The Express. — London, England, 1853-10-05 00:00:00

Ette erprtoo. TO COMIESPONDENTS. A Ste"J F 'Aim% of . •Tho Eipire.s."eociuifenx tbo ovule r I . l lmg's ••1; aktte."l.4 rubagied every Tuerlay asd E, Jay n:g4t, for {wt. - - 4ierrU. orr!sneendal for "'The En;.rest," London E.. WWI be rt the °eke. W. lionverie.3trett, Two Ls the day 01 pubatioe. HIGH WATER AT LONDON 111:ID , .E. T 1314 D43-31,rnabi, 31. rn Pm Tab —1:or u.b3. 4b. Afte.b 41un, 4h. 1,0. LO DOS, WEDNESD.IY, OCTOBER 3. IT is desirable that there should be no mistake with respect to the exact nature of the news of a projected declaration of NA rat Constantinople, which we pub lished yesterday. The different statements which have been put in cii t :::ation on this head arc derived from retirees which have nothing else in common but their conveyance by electric telegraph from Vienna. The intimation received at the Fureign office, and at score of the Foreign Enursiits, is simply that the Great Council of the Ottoman Em pire had resole( a to advise tho BVLTAN to declare war against Russia. Other information—promulgated ostensibly on the authority of some unofficial telegraphic message—goes to affirm that the SULTAN had actually signed a declaration of war. This latter account is liable to suspicion from difficul ties as to the time for conveying it from Constanti nople to Trieste ; from the fact that there has been of late a regular manufactory of alarming and exagge rated rumours at Trieste; and also from its having been published along with some reports of actual hostilities which could no: possibly have been brought by the same route, yet were so printed as to have the appearance of resting on the same autho rity. The only intelligence, therefore, that at present appears to ho entitled to any credence is, that the Great Council had recommended a declaration of war. This restricted version of the story appears liable to no other doubt than arises from the obscurity which uniformly, if not necessarily, attaches to the curt phraseology of the electric telegraph. A day or two must probably elapse before the detailed expla nation is brought by a human messenger, who, if he move more tardily than the electric spark, can at least carry more bulky and more explicit messages. That even the official version of the story increases the probability of a warlike solution of the Eastern difficulties there is no doubt; but in this there is no cause for panic. This contingency, however deprecated, has all along been contem plated as possible, and should it come will be met without any flutter of the national pulse. The agita tion of the public securities yesterday is no index of the national feeling; fur the funds are proverbially as nervous and vapourish as a fine lady. The Ministers at present in town have been assembled to deliberate on this news. The meeting can scarcely have been a very pleasant one. No English Minister likes to look tho contingency of war closely and directly in the face. In the first place, the responsibility is in reality onerous enough to weigh upon the spirits of any man. In the second place, JOHN BULL, however enthusiastic he may be at the outset of a popular war, is very apt to get tired of it when the bills come to be paid, or any temporary reverses occur, and to blame Ministers for doing what he entirely sanctioped. But worse than either of these considerations some, at least, of the Ministers present must have felt painfully that to their own half-hearted, undecided policy was wholly and solely owing the possibility of all their fine-spun negotiations ending in • war. We explained yes terday bow the lowered tone of Russia and the professed readiness of Austria to act once more in concert with the Western Powers, was owing entirely to the conviction which the failure of Count BRENTANO'S wind-raising mission had flashed upon the EMPLIIOII and CZAR of the impossibility of replenishing their exhausted treasuries. Had those two Powers been sooner put to the push, they would sooner have discovered that they cannot well afford to go to war. In that case their re treat before a determined expression of will by France and England would have been unqualified, Now, the vanity of Russia (at least) has been brought into play. Its retreat will be too obvious for its proud stomach. There will be haggling, and it may be a brief local war on the Danube to save ap pearances; for a pampered despot does not for a mo meet weigh the sufferings and bereavements of other men in the balance against his own wayward will. As RADLURT laid, however, " the battle will be brief" (der Kampf wird kurtz win). The battle, indeed, to which he referred, is not yet fought out, and his declaration was premature. But any war in which Russia may, to save appearances, engage with the Porte, and its allies, must be brief on ' account of the condition of the Russian treasury. We urge this not as a reason why France and England should stand true to their engagements with Turkey. We do not even lay so much stress as some do upon the treaty-engagements which bind these powers to support Turkey ; except in so far u the observance of treaty stipulations is indispen sable to the existence of a system of international law, as opposed to a state of international anarchy. We rest the obligation of England and France to support the independence and integrity of the Otto- man empire against Russian aggression, upon its being necessary to the defence of civilisation, impe rilled by a threatened irruption of barbarism. There are two causes which ought to be sacred in the eyes of every European of this age. The first and holiest is the individual liberty of the citizen, guarded and regulated by constitutional laws. The second is national independence as necessary to pro- tect parliamentary government where it exists, or to promote its development where it has yet to be called into being. The enemies of the one are the enemies of the other. The ultimate object of the BOURBONS, when they trampled down the national indepen dence of Spain, of the HAPSBURGS when they trode out the spark of national independence in Naples, was to sweep from the earth prin ciples and institutions the mere existence of which might inspire emulation in their own subjects. The object of the House of Rostaszow in attacking Turkey is to gain a vantage ground, whence it may at any time march to assail constitu tional antes in Europe. In England we are called upon to support Turkey both by our devotion to the cause of individual liberty apd national indepen dence; in France they are called upon by at least the latter consideration. The European civilisation, at the head of which the French and English nations stand, is threatened by Russia. Our English Ministers are, of course, likely to persist in their taciturnity as regards the course they intend to pursue. It is of no use repeating the reasons that render this inconsistent with the frank understanding which ought to exist between a free people and its Government A day of reckoning will come at last. If the policy of Ministers shall then appear to have been worthy of the nation, their reti awe will doubtless be forgotten and forgiven. But if their silence shall prove to have been a cover to a policy which they must have known would outrage national feelings, the retribution will be increased tenfold. THE ('ASE OF RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION IN TUSCANY. , To THR EDltotr. VI CHI EXTRIM SlB,-1 should not have now addressed you on the subject of the treatment of Miss Cunning hame by the Tuscan authorities, had I not per oeived in the Morniny P"..t of Tuesday, Sept. 20, a letter, written by some person at the baths of Lucca, the statements made in which are so very far from being true, and so likely, if uncontradicted, to produce evil effects, that I am compelled, malting moi, to rush into print, be it merely to correct the errors of the Lucca correspondent, whore desire to throw into contempt the proceedings of others has led him to distort facts and garble state_ meats. lie safe: "An English lady., Miss Cnn niughame, some few days back, committed the great imprudence of distributing protestant tracts in the neighbouring village of Lugliano. Some of the in habitants warned her of the impropriety of her pro- ceedings, and protected her from the exasperated feelings of others of the peasants who were preparing to pelt her with stones, and seriously to injure her." Now, sir, the exasperated peasants, and the threat ened ill-usage are creations of the fertile brain of the Morning Post correspondent. No peasants have shown any angry feeling. No insults have been offered to any English lady under any circumstances. It is true that some tracts on religious subjects had been dispersed amongst the peasantry, and had been received with gladness instead of exciting indigna tion. 'These tracts Miss Cuuninghame is accused of having distributed, but the charge remains yet to be proved. The tracts in question, some of which i have been seized, treat of religious subjects, but are in nowise controversial ; even the priest who examined them acknowledged the harmless nature of their contents, and the excellent tendency of the doctrine inculcated. In my former letter I was in advertently led into the error of asserting that defies Cunningham° had acknowledged the justice of the accusations brought against her. Miss Cuuninghame is a sincere protestant, and would doubtless willingly see the progress of the faith she professes and be lieves to bo the pure one, and would also doubtless gladly avail herself of any means in her power to assert the truth of the word of God, and the immense privilege of reading the Bible. To all this she would, I am sure, willingly and boldly testify; but the acts charged against her have yet to be proved. I will now, sir, just for the sake of argument, sup pose that they can and will be proved. Even in such a ease will any one, even a Roman catholic the moat bigoted and fanatic, approve of the course pursued by the Grand Duke of Tuscany, or justify the treatment which this unfortunate lady has received ? For the honour of humanity we will hope that the Morning Pose correspondent is the sole person who could write what follows: "No ono can for one moment entertain a doubt as to the gross culpability of Miss Cunninghame's proceedings" proceedings which, if brought to proof, would, as he kindly in forms us in u preceding sentence, " lay her open to a punishment of from five to ten years' imprisonment with hard labour." It seems almost incredible that is the closing half of the 19th century a government can be , found to frame such a code of laws, or a people to submit to them ; and still more incredible, that one belonging to a free land, enjoying full liberty of con science, and every facility for the expression of his feelings, should be found base enough to endeavour to uphold by his pen, and to justify so barbarous 1 and brutal an application of them. Five to ten years' imprisonment, with hard labour, for having attempted to awaken an interest on reli gious subjects in the mind of a fellow -creature, perhaps weak and erring as oneself, but without the same inestimable privilege of reading the word of God, and turning to it for comfort and assistance— even granting that the protestant mode of salvation is wrong—that the Bible should be a sealed book— that our prayers and supplications should be ad dressed to the Virgin Mary or the calendar of saints, male and female, through the mediation of the parish priest, or by any other devious and doubtful route, rather than the simple and ever ready way so merci fully pointed out to us by the Lord himself ! Sup posing, I say, that . protestantism is in error, and Roman catholicism right, surely the punishment of from five to ten years' imprisonment with hard labour (the general sentence awarded to a murderer under extenuating circumstances) is a little severe treat ment for a difference in opinion or an error in judg ment. Would not even the lightest punishment fall but too heavily for such a crime on a weak, defence less woman and a stranger ? Would not even one day's estrangement from a sick and suffering went (for Miss Cunninghame's mother is, it is feared, on the bed of death) be too severe a punishment for the transgression of a law which only came into operation twelve days before the time when it is alleged the infraction of it took place ? Would not even the mere preparatory stages of this cruel case, the public seizure, the unfeeling preparations, the hurried departure, be a more than sufficient infliction for a far more heinous crime, without the prospect of a protracted imprisonment in a foreign land, and the fearful knowledge that the fact alone of such imprisonment would in all human probability sever asunder the slight thread of life which connects a beloved mother with this world? Sure am I, that through the length and breadth of England, and the United States will arise a cry of shame and honest indignation at the conduct of the Grand Duke of Tuscany. Can even be, wedded as he is to his own short-sighted and fatal policy, imagine for a moment that converts can be made, or waverer. secured by such acts of cruelty and despo tism? Does he never scaa the pages of the past? Is the history of religious and political persecution unknown—the unfailing sequel unheeded? Is every book that can instruct or elevate a sealed one ? Weak man ! know that acts like these make weeders—not converts ; confirm waverer., do not intimidate them. The tears shed by the Madiais during their long and weari some confinement have watered a fruitful and a grateful soil. The harvest is already ripe, and the reapers are ready—no extraneous miasmic is needed —there is no blunting out Miss Cunninghamee; no seeking in foreign lands aid which the native soil affords not. No; the Grand Duke himself is the husbandman; he sows the seed. and he will reap the harvest. One word more respecting inaccuracies con tained in the letter from Lucca. The writer speaks "of the indignation of Italians at the attempt made to seduce the people from their faith." So far from this being the case, I positively affirm that the Grand Duke stands alone, and that the line he has chosen gives serious uneasiness to the members of his government, and that they, as well as all educated Italians, would gladly hail a more liberal and en lightened policy. I cannot conclude this letter without bearing will ing and grateful testimony to the able and energetic oondnot of the lion. Camp bell Seerlett, her Britannic Majesty's Charge d'Affaires in Tuscany. I do not pre tend to be in his confidence, or to be able to penetrate all diplomatic secrets, but you may, sir, rely upon the information which enables me to affirm that no means have been neglected by Mr. Scarlett to obtain in the first instance the young lady's immediate release, and when that failed, to alleviate her painful and trying situation. His in terviews with the Minister for Foreign Affairs have been frequent, his remonstrances urgent. He has communicated more than once with the Grand Duke, through his royal highness's private secretary, but has, I fear, failed to mitigate his obstinacy, or melt his obduracy. lam informed—and I believe cre dibly so—that representations have been made in a very high quarter; in one, indeed, where the influ ence used would be almuet irresistible, even with the Grand Duke, and that the result, though still doubt ful, is not altogether hopeless. Th us muc h i n j ust i ce to her Majdsty's representative ; for rumour is gene rally as ill-naturedand unjust as it is universally exaggerated. Nothing in fine can exceed the inte rest evinced in the ease by Mr. Scarlett, and the ability displayed by him. Let us hope that he will be well seconded and sustained at home. Florence, Sept. 27. CIS IS. Tin CRYSTAL PALACE, SI tf k ~ r THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 5, 1853. LATEST FROM THE CONTINENT. ■LICTRIC TIMM:MATH ) FRANCE. PARIS, MUD IT EVINtNG. The Bonne to day has been exceedingly agitated by unfavourable news from Constantinople via Vienna. The final quotations at official hours show a fall from yesterday's prices of 11 per cent. in the Threes, and of 1 per cent. in the Four-and-a-Half per Cents. Closing prices:—Three per Cent. Rentes, 74.10; Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 100.:10; Bank Shares, 2,800. VIENNA, bIoxDAT Evz.vnio. The Bourse has been excited today by the state ment that the Porte has declared war against Russia. The funds have declined, and the exchange on London has risen. Five per Cent. Metallic; 92; Bank Shares, 1,320; exchange on London, 10.50. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. Yesterday we stated in our entire impression that a telegraphic despatch had been received from Con stantioople announcing that the Sultan had declared war against Russia on the 27th ult. We added that the news came from "an excellent source, and was believed by parties of high standing io monetary circles;' but that, notwithstanding this, the facts were probably somewhat exaggerated. During th e . last twenty-four hours the same news has been several times repeated from Vienna in pri vate despatches, without, however, tither gaining or losing in point of authentication. What makia the announcement much easier of belief is certain 11. - !..lligence of the proceedings of the Sultan's grand council on the 26th ult. In that rarely-convoked assembly, where whatever is greatest and most revered in the Ottoman state is fully re presented, and where the monarch seeks advice from all who have attained to eminence in the publio service, the position of the Sultan, I his territory invaded, his people wounded in their independence, was seriously debated, and in the end it was revolved, seeing that all offers of accommodation had been rtjected, that war alone could terminate a state of things so intolerable. But immensely as this resolution increases the probabi lity of war, the despatch announcing that a declara tion had been signed must rest on its own evidence. To resolve war is not to declare it, and the firmest resolutions may be changed. Moreover, the respon sibility of an ultimate decision lies not with the Or..nd Council, numbering some 130 members, but with the ministers of state actually holding office, and in number not exeeeding twelve or fifteen indi viduals. It is needless to add, that the statement under consideration can derive no collateral support from the rumours mentioned in some despatches from Vienna that hostilities have already broken out. Such hostilities, had they taken place, could not have taken place in consequence of anything re 'solved on at Constantinople on the 27th, and both reports must, therefore, rest on their own merits. It would be equally erroneous to connect the departure of the Emperor of Austria and the King of l'russia for Warsaw from their respective capitals with the news from Constantinople, the appointment of those journeys having been known here several days since. The serious character of the intelligence from Con stantinople of course diminishes the comparative importance of that last received from ()blintz. Should. however, the European ambassadors at the Porte have succeeded in delaying the declaration of war advised by the Turkish Grand Council, the propositions entertained at Olmntz will recover their value. At present theT exist only in the form of propositions which France and England are at liberty to reject or approve, if indeed they have not already done so. Circumstances had greatly changed (apart from the rumours of the last two days) since the proposal of a collective declaration was first made upon the rejection oftheTurkish modification s,and it would not be surprising if the two cabinets should decline to commit the cause which they have made their own to the dilatory handling of the former conference. It is understood that Lord Westmore land last week communicated the result of the con ference to the government by telegraph, and he is doubtless by this time in possession of his instruc tions on this head. The following letter from our Constantinople cor respondent has been delayed through some cause as yet unexplained ; its intelligence, however, reaches us at a most seasonable moment, when reliable in formation respecting public feeling in Turkey is necessary to a due estimation of the telegraphic despatches: CONSTANTINOPLE, fixer. D. The answer of the Russian cabinet is hourly ex pected, and which, if unfavourable, it is generally supposed, will lead without delay to the most serious results. It is impossible much longer to restrain the popular extsperation, and within these last few days the chiefs of the Esnaf presented petitions to the Sul tan, to the Grand Vizier, and to the National Coun cil, urging in the strongest terms to commence hos tilities, and consider as a casus belli the invasion of the Principalities. The petitioners were referred to the Sheik-ul-Islam as the head and expounder of the law, who used all the arts of persuasion to induce them to return peaceably to their homes, and leave the national honour and dignity safe in his hands. On this assurance they were required to declare on oath that they would use their best endeavours to appease their dependents, but they intimated that there were little hopes of being enabled to do so much longer, inasmuch as their territory had been in vaded, the national honour and dignity insulted, and the public law of Europe openly violated by the atrocious acts of the Czar. The fact is, the most serious conwquences of popu lar indignation had been apprehended oa the festival of the Kurban Berm, and the police reports, it is said, were of the most alarming nature. Lord Red cliffs and Monsieur de la Cour, having been, it ap pears, officially informed of this circumstance, re mained in close conference till two o'clock in the morning of Saturday, the 12th inst. It was notified to them that the beraskier was at the head of this popular movement, that the whole force of the exe cutive was in his hands—the fleet, the army, and the police entirely at his disposal—in short, that the government was no longer muter of the situation. The object in view was to place Aziz Effendi, the heir apparent, on the throne, and depose the Sultan, who, in consequence of his weak and vacil lating attitude in the present difficulty, was no longer worthy of the notices' confidence. The two ambassadors, with a view to the preservation of order, and being prepared for every eventuality, decided on des pa tching M. Benedetti, the French Secretary of Embassy, to Beaika, requiring the admirals to send up, without delay, four ships of the line, with some steamers, from the combined fleets. The admirals, however, considered sufficient for every purpose a reinforcement of four steam frigates, in addition to five already in port, and which forthwith were sent up accordingly. It is understood that the Grand Vizier and Res chid Pacha had decided on advising the Sultan to exile the Seraskier, with the principal chiefs of the war party, and thus paralyse the action of the masses. It is unnecessary . to say that the Seraskier diselaims all treasonable intentions, and that he has been animated throughout these negotiations with the most conciliatory dispositions, and the desire for a pacific solution, as far as consistent with the na tional honour and dignity. . . - - I give you this report from a respectable source, although I discredit altogether the treasonable in tentions imputed to the &Junkier. A near relative of mine, who hu known him from his earliest years, assures me that ho is entirely devoted to the Sultan, a true patriot, a deadly enemy of Rus sia, a man of energy and courage, and firmly attached to England and her policy. His I faith, however, in British professions, as I well as that of the Osmanlis in general, has been considerably weakened by the miserable policy of the Aberdeen administration, and w hi c h, in fact, is a general object of comment and contempt. Lord Palmerston's noble speech, which is in the mouth of every Turk, shows him, it is true, a splendid and honourable exception to the rule. The camp and city resound his praise, and the ardent prayer of every Osmanli is that he may be soon again at hie old post of foreign affairs. The cholera is at Odessa, and, by a decision of the Council of Health, of the lith inst., Russian arrivals by sea and lend are to I perform quarantine. Orders to this effect hale been transmitted in all directions; and the measure, if it have no other effect, will at least keep off from the left bank of the Danube Russian spies and emu-1 =ries. A =respondent writes: BUCHAREST, SkTT 22. "A few days ego the Prince of Coburg and the Duke de Nemours arrived here, alighted at the Europa Hotel, and have now left us for Jassy. " Our political and military situation are alike uncertain, and no one knows what a day may bring forth. Upon one point only are all agreed, namely, that the departure of the Russians is for the present utterly out of the question. The first consequence of this belief is an advance in the price of all the', necessaries of life. The commander of the Walla chian forces lately applied to the ministry for a con- siderable supply of wood ' for the use of the troops ! of the regency stationed on the Danube.' People here, however, persist in believing that this demand is really made in favour of the Russian soldiery, and they are meat likely right. "Last week Prince Gortschakoff received de spatches from fit. Petersburg, by special courier, and imm •diately tho report was circulated that the Danube was to be crossed immediately. The de parture of the commander-in-chief on the following day was regarded as a confirmation of the rumour, but he returned hither two days afterwards, and it appeared that he had only been mustering the troops at Oltensa. " Three days ago eight squadrons of hussars and a park of artillery arrived here from Purlita and Draganesehti. 'the hussars left on the nt.:st day for Maguerto, and the artillery was stationed at Pantri litron, about four miles from here. The Russian troops have been moved up from Scherkinetschin to Kalafat, on the Danube, over against Widdin. " Eight days ago, it is said, two Russian officers at Giutgeno rowed over to ltustschuk in a boat, and were well received by the Turks, because they belonged to the Circassian corps. I have before told you that desertions had become very frequent in the Russian army, even among the officers, and that it is generally punished with death. Sickness, too, is increasing very fast. Intermittent fever is cape ! cially prevalent, and I am told that the number of invalids is not less than 10,000, although this state ment is probably exaggerated. That the number is very great is pretty evident, from the fact that in Bucharest we have nearly 2.000 men in the various ihospitals." FRANCE. PARIS, NoNDAT EVENINO. All the latest news received here has a very oppo site tendency to that of the Assembler. A telegra phic despatch from Berlin, dated only yesterday, states that the King of I'ruasia has gone to Warsaw. This, at the present crisis, is a most important piece of intelligence. It destroys the value of all the infe rences drawn from his absence, and tends to esta blish the accuracy of the German journals, which assert positively that an entente cordiale was ef fected between the three northern powers at 01- mutz. Again, a letter from Olmutz, in the Lloyd of Vienna, ea). :—" Only Count Nesselrode, Count Buol de Schaucnstein, and Baron de Mcyendorff, took part in the conferences properly so called. There were some conversations in which the other diplomatists at Olmutz took part, bat they had no connexion with the conferences." This, coupled with the careful assertion that Lord Westmoreland war at Olmutz as an officer, and not as an ambassa dor, shows how completely France and England were considered to be kept at arms' length while the military sovereigns made their own • arrangements. The Paris Prase of this evening says it is assured that all the reports of a reduction,intheAustrian army are unfounded; and that so far from this being the case, all the Austrian soldiers on furlough have been ordered to join their regiments. Moreover the editors of the Vienna papers have been sent for by the police, and ordered not to notice any move ments of troops in the Austrian empire. Notwith standing aU this, it is more than probable that some new bait for diplomacy was devised at Olmutz. The Czar is not bigoted to any particular form of words eo long as he gains his ends in sub stance. The Assnib/a is not alone in suggesting something of this kind. The Correspondanec Au trichienne of the Ist says that a new arrangement was come to at Olmutz, and will be offered to the Porte ; but it is evident that the arrangement here spoken of was the work of Russia herself, and that France and England were no parties to it. It is curious that the Assembke, which now speaks of the Conference of Vienna as being re-established, has never admitted that it was dissolved. On the contrary, it maintained that the conference had merely ceased to act because its mis sion was at an end. While on this subject I must notice that the Russian party in Paris ostentatiously say that the Czar will not resent the frigates going to Constantinople, because they were sent merely to protect the Christian residents. This explanation was, I have no doubt, given in the first instance. But certainly no such excuse has been made for the subsequent order given for the entry of the entire fleets. We do not yet know what the Emperor Nicholas will say to this, but we may be very sure that, if in the step alluded to by the Assembler he may have shown any apparent moderation, he will assume the position of an ill used person, and endeavour to make out, as hitherto, that the allies of Turkey are the aggressors. The Constilutionncl says: "It is positively stated that the cabinets of London and of Paris have just sent off simultaneously for SG Petersburg cabinet couriers, who are supposed to be charged with import ant communications. They have orders to evince as much promptitude as possible in their journey, and it is supposed that they will be in St. Petersburg on the 6th inst. The lifondeur de !'Oise states that the Emperor and the Empress are expected at Compitlgne about the Bth inst. The municipal council has voted a sum of 4,000 fr. for the proper reception of their Majesties. The Independanee Beige says that a mimage is about to be solemnised between one of Queen Chri stina's daughters and the son of the Duke de Casig- Rano (of the princely house of Corsini), Minister of Foreign Affairs in Tuscany. The betrothed pair were, it says, together at the opera the other night, in the imperial box, with Queen Christina, and at tracted general attention on account of their engage ment being known. The Independance, which has always descredited the report of an alliance between Prince Napoleon and one of Queen Christina's daughters, now professes to be unable to say whether the future Duchess of Casigliano is the same young lady who was destined for Prince Napoleon. The Prefect of the Pas de-Calais has dissolved the Municipal Council of Alontreuil-ear-Mer, on the grounds of its having shown resistance to tho mea -1 of the superior authorities. A commission has been formed to perform temporarily the functions of the council. One of the complaints made of the council is a refusal to use the word "deiwucnient" in an address to the Emperor. The receipts of the custom house at Havre during the last month amounted to 3,043,980 fr. In Septem ber, 1832, they were 2,833 , 041 fr. In September, 182, the amount of drawback was 6,773 fr., whereas during September, 1833, it has been 17,401 fr. It is stated that the naval squadron under the orders of Admiral Charner, has received from the Minister of Marine orders to proceed to Cherbourg as soon as the weather permits. The Satellite receives concurrent intelligence from Moldavia and Wallachia, that new bodies of Russian troops aro continually moving towards the Danube. Whole caravans of bullock carts incessantly convoy munitions of war from Bessarabia into the Princi palities. The correspondent of the Trieste Gazette writes from Constantinople on the 19th, that the lilemas, in urging the Porte to vindicate the national honour by war, declared that they were anxious that the persons and property of their Christian fellow-subjects should not be in the least injured ; that on the contrary, they were ready to act in the spirit of the precept in the Koran, which enjoins that the Christians shall be treated as brethren. - The Presse of Vienna has the following from Con stantinople, dated the 19th ult. : The late of Kurban Bairam has passed off with the greatest calm. The energetic attitude of the government in presence of the war party has greatly contributed to thi► result. Measures had been taken for the protection of the quarters inhabited by Christiana. The Sheik of Islam had an audience of the Sultan, the result of which tended greatly to calm the public mind. The Sultan is reported to have said at this audience that if religion ehould require it be would place himself at the head of the uati•at, but he added that he did not yet see that rel; . ;: was in peril. The Sheik ul Islam again went to the Sultan after the receipt of the news of the rejection of the snAifications or the note 44 Vienna by Russia. to represent to him once mare that the quarrel was still political, and that so long as things should remain in that state he would use ail h.s efforts to arrange the difference in a manner compatible with the interests or his throne. After this conversation, an arrange merit was cuncluded between the war and peace parties, and it was decided to wMt for the arrival of the despatches which the ambassadors were to receive on the 23rd. Lord Bedell& has frequent con ferences with Rescbid kasha, and he is also frequently seen with the Grand Seraskier. :He endeavours, it is said, to bring about a reconciliation betwee n the two ratesineu. It is announced that the sending of reit:dorm meats to the army of the Danube has been suspende d. It is thought that the Turkish army of Rouruelia is strong enough to defend the Balkans, but reinforcements are sent to the army of Asia. There are 11:0,000 men on the frontiers corn. minded by refugees. Thu following is an extract front the petition presented to the Sultan by the Claims :—" The Sultan will not abase Mintier so fur as to recognise the °Mears as masters of the believers throughout the empire. The descendant of the prophet has alone tho right to com mand. The Ulemas, the faithful guardians of the Koran, attest that they are truly devoted to the Sultan, and that they are ready to sacrifice for him their life anti property, and to empl-y every means to induce the true believers to fight for their master, their prophet, their God, and their Emperor, agaiust the haughty Gilman', and they hope that God and his prophet will accord them the victory. Let the Sultan consider, thet full of confidence in God and his prophet, he is not warranted in showing any weakness at the moment when armed squadrons are collected ar nod him from all parts of the empire to defend him. Were he to content to yield to the dogs of Christians he would he responsible therefore before God and his prophet. Let the Sultan remove from around him all cowards, and retain the brave, who, like the lion, know no danat r, and let hint I place himself at their head against the enemy, who will fly like the night before the day, and as straw is dispersed by I a blast of wind. Courage, Sultan !" The address ternii ' nates in the following words: " God and the prophet aid u.. Ilia standard precedes us, and his servants still live. Praise be to God, to the seventh Heaven, and to the pro. phet! " This address had caused great uneasiness. Even preparations were made to proceed to Adrianople in case of an outbreak, but everything became calm. SWITZERLAND. For several days, says a correspondent, dating Berne, Sept. 30, we have seen numerous groups of Austrian workmen wandering through our streets. having come to Berea to have their passports risrd at the bureau of the Austrian embassy. Most of them look exceedingly downcast, at being suddenly forced to leave their employmeut, and give up u comfortable living, to go back to Austria. The Federal Council of Switzerland gave, on the 29th ult., its annual dinner to the members of the diplomatic corps. The Ministers of France, Eng land, and Sardinia, and all the attack's were present, the whole number of guests being about sixty. The Ministers of Austria and Prussia were not at the dinner, the first being in ill humour about Ticino, and tho second about Neufchatel. All the members of the Federal Council were present, except M. Munzinger. M. de Salignac-FCM!lon, Minister of France, was on the right of M. Neeff, the President of the Federal Council. M. Druey sat between that Minister and Count de Gobineau, the First Secretary of Embassy of France. ITALY. -4. - The Parlament° of Turin, of tho 30th ult., an nounces that Count d'Appony, the Austrian Minister, would depart, on the following day, on an unlimited leave of absence. Tho Divisional Council of Genoa had received a communication from the Marquis Camillo Pallavi cino relative to the National Guard, the object of which was to suppress the obligation of serving in that militia, and to convert it into a corps of volun teers. Last year the marquis already brought for ward the proposition which he renewed this session. Combated by the lutcnclunt-General. it was not taken into consideration by the Cdtincil. We read in the Echo della Borsa of Milan : . . On Monday evening sax men, armed with daggers, at tacked a caleche, at a short distance from the Roman gate, and robbed the gentlemen and ladies who were in it. A patrol of gendarmes happening to arrive at the moment pursued the banditti, and took three of them prisoners. One of the gendarmes was dangerously wounded in the encounter. General Baron de Stnrmer, governor of the fortress of Peschiera, died on the 26th._ Accounts 'from Florence of the 27th state that the works of the Central ltailway were rushed IN ith the utmost activity on several points of the Appcnines, near La Porretta. They, however, offered consider able difficulties, and it was considered indispensable to construct three long tunnels and several smaller ones. According to letters from Itome, an English com pany had applied to the Pope for the concession of a railway between Ancona and Brindisi, passing or not passing through Rome. The government had appointed a commission to examine the project. The Leo dell Everett:a of Naples, of the 22nd, states that since the publication of the royal decree SPAIN. •••• The Madrid journals of the 28th ult. state that the ex-minister of marine, M. Doral, had published the memoir prepared by him for the congress on the coal contract affair. The Duke de Montpeusier had gone to Seville to prepare his palace of San Telmo for the reception of certain members of his family, who are to pass the month of October with him. It was said that the minister of war intended to re-organise the army by dividing the infantry regiments into batta lions and increasing the grenadiers and light infan try. A letter says " One of the first measures pub lished by the Gazette will be the convocation of the Cortes. This will put an end to the recriminations of the oppositlon. The Marquis de Mani, the new minister of marine, has arrived here. Con trary to what was said yesterday, General Ler sundi, the ex-President of the Council, has declined to accept the Captaincy-General of Seville, to which he was nominated. His resignation, and that of General de la Concha, have been accepted by the go vernment. It is not yet known who will be named to the directorship of cavalry and to the captaincy general of Seville, which is the most important after that of Madrid, on account of its being the residence of H.R.H. the Duchess do Montpeneier. Some changes are to take place in our diplomatic body. M. Soule, the United States Minister, is expected this evening; the government has resolved to receive him as the envoy of a friendly government, and it will await his acts." A decree of the Spanish government decides that foreign steamers of 400 tons and upwards, inclusive of the machinery, shall be subjected to the duty set down in Art. 45 of the tariff, namely, 37f. 26c. the 1,000 kilogrammes. Another decree orders that wines of all kinds imported into Spain in half bottles shall be subjected to the duties set forth for cham pagne in Art. 1310 of the tariff, namely, 72c. when brough in Spanish bottoms, and 94c. in foreign bot toms and by land. the whole of the been ieleeted from the London Fire Ea A , /Mbliehfitoat loft th• aM took up their new gears= at as Crystal Palms, Bydasham. The works being suflitiestly advanced es to be awiauui insecure with out a body of firemen to be pelmet VI MAW assistance in the event of a An breaking oat ki sob a vast establish ment, more especially as so many emposters and builders are constantly employed in the building. As yet no resi dence or sleeping apartments have MSS formai in the Palate for the use of the firemen, but aldose Imo hem hired for their temporary accommodatim awe Ibe GERMANY. " It must not be believed," says the PO3i Gazette of Frankfort, " that the Roast* affair has been aban doned. The Austrian government, on the contrary, occupies itself with it with a good deal of ardour, and the diplomacy of other governments very energeti cally supports it. The Russian government in par ticular has sent a note to its chargé d'affaires in Washington to be presented to the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, in which the pretensions of Austria are strongly supported, and the admission of them is stated to be a condition sine yua non of the continuance of international relations. _ . The Koseta affair must needs be something to which Koesta himself is not necessary, since Austria has certainly surrendered that personage to his trans atlantic claimants. The Post tiazette has lately en titled itself to the best information which the Rus sian chancery at Frankfort can give it respecting the Czar's intentions upon any point ; it is, however, too much to pretend that Russia is going to break of re lations with the United States for a theory of inter national etiquette. The Post Gazette, by the way, gives out that henceforth it will cease to be so speci fically Austrian as it has been for some years. GLASGOW AND SOCTD-WESTERN RAILWAY.— Traffic for the week ending Oct. 1, 18.53, 5,3951. 2s. 05. Corresponding week, 1852, 4,8881. 4s. 115. Increase in 1853, 5061.175. 15.—N0 race meeting at Ayr in correspond ing week last you. Vbe Court. -4.---- BALMORAL, OCT 3. Her Majesty and Prince Albert attended Divine Sersico yesterday in the parish chareh of Crathie. _ .. The service was performed by the Rev. Archibald Ander son. In attendance were the Viscountess Canning, the lion. Dlsry Bußee), Col. the Bon. C. B. Phipps, c„ , ,. t i i , Hon. Alexander Gordon, and Sir James Clark. Her Majesty and His Royal Highness dined at Aber. geldie in the evening with the Dllellecri of Kent. The quarterly meeting of the C••nttniesionne for the Re. ducti-m of the National lh bt was held yesterday at the official real tence of the Cainceller of the Exchequer i n Dawning•street. The Commissioners present were the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Governor of the Bank of England, and the Deputy-Governor. Sir Alexander Svear. rasu, Secretary and Cemitrolier-General, attended. . , ._. Despatches were st nt yesterday to the Governors cf th e Australian Colonies and to the Governor of Van Di.min's Lard from the Colri,i il-oftice. Despatches were received yesterday from the Governor of Gibraltar. THE CHANCELLOR OF THE EXCHEQUER AT MAN cies:an:lL—We understand that at a meeting of mercbams, anti others held in the Manchester Towa-hall yest , rdsy Itternoon it was resolved to invite the Welt Ron. W. E. Gladstone to a public demonstration in that city this (Wed nesday) day week. COURT OF CO3I.VON COUNCIL. -•------. Yesterday a court was held for the despatch of business. Mr. Sheriff Win) took his seat 00 tile I.gSt of the Lord .klayor. Tne Tows CLEr.s read a letter, addressed by the Lard Mayor elect to the Lord Mayor, expressing his willingcs k to discharge the duties of the attire to which he bad bkc, elected. The letter was ordered to be entered on the journals of the court. Till NEWLY ELECTED SHEITrrs Mr. Deputy Hour said, as this was the first court since the newly elected sheriffs had been sworn in, he was most anxious to know what course the court proposed to take with regard to those gentlemen. (Hear, lien.) One of them was a worthy alderman of the City ; the other, be understood, was literally a stringer, and inasmuch as it had been the practice of the ceart to deal with gentlemen in the oflictt to which Mr. Wallis was new elected, he wished to know whether he should be in order in moving that he be summon:d to the court to take his beat. (Hear.) The Louu MAYOII stated that the Usual Course hail been for some member to move that the sheriffs be showed to take their scats. Mr. Deputy Hour said he understood that Mr. Sheriff Wallis had hecu summoned to the court. Ile Low moved that that gentleman be permitted to take his seat on the bench according to custom and usage, although Oat a member of the court. (Hear, hear.) Mr. Deputy Mnowmc snJuded the motion. Mr. 13,saacx was anxious to know whether Mr. Sheriff Wallis had asked the deputy to male the motion, or whether the deputy had applied to the shcrill for perrLisdon to do solo (Laughter.) Mr. Deputy MOLT replied that he would very cheerfully answer the question. Ile knew no more of Mr. Sneritf Wallis than ho did of the greatest stranger that passed through St Paul's-churchyard. (Laughter.) If sty member of the court had anything to say against his (Mr. Deputy Mint's) proposition, he ought to come forward at once and state his reasons why the sheriff should not take his seat. Ile had no connexion with Mr. Wallis in any way whatever, but seeing that gentleman in the reading room he had asked him whether he had been summon:it to the Court of Common Council, and was answered is the atlirmative. Mr. Deputy DowEtt thought tic court ought to follow pre.tedent in the present case. The court knew nothing more than that Mr. Wallis had been elected to till the otfice of sheriff—an office of dignity—and there was no earthly reason why the motion should be objected te• (lieu, hear.) Mr. tinder-Sheriff ANWEILTON said he always liked to respect office whatever his private opinion might be with regard to the individual who filled it. Very eminently the sheriffs were called upon at a moment's notice to proct ed to the House of Commons upon the subject of the presentation of a petition, and if only one sheriff were to be found in the court, great difficulty and delay would cccur. It was with a view to obviate this inconvenience that the practice had been adopted of summoning the sheriffs to the Curt ce Common Council. (Hear, hear.) He therefore hoped that whatever private feeling gentlemen might have with re gard to the individual, they would make no objection tc ho taking his seat. (Hear, hear.) Mr. DE JERSEY supported the views expressed by Mr, Anderton. The motion was then put and carried unanimously; whereupon the mover and seconder lett the court, and shortly appeared at the bar, with Mr. Sheriff Wallis, whom they conducted to his seat. PERSONATION 01' VOTERS AT CITY ELECTILNEI. Mr. GRESHAM said he should feel obliged if tie City Solicitor would inform the court what bad become -f the directions given respecting three men, namely, Thomas Penny, James Penny, and Laurence Shaw, who on the 16th June were convicted at the Central Criminal Corn of personation at the election, he believed, of Chamberlain The court had then directed a reward to be offered fer th: detection of the persons who had been instrumental .c procuring the bribe. There had been two or three dee tions since the period in question, and the same practice had been found to be In existence. He (Mr Gresham), therefore, wished to know what adverfisementi bad been issued, and what had become of them. (Hier.) The CITY So/a:lron replied that in pursuance of the I orders of the court, advertisements had been generally cir cula•ed through the City, as well as in the districts where the parties resided who hail been instrumental in procuring the bribe, and also on the river side, the low neighbeur hoods from which it was supposed the practices complained 'of generally proceeded. He had not received any informs lion in answer to these advertisements calculated to throw any additional light upon the subject. It was perfectly well known who the man was that hired the parties to personate, but he had no means of obtaining evidence against him, except the oath of the parties them selves, who, ►lthough competent, were not credible witnesses. He (the City Solicitor) could not go into a court of justice with any expectation of convicting a man of inciting them to the commission of a crime, when they themselves stood convicted of the crime of perjury. lie had no doubt that the party whom it was well known em ployed these parties conducted a sort of trade in matters of this sort, for two of the men found guilty bad voted for one of the candidates, and another, hired and paid by the same man, had voted for the other candidate. It was therefore the same source that supplied both elections. Mr. ANDEILTON—I believe the greatest criminal is the man who found the money. (" Hear, hear," and laughter.) Mr. GRESHAM—Who is the party to whom the City Solicitor alludes as being well known ? The Cire SoLiciron—The name was stated in answer to a question at the trial at the Old Bailey. NEW ORPHAN SCHOOL. 1 The various rules and regulations as amended were agreed to, and referred back to the committee, with the exception of that relating to the election of head master, ' which will abide the result of Mr. Clilpi❑'s motion. which stands first for next court day. DEATH FRO3I LOCK-JAIV CAUSED BI" It Last evening, Mr. W. J. I'ayne, the deputy coroner, held an inquest at Guy's-hospital, on the body of Matilda Stokes, aged eleven years, who (lied in that institu tion. The deceased was the daughter of a labouring man, residing at No. 8, Queen's Head-court, Vauxhall-walk, Lambeth. On the evening of Friday, the 23rd ult., at about 9 o'clock, the inhabitants of the court were alarmed at see ing the deceased rush out of the house, enveloped in dames. Several persons ran to her assistance, and the tire having been extinguished, the poor child said that whilst her back was turned towards the fire, a spark flew out and ignited her dress. A cab was procured, and deceased was brough. to the hospital. Mr. James Henry Brooks, house surgeon, deposed that when deceased was brought into the hospital, she was most extensively burnt on the right arm, leg and thigh, and chest. She went on very well until Sunday last, when symptoms of lock jaw came on, and the deceased gradual? sank from inability to take nourishment, and died yesterday morning at nine o'clock. He assigned the cause of death to lock-jaw, brought on by burns. The Coroner having remarked on the extraordinary nature of the case--; The Jury returned a verdict of " Accidental death."