The Express. — London, England, 1851-09-18 00:00:00

ght ergrews. TO CORIMPONDENTS. • rend Edition .f .11.• pew,' welidameAls rrabes G•sette," rat:41.1.1 anti Tessikr wed nog ftitai II Um Ow pod. Advertremista ileceJad fat "7M Opine Loin pow. Mr be al tlke .Idicfa, to, swanp.strastOi Two edge is t RION WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tat. Ml—Monte& S. 2114 Aftersolh GIL CIL Te.epaimr—Munlag. 13a. .AfteraseL ; L Oa. LONDON, THURSDAY SEPTEMBER 19. We have purposely delayed expressing the opinions suggested by the late railway accidents, aware how fear and anger predominate in the first moments that elapse after aoirh catastrophes. We have fully participated in such sentiments; but they are bad councillors, and arc very apt to end in idle declama tion, or in advice very to the purpose. Nor are fear and anger the sole motives, there being parties who have strong interests and opinions, for leaving railways to the management of proprietors, or fur depriving proprietors of all control and ma nagement, in order to vest them in the hnnds of government. The letter scheme might remedy the evils which arise from the anxiety of proprietors to extract front railways a fair and profitable dirt dend. Hut without this anxiety and care we may consider hundreds of millions of capital to be last and sunk to the great detriment of the pablie wealth ; whilst that tenderness for the public con venience or censure, which railroad proprietors may be made to feel, would he utterly load upon a govern ment administration. We have but to contemplate how our Custom-house authorities treat our -mer chants, or how our EsLiSe authorities treat the manufacturers subjected to them, to learn how a go verronsiit railway heard would treat the public, were locomotion made an apansge of government, and entrusted to a central management in Somerset house. At the same time circumstances have driven rail. way directions into experiments and cosines far be- I pod what their expoienee, their materiel, the first oust ractionof the line, or the formation of trustworthy servants warranted. Competition, which in most cues was entered into more to avoid ruin than to snatch at extraordinary gains, necessitated divers things. In the first place it impelled English rail ways to make use of a degree of speed nut compati ble with general safety, and not suitable to the materiel hitherto employed. And that degree of ;speed contributes to danger not m-rely in their terms trains, where it is produced to a sitcri vision. but even in all trains, where the habit,' of high speed necessarily creates a recklessness, perilous to the lives entrusted to it. Yet none have called for speed more imperatively than the public, that has been j lard by it. In a e :r d on to the needless rinks, generated from the necessity and the habit of speed, have come this year the neecavity of transporting greater numbers than were ever contemplated. To these, we need not say, railways are indebted to the Great Exhibition, and to the attraction which it has bestowed upon the metro polis. It is not merely railway directors. but all men of local eminence and authority, who have devised and put in practice means for bringing up to and bringing back from London, once in the season, we •niglit say, the whole population of England. To 'ids is to be added the influx front the Con tinent. For tho number of travellers thus arti ft ially created, and yet for the creation of v hich surely praise is to be Emmons', not :dame, it was unavoidable, that the number of trains should be augmented, and that certain hairs should Le eh( apened, and regulated as excursion and excep- ' tional ones. That great difficulties and some in creased peril have arisen from them was inevitable; that the superintendents and ottleiali of rail ways, as well as their machinery, must have been most severely tried by such a con tllld such an irregularity of traffic may be conceived; all of which circumstances ought to be taken into account, when we conceive anger and deal reprimands to the present defects of railway management. The cause of the deplorable accident at Bicester is plain enough. The person in charge of the points. thrown into perplexity by his own doubts as to which line it was infest to direct the train upon, that perplexity inert-used by a fellow-servant calling out to rum, held the points firmly to allow the engine to go one way, and relaxed his hold in subsequent nervousness, so that the carriages ran upon the other. here the dreadful catastrophe, with loss of property and life, depended upon the greater or less pressure of a nervous mans hand upon a bar of iron. Indubitably this should be the first danger obviated. We have never beheld a railway train entering a crossing, and perceived that its direc tion depended altogether not only on the bused of an individual, but upon that indivi dual hand exerting continuous strength —we have never observed this without a shudder. Surely science could devise a piece of mechanism, which by the turn of a button or a spring should fix and retain the points in a given position, and plea that change of position in the power of one act of the will, instead of being the icault of prolonged physical exertion. Were at pointsman to faint or stumble at the critical moment, the consequences would have been the same as those which followed WILMOT'S perplexity at Iticester. What the jury observed on this subject is also well worthy of attention, and borne out by the circum stances. But there arc preventives of collision, re commended and pressed by the jury upon the Blaster inquest, which we think a very great mis take. We allude to the denunciation of single lines. There is nothing so much to be desired as that the great arteries of railroad communication should be ffillowed out in the veins, and the smaller towns and remote districts should have their means of commune cation as well as the great cities and populous dis tricts. The arteries are the double and triple lines, but the veins can be no more than single. The' small towns and remote districts would never pay for the expense of a double rail; and if they are to have steam communication at all, they must have it it by single lines. To put an anathema upon these, therefore, is to disinherit and preclude half tho country of one of the greatest boons of the age. 'llw objection, moreover, to single lines as quite unfounded. Lines are required in proportion to the traffic. A single line in Buckinghamshire is as ample as a quintuple line between Bermondsey and Loadon-bridge. Crossings must be used on all roads ; slow trains make way fur quick ones to pass. Doub le lines of rail do not prevent the necessity of trains passing into sidings. On the other hand, if single lines offer some danger from the necessary use of sidings, they are certainly tree from a great many risks sad perils to which double lines are Roble. These saw* suggest themselves at once to every one. We aft say, indeed, that the inhabitants of • Mak blessed with bet a single line would &ay are it converted into a double one. It midi be mach more convenient, and admit of • greater slumber of trains. But the question. will dm double line pay? addresses itself to another class equally interested and fully deserving of being bad We are sorry, therefore, that whilst eel& 'a way officials were present at the inrestigalion s lam el them were nut consulted by the jar" b the restive merits, with a view to scennty and profit, of double and of single lines. Drama the present autumn we hare in vain looked for reports of the long speeches at agricultural meetings frail which we were w on t t o gather sonic insight into the tone and temper of the agricultural mind, and its aspect towards landlordism on the one aide, and the public ou the other. Possibly the landed magnates and the gentry have been hitherto enraged in grouse and partridge shooting, while the farmers have been far more usefully occupied in get ting in a full harvest. Meetings of agriculturists have been held here and there, but they seem to have taken place for some such practical object as to witness the operations of a reaping machine, or , the like, rather than delude or alarm each other with sinister prophecies of impending ruin. And it is a good sign when little is heard of what may be railed agricultural politics, for it is then certain farmers are not doing much amiss. Not that we would venture to affirm that they are content at this moment, or that they have not many fair and just cables for dissatisfaction ; but their silence proves that they have made up their minds to do that I . THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 18, which alone can give succem—namely, help them- carry with it all the authority eiflim phut% supported selves. the army and the nation. Dame that Sat Louis At last, however, we meet with the reported pro- Na poleon , however loath, most beer. At Inuit the ccedings of one such meeting where tho sentiments results of the petition movement, and of the debates uttered are those of hope and encouragement, telling of the eouncila-general, give no warrant whatever openly to the assembled farmers opinio n s which are for supposing that the present head of the republic every day becoming more prevalent among the land- will be floated by an irresistible majority over the owners. This occurred at the recent ann ua l meeting barrier of the law. With the regard to the proba of the North Lancashire Agricultural Society, held bility of his demurring to yield up the executive at Lancaster, where the president of the year, Lord power,it isneedless to speculate. It is enough to know DE TABLET, manfully, and in as plain terms as the , that without that overwhelming majority,which there non-political character of the meeting permitted, lis little chance of obtaining, all resistance must be told the members that they must abando n all thought I hopeless. For these manna lam disposed to regard of protection, and cast their lot with the rest of their the candidature of the Prince de Joinville in a much countrymen, looking to the prosperity of the whole more serious light than that in which the Union and community, and turning it to their own advantage Constitationnei choose to consider it. The ultralegi by means of skill and industry. timbre appear disposed to support Changarnior; but any re-this general is understood to favorer the claims of tho As from the causes we have mentioned , ported speeches at agricultural meetings during the Orleanist Prince. present month will be few and far between, and It seems that M. Curlier is so well contented with the chief notices of such gatherings which we must the success of his plans for molesting republican con expect are likely to be brief announcements in curt versations in the Estaniinet tie Paris, that Leis about para ,, raplis, mentioning the fact of such meetings, to apply it in several other resorts of the democratic with names of the chairman and the rural notabi i- public. The system of bullying private companies ties, and perchance a compliment to the host's skill who talk politics in the cates, by letting loose on in catering fur the guests, we must not omit to offer them the agents of the public force, is one of the a few comments on Lord DE TABLET'S speech. Ile most odious aggressions on society which has yet thought— made its appearance in the latitude of Paris. lie need only refer to their own society as a proof of the The news received by the government from the encouraging position of agriculture in this county. lie eolith of France arc of a nature to make it probable could only wish, for the sake of agriculturists, that the that the state of siege will be extended to several general state of agriculture was much better than it 'Nadi,' more departments. was at the present time; but they were not met there to Th e new soc i al i st paper, entitled the Berolotion, consider what bad contributed to the present depression, neither were they met to indulge in any idle hopes and c its fi rst appearance this morning. byeota,SCS as to what might arise in future, but they were 'I he second session of the councils of arrondissc met a, British agriculturists, determined to look the present mint has begun. The council of Nancy has pro state of things boldly in the face, and by their own met nounced in favour of revision. gin end exert ions to meet the necessities of the times so far General Castellane has returned to Lyons from his as they could. The present was au important period— tour of inspection. indeed, it might be regarded as the turning point in the history of agriculture; and it was a favourable The place of meeting of the democratic association augury when the farmers (and not less the land- of Liegaitz has been closed, by order of the police. lords) of England were beginning to find out that At a special meeting of the Municipal Council of Ms best way to meet the difficulties of the Pari s the necessary powers have been given to the ass was by the ezercise of the talents which God bad Prefect of the Seine for offering compensation to the Ores them, and not by lamentations over the past. He knew the sacrifices which both farmers and landlords had owners and occupiers of the houses required for the made during the past few years, but he besought them not prolongation of the Rue de Ilivoli. The work of to stop in their present cieleavoun, for there was great and demolition will be commenced simultaneously reasonable ground fur no...dation and hope in the present at the two extremities, beginning at one state of the country generally. The farmers of this couietry end between the Rue des roulies and the would not like to be considered as a clam apart from the great commonwealth, and at the present time there were Hue de la l'ilonnaie, and at the other be luga. of general prosperity in the country. tween the square in front of the Hotel de Ville and lie proof of which his lordship referred to the poor the streets of Jean-de-flipiuo and Ecrivanis. A law returns, which b11.1%111 that poor law relief had judgment for the appropriation of the ground abo v e diminbled , and was diminishing in every county in described, being a part only of what will be re- England, except seven. He then went off in praise quired for the whole improvement, was pronounced of the gnat Exhibition, the monster excursion trains on the 3rd instant. The compensation for this ground which enabled the population of the north to view it and the eighty houses standing upon it, has been at a cheap rate, and predicted " that when all other valued at d.,2J,1,40tifr. bac., of which 6,553,2201 r. is classes in the country were in a state of prusperity, estimated to be due to the owners, and 702,188 fr. 8.3 e. it must at no distant day re-act favourubly oa agn- to the occupiers. To meet these sums, and any pore culture." Bible excess of the estimates which may be given by And he distinctly told room that such prosperity a jury, the council has voted a sum of Y 9 millions of must be brought about by their own exertions, and francs out of the temporary loan agreed to bo made by availing themselves of modern improvements, by the Bank of France to the city of Paris. referring to the state of agriculture now as cont. At the Bourse the Fives fell 20c., closing at 91.35, pared with what it was a few cars ago, to show and the Threes fell 23c., and closed at 53.85. what improvement had already been made, and as aii encouragement to further exertion. The state of the society, its increesing members and growing funds , together with the additional numbers of stock sad implements exhibited now, as compared with the year 1517—a year of high prices—alt showed a prosperous state of things. And this hopeful speech INN responded to by the hearty cheers of the three hundred agriculturists who act down to the society's dinner. Nor can any one deny that this encouraging account of the agriculture of Lancashire given by Lord De TAHLEY es in the main true as applied to other districts. It is impossible in anydistriet to look back for ten or twelve years, and note what has been done in the way of agricultural improvement within that period, without at the same time admitting the changes fur the better to have been very consider able ; and such a retrospect will convince the most sceptical how much more than has yet been at tempted remains to be done. For though, in even the least improved and least improving agricultural districts there are not wanting works and acts which show to demonstration what skill and energy will do for the soil, improvement, it must be ad mitted, proceeds with very unequal steps. There is a man who by enterprising outlay has more than doubled the produce of the land he occupies, while the next farm may be held by a fanner who has ad vanced very huh; beyond the routine of cultivation pursued by his grandfather. And such instances of want of enterprise and stationary farming are usually bond on the estates of the landowners who persist is keeping their tenants in a state of dependence by 1111111WS of yearly holdings, their rents not being high, sad where the tenants have for generations sue seeded their forefathers in their occupations. Such Is said to be the state of the large estates of the Duke of CLEVELAND, and of many others we might mention. Still such proprietors commonly consider them selves, and are nut unfrequently called may others, good landlords ; and yet • their system of manage ment is such as is almost invariably adverse to good farming. Why is thin? A landowner of this sort, regretting to a . friend the want of enterprise amongst his tenantry, and the inferior manner in which his land was fanned, inquired what he should do to in duce his tenants to improve, and received for reply, " Double their rents and give them twenty-one years leases." And, though such farmers would doubt less consider this a rough and harsh remedy, it is certain that other farmers of more active and intelli gent habits would, for the sake of long leases, framed on a fair and rational basis, often give much higher rents, and in so doing would make much larger profits than the slow-going old fashioned formers would conceive it possible to pay or to make. Tho whole secret consists in giving farmers freedom and emu eity:—freedom to follow out their own interests, with security for the permanent enjoyment of the fruits of their own industry. MADRID, SEPT. 12. Nwal liet 11 Yaw. Ovular Wm& fa Cain -- 4pa Oslo. 3se OWL 9130 91 63 9t 63 91 10 91 U : 111.11 =- 31" il l ... ... ... ... ... ••• ... ... DIWIII- • swit Mao . LarA i tri b a .. to y sitt i ll: ; 90 ta dam 5191 , 4 ) . I. 1111 — ... I . B:0.8 Lama, 8eat ....... 144 16' 7. • Do. ikincat 3 p.... 61. 79 SO I Bank Shark rAIIII, Barr. 17.—Versailles Welt bank), 263; 4111,1158 Wk), 213; Park and Oakes% 143; Perk and Ileum. SODS Zama sad nom, ; Itarkilles sad Aftiaaa, 1 1 . 1 31 5tr0 z.......t, 130 Bor ; Cent re. ass, ; 44; , 60; lloolzse llo aad ..,...: 1 Iltreakmag. rip; Tour. and Nagai. 2 1 33 30 1 16 : 969919 6 and V 107% WS; amps sad !team^ 195. Far Amami. PAIUS, Buy. IT. FRANCE. PARIS, WEDNESDAY Evasiso. The French government has received official intel ligence. through the telegraph of Madrid, of the de feat and death of Lopez and his companions. They were not executed like the prisoners taken at sea, bat killed fighting. The ronstilistionnel states that the French govern ment is about to communicate a note to the cabinet of Washington on the subject of the affairs of Cuba. The British government on receiving notice of this resolution, has replied that it entertains the inten tion of making a similar communication to the go vernment of the United States. M. Francois Hugo and the gt , rant of the Erene ment have appealed to the Court of Cessation against the sentence pronounced by the Court of Assizes. The appearance of the Prince de Joinville in the field as a candidate for the presidency, which most now be regarded as authentic, has been discussed by the Bonapartist and legitimist papers in a tone of supercilious levity, which is calculated to mislead the public as to the , real weight of this candidature, and its ultimate prospect of success. From what I can gather from calm and important observ ers, the new name is making rapid way in the de partments, and is ttatherino numerous adherents among the buergreisie, who regard the rule of Louis Napoleon as launched upon a career which must confirm, instead of mitigating, the repressive govern ment called into activity by the revolution. The statesmen who support the Prince do Joinville form by far the most important, although small, fraction of the Assembly, in which they have earned for themselves the title of the parliamentary party. It is absurd to think that the new phase of their policy has been adopted without the most deliberate calcu lation, or will be extinguished by anything less than an overpowering force. The grand argument brought against the Prince de Joinville's candida ture is, that thereby the party of order is divided, to the great hazard Of defeat by the socialists. M. Thiers and his friends would answer this argument in two words. Theywould say that it is better that the party of order should be divided, than commit suicide by being united in favour of a candidature which must remain Winged with illegality. They would say that the fear of a socialist majority is per fectly idle; and that the socialist candidate could not possibly, under the present electoral law, scrape together two millions. The division of the party of order is, therefore. simply reducible to referring the question of the election to the National Assembly:lt is evidently the object of M. Thiel.s to bring the presi dential contest into this field. Whatever the fiat of the Assembly may be, it will, in his opinion, not only (By Electric Telegraph.) BERLIN, SEPT. 16.—Voluntary Loan, 1031 ; Rus sian Four-and-a-Ma per Cent., 101/; National Debt, Exchange on London, 6.211; Hamburg, 1491; Petersburg, 1031. VIENNA, SEPT. 16.—Five per Cent. Metalliques, 1 931. Bank Shares, —; price of Gold, —; ditto, Silver, Exchange on London, 11.33 ; on Paris, 1391. FRINEFORT, SEPT. 16.—Five per Cent. Metal liques, 781. Three per Cent. Interior, 34. Exchange on London, 1181. Amsrganam, SErr. 16.—Five per C.cnt. Metal liques, 751; Five per Cent. Ardoins, 14 ; Three per Cents. Interior, 33 13-16 ; Russian Four-and-a- I Cents., —; Two-and-a-Half per Cent. In tegrals, 58 3-16. Exchange on London, 11.87 ANTWERP, SEPT. 17.—Five per Cent Mctalliquee, 781; ditto Ardoins, 131. Three per Cent. Interior, 341. Russian Four-and-a-Half per Cents., Ex change on London, 23.171. BRUSSELS, SEPT. 17.—Belgian Five per Cents., 100; ditto Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 921; Ex change on London, 23.171. HAMBURG, SEPT. 16.—Three per Cents. Spanish Inland, 321. Russian Four-and-a-Half per Cents-, REINFORCEMENTS FOR THE CAPE OP GOOD HOPE. —Wo believe it is in contemplation, in consequence of the unsatisfactory nature of the last news tram the Cape, to a( ad several more regiments to the colony. The 6th Dragoon Guards and 40th Regiment, being the first cavalry and infantry regiments on the list for foreign service, will probably bo selected, and proceed to the Cape without delay. 'These regim ent. re now in Ireland. A morning cotcmporary says: We understand that orders have been issued for the 43rd Light Infantry to prepare for immediate embarkation to the Cape, in addition to the reserve battalion of the 12th Regiment, which has ban required to proceed from the Mauritius to the scene of action. ' THE JERSEY 311.:EDEREIL—The convict Fouquct has received a reprieve for one fortnight beyond the time fixed by the Royal Court for his execution, Kw the sole purpose of in &s uir iee i ra nw com h m is ur c =l to him oidtvh: cate ra nrarett ; and he received the intelligence with much apparent gratitade.--Jersey Sun. INDIA AND CHINA. THE OVERLAND MAIL. We have received our usual despatches in antici pation of the Overland Mail from India. The dates arc: Calcutta, Aug. 7 ; Madras, Aug. 13 ; Bombay, Aug. S; Hong Kong, July 24. Although this is not • Bombay mail, and no palters have been received from that city, we have received the following letter from our correspondent : BOMBAY, Ace. 5. As an express leaves for Madras this evening with letters for England, to meet the Calcutta steamer at that port, I take the opportunity of sending you a lbw Lines.—The English mail of the 7th July reached as on the afternoon of the Ist inst., in 21 days 10 hours from London. By it we heard of the death, at Suez, of Captain Gordon, late 78th, who had re cently exchanged to the 42nd Highlanders.—Captain Sanders, Indian navy, lately commanding the vessels in the Red Sea, has been compelled from ill-health to proceed home ; poor titan, he has, it is feared, staved a year too long in India.—The case of the Oriental bank against its late head shroff and his sureties has been decided against the former, both judges (Sir E. Ferry and Sir W. Yardley) agreeing that the defendants were not, by their bond, liable for any loss arising from the mis demeanour of the subordinate shroffs or others, in robbing from or forging notes or cheques on the bank. The bank has in all lost nearly 10,0001. The Bombay Bank has behaved well towards the Oriental in the matter of the stolen notes, having paid them the full amount of those still missing, on the Oriental Bank depositing with it government paper in shape of indemity.—The number of deaths last month in Bombay was 903, of whom only 70 died from cholera, which has now nearly disappeared, after an uninterrupted sojourn in the island of a couple ,f vears.—The ship Scotia, with the overland parcels of . 24th June, arrived on the 28th ult.—lt is reported that Lord Falkland returns to Bombay at the end of next month, and that he afterwards pro ceeds to see the caves of Ellom or Ajanta. 'loolraj, the ex-Nizam of Mooltan, was, by last accounts from Calcutta, on the point of death : a con spiracy to carry him off by force had shortly before been detected. Consequent on this, he had been directed to be removed front Fort William to Allahabad, hut was too ill to be moved. Our ndvices from Scindo only reach to the 20th ult., the post being retarded five days, by heavy rain I presume. At Kurrachee a very heavy full had been experienced betwixt the oth and 7th,which had levelled many an old building in the town. Throughout the country the people and troops were healthy. The post from the North west had also fallen four days behind its fair weather rate of travel, and the papers received supply no news of importance. Thedifferentstations,exceptPeshawur, were healthy ; at this latter the Europeans continued to suffer considerably. Since the Ist of April, 1819. the Glst Foot had lost up to the end of June last 8 officers and 165 men ; and the 98th Foot 1 officer and 111 men. Both corps are to be removed after October next. Colonel llryne, late of the 53rd Foot, died at Simla on the 29th ult. The Governor- General's camp is to be formed et Umballa on the lath October, and his lordship will probably take Lucknow on his way back to Calcutta. Mr. Wood, Calcutta agent to the Agra Bank, has resigned his post. Government are about to provide for the wife and family of the Seikh commandant murdered by a European soldier (Itosney, of the 10th Foot), at Umritsur. The murderer has been sentenced to bo hung. New stations are about to be formed at Attack and Dcenannggur in the Punjaub. A loco motive steam engine has reached ltoorkee in the North-West provinces; it is to be called the Thomason, in honour of the Lieutenant-Governor, and is to be used on the canal. The opium ease of Lukmeechand r. Lett Zomwar Sing, of Kotah, for 107,0001. has been non-suited at Agra, the latter party belonging to an independent state. The death of Major-General W. Minims, C.D., Bengal Artillery, commanding the l'uninub divi sion, is reported as having occurred at Lahore on the 20th July. Tho deceased general had been 48 years in the army. Moolraj is not, it appears, so very ill as was thought; he teas to leave Calcutta for Alluha bad by steam, on the 21;th July, a doctor (Tressidder) was to accompany him; Lieut, itawlius and a Euro , pear guard in charge. The Orerland Calcutta Star, in its summary, says: Since the departure of the last mail, there has been scarcely en item of news stirring, of either political or social intportance. Thu governor-general, commander-in chief, and lieutenant.govt root N. W. provinces are at Simla, but we notice in a morning paper a report, that Lord Dalhousie purposes soon descending from the mountain fa4nesscs and taking up his residence at Almorah, at the foot of the hills, and where also he will have the advantage of a fine climate and a beautiful station. Our railroad progresses, notwithstanding the rainy season, and the Calcutta terminus, as it is called, has been chosen, and the necessary ground for its erection and that of the requisite Mikes has been purchased at llowrah. It would seem that there is still a chance of preserving the integrity of the Nizant's territories, and satisfying, for a time at least, the claims of the British government. Amongst other means to which his Highness has been obliged to resort is, that of pledging the Hyderabad jewels, for which we believe nego ciations are still pending between his Highness's counsel lors and some wealthy natives of this city: but both sides are afraid to act without a guarantee from the Company's government, sa each fears the other, and suspects him ton. A divisional command has been placed at the disposal of government by the lamented death, at Lahore, of Major General Battine, who is succeeded by Colonel Costley. The Englishnian of Aug. 7, with reference to the Nizam, says : We have ust been informed that the affair has been ar ranged as follows: " The offer of Suraj-001-Moolk to pay the debt in four months to the Company's government was finally accepted by the resident on the 16th inst. Suraj-001-Moolk has lodged with bim a sum of 24 lakhs of rupees ; and a further sum of 16 lakhs, to make up 40 laks, is in course of payment. If so much of the money be paid immediately by a govern ment without credit, and of dilapidated resources, credit will be due to the arrangements which have effected it, and the governor. general will in all probability give time for payment of the rest when so much has been speedily done to meet his lordship's demand. "The Governor-General's letter is strenuous in his re commendation to the Nisam to dismiss his foreign troops, and generally to retrench his expenditure, and that which his lordship represents, and which should be most obvious to his highness, that ruin must inevitably wait upon pro fligate expenditure, and the maintenance of a licentious body of troops, in name only his servants, has awak en ed vigilance, especially of the Arabs, who forbear for the present the acts of violence pervading town and country, which they have been long in the habit of committing. Be side' they are not unmindful of the danger which awaits them; and I hear from one of the best sources of information, that if required by the Company's Government to give up the lauds of the Nisam, which they occupy as Talookdars, as mortgagees of Jagheers, and as creditors of Talookdars, they will resign them, and concentrate themselves in Hyderabad,taking possession of the palaces of the Nisam and his minister, in other words, their persons, and will then, from this advantageous position, exact the justice they claim, and demand hostages for the performance of engage ments that may be made with them. I not only rely upon the source of my information, but I me in this the project of men possessed of military experience. There are such things as counter projects, and though counteraction, where the opponents occuyiug the city can have the first start, is difficult, it is not hopeless." [For markets see last page.] CHINA AND THE INDIAN ARCHIPELAGO. HONG KONG. Our correspondent writes : HONG HONG, JULY 24. In my letter of last month an opinion was hazarded that, from appearances in the political horizon, the security of Canton was greatly appre hended, and, although the present mail will not convey information of such a result, the opinion has gained ground that everything portends and appears to be hastening such an event. The rebellion, so far from being in any degree suppressed, makes headway, threatening to swallow up the second capital of the empire and the trade' metropolis of China, Canton. General after general despatched against the in surgents has fallen a victim either to the sword of the enemy or the wrath of the Emperor, for want of success, and Seu himself has felt the displeasure of the monarch, and been degraded three steps. Ar- rangements have been made for his Excellency Commissioner General Seu's departure from Canton on the 23rd or to-day, with a force of throe thousand men, to suppress the rebellion. Report, hoseever, states that his chief strength and object are the means at his disposal to buy off the insurgent SPAIN. There were rumours of the withdraw,.. of Domino Cortes from the Spanish embassy at Paris, which would in that ease bo olti:red to tho Marvin of Miraflores. The whole press is unanimous in con demning the conduct of the American government in the affair of the Cuba invasion. ITALY. ROME, Surr. 9. Count Colombi has presented to the Pope the let ters of Queen Isabella, which accredit him as Minister Plenipotentiary to the Holy See. MALTA, Szpr.l3. The Peninsular and Oriental S team Navigation Company's steam-ship l'ottinger returned from Alexandria at 7 a.m. this day. The Overland por tion of her mails will leave for Marseilles by the Ban shee at noon. Iler Majesty's steam-sloop Growler arrived yester day with despatches from his excelleneyiSir Strat ford Canning. The wreck of tho William Thomas, stranded off this port, has been sold for 21)01. The damaged por tion of her cargo of barley sold for 2s. Sd. per quarter. The ,Messageries Nationales, it is reported, intend to continue their line from Algiers to Tunis and Malta, which will ,be greatly to the benefit of this island. The Phaeton, frigate, arrived front Lisbon on the 11th inst., and will proceed to join the squadron in a few days. The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steam-ship Sultan also, after an excellent passage, came to an anchor at 6 a.m. this day. The island continues very quiet. The enterprising African traveller, Mr. James Richardson, died at linguratua, a small village, six days distant from Kouka, the capital of Borneo, on the 4th March last. His death was occasioned by fatigue and over exertion. LATEST FOREIGN EXCHANGES. MADRID, SEPT. 12.—Three per Cents., 36k; after Bolea, 36 361- paper. Four per Cents., at 13 ; after Bolsa, —. Five per Cents., at 17 ; after Bolsa 17. Coupons at ; after Boise, 81 p. Passives, 61 ; after Bolsa, 61 5-16. Bank of St. Ferdinand, 100; Ex change on London, 51. 1851. leaders. Some desperate measures must be adopted, as the trade of Canton is now restricted to one-halt what it was before rebellion raised its head, and the produce which was exported from Canton is finding an outlet at Shanghai. The rebels are re ported to have advanced as far as theToong-Koon dis trict, midway between Bong-Kong and Canton, and to the right of the entrance of the Beeves Tigris. In telligence has reached this colony that the insurgents have captured and sacked liwtli-tin, the capital of Kwang-Si, and found in the Commissary military ! chest three-quarters of a million of tncls. The health of the troops in garrison, although somewhat improved, is not yet established, the casualties of the present month numbering twelve; namely, 11 privates of lI.M. 59th and the Ceylon Rifles, and Dr. Flaherty, an assistant-surgeon. 11. M. steamer Salamander had visted Formosa for the purpose of conveying presents to the persons whose hospitable treatment of th e Serpent's crew was noticed in last month's communication. There is little else of interest to communicate. The commercial intelligence will be found in another column. The Orerland Friend of China, dated Victoria, July 24, says: In our last monthly summary, we stated that Lieutenant- General Wu-lan-tai had left Canton in the early part of June, with the intention of coalescing with the commis sioners sent by the Tartar Emperor to put down the rebel lion. But the insurgents had no intention of allowing hint to f rm the coalition with the easo it would appear he had anticipated ; and, giving him battle at a pass called Luk wo-ee, he was totally routed, with a i 064 of upwards of one thousand men, the general himself being so seventy wounded, that it is said ho will have to undergo the ampu tation of an arm. Since the receipt of this intelligence nothing else has come to hand that can be iu any way relied upon. The boat people and others importing provisions fur the Canton market have circulated a report that Kwci-lin-fu, the ca pital of Kwang-si, has hems taken, ransacked, and again deserted ; but this is not the first time such a report has found its way into our columns, and we receive it with the more caution for that natives here, who have friends in the di.turbed districts, have not received advice. corrobora tive of such report. In Canton we were told that the mandarins were determined on keeping the real state of af fairs from becoming known to the inhabitants of the city, and find they were using every measure, even to the in terception of correspondence, to prevent the same from being effected. Commissioner-General Scu leaves Canton us to day, taking with him a body of three thousand men, and a largo amount of treasure. Ibis return, as great a man as ho leaves it, will be duly chronicled. We do nut anticipate the pleasure. A report is current that he will take another course to reach his colleague commissioners, viz. by the way of Cochin-China; but such a report will have grown , ' out of the mishap+ of his friend the general; Tartar courage can hardly have descended so low in degree, that it would take a circuitous course like that to evade an en- gagement. The following letter from Dr. Boring to the Chinese Superintendent of Customs indicates a step in the right direction; but we are eliqsoecel to question the propriety of a feeling that would hamper the local government at a mo ment of evident difficulty. We voluntarily consented to act the part of Custom-house officers for the Chinese, and in all reason and honour they are entitled to a brief notice of the intention to refrain from performance of such duties any longer . " British Consulate, Canton 21st July, ISil. " Sir,—l have the honour to infirm your excellency that in consequence of instructions received from Iler Britannic Majesty's covet-Imola, and which have been communicated to me by his excellency the plenipotentary, all interference of this consulate in the collection of duties in this port e articles imported or exported will cease from this time forward. " I shall regularly announce to your excellency the arrival of every British ship in this port, and shall require the cons sismees and captains to deposit in this consulate the ship's papers with the manifest of the cargo, and I shall re tain the papers until the grand clasp is produced to autho rise the ship's departure. "The situation of the British merchant will,therefore,from this day, he that of every other for, ign merchant established here, and, like them, he will he expected to arrange his busiuew with your excellency's officers through his own linguist. 'f o any complaint officially made, I shall give a prompt and caretul attention, asking tOr my countrymen no exemption.. which are not enjoyed by others, but requiring that they shall be subjected to no disadvantages or restric tions which do not equally press upon all.—l have, 6:e." SINGAPORE. COLLISION BETWEEN THE ERIN AND THE PASHA. SINGAPORE, Aro. 2. If the past month may be considered wanting in matters of local interest a fearful catastrophe in its immediate neighbourhood has engrossed and con tinues to engage public attention. Eighty iniles dis tant from hence, in the Straits of Malacca, a collision took place between the Peninsular and Oriental Compaq's steamers Erin, front Calcutta to China, and the Pasha, hence to Calcutta, involving the loss of sixteen lives and nearly one million of dollars. The particulars of this melancholy event are as fol lows : The Erin, Captain Tronson, left Calcutta July 13th, and Penang the 20th, with 1,1'50 chests of opium for Singapore and China, valued at more than 115,0001., and the l'acha, Captain Miller, quitted Hong-Kong July 10th, and Singapore the 21st, at 1 p.m. The Pachu had on board 47 boxes of dollars, 42 boxes of gold bars, 9 boxes of gold dust, 6 boxes of syeee, and other Rroperty aggregating in value 600,000 dol lars, chtetly front - China, and for Calcutta. The fol lowing passengers were on board the Pacha:.—Dr. Briscoe, of 11.M.'s 59th ltegt.; M. Hardouin French gentleman, from the Mauritius), and two Chinese from Singapore for I'enang. Shortly after sunset the Pasha MIS abreast of the Brothers, the Carinons bearing south, and distant about four miles, and the Eacha was kept her course, N.W. and byi W.; but, owing to a variation in the ship's compass of 5 or 6 degreestoeastward,the ship was found to in cline close to the Malacca shore, and they steered a litt lc to the northward of her course until past 11 p.m., when an imperfect observation was obtained of Mount Formosa, and Captain Miller was of opinion he was drawing towards a shoal, to keep well away from which is particularly advised by Horsburgh, in his Book of Directions." At this juncture, llh. 35m., the third officer, Mr. Grysdale, who had the watch, reported a light on the starboard bow, which Captain Miller considered was a ship's light, and considering, from the situation of the light, and his proximity to the Formosa shoal, that he could not pass to port, he ordered the helm to be put a starboard. About the same time, or a few minutes after, the officer of the watch in the Erin ob- served a light, but assigns it a different po sition to. that stated by those on board the Pacha, and Captain Tronson, being in formed of the circumstance, !directed the Erin's helm to be put a-port, as directed by tiro Trinity Masters, whenever practicable and vessels happen to be near each other. At this time the vessels were ' estimated to be seven or eight miles distant from each other. Captain Miller, in putting the helm as mentioned, thought that by running the ship off W. by N. and W., he would run clear away from the shoal and altogether out of the way of the Erin, as from the latter vessel the course of the Pacha could I be observed. Had the Erin, instead of porting the , helm, held her course, she would have three or four miles astern of the f a a: s h e n i . Both vessels, however, steered as above men tioned, and at full power. For some minutes the Erin's light was not visible, the lamp having, it would appear, been lowered at " seven bells" (11,1 hours r.u.), for the purpose of trimming it. Up to this period it was unknown ou board of either vessel that the other was a steamer. After five or six minutes the Erin's light was again visible. A blue light was burnt on board the Pacha, which was answered by the other, and it was then known that both vessels were steamers. The helm of the Paella was still kept to starboard; all this time, or nearly so, the Erin was so kept to port, and at ono time the latter's mast-head light was observed abaft the Pacha's starboard paddle-box, the Erin steering as if it was wished to communicate with the Pacha, and the latter striving to avoid her. At about twelve cmidnight), both vessels were observed close in contact, and orders given to stop the engines, bat' unhappily too late, and a collision took place ; the Pasha was run into a little before the starboard paddle-box, the Erin's stem passing a little beyond the Pasha's foremast, almost going over her. The scene that ensued was frightful beyond description. The masts of the Fuchs fell almost on the instant, rendering escape next to impossible, as she went down in six or seven minutes in twenty-live fathoms water. Excepting the captain, third officer, Drs. Fox and Briscoe, the head engineer, and the watch on deck, nearly all hands were asleep below in their berths. Some got into the quarter-boats, which were carried before being released from the davits ; others climbed up the Erin's stem, or throw themselves into the water and gained the Erin, or were picked up by her boats. Dr. Briscoe and the third officer were observed aft, and are believed to have either got into ono of the quarter-boats or jumped into the sea, and were carried down when the vessel foundered. Those missing on board the l'acha are, Dr. Briscoe, M. Hardouin, and two Chinese passengers, T. Greysd a l e , third officer ; it. Orton, clerk in charge; M. Johnson-, and T. Williamson, able seamen ; C. Rose, J. Lawlor, Dnme, and Robinson, stokers ; T. Cooper and ft, Wilkins, stewards ; Leech, officers' scrrant ; and Z Bilverlock, butcher. The Erin remained near the spot until 1 o'clock in the morning, with the view of picking up any,of the unfortunate survivors, but could not remain until daylight, as she was in a sinking state, being kept afloat by her two air-tight compartments, and in danger of sinking. After applying temporary means to prevent the water rushing in at the bows, the port one being greatly injured, a consultation was held ns to the propriety of proceeding to Maly ca, but ulti mately they decided on coining on to Singapore, which place she readied on the afternoon of the 22nil, in a very critical state. The opium was removed, and the steamer is in course of being repaired, to enable her to proceed on to China. Of the Erin, about 6(10 chests are damaged by sea-water, and a portion of it sold by auction on account of the under writers. As the attending this melancholy are in course of investigation by the police authorities here, it would be unfair to the parties to offer any opinion on the facts, as wales the amount of culpability attached to the commanders of the steamers, or either of them. The public is entitled to the fullest inquiry, since, in the history of steam navigation, no other instance can be found or two vessels sighting each other at the distance of seven or eight miles, in the open sea, getting in con tact, and accompanied by such a sad loss of lilt and property. Should the evidence suffice, it is highly probable that the commanders of both steamers will sent up to the Criminal Sessions, and be tried in the Admiralty Court hero for criminal or culpable negligence. Blame, a fearful amount, too, must attach somewhere, and it behoves the executive and the managers of the Peninsular and Oriental Company to make a searching inquiry into the cause of the collision, which ordinary care in decreasing the speed or stopping the engines timously would have avoided ; moreover, the prac tice of steamers making it a point to communicate with each other during a dark night, ought to ho discountenanced and put a stop to. The inquiry at the police office will be resumed on Monday, the 4th instant. . By the above related catastrophe the direct Cal cutta and China steam line will be stopped until other vessels reach India, unless the Company charter some of the vessels belonging to a private company at Bombay. - - JAVA. The new BATAVIA, Jtr.i 21. has published a decree which concedes to British ships die following-privi leges:-1. To British vessels is granted the. same freedom which, by . Art. :1, Sec. 1, of the law of the 19th June, 1843 is given to Dutch ships; and 2. Placing British ships on an equal footing in the cote ' nies and Dutch possessions, save as to the coasting trade of Netherlands lndia.—M. Senn Van Re-el, formerly Dutch consul at Canton, and lately receiver-general of taxes at Samarnug, has been dismissed the civil service, for venturing, in some letters addressed direct to the King, to reflect on the principles and conduct of the. Indian govern ment in fiscal and revcnual matters, " in a manner and with aumments offensive to the government of Netherlandandia, and with the evident design to in spire the king with distrust of what is done in Nether lands India, and inure particularly in Java." M. Van Basel, however, in consideration of past services, is allowed a pension. Accounts moved from Am bovna notice that the greater part of the officers and soldiers were under medical treatment. The natives were also suffering from disease.—A new company, at the head of which is placed His Royal Highness Prince henry of Netherlands,has been organised for the purpose of working the tin mines on Biliton, where it uppea a tho ore is found in considerable quantities. [For China markets see last page.] THE GOLD DISCOVERIES IN AUSTRALIA Our Singapore correspondent, after giving ex tracts fully confirmatory of, but adding little to, the news already published as to the gold discoveries near Bathurst, says : Since writing the above additional information was received from Sydney, by . the Oriental, arrived at Batavia, not merely confirming the truth of the dis coverics, but clearly proving that even rumour itself had under-estimated the extent and value of the gold region. 'the goverument itself, satisfied from the official report of Mr. Stutchbury, has moved in the matter, and has put forth a claim to the precious metal its the sub j oined proclamation: Proclamation of his Excellency Sir Charles Augustus Fitzroy, Capt:tin-General and Commander-in-Chief of the Territory of New South Wales and its Dependencies, Vice-Admiral, &c., &c. As according to law all gold mines, and all gold its its beds, within tho territory of New South Wales, whether in and upon the lands of the Queen, or on the lands of private individuals, her Majesty's subjects, are and is the property of the Crown; and government having received informa tion that there is gold in anti upon the territory of the county of Bathurst, and therefore within the government or territory aforesaid, and that a number of persons have emannenced searching, or intend to commence searching and digging for gold on their own account, and for their own use, without basing obtained permission from her Majesty, or from any other authority fur that purpose. 'therefore, I, Sir Charles Augustus Fitzroy, the afore said captain-general, do hereby make Publicly known anti declare on behalf of her Majesty that every person who shall take gold or metal from any property within the aforesaid territory, and any person finding gold in the unin habited parts of the said territory which has not yet been disposed of, or ceded by the Crown, or shall search or dig for gold in and upon such territory, will be punished according to law. And 1 further publicly make known by this pro clamation, and declare that upon receipt of farther infor mation upon this matter, such regulations shall be made as may be considered just and decisive, and shall be published as soon as possible, whereby the conditions will be mado known on which by tho payment of a reasonable sum licenses shall be granted. Given under my hand and seal, in the Government house at Sydney, on the twenty-second day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and fifty-one„ anti the fourteenth of the reign of her Majesty. CHARLES A. 1 , 11 ZIIOY. By order of his Esttllcn.y, , God save the Queen. Although this proclamation wes issued on tho publication of the discovery, the government had taken no step to carry out the licensing system, ap parently sensible that the means at their command were insufficient to compel parties to abandon their rich and selected spots, In the existing maddened state of public excitement, it would not bo prudent to act on the right the crown has asserted, and Sir Charles Fitzroy will probably content himself with the publication of the crown s right, until he receive instructions and the means of enforcing them from the home authorities. Accounts received from Sydney to Juno sth, aro full of the gold discoveries. lhere were about 16,000 to 20,000 persons employed at the diggings, com prising all classes, from the polite professions to handicraftsmen, run-away policemen, and seamen from the shipping. Indeed desertions from the latter were so numerous and frequent that vessels were quitting , for fear of similar desertions and the destruction of shipping as occurred at California, in consequence of whole crews flitting to the mines. At Sydney labour had advanced fifty per cent., but up to the above date accounts of the gold finding had not reached the sister settlements. The gold range of the Blue Mountains extended nearly 400 miles in length, and about 40 miles wide. On May 27, several gentlemen returned to Sydney who left that city ton days previous, for the purpose lof ascertaining the exact nature of the recent gold discoveries. Mr. Hindson and Mr. A. C. Brown (of the firm of Mart and Brown) conveyed to Sydney gold valued at 1,0001. This parcel included two lumps, one of which weighed forty-six ounces, and the other about twenty, nearly pure gold, having but small portions of quartz attached. The large speci men and the smaller one, together with several pieces of about one ounce each, were found in one hole, by a person named Henderson, residing in Bathurst. On May 24, a Bathurst blacksmith found eleven pounds weight in ono hole. "Indeed," the Herald tritely. observes, " there is no doubt that the creek in which the principal body of the miners is now em ployed is richer than any place that has been worked in California." From the same source we learn that the largo pieces above noticed aro found in a bed of slate, which forms a sort of chain across the Summerhill-creek at the place where it is joined by the Lewis Pond-creek. On this bar there is a thin bed of boulder stones and pebbles, and on ro- feat the' at an ini co sr 71 Ft •1 nt 1.11 fr