The Express. — London, England, 1851-01-28 00:00:00

IthtetT MTV • Y APTER•IO4I% WILL RR PUBLISBILD, TH E EXIIIISIT1()N EXPREbti, Was of • Pally Morning DoNableC Paper, Pbt. v flint EL. Costdsing postfaie Int, mato, relative I. tbe Liilloll.oN OP 1511, Obeco, Pfuogevto, latendrd Coates% Aresttgelneele. Me.- treats, Pewee., pa tail future. Thy 1.6 011.7 of protons toomsted in the fortiumillut Great Ish.u.tion of the Redd's ladvstry beam= bolter, nail no easithetory retire. ot•tirc in the grew —ao Pepe? sufficiently bor. and with Ineconsism tonspreberisive ennugh to synth and exempitfy the fa bemuse el with fulnevo w rtO•• f no grand an evert—the proprietors of tre EIPRE•et have detenalsed won beats:, every Saturday afternoon, a double sheet of that p per, to ohtsia the Stiled and latest for *motion relative be the liztoloa 0. thetether w.e, a trim of other matter hat to the wh.t.tude of pumas Interested either es poets; sad = " 4olorolttersen cid faltlarke, Wasters of pr•vineial travelling dabs, est.:Woe., friendei of exhositres. rirs's ol eat:deb" sad the Wager an t i wider etre , of %hove who sm to be the hat:dm:la of Ihnomnds of 'Sato • •tx the ontripolis during thy forthcoming Con ✓OW of ledustry of so. Satins. Is edditimo to everything Moues Is Or iii,a•Altrok this Sollide sheet will give resent woo sod will, neptuial.) attend to all wining mote to Ingram', meow, taint Or everyday Peen . . ;stork, the prim of the EXPRESS MU be Ilicorsar, r be A DVER7I‘m 71ff pat "dr der LIIIIIAIWN WORM ai a median soffit beavidiethe aleietteeta adeardessatas mast be at the ogle. ts Wb 'Ugrian at or beton *bib tala ilMialeg -A et & /Way, to secure aisetuou ta the oast ed lfti baserieyder. Mae-Amt. gite ergortoo. TO CORRIMPONDENTS. Mowrelmooublawmlol kr .. ma MIMM" LAMM Twain; PIM. tart lw al IM ghla." I*, 110•Tediditrift. b Two o'olook us Ow iloy et pbalowWw. RIGS WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tap Das—Motaisc I Ih. 22...—....A11enr" 1116 Na. 11Fraaso. M. On. ......./hrinrss. LONDON, TUESDAY, JANUARY 28. Ms appointment of Mr. STDMIT Buz to the meat puuc, jegeship of the Cape of Good Hope, at a time wh. n the elevation of Mr. BRAND, the learned heed o the heal bar, to its bench was almost universally dte:red in the settlement, and was looked forward to as a test of Lad GRZT'S disposition towards the cll^ny, is, we most say, an unfortunate reep , ,isio to the first wish t xpres-ed by the colonists in their appeal from their local to the imperial go veromeht—to overlook and forget the past and all its pooderoue err... is—to avoid discussion as to who may have been richt, who wrong, in the succession of Care outbreaks that have brought inch heavy En on the cqlony generally, and such deep 'modal on its Fo remast:oo lasso to posterity and to history decision and jail:intent tia their anti-c invict proxediors—and, through a frier 'ly sittlement of present differences, to secure the means of a loyal, a prosperous, and a dependent future. But although this is their strongest desire, and was, it is and-rstood, their fore most instruction to the two gentlemen appointed to represent them to the home government, and although it will be entirely the fault of the Colonial-office if its enormous bygone ewers be again made the subject of public or parliamentary discuseion, it is scarcely possible for us here in Eng land securately to c =prebend the question now at issue between the Cape colonists and the Cape go vernment, without having a general notion of the progress of gov.-rnment in South Attica. From 1806, when, after having restored the Cape to the Dutch at the peacoat Amiens, we retook the colony, down to 10430,its I- cal government was so far despotic as to b: rrup.nsible only to the Culonial-offioe. I a gore more, %Molded by councils, were its law makereand law odesinistrators. When, however,from 1819,a et ream of British immigration poured into the settlement, this form of government, which the Dutch, thee feel tag themselves to be a conquered race, had cared little about, became oppressive and repressive to colonists whose minds were imbued with a sense of liberty even higher than that they had left behind them; they ac cordingly evi , ced by their conduct their traditional hostility to the abenistiss that surrounded them; they spike freely of it; they attempted to print freely about it. That attempt brought on a crisis; the free dom of the prcrie was assailed by the colonial autho rities; its conductors toe:cup-in appealed to the im perial goverment ; and owing very mach to the exer tions of Mr. ALEXANDRA BARING, afterwards Lord ASHBURTON, Mr. iirokliSON, when colonial mere tory, lsid the foundation of the Cape's future fret dma by placing its press beyond the control or interference ',arbitrary government.. The press, having gained freedom, set resolutely about diffusing and extending political information ; so succesefully, that ere the lapse of five years, the despotism of the Cape government gave way, and the Colonbil• office in De 30 root out to the eulogy a delu sive cooititution to replica absolute authority. Under it, hi/W.l'lon was confided to a council of thirteen 'perilous.; oven ernsasti , .g of they chief executive functional ies ; six of colonists to bo nominated by the governor, who in its proceedings possessed two votes. The official members being all bound to vote with tbu governor, he (bi their votes) had a permanent and continently attending majority, sad arr. in lay the delusiou of the constitution of 1830. To 'mitigate its crossness, however, it was provided that to constitute a clued!, the e xi-t, lice, not the attenet.tice, of three non-official members should be summary; a provision which in its earlier career was e matter of no difficulty, though now it has become the (+fel security of the colonists. Such a legislative council soon turned out to be a mew machine for clothing arbitrary power in the garb et constitutionalism. Its proceedings were conducted in secrecy ; until one day a body of the eolonists knocked at its doors and asked for admission ; wherenpor , with equal cowardice and falseh ood, they were told that the doors had never been closed. l'ublicity brought its natural reset . ,; the press reported the proceedings; the non official members of council grow unpopular; their unpopoliriey soon made them conscious of and dis gusted wine the mockery of their position ; resigna tions took place; new members grew scarcer and scarcer ; the colony was ransacked for men who would assume responsibility without enjoying the power of doing good ; it became more ant more difficult legally to constitute a council ; and thus the constitution of 1810 stumbled on a source of annoyance and per plexity to the governor, even though all powerful under it, of irritation, alienation, opposition, and agi• talon to the colonists, and of small real benefit to the colony. 8n all brnefit we my ; for in the years 1830-50 there arc undoubtedly some measures of real service which popular discus.ion and agitation forced on the adoption of the legislative enticed; and they - - form the foundation whereon to erect something rational and stable than the constitution of 1830. For, in the midst of all their struggles and difficulties the liberal .party in the Cape never lost sight of laying down a broad and comprehensive educational system, of connecting Cape Town with the distant provinces by means of good roads, of placing these roads and ether local affairs under the protection of local mini. sipalities; sad of at least substituting a policy in the treatment of the Coffees, for the ignorance, vacillation, and raithirmneas that I.ad previously characterised the dealings of the local government towards that race. And in all these great and important objects May have been more or less suceesefal. Calling in the aid of Sir lons Hrasatett, an educational system is now in operation throughout the colony such as the mother country might envy; by its means the rising Dutch settlers have almost ' universally learnt English, and become English in feeling; the Hottentots, the rewrote, and the Malays have to-en elevated to intelligent labourers, and the differences of races are perhaps less felt in the Caps than in any other country where they prevail By means of public works, municipalities have been or ganised, and are accustomine the inhabitants to that most precious of all arta—the art of self-government. Posts are established between the seat of government sod all the twenty-one provinces; inns are now to be found on all the newly-constructed roads; every village has its school ; not an interior town or part but has its journal and its bank; the export of wool is doubling every three years, and improving even more rapidly in quality and trade and military roads arc penetrating into the distant Orange Soso reigaty, where already a future capital is founded. Well, before this intellectual, social, political, and material progress, the delusive constitution of 1830 has given way, lust as absolutism did before free die enesion. It had for years been going; it has at last It had long been growing neater and weaker,. is 1842 Lcrd STANLEY mule, in his famous despatch dated April 15, a desperate effort to pat it firmly on he legs again, in vain ; his arguments to prove that flee Cape was not fit for an elective system of govern ment only convinced the colonists more firmly than before that to be safe, they must have one; and, when Lord Om assumed the weight and the toe- tare of colonial affairs, it had become spparent that the legislative con cil would tumble to pecks on ofe very firs shake. S accordingly ,on the 2nd November, t 1816, he bid o, Sir HARRY Suteit turn his attention to the collection of sheletiele for eon structieg semethieg better rend more etable. It is a simple se: f pis ire to sey shot neither Lord Gaze nor Sir HARRY Smut MmVinbited any attachment to the cocetitution of 1830, Which Lord STARLET souebt to perpetuate; stkeiLwhen the Chief at home and the Chiet in the colony condemned it, that constitution had rot, we may be sure, many friends in subordinate functionaries. Accordingly HARRY, in July, 1848, was able to seed Earl GREY home minutes from Chief Justice WILDE, from the late excellent Jostles Masztze, from Mr. Justice Mosnaeve, from Attorney-General Powza, from Se cretary MONTAGU (en excellent administrator, but tin arbitrary legislator), from Mr. Tressunir RIVERS, and from Mr. Auditor FIELD, all equally condemna tory of it, and in various degrees contributing a host of suggestions towards an elective substitute. These documents Earl GREY referred to the consi deration of a committee of the Privy Council at home ; and in January, 1830, it made en elaborate report to the QUEEN, also condemning the old consti tution, preparing the outlines of a new one, and re commending that the details should be filled up in the colony. On this rep ort EMI GREY acted without TO servatios or hesitation. The day after its presenta tion to the QUEEN he despatched it with his vene tian to Sir HARRY SMITH, promising to forward the necessary letters patent from the crown to enable the Legislative Council to act upon it, and directing him, in the meantime, to prepare for the consideration of that council the details as to the machinery of elec tions, the franchise, and other particulars of that sort. S.x months previously, however, in July, 1849, a crisis had occurred in the career of the Legislative Conseil. Five out of the six non-official members had resigned, and Sir HARRY SMITH found the very greatest difficulty in procuring any parlous, compe tent or incompetent, who would consent to succeed them. At last he was able to re-compose the council. But scarcely had he done so, when the unfortunate ship Neptune with its cargo of convicts appeared in Simon's Rey. In the pacific rebellion that followed, the Legible tiers Council was again dissolved by the resignation ct fire nos-official members ; and on the arrival of the QUERN'S letters patent empowering the council to frame, within certain limits, a constitution, Sir HARRY SMITH was reduced to this dilemma—no one would accept at his hands the vacant seats in the Legisla tive Council. Sir HARRY, who is full of fine points of character, met this emergency like a frank and generous soldier; he asked the colonists to recommend, by election through their municipalities, five gen tlemen in whom they had confidence; and these he would appoint their nominees. The colony responded to this request; and of the five so recom mended, Sir HARRY SMITH appointed four, viz., Mr. FAIRIAIRS, Sir ANDREAS Srocitutsraom, Mr. BRAND, and Mr. Mere. Thus the Legislative Colleen was re-constituted; it met; the letters patent were opened and read; the wise liberality of their contents at once surprised and delighted the popular representatives. They then requested the officiel members to lay before the council those details of which Earl GREY, by his despatch of 31st January, 1850, bad directed the pre paration ; when it appeared that the colonial govern ment had no details to offer, and that Lord GREY'S instructions bad been neglected. 'this omission, not unnaturally, created suspicion es to the a ocerity of the official members of council. However, the Report of the Privy Council was taken into consideration; some progress was made, not always in a liberal sense, towards the preparation of details: in short, the work was seriously and earnestly, if not quite matisbutorily in hand,when down came Sir HARRY buten one morning; and, throwing seven draft ordi nances ;on ordinary subjects of legislation, but none of pressing importance, requested that the considera tion of the constitution might be suspended until those ordinances, one at least of which seems to have been a gross job, were pulsed. To this strange request the four popular representa tives a: once demurred; they had been chosen speci ally to enable the Legislative Council to prepare the constitution ; an 4 to its preparation they resolved to limit their labour, in the council. Sir HARRY pressed his draft ordinances; they resisted ; days were spent in fruition discussion; on divisions the official mem bers left the popular members in a minority ; until, at last, wearied out by official pertinacity, and seeing that they had as a class no real power, the four popular members, amidst the applause of the coluny,re.igned ; theLegislativeCouucil thereby again ceased to axis'; and how it is to be resuscitated heaven only knows. Hiving resigned, the four popular representatives assembled in the Town-hall of Cape Town ; and there, surrounded by a sympathising, attentive and orderly audience, proceeded with the deliberations which bad been so mischievously interrupted in the council chamber. '!'hero they prepared sixteen articles as the beads of the proposed constitution within Lord GREY'S limits; submitted them to the colonies gene ally ; and by at least seven-eighths of the entireporn lation they have been approved and sanctioned. These articles were published in the Express some time since, and it is to advance the propositions therein contained —to assist in forming a constitution for the Cape on their basis—and thereby to carry out the QUEEN'S letters patent, that Mr. FAIRSAIRN his already been sent over by the colony, and that be will soon be followed by Sir ANDREAS STOCEENSTROM. in deputing these two gentlemen, one great objet' of the colonists has been to be assured that the Colonial Secretary fully under stands their wants and wishes ; for there is a belief in the colony that wants and wishes so reasonable, so legal, and so compatible with continued dependency and connexion, will not be refused or rejected by the Quarles government, if it be fully and fairly in formed on the subject. The attitude into which Sir HARRY Saint and Mr. Secretary Mosereou (whose`, services to the colony we do not wish to disparage, even when con demning his recent conduct) have forced the colonists, has been deliberately and solemnly wanted. A free parliament of their own they are resolved to have : if possible, generously conceded by Earl GREY; if not, extorted from him. And until a free parliament they have, ordinary legislation, under mockery of 1830, they are determined shall not be inflicted on the colony. now WE have heard rumours of what the CHANCELLOR of the F.:minium may do, if he can persuade parlia ment to share hie views. Nothing , howevet , is certain. But if even more than a million as to be given up, to get rid of the window duty, there is stills margin Left to deal with certain articles of customs and excise. Tea, we could dilate upon, and certainly the temptation to reduce the duty on it, might tempt any financier that seeks to rival the fame of Pen.. The Excise, however, is full of crying injustice, and we really cannot allow the wagon to open without recapitulating aid pointing out some of its most crying abuses. -• Let us take, for example, paper and soap, the duties on which, though they do produce upwards of half a million, nevertheless contain all that is objectionable in taxation. They weigh on articles of plies necessity, they are most vexatious and inquisitorial in their opera tion, injurious to the manufacturers, directly en couraging to fraud, highly expensive and trouble some to collect, they are injurious to our foreign trade: they both circumscribe the profitable employ- , ment of the labour of the people ; they both together produce the government an amount of revenue which is , quite insufficient to warrant excise restrictions upon manufactures each as those which the collection of these duties of necessity entails. These duties are also meat unequal in their operation. They both fall in the largest &pee upon those who can least afford to pay . them. The dut y . upon paper being levied according to its weight, falls in the largest proportion upon the coarser sorts of paper*, a Inch, whilst they' are the lowest in value, are of necessity the heaviest. The d upon soap being levied without reference to gnality 'falls of course with the greatest weight upon tthose soaps which are lowest in price, and which are maimed by those who can least afford to pay the ditties at all, and to whom the use of soap is of the greatest importance both for the preservation of health and the encouragement of cleanliness. L That thee, two duties are most oppressive upon t bade we will prove by an unquestionable fact. . Whilst the consumption of both paper and soap has L been increasing in this country, the number of the , makers of both articles has been rapidly diminishing. Take the paper manufacture. The following is an r THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 28, 1851. account of the number of paper manufactoeies during elusively of mesons not belonging to the legislative !a .. ! the last 30 peas, showing • progressive and con- body. He demand ed whether this proceeding on ; ' tinsel decline, the part o f the executive power was incidental 01 Year. In Entente Is Great Britain. f or part of a system. If the ministry were in 1821 .• 1811 .370 tone is not always to at ewer with su ffi cient distinct- m' • 473 1 i •ira .... • :38i Here ism* account ot the soap trade:— ness. He would now ask the government to what it : was leading them, and to whom, He then entered into ,i; In 1833 there were 262 Ikensed makers in England. From au examination of the origin t f the ministry, and Z: 18183 bi 11143,304 new woken took oat liesmu. Total 566. A call.. upon the ministers to explain the nature of the !s , 01 then only about 173 ate tow at work; whilst 333 have fail.d, or withdrawn with various amounts of less! policy which they intended to follow ; for it was not tee that ' enough to reassure alarmed and uncertain minds re Both these trades, therefore, have been suffering taxation, and intensely from the pressure of excise they were persona unknown to the Chamber or the in • which must have contributed to the ruin ot hundreds.. country. He askedit the genealogyof the cabinet was to e That these duties give rise to fraud there is no ex- besought in the mes s ag e of 0 c t . 31 cr of Nov. 12. He w tine officer who will venture to deny. A return was called in question the seriousness of the attempts made it to form a ministry p as o members of the Assem- N published by the House of Commons last session My, and assigned as proofs of the insincerity tt giving a long list e fraudulent paper manuracturers, tome of whom had been heavily fined , some impri- of the tegotistion entered into wi'h this ob- w soned ; whilst in other cases compromises had been ject the fact of M. Ways.' having been summoned u from Lille by the telegraph on the fame day that M. I , made, or the offenders had absconded. It so nume - Lean F.-ocher was charged with the mission of form- I roue were the discovered cases of fraud, how much ing a cabit et ; so that even the English papers were 0 • larger may we not suppooe to have been the case. able to predict that a cabinet would be formed in dt which escaped detection. But let us hear what a large paper maker, Mr. T. B. CHOU'roe, says oa this the way in which it had turned out. With respect to a • ' head: the policy which the ministry intended to follow, he P e " Such," says he, "are the facilities for frau 1 arising out wanted to know if the government intended to apply • of this tax, sad the mode in which it is levi.d, that Ike the electoral law of 31st May to all elections, or to ( - temptation to art dishonettly becomes absolutely irresistibla exempt the election ot the President from this ap- t - The Excise duty on the lower descriptions of paper emotes plication. c e in some sues to as mock as 120 per cent. on the cost of pre- Such was the substance of M. Tranchere's speech, s ductioa, and, as is well known to every practised mantarse which was written. He was listened to with marked ' e ta, the evaelon of this euty is so easy, that. provided I, th e tfficer of Excise is is collusion with the Wats• favour by the majority, and in religion silence. M. it (adorer, it sisounta almost to imposs:bility of dr Royer, Minister of Justice, rose, on the part of 1 ... teetion. Nor is the improbability of this collusisc the government, to reply. His answer was t so great as may be imagined. Look at the pmitim short, and couched in a conciliatory tone. He of one of these men with • net salary ot certainly not mo re raid that the government understood by the , a the. 30s. • week, who has to be the guardian of rescues pendenee of the two towers mentioned • a which, in tome individual casts, amounts to 20,0001. • sem. inde ra Why, when a present of 501. may scsire the object and aid in the message, and commented on with so mach ' • so much to the resources of each par , y it is not difficult to distrust, nothing at variance with what had been ;.see that such a temptation to a fraud, herb on t - 9 revenge , and the honest trader, may break down the probity boil as of laid down by the c distitu!.ior, their separation in fact. He w exceedingly explicit in his declaration that the poor trader and the excise officer. 1. It •only little while that d t is a agoa correspon en the ministry was essentially transitory, and meant ' to be nothing else. It was a cabinet of administra iP sent us the following statemen t : , i ,lion, not a political cabinet—a cabinet of transition, A papa maker here lately had en • visit to him e• I"' conductin g in the shortest delay to a definitive • --: mansfecturer who informed him that he bow of an 1,1 instates where a paper maker took a contract to make paper cabinet. tee in Ireland that weighed 18 lbs. per ream, and upon some- M. Mathieu de la Dr6me having spoken, the whole to irquiry that was eel on foot, it was dimmest' that it only Right voted the close of the eebate. L y paid duty on 8 lbs. • ream. This accounts for Irish paper The 286 held a meeting on Saturday night in the Id being so cheap in the London market, rooms of the Cozad d' Etat. H. Lacrosse took the a- In the soap trade the frauds are so glaring that c hair. M. de Mostalembere in a speech which marks they absolutely are boldly perpetrated under the eyes him as a decided supporter of the policy of Louis r of the Excise. Whilst the manufactured soap is taxed, Napoleon, called upon M. Leon Faucher to explain t ' s the combination of grease and alkali, which is soap, the part which Le took in the uegociatious for the d is not taxed. The cons' queue has been that in all mane- formation of a new ministry. 31. Leon Faucher, 0: factures in which washing and scouring preemies are answering with much reserve, said that his task se required, it was found necessary some yeats ago to h a d be e n rendered di ffi cult by the vote of the )y repeal the soap duty, so far as related to soap used in 18th of January, which made much delibe - I . those manufactures. The other day we visited a ration necessary before the definitive compoei [r large passed manufactory in London. Returning from it, lion of a new government. There was nothing, Ire we a shop established for the sale of " WASH - therefore, surprising in the formation of a provisional INC Lioele," for which a prospectus said that "there ministry, and it lay in the hands of the Assembly to i t was a great and daily increasing popular demand." bring this state of transition to an end by reconatitut he This Watling Liquid contained nothing but the con- ing the majority on common principles. Being quer , d stituent parts of soap in imperfect combination. It is tined as to his intention of explaining himself io the On " strongly recommended for its effects upon linen, to Assembly, he professed him• elf ready if the debate he which it gives a moot brilliant whiteness, and is also should oblige him to do so. He deprecated all aggra tis said "to be used by ladies at their toilette; a table• vation of the schism in the majority, and said it was . 0• spoonful being ufficient to soften a hard boson of their duty instead of throwing away the scabbard to , 0 _ water." " Sold in half-pint, pint, and quart bottles sheathe the sword. MM. Baroche, Fould, Darn, ~, at the depot." Buffet, and Banchart were present Bat this is an indirect fraud. Let us glance at the i A meeting of the Burgraves took place also yester -00 direct frauds in the soap trade. It is a well known . day at M. Mole's. H. liovyn-Trancielre was invited. ii. fact that the illicit manufacture of soap, and especially M. Odillon ;Barret was not present. The nature en of soft soap, is enormous. One circumstance will :of the vault, as to parliamentary form, proposed by „. prove it. Whilst from 1831 to 1841 the consumption , the interpellations weich comes on to-day, is not dia ls:- of flax increased 45 per cent., of cotton 62 per cent., ' tinctly known. The 'object will be to prove that it of of iron, 40 per cent., of timber 36 per cent ; whilst i s eas y t o f orm a parliamentary cabinet out of the KY the population increased 14 per cent., and the number majority, and to force Louis Napoleon to terminate • of hailer's (which shows the wealth of the people) 18 di- the provisional state of things. , 00 per cent—the use of soap which paid duty only It is said that General Aupick has been recalled re increased at the rate of 26 per cent. It will be from Constantinople to take the portfolio of war in ail admitted that the English are not less cleanly the cabinet which is to succeed M. Wayes and his ,e 0 People out of doors than they a r e in their colleagues. General Magnan is spoken of as likely to workhouses: it will be thought, perhaps, that they succeed General Aupick at Constantinople. ta ,, are as clean as their own convicts :it may bethought , I may cite to you a proclamation of the pre v.i_ possibly that we are, upon the whole, not so dirty as feet of the Isere, announcing the reduction of the land the the French fishermen in Jersey, or the :Horsemen iiii - tax, as an instance of the e ff orts used by the prefects Lto the Isle of Man. Yet what are the facts ? lof departments to increase the popularity of the nes ted The allowance of soap per bead in workhouses averages' sident of the Republic. The proclamation is in these 71b. per annum. terms : " The President of the It% public, on distribut e° The soap used in the Isle of Man averages to each of the • nig to the national industry the encouragement it was ill - population bib. per =ram. til, The allowance for convicts is 111 b per onrush entitled to, said 'We must take elf the burden from i ug The soap used in Jersey averages 131 b. per annum. lend.' This admirable sentiment is realised. From the Whilst in England, according to the excise returns, we Ist January, 1851, the land tax of the department of our le use only 7 onshith lb. per annum! f arm which amounted to 2,840,5571. 590., is reduced If we believe the Excise we are a dirty population to 2,430,183 f.—a reduction of 410,374 f. 59c." This sin ted truly. In Ireland the consumption of soap avenges news was received in the country with the liveliest 4 lb. per annum for all the population, and in Ja- satisfaction. On the 22nd, the day of the fair at yes males the blacks use nearly 5 lb. per annum, whilst Grenoble, the farmers from the mountains were col , in England we use only 716.! Likely—very ! lected in large groups round the proc r e lamation, mani t - i, It is perfectly obvious that this is only to be testing their joy iu a most lively manner. ~,, d accounted for by illicit manufacture. Now, these are 31. Jules de Salm attached to the political direction oei i the facts. In 1845 it was ascertained, on very re- of foreign affairs, is appointed second secretary of the sWI liable data, that— embassy at London, in substitution of M. de Breuil. or d The quantity of soap used in England was 183,481,946 lb. A recent decree of the President of the Republic But the quantity on which duty was Me- „,. axes at 55 years the age of retirement for the army. charged that year was only 13434445 1' " ' Previously to this it was 58 years. Pet Leaving to account for, either by illicit Tne Funds have regained their firmness. trade er substitutes 27,117,134 lb. woe BOURSE. i ons Or one-fifth of the entire quantity which paid duty ato excise! It is obvious that this is ruinous to the nturoai. v. pee an d fair trader and at once accounts why so many indivi- money. ) °pestles !babe's. Lowest. Cimino hat duals have withdrawn from the trade. -- —.— -- Spiw Oast& ....... .... 57 0 57 10 57 10 57 11 0710 the To demonstrate the other iniquities of these two 6 p., 41.1... si r duties would be still easier. But we must pause for i %pert:eats. Krouse es 15 I 95 15 VS 20 95 II 9.3 W) two the present : promising, however, to take another 1 5 4: t e , e tt Do ' '"' 57 e : li w I s. .4 k , e pees opportunity of recurring to the subject. Because, t.zubsove ea L011 , 10n: Si slytit: 24 93 ; " aii days: 24 771. der. certainly, if these duties could be got off, together esesein, 3, 10 40 Korean Lose —1550 751 ~ r e e f with the window tax and advertisement duty, the' Der t °,. 0 , 2 . .—7 7. . Ditto, 0n... WO 761 . so nation would have cane to congratulate hull. I De. st ' iiei : Treasury Beees Netrarat 5 earteuta. 122 25 - Bank sham 2227 50 yarOosto. NowLsoo kros Coal& I per Onto .... P.zubarze cm L e eet I es ,21 93; drys, 21 774. ilskrLut, 5, 1140 11.p.t0 Roots, .. 47 30 gory. Do. 3, 1811 ....„ Homan Lcao 7.54 De. 44 ....... Ditto, do—. 1020 764 • Do. i 1930 Tremor? Hoods — Piedmont X pert outo. 62 „13 „ Book blazes 2227 SO Germain, 410; Versailles (right bank) 166 25; ditto (telt bank), 163 76; Paris and Orleans; 850; Paris and Roue°, 680; Boucot sod Ham, 270; Marseilles and Avignon, 186 25; Strasbourg sad Bala, 142 60; !Centre, 395; Orleans and Bordeaux, 400; North, 470; Paris and dtrasbounr, 345; Tours and Nutted, 248 75; Montereau sad Troyes, 90; Dieppe and Nousop, 197 60; Bordesuz and Testa, 35. FRANCE. PARIS, MONDAY EVENING. The ministry baring answered by the organ of M. de Royer to the interpellations of M. Hovyx-Tran chere that the cabinet was essentially of a transitory character, and M. Matthieu de la Drome having ascended the tribune before M. Odilon Barret, who was about to speak, the members of the conservative op position declined, after the speech of this member of the Mountain, to continue the debate, and agreed among themselves to wait for the acts of the ministry. This opinion having been partaken by the 286, the whole Right rose, when M. Michel de Bourges demanded to speak, to vote for the close of the debate. Thus the incident of NL Hovyn- ' Tranchere's interpellations fell to the ground without any result whatever. The Arsembly will be no doubt taunted with this effete conclusion in the papers of to-morrow. But the fact is, that the government owes its escape for the moment to the speech of Mathieu de la Drome, who taxed the legitimists and Orleanists home with the want of confidence expressed by their leaders in the perma nence of the republic, and showed that they had set the example to the government of Louis Napoleon to prepare • solution in his own favour. It was because the Right were not prepared to go again into such a delicate question that they de clined to proceed, for they saw that it would be im possible to succeed in defeating the government upon a hostile order of the day without the alli ance of the Mountain. Nevertheless, they showed want of tact in not allowing Michel de Bourges to speak, for the latter, leading the more violent section of the Mountain, would have completely effaced the impression produced on the Left by the speech of M. Mathieu de la Drome. The members of the conservative opposition have therefore determined to bide their time. In the meanwhile, although not quite satisfied with the explanations of ministers, they will support the go- vernment in carrying on the ordinary parliamentary Msinee& GERMANY. PRUSSIA. The question of customs is such a vital one for Germany that the pre , s of every state is almost solely occupied by it. That Prussia decidedly objects to the Austrian union project is now certain enough. The agent at Dresden has been ordered to reserve that question, and the utmost that can be expected will be a treaty equalising transit and general inland traffic. On this subject the Cologne Gazette says: The Prussian ministry has insqueted Count Alveneleben not to go into the Zo 1 Union querion. But the Austrian cabinet has been ensured that the answer given to the Austrian memorandum, In which some relief to interna tional commerce is promised, will be adhered to by Prussic. The propositions of the Boron government have been accepted only within the same limits. A Zull Union, then, such so M. Von Bruck is strivii g to obtain in Dresden, will not take place. The intimsto undemanding between the Prussian and Austrian Miaistrn of Commerce will, therefore, hear no fruits. Been the attempts which have lately been made by Prussian officials, as is pretended in Hanover, to allay the oppoer ion to the Austrian scheme, have tad no success. One question seems to have come decidedly into the fore ground; namely, which is the most advantageous —to include within the commercial union as additional thirty millions of population, according to M. Von Bruck, exclu sive of all others, or to admit into it virtually all the world? The Austrian project advocates the tint ; free trade,the second. There is another (mutton which cannot be answered, vie. : Where is that Fluters land which the Schwartsenherg mi nistry are constantly bolding forth upon, sa an Eldorado industrial nisrket ? It is net to be found on the maps. la it within the Austrian frontier? In Austrian Germany almost every wealthy merchant is a manufacturer, who boa already by a monopolising prAection ruined ethers. There are there tine gentlemen, who in ten years have acquired by weaving and spinning 100 000 florins, end for whom opera tives must labour for two or throe greschen (twopence or threepence) a day. In &Leonia ono the Magyar ceuntry, all is bought on credit, and who would give credit there ? Little would at all events be bought there, and that little would &key consist of small wares, which could not bear the freight to Elbetfield, and such other raw materials as are not fabricated in the Tall., of the Wupper. There is not much attraetion either in the idea of carrying civilisation into the But under the black yellow banner of Austria. The But was formerly civilized, but when the Tithe ani Austrians invaded it, it sank under them at once. The talent for dif tu.ing civilization, like mail others, is wanting alike to the house of liabenbarer and to that of Hapsburg. Under their rule, even civilised immigration Ii prohibited. Neither practical nor theoretical advantages are to be obtained by a Evil union ; and the political profit of it would be none other than Ibis: to be saddled wi.h the heathen of a foreign government, to build bridges for Austrian troops, and to make Austrian officials watchers and overseers on all the Prussian frontiers. Tnenconaiderations have, for this once, been effective against the Austrian project. Bit negations suffice not to give states their befitting position; and what It deserves particularly to be noticed that, when interrogated by MM. Hovyn-Tranchere and Mathieu de la Deo= with regard to the w r plication: of the ' electoral law of May 31 to the election of the Presi dent, the ministers preserved silence. The sitting of the Assembly to-day presented, at its opening, all the usual symptoms which precede a debate of high Importance. The bill of the committee on the expenses of the London Exhibition having bteo adopted by 603 votes against 70, the interpellation of Hovyn-Tranchere with regard to the formation of the new cabinet standing next on the order of the day, that representative mounted the tribune to commence his took amid signs of the deepest attention. For the ant time in the parliamentary annals of Prance, a cabinet had been appointed consisting ex- farther should be done ie a question worth considering. We believe a hoed of commerce between Prussia end the North Sea states i■ pr.marily requisite. M. von der Pfortden has already declared that Bemis, on &social reminds, will, in say event, abide by the C 40311 2, rcial policy o. Prussia. The Zollverein seems then to be nue et all endangered if Prussia, as is reasonable, diar.guding the clamour ut the South Oct men prttettiontste and nit+ masts, striv:a for the attait ment of that which rice, mill her interest, as it dues that of all civilised states, free trade, which .heold be carried cut by the adoption of • finesse Z3ll system, similar to that of Ha-.over, and which is pretty nigh the same es the Pru.sian pritciple laid down in 1848. M. von Heydt truly will set be best plesssd with this system, although he hes declared himself ready to carry it into execution ; bet all who have a heart for the welfare of their country and their fellow-men will rijoice at the new turn cur commercial policy has taken, and will not complain that what is now in prospect is but one Imp towards their ohji et, and not the object itself. The patty which represents and champions free trade should, to show their consideration for internal industry. urge forward the introduv ion of the finance Z system just alluded to, wi•.h its important if not its priucipal advantages for home manufacturers. We would hail such a medium measure with the conviction that there ere few master manufavurers PO foolish u to prefer to this the reducion of the wages of their workmen, at all times s. inadequate. The injustice of this as stem is already condemned by public opinion; and this condemn►tion wi,lrapidly become m re general and more severe. But the muter manutacturers,we have confidence, will prove themselves worthy of the presint crisis, and will never desire that Prussia's last position egsinst Austria, acid her honourable distinction as taking the lead in ell Footle in Germany, should he sacrificed to the selfishness or presump tion of a tow men; and that, re 6 ardless of justice and of the welfare of the wofki.:g da-ses—regardless of the interests of commerce and industry, the whole nation should be torsi• tiered as the domain of merchant knight'. All deceit is upon this. Freedom, justice, and patriotism, and the in ; terest which the richest as well as the poorest have in the rights of property. AUSTRIA. Advices from Vien . trof the 21:h Inst. state that M. von:Schmorling's resignation has been accepted by the Emperor. M. Lichtenftls, Procurator at the Court of Caseation, is mentioned u likely to succeed M. von Schmerling. A revolutionary plot discovered at Vienna s making almost as much noise as the plot lately die covered in Paris created in the French capital. We believe but littlo in such conspiracies. M. 'rengo , honki, author of the changes lately effected in the Russian tariff, is at Vienna, on a mission to obtain from the Austrian government every facility in the shape of reciprocity between the two countries. The Austrian Tariff Conference was opened at Vienna on the 21st ins'ant, by a speech from M. Bruck, the Austrian minister of trade, in which that gentleman urged the necessity of a reform in a system which from its incongruities rendered smuggling almost a necessity. The deputies listened with due deference to the ministerial speech, but were not slow in coming to loggerheads amongst themselves. We !mu by a telegraphic deepatcn, dated Vienna the 23rd, that an animated debate took place on the pre vious day and that fourteen members quitted it, be cause they pretended to settle principle., and the minister of commerce declared that to settle pried plea with respect to the 'Loll tariff was cnly within the competency of the legislative power. The speech of M. Bruck, in opening the Congress, was as follows ! You know, gentlemen, that the necessity of a complete remedification of our whole system of customhouse duties has been felt for many years. Ilse confusion And contra dictions of the present Z7ll tariff have operated as disad vantageously for the revenues of the state so for industry and commerce iu general. The advantages, in fact, which should accrue thereby to industry, have been converted, by these inconeistencies, into disadvantages. Instead of all the material interests of the state being reconciled by the present system, ma tariff principles and regulations rather set them at variance, end bring them, as it were purposely, into colli. Sion; so that it Ohne, happens that smupaling seems the most reasonable means of nullifying them. What a different character would our .ndustrid and comenercia affairs bear if there obstructions were removed, and our commerce were strengthened by material and political bonds of unity. These Views form en essential part of the grand changes which se suddenly emu out of the storms of the year 1618. The resolution of the constitution—that " the whole kingdom is a trale and tariff ground "—would be brought neer to its accomplishment by laws which should introduce an equalise-' tion of impositions. The prouretions for a Zell ref.vm are already made. Justice and political necessity demand them u urgently as popular end state economy. The prArct set before you on this subject is the work of thoroughly practi cal men, who have drawn their conclu..ims from widely comprehensive details, and from practical proo's. To bring the commercial energies of the whole empire within the compass of one well-organised system, in which the different branches of industry of all the imperial provinces, harmo niously connected, may together develop their lull re• sources; to give effective protection to home industry, with out altogether excluding by law a foreign concurrence, and by so doing to give occasion to illicit commerce, which would be detrimental to the state's revenue. These are thethe pn ject aims at — recuring ; and I mast urgently recommeud you, gentlemen, to keep these p ints before you, in the deliberroions in which you are about to engage. It is fintlly for the interest of ell that the new tariff should be promptly settled, and that uncertainty, which has such a stagnating effect upon trade, should be remured. You, gentlimu, are called upon to put the last baud to a work which is to promote the wellare of millions, end to give to every part of the empir.e a prosperity as yet unexampled, even independ. of of these higher p,litical aims which the efforts of the ministry tend to, by the establish meet of a mid-European Z ill-union, iu connexion with a similar one already prepareo for Italy, the success of which will depend greatly upon the result of your deliberations. After this speech the Minister of Commerce ac quainted the assembly with the preliminary steps tag had already been taken. HAMBURG. Our carropandent writes : HAMBURG, JAN. 24. The Senate met on Tuesday last, and re ceived through the Austrian ambriestelor, Count Latzbw, a request from General Legeditech to pre pare quarters for 4,000 soldiers of his corps, the Coll ge of the Ancient were cmvened and made acquainted with the said requisition. They agreed in declining the honour. The Senate represented that the city could not bear such a burden ; the state of her finances would not afford it, the debt being very heavy, and the revenue hardly sufficient to cover the current outgoings. It is true, the. Se-nate continued, the general is promising to refund the city out of the military funds of the League, but such a fund cot being in existence as yet it must take some years before the city could be reimbursed, and the advance of so large a capital would create a great deal of difficulty. Further, the Senate observed, the city was in so quiet a state that there was not the least fear for disturbances, and consequently no armed force was wanted to quell disturbances or to prevent any outbreak, and that the march of the army from Lauenbnrg might be made on other roads equally as near. Should it, however, be found in dispensable by, the general, the Senate went on to say, to march some detachments through this city or her territory, they would meet with a hearty wel come as friends belonging to the League (einen bundea freuudlichen Willkommen). An answer to that note was returned yesterday by the general. lie regretted that he was not able to comply with the wishes of the Senate ; that the van guard of a corps of 4,000 would arrive here on Sun day, and the remainder were to follow the next day. The Senate met again last night and summoned the College of the Ancients. The debates, it is said, were very warm, and it was proposed to apply for assistance to those foreign powers who guaranteed the independence of this state in the Vienna treaties of 1815. It was further obeerved, that most of those trooper were not Germans; they could, therefore, cot be legally employed for the executive purposes of the German League, but must be considered as foreign invaders. Whether this view was adopted by the majority, and whether any steps will be taken in consequence, is very doubtful ; the Senate is by far too timorous to act with decision. Disbanded soldiers arrive daily from the Schleswig- Holstein army. They are escorted to the atram-terry or the railroad station b 7 the military band from Altona, and paid cff by their officers, Hamburg cavalry and infantry watching their departure. CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. Papers from this colony, which have come to hand, merely supply intermediate dates, and the only item of news they contain of interest to the general reader is that the experiment of growing cotton in Ksffirland was about to be tried. Several of the emigrants lately arrived out had embarked in the undertaking. LErrzas FOR Powr NATAL,—Considerable misap- prehension exists amongst the public u to the late Poet ofee - e arrangements between this country and the Cope of Goad Hope ; for it is not generally known that Port Natal is in cluded in those annuitants; and that the postage on let ters to that port is 1.. each, and that newspapers, periodicals, and parli►mentuy proceedings go free. SWITZERLAND.—The troops of Berne have had an engagement with the socialite in the neighbour hood of Berne. The latter were beaten and repulsed. UNITED STATES. ARRIVAL OF THE NIAGARA. The arrival at Liverpool last night of the British and North American Royal Mail stecm-ship Niagara, Capt. Leitch, which sailed from Boston on the 151 inst., places us in possersion of seven days later intel ligence from the Ucited States and British North America than that rece i ve d by the Baltic on the 19th inst., atd five days later than that brought by the slip Revere on Sunday. By telegraph the &dykes extend from New York to the 16. h inst. The Nis- gars, which brings a heavy mail (31,000!. in specie) and a large number of passengers, called at lislifax, N.S., on the 17th inst., and there re ceivid the mails from the British North American possessions. The non-arrival of the Atlantic had naturally caused considerable exci , emeut at New York. ----- The circumstances attending the seizure of the Niagara (referred to in yesterday's Expreu) are thus detailed in the Barran Mail of the 10th : As is customary, two or throe custom-house (Aeon wore seat to Cunard whorl immediatey on the arrival of the ataer,to :amain and ,uperintend to. dinharging of her cargo. On Monday night two or tie of tn'ese — t.tHrem, Patens. T. Wentworth and H. A. Cook, retired to the small office on the wharf, and wi nt to sleep; a third, Mr. C. IL Sturgte (custom-house watchman), had orders to watch on the wharf. About eleven o'clock the attention of Mr. Sturgis was attracted by a notse, as of sometbiog dragging on toe wharf, and be followed in the direction of the sound, when be disouvered a shore boat close elonpide the wharf. wiiha man in it about shoving or Mr. 8. bailed, Whoi there ?" Man in the boat returned the hail with, "Is that Wer.tseorth? -;;- 6.71. h; continual, "What have you in that boat ?" The reply was, " A pas senger and his baggage, who i ra to take to G iTertlOr'll la land." The individual in the boat Mr. Sturgis recognised by his voice to be Doßever ' an East Boston boZmen, and he ordered him at ones to thr..w him the painter, and allow hint ,to etaniine the contents of certain bags which he ' discovered lyieg in the bottom of the boat. This, titer wenaiderable oppoaitieu by I/Aline, was cum plied with, and the boat was again fastened along side the wharf. Diliver then cense ashore. Dulliver says he does not koow the p.rson who employed him, only that he was to row him and his baggage to Governor's isloLd. The man, on the approach at Mr. dturgis, made a hasty re treat, end has not since been seen. Mews. Cook and Wentworth then took possession of the boat, and locked them in the offim Oa Tuesday forenoon they were opened, and found to contain mine &red laces, t..tins, and 'ilk,. The bags were tour in number. Oa Tuesday evening five °thee bags were di e,,vered stowed away in the coal house. These were also taken go: anion of by the officers, and were found. to be filled with goods of a similar character to those haore aria d. Tho value of t..e goods thus smuggled is about 12 008 dell. They ware peeked in dirty looking canvass bag,. The bags and their contents were tat n to the custom house, sod placed under lock and key. Close watch was maintained about the steamer from that time until Thursday forenoon, when Fletcher. Webati r, the surveyor of the port, accom panied by eighteen custem.tiouso nth .ern, visited the steamer, and made a 11:04 inspos.tii.a, assisted by the officers ot the steamer. Nothing more of a suspicious character wee, how ever, found. A letter from Boston, of the 13tb, on the mune subject, says: By an agreement between George Lunt, United State" District Attorney, and William Wilting, atterney for the trustees of the Cunard steam-ship Nissan, the vessel was appraised this afternoon, by Rote rt 0. Shaw, Samuel Pearce and Jonathan P. It ibinson, merchant?, at 170,000 and of Alf. Lunt, S. S. Lewis, agent iorJellate Berne, ems Burns, William Cannel! mid Thomas Buchanan, of Glasgow, and Charles* Myer, merchant, of Liverpool, trustees of the British North American Royal Mail Steam- Cacket Co., on their behalf, and in behalf of himself, with apt. Leitch, of the Niagara, were received as bondsmen nod the steamer was di iargod from custody. Jo. p 6 DuMeer, the E tit Easton biatman, in whose Isn't and poi. assists 5,000 dole. wor:h of silk; satins, and laces, in fifty packages each, were bond, wu arrested by Ids. Dorms, United S'ates Marshal, this att. ruoon, and gave hail to appear before Gco. S. Hillard, United States Commissioner, I e examination on a charge or smuggline. It .bert 13town low, Ice ship's butcher, who is also, probably, •colpablis arty, has at...waded, and has not yet bean trawl. He u an Englishman. A contest between Mr. Gwyn, of California, and Mr. Benton, of Missouri, is now going on in the United States Senate, upon California land titles. The issue involves property to the =mutt of many mil lions of dollars, extending over the entire habitable surface of California, as well as the uninhabitable parts thereof. The wholo subject, after a warm dis cussion of several days' duration, was referred to the Judiciary Committee. In the Senate, on the 10tb,an animated debate took place on a bill reported by the Land Committee. au thorising Wisconsin to select fifty thousand acres of land for purpe see of internal improvement. The bill was finally ordered to be engrossed. A resolution was adopted, on the 12tb, directing the Committee of Commerce to inquire into the expediency of reducing the value of the slyer coins of the United States, by diminishing their weight, or increasing their alloy. By a vote of 123 to 81 the rules were suspended, so as to allow the introduction of a resolution declaring it inexpedient and improper to repeal the present Fugi tive Slave-law. Petitions, praying for the repeal of the name law, were pro ented. A Mr. Wise (an aeronaut) had petitioned Congress for an appropriation of 20,000 dollars, to enable him to make an aerial voyage round the globe. There was much laughter when the petition was presented. Mi. Wise has, it is stated, already made above 100 atcents more or leas successful. In the state legislature at Albany, on the 10th, was brcught in a b:11 entitled " A Law for the Protection of Citizens of Now York." When its title was an nounced, Mr. Thompson, from New York, objected to the reception of the bill, on the ground that he under stood it had reference to the Fugitive Slave Lsw. Tte bill provide,' tLat any person who shall arrest, or attempt to arrest, a free ',Walt of this rate, shall be deemed guilty of kidnapping, and on conviction shall be imprisoned for a term not exceeding ten years; that any one who shall have openly and pub licly resided in the state for o. e year shall be deemed a free citizen of this state until the contrary is proved; that on the trial of any indictment found under the act, no warrant, process, or certificate issued by any court or r, and no ex parte a ffi davit, de- PortiaOn or record, shall be admitted as evidence to establish the right to arrest, or to prove that such person was not a free citizen of this state within the meaning of the act. The last section provides that the proposed bill shall not refer to persons charged with treason, felony, or other crime, or to persons employed in the army or navy of the United States. Henry Long, the fugitive slave, whose case has for some time back caused much excitement in New York, has been returned under the law. The two really important questions, of the identity of the party, and his owing service to the claimant, seem to have been satisfactorily proved. The accounts from the Copper Mines in the district of Lake Superior are of the most gratifying descrip tion. An ant i c ipated insurrection of the slaves in the state of Virginia, was causing some apprehension to the citizens of that district. It is said that upwards of six hundred slaves, belonging to different planta tions, are implicated. The trial of General Henderson, for his connection with the Cuban invasion, has commenced at New Orleans. There is nothing new from Canada. Advice; from Bermuda to the Bth inst. report that severe gales dad been experienced. The Honduras Watchman, of Dec. 14, gives the annexed documents: To the Charges des Affairea of Great Britain and Franee, and the Consul-General of the Hanmeatio Towne, Prussia, and Hanover: National Palace, Oustemals, Nov. IG, 1850. Gentlemen,—lt is twelve o'clock in the morning, and the government has just been informed by issue merchants who have this day arrived from San Vincente, which place they left about four days ago, that troop. fr.:ln Salvador and Honduras have invc.ded Chiquimula, commencing hostilities against this republic, under the specious pretext of the blockade of the ports of Salvador by the naval forces of her Britannic Majesty. This act of eggression, u voluntary as it is unjust, and of which this government bad beard through other channels, verified when Gaatemala had used every favourable step to the Interest of the state of Salvador, you will know how to spprecia's as it merits. But, in the nventime, the govern ment believes that it ought toull your attention to thin per il:lila, as the consequences of it must injure the commerce of the country in which the nation you represent are in terested; and farther desires that the official agents of the friendly nations may know the true authors of it. His excellency the president, in addressing this communf coition, has requested me to inform you, that on his part he has taken, and will continue issuing the necessary pleasures for the security of the persons and property of all natives and strangers; and reckons that your influeace in as far as your authority extends, will be favourable to the just causes which ha sustains. I have the honour. &0., thr., PEDRO N. ARRIGA., REPLY OP HEE BILITANIIIC MAJESTY% CHAIM! D'APPAIRIL Old Guatemala, Nov. 19, 1850. have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your note et yesterday's date, in which you communicato to se the aggression intended to be made against this republic