The Express. — London, England, 1852-02-18 00:00:00

thiv. that regitnents vfould be deprived of their old , 0 1,14.r5; but take any regiment ordered abroad ga d but for prisates of ten years standing would be f o od in the ranks. They have either betsme nos pauoissaaird officers or are left with tho depots. In this m anner, not only might we possess the finest ▪ ove artily in the world, but one surely more sonomi,al than a militia. Such a farce would thoroughly disciplined and could mix rod troperay with the civil population, besides which thy p r ohthility of being ultimately one of this body, ht t ail to attract a higher class of men to the st riae thin at present fill the ranks. For the pre sent prospect of finishing their days in the West or Nur t Scotia gives but little impetus to the triter eilueuted portion of the community to co llege( ras Idiers Th e a hole attention of the country and of the legislature should be devoted to the proper solution el Cl , difficulty of ample defence in the best pos sible taxmen Whether the plan is to be a reserve iffeC of regulars or volunteer corps, with a p ...rful 'het in the Channel, let the parliament sad the propie decide,—but decide quickly. Lord rastatstos wants the regular militia : he will find s hard task to make men leave their homes to play to soldb N. Thousands cnn neither spare time to serve aorivirc the inoney to buy substitutes. And though tens of thousands are ready to make all necessary saaitio , to. national security, they are equally de terrain.d that the sacrifice shall nu t . be unnecessarily num To Pis . the County Rates Bill, so often proposed by Idr. Mit i n Cowes, and as often defeated by that highly int, Ligent section of the opposition, the coun try• justice.. stands for second reading in the House of Commons. We have repeatedly expressed our opinion oi . that measure. It is a compromise at the he.t, and. if it were not fur the great principle eon tained in it, we should think it scarcely worth striving for. principle is the right of the county rate.- poser to some voice in the assessment of his rates, and sonic control over their administration—in other words, local government by local re maculation. It is a method of government which we have shown to be essentially English— farnishiag the model upon which the parliament — itself a modern institution in comparison—was fashioned in the days of the PLANEAGENETs : a method in action down to the Revolution of 1688, and confiscated at lust by the minister. to the profit ouly of the seplitrarehy, and to the decline of every other interest. The movement, to which Mr. MILNER Gtessits's bill has given occasion, is so far welcome, inasmuch as it tends in the true direction ; namely, that of restoring to the people valuable rights of which they have been so lung, violently, and injuriously deprived. In this sense. and to this extent, we rejoice in any prospect of success that may dawn upon the County Rates Bill. But we continue in the opinion we have always expressed, that the bill itself is but a most un skilful and insufficient method of working out its own avow eel pi inciple, and in the belief that, when it posses, theexist u., niovement, far from subsiding, will be only stimulated into tenfold energy, for the revision of its ▪ n fault. add the completion of what it leaves unfi nished. To refer the affairs of the county ratepayers to a beard, composed half of self-elected justices of the peace, and half of delegates chosen by the guar dians of unions under the Poor-law—thew unions, in many instances, not being co:lterminous with the counties whose boards they arc to constitute—appears to us both a clumsy and an incongruous application in the concrete, of the theory- unequiiomby recog nised as the principle of the plan, that the local rates ought nut to be levied nor administered but by the representatives of the local ratepayers. Far be , ter would it have becu, as we have more than once had occasion to point out, to adopt for the general management of county rates and expendi ture, the plan of the late National Schools' Association fur the conduct of the public schools to be este bibbed and maintained by rates specially levied for the purpose. According to that plan, the county board a ioild be chosen by the ratepayers themselves, in hundred court assembled ; and the number of re presentatives for each hundred would be determined by the number of its townships. In that way, the two difficulties which so much perplexed Mr. Mit ten' Gig'ot's committee of INLII would be com pletely met. It would not be necessary to endure on the one hand the inconvenience of one large central election for the whole, shire; nor vet. on the other hand, that of a too numerous board, the inevitable consequence of an election by township. If the hundred court continues to be available for the yearly presentment of other local ( deem such as high constables, high bailiffs, and 8o forth, we do not see why it should not be equally so for the larger and more important functions involved in the scheme of local organisation which we recommend. We could, therefore, wish that the promoters of these two most important measures—the County Rates Bill and the Secular Schools Bill—would en deavour to come to some understanding, and proms cute in common their common cause. To have ale form of local organisation for one local purpose and another form for another, ap pears to us sadly at variance with every sound principle of political and social economy, and ten much in keeping with the pernicious and wasteful legislation of the past. There are the turnpike roads trustees, and the surveyors of highways, the poor-law guardians, and the justices in sessions, the boards of health, the lords lieutenant, the commissioners of police, and the Secretary for the Home Department! Surely there is already here chaos enough, and waste of energy too, without adding fresh ingredients to the caldron. We would rather say, 'that the time is come when the attempt should be made once for all to reduce all these elements to order and harmony, and when a municipal organisation of the shires and rural dis tricts of England far all purposes, and upon a great and comprehensive principle, should bo commenced in good earnest. It has been repeatedly stated in parliament,—and we believe that of the fact itself there is no doubt,— that such a measure was for some time under the consideration of Lord MELBOURNE'S ministry, and that the tato King, WILLIAM IV., gave it his strong personal recommendation. But the lively interest which the SoVERZION took in its success was feebly responded to by . the cabinet, and Lord JOHN Rots- SELL himself having obtained the consent of his col leagues to the bill for the reform of the municipal corporations of England, and Wales, and Ireland, was contented to relegate the question of the rural municipalities of the country- to the Greek Kalends. The desultory efforts of Mr. HUME and Sir RICRAIIIII *Wilt %VI. is 1g36-9. to supply that vast defect were ill-seconded by the liberal party, and proved wholly unsuccessful. In the present parliament Mr. MILNER (Vacua his made several endeavours to compass the same praiseworthy object, at least in part, by his Bill for County Boards, which seems now, after re peated failures, to be accepted be his magisterial op ponents in the style of a compromise. That bill simply proposes that nearly all the powers now vested in the j county ustices at sessions shall be vested hencefor ward in a council or county board, periodically elected, one half by the justices themselves, the other by the boards of guardians. Beyond this no muni cipal functions are designed to be conferred upon the new council. It is obvious that when this bill be comes law much willyet remain tobedono before the municipal organisation, which it nevertheless via , tually recognises to be necessary for the cheap mai efficient administration of the counties, can be mid to have received its completion. Ctrr COMIIIIIEOSZI4I OF 81F11133.—Yesterday the tenttei..innees oesamakti ha the OMhilts% Mr. Deputy Peatork in the Ask. n• shaman observed that a de tailed aeopuet of the Mow of the City Commiodeor re of Pewees for the whole of het year hod boss dome Ü by the sums/or. It vigil ha son that wbolovor Efolit be said againtt the Cooprooths of tie OW of ihs no. altar / condition usi rbo umbra of disk adiFF4dillonto formed an wrostiol eliost is theorise of dor mart. The report war wisroll kis /rioted awl dioldbobil amongst the tnernhen of the oserlitati°°- NEw AND CRIMP therriPCBl/2. ifillkidery a number of sew od ormidbms SISIMFDeed mooing between the tomilams of doe Cheat WeMere Railway awl the Marileera stalks, at 'ins'. eras. The fare is 2d. kw the ea** distorter. FIPP. DAWITORD.—The fireless of the Loudon brigade, with a strata Dumber of hired analllaries, have been sanely employed ever .inec their snivel cm Saturday amht in •ndarrourthe to list the fire at the Phenix Paper entirtly ertiosubbed, but up toted evesbrg have beat maatiereasfal, sad a mass of fin still remake imaseth tho table 200 wawa were employed is the WU, all of whom have born thrown out of work. FRANCE. THE NEW PRESS LAW. PARIS, WZONZIMAY, UALT-IPAST 8 A.M. The Momiteur publishes the law on the press, of which the main provisions are as follows: No paper is to be created without government authonty. Political newspapers published in foreign countries will not be allowed to circulate in Franco without government authority. The caution-money of a paper appearing more than thrice a week to be 'so,ond. AU publication of a paper without authority, or without lodging the caution-money, is to be punished, with a fine of from 11101. to 2,0001. for each number, and imprisonment of from ono month to two years. 'rhe stamp duties imposed on newspapers are also applicable to foreign newspapers, unless they arc exempted under a diplomatic convention. PARIS, TIMSDAT RIMMING. The last blow to the revolution of 1848, has been dealt by the Mono'Meer of this day, which abolishes the nationalflges of Feb. 24 and May 4, and aub stitues as the only anniversary worthy of commemo ration, the birthday of the Emperor Napoleon. The decree on this subject is as follows: Louis Nepoleos, President of the French Republic, Considering that the celebration of political anniversaries locals the remembrance of civil di.eowls, and that among the fetes it is • duty to choose that the consecration of which the best tends to unite all minds in the common ICU. dement of national glory, Decrees, Art. 1. For the (wore, the only ere to be recognised and celebrated as • notional one, shall he the anniversary of the Ihith of August (the fete day of the Emperor Napoleon). Art. 2. All former laws contrary to the present decree are hereby abrogated. Art. 3. The ministers are charged, each as fat as it con cerns them, with the execution of this dec ree. (signed) Locie NAPOLION. (Countersigned) X. op. CARABIANCA. Nee at the Palace of the Tuileries, Feb. 16. The .Ib»iiieur contains an order of the Minister of the Interior, regulating the changes to be made in the costume of the prefects, sub-prefects, mayors, and other public functionaries. A decree of the President of the Republic orders the creation of a special museum at the Louvre for the reception of all objects which can authentically be proved to have belonged to the sovereigns who have reigned in France, and which are now distri buted among the different museums belonging to the state. The Mmtitrur publishes a very long report, ad dressed by the Minister of the Marine and Colonies to the President of the Republic, pointing out differ ent measures, which in his opinion were necessary to be adopted, for the purpose of encouraging the immigration of free labourers into the French colo nics, rendered necessary by the abolition of slavery, and of regulating the relations of these labourers with the masters into whose service they might enter. The report is followed by a decree, tarrying out the different recommendations therein contained, and enacting various regulations for ensuring order in the colonies. Another decree regulates the duties to be paid on imports iuto and exports from the French colony of Senegal and its dependencies. French merchandise of all kinds, and certain foreign articles imported in French bottoms, will pay en ed valorem duty of two per cent. Bloc India cloths, called Guineas, will not be admitted at this duty, unless they have been taken to France and reshipped. Madeira and Tcncriffo wines imported in French bottoms will be charged GO francs per hecto litre. Fruits, fresh vegetables, and stones from the Canary Islands, in French vessels, will be admitted duty free. The produce of Senegal can only be ex ported to France and the French colonies, and by French vessels, and it will continue to be subject to an ad valorem duty of two per cent. The relations between France and Senegal and the island of Cioree, and between the last-named places and the other French possessions in Asia, Africa, and America, can only be carried on in French bottoms. Foreign vessels will pay a tonnage duty of 4fr. per ton on entering Senegal, but will be exempt if they again leave without loading or unloading merchan dise. The lloailear makes its appearance again this morning without the law on the press. This fresh delay is occasioned, I understand, by an application on the part of the Societe des Dens de Lettres to the minister of the interior for the abolition of the centime stamp on the romanieuilletoll. This petition in fa vour of a characteristic and popular appendage to French newspapers, now more than ever desirable to compensate their political insignifiance, has been granted ; and the ingenious traders in light literature will no longer have their modest gains taxed by the maintenance of one of the most morose fea tures of the law Tinguy. For the rest, this new press law is the annihilation of all liberty in the publication , of opinion. The whole law is summed up in one arti. I cle, which gives the government the of with drawing the authorisation for pub • giblas re. quired from all newspapers. With thin kfiosmisd above his head an editor will beams imbue' Ilom by the censure. At present the eons of solallom hes at the door of those sawn the gwoommone appoint* to smatemise and raw/late &Okla. Otto lite gross d ouentison of t=t its s tb Ai•• sea lma; si t ileserm ar illat of holler mime may oar does NO& the pang esse g h the dooms of such papers as the adieds. Bat nor the responsibility is Alibi to the editor, whit has is write with the cen t sciemems that his most homiem meanings may be ofy an nmbrammte power to the ruin costly estaillitifist. Thlebileablissemsi says : lisite Immo all wi the a rdimo It wMAW= ono 1111111101161 /ME i n itliaNolll/ Mak enl mho lissoee, wlMk about Ipb, The chief pee-occupation of the governmenrat the present moment is the unprecedented depr ession of every branch of trade. Great apprehensions are entertained lest the elections should on this account turn out unfavourably. The ministry are already prepared to attribute to Orleans intrigues and the like the alarming state of commerce ; which is, of coarse, entirely attributable to the want of public confidence in the duration of the present regime. Thus the failure of an oppressive system is a pretext for the imposition of still more intolerable tyranny, and the preface to fresh violence and more appalling terrors. It is feared by the go vernment that Caviugnse will be elected in several districts. The Watts mentions the folio ring candidates for the approaching elections:—M. Lumen Mechin, ex sub prefect of St. Denis, for that arrondissement. M. Henri Thenard, ex-auditor of the Council of State, for the section of Sens and Joigny, in the ment of the Yonne. M. Moutier, mayor on a ret (Drtlme), for that canton; he will be opposed by M. Sapey, ex-deputy. The candidates definitively presented by the government for the Marne are said to be M. Souillif, ex-representative of the National Aseembly ; General Parchappe, and M. Godard, mayor of Chalons. MM. Delavau and de Bryas are the two candidates proposed by the government to the electors of the Indre. — A w ilOntpellier journal states that the Duke do Doudeauville will bo brought forward u a candidate for tho Herat'lt. _ The following are the latest definitive announce ments of government candidates:—M. Richebe and M. Theodore Demist, Lille ; Henry Lemaire, Valen ciennes; de la Omar, Hasebroack ; Clebsattel, Dun kirk; Choque,Douiu; fieydoux, Cambrai ; de Merode, Avows'); de Parieu, Aunllac ; de la Guerroniere, St. Flour; General Oellibert, Angoulemo; Colonel Le mert4er, Cognac. His Excellency the Marquis of Normanby pre sented yesterday, at half-past two o'clock, his letters of recall to the President of the Republic. General de Castellano, Commander-in-Chief of the army of Lyons, has just left Paris to return to his po l t. t has been often announced that the government was about to abolish the octroi duties collected upon articles of consumption at the gates of towns. It numbs that the municipalities are so alarmed at the prayed of losing this, their main resource, whistle the substitution of any equivalent rates, that the mayors have addreseed from all quarters of Fromm the most urgent resnotultrances to the govern- THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 18, 1852. ment against so rub an innovation. In caustpassee of these representations, the original project has been modified so as to lose nearly all its iimportanee. The only part of the oetrois that will be remitted is that fraction which is assigned to the treasury. As this is only about one-tenth of the nett receipts, the benefit will not be very sensible to the ratepayers, while • considerable resource will be lost to the t rees is It said that during the absence of General de St. Arnaud in Algeria, the minister of war will be committed ad interim to Admiral Valliant. In connection with the reported probability of Fould's return to office, as minister of finance, &loan is spoken of. There is an article of some importance in the Pays, written for the purpose of showing the groundless ness of the apprehensions of war entertained by English and other foreign journals. l ,worn sent. Louis Napoleon to be absorbed in grand schemes for the social re-organisation of France, and not dreaming of foreign conquest. The most important passage in the article is ono that treats with ridicule the report that Bel gium is to be annexed to France by a stroke of the President's pen, and admits that such an annexation would necessarily lead to war, and would convulse Europe, by the rupture of the treaties by which she is governed. It is possible that tho well-timed arma ments going on in Belgium may have hail some effect in producing this declaration. The rest of the article amounts to very little. The President, it is said, will not recoil from anything that the national in terests may require, but he will not be the ag reside° party—he will not go to war with out a eager. bctli. The difference with Swit zerland about the refugees and the press is likely, it is averred, to be arranged peaceably by diplomacy, General Dufour being about to come to France for the purpose of settling all difficulties in concert with the President of the Republic. The Pays complains bitterly of the foreign picas, which does not act up to its "sublime mission of dissemi nating principles of mutual toleration and sympathy. Foreign journals will probably not recognise the " sub lime muision"of an enslaved press of which the Pays is a member, nor abandon one jot of their wise dis trust of a government of force, conducted by a single man, and that man one whose course of conduct with respect to his own country has been such as to render his professions unworthy of credit. The Indi , pendanee of Brussels has the following under the head of Paris : The three members of the commission appointed by the Prince President relative to the decrees againgt the Orleans property, vie., MM. Duvergier, ChM: d'listange, and Moreau, advocates of the ministry of Marine, the city of Paris, and the Domaine., have not bees consulted on the legality of the decrees, but vilely on the diplomatic and matrimonial questions which may affect the execution of them. One hundred and fifty of the pupils of the College Louis-le-Grand have lust been expelled, in conse quence of a revolt which recently broke out among them on the subject of some punishment inflicted after the banquet of St. Charlemagne. Athe Bourse the Fives row 20c., and closed at 10:11r. 73c.; the Threes rose 10c., closing at 6.lfr. 60c. Bank of France shares rose 6fr. Itailweys were better. Northern rose 71r. 30c.; Rouen, .sfr.; Teste and Bordeaux fell 6fr. 25c. SWITZERLAND. The Journal de Centre, of the 11th, announces a strike of 400 working jewellers, on account of a mis understanding with the masters. SPAIN. We have received the Madrid journals of tho llt h. Marshal Narvaez has addressed a letter to the Queen, testifying his great satisfaction at her recovery, and expressing his sentiments of devoted. ness to her Majesty. The Duke and Duchess of Montpensicr have given a sum of 0,000 reels (1,500 fr.) to the Archbishop of Toledo, to be distri- 1 bated to the poor on the occasion of the Queen's re covery. The Heraldu had been seized at the post office on the previous day. ITALY. LOMBARDY. The 01/kial Milan Gazette, of the 12th, contains a decree from Count Strainld°, Imperial Lieutenant of Lombardy, directing that all money transactions by contract she henceforth to be effected in Austrian money, to the exclusion of all old or foreign curren cies, and are to be understood so in courts of law, unless it be clearly proved that the parties really in tended for some special object to stipulate for a par ticular description of currency. A letter from Verona informs us that the Emperor of Austria has granted a free pardon to Counts Guer rieri and Lutti. GERMANY. VIENNA, Fen. 13. The official papers confirm the fact of a despatch having been received by the last American poet, from the Chevalier flulsemann, Austrian Charge d'Affaires at Washington, stating that " he had broken off all diplomatic intercourse with the govern ment of the United States." The position of the American representative at this court has long been both difficult and disagreeable. The be haviour of both the court and the cabinet towards him has been even suffered to be commented on in the censor-ridden press, and after a residence in Vienna of about twelve months ho is stated never to have been received by the Emperor till within this last week or so, and then very coldly, and not in a private audience. The Danish question, with the exception of the Duke of Augustenburg's claims on the crown, hav ing been settled, the Austrian papers sound the note of triumph. German statesmen generally, however, appear to think that this boasted settlement is no thing but the commencement of fresh difficuities, which bid fair to be almost perpetual. The mutual distrust between the king and the states, the part the Diet is likely to play in every question, and the consequent acquisition of strength to the opposition, are likely to produce anything but a pleasant state of affairs, and it is remembered that precisely a si *miler state of relations as that now existing between the crown and people of Denmark led to the late war in Hungary. Some admirable laws have just been published re specting that dangerous class of offenders who have lately been so often detected in doing wilful damage to railroads and telegraphs. The punishment= awarded them will beestimated by the mischief done: for any injury to property the offender will be impri soned five years; if any danger is incurred to life or limb this term will be doubled ; and if death is occa sioned the criminal will suffer the extr=nalty of the law, just as if ho bad committed in any other way. A long article appears in the Ifraisiseer, the only paper in Vienna not actually known to be in the pay of government, respecting the nest debates in parliament on the dismissal of Lord Palassites. The writer states that it was by no mad the map if Etat of the 2nd of December which led to the down fall of that statesman. He adds that it had been long preparing; hints that the wart and the ether members of the government were in fa, of the Orleans family, and as Lord Palmate* was knows to have a grudge a gai nst awls, it woo dotowniasi to get rid of Lim. "Lord Palmed"' esie the Wm derer, " was no stranger to the Boniegse expedition in 1840, and ho has never forgiven the &paned Mar riages." The Customs Congress is dill sitting, although there is no longer any doubt that its labours cannot end in any immediate result. The new levies will be very strictly raised, and the preliminary proceedings of the authorities have already produced great discontent in Hungary, where, if there is one thing which the pea , entry hate more than another, it is being forced into tho Austrian military service. Even Trieste is to lose one of her ancient privileges ne a free port, viz., that of freedom from military service. It seems that mothers far and wide came to Trieste that their children might be freeborn, and at length this has aroused the Jealousy of government, and the privilege is to be abolished. A " disconto" bank is to be immediately esta . blished at Venice, and will be • great advantage to Austro-Italian commerce, if placed under proper control and superintendence. Foe the fortunes hitherto made by private bankers in any crisis in the affairs of trade have been a diagram to govern ment. There is no country in the world where private bankers have made such enormous profits on the ruin of all other into este as in the Austrian em pire. The Jews, who have bought up at a discount the discredited six-kreurer pieces in Lombardy, have taken them to Croatia and disposed of them at • premium, to the astonishment of less successful spe culators. The government papers say that trade is beginning to revive and the confidence of the capitalists to return, and that the effects of the new tariff arc already favourably felt in the commerce of the Em pire; but these practical things, the eschange and In^tottng of the tondo, do not seem to bear out the assertion, and London yesterday stood at 12.28. Silver at a premium of 211 per cent. UNITED STATES. ARRIVAL OF THE ARCTIC. A telegraphic summary of the following appeared in our edition of yesterday. By the arrival of the American mail steamer Arctic, at Liverpool, shortly after ten o'clock yester day morning, wo have received New York letters and papers to the 7th instant inclusive, being three days later than those brought by tho America, which arrived on Sunday. The Arctic left Now 'York at noon on the 7th, and has thus made one of the most rapid passages on record, being about Si I days; she brought sixty-two passengers, and specie to the amount of 1,040,055 dollars on freight. The steam-ship Niagara, the arrival of which at Halifax on the 4th, was noticed in the Express ou Monday last, had reached New York on the ith, after a tempeatous run of nearly 21 days. Tho Europa, from Liverpool, with the mails of the 24th, had arrived at Halifax on the 6th, the same day that the America left that port for Europe. The political intelligence by this arrival is not:im portant. From Washington we learn that no defi nite action has yet been taken in either branch of Congress, with regard to allowing extra compensa tion to the Collins steamers ; but a note in the New Vock Drily Times states that some interruption to the present postal arrangements between the United States and Great Britain may shortly be expected. A Boston correspondent of the New York Herald announces the marriage of Jenny Lind, at Boston, on Feb. 5, to Otto Ooldschmidt, the pianist. The //emit/ in reference to the report, says Before we can fully realise tho truth of this marriage, we shell require further evidence than a brief telegraphic dispatch. It will be remembered that this Swedish Night ingale was reported to he married in England, to an Bog lash clnrgyman, and that the affair was paid to has been cancelled only by her payment of a forfeit of 3,000 dohs. Subsequently, at one time it was understood that she was certainly engaged to Belletti ; and, at another time, to Muter Burke, the violinist. Therefore, we cannot ratify the nuptials of Miss Lied to Mr. Uuldschmidt till the news is confirmed. Kossuth has raised six thousand dollars in Pitta burg and its vicinity—principally from the contri butions of the working classes, numbers of whom he has personally visited in the foundries, factories, &c. He is again represented as quite ill. The Ohio State senators have subscribed five dollars each to the Hungarian fund, and it is said that the members of the house will do the same. The most recent advices from New Mexico re ceived at New York represent the Indians es getting rather the best of the troops in that locality. More discoveries of gold and silver had been made. INTELLIGENCE. New YOl/11, Fan. 6. Foreign exchange was firm today, although the demand was moderate. Bills on London were sold at 110 to 1101 ; Hamburgh, 361 to 36i ; Bremen, 781 to 781 ; Amsterdam, 414 to 914. There was some inquiry far specie, and it is generally supposed that the steamer will take out 700,000 dollar; but it is impossible yet to ascertain the precise amount. United States stocks are inactive, but the demand for banking operations prevents any decline in rates. Spe• culative stocks are active, and rates continue to have an up- ward tendency, as will be seen upon reference to our list of quotation,. The condition of the money market remains unchanged, and we note but a little variation in quota tions. Covvox.—Sales for three days, 5,200 bales. The sales bare been to a fair extent, still the market has been without spirit, there has been no general demand ; some sales have been made at lower prices, but holders generally pre fer waiting the news per Europa, before submitting to lower rates. GRAIN.—The stock of wheat is so small, and in one or two hands, that our quotations are almost nominal. Oats bring 38c. to 39e. for Jersey, 45e. to 46e. for Western, and 37c, to 3&. ter southern. Barley is dull, at 75c. to 79c. Corn is wanted, but generally held above the views of buyers, who take only what their immediate wants re- 1 quire. FLona.—The favourable tone of the English market, as received by the last two steamers, and the opening of the eastern navigation, has made rather more inquiry, and ' holders are firm, although at the close there was less doing, and prices rather favoured the buyer. We quote common to straight State at 4 dots. 62/e. to 4 dots. 75c. ; common Ohio, 4 dole. 6Nia to 4 dots. 74e. ; miscd to fancy Michigan and Indiana, 4 dols. 62e. to 4 dols. 75c. Canadian is in light stock ; some sales have been made at 4 dols. 50c., in bond to arrive ; it is generally held at 4 doh. 62/. Southern kinds vein fair demand, with small supply. Fasuouvs to California rule from 40c. to 60e. To Eu rope there is no alteration. We continue yesterday's quo tations. To Liverpool—Cotton, per pound, 6-32 d. to 3-I6d. ; flour and meal, per barrel, Is. ; heavy goods, per too, 15s. ; bacon and cheese, Iss. ; grain, in bulk, per bush.l, 3d. to 3/d. To London—Tobacco, per hhd., 25,. ; floor, per Darrel, Is. 6d. to Is. 9d. ; turpentine, per 280 lbs., Is. 9d.; measurement goods, per ton, 2.55. to 305.; heavy goods, oil, die., 154. to 261. ; cheese, 30s. ; beef, per tierce, 3s. Bd. to 411. SERIOUS ACCIDENT WITH DETONATING POWDER. —Yesterda therneen, between the hours of one and two, • most dsp assithat took plats in the City, which was near earwig the hue of several lives. One of the un fortunate adhere le aspired of. A short thee rase Mr. Jour theft ' s mining agent, having ether in itharetreet, =Me, had several charges of dateenting powder for left with him r simples, eel sates gamily =them lying about he Akers& are el his men to pet them out a the way, _end the maw beentketaly enough threw thus Ws • rubbish ble ht the °allay. The shower, which IMO mesedingly vegetal, wen made up in the them of etemething like a siotheler, and when applied to the peep= of were capable of dieWleng sa F un tem a steno. the week • number a bth been 'Wed Mr. Crofts Prvetivirts releaday Memos ow Wilma named Barr feild was in the ether mixing seer mint, when he eyed one of the charges which was Melt Ise the rubbish. Pick ing it up, and 'ag it to be a asethemes, be put it into his pocket, Mat the time praise* mistimed, he went with the reit ti the workmen to Wray. the Foun tain and Star piddiethree, Oradesise" Lawrierslane, Cheapside. In the semis ribs INA amble look the charge out of his Fisk end a disseiden arm es te what it really way Ole et the party out it in half, and found ft to contain • eabseinee which they lisd to be brisk dust. With • view probably of aseerht mere smiths. welly its character, another of the sompaey, a man named John Caufeild, a waiter, living in the Qathiresi, Camden-town, then tech up the plate of the shame. aril commenced rubbing them we the tap-ream table. when almost immediately they exploited with tremendous tree. Six mu who WON fa the roma were thrown down by the and news or 14•11 injured. The ma in whir band the rhea eatheded resented a meet epee- Meth aims from the elbow Jahr wile and rem idea maybe domed of the per tam% in seadition from the desemelmee that psalm of his bomb end fingers were piked up en the deer. He was at amie i=a • cab and enneyel with all heir te fit Barra- Hospital, and in the rare of the ream it was deemed expedient to amperes both limbs them the elbow. He continues in the meet state. The police, we are informed, subsequently esasrhei Mr. Croft's cellar, and found the remainder of the charges whisk bed been th rown in the rubbish, and of which they task pimeries. THE FIRE AND Lois OF Lin 111 WRIJIRCK Gera ter.—On Monday Mr. Wakley, M. P., regiamid, at Mary lebone workhouse, the adjourned inquest en the body of James Joseph Webster, aged 62, the ethertmete era who bed blez ut S into possession of the premier betionhig t. Mr W No. 47, Welbeck-strset, Cavendish and who pa 'hod there in tbe are whisk ocenrred 4 r a t le hi house a few hours after he entered. The atheism taken yesterday was very vo:undisous, and esempied the mesa nearly six hours in taking it. Reber Teem milseer of the Baker-street brigade station, preyed arriving with his engine on the morning of the re, when he found the flames in the ball, and extending from the kitchen up the staircase, and had found the remains if • *kat and other articles, which, from the steam emsll be should my had been saturated with ninths. The seders were handl* the cupboard under the stairs. Mrs. Wersdly, wife of the occu pier of the house, described the manner of their reape.— Werndly sail the jacket produced was • painter's usual overall, and when the kitchen was cleared out had been thrown along with some gallipots under the stairs. He never kept more than • gilt of naptlia in the place. Ile used it for dissolving gulls perche. There might have been two tahlcepoonsful in the house, but not more. He had been 42 years in business, and had always paid twenty shil lings In the pound. He did not owe a shilling in the neigh bourhood, with the exception of 2e. Oil. to his brass-founder. At this stage of the proceedings the coroner adjourned the inquiry for another week, for the production of addition& 'Menem RAVINGS' BANKS AND THE LAW OF PARTNERSHIP. (has t►e Daily Nero.) Last night, in the House of Commons, Mr. SLANET brought forward his motion that involves the question of a reform in our partnership laws ;—an import ant and most interesting subject. The struggle between the engineers and their employers points to a relation between capital and labour which calls for the prompt and serious con sideration of the legislature. The causes which have created and embittered tho contest are in no respect peculiar to the machine trade. The malady is general. If the disorder it evinces in one trade is subdued, it is quite sure to break nut in another; for its canton are seated in tho constitution of society itself. There it has its root, and there only can an effectual remedy be applied. Capital has enormously increased, but so also have the skill of the workuian, his intelligence,—his social importance,--his power and willingness to make the self denial necissary for saving,—his hold upon the sympathy of society,— his moral worth,—and his self-respect. All the leading countries of Europe bear witness to the deep change of feeling and position which has resulted from this progressive development of the modern wend. The moral dignity of the working classes is the favorite theme of philanthropists, statesmen, and legislative assemblies. The sufferings and the degradation of the labourers constitute the staple of half the popular literature of every people. Tho ablest and purest minds in Europe are often engaged in devising new theories for raising the happiness and social position of the poorer classes. The universal bro therhood of man is preached with increasing vette mence and effect; and there is a vast fund of ads taken sympathy ever ready to presume that the workman must be right in any contest which he may undertake against the capitalist whom he serves. This is a very formidable state of things. Tho ease and rapidity with which the most extravagant doctrines of socialism have !pervaded France, and the fright and real danger which they have brought upon society there, are most significant symptoms of the unsound condition of the body politic. It would be a gross delusion to explain these phenomena by causes applicable to France alone. The disease is Euro pean, certainly English as well as French, though as yet, fortunately, it has not reache d the ammo viru lence on this side of the Channel. We, too, have our socialistic doctrinaires of every quality. Clergymen and chartists, lords and democrats, arc found to pro pagate views of social life, resting on the same fun damental principles. There is scarcely one of the great trades of Britain in which the masters arc not jea. lously watchful of the ever active tendency of their workmen to combine. Not a year passes over our heads which does not exhibit some alarming collision between these antagonistic forces. It is very true that hitherto victory has com monly sided with the capitalist. lle has been the more reasonable as well as the stronger man. But it is equally true that the workman has gaited by the increasing dissatisfaction felt at the relation subsisting between the two parties. Speculative philosophy takes up more actively and more genially the labourer's cause. The richer classes are more and more persuaded that it is not as it should be with the operatives; and this feeling gains counte nance and support for some ideas and doc trines as ridiculous for their absurdity, as they are dangerous for their subversive tendencies. Disaffection thus spreads and becomes respectable ; and even ministois from the pulpit venture to de nounce, in the name of religion, the atrocity of a population being compelled to live by wages. It is not safe that our statesmen, or the country itself, should neglect these manifestaf -• Opinion is rapidlydiffused in mo d ern ti mes -- of or aly ddfuseu in m. 0..... ; the power . ganisation, too, is wonderfully augmented ; a remedy may become, if not impossible, at least, purchase able only by an immense sacrifice. As yet both masters and workmen would hail with a spirit of moderation any pacific solution of the difficulty. But in what quarter is it to be sought? Plainly the rising desire which is gathering so much strength is to discover some means of rescuing artisans from an absolute and precarious dependence upon wages, without making them dictators over their employers. This is the real problem, and this the sort of solution which the present feeling of society longs for. Is any ouch attainable? Probably there is no pallia tion for the evils we labour under at once so simple, so congenial with the position and sentiments of modern workmen, and so directly applicable to the root of the mischief as the giving to the opera tive some direct interest in the business to which he devotes his labour and his skill. And the best instru ment for accomplishing this end is, as we suggested OA a former occasion, a law of limited liability in partnership, especially under the form of partnership en commandite. Tho importance of providing safe and desirable investments for the savings of labour is a vital element in all these questions. The Amalgamated Society derived the chief portion of its funds from contributions intended to secure help in sickness, old age, and widowhood; and one of the greatest em barrassments which the masters have now to con tend with is the natural unwillingness of the men to forfeit this provision, which they have made at a heavy cost, by separation front the society. What investment is there so natural, and, for its moral as well as pecuniary results, so desirable for the work man, as participation in his master's profits, if it can be obtained with safety? The law forbids this natural and excellent connection between the parties by constituting all participation in profits partnership, and bestowing on every such partner an equal right of interference with the management of the concern and control over the common pro perty. This is fatal. No master can possibly give his workman a share, however trifling, in the profits of his busidess, so long as it entitles him not only to give orders, but even to pledge the common credit, and to take possession of the common stock, either of cost or materials. It is not, however, the protection of the partner respecting which the law has been meet solicitous the security of the creditors against the common firm has been its darling aim. If the firm borrows or buys on credit, every shilling belonging to every partner shall be responsible for tho debt. The ab stractinstice of such a regulation we do not dispute; its policy and expediency we confidently deny. In the first place, the imposition of such unrestricted liability on partners leads to the conferring on each the right we have just mentioned, of protecting himself against utter ruin through the misconduct of his colleagues by constant interference in the direc tion of the concern ; how else could he be secured not only against the loss of the capital really em doyed in tho business , but against the souse nm; of money borrowed under the pledge of his whole fortune ? Partnerships COM =of numerous members are thus ren impossible. In the next place, the history of joint-stock associations with unlimited liability, especially banks, shows that the creditor gets no benefit prolortionato to the harm incurred by the hampering of partnerships. And then, what right has a creditor to any such extravagant security ? No ono compels him to give trust: if he does, the daty of ascertaining tie soundness and solvency of those to whom he voluntarily extends his credit lies plainly upon him. The teaching the creditor to rely on his own sagacity and activity, when he trusts others with his property, is the best of all se curities which can be given to him ; and nothing else will so effectually protect him from loss. All that he can reasonably demand of the law is the enforcing of full publicity as to the capital actually invested in any concern. Ile has a right to be told of every change of such capital, and wo think, too, of its owners. When he has acquired this information, he has got all that guides hint in trusting private persons. He knows the amount of means on which he relies for re-payment ; and what more has a tailor or grocer for the discharge of his bill ? The feeling that if a man has the power, he should make good any deficiency in the payment of the debts of of a business in which lie is concerned, is more plausible than just. If the creditor knew beforehand that he must look to the common capital alone for se curity, what ground has he for complaint ? When a chartered company becomes insolvent, no onecxpects, no ono thinks it reasonable to ask the shareholders to pay up beyond their sharer. These are what the creditor trusted : if that was inadequate, he has no one to blame but himself. And,—which is much to the point,— it is not from the insolvency of such chartered bodies that the greatest losses are incurred. If we in England enjoyed, as other countries do, a better law of partnership, the skilled workman, —when man and muter mutually desired such an arrangement—might obtain such limited interest as a partner, as would give him a solid motive for doing all in his power to advance the welfare of the establishment in which ho laboured. The day of " strikes" might pus away, and capital and labour might go on, as they ever should do, hind and hand together fur the common weal. Vie Court. The Queen and Prince Albert walked yesterday in the garden of Buckingham Palace. Prince Albert rude out on borsch's:ls yesterday morning, attended by his Equerry in Waiting. fn the siternix:il Royal Highness, attended by Lieut.-ColOner lion. A. Ger i don, visited the British Institution, in Pall-mail. The Royal family took their usual exercise yesterday In the garden of liockingliant Palace. The Queen Lad a dinner party yesterday at Buckingham Palace. The compsny included Prince Nicholas of Nassau, the Earl and Countess Oranvill.., Earl of Str.lturd, Lord anti Lady Foley, Baron Ilaileln, Baron Itoggsnbuch, the Dowager Lady Lyttelton, and Miss Lyttelton. Sir William C Boxy , It.A., had the honour yesterday of taking the first Sitting fora miniature of Prince Arthur, by command of her Majesty. The Countess of Minna Edgcumbe has relieved the Mar chioness of Douro in her duties re, Lady-M-Waiting to the QUel n. Lord F:lpliiiistone has relieved Lord Viateipirk in his duties as Lor.bin-Waiting ; and Major•Ceneral Ber keley Drummond has relieved Mr. Ormsby Gera in his duties as Groom-in-Waiting to her Majesty. A drputation, consisting of Mr. Masterman, M.P., Mr. Lownrin Taster, Mr. Deputy Harrison, Mr. Deputy Hicks, Mr. Richard Tatior, Mr. Low, Mr. Dakin, the City Re metnbrancer, and Mr. Bunning, the City architect, had as interview with Sir George Urey yesterday, at the Home office. A di potation, Coll , l4tinfr of Mr. Baines, M.l' , Mr. Clay, 11r. Collinaon (Warden of the Trinity Rouse of Hull), Moors. Ald , r, E.:till. and Bolton (Elder Brethren of ditto), and Mr. Wilacti (Secretary) had an interview with tie. 'tight lion. Henry LAbouchere yesterday, at the Board of Trade. Sir Alexander Spearman had nn interview with tho Chancellor of the Exchequer yesterday, at his official mi. denee in Downing-slmet. The llon. A. Kinnaird, Sir Edward Austria, M.P., Sir Barry Vern. y, M.P., Abel Smith, Esq., it. Banbury, Esq., the Rev. W.W. Champneys, and the Rev. llngh Allen, form ing a deputation from the Whiteehapel Sehon!, had an in terview with Lord Seymour yesterday at the Office of Works and Puhlie Buildings, in Whitehall-place. Mr. Somers, M I'. for Sligo, had an interview with Sir George Grey yesterday, at the Hume Office. (Prom but niatit's ' , ORE:MN-OFFICE, FEB. 12.—The Queen has been graciously pleaved to appoint Sir Alexander Malet, Bart., now her Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Ple nipotentiary to the King of ‘Vurtrinherg, to he her Ma je,tv'ri Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Germanic Confederation. MASTEIL OP TIM Homes-orrice., FEB. 13.—The Queen has been grad , u-ly pleated to apooint Henry Far quharson, Esq., to be Page of Honour to her Majesty, vice Gordon. DOWNING -STREET, FED. I.l.—The Quern has been pleased to appoint Giuseppe Montsnuro, to be Cashier of tbo Treasury of the 1.1.md of Malts, and George Nicola Casoluni, Eq., to be Purveyor of Charities and Comptroller of Contracts for that Island. TREASURY CHAMBERS WHITEHALL, FEB. 12. The Queen bas been [dined to appoint the 'Light lion. Edward John bird Stanley, of :tided,. y, to be her Majesty's Parmaster•Grseral. CROWN-OYFICE, FEB. 16.—Member returned to serve in this preacut Parliament forthe Borough of iiimale : John Lane Heard, E.q., of Kimale, in the room of Berija mM Eid., who has Reedited the office of Sten ardor her Majesty's Chiltern Hundreds. COMMISSION SIGNED BY THE LORD-LIEUTENANT 0? RAIMULLSHIItE.—JOII Walaltarn, Esq., to be deputy lieutenant. COMMISSIONS SIGNED BY THE LORD-LIEVTENANT OF LEICESTEUSHIItE.—Tho Right Hon. Washington Si. wallis Shirley, Earl Ferrara, Sir Arthur (hey Haetrigge, Bart., Sir William Edward Cradock Ilsrtopp, sod Charles William Puke, Esq., to be deputy-lieutenants. THE STRIKE.-MANCIIESTER. The employers who have opened their shops at Manchester report that a fair proportion of hands have gone in on the new terms, and some have got their full complement of engineers and mechanics. The police re turns give only one establishment out of the whole 46 u closed entirely, and the number of operatives now at work, as compared with the month preceding the strike, at 2,986 against 6,164. A Mr. J. Jones has twin in Manchester to engage the Free Trade Hall, with ri view to lectur ing in it on the strike. He sent programmes to both societies of masters and men, but it wu difficult to gather his views from the document. To the workmen of the Amalgamated Society he also sent invitations, through a Mr. Pearson, to join in a procession, stating that he would engage a brass band to head them, and provide horses for such as chose to ride. The com mittee of the Amalgamated Society having considered the communication returned the following reply to Mr. Pear son :—" Sir, the defence committee beg most respectfully to decline the offer of Mr. Jones with reference to band, procession, ilte. On behalf of the committee, FRANCIS Doesos."—The committee also sent a deputation to Capt. Willis, head constable of Manchester, stating that they had taken this step, and that if any procession took place it would not be with their concurrence. HEALTH OF LONDON DURING THE WEEK The official report is as follows —The mortality of London, which rose to 1,100 deaths in the first weeks of the year, has gradually declined, and in the week ending last Saturday the number was only 970. Taking the ten cor responding weeks of 1812-61 it appears that last week's amount was less than previous returns in six instances, and greater in four, and that the average of corresponding weeks was 1,048. If this average be corrected for increase of population it becomes 1,163, compared with which the pre sent return shows a decrease cf 183. _ _ ..... _ The mortality . from diseases of the respiratory organs ex hibits a trifling increase on that of tho previous week, but is still considerably below tho average; the number of fatal eases last week baying been 185, while in corresponding weeks of the last five years they ranged from 199 to 330. In the tubercular class the deaths from phthisis or con sumption were in the previous week 147. in the last they were 122, which latter amount is also below the average. The total number of cases ascribed to zymotie or epidemic diseases was in the previous week 201 ; it is now 191.10 f the latter sum 29 (about the same as in the former week) are referred to small-pot, 9 to measles, 30 to waxbills', 33 to hooping-cough, 3 to croup, 3 to thrush, 22 to diarrhrea, 3 to dysentery, 3 to cholera 4 to influenza, 42 to typhus and other fever, 7 to erysipelas, and 3 to syphilis. At 11, Seven-step-alley, Aldgate, on the 12th February, a labourer, aged 50 years, died of "chronic bronchitis." The medical attendant writes on his certificate : " Ile died asphyxiated from tho impure air of the locality, which is unfit for human habitation." _ _ _ A woman was registered last week whose death was tho result of intemperance, and there are three cases of persons dying from privation, of which the following are the parti entire : On the 9th of February in St. Saviour's workhouse • widow, aged 79 years, died from " want of necessary food; bronchitis (one week)." In the north sub-district of Whitechapel, in Elizabeth-court, on sth January, • labourer, aged 54 years, died " a natural death, accelerated by want of common necessaries" (Inquest) ; and in tho workhouse in the same subdistrict, on 314 January, a labourer, aged 47 years, died "a natural death; sudden from exhaustion and privations " (Inquest). A cabdriver from Nags.head-yard, St.James's, Westminster. died on 9th February, in Middlesex Hospital, at the age of 30 years, of " alanchrs." And again last week two deaths were reale , tered as caused by carbuncle, namely, that of the widow of a Mercantile clerk, aged 48 years, which occurred on 4th February. in Brunswick-street, Raggentone, from "car buncle (7 days), exhaustion," and that of the wife of a painter, aged 63, which occurred on Bth February, in Bird street, Lambeth, from "carbuncle (60 days), extensive slough of the akin (l 6 days)." Last week the births of 803 boys, and 798 girls, in all ' 1,601 children, were registered in London. In seven COI , tesponding weeks of 1815-51 the average was 1.402. At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean daily reading of the barometer was above 30 in. on Saturday; the mean of the week was 29 . 645 in. The mean daily tem perature was 108 deg. above the average of the same day in ten years on Sunday ; on Monday the excess was only 1.7 deg.; and on the remaining five days the daily mean was below the average. On Sunday the mean daily tem perature was 49.4 deg. ; on Monday it fell to 40.6 deg. ; and it continued to fall till Thursday, when it was 34.3 deg.; on the two following days it slightly increased. The mean of the week was 38.8 (leg., which is near the average. The wind blew from the south-west on the first two days, lon the next three from the north, and towards the end of the week from S.S.E. ACCIDENT AT ME , SES. COMAE. AND DELIFIELD . S. A frightful accident occurred on Monday night to a man named James Wahy, in the employ of the above firm, at th-ir brewery, King-street, Long-acre. Ile was passing along one of the floors of the establishment when he fell down through an opening into a vault, descending between two beer butts, by the iron hoops of which he was dread fully injuml. llis seresms were alarming, and prompt assistance being rendered, he was found on the ground de luged in blood, his face being literally smashed, and his left arm crushed and broken short otf above the elbow, tho bones protruding. Being immediately conveyed to Middle sex Hospital, his jaws were found to be extensively frac tured, and the injuries to the arm so great as to render amputation of the limb necessary. He was accordingly placed under chloroform, and in a few seconds the opera tion was skilfully performed. He is not espectttl to sur vive. AMONG TILE PASSENGERS WHO LEFT SOUTHAMP TON yesterday in the Royal West India mail packet Clyde, which took out the West India and Pacific mails, were Lord Harris, the Governor of Trinidad , and . Captain Booth, tho Lieut.-Governor of Monts errat.