The Express. — London, England, 1853-09-19 00:00:00

Zia ervrel3o. TO CORILF.VONDENTS. ...,...- issold :Ms "Ti. Vs:we.," egustausg Use game eg•ging's tg 'Abbasid entry Tuesday sal Friday west, 111 t:ISO ter pit. 01111•1111 , 111 . le 'Loaded fat " Tho Eams," Landow Efesing mot ot lb* lack 111,, Ilwavoriowtrew, by Two o'clock wit LIN day of pobliwkilua. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAv—M, me(, 31. 1: Afters...lN sh. Twasurios—alormag. 31. Afterse." 11. Oa. LONDON, MONDAr SEPTEMBER 19. THE Government very properly have lost no time in exercising the powers entrusted to them by the Legislature to prevent the spread of Cholera. The last Gazele contains an Order in Council, putting in force the provisions of the Act of the 11th and 12th of her MAJESTY, for " tho removal of certain nuisances and the prevention of con tagious and epidemic diseases." The order is to continue in operation for six months; and it is to be hoped that the l'ress and the public generally will not be slack to spur up those upon whom its execu tion deve,ves, should they show any symptoms of laziness or incapacity. The condition of tho dwellings of the poorer classes is one of the very first points to which atten tion ought to be directed. Au intelligent medical correspondent, whose letter we published a few days ago, assigns, as a ground of hope that the pre. sent will prove less fatal than former visitations of Cholera, his belief that the poorer classes are now better fed, clothed, and lodged than they used to be, and therefore have more stamina to resist the attacks of disease. We concur with him in the belief that their diet and clothing are improved, thanks to the progress of Free Trade. A return to the House of Commons, just published, shows that in (l 6 Unions of England and Wales the number of able•bodied adults in receipt of relief on the Ist of July, 1853, was less by 17,18'J than the number on the corre sponding day of 1852. This single fact speaks vo lumes for the improved and improving condition of the poorer classes throughout the kingdom, But we dissent from the opinion of our corre spondent that the poorer classes are now better lodged than they used to be. Throughout England and Wales they are at present worse lodged than they ever have been, and the deterioration in their house accommodation has been greater in the metro polis than in any other part of the kingdom. It appears, from the returns of the last Census, that in 1841 there were throughout England and Wales 34 persons to every 10 inhabited houses, and that in 1851 there were 33 per sons to every 10 inhabited houses. We learn from the same source, that in 1811 there were 185 inhabited houses to every 1,000 of the population, and in 1831 only 183. The case of the London Division is still stronger. In 1811, there were 74 persons to every 10 inhabited houses; in 1831 there were 77; in 1841 there were 133 inhabited houses to every 1,0(10 inhabitants, and in 1831 only 130. Of this decrease in house accommodation (proporionally to the number of inhabitants), and of increased crowding of dwellings, the whole falls upon the poorer classes. The building of houses for the upper and middle classes has been going on in the metropolis at a rate with which the aegoaenting population can barely keep pace. On the contrary, many houses formerly occupied by the poorer daises have been pulled down, and none built to replace them. New Oxford-street and the surrounding improve meats have eradicated the old St. Giles's Rookery 1 root and branch ; the opening of the new street in Westminster has in like manner sent an immense number of homeless poor in search of roofs to cover them ; Saffron hill and its vicinity have suffered the same fate. These expatriated denizens of murky and fetid courts and lanes have been obliged to be take themselves to distri2ts and dwellings in every other respect as unsavoury as their old ones, and which, moreover,were already peopled to overflowing before the new colonists were squeezed into them. Nor is this aIL In a collection of papers received by the Board of Health, and published by order of the House of Commons, "exhibiting the operation of the Common Lodging Houses Act," we find Mr. EDWIN S. RICKMAN writing on the 18th of January, 1833: "It is impossible to enter one of the regis tered houses without being struck with the manifest improvement effected in their condition; the strict and salutary limitation of numbers in the occupants, &c." It is good that these resorts of the wandering poor should be thus improved, inasmuch as the chances of the spread of contagious disease are thus diminished. But though the num bers of occupants of these houses are diminished, the numbers of applicants for admission are not diminished. What has become of the rejected ? They have been thrown back upon the private dwellings, the overcrowded condition of which had already been aggravated by the demolition of whole districts of the metropolis formerly inhabited by the poor. _ The inadequacy of the Common Lodging Houses Act to improve the dwelling houses of an immense majority of the poorer classes is indicated in more than one of the papers to which we have been refer ring. Mr. SQUIRE, surgeon to the Marylebone work house and infirmary writes on the 26th of April last : " Could its operation be farther extended to the lower class of dwelling-houses, many serious evils may be remedied." But, as " limitation of the number of occupants" in each house would be one of the results, where are those who would in conse quence of such an extension of the act be turned out to find houses. &bides, the Common Lodging Houses Act leaves untouched many of the most deadly sources of disease. Mr. RENDLE, surgeon to the St. George the-Martyr District (where HICICIE died eight days ago of Asiatic cholera), says on the 19th of last April : " How far these regulations (of the Aet) will continue to succeed, time only will declare. 1 have a very strong opinion that the deficiency of water and its bad quality, the presence of the festering dung-heaps, bad drainage, and very bad forms of houses as well as their localities, may, after all, cause these dreadful but preventible diseases to come again, as they have done, like pestilence, de stroying the poor, and spreading to the richer classes." And on the 29th of the same month, Mr. BABBAGE, medical officer of the same district, after stating his opinion that the spread of infectious or contagious diseases has been much diminished and checked by the Act, adds : " I regret much that the police have not the power to order the removal of nuisances, and compel the owners of filthy and ruined houses to cleanse, and properly repair the same, and to supply the crowded alleys and coarts of Kent street and thu Borough with a sufficiency of pure and wholesome water ; I am sure it would be a great boon to the inhabitants, and the means of preventing much disease among the poor." The fact that nothing (or next to nothing) has been done to cleanse, drain, and supply with good water, the districts inhabited by the poor—and that the rooting out of whole districts of dwellings occupied by the poor, without even asking where their inmates were to find refuge, has increased the overcrowding of these spalid courts, lanes, and alleys, is a reproach b the zactropolis. We Lave been opening up stately streets, erecting splendid (if not tasteful) public edi fices fur the accommodation of the wealthy and the amusement (it may be) of al:, and for the admiration of strangers ; but we have taken little care how the poor are housed. la so far as " metropolitan improvements" arc concerned, we have literally been whitening the outside of a great sepulchre which we bare left full of festering human rottenness. The lack of charity herein displayed is not greater than the folly, for all these wretched receptacles of disease which lie dove tailed among our splendid districts—as certainly as valleys lie between aceliviies in a mountain region— are so many sources where pestilence is from time to time engendered and disseminated among wealthier neighbours. We have nothing to say against new Legislative Palaces or National Galleries—nothing against stately and picturesque streets; but while we care for these things, let us not neglect the weightier mat ters of the law. To build palaces, and open magnifi cent thoroughfares, while the poor are squeezed into narrower limits, and the whole city denied good thorough drainage and water supply, is like a tawdry drab, trying to cover torn and soiled under-garments with a silken gown. The truly magnificent city is not that which, like old Rome, is built over a substantial and sufficient Cloaca maxima. Let us begin our im provements at the foundation; let us care for the sanitary condition of all classes. As yet our amateur philanthropists have made only trifling and timid experiments in this vast field ; while official quackery and jobbing have done little more than throw discredit on the good work. THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 19, 1853. fled form. They even offer their support to the Sultan, in case of need, not against the Russians, it is true, but spinet his own subjects, should his adhesion to the s ienna note provoke troubles in the Ottoman empire." The Oest. Deutsche Post remarks that an untavourable reply from Russia would not for the moment be attended with such danger as would have been the case some few mouths since. The menacing straw fire which burned on the banks of the Thames and the Seine is extinguished, and the Turkish cause is abandoned. Should Turkey remain obstinate, a war must inevitably ensue, and should the Russian arms triumph, as the probability is they would, the Oriental question would be more complicated than ever. The cabinet' certainly have not lost sight of this fact, and therefore the negotiations will not be broken off even if Russia should reject the Turkish negotiations. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. The Culo9ne Gazette states that the forthcoming Russian memorandum announces the Czar's intention to maintain his position in tho Principalities and await the course of events. A Transylvanian newspaper—the Cronstadt Zei tuny—alleging the authority of letters from Galets and Itrailow, states that the corps trarnufc of General Luders, which when last heard of was advancing on the left bank of the Danube, had crossed that river. The Zeituny speaks of this as a confirmation of pre viously received intelligence. It is, however, most likely a mistake. News of a character so important would not in any case be left to the slow vehicle of a provincial newspaper, but would have been transmitted to Vienna by the telegraph from Lemberg or Semlin. The same may be said of its statement that Reschid Pacha had " fallen a victim to his pacific policy," unless, indeed, this be a mere figure of rhetoric, intended to signify the unpopu larity into which the minister had fallen. The Leonides arrived at Marseilles on Friday with letters from Constantinople of Sept. 5. Ao- cording ton private telegraphic despatch, she brings intelligence that the Minister of Finance had been authorised to raise a loan of 48,000,000 francs, but the despatch does not say whether it was contem plated to raise the money abroad or at home. The Ottoman population arc described as being in a state of extreme excitement, and violent placards fre quently appeared in the streets. A letter from Constantinople of the 3rd, states that on the 2nd several companies of Greek sailors from the Sporades, forming the second port of the extraordinary contingent for the year, had joined the Turkish squadron. All these men are subjects of the Porte, and appeared to be animated with the best feelings towards the Sultan. They arc con sidered excellent sailors. The squadron had been exercising under sail for several days past. The officers and crews manifested the greatest ardour. Our own correspondent writes from Vienna, on Sept. 13, as fellows: " In anticipation of the approaching visit of the Czar, the French and English ambassadors here look with almost nervous anxiety for every courier expected from Constantinople. Should not the ministers of the four powers accredited to the Sultan know too well the character of the Czar to have entertained any hope that he would accept the note offered by Reschid Fische, and two of them at any rate have employed the time which has elapsed since the 18th ultimo in seeking to overcome the unwil lingness of the Czar to accept the Vienna draught. Unfortunately, they can advance no larguments now that were not tried, and unsuccess fully, before the Divan voted the note inadmissible, hence the expectations of the members of the Vienna conference are of the humblest character, and to all l appearance the two Emperors will meet to devise a solution which had better in the interest of Europe come from any hands but theirs. Here people believe, rightly or wrongly, that the Turkish ques tion is virtually remitted entirely to them. We heard much while your parliament was sitting of the entire and complete accord existing between the Austrian and English governments on the subj&t of the Russian [aggression. In a few days you will see what that fond belief was worth. If Lord Aberdeen really supposed that Francis Joseph would oppose Nicholas when it came to a pinch, he ought never to meddle with Lis country's foreign attars again. The Czar was in earnest from the first, and knew he was sure of Austria whenever he wanted her. He is now coming because it is time to make yet bolder moves than he has hitherto done, and we look for his complete success Our Constantinople correspondent, after noticing the activity which still animates all the military and naval departments of the Ottoman service, says : "Advice. from Varna state that an English general had also passed through that town, on his way to the camp, sad had had, previous to his departure, several conferences with the civil and military authorities. It is to be hoped we shall have other military amateurs in case of war, which I much fear, in consequence of the present wavering feeling of the allied powers. They could not possibly have devised means more fatal to the interests of all na tions than by manifesting coldness and indifference to the injured, and obsequious homage to the impe rial aggressor. " An American officer and English engineer have started for the camp, which has been reinforced also by 20,000 Albanians. The total amount of the Turkish army at present is about 259,000, the half of which is stationed on the Danube, between Vid din and Silistria, under the command of Ismail, Mustapha, Massa, and Suliman Penhas." Our Malta correspondent writes under date Malta, Sept. 11:—" Some days since her Majesty's ship Ardent returned from the fleet. A nasty lingering fever continues, but it is not serious, merely con fining theta whom it attacks, without proving fatal. An angry feeling against the English is getting up among the Turks, who are very enthusiastic for war. In the mosques and bazaars they openly talk of the Sultan losing his throne if he agrees to the ultima tum. In fact, they are war mad. 13th, at 10 p.m., her Majesty's ship Ardent left with the mails of the 4th and Bth from London, and provisions for the fleet. The admiral superintendent here is advertising for tenders for the conveyance of stores and provi sions to the fleet. There is nothing to send to the lonian Islands. Passengers and freights are detained here, or have to go by French steamers via Athens. The French steamer arriving here on the 21st brought many families from Constantinople, who are becoming afraid of remaining there.' The Journal de Constantinople mentions an inci dent illustrating the industry of the Czar's agents in increasing their master's ascendancy in Turkey by means of the priesthood. The Russian consul, who was removed from Adrianople to Belgrade, two or three months ago, called on the Greek Bishop at Philipopel, and reproached him for not having pro perly explained to his Bulgarian flock what the Emperor of ltussia was doing for them. The bishop was of opinion that a ltussiau had uo right to give either instructions or advice to a Greek bishop who was a Turkish subject, and declined his interference. The journals notoriously most devoted to Austria and Russia express the most lively hopes of the Czar's approaching triumph as a result of the aban donment of Turkey by England and France. 'I lie Independance, of Brussels, adopts the belief that the forces sent to Bella Bay will be offered to coerce the Turks who resist the Czar's demands. After notic ing the danger of a war arising from the popular fermentation in Turkey, the Indepesidsnce says:— " But amid all these contingencies we see diplomacy exciting itself more strenuously than ever to prevent an armed conflict. The mediating powers are re solved to employ all their influence to induce the Divan to adhere to the Vienna propositions in their unzoodi- FRANCE. PARIS, SUNDAY Eraxixo. The Decixtte gives the following version of the in structions lately sent to Constantinople from the English cabinet. From the very confident way in which this intelligence is given by a journal remark able for habitual caution, it is to be supposed that the news must be true. The Debate says; The English ambassador at Constantinople is instructed to demand from the Turkish government the retroctation of the modifications which it proposed on the 19th of August, and its adhesion, " pure et simple," to the draft note already accepted by the Emperor of Russia. He is to represent to the Porte that the question his now become ene of peace or war. He will insist strongly upon the dangers of war, and will declare that if Turkey, dis daining the councils of her allies, shall resolve upon war, it will be at her own risk and peril, since she must no longer reckon upon the support of Europe. These considerations will doubtless induce the Porte to give way,which it may still honourably do without injury to itself. If, as it seems to be thought in London, the government of the Sultan listens to the counsels of his allies, any insurrection which may break out in Constantinople, or any coup de tete of Omer Pacba, will be easily got tinder. The French and English squadrons would speedily put a stop to any emeute, for in such an event they would enter the Dardanelles to defend the life, crown, and authority of the Sultan against insurgents of all nations, Idussulmen, Chris tians, or renegades. As to any enterprise which might be undertaken by Omer Puha without authority, the Emperor Nicholas would have no difficulty in admitting that it would not be just to hold the Turkish government responsible for it, since that government itself would, on the hypothesis, be compelled to defend itself against the violence of the party whose designs Omer Pacha would have served. On these grounds we do not believe there will be any war. Doubtless it would be a strange solution of the Eastern question, if it should be brought about by the intervention of the French and English squadrons entering the Dardanelles, not to protect Constantinople against Illusion invasion, but to defend the Sultan against, an insurrection at Constantinople, and to preserve his liberty and independence of action. This spec tacle would astonish the world. But on reflection it would be admitted that the squadrons, after all, had net departed from the true object of their mission, which was to secure the peace of Europe. The means would indeed be different, but the essential result the same. The Debate further says that the instructions above alluded to were sent to Constantinople by Mr. Reeves, one of the secretaries to the cabinet. These instruc tions, which the Debate says are most pressing and most categorical, were agreed to unanimously at a council, at which Lords Aberdeen, Clarendon, John Russell, and Palmerston were present. Mr. Reeves passed through Paris on the 14th, and communicated the instructions of which he was the bearer to the French cabinet. It does not appear, from the statement of the Daaes, how far the French government is pledged to follow the lice of policy above indicated; but it would seem, from the following passage in an article of the Pays, that, while determined to use every effort to preserve peace, it reserves to itself pert( ct freedom of action in case hostilities between Russia and Turkey should actually commence: The time has not yet come for considering what part Europe would take in case a collision between Russia and Turkey should become inevitable. If in spite of the numeous interests opposed to it such a collision should take place, the European Powers which are united in the directional the negotiations must necessarily adopt a line of conduct which, while enabling them to influence events, would per mit them not to engage themselves further in the affair than their common interests require. Whatever happens, we repeat,;the integrity of the Ottoman empire must be maintained. This essential guarantee of the equilibrium of the world must not disappear in a tempest on the Slack Sta. Turkey must not perish. Europe, while granting to Russia what is reasonable, will never allow her to dictate anything inconsistent with the rights of an independent sovereign recognised by treaties, or with the true condi tions of her own polftical existence. The doubts which I expressed yesterday as to the reported arrival of Prince Menchikoff at Vienna were well founded. Tho Gazette de Cologne, arrived to-day, corrects the assertion contained in its pre vious number by stating that General Techernikoff was the name of the personage who brought the Czar's memorandum to Vienna. According to the latest intelligence, the price of corn is rising in most of the principal markets. At Marseilles the rise is 21r.; at Rouen, lfr. 75e. • and at Nantes, lfr. In the Lorraine and Alsatia prices are somewhat lower. Freights continue to rise. The price of bread has been fixed in the department of the Seine and Oise at 93c., or 13c. higher than at Paris. Tho Echo Agricole calculates that if, as will in all probability be the case, flour should continue to be as dear or dearer than it now is till September next year, the city of Paris must on the present system disburse 34 millions of francs, instead of 6 millions, which one of the muni cipal councillors mentioned as the probable amount in the last sitting of the council. Messrs. Mires and Co. publish a formal notice in the Constitutionnel to-day of the refusal of govern ment to authorise the creditfonckr societies of Mar seilles and Never*, bat state at the same time that on the Ist of October a now scheme approved of by the Mvernment will be submitted to the shareholders. eanwhile the deposits will be returned immediately to all persons who may wish for their money. The Moniteur contains a decree fixing the import duties upon raw caoutchouc at Mr. in 100 kilos. in French ships, and at 10fr. in foreign ships and by land. Caoutchonc imported in French ships from countries cut of Europe will be admitted free of duty. A serious accident happened this morning on the Bordeaux railway between Poitiers and the Liguge station. The mail train, which left Paris at 7.15 yesterday u evening, came into collision with an e x t ra train. Some of the companies' servant s i n both trains were killed and several passengers injured. The Prefect ' of the Herault has dissolved three municipal councils for refusing to celebrate the 'Emperor's fete day (Aug. 15.) Letters from Malta of the 14th state that several vessels belonging to the English squadron had sue , cessively arrived in the port. They had been cruising in the Archipelago, and were to continue to keep out at sea. Admiral Dundee, on the advice of the surgeons of his squadron, had taken this measure to give the crews the benefit of change of air. GERMAN Y. The Agram Gazette states that the Croat and other border regiments now in Lombardy are to be recalled in the course of a few weeks, and will be sent home. This is an unostentatious way of in creasing Austria's already powerful military force on the Turkish frontier. The Vienna Gazette of the 13th contains a patent in which the Emperor prescribes the rate and nature of the taxes to be paid in the course of the next twelve months. The new tribunal lately constituted in Prussia, to take cognisance of the crime of high treason, heard its first case on the llth, when a journeyman tailor named Tietz was placed at the bar. The specific charge against Tietz was, that while resident in Paris, from 1810 to 1831, ho was connected with the Communistic League, the discove7 of which made so much noise about a year ago. fhe prisoner was found guilty, and seatenced to three years' imprisonment in the House of Correction, and 10 years' police surveillance. MELANCHOLY ACCIDENT AT See—Font LIVES Losr.—Yesterday week four men, named Richard Pah rs, Nicholas Haswell, William He.kin, and Thomas Lang ford, (our fishermen of Cornwall, took a covered barge or lighter, and railed to Ncwquay after pilchards, intending to return the following day; instead of which the barge was found on the rocks under l'entire cliff, a total wreck ; the fish were floating among the breakers. Hoskins' cap was picked up, hut no account could be obtained of the poor fellows, and there cannot be a doubt that they met a watery grave. As there was a heavy ground sea that night it is supposed that in coming round Stepper l'oint a sea broke over them, carried away the mast and bulwarks, and washed them overboard, and that the barge drifted to where she wee found. Two of the men Imo left wires end families. THE UNITED STATES. LIVERPOOL, SATVIIDAT. The royal mail steamship Arabia, Commander hulking, with advices from New York to the 7th inst., arrived in the Mersey to-night. The Washington correspondent of the New York Herald of the oth states that the administration has accepted the resignation of the Hon. R. J. Walker as commissioner to China, and that his successor will probably be appointed before the close of the week. It is also thought that the mission to France will be filled in a few days. Secretary Davis haviug re turned from the Blue Mountains, the cabinet is again full, and we shall doubtless soon ascertain whether we are to be represented by a hard or a soft shell, or either, at the court of Napoleon 111. Deaths at New Orleans are over 100 daily. Still, though the pestilence appears to be on the decrease, most probably on account of the decreased number of unacelimated persons in the city, of whom there were only supposed at last account to be about 6,000 to 7,000, at Mobile the fever was increasing; deaths nearly thirty daily. Two slaves who suddenly disappeared from Ports mouth, Va., were found secreted on board the British ship Samuel, which was overhauled in Hamp ton roads. A young marine, who had deserted from the United States ship Pennsylvania, was also ar rested on board the Samuel. The fugitives, together with Captain Morris, of the Samuel, who is believed to have taken no part in aiding the negroes to escape, were taken back to Portsmouth. The captain was committed for examination. A letter from Boston, dated the 3rd, says: The barque Cuba, Captain Howe, from Palermo, arrived at this port yesterday afternoon, having on board, in irons, John Dudley, one of the crew of the ship France, Capt. Teal, charged, with three others, with making a murderous attack upon Capt Teal, on the 20th July last, on board said ship. The France be longs to Philadelphia, and is now on her trip from Pernambuco, bound for New York, with three of her crew in irons, jointly charged with Dudley. During the melee Capt. Teal was struck with an axe, and severely wounded. The second mate, James Knights, was shot with a pistol, the ball lodging in his shoul der, from whenco it was subsequently extracted, and at last accounts Knights was doing well. Dudley has been committed to gaol for examination. THE WEST INDIA MAILS. ARRIVAL OF THE ORINOCO. _ . The Royal West India mail packet Orinoco, Capt. Wilson, from the West Indies, &c., arrived at South ampton yesterday, and landed her mails under the charge of Lieut. E. P. Fuge, R.N., Admiralty agent. The dates of sailing are as follow :—Vera Cruz, Tampico, Havannah, none ; Colon or Navy Bay, August 23 ; Honduras, 19; Carthagena, 25 ; Ja maica, 28 ; Demerara, 25 ; Trinidad, 25 ; Barbadoes, 27; Antigua, 28 ; Martinique, 28; Grenada, 28 ; Porto Rico, 31 ; St. Thomas, Sept. 1 ; La Gua'rra, August 23 ; Tortola, Bermuda, Fayal, 30 ; St. Vin cent, N. The l'acific royal mail steamer Quito, Capt. Wood, R.N., commander, was wrecked on tho 12th or August, about 17 miles to tho northward of the Bay of Wasko, on her way to Valparaiso. The mails and l l part of her freight were saved ; the remainder sank in the vessel, which has become a total wreck. She ran on shore during the night, the land not having been seen until it was too late. One passenger drowned. Commander Wood was one of the officers who had been employed in surveying that coast. The yellow fever still rages in Jamaica, Porto Rico, Demerata, and some of the other islands. It appears to have left St. Thomua, and found its way to HOMO of the islands that have hitherto escaped. At Montserrat it had broken out, carrying off Captain and Mrs. Booth, the Governor, the only medical man in the island, and several others. At Trinidad it was also raging. The ships generally are healthy, a few cases occurring occasionally. The purser of the Dement died on the 20th ult. Her Majesty's steamer Buzzard arrived at Port Royal, from the Caymano, on the 20th of August, and sent 23 men and officers to hospital with fever, caught from ex posure while on shore at the Caymano. INDIA AND CHINA. THE OVERLAND MAIL. We have received our journals and despatches in anticipation of the overland mail. The dates are : Bombay, July 30; Calcutta, August 5; Hong Kong, July 23. The letter from our Bombay correspondent is as follows : BOMBAY, Jrl.: 30. • During the ten days which have elapsed since the despatch of the last mail death has been busy in all parts of the country, and the casualties amongst the European officers of the army have been numerous. In my last I told you of the dangerous illness of Mr. William Simson, mintmaster, &c., at Bombay. News of his death reached the presidency on the day of the mail's departure, but not till after the closing of the despatches. He breathed hie last on the 19th inst., a fortnight after the grave had closed over the re mains of the Hon. Mr. Bell. Two of the gentlemen accused by Mr. Luard of crimes which should long ago have compelled investigation have now been removed by death ; but the inquiry, universally allowed to have been imperatively necessary before, is ten thousand times more necessary now that the accused are believed to have been flurried to their graves by the accusations made against them,and which they are said to have been refused permission to re fute. The governor returns to England in November at his own request it ia reported—his successor being the Earl of Albemarle. On these matters I suspect the would-be-wise ones in India pretend to knew more than ever had any existence, except in their own fancies. Let him go when he will, I question whether there will bo many to regret Lord Falk land's departure, for his administration seems to have been one series of blunders, while personally his lordship appears to be in anything but disfavour. Lord Fitzelarence continues now to enjoy health at Poona. The drill of the troops has te x el greatly interfered with by the extremely wet wea ther recently experienced all over the country, and more particularly at Poona, where such heavy rain ' has not been experienced for time out of mind. Latterly the weather had been fine and clear, and militeal, training had been resumed. Mr. Scrivener and his school seems to be flourishing more and more daily, and the barrack-rooms of the different European corps each present the appearance more of a seminary than anything else one would expect them to do. The men have taken to books and learning, and as a natural result the canteens are in a great measure deserted—by day at any rate, if not also by night. You will no doubt be happy to hear that the officers of the different corps are doing their utmost to foster and encourage the soldiers in their literary tastes, not a few of them even acting as their teachers. The lion. Mr. Warden goes to Poona on Monday next, leaving but one member of the government, the Hon. Mr. Blanc, at the presidency. Mr. Mackenzie, clerk to the In solvent Court, is very unwell, and returns to Europe by to-day's steamer via Ceylon. Mr. T. L. Jenkens has been succeeded as assessor to the Court of Petty Sessions by Mr. T. Lowndes, so that the whole of the barristers of the Supreme Court now hold ap pointments under government. Lieut. Mellersh has been appointed commissary of ordnance at HydrabaJ, and Dr. Beatty civil surgeon at Kur rachee. .1 large quantity of wire for electric tele graph purposes has reached Bombay and Calcutta, and it is believed the construction of the grand lines will be commenced shortly. Major It. L. Shawe, who it will be remembered was suspended for six months for interfering in the affairs of the Meer of libyrpore, has been ordered to be removed from the army on the pension of his rank—a warning to all those who dare to take part with any native whom goveinment think lit to punish either for real or imaginary misdeeds. Lieutenant J. F. Lester, deputy collector in Upper Sindh, havin g g one home, has been succeeded by Lieut. W. C. L ester—nothing like keeping good things in a family. Mr. 11. Reeves will, it is expected, succeed the late Mr. Simon, as civil auditor and mint master, on a reduced salary of 2,ooOrti. a month (',lOO/. per annum.) Soule folks allege that the mastership of the mint is to be given to an engineer officer, and to be disjoined from that of civil auditor, and this is exactly what ought to be done. 3001. have been given by the Bombay Bank to the police who suc ceeded in tracing out the forger of notes, who was at last sessions convicted of, and transported for, the offence. The bank's notes fur at., al., 2/., and 1/. 10s., arc about to be collected in, and others issued in their stead. Those for 1001., 10/., 2/. 10s., and 111., will afterwards be called in. All notes are to bo 'of one description. At present they arc all of dif ferent kinds. On the 23rd inst. Lord Falkland attended a durbar given by the High Priest of the Borah caste at Poona. Of the ceremony observed on the occasion, a party present writes thus : The brother of the 1111o;lajee, or High Priest of the Borah', held a durbar, at his residence in the city, yester day evening. Lord Falkland and his staff were present, having arrived at a quarter after five o'clock, and were ushered into a hall on ore side of a court in which a foun tain played. The hall was supported by square pillars covered with streaked cloth, which assisted to drape the ceiling, from which were suspended a profusion of globe lamps and chandeliers. Lord Falkland was met at the en trance by the Moolajee, • young man plainly garmented and wrapt in the folds of a Cashmere shawl. The hall was crowded with Deccan Sinters and native gentlerni nof every degree, and few and far between sat military officers in full uniform, and a few prafesdonal gentlemen. Lord Falkland was attended, beside his personal staff, by two secretaries of government and other civilians. By the kindness of the colonel of the lid ltegiment Native Infan try the bend of the regiment were permitted to attend, and but for their enlivening strains, the durbar would have been a Helm, uomeaningless, ceremony. The ceremony I need scarcely say consisted of the presentation of wreaths of flowers, sprinkling of ro e water, Lord Falkland was seated about twenty minutes, and then took his leave, with a floral roll suspended from his neck, and with him left all the European gentlemen present. Ten pounds a month extra allowance has been allowed by the Court of Directors to Mr. T. Selby, head uncovenanted assistant in the auditor-general's office, as a special acknowledgment of his merit and ability; and certainly on no more deserving man could the distinction have been bestowed, as every one who knows Mr. Selby acknowledges. Two Mormon missionaries have just arrived from Aus tralia. Mr. Finlay, who has been here for some time, is said to be gaining a few proselytes amongst the soldiers. Captain K. Jopp is to officiate as su perintendent of police in the Dharwar collectorate. the great opium speculator and banker, the other day on visiting the School of Industry, was so pleased with all he saw, that he presented each boy with a new suit of clothes, and expressed his desire to contribute to the funds of the institution—a desire which, no doubt, the secretary speedily gave him the means of satisfying. A new weekly paper, to be styled the Oriental News, is to be started in Sep'ember next at Bombay. The weather of late has been tolerably fair, but the wind continues boisterous and stormy. Trade con tinues dull, and the money market easy. Bank shares are quoted as follows :—Banibay, :a ; Oriental, 94 ; Commercial, 27 ; and Agra, 30 per cent. prem. ; and railway, 21 prem. per share. The Gazette has of late been very ably pointing out the injustice and oppression of the poor shopkeepers of Bombay in the working of the shop and stall tax, while the banks and banking-heuses and large mercantile houses es cape taxation altogether because they cannot legally be denominated shops. The editor has prepared a lucid and telling memorial to the supreme govern ment on the subject, which is being signed by nearly every shopkeeper nud a great many gentlemen who wish to see all taxed justly and according to their means. The strictures of the Gazette on the board of conservancy, through whom the shop and stall tax came into existence, have beta as severe as they were merited, and have been universally approved of. THE PUNJAUB. That "Arch-fiend," Saadut Khsn, the Momund chief, seems destined to remain a thorn in our side so long as he remains at large, so the sooner he is caught and caged the better. The Lak9re Chronicle, of the 13th instant, says of him and his doings : Saadut Khan, The blomund thorn in the sloe of the British Administration of the Province of I'eshawur, is again astir. Ile was at the commencement of this entiath, at Peendeealee, and had been amusing himself with carry ing off a kaffia bound to Bajaor. It was believed, in some quarters, that on the conclusion of the Hamm, he would prepare for an attack on some of the frontier villages. Should ho tarry out the intentions he is supposed to enter tain, lie may be mere successful than has hitherto been the case, as the rivers, and even the smaller ludas, are reported unpiussable ; the bridge of boats connecting Peshawar with the Doaba and Ilushtnugur, has been destroyed by logs of wood floated down the river, so that reinforcements cannot well be sent to the outposts, in case of necessity. The posts are, of course, safe against any numbers that the Momund Chief can bring against them, but they cannot afford any aid to the surrounding villages, in case of an inroad, and these may be plundered and burnt before an efficient force could reach the exposed districts from Peshawur. " Government should," says a correspondent, in more energetic language than it is per haps necessary to quote, be prepared to protect their ryots at all seasons." But, worse than this, " the Kobac pus is closed, and has been so for some days. This is another very derogatory affair; a handful of scoundrels take up a position on our tide of the defile, and allow no one to pass, and yet we do not, will not, or cannot drive them off! How can we call ourselves masters of this soil? Who ever heard of a British force in the field acting so entirely on the defensive, as we are doing, to the great disgust of those who, like himself, think we can only be masters or servants, and that we look much more like the latter than the former, under present circumstances." A report was abroad in Lahore yesterday, that Shubkudr had been attacked by Saadut Khan, that he had succeeded in taking the place, and that Captain Fisher, the commandant of the post, had been killed. We can only say that letters were received by yesterday's dsk, which say not a word on the subject, and that we have also communications this morning (dated 13th July) which are equally silent. BUItMAH. No news has been received of later date from Bur nish than that given in my last. Some old letters mention that considerable annoyance was being given to us by the Burmese, and it is evident that by our troops in the country it is not expected that the peace proclaimed from Calcutta can be lasting or per manent, and very likely Lord Dalhousie himself never expected it would. The following letters, of date 29th June, from Kyonk Phyoo, have been pub lished in the Bengal Hurkaru : The Zenobia has just come in fora part of the Arracan Local Battalion, but she has to go first to Akyab to take in coals. She starts at daylight to-morrow morning, and is expected to return about the 4th proximo. The Arracan Battalion has been here for the last twenty days, having all provisions ready and being prepared to start at a moment's notice; but of course none of the men will be embarked until the return of the Zenobia with a sufficient rupply of coal to enable her to proceed to Rangoon. I hear that another steamer is expected shortly to take a further por tion of the men. We have nothing but rain day and night, and everthing feels so damp and uncomfortable, that I tear all of us will get ill. The Phlegethon steamer was seat up the Aeng river to bring down the families of the Arescan Local Battalion, but she met with a double accident. First, in proceeding up, she got her rigging entangled in the jungle which grows down to the water's edge, and thereby sprang her topmuts. The second mishap occurred whilst she was at anchor at that harbour. A barque under full sail ran foul of the I'hlegethoo, and carried away her jibboom, bow sprit, figure head, and part of her bulwark, This will, of course, detain her for some time, co that there is no saying when the whole of the men for Rangoon will be able to leave. It is now exactly six weeks since we have had a steamer from Calcutta, and we are sadly in want of several things, especially flannel, which is the only clothing that could afford us protection against the extreme dampness. CHINA PROGRESS OF THE REBELLION. ADVANCE ON PEKIN. HONG KONG, JULY 23.—The political state of af fairs in this quarter are telling severely upon the commerce of 'he count 7, and as the commercial shoe has commenced to pinch some of the specula tors in longeloths and drug begin to cry out. 'The Shanghao firms, or rather a portion of them, have addressed a letter or memorial to Sir George lion ham, the superintendent of trade, in which they set forth the deplorable condition of trade at their em porium, and the immense losses which will necessa rily follow. To avert as much lose as possible to themselves and their constituents in England, the memorialists suggest the British plenipotentiary's aid in inducing the Chinese authonties to postpone the payment of import duties, assigning as a reason that it is but fair that the Chinese should suffer, not the importers ; because the interruption to trade has been brought about by the Chinese themselves. The Superintendent of Trade has not acceded to the requests of the requisitionists, and tells them plainly that parties in Europe who shipped the goods upon which import dues are now demanded did so in the face of the disturbances, and so acted irnprudeutly. It may be stated that the leading firms did not sign the memorial, viz., Messrs. Bleu kin, Rawson, and Co.; Dallas and Co.; Dent, Beale, and Co.; Gilman, liowman, and Co.; Jardine, Ma theson, and Co.; Lindsay and Co. ; Shaw, Bland, and Co.; Sykes, Schwabe, and Co., and some others, the absence of whose concurrence in the memorial is re ferred to by the Superintendent of Trade. The documents are given (from the !Wend (717 44 ",0 n another column. That useful journal, in remarking upon the cor respoudence, draws attention to the phrase a contest being carried on between the Emperor o r China and a small portion of his subjects," while the fact is palpable that all the forces at the disposal of lac Emperor are not capable of subduing the small ' force in question. By the steamer Lady Mary Wood letters have been received from Shanghai to the 11th inst. It appears that after the return of the Taoutae's tlcet to Woosuug, having expended all their shut and shell in an ineffectual attempt to capture the city of Chin-kiang-foo, a second attempt was inadc on June 14, not by the fleet, but by the land forces. The imperial army commenced the attack on the eastern side, from the stockades to the hill, within their own camp, and kept up a heavy fire for three successive days, but without effecting any breach, in consequence of the shot falling short of the wall. The insurgents looked on with indifference, having previously destroyed 1 1 all the intervening villages and suburbs. A large fleet of imperial war junks and lurched lie at anchor about 11 mile from the city, waiting for a fair wind to attack the city in that direction. The North China Herald mentions that a rumour was current that a force of 2,000 long-haired rebels, with European muskets or matchlocks, had just arrived at Chin-kiang from Nankin, with orders to drive away the imperial fleet, a task of no great difficulty, espe cially as many of the officers of the imperial fleet hare quarrelled with the admiral, and levauted no one knows where. An expedition had been sent up the Yang-tze-kiang from her Majesty's steamer Hermes to search after several deserters from that vessel. Although no success attended the search, the expedition succeeded in obtaining some information respecting the state of affairs between the imperialists and the insurgents. The following particulars of the expedition are taken from the North Clnnn Herald of July J: Me. Meadows, who, under instructions from her Ma jesty's consul, was sent to accompany the party in his official capacity, was enabled in the :performance of the duty entrusted to him, to visit Chiu-kcang• Coo, and enter into communication with Lo, the command, r of the forces in that city, to whom the object of his vi-it to that neigh bourhood was explained. At the interview bete ccn Mr. Meadows and Lo, we believe much was done to let at rest any question of collusion between the imperialists aad;their visitors, or of partisanship, and to satisfy him that the attack in each case, certainly in the last, was a mere coincidence and altogether accidental. Tl a general purport, so far as we can ascertain, of the in formation now obtained is, that a line uf fertificwion in brick Las been carried by the insurzents from Chin keen. foo along the low ridge of hills to the rie,r, thus keeping open a communication between the city and the Yang. tsar. We may infer, therefore, that they have not teen much molested by the imperialists, who have a camp at some distance and a fleet a few miles below of some sixty vessels, lorchus, and junks, neither army nor fleet appear ing much disposed to action. There are evidences of the march of a column to the Yellow River, since it appears certain that a city on its banks has been taken by the insurgents. We have understood, as regards the spirit of tho chiefs, that some assurance was spontaneously given of their desire to avoid as far as possible any ulterior operations causing prejudice to foreign trade; and this coming direct from a high source cannot be regarded as unimportant at the present moment. The latest advices from Shanghai are July 11th, and state that the insurgents were strengthening themselves in the positions they had already acquired, which include the most important in the empire to foreign trade. They had extended their operations with success into the populous quarters ut the coun try, and not even a rumour has been uttered that they have met with any reverse of importance. SHANGHAI, J CIA 9, 18.53. The 11chellion.—The officers and men from the !Lerma, who had proceeded to Chinkiang in search of deserters from her Majesty's steamer Salamander, have returned, after a fruitless search. They state, however, that the rebel force is more than ever strongly entrenched within their lines of defence, extending from Chinkiang to Nankin; that the intentions of the insurgents are to proceed to Pekin ; and that a large force has already proceeded northward, oral it was stated had advanced nearly to the banks of the Yellow River. A detachment from the rebel many at Nankin has also proceeded westward, fur the purpose of permanently occupying some of the most important cities upon tho Yang-tzl•lidang ; whilst, during these important move ments, the imperial forces are reported to be in complete disorganisation, the officers being a set of imbecile opium smokers, quite unfit to contend with their opponent•. The Tisiutae's fleet, now lying at Woolung, is most effective in enabling the various foreign stores to get rid of their old stocks. Larnqua has paid a visit to the authorities at Seed:few; a day or two after he left, he was followed by the lion. Coiouel Marshall and suite, in native boats. The whole party returned two days since, and it is reported that the Am , rican commissioner has had an interview with the vice , roy, but the particulars have not transpired. • _ By the steamer Lady Mary Wood accounts have been received from Amay to the 9th of July. The insurgents still maintained their hold, and all trade is suspended. Ono thing, however, is manifest— namely, that the Amoy rioters are content with their present achievements, whilst those at Nankin are pressing forward, endeavouring to bring the whole kingdom to their views. The Amoy insurgents did attempt to chastise a village in the neighbourhood supposed to be favourable to the imperial cause, and unhappily they succeeded in decapitating about 20 villagers, and destroying their dwellings. Between the 6th and Bth of July the belligerent imperialists and insurgents had a naval engagement, and not withstanding that it lasted three days there was no harm done on either side. The fact is, that a Chi nese fight, naval or military, is mere schoolboy amusement. On the present occasion the con tending parties numbered a fleet of 23 junks each, and the place of battle was the outer har bour of Amoy, where they were observed by the foreign community day after day, doing little more than changing their positions and discharging guns whose shots invariably fell short of the mark—not one hitting, although the junks occasionally passed within pistol shot of each other. After the third day the rebel party returned to the protection of the foreign shipping and houses, and the mandarin junks quietly sailed away a few miles. Under instructions trout the Hon. Colonel Marshall, the United States commissioner, the American flag has been hauled down, there being at Amoy no representative of the existing government of China. The time is not far distant when the whole of the foreign representa tives will be compelled to decide with what govern meat of China to communicate, or to whom direct the revenues to be paid. At present two of the five ports at which foreigners arc allowed to trade, are to the hands of the insurgents; and if the latter move southward they will find the people ripe for in surrection. Subjoined is a mercantile letter of the latest date : " Amoy, July 9, 1853. " On the 4th inst. the Mandarin forces effected a landing on the island, and encamped at a village ht miles from this, apparently in large numbers. eight miles from this, apparently in large numbers. Meantime the rebels threw up breastworks of sand bags outside the city in the way of their approach. " Yesterday morning the Mandarin force being close to the breastworks, an engagement took place, resulting rather in favour of the rebels, if we may judge from the fact of their opponents having re treated a few miles back. The loss on either side appears to have been very trifling. The rebels oa returning to the city exposed on the walls the heads of 20 of the slain. " Whilst the troops approached by land the Manda rin junks have been endeavouring to ga i n p ossess i on of the harbour. " On the 6th inst. about 35 or 40 war junks of different sizes came round the island, and sailed up to the entrance of the inner harbour, where they were met by the rebel fleet, consisting of 5 or six pirate and some 12 or 13 trading junks, armed and manned by the rebels, all under the command of a Singapore-born Chinese, named lien Coon. After a short engagement the rebels returned to the inner harbour, and the Mandatins stood out to sea, neither party seeming desirous to come to close quarters. " Yesterday the Mandarin fleet appeared agaia off the entrance of the inner harbour, when the farce of the previous day was repeated, but the r eturn of the rebel junks was this time attended with much con fusion, and tho Mandarins not following them into the inner harbour, is said to be ea ing to their desire to avoid injury to foreign vessels, which fighting there would probably be attended by. Though & good deal of tiring look place on both occasions, we do not hear of any damage heMg done to either side. The Mandarin fleet remained at anchor about thrco miles off, and it is supposed will this afternoon mako another attempt to capture the rebels. "'1 he place remains quiet, but the shops are closely shut, and the streets almost deserted. Should the Mandarins fail in re-taking Amoy now, we fear many months of suspense and confusion will precede any return to trade. ' "P.S. The engagement came off this afternoon