The Express. — London, England, 1852-09-22 00:00:00

gite erareMs. A Ward Vales " Oros" aorWaNg %be was ' , WWI • Omuta." la pabbalkad anal Tardy sad Maly alaat, la lame poss. 011onhoonolsosOd The Eons." tea laa Pr! as papa. laud a• the 0111ce, avaveria.aute; W edema as the Og of palilealloa. RION WATEI AT LONDON BRIDON Too thor—itsg•lag. 130. Ta.smarow—asealag, /016 —..Alliessis.WlL 445. LONDON, WEDNESDAY, SEPT. 22. TUE triumphs of the old Romans were ceremonies which in • most especial manner brought before the public eye an illustration of the last height to which the national glory had been elevated. The Roman, as he gazed upon the interminable procession wind ing through the broad streets. saw in each succeeding feature of the scene some visible image of the great drama. the catastrophe of which was signalised by the triumphal cortege. Every division in the long line bad its own peculiar meaning. The history of a campaign was written in sensible images in the great ceremonial. Now we moderns have very wisely abandoned, in most instance*, these ancient modes of appealing to the senses. There are so many means of communi cating with the intellect without the cumbrous in terposition of pictorial or ceremonial illustrations, that the latter means have fallen in some measure into neglect. Instead of being summoned, as in classical times, to the agora or the forum to listen to the herald telling, as of some event of national im portance, we are made acquainted with the fact in the columns of our morning paper. Events are com municated by lightning to the great central depot of news, and then transmitted with almost the speed of lightning along innumerable radii to all the points of our national circle. The press, in fact, is the great teacher which tells us more than ever we could learn through the clumsy agency of the agora or the forum, and which acts far more powerfully upon the national heart than any mere machinery of procession or triumph. What public, material 'demonstration could hive raised such an interest in the hearts of Englishmen, as the powerful appeals to their sym pathies which have been made during the last week by the newspaper press ? Nevertheless there arc times when the mind is dissatisfied unless the armies as well as the intellect are appealed to. And such is the case with respect to the funeral of WELLINGTON. The national feel ing requires sonic more definite mode of expression than that which is accomplished by the pen. We wish to see the last of the man who has accumulated in his own person the history of an age. Let it bo understood, then, that the Duke of WEL LINGTON is to have • public funeral, because the greatness of his deeds, and their influence upon the welfare of the nation, were such that the pub lic cannot rest satisfied unless it participates in the ceremony which removes tho hero finally from the scene of his labours. This consideration will be sufficient surely to guard us from many mistakes into which an ill-j udged perusal of a few precedents might lead us. There arc, as we have said before, so few precedents to guide us that there can be no reason alleged why we should be bound by them, further than they are coincident with the dictates of propriety. The funeral of NONE, neither a great soldier, nor a great or good man, who obtained a place in history solely because he was able, by • piece of lucky treachery, to place a worthless prince upon a throne, can be no model for the funeral of WELLixGrox, un less, indeed, a public funeral be, what we assert that it ought not to be—a mere business shared between the herald and the undertaker. NELSON'S funeral is the one to which we might natu rally look back ; but we must remember that NELSON was emphatically a warrior, and little more; and that his enotempornries connected him with nothing but his victories. He was indeed the highest, the most glorious, representative of England's daring and maritime supremacy; but his merits were almost exclusively professional. Those who witnessed his funeral were absorbed in the mere contemplation of his victories. The funeral was that of • warrior— and a warrior alone. Now the Dcxx was not merely a warrior, he was oi 'statesman. Those who have differed from him most widely have recognised never theless that his views were adopted as the result of high principle and mature consideration. He was the repressatative of a large and powerful element in the Was. and his conscientious struggles to main taut dsr that element what he considered its due supremacy were treated with chivalrous deference by biseteadiest adversaries. The political history of tie bet 40 years cannot be written without the name of WmuicnroN appearing as a prominent feature. If his political partisans loved him, his political advenanes admired him, lie is, therefore, national property. The nation must bury him. The nation most be the chief mourner. Oarter-ffing-at-Arms, with all his piebald brethren, damp with mediarval dew and dazzling with obsolete splendour, may strut as a fragmentary portion of the procession, but they must be subservient to the great object in view, the esadoeting to his last home a great hero, by a grate ful aad sorrowing nation. Let this be carefully berme in mind by those who hare the arrange swab of the solemn ceremony committed to them. Every detail should be so ordered, that the nation at large should be enabled to participate. We must not be elbowed out of our rights by a clique, however aristocratical it may be. The Dear will, of course, lie in state. A place, therefore, must be chosen which will afford the greatest fseilities for large numbers to be present. Why should not Westminster Hall be selected ? It is one of oar noblest public buildings. It is coo meted with so may of the great events in erst l national life. that its hiatcry would easigla • large portion all the history of the Indus No more tittles lipsliggy of the eWpe of one who will occupy ge peohint a place is oar history as " the Mat *NS be d than this. Wm vastness of the hall—the gnats's of its lidoial associations—the presence of the bolirdeollholins deceased—would combine to make is bpi upon the minds of the spectators that Wadi &lag be an historical education of itself. Aul, affewfer, the great covered space there alone to be hand would satisfy the great demand sure to be ash by public curiosity. Opinion may vary as to the respective claims of St. Paul's and Westminster as the place of sepulture. Apart, however, from all other considerations, there are two reasons which, as we before urged, plead powerfully in favour of the former—the greater length of the lino through which the procession would pass, and the greater epee for the reception of those who attended to wit ness the last rites. Every other consideration must yield to that of making the ceremony a national tri bute of respect to the departed hero, and this in volves the necessity of affording the greatest pos sible facility for numbers to view the procession. For this purpose the long line of street from Charing cross to St. Paul's seems admirably adapted. It is scarcely necessary . to remark, that St. Paul's affords more accommodation within its walls than any other ecclesiastical building in London. Again, we urge upon those to whom the ordering of the ceremony is entrusted, to emancipate them selves from heralds and undertakers, and Gentlemen's Magazines. Let the last rites of the greatest soldier whom England has seen—who at ono time controlled the destinies of Europe—be such as to tell the spec tator in mute, but expressive ceremonial, something of the solemn history of him who is being carried to the tomb. Let all unnecessary tinsel and gewgaw be banished, and nothing be retained that will tend to disturb the mournful grardi ur of a spectacle, the remembrance of which will never depart from the minds of the spectators. IT is with a mixture of satisfaction and surprise that persons imperfectly acquainted with the actual position of English husbandry have observed the in creasing interest with which farmers regard new ap plications of machinery to the processes of agricul ture. Thus it is that the roping machine has created a sensation in rural circles, of which many supposed the agricultural mind was scarcely capable on any topic hie exciting than the price of wheat, artd the means of making other people pay a high scarcity price, through protection. Fortunately, competition is letting a flood of light into the minds of agriculturists, and they begin to sec that their hominess is governed by the same economical laws which control the rest of ear industrious avocations. They find that he whoa= ealtivate hie fares with the mat perfect instruments, and can apply the greatest amount of skill and capital will, all else being equal, make the most money. Of the exten sive perception of such truths amongst farmers, let the wonderful increase of mechanical and steam powers, in substitution for manual and horse labour, which is taking place throughout the agrieul turaldistricts,tell. And this increase is coincident with a diminished supply of manual labour; though in fact increased employ meat of machinery and steam power in husbandry, leads directly and indirectly to a greater demand for human labour. Thwe is, however, • great difference in the kind of labour required. On an old-fashioned, routine managed farm the manual labour employed is' chiefly unskilled; mere muscle, to use the spade, the chaff-cutter, the flail, or the hoe, alone is needed. Mind, activity, intelligence in the labourer go for very little, and consequently his wages are low. On an improved form,w here machines and steam power arc used as much as possible in the place of manual labour, the workmen employed are every . day be coming more and more skilled labourers; judgment, dexterity, and self-reliance are required from them, and their wages tend to advance in proportion as they have something to offer in exchange for wages, better than mere animal force. This is fully appreciated by the agricultural labourers, and wo firmly believe that the days of machine breaking and hostility to improved implements are as com pletely gone from our agricultural as from the ma nufacturing districts. Ignorance there still is in lamentable abundance, but the circumstances of the times, and the efforts of farmers to help themselves, are doing much for the industrial education of our farm labourers. Amongst the reports of the jurors of the Great Exhibition whichhave lately appeared in ourcolumna that which relates to agricultural implements is, in a national point of view, by no means the least in teresting. That report tells us that within the last twelve months the efforts of agricultural mechanists in improving old implements and devising new ones, "have been so far successful, as in all the main branches of farming labour, taken together, to effect a saving on outgoings of little less than one-half." Here then we ire that the saving in the cost of production, relatively to the amount produced, which has been the main element of the vast success attained by our manufacturers, has already been largely brought to bear on the cultivation of the soil. This is the principle which must henceforth govern English husbandry. Here we find the finger-post pointing the only road to successful farming. And there is no other. Fanners must not, as many of them do, grow large cropsat a cost disproportioned to the ultimate value of their produce, for they will bo driven out of the field by their neighbours, who, availing themselves of mechanical aids, are enabled to undersell them; or, what is the same thing, to pay rents which men who adhere to obsolete practices cannot continue to pay. So neither will it do to apply the improved and costly machinery to un improved farms, where undrained land, ill-contrived buildings, or the burdens of timber, superabundant hedgerows, and game, render it impossible to grow • anything beyond very moderate crops. On such farms mechanical aids and attempts to farm highly will only be money thrown away and labour lost. How much of co-operation, then, is reouired between landlords and tenants to carry into effect the clearly manifested principles of modern husbandry ? We find this strongly insisted on by the Juror's Report, which says, " that the new implements require a new system." Of what use is it to use the drill if the horse-boo does not follow, or why continue to use the plough previously, which the drill may have rendered superfluous? The reformation and re arrangement of old practices and operations in hus bandry which the new machinery has rendered prac ticable, must be thorough, and complete. There must be no hesitations or compromises. The farmer who fears to go ahead, according to the nature of his soil and climate, will do well to consider what are his chances of profit when in competition with those who avail themselves of modern advantages and improvements. Occupiers whose landlords ant unable or unwilling to make the additions of fixed capital and permanent improvements on their estates, which are so notoriously required, should at once look out for fresh farms; and in their new takings they should firmly insist on rational leases, and the entire aban donment of all those semi-feudal regulations and re servations landed proprietors so frequently cling to. Henceforth agriculture must advance, if it advance at all, by increasing the amount of production and reducing its cost, and this can only be accomplished through the application of capital under the guidance of practical and scientific knowledge. And land owners must cease to oppose, by their pre judices, obstacles to agricultural progress; nay more, they mast assist it by dealing with their land on sound commercial principles. Tho proprietor of farms he cannot improve must be content with low rents,—if he can get any rent at all ; tho land lord who has received rent for land half over shadowed by timber, must consider whether the slow returns from a timber plantation or the rent from farming land will pay him best, for he gannet have both; and the gams preserver must take his choice between the profitableness of rent and the barbarous enjoyments of the battue, for assuredly the modern farmer cannot plough and sow, and pay rent, when the landlord retains the right to stock the farm with game. THE EXPRESS, FRANCE. THE PRESIDENTS PROGRESS. PARIS, TIMRDAT ETZNIKO. At the inauguration of the equestrian statue of the Emperor, which took place et L yons yesterday, the President pronounced the following speech: Inhabitants of Lyons.—Lyonese,—Your city was always associated by renearluble incidents with the differeat phases of the life of the Emperor. You saluted him as consul when he west beyond the mountalas to gather fresh laurels; you afterwards saluted him ea all powerful Em peror; sad lastly, when Europe had banished him to an hued, yen were among the fist is 1816 to again salute him as Emperor. Now your city is the Int to raise a statue to his memory. This fact is a significant one. Equestrian statutes are only meted to sovereigns who have reigned ; thus the govern ments which have readied me have always refused this homage to • power, the legitimacy of which they would not admit. And yet who was more Legitimate than the Emperor ; elected three times by the people, anointed by the head of the ekureb, recognised by all the theassalai pewees of Europe, who allied themselves to him balk by beads poli tical and by these of blood ? The &spew was the mediator betimes tee ladle ages he destroyed the old regime while re-eseablithin all that was good is It, and he killed the revolutionise, spirit by everywhere emelt, the hinseets seethe revolutimi se triemph ; that h the neon why they who overthrew him Nil bad to deplore their triumph; as to theme who defended bin, it is aaseemeary dos me to remind you how mush they have 114111% ever his kV. Amid se it was, that as is.. es the people saw themselves at liberty tombs their choke, they east their eye@ es the heir of Napalm, sad for the maw reason, from Paris to Lyons, at every point of my yeleilie, a unanimous cry of tt Vire Ilimpereur " hes been raked. let in my eyes this cry is mesh sore a souvenir whisk leashes my heart than a hope which flatters my pride. Faithful servant of the aloes. I saves shall have but one object, and that is to reesemdethe in this great country, se convulsed by so many commode= aid utophian edema, • peace bawd on conciliation themes, kliezibility as to the principles of authority, love trt the labouring and suffering slimes, and national dignity. We have but Just extricated ourselves from those moments of crisis, is which in consequenee of notions of good and evil being confounded, the best minds have been perverted. Prudence and patriotism demand that, at such times, the nation should reflect before it flees its destinies; and it is yet difficult for me to know under what name I can render the greaten services. If the modest title of President could facilitate the mission confided to me, and from which I have not recoiled, it is not I who from permsl interest would desire to change that name for the title of Emperor. Let us then lay on this stone our homage to ei great man; and, in doing to, we shall honour at the rune time the glory of France and the generous gratitude of the people ; that act will also testify the fidelity of the people of Lyons to immortal souvenirs. The Illondeur states that this speech was received with the most enthusiastic applause, and with cries a thousand times repeated of " Vice l'Empereur." The further telegraphic amounts from Lyons re present the reception of the Prince as in the highest degree enthusiastic. In reply to a deputation of the working classes from tho Croix-ltousse, he stated that the object of his journey was to study the interests of the working classes, that every subject relating to their well being should be examined, and that they would always he the object of his solid- , WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 22, 1852. TREATMENT OF T — HE ENGLISH ABROAD. Another Instance, mays the Leicestershire Mercury, has just come to our knowledge of the growing insolence displayed by the despotic powers of the Continent towards ' Englishmen residing within their sway. The present cue, too, is all the more startling because it has not occurred either in France, Italy, or Austria. Saxes yls the kingdom which is now striving to share the unenviable and disgrace ful notoriety hitherto only attaching to the governments of those countries. Dresden, its capital, is the place of all others chosen for the first overt avowal of adhesion to the unholy alliance of the second half of the nineteenth cen tury. And the party who is the first victim to this spread ing absolutist hatred of the very name of an Englishmen isms in whom we naturally feel an interest—both from his connexion with this locality, and from his early services on behalf of Hungarian nationality and independence. We allude to Dr. Paget, author of the well-known work on " Hungary and Transylvania." This gentleman, as many of our readers are aware, after leaving Leicester, went to reside in Dresden. There be was leading a very quiet life, and, as be imagined, life of security as well as peace. Suddenly, on the 2nd of this very month, September, his house was visited by a party of police, who mixed and carried off ell his letters, S. note-books, diaries, and a considerable number of books. The British minister, Mr. Forbes— for England has a duly accredited and acknowledged re presentative at the court of Saxony —was, we learn, very indignant at :this outrage. Ile at once called upon the Saxon Minister of Foreign Affiirs for an explanation of such extraordinary conduct, and, we should imagine, like-' wise demanded the restoration of the books and papers so seized. The most perfect ignorance and innocence were pleaded by this functionary. Believe it who may, neither Co nor the Minister of the Interior knew anything —so they averred—of this most flagrant outrage. From them nothing could be learned, and Dr. Paget was left utterly in the dark as to what could he the pretext for such an un expected and arbitrary proceeding. Whether the deco ' meets and property thus carried off have been returned we bare not heard. We cannot think that the B h mi nister would on any account suffer them to be detained after he had once moved in the matter unless some clear and indisputable justification of their leisure could be shown and proved, That, from all we know of Dr. John Paget, we feel persuaded, could not be done. No set of his can have justified the Saxon government in treating him in this manner ; and we trust that, when the outrage becomes known, there will be met an expression of opinion upon the subject throughout the country as shall stimulate, if not compel, even our reactionary government to inquire into Alio real cause and sources of this domiciliary visit. We use the word 0 sources" advisedly ; for the reader will observe that this transaction has not occurred in any Austrian state where the colliers of insurrection and revo lution arc still fiercely smouldering. It has taken place in Dresden, in Saxony, against whose ruler and people no Englishman can have any motive to intrigue and plot. Whence, then, the inspiration—whence the orders to act thus glaringly in violation of international treaties, and to- wards the subject of that friendly power but for whose aid Saxony would not now have been an independent kingdom ? To this question we fear then" can be but one reply. ' Saxony is no longer an independent kingdom, except in name. Its police can only have so acted under the sanction and directions of the agents of Austria ; and the King of Saxony can now be regarded only as a vassal of the House of Hapaburgh—oi, rather, of the head of the Ruiso•Aus trian empire. We shall look with great anxiety to sea what will be the course of our government in this affair. Their conduct, whatever it be, will give no unimportant in dication of theist future foreign policy now that the great warrior to whom the tory party professed to look up with so much reverence, almost approaching to awe, has been summoned to his Anal rest. RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION IN TUSCANY. The following letter has been addressed to the editor of the Daily News: Sta,—May I request you to insert the accompany ing letter in your columns? The subject of it is of the deepest interest to all Protestant Europe. Your obedient servant, SHAFfESBURY. Geneva, Friday, Sept. 17, 18.52. My . Lord,—We have the honour of announcing to you, in the name of the Evangelical Alliance of Geneva, the speedy arrival in London of the Comte de St. George. He is delegated to the Protestant Alliance, of which you are the President, to present an important proposal on the subject of the Madiai. If we have thought it right that the first commis sion of M. de St. George should be given to him by the committee of the Evangelical Alliance, it was because, in accordance with its very title, it feels itself enabled to represent, better than any other society, all that is evangelical and Christian amongst us. But at the same time, in order that there may be nothing wanting in the unanimity of the request of which he is the bearer, three other letters will be given him, from the Eglise Evangeliquo of this city, from the Societe Evangeliquc, and from the Society of Foreign Missions. Francesco and Rosa Madiai, at the ago of 50 years, condemned for the sole cause of the Gospel to tour yearsat the galleys, repulsed by their prince on their appeal for mercy, their hair shaved by the hand of the gaoler, and clothed in the dress of criminals, have just been sent to the Maremme," and are now undergoing their sentence in the midst of malefactors. Is there any Christian in our churches who could in taking his morning meal, or in laying his head on his pillow at night, think of this Christian pair, torn from ono another and bearing obloquy for our com mon Master, without sharing that obloquy with them, and without remembering that it hail been said, "Remember them that are in bonds as bound with them, and them that suffer adversity as being yourselves also in the body ?" My Lord, we remember these two prisoners. We, too, are in the body; we suffer adversity with them, and we feel the desire of labouring for their relieE More, however, than the Madiai are involved : we have everything to fear for many others. Do we not, behind these two martyrs, sec hundreds of Christians threatened with the like fate and for the like crime—their attachment to the word of God? Who can henceforth open as they did the Word of God, and. endeavour as they did to conform their life to it, without having in view the galleys, and perhaps death, since the canonical laws pleaded by the priests before the princes and judges of Italy demand more than the galleys, and even require ex termination and the stake ? "Piiniontur arl lynear " they have said (Concil. Constant., Sees. 44, Act 23). This sentence on the Medial, if nothing is done to check it, will have a widely-extended result. So lemnly pronounced in the face of Europe, confirmed by the Sovereign, who might have used the right of pardon and refused to do so, this sentence must not be considered as an isolated fact. It is the signal of a fearful transition, a return in the spirit of secular princes to the errors of tho past; a fresh encroach ment of the canon law on the legislation of their states, and a first symptom of the submission of their conscience to the conscience of the priests, however bloody may be its requirements. Doubtless we knew already that their canonical laws concern ing persecution are considered by them u unchange able because divine; we knew that the atrocious bulls of the Popes for the extermination of heretics had lost none of their authority in the eyes of the priests, that the decrees of tho provincial councils of Toulouse, of Beziers, and of Oxford, as well as the general councils of Lateran and of Constance, require that for all future times all such Christians as the Madiai should be burnt alive; but these laws have for the last century been rendered powerless by the indig nant voice of humanity, and it seemed as if their application were to ne nothing henceforward but a matter of ancient history. Now, the trial of the Madiai marks the return of a time when the con sciences of judges and of princes not darii,g to make itself heard in opposition to that of the priests, their hands are to bs again imbrued in the blood of the servants of God. Now we cannot but see that the Tuscan govern ment has mado fearful progress in the new path which it has struck out for itself since the trial of Count Guiceiardine. The Medial are not merely ex iled on political and civil grounds as persons who might compromise the public peace and the good of the country. Such an act, although very revolting, would portend much less evil for the future than the sentence upon them on the Nth of June. They are punis hed by the civil law in the name of the Divine law, as being morally criminals; they have offended God, they must be punished; and if that canonical law which is pleadtd by the priests, and which is the basis of the criminal law, were followed out to the letter, they would be sentenced to death. Thus we see that in order to obey God, their sovereign has even confirmed their sentence by re fusing their pardon, notwithstanding their age, their moral lives, and their unwavering meekness. While then, at this time, we are exerting ourselves in their favour, others besides ourselves, looking forward, may tremble with too much reason for all Europe. 'They may feel that the same principles and the same laws which demand the punishment of these two inoffensive beings at the hand of the Tuscan • 111111CLKO to the Cw di rlffillj RIM to the Er011:010e tads. The Prince took leave of the deputation in the midst of cries of "Viva Plimperear,""Viva Napoleon." He left Lyons at sight o'clock this morn ing foe Grenoble, where he Was expected to arrive at six in the evening. Throughout the whole progress money is scattered with a lavish hand. The Journal de la Ni ere states that the Prince President has given I,ooof. for the relief of the families of the persons at Clamecy con demned to transportation; and presented to the Bishop of Never. 2,000 f. for the charitable institu tions founded by that prelate. The Prince gave 2,000 f. also to General Count de Ravel, for the relief of poor and infirm old soldiers. At Moulins 10,000 f. was given away. The Prince, amongst other marks of his bounty, ordered 300 f to be given to an old soldier of the em pire named Berger, aged 93, who had fought at Wagram. To other old soldiers, who had come from a distance, he himself distributed a handful of gold ' ipieces. The negotiation with Belgium not having led to satisfactory results, the Monsteur publishes a decree, fixing the duty on coals imported by land in the zone comprised between Halhun and Longwy, at 30 centimes per 100 kilograms. The duty on rough iron castings, " fontes brutes," imported by land from Blancmiasszon to Longwy, is fixed at sf. per 100 kilograms. The Assemblie has received a private and unoffi cial warning from the police in consequence of its i having dared to institute a comparison between Na poleon and Wellington, and to speak in terms of high admiration of the career of the English hero. At the Bourse the Four-and-a-Half per Cents. rose 30c., closing at 104.60 ; the Three per Cents. fell 10e. , and closed at 78.10. The Western Railway root 8.75; Marseilles, 6; St. Dialer and Gray, 3.75; Dieppe, 3.76; Bordeaux and Cette, 2.50; Strasbourg and Lyons fell 8.26 each; Northern, 3.76. PARIS, MONDAY MYMIING. I recommend to your attention a vigorous article in the Sleek in answer to the AmembMei praises of the Duke of Wellington. The article of the legiti ' mist paper is attributed to M. Guixot. The Steele thus expresses its indignation against the legitimists —" You are in the right to remain anonymous, for in truth there would not be whips enough in France to scourge the man who after kneeling before the victorious Holy Alliance, after having sapped the throne of the restoration which they had built, after having worked at two revolutions, recommence their fatal work and dream of the return to an impossible put." The Pays is equally indignant, and tries to give its Napoleonism a certain nationality by taking up the cu4els against the Man of Ghent. But when it talks of tho "revolting impartiality of the Assnntde , e," it betrays the bias and exaggeration of its own spirit. The Bulletin des Lois of yesterday contains a de cree of the Prince President, by which a credit of 26,800 fr. is opened to the Minister of Public Instruc tion and Worship, for powering the house No. 24, Rue de FEstrapade, for the reception of the priests forming the community d Sainte Genevidre, who are to celebrate divine seethe in the Pantheon. The Marseilles journals, arrived this morning, mention a collision on the railway between Mont pellier and Nimes, on Friday last. Two trains hav ing got on to the same line of rails, ran into each other. Fifty persons were more or less injured, and only ten of them were able to proceed to Montpellier. No other details are given.—A letter from Mar seilles states that the accident was caused by a lug gage train from Marseilles running into a passenger train. Fifty persons were wounded seriously, and many others slightly. One lady has since died. M. Victor de Bonald, Mayor of Montpellier, has resigned his office in consequence of his not having been able to induce the government to revoke a de cree of the Prefect of the Hermit ordering a legiti mist club called the Petite Loge at Montpellier to be closed; and against which measure M. de Bonald came to Paris to make • personal remonstrance to the government. The Prase, in its weekly commercial bulletin, says : Very extensive and important orders have been received from the interior and from England and other foreign coun tries during the week. Several articles of luxury are being manufactured for Constantinople and Alexandria. A few orders for gnu of Lyons, St. Etienne, and Nimes maniac ture. This branch of trade has suffered a little meetly, pazticulatly at Nimes, where many of the looms are idle. The retail traders are busy in laying in stocks for the winter; there is a general improvement i• prices as com pared with last year. No more alarm is expressed respect ing the corn crops. Although the yield is under that of an average year, and the quality is fu from good, it is known that there is a sufficient stock on hand (or the winter. There is, however, considerable uneasiness as regards the vintage. GERMANY. AUSTRIA. An imperial decreelias&ieitPublished at Vienna, ordering that the tri-coloured flags, which have been used by the Croatians since 1848, shall be replaced by the imperial flag of Austria. ITALY. PIEDMONT. The Piedinontese aineti;Ol the 17th announces that the p:ovincial and divisionary councils of Pied mont are convoked for their respective periods. M. Odilon Barret arrived at Genoa on the 16th, l on his way to Naples. - AUSTRIAN ITALY. The Milan Gazette of the 14th publishes a notifi cation by Count Struoldo, Impenal Lieutenant of Lombardy, announcing that this year the two uni. unities of Pavia and Padua will be opened without restriction as they were before the events of 1848. EGYPT. A letter from Genoa states that M. Lubbert, ex- Director of the Academie Royale de Musique of Paris, had passed through that city on hie way from Almaden, where he filled an important poet in the war department. Before his departure, Abbas Pacha conferred on him the title of general, which (says the writer of the letter) leads to the belief that he is to coma on a mission to the President of the Re public, in order to counterbalance the effect produced by the visit of Said Pacha. The latter still remained at Constantinople on the 6th, and appeared likely to remain there, as the Viceroy had affixed conditions to his return to Egypt, to which Said did not appear inclined to agree. THE lONIAN ISLANDS. The Qwfie (Judie prati_shea the message addressed on the 4th inn., by the Imd High COOR/MillkloOr. Sir H. Ward, to the Legislative Assembly of the 'omen Islands. After expressing his satisfaction at the moderation shown b the Assembly daring this session, and at the passing of the electoral law, the Lord High COOURiO6OIIIOr reasanmends the Assembly to take into consideration the questions re lating to the press and to the high polio'. This present state of the legislation on the press is, he says, such as to allow of the meet violent attacks upon the fundamental laws of the state being made with impunit to repress which he had been obliged to assume ex ; powers of high police, which course, he added, had obtained the approval both of the late and present Secretary of State for the Colonies. Desirous of being freed from the respect , sibility of such extraordinary powers, which cannot be until the law itself *fen better guarantees to the State, , he proposes that any person wishing to publish a news ' paper, or to continue one already . in existence, be bound to deposit 1001. in cash, or else to give security to the amount of 1601. He further recommends that modifications be in troduced in the articles relating to the responsibility of the editor, seeing that the present writers in the public men belong to the lowest class. Moreover, he proposes a new clause to be introduced into the penal code, enacting that any person exciting to disobedience to the laws by words or writings, shall be liable to Imprison ment and a fine not exceeding 501. As soon as the As. usably shall have passed these settees the Lord High Commissioner will divest himself of his extraordinary powers, and the tribunals shell have full authority except in case of insurrection. He then adverts to the modifications in the constitution which ho will propose as soon as the above measures shall have been passed—namely : let. Annual, instead of triennial, sessions; each session to last two months; the Senate, nevertheless, being empowered to prolong it, if necessary. 2ndly. Power to be granted to the Senate to modify its present organisa tion, and to regulate the responsibility of its memers 3rdly. The modification of the Supreme Co unc il o f J us ti ce by the addition of • third lonian member, thus doing away with the power hitherto vested in the government of decid ing matters when the votes were equally divided. 4thly. The reorga nisation of the lonian municipalities. sthly. A fortnight,instead of six asps, to be granted for the eonsid, ration of the Civil List in the first session of every fifth year. The Lord High Commissioner concludes his menage with an admission that the rcforms of 1349 were too sud den, and a confident hope that the measures proposed will answer his espectutions. tribunals, may equally demand of all catholic princes to take up arms against the protestant na tions; in fact, to exterminate heretics abroad at the head of their armies, as they exterminate heretics at home by means of their tribunals. What is there, then, on the part of Rome to pre vent our seeing all Europe in flames ? Certainly it will not be owing to the moderation of man ; it will only be attributable to the power of God. It is, then, with the greatest pleasure, my lord, that we have heard of the determination of the Pro testant Alliance to send a deputation to Tuscany as soon as possible, in order to obtain an audience of the Grand Duke, to implore his clemency and mercy for our fellow-Christians. In thanking God, however, that England has taken the initiative in such a deputation, we earnestly desire that the measure shou ld be of a more comment & character, and should unite to itself the Christian ity of the country; not, however, so as to be for that reason delayed, or so as to cease to be under your direction. We should wish that three or four more persons, representatives of Switzerland, Holland, France, and Germany, should be added to your de putation, and should join it at Marseilles. We think that the Christian fellowship which unites us altogether in Jesus Christ as one body would thus be better manifested to the glory of God ; that all suspicion as to any political motive would bo more completely dispelled; and lastly, that all the friends of the gospel in Italy, as well as the Madiai,would receive more abundant comfort by this European demonstration of sympathy. Lastly, we are certain that this measure, under taken in the name of Protestant Europe, will bear fruit, whatever may be its immediate result as re gards the Tuscan gorernment. If our request should be received favourably by the Grand Duke, we shall bless God for the prince u well as for the prisoners ; and it will be a subject of gratitude to all our churches to have thus, by means of this intervention, arrested the chariot of persecution in its first movements, and checked the violence of the priests. If, on the contrary, the demand is rejected ; if cruelty prevails ; if the persecution is unrelenting ; the mere knowledge of these facts will not be useless to the churches of God nor to the Protestant sovereigns and to their councils. England and Europe will know that the most harmless Christians are treated as criminals, and that the sovereigns of that country, which but lately was the most tole rant in the cathoiic world, have become the most cruel persecutors of their subjects as soon as they consented to yield themselves to the influence of Rome. Permit us, therefore, my lord, to submit to you the following proposals (here follow some points of detail). . . . M. do St. George hopes, if it pleases God. to be in London by Tuesday, 21st September. We beg you to receive, my Lord, the expressions of our highest regard. (Signedl LOUIS GAUSSEN, D.Th., Vice-President of the Evangelical Alliance of Geneva ; CMARLES GARDE, Minister of the National Church, Member of the Committee of the Alliance, and Secre. tare ad interim. To the Earl of Shaftesbury, &c. THE CASE OF MR. MURRAY AND THE MADIAIS. The following correspond Wee has passed between Mr. Cowan, M.P. and the Foreign-office, respng the situation of Mr. ' Edward Murray, and Francisco ecti hfadiai and his wife : Valleyfield, near Edinburgh, Sept. 6,18d2. My Lerd,—l am desirous to know whether your lord ship has received any recent intelligence of the situation of Mr. Edward Murray, a British subject, some time since con demned by a secret tribunal at Rome to suffer death. "I hope, from the time which has elapsed since the trial and sentence passed upon Mr. Murray, that it may now bc considered certain that hi, life will net be sacrificed. " I should feel much obliged if your lordship would inform me if there be any prospect of Mr. Murray's liberation, and if you have received, or expect to receive, any account of the proceedings, and evidence adduced at the trial, to warrant the pronouncing of the sentence of death. I venture to make those inquiries at the request of some of my constituents, who take a deep interest in Mur ray's case, and I shall bo glad to receive any information which it may be in your lordship's power to afford. "May I be allowed to embrace this opportunity, an] to crave your attention to the case of Francisco Madiai, and of Bona, his wife, who have been condemned in Tuscany for a period of about four or five years to the galleys with hard labour, for no other crime, as it appears, than that of Breaking the worship and communion of the Roman catho lic church, and possessing a copy of the Holy Scriptures. ' "As these parties are not British subjects, lam aware that we cannot look for your lordship's active and powerful interference in their behalf. At the same time, on the ground of oar common humanity, her Majesty's govern• meat must be horrified by such atrocious proceedings, and I am sure that your lordship will be ready to adopt any mea sures that may seem most likely to induce the government of the Grand Duke of Tuscany to put an end to this cruel persecution; and if nothing more should be attained, I would humbly submit that, on the part of the government and the British public, your lordship ought to protest against each an outrage. lam sure that in these remarks lam giving expression to the feelings of the great ma jority of Scotehmen of all classes, and I earnestly hope, in as far as possible, your lordship will use every exertion so as to press the Tuscan government to deliver the two per sons from a cruel and unmerited bondage.—l have the honour to be, Cie.' CHAS. COWAY." Tho answer of the Foreign Secretary iiriirielle;eS:= "Foreign Office, Sept. 11, 1852. " Sir,—l am directed by the Earl of Malmesbury to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the eta instant, in which you call his lordship's attention to the case of Mr. Murray, and of Francesco and Erna Medial. " I am to state to you, in reply, that the attention of her Majesty's minister at Florence has for some time past been cusestly directed to the use of Mr. Murray, but that her Majesty's government have not yet learnt the final result of the proc.etlings in his use. "As regards the cue of the Madiais, I am to state to you that her Majesty's government have taken a deep interest in the case of these parties, although their power of assisting them has necessarily been limited by the fact that the Ma dials are not British subjects.—l am, air, your most obe dient, humble servant, " 11. M. ADDINGTON. " C. Cowan, Esq., M.P., Vallcy fi eld, near Edinburgh." EXTENSIVE INUNDATIONS IN SWITZER- LAND AND THE UPPER RHINE. Letters from Beale and Strasburg bring intelli gence of a sudden and destructive rise of the Rhine and the affluents of the Leman. in consequence of the heavy rains which have fallen in Switzerland and Alsace. A letter dated Strasburg, Sept. 19, says : The day before yesterday the waters of the Rhine arose in a most extraordinary man ner, and speedily reached 44 feet ober° high-water mark. They have been steadily rising since, and this morning, at six o'clock, were 12 feet above the made, and are still ruing. Yesterday a number of troops were placed at the disposal of the chief engineer to :mist the population so suddenly im perillei. They worked all night, at various points, in erecting embankments against the flood. The precautions have been carried on during the day, and just now another battalion of troops has gone out with flambeau to continue the work through this sight. In several of our rural com munes the tocsin has rung to call the inhabitants togethcr to close any apertures that might be made in the embankments by the water. SERIOUS ACCIDENT TO TILE DUCHESS OF ORLEANS. In connezion with the7el;;;ii;iite Swiss papers report an accident which has befallen the Duchess of Orleans. On the 17th the duchess, accompanied by her two sons and 15 persons of her suite, was going from Lausanne to Berne, but, on arriving at ',louden, she learned that the bridge at Courtilles had been carried away by n flood on the previous night; and she was thus compelled to return with her two travelling carriages and to take the routu of !Lemont, Fri bow, &c. She hail passed Oren about noon, but at about two o'clock, one of the carriages returned containing the duchess, the two princes, her lady of honour, &c., all drenched to the skin, and the duchess having sustained an injury. It appeared that her carriage, owing to the im prudence of the coachman, had fallen into a wide ditch full of water at the entrance of the village of Promasetut, and had been turned completely upside down. The duchess had her right collar bone broken, and the other travellers have escaped with some bruises. Drs. Mellet, of Oron, Ouiean of Mi,ziitres, and rails of Lausanne, were immediately sent for. A letter from Lausanne, on the 18th , say. that the duchess hail had a good night, and her state gave no cause for uneasiness. Tho young princes had not received a eiugle bruise. AURORA BORE:MS.-0o Friday night, and up to an early hour on Saturday morning, the northern •Icy was illuminated by a wry striking, and, considering the season of the year, remarkably bright aurora borealis. About 9 o'clock it !assumed the usual form of a semi-circle extending along the sky, shooting up its pale shafts of light ; hut about 1 o'clock en Saturday morning the appearance of the sky was much mere striking and beautiful. The lights be coming brighter and more of a red colour, shot for up to wards the zenith, while the whole northern part became one blaze of pale light, waxing mere and more vivid, and again falling as rapidly away. The sight was altogether e very interesting one. —North British Alai'. THE GAS-PIPE CONSPIRACY IN PARIS. ' It will be remembered that at the end of June last the government papers in Paris announced the arrest of a band of political conspirators at No. 16, Rue d e la Rein. Blanche, and the seizure of some pieces of gas-pipe prepared to serve as cannon, of a quantity of urine, printed papers, &c. Much mystery wag thrown over the affair, and it was suggested that the conspiracy was of the most formidable kind. ------- Ihe Tribunal of Correctional Police has just been acct- pied four days in the trial of the persons arrested. They are fifteen in number, sod their Domes are—Viguier, fur. wetly an officer of the navy ; Durand, tailor and concierge. • Angelo Durand; Paulin Durand, tailor; Corbet. wand turner; Menard, wheelwright; Borthe, bootmaker ; carpenter; Carman, box maker; Brasseur, cabinet m a k er; Machival, cabinet maker ; Pelletier, worker in bronze; Oradelet, tailor; Marie Desmares, polishi r ; Fevre, physi cian. The charge against them was haying formed a secret yolitical society. The &crucial Viauiyr, D uran d , Angille Durand, I'. Durand, Patk, Corbel, Menard, Ca r . pexa, Pelletier, Brasseur, and Machina', ogre further charged with having made ahil kept in their posi e s,;., military arms without authorisation; and Berth ,; Marie Descuarea, Gradelet, and Fevre with laving lyres their accomplices. Finally, Durand was accii. .i of has on the 2ud of December, 1t5.51, used iutulting respecting the Prince President. On the table of the court were the thi• gs seized in the Rue de la Heine Blanche. The pieces of gaspip. farmed a , cannon were eight iu number; iseven of them wire sho u t half a yard in length, the other was a yard, There wa s also oa the table muskets and hallebards, a number of b...ks and pamphlets, voluminous parcels of newspapers, Is- us saltpetre, sulphur, and charcoal ; together with a quantity of gunpowder, some engravings and prints, and the ente• form of au otlicer of the ravy. Viguicr did not appear. The other accused ans aered the usual questions as to their names, ages, and oceupatioti,. Two reports of M. Chevalier, chemist, on the eimpowd , r found, were read They stated that this gunnou der wa s ,4 three sorts, two of which, made in the usu.l way, were of very good qualiiy, and the third was very inferior. Mr. Caron, gunsmith, of the Passage de l'Opkra ' deposed that he had examined the tubes produced. They v„ e evidently destined fer projectiles. The ends were fmte,.ed up with Roman cement, and a touch-hole was bored in them. Some of the cannon were covered with stout L.cio. cloth, which rendered them more solid, and lessened the dangers of their bursting. They were fit for itume.hat e use. Ile had been charged to makesimilar things, and was astonished to find, from experiments made with them at Vincennea that they were able to support a charge o f 11 grammes (nearly two ounces) of gunpowder, with lb lull without bunting, and to carry it 45 yards. The norm cement resisted yerfectly. M. Chevalier, the chemist, and Captain Dapeloux, of the artillery, gave similar evidence. The tubes, which wire easily made, had tesisted much better than had been expected. With a charge of 6; grammes of gunpowder (a little more than 21 ounces) they burst., but one of 55 grammes scut 2a hails out of 25 into an object at 45 yards distance. The tubes not covered with cloth burst much sooner thin the others. The covering of cannon with cloth W. 4 not a new thing; it had been practised in the middle ages, and was even known in the navy. To know the utility of the cloth, however, a man must have been practically versed in such matter.. Some of the tube, were burst at the end, and they resisted better than the others. Seine of the gun powder was of good quality. Dr. Despreaux stated that he is the proprietor of the house, No. 16, Rue de In ]Leine Blanche. Dorsal and ha wife were the concierges. As, after February, IRK a man named Philippe, who had been his porter, had establislad a sort of club in the house, and had allowed a number of persons who preached the socialist doctrine of the destruc tion of property to remain in it, he, on employing the Duronds, gave them express orders not to allow anybody except the tenants to reside in it, without his espress per mission. Durand seemed to him to be a socialist; he complained to him on several occasions of the scarcity of work, but be did not think him very Milustrious. Durand had once said to him, that what was required em the true republic. lie did not know that Vignier had lived in the house under the name of Antonio. He had been accustomed in his visits to the house to find several strati- Isere in Durand's room, or in the courtyard; one of them was called Antonio, and he, though badly dressed, was of gentlemanly manners. Ile had noticed that the Durand/ had always kept an inner door of their apartment carefully closed ; and it was there, it subsequently turned out, that the preparations for the conspiracy had been made. The prisoners were the persons ho had seen at Durand's. lie particularly recognised Petit and Brasseur. Several witnesses then deposed to Durand's being:accus tomed to receive the visits of a great number of persons-- many of them in the dead of night ; to his having been noted as a violent socialist; and to his having one day caused grass to be spread before his door, ac a signal to his fellow-conspirator not to come, he having, as it appeared, reason to suppose that the police Lad set a watch on the house. It was then shown that the Ras pipes transformed iron cannon, the balls, gunpowder, &c., which were produe,d, had been sAzed in the house in the Rue deli Rein° 1314nche on the 30th June, and that the accused had been arrw.tal there. The interrogatories of the accused occupied a considerable time, but threw no great light on the affair. The accused for the most part only feebly denied the charges against them. Durand admitted having spoken with some vehe mence against the President of the Republic on the 2ad December, and having received letters relative to the con spiracy from Viguier in London. Corbet said that he bad been transported to Belle Isle, and admitted that a receipt for making gunpowder had been found in his loduinas. Carpera dad not attempt to deny that he had purchased the gas-pipes of which the cannon had been made. Farm attempted to show that his political opinions were not so violent as represented, and that his relations with Viguier and with the Duranda were exclusively professional. After speeches from counsel, the tribunal condemned Viguier by default to two years' imprisonment and LOOK. fine ; Durand, sen., to three years imprisonment atld .;00f. fine ; the woman Durand to two years' imprironment and 500 f. fine ; Durand, jun., to fifteen months' imprisonment and 300 f. tine ; Corbet to three years imprisonment and 500 f. fine ; Pat:, to two years' imprisonment and 500 f. fine; Carpesa to two years' imprisonment and 5001. fine; Bras senr to twenty months' imprisonment and 500 f. fine; Machinal to eighteen months imprisonment and 300 f. tine; Pelletier to two years' imprisonment and 500 f. fine; Grade let to fifteen months' imprisonment and 3001. tine; the woman Desmarcs to two years' imprisonment and 500 f. fine ; and Fevre to two years' imprisonment and I,ooof. fine. The accused Corbet was moreover condemned to ten years' surveillance of the police ; Bertht to five years, and all the others to two years. All the accused were, with the excep tion of the two women, likewise interdicted the exercise .1 political rights for two years. The accused on leaving the dock cried " Viva la Republique !" The woman Dcsmar:s was particularly remarked for the energy with which she did so. SLAVERY IN CCBA. (From the 7 rtbunr.) In spite of treaties and prohibitions, the slave trade still flourishes in Cuba, and forms a rich source of in come'for the Spanish officials who share indirectly in its profits. We learn by a private letter from a trustworthy person, that some six weeks since 500 negroes were disem barked at Ortigosa, and that Canedo, the captain general, pocketed 34 dols. per head for conniving at the net. No wonder the Cubans desire to be freed from a government which adds to perfect despotism such corruption as this. The character of slavery in Cuba is in some respects wore than in our own Southern States. Of its main features an intelligent German, who recently visited the island, gives an interesting account. lie uys that slaves there are taken care of about as well as work hones in Europe. Marriage is unknown among them. They are without all relietious or mental instruction. Every year a priest baptizes the whole lot of children born on the plantation, and on Sunday afternoons they are mad* to say an Ave Maria, the Creed, and a rater Koster. They always work with au overseer standing over them with a heavy whip. The lowest over seers are themselves slaves, and have the right to inflict three blows. Tho white overseers have the right to inflict twenty.five blows, a punishment which results in several days' illness. You find no slave who hu cot been punished. and even men of four score are met with who still bate to submit to the scourge. The women are flagged by their husbands, in the presence of the head overseer. At 10 in the morning tho oxen of the plantation are driven under shelter from the heat. But the slaves con tinue to work without interruption through the day. They are also kept late at night. Ou some plantations they are highly favored If they are allowed to sleep two whole nights in a week. The master is not allowed to inflict the punish• meat of death, but in case of great crimes must hand the slave over to the authorities, when ho may renounce his property in the negro, which frees him from responsibility for costs of trial, fled, &s. But this is almost never done. Useless and incorrigible negroes are got rid of " in a more simple way without troubling the authorities." Prostitu tion is universal on the plantations, beginning at the age of 10. But the woman who has a mulatto child is liable to fifty blows of the whip. At nine in the evening all the slaves who are not des tined to night work are shut up by families in stalls, %there they sleep on boards. Each family has a pig to fat, and a little piece of land, which is cultivated on Sunday alter nnont. Every slave receives yearly two snits of linen, a blanket, and a woollen cep. Bread they do not receive, hut have three rati-ns daily of bananas, mangoes, sweet po- Into,s, corn, dried fish, and dried beef, which is imported from Buenos Ayres. The freedom of an unborn child can he bought for 24 dollars, suit fathers often adopt this way of emancipating their children. .lany slaves escape into the mountains; such are exposed to the pursuit of bloodhounds, and aro also betrayed by vultures hovering over their places of re fuge. Many hang themselves, with the idea that atter death they will find themselves, with the same Wits as be fore, at home in Africa. By way of stopping this practice, the owner, has, the remains of the suicides cut to pieces; rather than return to their native country thus mutilated, they prefer to live and suffer in Cuba. Such is the condition of a great portion of the inhabitants of that lovely island. What effect the independence of the island would have upon the " peculiar institution" is a ques tion. There is no doubt, however, that it would stop the introduction of Degrees from abroad. THE NATIONAL GALLERT.—Yesterday,notice Wan i'sued at the National Oallery,Trafalgar-square, that it was closed for the annual vacation until the 25th of October, when it will be re.apenei to the public. The Vernon Col lection at Almlbotough-house, Pall mall, is closed fer the saran time. a a I I 13 d , I( 01 PI tt tl re 111 Ci 1' bi ti is de to to to th in th oe to mi • 1.11 en lt; pa j e pc SC he sp he m SR Of in; th rei OM wl pu 1 to th it Id ab be tic an col Tf no co, ye wl tai tia do enl fr( cli all re; 1- as let we a. Ne SIR SS an , W 3 10 wi, wi, poi fic 2,1 nn lens fro NV in ha in 1111 air toe ten an et sin 4111.1 he for to nu th( ac the fee int ha rs/ he as an he me jae sel hit gr' ere soj th, Cal fof go th( of an La, etc (p 1 be • C Oho th( sh: toe gr, an otl arl Co wi ful de vra P 1 an do inl pe ra, sal ad an do I'; eo te; of $e oil eel all fel fee or of ni pe fee