The Express. — London, England, 1853-06-29 00:00:00

IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT. HOUSE OF LORDS.—TVE:IDAY, JUNE S. ROYAL ASSENT. The royal a-s-nt was given by eomm,sion to the fotow ing .—lac tine-taz Bill ; Bail in Error Bill; Ilickncy Carrisgsslli3; Drtmeasmd's (Doke is 3.1( Burt's) Restitu tion 11.11. Several private bills also received the MOW. TAr total conamlasioners wan the Lord Chancellor, Earl GM% tile, and Lord Stanley of Ahlerlel. The Lotto CMANC6LI.OII took his seat et 6 o'clock. CLITHEROE SCHOOL ESTATE BILL. This bill was read a :hird tilos owl pawed. JUVENILE MENDICANCY (No. 2) BILL. The Hari of SHAFTESBURY moved the second read ing of this bill. Re propowli taking the discussion on going into committee. Ain r a short discussion the bill was read a second time. CM: nil BUILDING ACTS AMENDMEN f !SILL. On the motion of the Earl ot 1/..1111:4% r:v bill was read a second time. 1 he boost then adjourned. )10('"E OF COMNIONB.—TrEiDAY, Jeri 28. Ti.. tOIA chair at Gaon. NEW SlENtllElt. _ 'r M..ar.aty .foie the oath. and his seat fir the city of Detrharn, in tht roofs of Lord A. Vane. unseated. The bon. gent:eines wax introductd by Sir R. Inglis and Sir J. Y. PRIVATE BUSINESS. The Lords' Atutodments upon the Staines, Wokinghasn, and WoLing Juiction Railway Bill woo cousi2ered 4.11 (1 agreed to. Tee following bills were read a third time and passed Crii Junction Railway; Cu•bill's Divorce; South Wales Railway (Pen: broke, ; Upton St. Leonsrii'., Birdlip, and Iltimmifleld Roads ; Londonderry, Enniskillen, sad Sligo Railway (No. 2); West London and Crystal Palace Rai:a ay ; Bills. The Monet e.ter and Salford Education Bill was ordered to be read a second time on the 14th of July. PUBLIC BUSINESS. 'METROPOLITAN BRIDGES. At the request of the Eight lion. Baronet the first Com mi of Works, Mr. OLIVILIIIA consented to postpone his motion for a committ e e oa Metropolitan Bridges till Tues day, .:b July. NATIONAL EDI:CATION (IRELAND). Mr. WALPOLE wished to put a question to the Chief Secretary for Ireland with regard to the Bth rule of the Commissioners of National Education. The construction , 1 w►i-b had heretofore been put upon that rule wu th►t if the parents at Roy child objected to any particular religions ►ook being taught, that child should not he compelled to learn it; but nut that the objection of a single parent should gauge the exclusion of the book from the school. It was, however, commonly reported that the commissioners had caused a work of Dr. Whattly to be omitted from the list, and had also decided that the objection of a single parent should necessitate the disuse of any hook in the schoil to which his child belonged. Ile (Mr. Walpole) begged therefore to ask the right hon. gentleman whether the Com missioners of National Education in Ireland have re ject:ll or expunged from the list of books to be used in the nations! schools, "The Evidences of Christianity," by the Archbishop :of Dublin; and whether they have determined, that. if any child's parent s►ould object to the use of any single book, it is a sufficient reason for excluding suck back, not from that child only, but from the whole school ? . . —...--. ...- ....-- .---.. Sir J. 'lOl. *NO said it was exceedingly difficult, at that time, to give an answer to the questioxs of the right hon. gentleman. There had been a great deal of misunder standing on the subject, both of the practice and the opinions of the Board of Commissioners. The opinions of the board were divided, and their prunes had not been al together uniform. It was unfortunate that there should be any difference as to the continuance of the religious educa tion given in schools; but they must recollect the founda tion on which this system was built. When Lord Stanley established the system of national education in Ireland, he proposed to give to children of all penuasions a combined literary and a smante religions instruction. A difference bad of late 41714611 as to the construction of rule 8; but no for mal decnion had been cane to. He was, however, informed that means had been taken to ascertain the opinion of the unse ma comminioners themselves, and that the deliberate, ezpression : , ..f then hadnot been concealed from the I neh,gnero waist. role wu as follows :—" The commis stoners do not inalet yea the scripture tenons being read in any of the aatlOMi schools, nor do they allow them to be used during the time of secular or literary instruction, in any school attended by children whose parents or guardians object to their being so read. In such cases the' commissioners prohibit the use of them except at the times of religious instruction when the parties living it may use these lessons or not es they tbinkproper." Doubts had arisen as to the constructs a of that rule, but the practice of the commissioners hel apparently been to insist upon the scripture lames beteg read in no school against the wish of , the parents; and where a single child objected to the use of these books during the time of secular instruction, they were relegated to the period at which the separate Teligioue instruction was given. It was proposed to act upon this rule in the sense that these books wen not to he relegated to the hours of religious in struction ; but that where any objections were trade to them a portico of the day should be ,' set sprat for nailing them, and that due notice should 1 he given of the time at which the books were to be n.ed. Such a veseletion would not probably have been messed to by the majority of the commissioners provided that the " easy lesson. in Christianit y"were °mitt( d from the : lit of works in meat the schools With regard to the right boa. gentleman's drat gentian, it was true that many ikaaaa catholic* sad other moons had objected to the week referred to, on the ground that it was of a polemical okaracter ; but he (Sir J. Young) hoptd that no bon. gen tleman would come down to the house and attempt to give nay opiaiem upon it unless he bait himself previously read It (Cheers.) It was a very small work, but no one could 'erase it without pleats,' and advantage, for it was a masterpiece of condensed scriptural knowledge, and of logical acumen. (Cheers) He (Sir J. Young) did not propose to express any decided opinion on the question until the formal ;etiolationa of the board should have been communicated to the government ; but he did not appre hend that the withdrawal of the work from the list would maks say very great pastiest difference in its use. From a return which bad beespresested without the least reference to this wades, it appeared that no fewer than 260,000 copies of the BIM blMeh busk would probably be required la the year. Willie wetback, 152,000 would be wanted ; of the fourth atift . lf=s i d 41,500 copies. For the arithmetic, die would be 41,500, whereas of the " seey alwitionity " the number was only 1,200. or abort wee Re poor echo& (Hear.) The subjoin had enlist disc-make, but he be hoved that there had bass we mem mended adoption of the work in the WON& miwentien of Inland than he had described. (Hear. bees.) Mr. WALPOLE desired a more specific reply to his se toad question. The SPEAKER hepod that the right hon. gentleman, in ausweriag, world het maks another speech. (" Hear," and a laugh.) YOUNG said the practice would appear to have been, that wham the parade eta single child objected to the am of the beaks is qopeties, they were relegated to the boars appabtsd 4 sepoote religious instruction. llr. COWAN pee Mire that he should move for • variety of returns mmaasted with the same subject. UNIVERSITY TESTS (SCOTLAND) BILL. The order of the day for the nixed rending having been read, The LORD ADVOCATE moved that it be taken after the other orders of the day, and is doing so intimated that he had received communisation which led him to believe that a middle term could be found to suit the views of both parties interested in this bill. He proposed, therefore, to substitute is the room of the present testa the following de claration : " I, A B, do solemnly and sincerely declare that as professor of — .L ead in the discharge of the duties of the said offles, I will MTH endeavour, either directly co indirectly, to teeth or inculcate any opinion opposed to the divine authority of the Holy Scriptures or the Westminster Confeesios, as confirmed end rati fied by law in the year 1690; and that I will not exercise the (ructions of the said *dice to subvert or prejudice the Anna of Scotland as by law established, or the dose sod privileges thereof.' . He (the Lord Advocate) she messed that in case any professor were guilty of a break of drat declaration, application should be snack: to the Lod admits, and b him to the Queen in Council, who amid Wm a to inquire into the eircuseissem, tlsi Oahe saps fee his removal. He (the Lord Adonis's) did setmake this statement for the pur pose of railing any disormion at that stage, but with the hope that his proposal would be satisfactory to theirs who desired to retain a test, and would not be objected to by those who wished for its abolition. (Hear, hear.) The order of the day wee then postponed. SHERIFFS' COURT (SCOTLAND) BILL. The committee upon this bill was resumed, beginsieg at clause 28. . _ Mr. CRAUFURD moved the substitute of the words " twenty.flve " for "twelve." Ile would also add a proviso to the clause, allowing suitors to employ advo-1 gates, if they thought proper to do No ; casts to be claimed only where the amount recovered was 81. 6s. Bd. The LORD ADVOCATE opposed the amendment. The Mll had gone through the ordeal of a select committee of 19 members, who bad gone through the clauses with the greatest an; and they were much better qualified to deal with a question of this kind than the whole house. Refe rence had been made to the English courts; though this system had worked well, it was still very rude and imper fect; and it woe by no means desirable to assimilate the local courts of Scotland exactly to the County Courts. At present • sum of 261. could be recovered mote cheaply in the Sheriffs' Courts of Scotland than in the Saglish County Courts ; the casts would not be more than 3L 103. or it ; co issequently so groan for the amendment. wet. it carried it wosld be useless to proceed with the bill. Mr. CHARTERIS supported the clause as it stood, and said he was u sunset an advocate of legal reform as he had professed himself in a speech on the hustings, which had been quoted by Mr. Craufurd. Kr. HI., KB, in supporting the amendment, said he did not vales much the decisioa of the select committee, as 11 oat of the 15 Scotch members bad goes into the committee pledged again* dm abolition of sinecures. He himself had 1111111101111111.111111111 bleat in committee without success, and beg that evidence should be taken, to show the ilitr of a better sy stem ; but this also had Nen re jected. Ho deprecated the course which had been pursued gm Ugs b a g, especially by the Scotch members. Mr. WALFOLE recalled the idtention of the committee to the preeise terms of the amendment—to substitute 2.11. fur 11 Ile had been a member of the committer, and thinkic: that the bill ea it steed would be a great advanttge to the people of Scotland be should I support it. The hill established three juriselii.- tions—for amounts above 234., for those between 121. and 231., std fdr those under 12/. In the first ! an appeal was allowed to the Court of Searion ; and he thought the limit of 2.51. a very proper one. For sums le -1 Moen 121. and 2.51, advocates might be employed, and there was an appeal to the sheriff-depute. Where the smaller amounts were in dispute, no advocates werA allowed. Considering that this system had wicked well in Scotland, and considering that the people were satisfied with it. he thought they might judiciously extend it to sums of 124, but beyond that it would not he prudent to go. lie therefore coald not concur is the ;intendment of the hen. and learned gentleman opposite. Once give a party toe power to employ an agent, and the other aide mutt employ one too. The result would be then, that this amendment in the law would he oppressive to the poor man, t.cmtuse under the plan now proposed they would have different mutate of procedure springing up in every county, and there would be no end to the expense which such a system would entail upon the people. It would be much better to keep the law uniform throughout the country, and since the bill, as it stood, fully accomplished that end, he could sea no reason for altering it. Mr. S.WORTLEY, like many other Scotch members, had paid great attention to th:s subj.et, and at first he was in clined to suppose th.t if the jurisdiction of the Sheriffs' Court could be siiely extended to 121., there was no reason why it should not go beyond that sum. lie originally proposed that evidence should be taken on this point before the committee up stairs, bet the house did not concur with him in that view, and it was not per severed in. lie was therefore not disposed to dispute the decision which the select committee had come to, after care fully investigating the whole matter; and although this proposal agreed with li ra first impression, he must never theless vote ago Mit it, for the constitutioui.l i'round that a select committee had recommended the beute to pass the bill as it stood. Mr. M'GREGOR was as anxious as any member to we the County Court sjatem extended to Scotland, and he should only take this bill as an instalment of that I gal re form which the people of Scotland had a right to demand. There was still one part of even this bill which he must take exception te, and that was the part which limited the salaries of the judges. Such a limitation was unworthy of Parliament, and he hoped some amendment would be made an this part of the bill before it finally pe.sed. Mr. COWAN should support the bill as it stood, and vote against the amendment. The measure was calculated to produce great good for the people, as it would simplify and cheapen legal proceedings in civil cases, while it would ultimately lay the foundation of a permanent system of law refonn in Scotland. Mr. A. HASTIE thnuld support the amendment, be cause ho thought the bill was grossly defective in that part of it which related to appeals from the sheriff's substitute to the sheriffs deputy. Ho must be allowed to bear his testimony to the attention which the right hoe. gentleman the member for Midhurst had directed to this bill. The right hon. gentleman wp most assiduous in his attendance on the select committee, and he did his beat to render the measure as perfect as ponsible. Colonel BLAIR thought they ought to defer to the opinicn of the select committee and negative the amend ment. . . Mr. C. BRUCE said the power of appeal which prevailed in Scotland was a valuable feature in the sheriff's court system, and he hoped it would not be interfered with. Mr. DUNLOP spoke in favour of the limitation provided for in the boil, and declared his opinion that the aelcct coin mittee could not have gone further in their recommenda tion on this subject without first taking evidence upon it. The LORD ADVOCATE declined to enter into a seceni discussion of this question, but he could not suffer it to go to a division without flatly contradicting the statement of the hon. member for Montrose that the select committee to whom this bill was referred was a packed committee. He denied also that he had resisted the taking of evidence in the select committee on the subject of double sheriffs. That opposition came from the honourable member for Glasgow. Mr. A. HASTIE begged the committee to remember that b. was not the honourable member for Glasgow who was referred to. (A laugh.) After a few words from Mr. CRAI:FURD, by way of reply, the committee divided, when there appeared— For the amendment Against it The amendment was according negatived, and the clause agreed to as it originally stoo d ; as were also clauses 31 and 32. Clauses up to 41 were agreed to. On clause 41, which regulates the retiring allowance of the sheriffs principal end sheriffs depute, Mr. HUME moved to leave out the word sheriff, on the ground that they had no retiring allowance under the former bill, and that the nature of their duties did not en title them to any. The Lord Advocate, Mr. Dunlop, Mr. Baillie, and Mr. Walpole defended the giving of a retiring pension, on the ground that it would make the sheriffs more efficient, and contribute to the more effectual administration of justice. Mr. A. Mastic, Mr. Duncan, and Mr. Craufurd sup- ported the amendment, on the ground that the sheriffs de pute were practising barristers as well as appeal judges, and therefore there was no reason for giving them a retiring pension, any . more than there was for giving retiring pen sions to revuing barristers in England. The committee then divided— For the clause G-5 For the amendment l6-49 The clause was then agreed to, as were the remaining clauses and schedules. The bill was then reported. ROYAL COMMISSION. Mr. PCISIAN, Yeoman Usher of the Black Rod, sum mated the house to the House of Lords to hear the royal oromtoissios read. . . . The house atlymtned at a quarter-wt 4 till 6 o'clock. The hones met again at six THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JUNE 29, 1853. NOTICES OF MOTIONS. CORRUPTPRACTICES AT ELECT IONS. Sir J. SHELLEY give notice that on Tuesday, the 19th July, he should call the serious attention of the house to the rearlution passed by the bow cm the 11th of Novem ber—namely, that if it shall mow that any person has obtained, or has endeavoured to obtain a scat in the house by bribery, or corrupt madras, this house will proceed with the utmost severity ',skit such person. And that in connexion therewith he &WI tall attention to the re port of the committee respestlag the Plymouth election, and should move that the Attorney-General be directed to prosecute Charles John Mare, Esq., the late member for Plymouth, for bribery and other corrupt practices. (Groans from the opposition.) THE EASTERN QUESTION: Mr. LAYAitatg:;47llotTettTheli;;;ltctelaining forward this gaieties es Friday, the Bth July. THE BALLOT. moved for leave to bring in a onniesion• - into the bill to provide tn.. ;a. __ to inquire tf. assapt practices at any election for any county, division of a Meaty, city, borough, university, or place, in the United eitt m shall have issued, under the provisions of the act sth and 16th years of her present Majesty, the votes M this two elections next subsequent thereupon in any each place shall be taken by ballet. He said on the pass * a the Reform Bill it was expected that that measure genii have produced freedom of election, but it was soon alai that it did not stop intimidation, bribery, and MOW effenapt practices, and the opinion began to spread Iftalt the ballot would be the only remedy. The great debate M the Mat took place in 1838, and in 1839 the question mankind, the numbers who divided being nearly 550. Afterward' interest in the question declined. During the last parliament many measures were passed for the purpose of obtaining purity of election. The last general election was an exciting party struggle, and thirty members had been unseated for bribery and corruption. They need not be surprised, that after 225 contested elections, followed by more than 100 petitions, the question of the ballot should be revived. In 1852 the numbers who voted for the ballot were 246, and 144 for it ; and in 1853, the numbers were 232 against it and 172 for it, so that there was en increase in the supporters and a diminution in the opponents. Finding that there was such a large number in the house ready to support the application of the ballot, and seeing that a large number did not present themselves at the divi sion, knowing probably that their constituents were not unfavourable to the measure, he had thought it right to give an opportunity to members who might be doubtful as to its application generally to try the experiment on a small scale. He would now state the bounds of the measure to which it would at first apply. Tile Lords had not signified their assent to a commission lie iliatioae but he proposed it should be one of the =l:in which the experiment should be tried. It SSW 5 electors, and 5,888 inhabitants. • Last night the Mims was sanctioned by the House of Lords for Barn- Noble and Tynemouth. Barnstable had a constituency of NI electors, and Tynemouth 1,169. For Canterbury, =on -upon-Hull, and Cambridge, there were corn as sitting. In Cambridge there were 1,984 electors, la Canterbury 1,874, and in Kingston-upon Hull upwards of 6,000. These constituencies were of a variable cha racter, and afforded a fair opportunity of trying the experiment. Some of these boroughs were so large that if the commissions reported that they ought to be dis franchised there would be great difficulty in disfr.utchising them. There was certainly a considerable portion of these electors who were freemen, and they might withdraw the franchise from them; but he did net think that the cor rupt practices were confined to the freemen. Ile proposed that the returning officer of any borough should be held to apply the act, when, from common notoriety, o=n as notice in the Gazette, the borough came under timp, potation of the bill ; that there should be polling bode, as at present, at which the electors should present themselves, and that when an elector was identified, the pia-Merle should present him a card, which the elector oink' take behind a screen, and that he should put the Mod into a box. Ile did not apprehend that this was a what scheme, but he was quite ready to bear saggaidoss for its improvement. lit thought the hones would be glad to see some new element introduced into the debates on this question. He thought that, on general grounds, this was an opportu nity which ought not to be lost of giving a fair trial to the ballot, so that both its advocates and opponents might sea its effect in working. Mr. F. PEEL was sorry_ that the right hon. gentlemen who usually occupied the Treuury bench were absent from the house this evening. As, however, the noble lord the member for London had stated to him some of the reasons why he should oppose this bill, he (Mr. Peel) would trouble the house with a few observations on this occasion. lie certaialy thought that after the full mad complete discussion I which the ballot hal received during this session, it would not again have beet' brought before the house &Ler so short an interval of time. The honourable gentleman (Mr. Bonham Carter) said that he brought forward the question with a view of giving a trial to the ballot ; but it certainly seemed that a question like that ought to be disposed of upon broad and general grounds, and not upon an exceptional piece of legislation. If the ballot were really calculated to suppress the anoma lies and disottlers of the electoral system, it ought to be ap plied universally and not to any particular district. If on the other hand, although it might cure evils of cue descrip tion, it would open a door to other evils of another elms, then what right had the house to inflict it upon a par ticular district, and to throw the miseries of experi mental le4i-lation upon one part of the country in order to give a lesson to other parts? Besides when particular laws were to be made for particular places, it was usually upon the application of persons connected with and interested in the locality acting by the desire of the inhabitant., or at least el a section of them. No such de-' .ire bad bees put forward in this instance. Nor did the hon. memher's proposal give the ballot a fair trial. It seem' dto be pretty generally admitted that for cares of bribery and corruption the ballot would not be attended with any very good effect ; it was rather in those places where intimidation existed that its exponents hoped that it would prove useful. But this bill applied it to cases of bri bery. 1 he bill, too, if pawed into law, would be inconsistent ' with the act t t which it referred, for at the very time that the cemmiseion was sitting and endeavouriug to tiring to light the corrupt practices attending an election, another election would be going on in the very same borough, of which all the proceedings would be shrouded in the moat compete and convenient silence. For these reasons be trusted that the bon. member would withdraw his motion. Mr. 11. BERKELEY, though a friend to the ballot, cer tainly objected to its introduction in such homecopathie doses. Ile must deny the statement of the hon. gentlemas (Mr. F. I'eei) that the fricndsof the ballot wtrc of opinion that it would he ineffectual in putting an end to bribery; on the contrsry, they believed; that in all constituencies of any respectable size tie ballot would put an end to corrup tion awl bribery. Mr. FRENCH, who rose amidst great cries fora division, said that, as her Majesty's ministers were not in their places this evening, and it was understood that the house would not sit late, instead of proceeding to consider this rather important question, he begged to more that the house do adjourn. The SPEAKER put the question, which was answered by an almost unanimous affirmative, and the house adjourned a few minutes before seven o'clock. that whe .cut .ervrtg;o. TO COP.I.ESPONDEVTS. ♦ .es,ml Yet: .on a f'• TM- 'i7nreta," ew 2i. - Icn the mime carries's I :Masked ',cry Tueaday and Yriday alnitt, In time fit pain. 6..awas in SR dad 'or ..r.e Exi.reat,.Lor.,:en ning pap , r, rt•• be at the tritice, 10, Eouverlastreet, by Iwo o'clock ow the iay of publication. MOD WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tom Das—YorntK. SI. 13a...........After5505. Ob. 45es. To.sosacw—Mondos. Se. ISL. Afternoon. 91.45 a. LONDON, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 29. TnE more recent accounts from Australia show no diminution in the yield of gold. The diggers rush backwards and forwards with feverish impatience to the latest, and then return to earlier, discoveries ; sometimes one river and then another comes into favour. Mount Alexander, the Ovens, Ballarat, and the creeks of the Turon each have their flux and re- flux ; but still the produce of the gold fields flows in and increases. In the meantime vessel after vessel, from the smallest coaster of the Pacific to the frigate ships of GREEN and DENDAS, every month discharge their living freights upon the shores of New South Wales and Victoria by tens of thousands: not emi grants from Great Britain only, but Germans, French men, and representatives of all the tribes of political exiles who are being driven forth from Europe—lta lians, Hungarians, and Poles. California has sent more then one large contingent. The New England States have contributed some of those keen adventurers who are to be found thriving in every nook of the New World, and all the Island; of the Pacific. Even the Chinese have banded together to carry on scientific gold washing, and New &a- lenders are to be found patiently working for wages under the command of ingenious settlers from the model colonies of Wellington or Canterbury. We have no data for averaging the earnings of this motley army; we only know that the average wages are sufficient to maintain and encourage some two hundred thousand men labouring at the hardest work in the world for nearly twelve hours daily, and that great prizes follow with sufficient rapidity to render this army hopeful and vigorous in their moat unpleasant toils. It is true we hear something of re-action; but there is not, and there is not likely to be, any slackening of that kind of emigration which works the gold fields as long as every ship for England brings either letters or remittances, or the fortunate finders of nuggets, to stimulate a class of men, who recently lived in weekly fear of want of work, to go out and try their fortune. It is true that the ports of the Gold Colonies, and especially Port Phillip, are crowded with discon tented emigrants, who after having most rashly transferred themselves to a country and a state of society quite unsuitable to their previous habits and tastes now fill letters with their useless complaining.. A year ago delicate-banded government and bankers' clerks, shopmen, and portly shopkeepers, were breaking up their homes under the idea of realising a fortune by a few weeks' labour or perhaps by ono lucky find. The most fashionable tailors and bootmakers at the west - end were busily employed in preparing fancy costumes for the Diggings. Every town, every village, sent its representatives, often not the wisest or most industrious. The rage began suddenly, and has continued ever since without intermission. The result was, and is, that Melbourne especially, is crowded with a houseless population, of which a large per tentage have neither the means to pro- ceed to the diggings, nor the physical power to work if they arrived there. The Camp at Chob _ little effect. When emigration began to flow so rapidly towards the United States in 1848, that re public was denounced by landlords who feared to lose their tenants, by farmers who feared to lose their labourers, by priests who feared to lose their flocks, and by the orators of New Zealand and Australian colonising companies, anxious to exalt their respec tive colonies at the expense of America. Bat it was in vain that the climate, the soil, the Lynch law the steam-boat disasters, the Lorrois of the voyage, the iniquities of Liverpool crimps and New York lodging-house keepers, were expatiated on in print and at public meetings with more or less exaggeration; the peasantry of Ireland and the mechanics of England filled the American liners, and paid no heed to the letters or statements of disappointed returned emigrants, or to the advice of employers, because they depended for their in formation on near friends who were earning good wages in the United States. And to earn good wages and get cheap land they were willing to en dure the hardships of the voyage, to risk the rob beries of the crimps. It is the same now as regards the Australian gold fields. Professional men, and men holding appointments under Government or public companies, in banks, or in shops, will think twice before they abandon the luxuries of civilisation to be come "hewers of wood and drawers of water" in Australia; but among the labouring classes the in clination to emigrate becomes stronger every day, be cause every day they are brought in closer communi cation with those of their own class who have im proved their position by venturing to the Antipodes. At a meeting called by Colonel CARTWRIGHT the other day, in Northamptonshire, to promote the use of agricultural machinery, expressly on the ground of a dearth of labour,—arising partly by emigra tion in Northampton, where boys become shoe makers instead of ploughmen, partly by emigra tion to America and Australia—he related how a man, who had been sent out a free emigrant by the Government Commissioners two years ago, had recently returned to his native country, "laid on the table of a house in the parish of Floors six hundred pounds, the produce of his work at the gold fields;" and subsequently, "after marrying a wife, again proceeded to Australia, taking with him his father, mother, and four or five brothers and sisters." The Colonel proceeded to observe that in future he should discourage emigration. But of what effect will be a country gentleman's arguments against the village story of " Jack Whopstraw's bag of gold and cart-load of relations in their new clothes riding to the railway station 4'" Now almost every rural parish can match in a minor degree the adventure at " Floors"— It is absurd to 'pretend to the working classes that there is any delusion in the accounts from Australia, for there are grave solid figures to contradict us. In a series of statistical tables lately submitted to the Melbourne Chamber of Commerce, by Mr. WEST GARTH, we find that the revenue of the Province of Victoria has increased, between 1860 and 1852, from 260,0001. to 1,570,0001.; the imports from 740,000/. to 4,000,0001. ; the exports from one million to seven millions; the population from 70,000 to 200,000; and it has since doubled. The annual rental of the city of Melbourne from 150,0001. to 600,0004 The gold exported down to the end of the year 1852 was estimated at nearly a million sterling. When we remember that all this increase is the re suit of unskilled hand labour, of a kind of labour that any ordinarily intelligent agricultural labourer can execute, we must be prepared to see Australia in favour with the em igrati g cloaca in spite of hot winds and thunderstorms, bad watea,bu,sh robberies, and all the catalogue of ills which form the staple of Aus tralian letters to newspapers. THE CORN TRADE. TO THE EDITOR OP THE EXPRESS. Sin, —Everything betokens some,perhapi consider able advance, in the price of wheat and "bread-stuffs ;" and though the enterprise and wealth of our mer chants will probably prevent—even by bringing wheat from countries scarcely known in Mark-lane —any such extreme prices as we have seen at former periods, it has become plain, even to the most pre judiced Protectionists, that, in respect of mere price, the British corn-grower can have no reasonable ground of complaint against Free Trade. Lord DERBY% tale of unlimited supplies from Tamboff and elsewhere has proved, as all dispassionate per sons knew it must prove, a myth. Save as it depends on the season, the trade of farming has become as certain and self-reliant as other businesses; and at this moment everything the farmer produces com mands a ready market and good prices. Where Oa, capital, and sound calculation have been com bined to any reasonable extent, farmers are now doing better than they have done since the high prices of the war; and without such combinations where do ' , we find prosperity in other industrial employments ? ' There is, however, much of interest at present at taching to the corn market and the season both to the consuming public and the agricultural commu nity; much to create serious thought, possibly anxiety in the one, much to try the temper and energy of the other. Consumption of food is going on at a prodigious rate, and hitherto supplies have kept pace with that consumption. But in spite of enormous importations, of wheat and flour especially, there has been no accumulations of stock. Ware houses once overwhelmed with grain are nearly empty, sad all the cargoes of foreign corn which arrive are speedily taken off by dealers and millers to go at once into consumption. ham may afford a faint idea of the miseries It is worthy of remark that for several years past they endure. At Chobham the site has been there has been little speculation in grain ; none of expressly selected and prepared for the " Tent that storing up of wheat under lock in the hope Town." The settlers are under strict discipline. A that, sooner or later, the combined effect of the railway leading to London renders the supply of land-owners' cora-law screw and a bad season,—a every necessary, and even luxury, easy. And yet prominent feature of the foreign corn trade under the grumblings, both loud and deep, are heard at Protectionist system,—would produce famine prices. Chobham, in the tents, by officers and privates thrown Now that trade is in the most wholesome state, most for the first time upon their own resources to pro- transactions are effected in cash, and bills and other vide many things which they have been in the habit kinds of factitious credit are carefully eschewed. of obtaining by purchase without a thought. We Gradually and slowly there has been a growing con may imagino what must be the condition of a viction that there most be in this country a oonsi body of men, women, and children three times as derable demand for more than ordinary quantities of numerous as the army at Chobham, without the foreign grain in the course of the ensuing year; ' order or restraint of discipline, dependent for sup- and that conviction acting en the minds of plies on a small unpaved, unlighted, unpoliced the foreign corn merchants will assuredly go town, during an unusually cold rainy season• far to procure the supplies we shall need, but not We have only to imagine the same number of without a rise of prices greater than we have lately emigrants encamped round Southampton, with the been accustomed to. It is this power on the part of gas and water pipes cut off, and the streets broken the merchants to act in anticipation of future demand, up—to understand the sufferings of the goldrhunting to make their arrangements from time to time as the emigrants on the banks of the Yam-Yarn. But probabilities and character of the anticipated demand although it is easy to conceive that hundreds of become gradually unfolded, which constitutes one of those who embarked with glowing expectations the many advantages we derive .from an open trade would be only to) glad to return to their former in corn. The effect is twofold; arrangements are made position in England, we must not cheat ourselves by our merchants for future imports, and foreign into the belief that during any period which we growers and merchants make preparations for the de have grounds to foresee, the labouring population of mend they expect to arise in the best market of the this country and Australia are likely to be disgusted world. In stating, therefore, what seems, from with a country or a pursuit in which wages far above a somewhat extended inquiry, to be the rather European average are to be earned by men to whom doubtful prospects of the coming harvest, nothing but labour is no hardship, and where every week brings good service is done to the consumers. Against any forth some instance of remarkable good fortune. undue holding back of their corn on the part of The employers of labour here, who fear a rise of farmers the exigencies of husbandry at this time wages if emigration continues, and the employers and in the present season are sufficient guarantees. of shepherds and herdsmen in the colonies, The last harvest and autumn were so wet that agree very cordially in their denunciation of before the grain had been carried the greater part of the now pursuit which touches their pockets. the heavy soils had become too much saturated with But we may learn from past experience moisture to be sown with wheat. Bean land and that such denunciations produce marvellously • summer follows would not bear horse or plough, and even clover legs, which in most wet seasons can be got ready for wheat, became wholly unmanageable. Throughout November, December, and January, pelting pitiless rain continued, day after day and week after week, so that all the low-lying lands were flooded, and large tracts, never before known to be liable to floods, remained under water for weeks to gether. February also was a wet month; and in March, when farmers hoped, at all events, to sow tome spring wheat and make preparation fur Lent corn, avow and frost occurred for so long a time as to entirely destroy the hopes of hundreds for the present year. During April a good deal of land was sown with wheat as well as spring corn, and it speaks well for tho activity of our farmers that so much laud was planted in a comparatively short time. The war against nature was however an unequal one. Lai ge breadths of the autumn-sown wheat were so damaged by the wet and insects as to be wholly valueless, and in many instances were ploughed up, while a good deal of the wheat sown in the spring proved to be too late to produce even moderately good crops. Tho latter part of April and all May proved dry yet cold, and the sodden land became so hard as to be absolutely un workable. Everywhere land, which according to usual routine should have been ploughed up last autumn, re mained unbroken until the recent rains, presenting a mass of weeds and foulness sufficient to make the stoutest-hearted farmer despond. More lately rain has again fallen in rather unwelcome abundance, which proves too late for any thing more than pre parations for next year. The result has been that from one-third to one-fourth of the land coming this year in course for wheat has not been sown at all, and a considerable but less easily defined extent of land actually sown with wheat cannot under the most favourable circumstances produce more than half a crop. It is true that some of the wheat land has I been sown with barley, but though that may aid the farmer, it will not assist the supply of bread corn. Now it is impossible that this state of our crops should not affect prices, and nothing but the confidence the public have in the powers of free com merce to supply the wants of the consumers can ac count for the mederate rates, and, until lately, the inactive state of our corn markets. Neither does the weather on the Continent seem to be better than here. Thus, Messrs. P. LAZARDE, AINE, and Co., of Nantes, in their circular of the 11th of June, say—" The weather continues very wet. The growing wheat is so tender, after nearly three months of rain and low temperature, that serious tears are entertained that it may be burnt up by the sun at the first summer's heat." And similar discouraging accounts have been received from other parts of the Continent. Abroad and at home all aro watching the weather with the greatest anxiety, and the corn market is mainly influenced by variations of rain and sunshine. Mean while our own vast consumption is going on undi minished. Mr. ItonEror NEviss, in his " Corn Cir cular" of the 11th instant, says, "The unsettled state of political affairs causes a great deal of chatter; but save that it prevents the Greek merchants from forcing sales, as is their wont, I do not think it has had as yet any real effect on the value of grain. It is consumption so enormous that sweeps away supply so enormous. There is no speculative feeling which can induce importers to face granary charges. It is the march of consumption, consequent on the march of prosperity of the country, which takes off everything, leaving stocks as bare as we know them to be." ' And he refers to the largely increased importation of corn and other provisions during the present year over that of the corresponding period of last year as proof of the growing amount of consumption. It is certain, too, that the produce of our own crops last year was very large, though from the wet har vest the quality of the corn was inferior ; still, mixed with dry wheat of the previous yearend with foreign corn,it has afforded a large portion of the supply required by our well-paid population. With the wide world open to us for the purchase of corn, there is no fear that prices, though likely to be higher than of late, will rise sufficiently to affect materially the welfare of consumers. But how will It fare with farmers who lack the capital requisite be good farming? The farmers who have stock will do well this season, for the profits on live stock will more than compensate them for the inferiority of their wheat, and the work now in arrear they will soon overtake by means of a few extra horses. Indeed the present high price at which farm horses are selling is in a great degree attributable to the demand caused by our best farmers 1 1 requiring at this time more horse labour this usual. With such men the time lost through the unfavourable season will be speedily recovered, and they will reap an ample reward from the year's operations. As an instance of the advantage of stock to the farmer, a spirited tenant farmer says that the profit on his sheep daring the present season will pay all his rent, rates, and taxes for a year and a haLf. And the fertility such a flock has imparted to the land will probably afford indirectly in the next year still greater returns. Where, however, the farmers depend principally or solely on their grain crops, and are without other means than such aathey have engaged in their busi ness, they will be severely tried by the difficulties of the present season. They have no stock to fall back upon, and their grain cropscannot be very productive, while more than their ordinary expenditure will be re quired to put their farms in the ordinary condition for next year. No one must, therefore, be surprised to see some agricultural distress during next year, on the part of the occupiers of inferior farms, concurrently with much spirited and profitable en terprise by farmers of sufficient capital.—Yours, A MIDLAND COUNTIES FARMER. STROUD ELECTION. (DY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.) STROUD, JUNE 28. Mr. Horsman was returned without opposition. WHITE TROUSERS. A circular letter from the Adjutant-General, dated Horse Guards, 27th June, 18d3, says:—" The use of white linen trousers by general and staff officers is henceforth to be discontinued within the United Kingdom, as well as in the North American colonies, and the blue and Oxford mix ture trousers, prescribed by the regulations, are to be worn throughout the year, with the dress and undress uniform respectively." [Surely the private soldier will now be relieved from the injurious nuisance of white trousers also. What is good for general and staff officers must be good for men also.] MR. HANNAY'S LECTURES. Last night the third of Mr. Hannay's lectures on Satirical Literature, was delivered at the Literary Institution in Edwards-street. The subject included early European satire, Boileau, Butler, and Dryden. Boileau, as the oracle of French literary men until the period of the Restoration (and of the Reformation as regards literature in France), was made the occasion for introducing some excellent criticism of the classical and conventional forms of art. Butler was treated both as the satirist belonging to the cavalier party, and as the satirical observer of human weaknesses in general ; and the lecturer ended with an admirable " appreciation" (as the French say) of the character and compositions of Dry den, the father of English satire in that form through which it has become most celebrated. The next lecture is announced for Tuesday, the Itk July, and is to be devoted to the satires of Pope, Swift, and Churchill. ADMIRALTY, JUNE 28.—ArrommtENTs.—Mastera, 0. Willi►ms, to Bpi's/. ; and It. C. White, to Miranda. Second Muter J. H. Ryas, to Nybt 'le. J. O. (lowland and 8. C. Tracey, to be Masters Assistants. TURKEY. Letters from the Lower Danube speak of further preparations made by the Russians for crossing the Ottoman frontier. The Czar appears to count ou the adherence of the Ilospodar of Itloldavis, for accounts from Jassy, of the 17th, state that the Russian Consul-General had called on Prince Ghika to hold himself in readiness to provide for the seem modotion of Russian troops. Thus the arch enemy of all revolutionists does not hesitate to summon the subject of a neighbouring monarch to violate his duty to his sovereign. It is statecVthat on the 11th instant detachments of Russian soldiers began to arrive at Skulent, a t own of Bessarabia a little to the north of Jassy. The official Austrian Correspondence contains as article on the Russo-Ottoman difficulty. The writer, distinguishing between the substance and the form of the Russian demands, argues that, " the first and ' most important concession has been granted by the firmans respecting the holy places, and the later fi emits assuring the communities of the Oriental church, se that only the formnl side of the question terrain; to be settled," as if the form of the Porte'e engagement were not the esseneo of the dispute. The article con. eludes with the statement —" lnere is reason to ex pect that a suitable expedient will he found for re. moving the remaining formal difficulties withoutpre. judiee to the dignity or interests of either party.' FRANCE. PARIS, TUESDAY EVENtn. On the 14th inst. the French fleet left its anchorage at Tenedos to join that of England in Besika Bay ; the former consisted of 9 vessels of various sizes and 3 steamers. The Turkish army was being concentrated around Adrianople ; the Soraskier was about to leave Con. stantinople, accompanied by several generals. 'fhe feast of tho Ramazan had commenced, but the works were not interrupted on that account, The GovernruCnt of King Otho has decided on arming three men-of•vvar, to be employed for the pro. tcction of Greek subjects in the Levant, in case of the occurrence of hostilities. Tho Sleek, professing to speak on the information of a well-informed person just arrived from London, says that Lords Aberdeen and Clarendon, and Mr. Gladstone, ashamed of having allowed th emse l ves to be deceived by Baron lirunow, are now so furious against Russia, that Lord Palmer,- ton's policy appears pale in comparison. Nes selrodc's circular, it says, is spoken of in ministerial circles in London in terms such as the respect due to a foreign government with whom France is not at war, forbids the insertion of in a journal. The Siecle anticipates that Lord Clanricarde's motion will be carried unanimously. The Constitu tionnel, however, observes that news from St. Petersburg, of a date poster . or to that of the in structions alluded to by the Siede, leads to the con clusion that if full powers were at one time given to Prince Menchikoff to act without referring to St. Petersburg, those powers have been withdrawn. The news from Jassy therefore, although of ,so recent a date as the 17th, iu no res pect changes the situation before surmised to exist, namely, that that Count Neaselrode's letter crossed the ircalt l of the Sultan, and that the refusal of the Porte to accept the ultimatum, which might have been led to amore decisive attitude on the part of Rus sia had it been pure and aim ple,completely changed its character when it was found preeededbyconcessions which, in the view of the Porte,ought to give Russia every guarantee she could equitably demand. Under such circumstances the orders sent to the hospodara, although not to be passed over without notice, must not be considered as conclusively showing that the provinces will be occupied by Russia. But, even supposing that the occupation does take place, it seems that Turku- has decided to protest, and not to make it a casus Belli immediately. The Eurotas has arrived at Marseilles a day be. hind time. According to the Pays she delayed her departure from the 13th to the 16th, in order to wait for the answer of the Divan to the Russian ultimatum, but it is suspected that the delay is attributable to defects in the packet, which is one of the worst be longing to the company of the Messageries Nationales. I The letters and papers brought by this boat will not be distributed till late this evening, or to-morrow morning. The telegraphic despatches received by the organs of the government confirm the reports in various quarters that the Porte will not engage in an armed contest immediately upon the invasion of the Danubian principalities. She will confine herself to protesting, and declaring all negotiation impossible during the occupation. This conduct will be at once dignified and pacific, but in order to pre serve the peace of the world, it will be more than ever necessary for the allies of the Sultan to assume a determined attitude. It is evident that it will cost the self-love of Russia more ;having once crossed the Pruth, to withdraw her forces without gaining any point, than it would now to abstain from sending them there. The Bourse has shown some symptoms of alarm to-day. It opened brilliantly. For the first quarter of an hour it seemed to be agreed by common consent that the Eastern question might be considered as in a fair way of arrangement, and the beautiful weather of yester day and to-day served to stay the anxiety which has lately been felt with regard to the coming harvest. But shortly after the opening of the Bourse vague rumours of an unfavourable nature began to circu late, and it was soon found that all the principal brokers were receiving orders to sell. Under the influence of an uneasy feeling a fall set in and conti nued to the close. f he Threes fell nearly three quarters of a franc, and all other securities, although the fusion railway lines resisted the movement for some time, followed in the wake. The ToLlonais, of the 24th says: " The lena of-battle ship is still is the roadstead, expecting the order to sail for the Levant, and join the French squadron there. The three-decker Souverain has just had her masts fixed, and it is believed that orders will arrive to have her fitted out at once." The Princess Csernicheffs, wife of the Minister of War of Russia, and her son, arrived at Lyons two days ago on their way to Cauterets to take the waters. The son, who, though only fifteen years of age, is aide-de-camp of the Czar, was taken ill shortly before arriving, and in consequence, the princess intends to stay some days in Lyons. Five Italian refugees, who were concerned in the last disturbances of Milan, arrived at Havre on San day, and left shortly after for London. The favourable condition of tho Railway share market reported as existing yesterday has not been maintained, a decline having taken place to-day in the value of that description of security, in shares in the Orleans and Paris sad Lyons lines to the amount. of 13f. ; in Northerns of 10f., and Paris and Strati bourgs 7f. Western of France and Lyons to the Mediterranean shares, however, were better sup ported, and had both advanced of. at the close of business. Final quotations: Northerns, 84+7.30; Orleans, 1,063 ; Paris and Strasbourg, 903.30 ; Paris and Lyons, 1) 10 ; Paris and Rouen, 1,033 ; Lyons to the Mediterranean, 740; Western of France, 733. DENMARK. The government bill for settling the succession to the crown of Denmark was read a third time and passed by the Diet on Friday, the 24th inst. The government has thus at length carried its point, and Russia gains as much at the Sound as it seems to be losing at the Bosphorus. SPAIN. The JLub•id Graeae of the 22nd contains royal decrees accepting the resignation, by M. Bermudez de Castro, of the Ministry of Finance, appointing M. Louis Pastor his successor, and naming M. Cal deron de la Bann and M. Moyano Ministers of Foreign .%ffitirs at.d Public Works. Before the nomination of M. Calderon de la Ilarca to the Minis try of Foreign Affairs, General Zarco del Valle was named, but he declined to accept the post. Doubts were expressed by some persons whether M. de Is Barra, who represents Spain at Washington, will not imitate the example of M. Ayllon, the Spanish minister at Vienna, who, under similar circumstances, declined the portfolio of Foreign Affairs at Madrid. At present General Lersundi's cabinet has not boasted a foreign minister. According to the Xfcioit, the retirement of the late Finance Minister was preceded by a very gl (1.