The Express. — London, England, 1851-06-21 00:00:00

SATURDAY .EVENING, JUNE 21, 1851. " tai air". I much firm* tel'6 ling eality of yrs than the cold water formerfp in: true to the life. , use. The spindle" by which the yarn h. ifengevolve up istienw,hiflucthd "sca the setalltabasedutimenis t itn of Te - . - 0., 1 racy hear the words, "Father, I have , wards ' at th ree thousand times in a minuteethroTheitig around ~,dY" eon almost fla g 9 yo u lips o f the latter. The Cellini Ito es Onsiderable distance a continuous and tolerably pens -..., t e i : "ca l m . - ia- from 'le but the Dove Tana is not , awing spray. When spun, the yarn is destined either for gaits - a ; mx , e .. - iir c u t mi O n e niatu to re py , ifi • With a e;efef 'threader for weaving; in the latter asseitiareeled into hanks coa rat ting h tric o ks f daroucbtfmoulpeotownipledxionthe, and looks abosednabee. l an e t h e n pac k e d tete bundle each matabaloar sixtythou awlitke Of lair trot a its "dthreadsyardsan If thivertedyambibt:tacmadehineryinftiniaread.to the firm ba r d hilt ' T enth, which we h op e is sal' just eragamisg in used in lace -making, and for other purposes. Ingland. beautiful With this result, the ordinary operations of the flax mill Bapp n h er o e , : 4 0 inacheorfes high —Tgres;°&thineVilmsznen. sa t d in a t his deli - terminate ;if the yarn be woven into any kind of linen or fabric, th at is as additional feature. Usually, how- Ole and brittle material. The " Itiffasafroothelemtage look upon, sad ever, the labours of the flax mill end when the yarn and r k :l a ire acq , s ua ri in o tante ., otherbu a l u a t l o w t Tsiaial PiNma y d t ea to gned by Thew', thread are completed; yarn is worked up into cloth by other which reflect equal credit on the arti s t and the manufacturer. hands and on different premises. We have spoken warm l y of th e beauty of these statuettes, We have altogether, . in . the . Great Exhibition, up- I hat not more war mly than they deserve ; but the y have wards of a hundred exh ibi tors in Clam 14. The roam another recommendation of a more homely character, hue rity of these, as might of course have been anticipated, of first-rate importan ce , and that is their surprising cheap- are from the vicinity of Dundee, Barnsley, Hall, Leeds, and . We were really quite surprised to hear the prices of Belfast. The Yorkshire fabrics comprise linen', hucka the specimens which we moat admired—Prices which already backs, drills, diapers, cheeks, and towelling', together with bring them within the reach of moderate incomes, but • peculiar mixture of cotton and flax termed " union s " which when reduced by the moles* race of competition The articles supplied from Dundee and Arbroath consist and improvement, eternally going on amongst our mann- principally of the coarser denominations of goods, such as titterer*, must soon make them an ordinary end general oilcloths, sacking, canvas for floorcloth and various other household dmorstinn. Descending from the studio to the purposes, tarpaulin.% dc. ; those from Dunfermline, and Weekship, we find various new applications of porcelain and that vicinity, include the finest table linen, shirting, da earthenware, which must greatly extend the usefulness of masks, sheeting% &c. From Ireland we have, as well as thesematerial'. There is, for instance, a handsome dress- the finest damasks, and other denominations of fine linens, Mg table in earthenware, made for the Dachess of Slither- coarse sacking and canvas ; cambrics in tissue fine as the bind, which has all the recommendations of marble without spider's web; robes of inimitable workmanship, cmbroi its liability to stain ; and several Etruscan slabs which would derail muslin', tablecloth., napkins, &c. ; in fact, every beautifully adapt themselves to a variety of uses. Of the article into which flax is convertible by human labour. table tops in porcelain hardly too much can be said in One of the first objects that strikes the eye of an oh earnmendation. The ground is a most delicate lilac, called server on entering upon the examination of this claw, is an "The Queen's Colour," from the fact of its having received exquisitely embroidered robe, which has already gained one her Majesty's warm approhation, and the centre pieces, p rise at Lord Thatree„,‘ school at Belfast, sod we think after Watteau, have all the delicacy and high fi nish of w al in ail probability, receive a similar testimonial from stippling. One of them is ornamented with flowers painted the jury in this department. In proximity to this is au trent nature, and is a good return for live minutes' cares] other very charming lady's robe, exhibited by Mr. C. Pel eaaniination. These tables are quite a study for harmony lie . . and alaz. from Belfast (designed by Mr. Matthew of colour, the general delicacy of effect being nowhere "" MlCenzie), indicatiee of considerable artistic ability, and Sancti by any violent or "lifer contrast. We cannot m ywreaght with a rare degree of skill. Front the no much for the jugs, on which are what are called celebrated royal manufactory at Ardoyne , a table " jewelled" ornaments. They are called eastern, and they cloth has been sent, which has been presented to are certainly barbaric enough for a pagoda. There are, Lord Clarendon, by the Royal Society for the Promotion 12°Werer• so ntannini P ainted 222r2 in the neighbour- and improvement of the growth of flax in Ireland. The hood, which look all th e better from the contrast. The border ams of a graceful arabesque scroll intermingled entleetinn is altogether 2 tar/remit' comprising every variety with flower'; in the centre is a basket containing a nage& of porcelain and earthenware manufacture, with much to fleent bouquet so perfectly delineated that we well might admire and rimmed. The neat most striking feature in pow to botanise among its contents, the corbeiUe being this %Item is the maad of the C9.ltbrook Dale Company, surrounded by a garland of rival beauty and richness. The of which tee i ,cersle resistanre is the group of the " Meeks; design for this tablecloth is Atm the pencil of Mr. J. 'Weise Night. - considered a great achievement, in pardon, Mackenzie (of the Government School of Design), and we 9 from the sire of the whole and the number and complies- believe Le also originated the patterns of the napkins exhi- I lion of the figures. There can be no fault found with the bited by Mr. Andrews. The sewed muslins and shin, design, which is hand some enough ; and to have got front, shown herewith merit very close scrutiny , as do the each a group sa f e out of the fire mast have beenv samples of cambric bordered handkerchiefs, lawns, and nemething of an achievement. But what it has cambric, belonging to Messrs. T. Bell and Co., of Bellevue gained in size it has lost in resemblance to marble tuella . ). and purity of colour, there being a marked difference s Mr. John Ilenning, of Cambrny Howe, Warrington, in in both respects between it and the smaller specimens of the county of Devon, has a collection of great interest. In Mr. Copeland. We consider the great triumphs of this Am to he in their table porcelain. The beautiful Du Beni the first P lace are some growing plants uf flax, the seine driedstate, and in the various preparatory stages, until dessert service has already lecn done full justice to in the in a Erpreas, when ethibited at Mr. Daniell's, in Bond- they lenlp? , 4r in the per fect . oa.enutaaent e m b ro idere d !uto nn, in linens hirel- street ; but it will repay a further inspection in its present .of divers , qualities , " Win ' , P ia ! : r . erchiefs, satin damasks, napkins, & c. Amongst d ram locale, where there are orportunite 4of comparing the acs - it samples is ono consisting of 39 banks to the pound equalled beauty of the celebra•ed tint with other attempts at its production is, the vicinity. I . the „ ow eeee w a of tine handspun unbleached yarn fur cambric, spun white and e old wt, only se coed in beauty, which, it is in the parish of Annoy, and exhibited by A. stated, has le . the p, upt, yof Lots , stgaley. culled ., WM:ellen. Henning's specimens include different varied.* of . cambric made from golden flax and silken will lie deliehted with the specimens of eggehell china, for which prizes were awarded by the Irish whith is light and delicate enough to win the Emperor's ile , prize (need we remind the reader that the brother of the Flax Improvement Society, in 1845. Specimens of Irish flax, cambric, and cambric handkerchiefs : the finest of sun and ninon offers on annual prize fur the liglaest puree loin cup and saucer?), and every one w ill he pleweel with these is the ono marked No. tilt, which actually contains no th e gergdmee vase in tuniuoia and gold, with a slight de- lea than 2.2 threads to the inch! Beside. this he has what duction for colour, which we have Wen richer and more is termed the " flax pattern" satin damask breakfast-cloth, like the gem in smaller articles There are various other unbleached ; another of snowy whitenees, in the centre of stands in china and earthenware in this attractive gallery which we find the Portland vase, truthfully represented; fall of noticeable features, but it will be obvious that to but, upon the whole, we arc inclined to prefer the one de- notice them all wineld be to write a catalogue, not an sell- siguated the Alhambra pattern, of superfine quality, though d e , Wa b e li eve t h at few of the l ea di ng (emu'," have it is difficult to determine, with accuracy, where the claims escaped us, while we have endeavoured as much as possi. ' to excellence are so numerous, and so nearly equal, which We to avoid repetition. Our object has been to indicate is ere-eminent. The flax cambric dresses, front the same 11 the classes of productions in which oar porcelain makers exhibitor, please greatly from their elegance, their cool excel, leaving the visitor to fill up the outline by care- 1 appearance, and their perfect adaptation in every respect fal personal inspection. 'The general result of our for summer wear. visit Las !wen a wondering admiration at the anis- Messrs. Sadler, Fenton, and Co., of Barest, have plants' tic beauty and perfection of workmanship, at which and seeds of 18.10—a portly welking-stick, weighing 41 os. Our British potters have arrived, mixed with an occwieniel being simply a single plant of Irish hemp. In juxtreposi- I regret at the obvious want of concert between the artist tion to this, there is half a hank (or 6 cuts) of home-spun who designs and the workman who executes. It is well yarn, comprising altogether 1,800 yards, spun by Jane known th..t on the contiue at each new production of Draw- Magill, a poor woman, 85 years old, residing at Ballyclare,9 doe or Scares is the mule of frequent consultations between in Antrim. Of this quality, 600 leas or 50 banks would! the two, in which, while the one explains the nature and weigh one pound ; consequently, one pound of such dressed story of the design, the other describes the character of the flax would extend to the enormous length of 180,000 yards. 9 mateseil and the mechanical difficulties of the workman- In the car containing this marvellous specimen of skill ship. The result is a harmonious whole, and not such an end industry, we perceive a quantity of Irish flax 9 outrage upon cute as a girdle of many-hued poppies and " snatched," or with the woody particles removed ; 1 buttercup* round a vase from Pompeii, a thing not impoe- another specimen " heckled," or prepared for spin- able to lied in sow not very remote corner of the British ning ; and again, three qualities of manufactured linen, porcelain gallery. 36 in brown—extra strong, medium, and light; sheetings ' sc of different qualities, family linens, linen fur frontings, and a peculiar fabric entitled slate lincu, of a dark grey hue, ! made for the United States market, besides many others of peculiar character, almost exclusively manufactured for ! Southern America and Mexico. An exhibitor, by name Peter Asley, is the inventor of certain linen velveteens, velvets, and cords, which if not equal, either in appearance or feel, to similar articles in silk, are at all events superior to the generality of those wrought from cotton. Messrs. Bennett and Adams, of Coleraine, have placed in the present exhibition two pieces of linen, " curiously fine," ! woven by a girl of 11, of the name of Mary Boyce (of Lon donderry), who is certainly entitled to much commendation for her diligence. But a case that has received, and undoubtedly merits much close and attentive consideration, is ono con taining different articles worked by Miss Jane Adams, of Strabane (Tyrone). One of these is a very beautiful needle- week mar( of flex yarn in imitation of lace, in the con-9 Onsellen of which twelve miles and a quarter of thread' Wm boin consumed. It contains 3,475,000 stitches, and pi volihs only '5 I ounces. no same lady displays some pairs of cuffs, a collar, epos, &c., made of the same delicate material. From three light and gossamer tissues we turn to the contem plation of the less attractive but perhaps equally important articles, such as canvas, sailcloth', fiooreloths, fishing-nets I nod lines, webs. &c., fur which the good town of Bridport is more especially celebrated. (To be ecatbiacd). AND MANtrAf Tritr.) At the prevent moment, when the cultivation of Sax in this country is attracting so largely the attention of our aviculturists, it is not surprising to observe the in terest daily manifested by a numerous body of visitors in the preparatory stages of the manufacture,' and in the beautiful divlay of finished linen goods. It Milked, most desirable that those who are desirous of considering the subject seriously, should carefully note the preliminary processes, and observe, as they can, beneath the same roof, the distinct treatment required in this branch of manufacture, front that pursued, and already briefly detailed by us in the . description we gave of the cotton and woollen fabrics. The flax plant him a green fibrous stem, usually about two feet in height, and it is from the inner bark that the filaments so sateneirily used arc obtained and gene- rally known in their manufactured state under the term linen. The plants having been first pulled, are laid out upon the ground to dry. They are then steeped in running water, which dkiutegrates them in the course of a short time, after which they are again spread out and grassed; that is, thinly scattered over the surface of clean mown turf, and exposed to the combined action of the air and the sun. When dry thr7 arc ready for breaking, whereby the fibre Ia partially crushed and detached without being in the least degree injured. A diversity of engines are exhibited in another portion of the Crystal Palace for facilitating this operation: one. by-the-bye, of the most important in the whole manufacture. The apparatus most timidly employed consists of a kind of mill with three grooved cylinders, revolving in alternate directions the etas plants, meanwhile, peeling between them, become Minuted or crushed, sad radioed to a state It for " scotching," an Mkt performed spa thew is the eerie machine by funs powerful arm that pee pest boa a cylinder in motion, arranged so so to strike with eineider able rapidity and foree the tame of " boon " bean& The bark and valueless portions of the plant are thus allege • they removed. It is now adapted for the mill, wane the produce of the MGM field is converted either into delicate thread adapted (or the finger. of the lace maker, or into yarn _ . _ for the selkluth of a atan:etwar. At the mill the etweee tangled tibroi undergo the operation of hackling,wherabytlary are more completely separated or split, cleansed from all satr♦ aeons matter, and arranged in distinct wally' Sayan Mach depends upon the mode in which this part *lda mann feeture is conducted, bir the beauty of the yarn Is much aßeeted if the liaz be not properly saastbsd sad cleansed. The heckled Lis is now sorted according to Its litnees for different fans, when it is - drawn," owl repeatedly ro d:awn into Wag continuous slivers or bend% until they pre sent, in every part. an uniform thidancto sad width. O•e of these bands will at tint appear of about an inch ad a halt or two inches is width, and in the comma a int marlita will be almost imperceptibly reduced to • immitiftd IlkwitY, smooth, and lustrous ribbon, lase this as is& wide. J The god& Ire ere sow sieseribiee is no leave alibi , ale s after it ham bola bedded, the letter gulls yis thee • andoeissated " Vag," gad the ideate " tow." Beth awe ppepepeently ipss ieto yera of iiftr.at &sewage of geed. a beg, When the engem wbadate of Vas If *flew. hew . • bma lesught to the desized Wealth and wreeliew, they are , tin to the revise aaelliao," wide! tweadeows the ilgt ▪ VIM tate • nit elastic ey liAdrical coed, it is Via adopted .s IN lie *beim seebbse. no iinaininachince are on whet teelnieelly formed %Min met fly principle, and Sm. •nlite mod. Mom •i b open la a wet state. It hr, moreover, been ONO. Ise et bee water admits et Me orlolmeme et • box. * Aida contrimmee is not gllyoillimins In the riostanow k...6 l :st also liable to ignifkS Jai Wary te Rea isles of lumping are subject to a still rams objection. The sump can only be made nearly undo, the pump tree, so that during • long time of the ekshlng it often happens that only two or three rasa ma he oiseheek employed in the shaft. This is the caws of zs.sisollens delay in the construction of some of the Wok as those of South Wales, which are gene of as past dimensions es IS feet by 10. Mr. Rogers en si amiss which shows the method of suns*. ocall e A d ilia. For the construction of the section= lya himself of gutta pereha, a substance is copal& of almost as many valuable applications es frog itas It is about twenty feet long, and has the advantage of not being liable to any accident; or, if such happens, it can be easily repaired. Another important point is, that from its flexibility the sump hole can be made in any part of the shaft, and a greater number of mean are able to work in the shaft at the same time. In boring, it has always been customary to use a borer, the body of which was made of wrought iron, and the bit or end elf sheer steel welded on the iron. No attempts appear to base I been made to fix an definite proportions between the dine of the stuck or han d le, and the breadth of the bit, mad from this cause a very great portion of the power of the striker was uselessly expended. The fact that the took used by miners are machines, and that by the application of scientific principles to their construction, with the same amount of physical power they may be enabled to incenses the amount of work they perform, has not received that se rious attention which it deserved. By the improvement of the shape of a mandril or borer, the actual labour may be lessened, and the amount of work doubled. Some of the tools exhibited are those in ordinary use, the others have been constructed with a view to making them of such a form and weight as to be most applicable to the purposes for which they are intended. The borers are of cast steel, which is to be preferted to shear steel, on account of its superior hardness. Borers made with the former have also the advantage of transmitting the force of the hammer to the bit more completely, in consequence of their greater rigidity. To prevent loss of power it is of importance that the bit should be so proportioned to the handle, or stock, as to work freely in the bore hole, and, at the same time, bend or spring as little as possible under the blow of the hammer. The proportionate sues which have been found by expe rience to be the most suitable, are the following : Diameter of the octagonal Breadth of the cast steel handle or stock. face of bit. 1 inch It lt 1+ inch I inch 1 inch 2 II inch 2l The introduction of electricity as a means of igniting the seder in blasting, together with the other improv e ment s just named, may lie said to have constituted a new tos if mining operations. The possibility of the frightful accidents and loss of life which has frequently occurred in blasting is almost entirely ' removed, all the arrangements for tiring may be made and I full time is left for the workmen to retire to a secure dis tance before contact is made between the wire and the battery. Another advantage which blasting by electrical agency possesses is that several holes may be fired at once. When, a. in the old method, only one hole can be fired at once, the difficulty of what is technically called entering rock is very great when it is of any considerable hardness ; by the new method several holes are fired at the same instant, and the effect is that an enormous mass of rock is detached. On tho wall by the mining tools is hung a sectional drawing of a portion of a shaft now in course of sinking at the Mamoru Collieries, showing the manner in which the holes are placed for the purpose of entering reek. There is also a large obelisk of stone, which has I been raised by this means, and which it is poasible to obtain in blocks of twenty tons weight. The stone is extremely hard and durable. Some distance further down arc the tools used by the Cornish miners for breaking away the rock, for boring, blasting, &c., exhibited by Mr. Taylor, the mining surveyor of the county. On the table opposite there is an improved form of pick for granite-dressing; it consists of a stock, into which may be fixed moveable paints. The points of a pick soon become unfit for use, and require to be repaired. The weight of the picks being great, this contrivance u. of very great use, fur any number of points may be made to fit one stock, and a damaged one replaced when necessary, without causing any delay. The one ex hibited has been in use three or four months; the inventor it Mr. Michell, of Cornwall. Many serious accidents have occurred from the breaking of the rope which raises the buckets through the shafts of mines. Mr. Ince, of ltedruth, exhibits it model, illustrative of a plan by which he proposes to remove this source of danger. The bucket has springs at the side, which act upon hooks attached to the points of suspension of the bucket, driving them outwards, when the bucket is not suspended, into strong iron ladder staves securely fixed throughout the whole extent of the grooves in which the bucket runs. This bucket can only be lowered while suspended by the drawing rope. While the tension of the rope continues it can be raised or lowered, but if the tension ceases from the rope being let go, cut, or I broken, the springs are immediately set at liberty, and force out the hooks into the ladder staves, by whirls means the bucket is retained securely until another drawing rope is attached. Messrs. Eddy and Arthur exhibit respectively two models of apparatus of their invention for lining pumps from mines which are filled with water. With one a lift of pump, 12 fathoms long, and weighing 14 tons, was taken from the Mold mines. Illy the other a similar lift was raised front fathoms under water. PRODUCTS OF THE WEST INDIA ISLANI, We were rather disagreeably surprised on on, visit to the colonial section yesterday to find that the West India Islands had shown so little zeal in furthering the objects of the Great Exhibition. Jamaica, the most im portant, and which makes herself so friquently heard in our parliamentary debates, has sent nothing but a vase of artificial flowers, for which we are indebted to the zeal of a patriotic lady, who also Kindly contributes her por trait in Daguerreotype. As the likeness of the only con tributor from the largest of our West Indian colonies, it is certainly an object of some interest. The little island of , Montserrat sends a box of Indian cora and another of arrow root, spared with difficulty we suppose from the rats from which the island krises its name. There are some curious specimens of fossil woods from Antigua, for which tho cttalogue tells us we are indebted to the Countess Grey. They are highly polished and worthy of a visit from thole who take an inte rest in the silent operations of time upon natural products. Trinidad is rather better represented by various specimens of the vegetable and mineral products of the island. The pitch from its bituminous lakes will be examined with inte rest, and the fruits of the planters' efforts to grow cotton have an importance greater than their appearance would warrant. The staple of the specimens exhibited has been approved by competent judges, and it appears that the plant takes very kindly to the soil. Of the tropical cereals there is a large collection, and there is a series of specimens of vegetable fibre, which seem as if they would easily adapt themselves to many varieties of textile fabrics. There are also specimens of the curious mineral charcoal now exten sively employed in the manufacture of sugar. We were informed that its expense is only one-fifth of the material previously employed. Of the woods of the island there is a large and well-arranged assortment. They have all the hardness and ponderous character which distinguishes tropical timber, and also its inferiority in size, but they take a high polish, and inlay beautifully; and there is one large slab of a wood called Cedrela, which struck us as being superior in beauty to mahogany. Of the cigars and tobacco we can say nothing in commendation. The tobacco is bad in qua lity, and the cigars are wretchedly made. How strange it is, that within so short a distance of the Havannah, with the same soil and climate, such a difference should be per mitted to exist in one of the most valuable articles of com mittee. All that Barbadoes, the oldest of our West India, colonies, and commonly known as the garden of tie Antilles, can spare us is a basket of fruit in wax, which is certainly faithful to nature, and sone specimens of sea• bland cotton which do not indicate much success in the cul tivation. The most prominent, if not the most important feature in this section, is an ornament in sheliwork contri buted by a lady in Nassau. As a plod of the variety of the Island conchology it is certainly curious, and the various imitations of flowers are almost as ingenious as the cele brated feather flowers of Brazil. This contribution is gene , rally surrounded by groups of pleased spectators. Another lady contributes a very elegant collection of the island fruits in wax. The remainder of the West Indian specimens are of coal and other minerals, but they are neither numerous nor sufficiently well arranged to indicate that our Creole fellow-subjects have forgotten their constitutional indolence, or taken much interest in an undertaking which, if well supported by them, might have exercised a most important and beneficial interest on their own (at present) unsettled ILLUSTRATIONS OF MINING. Of the numerous substances to which the chemist gives the name of metals, only a few have been as yet found in sufficient quantity to be practically applied in the useful arts. They are never met with in the state in which they are required for use, but always in a state of combination with sulphur or some other body. Metallic ores are those natural substances which contain a sufficiently large amount of metal, and whose properties are such as to admit of its extraction being of acted with profit. They are found in • variety of positions, sometimes as bands or veins, called lodes, in the crystalline and older grati fi ed rocks; some time; forming beds or strata, and in the form of irregular mines in the more recent formations. After the miner has determined the position and direction of a vein or lode, • shaft is sunk to a sufficient depth and a gallery or edit level is driven from which the actual mining operations are commenced. The principal aids which are employed in the excavation of the ore are the pick and blasting. At forte_ the mar time it is necessary to carry on certain collateral BRITISH G 1 lANA. operations 's, the purpose of removing the water which cobras a the seine, and also of ensuring a continual supply The rather unsatisfactory position in which our afresh ale. Chas I. in the Exhibition contains several sugar-growing earosiee have found themselves due the Museadems of hapearcinents which dire been devised with advent of free Mu* Ind the consequent aye te to* pelloremes* dome. markets to the wan of Cabs and B redden as lir. Strin, et the Abereara and Owyther Collieries inquiry into their prodwativeams sad gitweral mast of r, Manmeathshire, has sent a collection of tools of resource • matter or mom than ....11111 importance at the , 0 ,3 a la g n , c ti on , tosetb si w ith a aer i es of drawings, present moment. To none of them does this rem& apply which an handed to Blnimels their merits. First, with more forcibly than to British Gamma, and we were there. regard te blasting : the seass•ry preliminary to this is fore rejoioed to have, in the conalemalve quiet cir the boring Ili bolos for istosississ a lb. gunpowder. It last, an opportunity of i the asaserass arini t has frapealy been ream Ask dna the application varied collection of its natural sad ari a this substance as a wow wog w r y few acme , culto t ry, whirl are displayed in the meths of the netts have been made in ths malimb adopted fee cutting Crys Paha and.. skilful dissedes of Mr. Sideway thorough hard rocks. The of a wisataiunig The tint la balsams are of tam as sugar spedmens, Swine power for U as duns/ the hmg which are numerous, sad a ereakostipslity but the oho" =required Jer e Ilmegh MA ism be. ratter of Damara semeevadees is tee - well . kdows is the the sale asses of sir it blot and rictus, Wiwi market t o eV loldillosad allalnkfArr• The only Espied' fins lib sei impoductive. The siose 'loyalty al lm __etimmagrainsas___ figgisiang, 111Mairfac ' asphyd a, Nardi, ale WOW Opella th e holm s i p cis tined arm me 1711111112 1111111 EMS k MI •11011111111141110 shaft while sinking wale airs allasely rude and lame- which Meek as it amliaad to m,an improved arras— dem. This b t w h i b i gl i wi n e d siru p*, sal is obtained at • • eassidarial• imams of sietharins matter. ins w i t h in i n i mmen t n om a m esi ppip s , Indian ass, ma wads a growing hapseasso la sew can iiiiga y e d ier 4 - i v op of urocs - m g meree, is regammatest Woes* a Ls amplem,sealowsdly ise kap. the brightest amal lmmt la the Eirdeeir a n a the o equally rid Lllls I . .02 b a l i kTre in tll s : l tti s= I V s I eff ass eel oi gro rice riag ibire an S lZl Ve re l ese t en a t t . VMS a two cut with musk Want and ouriasity. • sabedtat• he arrow iron tuba figissiak IS the esesser of a We- root, at sse•halt as east, is submitted, fa the dor of pre °teller IE4 hart tawsMatl II fie by means of a paradise et the green plantain, which, if, agemisoftd, must have a benefieLl ant in the exports of the ooltety. A very interesting feature iss the collection is the curious spe cimen of Cassava brag. made from a plant havi which, in ita entirety, is a strong poises ; but t h e Indians, ng first kneaded it into sakes, expeneit to the sun, and the poison being carried off by tvaperatson, loaves a pleasant and palat able food. Anodise strang• fast skeet the plant is, that its juice , althowifill/okaaneass la itself, ass be so extracted and prepared infins a powerfal andsoptie having the quality of mem* newt for years. It is bitter to the taste, but poison a be flavour, and offers a notable suggestion for a new sauce. Old West Indians know it, and use it for that purpose ; and Cassava sauce would be a good selling name. Some fine specimens of coffee have been sent over, having that peculiar smallness of berry which gives such value to Mocha ; and a new article of commerce is suggested in the preparation of dried Bananas, which have a line data flavour. Its introduction to our trade would be of great importance to the colony, ea the fruit is to be had in the greatest abundance, and almost for nothing. and the cost of preparation is exce edingly: mo derate. It has already been seen and approved of by many of those best qualified to judge, and is deserving of some notice, being an instance of the direct influence of Exhibition as in stimulating the production of new ar ticles of commerce. Another novelty of the same descrip tion is the silk cotton, a beautiful and silky dowu which grows wild in great abundance all over the colony, and is at this moment extensively used in New York in the manu facture of silk hats. It has already attracted the notice of the trade, and one purchase of two tons has been made—a large quantity when we consider the lightness of the article. I But for the Exhibition it is probable the colonists would never have thought of sending it over, as, until lately, it has been allowed to blow away and go to waste. Those visitors who pay more attention to the curiosities than to the utilities, will be pleased with the models of the natives' houses, and of their rude warlike weapons which are of suf ficent variety and mischievous character to indicate a tole rably bellicose idiosyncracy. The vegetarians will be de lighted to find that there exists in the vegetable world sub stitutes for almost everything that is now drawn from the animal. There are, crab-tree oil drawn from the tree of 1 that name, and which makes excellent candles and soap, and milk from the cow-tree, which will perhaps not excite so much surprise, seeing that already we have in London discovered the secret of extracting so copiously from the pump. A new fruit of fine flavour is submitted in the taviwa nut, which if it be successful in catching the English taste, may lie of great importance to the colony, as it grows wild and in exhaustless abundance. Lastly, we must not forget in enumerating its vegetable products, that Guiana is the birth-place of the Victoria Itegia, now the foremost of British horticultural woolen The number of country visitors who take interest in the affairs of the Apiary, will no doubt be much attracted by the specimens of first-rate honey, the produce of the Guiana bee, whose habits and characteristics form a direct contrast to those of his English relative. Ile is, in the first place, stingless, a detect our little boys would rather prefer ; but his strangest peculiarity is that he abhors the municipal organisation which has hitherto formed the text of so many profound proverbs. Be lives singly, manufac tures without assistance, and acknowledges no alle giance to a female sovereign. The remaining noticeable features in the collection are the specimAts of colonial woods, some adapted for shipbuilding, and some, the more ornamental, for the cabinet-maker. The latter arc appropriately inlaid as a table top, and look exceedingly well in that form. We have, we think, said enough to convince the reader of the number of one:haunted re sources by the application of which our fellow-subjects in Guiana might amply make up for any loss they may have suffered by the fill in sugars. The n.:r.diug of so many spe cimens to the Eshibaion is a hopeful sign that the colonial mind is beginning to take that direction, and it is pleasing tank to give every assistance to the dev elopment of so bene ficial a tendency. THLNOS WORTH LOOKING FOR IN THE GLASS PALACE. CLASS VI., No. 61.—Machinery in motion.—A very in teresting machine, the iuventien of Mr. Iles, of !lonicsly Works, Birmingham, for sticking pins in patent embossed tablets, whereby the old method of sticking pins is entirely superseded. The tablets are made by submitting circular pieces of paper to great pressure between dies, having rings, groove+, and various devices thereon, which are thus transferred to the paper. Another disc of paper is then firmly cemented to the back of the embussed paper, which is then ready to receive the pins. The tablet thus prepared is placed between two plates on the machine, having cor responding grooves, anal held securely, whilst a rotatory motion is given to the plates, will. the tablet betwe, u, and the pins are alternately forced into the grooves from a grooved barrel, which places a pin opposite to each groove as it revolves. During one of her Majesty's visits to this department she paid marked attention to this method of sticking pins, and wee pleased to accept a specimen, Prince Albert receiving the ode struck by the machine in their, presence. Ctass IX., 123 13.—Usher's Steam Plough.--A this in vention a woodcut will be found in another column. Fig. 1 shows a side elevation of steam machinery arranged suitably for carrying out this invention. It will be seen that tho under edge of the mouldboard and share is formed to a curve struck from the centre of the shaft or axis on which the ploughs are affixed; rt a indicate the frame or carriage of the machine. 'f he fore carriage wheels b b arc mounted on an axle, which turns in bearings c attached to the swivel frame 1), which moves on the bolts d for the purpose of causing the machine to turn round in a small space. A portion of the swivel frame 1) is toothed, and acted upon by the pinion and winch e ; the hind part of the carriage is here shown supported upon the hollow cylinder or roller), composed of two extreme parts, f 1 and f 2, which are wheels similar to 8 8, the intermediate part f being by pre ference removable at pleasure, so as to render these bearing parts suitable to the different stages of cultivation to which the machine may be applied. This compound cylinder has its axles supported in the bearings g, attached to the lower or to the under side of the carriage frame. The axle of this cylinder carries also at one end the wheel h, to be afterwards noticed. A moveable lever frame, i, i, i, i, is supported on an axle or shaft k, as a fulcrum. The free ends i i arc formed into the toothed segments 1, and arc concentric to k, these segments being acted upon by the two toothed pinions and spindles es, which elevates or depresses the hind part i i of the lever frame, and all that it carries, at the pleasure of the con ductor. On the carriage thus constructed is placed the locomotive boiler, with its engines of any ordinary con struction, as a n, the power of which is applied through tie medium of connecting rods o to the crank shaft p, the two am, of which stand at right angles to each other, in the usual way. The crank shaft p is supported on two standard* q securely fixed to the carriage. On the shaft p there is also fixed the spur pinion, indicated by the dotted circle p' p' in fig. 1 ; and this pinion, bytaking into the wheel r, mounted on the shaft 4, gives motion at the rametime to the pinion t, which is carried round on the same shaft k. The pinion t, thus actuated, takes into the wheel A, before referred to, on the bearing cylinder f ; and it is preferred that the pinion t should be applied so as readily to be put into and out of gear with its wheel, though not so shown in the engraving. By this arrangement of parts, a slow pro gressive motion is obtained for the whole machine, on the one hand through the cylinder f, and on the other hand a separate rotary motion, at a certain increase of speed, is communicated through the wheel r to the pinion me, fixed upon the shaft ti es, which last named shaft has its bearings o v attached to the moveable framei i. On the shaft u is are placed a aeries of plates or projections, fixed at regular distances. Or such plates or projections, with their plougbs afterwards described, may be placed upon separate shafts, each with its own proper gearing ; but it is preferred to place them on one shaft. These plates or projections on the axis arc shaped in such manner as to receive and have affixed to each of them several ploughs, adapted by their revolving motion to penetrate the soil, and by their mould boards to elevate and turn over portions thereof ; a a are the plates or projections fixed upon the shaft it ; they are each formed with a strong boss at the centre, by which It may be securely fixed to the shaft. Each plate a' has throe arms or prolongations b, 5, b, which terminate in the radial direction shown ; a further prolongation dr d' is carried obliquely upon each of these arms. Upon the plate and projections thus constructed is affixed the tilling apparatus, which consists firstly, of the part 40, which acts the part of the mouldboard or turn-furrow in the common plough ; and it is to be fixed by screw bolts or otherwise to the prolongation d' d'. To the fore part of this mouldboard eels affixed a bar of wrought iron, which is also furnished with a lug by which it is attached to the plate by means of screw bolts or otherwise; the bar, thus se- cured, forms a head or share bearer, as in many common ploughs. To the fore part of the bar the share is adapted, and fixed by its socket. The mouldboard, and also the share, may be varied in form. A fore-cutter or coulter is affixed in front of each share, by screw bolts or otherwise, anal is provided with the means of adjustment through the counter slits, in itself, and in the plate ; but, in order to meet the different qualities of soils and the various stages of tillage, further provisions may he em ployed. The number of plates or projections, and also the number of ploughs in each, may be varied. It will be seen, that not only the ploughs which are set in the same plane around the axis follow each other into action, but that the ploughs of the other sets (which are affixed around the axis in parallel planes) are arranged and COMO into action, so that two ploughshares will not strike the 1 earth at the same instant. In the arrangement of the appa ratus before described, it will be seen that the propelling of the machine along the land is by reason of the resistance of the land to the ploughs as they enter and travelthrough the earth, and the motion communicated to the wheels or rol -1 lets : This part of the invention is applicable where teeth lanco ax w s dcm ,. h an utnli l eesat Tl edour l s ti b: iett4h f e o le u t h n tfi d sroarpa t: ri ac hnood t f w he t,: hh t ee te cal r xiisns th ,weha a nh a ti eivohe m .h: alin o " n motion i theu or tines suitable for tilling the earth are applied about an the only 2 change necessary will be to employ a rotary axis ma, having tines or teeth of any suitable shape. as in At the usual meeting of the board of erectors of the parish of St. Pancras on Tuesday, it was unanimously agreed that the officers of the workhouse should be allowed three days' leave of absence, to give them an opportunity of easing the Exhibition in Hyde Park. It was further awed by Mr. Obbey, and seconded by Mr. Carter, tha Malt officer should be presented with ten shillings, to defray expenses ; but this was rejected by a large majority. A FRENCH VIEW OF THE EXHIBITION. The greater portion of the first page of s recent I number of the Wbota is filled with a communication from !the pen of M. Michel Chevalier, on the Great Exhibition of London. We give a rather long extract, but it is not too long for the nature of the subject. In winding up his communication M. Chevalier says: " The mutual dependence of nations, one on the other, in an industrial point of view, is revealed by the circumstance that, in the greatest number of cases, the means of opera tion themselves are due to the concert, direct or indirect, apparent or latent, of men of all nations. Thus, the first ' idea of a machine or a manufacturing operation may be Iconceived at Paris or London ; it is improved in some ob scure town of Thuringia, and it is brought into operation for the first time at Manchester or Sheffield ; then, by several transfigurations, not less curious than those of Vishnu, it appears successively, and in each ease lm ! proved, in the manufactories of Lyons or Zurich, of Breslau or Viviers, of Elberfeld or Glasgow, and perhaps at Lowell or Pittsburg, or some town of the Atlantic, it will arrive at perfection. Examples of similar facts occurred some time ago. Margraff, in some corner of Germany, obtained sugar I from beet - root as a curiosity ; Achard endeavoured to ma- , nufacture it on a grand We at Berlin, and the invention I then passed into France, where it has become an important I branch of manufactures. A French engineer had the ideset lighting by gas ; the idea crossed the Channel, and ob tained in England a prodigious success of which all the universe now shares the advantages. The Emperor Napoleon, with the view of ruining English manufac tures, offered a million francs to the inventor of a ma chine fur spinning thread. A Frenchman, Philip do I Girard, found the solution, and after the peace established himself at Warsaw, where he terminated his invention. His idea went to Leeds, where it was made perfect by Mr. Marshall, and he caused it to become the basis of a great branch of manufacture which enriches the very England it was intended to ruin. Every year sees some new improvement, or new application of the machine in vented by our celebrated Jacquart. Last year, at Nottingham, it was employed in embroidering tulle. This putting into common use of the efforts of the people, is at present the daily bread of western civilisation. I call it the daily bread, for it con- tributes greatly to augment the fecundity of labour, and to enrich each nation in particular. The same article may be worked to a first stage in one nation, to a second in another, to a third in another, and so on. It may thus cross live or six frontiers, and undergo five or six different opera tions before reaching the hands of the merchant, who sells it at home or abroad, in his own town or another hemisphere. A piece of muslin, for ex ample, mayhavebeen spun in Saxony with thre ads of Man ehester, obtained from a mixture of the cottons of India, the United States, and Egypt; it is embroidered at Nancy, to be sold at Philadelphia, Canton, or Batavia. The Crystal Palace is good for verifying this fraternity and equality of manufactures amongst the principal nations of western civilisation. It is evident to every eye. When I go from the English to the French quarter, and from thence to the departmeats occupied by the Zoilveroin, or the Swiss, the Belgians, or the Dutch, I find articles of about the same degree of merit, which proves that there is about the same aptitude and the same experience. It is more particularly noticed as regards England and France, especially if care be takeu to complete our Exhibition at London by the souvenir of articles which we had at the Carre's Marignv in 180, and the like of which the deceived manufacturers refused to send to London. In thus speaking of equality, Ido not mean to say that the productions of the principal nations are identically the same ; on the contrary, they are diffe rent, they have a peculiar character. They reveal in ma nufactunng genius special qualities, a distinct originality, but prove, or very nearly so, an equal degree of advance ment. If one is surpassed in one sort of articles, it is the first in another sort, which is quite as difficult, and it is not doubtful that the former only requires to be spurred on to equal the nation which excels. Supposing that the raw materials were everywhere equally cheap (and they would nearly be so if the legislator were to suppress in certain countries the artificial causes of dearness which he has taken pleasure in multiplying), the cost of production would be, or nearly so, the same, and the different nations would be nearly equal to one another;with respect to cheap ness.'. THE AMERICAN DEPARTMENT. TO TIIE EDITOR OF THE EXPRESS, regret the observations that have been made respecting the poverty of the display in the United States' portion of the Exhibition, and still more, that Americans should have felt them. It is surprising they should not have perceived that examples of concentrated riches were not to be expected from a country in which, owing to just and impartial laws, wealth is diffused among the mass of the people. Let them look at the Koh-i-noor diamond, at the gorgeous shawls and embroidery that conic from India, and remember, that these and such like Few gaws are worn by one, at most by a very few, in a whole aiugelom. The picture is not complete. There have not been placed beside them specimens of the tattered habili ments that are wont by the half-naked multitude. No doubt, if the American constitution had provided a privi• leged individual, or a privileged order to be supported in luxury out of the labours of the many, their workers in satin and velvet, in jewellery and lace, would be more skilful than at present. But, when they have reflected upon the accompaniments that would be necessary to such a state of things, would they be willing to make the change ? Per haps not. I am, &c., A TUAVELLEIt. HULL PUBLIC RAM COMPANY.—At the meeting in this matter yesterday, a call was proposed by Mr. Good chap, the official manager, of 201. per share to pay off liabilities. TILE HUNGARIAN RETTGEEs.—The members of the Exeter Reform Association having addressed a memo rial to Lard Palmerston ' imploring of him to adopt mea sures to prevent the further detention of Kossuth and his compatriots, the following reply has been received : "Foreign-office, June IS, 1811.—Sir,—I am directed by Viscount Palmerston to acknowledge the receipt of the memorial, date 10th ult., signed by you on behalf of the reform associations of Exeter, praying the interference of her Majesty's government, in order to procure the imme diate liberation of the Hungarian refugees detained in Turkey ; and I am to request that you will acquaint the memorialists that her Majesty's government have been using, and are continuing to use, their good offices with the Turkish government to obtain the release of these Hunga rians from their present captivity in Turkey, and her Ma jesty's government trust that their endeavours may before long lead to a favourable result.-1 am, sir, your most obedient humble servant, H. W. AnoisairoN.—J. Bur rington, Esq., Reform Association."—A very crowded meeting of the inhabitants of Leicester was held on Mon day evening in the New Hall (J. 1). Harris, Esq., mayor, in the chair), for the purpose of memorialising government on behalf of the Hungarian refugees now detained in Turkey. About half-past seven the mayor ascended the platform, followed by Mr. John Paget (a gentleman who had resided in Hungary fur some years), General Messaros, three or four other Hungarians, and is large body of gentle men and tradesmen. On the General making his appear ance ho was received with a burst of applause. During the evening he addressed the meeting at considerable length. lie said he had left Kossuth at Kutayah in very good health, but in broken spirits. The General expressed the pleasure he had in meeting the inhabitants of Leicester on that occasion, and sincerely thanked them fur the interest they manifested on behalf of his unfortunate country. Re solutions in support of the object for which the meeting was called, and u petition to parliament, were unanimously adopted. After having given three cheers for Kossuth, three cheers for General Messams and three groans for Haynau the meeting separated, having lasted nearly three hour.—Stamford Mercury. COLLIERY EXPLOSIONS AT BARNSLEY.—To show the extensive havoc caused by explosions in the collieries within two miles of Barnsley, during the last ten years, we give the following list; in addition to which we believe there are several of which we are not in possession. There are also many who have been severely burnt; and large numbers who have been killed front other causes whilst working in the coalpits within that circuit:-1841, Nev. 22, at Messrs. Day and Twibell's, Mount Osborne Colliery, Barnaley, 15 ; 1812, Feb. 22, at Messrs. W. Hopwood and Co.'s, Barnsley, 3 ; 1842, March 10, at Messrs. W. Hopwood, and Co.'s, Barnsley, 2 ; 1845, June 11, at Messrs. Firth, Bar ber, and Co., Oaks Colliery, Ardsley, 3; 11417, Jan. 29, at Q. J. Jarrett's, Esq., Darley Main Colliery, Worsbrough, 6; 1847, March sth, at Messrs, Firth, Barker, and Co.'s Oaks Colliery, Ardsley, 75; 1847 , August 27th, at the colliery of G. J. Jarrett, Esq., Darley Main, Worsborough, 2 ; 1919, January 24th, ditto ditto, 75; 1851, June 9th, at /dews. Firth, Barber, and Co.'s Oaks Colliery, Ardsley, 3; total, 182. IThus it will be seen that during the last ten years no less than 182 persons have lost their lives by those explosions, being an average of 18 lives a year—which has been a very serious , loss to the families of those killed ; and also to the proprie tors of collieries, by whom we are told that the death of each individual costa them 501. —Doncaster Gazette. MELANCHOLY INSTANCE OP SELF-DESTRUCTION. • —A most shocking case of this character occurred at Bk. mingham on Thursday evening. Mr. William Callum, a well-known auctioneer, having an extensive business in the midland counties, put an end to his existence by taking a large dose of prussic acid. About 11 o'clock on tho night in question the deceased was visited, at his own house, by Mr. Suckling, a solicitor, of Birmingham, and Mr. Glossop, • the chief inspector of police. In a brief interview it was ' explained to Mr. Callum that their object was to take him into custody on a charge of a most serious nature ; in reply he asked permission to speak with his wife a few moments, and retired into the drawing-room for that purpose. Mr. Suckling and Mr. Glossop remained in the hall, but in a minute or two they were alarmed by the cries of Mrs. Callum, who said that her husband had taken something; in fact, he had drawn a phial from his pocket and swallowed its contents, consisting of, it is said, more than an ounce of prussic acid. Tho unfortunate man fell dead instantly. It ' . seems that ho had anticipated public exposure, and carried' ' the means of death about his person. Pecuniary embarrass r mcnts are believed to have led to this painful eminence. • Deceased was between 40 and 50 years of age, and has for some years held the valuable appointment of appraiser and • auctioneer to the Birmingham District Court of Bank , ruptcy ; he was also the principal of the House Repository in Birmingham. GARDENERS' OPERATIONS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. From the Gardener's Chronicle. PLANT . DEPARTMENT. The daylight and sunshine having now arrived at their climax for this season, atove plants which are in a growing stste should be supplied' with the maximum amount of heat and moisture, that they may the sooner complete their growth, and have a longer period to ripen it in. Water should be freely and frequently sprinkled on every evapo rating surface, with a view to counteract the drying effects of the abundant ventilation, so indispensable in hot wea ther. Mouses which are not so situated as to receive the first rays of the morning sun should be assisted with fire heat, if necessary, early in the day, that the plants may enjoy the benefit of a high temperature in conjunction with the strung daylight of these summa mornings. Inces sant exertions must be nu.ir to keep insects in check, par tieulary;red spider syringing and washing the walls and hot weer pipes with lime and sulphur will have the desired ef fect, if perseveringly proceeded with. The flowering season of many plants may be retarded by . pinching off the earliest flowers, thereby husbanding their strength, and inducing them to make a longer season of growth; the latter object may he assisted by means of liquid manure. Forcing-pits should now be actively employed in forwarding Aehimenes, gloxinias, balsams, cockscombs, globe amaranths, and other plants, for immediate autumnal display. Shading and ventilation must now be attended to with watchful anxiety, taking care, however, not to habituate the plants to an excess of the former, as it is only necessary in strong sun ,shine. VIRCINO DEPARTMENT.. PINERIES.—When bottom-heat is declining, it may be recruited by surfacing the beds with a few inches of new tan; as, independently of its own f.:rmentive power, it absorbs a considerable quantity of heat from the sun, and attracts the roots to the surface, where they revel amongst the new materials. In addition to these advan tages, it checks evaporation, economises labour in water ing, and keeps the roots in a more equable state of moisture during hot weather. Vineries: Let the Into vines be supplied with a sufficient amount of heat and moisture to keep them growing at a healthy rate; and do not be fearful of the grapes ripening too early, as, by the retarding process, nothing is gained except ill-flavoured, bzully-eoloured berries. Grapes intended to be kept through the winter should be perfectly ripe by the middle of Sep tember; and as it is important to the Ilavour that the ripen ing process should he gradual, let divot he grown briskly till they are beginning to change colour, and then, by giving plenty of air, accompanied by heat, they will ripen tho roughly, and hang along upon the vines without shrivelling. Peach-house : Continue to keep insect, in cheek, using the syringe freely to keep down the red spider, and tobacco smoke to destroy thrips. The foliage must be kept healthy, to ensure success in the crops of this and future seasons. Should mildew make its appearance in the late house, dust the plants with sulphur immediately. Melons: Keep up the top temperature, and a bottom-heat of 8.1 deg., with a moderately moist atmosphere to the successional plants, and give occasional waterings. PLOWT.R.O Unr,:q ANT/ RHIWATIERIP.4. The most pressing work at present is that of keeping the place in order. A little pains taken with the walks at this season will be amply repaid by the air of comfort and plea sure which well-kept walks gave to my place. The old surface should be loosened a little with a sharp rake, and then receive a slight sprinkling of fresh clean gravel ; tho best time for the operation is when they are in a medium state between wet and dry, as the roller is then more effective in restoring the hard smooth surface than when the gravel is too dry. In connexion with the repairs of the walks, any irregularities in the edges should be put right, and the edg ings, whether of grass or box, or other evergreen, should bo repaired or clipped. This may appear to some to b. 7 an un seasonable time for such work; but where it can be done, the ettict produced amply repays for the trouble ; and in flower-gardens effect is everything. This is the best time of all to clip evergreen hedges or edgings, as they have time to make and mature a new growth, while the season is far enough advanced to prevent their growing very materially out of shape. Watch the different annuals as they come into flower, and mark those varieties whose superior habit of growth, size of Hower: or brilliancy of colour, make it desirable to procure seed from them; and that these good qualities may be perpetuated in their progeny, destroy in ferior ones as soon as they expand their first Hower. FLORISTS' FLOWERS. Carefully tic any pinks which it i= desirable to retain in form. 'When this precaution is not taken, they are apt to burst, and if warted for exhibition are then dl , qualificd. Some varieties, especially north-country flowers, will bloom without; preparations may he made ftr piping; a very gentle hot bed is the best to put tin at on, though they will strike very well in sandy compost, on a north border, pro vided they arc covered with a hand.glass. Some florists layer the first shoots, but these plants are not so handsome as those struck from cuttings. If any tulip flowers have been impregnated during their bloom, it will be advisable to cover the capsule or seed vessel, as moisture will Oiled cause it to root; a stick, having a notch sawn in it, so that a piece of flat glass may be inserted, is, perhaps, the best contrivance; by placing it immediately over the seed vessel, wet is avoided, whilst the sun mid air exert their influence on it. Tie carnations as they spindle; this must be done gradually. Should very hot weather occur, careful water ing must be resorted to ; for should the plants get a check now, it will very materially affect their future well-doing. Dahlias will also require water for the same reason ; these plants will do better with more moisture titan is usually given them. _ HARDT IPIWIT CARDEN. .... . - Pyramidal fruit trees, or trees trained to any other form, should have the gross shoots frequently stopped, to prevent the weaker parts of the tree from being injure d, and to en ' courage a more equable diffusion of the sap in every part. Tying in young shoots, where required to fill up vacant spaces, and checking excessive growth, where wood is un necessary, will demand our attention during the next two months; and if this is attended ti little or no pruning will he required in the winter. Trees that appear too vizorous, may with safety be root.pruned any time during the next month, and this will immediately ensure a fruitful habit. These directions will apply to wall-trees, as well as to standards in open situations. ITCHEN AUDT.N. Successions of the Braasica family may he planted upon land which has already been cleared of its former occupants, or intermediately amongst other crops, which will shortly ho removed, provided that the ground had been well manured previously. Another sowing of peas should be made; and the last in about ten (Lys after. Sow cabbage for enleworts, endive for main crop, and make the usual sowing. of radishes, turnips, lettuces, chervil, &c. Atten tion should he paid to the earthing up of potatoes, using tho three-pronged hack instead of the sharp draw-hoe, which it is a common practice to use, although very liable to cut otf the young strings which lie near tho surface of the ground. The soil for earthing should be drawn from the centre of the space between the ridges. The earliest crop of celery now requires partially earthing up; and as this is intended for immediate use, it should be earthed up by degrees, as the growth of the plant renders it us eessary. Carrots, parsnips, &c., should be thinned, the perfection of such plants greatly depending on the space allotted to them . pleat. indually. BEtlf:EaTa.—The treasurer of King's College Hos pita' has just received the handsome legacy of 2001. from the late Mr. Thomas Harris Bradshaw, and a further sum of 1001. front the executors of the late Mr. Frederick Robin son, forming, it may be obserred, an important addition to ' the funds of the hospital, dependant, as it is, entirely open such voluntary marks of benevolence. ENGINE-DRIVER KILLED ON TIIE CALEDONIAN RAILWAY.—On Friday evening last, an accident occurred on tho Caledonian Railway, which resulted in the death, under peculiarly painful circumstances, of James Watson, one of the steadiest and most experienced engine drivers 011 the line. He left Edinburgh on Friday evening in charge of the 915 mail train. Finding that he was losing time, notwithstanding his utmost endeavours to keep up the steam, he twice left the engine and went across the roofs of the carriages, to see if anything was wrong with the "drags." There being a cattle truck in the train, which had an awkwardly situated drag, he was in the act of ad justing it, when he misted his tooting, and fell Olson the line. The wheels of one or more of the carriages passed over his leg, and severed it nearly through at a point about as far up as the groin. He wait not observed to fall off the carriage by either of the guards or stoker. The train pro ceeded onwards to Carstairs, on reaching which a special engine was sent back along the line to ascertain what hail happened to the unfortunate engine driver. The poor fellow was found lying on the side of the railway in a pool of blood, with his napkin and jacket tied round his leg to stop the haemorrhage. Its was conveyed without delay to Edinburgh, but died soon after his arrival at the Royal Infirmary.—Caredonion Mercury. RAILWAY MEETING AT DEvizEs.—A large and influential meeting of the inhabitants of Devizes and its neighbourhood was held on Tuesday last at the Town halt, fur the purpose of taking into consideration the propriety of memorialising the directors of the Great Wes:ern Rail way Company to complete without delay the branch line of railway from this town into the main line at Stet erten, for the purpose of making which they had obtained the neces sary act of parliament, and had advanced considerably with the works. The chair was taken by the Mayor, and there were ?resod, T. 11. S. Sutheron, Esq., M.P., G. W. II:1,c -age, Esq., M.P., Colonel J. B. B. Esteourt, Co;oial Olivier, H. Butcher, Esq., the Rector of Devil., tho Rev. E. J. Phipps, and nearly the whole of the leading gentlemen and tradesmen of the town. A memorial to the Great Western Railway Company, requesting that the line of Railway from Devizes to Staverton may be completed and efficiently worked without further delay, and that the powers originally confided to the Wilts, Sem, rat, and Weymouth Railway Company, and adopted and under. taken by the Great 'Western Company, shall be put in fore' by the immediate formation of that line, was unanimously adopted. The meeting was then adjourned to Tuealay, July 22, to receive the answer to the memorial.— !Veils Independent. DERBYSHIRE, STAFFORDSHIRE, AND Won( ESTER smut JUNCTION RAILWAY.—The ordinary half.yealy meeting of the company was held at their offices, No. 2, Guildhall-chambers, yesterday; Rowland Gardiner Alston, Esq., chairman. The report of the directors recom mended the forfeiture of 7,666 shares, belonging to parties against whom proceedings had been instituted for the re covery of arrears, but who had submitted to bankruptcy of insolvency. A resolution declaring those shares forfeited, and giving authority to the directors to sell them, was car ried unanimously, and the proceedings terminated. •