The Express. — London, England, 1853-11-22 00:00:00

clortfiri. TO COItILKSPONDENTS. a Pee get Y.•l.•i••n •r , V.egeree." e ett.siettag the , cant eee mew. t•. ,* • try Trisedity d Irbini :Light, um wax tor p.c. iv... Wended be "The ribtelk." lades ET,lin Le .d t:.c Meek le, 10•1111.4ftet. by TWO o'clock es the $y of publicatloo. 111441 WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. 1 . 11:• I . - Locums, th. Ust Ariersocs, Sh.tfi . n. To-s , iits-is Int. 2 ~ LONDOS, TUESD.II; NOVE.VBER 22. TuE Corn Market as yet shows no symptom of de clink , and the question of our future supplies still continues to be important and interesting. In a very elaborate " Report on the Corn Trade," dated the 19th jest., published by Mr. GEORGE DORN EI:801, there are numerous materials for solving this question. lle gives us ample statements of the quan'ities of grain and flour imported in the last ten yaws, the countries they were imported from geogra phically grouped, and he points out that our more abundant supplies have in latter years come from the South, as they formerly came from the North. lie supplies a history in brief and by figures of our corn trade ; but past experience is in this respect so poor a guide to the future that when we go back a fewyears we find England an exporting country, and—paying high bounties to be cleared of her surplus ! The writer says that a comparison has been drawn between the present year and 1t447, but circumstances then and now are widely different. Yet there is no other period which supplies us with any elements for forming an opinion, and by the help of the facts he states we must endeavour to arrive at some conclu sion respecting our immediate prospects. In 1847 we imported of all kinds of cereals and of Sour, reduced to quarters, 11,915,590 qrs.---say 12,000,000 qrs. Now, the imports of that year were very nearly four times as great as tho average im ports of the four previous years. The imports from Russia, then the greatest taunt! of supply, increased eightfold ; and the imports from Atzerica, the next great source of supply, increased threefold ; and so with other countries ; and since then many new sources of supply have been opened to us. The price which then brought the increased quantity was un usually high-935. 9d., but the average price of the year was G9s. 9d. The avenge price of the four preceding years was nearly .525., so that a rise in price of 41s. 9d. enticed those immense supplies from all parts of tho world. It was, in fact, too high ; and it brought hither more corn than was wanted. la December 1547, the price of wheat fell to 525. 9d. from 935. 9d. in June, and the bulk of the corn importers became bankrupts. If, says Mr. Dorubusch, in 1817 unexpectedly and unpre peaty so large a quantity could be found, it is not at all improbable that this year, if required, a much larger importa tion will be obtained. With the admirable organisation of the Boning cargoes, trade with extended means of communica tion, stamen, railroads, and electric telegraphs, this nation has now at its commaad a range of means and facilities of which in 1817 it was entirely destitute. Any important fluc tuation in Mark•lane is felt like an electric shock in all the corn :markets of the world. For every ds. advance in price, a ship can sail a thousand milts further in search of food. This autumn the demand for corn in western Europe has already attracted from the depths of the continent to the see shore a large quantity of corn that, in ordinary sea sons, cannot travel the distance on account of the coat of carriage ; at this moment innumerable care toads of wheat are converging towards the ports of the Black flea and the Aticntic, ready to be shipped to the highest bidder. All these circumstances justify the hope that we *ball easily get as large an increase on the quantity we import as we imported in 1847, if we want it. Shall we want as large a quantity ? Nobody can give a positive answer. There are only conjectures. The wheat crop is undoubtedly very deficient in quan tity and very defective iu quality. But in 1817 the potato crop was an entire failure in Ireland ; now it is abundant, and she is exporting largely to Eng land. She makes now little or nodemsod on foreign grain. In Scotland, too, the harvest has been good. Other cereals than wheat are not deficient. " Farmers are large holders of corn (old and new), and have yet brought very little to market." " One sixth of the year's consumption is already supplied." Should t►e next harvest be early, we shall require, in fact, food for only nine months. These circum stances diminish the quantity we shall require. Moreover,we are importing potatoes from new sources, such as Sweden, which will help to eke out the bread; and the old sources of supply of this valuable edible, Holland and Belgium, continue their exports. While we know not exactly what quantity of wheat we shall require to import, we may conclude from these circumstances that our probable wants have been exaggerated. We have, however, some peat differences betwixt 1847 and 1863 to topsider. We now import regu larly about 5,000,000 qrs. of wheat and flour as wheat, and about 9,000,000 qrs. of all kinds of grain ; lad for some years past many countries have grown cern for oar markets. We might, theatre expect that we shall get a larger iacressed supply now, if we required, then in 1847. But then England was the sole buyer in the great corn markets; and France, Italy, and Belgium, which them seat us peat quantities of food, are now competitors with as to obtain it in those markets. In 1847 Francs sent us 262,380 quarters of grain and 130,853 cwt. of flour ; Italy 213,001 quarters of the former and 9,294 cwt. of the latter; and Belgium 43,538 quarters of grain and 36,8.3 cwt. of flour. We are thus exposed to a double deprivation : we receive nothing from them, and they buy against us in all the markets where we habitually deal. Against this, however, must be set off the impor tant facts that sisal 1&17 the supplies of grain habi tually sent to our market by Russia have risen from less than 300,000 qrs. to 1,300,000 qrs.; by Turkey, from lees than leo,ooo qrs. to more than 1,000,000 qrs.; and by the United Stater, from 430,000 qrs. of grain and 248,000 barrels of flour, to 852,000 gra of grain and 2,600,000 barrels of flour. Otber coun tries have in like manner come to depend ou us as habitual consumers, and they have, on the whole, latterly sent us fivefold as much 'obviate 1847. Oar average price of wheat has since 1847 been below 40s. Prior to 1847 it was above 61s. A rise now to 83a. woald be equivalent to s rise then to 945., and thus we may conclude that a much lower price than that prevailed will suffice to bring us ade quate supplies. The highest weekly average which has yet prevailed is 73.. 7d., or 20a. 2d. below the highest price of 1847, and a lower price than this has brought us in the present year already 3,770,921 quarters of wheat and 3,800,748 cwts. of flour. From the habitual supply hating become so large at an average price of 405., we may conclude, if other countries have oorn,—snd there is an abundant harvest in Reda, America, and Spain, from which we now impart largely,—we shall get it at a mach less rise of price than 83e. In fact, at prices about equal to our own present prices, France has already obtained 3,800,000 hecto. litres of wheat, or more than one-third of all that it is supposed she will require. If we need it, some of that supply will be brought hither, and thus we may be quite sure that, with prices somewhat higher than at present, we shall get all that we require. In estimating the wants of the neighbouring con timid, ea our competitor for . the supply, we meat not overlook the six weeks' very fine weather which has there prevailed, and which has enabled the husband- I man to get all his a inter . seed sown under the imnst favourable circumstances. as well as to ripen and gather in perfect order the vast quantities of b e yllPliCS consumed on the continent, and which I there to a considerable extent supply the place of bread. It is quite pos,ible, therefore, that the real wants of the people of France, Belgium, and Italy I may be overrated as our wants were in 1847 ; and that we rday procure with comparative ease the quantity of corn we shall require from the vast number of countries now ready to supply as. I According to the accounts rec e ived f ro m Odessa, Gala:z, and also from various ports of the United States, there will be a greater difficulty in pro- curing vessels to bring the requisite supply than in procuring the coat. Freights which were high at this time last year are now double what ,they wete thee, and •it costa no less, on the average, than 245., or nearly three times the sum formerly paid, to bring a cargo of corn from Galata to the United Kingdom. Mr. DORNBUSCII says " 335. per quarter has been paid. A want of tonnage is felt is many trades." The corn trade of ! England, absolutely surprising in its growth since 1848, must alone employ in ordinary years a million tons of shipping. At present our own increased wants, and the wants of other countries, must double the demand ; and the shipping of the world, though freedom makes it all available, is insufficient in quantity. Hence our difficulty at present is more to obtain the means of importing wheat than of getting wheat 0 import; and we have to look more to shipowners and shipbuilders for the means of supply than to the cultivators of the ground. To the surprise, we believe, of all ram—certainly to the con founding of our landed aristocracy,—the Corn Trade, discussed as a means only of affecting their welfare,. has become, for the quantity of shipping it employs, l and the encouragement it gives to navigation, second] to none in the empire, if it be not the first and greatest of all. We know no other article, except it be coal, which employs an equal quantity of ton nage; and as the trade in corn is certain to increase, different kinds being exchanged by different coun tries, it will speedily come to be the greatest trade of the world. IN announcing yesterday the melancholy death of the Queen of PORTUGAL—the royal lady in whose behalf some four-and-twenty years ago the admiration of London was so enthisiastically excited, when, as a child, she wu the guest of GEORGE IV.-- we con tented ourselves with giving an outline ef the princi pal events of her somewhat chequered and romantic career. But now that the surprise of the fatal occur rence is over, we must to-day consider its probable poli tical effects. Before doing so, we may, however, men tion that the later accouchements of the deceased QUEEN had given uneasiness and crested apprehen sions amongst her family, her relatives, and her household, and that on the occasion of one of her NW& Y's more recent confinements—that preceding the present, we believe—her ow n life was only saved by the sacrifice of the intent. Nor, before entering on the more public consequences of her demise, must we omit paying a tribute of respect to the personal merits of the deceased lady; for, like our own happier Sovereign, Bona MARIA set her sub ject, an excellent example of purity of conduct, of domestic happiness, and of devotion to her family duties. Attached to her husband and her children, to them at least her loss will be a source of sincere and deep regret. In her public capacity it was a misfortune, *hich the late Queen of PORTUGAL never overcame, that she was only sovereign of one, and perhaps, nume rically speakieg, the smallest, of its parties. Though the lawful monarch, her elevation to her throne cost Portugal a civil war : in this struggle she was suc cessful principally by means of foreign assistance, military and diplomatic; and of all European nations the Portuguese most resent the interference of other States in their domestic affairs. With her, too, came Constitutional Government ; and, though properly enough it abated the im mense power of the Church and the Priesthood, less of power, influence, and above either of wealth, aggravated the hostility of the Clergy to the new order of things, and they have kept alive even to this day the predilections of the great mw of the igno rant peasantry of Portugal for Dom MIGUEL. This gave the Court the excuse for keeping up a large acd expensive army. The civil war had, however, completely disorganised the finances of Portugal and involved the Government in debt, which it had the meanness and folly to deal with dishonestly ; igno rantly forgetting that with States especially is honesty the best policy. These facts, combined with a remarkable absence of all really able statesmen at a period when Portugal required another acid a better POItIIAL to resuscitate it, constituted difficulties which Dona MARIA had to encounter, though she was not herself responsible for them. The Quits, however, increased these difficulties by her own conduct. Like her father, Dom PEDRO in Brasil, she never heartily aooepted in Portugal the constitutional system.= which her authority was based. Like him, she was insincere, vacillating, and faithless ; like him, she trusted to everything but the confidence and regard of her subjects, and to every one but honest and truthful advisers ;—and if , her people were, as can hardly be denied, in some points of view as yet unsuited to Parliamentary Government, she teased, and tormented, and per plexed them by enbetituting the ever-shifting and various shadow for the Mee permanent and far safer reality. The consequanes was, that, whilst a powerful Miguelite feeling had always to be guarded against, the party' which had given Dona MARIA the crown WU unnaturally sad vio lently divided. Its ablest aid most loyal leaders were treated with ingratitude and neglect; the Court unused the place the Legislature ought to have occupied; where wisdom and conciliation were wanted, iatrigne and corruption prevailed ; and the rule of the QUEEN wee associated with a selfish and a reactionary policy. Hence violence was necessary to effect useful changes, and at hist a powerful sub ject (Marshal SALDARRA), without any great abili ties or noble views, was, by his popularity with the army, able to coerce the Crown, and to govern arbi trarily in its name, though personally disliked by the Mosanca and her Court. Nor is it at all improbable that, but for British intervention, the results of Portuguese discord might have been even more unpleasant to the Qum; and her family than they were. And now that death has prematurely removed Dona MARIA, nothing certain or dependable re mains behind her ; unless indeed (as was the ease with her brother under not dissimilar circumstances in Brazil) the youth and freedom from all ill associations of her son and successor may aresure the regard and sympathy of the people. Dom Pr.nno V. is under stood to be a fine active, spirited, and intelligent young man, whose natural abilities are considerable, and whose education has been of a much higher and better eharactee than that of Portuguese Princes heretohan. The experiment may not indeed be without some dangers ; but in Portugal, thus situated, there is at best only a choice of dangers ; and between a Regency and a premature majority, there ought to be no difficulty in preferring the latter. A King-Consort, be he who he may, can never be popular in Portugal; and when we recollect that, scarcely three short years ago, the husband of the late QUEEN, who is now Regent, was, on a critical emergency, deserted by the army of which he was legally the chief, it is impel ° Bible to anticipate any real satisfaction to the nation Ifrom his administration for the next two Tears. Such a Regency would, in fact, only be a continuation of the last Reign ; and excellent Consorts to reigning Monarchs as the CODGER° family make, Europe is nevertheless jealous of them.. The best hopes of Portugal and the beat wishes of Europe will, there fore, concur in desiring an earlier majority for Dom PEDRO V. than the law affixes ; and the best contri bution the King Regent can probably make to his son's happiness, and to the welfare of his adopted country, is the resignation of his vicarious authority in favour of the young KING himself. For what Portugal wants, and what Portugal now must have, is the commencement of a really consti tutional system ;—of a system under which Parlia mentary Government shall be carried out in all its consequences; of a system of honest conciliation and of temperate and just freedom; in which there shall be no court reserves, no palace intrigues, no secret combinations, no personal proscriptions obstructing, embarrassing, and at last defeating popular liberty. The Brazilians arc only Amcrican•Portuguese, and there, at Rio de Janeiro, such a system is iu suc cessful operation. And whence its success? Simply because there it has fair-play. It needs no more (but it can be satisfied with no less) at Lisbon. No doubt there is corruption, there is faction, there is intrigue, there is even disloyalty, to be encountered in Portugal. So there also was in Brazil. But Parliamentary Go vernment is proving too much and too powerful for such evil influences. And what the Portuguese have accomplished in South America they will achieve in Europe under parity of circumstances. Complete success will, of course, require time ; but what is now wanted is a beginning. To secure that, it is necessary to dispense with a Regency. And if pre cedents for its dispensation are wanted, they are to be found in our own times. The minority of Dona Mama herself was prematurely terminated; so also was that of her brother, the Emperor of BRAZIL; and in the latter case with the happiest consequences. To lose two years with Portugal in its present de plorable state is to waste half a century, is to associ ate the reign of the young KING with the misfor tunes and the failure of his predecessor ; is, in all probability, to give an evil tone and current to his whole life. Under a Regency, Miguelism will again raise its head, faction be exasperated and more em bittered, the youth of the rising generation will be in oculated with all the passions and the vices of their fathers, and a great and noble opportunity of reconciliation will be evaded and avoided. With the Treasury insolvent, without credit or respect abroad, with an army four or five months in arrest of its pay, with other state functionaries wanting twelve mouths' salaries, with a ministry in power by violence and force, with a populace discontented, what can a Regency hope to effect or accomplish ? THE LAWSON OBSERVATORY. 'E;;:a e THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 22, 1853 LATEST FROM ABROAD. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. TO THE EDITOR OF THI DAILY NEWS. Slit,—The Committee of the Lawson Observatory notice with considerable regret the effect of the letters (iigned by Sir James South and Mr. J. R. Hind) which you have copied into your journal of Saturday. The con tents of those communications do not appear by any means to necessitate the abandonment of the plan for securing the proposed observatory. A careful perusal of them will in dicate that Mr. Hind feels some degree of hesitation while he writes, at which the committee do not feel much sur prised, seeing that he hu been in communication with Mr. Lawson during the past two years upon the proposed gift of these instruments. From 1 the high value which he (Mr. Hind) set upon them, the committee deduced the fact that while they intimated the ides that the sum fur the building and endowment might be limited for the present to six or seven thousand pounds, Mr. Hind recommended in the first instance that at least ten thousand pounds, and shortly afterwards ten or twelve thousand pounds, was the sum requisite, in his opinion, for constructing and endowing an observatory worthy of Mr. Lawson's " unprecedented liberality"— "an observatory on a seals of usefulness that would do honour to yourself (Mr. Lawson), and the locality which may be fortunate enough to raise the funds." After ex pressing himself on this wise —(the committee quote from only one letter, Feb. 26, 1852 ; others under date January, March, and September, 1852, seem to the committee to imply an equally high value of the instruments on the part of Mr. Hind)—you, sir, and the public, will not be surprised that the committee are not disposed to relinquish their labours merely because of Mr. Hind's professed doubts so suddenly published to the world without any communication with the committee upon the subject during the past two years— that committee, be it observed, including gentlemen who have been known to him all has life as persons of integrity, far above any attempt at deception or duplicity, and who in this matter can have only an important public object in view. As to Sir James South's letter, the committee have only to remark that the sum which has been stated, es to the value of the instruments, has not been fined by themselves. Common sense will dictate that it has been considered as a scientific and not a commercial value. They have no doubt instruments may be bought, and even made new, for the sums Sir UMW South states, but they apprehend that this is not the point when Dolland's Instraatesta are n question. The esiamittes unapt be erpected to know why Sir Jas. South bee anew te write upon this matter, se if it were a questissaf imam sad sale without reference to the cha racter of tie snide, rather than looking at it with the calm and philesephie eye of a practised astronomer. In eseeinsien s eseemitese have reason to hope they shall be In Nis Ole ei in Nord to the efforts necessary to be put lull to mote to a successful termination as to promote the mete Menet. of science, and to carry out the views ale Mr. Lewes. in ale his instruments, and at the emu limetejuft the eswlietsss of those who have as* ass Siowwl ',Mintiest's= to issues the.. B. J. LOWS, Hon. See. Committee Boom, Extheage Hall, Nottingham, Nov. 21, 1838. A CHRISTMAS HOLIDAY. TO TIM IDITO& OP TNT DAILY am. 811,—Will you kindly use your influents in analea vowing to obtain for the people of Bas h ed a holiday on Monday, the 26th of Deeentber, in lien of the one they are deprived of en Cheistmas-day. It RlAbt perms Is national advantage had we men than two, and those Azad, days when all might be seabled to calculate epos a day of recreation. As it at present stands our case swam pees flatly hard. If we can obtain not one day at Christmas twelve months will have passed away without a single holi day intervening. Lead us year assistance sad yea will enjoy the gratitude of sore than sae Laadon, Nov. 19. CITY CLKILK. A HINT TO THE POLICE. TO THE EDITOR OF THE DAILY SIR,--The abominable practice of exhibiting in. dsesat publleatioss is still carried on to a very treat onion is cerium windows sear the Strand. Yeti have betels goer. deed year powerful pen la order to suppress this abominable saiseam, mad really it is time that it should be a l toget h er abolished. Ths parties who are guilty of such a &gnat breech of decency and morality should, I think, be sub jected to a heavy penalty, or is default, imprisonment. What are the police about am, Sir, do., 34, Little Windmill street. T. M. THE STREET NUISANCE. TO TIM ZDITOIL 07 SKI DAILY KIDS. read with mach satisfaction your article is this day's paper, retire* to the crying evil prevailing sightly ia our great thoroughfares. It sickens one to witness the mews to which you so ably call attention. It is by a moral minds sad as extraneous power alone that a young man Is preserved is this great City from their costa minatiag inlluence—and we all well know that the heart is too prose even to seek evil, without having it thus bars , WWI, presented to it. I trust that for the sake of public morality and metal vines your pen will not tire until the nuisance is abated by them who have power gives them fey the purpose.—l em, your grateful and constant reader, 8. M. GOSSIP ABOUT A ROYAL DREAM.—To the Editor of the Doily Nees.—Traveller's Club, Nov. 21.-84: Thou sands are effected by dreaming ; and belief in them, how ever unwise, is • fact. This induces me to remind you of I the morsel of prevalent gossip —that last January • curious story was circulated respecting a dream which had rather annoyed en illustrious personage, because it foretold—" A cold spring,' wet summer,' fine autumn, end a dead Queen." Now, although (with great propriety) this was never pub licly alluded to at the time, still it excited some anxiety in the mind of many a superstitious loyalist. This anxious feeling may perhaps at the present moment be allayed is cue you think it prudent to notice the demise of the Portu guese Sovereign.—l am, &c., your constant subscriber, —X. IMPORTANT FROM TILE SEAT OF WAR. VIENNA, TCZSDAT. The Austrian CorrexponAnce announces that General Bariatinsky hu been defeated and beaten back by the Turks, in Georgia, between Gemni and Altazich. Private despatches were received yesterday in London, stating that French and English war ships had entered the Black Sea. Telegraphic advices from llermannstadt, dated Saturday last, state that Ismail Pacha's corps, con sisting of about 25,000 men, was advancing upon Krajowa. The Turks had constructed fortifications about four miles from Kalafat. The Russian force in Wallachia is very small. General Datinenberg's troops were detained at Oltenitzs, and General Fischback only commands a division of light cavalry (4,000 men), while the vanguard of the sth army-corps, wider General Anrep, consists of no more than the above-mentioned cavalry division and an infantry brigade of 8,000 men. SWITZERLAND. The Austrian authorities in Lombardy have de- manded the release of Contini, arrested by the Ticinese u an Austrian spy. In its sitting of the 14th instant the Danish Folkathing adopted, on the second reading, the bill fixing the apanage of Prince Christian of Denmark, with an amendment providing that the prince should receive no salary for any pet to which he might be appointed. The Minister of Finance declared that he would not lay each a resolution before the King RECONCILIATION OF THE TWO BRANCHES OF THE BOURBONS. VIENNA, MONDAY EVENING. At 3 in the afternoon, on the 17th, the Duke of Nemours arrived on a visit to Frohsdorf, when the reconciliation between the head of the House of Bourbon and the sons of the late Louis Philippe was completed. The Duke of Bordeaux has since returned the visit of his Royal relative. FRANCE. - • - PARIS. MONDAY BYTNINO. I collect some facts of interest from the latest let- Iters from Constantinople, dated Nov. 7. Feed Ef fendi has been appointed imperial commissioner to the army of the Danube. This nomination is highly important in two points of view; first, because Fuad Effendi was the minister whose dismissal was so insolently demanded by Menchikoff ; and next, because he is on terms of intimate and ' cordial friendship with Omer Pacha. Although further notes were talked of at Constantinople on the 7th, these rumours are of little worth, because the appointment of General Baraguay d'Hilliers to super sede M. de La Cour was not then known. The Otto man government had bought 30,000 horses for the cavalry and artillery, of which the first 10,000 had been already delivered. Notice had been given that after the 20th the Russian flag would not be admitted into the Turkish ports. It was said that three or four Turkish towing-ships had been captured by Russian cruisers in the Black Sea. Sirri Pacha had been appointed caimacan, or lieutenant, to Selim Pacha, General-in-Chief at Battoum ; and f3adoullah Pachs, lieutenant to Abdi Pacha, commanding at Kars. The Bourse was exceedingly animated to-day, the opinion that hostilities would be interrupted in the East being very generaL The Threes rose 46c. for amount, and 60e. for money. Many of the railways rose 10fr. and 131 r. Bank of France fell 10fr., but this was almost the only 'security out of favour. Don Miguel Bonds, which have long been stagnant at 41, rose to 6to 6!. This rise was not attributed altogether to the death of Donna Maria, but also to a rumour that negotiations for the liquidation of these bonds bad been set on foot at Lisbon. Namik Puha was not the only Turk of distinction who landed at Marseilles from the Mentor. Said- Bey, son of the Governor-General of the Isle of Crete, was also on board, coming from Candle, and must by this time have arrived in Paris. A terrible fire broke out on Saturday night in the quarter of the Rue St. Martin, and entirely destroyed seiea houses in the Rues Beaubourg and Montmo rency. It was hoped up to a late hour to-day that no lives had been lost, but I learn this evening that the dead bodies of a M. Desjardins, his son and daughter, inhabitants of the destroyed houses, have been found among the ruins. I regret to state that a domiciliary visit has been made by the police at the house of M. Leon Faucher. I have noklearned that anything treasonable has been found among the japers of Louis Napoleon's former prime minister. The Emperor has given 15,000 fr. to the mayor of Fontainebleau, to aid the municipality of that town in reducing the price of bread in favour of the neces sitous classes. To-day the Cour de Caseation met in full session, and gave judgment in the prates of the " corre spondence. It has affirmed the right of the polio. to open letters at the post-oftice. As this is the judgment of the united court, there is no further appeal. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. A communication from Constantinople, dated Nov. 7, states that M. de Bruck has given the most formal assurances to Reechid Pacha of the friendly feeling of Austria towards the Porte, and its deter mination to preserve the strictest neut rality. M. de Wildenbroch has also given similar usuranecs on the part of his own government. The Lloyds of Vienna of the 18th says :—" The Turks are still strongly entrenched at Kalafat. The Russian head-quarters are near Budeschti, and they receive every day rations for 40,000 men. A letter from Belgrade states that the reigning prince of Semis, after having received a despatch from Omer Pacha, soliciting permission for the Turkish troops to pass through his territory, sent a courier to St. Petersburg, Constantinople, and Vienna. It adds that Semen troops were being marched to the fron tier. According to a medical report from Bucharest, there are 10,000 Russians in the hospitals of Molda via and Wallachia. It is certain that there are 2,000 at Bucharest." A Berlin letter of the 18th, in the Cologne Gazette, says :—" A St. Petersburg . letter states that the Cur is suffering from illness. CONSTANTINOPLE, Nov. 7. The Ottoman government has sent Fuad Effendi to the head quarters of Omer Pacha with a mission analogous to that of the diplomatist Kotzebue in the Russian camp. He is called " Director of the poli tical chancery of the army of Roumelia." Next to hi own merits it is to Feed Effendi that Omer Pacha owes his advancement in the Turkish army. The prisoners made by the corps d'arioie of Bat toun at St. Nicholas have arrived here, as well as a great number of muskets and three guns. Yesterday a council was held on board the flag ship of the Turkish Admiral, which was attended by several superior naval officers, both English and French. The immediate entry of the whole Otto man fleet into the Black Sea was the subject of dis cussion. The decision of the council was not known, but it was understood that the ambassadors were manoeuvring as hitherto to draw off the Turks from active measures. The Paris journals, while admitting the superior satisfaction with which they would have heard of the Turkish headquarters being transferred to Bucha. rest, agree for the moat part in viewindllOincr Puha'. withdrawal front Oltenitza, under the new bet of circumstances which he encountered, us an act of good , generalship; proving that be unites boldness with prudence, and that, while ho will omit uo op. portunity, he will neglect no precaution. The Turks crossed the Danube in daihimg style, fought well, and gained a prestige on Wallachian ground, and having accomplished all that was to be effected, have withdrawn unbeaten and unhumiliated to a good position. The effect of the recent fighting upon Omer Pacha's own troops is likely to be good. The restless and unmanageable among his warriors, if there were such, will now be somewhat tamed. The inexpe rienCed will have acquired confidence and nerve, and the whole army will be better prepared to meet the f o e at the next encounter. The Constitutimind pre sents the following as a summary of the recent events on the Danube: It may bz remembered that the Ottoman army, in assum• imp the offensive (in a military sense), had fur object to dia. turb the Muscovite troops which occupied the principalities, the head quarters of which were at Bucharest, and, with other corps, stationed at Sistine and Krajowa. The opera tions of the Turks were directed with ensemble and vigour. The Danube was crossed at Widain, where a permanent bridge was established; entrenchments were thrown up on the left bank of Cie river, and Lesser Wallachia was oc cupied without a shot being fired. At the same time a similar movement was attempted at Halarash, where it equally succeeded. After having pushed on the corps d'ormee to the two extremities of the:Russian line, the Ottie man army conceived the project of making a point on Bu charest. It took possession of the island opposite Giurgevo, and a Turkish carps went and invested that place. Giur gevo was not, how, vet, the peeper road to Bucharest ; it is Oltenitsa which is the key to that city. In fact, Oltenitza, which stands on the left hank of the I anube, opens the road to Bucharest, and which, in ordinary times, might be reached without meeting with any considerable river. An army starting from Oltenitss, in order to pass over the distance of 36 miles, which separates it from Bacharest, leaves on its left the river Aegis, which crosses the capital of Wallachia. The plan of the Turks, which was well combined, was courageously executed. Tho principal corps of the Turks crossed the Danube, established itself in the quarantine building of Oltenitza, and supported without giving way the reiterated attacks of the Russians, who were about to retire, leaving them masters of the ground. At this mo ment the greatest anxiety was evident in the Btu sian army. General Gortschakoff sent eff couriers to demand reinforce -1 meats. He called to his aid the corps spread along th e roa d I from Statute. It Omer P..cha had been able to march itn mediately on Bucharest, it is probable that that place would have fallen into his hands. The heavy rains which prevail at this season had, however, swamped the ground, and transformed into torrents the small rivers Aegis and Donibowitea. These obstacles, which no human force could 1 overcome, and which play such a great part i n th e f a t e o f combats, impeded the march of the Turks, and caused them to lose much valuable time. Prince Gortschalroff took ! advantage of this to concentrate his forces, rind he re ceived reinforcements, which secured him an evident pre ponderance. The opeortunity was lost for the natio. They were compelled to make a retrograde movement, which they effected without bring disturbed, end recrossed to the right bank of the Danube. It was not therefore a defeat of the Turks, but a voluntary retreat, effected without com bat, sad without disorder. When we first announced that the Turkish army had crossed the Danube, we did not con ceal the fact that it was a hazardous manoeuvre. The event has justified our idea.. But although the adventurous movement which Omer Pscha made on Bucharest has not succeeded, the Turkish arms have not met with either humiliation or defeat, nor have they been subjected to the calamities of a tetreat under the fire of the enemy. In re- , ' crossing the Danube the Turks carry with them the conso lation of having tried their strength against the Russian troops, and of having come out victorious in the struggle. I If the retreat of the corps d'ormee which had occupied Oltenitra necessarily leads to that of the dete.chments which were posted near Giurgevo, the Turks do net the less remain established on the left bank of the river at Kala fat, in Lesser Wallachia, and they have obtained undoubted success in Ada. A letter received via Constantinople from an officer who accompanied Omer Pacha from Schumla to Tur tukai shows clearly that the Turkish Commander-in- Chief was not at IViddin during the passage to Retard. The writer, dating Turtukai, on the let, says :—" On the 27th I left with Omer Pacha and General Prim from Schumla. A great part of the garrison left on the 27th, and part on the 28th. On the 31st we arrived at Turtukai. The march of the troops was executed in admirable order. At Turtukai, on tho 31st, at ten o'clock in the forenoon, some of the riflemen and a battalion of infantry crossed the Danube in boats, and occupied an island which is distant from the left bank about 100 yards. On the same night they fortified themselves there, opening trenches. They have already placed three cannon there, and others are being transported across the river. A thick fog favoured these operations. We did not get a glimpse of any Russians until next morning, when our riflemen exchanged sh-ts with some Cossacks. One Cossack was killed, and thereat made oft The troops will very soon occupy the left bank of the Danube. The passage of the river has been executed with great success. We have no news of the movements of the Russians. The Danube has been creased in a similar manner at Widdin, and yes terday it was to be crossed also at Silistria (to Ksla rach) and Rustsbuck (to Giurgevo)." The veracity of Russian accounts may be fairly judged by the following bulletin issued by Prince Gortschakoff, which is an account of his decided de feat at Oltenitza : BUCHAREST, Nov. 6 —The attack made by General Dauneuberg on the Turkish position at Oltenitza was at tended with brilliant success for the Russian arms. Al though the Turks fought with great courage, and their most advantageous position was protected on the right fltnk by three rows of batteries of 40 guns, planted on the right bank (of the river, probably), and by numerous batteries on the left bank, the Russian infantry division, in the very face of the enemy's fire, succeeded in dislodging him by means of a bayonet attack. The 1,200 new muskets of Liege manufacture found by the Turks at the taking of Shefkatel have been brought to Constantinople, and are to be used against their former owners on the Danube. Ar rangements bad been made to receive daily informa tion from both armies at Constantinople. A Berrien paper, dating from Belgrade on the 4th instant, says :—" At the Servian cannon-foundry at Kragojevatz, six pieces of ordnance have just been cast, i.e., four six-pounders, and two twelve•pounders. At Widdin, some Semi= vessels had been taken possession of by the Turks. It appears that these vessels were required for the passage of the Danube. At Widdin, about a thousand vessels have been col lected, among which it is said is a steamboat, which has also been detained. The Turkish government has, according to the statement of a merchant who has just arrived from Roumelia, entered into a con tract m Bosnia and Roumelia for a supply of 80,000 :ilea' for the army." Private letters from Bucharest state that Prince Gortschakoff is again exerting himself considerably to obtain the incorporation of the Wallachhin militia with the Russian army. Having failed in this, be had entered into negotiations with Colonel Salomon, of Krajowa, for raising a free corps of Pandours. The i mountaineers of Lesser Wallachia are the most war like of their race. It happens, however, that they are at the same time the best-disposed towards the Turks. This, it is believed, is one reason why Omer Pacha chose Kalafat, the key of Lesser Wallachia, as the entering point of so large a corps as that which crossed from Widdin. This part of the country, moreover, is well suited by nature for the purposes of the expedition. To the north and to the west it borders upon the great chain of the Carpa thian Mountains; and to the east it is protected by the river Ohs, which separates it from the rest of Wallachia, and would enable an army, too deficient in number to take an offensive part, to defend itself with safety and success. It was said at Constantinople that Fund Effendi would draw up a new constitution for the Principali ties, by which the Moldo-Wallachians would acquire important political rights. It was expected that the promulgation of this act would give a deathblow to the moral influence of Russia in those countries. A correspondent writes from Jassy on the 7th correcting the statement of Osten Sacken's passage through Jassy on the sth :—The entry of the third army corps under General Osten Sacken is expected here daily, and with it the remainder of the corps of General Luders. Yesterday a battalion left for Wal lachia. The latter is marching from Bessarabia by Reni. Luders was, a few days ago, at Galatz and Bnilow ; after inspecting the positions of the troops there he returned to his former quarters. On the line of the Sereth, between the Danube and Fokshan, there are 5,000 men, with one battery. The garrisons in Sulina and on the island of Letis have each received a reinforcement of about 250 men. A reserve corps of 4,000 men has arrived at Kilia, a fortified town at the mouth of the arm of the Danube which bears the same name. - The following is a summary of a very long bulletin issued by Prince Gortschakoff on the 6th at Bucha rest :—" Oa tho let instant a considerable number of Turkish troops left their camp at Turtukai and oc cupied the Danube island which lies at the mouth of the Argie. On the 2nd the Turks took possession of the quarantine Lulling at °Dennis.), win c h i s stone, and the first brig,,ile of the llth infantry di i i. lion with two batteries, six squadrons of lancers with two guns, and 300 Cossack., received orders to atta c k them hum the side of the villaae of Nlitreei. Foudeni. On the 4th, at 1 o'clock, General Danner. berg advanced against the enemy " who Ltd h i d time to fortify his position," of which the quarantine was the centre. His lett flank rested on the river Arjieli, his right on the Dottube, and i u f ront were palisades. The right flank was further protected from the right bank of th e Danube, whitli is h ere only 212 toises (424 yards) broad, by three batteries. The left flank was also protected by batteries planted on the island in the Danube. two of the Russian batteries advanced to within nine hundred yards of the Turkish psition, and the engagement began. In spite of the " murderous tire of the Turks, the Russians f orce d t h e i r way into the trenches, and this bold attack threw the Turks into confusion. The cavalry first took to flight and rushed into the Danube. As the Russian mr,siles had caused two explosiens iu the quarantine building, the Turks lost no time in removing their artillery from it, and hurried in disorder to the steep descent leading to the stream. As General Donneuberg bad succeeded in preventing the Turks fortifying them. selves in their position, "he was of opinion that the advantage to be gained by completing the defeat of the Turkish detachment would not be equivalent to the loss our troops w.dttrl suffer from the fire of the 40 guns on the right 'mirk of tho Danube. As our , loss was besides pretty considerable, he resolved to take up his former position. Th..! Turkish troopsdid not attempt to impede his movements." SPAIN. The Clamor PuLlico, of the 15th ins"., states that the ministers will present bills to the (Lputies on the following subjects:-1. To withdmw the proposition of a reform of the constitution. 2. ! bill on the budget and a demand for permission to continue to levy taxes. 3. A bill on the press and on railways. 4. A bill to define the duties of military senatois; another demanding that a ll th e d ecrees passed, and all the extraordinary credits granted during the par liamentary recess, be confirmed ; another regulating the Stock Exchange, and effecting a reform of the tribunals. GERMANY. The journalists of Vienna have roe( ived warning from the police no: to publish 1105'8 from the beat of war calculated to provoke complaim, on the part of Russia. The Vienna Gardle announces that the Emperor of Austria has granted the request of Count Mens dorff l'ouili, and relieved him of his ambassadorial functions at St. Petersburg. AMERICA. - FURTHER AMERICAN NEWS 1'k:1: NIAGARA. A telegraphic despatch, doted New York, Nov. 10, was received at Halifax prior to the departure of the Niagara. The whigs had carried the New York state eke tion, and the democrats that of New Jersey. The Unittd States mail steamer Franklin, from Havre and Southampton, arrived at New York on the 10th inst.; as also the George Law, with the Californian mails, and 1,000,000 dots. in gold dust; and the Star of the West, from San Juan. Signor Marticelli, the Neapolitan minister, had died at his official residence, New York. There was no political news of importance. The money market was easier, but the demand being active, the rates of interest had undergone no change. Stocks have been morn brisk, but quotations have not materially advanced. Foreign exchange dull, and quoted on London 1091.. The cotton market was steady at firm prices. The Franklin's adviccs caused a further advance in the price of flour, and lied given an additional impetus to the movements of exporters. The Niagara passed the America of the same line, going into Halifax, on the morning of the 11th inst. Advices from Bermuda to Nov. 1 report the yellow fever to be raging with great virulence. The sol diers of the .liGth regiment stationed there suffered severely. AMERICAN COMMERCIAL POLICY. The Washington correspondent of the New York Hired gives an outline of what the next message of the President will be. lie says : " The President will recommend a general system of re , ciprocrl trade with the British provinces, of all articles the growth and product of each country, and the admi..sion of fish, duty free, upon our fishermen heity , permitted to fish unrestrictedly en the coasts of Nova Scotia and New Bruns wick. The proposition of the English govt rnment to per mit Colonial vessels to obtain American registers will not be opposed, but the ruggestion to throw open the coasting trade of California will be rejected as uncon,titutionel. " A complete revision of the tariff will, it is confidently stated, be suggested ; and with this view the Secretary of the Treasury is busily engaged in preparing voluminous data, to show the consumption of the several articles of trade, and will suggest important modifications in al! such articles as come under Mc head of necessaries. It is yet doubtful whether any material modifications will be made in the duty on iron ; but, notwithstanding the most urgent remonstrances of the manufacturers of railroad iron in the United Stater, it is believed a repeal of the duty on that particular article will be recommended. " The secretary of the navy will rechmmend an entire revision of the pee sonnet and materiel of the navy, being fully impressed with the worthlessness of the eMsting sys tem. A retired list and an increase of pay to the sailors, will form a prominent feature in his report. " Perhaps Use most important feature of the message will be its allusion to the position of the Sandwich Islands, and the bold avowal of the importance of their being annexed to the United States. Depend upon it the President will take this ground, and it will probably be the immediate cause of parties resolving themselves back to their original elements—the secessionists and the abolitionists flying off again u they did in 1850." A telegraph received from Cincinnati on the Bth instant stated that a report was current that five or sin of the wee tern Sanks had failed. The report caused considerable ex citement. The announcement of several more failures in this and other states had the effect of depressing the price of stacks. Among the failures are the New York, HorneSaville and Buffalo Railroad Company, and Mr. Patchin, of the Patchin Bask of Buffalo. Mr. Pratt, belonging toe for warding house at Buffalo, is also reported to have sue prided payment on Saturday. His liabilities are said to be over 200,000 dollars. The effect of these financial difficul ties in the western part of this state, it is feared, will prove most disastrous. CANADIAN PROGRESS. TORONTO, Nuv. 7. The most important event of this week for Canada is the opening of a portion of the Great Western Rail road, between Niagara river and Hamilton. This section is forty-two miles long. The remainder of the road is far advanced towards completion, and it is positively promised on the part of the con tractors that the whole, as far as Detroit, will be completed by the let of January next. The whole length of the line from Niagara River to Detroit is 222 miles; and it is one of the most important railroads in America. It will connect with the railways of New York, by the suspension bridge at the Niagara river, at one of its termini, and at the othor, with the railways of the State of Michigan. If you glance at the map, you will see that it forms almost a direct line of communication between the eastern and western states of the American Union, and I need not tell you of the immense traffic and travel there are between these points. For this reason American capital has been freely expended in the construction of the road. Apart from the Ameri can interest, it runs through the richest portion of Upper Canada, and so doubts can be entertained of its being a profitable speculation. Aptly with the opening of a section of the Great Western Railroad, the first report of the secretary of the Board of Registration and Statistics, on the census of the Canadas for 1831 and 1832, has made its appearance. This document possesses singular interest, not merely to Canadians as showing the rapid increase of population in their country, but to those in the Old NV orld who wish to speculate on the marvellous increase of population in the New. I have before given you the figures of the last census of Canada, and showed you how they compared with those of the United States, but that does not take away from the interest of the comparisons of the census secretary. Before making any further com ments, however, let us first have a few figures. According to the census report of the United States, deducting the population acquired by terri torial additions since the preceding census, the population at the date of the last in 1830 was 23,091,488; 1840, 17,067,03: increase in 10 years,