The Express. — London, England, 1852-08-05 00:00:00

PROFESSOR MUSPItATT to Mr. ALLSOPP. Wm earalcly sailysed movies of your A 1,., aid end that they do not I:notate a parade of any injuram talmance. 1 and ley fanny hare taint 'oar Alm for yews ; ad with perfect aceideme In their l.utitr. 1 liwow that Pale Al,, prcpared so My. ur kr• ry, maim ameotlik serecillame, contain.* a Lune quaintly of astritLar utter; an-lth• hop, by VW took propertick giro. a Maltby tom to the Mouth. ttlia RIDAN 11110111PINIT. "Member of the loyal Me Afralmay, And of Is *WA* ellarassragermut College Of CheaLtry, Liverpool.. &LLSOPP'S PALE or BITTER ALE may be °Wood I s arks of IS gams mod upwards from the. rr, asThat; owl from Brandi MISS LONINO*I.. at eadrestreet IIANC111.O11:11 at ltecie.ptsee. ttU oLEY at Burst Tree. °LA. (lOW at 11 l, St Voseent's.street. DI'ItLIM EI{bItNOUAYt Multethall. Is either at wit-St tliaes a list ot t eapretable parties who *apple t►e beet as battles (sad al* etaka at the ntme vrras ue !ruin the &terry) may at say Use be se.e. Zfte erpl•eol4. TO COHRESPUN A Sewed Wien " llie Express," eeslaislng the ism livsairg's " rieseve,"is puhllshed 'my Tieesear ani.l friday sigcr, to In Le Orr rose. AnienEseirger• :Mended kni "'Cho Ferrero," bee on Erecting pep, mum h.• tit t►e t /Uwe. W, CosseriLLstrest, Yip inn L'clenh on We W of pablicatim. MOH, WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tuts Div—Mating. 31‘.17e..........Aftimi50a, TC•Vollialr —Montag, 1. Y. Ha. LONDON. THURSDAY, AUGUST 5. AT last the general election is over. The return for Orkney has been made, and the l)erbyite candi date, Lord-Advocate Iseitts, has been defeated. The House is made ready for meeting, and the questions now rise—what will the Ministry . put before it? —and what will the House say to their propositions? The efforts of the ministerial journals to affect an air of satisfaction at the composition of the new Parliament sad of security as to the existence of the Diftni cabinet, are bat a thin and transparent veil to hide from inquisitorial view what is really going on in the camp of Toryism. To all who have eyes to see And ears to hear, and ordinary powers of comprehen siom wherewith to understand, the true state of the tase is palpable enough. Ministers are still in a minority; the persount 1 of the administration is still a jectly deficient ; and after five months' tenure of office they are still without a principle or a fOrIMIMC. 'to supply these fatal wants must be the occupation of ministers during the period which will elapse before the assembling of the Legislature. To win over minor waverer, will be the business of the virtuous and consistent SECRETARY to the TREASURE aided as of yore, doubtless, by the discreet SECRETARY at WAR. We are not in general given to suspicion. We think it a corrupting habit of the public mind, never to be lightly or rashly stimulated into activity, and gene rally speaking more apt to misdirect popular judg ment against the innocent than to ensure the detection and exposure of offenders. Yet we freely own that with unbounded means of political seduc tion in the hands of men who have proved themselves so unscrupulous in the use of them as regards the electoral classes, we should entertain no inconsiderable fears as to their application to certain portions of the newly-elected representatives of the people, were it not for the salutary conviction that already begins to pervade all minds that the present Parliament is sure to be of no very long duration, and that the next day of reckoning is certain to be not very long deferred. The time was when a Par liament, no matter how da in character and notoriously corrupt, might w it impunity protract its scandalous existence, and run out its legal period with impunity. But that day is passed for ever. Neither the court nor the country are capable of being bullied or swindled into acquiescence in such a state of things as that to which we allude. Let the conviction once be justly formed that any party in office is attempting to maintain itself in power by tampering with the legislativs body, and its guilty doom would instantly be sealed. An appeal to the nation would be spee dily demanded, and in a tone that would be wholly irresistible. We do not therefore attach any credit to the tales that already have begun to be circulated about "the Man in the Moon " visiting the neigh- bourhood of Westminster. After what wo know to Live taken place at Liverpool and Derby, there can be no hesitation in ascribing to the party of whom Major BERESFORD was, and Mr. SIACKENZIE is, the whipper-in, a zeal in tho performance of their task not bounded by ordinary considerations. But even they will hardly succeed in persuading halfa-dosen Icentlemen who have been returned on Liberal principles at the late election to vote against freedom of trade, freedom of education, or freedom of representation in the new House of Commons. A change in the staff by whom Lord DERBY is surrounded, is a matter equally desirable, but hardly less difficult of execution. The unfitness of men like 'fiords MALMESBURY and JOHN MANNERS for offices of high responsibility was indeed obvious enough from the first. But their tried and proven inmpacity . is more embarrassing to their co adjutors in the business of state conjuring. Hitherto, the pleasant tale told by way of averting condemnation from the blundering head of the sham SECRETARY for FOREIGN AFTMES bas been, that once the elections were over, and Protection decently interred, there would be no longer any obstacle in the way of Lord PALMERSTON'S entering the Tory cabi net in the capacity he had so long filled in the Whig, and with the personal distinction of official leader of the Home of Commons. And doubtless such a change would be bailed by the whole of the re actionary party, not only in this country, but else where, with triumph and exultation. But without wasting words in the discussion of the consequences that would flow from such an event, it may be summarily dismissed with a laugh. The thing is impossible. Lord PALMERSTON, whatever be his faults, has never been suspected of being defi cient either in spirit or sagacity. He may have mis taken the dispositioo of a foreign court or over-rated his position among his official colleagues, and thus fallen into embarrassments and errors. But he has at all times played high for popular coofidence and national applause. To win these he gradually severed himself in his earlier days from the worst sins and faults of the Tories, to whom he had originally be longed ; and for sake of these he has risked in ma. turer years, .again and again, the stability of the Whig administration, choosing rather to stand well in public opinion than secure in power. Dom any rational man believe that now, at the end of his career, Lord PALMERSTON would incur for an hour the reproach of apostacy, and the still more galling taunt of having been miserably taken in? But after all the great difficulty of all remain,— that of finding any set of measures which the stupid bigotry of Toryism will support, and which at the same time the country will endure. Putting aside altogether the performance in mute pomp of the fu neral obsequies of Protection, how, or in what man ner, is the QUEEN'S government to be carried oo ? Is the Income-tax, which Mr. Diemen has deliberately pronounced to be incorrigible in its essential features, and which he, at least, cannot therefore undertake to modify or alter in its shape or form— is this important tax, so obnoxious to the throe hundred gentlemen who sit behind the CHAN CELLOR of the EXCHEQUER, to be made finally and for over a permanent porti o n o f our fi nancial sys tem? Will any jingle of fine or evasive words persuade those who hooted PEEL out of office, and bunted him down in opposition, to pay this annual tribute of three per cent. upon their incomes to his memory ? Or, if there be a surplus in the Exche quer at the close of the present year, will these worthies consent that the relief which it may enable I the Minister to afford should be conferred upon the industrious millions, instead of being clutched by the few for their own peculiar benefit? And if, upon the other hand, in the anxiety to make some show of keeping his five years' word of pro mise to his followers, Mr. DisnAr.o should attempt some of his oft-threatened jugglery in local or gene ral taxation, how many days will he sad his col leagues he able to maintain themselves in their pre sent position? Tho dilemma is the old and vulgar 000 of the rake in the farce. He has played out his double part to perfection and triumphantly to the last scene, in which those whom he haa rally duped meet face to face, and he is simuitane- Q uery by all of them discovered and disowned, " NOT the slightest blame attache. to anybody." This is the refrain of almost every accident that is occasioned by the property of a public body, and not an individual. When a large steam-boat cuts a small steam-boat in two on the river, we almost invariably read—" Not the slightest blame attaches to any body." When railway carriages shave the pillars of a station so clearly, that if a traveller put out his hand to feel if it rains, it is sure to be amputated or if he put out his head to nod to a friend, h a bruins are certain to be dashed out, the government investigator mildly suggests that " the limit of safety has been passed ;" leasing the inference that—" Not the slightest blame attaches to anybody." This has become so thoroughly and conventionally the running verse, that even our own reporter, only yesterday, in describing a fatal accident caused by a tire box and ash tray detaching themselves from an engine of their own spontaneous accord, takes up the running verse from sheer force of imitation and habit, and writes " no blame attaches to any one." We are not going—considering that this Inst case is under investigation—to demonstrate who is to blame or who ts not to blame in this or that instance; neither can we in any instance echo the absolution and remission of the cuckoo-note so constantly repeated ; but we think this a fitting opportunity for a word or two on the rationale of what are irrationally called railway " accidents" in general. It is not to be denied that the victim of injury, whether to purse or person, is exceedingly fond of immediate revenge. Revenge is his first, because— such is human weakness—his sweetest impulse. No gouty 'squire can deny that, when anybody intensi- Iles his agonies by treading on his toe, the pain is I promptly assuaged if he can only knock somebody down. When a drunken cabman runs against your Brougham and dashes your head through your own glasses, tho suffering would be insupportable, could you not enjoy the luxury of giving him in charge of the police. There have been men who actually en joy being severely assaulted; or overturned in cross country coaches, because of the golden ointment which they sec in perspective (in the shape of swing ing damages), for their present bruises. Although this love of vengeance is not an amiable trait of private character, it is not without public advantage. It occasions carefulness. Its tendency is to keep clumsy pedestrians off the toes of gouty country gentlemen ; it restrains cab-men from gin by means of a wholesome dread of "getting into trouble;" it causes coach-masters to look vigilantly to the efficiency of their axles and into the charac ters of their dnvers. There are, however, injuries —and those the most wholesale and terrific that modern flesh and bones are heir to—for which the compensating pleasure of prompt requital is denied. We mean those occa sioned by railway accidents. When, while being whizzed along at a mile a minute, yon instan taneously feel a sensation like the end of the world; and, on recovering your faculties, perceive that you have been suddenly converted into a small ingredient of an appalling melange, consist ing of broken carriages and injured pas sengers ; and when on discovering you are miraculously able to stand, and that all the passen ', gem have been extricated, you look round for a vie um upm whom you can pour out the consoling vials of your wrath—you look round in vain. You know that the station-master is innocent, and learn, per haps, that the pointsman pulled the right levers, and displayed the proper signals. The guard you com miserate; and, as for the driver, he, poor fellow, is gelatinised under his engine. There is no one with whom you can charge the police; no one even,whom it is of any use to scold. Although you fiercely com municate to the directors (through ouc of the porters) your firm intention to sue them for damages under Lord CAMPBELL'S act, yet, when you find yourself safely at home (not having an enduring sense of wrong) your anger cools off, and you determine not to undergo " the bother " of suing the company. But, upon one course you are determined—you will address to it a strong remonstrance. "To it." That neuter pronoun is the pivot around which turns the whole mare of coal-administration that occasions railway accidents. Wherever a vitas ' ttophe occura there is no one to knock down, no one to give into custody • and, although there is the whole body of shareholders to sue—through the Board of Directors—for damage's, yet who is actually and immediately to blame ? To whom can effective remonstrance be addressed? To nobody; for the official inspector declares, and tho newspapers tell you, that " not the slightest blame attaches to anybody." As the justest and most potent complaint cannot cure the Past, its only utility is necessarily to give impulse to precaution for the Future ; but no sort of remonstrance, entreaty, or expostulation can move the hearts of the directory and executive of a rail way : public bodies, having no individuality, have, as is well known, no souls. Consequently—to sum up the exact state of the cue—no one is practically responsible fur Railway Accidents. The moment men of even the highest responsi bility combine themselves into a board, they pus into the neuter gender. They are as irresponsible as oysters; and, on the subject under discussion, as dumb. Although Lord CAMPBELL'S act makes the company responsible for the consequences of a catas trophe after it has happened," the Board" invariably holds itself utterly irresponsible for the cause. The public hurl anathema at it; and it passes the com plaint in business routine to its executive officers, who shift the blame from their own shoulders, with the whine of a school sneak, " Please, sir, it wasn't I ; it was the guard," or the " pointsman," or the " engine -driver, " or the "station master." In the end some (possibly) blameless subordinate is offered up as a sacrifice to the wrath of the public ; the real offenders escape, irresponsibility flourishes, and acci dents continue. Let us trace the evil to its root ; we must not say of railway boards that. like the rest of the neuter world, they have no conscience to touch, no remorse to reach. Directors stiuid between two harassing fires—firstly, the half-yeerly heavy artillery of dividend-exacting shareholders ; and secondly, the incessant small shot of the remainder of the public popping away at them for maximum accom modation and minimum rates and fares. A false, short-sighted, hand•to-mouth economy is partly forced upon directors by the first, which prevents that liberal disbursement of con structive and working expenditure which ensures for the future sound and permanent economy; while it hinders—often for the want of means—compliance with the reasonable demands of the public ; and in asmuch as multitudes at low fares pay infinitely better than few passengers at hitch fares—actually operates to keep down the dividends, which the shareholders clamour to be kept up. A too great accumulation of experience has proved that of all the incidents of expense none are so costly as accidents. From five to ten thousand . pounds in herd cash, be sides incalculable (because imperceptible) losses occa sioned by shocks to the timid, and, consequent re straints upon travelling, are drains upon railway treasuries incurred by casualties which the public scarcely hear oE It is nonsense to suppose, there fore, that Railway Boards are not fully alive to the necessity of preventing accidents, and of ensuring public confidence in their lines; but if clamouring shareholders cripple their means, bow is working efficiency—the only certain safeguard—to be at tained? But here arises the question—Do railway directors employ the pecuniary means entrusted to them to the best advantage? Would, for instance, the Ash_ ford or the Hampton accidents have occurred if—in stead of thousands having been spent on the orna mentation of the Easton hall, and in dandy stations along the line, and teas of thousands upon a senseless competition with other lines—some only of the wasted money had been applied to widening junction sta tions, strengthening fireboxes, and establishing a thorough examination of engine gear before it leaves the sheds? Would not some of the squan dered cash have been better employed " in an efficient distribution of power over trunk lines, so that when an engine has, in its calls at the various stations, picked up more weight than it can effec tually draw--(as was the cause of the disaster at the Bicester station some months since)—more power could be promptly supplied ? The answer to these questions is the fact that the losses sustained by those so-called "accidents" would have paid fur such timely precautions ten times over. Hence, in the end, the proprietors have to pay for the luxuries of litigation, for palatial waiting rooms, fur fierce com petition, and the cxpersive results of accidents in addition. After immense sums have been squandered thus, and lives have been lost, the necessary improve ments in the working of the traffic are in most cases made. Railway prevention generally comes in Irish i._ THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY fashion, after disaster. Procrastination prefers squandering and killing its way to permanent im provement. To strike therefore at the root of the remedy we would earnestly entreat shareholders (who we sincerely believe dislike railway accidents as heartily as piesengers do) not to clamour too greedily for the extra, and only just possible, half per cent. of half yearly dividend ; but to leave rather a liberal fund tor the efficient working of their lines, and, let them remember—for the certain improvement of future dividends. We would remind directors that the life and essence of their being as railway mana gers are their permanent way, rolling stock, and executive officers. When they have put all these upon a thoroughly oomplete and effective footing accidents will bu hardly possible; then, and not until then, will they ho justified in spendirg the money of their constituents in art and in law. Competition will, in such a state of effi ciency, cost nothing; fur the most overwhelming weapons with which they can arm themselves against their rivals is public confidence in the punc tuality of their trains, in moderate fares, and in such management as will ensure unexceptional immunity to life and limb. On the other hand, while accidents on railways continue to be caused by too few or underpaid ser vants, by ill-constructed stations, because "stamped" in their construction, by ill-secured fire-boxes and other deficiencies of plant, the stereotyped sentence — "No blame attaches to any ono" must convey an unqualified falsehood. Blame belongs somewhere in every railway casualty, but the whole secret of the fallacy lies in this fact—that, properly, the fault is distributed over a great many persons, not infre quently beginning with the shareholders and dirge tors, and ending with a policeman or a pointsman. As two negatives become an affirmative, so, con versely in such a case, a great many entities become a nonentity. An injured public does not know upon whom to fix the blame—there is no distinct, tangible, knock-downable delinquent; for out of a crowd of participating criminals, consisting of direc tors, secretaries, station-masters, inspectors of en gines, drivers, firemen, policemen, and pointsroen, Mr. Nobody niagnunimously steps forward and takes, the entire blame on his own shoulders. Then the government inspector, the coroner's jury, and even the vigilant, omnipresent, acute newspaper reporter, arc all happy to inform a confiding public that " not the slightest blame attaches to anybody." FRANCE. PARIS, WEDNESDAY EVENING. I regret to have to announce that Count D'Orsay expired this morning at four o'clock, in his apart ments in the Rue Ville l'Eveque, after languishing during many weeks of a paintul illness. The I'atrie states that no review will take place on the 16th of August. Of course this announcement applies to the national guard, who arc then to re ceive their eagles. I have taken some pains to sift the truth of this report, and have strong reasons to believe that it will turn out unfounded. No doubt the national guard is far from favourable to the plan of re-establishing the empire. But I believe that the purgation of the national guard, which I an nounced yesterday as going on wider the orders and direction of the staff and its colonel, M. Vieyra, has been undertaken with the object of rendering the re view possible, without the occurrence of those cries which are unwelcome to the Presidential car. I have been informed to-day from a good source of the circumstances attending the resignation of M. Maillard, president of the judicial section of the Council of State. M. Baroche, vice-president of that body, was the person charged with the ungrateful mission of making known the will of the l'rince-Pre aident. M. Milliard requested that he might be I allowed a fortnight to finish some important busi nese in the Council of State connected with his de partment. M. Baroche said that this delay was im possible, and drew from his pocket the paper con taining the formula of resignation declaring that if it were not signed immediately dismissal would be resorted to, instead of the acceptance of a voluntary retirement. M. Maillard at length consented to give his resignation, but on condition that he should be the only member of the Connell of State sacrificed in consequence of his vote on the Orleans question. M. Baroche gave the most distinct assurance that there was no thought of visit ing any of the rest with the same severe measure. Upon this M. Maillard signed the paper. It may be imagined what were the leelings of this venerable ex-councillor on learning that three of his colleagues had been dismissed for the same reason. To what accident the maintenance of the four other councillors who voted against the government is due I Gin not informed. it is said that M. de Vintry owes hie escape to the new minister of state. M. Joseph lloulay is indebted, it is supposed, to the intercession of his elder brother, the senator, formerly vice-presi dent of the republic. M. Marchand is expected to give in hie resigna tion. The 4ssen46l4e Natioaak of this day has a frag ment from a forthcoming history of the English Re public and of Cromwell. It is signed "M. Guisot," ts copied from the last number of the Rerue Contem poraitie, ands headed " Cromwell, sera-Vil lloi?" The prefect of the Sarthe has addressed a warning to the Union de la Sarthe, published at Le Mans, fur giving an account of a sitting of the m un i c ip a l coun cil ot Le Mans. The much talked-of book of M. Prondhon has ap peared to-day. As the only extracts which have reached me are made in a sense favourable to the go vernment, it would be useless to give them unba lanced by others of a different tendency. Ho con cludes by the following passage, extraordinary in the mouth of a republican: Louis Napoleon is really the elect of the people. The people, you say, were not free. The people were deceived. The people were afraid. Vain pretexts. Are men afraid ? Are they deceived in inch macs ? Do they want liberty ? We, the republicans, have repeated, upo n th e f a ith o f our moll suspected traditions_ " Vox populi vox Del." The voice of God has named Louis Napoleon. As the expres sion of the popular will he is the meet legitimate of ova re M. Proudhon therefore concludes that there is liberty in elections where only government candi dates are allowed to canvass; that there was no de ception in restoring universal suffrage to establish a despotism; and that people liable to every sort of persecution for opposing the government were not afraid. Most people will be of an opposite opinion on these points, and very few will come to the con clusion that Louis Napoleon has been named by the voice of God. The Monifenr publishes the latest results of the elections for the councils-general without comment.. In speaking yesterday of the numerous abstentious at Rouen, I observed that they could not be accounted for by the official suggestion that the electors were busy in the harvest field. I have now to communi cate intelligence of a similar character from other places equally unaffected by rural avocations. In, Lyons, Nantes, Orleans, Havre, Amiens, Brest, Douai, Angers, Troyes, Perigueux, Beauvais, and Nancy, the elections have in very many instances tailed for want of a sufficient number of votes, and in those cantons where the elections are valid the legal minimum has only barely been obtained. In Lyons, the second city of France, the elections are void in five cantons out of six, and in the sixth the government candidate polled but five more votes than the 1,361 which formed the fourth part of the register. In the six cantons of Nantes no result has been ob tained. A serious opposition was manifested there, and the few votes polled were nearly equally divided between the government candidates and their oppo nents. At Orleans the elections have failed in three cantons out of five. At Havre, out of 8,387 electors, only 1,084 voted ; there is consequently no election. In Amiens, one canton out of three; in Troyes, two cantons out of three have failed to return any member. The elections are wholly void at Beau vais, Angers, and Nancy. At Perigueux, M. Magus, the minister of public works, obtained but 9 more votes than were absolutely necessary, The Parisian press is unanimous in recording these remarkable facts. The Preue observes that the elections are characterised by an indifference without parallel in the history of universal suffrage. In some few cases opposition candidates have been elected. At Bulbs° they obtained 1,100 votes against about 200 given to the government candidates. But so far as is yet known no serious opposition has been attempted in more than three or four places. A proclamation by M. Brian, the prefect of the Charente Inferieure, In favour of the government candidate, Prince Murat, whose election I announced yesterday, has excited universal indignation. Prince Murat was brought EVENING, AUGUST 5. 1852 forward to oppose M. Chasseloup Laubat, who you will remember was the reporter upon the budget of 1853 in the Corps Legialatif. In his report he expressed in moderate language the opinion of the committee that he represented with respect to certain items in the budget. He recommended economy, and expressed an in tention not to imitate the extravagant zeal of certain new converts, but to give the government that independent counsel which, as • representative of the people charged to watch over the public ex penditure, it was his duty to do. For this attempt to rise above the degradel level to which the Corps Legislatif is condemned, M. Chasseloup Laubat, who, but six short months ago, was himself a government candidate, is now denounced by the prefect to the electors of the Charente, in the following terms : The attitude, the acts, and the language of M. Chasseloup Laubat in the Corps Legislatif have not justified the con fidence of the gosernment. These acts, and this language, have unfortunately leant but too much to equivocal supr. sitions, and have served, even although their auth;.r may nut have so intended, as a new and dangerous stimulant to these fatal passions which yet meditate the overthrow of society. This indecent attack by a dependent official upon a memberof the Legislative Body forhaving discharged his duty, is in keeping with a system of government which spares not even those members of the highest judicial tribunal, who dare to act upon their convic tions. The prefect does not take upon himself the responsibility of this monstrous act. He affirms that he has received explicit directions from his govern ment to resist the candidature of M. Chasseloup Lanbat. Since writing the above I have been furnished with the latest electoral intelligence of the day. Ab stentions continuo to be leading characteristic. The elections have failed at Strasbourg in one canton, Toul in two cantons, at Abbeville in one canton, at Auxerre in one canton, and at Caeu in one canton. At Dole out of 2,673 electors only 424 voted. At Bourg but 469 voted out of 2,786. M. Lefebvre Duru&, the ex-minister of public works, has been elected in the Euro. At Marseilles the mayor has been elected in one canton, but in the other two can tons the votes fell short by several hundreds of the legal number. At St. Etienne out of 19,173 regis tered electors there were 15,438 abstentions. At La Sure, Chateau-du-Loir, and La Chartre, in the Sarthe, opposition candidates have been elected. , The Union de la Sarthe ironically says that since the institution of universal suffrage, tho electors have never shown so much eagerness not to use the liberty of exercising their electoral rights. The Blaine, a provincial journal just arrived, mentions an entirely novel instance of official zeal. The mayor of one of the cantons of Mans tendered the oath of fidelity to tho President to every elector who pre sented himself. A priest, who objected to this illegal proceeding, was treated with much rudeness. At Dijon the republican party has resolutely come forward in spite of all difficulties. A government journal of the Cote d'Or expresses the greatest ap• prehension that the whole opposition list will be elected. The authorities have arrested fourteen men for canvassing in favour of republican candidates. General Allard, the new president of the conten tious section of the Council of State, and M. de La rochejaquolin have been elected in the I)eux Sevres. General d'llautpoul has been elected in the Cher. A decree of the President of the Republic, in the Moniteur, convokes the councils of arrondissement to meet on the 12th of the present month, for the first part of their session, which is limited to five days. The Patric publishes the following as the complete and official programme of the fete of August 15, ap proved by the Prince President: In the morning the Prince-President will be present at a Te Deum, executed in the church of the Madeleine. In the Champs Elvers, the grand avenue will be lined with sixty-two fountains, seven feet high, adorned with statues, flowers, and ornament,, fur illuminations at night. At each side gas apparatus will be placed in 156 places, fitted to the present candelabra. and set out with eagles and the cipher N., surmounted with a crown, which at night will be , marked out in jots of gas. The bronze equestrian statue of the emperor, by M. de Newerkerque, is to be placed at the Rond-Point, on the spot where the asin stands. Two theatres and two mats-de-cocagne are to be erected in the grand cure. At night all the fountains will be illuminated. A colossal eagle is to be placed on the top of the MC de•Triomphe. In the day it will look Lk/ bronze; at night it will be marked out by hues of light. The monument itself will be lit up with electric light. In the Place de la Concorde, the Obelisk, the fountains, the figures of the cities of France, and the rostrum columns, will be dressed out with flowers and evergreens. At night they will all be illuminated. Luminous arcades are to surround the place The hotel of the minister of marine, the Garde Meuble, the Rue Royale, and the Madeleine, are to be illuminated at night. At two o'clock a regatta is to be held on the piece of water between the Pont Itoyal and the Pont de la Concorde. A mock fight will take place in the course of the afternoon, between the Pont L'Lena and the Pont des Invalides, the school-frigate, steamers, and boats, with armed men taking part in it. The combat will last until dusk. Teats and tribunes will be erected for the spectators. At night the various craft will be illuminated. The Tuile ries gardens will be illuminated with electric light. Banners will adorn the neighbourhood of the grand basin. The jet-d'eau will be luminous and coloured. An orchestra will be placed at the angle of the Terrace des Feulllans. In the Place Vendome, the column will be illuminated spirally to the top by means of gas. At the top cornice four eagles placed at the corners, are to be illuminated and to bear im perial crowns, also illuminated with coloured lights, to re present the various jewels supposed to be set in them. The Plate will be surrounded with shields, on which will he in scribed the names of eight great victories of the empire. From the boulevard to the Place, and thence to the rue de Rivoli,the houses will be illuminated. The rue de ltivoli will be so likewise to the Place de la Concorde. From the Place de la Bastille to the Madeleine, one hundred and fifty of the three hundred candelabras, at each side of the boulevard, used by the municipal audio rities for the ordinary lighting of the city, will have received, in place of their present lamps, an ingenious apparatus in sine and sheet iron, cut out so as to imitate the branches of a palm tree, forming a sheaf of light two metres in diameter, illumina ted each with numerous gas bees, sad having coloured globes at the extremities. In the Seine, between the Pont d'Austerlits and the Pont do la Rejigs. jointing and nautical sports will take place. A theatre will be erected on the Place du Boulevard de PHOpital, where there will be two mats-de-comae and games of various kinds. On the Place Maze there will be a band of music, games, and stalls. In the evening, these localities will be illumina t ed , and fireworks will be let off from one end of the Pont d'Austerlitz. Fireworks will also be let off at the Barriers du Trone. A display of fireworks will also be given in front of the Paler* of the Legislative Body. It will represent the Passage of Mont St. Bernard. A new species of firework will imitate snow. After several pyrotech nical pieces .have been exhibited, a colossal figure of the Emperor en horseback, in the attitude of David's picture, will appear in the: midst of a brilliant light ; after which wiil come the bouquet, or grand closing display. A balloon will take up some newly-invented fireworks, and let them off when high in the air. In the course of the day, bands of music will execute symphonies on the Place de la Bastille ' Plate du Chateau - d'liau, Place Vendome, and in front of the Elyeee. At night, there will be a general illu mination of the public edifices. A ball will be given to the Dames de la Halle in the Marche des Innocenti. The mar ket will, on this occasion, be transformed into an immense ball-room, capable of containing 20,000 spectators. The &attain will be splendidly illuminated, and buffets will be arranged for refreshments. On the afternoon of the 14th, at two o'clock, there will :be a gratuitous representation at the Opera, the Opera Comiquo, and the Theatre Francais; and on the 15th, at the Hippodrome, the Arenas Nationales, and the Cirque in the Champs Etymon. . - - Tho Superior Council of Public Instruction yes terday adopted the regulations for religions instruc tion in the various colleges. It also examined the programmes proposed by the mixed commission. After having its assent to the twelve resolutions which serve as the basis of the convention concluded between the delegates of the departments of War, Morino, Fi nance, and Public In et ruct iono he council adopted, sue ceseively : 1. The scientific programmes for scientific pupils; 2. The literary programmes whichare to regu late the instruction of history, geography, living lan guages, and Latin and French literature. In the preceding sittings, the Minister of Public Instruc tion had presented the draft of the project for re gulating the literary and scientific studies of the Superior Normal School, and the new programmes for the decree of bachelier-es-lettres ; yesterday ho communicated to the council the regulations for the decree of bath:eller-es-sciences, as well as the last ' propositions of the mixed commission containing the temporary measures which are to lead gradually to the complete execution of the decree of April 10, The Courrier du !byre says: We have to mention, on the subject of the f arewe ll v i s i t made by the municipa l' council to Prince Jerome, a circum stance which must be of great importance to our town. After having thanked the municipal council for their visit, Prince Jerome added, " that the union of the three communes was made officially, but it had still to be effected, and that, after having studied the wants of the town, he thought that the enlargement of Havre would necessitate the destruction of the fortifications." At the Bourse the Four•and-a-Ilalf per Cents. rose 40e., and closed at 105.40; the Threes rose 15c., and closed at 70.15. Bank of France shares fell Of. The railway market was unsettled. Orleans fell 10fr. ; Havre, 6.25; Lyons and Avignon, 5; Bordeaux and Testy, 2.50; Strasbourg rose 7.50; Dieppe and Western, 5 each; Lyons, 2.50. SWITZERLAND. BERNE, Aim. 1. In the sitting of the National A s sembly yesterday the message of the National Council concerning the Poeieux petition was presented. The council pro- poses tho rejection of the petition. The Cantonal Assembly of Neufchatel has abolished the right of citizenship in that canton, as a privi lege interfering with the equality of the inhabitants. GERMANY. The Nuremberg Correspondent says that the chan cellor of the Russian cmpire, Count Nesse!rode, dur ing his wjourn at Frankfort, had frequent con ferene'zs with the members of the diplomatic , nrps now staying in the scat of the Germanic council. Count Nesselrocle will visit hichl, during the stay there of the Emperor of Austria and the King of Prussia. A ministerial modification is about to take place in Darmstadt. The Minister of the Interior will be charged with a mission to Vienna, and will be re placed by General von Schaelfer Bernstein, now Minister of War, who will be succeeded by General Bechtold. Said l'acha left Trieste on tho 20th ult. for Con stantinople. TIIE MISSING OVERLAND INDIA MAIL. (BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.) (FROM OVN, OWN CORRESPONDINT.) MARSEILLES, Avousr 4, Dims A.M. Her Majesty's steam packet Caradoc, Lieutenant Commander Derriman, is just arrived without the Indian Mail, which had not been signalised at Alex andria up to the 27th duly. The Bombay and Cal cutta Mails will arrive together. The cause of delay is not known. VOr Court. OSBORNE, WIIIMCDAT. nor Majesty, accompanied by the Duchess of Kent, the Princess Helena, Princess Louisa, the Princess of }Whenlohe, and Princess Adelaide of Hohenlohe, and attended by the Countess of ❑ainsb ;rough and the Hon. Eleanor Stanley, drove out yesterday afternoon in the direction of Newport. Lord Colville was ht attendance on horseback. The Duke of Parma, attended by M. Bimini, arrived from London on a visit to the Queen. The Cambridge Coiversity Commission had a meeting yesterday at the offici a l residence of the First Lord of th e Treasury, iu Downing.street. Present—the Bishop of Chester, the Dean of Ely, Sir John Herschel, Professor Sedgwick, and tho Rev. IV. 11. Bateson (secretary). Sir William C. Ross, R.A., had the honour of taking the last sitting for a miniature sr l'rincess Helena, painted by command of her Majesty, yesterday at Osborn e . The Right Hon. J. W. Henley, M.P., hos left town for 1 1 the continent for n short time. ORKNEY ELECTION. CLOSE Or THE TOLL. XIIIICWALL. Inglis dTROMNESS. Inglis - LZRWICIC. Inglis BUM tWE. ligli. ... 20 Manilas l6 Majority for Duuda% THE STOCKPORT OUTRAGES. CONCLUSION OF THE INVESTIGATION. The examination of the prisoners before the magistrates was concluded on Monday, when the only re maining charges to be examined into were those against William Walker and George Walker, two men who, after absconding to avoid apprehension ' surrendered at nearly the close of the inquiry. W i lli am Walker was proved to have taken part in the work of demolition at Edeeley Chapel, and was committed for trial; and George Walker was discharged. In the course of the proceedings Mr. Charles Gibson, at torney, who appeared to prosecute, complained to the magistrates that he could not get witnesses to attend, as they were intimidated, and dared not come. In Man chester and Salford, and other towns, the police always got tke witnesses togeth. r, and the attorneys had nothing to do with asking witnesses to come. In the whole of this inquiry ho had had to get up the whole of the evidence, at a very large expense which would fall on Mr. Frith. 2001. would not pay at : the reason being that no assistance hail been received from the police. Mr. Sadler, the chief constable, said he had called all the witnesses he could fled. Mr. Gihson said he had not had one tittle of evidence sent to him by a policeman. He had had to send Mr. Faulkner, from Mauchester, and Mr. Alderman Ashton, to get up evidence Ittihad of the police, and he and his friends had been traced from house to house wherever they had gone. It was the duty of the police to bring up the whole of the evidence. It was a startling fact, and which could not be overlooked, that not one iota of the stolen property had been traced; and there had not been a single man taken into custody fur the demolition of the catholic cha pel, excepting through his (Mr. Gibson's) intervention. It was true two men were brought up by the police, but they bad been discharged by the bench. Mr. Sadler pointed out three or four who had been brought up through the efforts of the police, and added, that he himself had apprehended, at very great hazard, a number of parties, on information received by him, without any warrant having been asked for. Mr. Gibson said he had written to the Secretary of State, and had told him it was morally impossible, without thither assistance at his command, to discharge the duties that were devolving upon him. Excepting two, all the prisoners who had been committed had been brought to justice at the sole expense of Mr. Frith, who was a ruined man, having lost all his property, but who, through the assistance of friends, had obtained sufficient money to enable him to prosecute this inquiry. Mr. Gibson handed to the magis trates the following letter, in connexion with the subject : "Whitehall, 31st July, 1.862. "Sir,—l am directed by Mr. Secretary Walpole to ac knowledge the receipt of your letter of the 26th inst., rela tive to the prosecution of persons who have been committed for trial on charges connected with the late riots at Stock port, and I am to inform you that there are several reasons which would render it uuadviaable that the government should undertake the prosecution of the offenders in the present instance, but they are extremely anxious that the law should be vindicated and the offenders brought to jus tice. As Mr. Frith and Mr. Foster have already entered into the usual recognisances, Mr. Walpole thinks that the prosecution cannot be left in better hands, and the govern ment will render them its beat assistance. For that pur pose I am directed to inform you that, as the ease is a very peculiar one, the government will take upon itself any rea sonable expenses properly incurred by Mr. Frith and Mr. Foster over and above the costs of prosecution allowed by the county. I am, sir, your obedient servant, " CHARLES ERSKINE, " For Under-Secretary of State. "To Charles Gibson, Esq., 69, Princes-street, Manchester.' In the course of the conversation Mr. Gibson said be had not a word to say against the conduct of th e mayor or ma gistrate. of Stockport; nor did any of his remarks apply to Mr. Sadler, the chief constable. Twenty prisoners have been committed for trial at the Chester assizes ' including an equal proportion of English and Irish. The following is a list: Roger M'l)ermott, Michael M'llermott, Samuel Williamson, Joseph Birch, Thomas Garvey, Thomas Murphy, Thomas Feeny, Patrick O'Hara, Patrick Naughten, James Finn alias Flinn, and James Walsh, for rioting. The two latter, who were among those admitted to bail nightly, failed to appear on the morning of the 24th ult., when they were committed, and are still at large. George PeU and William Butterey, for the offence at St. Michael's Catholic Chapel ; Mark Gleave. Samuel Preston, Thomas Walker, Johu Walker, John Slater, and Th o mas Ed war d s , for rio t destruction of property at the Edgeley Chapel and the residence of Mr. Frith; and Matthew Mulligan, the man who was com mitted on the coroner's warrant for the wilful murder of Michael Moran. The ComMl4ion for the Chester Assizes will be opened nest Saturday, and business will commence on Monday. The Judge on the circuit is Mr. Justice Talfourd. Tna TEMPERANCE LEAGUE.—In addition to the usual attractions, the Surrey Zoological Gardens pre sen t e d yesterday that of a grand bazaar in connexion with the Temperance League, which thus inaugurated its annual fetes. The extensive grounds were crowded during the day principally by the working classes, whose respectable and orderly demeanour, and healthy an d h appy f aces, might well have justified them in addressing to the drunkard the scriptural exhortation, " See how their brethren fare, and take their pledge." The bazaar was a very large one, and the fair stallkeepers seemed to be doing • brisk business. A minting press, which struck off an ode, or poem, or hymn appropriate to the occasion, was one of the chief `, lions " of the day, but it yielded pro bably to the yet superior attractions of • galvanic appara tus, round which there never lacked • large and wondering crowd. Tho fine zoological collection found plenty of ad mirers, and the latest acquisition—namely, an enormous tortoise, about 200 years of age—attracted a very fair share of attention. During the afternoon the company amused themselves with various rural games, and with listening to the bands of music, whose exertions were unremitted. In the evening there was • regular concert, and the day's amusements terminated with a grand display of fire works. THE ISTHMUS OF AMERICA: Tens Firma Proper, on the great Western Conti nent, was one of the earliest discoveiks of the great Colum bus, and is now known to form a large part of that isthmus which connects, by a continued link of land, North and South America. It extends in • N.W. direction frum the lat. of 8 deg. N. in tho meridian of 76 dog. W. long., to the het. of 16 deg. 30 min., and 18 deg. 30 rain. N., is, the me ridian of 95 deg. W. long. —a distarmi of upwards of 1,3e0 geographical miles. The narrowest parts are, find, between Chagrea and the Bay of I'etema-33 miles in a direct line; second, through the province of Chiriqui in Veragea, to miles, in the weridian of 82 deg. W. long. ; thirdly, from Len Alvarado, in the Atlantic, to the Bay of Tehuantepec, in the Pacific—a distance of 92 geographical miles; and, fourthly, from the mouth of the river St. Juan, on the At lantic, in lat. 10 deg. 40 min. N., to Niel:lye, on the P ac ifi c —in a direct line 120 geographical miles, hut from Mateo ' only 95 miles; and, fifthly, from the Gulf of Bole, , at the bottom of the Bay of Ilonduras to Trinidad, in the Pacific -70 geographical miles. Ever sauce the discovery of this isthmus, and it became known that it war bounded on its southern shores by the Great Pacific Ocean, the attention of Europe. hos been directed towards it; but while the whole of t h e rest tout of America to the 42 deg. of N. latitude remained under the dominion of Spain, and was sealed by her Irene the commerce of foreign nations, little opportuuity ear had of tecertaining the capabilities of this istlineu-, red the means afforded by it of communicating with the 1%6k: Ueecan from the shores of the Atlantic. But educe the authority of Spain was overthrown in that quarter of the world, fluid the power and dominion or the Unite., State, has been extended to the ahem of the Pacific, the iner,as,4 communication with the islands in the South Sea, aril the great rise and cot, nding trade of' the British eqluni,. of Australia, Van Diemen'', Lead, and New &Melee the 1 attention of the world has been steadily and strenely ' directed to find the easiest and most practicable mute which this isthmus can be crossed, to order to afford more rapid and safe communication with all tile shores of the needle and the islands in the South Sea than by the long and a angerous navigation round Cape Horn. Every practicable point has b een examined, and the desirable els. ject can no longer remain uncertain or doubtful, cud is, ii may now be confidently stated, about to be attained. There are eight points where the communication from the Atlantic to thu Pacific is more or leas prat unable, and more or less difficult. First, by a junction of the head waters of the river St. Juan, which fall into the Pacific in 4 deg. N. lat., with the head waters of the Atrato, which, after a course of 210 miles almost due north. falls into the Atlantic in the Gulf of Berke. Thiejuneti tttt is teeiest through the valley of Itapedura, in which valley canny can PALS in water, during the mire, from river to riser. But this valley is of high elevation, and both fir, re very rapid, the distance front sea to sea 3.50 mile., and through very unhealthy spots. The Spanish gm, . ro. meet, about 70 years ago, had d ec id e d to try a routine ' nication at this place, but the breaking out of the American war and the French rcvulutiouary war, diverted their at tention from the project. Secondly, a line tram the mouth of the River Topics or Cupiea, on the Pacific, in l it. 7 deg, 30 min. N. to the Atrato, by the River Naiin, a deep stream, and the distance from the Atrato to the sea, only about 611 miles. The eumrni, level, however, of the valley near to the head waters of the streams mentioned. at ' about 25 miles from the l'acific, is at least 400 (let, and ' the line subjected to the dangerous navigation of the Atrato. Thirdly, the line from the mouth of the Atrato to the Gulf of San Miguel, a distance of 65 geographieal mike. The head waters of the streams, which hero rue in opposite directions to the points adverted to. approach near each other, but the lowest summit level of the Loot between them is at least 500 feet above the mem. The mouth of the Atrato, b 'sides being &onerous from moving saud banks, is very evrompy reel most unhealthy. Thus Scott well describes, liy DArken's ands arid deadly de.; • - • sod the shores of the Gulf of Sin Miguel is not much, if anything, better. Fourthly, there is the line from Port de Escrows, or New Edinburgh, • good port on the Atlantis) side, to the head waters of the very crooked and rapid river elatiqumaqua, which runs into the Gulf of Sun Miguel, :red whose sources are only about 10 miles west from New Satin. burgh. The Gulf of San Miguel runs about 22 miles into the couutry, and is of a good depth of water, but the sum mit level of the dividing range to the west of New Edin burgh is at least 500 feet (some accounts nay 800 fret) above the level of the sea, which, as in the previous lines, must render a ship canal very difficult, if nut impracticable, by any of these routes. Fifthly, we have the line from Chagre to Panama, or rather from Navy Bay, near it, the shortest of the whole, and by which a railroad (estimated to cost 2,500,0001.) is now in course of construction. The summit level of this line is about 300 feet above the sea, reduced by much tun nelling about 90 feet. Chagre and Navy Bay have the most deadly climates, and Panama is by no means healthy, while large vessels can only find anchorage at three miles out from the town. Vast expense must, therefore, he necessary to construct a pier there, and a breakwater in Navy Bay to shelter vessels from the north-cut winds, to which it is quite exposed, especially in the winter months. Sixthly, and passing to the Tehuantepec line, the harbours on both sides, especially on the Atlantic side, are bad, and unapproachable on the Atlantic during the winter months' northers. The line has to pass a large river to the east of the southern end of the Siora Madre chain, which river has worn itself a bed about 500 feet deep, through earth of a volcanic' mould. The elevation also is here great, and consequently a road is now only talked of, but will be difficult : a ship canal may lie considered impracticable. Seveathly, we have the Juan de Nicaragua line, to which the public attention is now strongly directed, from the mouth of the San Juan, ou the Atlantic, is by the river 101 miles, and in •direct line nearly 70 geograph 4 cal miles to Lake Nicaragua. The river is as large as the Guadalquiver, in Spain, and all around its mouth the country is very unhealthy. Lake Nicaragua, a fine body of water, is 129 feet above the level of the Pacific, end in its deepest parts GO fathoms, shallowing to 12 and 5 fathoms in its north-went extremity. From a point to the south of the town of Nicaragua to the Pacific is about 15 miles, and the summit level of the valley, run ning between active volcanic mountains, is about 21) feet. There is still a narrower point to the south of the town of Granada, where the distance to the sea is only 12 miles, but by a line more difficult. Lake Nicaragua is about 120 miles long and 50 broad; and Lake Managua, or Leon, is 18 miles north-west of it. This lake is about 60 miles long and 35 broad, and ranges from 2 to G, 12, and 40 fathoms deep. Tho plain of Leon is about 28 feet above it, the elevation above the sea about 200 feet, end the distance to the Pacific only about six miles, with a low ridge rising about GO feet above the plain between them. Three Funs are spoken of for a c ana l in this quarter. First, by deep ening the river, or running a canal near th e r i ver S an J uan and then from Lake Nicaragua to San Juan de Sur, on the Pacific. But the anchorage these is not good, and is sub ject, like the rest of the Gulph of Papagayo, to sudden gusts and storms of wind from the adjacent mountains ; second, through the plain of Leon to the fine port of the Rialejo. lat. 12 deg. 29 min. N , and bog. 87 deg. G min. W. ; and, thirdly, by the same line to the splendid and sheltered Gulf of Fonseca, lat. 12 deg. 40 min , 10-g. 88 deg. 30 min. W. In the latter case th e distance from the mouth of San Jun will be nearly 300 miles, and to Rialejo 235 miles. All this country is filled with active volcanoes; 11 such can be seen from Leon, and one very formidable one broke out about 18 months ago in the plain of Leon, at a short dis tance from Lake Managua. Mr. Squier estimates the cost of constructing a canal on these routes, ace soling to the distance on the land, at from 6,000,0001. to 20,000,000 L sterling. It is certain the cost must be very great. It is evident that a ship canal can only be constructed at a vast expense, if at all practicable in this quarter. The cost would be many millions. We must, thcrefuic, next turn to the proposed Chiriqui line, and the cheap mode of communication there, at present contemplated. At this point the distance from sea to sea is only 40 geographical miles, and the summit level of the line of valley for the road is only 160 feet, and that for a short distance ouly, which may be reduced by some cutting to below 140 fret above the level of the sea, the lowest summit level that can be obtained in any part of the isthmus. There also the whole lino of country is fertile, fruitful, and healthy, without an y vo l canoes to en danger or an. noy, On either side are splendid and most extensive bays, completely protected against all wind., with deep water, and excellent anchorages close to healthy shores. The expense of construction of the whole commu nication is very low, and the mode of conveyance is such that, as in the United States, hones with carriages, passen ger, and luggage, Itc., can easily travel at the rate of eight or nine miles per hour. Hence cheapness of conveyance, with sufficient facility, becomes quite apparent. On a fact so obvious and plain it is unnecessary to dilate or to extend remark. In a traffic to all parts of the countries within the circle, at present exceeding 40,000,0001., it is obvious that the revenue to be obtained on this route from passengers, specie, and light but costly merchandise most be very great. PORTSMOUTH SAILORS' HOME.—Tho first annual meeting of the subscribers and friends of this institution was held yesterday afternoon, Lord George Lennox in the chair, at the institution, in Queen-street, Porues, A report of a most gratifying character was read, by which it Ap peared that the institution had succeeded beyond the most sanguine hopes of its founders. The large accommodation provided at the house for sailors of the royal navy had been taken full advantage of, and, indeed, the demand for lodg ing and board at it had been found so much larger thsa could be afforded that a considerable extension of the pre miscs had been found necessary. Large subscriptions Using been made by her Majesty, Prince Albert, the nobility art public generally, these extensions had been resolved on, and are now in active progress, and will give about double the amount of accommodation at present possessed. The Pint Lord of the Admiralty, the l'ort Admiral, the Commindery in -Chief, the Colonel Commandant of Marino, and other officials, were elected ex officio members of the committee of management; and other business having been transacted, the meeting broke up. THE, NUMBER OF VESSELS WHICH PASSED TUB Rousso in the first six months of the present year amounted to 6,636, being 993 less than in the corresponding period of 1861. THE COLLISION OFF WAPPlNG.—Yesterday a re• spcctable jury was empanelled before Mr. William 'taker, jun., deputy coroner, in the board-room of St. th ow . * Workhouse, Old Gravel-lane, to inquire into the eirnumt stances rispecting the death of Patrick Sullivan, aged tn, • ballsat-heaver, who on Wednesday last was drowlik off Wapping, while in a boat with four other men, wlaele , attl• in consequence of a collision with the Father Thum s, gate steamer, the property of the Herne Bay Ste.tni tom party. The particulars of the accident have aircioly peered in the Empress, and the jury, after a cire: . L . ,i in vestigation, returned a verdict of " Accidental death. TAE at Cow two de of the jOlarlei .entry oci fir which examir jury . 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