to Guadeloupe. General Scott entered the capital on the 15th ult. On the 14th, Alcorta had addressed the following cir cular to all the commandant-generals of departments, giving an account of the attack on Mexico, and the resolution come to of abandoning it : After the important and great eventa that have yesterday taken place, there remains no ether alternative to the government of the union, than that of abandoning the capital, in otter that other mean. be adopted and pursued for the harassing of the enemy. Accord ingly-, his excellenev orders me to Inform you, in order that through you, the honourable cm sena of the state over which you preside, may know it, that his excellency is firmly resolved to prosecute mili tary operation. against the Invaderss. AM that whatever be toe con sequences re.ulting from the war, his excellency is determined to wage it in every possible manner, and by every attainable mans. An heroic resistance Ira. mask in the capital fee the space of sin days, but at length the enemy mtablithed himself in places and positions from which his mbeilte ' and projectiles could reach the peaceful thousands of the city; then the supreme government, seeing the Mote of affairs to be such as warranted their departure, changed their abode; and very soon I will have the pleasure of announcing to your excellency the site upon which it will flu, which at pierent is impomible for me to do, a it moompsutice the army, and as yet is net agreed upon the re. sidenee of the supreme power of the nation. But a. soon as the latter is known, I will give your excellency a detailed account of everything that bas occurred, but now I shall confine myself to the single following madman : The American army charged yesterday t daylight with all its force upon Chapultepec, which, after a spirited defence of six bourn, yielded at laid to the attacks of the enemy, who immediately niscrehal to take perseerion of a fortification situ ated between the sentry-box of lichen nod St. Thomas, Ft. Como and the citadel. The first advance was checked by the troops his excellency the President led up, disputing the ground Inch by inch, till finally the invader was routed from the citadel. after Rive hours' hard fightimt. The capital being in this minutiae, bleu...enemy was anxious to avoid a bombardment, and to spare th e tumult and con (alien attendant upon an assault, which would have given room for a thousand calamities and a repetition of there acts in which the army of the for has manifested so Latinate° a spirit of extermination- Hie excellency the PresicEnt of the republic hopes that your excellency will endeavour to preserve and reanimate the public spirit, in order that the war may be carried on with that vigour and energy which the national honour and the rights of the republic or imperiously demand.—Ateorrs !Basta . of War and Marine.—Guadaloupe 111- dalgo, Sept. 14, 1811. - - . . . . Beyond dispute, the most satisfactory feature in the news touches the loss sustained in the recent actions by the army of Gen. Scott, and its present position. There is ample ground, says the Picayune of Oct. ,5, on which to deny the painful reports brought by the James L. Day, of the deaths of distinguished Amer ican general officers. Our information is positive that Gen. Smith has not been slain, but that he has anew covered himself with glory. Gen. Worth has been appointed governor of the city of Mexico (?), and was acting as such as late as the 24th of September, letters of which date have been received by commercial houses at Tam pico. We have not been able to learn anything defi nite of Gen. Pillow and his wounds, but from the total silence of letters in regard to him which make men tion of our losses, we arc persuaded that he has not been killed, and we hope not wounded. We cannot learn that either Gen. Worth or Gen. Smith have been wounded, hut Major Capers, an intimate personal friend of Gen. Worth, who came passenger on the Alabama, is entirely satisfied of Gen. Worth's safety. The accounts from Tampico confirm the death of Gen. Bravo, killed fighting bravely, but the report that Santa Anna was wounded is discredited. In direct contradiction to the facts stated above is that stated by La l'atria, of New Orleans; namely, that Santa Anna had resigned the presidency. This journal says that the instrument of resignation is dated from Guadeloupe, Sept.l6. Senor Pena y Pena, on whom, with two associates, supreme power had devolved till congress made en election, was President of the Supreme Court of Justice. Another amount, indeed, goes so far as to state that Santa Anna had resumed power at the demand of the people. This, however, was little credited. La Patricia letters also say that Gen. Her rera was in command of the army, and would proceed with 14,000 to station himself at Queretaro, where it was intended that the Mexican congress should re-assemble. Other rumours say that Santa Anna had moved towards Puebla with 2,000 horse, and that Paredes was raising troops with some success in the great state of Jalisco. It was reported that General Quitman was on his way down to Vera Craz, with despatches and four thousand men. One of La Patria'a rumours is that General Res had entered Puebla with 600 men, and that the Ame rican commandant had been compelled to bombard the town from the heights at which he commands it. This wanted confirmation. A letter from an officer at Jalapa, dated Sept. 8, says, everything remains quiet here—no alarms of . any kind. I have never seen a more orderly Mexican city. The health of the co , . 44 and is improving fast. The wounded officers are oing very well, and will soon be able to be moved. Major Lally, commanding, WY wounded in the neck at Lasanimas; he has, how ever, assumed command again. The views of Major Lally, respecting . the re-occu wcy o r Al va, L i .: been long anticipated by the War Department, and as Arlo :`2. August 12 instruc tions were despatched by the Autani.- I :ieneral to Col. Wilson, commanding at Vera cruz, to inic:tuise and send forward, with all expedition, a competent force for the re-occupancy of that city. The instruc tions also suggested the holding of the National Bridge and Cerro Gordo. The measures thus taken by the War Department to open the communication from this end of the line were likely to prove suc cessful. Col. Hughes had taken the National Bridge, AA will appear from the following letter, dated Puente Nacional, Sept. 13 : On the 6th w loft Vera Ceos with Ave • of ow oumpeay of the 11th, owl ow of Ow 121 k Wiry, two lat plo t eet artillery i r si a m b r out 100 wrimbod Wee. urger Corkeel 111 LO Ir. t een 07t e tir . Mdets I:l7';:mish es 01l the Ws eesied area stem ha L im where we lw • lorrot of rekb. • lot le ewer mu About S Par sat date' Ale vied the eeleleatekreee allot " R~S De/4 yea the MVO eremil wit& itte may yea wen In lupe eimeem let ere semi the Wipe sad sMeeel She town without notestatica. As we Meted men soresia6 jest se the rear guard left the town, sewn! shots were fired at us without effect, and • few allots we returned made them moor. On this day's Mardi the heat was to int.., that many of the men gave out, and we had determined to halt, when we perceived the heights covered with the enemy, who commenced firing. We advanced open them and they fled, and we then encamped upon the heights about two miles from this place. The next day, the 9th, we started, and soon ma the forts and the men'e heals above the ramparts. e planted oat gapg within six hundred W yards of the fort but soon found them * e x, mg for oar artillery, so we determ ined to carry the fart by bayeMet. Cul. ifitithes thee ordered Major Kettle, to turn the left a the hill and take the enemy in reverse. lie took Barry's, Oahe" end Brown's companieco with 30 dismounted drago.., end h es t s , thrown off lacketa, lesipracks, and all but cartridge hones and can. teen" we maned to climb the bill. After three hour: of great phy. eloal effort, climbing up precipices by holding onto the roots °Nets and hanging vines, we reach.: the crest. Here we breathed a little and dashed into the fort. But the enemy, who had perceived so, had fled, and three cheers announced to those below our poisession of the place. The whole of Gen. Cushing's brigade, on its way to Gen. Scott's line, bad arrived at Palo Alto. The brigade was reported to be in good health. The New York Herald on the subject of the war Says : The rumour. from the seat of war are certainly alarming, and e they are founded on truth our gallant little army la indeed in a DM carious altuation. If Stott has been forced to atimislon te e ee p, se i . represented, the moral effect which lt will bare no 11,e enemy will be fatal to an early peace. It will induce him to protonic the at. orle, with the hope, yam though it 100, that he I. able to unimatcly drive as from his territory. There no use, however, in entering into speculation" with nothing but rumour as a basis. We wait with anxiety for the arrival of additional news, which may reach us today or to-morrow, direct from the capital, and of such a character as we can piaec dependence on. The English courier was expected to reach Vera Cr. on the 30th sit , with dates from the capital to the &Kb, so that we expect the new, hourly. The commercial intelligence does not offer any point of peculiarity: The country (nye the Courier and Enquirer) Ls quiet, promeroue, and little count by war or by the commercial calamiti. England. The Hibernia, which reached here on the 31,1 inn., Mot. rated our mercantile community by the record of new and huge die &storm In England: but the damage was far less than :he fright: and the affalnc, both of our banks and of We business men, are Kok and with= reach. We are round and prosperous; rind, niorewer, able to lee without being severely affected by it, much more than. in an y probability, will be kat. The revival ccf the price of bread .tali, in England, lndiotted by the Hibernia, gine renew, - d enorcura,rearent to our agriculturist., and haring made pales at good prices La-: year, they. In consequence, arc the better able to hold bark the crop of tau i year, for—a. they flatter themselves—higher rata in the -King.. The first result of this calculation, is, that our reisne• for the last few weeks have been very light, and the demand for bone consuls. lion being .toady, price. have gone up somewhat, and ase far above the limits of mat orders from the other side, or the VIPIC, of cond. I dente shippers. thence, the total quantity of flour shipped la Great Britain from this port in the last six weeka does not much exceed 19,00 brie., and this, notwithstanding freight& were low and ex. change advancing. Of this 19,000 brie., moreover, more than 16,007 were billeted before tire 25th of September, leaving bi.t about 3,000 brie. so the shipments of the last three weeks. The crop of corn ie nu. made in the Cnitad sute,, and all accounts oancur in representing it as stificrabundatit—there i-, therefore, m the country, to lie over moot of it till next spring, an immense sur plus of wheat and corn. Of the potatoes the women; are my dlaconntaing —the disease ay pears to attack the root this year, after it Ls housed, When dog, the potatoes seem fair and sound, but soon after below laid away, the rot appears among them and makes rapid ravages. The c rosislint is neral in most of the states which raise potatoes largely —and if the disease should run the same comae in Europe, there will be a steady demand for our 'Wien men. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. New Yoatlt, L - r he r tend. tog downwards. Bills on London range from 9to 91, tie la , : being dincult to obtain. Flank of England notes to a con-u:. ,meant were mid at rates varying from 9to 91 and 91. On Pare, MR. mind 5.23. The next name packet for Havre will carry not from 150,000 dol.. to 200.990 dots. ia Myer. some Mesh an, mootly French. There is leas doing in exchange for this packet than by reason in part of the nearness of the next ',Learner from England. r,w eleven days oat and the apprehension that she may bring tiding. of addi tional failure.. This apprehension prevent., it is probau:e. the oiler. log of many bills in the market, which the parties here aic not wdliag to negotiate. until they hare the insurance by the next packet, that their conctituents on the other side stand. The last futtnight that has elapsed hat witurnsed a considerable fall in our stack market, as the &owned comparatiretable of some of the chief !locks will snow: Prlcesion Sept. 30. Prices on Oct. 15. Treasury notes 1 11, I i prem. Ohio G's Keatueliy G's Penile .s's Indiana bonds Reading bonds Reeding stock Illinola special 421. 121, " 13C.. The tatter overthrow of any near prospec. t of lean w.i' taciant to the great fall in Treasury Nato.; while the slight il^t!ine in Ohio, and the larger decline in Pennsylvania, may be accounted farm part by the stock pressed upon the market, ar• well from abluel as from some of the neighbouring cities which had fallen in debt to New York, and did not care about bethgcalled upon to pay up in pperte. New Tone, Oc - r. 14.-The market for flour continued steady at the late improvement, and under a regular demand for the Emit, the market closed tolerable firm at yesterday's quo:ulna. There was said to be some scarcity in kutern vessels, in toti.equessee of which sates were rather limited. The smashes of en: • Mat con. tinned light and the market firm, with moderate sales at full priced. Corn was firmer, and oaks were made at a slight advance on tester. des 's prime. Rye and oats remained about the mane. There nu something more doing in pork, I articular' of which Nt ill be found be. low. There was a fair amount of business doing In coffee and sugar, without material change in prima. BRIALR.II,I N.-Flour : Garth( the forenoon and the earlr part of Thaw, sales of 5,000 to 0,000 barrels, in separate lots, we're made, consisting chiefly of new and froth ground Genessee, at 0 dole- 371 x. to 6 dol.. Pc. During 'Change mall oda continued to lo made at the same 110rie.n. inehellng some 1,200 brls.fsecybrands a: 5 d015.75e. to 7 dole.; 1,00 do. Oswego new were mild at f dole. 4 , k., and 300 do. Akron, Ohio, ex•ra, at 7 don.; Southern was tiros, and good sew Georgetown and Baltimore bran ds were held ut 6 dole. 50c.; aIM of our soil at G dole. 50e. to 0 dol.. 021 e. Wheat • A small We of 300 bushes western red was made at 1 dol. 30c 1,000 do. Ohio mixed were made at the PAMe price and 1,500 to 1,000 bashets western damaged or musty red at I del. 10e. Corn: Sales of 10,000 to 15,000 bushels were m o le in the coarse of the forenoon and diving 'Change at 72c. for western mind, and 75c. for good yellow; 2,001 do. New Orleans eligliCy damn sold at 701 e. The market closed firm. Meal :.Cabs of bele. good New York were made at 3 dole. 121 e. Rye continued firm at Sk. to are., the selling price+ of yesterday. Oat• exhibited souse increased degree of firmness, and good canal wen held at sfe. Cos - res.-Mk soles to.day amounted to 1,000 bake; price+ am steady, and the market is well eau plied by holden. Oct. IS, 12 o'clock, M.-Corros.-There appears to be but lade animation In the market; the sales, thus far today, do not cured SOO bake. Should the present cold weather extend to the south, holders will decline selling at present rate& We qt• ate : Uplands Sr Florida. Yob. &N. Orleans. Inferior none. Sc. to e. Ord. to good ordSi r. 10c. 9is- to & Mid. to good mid , Mid. fair to fair . -. . 1 e. to 11 e. 11 e. to 11 & Puny fair to goodilsk Pine Pthen.-The recipe' yeslerday were neark all sold precious to arrival; the market Year, Sens at 6,50 dole. for new Michigan, Ge. name, ece. Extra limas are in demand at 7 dots. ; 1,000 leis. Hiram Smith' brought 7,23 shis. • Southern Flour is firm amt in fair request at 0,56 dole. Is ; Meal stea dy at 3to 3,25 slob. for Western, and 3,23 to 3,75 dole. far Jerky and Brandywine. sides of yellow flat Corn have born made at 75e. ; mixed lots range from • 2e. to 73e. PROVIIII.I. we Inectice. Men Pork, 14 dots. 2k. to II dols. 3704 Prime, 10 dots. 30c. Lard le in fair request at 1016. to lice., in brio. and keg t, Cheese, 61e. to 71c. Ferman. --The rates 0/freight are, to Liverpool, f. - r Cotton, 1.0 to 3-16 d. per lb. . • Flour and Turpentine, Is. 3d. to Is. 6d. per bed. • Grain, Gd. to 7d. per bushel. To London, 2s. 6d. per bet, for Flour, and other articles in proportion. To Havre, for Cotton, id. per lb. ; Flour, 70 cents per ML ; Ashes, S dols. to 10 dole. per ton; Rioe, 10 dna per ton. ALBANY, Ocr. 14.-Flour: the market war firm, 6 dole. 370. to 6 dole. 437 e. to 0 slobs. 50c. asked ; tales were light. Wheat No sales of moment were reported, while the market continued firm. Coen Sales of 5,000 Mohan were made, =misting of mined, at 72e., and of good round yellow at 74e. Barley : Sales of about 5,000 bushels were made at 7k. to 74c. Whisky continues firm. Receipts by canal daring the preceding 21 hours were as (Mows flour. 12,100 Mk; men, 13,300 bushels; barley, 10,600 bushels. Freights: No alteration. •••••.-• •••••••• BOSTON, OCT. 14.—Flour : The market continued firm, and Wes of 3,000 brie. were node, consisting of good Western. Genesee, and Southern new and fresh ground brands at a dols. 15:. to data. 074 e. -Corn: The market cootinurd Ore,, and aides sf about 10,000 bemets were made, =Mating of mined and i 4e., and :of good yellow at 73e. Oat.: Bales of 3,000 bushels were made at 54e. Itye was Oren. Provisions ablbited little change, and We of pock were light. We note sales of about 500 bete. old mow beef at 12 dots. Good lard was held at 12 c. In kegs. Lead was held at i dols. 42 In freights, rates were about the same. TO LORD HOWDEN, CHARGED WITH THE ARRANGEMENT OF TIM RIVER PLATE QUESTION. Monte Video, July 19, 1847. MY LORD,—I presume that in your capacity as a British peer, you cannot wonder that I, in mine as a public writer, should address you this letter relative to acts, both public and official, connected with the mission which brought you to the river Plate. You belong, my lord, to a country where the press exercises the most elevated ministry that 6 known ; where commerce and the aristocracy, prince. and the parliament, the church and state, are alike subject to that omnipotent jurisdiction, whether it be exercised in the grave and severe tribunal of Junius, or on the popular bench of the no less implacable Punch. For these reasons, it ought not to appear strange to you, my lord, that I should discuss with you documents which bear your signature, and which are already in possession of the public. The official note. which you addressed to Commodore Sir Thomas Herbert, under date of 15th inst., and which I publish together with this letter, expreses the immediate and ostensible metiers which induced you to adopt the important resolution of to tally separating the policy and action of your government, from the action and policy of the French, in the Plate ques tion. Those motives, my lord, are insufficient, are bad. Permit me to demonstrate to you the fact. On find ing you transcribe literally a paragraph from your instruction'', it would be supposed that you quoted it to bear you out in the grave measure you thought proper to adopt. Such is not, however, the case. The paragraph which you copy does not contain, nor do you give it, the slightest connexion with the raising of the blockade, nor with the retirement of Great Britain from the intervention. You have cited it merely to justify the act of your having addressed Don Manuel Oribe with proposals for an armistice. But an armistice, my lord, is always, and under all circumstances, a convention of a simply military character. Therefore, even though your instructions con r,;!ned such clause, you could have proposed the armia lice to whomsoever taus:- ht be the commander-in-chief of the forces opposed to those of the overnme,:: of this republic. Meanwhile, my lord, you have done a yea; service to the CAWS of truth, and, consequently, to that of Deuce, by publishing that paragraph in your instructions. Its tenor, and what you express in your note, with regard to the cha racter of legal president, which Don Manuel Oribe assumes, have been the means of clearing up all doubts on the matter. For, my lord, what this paragraph signifies is evident. Lord Palmerston was aware of the difficulties which Don Manuel Oribe's pretensions to the character he assumes presented during Mr. Hood's mission. He did not wish— for he was unable—to recognise in him any such character; and he then endeavoured to avoid the difficulty, by permit ing you, my lord, to treat with Gen. Oribe as a ample military chief, without involving any idea of a recognition of rights. In this manner Lord Palmenton sought to avoid sacrificing to the form the essence of the negotiation. This paragraph, therefore, removes all doubt that the mediating governments ever committed the inconsistency whisk was auslbalsd to them in Buenos Ayres and the 2dif wluo arm Ont noti imp eimi men to eon qai pri' tha int Sir Yee Yee !iv er. loa wal the loa e an 1. tte er; ry ut- ary e of er oid MI. ue he d icy the