The Express. — London, England, 1847-10-25 00:00:00

ght eppregg. MAILS. The eeeklied ellieei mak we lastmilloa, to the Sfedlterrmean, WI" t= e r b : Mae ENO ha, mill be made up on the alas The Imes he Vlge. Opei Leask Main. Cadiz, and Gibraltar .... I .:azig will be mien, mils et ibe filb Weber. TM Imes he Sem ewe& V an lmmmo's Land. Mt Noe Zereal.lll be miaow ea lie dile let November. TM Wog Isis at Immemileg Om Ike ateeleo, Itanduraa, and the Ilmamalp. vill bo mai up on ememelliet et . the 2nd November. The ileraehewl antiliare alledlui Math Greece, the lowan wane, Viltial•Aleihes led% relleelaseir . China. era Soutimaipton, mole up es doe mesinet ebe November. TO* mauls he BMW North Asestea, Bermuda, and the United MOM ma Mum& op ea tbe swan et tis 3rd November. The emus as tho Bev^ Ur Neer Plate, Mono, Pawn. bum, BM* Madeira, d IWO! Ayres, will be mode up OD the somata, Mho eth remstaltsr. TO CORITSPONDINTII. 0 .. Msertlamboata latsaJatl Om Tat Say.... 1.000 0 . 0 • 10 11 MN , 0 . 014 /1 1 . at eh@ OS" 10, Icatmie-tateet, by Tyr• taint co thy alty of publicatka. BIOS WATER OM IORDO?-■RIDOR. Two DAv—Mersilag.l l oft. 2; sits. ort 2. Te.llommor—blorsia, 12 am. Hot 3 ittereem. 33 W . pr. 3. LONDON, MONDAY, OCT. 25. THE United States general has at length with much daring, gallantry, and with the sacrifice of no inconsiderable portion of his troops and officers, over come the forts and armies which barred his entrance to Mexico, and has successfully established his footing in that capital. The Mexicans, as long as they were protected by walls, and had ammunition to ply cm non, fought with Spanish obstinacy ; but it also ap pears that they durst not await thiir foes in the open field, or even make resistance hand to hand, when the Americans came so close as to scale their parapets. Still it is evident that General Scorr bad no wish to proceed ta.txtremitits, and that he anxiously de sired an accommodation. The Mexican generals and authorities scam, however, not to have entertained the idea of closing with the American terms. Neither does it appear to have been in their power. SANTA ANNA used his efforts in vain to assemble a quorum of the Congress. Instead of this he received a protest from the deputies of Mexico, Xalieco, and Zacatecas, who had retired to Toluca, against any accommodation whatsoever being entered into with the Americans that was not sanctioned by the national representatives. GOMEZ FARIAS is at the head of this federation, which has troops, and which has even despatched a force to reduce a neighbouring province that resists their authority. In addition to this civilian protest, Gen. VALENCIA and a portion of the army have shown mistrust and hostility to SANTA ANNA. So that it seems impossible for this general, whatever his incli nation, to come to any accommodation with the Americans until the spirit of resistance is far more humbled than it has even been by the loss of the capital. We are now trade tally acquainted with the terms on which each party is willing to make peace. The de mand of A m er; ca is simply the cession of all the northern part of Mexico, from the 32nd to the 42nd degree of latitude, with Lower California, including the whole of New Mexico and Santa Fe. The Mexicans refuse this, but offer all the territory between the 37th and the 42nd degree, half, in fact, of the American de mand, Mexico retaining Santa Fe and Lower Califor nia, as well as Monterey, but ceding to the Americans the important district, which they so much covet, of San Francisco. Moreover, they object to cede the territory between the Rio Bravo asd the Nuecee, which was the principal cause of the war. M this territory is really of little importance, Mr. DUST asked for an interval to get instructions respecting it, when the ' negotiations were broken off by military impatience. There is one thing very remarkable in the offer of the Mexicans ; and this is, its complete conformity to the desires of the American whig party, as pro mulgated in the important speech of MT. WEBSTER, recently delivered. In that speech Mr. WEBSTER announces the certainty of a whig majority in the House of I tepresentativee, and he chalks out the line to be pursued 'oy that majority. It is to grant means for carrying on the war to the procuring of certain conditions, this very bay, port, and territory of Sun Francisco being the principal one. But the whigs went no more, and they will treat - Mr. PoLK, according to Mr. WEBSTER, as President MADISON was treated by the whigs many years past. lie was supported in the war against England, until England would submit to certain conditions ; but he was given to understand that he would not be supported in demanding more. And on this Mr. MADISON made peace. The intention seems to be now for the whige to approve of the Mexican offers as sufficient, and as getting rid of the quarrel which mast arise, were New Mexico to be annexed, like Texas, with the pro bability of its being a new slave-holding group of states. It would therefore appear that if the Mexicans bold out, and, (mewed even by the capture of their capital, continue the war, refusing to conclude peace on terms more onerous than ceding from the 37th degree of latitude, the Mexicans will, in a few weeks, find sup port in the American Congress itself, which will have to decide upon fresh efforts, armaments, and expenses, or the acceptance of SANTA ANNA'S offers. Much reference has been made to the intervention of the British envoy. But he surely cannot counsel Mexico to surrender all California and Santa Fe, with ten degrees of latitude. In the mean time, the government organs of Wash ington are full of rage and fury at the obstacles in the way of their designs. They press for reinforce ments and strenuous military efforts, and recommend that the army should live at free quarters in the Mexican villages, and thus punish that froward people for their obstinacy. Military reinforcements and efforts do indeed appear most n ; but as to ' plundering the Mexican peasant, this would soon tell most prejudicially to the interests of General Scorr,' who indeed has wisely exerted himself to prevent such excesses. Ors present police system is often referred to with pride when comparisons are made between the England of to-day and the England of a hundred years ago. The old Bow-street runner, who occupied an equivocal position between the public and the thief, has disappeared. The officer no longer stands to the offender in the relation of the gardener to his fruit, watching over it from the seed, aiding its growth, and plucking it when it is fully ripe. We have substituted the preventive for the detective principle. JONATHAN WILD, we are assured, is the type of an extinct species. But the defilement of crime mocks the operation of systems. The functionaries of prisons and police courts still furnish their quota of Pearhums and Lockits. There is an amount of petty rascality banging about the skirts of our criminal law adminis tration of which not only thepublic, but the respectable part of the legal profession, knows nothing. Every now and then we get an ugly glimpse of it. The other day we had an expeenre of the means of ester lion which oar grand jury system puts into the power of a class of wretches who make a livelihood by preferring infamous charges, supported by false oaths, and planned by the lowest description of attor neys. At the meeting of the Middlesex magistrates, on Thursday last, the report of the visiting justices of the House of Detention at Clerkenwell furnished evi dence of equally atrocious practices on the part of certain petty officers of prisons and police courts. This report shows that the race of JONATHAN WILDS, in passe, still flourishes on the scene of its former achievements. Two wardens of the Clerkenwell Sessions-house are proved to have been in the habit of turning the bail-dock into a place of entertainment, allowing strangers to bring into it beer and spirits, and socially partaking with them of these refreshments. One of these same precious rascals took the last Gd. from the wife of a prisoner for carrying a message from her to the husband. While inquiring into this case, the visiting justices ascertained that the husband had been committed from the Marylebone Police Court. While he was in confinement there, his wife made an application to see bim. The gaoler refused ; but a bribe of 2s. and a glass of gin brought about what the imploring agony of the wife bad no power to effect, and she wan admitted to see her husband. The same gaoler had before taken 2s. Gd. from the man for carrying a message to the wife. Ile further took upon him to recommend a legal adviser, a " Mr." Itonissos, to whom he seems to have acted as " loiter." The prisoner said he had committed the offence he was charged with, and should plead guilty. The gaoler dissuaded him from this, dwelling on the seriousness of his caw, and again suggesting " Mr." ROBINSON as "a very clever man in such matters." In a mint sulously short time "Mr." ROBINSON appeared. De demanded five guineas for the costs of the defence. To raise the money, the wife sold everything she pos sessed in the world, even to the shoes from htr own and her children's feet. With all her efforts the found herself three shillings short of the sum de manded. " Mr." ROBINSON took hold of her pocket and shook it, saying, " Come, this is not all you have got; you have something more here." The case came on for trial. The husband, by the advice of his counsel, pleaded guilty. " Mr." ROBINSON pocketed his 5/. 14s. 6d., minus, in all probability, a guinea really paid to counsel. The poor faithful wife was left penniless—her little stock of furniture and clothes sacrificed to an extor tionate scoundrel in the min hope of saving her hus band. Were this an isolated case, an indignant denuncia tion of the heartless rascality of the MITCHELLS and ROBINSONS is all that it would be likely to provoke from the journalist. But as it is not an isolated case, bat an example of what is, in all probability, going on daily in every police-office of London, we cannot satisfy ourselves by passing it over with an aimless expression of disgust. It is necessary that some steps' should be taken, if possible, to prevent this abuse of their situation b y police-officers, and some restrictions introduced which will render the infamous trade of the "Mr." ROBINSONS unremunerative at least, if not dangerous. We have given the prisoner a power of free commu nication with his legal adviser while in confinement, and the aid of counsel when in the dock. Justice seemed to demand so much. But there can be no doubt that, as both these privileges are exercised at present, justice is more impeded than furthered by them, while serious discredit is brought by their abuse on both brunches of the legal profession. As a I class, " prisoners' attorneys" unhappily take rank among the most pestilent and shameless of their call ing. Nor will any impartial . member of the bar deny that it is in the defence of prisoners that the most de grading arta of the barrister are resorted to, and the most unwarrantable concessions made to the prejudices and ignorance of common juries. It is only by a complete separation of the barrister in his wig from the gentleman out of it that any man of honour can even attempt to reconcile the common practice of defences with a duo respect for truth and the common sense of right and wrong. It is this department of the barrister's duties which supplies the strongest and most popular arguments of de claimers against his profession ; and certainly, if a barrister's practice were confined to the defence of prisoners, we should not expect to see men of cha racter and conscience wearing wigs and gowns. 1 An improvement in the intelligence of jurors, however arrived at, would be the best corrective of this evil as it affects the barrister. But the attorney is shielded from even the fraction of public opinion represented by twelve men in a box, or the audience of a criminal court. He can only be held in check by a seltengendered sense of duty, or by the most stringent external restraints upon overcharges and extortions. There is little to be looked for from the former of these checks in the case of such men as generally adopt this branch of practice. In default of this, unluckily, there is no application whatever of the latter. The prisoner's attorney screws out of his client what he pleases, whether under the head of costs of court, consultations, or fees to counsel. We have been careful to shelter the prisoner from the old I enormities of garnish and gaolers' charges. But he often pays them ten times over to his attorney. It is proverbial at assizes that the sums marked on defence briefs are but a fraction of the amount wrung from prisoners as counsel's fees. Many who wish to avow their guilt are induced by these legal harpies, who hang about gaols and keep up an understanding with turnkeys and petty police-officers, to plead not guilty, from trust in the ingenuity of some favourite counsel, who has the ear of the juries of the county. This practice induces delay and uncertainty of justice, and has a tendency to swell county expenses, from the necessity of preparing in the prosecution for encountering a skilful defence. It is, moreover, the raw offender, or (in the few cases of innocence that come to trial) the innocent man, who is thus victimized by the " gaol-bird" practitioner. The old hands know the scale of fees as well as he does. They are not worth bleeding. But their richest harvest is when, as in the case reported to the Middlesex magis trates, they meet with a devoted wife, or heart-broken, loving mother or sister, who is ready to beggar herself that the unworthy object of affection may have every chance of escape. In such cases these Quirks, Gammons, and Snaps drive a roaring trade. They coin affection into guineas, and use the heart-strings to open the purse. _ . . • • The only means of putting a stop to these execrable practices would be by taxing all bills for defences, and compelling the production of vouchers for all sums entered as coats out of pocket. This would ruin a trade which subsists on illegal exactions. It would no longer be worth while to fee officers for a good word which brought in no more than honest profits. The restrictioa would drive many rogues into new branches of roguery, on which the light of public opinion had not yet been turned, while it would clip the wings of those who stock to the call ing. It is no good objection to this proposal that the class we would thus serve is generally a worthless one—that, with our present system of committals, very few innocent men come to trial. If the law considers prisoners entitled to facilities for defence, it is bound to see that they are not plundered in providing them, just as much as if they were unsuspected, or even honest men. All the arga ments by which the present taxation of bills of costs may be supported, apply (and some of them with double force) to the taxation of costs for the defence of prisoners. The practitioners who ran up the latter are the most unscrupulous, the clients who incur them the most ignorant and unprotected of their class. We trust that this subject will not be forFotten among the impending improvements in our criminal legislation. FOR a great while it was the fashion in Irish poli tics to talk of applying the British constitution to the sister country, as one would speak of administering a plaister to a bruise. It did not very clearly appear what the political doctors meant by the words British constitution. With one it was catholic emancipation ; with another it was parliamentary reform. At one time it was the promotion of catholics to office ; at another it meant abolition of tithes. Nor was it any wonder that the words conveyed no definite ideas, seeing that even in England we have not very well agreed as to the tree interpretation of our constitution. We believe, however, that it is now very generally recognised that oar constitution means something more than the government of Queen, Lords, and Commons. People have at last begun to understand that the true constitution should comprehend more than its executive government, or its legislative assemblies. The social idea is now be coming better understood, and the soundest philoso phers see that statesmen must look to something broader and more popular than mere political arrangements. Hitherto, the British constitution has not been prac tically applied to Ireland. It is only now that we are erecting there, in all its integrity, our parochial sys tem. The Irish have had liberty of the press, and ample freedom of the subject. They have had the same legal rights as ourselves, but their so cial system was neglected, and their mere political state alone attended to. And, in saying this, we may remind our readers that Irish statesmen and Irish popular leaders have been often the cause of this neglect ; for, instead of directing the public mind to the economy of society, they preferred assailing, sometimes the character, and sometimes the measures, of the executive. See how little attention was paid by O'CONNELL to the question of poor relief, compared with his incessant harangues on all the evils of Ire land, real or imaginary, except those which actually came nearest to the poor man ! Look back to the annals of the Irish liament , and see the patriots of the sister island d iscussing anything bat the state of the poor. The public mind of Ireland seems to have no taste for the details of business. The intricate and complicated questions arising out of poor relief make a heavy demand on the sober and least showy, though most useful, faculties of the mind. But at last, the British constitution, properly under stood, is to be established in Ireland. Our parochial system, with its self-government, its responsibilities, and its corporate privileges, has from the time of the Reformation been the main basis of oar social edifice. The English peasant has leant more heavily upon the parish than upon parliament. To him, the sovereign and legislature have been mere abstractions; the British constitution has been recognised by him rather in the authorities of his native parish, in his right to relief in destitution, and in his claims upon the land for subsistence. So also, our middle classes have been most familiarised with the constitution in their local powers, rather than in the undoubted pre eogaiivet. which belong to every British subject. A country may have a bad political constitution, yet its social system may work vigorously, and thrive. On the other band, a people may have great political pri vileges and possess a wretched social system. Such has been the came of Ireland. In England we have always had a complete social sestem, which has withstood a series of political changes. We have had our political revolution, during the last three centuries, but we never had a social convulsion like that in France. Under Caox- WELL there was no social revolution. The ideas of the protectorate were antagonistic to the monarchy and the church, not to the form of English society. There have been important changes, but no sweeping, overwhelming, social revo lution amongst us. for three centuries. But in Ireland, society has never been placed on a proper basis until the present time. At last, legislators and statesmen have grarpled with the social system. The mere distribution of political power in Ireland has ceased to occupy their thoughts. How to employ the artisan —how to stimulate the capitalist to enterprise—how to compel the landlord to discharge his duties—are now the prominent subjects of thought with Irish rulers. The same mode of thinking must become prevalent oa amongst the Irish proprietors. The of guardians must become inoculated with these views. They must be made to feel the fall extent of their great responsibility. They must be taught the real nature of the case before them. The parochial system, which probably more than any other of our institutions has been the main cease of our prosperity, is for the first time established in Ireland. If the guardians act with high public spirit, they will take part in the glo rious work of establishing and fixing firmly the social pyramid. Too long have the vain efforts of successive statesmen been directed to fix the pyramid on the smaller end ; at last the film has pained from their eyes, and the truth become recognised, that upon the people the social system in Ireland must be based. The boards of guardians have a vast work before them. We look to their proceedings with more in terest than to the sayings or doings of any other bodies in the Irish community. Why need we care to listen to the discussions of the Irish council, when we know that in every poor-law union there is, or ought to be, a real Irish council, guaranteed by the authority of law, and intrusted with the most im portant duties? The boards of guardians are armed with real power, while the Irish council is merely a place for making speeches de omnibus. Every day brings accounts of the success of the Irish government in overcoming the resistance and objections of boards of guardians; some of which, even in wealthy parts of the country, were recalci trant, merely from a perverse wish to do the work of charity their own way. Gradually, however, they have been made to comprehend how much more easily and effectively this could bo done by the aid of the law, and in concert with the government. There is now every prospect of the Irish poor law being made to operate with success in five-sixths of the unions. There still will remain several districts in a deplorable and exceptional state. In these districts there are wanting the classes of the landlord, the farmer, and the citizen : for the landlord may be considered as non-existent, or worse. Government must supply the place of all; and to fix the mode of its doing so will require no small effort of political ingenuity. In more wealthy districts the great difficulty, not merely of the poor law, but of maintaining the conti nuance of social existence and of any kind of industry, lies in the relation between landlord and tenant These relationsare now in a state of doubt and chaos. To restore them to some degree of normal regularity, and certainty, is indispensable to the working, not merely of the poor law, but of any law in Ireland. Our Paris despatches and journals of Saturday have arrived. The latter continue to be occupied with the Swiss question. A sharp polemic has arisen on this between the Journal des Debats and the op position press, in which the organ of M. Guizot and Louis Philippe pours the phials of its wrath and ex hausts the whole vocabulary of vituperation. The same journal treats with a proportionate amount of approbation and eulogy the minority which opposes the execution of the decrees of the legitimate govern ment, to which, nevertheless, M. Guizot has accre dited a representative in the person of M. Bois le Comte. The details of this controversy would have little interest for the public here. Notwithstanding the arrival by every mail of re ports of the progress of the commercial crisis in this country and the failure of so many extensive houses, no effect has been produced on the commercial and monetary interest in Paris. Affairs on the Bourse continue steady. No decline of prices follows the bulletins which announce the successive decline of the Consols. The Threes fluctuate as usual between 75 and 76. Bank Shares have risen. No general decline is observable in railway stock. The National was seized on Thursday at its bureau, and at the post-office. That journal pro fesses to be ignorant of the cause of this. A report prevailed in well informed quarters that the Bank of France will take a considerable share in the approaching loan. It is also said that an appli cation will be made by the Bank to obtain the neces sary authorisation to augment its social capital from 68,000,000, its present amount, to 90,000,000. His Royal Highness the Prince de Joinville left the Islands of Hydres on the 17th, in the steam-sloop Titan, bound, it is believed, for Civita Vecchia. The Gazette du Languedoc asserts positively that the denial made by the lifoniteur of a subscription having been opened at Nismee for M. Teste was false; and it adds, that the subscription, which it says was closed some days ago, has amounted to 90,000 f. Our correspondence from Switzerland, and the journals of Berne, have reached us to the 21st. The deputies of the Sonderbund evinced no symptom of yielding, with the exception of the canton of Lug, the deputy of which intimated his intention of proposing a compromise, on certain guarantees being given. The reports of the military movements in the cantons of the league were contradictory, and nothing was cer tain, except some inspections and reviews which had taken place in some of the cantons. The apprehen sions of an immediate attack on Argau had proved groundless. That canton, as well as those of Zurich and Berne, had, however, taken every necessary pre caution. The citizens of Fribourg who adhere toi the federal government were emigrating from that canton in large numbers to Berne, whi ther the political prisoners had already for the moat part escaped. The uneasiness of Berne was extreme. The fourteen federal commissioners ap pointed to confer with the cantonal governments of the Sonderbund were on the point of departure. The instructions given to them were discussed in a secret committee of the 20th. The proclamation to be issued was prepared and adopted by the Diet on the 21st, on which day the federal commissioners were to have left for the cantons to which they were respec tively deputed. It was expected that about a fort night would elapse before their return, and before the result of their mission would be known. In this in terval the Diet was to complete the organisation of the federal troops, and to settle the questions arising I out of the seizure of the steamer by the Vaudois go ' vcroment on the lake of Neufchatel. We mentioned on Saturday that the federal govern ment had sent Colonel Kurz to Lucerne to obtain spme objects connected with the military hospitals of the confederacy, which had been deposited in the cus tody of the federal commissary at that place. On the demand of M. Kurz, the cemmiesarv, M. Schindler, delivered them as a mere matter in the routine of his duty. When the waggon laden with these (among them were, it seems, several thousand blankets) was passing the gates of Lucerne, it was stopped by the police and brought back to the desrostes. On this M. Schindler lefifor Berne, to lay the circumstances before his official superiors' there. When his departure reached the ears of M. Meyer, captain of police, he mounted a horse, pursued M. Schindler, overtook him before his arrival at the Berneso frontier, arrested him, and conducted him as a prisoner back to Lucerne. Some accounts add that the Lucerne government have peremptorily ordered Colonel Kurz to leave the canton at two hours' notice. This proceeding is the more remarkable, inasmuch as M. Kurz, although an officer in the federal service, is, politically, a conservative, and therefore, personally, not obnoxious to the party of the league. Advicts have arrived from various parts of Italy, with the journals from Turin of the 19th, and from Leghorn of the 15th. In the absence of Cardinal 'Parretti, proceedings were adopted at Rome which were ascribed to the influence of those members of the retrograde party who still remain in the offices of the secretary of date and the police. The . journal Pallas had been suspended, and the Biknew, a mo derate paper, reputed to be the semi-official organ of the Papal government, was menaced, for having blamed the contract made with the French govern ment for twelve thousand muskets, those to be delivered being of the obsolete flint-lock con struction, The officers of the garrison were repri manded because the men fraternised with the naticnal gaard The Marquis Dragonetti, a Nea politan, had been ordered to quit Rome in eight days. A singer at the operahaving excited great enthusiasm by some stanzas in the opera of Ernam, in favcur of the Pope, the performance of the pieces was inter , dieted. These and similar measures had induced a deputation to be sent to the Abbaye de San Oeste, where Cardinal Ferretti had retired for a few days to implore of him to return to Home. On his return it was expected that a petition would be presented to the Pope for the removal of the retrograde party from office. On the sth the Pope by a motes proprio instituted a council of state—a measure not inferior in im portance to the municipality which he had created only a fortnight before. This body is to consist of a cardinal-president, a prelate vice-president, and 24 councillors to be appointed by the provinces, with fixed salaries. Each province will name a coun cillor, Bologna two, Home four. The council will consist of four sections. I. The legislative. 11. The financial. 111. The administrative. IV. The army, prisons, Ac. The subjects which will come under the consideration of the council are enumerated as fol lows; 1. The government, in all that relates to the general interests of the state or the special in terests of the provinces. 2. The preparation, reform, and modification of the laws and all ad ministrative regulations. 3. The contraction and liquidation of the public debt, the imposition and abolition of taxes, and the control of public pro perty. 4. The granting and dissolving of public con tracts. 5. The regulation of the customs and treaties of commerce. 6. The regulation of the budget, and the verification and control of the public expenditure. 7. The revision and reformation of the municipal and provincial councils. Such are briefly the heads of this most important measure, which may be regarded as approaching in character to the charter of a new constitution. Advices received from Naples to the 15th say that, notwithstanding the transient hopes which were ex cited, the King obstinately refuses to consent to any reforms. A fresh insurrection was spoken of as having broken oat at Messina. The Austrians still occupied Ferrara, nor was there any indication of an approaching evacuation of that city. The Austrian governm-nt had deprived Pro fessor Cantu of his salary, for having expressed him• self favourably to the Pope and to Italy, in a speech delivered at the scientific congress at Venice. The Nourellfste, of Marsedies, gives the following letter from Le vhorn , dau Fal the sth inst. : You are already aware of the annexation of the Duchy of Lucca to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany; but what is not generally noticed is that in virtue of the treaty of Vienna, the little province of Lunigiana is to be separated from Tuscany, to pass under the administration of the Duke of Modena. At the news of the annexation, this unfortunate province itutu deputation to the grand duke with the bishop at its head, supplicating hint to relieve it front this denationalisation. The people of Leghorn, sympathising its the grief of their brethren, yesterday drew up a petition, tlemandiag from the Grand Duke that the province of Lunigiana should not be separated from his states, showing forth the nuns. coos and important maim which itvendered to the republic in 1450 and 1177, and particularly to the Grand Duke Ferdinand 11. in 16.50. This petition, which beam more than 20,000 signatures, announces that the inhabitants of Luoigiana are ready to repel by force every invasion by a frontier country, not connected with Tuscany. They appear di:posed to aban don the natal soil en masse rather thin submit to the govern ment cf the Duko of Modena. The following remarkable words terminate the petition of the Leghorn people The inhabitants of this city offer your royal highness all their goods and possessions to preserve to Tuscany the province of Lunigiana ; and in the same +ayes they will be always ready to shed their blood ler your defence, they are ready to give up their fortune to redeem, if necessary, their brethren." The Specter Gazette states that the Pope, in ad dressing himself direct to the Emperor of Austria, has rather retarded than advanced the negotiations respecting the occupation of Ferrara, and that no hope is entertained of an arrangement without the mediation of some third power. The Madrid mails of the 17th have arrived, but those of the 18th are still due. An amnesty for the offences charged against the press was announced, and permission was given to the InfaLte Don Fran cisco de Paula, and his daughter, the father, and the sister of the King Consort, to return to Madrid. The Minister of Finance was undoing all that M. Sala manca did in the official arrangements of the depart ment. In general the el.anges made by the former cabinets were being abolished, and things restored to their former footing. Among others, the gentle men of the chamber who were suppressed are restored. The Heraldo contains a leading article, recom mending the government to take active measures to bring about a reconciliation between Spain and the Northern Powers, and especially with Prussia. Some sensation had been created at Madrid by the intelli gence that 400 armed men had entered the govern ment of Sea de Urgel, under the conduct of French guides. At Moseuy, a band of 130 insurgents was, after a contest, dispersed by the Queen's troops on the 9th. Great exertions were being made by the moderado party to secure a favourable result in the municipal elections. A committee was appointed to stimulate the zeal of the electors of that party. The government has issued a royal order, putting • stop to all the prosecutions now pending against the press. This is generous and praiseworthy, and is, it may . be hoped, a sincere pledge of moderation. It is said that Salamanca had a long interview with the Queen the day before her mother's arrival. The garrison of Madrid is about to be increased by some regiments of infantry. Salamanca's change in the organisation of the official part of the finance department is to be done away with. Works of importance are said to be preparing in the office of the interior. It is said that four auspicious characters have been arrested upon presumption of their intention to as sassinate the Duke of N alencia. A letter from Senda (Catalonia), in the Ern, reports the surprise of the cabeeilla,Griset,with 65 followers. Five tebels who had deserted from his band betrayed their position to the troops at Mombrido, in the pro vince of Tarragona. 400 Cannata arc said to have en tered from France, with five French guides, through Sett de Urgel. The King and Queen went out on the 16th at noon in a covered carnage, through pelting rain, to visit the Infanta Teresa, Duchess of Sesa, it being herfile. Another ball is to take place at the palace, but it will be more private than the last, and rather a family party, as few persons are expected to be invited. The Queen-mother held a reception yesterday, which was numerously attended. The King also received many visitors of distinction. THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 25, 1847. ebt_Court. - - - WINDSOR, SITNDAY.—The Duke and Duchess of Bed ford, the Earl and Countess of Westmoreland, and the Right lt,m. Sir R. and Lady Peel, arrived yesterday afternoon on a visit to her Majesty. The Royal dinner party at the Castle yesterday evening included the Duchess of Kent, the Duke and Duchess of Bedford, the Earl and Countess of Westmore land, Lady Anna Maria Dawson, Baroness de Speth, Sir R. and Lady Peel, and Mile L. Dawson Darner. Mr. H. Cole submitted to Prince Albert, on Satur day, various designs and models by Messrs. Bell, lloroley, Redgmre, and 'Townsend, executing for Summerly's Art Manufactures. Tho Queen and Prince Albert, her Majesty's visi tors, the Ladies and Gentlemen of this Court, and the domes tic household, attended (Urine service in the private chapel of the castle. The Duke of Cambridge left town on Saturday on a visit to the Duchess of Gloucester, et her residence in Richmond. park. A deputation of the principal bankers of the City of London, headed by Mr. Masterman, M.P., hid an inter view with Lord John Russell on Saturday, at his official residence in Downing-street. Baron Rothschild, M.P., had also an interview with his lordship on Saturday. The Earl of Cawdor and Mr. Bodkin had interviews with Sir George G rey on Friday evening at the Home-office. Mr. Brooke had an interview with Earl Grey on Saturday at the Colonial-office. Mr. Ellis had an interview on Saturday with Sir George Grey at the Hotne.offico. A meeting of the cabinet ministers was held at the official residence of the First Lord of the Treasury in Down ing street. There were present Lord John Russell, the Lord Chancellor, Sir George Grey, Viset. Palmerston, Earl Grey, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Earl of Auck land, Lord Campbell, Visct. Morneth, the Marquis of Clan ricarde, and the Rfght lion. T. B. Macaulay. The cabinet sat two hours. Visct. Palmerston left town after the meeting. The Hon. Capt. Gore, RN., is appointed charge d'Affaires and consul-general at Monte Video, in the room of Mr. Turner, who has retired on his pension.—Ubserver. THE CURRENCY CRUHB.--It WAS generally under stood at the clubs on Saturday evening that the nocturnal visit of the Chancellor of the Exchequer to the en-Premier had reference to a proposed modification of the exieting money laws. There was no movement of consequence amongst the other members of the cabinet. MORYLESONE VESTRY. —At a meeting of thin vestry, held on Saturday, the question was taken into con sideration as to what would be the beat means to procure ad vances from Sir Claude Scott and Co., beakers, Cavendish square, or any other banking-house, on certain terms. It will be remembered that a motion was made on the Satur day previous, by Mr. George Danielle, that an application should be m ade to Sir Claude Scott and Co. for a further loan of 10,0001. for three months, at fire per cent., the parish being already 5,000/. indebted, and 2,0001. overdrawn iu their banking account. A communication was of course made to the firm of Sir Claude Scott and Co., and that com pany refused to grant the advance upon the terms specified. A further communication was made, not only with the house of Sir Claude Scott and Co., hut with the London and West minster and other banks, and the principal business before the vestry this day wu to hear and consider the answers of these banks. The minutes of last day having been read, ,it was moved, that the consideration of that minute which had reference to the advances from the bank be postponed till after twelve o'clock, and that in the meantime a deputation should wait upon Sir Claude Scott and Co., to enter, if possible, upon some arrangement which might prevent the disconnexion of the parish with their recognised bankers. After some discussion, this course was agreed to. The letters from Sir Claude Scott and Co., and the London and Westminster Bank, were then read. The former company refused to make the required advances unless the vestry gave bonds for the amount, with bonds also for the 6,0001. already advanced, and 2,0001. overdrawn. The London and Westminster said that they were willing to advance the 10,0001., provided the parish allowed 5,0001. to remain in the bank. The reading of these letters gave rise to another and rather virulent discussion, which ended in &de putation being sent to Sir Claude Scott and Co.'s, for the purpose of entering into some arrangement, and upon their return, at a quarter to one o'clock, it wu announced that Sir Claude Scott and Co. bad, in the handsomest manner, offered to advance the sum of 14,000!., at 5 per cent., secured upon parish bonds, provided that 6,0001., now bearing interest at 4 per cent., as well as a balance overdue of 2,0001. be liquidated out of the present loan. The terms were ac ceded to amidst scclsmation.—Sir James Hamilton moved, " That the thanks of the hoard be tendered to Sir Claude Scott and Co., for the courtesy and liberality they bad evinced in the advance of 14,0001. to the pariah of Ms le ' bone to meet its existing temporary exigencies ;" and Mr. George Daniell% having seconded the motion, it was tarried amidst loud cheering. - - - CLIARING-CROSS BRIDGE COMPANY. —A final gene ral meeting of the proprietors of this company was held on Saturday lost, at No. 9, Villiers-street, Strand. Mr. \V lbswes took the chair at one o'clock. The meeting was called for the purpose of considering the arrangements en tered into by the directors for rescindicg the contract for the sale of the bridge, and also of raising a sum of money to meet the company's liabilities. The report of the directors stated, That after the half. yearly general meeting of the proprietors held In August, they appointed a oommittee, consisting of Mr. Seager, Mr. Child, and Mr. English, ,to inquire into the itbancisl position of the company, and to report' their opinion as to the test means of pro riding for the payment of the preraing demands on its (Imams. The report of that coatmiuee had been furnished by the directors of this company to those of the Hungerford-market Company, together with the resolutions to be proposed that day, and the approval of those gentlemen had finally been obtained.—The Chairman moved, and Mr. Blunt seconded, the reception of this report, when Mr. Brown rose and called upon the chairman to read • document which he called " a protest," signed by Messrs. Cope, Varnham, Rudall, and Rae, in which they declared that they would not in any way recognise the legality of the arrangements entered into by the directors I,r the sale of the bridge, and intimated their intention of prosecuting them for the course which they had planned. This document the Chairman declined to receive, because Mr. Brown refused to propose it as an amendment. Before the motion was put, Mr. Elkin and other gentlemen referred to a resolution which had been proposed by the di rectors for the raising of 20,0001. by the issue of 2,200 quarter shares of 61. fie. each, their object being principally to awn , tain what security the company had, that if the money were so raked the shares would not find their way into the market. —The Chairman, in reply, stated that a mi nute had been passed by the board, which stated positively that the shares were not to be issued, and an as surance to that effect bad been given to the market com pany. The money would be borrowed for a limited period, and the directors would take care to deal only with honour able lenders. The re pin was then received, for the purpose of being entered on the minutes. Mr. Brown's document was then read from the chair, but the Chairman declined to enter it on the minutes as a protest, declaring that it had no direct reference to the business of that meeting. It was, of course, open to the protesting parties to vote against the re solutions. The Chairman then proposed, and Mr. Blunt seconded, the following resolution That the arrangements entered into by the directors with Mr. Jackson, Sir Joshua Walmsley, alevrs. Reed and Fuller, for rescind ing the contract with them for the sale and purchase of the bridge and other property of the company, be approved; and that the directors be, and arc hereby authorised. to affix the company's seal to any instrument which may be required for that purpose. Mr. Elkin then proposed an amendment for postponement until after a committee of shareholders, to be appointed by the meeting, had inspected and reported on the affairs of the company.—Mr. Brown seconded the amendment, which, on a division, was lost, the numbers being :—For the ori ginal motion, 16 ; against it, 10.—The Chairman next proposed— Tbat a sum of money not exceeding 20,0001. be raised, pursuant to the power for that purpose granted by the company's act of parka men; 6 Viet., cap. 19, by the Issue of 3,200 quarter sham of 6/. Is. each ; such shares to be issued by the directors at ouch times and in such mauler as they may think bat calculated to promote the inte rests of the oriathal shareholder. In the company. The motion haling been seconded, Mr. Elkin rroposed, as an amendment, to strike out all,words from " calculated," and to insert the following :—" Subject to the restrictions in reference to the security to be given by the directors for not issuing the shares to the public, in pursuance of their reso lution on the day of , 1917."—1n reply tea number of questions, Mr. Coleschild (a director) stated that the object of raising 20,0001. was to enable the company to divide its earnings. He, for one, was firmly of opinion that capital should be treated as capital, and dividend as dividend —This amendment having been seconded, the chairman put it t 4 the meeting ; when 6 hands wire held up in favour of it, and 14 against it.—Upon the original resolution being put, the numbers were—For the resolution, 15 ; against it, 6.—Mr. Elkin then demanded a ballot, the result of which was as follows—For the original motion, 46; against it. 15.—Before the meeting closed, Mr. Stutely, deputy chairman of the market company, confirmed the statement of the chairman with reference to the concurrence of the directors of that company.—A vote of thanks was given to the chairman and the directors. SIIAKSPESRE NIENIORTAL Nicrrrs.—The lessees of the theatres of Covent-garden and Drury-lane have given the free use of their respective theatres for the purpose of a " Shakspeare Memorial Ni ht." The lessee of the theatres at York, Leeds, and Hull, has also granted to the chairman the free use of his several theatres, upon which occasions Lord Morpeth, M.P. for Yorkshire, has given his patronage. E.tqTERN COUNTIES RAILWAY.—A LILLIPITTIAN ENGINE.—On Saturday, availing ourselves of an invitation from the directors of the above company, we proceeded to the Bishopsgate terminus, in order to view, and take a trip by, a new engine and carriage, constructed from de signs by Mr. Samuel, the resident engineer. On proceed ing to one of the sidings beyond the platform we were not a little surprised to find what appeared in size to be an engine little beyond that of a model, as compared with its more ponderous neighbours, a Lilliputian among.Brob dignags, with a boy of 15 years old, selected for his mtelli- Fence and knowledge of engines—having made three work ing models himself—as aseistant engineer and stoker, quite in unison, therefore, with the dwarflike machine. The dimensions of the vehicle to which we were about to commit ourselves may be thus stated. The entire length of frame of engine and carriage, which is one, 12 feet 6 inches, on four wheels, 3 feet 8 inches in diameter, the leading and driving wheels being of equal size; and the width from centre I. centre nine feet, the wheel being outside all. The frame is divided in the middle by a bulkhead, about five feet high, into two compartments, the foremost containing the engine and machinery, and the latter the seats for the passenger'. The bailer is a veraioal one, on the American principle, consisting of 34 tubes, an inch and a quarter each in diameter, its diameter being two feet, and height three feet six inches. The flue beneath is one foot from the rails, level with the floor, and the entire height of flue, boiler, and chimney seven feet six inches. The machine), the working parts of which are all cem posed of steel, is enclosed in boxes on the sides of the com partment, consisting of two inside cylinders three inches in diameter, with a six inch stroke, crank axle, link motion, with the usual reversing gear. The water tank is in the croft seat, against the division board of the two compartments, and will hold a sufficient supply for a run of from eighteen to twenty miles. Coal is used in consequence of its being so much easier of combustion than coke in a furnace of such small dimensions. The paseenger compartment is open, and resembles what is termed an inside Irish ear, having a seat crosswise against the division board, and one on either tide, which, together, will convenien.ly accommo date 7 persons. The weight of the whole, which is suspended on spiral Ge.jnit sprip:s, when in working order, exclusive of passeneere, is'about 22 cu: . • nod is :ibis to travel at the rate of 40 miles an hour, the boiler Laving borne g 3 g.' ;.; sinus. Mr. s2c.uperle t ooku re his on p pressurere of 200 to the Nome inch; but it is not intended to drive loacrdeinaltrYth°e cc her t at althfi-spasrattel2ofM.peed or gine, the invited their seats, and away we went with an ease ' and facility perfectly astonishing, oscillation being scarcely I discerniWe, passing the points and crossings as though we were on a continuous straight line of rails. We arrived at the Cambridge station at a quarter to three o'clock. Three stoppages wero purposely made in the progress, for water and other purposes, which occupied nearly half an hour, so that the journey of .571, mitre may fairly be said to have been accomplished is If hours, in more than one instance during which the speed attained was at the rate of 43 miles an hour. Mr. Samuel's object in constructing this engine has been to produce a useful piece of locomotive machinery upon a limited wale, for particular purposes, in dsiog which he has done away with what he corimidcrs all useless end unneces sary ussised; has brought the gravity as low down, and as near the rails as possib;c, so as to immure safsty ; and this obtain a useful working engine and accommodation to the extent stated, at somewhere about one-fourth of t'la cost of patting on in an emergency, a " pilot " or" express" engine of present size and construction. Snch is the comparative charge, at any rate, at which the use of this meaos of tran s i t has been offered to (convey news or newspapers on important and extraordinary occasions, when it may be comidered ad visable to send It er them down their lines o u t of the mull course. Mr. Samuel states most confidently, tha t with some alterations ' additions, and trifling enlargements, h e s h a l l b e enabled to drive an engine and carriage of this deseriptio n 90 miles within the hour. Unfortunately the rain, which h a d begun to fall during our route, set in so heavily !or the re mainder of the day after our reaching Cambridg . .., as to for bid, to our great regret, all hope of returniug by ..tar esulluea parro, she was consequently consigned to tier proper resting place, and we ti the "station," until ka!f-past nine o'clock, when, by the aid of a " special," we I. it the Cant behind us, rea ching London in an hour and 35 mir nte.. We have a dim recollection of a christening in the i , nervel, std that this " little wonder " was named the "Novdty.. , CAPTAIN HALL, LATE OP THE SHIP BRITON.—W e learn that Captain Alexander Hall, of the fi... ship Ben Lomond, just arrived in the Mersey, from B. obey, be. longing to the same owners as the Briton, ha. received , letter from the Admiralty, complimenting h foe his gallant exertions at the double wreck on the Ai !mane, in the winter of 1845, and enclosing a cheque fur 1' *guineas. AURORA BOREALIS.—Last night, at ohms , .0 o'clock, the metropolis was visited by the Aurora Boreal •. It first made its appearance in the north-west, and was osagtoed to be a fire, es the metropolis and the suburbs wen ghted far miles round, and the engines from the various .. were called out, but the changing hues and Vie . adual dis- appearance of the lurid light soon dispelled such t ars. It ie said that the early appearance of these lights gen. rally rates the coming of a very severe winter. ATTEMPT AT Suitiuz.—On Saturday, at I o'clock, on Westminster-bridge, a respectably.drissed o.en, appa rently between 50 and 60 years of age, was seen by several persons to scramble over the wooden palisading of the bridge at the fourth pier from the new houses of parli anent, and instantly disappear. One or two rushed to tl. spot, and were shoeked to see the unfortunate man strum: inn in the tide, and to add to their horror, the Citizen steam g, goi ng up at the moment, appeared to have passed ore him. At the moment he precipitated himself from the s• dtment, a fisherman, named John Wood, saw him and inst.... ly pulled to his asaistence, which the crew of the steamer Is unable to render, owing to the distance the up-tide had t eed him Wood laid hold of him by the coat-collar, but the otr.ent he did so the man, whose life he was endeavouring •o save e. the risk of his own, bit his finger so vio!entiv that I. wafts. penal to loose his hold, whilst the drowning man zelaimed, "Oh, let me go, let me go !" and appeared dot= hoi.ed up on self-destruction. Two *intermit has. Campbell and G eo. Saunders, of Lambeth-pier, dashede off in thri: • kid, sad arrived ju't in time to lay hold of the unfortunah as Wood had let him go ; and notwitbstanang th tesperate resistance he offered to their humane efforts toe) . • at-ended, not without considerable risk to their own lives, •!ragging him into their boat, arid in a few minutes landed him at the ht , IIS of the bridge in a very *bausted state. When brought to the hospital, a Mr. O. stated that the gentleman's name was Mr. Jones Cowl,. ; that he was of the firm of John and James Cowlishaw 4Detby, railway carriage builders; that he bad been for me time engaged in business with Mr. Jackson and hi anon, builders, and lived at 42, I3ankside. While his r.. • were being removed, Mr. Cowlishaw appeared to he in hute of great mental despondency, and exclaimed one ir twice, Oh ! lam a ruined man." Though much I from the length of time he was in the water rent in danger, but his mental depression appears rather t increase than diminish. THE CURRENCY. Sir,—Permit me to lay before you a plan which would effect an elasticity in the currency without .iitordsriair with payments in coin or altering the standard of • .lue, which would mitigate the pressure and be self i..ljusting. Bank paper being fixed at fcurtren millions , and as exa ing being required to be represented by gold and silver la the coffers of Bank ; and if that amount be taken at eight millions, it foams that the circulating medium is restricted to twenty-two millions, at present. The plan is to allow the Bank to issue notes op n Exche quer Bills payable in gold or in Excheyner Bills, at he option of the holder of bank-notes, and that such issue be limited to 2 millions. The Bank not to be called upon to pay is Exchequer Bills more than the amount upon which it has issued, and in sums not less than 500 f. The Bank u, publish the amount of the Exchequer Bills in its coffers upon which it has issued, in the same manner as the amounts of 'he gold and silver. The Beak would then have a cathi'iility to supply a circulating medium at the present time 124 mil lions, T. :—Reprem•nted—By gold, 8 millions; bs govern ment seitiritiea to Bank, 14 millions; by Exchequ• r Bills, 2 millions. Exchequer Bills being now at a discount, the Beek would I issue its notes, by purchasing them; and so the demand for money is to urgent, it is very probable that the cileulation would soon be extended to twenty four millions. The ad vantage of basing this issue upon Exchequer Bill- payable in gold or Exchequer Bills is, its self-adjusting principle. Supposing the Bank to have purchased two millions—aa money becomes cheaper, Exchequer Bills will hew ite dearer; and as soon as they are at • premium, Bank nous will b• taken to the Bank for Exchequer Bills, precisely i the game way as when gold is dearer abroad than at home, Bank notes are taken into the Bank for gold. Thus all excess of paper beyond the fourteen millions caused by the issue spon Ex chequer Bills will be corrected. An extension of paper issues upon Exchequer Bills payable as stated would he very different in its operation tosimply per mitting the Bank to extend its issues from 14 to 16 millions. In the latter case, the larger amount may be kept up in yier petuity, but in the former it could not. The issue unon Ex chequer Bills would act as a value to ease excessive pressure. In a debate, towards the close of the last session of parlia ment, Sir It. Peel was paled very hard respecting the mystical limit of 14 millions of paper. His reply was to this effect—via., th..t that precise amount was not the principle upon which the Bank Charter was framed, and that any other amount was suit open for discussion. It has been asked what is a pound sterling ? TI e answer given is, a piece of gold of a certain weight and oneness: and undoubtedly it is so; but anything which will always procure such a pound is equal to it. Now, a 100/. Exche quer Bill is almost always of the same value as 100 f. ster ling, and of roar more than less—hence they are generally , at a premium. This day it was worth 991. in gold. Bills of 1001. command 981. 10s. in gold, or 30s. per cent. oiscsust; but, on the average, Exchequer Bills are equal in value to gold, and next to gold or silver the best basis for an issue - and such an issue upon Exchequer-Bilis, whilst the value of money is 61 per cent., could not drive gold out of the country or prevent its coming in. Gold, however, ha. come into the Bank before on many occasions on record in the Ern of an issue of paper, and when the proportion of paper bore a much greater proportion to ioin than now then the proportion was one-third gold, two-thirds paper ; and if that proportion were a safe one (and it has never been de monstrated to the contrary), eight millions of gold ought to support twenty-four millions of bank-notes in perpetuity ; but the scheme proposed only requires an extended issue 10 long-as the present enormous value of money continues, sad a government bill, payable in gold at a certain time, is at a discount, although bearing interest at the rate of 41 per cent. Something must be done to arrest the downward progress. Exchequer Bills will become due, and must be renewed or paid off or funded. Good railway stock can now be purchased to pay 7 per cent., or rather more. It would be of no use to raise the interest on Exchequer Bills now. If it be raised, all other securities will fall still lower, and there will be less means upon which to raise money— discount will still advance, and Exchequer Bills will still go to a discount ; the funds, railway stock, in short, all property will fall still further, and unless gold should How into the country at a more rapid rate than was ever known, or some relaxing in the currency be allowed, down will go prices until bankruptcy becomes almost uni versal, then will the victory of the mystical limit be woo, wreck and ruin will cover the land, and the misery of the people will only be exceeded by the misery of the poor Irish last year.—lt. P. C. Bristol. Sir,—The deficiency of gold in the Bank of Eng land, it is agreed, is the cause of the Bank's inability to assist the country. Remedy Let the Bank be authorised by an order in council to call in all the present gold coinage, without charge fur deficiency in weight, and replace the present circulation by an issue of one pound note* and a gold coinage of fire sovereign pieces. As the gold pieces would be inconvenient for the general purpose* of trade, the one pound notes would be principally used, and it would not be too much to sapect the Bank to increase its stock of gold ten millions by the change in the circulating medium. — COMMERCE. Sir,—l meet leave it to more experienced f un cle,. to determine whether the present panic is caused either by over-speculation, railway calls, • auflicant, or an insufficient currency; but I believe all will admit that there is a greater pressure on the money market than has been felt this century. I think also, from surmises in some of the public prints. that the legislature would try some plan to stop it, if one could be devised that would not interfere with the Bank Charter Act of 1841. Such a ole has occurred to me, and I shall be happy if you think it suffi ciently feasible to warrant its insertion in your paper. I propose that government should issue 2.500,0001. in treasury bias for sums from one pound and upwards, payable at the Bank of England on Feb. 1, 1848. These bills should nut bear in terest, but should be legal tender in all mercantile trans actions, as well as in payment of taxes. To get them into circulation government should make all their present pay ments with them, or lend them to bankers, or first-clus houses en deposit of stock, or bills of exchange of ample value falling due before Feb. 1, at the rate of tire per cent. per annum. The issue of these bills would furnish govern ment with funds to th: eeleent 2•!e., A ?" 1 . "" 1 i. '.'.*: - 1 1 A therefore render it nrineceestry to call on the Bank for se a like amount. The Bank should be allowed to treat this as a permanent deposit till Feb. 1, paying interest for it as any other joint-stock bank would, at the rate of three per cent. per annum ; or, if the direct as ob jected to this course, that sam might be drawls out and placed at the disposal of other banks who would not object to it, or it might be used in the same way as the bills by being Net on deposit. Thus, by the lama of 2,500,0001. of these bills, which would bring an increase of the revenue for the quarter of about 190,0001., the available floating circulation would be increased 0,000,000!. Nor is this all. A circuit. floe of this nature, secured as it would be by an actual go vernment balance in the Bank of England, would be re ceived with much more confidence than an increased issue of bank-notes over and above the actual Dents of that institu tion. Another advantage of this plan is its temporary nature. During the three months it would be tried, the government and the country would be able to form a more correct opinion as to the nature of the disease; and if the treatment I ptopose has the dcsa:d effect, parliament will have plenty of time to digest a permanent remedy.—E. Catarox.