The Express. — London, England, 1848-04-22 00:00:00

, . 1 II „, i , i il .1. 1 , ~, t' l i , 14 • , • I II ;, , li i \, 1 I, l i ll I I l i I 1 , 1 i i 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 li Vitt Orpreso. MAILS. The overland ahead cis Marrillea, to the Mediterranean, Egypt, Aden, (hyloa, India, Hoeg-Kong, dre., will be made up on the eersing of the 24th April. She mails for Vigo, Oporto, Lisboa, Madeira, Cadiz, aid Gibraltar wit be made up on the morning of the I/ th April The mule for New douth Wales, Van Dlemanla Laid, sod Saw sealed will be made op on the everting of the Mb April. The made for the Meet Cana of erring sad Madeira will be made ap on the ereningof the :loth April. The West India Mails, It including Bermuda, area. HavitnaN Honduras, N e w Orleans, Vera Cruz, Tampico, and Porto Rico, aria eleluding thine for Madeira, Iscmel, Carthagena, State Martha, Charm, Panama, West Coea4 of South America, and St. Juaa.do. Nicaragua, will be made up on the evening of the 2nd May. The overland mails for Gibraltar. Malta, Greece, the lonise Wanda Egypt, Aden, Ceylon, India, liong-liong, end China, ries Southerly. toe, will be made up op the morning of the 3rd May. The mails for the Brazils, the River Plate, Moats be made Video, Perusa l / aro. Bahia, Madeira, and Buena, Ayres, will ap re the erstuog of the 4th May. The mails foe tirith North Ameries, will be rude up ea the ca e ening of the Ith M y. the NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS. The number of STAMPS issued by the authorities o f the Starup-othce, daring 1847, to the DAILY NEWS WAS .......... 3,447,00 9 This, we believe, is within eight per cent. of the number issued to the Morning Herald, Morning Chronicle, and Morning Post, ALL PVT TOOLitiBIL In addition to the above, issued to the DAILY NEWS, Morning Paper, there were toned for the Evening Edition, THE EXPRESS 778,714 Which was more, we believe, than were issued either to the Globe or Standard, Evening Papers. 111011 og.♦TER AT LONDON BRIDOZ. Tate Daa—oralog.ll tam past 4 Afters., sia. vast 4. To-not ow —Worsts& 4: We. past 4 Altoreara. .1) lat. peat 3. LONDON, SATURDAY, APRIL 22. THERE can be no doubt that we are entering upon a year, if not a period, of extreme uncertainty and anxiety, and that there exists in the aspect of affairs abroad and at home the possibility, if not the proba bility, of a conjuncture of circumstances likely to try severely the wisdom of our rulers and the solidity of our institutions. is, at Our commercial and manufacturing classee;it too clear, had not recovered the terrible strain and distress put upon them by the paralysis of credit, so much aggravated by, it not altogether proceeding I from, our aboard system of monetary legislation. I The immense catastrophe of European revolution has fallen upon English industry, when in but a con valescent state, and the effect has been to produce some thirg in the nature of a relapse. The condition of Europe is such,that all customary commercial orders have been suspended—that business, if done at all, must be done ' for ready money—and that trade assumes more and more the nature of lottery and rash speculation, in stead of established and regular interchange. No won der that the mills of our manufacturing districts are closed, or open but to short time, and that 100,000 operatives are left to that leisure and distress, which is the fruitful parent of politieal - hallucination. Nor is it in manufacturing - districts and classes alone that capital is either wanting or unproductive, shrinking from the risk of employing labour. di- The railroads have stoppe d progress; the expen cure, the wages, the active arms and proportionally ac tive consumption, are all suspended—no doubt to the great satisfaction of those who accused railroads of consuming capital too fast. Yet the stopping of railroad construction does not seem to have left us a more ample store of the great necessary of labouring life. In addition to this, we have before our eyes a wet spring, an unusual demand for gold upon the conti nent, and an unusual slackness of production through out the same vast region. Poland is in a state of inchoate insurrection—the Germans are drilling for war or clubbing for political change, instead of har rowing or sowing. We might complete the picture of these dangers and drawbacks to private prosperity and wealth, by describing the prospects of the state revenue and of our public finances. It is needless : we have said enough to show that the peace and welfare of England through IS4B require the most wary, wise, and temperate management. And yet the danger of such a state of things does not arise from positive distress or positive disaffection, but from the impatience, intemperance, and designing madness of those classes and those parties which oc cupy the two extremes of society. It is in such times of fear and of distress that the more rabid fanatics of the tory and of the democratic party start up simul taneously to alarm, to animate, and to impel the several classes more immediately under their influ ence against each other. The agitator then collects and harangues the mob, supplies it first with cry and sophism, and then successively with bludgeons, pikes, and fire-arms. However few, however contemptible, such maniacs may be, they serve as a pretext and an opportunity for mad men of the antagonist class to bellow in reply, to deal alike in cries and sophisms, to arm, and to carry mea sures and compel a policy of repression, placing tory principles and tory statesmen for the time in undis puted ascendancy. We are at present and throughout this year menaced by the two dangers : and we *hall never cease to warn the middle classes, in which are to be comprehended the more intelligent of the working as well as of the better-provided population, to keep good look out and active heed against both dangers. Al ready we see the effects of the late stupid chartist demonstration in the tone and the legislation of parliament, as well as in the attitude of parties. The power and the tongues of influential liberals are pare ed. The needle of power already oscillates from the liberal to the tory party. - The whig ministry dis owns and shakes off the members for the manufac turing districts and liberal constituencies to replace them in office and in influence by tories ; and there is every prospect of the present panic endowing the country with a SIBTHORE parliament in lieu of a COBDEN one. One thing alone can correct and prevent this. It is the coming forward of the middle ranks in one large, unanimous, and peaceful cry for those reforms, calcu lated to put an end to class influence, and class legislation. This alone will pacify the operative and the industrious man, who, seeing no hope for him in the crawling pace of whiz ameilration, is driven by despair to crowd and to clamour , to listen to an applaud seditious language, and to attempt foolishly to awe the legislature by numbers and intemperance. Such conduct on the part of the people is precisely what the old tory aris tocracy would desire, for the folly of one extreme always helps to build up the power of the other. In deed, the only chance of the old tory aristocracy again recovering power lies in the turbuler.ce of the people, and in that turbulence creating a panic in the middle claes such as was created in the time of the first French revolution—a panic which forced the entire people of England to abdicate all freedom, and calmness, and dignity, and influence, into the hands of its insidious enemies, the tortes. These again are now at work to bring about the same results. Every move of these misguided people, the physical-force chartists, is exaggerated ; every foolish expression held up in terror ; the hundreds at their meetings are multiplied into thousands: a garnishing of pikes, guns, and bludgeons is added ; and the worthy shopkeeper is t.dd that the working classes of England arc fast failing into m re Irishmen, bent en riot and greedy for plunder. These are the representations, this the every-day theme of those servile flatterers of the aristocracy, who seek to grow big by exciting panic; and it is for the operatives to disappoint them by remaining tranquil, and by at least venting complaints or doctrines in some other way than turbulence or menace. It is for the middle class to defeat the efforts of the insidious, by remaining self-possessed. by discrediting panic, and by not suffering itself to be deterred by such brawlers from coming for ward with calm and peaceable demands for liberal measures, eqnitable taxation, and electoral reform. IT would greatly puzzle many of the agitatota against the "centralisation" of Lord MOREETIr'S Health of Towns Bill, to give their meaning of that , formidable word, and to point out the nature and de- . gree of the centralisation embodied in Lord Mort- I HMI'S measure. There is nothing so dangerous in politics—no fools money, as HOBBES calls words, with which men, interested in deceiving, may make so much mischief—as abstract political terms. " Cen tralisation" may mean any and every form and degree of central authority, from a mere central guide and educer of local action, to as all-engrossing central despotism. But those who use the word do •ot stay to measure the conditions of its ap plicability—much less those who heat it used. A swallowing up of all local responsibilities, a suppre,sion of all local energies, are the ideas most naturally suggested by the term. This gives it what ' . . L, ----. 7 --=....—..--e------___ that money in their pockets, which under pretence of carrying on the government, an aristocratic ascen dancy lavishes on poor relations indled captains Such being the case, it is not surprising that a por tion of the public should show itself more disposed for an anti-taxation than a suffrage extension agita tion. We published on Thursday the proceedings of a Liverpool Financial Reform Association, at a meeting, over which Mr. R. OLADSTONZ, brother of the ex- Secretary of State for the co►onies, presided. Its objects are a more equitable distribution of the bur den of the state; substitution of direct for that indirect taxation which fetters or turns into un natural channels the industry of the people; retrench ment; together with some minor points enumerated. The feeling which has given rise to this association is not confined to Liverpool. The plan of a Reduction and Commutation of Taxes Association which has been printed for distribution, has been transmitted to us. The proposed objects are sufficiently identical with those of the Liverpool Association to denote entire accordance of opinion in essentials; sufficiently diverse to mark independence of origin. They are : introduction of a system of finance which by placing before the public a careful analysis of the expenditure of departments, will lead to a better control over the general expenditure of the state ; a thorough revision of taxation,with a view to relieve the poor from undue burdens and impose them where they can be better borne ; the substitution, if possible, of a property for au income tax—if not possible, of such an income tax as will distinguish between income from property and from industry ; revision of the stamp duties, and I extension of the legacy and probate duty to real property. Convinced as we are of the urgent necessity of a bold and extensive revision of our electoral sys tem, we are the reverse of sorry to see such associa tions spring into existence. We do not think they are likely to dissipate or divert public attention from the necessity of electoral reform. We believe it im possible to concentrate public attention for any time upon one question, and believe that if it were possible the effect would be prejudicial. Politics embrace every question of practical public utility, d onsthe m ind which can only grasp one or two such queansti is feeble'and dangerous from itsone-sidednesa Ileonly is a useful politician who, to the sentiment of love of liberty on its own account, conjoins respect for liberty on account of its utility — who va lues popular suffrage as a means of procuring economical and efficient govern ment, and economical and efficient government as a means of allowing every citizen to apply and develops his talents safe from violence and injustice. If all the people thought of nothing but suffrage extension, or of nothing but financial reform, public opinion would dwarf and dwincle ; but when every citizen, accord ing as his tastes and talents prompt him, chooses one or other walk of public utility, and all spare some thing of sympathy and occasional assistance to others in their respective walks, then and then alone we have a nation of men and freemen. We are rejoiced, therefore, to see men like Mr. GLADSTONE, whom we can scarcely expect me yet to en tertain our views respecting constitutional organisation, coming fiirward to exert themselves in a field of public utility wherein we can cordially co-operate with them, and yet not abate our labours in another equally essential. After all, the great object is to obtain good government. If Mr. GLADSTONE and' his friends can help us to obtain it without elector al ' reform, we shall not refuse it on account of the agency. And if, as we believe, it is unattainable i without the interposition of electoral reform, the earnest struggle upon which these gentlemen are entering, will practically teach them the necessity of electoral reform, and make them more entirely ours. Let liberals then by all means be active in the mentality financial reform alike by the instru of associations like that of Liverpool in which that object alone is pursued, or that of Birmingham in which it is conjoined with other aims. The cry of financial reform has often been raised in this country, but never with such an appearance of correct understanding of the ques tion, and earnestness in the resolve to have it tho roughly sifted, as now. The measures which the Liverpool association, the projected association, to the prospectus of which we have referred, and thinkers more or less isolated throughout the country, are urging upon parliament and the public to this end, are charac terised by a comprehensiveness, minuteness of detail, and familiarity with the principles of economical science, that have never before been witnessed. The clearness with which the parties who have spoken out see their way, their numbtra, and their general distribution through all localities and all classes, ar e guarantees of victory at no distant date. e uponsivestigetions as we have Mega to make, that not only their conditio lf, n, but the condition acted of the interior of the metropolis itse is powerfully on and depressed by the suite of the extensive marshes and drained laud in their immediate vicinity. These influences have long been observed by medical practitioners in the subur ban districts. Thus, Mr. Bowie, whose range of practice has in cluded Poplar and the districts to the east of London. con siders the puts of Essex adjoining London to be healthy in summer • but during winter the most u nhealth y of any plasm he knows anywhere near are metro po lis sta lis. After • ra i n y period, and during the drying up gnn moisture of the marshes, marsh fever, scarlet fever and of ot h er a nalogous diseases prevail. The neighbourhOod Wanstead, itself a clean village, inhabited by highly respect- I able inhabitants, is uniformly unhealthy in the end of autumn and in the spring. The overflow of the river Roden, which happens to some extent every . year after the snow of winter, and after heavy rains in summer, always causes on the subsidence of the water an outbreak or an aggravation of marsh diseases. The agricultural labourers of Essex are rarely free from rheumatism. Influenza prevailed extensively there, and does so every rar• about the same season. On the occurrence of an east tested, there is always an increase of catarrhal and febrile diseasst in London, which Mr. Bowie attributes, in a great measure, to the wet and miasma from these marshes. The result of many years' experience has led M the Bowie a decided opinion that the drainage of marshes to lo form the east of London is. next to the improvement of the sewerage, the most tmportaid measure for the improvement of the sanitary condition of the metropolis. The report goes on to describe the state of' the northern and the Surrey suburbs, and the sanitary effects on London of their nndrained marshes. Now, is it right that the insotion of suburban localities should be able to neutralise all the good effects of metropolitan activity ; or again, that the City of 1.011- don, which, by the way,naturehas made the outfall of a very much larger drainage area, should be able to stand in the way of the drainage of outlying dis tricts ? And how are localities to be prevented from acting the dog in the manger to one another, but by a central authority? Guarded and limited it ought to be, and must be : but centralisation to some extent for sanitary purposes we must have. A sub-committee of the Health of Towns Associa tion drew up and distributed a number of questions with regard to the sanitary state of towns, and have published within the last few days a very striking re port on the answers received. To the question, " What is the present sanitary state of the town of —." they received answers from 65 towns, out of which the sanitary state is said to be good in only one, tolerably good in nine, in foot is described as improving, bad in thirty-three, nd very bad in eighteen. The questions were addressed to the leading medical men in the various towns, to clergy men, to the secretaries of the branch health of towns associations, or the most active members of them, and in many cases to persons holding official situations; and the answers received are, it is stated, in most instances, accompanied by a declaration that they are founded on personal knowledge. Another of the questions asked was : " Is the town prepared to entrust the local authority to make at once the whole outlay required for its sanitary im provement, without any super vision or control ?" The I committee thus report on the answer to this question ; and we shall be curious to see the answer of the City of London, which is placing itself foremost in the op position to Lord MORYETII s bill, to the onslaught made upon them in this extract : When it is asked whether the town is prepared to intrust the local authority with power to carry out the unitary wor ks that may be required, w ithout supervision and con trol, the answer returned is "pee" in only one instance, doubtful in nine instances, and in fifty-two, the townsmen say,' that supervision and control are indispensable ; that without the exercise of these, little or nothing will be done ; that what is undertaken will be i m perfect in the execution, i ne fficient, and unnecessarily expensive ; and that ato soundal and sufficient sanitary act, while it should give loc I authorities the execution of local weeks, and f the expend t ure of money raised by local r ates, must zanies provision for some effectual and general supervision and control. In the justice of the verdict thus returned by the townsmen t h em selves against the general management of t he local au thorities with reference to sanitary works, and their compe tency to conduct these works without supervision and con trol, many . of theme authorities themselves, as we are in formed, distinctly acquiesoe ; others roe Violently opposed to su pervision ; and es might have been expected, those of i them whose mismanagement, considering the powers and means which they command, has been the worst, are the most clamorous against any kind or degree of efficient inspection or interference. And first, an d foremost in this rank , is the corporation of the city of L o ndon, who after all the evidence I given by medical men, all the evidence of the mortuary re gistration, all that had been set forth in the several official reports, make the following deliberate averments :—" In cm:elusion, we trust we may be allowed to hope, that the citizens of London have not suffered from t h e exercise o f powers committed to us for so many years by your court under the authority of the leeisiature, and to expres. our deliberate conviction that the city al London, for h e alth, cleanliness, its effective dtantsrain age, lighting, and for supply of water to inhabi, cann ot be surpassed."—[Ezfract rom Report of Commis- s ioners of Sewers for the City of f London, April 12, 1847] I Here, these c orporator' assert—not that the city is not sur pased but that it is u nsurpassable; that it cannot be sur passed in health, and yet between the years 1838 and 1844, upwards of 58,000 children were destroyed in the city, who would not have been destroyed if the rate of mortality had been the same there as in one outlying district, Lewisham ; and that district far from being a model one. In the Lewisham district , o ut of 1,000 children,females living under five years of age, 47 died; and out of 1,000 women living at 45 Rai under 55 years of age, 16 died ; whilst is the East and West Lon don district, out of 1,000 children, females under 5 years of age, 104 died; and out of 1000 women, liorporatving or' declare at 45 and under 55 years of age, 25 died. These c that the jurisdiction of the corporation of the city of London is no'. to be surpassed in effective drainage ; the sewers of which accumulate decomposing refuse, and emit pestilential ' smells, the City itself being described as a city of cesspools. They declare that the corporation jurisdiction is not to be surpassed for its cleanliness, whose by-lanes, court", and alieys, have been the subject of general complaint for their flith, and in no respect better than they of Whitschapel and 1 Bethnal-green. They declare that the corporation is not is be surpassed for its supply of water, whose only supplies are intermittent, and on the system now generally condemned as pernicious as well as extravagant. While a good and unli mited ree supl of water is furnished to eek • two or th story h o use at p Not y tingham for Id. per w, in the City of Lon don a bad ate' nigg irdly supply is provided to the poorer classes at six times the price. They exprees a confident hope that the citizens of London have not suffered from the exer cise of the powers comm i t ted to them for so many years, I whereas n othing can be c l ear er, from the evidence 1 o f competent w i tnes ses, tha that the in nothabitants ave o f their jurisdiction, whether or , h suffered and will continue to suffer fey the exer. I cise of the powers in their hands, even if the exer. 1 else of those powers concerned the inhabitants ot the city only. But the corporation jurisdiction forms a part only of the natural drainage area, and their powers stand in the way of the sanitary improvement of the drainage of the houses of a great majority of the iehabitants of the metropolis as well as of the inhabitants of the city precincts. THE sittings of the National Convention have been resumed, but there are already symptoms of a split, and there is every reason to believe that this pack of vain, ignorant, and, we fear, not very disinterested men, will soon lose even the unsatisfactory power of making themselves, and the cause they profess to have at heart, supremely ridiculous. The nonsense they talk is as rampant as ever, but the rock upon which pretended patriotism is sure to go to pieces, may already be observed a-head in the shape of someat little differences of o p inion u p on pecuniary m ters, and a shortness of that dross which is the indispensable pabulum of the mere trading agitator's eloquence. The avowal has been üblicly made that the sitting ot a hundred men in the convention, or in the national assembly, will cost three hundred pounds per week, and the cof fers available for these legislators of John-street, Fitstoy-square, are already in a state of exhaustion. There is a pretty plain indication that the motto of the convention charla tans, instead of being "No cure, no pay," according to the liberal stipulation for of medical quacks, amounts to " No pay, no cure," the wrongs of their unfortunate patients—the people. Vie ought not to be greatly sur prised at the spirit with which the members of the convention have gone to work, when we find that their salaries amount to three pounds per week each, which will afford no very insignificant remuneration for their services. It would, indeed, have been a capital job for any one of these would-be demagogues if they could have succeeded in getting the sittings of I the convention declared permanent—at ten shillings per day for every delegate--until the charter was into law, a result that the fooleries committed grge l ignorant and conceited conclave would be sure to postpone to a very distant period. If the per manensy of the convention had been decreed upon the terms proposed, it would have been equivalent to offering the members an annuity of about 150/. each for the whole of their natural lives, and this would have been, no doubt, considerably more than the ma jority of them could have earned by any more honour able means than talking a quantity of inflammatory balderdash. The money is, however, beginning to run short, and the enthusiasm of the martyrs is sen sibly diminishing. There is no surer mode of vanquishing the heroes of the convention than to show them on Saturday night an exhausted exchequer with a consequent dearth of means to pay their salaries. Even Mr. CUFFAY would rush back to his shopbcard, or throw himself upon the charing abilities of Mrs CI:FFAY for support, it he should tind the convention no longer in a position to "club up . ' for his patriotic services. That the animus of the members is not wholly free from a mercenary tinge, may be gathered from the fact that when one of their colleagues professed himself sufficiently independent in his circumstances to work without pay, there was such an outcry against him that he walked out of the hall of dele gates with disgust, and it took no little coaxing to bring him back again. An intimation that no man who was not paid by his constituents ought to be allowed to sit in the convention, displayed a disposi tion to organise a strike among the pat'iots if their wages were not forthcoming from the pockets of their employers, the people. The member who could afford to sit gratuitously, became suddenly so unpopular that he was clearly considered as deficient in that esprit de corps which is so desirable among a set of men, actuated by a common wish to advance their common interest. The design on the popular pocket would, however, have been too transparent, if there had not been some modification of the opinion expressed upon the conduct of the individual who was prepared to give his services gratuitously, and the objection was smoothed down into aprotest against any member of the convention being paid by one indi vidual. The instance of Mr. O'CosNort was cited as that of a member who took nothing for his services in the convention. But it would not be difficult to prove the popular services of Mr. O'CONNOR to be anything but gratuitous. The discussion, brief as it was, upon the pecuniary prospects of the convention, and upon the chances there members have of getting their three pounds each p put, our our great political movements in England have come from the pocket. HAMPDEN was a martyr for ship money, and the proposal to in crease the income-tax has raised the dormant patriotism of many a snug citizen. This is a text on which it will be useful for the conservative majority in the House of Commons to meditate. When they see the middle classes in Nottingham, Bimiingham, and e lsewhere, making overtures to the working classes—proposing t o fraternise with them — let the m 1 reflect that this is no imaginative zeal, no poetical dream suzg , strd by classical tirades about repabli catism. k a deliberate, calculating, truly conserva- I tire movement —a step taken with a view to keep Y. . r e.o 'l, g t% , s't • i . A THE EIPRE ►SY AY EVE , APRIL' VA 'lB4ll. .----:.:L-----^'--.----- week;should open the eyes of their dupes to the rea l l 1 mot ives with which many of the noisy demagogue advocate prinCipTis for which they really care little or nothing. If the intereett of the working classes are to be honestlF promoted, it will not be through the agency of gentlemen who make a trade of iiolent declamation, and who are directly interested in the wishes of the people remaining unfulfilled. FRANCE. PARIS, FRIDAY, 11 A.M. To the report of the great manifestation of yester day, supplied in my two despatches of the morning and the evening, I have almost nothing to add. The estimate of the numbers which I gave agrees exactly with the reports of this morning. It seems that the prodigious number of 300,000 men were actually under arms in Paris and &filed before the Provisional Government at the Barriers de l'Etoile yesterday. This immense promenade commenced before the tribunes in which the government were seated at half-pest 10 in the morning, and terminated at about half-past 9at night. The form of the standards is novel ; the staff is ter minated in a gilt spear-head, under which is a me dallion with the Gallic cock in relief, and under this again an oblong plate bearing the initials It. P. (Republique Francaise) also in relief. The banner ' are the usual tricolor, blue next the staff, white in the middle, and red at the ecl.se, made of the richest silk and edged with gold fringe. On the banner is embroidered in gold a wreath of oak leaves, with the words " Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite," having ' Unite in the centre. The account of the Bank of France for the week ending last night appears in the Mimiretrr. The fol lowing are its details, in juxtaposition with which I have placed the account of the preceding week : Situation of the Bank of France to the evening of the 20th of April, with the corresponding items of the ac count of the preceding week : April 20. April 13. IMMO. 67,900,000 0 ... 67,900,000 Capltal Berens Reserve in real property Bank DOM, in eireulstiun ...... 293,000,3 00 0 ...293,796..0 0 150. Branch banks 15,223,50e o 15,741,000 Bilis to order Account current with Treasury 36,8+0,363 93 ... 43,977,428 4 Direr. accounta current Receipts payable at aught Radirelaint uf last 726,692 37 ... 725,692 3 Ineidends payable 254,041 25 .. 261,991 2 Insacauits, aundry interesta,enden mins 3,160,479 2 ... 3,107,0r6 Si Alrpers ISank 66,, 22 702 93 3 09 Drafts of branch bunks Sundries 500,852,749 30 506,466,745 34 Cclo,loll. P. C. r. Coin and ingots Oath In the bransh teaks Bills over due 21,899,104 9 ... 11,6311,517 17 Bills ihscounted Advanors on bullies 4,475,100 0 ... 2,684,990 0 Advances on French public funds 11,466,881 90 ... 11,632,182 90 Due by the branches for their notes in circulation 15,222,300 0 ... 15,741,000 0 Mock forming memo 10,000,000 0 ... 10,600,000 0 oc dotty - sable funds Ban k. kbuildings and furniture 4,000,000 0 ... 4,000,000 0 Interest i Adel'. Bank . 1,000,000 0 ... 1,000,000 0 Interest Inn National Discount Batik 200,000 0 ... 290,000 0 Dishonoured bills, or to be reim -9,162,600 23 ... 9, 410 , 749 0 bursed Bill., given by Russia for stock pur chased Epennesof management 419,467 40 ... 419,502 30 Su x ndt d ies Avanied the state on Treasury ns to 50,000,000 0 ... 20,00 0 , 000 0 bo ------- -- ... 500,852,749 30 ... 506,466,745 34 (Signed) D'ARGOUT, Governor. The troops of the line which were brought into Paris for the purpose of yesterday's demonstration have remained, and are to continue in Paris. The speech of Lord Brougham in the House of Lords, explanatory of his demand for citizenship, hen elicited the following from the Journal des Debuts: To answer Lord Brougtam we shall content ourselves to place him in presene• of citizen Brougham. The latter writes to the Mayor of Cannes: " My dear Mayor.—Will you name me as one of your deputies ;" and to the Minister of Justice of France: "As I desire above all things the happiness of the two countries, and their mutual pesce, I have thought it my duty to give the proof of my confidence in French institutions to encourage my fellow-countrymen to rely on them as I do." Lord Brougham hail much better hold his tongue, he only gets himself further into the mire. We need not laugh at him ; he has his full share of this in England. The curious episode of the Rue de Rivoli, which I sent yesterday, and the Bureau of Terrorists which has been there established, has gives rise to the fol lowing, which we take from 12 Assemblee Nationale: At about seven o'clock three person., two of whom were negligently dressed, and wore eel cravats—three Montagnards--entered our offices with great noise, and in a menacing manner. They presented us • letter from the to Citizen Sobrier, bearing a large red seal, saying that, as the Contia de Salut Public, if it redly existed, every one would understand that the journal would not speak so ithad done. The Assemblje Nationale adds :—"The e litor who rf ceived the three emissaries of the Citizen Sobrier before witnesses, offered to introduce them to the person who gave the information, but they formally refused. It will he remarked, without doubt, that Citizen Sobrier does not deny the arrest, but he complains that we have misrepresented the sense of his actions." The same journal, in its evening edition of yesterday, pub ' fishes a letter from M. d'Avion-Ferrand, the person who had given to it the information about the scene in the Rue de Rivoli. The writer declares that his account was true, and says : " To-morrow (Friday) I will present myself at noon at your office, to meet the terrorists. You can apprise them of this." He adds, that the person who was arrested by Sobrier's man declared himself, in Sobrier's presence, to be a foreigner. The Courrier Francais BMWS that' the officer I who was arrested by the national guard on Wednesday, and who had his epaulettes torn from him, was the secretary of WSobrier. He was distributing copies of the Commune de Paris, the journal of which M. Sobrier is the editor. Government is beginning to show some firmness respecting the clubs. In answer to a deputation from the Democratic Club of the 6th legion, the Mayor of Paris delivered an address, in which he expresses the firm determination of government to repress the abuses of the liberty of discussion which the club system is giving rise to. A club of the National Guard has presented au ad dress to Government demanding the repression of the abuse practised by M. Ledru Rollin in issuing incen diary bulletins without signature from the Ministry of the Inferior. This practice, had, however, already received a severe and dignified rebuke from one of M. Ledru Itollin's colleagues. M. Ledru Rollin falls from day to day into worse odour. GERMANY. PRUSSIA .—We have reoeived the German jour nals in due course. Our correspondent, writing from Cologne on the 19th, says " The Berlin Zeitung Halk of yesterday contends, in its leading article, that Prussia ought to send, without delay, some 40,000 or 50,000 troops to Schles wig Holstein, in order to carry on the war with spirit. and to put an end to it before the unavoidable one le& Russia commences. It is argued that both France and England will have quite enough to do with their own affairs, and will not interfere between Denmark and Germany ' • that if the former will g o to war it will not b e for D en mark's private interests, but for the independence of Italy ; and that the latter is still labouring under grievous burden of the na- tional debt incurred by , its the last war o f interference. The writer of the article in question says nothing about Prussian Poland : but it is quite cer tain that Prussia jut now can spare neither money nor troops enough to send 40,000 men to Schleswig-Holstein , whilst it is obliged to keep up quite as large a force in Posen. Prussia must give up its portion of Poland — a portion which "got by must beby blood main tamed ,"before it can wage war,either with a clear con science or with undivided might, in behalf of Schleswig- Holstein. Prussia, on one side, refusing or delaying to acknowledge the nationality of the Poles, and, on the other, claiming the German nationality and inde pendence of the Danish duchies, is playing a double game, which may lead to a double loss. The new Prussian diet which will assemble in Berlin on the 22nd prom., will be composed of 401 'Members. It is calculated that, excluding criminals deprived of their civil rights and persons receiving alms from public sources, there will be more than I three millions and a half of primary electors above 24 years of age, and about 2,916,00 0 persons above 30 years of age who are eligible to the post of deputy to the diet. The number of electors in the second I degree—that is t o say, such as having been first I chosen by the primary eleetorv, choose in return the members of the diet—is about 32,000, so that there will be a deputy for about every 40,000 inhabitants (taking the population at 16,112,938, according to the census of 1846), one for aout ever 8,728 electors in the first degree, and o b ne for abo ut every 80 electors in the second degree. The club of Berlin has issued a protest against the introduction of more troops into that capital, and has I declared that it will look with distrust on the tary, and particularly on their officers, so long se I they are not sworn to protect the acquired and plea raised liberty of the people. The club sees in the recall of the military a concession made to the retro grade party, who, it is asserted, hate and fear the I people more than the Russians or the Danes. The officers in garrison in Aix-la-Chapelle have forwarded an address to the president of the council, l begging of him to appoint a commission to delibe rate on the reforms required iu the army, such as the political equality of the military with other citizens ; the obligation upon them to take an oath to defend the constitution when it is fully established; the ap plication of the civil law, as a general rule, to offences on the part of the military, a better division of the pay of the officers, and an increase of pay for the young sub-officers and privates; the abolition of the tribunal of honour; and the free election by the officers of a commission of four members who, toge ther with the commander, shall decide by a majority upon questions now brought before that tribuna. The Allyeineine l'reussisehe Zeitung publishes a royal ordonnance, authorising the establishment of public loan-treasuries (wherever branches of the Bank of Prussia exist), and the issue of notes by such treasuries. Money will be advanced on all kinds of property and goods. The notes will be taken for their full value in all public institutions, but they will not have a forced currency elsewhere. Volunteers from Berlin, Cologne, Hanover , and other large places, are pr oceeding almost daily to Schleswig-Holstein. During the last two day 400 have gone from Cologne alone. A royal ordonnance has just appeared in Berlin, appointing . privy councillor,l)r. Patow director of the new ministry of commerce, trade, and public works. The Cologne Gazette of this night (dated for to morrow) states that the Prussian troops were to have entered Schleswig yesterday, even if the lianoverian cavalry had not arrived—orders to that effect having arrived from Berlin. Prussia, it is added, has threat ened Denmark with an invasion of Jutland, if the latter make any hostile demo nstrations against the Prussian ports on the Baltic. The above journal states that up to the 15th anarchy still prevailed in the duchy of Posen. The commissary of the Mogilno district has called all the Polish inhabitants to arms for their country and their religion. According to the Breslau Gazette the armed Poles had come into collision with the Prusien troops in Cerniejwo Kumik and Nekla ; and in other places had committed gross excesses against the Ger mans. The Polish army is stationed at Wreschen. General Steinacker has threatened to bombard Posen if any movement be made there. The Breslau Ga zette states that Pleschen was to have been boas barded on the 15 th inst. It is asserted, however, lel other journals that the armed Poles have dispersed. The statement that a number of Poles, who had fled into the duchy . of Posen from Russian-Poland (under the impression that the two races in that'' duchy had fraternised in order to wage war with! Russia) were attacked and cruelly ill-treated by the Prussian hussars, as well as by the Jews of Laldsczyn, l is fully confirmed. Ten eut of the twenty-eight Poles (all landed proprietors in the " kingdom" of Poland) were shot by the hussars, and ten others wounded. Their horses were sold at Bromberg, and their money and valuables taken away from them. The surviving Poles, with the exception of two or three who crossed over again to Russian-Poland, were sent to Thorn as prisoners." The Berlin Staats Zeitung furnishes later intelli genre from Posen than that given by our correspon dent. .The Posen Zeitung of the 17th contains a pro clamation made by Gen. Colomb, for the purpose of refuting the statements of the Polish organ ( Gaeta Polska) respecting the excesses of the soldiery. The proclamation states that excesses were committed against a body of Landwehr, on its return to Schroda, ball being fired at them. Gen. Willisen has also published a proclamation, in which he says that as it is impossible for him to answer severally all the de mands made to him from those districts of the duchy , inhabited chiefly by Germans, respecting the proposed reorganisation, he takes the channe l of a public proclamation to declare that the reorganise. tion, in a national sense, intended by the Prussian government was never to have been under stoo as one in an exclusively Polish, but also in a Ger d man sense, and that consequently no arrangement can be made in which the German inhabitants are likely to be led in any way to a change in their go vernment. A supplement of the same journal con tains a further important proclamation from General Willisen, in which he says I rejoice to be enabled to bring to the cognisance of the nubile, as it has been decided by the King, with the cogni .ance of :the ministry. that the national reotganisation of the Polish population of the prorates will not be extended to those nortums of the Grand Duchy in which Germans are in greater number than the Poles. It is also the will the of the King that those peculiar l y German portions of duchy shall forthwith he incorporated with the Germanic confederacy.) Thus the proportions of each nationality will be more fairly divided, and each will enjoy, in its own sense, the advantages of the proposed reorganisation. The line by which this separation is to be mate can of course only be accurately fixed when both nationalities are sub jected to their legal authorities. ( Orgarte.) All those dis tricts, however, which are at present incorporated in the German confederacy will not be confounded in the prelimi nary regulations. 'the Westphalian Mercury states that General Von Pfuel has been sent on an extraordinary mission to St. Petersburg, to settle, it is said, the Polish ques- MADRID.—The Madrid mails of the 16th have arrived. We learn from our correspondent that the Duke and Duchess of Montpensier had leR for Aran juez, en route for Seville, which is named as their place of exile. It seems that the Queen, having corn- I plained of the necessity imposed upon her by Nar vaez, s ince the 26th February , of t akin g an escort with ' her in her daily promenades, Nlontpensier hinted to her privately that the popular disfavour against which such escort was designed es a protection was directed against her ministers and not against herself. Narvaez wormed this out of Isabella, and sent off the imprudent duke and his eon sort. A decree has been published for the construction of six steam-ships. The machinery is to be made in England. ___.-----_ LOMBARDY.—The advices from Milan, which c ome down to the 13 th (n ot later than what I last sent), add to our previous news some details not with out interest. The Provisional Government has pub lished a manifesto, addressed to all the powers of Europe, in behalf of oppressed Italy, and directed against Austria. - The Picdmontese army was still in position along the line of the Mincio, occupying both banks of that river. The Austrians had retired to the Adige. Charles Albert was apparently waiting to be reinforced by the 20,000 Roman and Tuscan auxiliaries, which were expected daily from Ferrara and ItociFo under General Durand°. The advance of eight Neapolitan , 1 reg iments of infantry , three of cavalr y , and sixty) pieces of artillery, in aid of the combined forces of the crusaders (as they are called) was officially confirmed. Since writing the above the Turin mail and that of Milan have arrived, but their contents are without importance. Charles Albert, by an ordonnance dated head-quarters, Volta, April 15, has ordered his navy to adopt the Italian tricolour flag, viz., green, white, and red, with the shield of Savoy upon it. tion. AUSTRIA.—Oar dates from Vienna are to the 16th. A courier from Italy had arrived at the palace, bring ing news of a battle gained by Radetzki. There were apprehensions of a serious demonstration either en the night of the 16th or on the 17th. A "monster meeting" of operatives promised for the 16th had not taken place. In various parts of , the city the national guard had been under arms dur-1 ing the day, and every precaution had been taken to preserve the public peace, which had not been dis tnrbed. The news of the ridiculous termination of the chartist meeting in London had been received, and had already had some effect by inspiring con fidence in the respectable portion of the people. An address to the burghers from the " Juridische Politische-sereiu" had been posted on the walls, telling the burghers, have been invited today to meet it rolses. What do you want Who are the meu who hale called you toge By the Levant mail we have received further letters from our correspondents at Malta to the 14th, and at Constantinople to the 7th. Great agitation was produced at Constantinople lar the arrival of the news of the revolutionary movements in Europe. The English firm of Lafontaine and Co. bad stopped payment. There had been a great demand for money at the exchange of Constantinople then? They would inflame your passions and mislead ye n . Fellow-oountrymen, the constitution is prepared. and will be published in a few days. The freedom of the prsss granted. A numerous national guard watches over you liberties ; your representative' are watching them in the German parliament. An Austrian parliament wall m et assemble, to which all your wants and wishes sae be referred. In that parliament the imperial pledges melt be carried out by the ministers. What more do ru qu ire? What is to be gain ed b y meetin g in thousands.jj is your duty to see that order be preserved. Remember the* disorder has ever been the grave of freedom; by it you may lose all and gain nothing. Countrymen ! we are on the good road of progress. Lib ert y and order for ever ' An: tria expects that " every mesa will do his duty." Another address invites the people to beware of the " foreigners" who are inciting them to evil deeds. The general bases of the new Austrian constitution were given by us yesterday. The following is th e official statement 1. All the provinces are constituted into one boar, with the exception of Hungary, Croatia, Sciavonia, Siebeibergtn, and, for the present, the Italian provinces.-2. The divieion of the empire shall remain as it exists at present. The p e rson of the Emperor is seared and inviolable—C. The Eta. pear has full power over the land and sea forces, and the right of making war or peace.-6. Treaties of every descrip. Lion with foreign powers can only be made with the sanction of the two houses of parliament.-6. The attribute of mercy and the right of bestowing rewards belong to the Emperor ; but mercy cannot be extended el the ministers without the unction of the parliament-7, The laws are to be a dministered p ublicl y in open courts by verbal pleadings. and trial to be be jury. Th e judges will be appointed for life.-8. All projec3 of laws are to be proposed as well as sanctioned by the Emperor.-9, The Emperor will aasemble the parliament annually,and hi; must call them e : gether at stated intervals. lie hat the his peers.—"il right to prorogund dissolve them.—So. Freedom of me ligion, speech, the press, petition, and public mveting grunted to every citizen, subject to future laws.-11. Entire liberty of conscience and religion.-12. The free exervise of religious worship is accorded to all Christians and Jesrs.- 13. All citizens are equal in the eye of the law , and every citizen shall be tried by The responeibility of the ministers will be Teet ,', lated by the Diet.-15. The legislative power is in the hands of the Emperor and the Diet.-16. Two houses of ports. meat are to be constituted. The qualifications tot members of the upper house are birth and large landed property; and they are to be nominated by the Emperor. blembersof the Lower House are to be chosen from all classes, in ordez that every interest may be represented.-17. The two hostess have the power to project laws and receive petitions.-16. All laws require the sanction o f both houses, particularly those relating to the expenditure, taxation, finance. and the tales of public property.-19. A law will be framed for the organisation of the national guard. The law of election it only provisorial, and will be settled by the be parliament. Amendments of the constitution can only be proposed by the Diet. The Vienna Gazette publishes an article in which it states that, in consequence of the formation of a responsible ministry in Hungary to which the ma nagement of the public revenue is to be entrusted, the cabinet council in Vienna has declared the necesrty for Hungary to take part of the public debt of Austria. The King has made this known in a note to the Archduke Palatine Stephen. The same journal states officially that the council of ministers which sits daily has lately been occupied with the formation of an imposing armed force for the pacification of Italy, the securing th.. metallic currency is order to hasten this preparation and give support to industry, and generally for carrying out with speed the provisions of the forthcoming con stitution. Petitions are flowing in d -mantling the removal from the ministry of Count Fiquelmont and Count Taafe, and also that of Count lloyos from the com: mend of the national guard. FRANKFORT. —The Germanic Diet, on the 17th, urged Prussia to nominate without delay a com mander-in-chief for the Prussian forces and the tenth army corps in Schleswig-Holstein. Prince Charles of Bavaria is the commander-in-chief of the 7th and Bth army corps. The Frankfort "committee of fifty" has requested the Diet to allow 600 Poles to pees through Germany en rotate for Poland. The Frankfort " fifty " bate sent the Baden de puty, Herr Nlathy, to Berlin, in order to urge the Prussian government to take a decided step in main , taming the rights of Schleswig-Holstein. BADEN.—Siz rioters were arrested at Mannheim on the evening of the 17th, after one of them, belong ing to the republican party, had killed a tradesman's son in a tavern, where a number of persons were die cussing the question of a republic for Germany. The greatest excitement prevailed during the entire night. llt appears that Hecker and Struve are still actively I employed in creating a republican movement, but without success, at least so the Frankfurter Journal states. The accounts, however, are contradictory. It is asserted in the Upper Rhenish Gazette that several clergymen in the neighbourhood of Kiozig have for warded money to the Baden republicans. According to another paper Hecker has fled to Scff hausen, after having essayed in vain to induce the general of the Wirtemberg troops to retire from the vicinity/of Donaueschingen, where Hecker states be had 6,000 republicans assembled. The burgomaster of the latter place has been arrested. The Freiburg Gazette seta down at 230 the republican corps which, after leaving Strasbourg has been wandering about the Rhine country. Up to the evening of the 16th they were in the neighbourhood of Hiiningen. The corps is composed of Germane, Frenchmen, and Poles, some of whom played a distinguished part in the Paris revolution. The Working Men's Association of Mannheim has issued a circular demanding that the franchise shall be conferred upon every German of 24 years of age in the place where he has his residence, no matter of what part of Germany he may be a native. The assoc i a ti on eomplains• bitterly of the inter p retation given by the Frankfort committee of fifty to the word Staltsanyeha;riger (belonging to the state) ; an interpretation which, it is contended, will deprive about a million of Germans (who are settled out of their native states) of their ight to co-operate in the renovation of their common fatherland. The Mannheim Abenalzeituny of the 18th states that it was asserted at Basle on the 16th that Hecker, at the head of 1,200 republicans, had penetrated into the Black Forest. On the 17th the German legion, from France, were to cross the Rhine at (lroashuningen , where they were to be met by the advanced force of the German legion from Switzerland, under the com mand of Hecker. It is added that a number of emis saries from the Baden government have propagated false rumours respecting the dispersion of the "troops" under Hecker, and the flight of &Clive. NUMerO6B inhabitanta of Waldshert, Thiengen, and Oberlanch ringen (states the Basle Gazette) - have taken an oath to live and die for the republic ; but it was resolved not to break out for the present in insurrection. HAMBURG. —In consequence of the proposal of Dr. 1). G. Rieper, which has been unanimously adopted, the city of Hamburg will number 10,000 i additional electors to the G erman parliament, nse much ea the sons of the burghers and inhabitants , eq• other persons who have attained their majority, will have the privilege of voting at elections. The pro tpoerms :—That eve ffe ry German in d f Germany shallowingbe sal to this ect is containe in the 01l eligible ; that consequently the mode of election. must be founded on the basis that e ver y German, eithoct any regard to rank, property, or religious profession, must be e ligible as an elector. By th is arrangement Hamburg alone will have ten thousand additional rs electo ; and the Bitrzenhalle ad ds that it will sureall y . be no more than a just acknowledgment that those who owe their privilege of voting to Dr. Ile?t will unanimously appoint him their representative st the German National Parliament. - -- DENMARK AND THE DUCHIES. --- We have news from Hamburg to the e-eaing of the 18th, and from Rendsbuq, in Holstein, of the same date. The probability of an armistice having ben eon. eluded with the Danes has been repeatedly mtioned lately, says the .11,;rsenhally. Such, however, is not the case, and it is not likely to take place; but we tell soon, indeed, expect to hear of another battle. No tarbances have taken place amongst the Danish troops at Flensburg, and two battalions have been sent from Schleswig to restore order amongst them. The Duke of Brunswick arrived at Rendsburg on te 17h by the railway, and in the evening the town h es t Won' nated in his honour. Prince Reds iwill had left lism• burg on the 18th for Rendsbarg, and General MMendorf was expected there to take the command in conjunction with the prince, of the Prosisn troops. General Halkett had also g one to Itendsbmgg • A law of election was in preparation at liewisbur for the purpose of n amin g members from Schleswig to the German parliament. The pro the duchiesvisional govern' mint had proclaimed martial law in . A conference was to be held at ltendsburg on the 1 804 consisting of all the commanders of the German forces in the duchies, when an ultimate decicion Irsi to be come to as to who shell have the command in chief. A detachment of Prussian ca by railw from New Munster b e rg, B a n d d 3,400 Prussian infan the place on the 19th. 1,300 had arrived on the 18th at Ham' The following, is given as th men-of-war now in active servic The Galathea, 20 gun% ; the Najad 20 guns ; the St. Thomas, 25 guns ; the St. Croix, 25 guns; the Oelion, grans; the Delphinen schooner Neptune cutter; the Hecla des armed; the Geiser steamer, 160-hc Skirner steamer, 120 horse powe amBo h orse power, armed ; b e ad with two guns, 60 and Danish governmtnt has hesides-6 to 90 guns, 15 frigates, 5 ochooners, sa d small gun-boats, which can be from 14 days to three weeks. 25,001 Of war, stand at the government or t a e ui ct i totiasp : ntiv bl wo e hnm:toteo, li e ' .toeite ! :tteens:Ththxedeo n o:fnrtedefope h nhetn e of Pre th m e e haar T' inie d hte.snfi t clyrshh i e.aeiddede p voi u eni l dsfjili t authentic e m as y an Th which has recently passed bet , the Spanish government. Mr. Bulwer's note was sent mayor on the 9th. The par not to let pass so remarkable Lions under which England I the throne of Isabel 11. as place since the dictatorial pawl ment, and the consequent soap( if such a change were a matter to the English government. break silence, the language mutative was plain and possible from the tone of to dictate the internal policy vernment affects to resent witl nation. In fact, he represer England, in helping to establii and to defeat the pretensions i Spain might enter into the i free institutions which Engle strumental in promoting thrc which it is the great guiding 1 policy to create and support. Don Carlos from the throne claim, it was far from t land to lend a hand t system of military despotisi as had now been establish despotism arose merely frou moment, and if there existed speedily removed, and sum constitutional form of govern different. However deploral in consideration of the urgent perceived with regret that, bi the progresista party, with of trial, or assigning any g tion of their guilt, by ban those into whcec hands pay transferred in case the (.Ith the practice of representati , proper to change her adviser not only exercising an arbitr but establishing a necessity f the auspices of the same politi her Majesty lay no longer be ten and men fitted by their position to succeed them; 1 ministers and the multitude. suspension of the corstitti helped to establish and agre ping the very foundations of was impossible that such a with indifference by Great I things was perilous in the e to resort to insurrection to power which was p by the constitution, ant into which the transit effected. The abolition sought to be justified by pi anarchy. And if under the existing government shoo the struggle which had the themselves and the peop probability be the result. plate the consequences of Not only was the throne the personal safety of tl royal family was endange practice, of the government internal policy . of her al behold with indifference tations, which she had floes to establish and confi ruin by the exercise of . she bad contributed the bl pie to avert. Under then counselled the Spanish loss of time to that coast they were daily diverging imminent danger to the t vised them to assemble t pose before the legislative proceedings which they i for the maintenance of 1 it might not yet be too 1 tion upon a legitimate b the country . But he warn to hold their present coo nor less than the most ism, the throne of Isabel had hitherto been admit i ft:: extract G onl eh f e ministers Catalonianht othe presentfromaCarlos. British deNPKtreylrllroo dosiSpa Count of Montemolin sh tilled to it by Engle Such was the tenor had received from Lori before intelligence had gesting the necessity o supported the throne 6 of the 10th, to csonsido turned to the note e wrath high moderados beim to the top of his bent Sotomayor was in hat conduct in Spain, the miseries of Ireland; a ment language, Britis concerns of the peni chartists and repeale work enough at home get would dwhono Victoria,t pro she o, of the United King& his business. And su liah minister in a Ills • Mr. Bulwer, enti petulance of this pi which he stated tl En and Spain Gad never contrib helped to establish much less entered i government for the The grounds, th€ between parity oetween the two consequently, all i /aim must tall to 1 ordered that the i acknowledgment . by the court of Ba The scarcity of houses as k 10 th o bank. per The wife of tb tons to the Queei an audience, to pr sent to the Philip remained unanew spoken to Narvae terday, to requei might be j,io,iu answered that urgent entreatie friend ° he would i ---------- Mr. BENTHAM calls a dyslogistk meaning, and it tells th against any measure to which, asinvolving some cen- cm tralauthonty, there is • pretence for applying the dr word, to label it with "centralisation." The fact is that there is a centralisation necessary for the full ti efficiency of municipal institutions; and, on the other fr hand, there is no doubt that a centralisation a which ti I excludes the agencies o f local government is groat mischief. The problem for the statesman is to cora- S o bine the two so as to have as much free dom of local agency as is suitable and no more a of central authority than is needful for uniform action, for the equal dispenion of benefit, for i the exercise of power beyond a local jurisdiction, for i supervision and control which all local authorities i seed. As with all political problems, we can only hope to approximate more or less to the perfect com- ; bination of centralisation and local government and 1 the degrees in whi ch the two elements ought to be t blended will vary with different subject-matters of legislation. The fable of the mutiny of the members against the belly is a story of foolish fear of centralisation. Under a sound system of centralisation, the central feeds, invigorates, sustains, as it is in return fed and , s trengthened by, numerous surrounding agencies. i The second report of the metropolitan sanitary commiasion furnishes us with an illustration, vry convenient, as regards the agitation which is be e ing " carried on by the authorities of the City against Lord Mom' Fries bill, of the dependence of one district on n others for health, and the little that could be done ble for the health of the Cit y , supposing the beet possi will and perfect wisdom reigned in the City municipal authorities, without extensive drainage of outlying marshes which are out of Ci t y cqlllv--s-----I°1: _- -- —. .. w en ensb ed ■'