The Express. — London, England, 1847-09-03 00:00:00

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War 24 kings, in person or by deputy, assign rea sons for their acts, it is a symptom that they do not feel themselves in a position to carry matters with a high hand. It is on this account that we are glad to see the official journal at Berlin devote three mortal columns of the number published on the 30th of last month to an attempt to demonstrate that the States- General ought not to meet at certain fixed intervals. This essay satisfactorily proves two things, though the author does not seem to have been aware of it : that the government is cognizant of the general dissatis faction excited throughout the nation by the re fusal to fix a definite period within which the States-General must be alas:shied ; and that the government does not feel itself strong enough to bid defiance to this dissatisfaction. The government has begun by demonstrating in due logical form the inexpediency of annual meetings of the States-General, and will end by making them the law of the land. The government writer in the Preussische Allge meine Zedung explains very satisfactorily how par liament comes to meet annually in England. It is because parliament takes care only to vote every year the supplies required by government for the year. And parliament has it in its power to do this because the English crown has no private property. But, adds the essayist, the King of PRUSSIA has a personal revenue, by law, as much his own to dispose of at his pleasure as the private income of any of his subjects is its owner's. The King, therefore, does not require to ask money from his people annually, and cones quently does not need to meet their representatives every year. To a certain extent we incline to admit the validity of this conclusion. Revolutions or reforms rarely, if ever, give to a people, or any part of it, powers which they did not previously possess. They, in general, merely . cause powers already possessed to be legally recsed,and legitimate peaceable modes ofexercuung them enacted. The ten-pounders obtained the fran chise in 1831,beoneetheir clams was already sufficient/y influential to pack the last of the unreformed parlia ments. Whenever there mimes beyond the pale of the present franchise a class sufficiently numerous and intelligent, and possessed of sufficient property to in fluence the elections permanently, they w ill be admitted to participation in the electoral privilege, however re luctant the conservative party of the day may be—and with all due deference to more sanguine politicians, we doubt much whether any farther extension of the franchise will be made till the natural working of events brings about such a social revolution. We agree, therefore, with the writer in the Berlin journal that if the King of Prussia possesses funds that will enable him to carry on the government without as sembling his States-General annually, he will con tinue to deny himself the pleasure of meeting them so often. But here is the point on which we differ with the Prussian journalist : we have great doubts as to the King's really poseessing the fends that will enable him to carry on the government without conceding to the States-General their wish to meet at pre determined intervals. The almost universal belief Prussia, that the royal determination to allow the States-General to meet at all was motived by a felt necessity for getting money votes from them, has been strengthened by the obstinacy with which a full, explicit, and satisfactory explanation of the actual con dition of the national finances was withheld from them. If the Prussian States-General and the Prussian people are true to themselves, the time cannot be far distant when the government will feel itself compelled to allow them to meet annually. In this state of affairs it in most desirable that while on the one band not one concession is made to the court by the liberal party, that might enable it to protract the unavailing . struggle, every act and word on their part which might unn ecessarily irritate or alienate the monarch be carefully guarded . against. The liberties and the peace not only of Prus sia, but of Europe, require this self-control on their part. The King of Primal* has already conceded more to the popular will than he intended at his accession, and, how ever unwilling, he is not in &position to refuse further concessions. The House of Brandenburgh is quite as much a revolutionary dynasty as the House of Orange, or the House of Brunswick, and quite u much enthralled to the movement party of Europe as ei her of them. The Prussians are among the beet edu cated, if not, indeed, the best educated, nation in Europe. By far the greater part of the adult male population have been trained to arms. The profes sional soldiery, the men who have devoted themselves for life to a military career, form but a small propor tion of the army ; and even this class are not men upon whom an unreasoning despot could rely. The government finances are not in the moat satisfactory condition that could be imagined. The King must, ere long, come to terms with h l i l t ic tople, and some allowance may safely be for the feelings of a monarch so circumstanced— some days of grace allowed him. In the present posi tion of European affairs it is moat desirable that every inducement consistent with the rights and interests of his people should be held out to him to take a pride and pleasure-in classing himself with liberal and re forming sovereign+, like Pins IX—to gain him for an asserter of the right of every independent nation to model its own institutions on the framework of its existing social relations, free from foreign interference. WE have on a former occasion stated our ream for believing that on the abolition of settlement it will be found necessary to adopt the union, at least expe rimentally, as the area of rating. It is, however pos sible to steer an intermediate course between throw ing the burden of relief se at present on the pariah and substituting . the union for the smaller division. A calculation might be made of the sums hitherto paid by the peri sh es in a anion for some definite number of years before the change, and the future burden on the union might be distributed among them in the same proportion. This was the prin ciple adopted by Sir .1. GRAHAM in a bill for alai toting union for pariah settlement, which he brought in two or three years ago. As a permanent arrange =y however, sueh p a a n ns Eortionment would be ob unjust and inex 'ant. In the course of rim while country ' had grown into towns • astdriptdoes villages decayed, it would be impossible =lathe obsolete pemartions of taxation. A pe iesijailmmt weii lm a necessary part of mash a mess" sod is Sea end it would be necessary le heap en account of lie number and cost of the pewits relieved in behalf of every separate variah But here again a new Miss* would arise. When every pauper becomes auseable to the place in which he temporarily resides, the same claimant might in the course of a year be relieved by . the offi cer on woonnt of every parish in the union in nom *ion, nor would it be easy, when relief was given in the workhouse, to fix a peculiar liability on any par ticular parish. On the whole, we behove that it will be found that if the put burdens of parishes are to be in any way regarded in enlarging the area of taxation,it willonly be patible to do so as a lwapwaryarraniunsat to ilealH lab the twenties. All shillbis ef Wanks. Omagh Air the purpose assewdardag it awe fairly. involves an *dimßosag the relative value of ire- 1 pity, en wide all who haw previously in ; • lel* It haw ealedelsi. His hard in a popular die; Wet eppined with poor-rates to see the compara tive assimptiaa of ea adjoining close parish bat do Meese* lna been probably taken meet ae want by every how and A parsapeiwor in either pia.. 'lbw who haw tikes lenses in it Mee oast hasp hes prepared I. ply Mike Mee Ow telhey be pawns kr sompasalivesamedaillew taxation in the wealthy precincts of Hyde-park. By adopting for five years a relative sale of rating, based upon the payments of five years berme, and afterwards distributing the burdens of the union equally . among all the rate-payers within it, some I:iriximation to justice might be combined with the on of a more convenient system. re is another question connected with the aboli tion of settlement which will be found more difficult than the re-apportionment of local taxation. The check upon paapenam supplied by the vigilance of inter and rate-payers will, as we have often said, be 'Mbar destroyed. We repeat it now, not as an arcenset in favour of maintaining the power of re moval, bat for the purpose of calling attention to the nessaity of finding some substitute for it without infringing on the just claims of the poor. As unions, efriab we assume to be the rateable bodies, will have as means of discouraging the increase among them of a population likely to be chargeable, it seems probable that many . will endeavour to protect themselves, by showing greater severity than their neighbours to those whom they are compelled to relieve. When the example is set, other boards of guardians must follow it in self-defence. A liberal union will be infested with paupers, as the homes of a too benevolent old lady is generally hpunted by beggars. The reports of poor-law commissioners, and the evidence of witnesses before the poor-removal committee, are full of anecdotes as to the pre ference which the more moveable classes of poor already show for workhouses where the rations are heavy, and the task-work light. Without doing other chargeable poor . the injustice to confound them with vagrants, there is sufficient experience of their tendency to congregate wherever a lax admi nistration of relief preevaiis. The poor law of 1834 unfortunately failed to make the building of work houses compulsory, and in consequence the exertions of the conunimioners have in some places failed in persuading the rate-payers to supply so indispensable an instrument of the working of the new system. Wherever a union is without a workhouse, and con sequently subject to many of the abuses of the old law, it is found that in all the frontier parishes bor dering on better managed districts there is a constant immigration of paupers, whom only be got rid of by the power of removal, which we have throughout as sumed to be on the point of abolition. When intruding paupers can no longer be sent back to their place of settlement, every union will have to protect itself by strict management against every other ; and it seems not improbable that, while a wholesome check will be imposed on pauperism, the really deserving poor may suffer by the rivalry of dif ferent districts in discouraging intrnive elaiments. Nor is it possible to doubt that the substitution of a legal claim on the community at large for a right of relief from his own parish, sanctioned by custom and feeling, as well as by law, will be a loss to a poor man. Overseers and rate-payers have, after all, some sort of feeling for their own poor. When the act of 1846 saddled almost every parish with the burden of maintaining strangers and sojourners, it was not un usual, in defiance of the law and of Somerset-house, to relieve them more scantily, and treat them more harshly than the old lawful parish paupers—partly, no doubt, from spite against the law, but also from a disposition to dislike and maltreat the intruders disc vd effisvrer perarthirrqs: as a good-for-nothing vagabond, that is to say, from some other pariah. The anti-poor-law agitators who have recently been celebrating a premature triumph over the destruction of the law which is not destroyed, and of the commis sion which is merely changed in name, will do well to watch the tendency to increased ha rshness of ad ministration, which seems thus likely to arise from the establishment of universal liability. We shall not regret to see the law enforced with greater uni formity and more systematic adherence to its twofold purpose, of discouraging pauperism as well as of reliev ing the poor. The estab lish ment and maintenance of all practicable uniformity in the mode of administer ing it will be the only security . for the poor against a rivalsbip of severity among neighbouring boards of guardians. If all workhouses and all systems of out door relief are alike in strictness, there can be no oc casion for harshness or severity in any of them. The object should be to prevent any district from being so laxly or stringently governed as to attract or repel the poor who do not naturally belong to it. The distribution of population should be determined by the abundance of employment, and the other economical causes which ordinarily regulate it, without any interference from those who administer relief to the poor. It will become, perhaps, expedient to substitute some addi tional watchfulness in dispensing relief for the local jealousy which will no longer act in the discourage ment of pauperism. It ought net to be necessary at this time to show, that laxity in dispensing relief is an injustice to the poor as well as to the rate-payers. When the law of settlement is abolished, it will be difficult even for the peeudo-philanthropists to com plain of the watchfulness and uniformity which will be necessary to protect every several district from being overwhelmed by paupers. We cannot help it, however, if they feel aggrieved by the additional necessity for the supervision of the commission or central board, which will be created by the demand for increased uniformity of adminis tration. Unions anxious not to give others advantages over them, cannot well negotiate with all their neigh bours to settle the regulations to be generally adopted for the management of the poor. A general autho rity will be necessary . to impose the lame terms on all the different parties ; and the interference of Somerset-house will be as necessary to protect the poor against attempts to drive them away by harsh nese, as to secure the harmonious and uniform action of the different local boards. We have already ex pressed a suspicion that the ovations with which the modification of the commission has been so ostenta tiously celebrated, may be intended to cover a retreat. If so, we may hope that those who have hitherto thrown so many o bst acles, with so little effect, in the way of the administration of the poor-law, will not prevent it from being adapted, as far as possible, to the pa of efficiency and humanity under the im pend ing change. ON returning to look into the account between the nation and the railways, in order to ascertain whether an unlimited armor of obligation is due from the lat ter, for the powers originally granted them, we may observe, that it has been seen that, since the con cession of these powers, there have been imposed upon them extra oonditions, the value of which for the public oonvenienco and profit would of itself amply melee to extinguish any debt on this head. It was thought better, as the case for the railways on the OuneroNE Act is a strong one, to let this demon stration take the first place; although we think it may be proved by the following review of the original terms of the transaction between the state and the promoter, that no arrear existed on this score when throe new imrsitions were ordered; that, conse quently, the privilege on which so much stress is laid es a ground for further exactions, has, in fact, been already paid for twice over. • • • . When the railways came to parliament, asking for these powers, as necessary for their intended works, the scope of what was demanded, and the mo tives adduced for granting the demand, had to be weighed ; and were, once for all, adjusted, on the passing of the bills. The legislature, in approving of them, after a severe inquiry into their preambles, de elated, by its deliberate acts, that the public advan tage to be derived from the fulfilment of the pronio tem' schemes for these works was sufficient to justify any encroachment that might be required for this pur pose on the usual rights of property in land, or of other kinds. In other words. it said to them—" You have satisfied us of the national utility of what you now ask for leave to do, and, in our conviction of this, we empower you to take land, &c., &c., oa conditions which ensure a full compensation to the owner, in cases where an amicable treaty is impossible." The considerations which produced this conviction, which ware deemed conclusive authority for the grant, could only be such as the promoters of the schemes in ques tion then laid before parliament ; that is to say, a line of railway, as therein and then described, subject to ;attain maximum tolls, and other limitations inserted in the act, was all that the promoters were required to furnish as an equivalent for the privileges accorded. No further advantages were offered in exchange for the grant ; if the original prospectus was deemed in sist:Meat to carry this power, the preamble of the bill would have been declared not proved. By passing thebill the legislature plainly and irrevocablyhuii down the terms of the compact. It was to this effect—viz., that the promoters engaged to do certain things ; and insomuch as the doing of them would be useful to the mown , • THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY riENING, „.....mon,lnd not in of anything farther to be expected afterwards, it should be - lawful for them to exercise certain spacial powers to that end. The case of the railways wield, therefore, be as follows : the promises on which these powers woe giveis have been ful fi lled to the latter--tbsy bps, Wised, been more than fulfilled. The 0011Vellit41016 they were bound to afford have been gives; the charges at which you required them to work have arm been exceeded ; in fact, they have mew been emssemli in fulL The railways have eseemiusetly redeemed the pledge which was coneideand an equivalent for the privileges bestowed. The iiiestmt on this head is liquidated. At this stage it would be a valid reason for refusing to does the account, could it be maintained that the engagements of the pre amble had not been kept ; that the proved of bse► fit on which parliament gave certain powers ha eel been realised; that the bargain had been vitiated, in short, by the default of one of the parties. Bat aothing of this kind is pretended. It is admitted that the performances of railways have more than justified their promise of pubho usefulness; the most invidious scrutiny has failed to show that any of the limits of their acts have been transgressed ; and what then, under such circumstances, is the character of a plea for new demands, on the score of the original privileges, granted on oertain conditions— which conditions, it appears, have been already ful filled ? Every one would know how to name it, were it described as the act of a party to a deliberate bargain, who having agreed to give a oat& tbiag for a specific consideration—after ha saiseimiy declared this consideration sufficien sine time after the price, and more than the pdse, had been punctually paid, come upon the other party with the demand of a further payment for what bad been already settled. Bat even this is not the full measure of the injustice that the Time and other maintainers of the ” claims of the publio" upon railways are now calling on the state to commit. Theirs would be an exaction levied, after this second payment also had been consented to and paid. When Mr. GLADSTONE, at the head of the Board of Trade, called upon the railway interest for new concessions, in 1844, the part then taken by the state was such as we have described in this illustration. A second tribute was then imposed, for which no equivalent of any kind was offered at the time by the govern ment, except, indeed, the distinct engagement solemnly given (ss Mr. LAING, who was an agent for the government in the transaction, has since testi fied in p rivate ) that this extra claim, if submitted to, should be the last. The railways extant in that year have thus bought the privileges in their acts twice over : and what room, under these circumstances, is left for declamations on the " national claims,"—es if there were some terrible unpaid arrear still owing by the railways to the public? But the railways depend on the public for their prosperity—it is the public patronage that supports them. So it is, beyond a doubt: and this, because it is more convenient and profitable to use them than to use any other means of conveyance. But there is no choice left us wherever a railway is opened. And why? simply because the -new thing is so much better that no one will continue to employ the old one ; and in this way, by the eole compulsion of self-interest, is I the public patronage obtained, and by this only can it be kept. This preference, on which much idle talk about " monopoly" has been raised, does, in fact, place the justification of railways, who are accused of not doing enough for the public, on unassailable grounds. Why, then, does every other conveyance fall dead when a railway is accessible ? What is the secret of its irresistible attraction for travellers of all kinds? Plainly .that it is in every re spect better for them than anything else they ever had until now, or can now find : that, while it has taken from them nothing they previously en joyed, it makes all their previous methods seem worthless, by the great improvement it has effected. Now, when it is considered that the public have had nothing to pay for this improvement, while they have Infinitely gained by it—that the founders have started I it, and have been suffered to establish it, on their own risk, and in the fair expectation of profiting by what has been so profitable to others, and what has only succeeded because it has been thus useftd—when, in addition to this, it appears that for any special privilege granted at the expense of individuals, these associations have already paid the equitable price, not once only, but once and again—what ground is there for any pre tence of bringing in our railways as in debt to the nation ? None whatever; unless it be laid down as a principle that to have received much gives a right to demand more : that the private property which has been adventured on certain specified conditions to the great advantage of the nation is liable at all times to any further claims that the nation may think it convenient to insist upon, without giv ing any compensation, although this may be done in utter violation of a solemn contract, which the suffer ing party has exactly fulfilled. In other words that, if JOHN has a craving for the substance of Thomas, he has a " right" to take it if he can ; and that what ever Joni.; may find it coavonient to desire, is a debt which THOMAS owes ; and which, to use the language of the Times, it is " selfish and arrogant" in THOMAS to object to pay, however ruinous the payment may be. With such ethics for its guidance, what right has the nineteenth century to was at the days of CADE? Partial cabinet changes continued to be the subject of conversation in Paris on Wednesday. The ap pointment of M. Guizot to the presidency of the council, rice Marshal Soult, who retiree, is decided, and will be carried into effect on the return of M. Guizot from Col. Vadoe, where he had gone to attend the ..4:3 Council-General. The portfolio of foreign affairs will of course still be retained by the chief of the cabinet, its combination with the presidency being customary, and only departed from in the case of M. Guizot, to whose nominal supremacy the cabinet hitherto could not be reconciled. The retirement of M. Capin ridaine has been for a long time settled, and only wanted a convenient occasion. He will now be re placed most probably in the department of commerce and agriculture by M. Bignon. The appointment of M. Bugeaud to the ministry of war is again spoken of. Indeed, General Trezel has never been regarded br the public as anything but an interim minister. A aeries of reports have been from day to day kept in circulation in Paris, by which the morbid excite ment produced by the tragedy of the Faubourg Bt. Honore has been sustained. We have refrained tram I repeating these rumours ; but some of them have set seined such consistency as to be given with names and circumstances in the journals, although still na authenticated. For several days a tale of murder of a lady by a member of the Member of Peen, with whom she cohabited, has been repeated. It is now asserted that therrt d Prince of &kraal, son of the late Marshal Bayonet, and member of the Chamber of Peers, has committed murder on the per son of his mistress,a young person who has beem lately travelling with him. This act bas been committed, it is said, in an access of jealousy. The author of it is said to have absconded, haying effected his escape according to some accounts into Belgium by the Northern Railway, while, according to others, he is concealed in Paris. M. d'Ecknetiht has been given to habits of dissipation to such a degree that the control of his property bas been transferred to a judiciary council. The National says that the victim in this' , case is an Indian female whoa the prince brought to France from the east, when he has passed the last four or live years. She was struck with a knife, and is believed to have since died of the wound. Accord ing to that journal the amnia has fled to England. We have reason to believe that the female against whom the offend has been committed is wounded, but is not dead. -- AreTpertprevailed in Paris en Tuesday night and Wednesday morning that the eldest son of the late Duke de Remain had committed suicide, under the sense of the disgrace entailed on his family by the re cent catastrophe. We are Loured from a certain source that there la no foundation whatever for this rumour. The vohnnininui documents already published by order of the Court of Peers respecting the Pradin of are farther increased by a supplement which ap peared on Wednesday. The Duchese Dowager of Pradin has been told that her son died of a brain fever resulting from the shock produced by the murder of his wife. It was reported in Paris on Wednesday that the Cabinet Council, held on Sunday, at St. Cloud, had decided on ordering a part of the Mediterranean squadron to the coast of Italy, in case the Austrians do not evacuate Ferrara. A report prevailed that British ships had arrived in the Adriatic, and had dis embarked troops at Ancona. This news was gene rally credited, and produced a lively emeatice. - 3, IM7. Loottaideration] The theatre of the Royal Aoademy of Music (the Grand Opera) has jest undergoes a complete xenon strewn= in its interior, and bas beet newly deco rated, at a cost of 140,000 francs. It will be re opened in the coarse of the next week. We have received the letters and journals of Madrid, including the letter of our own correspondent of the 27th ult. Narvaez arrived in that city on the morning of the 27th, at 9 o'clock, and had immediate conferences with the ministers Pacheco, Benavidee, and Bahamonde. He was to have been received by the Queen at 4 in the afternoon. No doubt was entertained that it would be announced on or before the following morning that he was authorised by her Majesty to form a cabinet. It was reported that all the ministers had, on leaving their offices on the afternoon of the 27th, bid adieu to their subordinates, and it was expected that all would retire. As to the new cabinet, all was uncertainty. It was considered certain that M. Pacheco would accept an embassy, and that of Rome was named. El Faro gives the following names as likely to hold places in the new cabinet : Donoso Corte', Pidal, Avracola, San Louis, Orlando, Santillon, Olivan, Roca de Togoree, Sejas, Rios Rosas, Benavides, and Mazzaredo. Terrible hurricanes had devastated parts of the provinces of Palencia, Valencia, and Zamora. The harvests were almost entirely destroyed. Letters from Turin of the 27th alt. bring intelli gence of much interest and importance, the confirma don of which will be looked for with solicitude. Ac cording to this information, supplied by a private letter received in Paris, and declared to proceed from authentic sources, Prince Metternich has lately sent a eirouler note to the Italian governments containing "roles and instructions for the maintenance of peace" in the peninsula. King Charles Albert was deeply indignant at this interference with the hide. pendence of the Italian states, and returned an ener getic and spirited reproof in reply to it. In the same circular Prince Metternich put forth a demand to establish an Austrian garrison in the fortress of Alessandria. It was precisely at this epoch that the military occupation of Ferrara took piece. This gave occasion to the King of Sardinia to make a solemn protestation " against foreign intervention in any state whatever of Italy." Ile thereupon, as we for merly mentioned, made a formal offer to the sove reign pontiff to place at the disposal of his holiness all the forces of Sardinia, both military and naval. The circulation of this news throughout Sardinia excited universal enthusiasm, which was manifested by the army as strongly as by the people. The army is represented as being more than ever pervaded by an anti-Austrian spirit. A report prevailed at Turin, that the Sardinian cabinet had given its adhesion to the alliance formed by England with Wirtemberg, Bavaria, and Baden, to oppose foreign intervention in Switzerland. This explains the fact mentioned in these advioes, that while the English minister, Mr. Abercrombie, lauds the noble and energetic conduct of the King of Sardinia, the French ambassador, Count Mortier, openly blames it, and denounces, on every occasion, the people and princes of Italy. It is added that the Pope, encouraged by the support promised by the King of Sardinia, has stated to the representatives of the powers at Rome that he does not desire foreign aid, that he has ordered Ancona and Civita Vecchia to be provisioned for three months, and to be put into a condition to resist any surprise. Ia Revue des Deus Mandes, a journal always hitherto reputed as a semi-official organ of the Ouirst cabinet, unexpectedly sounded a note on Wednesday altogether out of harmony with the Journal des Dhliats, in regard to the Italian question. The Re v ue does not hesitate to take Austria to task for the Ferrara affair, and speaks in unqualified terms of the liberal movement in the states of the church, of Pied mont, and of Tuecany. The only chord on which it harmonises with the Debuts, is in its rage at the pros- pect of England taking part with the cause of pro gress in the peninsula, and warns the Italians against oar selfish and sordid views. It is not, according to La Revue, the development of liberty we seek, but that of our commerce—not the independence of the Sovereign Pontiff, bat his aid in pacify ing Ireland—not the repression of Austrian ag gression, but the free passage for our Indian mail through Italy! " Behold," concludes this sagacious journal, " many reasons why Italy should distrust the disinterestedness of England, and rely en that of France." La Revue affirms that the diplomatic note of Charles Albert, protesting against the aggression of Ferrara, was not transmitted, but that, neverthe less, "in a letter addressed to a personage distin guished by his liberal principles, the King of Sardinia declared formally against the occupation of Ferrara, and repeated the same sentiments in the presence of several members of the diplomatic corps at Turin, in cluding the nuncio, to whom he then signified the i offer of aid," already mentioned. The King of Pied mont is erapported in these liberal views by M. Villa- =Tim his minister of war, and the Duke of Savoy. ihs sews of the adhesion of the cabinet of Turin la do policy of the Pope, which was received in Some on the night of the 22nd, diffused there the most unbounded joy. On the 23rd the Sardinian mi nister, the Marquis Pareto, had a conference of two hours with his holiness. On visiting the university, the Pope addressed the students, calling them the hopes and support of the country, exhorting them to CIMMORII in their studies, and repeating his panaiso in spite of all resistance m a cams et enliTt s e v n e e r c e l and progressive reform. The Italia, in a supplement, gives the following from Bologna, August 23: The universal desire of the citizens has been acceded to. The pope _prepares for defence. Troops constantly arrive, and are distributed in three points of observation,- one as the defile of St. Gallo, by the Reno, on the road from Bo logna to Ferran; the second at Castel Franco, between Bologna and Modena; the last at the defile of Banta, by the Reno, near Argenta. Forli and Ancona are two more centnn of operation. for the concentration of troops, forming a line of observation along the Adriatic. AU the interme diate towns between Bologna and the two former ars de fended by the National Guard, already in active service, and inspired with the greatest enthusiasm. MADRID, Alm. 27. - - Name& has arrived. Hie return surprises no body. The caner which have brought about a result so I pregnot with= to the institutions of this country, ning be eswily Mee nie altos purism was no longer possible, because tit/ c hoker& to me pZ ia l Inewea, having aceopted . por h er u syis al lai ll i r maesi miir, WWI at eir = n , they lost men the Lew dry soneinued b as it were upon the ineleimeeil edam whisk they did nothing to close ; beanie, driven by pia 'plata to face the palace quer tica, their negearl with the Pardo ware cawineted with a seandelom palletty, end ended in seennisain an irre mediable rupture by aspirin the mews te IMS2 and insult; seesaw lie Ingewr tithe QIMMIR bliN si allimbed by a blandering pelley whilkelogredal bar, they me maw of le bask meek l a nd w mineeelly mewled and hem Si dam It Demme. thenare, necenery to sheen tits meeleados, the Cortina **grain" the limutwirls, or Nerves& The internship war between Ilea ad Warne& mob thea list IMMO Im possible ; theresteed eni third flied ke mem whisk I have already detailed ha previous hawk The Lot am wee the only rawer* left. It »mho to be ems what shape the Salamanca-Nerve*: was will lake. The tone of the Hirroldo is that of a Sankey aunoudeg a duke : the Pan slip leeward, eating its serrkes with cringes and amp ; but the alert of their adulation is the last mu to or font, sad the Kaa-Piela set swim in the waited haßoloaGeo,l I dry koalas that the man wan& wheel, ohms the Abominate' d Wok they let lase a time faryd dreamt till =ed . ‘9 llteir old elly ism hint oat edition deep seems with piens and peeedeen; er hat Ike hat =nee when the INIMILV I FIMPtriIIt ni The et she Farv's glee le the dogmas a lie of its proetratione isteallnesepetemengar but let the alarm lerlesse Mena elhallalass he once sealed, ea we 'ha bast • mem rabid opts den P. itself hem that eqpin egant the new shift *= voided walnut the pearls. No pert of the resent basaser a the niareey beesselled more ridicule ass the intaniamsy d tide temillia in the Correo that tbsy p.m tee entire cenildesee of the Quell, while in the seam per* sad ht the Ossette, they give out that they are ate* eleingme to the minion of Roe de Olano. If* the *epee* with width this sender was charged, doubtless by theimne weeeiset authatind by the *Amster', it is • pule alereW to meat that they retain the Queen's The side of Cleland& become dell as. alarming. Notadrernaing the releibevennets r is. th e army of the naps have ea yet done so but worry e th e ishalleas, while loge bends desbsb, daily on inessese, tone= the war/ with kigeolog la nay dials* leg cestribreiren seven emeahrmis harp propelletees kw whom lientien t= dbmi tiolr ea bri ess rearms, ea sari* receive emu and the prima" end lace, in eap a word, metes of eneatry. astatine, the enee illodneps his rage upon the maille • The ear l r e el apori he la mar. ing the amide ef Nails to he shpt is, that he berboured a weended lasi in his hems. 1111111 Gamed Pails I 'also eamendell to be obst. Den lose Bariadia, the • ideate et lea Andrea de Palomar, has bona maned Lc net taking up one Bales, who mend with the Carlin, in the last war, and was now earning his bread quietly by honest labour, The alcalde seised has a large manufactory in the town, which employs a great number of the poor inhabitants, who will be now left to starve, as the factory is closed. The ayuntamiento of San Quintin has fled, threatened with death by the rebels if they rang the I.OCI/11, and by General Pavia if they did not. The town councillors of Villa Franca, like those of Sea Pedro de Rio ' devillos, have been seised and transported to the Balearic isle of Cabrera. How is it possible, under such a truly in fernal system of persecution, that the rebellion should not daily gain head? Accordingly, we see that three parties have just entered from France,amounting•in all to 170, through Huria. At Tarragona it was said that the rebels had just received 700 muskets out of France. On the evening of the 21st, a band, amounting to 3-50 men, marched out of San Vincente de Callers (near Vendrell) under the command of Cabecilla Toffee, who posted up a proclamation in Catalan in the villages through which he passed. Five miles on the Catalonian side of Frogs, at 11 on the night of the 22nd, the Madrid diligence coming from Barcelona was stopped by some Cellists, and the passengers robbed of 200 doubloons. In the town of Frogs there were 94 soldiers at the time, smoking or sleeping in the fort, and 16 troopers, who galloped out of the gates in the opposite direction, four rebels having diverted their attention from their comrades by attacking a horseman, who gave the alarm. The military commander, upon learning the robberies, ordered the alcalde to keep patrols of the Citizen' on the look out. General Pavia has had the alcaMe of Pantile shot for not giving notice to the government of the passage of a party of rebels. Cromwell in Ireland was a lamb compared to Pavia in Catalonia. His insane barbarity looks as if he wanted to take vengeance on the defenceless population for his defeats by the rebels. If such a spectacle of savage and impotent cruelty as General Fevre,' government has exhibited in Catalonia had been shown by any pacha from Yanina to Bagdad, the Porte would have sent him a bowstring in mere compliment to the diplomatic gentlemen at Para. A letter in the Clamor from Ayamonte, dated 20th, states that the Spanish consul at Villa Nova in Portugal, Doa Diego Dominquez , aged 70, has been murdered by a party of Cabralistas. A border quarrel has taken place in the Eastern Pyrenees between the Andorrans and the population of the Spanish town Civic. The citizens of the little republic have been cutting Spanish harvests in armed bodies. Senor Buschenthal has arrived at Madrid within the last day or two. He was sent to pick up some millions of reale for Salamanca on the foreign exchanges. Having completely failed in his financial mission at Paris, he charged himself with a court message, and has brought back, instead of the bullion required for his patron, a little riding.whip as a pre sent from the Duchess of Moutpensier to the Queen, the workmanship of whose handle is elaborately described by the ingenious editors of the go€etillas. The foods are dropping again. The Threes have fallen to 261. This looks very much like the puritans 'stepping in. CONSTANTINOPLE, Aco. 18. By the French steamer which arrived here on the 14th met. the Turkish government received despatches from Athens, which appear to be of a very . unsatisfactory nature. The day before yesterday all the ministers of the Porte as sembled in the horse of the grand vizier at Battaliman. The Turco-Greek question was the ' , object of discussion, and the final decision come to was, to employ coercive measures for the purpose of forcing the Athenian cabinet to accord the satisfaction demanded by the Porte for the insult offered to its envoy, M. Museums. The despatches received at the Porte on the 14th inst. prove beyond doubt that M. Coletti is de termined to adhere to the terms contained in the letter of M. Prokish to Count Sturmer, which arrived here in the Austrian war steamer Volcano about a month since. You will remember that the letter of M. Pmkish war a detail of an interview he had had with M. Coletti oa the subject of the difference ex isting between the Turkish and Greek cabinets, from which it appeared that M. Coletti refused to make an apology for what had faked place at the King's ball, in the month of January; but that, at the same time, he would have no objection to receive M. Mussurus, or any other person the Porte might think fit to send to Athens as its representative. It is quite natural that the patience of the Turkish cabinet should be worn out. AU their attempts at reconciliation have been rejected; even their last humiliating con cessiorui have been treated with contempt. They have, therefore, determined to employ the only arguments which M. Coletti seems able br willing to understand. The coasting trade has been suspended, and on the 15th inst. the Turkish fleet, consisting of seven ships of the line, with frigates and corvettes, in all amounting to sixteen sail, sailed from the Golden Horn. They will at first simply make a de monstration on the coast of Greece, and the turn of affairs at Constantinople will decide their subsequent movements. It is supposed that Lord Cowley has received instructions from his government to encourage the Porte to adopt coercive measures. _ . News bee been received from Albania, which prove that province to be still in a state of revolt. When the Oriental Company's steamer arrived at Avlona with the reinforce ments of troops sent from Constantinople, all the inhabitants of the district were in arms against the Sultan. When the troops were landed the rebels retired to the mountains; but it was evident, at the time the steamer left, that they were preparing to make a descent. Since writing the above, I learn that the coercive meunres towards Greece are being carried cut in earnest. Instruc tions have been sent to the pashas of the different districts throughout the empire where Greek consols reside to with draw from the latter their exequaturs, but to permit them to remain in the country, should they wish to do so, as private individuals. Greek subjects throughout the empire are to be taken under the protection of the governors of the peehalica which they inhabit, and are to be treated in every respect se rayahs, without, however, being fornecl to adopt I the esstame. In one month from the date ef the with drawn of the exequaturs the coasting trade with Greece will be forbidden. These coercive measures the Turkish go vernment have repeatedly threatened to put in force, but they have been as often overruled by some of the representatives of the foreign powers. M. Coletti's sentiments an now, however, too apparent to ad mit the slightest hope of establishing an amicable unclerstandli between the two cabinets by continuing a eandliatery lie of policy. You will remember that Coletti nine ee neheims Ali Effendi, the minister of foreign Milk apsiseles to M. Mummies, in his name, for the m eat Mint die bake had received at the King's ball, simply on M nd tarn each a proceeding had not been recom aleatlad Prime Metternich, but implied that if it should be approved of the chief-of the Austrian cabinet he would have se two to comply. M. Coletti has since received M. de 's opinion on the demand of Ali Effendi, wide is air* to favour of the Porte. As I had foreseen. =an thee a moth since, the appeal to Prince Metternich le bet a nee t h e part of Coletti, for, now that all subterf Is ha ugeshows as much con tempt for the advice el the ehleet as for the de mands ones Porte. It is uniseteed that Lord Cowley, like every /trod to Turkey, sire the lelloatin of the Turkish grunrament at the 111,d1be inelseee which has marked the asaduct of Coletti, and hes promile them his entire in the coercive eassoures whisk they have de em The feet me midge endue of Led Ogedirout the whisk al the gene Laeeti emeeele see* the illoabledised et saemrsegpo licy Meet 'this colleague. awl ha augglieled aainl7 to the high pies which lei i the agitation of the Bales and his t i nesm Lod Pal.-Mel grui speak b as it=se he ir blew at orelie seri ut met least, we have eery day pro f ef be even- Vases is very deep nature hot id hesaleoed by the gees resat ameese hematites he the Todlish wren led non for Ong their °Mime gabs the beef lbarissa, whisehen just begun. It an heed by the maim mil thee Omeaelie that Bungee eke ewe ertraging Isla the Wee es ma a into gradrindigni that de we ere beeseiftM sequel* seder sees too &lent Tiles thin ase iwhe were is egegeorge the ladies wbi only seed to heighten ilia el ONO' ceding chidlag* ; and the lege wee thrown beak, sad the antraMeed lathe lad Vim, it so extent which the ewe mess af the firma le too provoking. All the ]m eet is now Willy .figibiheit. Nor are Turkish to ogle infidel wee. these of their own g end it is hdliidsa Is Ow peg people of be&► seise to vie these places whin le idels do Su sweat. it will s at heal, perhaps create that Iterekt race emit tee even his eimeent te the pulsation of so sherd a desentsut, bat it is a steneele wide be has been heed to make to the heeled pony, who attributed every acendeleas even tee via esenned in Turkish moiety to the mewing pew mime Mks el which the Geed Vlwr is the reganses doe. UAW is eh el a Tele\ fasedemey, • wean of isselpulr, and we elle Wing et Mies eatsege the el el Canstentimple, wee acenseil i W i er haw Meg of fulideliky. A some took plea, and the ia ait i i t e f es teir leg inelf into the Begheru• emit a free amnia, and was ini jon zatla seised ea to weeks of Meselel Pasha, and into to dregs ovine thi imeolity of sr and The deeho to beeesh!st of the Grand Vi the amt who attimairt efilen77 -- 7 - the Turkish functionary above. . densiL A plaudli charge was, therefore, gat or EirPalmas's et being the lover of the fair Tart AS laOr is a prolio el Braid Paths's, and is,.. maw his eel, • pert of the balmy of the aserethe wen =p eed to attach le the peal vide bbasaiL The awe wee, =tire a l lde llis of the le mi lk i i iii han s a end a when l seed tree whams. the the dory brought egged Paleeleges wee steely esionded. It we clam hsawsy that the I* was net mei biLO the wife of eel that Wei de led Ishii between her asel . • ode& A duenel. owed by jeakiF . es de di ef the leer, ante between thew, and the t Ledge, k a It of rap revealed all to the unhappy mend. ZISALIUMAIIIIIICKUSILLIUTIONS.—manscrommiy, reepasidlie ellbecif the Mims Noiserehigme, has appeared betore M. Lesseidee, jams d'lnatzestka, slab to the seism et the aumbw ef thee gemeg 1111 the= He Shea heated that the Mime is meesed at bombe "at tacked the rights whisk the King of the French psemmes by the will of tjs Freak sultan, expremed in this deasaticat et 7* begot, 1910, sad of the essMitetimel sherese so- Me ael - seTen to by Ma in the Wise ef 90 Aar of ogee& ease yew.. This duos, emerdieg is set. 1 of kw el Ma Nev., 1830, is relied with ireprimmegat hem Mose menthe to tee pees * am& with a fine of from OW to = t The Heim - also seemed of having "feeitai Ihe doom et raft to hatred of each other " ea tame to the laws of 9th Sept., 1835, sea 17th Zy ll , ig hlt ag = a penalty of imprisonment of huh ems mis to a year, sad a Hoe of from lair. to 5001 r. THE BEAU:MALLON AFFAIR.—The chamber dm mins en eacesetion has given ..its decision relative t the affair of Roeemond de Basunlion, accused of perjury. The court has annulled the preliminary proceedings insti tuted by Councillor Perrot de Cheselles, on the ground th a t this law-officer, who was not one of the judges composing the court of arises, was not competent. The court has nevertheless maintained the warrant of arrest issued by the president against the accused, and his authorised the Pro cureur.Genetal to institute new proceedings by a competent magistrate. In execution of this order, on the application of the Procureur-General, Councillor Michelin, who formed part of the court of amises when Beauvallon gave testimony, has been appointed. PAIN SAVINGS BANK.—The following is the result of the operatione of the Paris Savings Bank i—Money received at the Paris Savings Bank, on Sunday, the 29th, suit Monday, 30th August, from 3,746 deponents, 460 of whom are new ones, 496,034 f. ; reimbursements during the same week to 2.023 deponents, 52.6 of whom paid out entirely, 653,84.5(. 95c. ; stock bought in for deponents during the same week for a capital of 54,573 f. 80t. demands of re imbursement made on Sunday, 29th, for 590,703f.—Dittele. BELGIUM.—B6IOIBELO, AUG. 30.—The committee of Mayence, which is now sitting, aad is occupied with divers questions relative to the navigation of the Rhine, has already arrived at a concluoion upon several poiate. The agreement of Holland having been obtained, the toll on empty vowels is entirely taken off. This is a matter of much interest to Antwerp, and will doubtless help to realise the project of a system of tonnage between our commercial metropolis aad the Rhine. The exemption from all duty which was granted during the provision crisis at the com mencement of the year, and which was to have ceased CO the Ist of September, was prorogued to the Ist of October. The French commitrioni r proposed a new prorogation till the let of January. 1848, which the other commissioners agreed to ad referendum. The Dutch and French governments desire the diminution of the tolls of the Rhine, but Prussia is on this great question inclined to the side of those states which border the Rhine, since it regards the question in a twofold point of view,—its fiscal interests and the coin. mercial interests of Cologne. Another question also is likely seriously to occupy this committee, viz., an indemni ty claimed for corn destined for France, in transit through Bavaria, and which was seized in t his latter country by virtue of a decree which prohibits the export of grim. This cern came from the grand duchy of Hesse, and had been exported at a time when the grand ducal government had interdicted the export of corn. Bavaria contends that the prohibition of exportation, which it had pub lished, concerned all the states which are members of the Zollverein, who were reciprocally bound by en. gagements among themselves, and that, consequently, the prohibition extended as much to corn sent from the grand duchy of Hesse, as to that coming from Bavaria itself. The French government refuses to recognise these engage. vents, which are posterior to the treaty constituting the Rhenish association, and maintains that any measure meaau adopted by one of the Rhenish provinces can in no wise affect others without their previous concurrence. Now it was not till after the seis are of this disputed corn, that the grand duchy of Hesse and the German states followed the example of Bavaria in what concerned the exportation of corn. The French government makes this affair a matter of principle, far more than a question of money, for the in demnity claimed does not amount to more than 14,000 franca Should the committee not give a favourable decision, France has 'signified her intention of calling iu Austria an an arta teeter. ---- ITALY.-DISCOVERY OF A VEIN OF IRON,- Rome, Alto. 21.—Mr. Felix Gauthier, a French engineer, director of the iron foundry at Terni, believing he had found in 1645, in the environs of Monte Nero, certain indications of an iron mine, hu been incessantly occupied since that period in finding means of discovering it. His endeavours have just been crowned with success. lie has discovered a vein which extends from Monte Nero to the town of Guido Tadini, and which appears to be a very rich one. Ihe ore which composes it produces 60 per cent. of pure iron, of an excellent quality. The vicinity contains numerous springs of water, which will facilitate the working of the machines necessary for the spuration of the ore. This new vein of iron, and that of Tolle, will suffice to furnish all the iron that the Roman states may stand in need of, including those quantities required for iron bridges and the projected rail wart—Delves. NAPLES, AUG. 16.—Though government has issued orders to several bodies of the troops to be in readiness to march at a minute's warning, no considerable movement has yet taken place in the direction of the HOMED frontiers. Reinforcemente have merely been sent to some localities of the Abruzzi. It is announced that a decree will be shortly published which will exempt all functionaries whore sala7 is beneath 60 dneati from having any sum pt hack of their pay. It is a proof we are on the way of progress.—Gosege d'Augsboura, Aug. 2S. GERMANY.—PRUSSIA.—BERLIN, Ann. 28. Pouse TxtaLs.—After the cases of two more prisoners had been gone into, the counsel for the crown addressed the bench, calling upon the judges to flod the prisoners guilty, but trusting that they might find them guilty only of so much of the charges as would warrant an exemplary punish ment. CRACOW.—Trade is completely paralysed with us. The public mind is a prey to suspicion and di,trust, and the future appears uncertain. In present circumstances the suppression of the Prussian post is a serious event ; for, as long as it was in existence, we were still enabled to keep up our intercourse, and we had grounded our best hops upon it. The peasantry is equally discontented, and an ex. plosion is to be dreaded, should the conscription be set in vigour. We receive news from Poland, which speaks of fresh conspiracies, a report which seems confirmed by several arreatations which have recently taken place on our frontier. —Journal Aliemand de Franefort, Aug. 30. BAVARIA.—Musicu, Attu. 27.—Lots MoNvits' HERALDIC Homotms.—The following royal orrionnanoe has just been published:—" We, Lewis, King of Bavaria, &c., hereby notify and make known that we have resolved to raise to the dignity of Countess of Lsndsfeld, Maria Von Parris and Monter, dr noble Spanish descent. Whilst we impart to her, by our royal power, the dignity of a countess of our kingdom, with all the honours, rights, and preroga tires (Vonagen) connected with it, it is our desire also that she make use of the following escutcheon on a German four-quartered shield. In the first field red, an upright white sword (aufreeht steheruies blankes selowert) with golden handle; in the second, blue, a golden crowned lion rampant; in the third, likewise blue, a silver dolphin; and in the fourth, white, a pale red rose. The shield will be surmounted by a countess's crown. Be this notified to all the authori ties and to our subjects in general, in order that they ma) not only recognise the raid Maria as Countess of landsfeM, but also, as us duty bound, uphold her in that dignity, it being our will, that whoever shall act contrarily to thew pro visions shall be summoned by our attorney-general helm the tribunals, and there and then be condemned to maks public and private atonement, both on account cf a violence of our ordonnances and of a slighting of the privileges of a third party. For confirmation of the above we have And our royal name to this document, and placed on it the wale( our kingdom. Given at Aechaffenberg, the 14th of the month of August, in the 1847th year after the birth d Christ our Lord, and in the 22nd of our govemment Levu. Von Mecum. 43148ELE." RUSSIA.—ST. PSTAAssu so, Auo. 113.—DELIfitl loctufne.—An imperial Maw has been promulgated *hilt commands all civil faMboaries who possess a fortune state exactly in their Mena by what means they have acquired it. The severest pisaiwasts are threatens( to la inflicted on Wow who ass isisslad waking &be retsina Similar provides, sta _salad, it is true, in the sods, big they have farm has Moil was. Another old law, Wise has else bra flatlabsii up mow awl rendered own ma" eel= vebanlen el salary te be wok in Wm ma ws, toseilassay. without dismissals& at rank, who estoole Asp? leave of abuses. The Unitas* =l i g ift ballmille to mom five bass it sustained laws woman of is maim at MU. Tin chain still newt tat Clem id gesMaal Ihmdmoy, of Rambo law, of the ka tlm emesswis al thasspesties and didallse. at the mild" sad of As d assidss. The haw an been filled so by rim Also. 24.—The imeebint arm Bad% whYLYiat Wm time • ennik baseesellebearltade SIMI es bar ars trip ma SaasseW Ohs lad • llg y si a rg sad about twenty powwows. MI *at is M ts rhos the chain of AMA mmossbation ••• lS 18 111 liabtarramma is a stem Mar ones a month from WNW ism aril amts direct to Malta, and to mum. It ham has Adepaset se the As Lloyd's Company to wad II boob: st maid pap flan well. The only X e 7.. jawed weed be Ibe lids -l- and Oriental sessare, for name dimly pointed out to the Company. A dimes from Trieste to strive 1111 t'rig at Cade es I. 12th of each month, wren met the susses hem Marseilles, Tunis,. NWise Alexandria, tham a ssi isiatinople. There is at p* Nat no way of W Wow, except by a sailing mi. er going in the men wee ilemase to Corfu, and dims into the Austrian boats. Per brew and meirchaadit mailing vessels only are available. be that Malta is, gg* were, shut out from the Annaba Matte, merely for went d g stain communication. If a bide ses here as above statd. if would be loaded with powwows wary trip either fordo Waltz islands, Greece, the swismat, or Ragland. TM P. and O. C. 8. Ti m i =i dled hat night, and Wm CA gg N • Clay at seas tat Tbe Trench steamer hue Allmsibla cadged also in the nightsag Yaws at mien tar Neraellies direst She brings :AM( new. The Nae has rim abundantly. THE PRASLIN MURDER. We continue oar extracts from the official isir ass* relating to this tragedy. lantion whithe asweee *a et the Duke de Praelin by the trate,ing* ,the pooh verbal seta forth that he had asheis sale* orsaratwasi with silver, in • addl Is the bed-ohaabso et the Deka de Pra sa idlOP bed likswirebsisesiesdl theiseist-keiik noses* is 1 1 ,1 4 whisk was Wiwi the .sibs Me eifl aliseind Seesensa• ands shilmallee *ore was nestsieriain by Chain, celled " thewdes Toys/Pod. Ela the abissuarpies• ef taw beiseim. ea ths weed wYi Ins a of bind. This deems* also *Os lie the Deka de Re ens Wed M wield asemefi lli Insgientes le the aidorombr el dr &Aim wim" rem was dra Wag. bet he begged * be *cuss& brads lied AIN owl litis ro ' quilt yes implisd with. ILAXLEASSOIr OP MOLLS. DO Lessi.—The elfil were put to this big on the 19th .4s b behmaL Irrarr, Jugs d'huitresdee *the Tri the Mies, In the proses.* of the Promote d e Roi.— After resibg that she entered the Imlay 44 the Duke de Paella ea die 1K March, 1841, as mores* with a olef let with board and lodging, Mffile. do Line ose Mud w••• yw *Mu in the house of the Daks de Paella t—l abseseil with the direction of the educates of ihe ales eWws of the duke and the ducker fro* do tttstaat of 4 mysimast, but they wen obliged to Wadi 91 11