The Express. — London, England, 1853-07-18 00:00:00

gUt El:preZgi. TO CORttESFONDIINTS. oweli Mon Tbr spree," caetalatteg the ow trentreti Cawlt.," I. rehheliee ee , :y leut.day and ender k 6 Lehi lee it. Wel torheill, Mended f " r, prcgs," Looks Reveal PVC. he at Or t r lee, 10. LO.ver.s.etreet. Sy Tao o'cloci os tN /Ay pea...a... MIGH NATIO: AT LONDON 13RIDGI. nu. DAT—llanitag. II n 45.... _.......Afternoon. Oh. Oa. ..is4aibow—l6umilw. U. Ma. .llltclocen. Oa. elm LONDON, MONDAY, JULY IS. Tr.rrif and justice require us to separate our pre sent great prosperity from the acts of her MAJESTY'S Ministers. In fact, the temporary embarra.sment which the projects of both Mr. DI.RAELL and Mr. GiostillONE have succ.sively caused to trade is not yet fully compensated by the reduction of the tea duties and the abolition of the soap tax. At the same time those much-lauded boons the reduction of the advertisement duty and the use of a promised peony receipt arc t withheld, and business is thus rather impeded than promoted by the CHAN CELLOR of the Excitriar La. Not one of our lead ing statesmen, as fur as we can recollect, was the voluntary, the consistent, the strenuous, ad- TOCate of perfectly free trade, or promoted it to any extent till circumstances forced it on the Ministry of the day. Even yet, in spite of experience, the Whigs are said to be believers in the justice of a tixed duty on corn. The public, therefore, do injus tice to themselves, to their own enterprise :tad exer tions, when they ascribe existing national prosperity to the Ministers, and allow Ministerial advocates to claim for the Coalition the merit of extended trade and the consequent increase of revenue. In the present session much time has been em ployed in licking Mr. GLADSTONE'S financial mea sure. into shape ; and much credit has been given him for the savings he has effected, and is to effect. But his projects for the conversion of the debt bare been a complete failure,—and our journal on Saturday supplied a conclusive proof of the fact. The Bank accounts, which we then published, show that in the week ended on the Itth instant the Go vernment Securities in the possession of the Bank had augmented by the sum of 1,340,336 L As the Bank, which charges 31 per cent. foe loans, has ems thinly not been a buyer of Exchequer Bills at an in terest of 1 per cent.,—however strong might be ils desire to bolster up the falling securities of its greet client,—we may be quite sure that this increase of securities is an amount of deficiency bills which the Government has created, and on which the Bank has advanced its money. The result of Mr. GLAD gromes scheme is to make the Government a borrower, in order to carry on the cur rent business of the country. Last year, the Government had in the hands of the Bank on July 3rd, ready to meet the payments of dividends and salaries which then fell to be paid, 7,847,4701.; on July 2nd in the present year, it had only 5,615,362/., or 2,032,1111. less, and it has been obliged to make up some of the deficiency by a loan of 1,300,0001. It is, we admit, not advisable that the Government should collect large sums from the public to place the money in the Bank, which allows no interest on the deposit, while it charges a very high rate of interest on any of the Government money it lends; but the Government should hare enough to meet ex pected or certain contingencies. Sir ROBERT PEEL condemned very energetically the practice of bor rowing from the Bank on deficiency bills, and framed his financial system on the principle of patting an end to it. What he found objectionable Mr. GLADSTONE cannot defend, and the necessity which compels him to have recourse to it is the condemnation of his schemes. He will have to raise money next year to pay off the holders of South Sea Annuities, and at what rate of interest he will dun be able to borrow, making his conversion scheme a loss or gain, time only can show ; but be got over the difficulty of having to pay off up wards of 3,000,0001. of Exchequer Bills, by taking that sum from the Exchequer balances. It must, however, be noted that the Exchequer Bills he paid off bore interest at the rate of 21 per cent., and might have been all kept afloat at 2 per cent., or It What rate of interest he will pay the Bank on de ficiency bills we know not, but when the Bank will only lend to its other customers at 31 per cent., it must favour the Government very much if it lend at a lower rate to the CHANCELLOR. The sum which the Government will lose by being obliged to borrow on deficiency bills must be set off against its gains from liquidating 3,000,0001. of Exchequer Bills, and will make the balance, if any, a mere trifle in its favour. At the same time, an open, avowed, and well-accredited mode of raising money, not unfavourable to commerce,—that of Ex chequer changed for a mode secret, irre sponsible and discredited. It is very convenient un doubtedly for the Government, like other spend thrifts, to raise loans on its accruing revenue, but the practice is nut honourable. The Government must have the power to borrow from the Bank ; but it is the unanimous opinion of all who have considered the subject that the power is dangerous, and should be exercised as sparingly as possible. Mr. ULADITIONZ . S advocates will and do refer to' the political occurrences in the East, which no finan cier could be expected to foresee as his vindication. Their argument is unfounded. It was stated more than once in this journal before there was any alarm about Russia and Turkey, that the rise in the rate of interest consequent on our very extended enterprise would prevent the success of Mr. GLanevoNt's financial projects. Hitherto the alarm has operated in his favour. No demand has yet ensued for capital to set armies in motion, but trade has been suspended and enterprise ehecked by the policy of Russia. For temporary purposes money was a little more in demand last week than the week preceding, but in that week to which the Bank returns refer, the large increase of private deposits (1,003,9931.), and the decline in pri vate securities to the extent of 692,1281., show that when the Government borrowed the mosey there was no want of money for trade. fit is now six weeks since the Bank raised its rate of interest from 3 to 31 per cent. Money was then rising in value; but it has not continued to rise, and the rats in the market remains below the Bank rate. The best bills are still discounted in London at 3 or 3', per cent. According to the circular of J. H. Li ret.t:Date and Co., of Liverpool, dated the oth inst., The advance in the rate of discount by the Baok of England, on the 2nd June, has had little or no effect either in the produce or money markets ; the demand continues large, but the supply being equally so, no change can be quoted in the rates, 31 to 31 being the current price, accord ing to the date of bills. The cly , ck to operations at home and lot export, as well as in foreign loans and schemes, by the lung-pending itusso-Turkish disputes, will make money mare plentiful. There is quite proof enough in that quotation alone that Mr. GLADSTONE has failed,—not because the Emperor of Resat.► has become fanatical, as well as ambitious, but--because he misapprehended the condition of the Money Market and the circum stances which influence it. His failure, like most of the failures of statesmen, is the consequence of his guiding his conduct Ly It.oking at the past instead of at the present, and inferring the future to which all legislation relates. He took counsel exclusively of the facts of 1832, instead of consulting' the facts of 18.33 and forming a rational estimate of the needs of 1b34. The observation we have transcribed from Messrs. LIT rLED %Lt.'s circular, and the condition of the Money Market since the Bank raised the rate: of interest, show how completely that was unwarranted by the circumstances of the country, though suitable to the condition of the Bank, and how little has been the influence it has exercised. The Bank may lend money to the Government at 3; per cent., but the public will not borrow it at present on those terms. Its advances to the public, which generally mount up very rapidly for a few weeks before the payment of the dividends, actually fell off between May 2st and June 25, 316,1•':/. The Bank is proving to the whole world that it has become, as wo have already more than once stated, of little consequence in the monetary relations of the Empire; and every day the reasons become strorger and stronger why that corporation, whose principal client is the Govern ment, should no longer be considered as of great importance in all commercial affairs. It still pretends to regulate interest, and sometimes, by " putting on tho screw," tries to cheek enterprise. But the capital of society is growing too gigantic to be affected _by the few millions it possesses, and commerce is every day becoming more and more independent of the Bank. At the same time the privileges with which it is still endowed are restrictions on the fair and honourable industry of individuals without apparently being pro fitable to itself. On Wednesday one of its joint stock rivals, which allows interest on deposits, the Union Bank, declared a dividend at the rate of 8 per cent. on its paid-up capital, which is quite equal to , the rate of interest on Bank of England capital ; and other joint-stock banks, we believe, will exhibit an equally - good balance-sheet. The period has been ex tremely favourable for judicious money-lenders; and when joint stock banks which allow interest on de posits can make 8 per cent., the Bank of England can require no privileges to enable it to transact banking business with advantage. The privileges which are undoubtedly injurious to others appear to be also injurious to itself. They lull vigilance to sleep, become the substitute fer energy and exertion, and may end in injury or even ruin. PUBLIC opinion in France has shown itself more undivided on the subject of Russian aggression in the East than upon almost any other question of importance that has occupied the national mind fur a considerable time. There is, we believe, a hearty desire among the industrious and intelligent classes of the community to keep well with England—a de sire which is cordially reciprocated by the thriving and thrifty millions of the United Kingdom. The mutual persuasion grows, that the commerce, civilisation, literature, and freedom of the two great nations of Western Europe are clobely identified; and consequently that their external policy ought in the main to be the same. Their domestic institutions may in many respects differ, but the professed aim of both at least is the happi ness and improvement of the great mass of the com munity. The spirit of both systems is avowedly opposed to the hereditary absolutisms of Eastern Europe; and the abandonment of friendly and inti mate relations between England and France, for the sake of forming on the part of either an alliance with Austria or Russia, would be as unpopular on the other side of the Channel u upon this, and would as certainly bring odium and discredit upon those who should attempt it. There are, however, in both countries certain cliques and sections who cherish the anti-national and anti-liberal designs we have alluded to. The remnants of the Orleanist and Legitimist parties in France, or, as they now affect to call themselves, the party of the Fusionists, hardly disguise the confi dence and hope with which they look towards St. Petersburg and Vienna. Like the votaries of other superstitions, they pray with their faces turned towards the East, and like their predecessors of forty years ago, the adherents of Louts XVIII., " they have learned and unlearned nothing." The restoration of the BOUR BONS was then accomplished, if not by the arms of Austria and Russia, unmistakeably and undisguisedly at the personal instance and direct sanction of the KAISER and the CzAR. Those who now dream of a second overthrow of the Bonapartist dynasty, and a second restoration of the BOURBONS, remember this unfortunately too well, and seek in the same quarters for support and countenance in their plots and schemes. But the French people also re member these things; and hence it is that, with the exception of the Journal des Debate, the Assemble Nalionak, and one or two provincial journals of little note, the entire press is vehemently opposed at the present moment to every idea that seems to savour of compromise or concession to the encroaching demands of the Northern Autocrat. On nearly every question of domestic policy the official Pays differs from the Radi cal &eels, and the Bonapartian Constitutionnel from the free thinking Presse : but all concur in repu diating the notion that the Emperor NICHOLAS is to be suffered to set himself above all the rights and principles et international law, and to lecture the in- I depends* states of Europe upon the duty of passive asboduisa and compliance with his plans and pro late of tstritorial aggression. Apart from all in fluences and emotions of domestic party strife, there is in Franco a deep and strong national spirit, which resents keenly whatever it be lieves to be intended as a usurpation by any of the great Powers of the privileges of an international dictatorship, whether it be exercised directly against France herself, or indirectly over any of her less puissant allies. And there is in England, we are well assured, a spirit as manful and determined to resist, when ever it is necessary, the insolence of foreign dsepot 4 sm, whether manifested against ourselves or against any of those friends arid customers whom we bays taught to look to us for protection and support. As empered with many of those nations which are to be classed in the latter category, our dealings with the half savage tribes of Muscovy, or the down-trodden and terror-stricken subjects of Austria, are of little importance. Serfs and slaves are worth little as customers to a free com mercial people. Piedmont and Holland, the Hance Towns and Belgium, with their limited populations and limited territory, are infinitely more valuable to us than the unwieldy empires, with their mores of millions of vassals, which are governed from Peterhoff or Schoenbrann. Bat the comparison is equally suggested on other grounds. Industry and liberty, civilised wants and civilised rights, are generally fosnd together. As a free people it is impossible for us to be in different to the progress and development of freedom amongst those whom we nationally asso ciate with. It is for our safety, it is for our honour, It is for our profit, that other countries should have free tariffs, free altars, and equal laws; and wo should I l be unfit to hold our place in the van of civilisation if' 1 1 for any transient considerations we proved ourselves to be recreant wit h.this policy and this faith. We are willing to be at peace with the whole world — nay we are most anxious to be so, for peace is an incalculable advantage. We do not meddle with the internal tyranny, by which the populations of Austria and Russia are precluded THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, JULY 18, 1853 from the benefits of religious toleration, free trade, public discussion, and trial by jury; but we can not suffer these absolutist powers further to curtail the freedom of the European world. We cannot afford that they bhould bo suffered to do so; and no govern- meat, however constituted, can long continue to exist in England which is subject to the suspicion of endeavouring to thwart this resolution of the national will against tyrannical aggression. Yet there arc journals in this country, as there are in France, which do not hesitate to set at nought this wise and noble purpose of the people, and to lend themselves to we know not what schemes of dynastic or aristocratic origin ; and which, while they insidi ously counsel the executive to betray their highest trust, do not scruple to upbraid the people for the honesty of their convictions and the candidness with which they express them. The large constituencies which are apt to take the lead in such expressions, are peculiarly obnoxious to the cliques and cabals who look with admiration on those whom they are pleased to style " our absolutist allies;" and when these constituencies presume to use the right of free discussion on a matter so deeply and intimately affecting their interests as the great taxpayers of the nation, they arc held up as fitting objects for obloquy and abuse. Their consistency and character are in their own keeping, and require no word, apolo getic or defensive, from us. But we earnestly and faithfully bid Ministers beware how they listen to counsels so false and fatal as those to which we advert. If we are to have foreign allies, let us seek them among states with whom as a people we have interest in common, and with whom we are not ashamed to avow that we have some sympathy. But let us not be mixed up in dynastic intrigues or alliances. We must never go to war again for the sake of kings or thrones; no cause must ever again induce us to unsbeath a sword but that of an injured people. LATEST FROM THE CONTINENT. TURKEY. VIENNA, JICLY 13. Omer Pacha is reconnoitring the line of the Danube. It was expected that the Turkish troops would eater Wallachia, when a line of demarca tion would be drawn, and a peaceful arrangement awaited. DANUBIAN PRINCIPALITIES. The Russian troops crossed the frontier of Molda via at Foskary on the ith inst., nud entered Wal lachia. DENMARK. COPENHAGEN, JrLY 11. Yesterday there were 53 new cues of cholera, and 36 deaths. Since the 12th of June 427 persons have been attacked, and 234 have died. SWITZERLAND. BERNE, JILT 12. The Council of the Nation has unauimously adopted the following motion :—" The Federal Executive is invited to take steps for obtaining the withdrawal of the measures which some German states (Austria) have adopted towards Switzerland." SPAIN. MADRID, JCLY 13. The probability of a partial modification of the cabinet continues to be generally talked of. MM. Moyanno and Castro are said to be on the eve of quitting the ministry. IMPORTANT FRENCH CIRCULAR DES PATCH. _ ___ _ PARIS. SUNDAY. The Moniteur publishes the second circular of M. de Nesselrode, dated June 20, and the following important despatch sent by the French government to its diplomatic agents abroad : " Paris, July 15, 1E53. " Monsienr,—The new despatch of Count de Nes- selrode, which the Journal de St. Petersburg pub lished the day after it had been sent to all the Russian legations, has produced an impression upon the Em peror's government which his Imperial Majesty has ordered me to convey to you without circumlocution (&tortr). "We cannot but deplore seeing Russia at the very moment when the efforts of all the cabinets to bring about a satisfactory solution of existing diffi culties, bear suoh striking testimony to their mo deration, assume an attitude which renders the success of their negotiations more uncertain, and imposes upon some among them the duty of repudi ating a responsibility which it would be vain to attempt to fasten upon their policy. " I do not desire, sir, to return to an exhausted discussion; but since Count do Nesselrode continues to allege, in support of the pretensions of St. Peters burg, the offence said to have been committed by the Porte in not regarding the promises made to the Russian legation at the period of the first settlement of the Holy Places in 1852, I am forced to repeat that the firmans issued by the Sultan after Prince Menchikoff mission took away all foundation for this single grievance, and that, if any government be authorised to prefer legitimate complaints, it is not the government of his Majesty the Emperor Nicholas. "In fact, on the 10th of May last, Count do Nessel rode, who had then just received despatches from the Russian ambassador at Constantinople, congra tulated himself with General de Castelbajac upon a re salt which he regarded as a happy termination of the affair of the Holy Places. M. Kisselef, in Paris, made a similar declaration, and the agents of tho ca binet of St. Petersburg everywhere used the same language. The demands subsequently made by Prince Menchikoff, when the principal object of his mission was attained, and when his return was al ready announced, were not therefore in any way connected with those which he had prevailed upon the Porte to acsept, and it was really a new question, a more grave difficulty that arose at Constantinople, at the very moment when Europe, an instant alarmed, was invited by Russia herself to be completely reassured. " Taken, in some sort, by surprise, by demands which they . had no grounds for suspecting, the representatives of France, Austria, Great Britain, and Prussia, at Constantinople, loyally employed their efforts to hinder a rupture, the consequences of which might be so fatal. They did not advise the Porte to make any resistance of such a nature as to expose itself to more serious dangers, and, una nimously agreeing that the demands of Russia touched the liberty of action and sovereignty of the Sultan too nearly to allow them to offer an opinion, they left to the ministers of his Highness alone the responsibility of the course to be taken. There was, therefore, on their part, no pressure of any kind, no interference what ever; and if the Ottoman government, left to itself, would not subscribe to the conditions that were de sired to be imposed upon it, the reason must assuredly have been that it considered those conditions entirely incompatible with its independence and dignity. " It was at such a conjuncture, sir, that Prince Menchikoff quitted Constantinople, breaking off all diplomatic relations with the Porte, and that it de volved upon the Powers bound by their traditions and their interests to maintain the integrity of Turkey, to trace out for themselves a line of conduct. " His Impel+ d Mnjesty's government, in accord with that of her Britannic Majesty, thought the situation too menacing not to be narrowly watched, and the French and English squadrons speedily received orders to anchor in Bailie Bay, where they arrived in the middle of the month of June. "'this measure, one entirely of precaution, had no character of hostility towards Russia. It was impe ratively called for by the gravity of the oireum , stances, and amply justified by tho preparation* for war which for several months past had been making in Bessarabia end the harbour of Sebastopol. " The motive for the rupture between the Cabinet of St. Petersburg and the Porte had, so to speak, disappeared. The question which might have been raised on the sudden at Constantinople 1 was that of the very existence of the Ottoman em pire, and his Imperial Majesty's government will never admit such vast interests to be mooted ("se (mune en jeu") without instantly claiming that share of influence and uction which properly belongs to its power and its rank in the world. To the presence of a Russian army upon the land frontier of Turkey, the French government had the right and the duty to reply by the presence of its naval forces at Besika, in a bay freely open to the ships of all na tions, and situated within those limits which treaties prohibit the passing in time of peace. For the rest, the Russian government was soon about to take upon itself to explain the necessity for the movement of the two squadrons. For on the 31st of May, when it was impossible to know at St. Petersburg, where the news only ar rived on the 17th of June, the resolution that might be adopted by France and England, Count Nessel rode sent to the Porte, in the form of a letter, to Reschid Paths, a final ultimatum, with a brief delay, and which contained a ver y . cl early expressed threat of an approaching occupation of the Dann- bian .• When this decision had been come to with a solem- nity which no longer permitted a government jealous of its dignity to modify it ; when by a circular dated June 11, His Majesty the Emperor Nicholas caused his resolution to be announced to Europe as if to render its execution more irrevocable, our squad ron was yet at Salamis, and that of England had not left the port of Malta. "This simple comparison of dates suffices, sir, to show from what quarter proceeded that initiative now sought to be denied, while the responsibility of it is thrown upon France and England ; it is also sufficient to prove that between the communication made to Paris and London of the proposition made directly to Constantinople by Count Nesselrode, and the rejection of that ultimatum, time was materially wanting for the governments of his Imperial Majeety and her Britannic Majesty to exercise their influence at Constantinople one way or the other. No, sir, I say it with all the force of conviction the French government in this grave debate has nothing to reproach itself with; it repudiates from the depths of its conscience no less than before Europe the responsibility imputed to it, and strong in its moderation appeals in its turn to the judgment of the cabinet. Setting aside the so different objects of the two demonstrations, there was perhaps a sort of analogy between the respective situations when the Russian army was on the left bank of the Pruth and the English and French fleets cast their anchors at Besika. The analogy has dis appeared since the passage of the river, which forms the limits of the Russian and the Ottoman empires. Count Nesselrode seems to admit this when he supposes the squadron to be already within sight of Constantinople itself, and represents the military position taken up by the Russian troops on the banks of the Danube, as a compensation for what he calls our ' maritime occupation.' " The English and French forces do not by their presence outside the Dardanelles infringe existing treaties. The occupation of Wallachia and Moldavia, on the contrary, constitutes a manifest violation of these very treaties. That of Adrianople which de termines the condition of the Russian protectorate im plicitly states the case in which that power was to be permitted to interfere in the principalities; it was in case their privileges should be disregarded by the Turks. " In 1848, when these provinces were occupied by the Russians, they were a prey to a revolutionary agitation, which equally threatened their own secur ity, that of their sovereign, and that of the protecting power. The convention of Balta-Liman established that, if similar events should recur within a period of seven years, Russia and Turkey should jointly take measures to restore order. "Are the privileges of Wallachia and Moldavia menaced? Have revolutionary troubles broken out in their territories? The facts themselves answer that at present no cause has arisen for the application either of the treaty of Adrianople or the convention of Balta-Liman. By what right did the Russian troops pass the Pruth if not by the right of war ?—a war, I admit, the true name of which they will not pronounce, but a war derived from a new principle fraught with disastrous consequences, which one ts astonished to see practised for the first time by a power so eminently conserva tive of European order as Russia—a principle leading to nothing less than the oppression in time of peace of weak States by their powerful neigh bours. "The general interest of the world is oppdsed to the admission of such a doctrine, and the Porto in particular has the incontestable right to see an act of war in the invasion of two provinces which, whatever may be their special organisation, form an integral part of her empire. Neither the Porte, therefore, nor the powers that might come to her aid, would violate the treaty of July 13, 1841, if she were to declare the straits of the Dardanelles and Bosphorus open to the French and English squadrons. The opinion of his Imperial Majesty's government is formal upon this point; and although it does not think this opinion, excludes the attempt to find an efficacious means of concialiation between Russia and Turkey, I have requested General de Caatelbajac to make known to Count de Nesselrode the way in which we view the subject, and to com , sunicate this despatch to him. I also authorise you Ito transmit a copy to M—. "Accept, air, the assurance of my high considera tion. " Ditoev:l-oe-Leue3." PARIS, thruaesv. A favourable reaction took place yesterday at the Bourse, business generally being active and a rise of about !, per cent. in nearly every description of stock having occurred at its termination, the precise amounts being 55c. In the Three per Cents. for sash, and the Three and Four-and-a-Half per Cents. foe the account, and 20c. in the Four-and-a-Half per Cents. for cash. In Bank of France shares there was an improvement of sf. The final quotations were :—For cash : Three per Cents., 77fr. 45e. ; Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 102 fr. 10e. For the account : Three per Cents., 77fr. 35c.; Four-and-a- Half per Cents., 102 fr. 03e. Bank Stock, 2,660 fr. Northern, 860 fr. ; Paris and Orleans, 1,110 fr.; Paris and Strasbourg, 910 fr. ; Paris and Lyons, 9101 r. ; Paris and Rouen, 1033 fr.; Lyons to the Mediterra nean, 730 fr.; Western of 1' ranee, %Mr.; Rouen and Havre, 493 fr.; Bordeaux and Cette, 618 fr. 75e. ; Caen and Cherbourg, 610 fr. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. The Correspondance of Berlin of July 11, cited by the Constitutionnet, says that the Prussian govern ment has abandoned the idea of sending a superior officer to Constantinople, and that, after a cabinet qouncil presided over by M. Man ten ffe l before bis de par ruse. an order was sent to the Prussian ambassador at Constantinople to abstain from all participation in the proceedings of the other powers, and to remain neuter. "From this," adds the Correspondance, .. it is evident that the Prussian ambassador will not act in concert with the Austrian intermincio, and that Prussia will avoid declaring against Russia." The Djbata of Sunday says :—" A private tele graphic despatch from Narseilles, dated Saturday, July 16, brings intelligence from Constantinople which must come down to July 3, although the despatch does not say so. When the boat kft there was a certain degree of uneasiness at Constantinople. It was feared that the Turks and Greeks, excited by political circumstances, might commit some regret table excesses. The passage of the Pruth was just known. Aixording to the latest news, the number of Russian troops in Wallachia amounted to 50,01 n) men. The French and English ambassadors had requested the Greek government to discontinue its maritime preparations. The fleets ' were still in Besika Bay." The Constitutionnel says of the news brought by this packet there wan but little change in the situa tion. It presented nothing alarming. We learn 1 from another source that a despatch from Vienna, l received yesterda)• evening by a commercial house, I 1 announces that there is every rearm to hope the 1 Anglo-French proposition will lre accepted at St. a Petersburg. Tho Pays says:—" We have new details from Cenatantinoplo proving the union which exists be tween the ambassadors of the divers powers to pre- pare the way for a pacific solution. There are, we ice told, frequent conferences be tween the repn , sentativcs of the four great powers, nt understanding inspires the public confidence. M. de Bruck not only joins and t th their excelle . his efforts to those os` his colleagues, but attempts to find in his own initiat. ye new means of conciliation. The representatives of t,he four powers arc, it is said, agreed upon a form to bo given to their mediation. A note, drawn up by the consent of all four, will be communicated offrieusenvne to Russia by Austria, and, after having obtained the consent of the Czar, Austria will officially ask the Russian government to receive an extraordinary ambassador from the Sultan charged to remit the note and renew diplomatic re lations." _ _ . A letter from Jassy, dated July •tth, says: — "General Dannenberg crossed the Pruth at nine in the morning of the 3rd, with 10,000 Infantry. The Russian troops entered the town at night in a pour ing rain, quite broken down with hunger and fatigue. They were lodged in baste, and without any order, upon private individuals. The soldiers impatient for repose entered the houses by force, in stalled themselves, and imperiously demanded pro visions. All classes of the population are plunged in profound consternation." SWITZERLAND. BERNE, JVLY 8. What seemed a few weeks ago to be a political crisis has disappeared. Everybody is calm, and we aro all talking about the return of floe weather and the shoals of travellers which a clear sky tempts to wards our Alps. English, as usual, form a large pro portion of the immigrants, and this year their number is greater than ever. The Grcinsel Hos pice, which, as you know, was burnt down by the incendiary Zybach, formerly its host, is in course of reconstruction, and ten rooms are already finished. A few days ago a young Jager from Turin shot a bear in the Lukmanier pass. Last week an American boy was lost in the Brunig. He was riding under the especial charge of a guide, but while this person was lighting his pipe, the horse slipped, and the lad disappeared, irrevocably lost amongst the wet and snow. The Parkiniento, of Turin, quotes a letter from Berne, of the 7th, stating that the governments of France and England have recommended the Federal Council to use its influence with the canton of Ticino, in order to induce it to put an end to tho Austro- Swiss question, so inconvenient in the present state of affairs in Europe. The Federal Government had advised the Canton to admit the Austrian claim of a pension for life to the eight Capuchins, but the Grand Council of Ticino has absolutely refused to comply, on the ground that Austria offers no indemnity to the expelled Ticinese. In consequence of this, the Presi dent of the Federal Council is said to have addressed a note to the foreign ministers residing at Berne, to the effect that he cannot hold out the slightest hope of an arrangement of the difference, upon a basis which both the government and canton of Ticino refuse to accept. GERMANY. The Kreuz Zeitung, the organ of the absolutist and anti-constitutional party, which is very strong at the court of Berlin, has received a warning from the government. This bold proceeding ou the part of M. Manteuffel shows that he considers his posi tion as Premier to be beyond the power of the cava lier party which environs the King. The conductor of the Kreuz Zeilung has resigned. This paper is, with the exception of the Frankfurt Journal, the only one in Germany which has attempted to justify the recent conduct of the Emperor of Russia. AMERICA. ARRIVAL OF THE NIAGARA. LIVERPOOL, SUNDAY. . _ . . The British and North American royal mail steamer Niagara, Captain Leitch, commander, arrived in the Mersey this morning, at five o'clock, with the American mails from Boston and Halifax, 174 pas sengers, and a small amount of specie. She left Boston on the 6th, and Halifax early on the morning of the Bth instant. The British ambassador to the United States, Mr. Crampton, came passenger to Halifax by the Niagara, and the Hon. N. Hawthorne, the newly-appointed consul at Liverpool, with his lady and family, and the Hon. S. S. McDonald, speaker of the Canadian parliament, are amongst the passengers to Liverpool. There is very little news by this arrival, the celebration of the 4th of July having, as usual, absorbed all other matters, whether political or commercial. The day was celebrated with the usual festisities, reviews of militia, pro cessions, music, and a tearful amount of filing of both cannon and small arms, from the inju dicioua use of which by inexperienced hands quite a list of serious accidents arose in New York and other places. Ai the village of Tarry Town, West Chestcr county, the day was marked by the laying of the first stone of a granite column, to be erected to the memory of the captors of the unfortunate English man Major Andre, during the war of independence. The column is erected on the precise spot where the arrest took place, nearly (53 years ago. General Almonto, the ambassador from Mexico, lately appointed by Santa Anna, has arrived at Washington, and was to be presented to the Presi dent on the 6th. We learn from thence, also, that the Mexican and American troops had met at El Paso on friendly terms, and resolved to leave the question of the possession of the Mecilla Valley to the statesmen of the two countries. The Hon. Pierre Soule had arrived at New York, en route to Madrid, as American ambassador to Spain. A terrific fire occurred at Oswego on the sth, by which property to a very large amount was de stroyed. The fire extended over a space of about 45 acres, and destroyed nearly 200 dwellings. Three hundred thousand bushels of grain were consumed in the flames, and the entire loss has been estimated at 1,500,000 dollars. Many persons have been in jured by falling timbers, but no lives were reported as lost. A despatch from Baltimore on the sth states that a fearful riot had occurred the day previous at Anna polis, between some of the citizens and the passen gers on board the steamer Powhattcn, on an excur sion from Baltimore. The inhabitants fired into the boat as she was leaving the wharf, badly wounding seve ral of the passengers, one it was feared fatally. There were over 500 persons on board the boat at the time. A severe storm occurred at Cincinnati on the 4th, doing great damage to the crops. The President of the United States has accepted the invitation to attend the opening of the Crystal Palace, which is to be inaugurated on the 14th. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. NEW YORK, JULY 5. Our national holiday, celebrated yesterday, leaves us hardly anything to report. Both money stocks and rates of exchange remain as last quoted. Cotton is quiet. Flour Icvs firm. The tobacco market is active, and the late ad vance maintained. TERRIFIC THUNDERSTORM AT NEW YORK.-THREE MEN KILLED AT ' THE CRYSTAL PALACE. At five o'clock yesterday afternoon (says the New York Tribune of the 2nd inst.) a terrific storm of rain, hail, and lightning rose suddenly from the north-west, and passed over the upper part of the city and neighbourhood. It was quite moderate its the lower part of the town, and probably scarcely felt on Staten bland. The whole affair lasted not more than a quarter of an hour, yet the results were most disastrous, as will be seen by the tenoning ac counts from our reporter. ilaprening to be in the neighbourhood of the Palace about 5 o'clock last evening, we sought shelter under its ample roof from an impending thander-storm of very threatening appearance, rapidly approaching from the west. About ten minutes after the storm burst, the most terrific hailstorm we., ever saw began to rattle like discharges of musketry upon t'Ac tin roof and glass ' , icier , . Some of the masses of ice wets as large as hen's eggs. There were probably a thousene. ex cited workmen in the building, and a good many exlr,hitors and visitors, among whom there were some twenty l a di es , some of whom appeared a good deal alarmed at t' s ,e aw ful din. A portion of the framework of the additi on next to 42,1-at . went clown with a terrible crash, and - A part of the brick wall of the engine-house on the opper Ate side of the street, was blown over, crushing two or three shanties, fortunately without any other injury the', driving the occu pants out into the storm. But an esti'. scene occurred on the north side of 43d-st., directly opposite the Letting Tower. Here two large nutinishe a frame buildings were blown, or rather, we should juel' / e from appearances, were s l ushed down into a mesa of tu ,ns, such as may be imagined by supposing a great we igh; had fallen, with a circular, grinding motion, upon '.as first fine fabrics. One of them was partly sided, and had the rafters up, but no reef The other was sided and roofed with tin, an d was bting . plastered. We were told 1: was three sto r i es hi gh, .5„ , by 98 feet. We reached the ruins among the first after the burst of the storm subsided a lick. 'the scene was such as we pray God we may never witness again. A small partien of the roof and upper part of the front of the building stood, or 'ether partly hung Over, the side walk. The cherub. r and lower floor of the front rooms lay flat together. 'I he sides were standing. In the rear all were down. It seems the frame of the other building came down with a deafen ing crash at the alms time, confusing instead of warning these in danger. At any rate, before they could tecape, they were huiied in a mass of timber, arid there of them instantly killed, and four or five dangerously wounded, and others slightly bruised and badly fright s Led. A large police force were early on the ground, and llonk and Ladder Company Nu. 2, and Huse Company No. 27, Caine up very soon and assisted to clear off the ruins in search of more viCti.lll. Twu of the dead were carried into the tower, and one to the railroad house, Forty.fourth• street. Some of the worst of the wounded were taken into the tower, where they had their wounds dr, esed by Dr. Smith, mineralogist of the Crystal Palace, assisted by Dr. McDonnell, of the chief of police's office. THE WEST INDIA NAIL The Royal West India Mail packet Orinoco, Capt. Nast, Lieut., It.N., from the West Indies, &c., ar rived at Southampton yesterday, and landed her mails under the charge of Lieutenant l'onsonhy, R.N., Admiralty agent. Her dates are—Chagres, June 23; Carthagena, ; Jamaica, 26; Demerara, 23 ; Trinidad, 26 ; Barbadoes, 28; Antigua, 28 ; Martinique, 28; Grenada, 26; I'orto Rico, July 2; St. Thomas, 3; La Guayra, June 27. The Orinoco brings home 71 passengers, and 24 invalids from ships of war and packets, among whom are General La I•'itte de Lacy, governor of Martini que, lady and suite. The freight on hoard includes 538,316 dols. from Chagres on account of merchants. Fourteen persons have ditd on board the Orinoco of yellow fever; amongst them are the third and fifth engineers. The chief engineer of the Derwent died in the West Indies; also Lieut. Warren, Admiralty agent. There has been no fresh cases of nue, on board the Orinoco during the last nine days, cud she therefore obtained pratique. The crops, it was generally believed, would give an average yield. This was particularly true of sugar, and at St. Kitts there was not shipping suf ficient to carry away what was in hand. The islands were unhealthy, especially St. Kitts, Antigua, Do minica, Granada, and Trinidad, yellow fever pre vailing more or less is all of them, but it was on the decrease, and a better season was looked forward to. Demerara was in a salubrious condition. INDIA. THE OVERLAND MAIL We have received our despatches in anticipation of the Overland Mail. The dates arc : Bombay, May 30 ; Calcutta, June 3rd ; Colombo, June 11. Our Bombay correspondent writes : BOMBAY, 14!.tv 30. _ . Burnish news this mail takes precedence of all others. The 13urmese commissioners on the 10th inst. again visited Prome, and after three hours inter , view with our commissioners—General God% in and Commodore Lambert—stated that they refused to accept or sign the treaty offered them, tt hen they were directed immediately to quit the city, and this they did at once. We had offerel to withdraw our boundary to within six miles of Prome north and six miles north of Tonghoo ; but they said they would not sign away any of their territory, which had been seized owing to the bad conduct of the late King, and for which the present ruler should not and could not be made answerable. They at first asked for thirty, then fur three days further delay ; hut thii would not be granted. As at first suspected would be the case, our concessions to the Burmese in the first instance has only ma3c them the more exacting in their demands ; they imagine we are anxious to be at peace, and will make any sacrifices to attain our object. The ambassadors were told that we should now act vigorously against them, and that Meanday, now in our possession, would at once be annexed to the province of Pcgu. The Medusa steamer left • Prow fur Meanday on the 10th. The celebrated robber chief Mesh Toon has escaped from l'egu to Ava, where he has been most warmly received by the Burmese authorities, and ere long he will doubtless again be in the field against us at the head of the lawless ruffians with which Ava is said to abound. It was well known from the first that Meah Toon was encouraged in his operations against us by the Court of Ava. The advance on the capt- till had been ordered, and active preparations were in progress when last advises left ; the river steatners were being fitted up for the reception of troops, and a fleet of gun-bouts was being got ready for service. But the health of her Majesty's Nth and 80th was very bad, and the corps had been obliged to be sent away out of Promo for change. The officers and crew of the Sesostris steam frigate were in a bad state of health, and many had teen sent away sick: the oil boat had not been out of the river since April, 1852. Captain Byng, of he Ist Bengal Fusiliers, died on the 18th April. General Steele reached Shuygeen about 20th April, on lin way to Rangoon : the cantonments at this place wert progressing rapidly—provisions for six months had been stored for the troops both here and at Tongboo. Captain Berdmore and his troops had reached. Be ling, which they found in flames, the robber chief Moung-goon having fled on hearing of their near approach. Nothing is said of any sickness at either Rangoon or Maulmain. The weather was hot and disagreeable. Further troops arc to be despatched from Bengal without delay. THE PUNJAUB. Scarcely a word of news has been received from any part of the Punjaub since my last. The weather at Peshawur was cool and agreeable, and all alarm of outrage on the frontier had again for a time sub sided. '1 he new ruler of Mooltan is said to be in rather an unquiet state of mind, in consequence of our government not as yet having recog . niscd his ac cession to the throne of his ancestors: internal ene- mies were endeavouring to breed discord, and the Nawaub had given offence to many of Lis former supporters by the manner in which he dealt oat equal justice to them in common with his other sub jects. A blacksmith at Lela seriously wounded Mr. Jenkins on the 13th inst. : the gentleman is doing well, the would-be murderer is to be imprisoned for life. SCEcI)E. 1 ..), We have news to thJ:Tirdfrom Korrachec. The population of this town and its suburbs amounted to 22,227 souls against 16,773 in 1850, and was daily becoming larger. Iron ore is said to prevail largely all over the province, which, on being tried, was found too brittle for immediate use, but which will no doubt be turned to account, ere long, in Scinde. Lients. C. Edwards and Thompson, of her Majesty 'o ' 64th Foot, had gone lion hunting into Kattiawar, where the former died of fever and the latter nar rowly escaped; he was by last accounts lying at Itajcote dangerously ill. br. Cameron, acting civil surgeon, had reached Kurrachee. The weather was Lot and disagreeable. Captain Vincent, commissariat officer at Ilyderabad, has gone to the Cape on sick leave. The river near Hyderabad was rising slowly, but the Fullailie branch was yet quite dry. BOMBAY. Lord Fitzelarenco has again been alarmingly an well, and it is feared he mill now he eblged to go home. A large carbuncle on his head was opened 'yesterday week, after which he became so ill that his death was thought cerain. Dr. McLennan was summoneduesdl) toau bye attend the express noble fr onithepresidency lord, who I what recovered. The drill demehments have left the hills for Poona; previous to their departur e the y were entertained at the expense of the commander h has now on l goViicie.ll - at a sumptuous dinner, as a mark of his gratification with the progress made by Until in the new exercise, and of their good behaviour. Len Falkland continues in good health. The hills will be deserted by all the great folks shortly, as the rains approach apace. Lieutenant Wheatstone, ";th Native Infantry, died at Point de Calle on the 30th ult., on his way home; and Lieutenant Newell artillery, at Nusseerabad, on the 21st instant. Sit C. M. Jaelo.on has been elected a member of Oa Royal Asiatic Society. Colonel Swinburne, 83rd Foot, goes home in the ship Fanny. A terrific storm burst on Poonah on the afternoon of the 2741