The Express. — London, England, 1851-10-24 00:00:00

Elie erortisO. TO CORRESPONDENTS. • Sseer• Sack• of " Ifs Laproao" oodasidlag •do seer maires Ganged; Is paillJed nosy Twig as l Prods, abed. la Use Ilar dot ddisitot•reutatandad for "Tad Exproo"Loodes Vended payer, mad be at the irate, to, douork•aroof. of Two Waked an Iho day of pubkatioo. HIOR WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE . Tam DAT —Morr.. eg, I r 1n vi Aftmvanit. 144113. maadmr—Mondsig, 2b. .... Afteraas. MIS*. LONDON, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 24. LORD GREY has, we suspect, by this time dis covered that he from the beginning has wholly mis cionceived the state of affairs at the Cape of Good Hope, and that his polity, consequently, has beta one continued blunder. Hut the old complaint holds • Pod — Dearest rcgei,i.lkettitur achivi. 'fhe gnat ones of 1/owning-street, with the mad rashness of hopeless ignorance, miserably blunder— hot, alas! the unfortunate colonists are the sufferers —and the people of England have to pay the bill. Experience seems of no use to our colonial authori ties; they obstinately run the same dull round of error: to day is but the semblance of yesterday-- and every day is an exhibition of the same invincible opposition to every suggestion of common sense, and common prudence. hum the beginning of our colonial rule down to the present hour the same difficulties have arisen—the same mistakes have been committed—the some tenacious adherence to • went—he would have found that every step taken is advance would have been a firm and safe one. British Lafraria would then not have been made • gisamot government for an arbitrary soldier—bat wend have commenced its career as a colony enti tled to law, and to a settled and regular gems ment. It would have funned part of the system of our South African colonies, whict= in such circumstances gradually extend themselves, and fill all the fertile territories to be found in thoec regions with civilised, id place of savage inhabitants. But this regular, steady, and econothic method of planting colonies finds no favour in Downing street, bemuse it puts aside as useless, if not mischievous, the rod tape mysteries of that notorious precinct. mischievous system has been evinced—and the same disastrous results will be seen to follow. The first and cardinal error of our colonial rule is • habit of mischievous meddling. The colonial minister always, by a strange fatality, believes him self and his subonlinates in I /owning-street to pos eur exclusively all the knowledge and wisdom re quisite for managing the affairs of the colonists. The persons whom he invoriubly believes least capable of suggtsting anything of any weight or worth con cerning matters, are the colonists themselves. The consequent* is, that in his office he decides upon everything. Sometimes, indeed, curious blunders are committed and on ignorance betrayed that a school boy would be ashamed of. Still there is no diminution of confidence, no softening down of the haughty dogmatism which ever pervades official statements, no hesitation in the eternal meddling with whet' the unfortunate colonists are pest( red from the beginning to the end of their lives. They art capes:tell to hear and to obey, and should they at ✓ime unhappy moment forget their dependent condi tion, sod murmur some complaint, language is inad equate to describe the indignation of the minister, or late, conception of the shameless audacity of these miserable complaints. Lord Gent, like his predeeessors, deems himself .11 of infallible wisdom, and would probably a w mon ths h since have pointed to the ('ape Colony as proof of the correctness of his policy, and the happiness of those who have to abide by and live sodur it. Now, however, he would find himself usable to adduce this unfortunate province es an illustration of his exquisite skill in ntling. Ruin and misery are now rife in our possessions m South Africa. 'the fierce Kenji, have out-generalled Sir 11. SMITH, end have di rented our troops: and we are told that " Sir 111ARIll* Swint wishes for more men from England," unlike his gallant namesake of yam No Will, my cos—ni.lo oat one man more. lle wants 10,0110 men—a modest demand, and one, if it be windy, which will arouse the !louse of Com sat:4M to a due sense of the utter ineomp,•tcnce both of Lord Giti:v and his favourite commander. This, be it remembered, is the hero act up as the rivul of the gallant Sir C. NA Seven months fouler, says Sir H. Stain, " I called fur a rise en "fume of the colonists, and that call was not reopened's! to. •Ihe colonists would not stir." This is true. But has it ever warted to Sir 11. SMITH, or to Lord Carr, to ask why the colonist. were thus sullen and apathetic? If they make the inquiry, Lard Cats will receive this reply: "You blew deceived and oppressed us. You promised, when pressed by the eolunists and the House of Commons, to give us the power of self-government. That promise you have broken. You have assumed all power over us ; you have erected, in place of u constitutional government, a despotism of „, Lei w old we were determined, in your Lour of need, to let you and England feel that, without our aid, this colony can not be &remit& This we have done. You— your general—your troops, have failed. Now, then, we are rrady to step forward; hut we demand that whits!' has been so wantonly withheld. viz., the power to menage our own affair.. We insist that our lives and fortnnes shall not be dependent upon the whims and arrogant pretension of the Colonial Secretary, but that we. being Englishmen, have that which is can birthright—that to which our intelligence gives its an unimpeachable title—a constitutional govern ment?' This is languw.,e to which Lord CHET will soon be compelled to listen. The disasters of the present war will excite the Howie of Commons—the enonnons cost will enrage the English people -men of all parties will combine to denounce the weakness and obstinacy which have led to such direful results. Mr. Insit %bit and Mr. Comws will be found voting in the same lobby. Mr. Cilvitsrost, and Mr. Itorin'ek will on this matter agree, although it be one of colonial policy. The fanners and the manufacturers will be ettualiv ready to blame a system which has brought in such a bill—and there will Ice no difficulty in pros ing that the cause of all the mischief was the arrogant and contemptuous proceedings of Lord Onzy himself. Ile was low , warned of the danger: he was told wherein lay the remedy for the mischief. 'llie expe rience of America and of our early colonies there, was placed before him ;Ind to every remonstrence and every suggest it so he turned a deaf cur. Experience he needed not—suggestions were mere impertinence—he could govern the colony better than could the colonists themselves ; and it war should arise, he could con duct the war also. But war, it wits asserted by those who spoke for hint, would not arise. The - Kaffir, were subdued and humbled ; they dreaded the very name of Sir 11. clear Saturn, and the colonists had better confine their attention to their farms and their Socks, and leave the business of government to those no much more capable of conducting it. As if this contemptuous conduit were not enough. he sought, in spite of every remonstrance, to carry out his favourite crotchet, and to force a convict 'copulation upon the colony. We all know the result of that wise experiment. But all its consequences were not at once foreseen. Lord GREY certainly was not prepared for them. Ile did not believe that he would so soon need the aid of the colonists. and therefore laughed at the anger which he had raised, and treated with ineffable scorn the apathy with 11 which any call for aid might be treated. We have now before us a full view of the effects of this con duct. The colony, if not entirely ruined. is in g reat danger ; advance for many years will be prevented; great individual suffering and misery will septet the settlers: and after years of confusion anal misrule, we shall be compelled to do what nt the commence ment we ought to have done. We shall at last give to the colony a constitution. lit that constitution they will be enabled to manage their own affairs. As legislators they will make their own laws—as soldiers they will prove their own defence. They will then become a thriving colony ; and, as customers, be also u benefit to the mother country. The immedate cause of the outbreak that has oc curred, and of the disasters that have followed it, is to be found in tens occupation of British Kattraria. The Kaffir' knew full well that possesdon hr us was destruction to them; they therefore resolved to rebel, and are now, in fact, fighting for their very existence. liar i AltltY SMITH in lialfraria is supreme as gover nor ; he foresaw that, in the colony . which was loudly demanding a constitution, he would soon he subject to the supervision of an msembly. lie therefore clung to thenew acquisition—and in kis eagrrncsa to derk•nd it, exposed the settled colony to the ruin which has fallen upon it. It in place of all this arrogance and blundering, Lord tinEv had, in the first place, ful filled his promise, and given the Cape colony a con- stitution—if he had abstained from extending our settlements until the colonists themscl%cs were ready to co-operate in the work—had he besides allowed the colonists to organise a milit,a force, and employ it in their own defence. at their own expense, and according to the direction of their own govern- , r ~~ THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 24, 1851. FRANCE. PARIS, TIICIEDAT EVENING: To-day the Committee of Permanence held • sit ting, at which all the members were present, except ing M. Dupin, the questor de l'anat, and secretary of the Aseembly, M. Berard. M. Berryer, who made his appearance for the first time, was observed to be engaged long in conversation with General Chan gatuier. The measure of putting the departments of the Cher and Nievre in a state of .siege was ap proved by all the members present, excepting MM. Ivan and Didier, the latter of whom moved that the Ministers of War and the Interior should be ex amined on this subject. General Bedeau remarked that the Assembly alone could judge of the right of of the government to apply the state of siege, and that the ministers would answer for the act from the tribune. M. Didier's motion was rejected by thirty-two votes against two. The complete tranquillity of the metropolis and the suppression of disorders in the departments of the centre having been affirmed, the committee adjourned their next sitting to Monday, reserving the liberty of meeting before, in case a ministry should be formed. The Constilutionnel contains the following state briefs in consequence of the partiality with which' the proceedings were conducted. The Minister of Justice ordered the procureurs-general of the bars to which these advocates belonged to lay complaints against them before the respective Councils of Disci pline. In consequence of this the Council of the Order of Ljons suspended the advocates belonging to that bar for a month ; and the Council of the Order .of Bourges has juspended M. Michel (de I3ourges) for three months. The latter decision went by default, M. Michel (de Ilourges) not having ap peared. Marie Therese, daughter of Louis XVI. and the Duchess of Angouleme, expired at Frohsdorf on the morning of the 19th inst., after a few days' illness, said to have originated in an attack of cold. A few lines, not unpathetic, from an old servant of the elder branch of the Bourbons, Count de Pastoret, lamenting the decease of this princess, inured from her earliest years to the most awful trials of adver sity, are inserted in the Assemblec Nationale. The princess died in her 71IrtTyear. The Jfmiiteur contains an important reform pi o posed by the Minister of War, and approved by the President concerning the organisation of the cavalry. The plan is designed with the object of always hav ing regiments of cavalry ready to march, and general officers to command them, who know them and are known by them. Of the 51 regiments of cavalry in France, nine divisions are formed, two of the north, two of the cast, one of the west, two of the centre, and two of the south (Alps and Pyren(vs). Each of these divisions . is to form nn arrondissement of in- spection, to be inspected several years in succession by the same general officer. The organisation upon each great fraction of the territory of divisions of cavalry ready to be put on a footing of war, provides for the eventuality of the formation of armies on the frontier. The approximation of regiments of the same arm by assigning to them conterminous garri sons, prepares their union in brigades and divisions, and the formation of arronuissements of inspection confided fur several years to the same general officer, paves the way to command for the ease of war. ITALY. PIEDMONT. 7 ,...SEVEN or eight hundred fathers have had their sons launched upon that perilous ocean—uni versity life. The anxious parent is brooding heavily not only over the loss of his son, but the loss of his money, which he has paid to the college autho- rities under the mysterious title "arrears," consisting I of items of " rent" which has never been incurred, I and " tuition " which has never been received. Ills I affections are wounded, and his pockets damaged, I but the gloomiest thought of all is that the present 'is only the beginning of evils, Visions of bills to be settled of escapades to be forgiven, of degradation to be atoned fur, flock in upon the anxious parent's mind. , His son may comeback to him ruined in estate, in body, ' and in soul. He indulges in some natural wishes that the authorities who profit so largely by the peculiarities of the university system would do something for him—would exercise some o. that influence of which they possess so much to check the working of a process which meta morphoses a good son into a reckless, impeni tent, penniless debauchce. " Vain hopes,' he is told, " that this improvement cannot possibly de pend upon those local authorities w ho are made popu • lady chargeable with the !Bulb" Disabuse yourself of the impression that " authorities" ever have any thing to do with preventing those evils which they arc " popular!) " supposed to be invested with power to suppress. Just as the Austrian generals had nothing to do with the flogging of ' Hungarian countesses, or as King BomBA personally is not resrnsible for the murder ous persecution of Neapolitan gentlemen, or as l'iu NUM) has no share in the atrocities com mitted by his satellites, so the " authorities" at I Cambridge and Oxford have nothing to do with the enormities perpetrated by the undergraduates en trusted especially to their charge. Where then, asks the perplexed parent, am 1 to look for relief? Where am I to find even this slightest shadow of a guurantts: for the good conduct el my boy ? Am 1 to believe that the " master " of a college does not govern : that the " tutors" of a college du not teach; that the " dean " of a cullige his authing at all to du with the religion and murals of a student ; that the talk about "college discipline" is a monstrous lie; that they arc nothing, verily and truly, but consum l i - mate shams ? We are told that The contagion at the univerdtits is nothing but what the ' student. them's:lsm in their numbers and their inexperience bring with them to the place of concourse, and it is in the improvement of their own social tune that the remedy must by sought. No discipline or supervision can possibly con trol those who aro impelled by the immediate influences of society in a contrary din etiun ; and it the rigour, indeed, of the attempted superintendence is put in too strong a con trast with prevailing Opinions, it operate., as experience has shown, not only fur nu good but fur positive harm. l'idergrailuates, both in style and presumption, arc " men," nor ran they be treated as boys without egregious (mi., and mictamage to boot. It is J roma Mei, own ittiproriv sense UAW!' thathuhatiiiitial reform, can he anticipated. Ilow consoling this doctrine would appear, ap• plied to cases of a cognate kind! A captain, tor instance, finds adoat nith a muti- noun crew, he determines to bring them to a sense of their duty by employing those strong measures which the law allows. For Heaven's sake, don't do anything of the sort, says sonic friendly adviser, the men are rushing to their own destruction, may per haps cut the throats of their officers. and run the ship ashore, but you'll do no good by meddling; they are " men," and " from their own ioiproring sense alone substantial reforms can be anticipated." Has the reader any difficulty in imagining the kind of an swer a good disciplinarian would make to such a piece of advice as this Nothing is so like this theory of the probable ex tinction of university irregularities as the suggestion made by the ingenious Sir ABEL HANDY with re gard to the extinguishing the conflagration in a house. Where are your hundred-and-ono remedies against fire now, said his tormentors ? Have you no plan to propose ? Have you nothing to suggest? Yes, said the perplexed baronet—" Perhaps the fire may yo ,'d qf dart/;" Perhaps, too, university extravagance, idleness, and debauchery m:iv •• gn out of themselves." Burglars, I also, will doubtless cease to break into our houses, prostitutes to defile our streets, nocturnal drunkards to prevent our taking rest, swindlers to practise on the unwary, when their tons ice/ roriv scow teaches them to reform themselves, In the meantime our property is to be insecure, our children polluted, our rest disturbed, our incautious friends to be cheated with impunity, until the refuse of society meet to getlwr to build up a Utopia! The argument is too weak to need refutation, and could only have been adopted in order to make a mad crusade in favour of any and every atrocity committed by " constituted authorities" all over the world. In direct opposition to this theory we most dis tinctly assert, front a thorough knowledge of uni versity life in all its phases, that the " authorities" have more means in their power for the repression of abuses than are possessed bv anv governing body in England. To any person vilto has lived a university life not hingran apiwar more ridiculously false than the assertion that " the relations between undergraduates and their academical superiors do not invest the latter with any practical authority over the personal habits of the limner." 150 tar is this from being true, that the tutors introduce undergraduates to the tradesmen with whom they wish t deal, they limit the amount of the bill which undergraduates are allowed to run up with the college cook, they " diseommons" (Anglic , , rids) tradesmen who supply undergraduates with forbidden articles, they impose arbitrary rules ' upon the exits and entrances of the undergraduates at the college gates. These and numberless other meaust hey have,andexercise freely.w hen what appears to them a necessity arises. To enforce their decisiens they wield an irresponsible power of tremendous extent. For minor offences against authority, they employ " rustication," or enforced absence from the university—fur greater offences, expulsion. The former punishment delays the period of taking the degree, and thus hinders the sufferer from beginning his career in the world at the expected time, and in theta a severe pecuniary mulct and much distress of mind on his parents. Yhe latter is a complete bar to all future success in lite to him on whom it is in dicted. Every avenue to distinction in the great professions is closed to him for ever. Parents, then, have some grounds for expecting that their children should not be allowed to rush headlong to ruin, with nothing but a possible volun tary reformation in their thoughts and habits to I cheek them. The authorities who dare not say for themselves what their apologists say for them, must be brought to a sense of the duties their position lin , poses upon them, and the English universities must be rescued from the opprobrium of being the only I great institutior.3 of the kind in Europe where the only chance of a moral reform in the conduct of students is " in their own improving sense" of what is right. IsTUMUs or PANANA—ATTIMPTF.D PLUNDER OF THU Astante\N SPRi:ll.—ln crossing the Isthmus of Pa nama, en the 24th of September, the tra;n of mules convey ing the specie, amounting to 2,800,000 d 01.., was attacked by robbers shout six mile. from the town of Panama. The news reaching the town the militia were called out, and succeeded, after some hours, in capturiug two of the rob bers, who proved to be returned Californians. Two of the muleteers accompanying the train hod been killed, and others wounded, while one of the robbers had fallen in return. The treasure, which amounted but to a few thou• sand dollars, was also retaken. It is to be observed that the remittance and treasure Will fur the American steamer, and guarded by arm. d muleteers, on its passage from Panama to Chas/res, while that of the English is unpro tech d : but ow in; to the narrowness of the road, in many places but barely aide enou4h to admit the mule with his burden, an attack is rendered comparatively easy, and the wonder is that it is not oftener attempted. It is impossible to exaggerate the badness of the road, if it may be so called, which in the rainy season is city:able the whole way. Some voyagers had been also attacked the day previously, and robbed of 4,00 dole. Th.. was an attack by natives, and one of the fellows was shot betye be could effect his escape. We have been favoured with these particulars by s passenger, who was crossing the Isthmus on the day of the attack on the American treasure. ment with respect to the ministerial crisis : Several journals, and particularly the Patrie, have an nounced that the negotiations opened with a view to form a cabinet with political men pointed out destined to (teem an important position in it, bad been abandoned, resumed, and afterwards broken off. Other journals have announced that the ministry was composed, and have even published the list of members who would form part of it. We are enabled to state that these reports arc without any foun dation. There lets been up to this time neither negotiation broken off, nor ministerial combination definitively decided on. What is true is, that things are proceeding towards a speedy conclusion, and that the co-operation of moderate and hem men will not be wanting to the President of the Republic, who, in demanding the repeal of the law of May 31, persists, we repeat it, in his policy of conservatism and energetic resistance to disorder, us the decree which he has just signed fully attests. For the second time the Conslitulionnel affirms the President's intention to combine a conservative policy with the proposal to abrogate the law of May. The practical proof which it cites of this intention is the subjection of thej Cher and Nikre to state of siege having been approved by all the members save two of the Committee of Permanence, it appears at least certain that for the compressive halt' (Allis policy the President will find as ready a support as usual from the parliamentary majority. If there were any truth in tho assertions of the Pairir, that tho declaration of Louis Napoleon, on the 14th (kr.,was dictated in great as by jea lousy of the 'rince de Joinville, the remedy against the progress of the candidature of the Orleanist prince seems to have been rat her unfortunately chosen. For during the last week we have heard more about this subject than ever. The wide reach of Louis Napoleon, in holding a strong curb on society with one hand, while he offers universal suffrage with the other, has played the game of the Orleanists both ways. For while the bulk of their adherents desire a rational amount of liberty, they seem greatly op opposed to the relaxation of electoral restrictions, for the excellent reason that the proportion of Orkanist electors disfranchised by the law of May 31 is incon siderable. Two leading Orleanist organs, the /Whitt* and the Ind ,, pentlaner nave, give to-duv some cxpla dations on the attitude of the Prince 'tie Joinville, which have attracted much attention. But while the //dependance talks of a manifesto, the /Kinds disclaims all resort to such means of agitation. If the words attributed to the Prince by the Inelrpro dance are exact, they imply certainly no ineon siderable self-confidence. The version of the Belgian paper is as follows: At the moment of leaving London, one of the most cede bested manufacturers of Paris went to Clermont, to take Nears of the royal family. In the conversation, which was very long, it was said that those who might put themselves forward fur the Prince de Jainville would not be disavowed, but that he would respect the will of France, and strictly observe the law. The following are the words actually used by the prince, and they have au immense political impor lance :—" I wish it to be well understood that in accepting the presiJency I ant nut influenced by any sentiment of per. sonal ambition. I will serve my country with that ardour of the French heart which I am known to possess, and I um happy to learn that good Frenchmen count on me. There is unanimity amongst us to accept what honourable men may propose to UP." 't his declaration will be made officially in a short time. It will certainly cause an immense sensation in France. The Journal des Lands characterises as absurd the rumours which have prevailed during the last two days respecting the proximate publication of a maniliesto by the Prince de Joinville, announcing his candidature for the presidt:tuy ; amid respecting the proclamation by his partisans of his intention to conic forward for the representation of the Seine. The /kbats then adds that the Prince has declared that he placed himself at the disposal of France, and that this plain declaration suffices for him as it ought to suffice for France. That is his only ma nifesto • and to day, less than ever, does Ue fix•l it necessary to add or to change anything with respect to this declaration. ,1t the present moment there is something of more im portance than manifestos and electoral circulars— namely, the reconstitution of the parliamentary mnajonty by the sincere and disinterested combina tion of all the parties and shades which compose it. The Prince de Joinville, like alt his brothers, places this great interest before that of an eventual candi dature, of whatever importance. The public may be sure that he will not complicate a situation already so critical, and that he will never compromise the repose of the country by his personal pretensions. The Prince de Joinvi le may have the ambition of serving France by identifying himself with her wishes, her sentiments, her interests, her future; but he will never disturb her. Such is the ausuer of the bawls, in the name of the Prince de Joinville, to the rumours circulated about his intentions. It may be observed that there is in this answer no disavowal of the candidature of the Prince de Join ville for the Presidency, which, it is affirmed on the best authority, will be very distinctly put. The Orleanist prince is said to have given this assurance to a great French manufacturer who had an inter view with him before quitting England. The words attributed to the prince imply his distinct accept ance of the Presidency, in case it should be offered. Concerning the ministerial crisis the Patrie says : The termination of the ministerial crisis has rather retro graded than advanced during the day. M. Auguste Giraud, summoned by the President of the Republic, and mentioned by some journals as Minister of the Interior, has again le ft l'aris for Angers. M. Ilippotyte Fortoul, who had been also sent for by the President, and spoken of as Minister of Public Instruction, has arrived in Paris; but the combina• lion in which it had been proposed fur M. 11. Fuutoul to enter having failed, his return is of no material importance. A third combination is now talked of, which will consist in forming a nrovisional ministry entirely composed of per sons nut hiving seats in the Assembly, as was adopted pre vious to the formation of tee present cabinet. This ministry would present the message, propose the abrogutiou of the law of ?day 31, and thus give the President of the Republic time to study the feelings of the majority. We publish this last account under every reserve, and without in any way guaranteeing its exactitude. If this idea be realised, General de Bourjolly, who had accepted the portfolio for Foreign Affairs in the combination which hu just failed, will doubtless still receive that portfolio. It is stated that under any circumstances, General de Saint Arnaud will succeed General Handon as Minister of War. M. Augustin Giraud was the leading personage in the combination that has just failed. Ile definitely declined the offer of forming a ministry yesterday at three o'clock. The President is now bent on com posing an entire extra parliamentary cabinet with the sole mission of presenting the proposition for the ahrol,sation of the law of May 31., and taking part iu the debate. The two great parliamentary clubs meet to-night to deliberate on the abrogation of the law of May. A report was in circulation at the Bourse, that M. Dupin had arrived in Paris to solicit that the depart ments of the Cher and the Niece might be placed in a state of siege. This rumour is completely unfounded. The President of the Assembly has not returned to Paris, and is perfectly a stranger to the measure which the government has just taken in the interest of social order. M. Odilon Barrot is at present at Marseilles. The Council of State has terminated the discus sloe of the bill respecting the responsibility of mi nisters and of the President of the Republic, and, on a second reading, has adopted it by a large majority. This discussion having taken place during the crisis, it was impossible to obtain the attendance of any minister however much desired. The Council of State his accordingly dispensed with it. All, manoeuvres in favour of an unconstitutional candi date for the presidency of the republic are declared by this bill a crime against the state, punishable by very severe penalties. It will be remembered that the advocates for the defence in the case of the Lyons plot, which was tried by court , martial in that city, threw up their We read in the Noniteur Parisien :—"A change of ministry is again talked of at Turin. The serious and still pending question between the Holy See and the Piedmontese government more and more embarrasses the present cabinet. The King has de cided to make an titbit to obtain from the Pope the sanction of measures which have been adopted in spite of the Concordat, and for this purpose had fixed on the Marquis Spinola fur the Roman embassy, but it appears that the mission of the noble marquis has been postponed, and that it will be the Chevalier &mutiny who will go to prepare the means of an ar rangement which is anxiously desired by every one." SPAIN. The Goz.rtie, of the 18th inst., publishes a series of regulations for the execution of the law of the lot of August last, relative to the conversion of the debt. The docu:nent tills four pages of the official journal. The following are the clauses specially interesting to the foreign creditors of Spain: Art. 1. According to the law• of the Ist August, the debt of the state is disided into lour classes, viz.:—The Three per C,.nts Consolidated Jkbt, the Three per Cents. Dcferra d Debt, and the Debts smeeptible of being redeemed of the Ist on 1 2nd Class. Chap. X.-Isaue.—Art. ;":0. The present Three per Cents. Consolidated Perpetual I),lit, and that which, in virtue of the existing legislation, must be is•uctl, may be exchanged, at the option of the er..litor,,, for securities to bearer, and ..then to order, according to the 12th dame of the law of the lot August. Art. 41. The series and amount of securities which arc to be issued conformably to the same law, arc the following : Hume and Foreign Three per Cent. Deferred Debt.— Securities of the series A, of 1,000 reds ; of the series 11, of 12,000 reels; of the series C, of 21,000 mats; of the series 1), of 18,000 reels. _ _ Redeemable Debt of the First Clam.—Securities of the series A, of 4,000 real. ; of the series B, of 10,000; of the series C, of 40,000; of theacrics 1), of 80,000. Ilume and Foreign Redrerimble Debt of the Second Class—lltano Debt.—Securities of the series A, of .1,000 reals ; of the *tries 11, of 10,000; of the series C, ul 20,000; of the series 1), of 50,000; of the series E, of 100,000. Foreign Debt—The capital of the Foreign Redeemable Debt Judi be represented in piastres, franca, and pounds sterPng. at the exchanga agr e ed to f ur th e Three per Ccut. Dtkrred Debt, viz.:— Series. A B E riabtfel. 200 400 800 1,200 2,480 4,800 s. .. 42 10 .. .. 170 0 • Lti 0 .. • .510 0 .. • 1,020 0 .. Francs. 1,080 2,160 4,230 6,480 12,960 25,920 . - Art. 52. The new securities of the Three per Cent. Home and Foreign Deterred Debt, regulated according to the model approved of t) the government shall contain 48 coupons, corresponding with the 19 years during which that debt it to preserve the denumiliation of deterred, and when all those coupons thall be exhausted, it *hall be converted into the Three per Cent. Conso.idated Perpetual Debt of Spain. Art. d 3. Negotiable inscriptions to order may be issued, at the option of toe creditors, instead of securities to b earer of the Home and For e ig n Deferredi Debt, before and after the tint issue, and the inscriptions may likewise be con verted into securities. Art. Of. The issue of the inscriptions negotiable or to order of the Home and Foreign Debt, shall take place in Madrid, at the same time that they may be made payable on another point. Chap Xl.--Conversion.—Art. AS. The conversions now affected, conformably to the legislation in vigour before the publication of the law of the Ist August, shall be termi nated in the offices within 1.1 dap, according to the clauses of said regulations. Art. 59. The conversion of the entire Home Debt shall take place at Madrid, and to that e ff ec t th e part i es inte rested shall deposit their respective claims in the special office, established in the general department of the debt, within the delay anal iu the form mentioned in the MUCCI to be published fur that purpo-c. Art. GO. The conversion of the Foreign Debt shall be effected by the financial commissioners of Spain, in Lon don, Paris, and Amsterdam, under the orders of the gene ral direction, according to the form and within the delays mentioned iu the present regulations. The parties inte rested maylikewise forward their claims to Madrid if they desire to exchange them for equivalent securities of the Home Debt. Art. 61. The period of the convenion, and the form in which it is to take place, 61,01 he announced in due course in the official journals of and the provinces, and, u respects the tin eign debt, in the principal journals of London Pans, and Amsterdam. Art. 62. In order to accelerate the operations, and to place the parties iuterested in possession of their securities, within the shortest possible delay, the presentation of the documents to be converted will he acknowledged by three certificate* (n la), one of w hich shall he delivered to the party interested, with the number of his inscription and the signature of the chief of the office charged with the conver sion, to serve as a guarantee. Art. 63. The securities inscribed in the certificates of pre sentation, es well as the other documents and the receipts of the interest of all classes, must bear the following super scription: "To the General Direction of the Public Debt, for Conversion," with the date and the signature of the per son who delivers the certificates, and whose initials must be affixed to the coupons. Chap. Xlll.—Payment of the Interests and Domicile.— Art. 83. The payment of the interests of the securities to bearer of the Consolidated and Deferred Home Debt will take place for the present at Madrid only. Art. N. The payment or the interest of the inscriptions to order will be paid at Madrid and in the capitals of the provinces, as also, fur the priscut, in the cities of London and Pori% according to the residence of the parties. Art. Si. The demand for fixing the place of payment is to be made to the Administration of the Debt with the same formalities as those used in the conversion of the Debt. I Art ' 86. The place of payment being determined and the 'securities issued, notice shall be given respectively to the Commissioners in Leaden and Paris, and to the governors of provinces in which offices for registering the inscriptions I shall be established. I Att. 87. The payment of the interest on the inscriptions I made payable to order will be made in London and Paris by means of bills of exchange drawn on the offices of the directors of the debt. The interest is to be paid in the pro vinces by the treasurers. Art. 88. An account will he kept in the offices established in London and l'aris, and in the provinces, of all the pay ' meats made, and such payments are to be stamped on the inscriptions. Art. 89. The presidents of the commissions and the ac : countants in the provinces will make returns, the first of the bills of exchange drawn by them to pay the inscrip tions, and the second of the payments amide by them, in order that the amount may be entered on the books of the commissioners of the debt. The 14th chapter treats of the tale of the property in tended for the sinking (mid in articles 914,92nd, 93rd, 91th, 9Oth, 97th, and 98th. It is declared that the Directors General of the Debt, to whom belong all that refers to the sale of the property and rights of the State, will prepare the sale of those properties, which is to take place both at Madrid and at the chief town of each province, under the inspection of the tribunals of the eaperior court, with all the formalities established by the existing laws fur the sale of other descrip tions of national property. The public officer will declare his opinion as to the legality of the operation, which shall be referred to the apprabatim of the Junta. The rule, and re gulations from which the foregoing articles are extracted are LISBON, Ocr. 19. Since my last communication intelligence has been constantly . reaching Lisbon from all parts of the country declaring the extreme daring of civil governors and other government authorities in using every possible and open means to serve the cause of theCahrals through the medium of the elections. This has a tendency to bring new calamities on the coun try, for I am quite persuaded the people will never succumb to a Cabralite yoke; and if the Duke of Saldanha does not find a remedy in time for the manifest perversion of authority by those who either are Cabralites ur in their interest, he will find such perplexity brought upon his government that he will scarcely be able to extricate himself from the diffi culty. It is the especial office of the Minister of the Interior to watch over and direct the conduct of the authorities in question ' • even making them re sponsible for their subordinates. This minister, however, at the eleventh hour, sends out of his bureau a secret circular, not desiring the civil governors to observe a strict impar tiality, but calling upon them to throw exalted parties, whom he calls " factions," overboard, as they are destroyers, persecutors and exclusive, and secure a true representation. Here then the Minister of the Interior has thrown down the glove at two parties,the Cabralites and the Septembristas, lament ably forgetting that it is to the latter party the go vernment owes all its support and all its strength, and which, if suddenly withdrawn, it could not stand one hour; but he proposes to himself to counteract the certain hostility of one party and the possible hostility of the other by forming one of his own, one which shall possess all the qualifications of setting each at defiance and supplanting both. This party may Weaned ujuste milieu, which Senhor Rodrigo Magalhaes represents in his own person, and which, beyond the precincts of his own brain, no where else exists in Portugal. This minister, ;hen, has committed an error which may be more fatal to the peace of the country than the threatened rising, for which two different dates have already been given, and we have yet to arrive at during the present month. As the matter in question is paramount, I must, however, inform your readers that when Sal danha with his lust colleagues could not go on, because they were shaken by a slight shock, that of the bare threat of a general officer doubtfully supported, the ministry was re-formed of Franzini, rigidly honourable ; Jervis, the repre sentative of the Septembristaa; Fontes l'ereira de Mello; and Magalhaes. Franzini being too slow a coach, resigned ; Ferran was brought in, and again forced out, leaving Suldanha and the other three. Magalhnes was the representative of intelligence, ability, moderation, and skill; but Saldanha was the life and soul, while the other three were but the members of the body ; Rodrigo do Fonseca Magni haes, however, harbouring ambition which he skilfully concealed, although his selfishness was proverbial. His ambition, then, has been to sit in the chair of the Count de Thomar, conceiving that his Utopianism would be able to support hint in it until he formed a party—for it cannot be concealed that he was sus pected by all, and trusted by none; yet Saldanha received him, because his moderation was a kind of guarantee that no severe or exalted measures would be adopted ; it is, however, not his, but Saldanha's name that cements the fabric, and keeps the army in such a tone that rebellion is checked. But Rodrigo, without any consideration of how the elements of discord are kept at bay, first began to try his power in opposing the entrance of Ferrero i n t o th e cabinet; although not successful, the cause of the exit of that minister furnished him with fresh strength; and,there fore, when the re-entranee of Ferrao into the cabinet was again debated, Rodrigo having gained over Jervis and Fontes de Mello, and they having op posed it in the cabinet, he came in at their }teas with his veto, to which Saldanha bowed. Thus the question of Ferrite's entrance into the cabinet is finally and negatively settled. This gentle but unerring progress has inspired him, and by making Ferrao a deadly enemy of the ministry, disgusting the Sep tenibristas, and, consequently, giving courage to the Cabralites, he creates such a chaos that Saldanha will not know to whom to look for sup port ; for each act of hostility to the Septem bristas is a positive support to the Cabralites. The court, too, playing a doubtful if not decided game, may conic to the aid of Rodrigo ; not for the purpose of supporting him in the intrigue, but to make hint a tool. This then is the prospect beheld at this hour; to counteract which it almost seems necessary that Saldatilia should lop off one of his members to preserve the entire body from dissolution ; unless a friendly voice should whisper into a certain ear, " risk not a change of policy till the meeting of the Cortes." The following is the objectionable circular: Sir,—l'erfectly certain that you are acquainted with the political st.te of the country, and how much it behoves you to be vigilant, that the factious, whatever colour they raise, may not obtain predominance in the approaching electoral conflict, I am convinced that you will exert every effort within the compass of your duty, without compromising the authority you exercise, with the most influential and upright peraans in your locality, in order to secure a perfect election. That will lie perfect in its effects which is not the offspring of the spirit of ambition, and of the seta of the exalted factions. Of thew, one pretends to carry us far beyond the limits prescribed by the fundamental code of the monarchy, destroying it, and establishing in its place a visionary (impossible) system, the trial of which in other ' countries has been so fatal to the people ; the other, at tempt. under the appearance of a sacramental respect to the same code, to rc•establish a government of deception and tyranny, a perfect mockery of constitutional principles, that same rule which has so often become odious to the country, and armed citizens against citizens, placing in dan ger what must he most sacred to a faithful nation, loving its monarch and its native institutions. To at oid these ex tremes ought to he the duty of all upright citizens, of all worthy of the Portuguese name, and who prize as much the independence us the liberty of the country, because the country wilt lie in imminent danger of fulling into the hands of one or the other of these destroying factions. You know that only justice and respect to the law—equal justice—tolerance, and conciliatory acts, can maintain in ternal peace ; but those factions are naturally exclusive and persecutinz. And you also know that if the principles of anarchy and the destruction of the institutions of the fundamental law were to triumph, we should have given them the pretexts they long for, under the colour of pro tection and aid, when we shall receive the taw of foreigners, always hard, while shameful. In this case we shall have one only bulwark against so many enemies—the constitu tional charter. Whatever alteration the Cortes may desire to make in it, will only take place in the very few articles which require modification. It belongs to the government to propose it with indispensable temperance and delicacy. to order that you thus proceed, and that the end may cor respond with the intention of the government, it is indis pensable that the great majority of the deputies of the nation be prudent, sensible, liberal in the true sense of the word, and have the necessary discernment to appreciate our situation. I shall not prescribe to you the means which you ought to adopt to insure the end which is so much to be desired ; your pru dence will suggest them to you. But what I shall imme diately recommend to you is, a careful investigation of the persons in your district, who are the most remarkable for their sensibility, and conciliating in their disposition to exercise the duty of deputies, noting tho s e w h o will lave the greatest probability of gaining the election, and point ing out the means to facilitate the election of each, or in dicate the obstacles that there may be to his triumph at the poll (unto). The government will consider the latter a most important service, which will greatly aid the lawful exertions which you and the good and judicious citizens must certainly employ in order to obtain the result which we all desire.—l have the honour to be, &c., (Signed) RODRIGO OA FONSECA MAOALIIAENS. Sept. 10, 1841. To the Civil Governor of —. With respect to the elections, the general opinion seems to decide in favour of the Scptembristas, which must drive the Minister of the Interior out of the cabinet, unless the intrigue now in course be pre viously consummated : then the whole fabric tumbles down, and will require the most skilful hand to re construct it. The government has ordered pay for the month of September, 1851, to twenty-seven departments, which concludes that month's payment. The agriculture of this country promises well under the fostering and vigilant care of Ayres de Si and his coadjutors. He is indefatigable in his en deavours to introduce the growth of tea and many other articles indigenous to an Indian and African climate and soil, as well as beet and other roots, the natives of colder regions. Ex., 5:11- to 1; discount of Lisbon Bank Notes, 2 per cent. Despatches were receivod yesterday at the Colonial-office from the Governor of South Australia. Despatches were also received from the Governors of 110113 Kong, Ceylon, Malta, and the Mauritius. PARIS, O. 23. For Fa Meoust. Mousey. ,Opeelag illlrlsest.i Lowem.. Closing I 3 per Ceuta. S per (Mats ..... 133 911 MO 79 3 per 0r5ite.13473 Len' ... 4 uer Ceuta. I et per 01111131 . 1 1 ... . .. ElCaLlire on [Anton: u telght, 23 27i ; 30 doe, 2310. BelgiaM 5, ISM 110. 5, 1312 Do. 4e ..... DO. 4.. ... . ... ... Treso.ury 11.1015 Piedmont 3 p..a..... I 79 45 ... Limit Shure. SS 91 / 95 9) §9M I to SS A 1 1 SS SS OS SS I SO SS PAILIe, Ocr. 23.—Versailles (left bank), 210; Paris and atlas, 832 5.4 tens and Mown, 556 ..5; Manville' and Avignon, 2112;; Strasbourg a nd Bale, 140 23 ; Canoe, 421 25; Bou logne and Amien., 256 2S; !),leans and lionlcaux, 381 25; 51nrtnetn. 456 23 ; Pariv and . trdabourg, a 5. ,; Town! and Naiad% 237 20; lianas and Havre, 207 SO. MADRID, OCT. lA.—Three per Cents., 361; after Bolsa, 361. Four per Cents., 147, ; after Bolsa, Five per Cents., 131 ; after Bolsrt, 1111. Coupons, 8; after Bolas, Ac. l'assives, 5 10-I6; after llolsa, 5 13-16. Bank of St. Ferdinand, 100. Exchange on London, 50.73. [By E!edric Teerraph.] VIENNA, Ocr. 23.—Five per Cent. Mkalliques, 921. Exchange on London, 12.14 ; on Paris, 1451. BERLIN, Orr. 23. Voluntary Loan, 103; National Debt, 841 ; Exchange on London, 6.221 ; ditto Hamburg, 150;; ditto Petersburg, 105!; ditto Vienna, h2l. HAMBURG, OCT. 23.—Three per Cents. Inte rior, 33. Russian Four-and-a-Halt' per Cents., 961. FRANKroter, Ocr. 23.—Five per Cent. 741. Three per Cent. Interior, —. Exchange on London, 1191; on Vienna, 971. ANTWERP, Ocr. 23.—Five per Cent. likalliques, 751. Five per Cent. Ardoins, 11. Three per Cent. Inland, 35 ;. ltussian Four-and-a-Half per I Cents., —. Exchange on London, 25.39. BRUSSELS, OCT. 23.—Belgian Five per Cents., 97,Z. Ditto Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 94). Ditto, Two and-a-Half per Cents., 50. Exchange on London, 25.39. AMSTERDAM, OCT. 22.—Five per Cent. Maul liques, 711. Five per Cent. Ardoins, 11; ; Three prr Cents. Interior, 3,1 1-16. Russian Four-and-a- Half per Cents., 991. Two-and-a-Half per Cent. Inte grals, 571. Exchange on London, 11.90. SPANISII ARMADA.—The following curious sta tistic has appeared in the Spanish paper purporting to coma from Ferrol (perhaps front some archives there.) Return of the Armada, called Invincible, with which Philip 11. of Spain attempted to invade England : Ships of the division of Portugal 12 431 guns From Biscay „ Guipuseoa „ Castile „ Andalusia „ Let ante lO 324 „ rens 23 480 „ Galleysand small vessels Total 132 3,232 It is much to be regrettel the flamber of men it not given. dated at the Palace, the 17th of October, IR S I, and signed by the Queen, and countersigned by M. Bravo Murillo, Minister of Finance. PORTUGAL. GERMANY. BERLIN, Our. 21. In the cabinet council held on the 19th, a change in the election law for the second chamber was the subject under discussion. The Austrian party in tho ministry were urgent in recommending (fpr o p, o f this question a conformity, as much as possible, in the constitution of the two great German powers. The same party encountering but very eq u i voca l objections from Messrs. Man teuffel and Westplialen, insisted much on the permanent re-establishment of the provincial diets, and upon a rigorous system of centralization throughout the whole kingdom of Prussia. The mind of the king and of his leading councillors on these and other like points is at present certainly not made up. The determination will depend on circumstances and events apparently nigh at hand : on the temper and character the chamber may exhibit, but chiefly on the turn affairs may take in France. The will of the government is decidedly retrogressive; that has been fully de . nonstrated; yet there is a fear, not of becoming too a rbitrary, but of becoming too Austrian and too Russian—for even the ministry instinctively- feel that Prussia must compromise her place in Germany should she entirely identify her principles with those of the two great autocratic courts. She—that is, the ruling party— would like a distinction without a difference, if that would avail; or would, at most, have the difference confined to mere material interests, based simply on the commercial advantages the Zollverein (especially since Hanover has prospectively entered it) secures to North Germany. Further than this there is nothing liberal or progressive in the views either of king or cabinet ; and their purposes have no positive distinct ness, being in suspense. 'With all Germany, the ministry arc looking anxiously to France and to the year 1852 for the final solution of questions which keep all continental governments in a good measure ut present at bay. It may be owing to this principally that there is just now such an entire dearth of news. All decisive measures seem to be postponed, and till the Prussian chambers meet it is probable my correspondence may be soak:- what meagre of interest. Tho trial of many judges implicated in the Ilesse Cassel revolution as It has been called, has been pending for nearly a year; and it is satisfactory to announce that the members of the Gotenburg law tribunals, who were charged with resistance to Ilassenpflug's ordinance, have been acquitted by the general auditory."' The law courts of Germany have given manifold evidence lately of their uprightness. Every government prosecution of the press in l'russia has been defeatt4 by juries, who have always returned a verdict of acquittal : and now we see that in Ilesse Cassel when Ilassenpflug is most anxious to make exam ples, a similar result has followed from appealing to the ordinary tribunals. Many sentences even of the Military Court of the Band at Hesse Camel, have: been reversed by " the general auditory." The ac quittals I now mention are the more remarkable, as it was expected, from the high esteem in which many of the accused (especially the Privy Councillor Schotten) were universally held, that the Elector would not suffer them to be brought to trial, but would at once extend to them his pardon. His not having done so proves that he desired their con viction. In the commercial treat• Russia is now negotiating with Sardinia, there is a secret article, it is said, whereby Sardinia plislges herself to take measm,..s of security against any propagandism of revolutionary principles from France, and engages in the case of a war between the German cowers and the French re public to observe the strictest neutrality. A note from Austria to the cabinet of Turin makes the same demands on that government. The Post congress now sitting at Berlin has brought its labours near to a close. German States not belonging to the Zollverein are now to be in cluded in the I'ost•crein; France is also, there is no doubt, at present to be admitted into it, whereby it will embrace the greater part of continental Europe, to the great advantage of commerce, and to the great convenience of the public of many nations. The particular provisions of this Postverein are not yet ILLIOWII. DENMARK. Touching the new ministry in Denmark, the Kreuz-Zeitang observes that the Conservative Mi nisters, Mottke, Raedtz, and Fibiger, has given place to democratic successors—that Blum was for merly a eustom-house officer at the Sound, and that the two other ministers aro quite fresh names —quite unknown. The new modified ministry are united with respect to the Schleswig-Hol stein question, adopt the European view of the succession question, but with reference to Holstein must be governed by circumstances beyond their control. The Preussische %Many maintains that these ministerial changes betoken no concession to the Eider Dune, or national party--that no change of principle has taken place, but that the policy which occasioned the dissolution of the November, and the formation of the July ministry is still main tained. Nevertheless it is evident that tho liberal party have gained a victory; and from Blum, whom the Kretetz Zestuny calls the custom house officer, but who held the PortMlio of Com merce in 18-18, and General Flcnsbourg, there seems to be not many steps to Count Knuth, Cola, Lehman, and Moncad. LATEST FOREIGN EXCHANGES.