The Express. — London, England, 1853-12-07 00:00:00

Site earimlo. TO CORRESPONDENTS. ► Ilieseud r ecaesliasWilLe same evealuere Warm,* is published rimy Tuesday sad Friday 1411. la mil , tit pest idoritconcrnui limited tor "Tie kapotta," London Equals( paw. out Met tic talks, N. Ileumetio.atriost, by Two o'cioili on Me Esy of publication. 11100 WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tan DAT-41011111/44 I. Silk... AfterNoA..7b. V. Te-measow—MorsAsi. 7k. Ms Afterapos. IL Una LONDON, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 7. Togas is an ancient tradition which tells us that scorpions were killed by encircling them with a ring of Are. As the intensity of the fire increased, the convolutions of the scorpion grew more contracted, until at last, wearied with the unequal contest, the wretched animal made use of its own poison to put an end to its own existence. Is not something of this kind developing itself in the modern world at the present day ? Russia is the great snake which is surrounded nay, has surrounded itself—with a ring of fire, which, if it ' cannot burst through it, will of necessity involve its contraction, if not destruction.l here are the Danubian Principalities on the south, over which the CZAR thought that he might glide without exciting atten tion ; but, alas ! at the very moment that he crossed the border the fiery ring flung upwards its tongues of flame, and warned the invader of the danger he would incur in passing its houndaries.Aswe trace the Russian limits eastwards and westwardswesrestruck with the appearance of the same phenomena. The real Asiatic boundary on the south—the Caucasus— ' is bristling with weapons. The East of Europe lends A its aid to the great end of enclosing the European pest within his own confines, and making him vent his own poison on himself. On this side, as we amend from the Danubian Principalities, we come upon the Polish boundary, which contains within ' its limits an amount of deep concentrated hatred which it is difficult to measure rarely, but the intensity of which may be estimated by the consistency with-which the Poles maintain their nationality in spite of the oppression of half a ' century. As we travel upwards towards the north, we come upon what the continental geographers persist in calling the German provinces on the Bal tic, Kourland, Livonia, and Esthonia. No better way of estimating the danger which may arise to Russia, in the event of a European war, from these provisos, can be found than by taking into consideration the peculiar features which these provinces exhibit at the present day. Defeated, bet not subdued, by Germain, Russians, and Swedes, these provinces two centuries ago dis played in all their greot political features elements of German civilisation. The great towns were essen tially German. Travellers at the present day recog nise this peculiarity. The influence of Russia is of late date. In the spring of 1617 a great portion of these provinces fell into the power of Sweden, and the great Gurravus ADOLPHUS, foreseeing the danger which threatened the welfare of Europe from the possible progress of Russia, exclaimed at the peace of Stolbova in that year, " Russia is now, thank GOD, shut out from the Baltic Sea, and I hope ' to GOD she will never have the power to leap over this stream." This stream was the Narova, which ' separated the provinces of Remain Proper from the ' German provinces on the Baltic. The KING caused ' afterwards a stone monument to be erected, on which ' were inscribed the words:—" GCSTATUS ADOLPHUS, King of Sweden, has here established the boundaries of the kingdom. May this work, under Goo's pro tection, be lasting." The stone has vanished, the facts that it chronicled are matters of history, but they have not endured. The provinces are in the power of Russia. The CZARS have pursued their usual policy of Rustionising these provinces, and they h►ve succeeded to a great extent, although they have not succeeded, and never will succeed, in stifling the inborn hatred which is always entertained, from Esthonia to Georgia, by all Rnesianieed provinces against their conquerors. The very course that Russia has taken, although admirably suited to de stroy that unity of action in a province which is necessary to create a national feeling, must of neces sity fail in establishing a feeling in favour of Russia itself. Russia played off the inhabitants of the towns of these provinces, German citizens, against the inhabitants of the provinces. It then put the nobility of the country in opposition to the serfs. It granted privileges to the serfs in order to excite enmity between these and their masters. It increased the authority of the masters in order to intensify the ill-feeling. It flooded the country with Greek piens, and offered premiums to apostacy. It en aited that if eit►er the father or the mother of a child were a member of the Greek church the child must be brought up as a member of that church. It extended the conscription to these provinces contrary to the stipulation of treaties. All methods, whether insidious or violent, are taken to bring over converts to the Greek Church. Recan tation of the doctrines of that church incurred the severest punishment. The German lognage is dis couragedandevery moos taken faits abolition: Those who wish for advancement must graduate in Russian schools or universities. The Cult himself has said, "The Baltic provinces have belonged to Russia for 150 years, and they are therefore Russian. We will have so more talk about Gennasism." This is the intention and the wish of the Russian Government. But what has bees the effect on the provinces themselves? All travellers tell us that in propor tion as these provinces have become more " Russian'. the more they have become filled with intense hatred to Russia. The inhabitants, degraded as they are, know that Russia has degraded them in order to make more certain of them. They have no loyalty to Russia. They are ready to fall into the hands of any party that promises them deliverance. And in the event of a general outbreak they will look either to Germany or to Sweden. The latter country has been unjustly deprived of Finland, the province which completes the western boundary of Russia as we ascend. There may be aroeptions amongst the richer and the mobile classes, but the Finns, ea a nation, hate the Russians as those who keep down Finland by brute force. The provinces, therefore, otKourland, Livonia, Esthonia, and Finland, forming the most important possessions of Russia on the Baltic, are filled with inflammable material ready to beret into flame at the first provo cation. And it requires not much penetration to see whence they may obtain fuel to feed the flame. Sweden, filled with the recollection of former injuries, may not be unwilling to come forward at a fitting season. The speech of King OSCAR shows that Sweden has not lost the feeling which once elevated it to so high a rank in the family of nations. It is certain that the proceed ings of the CZAR have given rise to feelings not only of fear, but of hope in the north and cast as well as in the south and west. King Ose %A points to " the present state of Europe" as a reason for looking to the needs of the army. The whole of the nations which encircle Russia are animated with the same thought, and the consequence of this unanimity of feeling may be—unless the pusillanimity of Cabinets intervene— to thrust back Russia within those boundaries which it has overleaped within the last few centuries, or at least to make its farther progress impossible. We THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 7, 1853. shall here have another example of good coming out LATEST FROM ABROAD. of evil, and the aggression of Ramie may after all • turn out to be the best thing that mould have hap 'RUSSIA AND TURKEY. pened for the security of Europe. VIINNA, Eye. Letters from the haulier state that the levy now TO-NORROW—December the Eigliththe Genemil - goinifonin Russia'if not the manful reernitieg, as Election commences in Piedmont—that only spot in has been asserted. So many men were never all Italy where rational freedom has at present asy before seised, so much severity was never before foothold. The causes which have led to the sudden resorted to, and so many children (boys of twelve dissolution of the late Chambers there are less gene- years of age) were never before taken from their rally understood, perhaps, than they deserve to be. parents to be the terbilt.:::. ConstitutionalGovernmentin Italy has had but °twilit' The Turkish garrison at Kalafat is changed every trial in our time, and that is the trial which for some other day, the troops being relieved from Widdin. years has been making in the dominions of the House It is supposed that this circumstance gave rise to the of SsvoT. War and its disasters brought to an incorrect report that Kalafat had been evacuated by abrupt and painful close the efforts of CHABLIS the Turkish forces. ALBERT to develop a system of representative go- A similar regulation is observed at Mokan. The vernment in the realm which be had inherited as an Turks passing to and fro incessantly alarm the Rue absolute King. But from the day of his abdication slaus at Giurgevo, who, not being relieved, suffer his son and summer has loyally fulfilled the exceedingly. minion which his baffled and broken-hearted CONSTANTINOPLE, Nov. 21. The Turks, under Abdi Paths and Kherim Percher, 11114 ba r, bequeathed to him. Step by step new guarantees of liberty have been secured; and have gained new successes in Asia. while internal order and external peace have The Russians, under Generals Nestorow and Ar b„a preserved, the country „der the maw gutiuski, were defeated near Achirka and Achaltxik with great loss. After a battle of several hours' rive administrations of M. D'AzeoLto and M. duration, they left their wounded, and a quantity of Clete= has prospered greatly. Great lines of tail light= =foot of the Alps to the sea are now in baggage and ammunition, in the hands of the peagemset mispletion. Under a liberated tariff new Ottoman& impulses have been given to agricultural and mom. Several villages on the Russian territory have been ied menial enterprise; and it was but the other dayoemp by the Turks. that we read in a Piedmontese journal an unpolitical- The number of deserters from the enemy is so ex- Whir* paragraph, which described the necessity traordinary, that it is in contemplation to form a b y t h e G overnment for establishing at Amgen legion, to be led against their former = lllh iste bonded warehouses, in consequence of masters. tits rem extension of foreign trade. This timid and industrial progress has proceeded Sri pauu with political ameliorations alike salutary aid gradual. One by one the mischievous usurpe d= et feudal and ecclesiastical rule which the mere piessakpation of the Charter had not overthrown, have been in turn swept away. At every new advance towards freedom of thought, of speech, or of Mies, infinite clamour has been raised by the priestly and oligarchic faction, who still possess con siderable power, and who, besides the selfish instincts that impel them continually to attempt reactionary schemes, are notoriously stimulated in their anti sadoeal course by instigations from Viers* and BMW. The last proceeding of this perverse and political party was certainly not intended to produce results se shims as those which have actually followed it. • Bill had been introduced by ministers, having for its object great retrenchments in the departments of the Treasury, and providing that in future the ba lances arising from taxes received should be kept in the Bank, instead of being retained, as heretofore, in the hands of the officers of the Exchequer. Apart from the saving t. be effected, it is suffi ciently obvious that a change of the kind we have described was politically sound and wise. But its soundness or its wisdom mattered little in the eyes of the Austrian and Ultramontane faction, who, though out-numbered in the Lower House, still possess the majority in the Upper. With them it was regarded only as affording another opportunity of pu'ting a legislative slight upon a Liberal Cabinet ; and believing that amongst the community at large the specific merits of the Minis terial proposition were not likely to be fully under stood or particularly cared for, the Senate by a con siderable majority threw out the Bill. Had this been a solitary act of hostility to Ministers, they would hardly have deemed themselves justified, perhaps, in taking issue thereupon. But on all hands it was felt that this vote was significant, chiefly,as it was intended mainly to be, as a deliberate reiteration of want of confidence in the Government on the part of those who adopted it. The same party that had rejected ire CAVOUR'S Banking Bill had signalised themselves Is the two last Sessions by repudiating all attempts at compromise on the great questions of Civil Mar riage, Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction, in matters con oohed with the press; and, finally, on the sub- Omit of liability to be called upon to serve under the ..ascription. In a word, two systems of policy, banded upon principles irrehneilably opposed, have confessedly been for several years, and are ionfessedly still struggling in the King dom of Sardinia for the mastery. The priest hood, leagued with certain sections of the sehtocracy, and supported, as we have said, by what ever influence the Austrian and the Pontifical Courts ma afford, have steadily maintained all the exorbitant pretensions to paramount authority which the Church so lung and so fatally exercised in other parts of Italy. Arrayed against this domineering and soot-stifling (scrims, the King; his ministers, the were enlightened of the nobles, a great majority of the commercial and professional chases, and finally the great body of the electors of the realm, speaking through the mouths of their representatives in Par liasenet, have been and are combined by the pre bend national conviction that the governing power in the state must be lay and not clerical, or the state cannot be either prosperous or free. Every bah deal, thisefore, occurring in the course of this pro le/god aleospie, has, in the estimate of both sides, hdolhed and measured with reference to its dimwits Wither than to its immediate, results; and beam tho rejection of the etonomishig plans ✓egarding the exchequer, submitted to the Le- Sislature by the King's Ministers, has been under- Stood by the whole liberal party throughout this Wintry ss a challenge thrown down to them, which k were a confession of weakness not to accept. M. Cavoua and his colleagues have not shrunk from their responsibility. Neither has their Sovereign. Their reasons addressed to him for advising the dissolution of the Chambers were without hesitation made public. Hitherto, they state they had believed themselves to possess the patient confidence of the people and the entire approval of the Crown. The 'induct of the Senate, and the motives hardly dis guised which have actuated a majority of that mmenbly, indicate a determination to seek in a new Parliament for the reversal of a liberal policy. A (general election must at furthest have taken plasm is the course of next year. Far better, therefore, for the country, that an event so decisive of its fate should at once be anticipated, than that for the apses of another twelvemonth all legislative and executive action should be paralysed. Hence the Election that begins to-morrow. Vtcron EMANUEL has in this instance, as in so many others of his reign, proved himself to be poe seised of the two best quilities of a constitutional King, political constancy, and civil courage. Tole ration, progress, free speech, commercial libeety, and the supremacy of law over privilege and priestcraft, ate set in one balance ; reaction, persecution, espion age, and ecclesiastical supremacy, tremble in the other. Good men in every part of Christendom look is with anxious sympathy and hope, and earnestly exclaim—" May GOD defend the right r AMERICA. TILE SAIIIIIPIELD CATTLE SHOW.—Yesterday the show wee thrown open to the public, and was attended by • greater number of persons than has ever been known on • Ent day. The annual meeting was held at our o'clock, the noble president, the Duke of Richmond, in the chair ; and after the routine business had been gone through, his grace and the other officers were re-elected, Lord Demers being added to the Ttos-presidents. It was determined not to accede to the pnitiosal to add a poultry show to the exhibi tion in future years, principally on the ground of want of room. The sews of prise (tattle were more languid than usual, but it was understood that this arose from mace i of the owners havleg expressed their intention to restive their missals for other ealibitiess. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. It is announced through a ministerial organ that the four Powers are again in accord on the Eastern question. Prussia and Austria have acceded to the proposals of the British and French governments, and a protocol has been ?ivied pledging the four Powers jointly to maintain the existing territorial arrangements of Europe, and invitin the belligerents to come to teems by means of a European Conk rence. The latest despatches tromlri f ejahrinvi ze intellfr-::: ine i_ l ?eferano• of Ambassadors in that capitol were about to despatch these preliminary proposal for pacific arrangements to the Porte. When the views of that Power shall have been ascertained as to the basis upon which she will con sent to treat, and those of Russia equally ascertained on that point, it will be proposed to both Powers (in the event of agreement having thus been arrived at on preliminaries) to send plenipotentiaries to a European Conference to be hereafter held, for the final adjustment of the matters in dispute between them. The Augsburg Gazette of the 3rd publishes a letter from London, professing to give an account of negotiations respecting the same conference. The correspondent of the Augsburg Gazette states that Austria and Prussia have consented, if the worst should come to the worst, to make common cause with England France to prevent the annexation of the Principalities of the Danube to Russia, or any ether violation of the integrity of the Turkish terri tory; but that they are stall in hope that a pacific solution will be obtained. The Porte, says the article in the Augiburg Gazette, is to be invited to declare on what terms it will treat, and appoint a negotiator, and the tour Powers undertake to use all their influence with the Emperor of Russia to induce him to adopt a similar course ; the belligerent parties being invited in the meantime to enter into an armis tice. The English journal before referred to says that it is provided by the proposals that negotiations should if commenced, although hostilities should not E l e .°l3 suspended. There is a rumour at Buttharest of the desertion of 300 Wallachian gendarmes, who were attached to the corps of General Fishba ck, and who, with horses, weapons, and accoutrements, are said to have gone over to the Turks. The Triest Zeitung has letters from Constantinople of the 21st ult., stating that M. de la Cour had taken leave of the Sultan. The enthusiasm and pa-1 triotism of the Turks increase from day to day. Voluntary contributions are received from all parts' of the empire, and Constantinople alone has raised 150,000,000 piastres for the maintenance of the army of the Asiatic Turks, who appear in crowds at the conscription offices. Each Eyalet has to supply 1,600 cavalry and 6,500 infantry, and this is done with the greatest readiness. The cavalry goes to Erzeroum, the infantry to Constantinople. The Drupes of the Lebanon have offered to send 2,000 men, but they demand that the Christians shall be dis armed before they depart. The other Druses display far greater military ardour, and the volunteers will proceed to the seat of war under their Emir Emin, who leaves his son, a youth of 16, as his deputy. The high dignitaries of the Maronites have also offered the assistance of their people. The staff officers who accompanied the French diplomatists have already quitted Constantinople. Colonel Fleury, with his aide-do-camp, is gone to Batoum. Lieu tenant-Colonel Lavoix- and Messrs. Berton and Houche, officers of engineers, arc gone to Schumla an Widdin. Three Polish officers, Colonel Zamoyski, a near relative of Prince Crartoryski, Colonel Boreanski, and Colonel Byatrzanski, have been appointed gene rals of brigade in the Turkish service ; and a fourth Polish officer, General Chrzaowski, has been nomi nated general of division in tho same service. The last-named was an officer in the Russian army during the war with Turkey in 1828. The Pays says: Great improvements are still being made in the fortifications of Kalafat, and an incredible activity is displayed in the construction of redoubts." The Lloyd of Vienna of the 2nd says :—Entrench meats on a grand scale have been formed near Kalafat, and the Turks are working with great ardour at the redoubts. According to the last advice. from Krajowa the Russians still kept themselves on the defensive. A letter from Belgrade of the 23rd states that the coolness which bad arisen between the Ottoman Porte and the Servian government no longer exists, but the Servian government has made unavailing efforts to obtain the return of M. Muschin, the Russian consul, although a promise was given thitt he - should reside in the tiervian part of the city. On the 21st an official notice was published at Ibrail stating that neutral vessels going into the Black Sea and returning with cargoes for Ibrail and Galatz might pass unmolested, but that they must not stop at any other port. On leaving Ibrail and Galatz the masters were bound to show their papers to the Russian agents, who would furnish them with passes. Austrian vessels are not excepted from this regula tion. The Russian consul at Orsova is authorised to deliver certificates of neutrality. The prohibition of exporting arms and ammunition to Servia has been extended to Bosnia and the other Turkish provinces. A letter from Warsaw of the Ist, in the Breslau Gazette, says:—" Intelligence bas been received at St. Petersburg from the Caucasus, announcing that the Russians have made several attempts to retake the fort of Nikolajeff, bat without success, and with • great loss of men. The levies for the reserve have never been greater in the Russian empire than at present, and particularly in the governments of Wilna and Kowno. A great number of children, of from 10 to 12 years of age, have been carried away, for the purpose of being brought up in the military schools. This measure has fallen* most heavily on the Jews." A letter from Jassy of the 25th ult., in the Prus sian Correspondence, says:—" Prince Unixoff, provi sional administrator of Moldavia, has declared to the Jews that they are to famish recruits for the militia of that province. General Osten-fiacken was ex pected to arrive in eight or ten days, with 20,000 men, at Jassy." Letters from Bucharest show that the Ronan administration of affairs in Wallachia and Moldavia is characterised by the most complete disregard of rights of all kinds. The governing council left behind by Prince Barbey is daily insulted, and made to feel the enthralment of the country at every turn. The Rus sian authorities have refused to allow the despatches of the British and Turkish Consuls-General to be conveyed to Constantinople via Giurgewo and Rast- 1 chuk as heretofore, and permission was refused evesl to the Consuls-General themselves to travel by that route, so that they had no choice bat to brave the stormy Black Sea. M. Poujade, the French Consul- General, left Bucharest on the 22nd alt., and the English Consul-General was expected immediately to follow him. Both consul' have remained until they could do so no longer with dignity, as will be seen from the following particulars of an outrage upon a messenger in the service of the British Consul : On the 15th ult. an Albanian, who has been for 19 years in the service of the British Consulate-General at Bucharest, was sent with despatches for Lord Stratford de Redcliffe to Galatz, and the English vice-consul there was instructed to send them by the Austrian steamer to Constantinople. The Albanian -..-. ARRIVAL OF THE PACIFIC. (sY MAGNIITI (ram ova owl, TILZOILLIM.) KlatiSPON WRIT.) LIVERPOOL, WI Shortly after 8 o'clock this morning the United States Mail steam-ship Pacific, Capt. Nye, arrived in the Mersey, with the usual mails from the United States and British North America. The Pacific sailed from New York on the 26th alt., and has brought besides the mails 93 passengers, and 378,000 dollars in specie on freight. The United States Mail steam-ship United States had arrived at New Orleans from St. Juan, with the Californian mails of the let of November. She re ports one million dollars' worth of gold-dust as en rade from California to New York, per steamer Il linois. The passenger ships from Europe that had arrived at New York since the sailing of the America from Boston still continued to show mortality on board to a fearful elent. The Constellation had lost no fewer than one hundred of her complement, and the Hibernia thirty-four. The Royal Mail steam-ship Canada had arrived at Boston on the 24th ult. Bushmen at New York maintained the improved character previously noted. The stock market had become depressed owing to the unfavourable chute ter of the European news brought by the Canada. Money, however, was much easier. The money market at Boston had become very tight, and several failures had taken place in conse quence. The market for breadstuff/ at New York was quiet, but firm. An average amount of business had been trans acted in the cotton market, which maintained its firm character. Provisions continued dull, and prices were lower. Freights were firm, as previously quoted. Exchange on London was firm, at 1091 to 1091; Paris, 5.111 to 6.15. FRANCE. PARIS. TUESDAY EVENING. The news from London that Austria has adhered to a new note proposed by France and England, sup ported as it is by a detailed statement of the pro posed arrangement contained in the Augsburg Ga zette, produced a great sensation on the Bourse to day ; but in other quarters it is regarded as merely another fauns alerts. It has been remarked from the beginning that Autria has from the first shown herself forward to adopt any proposition for an arrangement which she knew beforehand Russia would not accept. The present proposal, so far aa known, depends for its success upon Russia sending a plenipotentiary to a conference. Now we are overwhelmed with news from Germany this very day to the effect that the Czar will only treat directly with Turkey, and seta his face against any confer ence or congress of any kind. There is therefore no reasonable prospect that this new scheme will solve the great dilemma of the evacuation of the Princi palities. The Augsburg Gazette pretends that Austria not only recommends the new project, bat promisee to go with France and England "to the end." This, how ever, is very dlfilcult to believe. The rents nee 65c. under the influence of the above news, and a reported rise of 1 in London. Rouen Railway improved 20fr. ; St. German, 17fr. ; and most of the other lines were from MI-. to 10fr. higher. The Moniteur announces that the Emperor has signed the marriage contract of the Count de Char lottes, chef-de-bataillon of the 21st Light Infantry, with Mlle. de Las Cane, daughter of Count de Las Cane, who was with the Emperor Napoleon at St. Helena. The Count de liatdeld, Pnissian minister at Paris, has just been named by the King of Prussia privy wuncillor of the first class, with the title of excel lency which is the highest civil dignity that can be conferred on him in Prussia. Prince Napoleon was present last evening at the representation of Les Coulees, at the theatre of the Oaite. Another accident of a frightful nature, but fortu nately unattended with fatal consequences, has oc curred on the Orleans Railway. A goods train which was standing near Etampes, at half-past six in the morning, was run into with great violence by another goods train which was following it at a short distance. The usual signals appear not to have been seen in time by the engine-driver of the second train. Three waggons were literally crushed to atoms, and several others damaged. A number of cattle-drovers were passengers by the train which received the shock, but fortunately they had all alighted at the moment of the miaow, and no one was injured. GERMANY. The Lloyd of Vienna contradicts the statement arrived safely at Galata, aad deli'Vered his despatches that the reconciliation which has taken place be- to the vice-oonsul, and then went to Ibraila, to wait tween some of the members of the two branches of for the despatches which the Austrian steamer, ex the Bourbon family was partly effected under the pected hourly from Constantinople, was to bring auspices of the Emperor of Austria. The Lloyd from Lord Stratford. In due time a hag of de does not, however, deny the fact that the " high 'patches arrived from Galata at the Vice-Consular contracting parties" partook of a " family " dinner office at Ibraila, with instructions to the Albainian to with the Emperor of Austria a day or two after the start with them instantly for the British agency at fusion was effected. Bachand. Whilst the Albanian's horses were A Vienna correspondent of the Cologne Gautte getting ready he went into a coffee-house with observes that the long stay of the Duchess de Brabant an employe of the Vice-Consulate to take at the English court is exciting remark, and it is some refreshment, and while there he was arrested, said that, as long u Louis Napoleon displays any and carried before General Engelhardt. When wish to visit England, some part of the family of the questioned by the Russian General, the Albanian Xing of Belgium will try and remain there. The showed his passport, which described him as in the editor of the Gaulle thinks this is an improbable employment of the British Consulate General at assumption, " bad as the policy of England now is." Bucharest, in charge of despatches. Of course there BERLIN, Dsc. 3. was no disputing that fact, for he was accompanied The absolutist party in Prussia, which is so strong by an employe of the Vice Consulate, and he was, at wart and is working against M. Manteuffel in moreover, well known in the town of Ibraila. In favour of Russia, has already sustained some serious answer to another question, the Albanian said he defeats in the chambers, and seems likely to suffer belonged to the Greek church, which is also true, for snore. The other sections of the right seem to be the man is a Greek from near Philipopolis. His upon the necessity of checking its pretensions. name is Georgie. The Russian General said he could bureaucratic right, called the Hohenlohe section, not believe he was a-Christian, for no Christian would to hold the b al ance of power, and gives signs go about in that dream (he wore the foustanette and :ra e n 4l iTitention to oppose the progress of the tea*. turban); and he therefore ordered him to be put in demists in union with the centre and left. prison. When Georgie was arrested the despatches wire at the Vine-Oonsulate and were brought op to Bucharest bran employe of that office. The English Consul General, when he received news of the fact, wrote a strong note to the Wal la/hien Secretary of State, complaining of the outrage. On the following day the Secre tary of State called up the British agent, and told him that he had taken his note to M. de lihat chinsky, and the Russian coasui-generai, on read:"; ittnitt • 11l he ki;w about the British consul general was, that he had received a communication from him some time ago, saying that he had taken down his flag, and ceased relations with the Walla chian government. He, therefore, could take no notice of the note shown him by the Secretary of State. He added, moreover, that it was very im proper to send armed men about the country, and that those who did so must abide the consequences. His verbal communication the Secretary of State said he hoped the English consul-general would take as a reply to his note. He promised, however, that the affair of the Albanian should be inquired into. Georgie has since been set at liberty, but no esti& faction of any kind has been given. The Wanderer of Vienna of the 2nd says: " It is positively stated that General Fischbach has sow pletely evacuated Lesser Wallachia byorder of Primes Gortschakoff, who is concentrating his forces near Bucharest. The front of the Prince's army is turned towards Silistria, where the Turks have occupied the isles of the Danube, and have thrown up entrench. ments. Ismail Pacha is, it is said, occupied in organis ing Lesser Wallachia. The intention of the Russians to force the line of Gahm will only be carried into execution after the arrival of the corps of Osten. Sacken. The Russian general who was killed at Oltenitza was Baron de Plosen. Letters from the Lower Danube to the 30th ult. state that the redoubts and forts of the Turks near Kalafat are remarkable for their solidity; and, that they are armed with more than 100 pieces of cannon. What partly explains the retreat of the Turks to Widdin is that their communications near that place are always open. To defend the forts of Kalalat, from 8,000 to 8,000 men will suffice. On the 30th the Russians still occupied their defensive position near lErajowa. The weather is now more favourable, and the waters i l have subsided. A letter from Jul , states that 18 large houses belonging to the Boyards have been transformed into hospitals. On the 27th, 40 wounded Russians arrived there. General Budberg will assume the administration under the direction of Prince Gortachakoff. The Councillor of State Schaltaehimaky has been named Vice-Preaident of Wallachia." SWITZERLAND. The government of Ticino has decided that the espionnage, of which Contini and his ac complices had rendered themselves guilty, is not punishable by the cantonal code, but only by the federal code. The prisoners have consequently been given up to the federal authorities. Many domici liary visits have taken place latterly at Lugano. SPAIN. The Madrid Gazette of the 30th ult. publishes the text of the bills presented by the Minister of Finance to the Chamber of Deputies on tho preceding day. That on the budget of 1854 estimates the ordinary expenses at 1,471,147,894 reale, and the ordinary receipts at 1,474,204,522 reels. The extraordinary expenses for public works are set down at 115,000,000 reals, and the receipts to cover them are estimated at the same sum. The maximum of the floating debt is fixed at 500,000,000 realm, but it is to be only 150,000,000 reale in case the Cortes shall authorise the conversion of the greater part of the existing floating debt, and of such authorisation being acted on by the government. Another bill proposes to authorise the government to issue 800,000,000 reale of Consolidated Three per Cents. for the paying off of the floating debt, such stock to remain in depot until the government shall find a favourable opportunity for negotiating it, at a price not to be less than 44 per cent. In the preamble to the budget it is said that several reforms have been effected, and there is a question of exempting salt and tobacco from duty, and of making reforms in the customs. A MILITARY FRACAS AT CALAIS. The Progres du Pas de Calais relates an incident which lately took place at the theatre at Calais. During the performance a young officer in full uniform, who had but recently left the School of St. Cyr, was talking with one of his friends, when the commissary of police, who was sitting in an adjoining box, turned towards him, and re quested silence. The officer replied to him in a low tone by some words of assent, but after • few minutes re sumed his conversation with his friend in a tone loud enough to be again heard by the functionary. The latter loudly called on him to be silent, and threatened that, if he continued, be would have him put out, on which the officer replied that he had no right to do so. The commissary then left his box, and went and spoke to a superior officer of the garrison, but as this officer did not move from his seat on being spoken to, it is supposed that he refused to interfere. On the commissary return ing to his box, he held up his finger to the o ffi cer, who, considering th at movement as a menace, said to him, " Yon will not frighten me." Between tie pieces, as the officer was about to leave the box, he met in the lobby the commissary, who had then assumed his scarf of office, and two police officers. Not wishing to have any dispute, he stepped back, but the commissary followed him, and requested him to go out, but the officer refused, saying that the rtommisaary had no right to order him. The audience, particularly those in the pit, who up to this time had taken no part in the affair. now became clamorous, and, siding with the comm imary, exclaimed, "Turn him out." The officer, still persisting in his refusal, the commissary ordered his agents to do their duty, and one of them was about to lay hold of the officer, when the officer put his hand on the hilt of his sabre, and partly drew it, but the movement was arrested by the other agent. The affair now began to assume a more serious appearance, for the mili tary in the house began to interfere on the side of the officer, when a gentleman of the town, • large manufac turer, and who, from being seated near the officer, had heard the whole affair, rose, and exclaimed, " It is an in justice ; the officer does not merit the rigour adopted towards him." At this remark the face of the affair changed; the audience no longer galled for the officer's expulsion, the commissary ordered his agents to retire, and quiet was restored. The affair, however, has not rested there. The officer, thinking that the polies had no right to lay their hands on him, has brought his case before the military authorities, and an inquiry has been instituted, and the commissary, on his side, has made a report to the judicial authorities, deman.ling the prosecution of the indi vidual who interfered in favour of the officer. SALE OF COPYRIGHTS, &e.—Yesterday, Mr. Hodg son, the auctioneer of Fleet-street, concluded an extensive sal* of literary property, comprising nearly half a million volumes, and the copyrights and stereotype plates of nu merous illustrated and other popular works. The following may be classed among the most important: Knight's Pic torial Museum of Animated Nature, 2 vols. folio, 4,000 parts and 11,000 numbers, with copyright and stereotype plates, sold for 6001. The Pictorial Gallery of Arts, also Knight's, 2 vols. folio, stock, copyright and plates. brought 8501. The stock, copyright, and plates of Kitto's Pictorial Sunday Book were knocked down at 6601. ; ditto of Pictorial Half-Hours, 4 vols., 1051. The stereotype plates of Mr. Knight's Shakapeare sold for 3201., and those of South's Household Surgery for 2101. The copyright and plates of some of the most popular of Knight's shilling volumes were disposed of at the same sale, and realised a good market price. The copyright of " How to Observe " was sold for 21. 10s. The sale attracted the general attendance of the trade. --- DISAPPEARANCE OF A YOUNG LADT.—A family residing at Bayswater are in the greatest anxiety en ac count of their daughter, who was sent on Friday morning, Nov. 18, to call upon en invalid lady, w h ose house they find, upon inquiry, she did not reach, and from the time she left her parents' home to the present they have not ob tained the least clue to her whereabouts, notwithstanding every exertion on the pert of her friends and the police. She was twenty-two years of age, and went out in her morning dress, and altogether lightly clad for the time of year. Any tidings will be thankfully received by her friends if communicated to the police. HAWKING WITHOUT A LICENSE.—At the Petty Sesaiuna, held at Tunbridge Wells, before Mr. J. Deane, on the 12th ult., Michael Derley was brought up in custody charged with selling mats without a license. The accused did not deny the charge, but contended that he had a right to do so, as he manufactured the articles himself. lie had done the same thing in hundreds of town', and had never before been interrupted ; he bad his mother and brother to support, both of whom were deaf and dumb. Mr. Deane inquired if the prisoner had been cautioned, and on receiv ing a reply in the affirmative (from P. C. Morgan) intimated that he could not allow the statement of the prisoner to in fluence his decision. The tradesmen of the town, as well as persons taking out licenses for hawking, must be pro tected, and he (the prisoner) must pay a fine of 101., or go to prix n for seven days. The prisoner requested Mr. Deane to inform him under what Act he was committed. Mr. Deane declined to give the information. The Clerk, to the prisoner : You can Bnd that out when you get to gaoL— Sussex Express. Ine Court OSBORNE, Dec, 6. . 1 The Queen and Prince, accompanied by the Duchess of Brahma', rode on horm back yenterilsy morniag,4 The Earl of Clarendon, Count Lscradio. Portugue=B =inkier, sad General Lopez, on a mission from Psrag u . y arrived at Osborne yest e rd a y, an d h ad audiences of the queen. The Earl of Clarendon and Count Livradio remained cm • • visit. Sir Wm. C. Ross, R.A., had the honour of taking the last sitting for a miniature of the Duchess of litanam, painted by command of the Queen. A deputation from the Board of Guardians of the Hackney Union, consisting of Mr. George Offer, Mr. John Edwatd Cleans% Mr. Percy Sadler, Mr. William Turner (of Upper Clapton), the Her Thos. Davis Lamb (of the Rectory, West Hackney), ac com p an i e d by Mr. Charles Horner Pulley, the Clerk to the Guardians, and introduced by sir William Clay, Bart., M.P. for the Tower Hamlets, had i t interview with Viscount Palmerston yesterday at the Home-office on the subject of the detective sewage an d drainage of the important district of Hackney, and on tin great necessity for local powers to carry out all connecting sewage with the great trunk sewage, and also the making of new roads and drainage to all intended new houses prior to their erection. A deputation of the Cosmos Institute, consisting of Sir John Dorat, Mr. Juhn Disney, Mr. Uyde Clarke, M r . Thomas Baker; Mr. James Wyld, Mr. Stephen Geary, Mr. Charles Osborne, Mr. Joseph ilayees (solicitor), Mr. John Newell (parliamentary agent), Mr. IVilliam Jordan, sad Mr. William Jenkins (secretary), had an interview with Sir William Molesworth yesterday, at the Ottice of Werke and Public Buildings, in Whitehall-place. A deputation, consisting of Mr. G. B. Greenough, F.R.S., Mr. H. Emanuel, Mr. A. Patten, Mr. R. Rangel', Br; Smith, and Mr. Twentyman, had an iaterview yesterday with Viscount Palmerston, on the subject of the St. John's- D r. Go wood Burle urial-ground. The deputation was introduced by y. Despatches were received at the Colonial-office yesterday, from the Governors of the North American Preview., and the Governors of Hong-Kong and Ceylon. A deputation from k ulhatu, consisting of the Rev. R. C. Baker, Rector of Fulham, the Rev. S. Byers, Incumbent of St. Mary's, Fulham, the Rev. J. L. Wheelie', CUM / of Hammersmith, Messrs. W. Bird, J. Boarline,V. Stevens, J. Crooke!, C. Wing, J. Blackford, and W. 1) Sates, had an interview with Viscount Palmerston yesterday, at the Home-dim The report of the Committee of Heads of Houses and Proctors of Oxford University, appointed to consider the recommendations of the Royal Commisdnuers on the subject of University reform has been issued acid delivered to the heads of houses only. It is expected that in a few days the report will be procurable by the public. The pub lication is a voluminous one, and includes, in addition to the report, some evidence given by Dr. Puny, Rev. 0. Gordon, of Christ Church, and several other iiillaential members of the university. dais Excellency the Ambassador of France and the Countess Walewski arrived at the residence of the embany in Grosvenor4quare on Monday night from Paris. It will be remembered that his excellency and tl.e countess left London on the 17th ult., en it visit to their Imp erial Majesties the Emperor and Empress of the Ftenel, at Fontainebleau, where they remained during the last fort night of their Majesties sojourn. During the absence of his excellency, the affairs of the embassy were ca:rusted to the first secretary, M. Charles Daudin. Rev. H. M. Birch is one of the preachers at the Chapel Royal, St. James's, for the present month. Rev. Dr. Cartmell is one of the preachers at the Chapel Royal, St. James's, for the present month. The Rev. Edward Brumell, 13. D., has been insti tuted to the Rectory of Holt, in Norfolk, on the presentation of the Master and I. ellows of St. John's Coll. ge, Cambridge. The King of Bavaria, on the occasion of the anni versary of his birth, has created a new order of chicairrs the insignia of which will be awarded to men distinguished in sciences and fine arts. It is celled the order of Maxi milian 11. The decoration is composed of a Gothic cross in gold, enamelled in dark blue, with a white edge. It is surrounded by a garland of laurel and (tali, and surmounted by a royal crown ; at each of the corners are four rays, and in the centre in a crowned escutcheon is the effigy of the King, with the motto, "Maximilian 11., King of Bavaria." On the other side is the symbol of the branch of science or of the fine arts to which the recipient belongs, whether he be a savant, a poet, or as artist. The first of these symbols consists of an owl holding a roll in his claws ; the other, Pegasus. Below is written 28th November, 1843 (the date of the foundation of the order), and the words Section of the Sciences," or " Section of the Fine Arts." This cross it worn suspended to a dark blue ribbon, with a white edge. The King has already named forty chevaliers of this order, taken from the must distinguished men which Germany pos sesses in science, letters, and the arts, without regard to nationality or religion. In the number is M. Meyerbeer. Mrs. Roth Emerson, mot her of Ralph Waldo Emer son, and widow of the Rev. W. Emerson, pastor of the First Church in Boston from 1799 to 1811, died art Concatd, Mass., on the 16th Nov., in the 84th year of her age. YORKSHIRE AGRICULTURAL SHOW. Yesterday the Christmas exhibition of fat stock, sheep, pigs, sad poultry, was opened at Leeds, and will con ' rinse until Friday next. A large pavilion or covered build ing has been erected in SVeliington•strcet, near the railway station, and fitted up at a considerable cost. The entries, though not very numerous, arc quite as much so as was ex pected, considering that this is the first show ; and in cludes some very fine specimens of fat short horns, Here ford steers, and other cattle. The show of roots was also good, and that of poultry first-rate. The entries of stock, sheep, and pigs, numbered 56, and of poultry 391 The whole of the morning of Tuesday was occupied by the judges, and in order not to impede their operations, Me public were not admitted until afternoon. About 3301. is awarded in prizes, and about 700/. has been expended is making the necessary provisions for the show. The fol lowing prizes fur cattle, sheep, and pigs, have been awarded : SHORT-HORN CATTLE. 151. to Mr. Henry Vyner, Newby Hall, Boroughbridge, (or the best fat steer Rot exceeding 3 years old ; and 5/. to Mr. J. S. Robinson, Leckby, "ropoliffe, for the second best ditto 161. and a Gold Medal to Mr. William Brandbant, Drioghoe, Bridlington, for the best fat ox or steer &ben 3 years old ; aad 51. to liar) litzwilliam, for the second but ditto. 101. and 51. to Mr. H. S. Thompson, Kirby Hall, York, for the best and second beet fat heifer, not exceeding years old. 101. sad a Gold Medal to Mr. Henry Ambler, Watkinson Hall, Halifax, for the beet f►t cow of any age; and 51. to Lord Londesborough, Gritaston Park, for the second beet ditto. CATTLE OF ANY LIMED. 101. and U. to Mr. James Stewart, of Aberdeen, for the best and second best fat steer not exceeding 3 years old. 101. to Mr. James Stewart, Aberdeen, for the best fat ox or steer above 3 ears old ; and 61. to Mr. Robert Schole field, Sand Hail, Howden, fur the second best ditto. 101. and 6!. to Mr. James Stewart, Aberdeen, for the best and second beat fat heifer, net exceeding 4 years old. LONO•WOULLED SHEEP 61. to Mr. Henii .'" Crampton,ll.al7l:3 House, East Ret• ford, for the best pen of fat wethers under 22 months old; and 31. to Mr. William Linton, Sherrill Hutton, York, for the second best ditto. 61. to Mr. Godfrey Wentworth, Woollev-park, Wake field. for the best pen of 3 fat ewes ; end 31. to Mr. J. T. Robinson, Leahy, Topeliffe, for the second best ditto. SHEEP OP ANY CROSS OR RRERD. 61. to Mr. Thos. C. Johnson, Chivet, Wakefield, for the best pen of 3 fat wethers under 22 months old ; and 31. to Mr. J. W. SCriTtII, Throstle Nest, Otlsy. for the second best ditto. 61. to Mr. Henry Cholmley, Brandaby Lodge, York, for the best pen of fat withers of any age; aid 31. to Mr. John T. Robinson, Leckby, Topcliffii, for the seclnd best ditto. PIOB. 6/. and 31. to Mr. Henry Ambler, Watkinson Ila Ufa:, for the best and second best pens of 3 fat pigs, not exceeding 8 months old. 61. to Mr.Thontas C. Johnson, Chivet. Wakefield, for the best pen of 3 fttt pigs, not exceeding 12 months old; 61. to to the same gentleman for the best pcn of 3 fat pigs, ao4 exceeding 16 months old ; and another prize of 61. to the same gentleman, for the best (At pig of any age. The Society's Silver Medal was awarded to Mrs. Eddisces, Headingly-hill, Leeds, for a pen of 3 pigs, under S mouths old. DISASTER AT SEA AND Loss OF LlFE.—Livn rooL, TVZSDAY —The packet ship E. Z., Captain Harts horne, which sailed from this port for New York on the 13th ultimo, put back to this port yesterday afternoon, having encountered a gale on the 20th ult., which swept the decks and washed overboard thirteen of the passesen and five of the crew. INCOME TAX AND WAGE..—lldwning street, Dec. 5, 1853.—5ir,-1 am directed by the Chancellor of the Exchequer to acknowledge the receipt of your letter, writ ten on behalf of yourself and the other compositors em ployed in connexion with the Gkee newspaper, on the sub• ject of the extension of the income tax to incomes amounting to 1001. per annum derived (coin the weekly wages of labour. lam instructed by the Chancellor of the Exche quer to inform you that the Income Tax Act applies to all annual income, whether it be made up of weekly payments or not; but the wages of labour are returnable under Schedule I), and no person is liable to the tax, unless he shill have actually received 10d/. pet annum, and upward!. !on an average of three years. The principal point wherein ; you appear to think your case distinguivhable from others, ' is that your employment is not certainly continuous for a year. Upon this it may be observed that if there has be, any actual intermission of employment, b 0 as to mince in any particular instance a man's receipie below 1001. pee annum upon an average of three years, hii is in that case undoubtedly entitled to claim exemption.-1 have the honour to be, sir, your faithful servant, FKANCI.S Ltul.re. —Mr. Thomas Eve.