The Express. — London, England, 1847-09-25 00:00:00

•••••••..• „ o wed to MOW pad* non* for the panne eielerrer fog that the non dee is th e Tr twain Ma ad hens nil • enneeolles .swam is whin Mr. M'Citeletie stand. 0,11,m PPM end asondly opoele mf rs. the , be wed* ban se ebleeden to ms at roimpbeek 'Me pada trent v id i k.a peon bed onsend, nomft.te hinnifthe 40ln Wes a onnomos is ewe Won explassdes. The swesm nom; he and, tem &stets puha admily min TM horrin noohles. g Ina the remit et ch day's revision : Libaval nel hollowed, llowed, 17. Oeseenatin daises al- Am aimadoweil. 13. Mend Mandpne antaised, la ; fagot 16. Cemenstive abandons netabooida• ; Wad, 25. Objections by both parties imeMbred,lll; !Bed 1. The overt, at its rising, mljoeeead Madly. Th. &l iming parishes were appointed kr miens es that day la /sldersgate and Billingegate Weed : St Margaret Pat on, and St. ; is Beedohaw and Coleaum maim Ward: St. Morgans's, Lothbary, St. Michael's, Bu- Maws, St. Olave, Jewry, and St. Stephen, Coleman-street. Waal RIDI GN.—The reviling barristers for the West Riding held their courts at Leeds, yesterday, for the purpose of revising the lists of voters for the riding. They were attended. on behalf of the liberal interest, by Mr. Edw. Nevins', of Barnsley, solicitor, and Mr. Edw. Hailstone, of B es dford, solicitor, with the local agents. No case of in terest arose, and the business being almost wholly oonfined to the correction of the lists, was flat and uninteresting—very different fnnn what was the we a hw yeas ago. THE EXPLOSION OF THE STEAMER. " CRICKET " (Concluded from the &sprees of last evening.) ADJOURNED INQUEST.—SRVENTI I SITTING. Turmas MEACHAM, of Bridge-street, Greenwich: I am an engineer, and have been employed as managing foreman for Mr. Joyce. The boat was down at Oreenwieh en the 3rd of Augut last; she was also there in March last, for general retain. Nothing material was out of repair. The boilen were examined. They were tolerably tubes ; some ferules end a little canlkiet were put into the ; and they were then perfectly sound. I examined the boilers my self, and found nothing wrong. I did not observe anything in the tube-plates at the front, different from what they were when first made. The valves usually come to us much out of order, so that there would be a great escape of steam. The valveseatings were milled. The necessary repairs were done. Valves get out of order in this way in perhaps three months, owing to the dirty water of the river. The boat came on the 14th of March, and left on the 26th. On the 3rd of August she came down again. The tub* then leaked, and one had to be renewed. There was nothing very remarkable about them. After the repairs were done, I went on board, and saw the boiler proved with cold water, rep to a pressure of about 150Ib, on the square inch. I did not observe that it made any impression ; there was very little leakage. We tried it with nine fire-bars, of from 111 b. to 111 b. each, which were placed on the ends of each pair of levers. Altogether there was a weight of 8311 b. at the end of each lever, which was equivalent to a pressure of from 1401 b. to 150Ib. on the square inch. One if the valves leaked a little, but not more than the pump would throw; consequently I was able to ascertain what the pressure was. I continued the pumping till the valves were lifted. I con sider that experiment conclusive as to the pressure. It is the way we prove all boilers. I did not then observe the bulging of the boilers. The tube was repaired, and the boat was sent back. On the lith of April I went on board the Cricket, and found a small smile or blister over the bridge of the lar board boiler ; but it turned out to be of no importance. I found the tubes very dirty ; they had been neglected. All was sound. I visited her again on the 23rd. While tr embling the engines, on the passage, my attention was tailed to Buttress and Edwards, who were talking loudly. Buttress said the valves were tied down. I turned round and said, Cut the d—d strings away ; I won't have them thereat all." When I turned round they were hanging, but not tied. I did not go and look, nor did I believe they were tied. I ordered the spun-yarns to be dispensed with altogether. I did not go up to lot , k at the valves, net be lieving they were tied. I was working the boat up to the pier ; and, had the valves been tied, so as to create an extra pressure, I should have discovered it. They might have been tied, and there might not have been an extra prewar,. I did not believe the statement at all, having full academes in Clark. I never heard of such a thing as a valve being tied down. If one out of the four valves was in I think it would be sufficient to relieve the boilerrro r m ati aZ pressure. I would not say . it would be sufficient fri gem sfi u res had been made up, the jet on, and eves= done for the purpose of bursting the boiler; but in reference to ordinary circumstances. In the ex ploded boiler, the aperture of the safety-valve was 2 1.16 inches in diameter; and I think that weak( be sufficient to relieve the preemie. The weight en the lever would be equivalent, as stated by Mr. Lloyd, to a pressure of 661 b., if placed at the end of the lever ; but It never could be brought within three inches of the end, owing to the waste steam-pipe, and the pressure could not then ex teed 5616. or 571 b., or, with the lever and valve, 591 b. The boiler wu of an ordinary construction. Mr. Lloyd's proof WAS made after it had lost its stays. Had it been made when the boiler was new, and with the stays in, I believe it would have supported a pressure of 2601 b. [Here a model of the boiler, in white metal, was placed on the table, and explained by Mr. Trotman, the maker.] By Mr. CHAWREIIB: The boilers may have bulged out a very little, but that would be of no importance to the work- ing. All boilers leak a little in the tubes at first. Kent pointed out to me the bulging, but I showed him it was a matter of no importance. I did not notice the bulging when the boiler came for repairs in August. The boiler would not be strained or damaged in any way by the proof which I submitted it to. It had been proved when it was there be. fore ; we frequently do it. Clark was a mast efficient man when with us. The foulness of the tubes inside would tend to diminish the pressure, and consequently the danger. By Mr. JAMES : Mears. Joyce guaranteed the working of the machinery for the first six months, during which time I superintended it. Afterwards, the company took charge of it. Clark once complained to me of the steam-gauge, and I gave him the address of the maker in London. When But tress was on board, he showed mo the cords, but they were not tied. I could not believe that Clark would have done such a wicked thing. Had the valves been all pro perly in action, the boiler could not have burst. Either by accident or design, they must have been interfered with. It was Clark's duty, as foretniuseme ginner, to keep them in proper order. The boilers wen proved originally, after they came from Mr. Trotman's, at 160. Had - the valves been tied down for a long time, it is impossible to calculate what pressure the boiler may have been subjected to. The effect of tying down the valves would be to give the boat a greater start. One valve, if kept in good order, would always have relieved the pressure at 59. Kent had instructions not to keep the pressure at the maxi mum, but work at from 45 to 50. The balance-valves wore screwed down, I think, to 30 ; but that would be equivalent to a pressure of 60. Assuming that the valves were all open, the machinery in good order, plenty of water, and an mai nary fire, I cannot possibly account for this explosion. By Mr. Le BRETON The duty of the engineer is to look to the spring -balance, and he ought to be able to regulate it jinn:emery. The boiler was made all right in August. I know Heiman. I should think him capable of managing an engine. If the valve was raised one-eighth of an inch, the steam would mart very freely. The effect of going frequently in shallow anddirty water would be to blunt the edges of the valves. By Mr. Noisome; Before Mr. Trotman was paid for the boilers, we received a certificate from Kent, the company's engineer, that they were in perfect order. By the JOEY I cannot see how the ropes attached to the levers could be need for the purpose of shaking the valves. AM= doing his duty beano business to attach such ropes. Mr. W. Jorcs: I reside at Greenwich, and am an en gineer. I was the contractor, with Mr. Smith, for the build rig of the beat and machinery complete. It was built under my superintendence. The boilers were given out to Mr. illiam Trainers, of Whitscroes- street, Borough, to be made. The machinery, boat, and boilers were made to my satisfaction, and I handed Stem over to the company as sound. When the boilers were repaired, very little was done to them. I believe there was a trifling cen= the front-plates of the boilers when new. I have the boiler and machinery since the explosiou,,akm. with Kr. Lloyd, and perfectly agree with hint except in ems partisan. —as to the maximum weight of 6616 s. By an of which Mr. Lloyd could not be aware, thet:e.fig :tn not be placed at the extreme end of the lever. I think it must have required more than 1201b' or 1401bs. of pressure to burst the boiler. I do not think it can have gone at 150Ibe. By Mr. JAwne : I furnished the machine of the Ant and Be.. in the awe way ; they have worked rather more than two years. The work is very hard upon both boilers and machinery . The large mime of people mike it very heavy work. The engines have stood without any eerie= repair being needed. The utmost pains were taken with the machinery,. and no expense was spared. Mr. Trotman had his own price for the boilers. Of the contract-price 5001. was to remain unpaid for two months, and 2.501. for six months. In stating that the boiler would burst at 160, I assume that it must have beset subject to very considerable strain before, otherwise it would have supported a much higher pressure. A slight convexity in the front plates would be no defect. Undoubtedly the valves must have been meddled with to occasion the bursting. There is no other possible solution. I never heard of the valves being tied till after the explosion. A very small cord at the end ef the lever would entirely prevent the valves from acting. It is not necessary for an engineer who pop* &imps his duty to have such cords. I have sea them k the Ant and Bee ; but, passing over a pulls they raise the valves. In this ease the coeds pull that down. I den't think the bawd week alone would strain the boilers at all, leglilleldff they had only been worked at a fair • Practically speaking, I may say, I never = le a boiler which would stand a test of ten times the avenge pressure. The locomotives sometimes work with • of 1001bs. to the inch ; bat I very, much doubt whMhee would 'tend 5001 be. On those boilers they have talk is= and aerial; valves. I don't believe the boiler of as, hest an the river would stand • prewar° of fire times the working pressure. By Mr. Mottoes : The front-plate of the boiler in spew Lion was made of 8.8. H. iron, which is of very good avenge quality. I have only known Low Moor iron used in boilers for the furnace. I rather think these are Low Moor iron In the furnace. By Mr. Le BRISTOW : The Ant and Bee boilers are of pod Staffordshire iron. The tube-plates are not so thick as was that of the Cricket. Mr. WW. TROTMAN, of Whiteeross-et., Borough : I have been a boiler-maker from my . youth. I tarnish ed the boilers of the Cricket.:Mr. Joyce said they were to work from 4016. to SOlbs., but Ante to exceed 5011ss. I proposed to prove - - - tam to WO, sad Mr. Joyeesekliashenbi be veep weißoale- GaL WING they we:odes*. ha alliyabotßentbsim sage they ife delivered, sad I sesaistes. I Mont with se w , to discover say Isaks bat did set !Ave their stresseL I should t haws hand to pave theta to I useldir thus would bass, that proseare. Thiel *miss landed s posstiog effniefe, 9 . "SW tlog° at week leo or six Ares ; they spossited to do very wail. Oslo I did a e Wiellr.be to 111•1114010048. Mx* was beim the lost vas mains so dert Asir. I sow the exploded befor the Beady Me tbe h liat4 sew eluded there had bees awes soak work. I that any ordinary preloses essid have bent tho Sea the angle-woo, whirl' wee eery Seem I hes testa Kenn. Moser, is dr Desessi: I ' rid 184. atom girths light iron, and SOL a tea Ow that *lda two piatte: I worked toss of the B. B. IL Iran, sad consider N motto I. Low Yam By Mr. Casa er as : I have bees asven yens la lama for myself. I went on board the Bee to see her bailer; did not meuure the thickness of the Bost plate, nor aria it be done, as it is enclosed. I don't know whethat Menem Haughton had been applied to to mike the. bobs la the Cricket. I only make the boar's, without any .of the machinery. The specification was in writing. I saw the drawings, and then made an offer on the 28th of February, which was closed with. I know of no other offers. I be lieve I have made as many boiler, as any one in the trade. I never made a high-pressure boiler for a vessel before this. I have made them at Mr. Cater's. lam confident the boiler of the Cricket would have borne 2001 be. By patching it up now it might be made to bar that pressure, sr to stand a res. l l y lu M w r. e Jal g es The e o n f g tat r s on the safety valves. With lair pursue and fair work, those boilers would have worked for years. They have bees known to work at 80, sod that is much more than I was told would be required, I have known a boiler so strong as to resist a pressure ten times the ordinary amount. This accident must have been ocumitmed by presume, which mast have been excessive to send part of the boiler, weighing perhaps a ton and a half, through the stern of the boat, and about forty yards through the:water. _ _ _ By Mr. MORGAN: For commercial purposes Low Moor iron is never used, except specially ordered. It is only used in the navy boilers for the furnaces. Romer Renoir, of Hun, civil eng ineer I have re peatedly seen the machinery of the Crie et. I have never been in the engine-room, nor sus the eaves. I have not seen the exploded boiler, but I have seen the model pro- duced. The cause of the explosion is not the valves at all. The flues have got over-heated, and owing to thesmall quan- tity of water in the boiler the cuing taus been blown off. By Mr. Le Barron : If the vessel had " listed " some of the tubes would have got red hot, and that would be the vet y cause of the accident, By the CORONER : The steam would then generate so fast that all the valves would not be sufficient to relieve the pressure. As to the valves being tied down, it is well known that that is frequently done in racing. In this case, the stoppage of the valves is quite inadequate to account for the ' 1 pressure which most have caused this explosion. The boiler is of a highly dangerous character, unless the greatest care is used. If the water was insufficient to cover the whole of the tubes they would become over-heated, and would, generate steam faster than the valves would deliver it; this would no doubt cause an explosion. The " listing " of the boat would greatly assist that effect. The great heating surface would increase the risk of the lion. I have been practically connected with en 18 years. I have made valves of the description They are very apt to gag, which has the same effect a them down ; this results sometimes from their being l= two different kinds of metal, of different expensive poem I The tying of all the valves could never have praised tub I a violent explosion. One, at least, would have olmot Indication. By Mr. JAMES : I think the pressure must have born nearer 300 than 150. Spun-yarns such as described could not have resisted this. It is possible to burst boilers by fas tening down the valves. This might have been done with a three-yarn spun-yarn. In a boiler constructed like this the pressure would rue very rapidly with the valves tied down. This is done in racing in the rivers, both in England and Scotland ; the effect is to give an impetus to the speed. If there was plenty of water in the boiler it would not demoli.h my hypothesis. The party looking at the water-gauge might be deceived. If the water flowed from the middle cock " full bore," and without any steam, it would be impossible for the explosion to take place. By the Jcar : It was clearly neglect of the engineer which caused the explosion. If the noise of steam escaping was not heard, the safety valves must have been closed. C. GAGE, engineer, of Bridge-street, Greenwich, in the employ of Messrs. Joyce, proved that the boilers, when new. had sustained a pressure of 80 lbs. to the square inch. Mr. 0. H. Syne wished to correct an error in his former statement, as to the ownership of the boat, which was now confined to Mr. W. Corry and himself, the other two gentle men having ceased to be proprietors in July last. Mr. HEARNE, a juror. said the jury ought to have conclu sive evidence on this point. After Mr. Smith had sworn that four gentlemen were proprietors, and that statement had gone forth to the world, something more was required than his bare statement that only two of the parties named were proprietors. The CORONER thought Mr. Smith's statement sufficient. Mr. SMITH said his misstatement had arisen from his not adverting to the terms of the agreement, by which it ap peared that Mr. Thompson and Mr. Forman had the power of terminating the partnership in June or July. The CORONER, after complimenting the jury on their patience, intelligence, and impartiality, reminded them that their meet important duty had yet to commence—to decide by what means the death of these persons had been caused. There was no doubt it had been caused by the explosion of the boiler; but it would be for the jury to say whether that explosion had resulted from the act of any person or persons concerned. If they were not satisfied that it had been caused by any particular individual,they might in their verdict state the cause without referring to individuals. It was in evidence that highly respectable individuals had become proprietors of these boats; they were responsible for the safety of the passengers, the management of the machinery, and for the acts generally of their servants. It was imperative on them to select persons in whom they could confide ; and Mr. Smith stated that this had been done. He appeared to have con fided in Clark—whether rightly so or not would be a consideration for the jury. But the proprietors could only become criminally involved by its being shown that they took part in the act which had caused the accident. They would also, in such case, be liable to answer in damages for the injury done. The builder of the boat had guaranteed to the proprietors the security of the engine and machinery ; and if there had been any rash deviation from the received principles of science, in his case, it might have become a question whether he was ertminelly responsible. But the inquiry would be consider ably narrowed, partly so by the abolition of deodands, by the same act which gave compensation to the families of the sufferers; and the sole question as to criminal responsibility, which was a very serious one, turned upon the evidence re lating to the tying down of the valves. Clark, it seemed, had been engineer from April to August; Reesman, who suc ceeded him, being engineer at the time of the explosion. There was no direct testimony of Heasman having tied the valves ; but he would be criminally responsible for his absence, if it were shown that that had led to fatal conse quences. The evidence of Mr. Lloyd on the main point woe most valuable, and, tasted as it had been, it would seem Ulm almost the opinion of all the engineers present. lie bad stated some startling facts ; end if sot of them any remedy could be suggested for this state of things, this would doubt less be done in Mr. Lloyd's report to the Board of Trade. The learned gentleman then proceeded to read through the voluminous evidence, observing, that he should refrain front making remarks on the several portions of it. Having concluded the evidence, he mid the only point to consider was whether there was any criminal responsibility attached to any person or persons, and that would have to be deter mined by their acts in connexion with the vessel at the tiles of the explosion. The jury then, at a by minutes pug eight, retired to ear eider of their verdict. After an tios of ea hoar and AO minutes, they returned sad &limed the tollogierg veldt*: We fad Thaw OW, Jobs wow scam LlNleket. Idols, graham Ilaslity I*r Mama Ss lossalig= Hiss of dr Odder eterwasetom We fir dallawkMß. We • • vicelike somilifftr a Sillmt Boom" ••• ma theatlet. We emulate Crud WOW% old vale leMihe Ora= et , E We eerallee Ur. arldes ardor use der s e= to net pressed, torediellla 000 11 101 TM henna stated that they were unanimous in their' Malt. The inquisition was then signed by the jurors, sad the ex/ow made out his warrant for the commitment of Mercers. PARISH OF ST. MARTLZSONE.—INCREASE OF PAT FUMY, AND INAC7 07 the ACCOMMODE TION.—Yefteday imping a the directors and guardians of the pear of Maryiebow, took place in the boardroom of the weddaserkNew-rota, lar the purpose, amongst other mottoes, et iiehW the bresoes of pauperism and the =sill the wceklasmo to accommodate the number . W. Lowe lacks been called to the chair, Kr. Thom, • the esmetary to the beard, reported that at the ma sent time there wen 6,000 puma receiving out-door relief, and no kw than 2,067 perms in the workhouse, a number exosedthat of say peahens year, even in the depth of winter. The alma of the wetklesse was wholly inadequate to meet the lima made for admission • but the inmates were at }meat ebNpd to deep two end 'three in a bed, and Mr. lima (des asaftr) lad been compelled to resort to putting up s bale fa the tailor' workably, a pro ceeding he mosidered ant oteeetioaahle.—Yr. Artaud attributed the peassat 111.140a1 ineresse or pauperism to the plan of false erimony yessaribed by the new poor-law act, of the workhouse tat, awl the refusal of out-door re lief. The board might depend upon it that half-a-crown per week out-relief was feu prelbreble to bringing a person into the house at a cost of 3s. U. to ss• per week, and thus pauperising them for ever.—Nr. Carr observed that if the board gave out-door relief to ea mall:sited extent, they would be placed in presiody the seas politicos as they were a ith regard to the vegasuls who mite and lay about the work house gate. No meow wee ft Mews that there was a little gratuity to be etashaell, than they loweased in as night from 100 to 200. It wee quite tea that *ere being upwards of 2,000 peruse fa the Muss at the pareaut period was an alarming cimumeteuve, and demob% it wee necessary that soresdatag should be dew. The board muot either adopt Mt. Artand's Itelf the peed fametee el the worishooes ea veils/, or nearest to es eslergemeat of the weehisses.-11r. Theme begged to inform the bead that the nit Imes* of pa vearna was by ho aeons to lientebena. In the stijoinieg mist of mar r seeres then MI been so peel ea inseam that a sew edam hes felt it neesmary to vosessomend the amities el addltional building for the adult males, as well es an of the infiruaary.—The chairman was of opi. THE EXPRESS,• sAy uup;&Y aka Vat Is the outset there haloes "vat halt la adept *, the prisaiples of the vow poor k*, asapaist re ✓ealable pow yorme to May up doh Ode hems sod vete bas wahhsaes. They mom Maaaeavelled be n▪ v paearaeat .pavate j henget thaz _bad VI *no *** tars to, "hams by a litth oat-door renal Intim istrbooe of friends they might 'be rendered equally saelbetable with to. expense to the parish.—Mr. Ben numb! the It he at saes Man& to the rota eanunittee to sweet thartaa.—Mr. asuadad the resolution, whisk wee at ewes pat awl serried MOPS. eon., and the board, alto env general Malaise, seperated. INQUEST, YFBTERDAT.—Tag TOYIIBMILM MDR DEA—Bakes Mr. William Baker, at the residence of Mn. Halves, Clay-hill, Tottenham, respecting the death of Lewis Mucked, eget' 35 years, who died from the effects of a ennui Misled ea kis *rest with a tahloknife by Mr. Thomas Mackintosh Davidson, a lunatic. The unfortunate =appeared before a full bench of magistrates at the Sessions, on Thursday, and was committed for trial fir the wilful murder of the deceased. Yesterday he was taken to the Central Criminal Court, and a true bill was found against him. The particulars of the case appeared in our impression of yesterday. At the insaest, Mr. Hooper, surgeon, deposed that he had examined the deceased'. wound, and found the left jugular vein divided, and also some important arteries. Other evidence having been adduced, the coroner summed up at great length, and the jury, after two hours' consultation, returned • verdict of " Wilful Murder" against Mr. Thomas Mackintosh David son. The unfortunate deceased has left a wife and three children. IRELAND. DUBLIN, Strr. 23. Your readers are already prepared to learn that, even at this early period, destitution to an alarming extent exists. In communications from the Queeas County and from Mayo--n midland and a west= county—misery is depleted in melancholy colours, ani the indisposition to put the poor-law effectively into operation is complained of with severity. The Mayo papers state that the several relief committees around Westport have held a meeting there, and, after re turning thanks to the British Relief Aseociation,which had come to their aid before the measures of the go-, vernment were matured, and returning thanks to the government and the local relief inspector, they state that they are compelled by the condition of the people "earnestly to implore a continuance of relief, espe cially of industrial employment." They add, that they , have the authority of the police, after rigid inquiry, for asserting that there are at this moment in Clare Island, 600 persons in a state of destitution ; that there is not in the island of Innis turk as much tillage this year as would maintain its population for one month, and that in that island and Boffin there are 600 individuals suffering the pains of starvation. The Castleber paper complains that numbers of poor people, certi fi ed as destitute by the warden, had been refused admission into the Castle bar workhouse. I may also mention that a state ment in the Limerick paper, that the stores held by the government of Sir Robert Peel in 1843 have all been taken for a year certain—a circumstance which would indicate that the authorities are fully alive to the condition of the country. The Enniscorthy relief committee have published the results of their labours. They expended in relief 1,126/. 14s. 2d., with which they distributed 234,869 rations, at ltd. per ration. The persons relieved averaged 3,000 per day, and they congratulate them selves that of a population of 12,000 souls, there has not been one case of death by star ration. The guar dians of this union still refuse to levy any rate ex ceeding that which the poor-law requires, although the highest rate for that purpose in any division does not exceed is. 9d. It was to this union, and in order to appease their complaints, that the liberal determi nation of the Treasury to limit present rates to 3s. in the pound, was first communicated. DEPUTATION PROM KERRY TO TEE LORD LIEUTANANT, —The following gentlemen waited on Tuesday an a deputa tion from the county of Kerry, on his Excellency the Lord Lieutenant, and Sir William Somerville, at the Park: Wil liam Talbot Crosbie, Esq., D.L., Ardfert Abbey; Pierce Mahony, Esq., D.L., Kilmory ; Rowland Bateman, Esq., J.P., Oak-park; and Robert Conway Hickson, Esq., J.Y. Fermo le; to call the attention of the Loth Lieutenant and Chief Secretary to the following resolutions of the late grand jury for that county : 3. Resolved : That we are of opinion that the wale of taxation, as explained by the report of our committee, cannot be realised; and that as any attempt to enforce it must be attended with the utmost danger to the pesos of this wanly, we earnestly submit for the consideration of her Majesty's government, the expediency and the necceetY for advancing from the public tressury the monies nearly to com plete the roads referred to (estimated at 73,9331. 115. 74.), and the present relief rate (estimated at 43,2117.), whereby the grew debt of this county for 1847 would be 234,2181. 13s. 7d.; and to accept its re payment in twenty-two yeses, by a fixed annuity of 81 per sent., by which arrangement the half -yearly inMelmmns, become Peeahl.hy this county, la redemption of that debt, would he 7,7471. Ice 238,2181. principal money, instant of paying at March, 1848 (es ehewn by the report of our committee), 10 , 2 b 31 ., as an half-yearly instalment and interest on a debt of 121,034. The effect would be to make the bait-yearly charges on this county as follows: Ordinary Grand Jury Cele £11,891 19 8 Poor-rate estimated at la. per pound half-yearly 17,481 0 8 Instalment as stove 7,747 0 0 Grow half-yearly charge after crenidleg for the repayment of 239,21114 Wend of MOW .. C 44099 19 9 4. Berolved That Ude Onad airy yet wordy um . her What =tand with the feat pewit. gyp, Is edema it other raeseensdso wed* asir the seventh Adage Aces owl the f Preimety Ards, new* deem—a. Set am see sif *sift het the as of tamales shoshi to totneol se math se mealda so as to earl the meamt rest of isdommint to thew pepel ees wttsaw wellsg ls elledloopi their duties, mast dr aims Ow to how do burden ma ewe who wilfully *oboist _Slept mai property has ha dais es ,at ee its ansivedi not we we of OPUROR that the Waal et this wasubsedit re en their energy to carry Isis abet Lewd es hat melon ; and above all. lhat teary iambi slime (as =11:2) the wiesteis of m tenant somprearam as that hares user. may brew In tenure their wrier wise bash... se the beet mem to ;wade amisymnit kr the able Warms, sod dweby to Wows the ewleaters et da eowa.-7- _lesived : That as the esestsweent of the almlert tot WW/A Maim of Mb aseen o% weld hada; en immedisle seems of pallais maployment he me dame sot pear pepelation sag Inas, no mist sernssety ressomea the suite at nod asslog_slablee et wall.rissideod eel sedshis :It rWNW= ef WWI" mivernmer IN Nisd te lhi rr a meatad seemembasetwenejoeho far aft moo. lits halm minis the ri pre:4sy law, sad ansehdp the isms= Imsdad a m = at salt saaselie - we beg te eaR le the tithe Iltniewort, at wmase =es, 11146, ase wend mink NM; ad le Wee Mt = drifts era beams a 08=P:flan sap be elisholly tbzwedi a pram eisere bes&L—De. dmiteed: Thee we sweet awls& or maw etas primal ad emessilve essMehm el tie erate, as as ear ammrsaise at ihs Serises Imam of eso- Moils and es wed woheados empleymart Wilda h. Whoa wpm& Leg ow asp wet hat, us origirdr, Osteber, mommesiled by Ihs awar defy Rep& Amisdhwal flods*. d dm flan* • pelt Went ssestienad, elided. sod ellpasesh by sob wiped iment, by while pradma sea W pnblis siNNIEEN NNE • mien et ampiemseat hes act bees long der is swath% sad wo m z=sially he the lest three the =Was wit de. tad the spereolos lasadon el With vos weld le bass thereby awanisa • sad we destinesod =r l izaaws it as err asavisaa, Oa in Mae ONlllMilibeilr to reemansdve bays inemana Medea le en miesselve noes (thereby the slay at the wasp= le twee tha tostieW, • illeag te assallase ter as Wawa* aid i sesitmoyeronalhe ea andan ahapiesas sidle weds' Hby impala Tommy to thls esemy. and the chief secretary received the depu te** with pat courtesy and attention, and disowned the sinwel reeMsdiens seriatim. With regard to the third, they =esell wet that the present depressed aisle of the re = =astadiedg7irkq,,,,,r,.......i.• 'lvor t r o sei over' ma i ty surprise that not shed) is = s erf :demos to the snag eppireenta. s. TM asps took& 66w mitts( on his exmfiessy, premeds& it the of Tuft, =biro they hid the *mire es ham that Mite theneamd mods had already hen meedemil by the Tammy, to meet the first instainemie under the Landed Pesperty Act, and that the mew would be fletheoming immediately. To the other rossiodow his ERININAIr sisal the fullest consideration, eases matistiesly MOM ex. Wog tenure of college property, sod elm to the polootiso bon Memo on the present oallabikolloodo is their meaty; sa wink reepect to th e formation eta aunty board for Meal Ms excellency was pleased to require additional to be kid before hint as to the views of the de pletion ea the idiot, SO so to enable him to deliberate apes that point mire fully. Rowan CATNOLIC DIOCESE OP CLONPRIIT.—The Right Rev. Dr. Derry was consecrated Roman Catholic Bishop of Clonfert on the 21st instant. The consecrating prelate was the Most Rev. Dr. YOUNG IRELAND IN Coax.—The Young Irelanders have held • meeting this week in Cork, at which a thorough Irish row was easetied. Mr. Smith O'Brien was so ill received ea to be unable to conclude his observations. Mr. Meagher's edequaes almost shared a like fortune, and a Roman catholic p lest, Mr. O'hiellane, the only one present, fared as badly. TTfheere is little in the sentiments worth especial record : they , ran sot man extravagant than usual—nor any less so. SNOCITNO Accmxwr ON HOLED A Perzsmea.—The chief engineer of the Dublin Company's steamer the Queen suddenly met his death on Sunday night. The Queen was on her voyage from Belfast to Liverpool, and was off the Isle of Man about eleven at night, when the engineer, William Doyle, (nand it neceriay to oil some of the orking joints of tine of the engines. Whilst thus =gaged the vessel lurched, and the poor fellow wee thrown off his balance, and was caught by the side lever or working beam of the engine. He was pulled under neath, and before the engine could be stopped his head was mangled in a frightful manner, both sides of the lower jaw being literally driven into the head. The engines were stopped at once, but too late — be was taken up quite deed. The deceased was but 27 years of age. This unfortunately was not the only accident. On the Queen's leaving the quay at Liverpool on Friday, a woman, in attempting to leap on shore, fell between the steamer and the quay, and wee crushed to &lab.— Dublin Freeman. STATE OF TEE COUNTRY.—The government is now INA. enteiog upon the attention of guardians of the poor an addi thaol and moat anxious duty which they wi ll have to dis &err from and alter the first day of October nest, namely, the are and maintenance of the fever h itals, and other sanitary institutions now managed by the of health and under its instructions. The Temporary Relief Act will expire with the last day of this month, and the fever hos pitals which now are maintained 17 advances made under that act cannot, of course, continue—thaw institutions therefore will be thrown upon the SWIMS for support, the tends to be sitpplied frees the rata. Row moth the bar then of the niece is likely to to increased by this transfer will be eppseent from the statement made In the North Dublin anion yesterday, that it would neeadtate the impaeltion of a at. equal to that which the =abdomen of the workhouse and outdoor systems required. The amounts today of the spread of fever in the country, coming se they do from Nanagh sad Cable, as well as from Roscommon and Necagh, indicate how heavy will be the rates necessary to maintain the hospi tale in those districts. The Limerick and Clare Ezamitser bears evidence of the spirit already manifesting itself, of which we must expect to hear so much during the winter. On Tuesday evening a car, laden with ears, was stopped at Six-mile-bridge, on its way to Limerick market, a portion of the contents carried away, and a portion spilled on the road. Next morning another car corn•laden was seined, and all carried off. Four men, one of them a relieving officer ueder the poor-law, have been lodged in Limerick gaol charged with attacking houses. An account is a midland paper of an attempt at rescue of property seized by a landlord, does not deserve the name of an outrage, is it ended without violence. The landlord is the Rey. Mr. Minchin, and the locality CloAhjordan, on the borders of Tipperary. SCOTLAND. - EDIMBOROH, SEPT. 23. The personal appearance of Jenny Lind is rather a stale subject, but an ingenious mind will sometimes enliven a worn-out topic. Here is the mierescopic deariptioa of a Fife critic : I Woe &a net orrammii by Oa tall blow a bat serablis s bee beauty wadi be passe red to be sibanamaemy beadle wed* be Awed la bat a goasemiNg ma*, aad ~WV la bar mink war* sal la - bar moemeaule 'be* alotity, bet tel. elbst wa a it= ina logestelme. le& us sea, lets mg &A 'III a mat va sm lS=l7%l=arr e it Jertara an tot coins to be raealleed sod doe oesdinalbee at dea wit set of female swarmsa batty. Mr. Kennedy, the former liberal candidate for the Inverness burghs, lately addressed his intended con stituents to the effect that they ought to oppose the return of Baron Rothschild, in order that the ruin of the country may not be fully consummated!" The following placard will show the state of the public mind in Dundee regardingcapitalpunishmente: WOOZINO NM 01 Duerr, DO war GO TO rug ZILCIffIOOI OD THOMAS To-manow the Ohioan spesTisi el a public mmontionwlll be exhibited Is Dodos. It that more en dagnang to the dig nity of balm miloso druid aro, and that a astalew lealsomy should be bons lty 1Y oossmalty that agent - Z ler wbotenwralma, shwa be abolhisd. sal samildsi game *alkalis Um geed dem potellm se of les aerime. alillialud I • air teiml .de pm. wham ma DomielOp mloomay mbontlag sme am the prima sow elon. ass tba peals *am In Ws town Is twirl omplot wren Soda prommanne an your part will eskoetbaseurem wawa pewertane ads OS the Imlle MY slmme i ll:ftr. h a do wok lowsra obasgang the law o t mart dlls subject A Wows, Nes. The day being now gone by when the peddling I system of meting lines in Largo bay will suit the large demands of the fishmongers efforts are to be made for deep sea fishing in the Firth. Five hun dred of the Thames " well" smacks are careering round the open coeds of Scotland, while not one deck ves sel is sent out to the ocean from the Scottish sea-board, fishing being carried on by nothing better than yawls, which dabble about in the estuaries and firths. On the west side, a thousand yard line hung with a thou sand hooks was recently let down some Fifty fathoms deep On the dark and stormy keep"— England notes; ten Irish 11. notes; 60 sovereigns, and about 201. in silver • also a cheque on the Prestos Bank for 11.15 s , payable to Thomas Poole, or hearer. From the adroit manner in which the home was entered, little doubt is en tertained that the robbery was effected by London thieves. Coueos or PancarrOas.—en Thursday evening a public meeting of Omelets and friends of education was held at the Concert-hall, Lord Nelson-street, to receive • deputation from the Landon College of Preceptors, who at tended to explain the Ware and objects of that institution. Mr. John Smith was called to the chair, in the absence of the mayor. Amiss of resolutions, in favour of the object of the meeting, were inanimately adopted. ToRKSUIRE. THE ACCIDENT ON THE LANCASHIRE AND YORK smut Ratteree.—Yeeterday the government inspector of railways returned from making his official inspection and inquiry into the causes which led to the catastrophe which I occurred on this line on Thursday last. Captain Simons will ' make his official report to the commissioners in • few days. It does not appear that the accident could in any way have been prevented, more especially with an express train, as will be seen by the following account given by Howie& ham, the company's chief engineer. Acme elluding to the platelayers whose duty it n to inspect the line, Mr. Ilawkethaii says: " I have no doubt that the last got ofl the rails at the place where the nil wee liner: sus a little out of its level, but not out of its pleat, and that the carriage having got off the line there ran along until I it struck the ash-pit, which knocked off the wheels. I think the broken rail was quite sufficient to throw off the carriage at the speed of an express train. I have not the slightest doubt that the broken rail was the cause of the accident. The fracture on the rail was quite fresh. After the express train passed over it a goods train also want over it. It is certainly surprising that another train passed over it without getting off the line. A Haw might exist for weeks in iron without being discovered, but the moment it is broken it must go down. There being about thirty carriages in a goods train, there would be in succession 68 blows, like those of a tilt hammer, striking it in that one train alone. I should think, however, that it was very likely that an express train broke the rail. It appeared to be a very clear fracture; there were not more than three inches of the rail resting on the chair, so that the other end must go down. The express train was the worst train in such a ease. I should be glad if the public would be satisfied with a less speed. The fact is, the express trains I are driven for the public requirements, and not by the desire eY'the railway companies. It is expected that the expenses Otitis accident will not cost the company less than 10,0001., as it is not likely that they can offer Mr. Weston's family less than 6,0001 , considering the lucrative situation he held. THE WAKEFIELD FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL.—An action was tried at Wakefield on Thursday, brought by the Rev. Dr. Carter against Mr. Holdewortb, master of the above school, to recover the balance of an account against the de fendant for the education of his son. Great interest was excited by the proceedings. The evidence of Dr. Carter in support of his claim having been taken at the last court, the defendant entered upon his defence, by calling upon the Rev. S. Sharp, vicar of Wakefield, and one of the governors of the school, to produce the charter of Eliza beth under which the school was founded. The charter re. oho& that there should be • free grammar school established rlHeimi!thg children and youth 'in grmmar and good to consist of a master and usher . " A further char- July, 1607, directed that the master should have li• ra the degree of Master of Arts in the university of either Oxford or Cambridge, and was to have no pastoral are or he hired as a preacher. He was to instruct the chil dren in the principles of the Christian religion, and cause them to attend church on the Sabbath ; and to instruct wheat also in grammar, and the Latin and Greek tongues. The amount of the endowment was Nil. is. 6d.—Mr. Holds with, who conducted his own case, contended that hie boy bad wit horst anything more at that school than what the shall= provided he was to be taught free of cat.—The ,T r lt e )r. Carter said that the boy learnt English, writing, a tic, geography, and the rudiments of Latin.—Mr. Holdsworth urged that that was all included in chi words " gold learning."—The Judge observed that Dr. Carter in his evidence had said—" I sin bound to teach only from I Virgil and Cesar in Latin, and from Xenophon in Greek, upwards."—Mr. Holdsworth replied that whatever he might consider his duties, he had no right to charge six guineas, and his usher two guineas for teaching that which the charter provided should be taught free. — Mr. Sykes, for the plaintiff, contended that it was not the duty of the head master, but of the usher to teach writing. English, and arithmetic. But if the higher master entered into an express contract with any inhabitant of the township of Wakefield to teach those matters which it was the duty of the usher to teach, he was free to charge the father of that child for such teaching. There was evidence to show that Dr. Carter had entered into a contract with Mr. Holdsworth in this case, and, therefore, he was bound to pay the amount of his agreement. There were in this account also several items for stationery, &c , amounting to about 11., which, though probably in strict accordance with the statutes of the governors, Dr. Carter ought not to have supplied, yet of course there could be no ground for refusing to pay.—Mr. Holdsworth, in reply, contended that the Rey. Dr. Carter had no right to make any charge at all of the six guineas a year, since, according to the statutes, he was to teach boys Greek and Latin, and was also to teach them grammar and writing. He did not understand that Dr. Carter had one class and the usher and another. The boys of each class were all in the same apartment, and on the same floor ; there was no elevation or separate rum. lie never, so help him God, was told by Dr. Carter at the time he took his boy to the school, that his charge was six guineas • year. lie would take his oath that Dr. Carter did not state that be should have to pay *ix guineas • year; he would have been a fool if he had.—[The Judge . Do behave yourself properly. If you will have the term fool yourself, you have, according to your own showing, been the fool for three half years.] He de nied again that Dr. Carter had said his charge would be six guineas ; and he accounted for having paid three half-yearly sums by saying, that it was a thankless thing for a single pa rishioner to dispute such a question u this for the benefit of the whole parish ; but that he had shown the tills to several gentlemen of the town, and they were of opinion that he ought not to pay it.—The Judge said that he would give his decision on tke next court day. CURIOUS ANTIQUE PuRSE.—A few days ago, IS 031110 workmen were excavating the ground for the Leeds and Think Extension Railway, they found at Kirkleving. ton, near Term, a carious antique brass purse, with some hundreds of wooden beads of various sizes beside it. 0. the top of the purse, running on both sides, is very really engraved " Ave Maria XX Grecia plena Dominus tram;" that is, " Hail, Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with *11•." being the usual salutation to the Virgin. On one olio of the lower pert appear the wordy " Soli Deo Honor et Gloria," that is, " Honour and glory to God alone;" and on the other side, " Creatoren Celi et Terre et in profundis;" that is, " Creator of heaven and earth, and in the deeps." From the mixture of Roman capitals in the inscriptions, the puns appears to have been made as early as the middle of the 16th century, in the reign of Henry the Bth and from the brats ring en the top, to which a wand or stick had evidently bees ee~!ttaaii~, it is supposed to have been employed by the Roman eshaltts in collecting arms. This ancient relic has the a} a reticule, and is at the month about eight =mg said Ave brood. ANOTHER LARGE F IRE broke out on Thursday night upon the farndag premises of Mr. Watts, at Cottenham, which spread with great rapid ity , and was not extinguished tit about eighteen corn Mac on the adjoining premises of Mors. Watts, Norman, and Bainbey had been destroyed, and soma the property of Mr. Intt. As the in wee wen is Mewl hi* simnlisowensly in three or four plows, them amset he wry auk doubt so to its being the work dam inonadiswy. The too swift there was a report la in CmMp that large Ara wore new at West Wratting, and the &risist Miasma Fem. SacitiLEGE.—Yeatertgy the police received infor mation that, on the night of the 18th, or early on the morn ing of the 19th, the parish church of Marsh Gibbon, in Buckinghamshire, had been entered in a forcible manner, and aliqrge chat standing in the chancel was broken open, containing all the parochial papers for upwards of two cen turies, and a quantity . of title-deeds of property belonging to the poor of the parish. _ BCBBEI. ARUNDEL AND BRAMBER AORICULTCRAL ABSO. CIATION.—The annual match of this institution was held at West Grimed on Thursday. A ploughing match came off in the morning, and the dinner took place at the Burrell Arms. Tke chair wee taken by Sir C. Burrell. At the con clusion of the dinner the usual loyal touts were drunk, after which, nearly 601. was distributed to the successful competitors for the society's premiums to meritorious labourers. The health of the chairman was drunk in due course. In aeknowledgingthe compliment, he took occasion to disoeuree upon various agricultural subjects, printing out especially the great advantages derivable from box feeding as • means of fattening cattle, by enabling the foam to lay by more land for other purposes. COMMISSION BY THE LORD-LIECTENANT.—J. An derson, Gent., to be Cornet in Northumberland sad New castle Yeomanry Cavalry. LEICESTERSHIRE. COMMISSION BY THE LORD-LIECTLNANT.—Lient. G. Palmer, to be Captain ; Cornet W. Brooks, to be Captain- Lieutenant ; Cornea. L. Darwin, to be Lieutenant; Cornet W. Manhall, to be Lieutenant; Lord Bateman, to be Cornet ; the RIM. A. R. Harrison, to be Chaplain; of Prince Albert's Own Leicestershire Yeomanry Cavalry. WILTSHIRE. 1 THE NEW MARKET-HALL AT MELKSILAM Wu pub licly opened for business a few days since, and • large quan tity of cheese was disposed of, this commencement being most satisfactory. The whole of the building is composed of Bath stone, and now forms a noble ornament to the town. The hall (which occupies an area of 50 square feet) is in the Italian style, having pilasters , frieze and cornice in the centre compartment, surmounted with a pediment, and bell turret. The ground-floor is to be de voted to the sale of poultry and egg.; and immediately over is the hall, a noble room 45 feet by 22, haring an open ven tilation in the centre of the ceiling. Attached to this are two ants-rooms, each 22 feet by 16 ; one of which it it pro posed to use for a reading room. The remaining portion of the ground, forming a quadrangle in the rear of the hall, is occupied with the covered market for cheese, extending 320 feet; over which are three tiers of store rooms. The oust , is between 3,0001. and 4,0001. 110ILSET6HIRIL A HINT ON THE EDUCATION QUESTION.—The following is a literal copy of a notice lately exhibited in this neighbourhood, says the Dome Chronicle: " This hto SW tile t h at there hue some ill despond Persons brok in to —'a orchard and Carved a Welty a queanteay of aides, hoover Will breng nun that the ruses me be nowen to me shall revive one gluey rewarde ; and Likewizethitre is a mane trap sit in this orchard.. an spikes." THE POISONING AT lITON.—The examination of Mar, Fisher, who stands charred with the wilful murder of her husband, has bona brought to a ministate*, and the riscoter oomailttod kr trial KENT. COMMISSION BY THi - TORD-LIEUTENANT.—The Right Hon. John Earl of Darnley ; Sir TN. Montrfiore, But ; and J. A. Wane, Esq., to be -Deputy•Lientenanta. LITERATURE. Tail NATIONAL LIBRARY FOR IRELAND.— MA Life and Times of Daniel O'Connell, Esq., MP.—The Life and Beauties of the Right lion. J. P. Curran.—Selections of frieh National Poetry.—The Mercenary Informers of '9B.—The Rising of '9B.—The Life of The td Wolfe Tone, 4e. Dublin and London, 1847. This series is stated in the advertisement to be the production of "distinguished literary Irishmen." We hope sincerely that the first epithet may be merited ; we hope that the authors are very "distinguished" among their countrymen, for we should almost despair of Ireland if it abounded in such specimens of pedantic ignorance and puerile conceit, in men who imagine that they are furnishilg readers fonrpennyworth of treason when they are only cheating purchasers of their fourpences for trash. The only value of the series is the comment they furnish on Sidney Smith's aphorism, that " Ignorance turned up with temerity is a livery all the worse for its facings, and there is nothing on earth so tremendous as the magnanimity of a dunce." We take advan tage of these works to point out some grievous economic fallacies and literary errors now prevalent in Ireland—fallacies long since exploded in every other part of Europe, and errors that would hardly be tolerated in any other country on the face of the earth. The first of these fallacies is, that utter ig norance of economic science is a necessary . qualifica tion for the discussion of economic questions. The writers of this series are utterly ignorant of the very elements of political economy, but they decide the most complicated problems in political economy with an arrogant dogmatism which would hardly be tolerated in Adam Smith. This is just as preposterous as would be an attempt to ex pound the mysteries of the Calculus, or the properties of the highest order of curves, by persons who had never opened a mathematical book. Econo mic science, like every other science, requires to be studied in order to be known. Persons ignorant of geometry . are ready to believe that the trisection of an angle is a problem of as easy solution as its bisec tion and the ignorantinee of economic science fall into errors equally glaring and infinitely more mis- chievous. - The second great fallacy , of popular reasoners in Ireland is, that wherever there has been a loss there must somewhere else have been a corresponding gain, and wherever there has been a gain there must hero been a corresponding loss somewhere else. This dou ble proposition, without being distinctly enunciated, is tacitly assumed as incontrovertible ; the loss to Ireland by the absentee drain is set down as a clear ' gain to England ; and the gain to England by the sale of her manufactures is paraded as a clear loss to Ireland. The refutation of a fallacy is easy when once we get it clearly stated, and its absur dity would not have escaped the intelligence of the Irish rhetoricians themselves, had they not involved their ideas in such a cloud of metaphors that the meaning of their language is hidden frcm them. There are obviously many looses which have no corresponding gain.; if a men loses a night's sleep, there is no other man who gains a double allowance of sleep in consequence ; if operatives lose a week's work in a strike, or peasants a day's work in attend ing a political meeting, no human being gains a farthing by their lees; if speakers and writers waste time and words in venting arrant nonsense, no person on earth gains by their folly. There are as obviously many gains which involve no corresponding looses. The agriculturist who la bours twice as hard as another, gains twice as much as that other, but inflicts no loss on any man in the world. Thethrifty, who gain by saving , do not take or withhold a farthing from their neighbours. All the acquisitions of industry, of frugality, of intelligence, and of skill, are clear gains to the individuals and to the community, but they cause no loss anywhere. These simple truths, once thoroughly understood, will help us to refute " the absentee fallacy," which may be called the monster fallacy of Ireland. It is calculated that millions of rent paid to Irish landlords residing in England are a clear loss to Ireland and a clear gain to this country. Now if residence by itself were a blessing and non-residence a curse, we should invariably find that the tenants and labourers of resi dent landlords are better off than the tenants and labourers on the estates of absentees. Now, the very reverse of this is the fact, as every man in Ireland who uses his senses must well know ; there are land lords residing in Ireland whose export from the coun-• try would be a national blessing. In all the declamations we have heard or read on this subject, it has not been our good fortune to meet with such a thing as a definition of absenteeism The proprietor of estates in Cork or Kerry residing in Dublin is as much an absentee from his estates as if he lived in London. Can any rational man point out the economic difference between intercourse by land and intercourse by sea? Steam-boats are as efficient agents of transport as coaches, and we believe that at this moment there is a greater amount of direct com munication between Cork and London than there is between Cork end Dublin. But we are told " the money is spent out of the country." In order to prove that this is an evil we should first be informed how the money would be spent had it been retained in the country. It is very possible to lay out money in such a way as that the expenditure should be a national loss instead of • national gain. Vast same have been spent in Ire land which it would have been far better for the country to hare cast at once into the depths of the Atlantic ocean. All money unproductively ex pended is an injury . to the nation in which it is spent. The money is not merely wasted, but it is employed in doing mischief; for every man who em ploys an unproductive labourer withdraws a produc tive labourer from adding by his toil to the general wealth of the community. It would be most gratify ing intelligence to us to learn that the rents of the Inch absentees were productively spent anywhere. They notoriously are not; and so far is the presence of such an expenditure from being . desirable to Eng land, that it would be a great blessing to the country If all the unproductive Irish absentees quitted it for ever. The real economic question is not between ab senteeism and residence, but between productive and =productive expenditure. It is, however, no wonder tint its nature should not be understood by the most unproductive writers and speakers that ever set them selves up to be the teachers of a nation. It is not surprising that " the manufacturing fal lacy " should be prevalent in Ireland ; for traces of it may still be found among the unenlightened classes in England. It aasumes,that " we ought not to purchase abroad anything that we can produce at home." Well then, let us test the . principle by an extreme case : we ought, if this aphorism be correct, not to import wine from France, but instead, we should cover the land with hot-houses, and raise grapes ourselves by arti ficial means. Now, let any man ask himself why this is not done ? He will be at no loss to discover that the simple cause is, that the cost of production of these wines would be greater than the cost of production of those articles which we give in ex change for the wines of France and Portugal, and that the difference between those two oasts would be a dead loss to the nation. The same reasoning holds good whether the difference between the two costs be great er small ; the lose is still certain, but the amount will vary with the articles. It is not possible, and if possible it would be impolitic, to establish manufactures in a country where the cost of production exceeds the cost of purchase. Such manufactures do not even ac complish what they profess ; they do not increase employment, for every one engaged in the manufac ture is taken away from the production of the arti cles by which the manufactures could be purchased. In the supposed case of the hot-houses and vineries, men would be taken to superintend the growth of grapes from the spinning of the yarns and weaving of the cloths with which foreign wines arc bought. All commerce ultimately resolves itself into barter, and the only practical question is. whether is the cost of the direct production of the article, or the cost of production of other articles to be exchanged fur it, the greater • for according as this question is deci ded, the establishment of the proposed nesaufantare will be a national gain or a national Ices. Nearly all the blunders of seninlarillial iegislation arias froan the perverse Writ .af =ding evorY bargain and sale as a x ransmits' la there is thattro wifi rekl and i ali:orzwaxi. tiallootraintrollsentia4brratieilhwzyryet: ;EPTEMBER 25, 1847. off Ailsa CrSig; and the haul - was 10 cwt. of fish. The cost of such fishing (GO/. per month for each vessel) is, no doubt, great; but, like thorough draining on the land, the return is in pro portion to the depth of the peuetration. It is remark able that while small fish seem to be leaving the shore the leviathan species are coming inland. In Sunday alone 160 whales were captured last week ; and a Norwegian ship, bound for Orkney, passed seve ral large shoals ; while, off Noss Head, they were seen sporting in monster squadrons. But as whale visita tions are few and far between, it is of more conse quence to notice that steps are being taken to initiate the western Highlanders in the mysteries of catching herring, and other periodical visitors of the finny tribe. This is to be done at the expense of the Desti tution Board, which has engaged several cunning fishermen in Fraserburgh to proceed to the Hebrides end give normal lessons in placation. In land, Mr. Mackenzie, of Cromarty, offers a reward of one guinea for the detection of unauthorised appro priators of mussel bait. The Duke of Sutherland is to give his salmon a jubilee for 1848; and hereafter fishing and angling on his lochs are to close earlier than heretofore. To conclude aquatic intelligence, we mast add that three Perth fishermen were each fined ten pounds Scots (which is 16s. 841. sterling) for fishing in the Tay on Sunday ; and this in virtue of an old act of the Scotch parliament (1661, cap. 18). The Mail of to-day gives a parting cuff to the Abinger system. In substance it is to the effect that at a period when the Highland population is living upon the charitable donations of the public, his lord ship keeps a beautiful and most improvable tract of country under moos and heather—a course which deprives the people born on that soil of their natural subsistence, and the nation at largo of valuable re sources. Equally angry with the tenantry, the Fife Journal fires off a volley of extracts at the poor tenant Celts, which is worth quoting as well for their home truths as for their graphic arrangement. The Marc & f lora we caohodeit at aadYathat forty lOgb. Wade" kr Vl= dr Wilms ihmINIL Ow warts Is timer it bra smosed. ribend strallas dr lon et fli er it bms momt p. _CPplels Pads lbstrbt lbst dr tar Mks stew WIDOW tar NW imilsd eta pm* who ses"baud saw reek loduldsr tra be .as li E =7 at ids. Is nor sod rarsld sardlity nay Wm Mond Oat OW( WWI dale ]wawa ... r; Walk ma MO lam /1111•1111 WWW, is dry add srt big tar marl; owl Oa re sorsa rim bs des Mr. MOMS Tallibm arid mak St mil Ids Si brows int di WNW Is al. ray Orr Nis (are bed • ma Is Or baseid) roses brad asses, as a masinsom weds ass, our asset • ft pale wadi ass mum Is swum& vas the asilikas t Moms Tim IRMA! low Ifter ROL cry,•dr sans rot arrow sever fsYsf sibmdes garb En/la bier add& die Os err ft soul at ISOL sr Oat war bstbirlise Bora Is tamped sad Lamar. via*" .111 iog mod Moemrs Is ark dopy doe sit Mk rasps drab gear tae tables at do dem s pina.. A Dr. AtOsmit. wham at Omar is Ems% Odle% a• mererat at Nis bbastif mai sail mewl Iddlibrdrist stogidas. sod sr Alma me" at loft me wl o urs sib draw le ssaod Amer sorb sburr Is dt Ile radar tame memo wean rev as del • kk ke!vves se a Mr oe•esir. ma) Its. Comb& et May, la • arm le dr Mode MiLlidalortsr it braid so s liserst at Wised Imre ass Mark% tairsolly Ors Is Is vabssbr Ort WNW Is at dr Illiderboss% ries& lir Id et are Yr. .dr bribbirselb syslaft riot *aphids Ire. rs• 11= 1 1 Bind gas biddy Ira ratativa ad rbss dra d *sow do yaw of want, Mel amidst It s blow bon • esessemirem n.. Sesta presiff Seim= is regarded from across the bonier ii is its most gloomy form. Yet it sewer ems premiers stestilag essemaim which tend to mutraliss ihis hceerdoe. This tap ecially happens when the iinsger kerns that ciesehes, not being eassoreted, are frequently used for public meetings, eel esesiimetly for festivitiesof that sober kind dedimaled 110114101. A curious specimen of devotion sad t was recently . displayed, not actually in srda, but in a hall adjoining one. A selection theprogramme will *ow how at the " Niehaus .elemi United Presbyteries Church Congregational 8444" the seses eili teldstellane were mixed sr. Ths with a psalm, a prayer, a = i rollhedsireed t comic song. (. Th ere lives 11. helm" lhelhdrise were continued by the song of do.iMatfes issa lls e that ;" a " service of tarts:" maw psalm ; a few seem mugs • and a service of Malls; Psalm the third was hometliately followed by " Bees wife of Aldivalloch r more psalm singing sad hull ; and the whole oseleded with a prayer. LEITH, THE MOIDERIIIIL—DUNDIE, SIFT. 22.—1 t ap- pears that Mn. Roy, who war alleged to have been con cerned, along with the condemned criminal Thomas Leith, in the poisoning of Mrs. Leith, bad been apprehended oa a criminal warrant The fact was, that the arrival of Leith's reprieve wee sempled with a generally believed statement that he bad peselsemod the poison, and that his reputed pas sion LA mins& tt with the meal. Towards evening, a nab et isispeolud persona mumbled at the Wert Port the et the woutan's residence, intent on hiking thew eMi lu i er a their ova hands. This was however prevented by the witheritiol o r ti the object of the tumult was o bs or i =hean the fo r deli. Mere the a bee hem morome—bet ate M i ll criminally sommined. The reprieve erne threes& that Leeds et helialazy" ..... ie edam Is dem to the Rama Swirsoary Se make au isepertast rein made% that had7s;ra — sr& to The awe of this enhatasate man ematinnes to excite inhume smaike. The convict still resolutely denies the crime, and seen that his Maranece will be seeds sear ha has awed to exist. The ezemniimw hes is inane" mesa days. lie is a mee essidesably above tlnemeees,,sed isms that ha lee skunk pee/aimed hie dmeddel air MB tidresse Icambia. Alassilsi to his own acs Ye is mks te be morns; red daring the currency of the kr *b lamed have el atones ix that purpose. PROVINCIAL. FALL 0? A Neaterday morning the printing-oliceof Messrs. Taylor end Co., near Deli "trees, Liverpool, fell down, in consequence of the walls undermined by certain excavations galas on in the W nidgkbourhood. Fortunately, a timely nods wow given to the_priaters, who made their escape. TMIIIIVE ROBBKET AT FLEETWOOD, DURING eta MA.DISTT'S Varr.—Yesterday the metropolitan police ressimod lallormatims that, in Tuesday morning, about 10 o'llesit,durlog has Mniettes *it to Fleetw ood , the house of fir. Mora Fools, of that pleas, was broken open, and theknowing property stolen; One 101. end two 51. Bank of