The Express. — London, England, 1853-10-08 00:00:00

flt .):zarrog. TO CORRESPONDENTS. A kw , - E ' .3! • Thv I::;.re.,"enetaihithe the ....rye erre:in.* tte,' t. published every Ilasetay sad End ngtht, .1% tttat . - • . , iOf post. Ad, !Ili • 'al b'e het Melt !or "The Espreeo." London F... G I'S ; ca t er. tamd be et tbe ntiee, lb, Beuverie-otteet, by Tiro ceo.‘ um the do ..1 publicattas. 111011 WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Till. ln. 1271 ANTLII64%. 4 1 1. r. 10.3waiiew Manilas, Ch. len Afteraws, €b. S. S. LO.VDOS, SITURD.II, OCTOBER S. Tut: Peace Conference is to assemble next week in Edinburgh. The LORD Paovosr of Edinburgh is to preside, and it is announced that a considerable number or foreigners will be present, to reciprocate sympathy, return visits, and so on. Nobody can have a word to say against any number of persons, from any number of tuitions, meeting to enjoy hospi tality, and to agree that war is a great curse and peace a great blessing ; that free commerce is the best guarantee of peace ever established ; that the day will come when arbitration, in one form or another, will settle the quarrels of nations; and that there are clear signs in ourday of a tendency towards this mode of settlement. All this is very desirable, and it is useful to inculcate such a , feeling ; and, if any gentleman need to be convinced of these truths, let him by all means go and listen to the good and interesting speaking that, considering who is to be there, will certainly be uttered at tke approaching gathering. But there is that in the cir cular issued by the Conference which makes it highly desirable that both members and strangers should re id and reflect a good deal before they commit themselves to some of the resolutions that will be propos, d to them. The circular states that, "in addition to the general topics of international arbitration, mutual reduction of armaments, non intervention, &c., usually discussed at Peace Congresses, the attention of the assembly will be specially directed, in connexion with recent events which have so deeply agitated the public mind, to the policy and necessity of revising those treaties by which this country is bound to iuterfere, by force of arms. in the affairs of other nations." That is, the Conference will urge that we should never again pledge ourselves as we are now pledged for the pre servation of Turkey ; and the words would seem to convey a suggestion that we should back out of our existing pledges, if possible. This is the serious and practical part of the affair ; and considering the want of clearness of view and firm apprehension of the principle concerned in the case, that exists in a large portion of society about our share in this Turkish business, it does appear to us very serious. Looked up to as some of the Peace Members are for substantial and immortal services in a great and good cause, they have by their very merits laid themselves under an obligation to study, to think, to clear their own views, to take care that they comprehend the whole ques tion, before they invite popular attention to their op position to what is, if a duty at all, the most urgent and sacred national duty of the time. To us it ap pears that they are in the dark as to the grounds of our obligations, and not alive to the claims of na tional conscience, in a question as solemn as can come before the existing generation. They treat all wars as of the same kind, and de nounce them all in the same breath. They say that we have outgrown war, and that warfare would never he proposed if we only cleared away the appa ratus. Not to dwell on the obvious truth that, as religion generat eaclergy and churches, so war generates armies and artillery, and not the converse in either case, the absence of discrimination about the kinds and occasions of warfare renders the whole discussion merely disturbing and vexatious to prin ciple. The Roman wars of conquest were one thing ; a thing long passed away, and needing no more words. The defensive wars which succeeded those of conquest were another thing ; and they too, as taking place among the leading nations of the earth—the great powers of western Europe—have passed away. They would never have intruded upon this century but for the antique vices of BONAPARTE, who prostituted to the purposes of his own unphilo sophical and retrograde ambition such an opportunity of blessing his race as was, perhaps, never before, and probably will never be again offered to any man. To those who read their own timesby the broad day light of history, instead of by the farthing candle of their own life's experience, it is clear that there can never again be any serious and sustained warfare among the great nations of western Europe, though It is equally evident that they are not, on this account, much nearer to peace and tranquillity. To the de fensive wars of the middle ages succeeded the wars on commercial grounds, which lasted up to the time of our immediate fathers; and sow that these colonial and other commercial conflicts have ceased, the desti nation of modern armies is, in most countries, though happily not in our own, to maintain political order at home. If this were the whole ease, the Peace Conference might have all its own way. It might busy itself about arbitration and so forth ; and inter national pew would exist, and grow strong (unless under some passing disturbance from some indivi dual ambition), whether they lent a hand to sustain it or not. But this is not the whole case, as these gentlemen ought to be very well aware. They may keep their proposals ready for any possible (but most improbable) revival of the last kind of warfare that has passed away; but they are wholly and un questionably inappropriate to the two orders of erased conflict that are now impending. Of these two, the one that they propose to take in band is the Russo-Turkish quarrel. Now the real question in this ease is whether the Asiatic or the European principle of government shall prevail in Europe? And they cannot really suppose that arbitration and disarmament will avail in such a collision as that. The CZAR has saved us the trouble , of showing that arbitration does not suit his case, I T ti py etare Dm CLM -- Eln this gentleman and that he can never be influenced or bound maenat hat one of its most generally re • by it. He is the incarnation of the despotic ' specte d pract i t i oners; we might, indeed, say the principle of government, which must and will come up founder of the school in Great Britain. lie died of ty. against the representative principle from time to phus fever, contracted while attending a patient ha official capaeity at the Hahnemann Hospital. Dr. hastime, till the latter is established over the whole broad platform of Western Europe. The warfare of C i u t r a i l e awtal'amrisig,lantailelYasnul'actin m the Military Ifao ve Russia is against political liberty in the large and in Cie subeequently became a pupil of Hahneman whe n detail ; and her total enginery is military. She is so in consequence of an application from Mr. Le af, backward in civilisation as hardly yet to have reached commended to him to come to Enifland and practise. the ministerial stage of administration; and the Nearly years ago Dr. Curie opened the fiat 3 s p n alh o lZ se d rv illeg i sar s y r , a s e n ti d ee inv A ited me t dioal diplomatic method is as yet, in her case, little more Publicine n to e o m it: mar than an accommodation to the modes of Europe, and jority of the English practitioners of homoeopathy not, u with us and our nearer neighbours, a political hare been trained in the dispensary established by institution. How absurd, then, is the suggestion to Dr. Curie. turn back Russia from her purposes of aggression by THE LATE MR. DAVID DREW.—By the death of t c lla r r o n f tle c r a n nc t e h r e y el s erle f i t ip , of n e t n . ro a lm n en o z in the proposals of disarmament and arbitration. She is of the old world, with whole series of wars to pus emoluments of which amount to 1,2001. per a ce nnum. through, in all probability; and, at all events, she is Sir. Drew was also collector of income and property not knocking at the frontiers of political Europe for tax from the officers of the court. He was much re admission into our civilisation, but as its be- spected, and had (we believe) been attached to the sieger and sworn foe. Civilised Europe has court from his boyhood. 1., M.P.—We understand that the to meet her, not with the cornucopia in c itwu Right Han. Elward Carswell, the President of the Deed one hand and peace tracts in the other, but with an of Trade, at foreseen residing at Alva --011ie, his declined apparatus such as ancient barbarism can better un- invitslon to apu is blic din i agi e r it was proposed eiei se t: derstand, and be more impressed by. She must be g i i m ve „ l l i f v , e , s fu E r y Pf the kindness 01 those who Pro turned hack and kept within her own hounds. It'red to pay aim so flstt.ring a compliment ; but as he is not only our treaties with Turkey and with each had come to this district for retirement, he did_not feel Mewed to attend say public entertsinment.—Al other that bind ne to this Ole It is our faith The other kind of impending warfare is of the same nature as to its principle, but different as to the persons. It will not be international, nor yet exactly civil ; but between a despotic coterie in each country—with or without armies for instruments— and the great body of the people they oppress. It is not to be supposed that the Peace Conference I would interfere in this case, in the hope of either 1 mollify isg the despots or persuading the people to lay aside their claims. Nothing but the 1 commercial spirit run mad could propose such an I arbitration as that; and as for disarmament, the Iruling powers are doing their best to secure that, on one side at least, and want no help. The war of opinion, probably irrespective of nationalities, must, to all appearance, soon break out, whether along the whole course of the Danube, or oely near its mouth, or oa the Tiber, or at the foot of the Alps, or else. where ; and that is a struggle in which the testimony of England must be clear and decisive, and her voice must be shou'ed forth, as the word of command should be by the leader of the nations, in assertion of that principle of noo-intervention, to which France and England are alike indebted for the successful issue of their constitutional struggles. THE "TIMES" AND GENERAL J.WATSON WEBB. In Galignanis Messenger of yesterday appears the leading article which the Times published a few days ago, along with and as an answer to a letter from General J. Watson Webb, editor of the New York Courier and Enquirer. To this article the editor of Galignanis Messenger has prefixed the title—" The English Press on America." We aro not apt to take umbrage at trifles, hut really, as forming part of " the English Press," we feel it due to ourselves to disclaim the imputation conveyed in this title. The article in question expresses, not the opinion entertained by the English Press of Ame rica, but the vulgar, bullying insolence of the Times at having a frank, candid, and manly re monstrance addressed to it by an American gentle , man. From all that we can learn, but one feeling prevails on this side of the Channel as to the conduct of the Times in this matter—a feeling of unmitigated disgust. On one or two minor points we may dissent from the opinions expressed by General Webb—these points, however, being all irrelevant to the main question at issue between him and the Times ; but as to the temperee and gentlemanly tone of his letter, and the genet al correctness of his views, there cannot be two opinions. The Times, however, has made this letter the pretext of a personal attack upon General Webb, so groundless, so vulgar, and so brutal, that the most drunken and deprav edf bully of the London streets might be ashamed of it. tiwth ebullitions are not unprecedented on the part of the Times, and arc not always confined to foreigners. It is but justice to that journal to admit that it is pretty impartial in the distribution of its favours of this kind. Fur this reason we did nut think it ne cessary to offer any remarks on the article at the time it appeared, inasmuch as it has long been known that he heads of the conductors of the Times having been turned by success, they are as impatient of contradiction or remonstrance, and as violent in their abusive denunciations of any one who contra dicts or remonstrates with them, u Lord Peter in the " Tale of a Tub." But when a journal so widely circulated on the continent as Galignanis Messenger imputes to the journalists of England as a body sentiments so hostile to our American kinsmen, and expressed with such a savage vulgarity and viru lence of language, as in the unprovoked onslaught of the Times upon General Webb, it is necessary for our own vindication to disclaim all sympathy with them, and call upon Galignani to retract this (we believe unintentional) libel on the English press. The most offensive passages of the article are, it is true, omitted by the Messenger, but more than enough remains to make any one endowed with average veracity or the sentiments of a gentleman wince at the supposition that he could approve of such Billingsgate. RESUMPTION OF THE LEICESTER GAOL INQUIRE —e— The Commissioners for inquiring into the discipline and management of the Leicestershire Gaol and House of Correction, will re-assemble at Leicester on Monday next, it is said, upon the application of the Justices to Viscount Palmerston. It Is to be hoped that the Commissioners will examine Sir Henry Halford respecting a statement made by that gentleman in a letter to one of our contempo raries. During the Snit investigation into the management of Leicester Gaol great stress wee laid by the gaoler and his friends upon the unction alleged to have been given to their measures in the report of the House of Commons Committee of IMO, on Prison Discipline. On this point Sir Henry says in the letter referred to : " This resolution appears in the minutes of the pro ceedings ofthe committee to have been formally pro posed by Sir George Grey, at that time Secretary of State for the Home Department. lam not sure whether this was exactly so, as the resolution teas prepared by myself." So Sir Henry, one of the authors of the Leicester Gaol system, was its anony mous eulogist in a House of Commons Report, and afterwards quoted that (his own Report, but without stating the authorship) to the Commissioners as a I high authority. Where ke ought to have been put on hie triel he acted as assessor to the judge and prompted his judgment. THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 8, 1853. rdertZT ZitOmTHE CoNTIN (SY stialmuss AND =toms TILIGRATIC) PRUSSIA. BERLIN, Ocr. B. The King returns to-morrow. WARSAW, Ocr. L The Emperor of Austria and the King of Prussia arrived this afternoon, having travelled together from Kosel. SPAIN. The fortes are convoked for the 19th of No v em ber. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. The house of nothschilds, at Hamburg, has de clared its readiness to contract a loan of 60 millions of florins for Austria. The Ting of Prussia has sent to Baron de Bruck, the Austrian Internuncio at Constanti nople, the order of the_lted Eagle, first also, in brillian-s. The Patric contradicts, in a semi-official manner, the statement of the Sultan having signed a declara tion of war on the 27th ult. What was resolved upon by the Divan was, that no more concessions could be made, and that the preparations for defence must be carried on with increased energy. The statement of the Frankfurt Journal, that the Emperor of Russia had left Warsaw for St. Peters. burg, was untrue. A telegraphic despatch from Berlin states that ho had remained at Warsaw, and had been joined by the Emperor of Austria and the King of Prussia. Equally untrue was the telegra phic announcement that the French General Guyon had gone from Olmu!z to Warsaw, as a compliment to the Czar, and with the permission of his sovereign. The French Emperor doer not cousider this the time for such a stretch of courtesy. The report of General Ciinrobert's mission to the Balkans, at the head of 30,000 men, is again trans mitted from Paris with new pretensions to credit. It is said that the particular troops to be sent to Turkey are already designated by the French go vernment. Ten thousand men arc to be withdrawn from Algeria, and the rest from the home troops, principally those who were lately at the cam of Helfaut. The particular position which this f o rce would occupy is variously specified. Rutschuk, on the Danube, is mentioned, as if it were intended to effect or oppose a passage where one was made in the former war. It is further stated that England is to furnish in her turn 19,000 men, who arc to be embarked at several of the channel ports. In pre sence of statements so exciting, a comparison of pro babilities is little likely to be valued : yet it may be as well to remark that the sending of troops from France and England to 'Turkey, pre-supposes that the resolution of those powers in relation to Russia was fixed and out of doubt before yesterday's meeting of the cabinet council. Before the Czar left Olmutz he signed an ukase for a new levy of troops, and sent it oft by courier to St. Petersburg. The National Gazette of Berlin, under date Con stantinople, 22nd Sept., says :—" Omer Pacha is now at the head of 101,000 men, between the line of Dobrudscha (mouth of the Danube) and Widdin. Silistria, Varna, Rustshuck, and Sebum's are well fortified, and numerous detached forts have been raised on the frontier of the Caucasus. Before the end of the month, Omer Pacha will have a reinforce ment of 10,000 men, and before the winter he may have 130,000 men under his orders. It appears that the Russians do not calculate on crossing the Danube above Modschin, but on the two points of Widdin and Isackdjihi ; they give the preference to the former place, because it is close to the frontier of Service Isackd,jihi is an advantageous spot, as the Danube thero divides itself into several arms. The Russians have already constructed a permanent bridge from their fortress of Ismail to the island of Dschcddal." The Wanderer of Vienna states on the authority of a letter from Sophia, of the 22nd ult., that Prince Oortchakoff has given very strict orders for the course to be pursued if his out-posts should be attacked by the Turks, as there was reason to believe might be the case. It is added, however, that rigid directions have been given by Omer Dacha to the nffieers of the Turkish out-posts to prevent their men from firing a gun without his orders. Letters from Malta of the 3rd say that an English steam corvette had just anchored in the port, to repair some damage done to her engines. She had been despatched by Admiral Dundee upon an hydro graphical mission to the Sea of Marmon. Private letters from Constantinople of the 25th state that two envoys had arrived there from the Circassian', with the object, it was believed, of de manding assistance against the Russians, and of combining a plan of operations on that side should hos:ilities commence. The same excitement that has so long prevailed still existed, and the cry for war against the invaders of the Ottoman territory was unanimous. The Sophtu, or students, the Hadjis, professors, and the Ulemas, were still exerting them selves to keep up the enthusiasm against the Rus sians, but which had no need of such a stimulus. At Constantinople, not only nothing was said of conces sion, but few or none desired that the quarrel should be decided in any other way than by arms. FRANCE. PARIS. THURSDAY EVENING. At the close of a flat day at the bourse prices exhibited a trifling rally in the Threes, and a further fall of 4 per cent. in the Four-and-a-Half per Cents. Closing prices:—Three per Cent. Bente., 72.90; ditto Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 99.50 ; Bank Shares, 2,795. Some foreign journals (says the Pays) announce that General de Goyon, aide-de-camp to the Em peror, had proceeded to Warsaw on the invitation of the Emperor of Russia. This is not true. It may be remembered that the Emperor of Austria had de signated Field-Marshal Prince Jablonowski and some superior officers of his army to be . present at the military manoeuvres of Satory. Prince Jablo nowsid was besides charged to compliment his Majesty in the name of his Sovereign. It was in return for this proof of courtesy that General de Goyon was sent to Olmutz to bear to the Emperor Francis Joseph the expression of the sentiments of friendship of the Emperor Napoleon. That mission having been terminated, General do Goyon left the Austrian camp to return to Paris. "The Solon," says the Bulletin de Paris, "has carried the order to the admirals at Besika Bay to pass the Dardanelles. This measure will not modify the situation which had already been marked by the anchoring of the frigates before Constantinople, but it will complete it. The fleets are to enter the Bos phorus the 7th inst. They will not anchor at the Golden Horn, on account of the number of merchant vessels there, but will be a short distance from it." The Moniteur says: "A report has been current for some days of an approaching modification of tie ministry. This report is entirely without founda tion." ----- The prevention. against political demonstrations made yesterday—precautions at which, under the circumstances, one cannot be surprised—are thus sar castically alluded to by the &etle: For isnot crowding the little church of Saint Jaques du-Haut-Pas, where the funnel service was performed, only • very few persons were allowed to enter, so that the interior of the church presented quite a deserted appear ance. . . The crowd of followers was so great that the cortege was twice cut asunder, once in the Rue des Funks- Ssict-Viror and again near the Bridge of Austerlitz. In ?using before the Column of Liberty of July, the mourners, in spite of the pelting rain, took off their bats. Towards three o'clack the head of the procession reached Figs.'s. Chaise, where but • ,very small number of citi , zens was allowed to enter. The tomb is situated near the oval ornamented by Casimir Yerier's statue. M. Flourens, in the name of the Academy of Science, made the first speech. He was followed by M. Burst. Then Admiral Sandal spoke of the serviceaof the illustrious deceased dialog the short time that ho was minister; but he unfortunately forgot to allude to the two events of his life of which F. Arago was most proud—the abolition of slavery in the French colonies, and of corporal punishment in the bavy. The remains of the Spanish dramatic poet Fer nand( z de Moratin, who died in Paris in 1828 and was interred in the cemetery of l'ere-la-Chaise, wee exhumed the day before yesterday, under the direc tion of the Spanish embassy, to be removed to Spain for final interment. At the same time, and for the same purpose, the retaking' of Don John Donozo Cartes, Marvis de Vald:gama , , the late Spanish Am bassador in Paris, wet removed from the vaults of the church of St. Philippe-du-it:Ade. The Chevalier de Lozanfa, an attache of the Spanish legation, and the Abbe Ausoure, the cure of St Philippe-du-Houle, accompany the remains to Madrid. PARIS, FLUDAT EVENING. The Pain:* says:—" Several English journals speak of a mission abroad, said to have been given to Gene ral Canrobert, after the raising of the camp of liel kut. This assertion is incorrect. Generiti Canrobert, on leaving Defiant, immediately commenced his tour of inspection, and is at this moment in the department of the Meurthe." The persistency of the rumour of General Can robert's appointment to the command of a foreign army is very . curious. I have only today heard another version of the story, which, but for the above statement of the Pattie, I should have been inclined to believe, judging from the source from which I have it. Accarding to this account General Canrobert is to go to Rome, there to supersede General Allouveau do Monroe.' in ' the command of the army of occupation. This army was to be increased to 30,000 men. The probability of excitement in Italy, in consequence of the part likely to be taken by Austria in the Eastern ques tion, is said to have induced the Emperor Napoleon to increase his military force in the papal capital, and to place it under the command of one of his most energetic and trusted generals. The Prase, in noticing the article of the Times of the 6th, says :—" We in no respect agree with the Times, and we think that, assuming that the Em peror of Russia really wished to draw back, events would reply to him as they have before now replied to other sovereigns, ' It is too late.'" There have been considerable fluctuations at the Bourse to-day, ending in an improvement. The first price of the Threes was 72fr. 60c. They rose to 731 r. 10c., and fell to 72fr. 75e. for the close, being a rise of 13c. from yesterday. Bank of France improved 51r. The railways were much stronger, and most of them rose a little, some as inuch as 101 r. There were two distinct currents of opinion to-day, one guided by the Ger man journals, which speak less confidently of peace than they have hitherto done, and the other by some of the English papers, which have considerably softened their tone. It is now announced positively that an understanding has been come to between the Stock Exchange committees of Paris and London, in virtue of which the price of Consols of the day will be officially posted hero and in London dining busi ness hours. This arrangement is to come into opera tion on the 10th inst. I have heard some curious anecdotes of M. Arago's funeral. Shortly before the curteye arrived at the Column of Liberty at the Bastille, Colonel Titard, of the 16th Light Infantry, gave an order to his troops to repeat the movement which had been seve ral times performed of cutting uff the better half of the procession. A considerable mass of some of the most determined republicans in Paris, who had shown their enthusiasm by walking three miles in a pelting rain for the express purpose of taking off their hats on passing the column, closed their files, and some of them took hold of the bridle of the colonel's horse as he attempted to ride through the line. An altercation ensued. Colonel Titard said he was there to do his duty. The bearded men in blouses said they were there from sympathy, and they had shown before now that their sympathies were worthy of respect. The colonel, whose orders probably were to shake off as many followers as he could, but at the same time to avoid a collision if possible, gave way, but at the same time he said to the band of his regiment, " We will have a tune suited to the occasion—strike up a waltz." I was present myself at the Bastille when the coffin passed, and I heard the waltz, which astonished me greatly, and I could not then account for it. Troops were stationed in concealment at various points in the line of procession, ready to act if necessary. On arriving at the cemetery the execution of the order to prevent the followers from entering, occa sioned so much excitement, that General Courant ordered some dragoons to charge. The horses were rushing on when a body of seryeni de rifle rushed before them and seized the bridles, assuring the sol diers that they would be responsible for the crowd dispersing peaceably. At the gate of the cemetery, General Cavaignac observed to a captain of the line, " These are great honours that you pay to M. Arago." The captain, who did not recognize the general, replied, " Yes, sir, with forty rounds of ball cartridge in our pouches." In allusion to the bad weather it was observed that the skies were in mourning for the man who had so long studied them, and some of the republicans said, "You see we are not dead. Had the day been fine you would not have been able to count us." in human pro,ress—mr aspirations for human welfare—our solemn appreciation of the. value of human liberty ;—every dear apprehentdon of our in:ellects—every lofty emotion of our hearts. The Peace Conrerenee, with all its details of the evils of war, and all its statistics of increased taxation, 'will not persuade the Euglish people—once understand • tog the ground—that there is Rot something more 'terrible than wounds and death, and even the moral evils of war, and something more to be shunned than heavy taxes. Our fathers thought and felt so ; and we are not apt to class these persuasions among the " fears of the brave and follies of the wise." As much reason as our ALFRED had to summon his people to repel the " lord Danes," as much reason as our gland-' fathers had to lino our coasts opposite Boulogne, pile up their beacon fires, and keep their powder dry, have we, and all Western Europe, to keep watch that the " %n does not make his way to the Medi . terrancan in the south nor misuse the Baltic to the north. SPAIN. The Madrid Gazette of the Ist contains a royal decree uniting in one administration the departments of the direct and indirect taxes, under the title of "General Direction of Taxes." M. Pablo de Cifuc rites, president of the commission for winding up the affairs of the credits of the Treasury which are in arrear, is placed at the head of this new department. The adjudication of the works to be executed on the railway from Socuellanos to Ciudad Real, took place on Sept 30. Only two tenders were sent in : one from M. Antonio Alvarez, and the other from M. de Salamanca, who had arri-ed the night before from Paris. This latter having ptoposed a diminution of 250,000 reals per league or the sum fixed by the Minister of Ptiblic Virorks—that is to say, 2,350,000 reals in place of 2,600,000—was declared to have ob tained the execution of the works. ITALY. Paris letters state that a corps of 18,000 men is being organised in the towns of the south of France, I to be embarked at Toulon to reinforce the army of occupation of Rome, should such a course seem ne t:Mary. The Milan Gazette of the 30th ult. publishes a sen. tence pronounced by the court-martial of that city, oondeming a cheesemonger, named Ale, aged 47,1 having a wife and six children, to death, for having kept a musket, a pistol, and some cartridges in a concealed place : and a peasant, aged 64, having also a wife and six children, to the same punishment for secreting a pistol. These punishments have been commuted by Marshal Radetzsky, for the former, into two years' hard labour in irons, and for the latter into three months of military arrest. The same paper of the Ist contains further sentences upon three persons. One of these has been condemned to four years' hard labour in irons for haring arms in his possession, and another to six months' military arrest for high treason of the second degree. The third has been provisionally set at liberty for want of sufficient evidence. NAPLES. By a decree of the 22nd ult., the King of Naples has extended the decree of the Bth of August, by which corn and flour are admitted free of duty into his dominions, to the end of May, 1834. Moreover, by another decree, the unshipping of corn and flour is allowed in all second and third-class ports and custom-houses of the kingdom. GERMANY. Oar letters from Berlin represent that the truant journey of the King to Warsaw, so unlooked for, so contrary to the known wishes of the Minister Pre sident, so prejudicial to the independent neutrality hitherto observed by the Prussian cabinet, had made a profound and unpleasant impression on the public mind. The royal truant appears to have taken ad ♦antage of AI. Manteuffel's momentary absence from the capital to gratify his penchant for the so ciety of the Imperial Absolutist, and the Berliners fear that the weak King may return to them confirmed in his most erroneous sad imprac- doable notions of government. It is a well-tisecr taintd fact that the Czar had been most pressing in his invitations to his royal brother-in-law, and that the effectual message carried by Count Munster ar rived at Berlin only on the morning of the day on which his Majesty set off. The Berlin newspapers speak with great caution of the King's journey, yet plainly betray a wish to discuss it in its suspected bearings. To credit a correspondent of the 0,1,01, it- Gazette, I orders have been delivered to the conductor,: of the Prussian nes-spspers, restraining their liberty of writing with reference to the Russo-Tto ki.sh question. The Lithographic Correspnn de n re , of Berlin states that a courier was sent fro:n Olmutz to Constantinople, with despatches for Boron Bruck, Austrian inter nuncio, enabling him to lay a new Russian proposi tion before the Porte. This was nothing more than an offer that, if the Porte would sign the Vienna note, Russia would assent to a declaration that the gene , ral sovereign rights of the Sultan were not dimi niched thereby. RUSSIA. -•- A letter from Bt. Petersburg, of the Vith ult., an nounces that a recent ukase of the Czar has pro hibited young men under 21 from leaving the Rus sian dominions under any pretext whatever. With respect to other persons desirous of travelling in foreign countries, new rules have been made. Another ukase prescribes severe penalties with a view to check the fires which are now breaking out in various points of the empire, and devastating the provinces. Vl)e Court. BAL!LORAL, Ocr. 6. Yesterday morning the day of her Majesty's de parture from Balmoral, which had been filed fur the 18th inst. was put forward to the 13th. Her MO...sty will leave Balmoral on the 13th: and arrive at Windsor ou the 14th inst. Her Majesty rode yesterday with the Princess Alice and the Prince of Wales to the top of Craig-na Ban. The Hon. Mary Bolted was in attend nice upon her M .jesty. Prince Albert went out deer-stalking. In the evening her Majesty and his lboyal highness, with the royal children and the ladies and g< ntlemen of the suite, were present at a ball given by her Majesty to the tenantry on the estate. The dinner party included the Due.ess of Kent, Lady Augusta Bruce, the lion. Dire. G rdon, and Sir George and Lady Couper. A cabinet council was held yesterday afternoon at the Foreign-office, Downing-street. The ministers present were the Earl of Aberdeen, Lord John Rus sell, the Lord Chancellor, F:arl Granville, the Duke of Argyll, the Marquis of Lansdowne ' Viscount Pal merston, the Earl of Clarendon, the Duke of New castle, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Sir Charles Wood, end the Right Hon. Sidney Ilerbert. The oouucil sat three hours and a half. The Bishop of London, attended by the Rev. Robert Bickerstetls, rector of St. Giles-in-the-Field', and the Ilkn. and Rev. 11. Montagu VlWen., canon of St. Paul's and rector of St. George, IVoorusbary, had an interview yester. day with the General Board of Health, at their office, Whitehall. A deputation from the Royal College of Physicians also had an lute view yesterday with the General Board of Health. The deputation consisted of Dr. Mayo, Dr. Francis Ilawkine (registrar), Dr. Wilson, Dr. Nairne, Dr. Gull, Dr. Barker. and Dr. Owen Rees (censor). Despatches were sent yesterday trout the Colonial-office to the governors of all the North American provinces. THE CHOLERA. Moen the Weird of Health.) LONDON. One case of cholera occurred on the sth instant in Hanover-street, Itotherhithe. The patient, a poor man, was found lying in straw on the damp floor of a miserable shed of a house, surrounded with filth, and admitting the rain in through the tiling. He had suffered from neglected diarrheca for two or three days previously. Hanover-street suffered most severely in 1849. A man was received the day before yesterday from the street into the Bermondsey Workhouse, in which two or three wards have been prepared for the reception of necessitous cholera cases. Yesterday he was iu en improved state. The Board of Guardians have appointed three me dical officers to act as sanitary inspectors of their respective districts, and are prepared vigorously to enforce to the utmost of their power all measures for the protection of the health of the inhabitants. NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. DEAMS.—OCTOBER G. Cholera Diarrhcea The total number of deaths from cholera and diarrhoea in Newcastle during the present outbreak has been 1,449. In the seine period (viz., the first 36 days) during the prevalence of epidemic cholera there in 1831-2, the number of deaths was 255. BATHGATE. Oct. 3.—Cholera LEITH. Sept. 29.—Cholera Oct. I.—Cholera BEDLINGTON. Oc`. 6—Cholera GATESHEAD Oct. 6.—Cholera Diarrhoea Tho total number of deaths from cholera and diarrhoss in Gateshead to the present date has been 392. During the like period (viz., the first 30 days) in 1831-2, the deaths amounted to 141. THE CHANCELLOR OP THE EXCHEQUER EXPECTED AT Mascussraa.—A meeting of the Corporation of Man chester is specially convened to consider the propriety of presenting an address to the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone on his approaching villa to that city ; and several other public bodies are also contemplating similar proceedings. Mr. Gladstone will arrive on Monday, when he will be received by Mr. J. C. Harter, whose guest the right hon. gentleman will be. On Tuesday a visit to the leading manufactories is contemplated, with probably a kok upon 'Change. On Wednesday the great proceeding of the day will be the inauguration of the Peel statue, and the presentation of the addresses above referred to, after which a lunch will take place at the Town Hall. At the inauguration the proceedings will be brief, the principal feature of the day being the proceedings at the lunch, and presentation of addresses. On Wednesday evening Mr.l Gladstone is expected to dine with Mr. Harter. On Tues day a new church is to be consecrated at Denton, when the Bishop of Oxford is to preach the consecration service. Mr. Gladstone is expected to be present at the ceremony, and at a cold collation afterwards, and to dine in the evening with Mr. Hobert Barnes, mayor of Manchester, where he will again meet some of the principal citizens. ANOTHER DARING BURGLARY AT SHEFFIELD.— On Thursday morning it was discovered that the shop of Mr. Robert Naylor, pawnbroker, Fargate, had been broken into, and robbed of about a score silver watches and three silver watch-guards. Thi• act of plunder, committed within three weeks of the burglary at the Chop of Mr. Cohin, in High street, whence were stolen gold watches and jewellery worth 3001., has created quite a panic among tradesmen dealing in that description of property, especially as the burglars remain undiscovered. FATAL RAILWAY ACCIDENT.—On Thursday after noon an accident of an exceedingly painful nature occurred near the Pontefract station of the Lancashire and York shire Railway. It appears that a Mr. Edward Rogerson, farmer, at Avercroft, a little uesr at band, expected some sheep at the Pontefract station, and accordingly sent his man to bring them home. The train in which were the sheep having come up to the station, had to make a retro grade movement, in order to shunt off the trucks contain ing the sheep. Raving done this, it was returning, when the man sent to look after the sheep attempted to cross the line full before the rapidly approaching engine. No looser had he placed his foot on the rails than the buffers of the engine caught him, knocked him down, and the whole train passed over his body, dragging it to a distance of twenty or thirty yards, and mutilating it in a most shock ing manner. The poor fellow was instantly taken up, but life bad fled, the head being literally severed from the body. GRAIN AND MEAL IMPORTED INTO TILE UNITED KlNODOM.—Yesterday, an official document proved that I List year, of the several kinds of grain and meal imported, the total was 3,866,729 cwts , of which 2,620,066 came from the United States of America, and 261.456 from British I America ; whilst France supplied 551,039, and the northern ports of Russia only Mil cwts. THE SWELLY ROCKS, MENAI STRAITS. The blasting of these dangerous obstructions to the due navi4a tion of the Menai is being sati.fattorily proceeded with, end it is said that an increased impetus has already been given to the tides. 'ibis impetus is said to be very perceptible to those engaged in rafting timbers, &c., in the locality of these ruche. ARCTIC EXPLORING EXPEI►ITIoN We have received the following important com munication from the Board of Admtralty. It wou l d uppeur that the North-west l'asagt: L h em actually sailed through. A more important item of the news is that nothing hits been Laid ur se..n of Franklin and his gallaut companions. It is to bu feared that all hope of rescuing them must now b e abandoned. Her Majesty's steamship Pl.cenix, cif Thuro, U.t. 4. Sir,—l have the honour to report to you, for the io fotmation of my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty. my arrival from the Arctic regions, bringing with me the important intelligence of the safety of the lusestigater, and, the discovery of the North•\Yeet Passage, though, unhap pily, without finding the slightest traces of the missing. expedition, either by this route, or on the field of search occupied by the squadron under Sir Edward Belcher's com. mend. - 2. I am the bearer of despatches from that officer and - Captain Kellett. and Lieutenant ere.+well, .1 the liisisti gator, whom I appointed trout the North Star as supernu merary to this ship, is charged with the letters and journals of Commander Al•Cluro. 3. As his jounial is of considerable length, I will endea vour to acquaint you with the substance of it, tlmt their lordships may thus be early informed of the leading features of the Investigator's discoveries ; hut, ere I i rater into this matter, I deem it to be my duty to acquaint their lordships ut the result of the expedition I Lave the honour to command, unit though I have earned out their laid ships' instructions to the letter, and, I trust, to their entire satisfaction, it has not been without great difficulty, con siderable peril to the safety of this vessel, and the total loss of the Breedalbane transport, without the loss of single life. there is 4 — . This unfortunate event, which occurred on th e morn ing of the 21st of August, off Beechey Island, uo h uman power could have averted; and my own vessel, whi c h at that time had the transport actually in tow, b ;irely escaped This ti l ned ett in er a , l Gravy a mag g el ia on too a similar lute , receiving a severe nip, wi.ich rose th e stern revcral feet, and arched the quarter -deck, 1. stroying the rudailer and screw. One of ant beams forward wu s p rung, and the port bow partially stove, breukin u ono of the inlets .7 . 1 ~f od r o c a u n b g t, in m t a l y i e ii p a lz k b tn e g n . sil. morning of the 18th of August, when the ship was severely nipped off Cape Riley. Tue ice master is of opinion it was rectivcd in Melville Bay, while forcing a passage under full steam through some heavy ice. However this may he, I have little doubt but that for the solid nature of the stow age of our hold, and the strengthening* fitted in England we must have shawl the MAIO hoe ea the uuturtstaste Breadulhane._ . 5. By the Diligence their lordship+ will have been in formed of my proceedings up to the time of my arrival at Disco. I will, therefore, now brie fly state what we have since done, and then, in obedience to the Mtn cluuse of their lordships' orders, relate what information I have ob tained with reference to the expedition, and the discoveries which have been made. _ _ _ 6. On leaving Disco I proceeded, with the Breads:bane in tow, to Upernavik, there to obtain dogs, and to comma unaite with the inspector of North Gr.:emend concerning the disposal of the Ituse of Hull. On the afternoon r.f the' Ilth of July we reached this place, end the ships heading off, while I landed, in two hours we proceeded tg, the coast._ 7. The following day, passing Cape Sitakleton in a calm, I took advantage art the fine weather to obtain some lams from the rookery for the use of the arctic ships, and in three hours we obtained a sufficient quantity to give each of out own vessels a day's fresh meat, reserving enough to supply . the North Star's crew with provisions for ten days, iudepea dent of . he sheep we brought from Ireland. 8. On the 16th July wo entered Melville Bay, and found it packed with tee, in some places very heavy, trout recent pressure, and the land flue uuturtunately broken away, thus depriving us of the advantage of its edge for docking the vessels, in case of a threatened nip. 9. On the 11th of July, owing to oamage eustained in the see, it became necessary to shift the. screw, and this was &lee while beset among heavy flues, :.Incest out of sight of land. From the masthead no lead could be .ten at midday, or, indeed, any water but the pu. , l in which the ships were afloat, but, at midnight, we pryer , . dad along a narrow lane which opened away to the northward. 10. Thick fogs and southerly wines, which closed the ice up, prevented our getting through Mehl& Boy till the 2oth of July, when we stretched away from Cape York for Cape Warreuder. Fog prevented cur tak,ng observations while crossirg over, and experiencing a string southerly set, we found, on the weather cleating, that the ship was within two miles of Cape Liverpool, though we had steered for Cape Warrender, with due allowance for currents. 11!•aching over to the north shore (which we then kept close on board), we steered up Lancaster Sound, pessing large floes w hien were driving to the eastward. 11. On the morning of the 29th of Juiy we found a barrier of ice stretching from shore to shore, and which evidently had never broken away this Beaton. We followed its edge for several miles in the hope of finding a lace throegh, but were eventually obliged to hear up for Dundas Harbour (au Croker Bay), there to await a change. In coasting towards this anchorage we were surprised at beholding • ! tents pitched en • point six miles to the westward of Cape Warrender, but shortly taund them to be the habitations of a party of Esquirnaux, who had come over from Pond's Bay. Among there people I found many ',reserved meat and potato tins, the former bearing Mr. Golduer's name, candle boxes, some span, sad other govern• went stores, which led me to fear that they had visited the depot at Wollaston Island. 12. In Dundee Harbour we lay for eight days, anxiously awaiting the breaking up of the ice ; ur d on the 6th of August, hoping that I might be able to examine, and if necessary remove, the stores from Wollaston. Island, we got under weigh and stretched across in that direction; bat heavy hummocky ice prevented our even sighting it, and we were forced to bear up again for the r.orth shore. By this time a light north-westerly wind had eased off the ice, and 1 determined to push un as far as practicable under steam. The wind holding for 48 hours, we were fortunate enough to reach Betchy Island on the Bth of August. la many cases the ice opened just as we reached a block, which would otherwise have stop ped . our progres ; and we were told by the o ffi cers of the North Star that au water was to be seen h•cm Cape Riley the day before we arrived. Thus their lordships will perceive that no time was lost in reach ing our destination. 13. Erebus and Terror Bay was full of heavy hummocky ice, of great thickness, impervious to the sec or the blasting cartridge, and too rough and too much inundated with deep fresh water pooh; to admit the possibility of lauding the stores en Beeehey Island, or putting them on board the North Star (a mile and a half distant), according to my orders. 14. I had therefore no choice but to place them in what I deemed the most convenient and practicable petition, sad, in my capacity as senior officer at Brechey Island, deter mined on Cape Riley as the fittest spot, and even more ae• cesaible than the island. Accordingly, on the following morning we commenced our weak, and, having secured the transport in a big' - .; of the land ice, immediately abreast of a steep cliff, the people were now set to work, watch and watch, night and day. To expedite the service I erdercd all han6s to be sent from the North Star, with their hammocks, and desiring them to be victualled from our ship. The time was thus saved which would have been lost by their going and retort ing to their vessel, upwards of two and a half miles die taixt. The steamer lay with her fires banked up and her haw sers in, ready, at a moment's warning, to take the transport off shore, in case of the ice closing; and now, everything being set forward systematically, and 130 tons of t'W lauded in the first 30 hours, I determined to proceed myself up Wellington Channel by boat and sledge in 'earn of Captain Pullen, who had been absent from the North Star a month, and as his provisions must have been expended, there was some apprehension as to his safety. I had the double motive of desiring to convey to Sir Edward Belcher his despatches, as it would only be by such means he could possibly learn of my arrival until neat season, unless he should return to Beechey Island. 16. I started in my whale-boat, with a month's provi sions, at 9 a.m., on the 10th of August, leaving written orders with the first lieutenant, a copy of which I enclose, marked " M. 1," in case of any unforeseen casualty pre venting my return to the ship by the time the transport was cleared, to run no risk of the ships beiso caught for the winter, but to proceed to England witn,,ut me. 17. Wellington Channel was then 101 l of ice, and so rough with large cracks and pools that it d,i,ed sledging ex cepting with a strong party. Landing, therefore, on Corn wallis Island, a little above Barlow Creek, we made an at. tempt to carry a small punt over the ice; but this proved ineffectual, and 1 determined at last to proceed with Mr. Alston, mate of the North Star. and two men, by land to Cape lteacuc. Each carried a blanket bag, with a fortnight's provisions, and reached, with much exertion, the Cape at 5p m. of the 13th of August. A piece of open water off Helen Haven, prevented our proceeding further, and here we learnt by notice of Captain Pullen's return to his Ship, and his having communicated with Sir Edward Belcher. 18. Depositing in the cairn duplicates of their lordships' despatches for that officer, we commenced our return, and reached the tent on the fifth day of our absence, footsore and much exhausted with this new mode of journeying in the Arctic regions, having travelled 120 miles; sleeping without shelter on the bare beach, at a temperature sewn' degrees below freezing point, was a trial for all, more especially as we could not eat the pemmican, and subsisted wholly en biscuit and tea, with the exception of a few dovekies which I shut. 19. Up till the 12th of August, Wellington Channel was blocked with ice as far as the eye could reach. The plan marked "0 1" shows its position at this date,and the aliens lion I have mode in the coast line of the western shore. 20. It is remarkable that we traced, snd followed for many miles the dog-sledge tracks of Mr. Penny, ao fresh upon the sandy beach as though they hal beet, made the day previous, and it must be remembered that these were originally upon ice. 21. I returned to the ship on the afternoon of the 15th of August, and found that wind and char aes ir, the ice had obliged the first lieutenant to move the transport away from Cape Riley, and that the process of unloading had been carried on but slowly by means of sledges; 556 package had, however, been transported to the North Sea by then means. 22. On the 17th of August a heavy gale from the eolith east set the ice on to the Cape so suddenly and with such violence that both ships narrowly escaped being lost. The Phmuix was severely nipped, the ice bearing down upon her with such force that the six hawa,rs and two cables laid out were snapped like pack thrsad, and the ship forced against the laud ice, lifting her stern five feet, and causing gio.. 01.11 [6 64 7, WO I m the sib] , I builic pale k We W. sure b .ne the Si =roc. work from .• I, 1, of „Nl. retest to ear This gale, the eh from gust • -- drown zoir 1C wire gave I bring' suNe , Aw tion *lacer una<a. beforr a big!' but CJ hulc place ww • ice eh edge, ice sh Jr and 1 Deed every Maji. the 2 safe WEIR II whit until a-he