The Express. — London, England, 1851-02-15 00:00:00

LITERATURE. or district exposed to drought, just as the young ;foto Yea, and, calling on all behind me to follow, plunged crop most needed moisture, was a most common into the cam p. practice, and one Which sometimes destroyed the The attacking party always has such an advantage, that ' I am quite sure that if our men had followed up, few as revenues of half the cultivated fields of Bunnoo. . they were, they might have either seized or killed Shalizad ; Such was the political and social state when . but it shames me to relate, that out of seventy or eighty, Runjeet Sing, to whom, by the Tripartite treaty, , nut fifteen charged, and scarcely a dozen reached the middle Shale Shooja-001-Muolk had ceded the pr ,„„,,,,,, w hka lof the camp. 1 'he dozen was COMpOSea of Muhommud A ° (1 think I gee him with his blue and old shawl he could not goveru, first demanded the long with held tribute. His request WIN replied to by urban all knocked about now his ears), Kelm, Khan, a g nd Lums the ' dens, Dander of Guides, each backed by a few faithful erection of four hundred forts. Every village erected' henchmen. The neeh'e, therefore, was much thicker in our its walls and fortifications, until fort and village ' neighbourhood than was at all pleasant, and however we got came to mean the same thing. Again and again did oat of it is unaccountable, but e we did after cutting our cw way Sikh sud.ars lead armies into the province, deems- atriomu on e t e e n nd iel:lle t o e f ?Pe e t tall il f ruffian , i Na ' wle c : a l p ee as told afh Somewh e re the fields, seising what they could, and I wards wax Shnhvad's brother, walked deliberately at Inc hastily retiring ; but the Kholsas never ventured to with his jusail, and sticking it into my stomach, so that the occupy the country, which they nevertheless in- I muzzle almost pushed me out of my saddle, fired! uz The sisted ou rtgartling as an integral part of their 1 "" 'ft:Tit" flashed c o d e eine t h e t le re 17:11 a b d it axi he might drew as backwell t h h a e v j e hit '6l a empire. • cannon-ball ; the sword turned in my hand, and the Namur, Ntlien in February, 1816, Lord Geugh had en- I without even rosettling his turbanScommenced re-priming camped his army under the walls of Lahore, a region-, his juzail, an operation which 1 did not stay to see cum ' atruction of the Sikh government took place, and a' pletvd. • • • On getting out to the freih sir again, I British resident was appointed to exercise control looked .. round, and found mys . elf with tw , o on men a , one of o wpriat over the Durban, strengthen the throne of the . ten wass . before . ihw aY Th u r'llir w a h ve mn Ditora ha n d eeir and " f!ikhs wec k mig ht be child Dhuleep Sing, and maintain British influence seen cutting and currettiug round the circumference of the in the Punjab. One of the first propositions made ' camp, handsomely followed up by the enemy, and I was by the 'Surber to Colonel Lawrence, the political sjust thinking what course to pursue, when my eye fell on officer entrusted with that duty, was to organise a , the ;Stowe herd of camels tied down in a ring. ' Now ',:: ; s new "raid" into Bunnoo.to collect three years' arrears I m away we both dashed at the camel;, whose long neckl to the highwayman, " the victory is ours, after all of tribute. But the British resident was the last and were already bobbing about with fright, like geese looking man to consent to such a scheme. The bounds of the out of a market-basket. I'p they all jumped, and tore Sikh kite,alom, he said, should be maintained as he , themselves free from their fastenings; and I put a lot of found them ; if the tribes of Bunnoo refused to pay theibefi „ ire ,t ti r i oo e, and drove ien th d eg e o t tt h . i: e s f i e f iite l had tie my life tribute, an army Wrightadvance ight to enforce obedience , '+ n n soul in a to m the buart i zeZe m Ind giving them a profes g isional poke 'but a British officer must accompany it to see that . . it , with the spear , which set them stepping out gloriously. The resorted to arms only in extremity, and commit t e d ' Nareurs who were in charge yelled like demons, and one of Ma excesses. The * Durbar consented, au army (S, them "took up a rock," us Homer would have said (a Infantry regiments. 2 regiments of cavalry, 2 troops greatsuc "' I le :M i ll - 1 ' R a ; ithlisit°m%ltToTv, t Lil i, h n u e, rle a d n i d t w at o :r i bl ith e a artillery) from the Sikh arm was sent, Lieutenant not g reed me if that excellent villain the hMhwayman had I Edwardes being associated with the Sinlar in core - I not put his hand under my shoulder and toesed me back mend. The author entered Bunnoo with the Sikh ' again into the saddle. The heroes outside now joined us, force on the 15th of March, and was burnt out of it , and very glad I was to see them, for the whole swarm of on the Ist of May. No military operations had been a•ls7. f1 —. ..1.7,7n - g adlrw ientlnt i ,Pu.,Th'itopmf ! n i t e t ir o can ire h aMe r r i ln a e , intended or were attempted. Lieutenant FAlwardes firming Sre lin!, in the rear behind us and keeping oft' the was to endeavour to show to the natives how much , :Smears with their muskets till we had pushed the spoil they had to gain by accepting Sikh supremacy under I quite nut of reach, when they galloped up awl fiat the British guarantee of their liberties : he fulled, as ;homes in the midst of the plain. might have been expected. Nevertheless his miasion Ii Major Fdwardes's second volume is occupied with was not fruitless, as the sequel proved. Under the con- , the account of the war in the province of 3looltan, trot of a British °fifteen Slick army had passed harm-, its canot.„, incidents, operations, and issue. These lessly through a country which it had never before ' chat ters ters nre all admirably written ; the fi rst, de enteied hut to devastate. The fame of British dis- 1 1 the tragic deaths of Agnew and Anderson, eipline and moderation spread through the country, and i the n slow steps by which the dark Moolraj and the population, accustomed to desert all and ii y I ahnoest unconsciously advanced to rebellion. The to the hills on the upproach of the Sikhs, n o Wiaccount of the operations carried on by the author awaited the approueli of the army, and kept up• an j before Mooltan. with an irregular force, raised how inteecourse with the camp. The 'bloodthirsty tribes ' and where their leader could get them, attached to of Bunnoo and the army of their Sikh masters had I him by merely personal bonds, and maintained on for the first time met in something resembling friend- 1 his credit, displays an example which should be ship, and parted again without adding to the long ! tm ,,,,„4 i v . all who serve their counter in the cast. account of mutual injury and hatred. The small I . With the policy of the war we have nothing here to end of the wedge of civilised intercourse had at •do ; only if work is to be done and paid for, let it be length been intutecsl. I dune well. With an army in the very heart of A second, and no less important, object was also, which he was daily discovering conspiracies, which gained: the difficulties which had invariably at- ,he was compelleeto overlook, and which might tended former Sikh visits to Bump.° had hindered at any moment go over to the enemy, he yet managed the invaders from diarovering the proper entrance to to fight and win three battles ' and shut up the the country. Dependent on their enemies for guid- Dewar Nloolraj in his fortress. At one time he dis ince, their armies had been led year after year covered that his troops had sold hint for 12.000 rupees, through quick-sands, where their artillery was use- at another they had resolved to make a Sikh of him. less, and across rivers which they ought to have lln spite of all those difficulties lie kept a warlike avoidelL After a fruitless expedition, perhaps after I Mahomedan population on the side of the Hindoo a defeat before some paltry fort, they fled pncipi- resentment, and by the battle of Suddoosam coin- I lately by the way they came, knowing no other. pelted the rebel Dewan to forego all field operations. But so returning from Ilunnoo,in 1817, Edwardes dis-, It was Ut this time Edwardes s wish, conveyed in a covered, no less to the chagrin of the Sikh Sirdars ' letter to the president at Lahore. to obviate altogether than of the Biumooehees, the fine, natural high road, the necessity of bringing a regular British army into the real entrance and exit to the valley so long the province of Mooltan. He was anxious to cum and successfully concealed. On leaving the Bunnoo, menee the siege at once with his irregulars, aided Edwardes offered to guarantee that no army should by Major Napier, with a few heavy guns. In that again enter the valley, no Sikh show his face within ease he believes Moolmj would have been prevented the boundaries, if the nation would lay, of its own free from rallying his force and strengthening hiswork ; ' will, an annual tribute of forty thousand rupees. It and General Whish's army might have earlier' was rejected. assisted to terminate the war waged against the In lhrember, BUG, F.dwardes, faithful to his main Sikh army by Lord Gough. word, returned le bib a Sikh antic by the high road, The irregular troops raised by the author in this into the mitre of Bannon, and proclaimed an inten- war were of far inure service than the Sikh regi lion which no one appears for a long while to mends placed at his disposal by the Durbar. The have believed, an intention to remain in the manner of raising and handling these is described in country and govern it. A few tribes:of this dis- the following passage : united people at first submitted, and experienced the INDIAN IRREGULARS. I arm Was raised b personal innce • much moderation of British claims and the security of ! • intt ' u t en T ei h . e ns y co it bemes eve ry political of flue car to have in the British protection. By patience and a display of country ender his charg e—such y Lsuch as lam proud to think firmness and energy, Edwanles made so strong at every other assistant to the Resident at Lahore had acquired impression, that his proclamations were sufficient to in his own district. See how the Rusurula tribes took briug about in time the subjection of the whole val. James Abbott for their Khan. See how the Eusofryes • loved Lmrneden. See how the men of Rawful in toll- l ' ley, without firing a shot or striking a blow. Aga in lowed Nicholson . When the Muoltun rebellion P lin d t broke and again attempts were made by the native mail- out 1 had been, off and on, about a year among the Trans licks to form a confederacy and maintain the old Indus people. I had genie to them at the head of great anarchy ; but all seemed to feel that their masters armies, on great errands, and met with great success. A had at length arrived. A crown fortress was built master who had confideuee in me, entrusted me with almost in the very centre of the valley, and on the day of its deitic . r i h t* : , .ftri d ges i f e o x r ce evil; andltrust f the jitopl • except f or good . I ousel five completion the demolition of ale four hundred forts •• never iiiferent countrica oppressed by ouc tyruut, and nmoved of the natives was decreed, and shortly effected. A him. 1 found three chick in exile, and restored them. doomsday-book was compiled, the camels numbered, '''hose countries and those chiefs rallied round me in my and the taxation of the country settled. Simple and hour of need, and were niy army. oqual laws were promulgated, authority began to be be l f ' , l: r e a n u s t w u ss . ;: y ne st o ly th u e i r te so w u h r i c o c r o eu r . influence t u k .hi w c i h ti l i th a o l td w n t o o t felt, watercourses were respected, harvests again profit. It was fixedness of purpose—a determination to =Bed, and the Bunnoochees were made the hap- make many barbarian wills give way to one that was civi picst and most peaceful subjects of the crown. Used. In British India, the mind of government is regis- From the Valley of Bunnoo,Edwardes proceeded to tend in laws and regulations for the people's good. The visit the outlying province's, in order to introduce, if i tini i ;, l, s e t k ru w th th w e h u i: I l i t l l l a „ o h h' e sy m th agi m sterill f chair y may dno r t e'clu th e e e possible, a more regular government than had the offenc o e to a certain page of a certain thick Ik, and hitherto existed there. A single extract will give a clause 4, section 5, chapter G, gives the sentence, without notion of the kind of service for which an officer any painful effort of either judgment or resolution. 'mist be prepared who undertakes a post in the AU contingencies are provided for he the code of like liabbage s calculating machine, yo r iTate . Punjab provinces. 'Me object of the expedition lions , and, . . limning to slo but to throw in the question, turn the handle, descrilad in the next passage was au old chief who and out comes tie result. Far different is the condition of opt the law at defiance, by refusing to pay a capita- the half-subdued frontier of an ill-governed native state. tion tax on his camels, an example which, in a bar- There laws exist not, and he who rules must rule the people barons country, would be likely to find many ituita- by lir will. If his will be evil, the people will be fur more tors if unnotiall. nuserable than it is possible for any . people to be in the cor ner of Britiali India which is admilintered with least ability; MOSS-TROOPING exacta SOLOMON'S THRONE• but if his will be good, as well as strong, " happy are the Getting up at midnight, I rent one by one for the people who are in such a ease ;" for a benevolent despotism DarultzyuSirdare Vakeel, the Ittnealelar of the Sikh cavalry, is the hest of all governments. In may little sphere, 1 gave the adjutant of the Soomj alookbee iletuclinzent, and the my whole soul to the establishment of that lust and price- Jammailar of the Zumbooralua I ordered them to get less blessing —peace ; and can truly say that no nuts assisted ready, with despatch and silence, two hundred Dooranec and me without beiug rewarded, and no man opposed me with sixty Sikh regular horsemen to accompany me, and two out being punished. This was well known ; and when hundred and fifty infantry with thirty rounds of ammuni- I held up my hand for soldiers,the soldiers came ; andwhen nun each, and twelve Zumboomhs to follow as a reserve. I turned my back upon the province during an imperial When all these were ready, I summoned Colonel Futteh war, paace still reigned undisturbed behind me. Sing, off the lunch regiment, and made the runp over to 2nd. The army I thus raised was fed and paid out of him in my absence, then. joined by Kaloo Khan, and about the revenues of the country which it conquered. I com bos of his own follower , from the city, we set forth. Sirelar menceil the war with a few thousand rupees in hand, and Mahommed Alice and i in the centre; the Sikh Rusealdiar muintaiued it for nine months, at an expenditure, civil and on the right (left in front, so as to be ready to wheel up in military, of two lakhs of rupees a month, without receving a moment) and the Deorames on the left, in such order as more titan one lakh from the Sikh, and another from the they were mod to. Showers hail been falling all uight, and British government. Commissariat I had at first none; but the Loonee was so swollen, and rushing at such a rate, that the war wan in a fat country, and to find corn we had only the guides remonstrated agaiust cursing. • • • We to find money. In the extensive financial arragements pushed on through a very ugly night, and enme in sight of which such wants and expenditure required, I was assisted the watch fires of the Naesur camps about daybreak. The more than I can sufficiently express , by Getimal Cortlandt, guides pointed out Shazarde far away in the rear of all, one of the best coadjutors ever man had. lie kept the civil, ander the outer ridges, which lie like pebble stones under and I the military accounts ; and the way I did them was the mountain called Solomon's Throne ; and I called a halt tide :—The last thing at night—generally when I was in under shelter of a ravine to look at it, breathe the horses, bed—l hail in the black Chancellor of the Exchequer, and and let the stragglers close up. °rest was then my surprise made him read nut the disbursements for the day in Per to' discover by the morning light that the gallant band of aim; I signed them, and wrote down the sum total, in three hundred men had dwindled down to about seventy or English, at the bottom of the page. At the end of the war, eighty. The heroes lied taken advantage of the darkness all these amounts were amended, and, the totals being forth el the night to loose their way, and a hundred of the Doe- coming, there could he little or no roguery. The soldiers, camas hail tamed back from the middle of the Loonee being poor, were paid regularly eery fortnight throughout river, declaring that the Sahib ass not going on. I told the war. the laikh Resialdar to muster Ida men ;be reported twenty 3rd. As to discipline. There was no time to attempt ;invent out of about sixty. Of the two hundred Dooranees what regular soldiers call discipline. The men had to fight there may have been forty. and Khaloo Khan had five men, the day after they were enlisted ; and they could only fight and I had twelve or fourteen others. their own way. All I did was to make the best of their This was quite inadequate to perform the task for which way ;to draw tight such discipline as they had. First of all ire had ernne—via., to seize Shaluad Khan in she midst of I encouraged the enlistment of brotherhoods ; fifty or a hnn bis people and carry him off prisoner. The stout rebel, dent clansmen, with their own chief at their head. There who had fought with DOA Mahommed, the Nawab of was a subdivision, and a company at once. Then I asked Den, and Dewain Lukkee Mull, was not very likely to be a dozen brotherhoods which of my chief officers they would overpowered by eighty meet ; vet I felt that it would he follow ? They picked their own, according to their border more honourable and more wise. if I hoped for influence in feuds and friendships ; and thus I got together bodies of this wild country, to be defrosted in a bold attempt than not five hundred, one thousand, and two thousand, each with wt make it, after gong twelve mills to do so ; so, getting its responsible leader, who took he orden straight from me. the men together, with • heart not over light, I led them and saw them carried out. The tribes of the country I had em a gentle net towards the rebel camp. The grey dawn ander my charge were divided into two great parties—the was just removing the veil which had hitherto concealed us, partisans of Futtch Khan, Towanniah, and the pasuses of the watch pee of the mrsuotaineers were dying out, and we Dewlut Buie; andit wasinapinSible to conceive hatred more /part n mry of the British Enmity; a History of the hrowtom sod She People, from IWO to By lime um. I I MANTIS Rat. not I. Charles Knight. If the last fifty years have nut been the moat im portant in the world's history, as stated by Miss :%lartineau in the prospectua to her work, it is certain that a more eventful period. as far as Europe is con e, r ued, could scarcely be found in the annals of all times. Looking hail: from ISA to 1800—with all the requin mom , and short-comings of to-day staring IA" in the laet- - n ith dissatistit,l farmers thundering at the gates of porliament. and manufacturers more- OS r, not quito mire that they are contented—with something ma entirely satisfactory in the condition of the- Ixs,n, while retrenchment is the order of the day. even w ith the most opulent—with the com.cioia.- neiY , crown here that "something must he done" to toulde the great mass of the people lamely to esist—thc pv.gose which has been made during the last tiny years, in knowledge of every kind that can emulate to the welfare of the htiman race, scents the more cast and incredible. llow our grand fathers managed without railways—how they main -1 taints' thentterivt, in sufficient spirits to himt the Frisch, with broad at 2a. a loaf—how they submitted to bait• their nada. massacred, and their malefactors strung up by dorens--how the y tolerated rotten boosaghs, an insolent aristocracy, and a mischievous king—how t hey endured reckless warfare,ruinoun tax a, ion, and Mr. I'itt— seems marvellous to the present generation, accustomed an they art to whirl from one end of the kingdom to ano ther with the facility of the prince in the .• Arabian Nights"—to pay but a fair pnee for their laces—to see some show of respect for the expression of popular opinion, and some hu manity in the laws mid their administration—to some degree of fairness in representation—to an op al. class not altogether ignoring the exist, me of the musses: and, to a sovereign wh0... , name is always mentioned with respect, and often with veneration. Miss, Martineau'', theme u comprehensiveone,and.asfar W. the work has gone, it promeas to be a valuable addition to that lady's contriltutionn towards the history of our own days. It is ratherunfortunate,hunever,diat the book should make its am:trams. just at the present time, when the exploit. of the authoress in a very different branch of inquiry are calculated to inspire the admirer, of her political syst, in with something like distrust. Apart from this eonsideration, the hook Inn. claim', v. that popularity which it will doubtless obtain. The Beane 1, MI Erie Porn, By (imams 241.11mcay. Sirapian )I.4r.itall, and C.o. One hundred and thirty-eight closely printed pages of blank verse, written by a scholar, and a man of taste, must int.% ituldy etaitain some points well put. and a few passages verging upon thu poetic. Timm few, and these few onlv, dues this book contain. We close the "Ilelleniad" with a feeling of regret that the author has mistaken his vocation —that his enthusiasm has betrayed him. A man may have a deep poetic sympathy without being a 'met—witness the salami. of blank verse in which Mr. M'llcnry LIN described a passage in Grecian history. Mr. M•llcury's ent husiasm is as evident as his lurk cf the her germ :--he pants to leave the earth and the ‘ulzar doings of men; but, alas! the wings ore Mooting. A rear on Me Punjab Frontier. By Major EDWAUDYS. 'Bentley, 'fhe name of Herbert lidwardes in inseparably connected with the toruluct of a most important branch of the upemtionv of the Naomi Sikh war. In thew %Owns% he collects the nu Tative of one year's service nee eventful as to include the conquest of an /afghan valley and two independent tribes, two at tempts at arm esivation in his tent, three pitched Loth*. two eieg, is, and skirmishes without number. The brilliant fent, which now and then announce the rise of u man of likelihood are not always the Dust merinwious,nor even the ablest, of which the new corner can leak. The clangour of a valiant sword on the enemy's shield will compel attention which has been lung averted from greater daring, displayed in Civilising ;wield burbunsm, or founding a new wieiety. Thus has it been with Major Edwardes. If he is conscious of having accomplished anything worthy of nmembering, it is not so much his opera tions felon , Wuhan us the bloodless conquest of the priwince of Bennie, and .the reelamation of its inlnthitants fruin a pet petual intestine strife to peace ful and prosperous obedience to the British crown. The valley of Burman lieu on the east of Atlghanis tun, enrrimitiled on three side-, by mountain range*, within a days march horn the west bunk it the Indus, and wpm-at:4 from tlw Sikh Dejerat, on the south, by the Buttunee hills. Profusely watered by the mountain streams which Now down from the Salt Range, its crop'. never fail. and the rudest agricul ture is overpaid by corn, sugar, turmeric, and every Indian grain in uhundanee. Tu embelieh the land waive. a graceful variety of the iihieshum tree, to be found nowhere hut here, drops its boughs like , mho willow, while along etrtunui and round the vil lages the thick miltwery, festnoned by the wild vine, throws a fragrant shad,'. The revenue, which a strung government might derive with ordinary care front such a province are immense, and, together with its velemii situation, soon rendered it an object of cupidity to the growing Khaba power on the oppwite bunk of the Indus. Bonn after 1808 such was the internal weakness of the Cubul empire that the atpital could not send a force to collect tribute from a province NO distant as Dunne°, and without a forte no heed was given to reyal tax collision , . Dunne became independent of its own lawful sovereign. About 1822 the far more odious power which had risen up in the Pun jab began its ettempts to include the valley in the Sikh empire. But if the Bunnoochees were unwilling to ply tribute to Cubed. they were quite resolved not to pay it to Lahore, and for a quarter of a century they made good their revolution against invading and devastating armies. The Runtime-hem according to Major Edwardee, must be the most savage people in Asia, excepting, perhaps, the inhabitants of Seinde. 'They have every live of Affghans in luxuriance • their virtues only in the mad etiorteil growths. They are descended front ninny different Affelian tribes, representing the ebb and How of might, riht, pneremion • and spolia tioo in a corner of the Ca bal empire, whale remote nem and fertility offered to outlaws and vagabonds a secure uevlum against both law and labour. The introduction of Indian cultivators from the Punjab, and the settlement of numerous }Endows from the %alley, in the hope of peacefully plundering their ignorant Mahonuilan masters by trade, have contri buted. by intermarriage, slave-dealing, and vice, to complete the mongrel character of the Bunnoo people. Under the partriarehal form of government huh pervades the tribes of Affghanietan, each tribe has its hereditary chief, who administers its affairs. Amongst the Wins, of Sunnier the tribe can not be said to exist ; the population is so mixed and noosed that all genealogy is confounded. The head of each of the twenty " tuppehe into which the Butinooehees arc divided has become so by ,much 11141111% as tawny lead to greatness in bar billow nations. A ur muter, used to onnduct the government and receive tithes of every landowner ; front the funds so formed he engaged to defray all public charger', maintain the mud fortithations, keep open the water-courses, pur chase arms and ammunition, feast holy pilgrims, and relieve the wandering minstreL If at the end of the yea he had a surplus left, it was his own •, if there wail any deficiency, he was expected to defray it out out of his on n resources. Such a distribution of power in the absence of any could see the savage Cabot doge of the meicialts sitting up bitter and cliaaly than raged between Otero. Mut I had andfro beside the ashes, before their accursed howl of alarm need of every soldier the frontier could produce ; and could strong controlling force was *ell calculated Wen- sh nt i 7 i s now galloped neither afford to adopt one party myself, nor allow the other courage mutual agession.and each baronial chieftain to the w front, as ng re l;no id power on ass can . ne t t . t d te i t to i tle with M _ . was accordingly occupied with annexation schemes from being first in the fray; and, although I preventuel while Fou•dar Khan gathered all the Mooltanee direct d agatnst neighbouring " tuppehs." Other calling them in and keeping them with the rest of the party, Puthans around hint, I encouraged the Tow uh's son to occasions of strife were perpetuallv growing out of they still whirled their guns over their heads, and shouted summon his father's friends. t h e pecu li ar r d at i ona or mahowsdan life. Et . ert . ealormely that they would eat up the Namur's. But the Separate ends of the encampment were assigned to each, t Namurs teemed in no berry to be eaten up, and turned out and , . morning and evening, when I held Lharbar, native fugitive from a tuppeh must be hospitably reeeiVea t a t * the basing of the dogs and the shouts and the mullick to whom h e h a d fled was bound to like a nest of hornets , lth jusails. strod:, f eralse, sad e cers i Tr i. either parteuarLiredSthe ea s e m Tv raen t:k the "Assiyatmeill demand the surrender of the chattels and family and stones ; I thought the best eltanee I had was to make my iv. Mullik, or Fusjdar, on ',rake sid es es of * the L a ce e t tug revenue of land of his new guest from the superior fellows fight whether they would or no, so led them nand viewed each other with subdued ° resentment. lord. The impatient sons and nephews of maniacs, to the rear of the Nassur camp. and got t►em between. a rush would be made by both parties to get ?:7 11 11171 4 411 of ah bullets, in which to d i dtto icing equal bslb, the "the them them ir to Pa lrelown toget a h g e b l e iZ in the lion maths Inca The warfare which grew out of these feuds was surrender ; a I:surfaced proposition, to which the Nieman ' and at last little more of their former enmity reimbedlthal directed not merely to the possession but to the des- replied, with • handsome volley of bullets and abuse.' a useful rivalry in the field. traction o f property i n Bonnoo : the irrigation o f the ~ Come on !" they cried ; " come on mrerrinstbee dog, I There wa• one pert of the discipline of a regular army country being dependent on the numerous rivulets no time, for d e talking about ii Th e i n c r . 1. In trnth arcing oo i t t was whirls was os l ore , strf r etly enforce d an aL ons a i se s than i n an y no. width branched o ff f rom t h e pr i nc ip a l mountain ! else left, I drew my own 'WIZ! took a 11414 hold oft chain- hing t a n r . pholder. e lisdse rved the sanest o&nss of this Mim way i bass ' streams, to divert r eo as to leave a neighbour's field bridle, prophely given me by Tay... , struck spurs overlooked, the whole force would bays teams a hand of robbers; andl made instant and severe emunples of every offender. If a soldier wanted his discharge without pay, he had nothing to do but to go to a field and steal a sugar cane, when he was followed by the screasniaghasbandman to my tent, and took the consequences. It is a pleasing reflection to me, that, under the protection of the irregular force, while blockading Moolraj, Moolraj's tenants sowed the fields around Mooltan. 4th. As to lighting them. This is a very easy matter if men are brave; and ou the Indus frontier the population lived in a state of feud. You might put a quarrel in any light you chose, and it would, in their opinion, be '. a very pretty quarrel as it stands." The difficulty was not to get 1 them on, but to keep th em in hand. My grand and sole manceuvre was "Form line!" To facilitate this, and pre serve it when formed, I gave every brotherhood a flag, and 1. t them make it up after their own fancy, with a bloody , hand, or a scimitar, or the crc-cent, or the Koran, upon it ; anything so that they and I could distinguish it from others. Then I gave this as an immense honour to the champion of the brotherhood, and gave him more pay to make hint ap preciate the distinction. When the order to " form line" was iasued, every brotherhood rushed to its accustomed po sition, under it' accustomed chief; and then the flags regh - toted the advance, and kept the whole line even. As for a reserve, I never permitted such a thing. A regul,:r army i may rally and return to the charge. I have seen my own glorious corps, the lit Bengal Fusiliers, return a third time to the attack of a Sikh intrenehinent higher than their heads, alter two cruel repulses and with two huudr, , d of their men and officers down upon the ground. That was at Sobraon. Did they get in? Of course they got in. Such troops must get in. But it is a very ditferent thing with undisciplined armies. They arc either succesaful, or de feated ut once. There is no middle course; no doubt about the matter. so reserve will ever stop their flight ; hut the merve will turn and run with the ails anee that ha; been repulsed. So I threw my whole strength into the advance, and never let them stop, but kept them always moving, if it was but an inch. _ sth. The force was kept together during nine months of varying success, by regular pay and kind treatment. The oflicors sat twice a day with.me in Barber; I learnt to know them all. their characters, their circumstances, their preju dice', and their wants; and by living the same life that they did, wearing the same dress, talking the same language, and sharing with them all dangers and fatigues, they became attached to me, and I to them. I believe that when the war was over, and we had seen our mutual enemy subdued, to part wasa mutual sorrow. Wild, barbarous, indifferent to human life, they were yet free, simple as children, brave, faithful to their master, sincere towards their God. The crowded city has its virtues, but so has the desert and the mountain; and he who walks the world aright will find something good wherever he finds man; and nothing barren front Dan to Beersheba. At the end of the wnr was tried for his life, and. singular enough, applied for Edwaides to &find him. He had previously been asked to pro secute the rebel, but declined both invitations; he believed him guilty, and would not defend him ; had hunted him with an army in the field, and did not wish to follow him into the dock. Moolraj was sen tenced to be hanged, but his punishment was com muted to banishment aertrccs the seas. The major, having seen friends rewarded and ene mies punished, trusts that his sword has not been drawn without muse, or sheathed without honour, and earnestly hopes that all his future life may be given to the useful acts of peace. in the district was diminished onc-half, and those which did occur were cured in half the ti:ue. . To obviate these inconveniences in cabins and steerages, special means must he called in aid. Mr. Wells thus describes some of the arrangements for ensuring a supply of fresh air: The .Cale of Mrdioines with which Vessels are to he Furnished in l'ursuaswe of the Mercantile Marine Act. By T. SPENCER WELLS, F.R.C.S. Orr and Co. The Mercantile Marine Act and its provisions have been forcibly brought before the public as a pretended excuse fur the formidable strike, almost amounting to mutiny, existing among the sailors of Shields and other northern ports. Among the provisions of that law, intended to protect the mariner equally with the public, are several precautions calculated to secure the health and com fort of seamen. Owners of vessels are enjoined, under the threat of heavy penalties, to provide a flied amount of well-ventilated space for every per son on board, and to furnish for the use of the crew a sufficient supply of medicines and medical ap pliances, the amount and extent of which are fixed by a scale issued from the offico of the Board of Trade. Mr. Wells's work, which professes to be a republication of this settle. in reality contains, besides the needful list of drugs, a little compendium of me dicine and surgery, so far as they may be safely practised by unprofessional persons of average in telligence. Of far greater importance—inasmuch as to pre serve is better than to repair—arc sixty of its pages on the means of preventing disease, whether origin ating in the ship, as from impure air, want of space, dirt, damp, or in the habits or condition of the men. The chapter on ventilation contains informa tion, conveyed in a common-sense style, which can not be too extensively circulated. The following pas sage is on the danger which Englishmen incur from SLOW POISON. But though sudden or absolute poisoning is not often pro duced by want of air to dilute or remove the poisonous gas evolved in respiration, slow poisoning is so to a fearful ex tent. A healthy man requires four cubic feet per minute of pure air to ensure the changes which should take place in his blood during respiration, and to remove and sufficiently dilute the poisonous gas he exhales. The poison of the breath trues warm from the body, and, being wann, is specifically lighter than air, and rises just as a balloon filled with light gas does. It rises to the ceiling or deck, but finds no way , of escape, no opening higher than the fire place; so that, unless a current of air pass through the open door, all the upper part of the room or cabin becomes filled with poisonous gas. Currents of pure air come in through crevices of door-ways, carrying with them only a small por tion of the impure air, and the air above the level of the opening is very little affected. Just as a bottle of oil in- verted in a stream of water remains full, because the oil is lighter than the water, so the part of the room above the level of the chimney-opening, or the upper part of a cabin, remains full of a poisonous gas, because it is lighter than the current of pure air which passes from the door to the fire-place. Now, it is in this upper part of rooms that adults breathe. Their heads are above the level of the pure air; they are bleating a varying amount of poison. If a bird be suspended in a cage from the top of a four-post bedstead in which two persons are bleeping, and the curtains arc drawn rather closely together, the bird will certainly be found dead in the morning, poisoned by the breath of the sleepers, who, if they were On the same level with the bird, would just as certainly poison themselves. Small rooms are just as dangerous as a large curtained bedstead, and the close cabin of a ship resembles it as nearly as possible. When the bed-place is high up in the cabin, near the deck, and there is no opening for the warm air to escape, the sleeper is exactly , in the same positien of the bird hung up at the top of the bedstead. The effects of atmospheric impurity, as it exists in the ordinary drawing-room, is well stated in the experience of THE MONKEYS IN REGENY'S-PILRL. It is not very long since a new house was erected, under the direction of an eminent architect, to accommodate the monkeys in the Zoological Gardens of the Regent's-park, and this dwelling was to resemble as near so possible an English gentleman's drawing room. Two ordinary drawing room grates were put in, with low chimney openings as clime to tin floor as possible, and the windows and other openings above were made perfectly close. Some warm air was also admitted through openings in the floor. All the openings for winter ventilation were made close to the floor, under the erroneous belief that the gas produced by the respiration of the animals, being heavier than the other air of the room, would fall and escape below. The architect forgot that it issued worm, and therefore light from the animals, and that when cold it would become difl'usell and mix with the other Mr. Sixty healthy . monkeys that had been several years in England were put into this room. In one month fifty the of m were dead, and the othe te r n dyin. The animals were all poisoned by their own breadth g . They were living in an extinguisher. All the hot breath and im pure exhalations of the monkeys were collected in the upper part of the room, could not escape, and poisoned them. As soon as some openings in the upper part of the room, which were intended only for summer ventilation—as if the mon keys could live without pure air in winter—were unclosed, the room became perfectly habitable, the ten sick monkeys recovered, and those since placed in it have remained per fectly healthy. It is curious that all the monkeys that died are said to have died with tubercles in the lungs—true con. eumption—the must prevalent disease of this climate, which as developed, I am persuaded, in numberless instances in our population is the same manner, but less suddenly, as among these monkeys. Our schools and nurseries are not quite so close SS this monkey house, but there is no very great difference in many. The windows arc not opened for fear of draughts of cold air, there is only one door, and that is seldom opened, and the chimney opening is not more than three or four feet from the floor. Even that is often closed. The effects are bad enough in large rooms inhabited by few people, but when rooms are small or crowded, the magni- , rude of the evil can scarcely be appreciated. In a ship, whoa the ports and batches are closed, the people an , exactly in the same situation as the monkeys. They poison themselves with their own breath, and generally much quicker than the monkeys did, because they are more' arowded, and the pure air is more effectually excluded. It has been ascertained that nearly 10,000 emigrants have lately been poisoned by their own breath in emigrant ships. They died from ship fever, p ro d uce d by wan t o f ventilation. A few years ago 700 children, in a charity school at Nor wood, fell into ill-health, and many died, it was supposed, from want of want of food, but was proved to be from im perfect ventilation. Dr. Araott, in his evidence before the Health of Towns Commission, gave his opinion that nearly half the illness not resulting from old age that occurs among the lower classes might be prevented by a proper public system of ventilation; and lir. Toynbee, that scrofula, both in animal, and men, was dearly developed by inbabi- , tine crowded close rooms, and deepen la essinsel ems sur rounded by curtains, and that by a slegie mem et ventila tion adopted by a Samaritan Food htaasaishes with. the St. Oeorp's sad a. James's Dispensary, the muse of sickness THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 15, 1851. AIR When there is a fresh breeze, or when a vessel is going fast through the water, an abundant supply of fresh air may be most easily obtained, and it may be distributed to every Tart of the ship by a series of tubespmperly disposed. Again, if the warm impure air is drawn from the upper part of decks or cabins into a tube heated by a lamp to resemble ! the chimney of a house, cold air will pass in to supply its place by any openings in the dark or side of the ship even in a perfect calm. Thus, by means of properly disposed tubes, a self-acting plan of ventilation maybe framed which will secure a supply and proper distribution of pure air, with removal of the impure, either in storm or calm; and the openings of the tubes may be so prot.eted from rain or spray that no water can pass clown them. These tubes arc all that can he required in ordinary merchant vessels, but in men-of-war, troop-ships, convict and emigrant vessela, I and in all eases in which a number of human b:ings or cattle may be crowded between the decks of a ship, it is absolutely necessary to poone.s the means of supplying as much air as the body of breathers require. Dr. Arnott'a air-pump fulfils this object moot simply, beautifully, and I effectually, with so little expenditure of power that the latmiar of one man is sufficient to supply as much air as a thousand persons require fur breathing. Two boys can work ono easily fur two hours with so little fatigue that they are fit for any other duty at the close of this labour, and in steamers half-horse power from the engine would be I amply sufficient. Any ship carpenter, or ordinary carpen- I ter, could make such a pump mit of materials *found in every ship at the expense of a few shillings. Every ship should be furnished with from one to four of such pumps, in proportion to the number of the crew and pas.engers. They are used in eases of ncee‘sary confine ment of the people below; lot, under ordinary eircum ,tances, it is not necessary to work the pump, as tubes pro perly disposed secure perfect ventilation. 0 ILLII011}: . X FUNNELS. Lieut. Gihnorc has taken out a patent for air funnels, and the top or cowl of these funnels is just what should lie adopted as the top of any seriesof air tubes, for by trimming ' the cowl of the supply-tube to windward, and that of the discharge-tube to le. ward, the fresh air blows down the supply tulle and the escape of impure air is facilitated. Lieut. Gilmore's funnel is provided with a moveable cowl and base, with handle for turning to windward and lanyard for lashing. There are ey. -bolts for stays. and holes fur screw bolts in the square base. The height under the cowl varies from six to nine feet. according to height of bulwarks. The objection to Lieut. Gilmore's arrangement of his funnels that persons in one part or other of the ship must suffer from the impure air o: another part being driven towards them. For instance, in a stramyr going against a head wind, or a ship heating to windward—the hatches in either case being closed—the pure air comes down the fore-air funnel, and blows towards the stern, carrying with it all the exhalations of the persons congnatated forward. It has been found in practice that the air which escaped from the eli , charge-tuhe was exceedingly offensive, and it is plain that many persons in the after-part of the ship must have been exposed to this offensive air before it was dis charged. The case would be the same, except that the persons forward would suffer, when the ship was going be fore the wind. Lieutenant Gilmore's system is doubtless very useful; it is far better than no ventilation. It is at present adopted in many government vessels taken up for the conveyance of troops, convicts, &c.; but it is suscep tible of considerable improvement. Mt. AII;IOTT'S Alit PVIIIPP. Dr. Arnott has invented two forms of air-pump ---the barrel and piston pump, and the swing-flap or pendulum pump. In both the very great improvement upon all for mer pumps is in the nature of the valv, s, which are so light that no valvular obstruction is offered to the passage of air, and their size is unlimited. They arc called curtain valves, and consist simply of pieces of oiled silk, dreadnought, painted canvass not too thick, or cloth of a close texture, hanging across an opening, through which they are pre vented from passing by were lattice-work. If the pump be very large, the valve must be formed of several pieces of cloth or dreadnought, so filStelled as to overlap each other, like the slates of a house or the scales of • fish. It is plain that a draught of air blowing against a piece of cloth so fixed would blow it open, while a draught in the opposite direction would close it. If the opening were grated with wire the cloth could not be blown through it, and the uir, theretbre, could not escape. Thus, by nailing these curtain valves within or without the upper part of openings in a box, air may be drawn in in one direction and forced out in another by strokes of the same piston or flap. The barrel and piston pump is simply a square box, closed on all sides except where the valves are, and where tbo piston-rod passes through. The piston is merely a piece of wood tinily; closely to the sides of the box, but still loose enough to move up and down in the (sex, with but little friction. It is mole so that it can only move in the part of the boa between the upper and lower valvular openings, so that it may not interfere with the action of the valves. One side of the box must communicate with the open air, either directly or by means of a tube ; and the other side with the tube which is to distribute the air throughout the ship. It is thus made a supply-pump of fresh air; but, by reversing the action, it may be made a discharge-pump of impure air. It is not necessary, however, to keep two pumps in action, for if a tube communicate with the upper part of each compartment, the impure air will escape without pumping, when fresh air is freely supplied, especially if a lamp be kept burning in the discharge tube. The action of this pump is very easily understood. It is nothing more than a square bellows. As the piston moves downwards, air enters through the upper outside opening. It cannot be forced outwards again, because the lower out side valves close the opening. It must, therefore, pass through under the lower inside salves. fro when the piston moves upwards, air enters through the lower outside opening, and is forced through beneath the upper inside valves. Thus, every motion of the piston upwards and downwards, draws in air on one side and pumps it out on the other, as will be seen by comparing the two cuts. It may be worked by a lever, handle, and sling, like a com mon pump ; or, by fi crank and fly-wheel, or a rope and pulley. A pump of this kind, with the space in which the piston works three diet square, allowing a three feet-stroke of the piston, will easily distribute 1,000 cubic feet of air per minute. This is an allowance of four cubic feet per minute for every person in a crew of 250, a quantity sufficient to afford pure air fur breathing, as well as fur the dilution and removal of all impure exhalations. The swing-flap or pendulum pump is also a cubical box, divided into two equal parts by a hanging flap or partition. The flap is hung so that it may swing backwards and for wards, like a pendulum, from one lower corner of the box to the other. The bottom of the box must be concave, to correspond with the sweep of the pendulum, which is made to fix the box all round to within the twentieth elan inch. This flap forces the air before it just like the sweep of a fan, or the stroke of the piston in the box just described. The valves also act in the same manner. It may either be worked by a handle connected with the axis of the pen dulum, or by pulling ropes acting upon it, just as in the act of tolling a bell. It should not be worked more quickly than the usual rate of a (lock pendulum, unless springs were fixed inside near each lower corner, to assist recoil, and pre vent injury to the apparatus from hard striking. This pump, like the other, is both a forcing and drawing pump, and acts either as one or the other, according to the arrangement of the valves and air channel.. What renders it peculiarly adapted fur ship ventilation, is the facility': with which it may be fixed in any part of a ship, and the certainty with which it would serve the double purpose, at the saint, time, of supplying pure and removing impure air. For instance, one might be fixed in every cabin of a large steamer, and the whole kept constantly working, night and day, by a crank from the engine at kss than half-horse power expenditure. The lower half of a pump of this rise a foot square, projecting through the tap in one of the corners of each cabin, would not occupy useful space. The upper half would communicate with air admitted by open ings in the deck or bulwarks, or would open into an air tube. Nothing would be easier than to carry a double tube all round the ship between the timbers. Into the one cum- partrnent of this tube, the pump would discharge the impure air from the top of the cabins, while the other compartment would supply pure air to be distributed by the pump round the bottom of the cabin. When hatches or ports remain open, there would be no necessity for the supply by the pump, fur if the impure air were effectually removed, the pure air would find its way in to supply its place. In very cold weather it would be very easy to warm the air before it was admitted into the compartment of the tube destined for its supply by the pump. Either of these forms of pump would be also exceedingly useful in steamers, to keep up a current of air upon the fires. At present the draught of the funnel is absolutely necessary to keep the fires burning, and if the funnel were injured by a shot or otherwise, so that the draught were prevented, the fires would go out and the steamer be rendered power less. A very small expenditure of power from the engine, employed upon one of those pumps, would ensure &constant draught under all circumstances, and render combustion of the smoke a matter of the greatest possible ease. Great economy of fuel might thus be ensured, with increased efficiency of the vessel, particularly when it is desirable to avoid observation, and much less liability to serious injury in action. resists every change of ti:n tist p h e ie) ra rin t n u r ie it::. , 2l an iyfi d apc d ,ii i rris uss ira n: oe: w ni arp nevhcoiry or shrink from excessive heat, or expand from saturation. sle‘a.h, When n n i d t i t s' h c a o t n'' Ou d r er t e r d ad th e climates, the advantage of ships being built of a material which combines within itself the best properties of other woods is utterly obvious, and needs no comment; more ea pecially since the shippina. interests of Great Britain have not increased in regard of British-built ships in the Sallie ratio with insist of the mercantile navies of other countrit s.aud but for the colonial built tonnage would have been superseded in some important branch,: of the carrying trade. But • where shipbuilders can still hold their ground in competi tion with all foreigners, is in the conotruction of first-elsos ships for long voyages to and from India, for hdl heavy trades, and for the conveyance of male passengers and ' emigrants, to distant colonies. This more particularly ap ,' plies to the increaseduse and demand for steamers 01' the ' largest and first-class; and, as the engines of this country are superior to those of foreign nations, the British ship owners and builders, possessing in these respects so many advantages, they surely have a right to demand from Lloyd's committee that the came rule should he applitol to mahogany as to other high-class woods, as the refusal of its admission fur all parts of 3 first class ship operates to restrict employment in shiiimilding at hams, and tends to sustain at an exothitaut price other high-class woodo intrinsically not ouporior to mahogany; thus, instead of transferring the shipbuilding trade to the colonies or to foreign powers, there would be, with wise legislation, and judicious rules, nothing to apprehend from the rivalry of other countri. s. llondurat mahogny is found to work as freely and :tend as readily as English oak, as may be ascertained by inspect ing NOM of the fine chips now being built, practicully de monstrating that it can he turned round the must difficult curves, without any symptoms of "spelling," or splitting. It has been shown by a aeries of e.xperimento, med., by Messrs. Thos. and John White, shipbuilders, of Owe.. that Honduras mahogany is stiffer than either East India teak, Eu r rlish oak, Quebec oak, American chn, Dsutoic fir, or American yellow pine, and that •'• it is the best wood for obipbrabling purposes." The non-verrosi in of metal. is likewise a - highly favourable property in this wood, sod this has been ascertained by the celebrated chemist, Dr. Ere, who, having tested samples of Ilonduras mahogany which bad been submitted fur ana lysis, reported that " A decoction of the chips or shavings had hardly any chemical reaction, and soareely atfeettd iron and cropper ;" and, as a case in point, it is known that when the old Spanish frigate, Prima-se, built of ineho piny,. was taken to pieces, so sound and tenacious were her Iron f astenings, that the own were paid double wages for extracting the belts. The mahogany which is the best adapted slop-building is that which is firm, tough, and roty, by which latter term is meant the irregular direction, or over lapping of the grain of the wool; the soft ~ r etolar-like kinds being used for the inside planking, whilst the hard and wavy are suited for the outside planking and timber ing. These differeut properties were well understood by the Spanish shipbuild , srs, who, by judiciously s-deeting such logo as were of suitable texture, succetoled iu building ships, some of which, even at the present day. arc in a um mission iu our navy, or when broken up (roan age, have hail their mahogany timbers, used in new ships , . Nor let It be supposed that the Spaniurds eat mahogany iu their islands alone ; their arehives attest that very much wood, cut on the continent of America, was Font for the use of the Spanish nary to the arsenal in Cuba. Indeed, the botanical character of miihogany is essentially the saute, whether grown on the continent or on the Islands of Cuba or St. Domingo. A superficial observer may not bate skill in discriminating bermd the formation and soundness of we'd (which are the chief essentials in English oak, it being of nearly uniform texture), but if the judgment of the sur veyor Ise not matured so us to appreciate the useful nut vaned texture of inalio,:my, in order to apply it practically to the purposes, for which it is best suited, irantnee is dome to the wood and injury to the trade and best interest of the country. The minims of eminent shipbuilders art., that sound, hard, and well selected Ilondurao mahogany is suited fur all parte of new " twelve years' merchant ships," and if long and well squared, it is very ceoitomi. al, the offal being of much more value than that of any other wood at present mod fur shipbuilding. The specific gravity of %esteemed llondurao mahogany being less than than that of oak and teak, it is calculated that a vessel of 1,000 tons hurthen built of it, would displace. when afloat, nearly 100 tons of water less than if conatructed of the latter woods : and as buoyancy is ions of the highest qualities in a ship, this characteristic feature ought to have much weight with those who are desirous of producing the best specimens of naval architecture. Its durability is so well-known, that it scarcely requires further comment, than to °Norm, that in household furniture, in the old Spanish 'hips of war, and in the droghero and vessel, of the countries in which it grows, its imperishable nature is attested by the mat incontrovertible evidence. Instance. in which ships built of English oak have been tliand decayed and dry -rotten, are un fortunately too nuuterott. ' and many merchant vescols as well as men of war, constructed of this celebrated timber, hove been rendered nearly valueless from the souse above men tinned, before they had been three years at sea ; whilst cos the other hand, it is an undoubted fact, that tiering to the enduring propertliii of mahogany, it not unfregently warn in those countries ill which it grows, that the oak timbers of a chip, from decay, are obliged to be taken out and re placed by that woad; and, likewise ' it has been discovered that in the same ships in which mahogany, oak and teak had been wed, the mahogany was quite mood. whilst the other woods alongside of it were decayed. In fact, 1111 ships aro principally employed m tropical coun tries, and exposed to great heat, it is only reasonable to con clude that the last material to build them of is the timber produced in congenial climates—it being notorious that hard woods in geueral, and mahogany in particular, which. ure grown in tropical countries, arc hardly subject to dry rot ; whilst, on the contrary, those woods which are the production of a cold northern climate have a greater ten dency to decay. To shipowners the purchase of ships built iof mahogany, n preference to other woods, Las this im portant consideration ; for, however ancient or worn such ;hips may bccinne, the intrinsic value- of old mahogany to shipbreakers will be much greater than any other wood; and cabinetmakers will frequently give very high grass forold-seusoned mahogany. It is a curious and interesting fact, that furniture is being made in the royal dockyanis at this day out of the beautiful maloiganz found in breaking up the old line of battle-ship, the Gibraltar, which was built in the Haviumah NO years ago ! In re poet of this sessel, it is mentioned in the " Memoirs of Admiral Mir Jahlecl Brenton," " that when he was first lieutenant of the Gibraltar (a huge three-decker), he narrowly escuptd, having been driven on an iron-bound roust du: :iig a horrid gale of wind which had forced her from her moorings, and he suggests that all efforts might base been fruitless embus the vessel hod been of very singular construction, v:s., " Spanish built, with her lower part one enurtnow , 111111.3 of solid mahogany." Stone's Medics! Portrait Gallery. flighty, Fleet-strco.. Mr. Stone is known in the medical world as an assiduous and discriminating collector of portraits. The shortcomings of art towards the talented band who now lead the van of medical inquiry appear to have suggested the present series of engravings. The list of the " Medical Portrait Gallery " includes the names of Mr. South, of St. Thomas's Hospital, the well-known editor of Chelius's Surgery; Mr. Simon, professor of pathology at the medieOl school of the same institution, and medical officer of the City Board of Health ; Professor Ferguson, whose least praise is that he is one of the greatest living operators; Dr. Forbes, a philosoper and author, ns well as an industrious physician; Mr. Paget, author of the elaborate catalogues of the llunterian and Bartholo mew museums; Dr. Budd; Mr. E. Forbes; Dr. Bentley Todd; Sir W. Charles Ellis; Mr. Skcy, of Bartholomew's, with other gentlemen, searecly less distinguished in their various specialities. The whole collection forms an interesting souro.ir to the numerous body whom the requirements of ;n -struction or relief may at any time have brought into communication with the originals. The portraits are drawn by Mr. T. H. Maguire, with the exception of that of Sir W. C. Ellis, which has been entrusted to Mr. Aldous, and also that of Mr. Simon, ably taken by M. Baugniet. The likenesses, taken alto gother,are very good, though they vary in merit. That of Dr. Forbes certainly reduces the amount of intellectuality which his countenance displays; whilst those of Mr. Paget and Mr. South give the entire character of countenance of the originals. Mr. Skey's • is also good, and so is Mr. Simon's. In Mr. Fer gusson's, the resemblance is great, but the face is ' somewhat too full. The same remark will apply to the portrait of Mr. Hancock. The least successful portrait ; that of Sir W. C. Ellis. PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. isometric View, Groom( I'lan, and Elevation of the Im rovements in the neisAbourhood of Smith fi eld, proposed 4 the Corporation of - London. Two tinted lithographs, in illustration of the corporation plan of the new Smith field market, well executed by King, of College-his. With great tact the promoters of the new scheme en deavour to conciliate the public Mate by exhibiting the picture of a crystal fountain sending forth its streams on the bite of the present Smithfield abominations. The Wonderful History of Peter Schlemil, by Adelltert von Chamisso,eith a vocabulary and notes by Ealek Lebahn. Chamisso's Peter fichlemil, by means of translations, has become a popular story in every country in Europe. M. Lebabs has here chosen it u a German reading-book for Kuglislunen. The grammatical notes are copious and jp.dicious, and, like his previous publications, wdl adapted to convey the structure and idiom of the German tongue. The Mahogany Tree. London. Effingham Wilson. The mahogany trade has long formed an important 1 branch of our dislings with the country lying about the Isthmus of Panama. The new routes of transit now proposed, or actually in course of formation, supply the means of greatly extending the region from whence Europe will be able to draw supplies of this useful wood. The object of this work is to des cribe the botanical character and geographic a l distri bution of the tree, the capabilities of various maho gany-producing countries, the mode of cutting, pre. paring, and shipping the timber, and to exhibit its various capabilities and uses. The volume is illus. DnAwtic-ROOM . —Loan CHAMBERLAIN% OFneit, trated with several lithographic engravings, and is interesting beyond the circle for whose tee it has Fan. 13.—Notiee is hereby given,. that her est) , wit interesting a drawing room at St. Janis s Palace on Th urs da y, Doan prepared The following passage on mahogany, COM the Sid of April next, at 2 o'clock.—Gazette. MISSIONS !HONED BY THE LORD LIEUTENANT as a material for ship-building, may be quoted: or 8.A7101170111111111.--.loolsh Epode Esq., to be Dept o % • Kahogany possesses the important andhandleable proper- Lieutenant ; Captain William Armstrong (late of 1014 ties of great buoyancy and durability, slowness of ignition, Hues* to be ' ; Henry Dalrymple Dci Volta. tend non-shrinkage, as wells,' being almost totally free from Gent., and Bichaaa Hose Richard Bedford, Gent., to be and penueious acids ; it .0 consequently peculiarly I CoracV in the Queen's Own Royal Regiment of Stafford far the frames and planking of steam -vends, as it shire T s eoinaary Cavalry.—Gazette.