The Express. — London, England, 1853-08-25 00:00:00

-Tilt enn'too T 9 CORM/SPUN DENTS. & •oc owl t 4 II .I"iiiiiipreac"coataTatia Tao Mee "titre ' . • ( Acette." t• pulglilad 5.,1, Tooaday and !WM .14%4 al WM Iw r.OL atnit waist. lataaded Ito "TM Iltsprow;iAMOS avraim papal, ▪ to at la. Bouverboaarew, to Two oMoM as do day at maw aloe. MOH WATER AT 1.01'4110N BRIDGE Tao Pav—llaralar. 311. 3110.......—Aitamma. 13a T•rwarw—Slarnar. 11•.31, AIifISONS. 811. LONDON, THURSDAY, AUGUST 25. EVIDENCE to the effect that the Ottoman Govern ment has reluctantly consented to adopt the proposal of the Great Powers, in its original form, has been submitted to us, of a nature almost to eradicate our scepticism. And in most quarters we hear a cond., dent expectation expressed that Russia will there upon evacuate the Danubian Provinces. We confess that the language in which those expectations are expressed is most frequently such as to inspire a suspicion that the wish is father to the hope. Those who use it have en awkward air of delicately hint ing to Russia what they are afraid to ask. Be that, however, as it may, the utmost that Turkey hnr to hope for is, the gaining of a brief breathing time before the Muscovites renew their aggressions. If the Emperor Nicitut. es survive, his character is a guarantee that the aggrandisement of Russia at the expense of the Porte will not for a moment be 'cot sight of. We entertain neither dislike of nor dis respect fur, the Emperor, though opposed to his policy a l'outrance. We can make allowance for the effect of po.it ion upon his mind. All who have seen the CZAR arc unanimous as to the heroic mould in which his frame is cast. He is a noble specimen of the human animal, and he is endowed with great powers of self•control, with sleepless activity and perreveranc with talents above the average, and with an ambition of a highly imaginative character. His education was carefully attended to, and his intellectual acquirements are of no common range or order. But he has never heard any but the voice of flattery ; he is at once ambitious of warlike glory and success in Propagandism ; and he has at his command a nation which, as we showed when last we touched upon the Oriental question, is singularly qualified to be an instrument in the hands of an Imperial Nlatioamr, the majority of the lower orders being grass fanatics—of the noblesse bankrupt voluptuaries. NICHOLAS will Hat lay aside his determination to conquer Turkey, nor his people relinquish their desire to be led to combat for the faith and for plunder. And every step taken by Russia indicates a pertinacious clinging to the scheme of extending its sway to the south and west : the projected elec. tric telegraph from St. Petersburg to the ports of the Black Sea, the obstruction of the mouth of the Danube, the fortification of the delta islands of that river, and the construction of a bridge in front of Ismail, the course pursued in Wallachia and Mol davia—all speak a language that cannot be mis understood. It would therefore be the height of folly, even should Russia recede from its present wanton aggres sion, to rest in the belief that the danger is over. The consequences of the dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire by the M Iscorites, and the means for effecting this dismemberment upon which Russia reliev, ought to be carefully scanned and ana4sed, and kept ever before the public. The motto of the Rams of Brudwardine--" Beware the Bear"—is now a moat appropriate one for the whole of Europe. One of the agencies upon which the Russian Em peror appears most confidently to rely in carrying out his 'chimes against Turkey is the Greek Church. In this there is good reason to hope that he has deceived himself. The Oreek Church is by unmans the influential element in the society of the Otto- man Empire that many have imagined. The dim tinetion between the Greek race and the Greek Church in Turkey must be steadily kept in view. The latter embraces a great majority of the Christian subjects of the Porte ; the former are an inconsi derable minority in respect of numben,aod generally more inconsiderable still in respect of character and influence. Now, when we turn to the ruling hierarchy of the Greek Church, we End neither its interests nor its wishes arrayed in behalf of the Czaa. As subjects of the Porte, this hierarchy rules its church without a master. As subjects of Russia, they would be con verted into mere instruments of the CZAIre imperial will. The CZAR and the beads of the Greek Church stand to each other in much the same relatioa that the Popes did to the old German Emperors. TheOutalL !Axes of Turkey have no wish to promote the ascend ancy of the Muscovite GUELPHS in that country. But, turning next to the relations in which the high dignitaries of the Greek Church in Turkey stand to their fellow-believers throughout that empire, it is . . _ far frourbeing one of such irresistible influence as has been supposed. The ruling body in that church is a close corporation of Greeks in Constantinople. They elect their own colleagues in the capital, and they arrogate the right of naming to all the high ecelesiastical offices in the provinces. Compa ratively few Christians of the Greek ritual in the provinces are Greeks; in the north they are for the most part Sclavossians, in the south Arabs or other Semitic tribes. The Greek prelates named in Con stantinople to preside over the provincial churches scarcely ever understand the language of their flocks, and are seldom resident. For example, in Syria almost all the Christians of the Greek ritual speak and understand only Arabic. But of their dozen Bishops scarcely one can communicate with his spiritual children in that tongue, and such of them as do not remain in Constantinople take up their residence in Jerusalem, and rarely visit their sees. The hierarchy in Stam boul has little hold on the affections of those in communion with it; on the contrary, it is regarded as an intriguing, avaricious, close corporation. It could do little to aid (even though it were willing— whieh it is not) the Russian projects of conquest in Turkey with the Christians of the Greek ritual; and any overt set on its part of partisanship for Russia would stir up all the other Christian communions in Turkey to oppose it. They know right well that the interference of the CZAR on the present and other oc casions is less to obtain security for Christians than is obtain exclusive privileges for the Greek at the expense of other Christian Churches. It is clear, therefore, that the danger of the Porte from the disaffection of its Christian subjects has been much exaggerated. There are two very dif ferent dames in western Europe who have been in the habit of regarding the Christian population in Turkey as a lever by which Russia might work. There are those who look merely to the fact that in the northern provinces the Christians outnumber the Moslem, and who infer from that fact active dis content at subjection to a Muesulman yoke. The Christians of North Turkey are too well aware of the character of the Austrian lull Russian Governments to wish to change their masters. Again, there are those who look to Russia as an instrument to pro mote Christianity in the territories now subject to the Ottoman Government. It is a sad mistake to imaiine that real Christianity would be promoted by &maim conquest. The Porte has no interest in pre venting the enlightenment at.d moral elevation of the Christian Churches within its dotAnioct4 and a good deal his been donee: late years by missionaries from Western Europe r.nd America, not to withdraw the Christians of ":•urkey from their respective churches, but to sow the seeds of a purer and more vital Christianity in those churches. Were Russia to obtain the &minion of Turkey, the Greek Church would be frai.iwith converted into a mere instrument of state ; all reforms within it would be zealously I opposed, and all other churches would be directly or indirectly persecuted. ONE of the last questions asked in Parliament on the last day of the session was about procuring a due supply of guano. Colonel BLAIR inquired. of Lord J. RUSSELL whether the Government was attending to the recent discovery of more guano islands. Lord J. RUSSELL promised serious atten tion on the part of the Government; and Colonel BLAIR intimated that an increased supply was of great consequence to the agriculture of Scotland. Such an increased supply is of so much consequence to every part of the kingdom, and it would be so very easy to obtain all we want, that really there is no other explanation of the existing deficiency than that the Government is unaware of the facts of both the demand and the practicable supply. The frets are, that where manure is supplied to the soil with a liberality amounting to daring, the beneficial results are such as to astonish the experi menters. In the neighbourhood of a large town, where the price of the town manure is ss. a ton, a farmer finds it answer to apply 2,000 tons to IN acres—an amount of manuring which would have been called insanity half a century ago. We see wheat lands yielding an increase of 11 bushels per acre over and above former produce by an expendi ture of 30s. in guano and soot. We see four times the old amount of stock fed on grasses which have been dressed with guano in the proportion of two-and•a-half or three cwts. to the acre. In the dry southern parts of the country, other manures may serve u well as guano, or even better, unless there is a good apparatus for artificial irrigation ; but in Scotland, as COI. BLAIR suggests, and in the north of England, and wherever the mists hang about the hills, or drive in from the sea, and everywhere in showery Ireland, an abundant supply of guano would be the greatest of blessings to the producers, and of course to the consumers of food. Now that the use of animal food is spreading abroad and downwards in society, in proportion to the in creased power to purchase it; now that we are im porting live stock to such an amount that the sheep alone outnumber the importations of all animals at no distant date ; now that the value of the butter trade is becoming understood, and the cheese manufacture is largely on the increase, we are not likely to be careless about the manure, which will feed four times the amount of stock that can be supported by the average tillage of the soil. We want guano in quantities which cannot be specifies:—nor perhaps imagined ; and we must have it for less than the 91. per ton that we have to pay for the Peruvian article. Some little time since, when it appeared that last year's importation of Peruvian guano fell very short of that of the preceding year, there was a notion that the farmers were getting displeased with it, that the use of guano had been a mere fashion, a temporary fancy, already repented of. The recep iltion now given to the news of fresh guano islands I shows that this was an erroneous supposition. It is true, some farmers had applied it too freely, without the necessary correctives, to cereal crops, and found they had too much straw and too little grain. It is true that many were disheartened by the result of experiments tried with an adulterated article—tempt ing them with the name of guano at 51. per ton or less; and that the disrepute extended in many minds to the use of the manure at all. But the main cause of the decline in the importation—a decline of more than one half—was a temporary one. The requisite tonnage could not be had, owing to the ex traordinary demand of vessels for the Australian trade. If the importation lessened, the stocks wets sold cif under an accelerating demand ; and if there were farmers who held back discouraged, there were more who were eager to purchase, for last year's sale of the best Peruvian guano exceeded that of the preceding year by above 50,000 tons. If this is the case with guano at the present price, what would not the demand be if the supply and the traffic were free? And why are they not so? Now, let any one look at the map of the world, and brush up his memory about the climate and inha bitancy of particular parts of it, and he will feel as sured that there must be plenty of guano to be had if we sent out properly to seek for it. There must be many islands in the wide oceans where birds come and rain does not. As soon as this is pointed unt, the thing wanted is found. In the Indian Ocean, between Mauritius and Calcutta, there is an island, forty times as large as Ichaboe, which is co vered deep with guano everywhere, some of which is akesdy proved by chemical analysis to be equal to that of Saldanba Bay, while there is reason to sup pose that what hall deeper is richer stilL A broad hint is furnished by one incident of this discovery. The greatest depth, and therefore the greatest rich ness, was found in caves and clefts of the rock. This relieves us, apparently, from the grand condition that the supplies must be looked for only in localities where there is no rain. The idea of caves once suggested, the search is guided to places where limestone rocks are likely to be the undisturbed resort of birds; and immediately the information is afforded us that throughout the Indian Archipelago where the edible bird's-nest of commerce is looked for— that is, where there are caves inhabited by that nest-building swallow—there are larger caves where centuries of bats have been depositing guano for our use, till it is found impossible at present to penetrate the floor. We were recently favoured with a letter from a correspondent, who had collected notices of such deposits from a series of works on the Indian Archipelago; and we can but hope that, if the Government is really anxious to help us to guano, its members have attended to the statements of that letter. It is necessary to ascertain whether the deposits described as existing in such vast quan tities in Burmah, Sumatra, Borneo, &ie., are as valua ble for manure as the treatment of them for nitrous extract may authorise us to suppose. And it is obvious that an interest so strong as this her become should not be left to chance discovery. In the one case before us, the captain sent a boat to the unknown island for water; and the sailors, finding no water, had the sense to tell him what they did find ; and he chanced to have the knowledge which enabled him to follow up the inquiry—by which we shall be heartily glad if he makes his fortune. In the other case, men go for birds' nests, and bring away the soil to boil down with ashes to make saltpetre —and it strikes a gentleman at Hampstead, who reads of their doings, that a promise of guano lies therein. We are thankful fur such chances; but why should we depend on them when Government has means of express exploration ready for use? Among the great number of small vessels at the dis- 1 posal of Government, why cannot half a dozen or so be sent out on the search for guano islands ? With a naval knowledge of physical geography, such as would guide their search, we have little doubt they would each find one in a trice. If the Americana had the same need of manure that we have, they would THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY . . havoset foot before this time on every gesso ' in the world; . and their Government would hove directed the seuch. Our - Government bust please to do as , mach for us, if so 'grimily in terested in the subject u Lord Jos* liteseLt. represents. They have ships at leisure for a search, which our merchants have not just now• The guano once found, the merchants will import it readily enough ; but their vessels have no time at present for voyages of discovery. Let Government show us where to go, and we will help ourselves to the commodity, and the British public to beef and mutton, in ii.cressing quantities at a falling price— to the satisfaction alike of the farming and the eating interest. ANN HICKS IN MELBOURNE. The voice of an old acquaintance has reached us all the way from Melbourne—even the voice of Ann Hicks. Our old friend does not appear to take cor dially to her new home ; but we reserve comment till we have allowed her to speak for herself. Her letter is dated May 15 : " I had a long voyage, and Fanny was very ill ; but I did not ail anything. I landed on the lit of January. My first home was with the ltev. I then took a situation as a cook near Melbourne, but had to leave it in consequence of spraining my right hand. lam now nurse at the I Melbourne Hospital, where I have been three 'months. But no night nurse is kept ; and our living is bad; and I have only 12s. per week (ss. a week in London woull go much further); and I have to pay 10s. a week for the care of my little child—for I seut her out to service, and she was so overworked that she has been ill ever since. And this is a very unhealthy countrv—mud and dust every other day. All articles of food and clothing are very dear, and house-rent is dreadfully high. I intend to go out as monthly nurse as soon as I can. " I have in vain advertised in all the Melbourne l and Adelaide papers for my son Arthur. I cannot get any information of him; so I am quite resigned to give up all hope of his being alive. Thousands who have come into this land of gold and slavery (for it is nothing better) die every year of dysentery and fever. "As all things go, however, I may as well stay where I am. My utmost wish is to obtain a few acres of lend, and build a cottage ; and if it shall please the Almighty to permit me to live to see my little daughter old enough to earn her own living, I will be contented. I have lent a petition to her Majesty the Queen, to grant me a few acres of land out here, instead of the money due to me for the materials of my cottage in Hyde-park; and if this is granted, I shall do very well. If I do not get an answer to my petition, I will try to get home next year, and petition the Queen in person." Now, we know quite well beforehand what will be said of this letter by the parties to the evicting of poor Ann Hicks, and the coteries in which they move. They will be eloquent about her inca pacity to help herself, and her dissatisfac tion with her lot. As to her capacity to help herself, had she been one of those who ever were very good at that, she would not have drifted down into a vendor of toffy and brandy-ball.. As to her !rumbling, it is but natural. It must be kept in mind that she had been allowed to establish herself as a vendor of juvenile confections in Hyde-park; that she was harmless and inoffensive there, and a burden on nobody ; that she was wantonly and use lessly evicted, to make way for a favourite of the powers who rule the park, who now supplies glasses to the thirsty who resort to the fountain near where her hut stood instead of her. At her time of life, it is not easy to acquire the ways of a new country. and they who drove her to make the difficult experiment have much to answer for. The Queen cannot grant land to Ann, but it will be hard to make the poor woman understand this. If she return, however, as she threatens, to this coun try, to urge her claim in person—and she is Just the woman to do it—she will trouble her old unfriends by her clamorous grievances. There is a noble lord who owes her amends for the cantons and super cilious harshness with which he treated her. He might do a worse and less graceful act than by pro curing a few acres for Ann in Victoria, to save him self and his Royal mistress from the annoyance of her re-appearance on the stage here. INDIA. THE OVERLAND MAIL. (SY SUBIIARINIt TIM/I/APR.) MARSEILLES, THURSDAY. The Indian Mail arrived here at nine o'clock this morning. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. Through a channel which scarcely allows us to entertain a doubt of the accuracy of the statement, we are informed that the acceptance of the proposal of the great powers by the Porte had been shown to their ambassadors at Constantinople, and that there everything was considered as dually settled. Baron de Meyendorff, son of the ambassador of Russia at Vienna, left Trieste on the 17th, for Dal. matia, to proceed to Montenegro, whither he is carry ing, it is said, the order of St. Anne to Prince Danilo. A letter from Constantinople of the Bth, in the Wanderer of Vienna, states that M. de Bruck, the Austrian Internuncio, had declared to the Porte that in proposing to occupy Fiery* the Austrian go vernment had no desire to make the slightest attack on the integrity and sovereignty of Turkey, but merely to aid in the maintenance of order ; and that if the Porte did not consider this aid necessary, the Austrians would not cross the frontier. A letter from Vienna states that • commercial house in that city has lately, by order of a banker at St. Petersburg, made considerable purchases of me tallic bonds, paying for them by bills on London. It is stated that these purchases, which have tended to keep up prices, have been made for the account of 1 a Russian archduchess. A letter from Jassy says:—" General Danuem berg, before his departure from our town, set at liberty all the inhabitants of Moldavia who had been arrested for resistance to Russia. At the same time the inhabitants were informed that they would be severely punished if for the future they endeavoured to thwart the views of Russia." FRANCE. PARIS, WEDNESDAY EIFENINO, It is now beyond a iloubi thiiititeat;senCeoFthe French ambassador from Brussels at the moment of the Duke of Brabant's marriage was a calculated affront to Belgium. M. Amedee de Cesens, who on the Emperor's fête day received a decoration for " emi nent services rendered in the political press" startles the Parisian public today by an article occupying five columns of the Conslatunonnel, the obvious pur pose of which is to manifest the displeasure of his imperial master at the Austrian alliance, and to threaten Belgium with annexation to France. Should this article excite premature uneasiness, or more attention than is intended, the I/ma te/4r will repeat the common form that the government is not responsible for the opinions expressed by other journals. But although part of the duty of a French government writer is to suffer repudiation when necessary, M. Ami:dee de Cesena un this occasion has contrived to evade even his own personal responsibility for the feeler he has put forth. He has found a convenient Belgian, and the more convenient because an anonymous Belgian, who pub lishes with a Parisian publisher, M. Ledoyen, a pamphlet entitled " Belgium and the Austrian Mar riage," stuffed full of " Napoli aliennes," arguing the impossibility of Belgian independence, ridiculing Belgian patriotism, and affirming that all sensible Belgians arc eager to be an nexed to France. M. AmMee de Cessna, who by the way makes no allusion to the absence of the Drench Ambassador from Brussels, merely notices the pamphlet in the dry discharge of his duties as a journalist, not that the French govern ment has the least hankering after the banks of the EVEIiNG. AUGUST 25. 1853. Bebekft,istit beams the public ought to be made aeireisted with " state of opinion in Brume's upon 'so vests problem as the destinies of a kingdom bor deringon one of our frontiers." An additional brigade has been ordered to rein force the camp at Helfaut immediately. The Emperor has declined to accept the gift of the Hotel de Ville of Dieppe. In a letter to the Mayor, thanking him for the offer, his Majesty says the existing claims upon the civil list do not permit him to provide for the expense of keeping up an additional residence. This puts an end to a ques tion which has been raised, whether the municipality had any right to give away the town property at all. The weather at Dieppe has been very bad, and the Em pies, has been unable to continue her promenades. It appears that the Patrie, in saying so much about the 3nrepressible enthusiasm of the population, has not Seen speaking in the right key. The Moniteur this morning says that the people scrupulously attend to their Majesties' desire to remain incognito and that their " respect equals their affection." The: Pays also says that the Dieppe people are most " circum spect" in theexpression of their sympathies. A letter from Dieppe gives the following account of in incident which occurred during the launch on Monday : The Emperor, who observed the dreadful state of the beach from the quantity of large stones and shingle which lay about, asked the Mayor why something had not been done to remedy such a state of things. The Mayor replied that the local authorities had long endeavoured to have tte beach improved, but that the military engineering de partment, under whose jurisdiction the beach was placed, had opposed the general wish. The Municipal Council, he added, had for some time past come to the re solution to send in a petition to the lumperor on the sub ject. His Majesty then directed the Mayor to send him in a plan, assuring him that he would do all he could to for ward the views of the corporation. The Mayor and the ' Municipal Council immediately set to work, and in Ifour and twenty hours a plan will be ready. The news of this circumstance has caused the greatest satisfaction in the town. The journey of the Emperor in the north appears, says the Constitutionnel, to have been postponed, and it is now almost certain that the Empress will ac company him. M. Duhamel, Prefect of the Pas-de- Calais, announced the day before yesterday to the Coun cil-General the approaching visit of their Majesties, and he demanded from the Council a credit of 10,009 francs for their reception in all the department, and a further credit of 2,500 fr. for furnishing the apart ment at the Prefecture for their Majesties' reception. It appears certain also that the camp at Helfaut will have an additional brigade for the let of September, which will be placed under the command of General Lespinasse, Aide-de-Camp to the Emperor. The brigade will he composed of the 12th Horse Chas sears, and the Gth and 15th Light Infantry. Prince Jerome on Monday received the visit of the sub-prefect and the civil, military, and administrative authorities of Havre. The Prince, accompanied by Queen Christina and her children, afterwards visited the imperial yacht, the Reine Hortense, which was anchored in the King's basin. The crew manned the yards, and, waving their hats, shouted 1, Vice l'Em pereur ! Vive Jerome!" as the illustrious party went on board. After having minutely visited the imperial yacht, they returned to shore, and, amidst the accla mations of a large crowd, drove off in the direction of Ingouville. The llfonittur says : The Emperor of Austria, whose attention had been called to the manceuvres which have been executed for some weeks put at the camp of Satory, has been pleased to have his army represented there. That mission has been entrusted, on the designation of the Emperor Francis-Joseph himself, to Prince Jahlonowski, Field-Marshal, Grand-Master of the households of their Imperial Highnesses, the brothers of his Majesty ; to Colonel Baron Leykam, brother-in-law of Prince Metternich ; to Colonel Baron Smola ; and to Colonel Auhin. Prince Jablonowski and the ',Meets who accom pany him have just arrive•' in Paris. The obsequies of General de Montholon, which were to have taken place to-day, have been post poned by "high command." It is supposed that the Emperor intends to order a public funeral. A legitimist journal, Le Foi Bretonne, has received a warning for an historical article reflecting upon the memory of Napoleon I. BELGIUM. BRUSSELS, TUESDAY. The French envoy was not present at the marriage ceremonies. The French government was entirely unrepresented on the occasion. Brussels was brilliant', illuminated last night. About 10 p.m. five of the royal carriages left the palace to traverse the principal streets. In one of these were the Duke of Brabant and the Count of Flanders, attended by the Burgomaster of Brussels ; in another the Princess Charlotte, attended by Ma dame Martinez. The carriages stopped at the entrance of the Gallery St. Rupert, near the Marche-aux-Herbes, and the young princes and princess descended and entered the gallery. They were welcomed with a loud hurrah, but in the narrow passage, were nevertheless, and inevita bly, rudely elbowed and jostled by the admiring but closely-packed crowd. A serenade had been given to the royal family, in honour of the marriage, at 8 p.m., by the Royal Society of the Grande Harmonie. To-day the festivities still continue. The great event of the day has been, or rather it is still—for it is not yet over—the grand historical and allegorical eavaleade, representing the Flemish trades, corpora tions, communes, municipalities, and costumes of the 16th century. Immense cars, "giants," and ships, with all quaint and curious devices, have been keeping, during the last few hours, hun dreds of thousands of people in a state of amaze ment and merriment, and crowds are still hurrying to other points whence the long and magnificent recession may be viewed. Some seven or eight " nations " were represented—each of those" nations" comprising several trades, enlisted, in the olden time, under the banner of some favourite saint—for ex ample, Peter, John, Christopher, Giles, Lawrence, Our Lady, &c. The costumes were remarkably cor rect, and any one with a little imaginative power might easily fancy himself in the scene of other days —those days when the cities and towns of this again flourishing kingdom were the most wealthy and the most thriving in Europe, and when the trade of the world was transacted within their walls. The hal berdiera of Charles-Quint again appeared as it were en the Belgic soil, and the very language still spoken by the majority of the inhabitants of the city, viz., the Flemish, contributed to keep up the delusion. But the industry of our own times was not forgotten. The lace trade and the - for - carriage tad., . which Brussels is still justly celebratea, were duly honoured, each having its allegorical car; and the " press," "typified' by all its implements on a towering carriage, flung amongst the assembled crowds copies of the programme of the day. The ear of the Belgian constitution drew forth enthu siastic plaudits whenever it came in sight—a hint, perhaps, that the Austrian alliance shall not exer cise, any undue influence over the liberal institutions of this country. Last night, the old Hotel de Ville, that unique specimen of Gothic architecture, was one blaze of light, not lees than 15,000 lamps illuminating it. The principal streets were also brilliantly illumi nated, and the Arcade, the longest and the hand sweat in Europe, had a fairy-like appearance, being lighted up with Chinese lamps all down the centre and on each side. Altogether the marriage festival of the Duke and Duchess of Brabant has been one of the most splendid of modern days. BRUSSELS, WEDNESDAY. The non-appearance at the marriage of the Duke of Brabant of the French Minister Plenipotentiary to the Belgian Court,—France ha►ing been repre sented at the ceremony only by the charge d'affaires ad interim,—has created an unpleasant impression in this capital, and alarmists have not failed to attach much importance to the circumstance. SPAIN, We have received the Madrid journals of the 18th. They state that the ex-Queen of the French is ex pected at Cadiz in the early part of next month. The Duke and Duchess of Montpeneier will proceed to Cadiz to meet their royal relative, who will return with them to the Palace of San Telmo to pass the winter. M. Govante, the Minister of Justice, has made known through the Gazette that for the future foreigners, wishing to exercise the profession of teachers in Spain must, in their demand for authori sation for that purpose, state the cause of their taking up their residence in the Peninsula, and ac -1 company their application by a certificate, proving that they have exercised the profession for six yore. The journals contain no political newa. ITALY. ROME, Avoust 18 I mentioned in my letter of the 14tit instant that a revolutionary demonstration was expected to take place on the following evening, when the Piazza Colonna would be crowded with people to witness the illumination of the French Casino, and to listen to the music in honour of the Emperor Napoleon's festival. The vigilance of the police prevented any such rash and worse than us less attempt from 'taking place, and on the night of the 14th the principal leaders of the intended movement were arrested and conducted to prison, to the number, hitherto, of twenty-nine persons, almost exclusively Romans, or belonging to the Roman States. Con trary to their usual custom, in these cases of plots, of arresting, right and left, everybody suspected of liberal principles, whether guilty or in nocent of conspiring against public tran quillity, the police agents have this time acted with a decision and discrimination which prove that they were furnished with all requisite in , formation, and knew exactly where to lay their hands upon the really of parties. Of these the principal is the advocate retroni of Bologna, a man devoted heart and soul to the republican cause, and late president of the Mazzinian committee in this city, but removed from that office by the republicans themselves, after the events of Milan, which, as be fore observed, produced a split between the liberal parties. It is a curious fact that, whilst the advo cate was carrying on his arduous duties as chief agent and representative of Muzzini, his very pre sence in Rome was in defiance of the police, as he was under sentence of banishment from the States, and always managed to elude the researches of the sbirri. This time, however, he has not been so for tunate, and so precise has been the information of the police that revelations have evidently been made by some traitor amongst the conspirators themselves, probaby ono of the emissaries who recently arrived from Genoa, whose only object in associating him self to the undertaking was to sell his companions to the vengeance of the ecclesiastical government. The advocate Petroni's hiding-place turned out to be in the house of a priest, who was his half-brother, and resided in the Via dc' Cappellari. The police knocked at the door, and in reply to the inmate's inquiry who was there, replied, " Friends of Don Marco," the nom de guerre by which he was known amongst his partisans. The advocate came to receive his visitors, grumbling at the lateness of the hour they chose, when the unifarm of a gendarme pre sented itself to his astonished sight. " Ito captto," was his quiet observation—" I understand." He then inquired of his captor whether he was an officer, and learning that he was only a non-commissioned officer (a marevcialo), he tapp, d him on the shoulder, and observed,"You will w• ar an officer's epaulettes for this, my good friend; my arrest is nu important piece of service !" And important indeed it appears likely to be, for a considerable mass of correspondence with Mazzini and other leading men of his party was discovered in his rooms, bes;des papers calculated to reveal the whole plans of the republicans and to implicate a vast number of persons throughout the Homan States. The next most important haul made by the police was in the apartments of Signor Lepri, in the Poli palace, where, besides some of the foreign emissaries who lodged there, the gendarmes pounced upou a quantity of papers, circulars, and the printing press itself,whose mysterious existence has so long puzzled the authorities. The emissaries were three in num• ber, and rushed to take refuge in the room of a French officer, who likewise lodged in the apartments, as soon as they found that the house was attacked. The Frenchman did not consider himself obliged by the laws of hospitality to conceal the presence of his unexpected visitors, who were dragged from under neath his bed, and marched off to prison forthwith. Signor Lepri escaped by letting himself down from an upper window by the rope and bucket used for drawing water, but his son was nabbed in his stead. The advocate Petroni may be considered as the principal mover and director of whatever was in tended to have taken place, and his rashness in per sisting to stay in Rime, although under sentence of banishment, and although after his deposition from the Muzzinian presidency his friends offered to pro vide him with money and the means of leaving the country, sufficiently shows the resolute nature of his character. Amongst the other persons arrested are Signor Ruiz, the first comptaisla or accountant in Rome, together with his sister, the government being re solved not to except the sober sex from the rigours of a political prison ; Castellani, son ol the well-known jeweller in the Corso ; Casciani, son of Major Cas ciani of the Palatine Guard; Preti, clerk in an as surance office; Taddei, mosaicist ; Cocchi, idem. Some of the Genoese emissaries were also fouud in this man's house, in the Borgo, near the Vatican ; Francois, clerk in the salt and tobacco office; Guglielmetti, baker, and several more shopkeepers ; but it is expected that revelations will now be ex torted day by day from these prisoners, sufficient to warrant the arrest and persecution of hundreds, per haps thousands, more, throughout the State, and the result can only be in the lugubrious words of Dante— Naovi tormenti, ei nuovi tormentati. The question now arises whether these unfortunate people really did, or did not. mean to renew in Home, on the evening of the 15th, scenes like those which so recently deluged the streets of Milan with blood, and afforded the Austrians a plausible pretext for the ferocity of their soi-dieant judicial reprisals. The French insist upon it that they were all to have fallen victims to a repetition of the Sicilian Vespers, and give credit to Mr. Mangio, their prefel de police, for his sagacity in nosing out the plot ; but the Romans laugh at them for their timidity, and main tain that the object of the mission from Genoa, and the conferences of the emissaries with the republi cans in Rome, was merely to effect a reconciliation between the Mazzinians and fusionists, and introduce a spirit of union into the liberal party. Reports, however, are extremely contradictory between the Romans themselves, of whatever political opinion, some going so far as to specify the number and nature of the weapons prepared, whilst others laugh the idea to scorn, and deny the possibility of a hand -1 ful of young men being so mad as to attack a well s appointed army with • few knives, sticks, and stones. This question has formed the all-absorbing topic of conversation throughout Rome ever since, from Count de Itaynevars state dinner saloon, on Monday, to the °storks and cobblers' stalls at the street corners. The government itself has deemed it necessary to put forth a laconic allusion to the occurrence in the official paper, the following paragraph having ap. peartd in the Roman Journal of yesterday evening : --tt Several exiles from the Papal States, already known by their principles destructive of all social order, arriving from Genoa, succeeded in disembarking unobserved on the coast between Civita Vecchia and Fiumicino. Having clandestinely entered Rome, they were arrested by the police, together with some persons in correspondence e with them, who had also afforded them shelter." No doubt the authorities are delighted at any cir cumstance which affords them an opportunity or making sure of so many decided enemies of the go vernment, although they affect to lament the neces sity of returning to the system of severity, which of late had been a little relaxed, and lay upon the de luded conspirators the blame of whatever measures the police may now deem necessary for the main tenance of public tranquillity. Certainly very few persons in Rome will be found to sympathise with the authors of such a frightful tumult as a noc turnal struggle on the crowded Piazza Colonna would have proved, al says premising such to have been seriously their intention, and that such is the general opinion amidst the general contradiction is proved by the frequency of the words " folly, atro city, hopeless madness," amongst the groups of indi viduals commenting upon the matter in the public streets. Commercial men are particularly loud in their reprobation of the plot, and the majority of the ecclesiastical party and lovers of quiet are ready to exclaim : Neque Per nortrum patimur stelae Iraeunda Jovem ponere fulminal This important discovery being made, and the pro jected actors in the drama being all safely lodged in prison on the nights of the 13th and 14th, the joint festival of the Madonna and the French Emperor went off without other disturbance than what was produced by the warring of the elements. The troops on parade on the Pincio were drenched to the skin and obliged to appear en capote during the rest of the day. The French went to pay honour to the Emperor by attending the Tr Ileum at the church of St. Louis, whilst the Pope attended mass in Lamar of the Madonna at Santa Muria Maggiore. At M. de Rayneval's state dinner his excellency and Car. dinal Antonelli politely exch.inged toasts to the Pope and the Emperor, and in the evening the French establishments were illuminated for the Emperor and the Roman houses for the Madonna. The greatest quiet prevailed upon the Piazza Colonna, where the Emperor's portrait and a great transparent eagle beamed forth amidst a thousand lights, ani two French bands tried the musical forbearance of the Romans to the utmost. PIEDMONT. The quantity of specie which is now leaving Pied. mont for purchases of corn in foreign markets has, save one of the journals, caused the national bank of Turin and its branch establishments to raise their rate of discount from 4 to 5 per cent. TUSCANY. The Tuscan Monitrire announces that 58 vessels laden with corn from Greece, the lonian Islands, Turkey, and the Black Sea, entered the port of Leg. horn between the Ist and 14th instant, that 17 vessels more from the Black Sea entered on the 14th, three more on the 15th, and eight were within sight on that day. THE PENINSULAR MAILS. SOUTHAMT i ON, THURSDAY MOILAINO. The Oriental Company's steam-packet Madrid, Captain John Weeks, has arrived and landed her mails under the charge of Lieut. Sandom, ILN., Admiralty agent. Iler dates arc : Gibraltar, 16th Aug.; Cadiz, 17th ; Lisbon, 19th; Oporto, 20th; Vigo, 21st. The Madrid brings 51 pasasengers. ller cargo includes •l eases of specie ; 2 bags ditto, 180/. ; 1 par cel ditto, 134/. During the voyage moderate breezes have pre. Tailed; but there have been a succea,ion of fogs on the coast, which detained her in Vigo lei hours. She was also detained in Vigo on the voyage home eight hours by thick fogs. On the 9th the Madrid passed a steamer standing N.E., supposed to be the Euxine. 10th. Passed screw-steamer, standing N.E. 11th. Passed the Royal Mail packet 'ray, entering the 'l'agus. 13th. Off Cape St. Mary's, 2.15 a.m., exchanged blue lights with a steamer, supposed to be the Indus. 21st. Off Cape Ortega!, a steamer (screw) and schooner, standing S.W. Her Majesty's Ship Cruizer and Royal Yacht Club schooner 'Enchantress were at Gibraltar. The Spanish stcam vessel Fernand:E;tholieo, packet; and the Spanish brig, l'atriuta, 20 guns, were at Lisbon. The Portuguese corvette, Porto, 18 guns, was at Cadiz. The Spanish brigantine Constitucion, 12 guns, was at Vigo. On the 2lst, 5.30 a.m., the Madrid spoke the Tagus, in Vigo Bay, on her way to Lisbon, she having been detained since the 2Uth, at 5 p.m., by thick fogs. BUSINESS AT ADELAIDE. The following is an extract from a private letter from Adelaide, dated June 1, 1353. " The demand for all kinds of goods in consequence of the different aspect put upon commercial affairs by the gold discoveries has been extremely great here, and consignees have reaped enormous profits ; and although it has sonia what subsided, there still remains and will for some aims continue to be a pretty wide outlet for the disposal of mer chandise. The English merchants who have for the last 18 months shipped for these colonies must have realised princely profits, for the proceeds of their consignments, which were invariably great, were remitted in gold, which at the period I allude to was 31. lls. per oz. Those who have been blessed with a tolerable capital during the lest two years hays increased their store to an enormous extent by purchasing gold, investing in freeholds, or on mortgage. Such people have of course tenfold advantages. We are certainly in • highly prosperous condition, but still the cry is labour. Some mechanics are actually earning as much as 21. a day s and none under 11. Every article of life is enormously high. " Our last advice from England inform us of the death of Mr. Sine!lie, our Advocate-General, while on a conti. nental tour, and Mr. Hanson has been gezetted as Advo cate-General until her Majesty's pleasure be known. It is expected here that his appointment will be confirmed by the Duke of Newcastle. Mr. Hanson is a thorough libe. ral. There has been a hotly-contested election here. The candidates were Mr. Stephens, who has been fur eleven years the manager of the Bank of South Australia, our leading banking establishment, and Mr. Fisher, one of the first who set foot in this colony, a resident commissioner, who has figured in all the political movements of the colony, and has twice tilled the office of Mayor. Mr. Fisher haft been and is very popular. Mr. Stephens is a liberal. Not withstanding that the latter gentleman would not person. ally intivfere to secure his election and that his bank career has made him enemies, he nearly got elected, solely on account of the dislike to Mr. Fisher because of the opinions of the latter in favour of the church grant." NAVAL. PORTSMOUTH, AUG. 2 I.—The screw squadron, under the orders of Commodore Henry By.im Martin, C. 8., left Spithead this morning on a cruise for a few a eeks, It consists of the Duke of Wellington, 131, screw, thren decker, wi• h the Commander's flag fly ing ; the Agamemnoal 91, Captain Sir Thomas Maitland, C. 8.; the Imperieuas, 60, Captaia R. B. Wakan, C. 8.; Arrogant, 46, Captain Fremantle, and Desperate, 8, Captain Chambers. Tha ships now remaining at Spithead consist of the following London, 90, Captain C. Eden ; Blenheim, 60, screw, Capt. the Hon. F. T. Pelham; Magicienne, 16, paddle frigate, Capt. Fisher; Odin, 16, paddle frigate, Capt. F. Scott; Vesuvius, 6, paddle sloop, Commander Powell; Vulcan, screw transport, Commander Von Donop ; and Frani= corvette, Amazon. DEW/M.ola, A 1.70. 24.—The Sybelle, 40, Captain the Hon G. J. B. Elliot, sailed yesterday tor the East Indies. The Brisk, Commander Seymour, is now ready for sea. The Nile, screw steampacket, Captain Moppet, belonging to the British and Irish Company, which left Liverpool at half past twelve, on Sunday afternoon, reports passing a fleet of steamers, in all probability the royal squadron, which sailed from the Isle of Wight, at Ste on Sunday evening, for Holyhead. The Nile saw them all day on Monday. A long low steamer (the Fairy) was ahead, with fore and aft sails set, three other steamers fol. lowed by a thirty gun screw frigate ('he Tribune) with low funnel, under tore and aft sails and jib. Two paddle steamers, a barque and a brig, were in the rear. At sin yes. terdey evening the headmost vessel was bearing away for the Twitter Light, and the stern steamer was some twelve or foureen miles north of the Longsbips. The weather perfectly calm. MILITARY. Yesterday a Court of Directors was held at tha Emu India House, when Major-General William Staveley, C. 8., was appointed Commander in-Chia of the company', forces on the Madras establishment. PLYMOUTIL—The intended dinner which the friends of Mr. C. Mare, the unsestod M.P., were to have given in honour of that gentleman, has been postponed, is consequence of Mr. Mare's present ill-health, and of 14 being about to visit the continent. CRUELTY TO ANIMALS AT BRIGIITON.—NOME- nous CONVICTION9.—On Monday, Mr. Thomas, secretary to the Reyal S .ciety for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animal., appeared at the Town Hall, Brighton, before Mr. Barrer and other magistrates, to prosecwe several persons for cruelly ill-treating their horses, The following persons were convicted upon the evidence of Richard Sinclair, an officer now stationed at Brighten :—Samuel Steers, of Brighton, omnibus proprietor, convicted of causing a home to he cruelly ill-treated. Fined 205., and 12s. costs. The fine waspaid.—Edw. Carlton, of 17, Eastern-road, Brighton, was convicted of cruelly beating and otherwise ill-treating • horse. Fined 20e, and 12a. costs, or twenty-one days and hard labour.—William Gandy, fly-owner, for the sass class of offence, the like fine and costs, or fourteen days to hard labour.—John Butcher, Hy-owner, 5.., and 12.. costs. Fine paid.—Samnel Swift, 16, Francis-street, Brighton. 10s., and 12s. costs. Fine paid.—John Message, of Sun street, Brighton, omnibus del. er, 55., and 12s. costs. Paid. —William Pont, of Id, Newhaven-street, Brighton, for working a horse with four raw places rubbed by the bar net., lds and 12s. eons, or fourteen days and hard labour. —John Bignell, carman, for beating and torturing • horse. Lis., and 12s. costs, or fourteen days hard labour. These numerous convictions have given the greatest satisfaction to the visitors and residents of the town, who now hop* that a permanent stop may be put to the gross and most disgusting barbarity daily practised upon the poor wretched Ihorses used in the hackney conveyances for pleasure and otherwise.