The Express. — London, England, 1851-02-03 00:00:00

mum SATURDAT AFTERNOON WILL BE PUBLISHED, THE EXHIBITION EXPRESS, Bun of a Deily Illoranp Inabk raps. PRI , E VOUR: - ENCE, Con Lining every porsible iniltnnatlon telative to tbe '4:EAT EXHIBITION OF 1531, Object', Exhibitor.' Ptorpeetm, latendedOnt., Arrangements, Appeanam, Prorreek Put and tutu". The normon number 01 meow hummed IS the fottheneing Omit Exhabitaun of the lodttery having hitherto Sod no unimileetory rev...ratan.. ts Lb. pres•—•o roar sogichratly tame. and .11h anhaaien r w•plybes.lve enough to pup sod eseapilfy the f.r booming esposillam i* Mame rtlr of m grand Si event the 'neigh:es at the EXPRESS lan determined blob every gatarday afterson, a double short ef Iliat paper, to metals the DOW sad latest information rehtln I to the Extdbith , a, together With a now d other matter seteptatie to the latlltitude ed gement Warted either a general and Real ecentaiitenara and -ceretarire,nembera of provincial travelling slate, eatotaton, Weals of exhibitor', Mahe of exhibitor., and the All lane. and wider crele of then oho are to he the hundrees or Women& of nitor. the during the lwribownieg Con- 170.1 of Indurtry of all Nation , . In eddittoa m.saythtni relative Bathe Expeoltion Thu doable .beet will gin general seem and .ill, aberewer, eepealally attend to all current events la literatue e, pekoes, sod arL In every day except Whitley the priced the EXPRESS mill be The great yoke of the LXIIIISITIuIIf EXPRESS le a medium mak kekkat to etlkrke re. All eakkakkale mkt k et the ogles la Wlttlefrlanst or Debt eight In the e% max .1 each Vnilay, to aware 'aorta= to the camber et the folkotaa slay. Wive. le, Book , kotraa, liee‘dreet elvvexifs. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE . Tons D 44 —llormag. 31:1. 3so. Aftrrsoos, 3h. 494. Totul.aulr —llomeg, 4h. 4a. ........Alterhoost, 4e. 71r•. LONDON, MONDAY, FBBRUARY 3. A stLETI244I take. place in the Getty this evening to take into consideration the question nf electoral and floancial reform, a subject which, as far as govern meat and perliement are concerned, seems lees sod Isis to occupy the thonohts of public men. Some sessions paid, Lerd JOHN IitSYELL thought it necereary, when begging the querion to be adjourned, to annource that ho too bad certain projects for the extension of the franchise ; and he gave it to be understood that le sure and opportunity alone were wanting to his hinging them forward. Since then, however, every promise f the kind has died away. A rumour, indeed, prevailed at the commencement of last nor Moo, that there was to be an extension of the fran chise. And the introduction of 101. or 121. freeholders into the Irish franchise, might at least, it was hoped. be imitated here. But no—all the old parties of tory and of whit seem quite contented with the fran chise se i is. And it has become quite avid nt now at least, that nothing whatever is to be expected, save from the exertions of the public itself. There is unfortunately a difference of opinion as to how the pubic might best set about this. Mr. CORDON does hot think the great aim likely to be advanced in its present Bulge by gnat public meetirgs, and re commends the silent, sure, and progressive workiog of the freehold land societies. Other reformers see m deter mined to take a shorter path. For cur own pert we think that hod 'he efforts of the Reform Association been dire ce , t, in the first instance, to an eqoalisation of the franchise, rather than to its extension, they would have accomplished a far more successful and more useful agitation. Not but that as extension of the tranchiie is of the most manifest urgency and fairness, —but in these diejs of political "loll," when the pro pertied clews was alarmed by the progress of the non propertied in certain porticoes of the Cootinent, it would have been safer tr have set on feit • midole•class agitation for equalisimr the franchise, and distributing political influence more equally amongst those who had property than of extending it to the more precarious class of earners. There is so clues more intelligent, more orderly, or more wisely liberal, than the industrious operative, who has found himself a homestead, and pays his rate. Equnli.e the franchise, however, and extension will be sure to folluw. Whereas if it be extended with all its in. qsaliti.e, we may find these inequalities nor filmed, and • system inttoduced even more unfair than the preetnt to the middle and indite:riot's clam es. But whatever doubts there may be es to the best mode of extrication from the prevent state of elec toral soil political thraldiim, there is no doubt of the naceseity of procuring that great end, and not relax ing in tut efforts to attain it. Mr. COBDEN expieno l / 4 1 folly to his hearers at Bradford that members of the House of Commons must vote so as to please those who make them osiemb‘te, and that wow queutly any efficient economy or readjustment of taxation must be preceded ny a nhadjustment of the franchise. Mr. Ilene: as forcibly made the same assertion, and illus trated the same fact. In connexion with the remarks of those earnest reformers, we are opp irtunely reminded, in Don't, sow edition of the " Parliamentary Companion," that since the cummenctinent of last session 22 vacancies have occurred in The House of Commons. In the course of the elections and canvasses caused by these vacancies, has any ono great political principle, any bread and intelligible system of policy, been affirmed or negatived by their results? Has even the balance of power between the parties which divide the House of Commons, a itti their scarcely perceptible differeseek of opinion, and their common lack of coherence sad organisation, been effected ? It may be said, without ezeggcratioo,that each of these elections has turned, oe is about to turn upon some paltry personal prefer , . mice, or mere local pecuniary Interest, and that the very esistence of the great practical question., the solution of which is so urgently demanded fur the misty of the community, has been entirely ignored. iiiiw could it be otheivies ? One half of the me bereof the Hoe.. of Commons are to thin day as essentially amine,* as any that sat in the old close borough and proprietary-borough parliaments. And the whole class of intelligent, skilled artisans may be cossidered as virtually excluded from any voice in the election of the remainder. Nor is this all ; the , existing electoral qualification and system of electoral registra.ion have enabled clubbed and affiliated par bilk= to pack even pretty numerous constituencies with factitious majorities. The voice of real public i opinion is 114Wel ly beard in the House of Commons; it hes not even the semblance of influence over the votes that are there given. The House of Commons , is packed and managed by knots of speculating poli ticians; by the holders of a bank at political rouge e mir, and the punters who are trying to break it. The House of Commons is se well entitled to be made an object of the paternal solicitude and watchfulness of the police as any hell in Jermyn-street and its vicinity. Let us examine the consequences of this prepos terous sate of affairs in only one phasic. If there is one point upon which public opinion is more agreed Man another, it is the necessity of extensive reduc tions in the national expenditure, and a re-adjust ment of the incidence of taxation, with a view to a large diminution in the amount of taxes. The manner in which, and the instrumentality by which, this is to be effected, may not be very clearly per ceived. But the discontent with our existing system of finance is universal, and can only be removed or alleviated by measures of • comprehensive and systematic character. finch measures cannot be originated by the community at large ; it is because general society is incompetent to suck a task that representative legislatures are bad recourse to. The representatives of the people are la theory, and ought to be in fact, • select 'umber tithe most competent intellects in the nation, placed in a position in which the impatience of public dis content may be brought ea to bear upon them, as to stimulate them to devise effective practical measures hr the general advantage. Bat that the Hones of Common' is nothing of the kind is shown by the simple fact that associations have been called into existence to do what is its duty—to devils and pro mote schemes of financial reform. The manner in which the House of Commons is elected sufficiently explains how it comes to be • mere elmory substitute Ifor what it ought to he. . We might track the House of Commons through every department of possible legislation, and the result would be ea neastiefasitory as this glance at ite s financial capabilities. Is them one man in the country rio wildly sanguine as to expect effective measures ,from the House of Commons, promotive of national 'education, or an efficient rural police, or an amended law, or an improved colonial administration ? we hope to see in the House of Commons as at }event constituted, even that modeet and respectable Sad of self-knowledge, that would induce • working majority of its members to recognise their own in 02•Pstesor, and delegate their functions to more. eves men by aff or di ng a l o y a l an d unwaver i ng to able and patriots ministers, if each could rig:td? We would not melt to repress or divert attention from any topic of political discussion. The legislative wants of society are many, and onl)$ by public argu ment and controversy can sound and practical views regarding them be developed. It is an unhealthy state of the public mind when one theme only en grosses all attention for the time. Still we feel that it is our duty to renew, at fro:lust intervals, our protest, that without a thorough reform of our eleo total system, all political debate is of little more value than the contests for victory among the =ni bees of a debating society. Discussion and agitation, in the general public, may mature political know ledge ; but a working House of Collll3loos is the in , di,persable pre-rt qutsite of any practical application of that knowledge; and such a noose of Commons can only be obtained by bringing real public opinion to bear upon it by means ot•frequently recurring elec tions among Mal constituencies. FOREIGN governments ate exclaimed against, be cause they have come forward to insist that all Eng lish subjects who travel on the continent shall pro vide themselves with English passports. We are sorry for the spirit which dictates such new precau tion,. Hitherto an English traveller, bound for the Rhine, took the nearest or the cheapest passport he could get, French or Belgian, or which he pleased : with this he Bailed to Ostend, passed Brussels, wee scarcely asked for it on the Prussian frontier, and le't it to slumber in his trunk, as he sailed up the Rhine, or betook himself from watering place to watering place, unquestioned by the police. But since Austria has extended the wings of that double eagle which is the sj mbol of its police over the whole of Germany, Prussia has been obliged to shake with Austrian fear, mad to adopt Austrian rigours and precautions. England is the great bugbear of SCHWARZENBERG. Although the activity and charity et those Englishmen who sympathised in the Hunga rian struggle have been exerted to remove the unfor tunate...kilted that country toAmerica and to independ ence, instead of leaving them here a prey to poverty and sedition, still the SCIIWASZENBEEO cabinet looks upon our Philo-Magyars as dreadful fellows. And lest a stray Honied should find his way back across the Mute, Prussia has been induced to adopt the rules of the Austrian police. Atter all, nevertheless, these foreign governments ask nothing unfair. Englishmen coming into their territories with all kinds of foreign passports, beast a kind of perplexity, to avoid which they demised that each Englishman should come identified by an English passport. But this document costs exceed ingly dear. That is not the fault of Austria or Prus sia. We have a press and a parliament to complain. AMS44lislimen ought not to be taxed 21. 125.6. i. for pingabroad, without at least having some good MOOD assigned. Hitherto, indeed, there has not been much reascn tae complaint. The careless traveller or the one about Mike a short trip, paid his five shillings for a French Those who were more knowing, or given toff more frequent and distant wanderings, procured a Foreign-otfice passport. It was dearer to be sure at ti.e hurt outlay ; but then it lasted from year to year, caused a great deal leas trouble and expense of signa ture, _ and errands to fetch it st each town. It pro cured the bearer far more teapot, and at certain conjunctures might be seriously uselul to him. Few people who have used such a passport were ever round to object to the expense. In fact it was cheap. But, on the other heed, the Foreign-office would not give it, firmon to every one, not even to every one who was willing to pay. The merchant, indeed, was never refused, nor any of that class of lite known to the Foreign Secretary, or that WI; within his cognisance. Hence a distinction, but too common in this happy country, is drawn between the known and the unknown, the privileged and the igmbile gelyes. Such a line of separation makes a Frenchman's blood buil—the Englishman takes it sea matter of course; for if on the wrong ede of the 11..., he has good hopes of passing it, and enjuying all the advattages of the utter side to-morrow. Tue sy mem which has for a long time prevailed must tow, however, it is clear, be done away with. English passports hiving become indityenuble fur lioAliahmen toga to the continent with, uinstof course be granted, and at nu rim bitaat price. Two pounds testes and sixpence will bi tug a man to Homburg ; and the sum is too much to ask here for a passport. Tne limes proposes, indeed, that the Foreign Office *maws should mill be preserved, and that an ofiice Mould hs opened tor giving certilics:es of len curt and limpetance. We mot protest against this classification. We have nuke and distinctions enough. And it is quite enough teethe POPE to be introducing his grades and titles amongst us, without permitting the Foreign Office to do the same. Every Englishman, be his rank low or high, is entitled to such protection as his government can afford him abroad, and the commercial agent his just the same title to the protection as the lord. Why give them different passports or certitimtes ? The same passport can an nounce the rank of each-The men of some continental countries are divided into the noble and the ignoble. There is no such division in England. Such line of demarcation is with us a sunk fence, which society makes and guards,but which the law does not meddle with. Since we must have passports, let as have a passport office, a simple mods of each person showing his identity, and let theme kind of document be is sued to each Englishman, at one uniform price, if, in deed, price be requisite. THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 3, 1851. GERMANY. TheAugsburg Alg. Zeit. eaysthat Prince Schwarzen berg will shortly return to Dresden; that the con ference there will be closed at latest towards the end of this month, and be recommenced subsequently at Frankfort. The tichleswig-Holateiners are very indignant at the report that the North part, the crown work, of Itendsbarg, which commands the old town, and is the key of the fortress, is to be occupied by the Danes. The triumph of the oppo , sition of the second Berlin Chamber, by the election of Cunt Schwerin to the presidency, is very much en hanced by a contrary expects• lop having been very coefidently entertained by the ministry. The Deutsche Reform, in an article on the subject of the election the day before it took place, says, "however it may tall out, this po litical act will have a deep signification, not for the ministry, but for the majority." This hint is token for a threat of a dissolution. The Roue Preussisehe or Kreutz Zeifung, openly recommends that the chambers should if pos sible be intimidated into forming a majority for the revision of the constitution on the old principles, or if this cannot be done, that they should by "repeated dissolutions" be driven to such extreme views, as to rouso the nation against them, and so make the necessity of a new constitution felt by all. The Austrian Lloyd has several articles against the constitution of the 4th March, and, though the ministerial organs disavow them, there are from many quarters ramous of a combined plan of Austria and Prussia systematically in both countries to make common cause against constitutional institutions. Intelligence from Vienna of the 29:h tilt, states that another conspiracy has been discovered, extended in its ramifications. It seems that even part of the garrison j of Vienna had been misled. The 4th of March was fixed for a geteral outbreak. Severity persons, stu dents, citizens, and officers on half-pay, have been ar rested. Three battalions of the garrison of Vienna have been sent to the proyiums. Rewards have been offered for the apprehension of those persona who attempt to mislead the soldiers. The Austrian press will not be allowed to notice there facts. PRUSSIA. In was supposed that aarelive battle would be fought in the Prussian chamb.re on the 31st, by the divers parties, on the occasion of an election for pre sident, and that Count Schwerin ' who is considered too liberally inclined, would not be re-elected; the result hu turned out otherwise. A telegraphic massage from Berlin, dated the 31st, says: Yesterday the definitive election of the Bureaux took place in the Second Chamber. Count Schwerin woo again elected president, by • majority of 180, against Count Arnim, with 106 votes. On the other band, M. Cie= was re-elected vice-president by 160 votes against b with 131. Boar tr,~FEP . I—Voluntary Loan,lo 61 ; New Loan, Four-and-a-11614 per Cents., 100; National Debt, 841 ; Com mercial Marine Society's Premium, 1271 ; Bunk Shares, 96. VIINNA, Ja'c. 31.—Fite per Cent. Metalliques, 98; Four-and-a-Bali per Cents., ditto, £4ll ; Bank Shares, 1148 Eschange oa London, 12.40. THE LAST PENINSULAR MAIL OCTWARDI DELAYED. —lntelligente has reached the Admiralty that the steamer Iberia, Which let Bouthompton on the 27th alt. with the Peninsular mails, was obliged to put into Dartmouth on the 28th nit on account of the severe weather in the Channel, I nut/ that Ott proceeded on her voyage «t nOOll On the 30th. FRANCE. PARIS, SATRILDATEYRNINO, The Assembly's sitting of to-day was siit;e7i;ed by an official communisation of the governuient touching the mortality of children in Manchester, whieh will create no small astonishmeht across the Channel. I apprised you, in my letter of yesterday, that M. Nadaud had quoted from a report of M. Blanqui, made in the time of the Constituent Assembly, the astounding sta , ement that, out of 21,000 children' born in Lille, 20,000 died from hunger and cold be ' fore attaining an age beyond infancy. M. W.l4e, it seems, has been putting queatioos on this subject to the Prefect of the Nord, through the electric tele graph, and today he mounted the tribune to read a telegraphic despatch from Lille, which stated that the figures given by M. Blanqui were copied from M. Poncelet, and applied, not to the city of Lille, but Manchester. The sitting of the assembly to-day was presided over by M. Benoit d'Azy. M. Nadaud wished to present same explanations on the part of the Associa tion of Tailors of Clichy. Hereupon there arose a stunning call for the order of the day. But M. Mor timer-Ternaux having requested the assembly to allow M. Wetland to proceed with his explanations, that representative was beard, and answered by M. Morti mer:lmmix, who stuck to the facts which he had brought forward yesterday, and confirmed his general position by fresh allegations impugning the character of the ass3ciation. M. Madier de Moo jan strove in vain to prolong the discussion, the assembly calling vociferously for the order of the day. M. Moulin presented the report of the ccmmittre on M. Coeron's petition, which concluded with recommending the assembly to grant the authorisation fur proceeding to the arrest of M. Mauguin. M. Waisse, the Minister of the Interior then ap peared in the tribune, to rectify the statistical state ments which had been made by members of the Mountain reepicting the mortality of children •t Lille. The Left at first refuted to hear him, since M. Madier de Mont,* had not been permitted to speak. But the President of the Assembly insisting on the constitutional prerogative of ministers to address the house when they pleased, M. WhiASO proceeded to read the telegraphic despatch from Lille, part of which I have quoted above. The rest added that the mortality at Lille among children from one to five years old was one-third. The Assembly rejected the motion of MM. Scbml cher and Perrinon, proposing that slaves belonging to the domain of the state should tot be included in the colonial indemnity. The Minister of Commerce presented a bill relative to a dispute between France and Chili, on a questioo of tariff. After the report on petitions had been read for some time, towards the close of the eittint, M. Otrardin renewed his demand of yesterday fur placing on tie order of the day the report of M. Tillers on public assistance, and a report on the bill presented by M. Defaure ; but, after some words of explanation from M. Thters, M. Girardin wee induced to abandmi his motion. The tumultuous debate on the state of the working dames has been marked by the speeches of three workmen, one of whom, M. Nadand, may be consi dered as a genuine organ of the immense majority of °wirer. The other two characterised all the schemes of relief originated by the revolution of Fehraary Utopian. Oce of these was M. Peupin, before February a watchmaker, now a secretary of the Amsembly, and the other, M. Loyer, who is now a wealthy manufac turer and representative. The state of the li wee to-day was highly sdis famory. The Fives gained 39c. and closed at 96.65. There was a corresponding rise in other securities. No news, either foreign or domestic, circultved. Even the dotation w.s Ito longer talked about. Toe German news have ceased to have any influence on the French funds. Towards the Clore of the sitting of yesterday, after the Assembly hart burked the 2,000 cantonal repot ts on the state of the working classes, M. Emile de Girardin, wishing to farce the majority into a practical statement of their views cm this subject, moved that a bill on public as sistar.ce presented in 1849 should be placed on the I order of the day. This bill, it was said in the report of M. Coquerel, was to be "a noble answer to the madmen who foment sanguinary sedition, to achieve utopian vanities." Sv. ral members denied the exis tence of such a bill or report; but M. Durant,, with his usual incisive cle►rnees, established the existence of the bill, which be himself had presented, and etr ➢leined the motives of its having been shelved. In fact it gave the government too strict a surveillance over charitable institutions. M. Emanuel Arago proved also the existence of the report, and stated that be had heard a member of the committee ou Public Assist ance, of which M. Thiers was reporter, confess that the report of NI. Triers had not been brought for ward for debate, because it was felt that whatever advantage the majority might gain in the Chamber, they would have the voice of the country agienst him. This incident raised a tremendous storm. M. Placatory rushed to the tribune and defied, in terms little short of insult, M. Arago to name the member. M. Arago maintained the accuracy of his statement, but although he refused to give up the name of his in formant, he made a very bumble apology to the Assembly for repeating part of a private conversa tion, and has got himself slightly snubbed this morn ing by the pepers of his own party for the moderation of his tone. Tte Moniker plibliabes the averages of the prices of wheat in the last markets of the five classes into which France is divided, and which serve to regulate the import and export duties. The highest price per hectolitre is IM. 3c , and the lowest 124. Bc. The ge neral average is 13f. 780. SUNDAYEI'ENINO : At the close of the sitting yesterday, kl. Girardin announced that he should demand, on Monday, the placing on the order of the day of M. Thieris report on public assistance, and that he should move that a report on M. Dufaure's bill should be presented by the Committee on Public Assistance. M. Thiers re plied that the committee had not rejected the bill of M. Dufaure, but thought tkat it would be discussed with more advantage when the particular bills forming a part of the general scheme of public assistance had been voted. These had been either passed or were in the stage of report. The committee would devote ' itself next week to the examination of M. Dufaure's bill, and appoint a special reporter. The diacussion of that bill would form a good occasion for a general debate on public assistance. After thtee explana tions M. Girardin would not press his motion. The Committee of Initiative yesterday heard M. Saint Beare, who went into very long details on the proposition he deposed some days since, tending to organise the commercial regime of France on new bases, in a fres trade sense. Gen. Rulbieres met with a serious accident in de scending the staircase of the Genie dee Pyramidee, on Saturday. Having made a false step, he fell and ruptured the tendon uniting the knee-cap with the leg. He then fell on his head and became insensible. Medical aid was immediately called in. The General pissed a very bad night. • The celebrated Spontini, the author of " La Vestals" and " Fernand Corte:" has lately died, at Jeai, his native place, in the Homan States, where he had gone to peas the winter, in the hope of re-establishing his health. Being de sirous of attending divine service, in spite of the severity of the season, be took cold on leaving the church, which in a short time induced fatal results. He expired in the arms of hie wife, the sister of M. Breed, the celebrated pianist. The Dotation Bill, about which reports daily vary, is now expected to be presented on Monday or Tues day at Wad. This measure is opposed as precipitate by many of Louis Napoleon's friends. MM. de Lansartine, Billault, Flandin, Dnelerc, Bethmont, and Penny, were invited on Friday evening to form a odential dinner party at the Elysee. MM. Billault and Lamartine having been consulted daring the late ministerial crisis as to the formation of a cabinet, it is supposed that the guests assembled at the table of Louis Napoleon on this oc ossion will form part of the definitive ministry, the principle of whose composition would be in that coma mixture of Bonapartiats and republicans of the Centre Gauche. M. illanqui has adireend a letter to the papers, containing explanations relative to the statistical statements attributed to him with regard to the mor tality at Lille. He goatee the pelage in which M. Gooselot, surgeon at Lille, attributes to Manchester the frightful mortality ascribed by M. Nadaud to Lille. The Central Jury of Industry met yeeterday at the Ministry of Commerce, M. Charles Dupla taking the chair. Forty-five members were present. hi. Schneider, the Minister of Commerce, explained in a.speech the ' views of the government as to the London Exhibition. The jury answered through the organ of their presi dent, M. Charles Duple. It was settled that they should meet on Tuesday at the termines of the Northern Railway, to examine the articles sent for the London Exhibition. 09ausir I FAILS. hs. 1. I Far Mae,. reheat Lowest. MAW sa 57 95 97 91 96 t 5 99 40 96 63 9645 913 13 I 9(43 I " 8 pre ONO. —.. BB isr 95 5 per ONO. .. . ....... 9B CO O6 40 3 do. IN. Load. , ~ 14 do. do. 1 116 ' SO 96 30 Ipa DOM I lit „ 1 „ . „ Exchange cat loodos : at maid, 24 95; 00 d.ya. 14 77i. Bar, 5, Dato — Hooey Kaplan hoiden — Hooey 1, 1542 — .. Moman Loon 2930 :61 .. Da. 45 — . Da 1 aSto Di . Do. $0 rodasoot 5 oCt. 1 a 49 '1 73 .. f Rank sham. 2732 se Bornan.—Versailles (right bank), 171 2.5; ditto (left bank), 168 75 ; Paris and Orleans, 870; Paris and Rotten, 697 50 Marseilles and Arignon, 190 ; Strasbourg and Bile, 1 3 0 ; Centre (Vierzon), 405; Boulogne and Amiens, 231 25; Northern of France, 475 ; Paris and Strasbourg, 36250; Tours and Nantes, 250; Montereau and Troyes, I 95 ; Dieppe and Fteantp, 21.5. SPAIN. MADRID, SAN. 28. The new Minister of Marine, M. De Itdstallue, bee been sworn in, and tekrn poi,ession of his office. It is said that Gen. Payne will be appoint, d Captain- Genera of Madrid, M. N,,,z igary paesing.o MILDRID, JAN. 2-S.—Three per Cents., 341; after 1304:a, 341 cash, 341 paper. Four per Cents., 13. }ire per Cents., 131 ; after Boko, 131 paper, 13 cash. Coupons, 71. Passives, 4 1-16. Bank of St. Fenlimutd, 961 cash. Ex change on Loudon, 50.6.1 cash. BRAZILS. FALMOUTH, SUNDAY. This morning, just at the starting of the mail for the metropolis, her Majesty's packet Linnet, Lieut. James, arrived here from Rio Janeiro, Dec. 19. The fever bad again made its appearance in as viru lent a manner as before at Rio Janeiro a..d outskirts. The authorities desired to pi event the publication of the hire of mortality, in order to prevent a second panic in the commercial world, and with a view to avoid alarm therefrom. Freight, 40,0001. Exchange, 30 to 30j. The British tesident at Buenos Ayres had addressed a memorial to Mr. Southern respecting the negotia tion going on betwet n But nos Ayres and Brazil., ai.d had been informed, ;n reply, that the misunderstand ing would be settled by arbitration Led would not cause a blockade. _ General Guido wee living in retirement. The rains, it was hoped, would mitigate the vim lence of the fever. _ _ _ _ The arbitrary arrest of a French milliner at It had led to much excitement, and the French mann tides has taken up the matter. AMERICA. ARRIVAL OF TILE PACIFIC. [Hy Elect"le Telegraph.] (MOM OUR OWN CORIMAPONDENT.) LIVERPOOL, MONDAY, NooN. The arrival of the United Styles' Mel seam-ship Pacific, Cintain Nye, which has just entered our river, places us in p,wasion of six days' later intelli gence from New York than we ricesrea by the N:- agars. The Pacific has had extensive elterarEns made in her Eternal arrangements since she Let sailed from ibis port. the ' , drat d .tee from New York are to the 22nd ultimo, (the des of the steamer sailing) and from Boston to the 21st. The Pec:fic brings a good num ber of passengers sad a large carco. Advrces from California had been received to the Lit December. Our million and a half dollars of golf dust bad been receivers in the American ports from the mines. A fire had broken out at New 0 loins, whicsi do - tr..yed a cons:derable amount of property. The Sint Charles Hotel was burned. Business throughout the United States continued good. The market for American securities had fallen. C )tton was lower in price, and the receipts from the Southern States were increasiug. FATHER GAVAZZIS FIFTH ORATION, YESIERDAY AT Tilt PRINCESS'S CONCERT ROOM. CHARACTER or POPE PIUS IX. The influx of auditors testifies to the growing in ter, st of these Italian harangues ; and we noticed in the crowd several distinguishes members of the English bar, as well as many artists of celebrity, whose attendance we are not surprised at, for, whe ther as a new and exquisitely classic mode! of oratoric delivery, or a perfect study of varied and picturesque attitude, there is nothing in London that can stand a moment's compirierin with the dramatic or forensic display of this unrivalled speaker. To the initiated in Italy's musical idiom the rich ressurces of his varied and f irci'de vocabulary must be a subject of perfect astonishment ; while to the simple spectator, the rapid succession and variety of the orator's pan tomime and intonation, passing alternately from calm argument or soothing pathos to withering denuncia tion, suffice in themselves to convey the exact transi tion of feelings and emotions to which he gives ap propriate utterance in a language of unapproachable harmony. Tne father's appearance on the raieed orchrstra,when he prepared to address the assembly, by flinging the folds of his black mantle over his shoulder in as to reveal the cross of his order, was hailed by a burst of welcome. He came, he raid, to talk to them of a man once dear to them all, and most of all to himself, who had known him in personal Intercourse, a man whose every act bad been watched with intense soli citude, wlose every successive movement had caused the hearts of millions to throb in succession, with hope, joy, alarm, despondency, and despair. He spoke of the man Mastai, not cf the mask Pio Nono: disrobed of the sacerdotal stole, which is his own, deprived of the usurped sceptre, which is not, be recognised the bishop, though he repudiated the king. He came to-day to arraign him in his character of priest as well as of patriot, to put him at the oar of his God as well as of his country. At this time of day the farce of a donation from Con stantine, or the legendary muniments of King Pepin, or the more substantial legacy of Etrurian Matilda, were equally all anachronous pretensions. The day is gone by for nations to rank as objects of transfer, barter, bargain, or inheritance. To become the per sonal chattels of kings was ignominious enough ter mankind; to sink into a drove of cleric tl cattle was a still mare ignoble lot. The grounds of sovereignty are various, but the most rot-en claim of the whole was the title by which the Pops now breed over Rome, a deposit of royal rubbish shot out of the French baggage arts at the gates of the Vatican. Scorning to notice the king, he arraigned the• man for high misdemeanours against the land of hie fathers and the church of God. Christianity had passed the ordeal of a century of sar casm ; the irony of the scoffer and the shaft of ridicule had failed; it remained to see how the papal system would stand the test of calm reason and the scrutiny of a thinking generation. It was no fair trial of its efficiency to view it under the vacillating policy of Leo XII., or the stolid and drunken tyranny (il übbriaco nerouiggiare) of the six teenth Gregory. Give it a chance under the sway of a gen tleman with a heart in his bosom was the cry of its apolo gists. The hour came and the man. Did not the nations of earth clap their hands at the sight of the lung desiderated spectacle ?—was not the Popedom at last to set at rest the doubts and misgivings of mankind ? Could they still say a churchman never yet forgave when the word amnesty was proclaimed ?—when the power of the keys was for once used to unbar a prison. At the programme of a hierarchy linked with our common humanity afti r centuries of disseverance, Europe rose in rapturous r.cognition : Germany and England, the great laboratories of intelli gence, began to study the phenomenon with eager gaze. Prance, even under Gulled and Philippe's leaden influence, caught up a sort of spasmodic enthusiasm ; America wafted o'er the Atlantic on the wings of steam the exult ,lag plaudits of her freemen ; and even Turkey (not to spea.k of the Spanish peninsula) hailed the civilising change. The Jews joined in the general gratulation, and began to suspect the coming of their Messiah, so stupendous was the prodigy of a philanthropic Popedom. Need I describe the effect in Italy ? The social mischief of ages at once eradicated, hypocrisy abashed, religion redeemed from the baseness of a trade to become a sentiment and a boast— youth and manhood won at once to prize and practise its inculcations. The father, after a glowing picture of the pros pects of Christian piety in tae differeta states of Italy roonsequent on tha new attitude of the high priest, drew a dismal contrast, in which the utter odium of every ecclesiastical ordinance and the loathing of church ministrations now visible so painfully arum g all classes have succeeded, without hope of change but in the death of the preser.t occupant of the papal chair. He ascribed the sad catastrophe as entirely owing to the radical defect of his character—la mula cede—that fatal incapacity for plain-dealing which, in the history of m.dern timee, has been exemplified by the Stuart and the Bourbon, Charles I. and Louts XVI., productive in nom cases of unforgiving hostility to the throne as now to the tiara. Alen will overlook anything but a paltry attempt to cheat them on the part of monarchs—an outrage on their feelings as well as an insult to their understanding— despicable in a king, in • pope unpardonable. The speaker proceeded to trace this systematic habit of deception (the resource of timid and imbecile minds) in the earliest acts of his pontificate, and in 'he wording of ins various encycl.cal and political manifestoes, whether in the foil noon of his popularity, or in the disastrous eclipse of Gaeta : he never could be got to look a plain question in the face, his object being constantly to mystify and delude. His untruth fulness was exemplified by many flagrant instances, and, amor g the rest, the Father drew an amusing sketch of his interviews with, and subsequent repu diation of, Lord Minto. He demonstrated how hollow from the first was his grant of constitutional forms to the Hornets, never having had the slightest intention of surrendering a particle of papal despotism. His adoption of Roasi as an in strument of deceit was characterised as the acme of treachery. Ilia disguise as a footmen, and his ignomi nious flight, were but the natural impulses of a low cheat, reduced to the vilest expedients of trick and eva-ion. His notable discovery of a canon in the Council of Trent by which " the republic was excom municated" arose from the same obliquity of mind: as he must have been canscious that the canon he quoted only applied to parties misappropriating clutch revenues, and not to a nation averting anarchy by self-constituted government when aban doned by the chief magistrate whose ft gilt wet intended to create confusion and bloodshed, thou.!' in that 'illations scheme he was doomed to dis appointment. False at heart, ha charmed the heavy hours of his ignoble residence at Gaeta by the promulgation of falsehoods, denouncing the re public for having impeded the sacerdotal ministry, when the first act of his return was to incarcerate 40 priests, 'whose sole crime was mine own, that of having assisted the wounded and the dying victims of his bumbardiag auxiliarite." What more outrageous exhibition of a false and fraudulent idiosyncrasy than his professed abhorrence of war and bloudsheddrns, when summoned by the voice of Lai/ to head the general uprising in the glorious effort to shake off Austrian bondage, contrasted with hie eager outcry for foreign help and his truculent appeal to the cut-throats of Spate, Por tugal, Naples, and France, to come and gorge their sanguinary maw on the vitals of bleeding Rome; and, nut content with imbruing his conse crated bands ic the bloat of his people—eat satiefied with crushing the manhood of the eternal city under an avalanche of foreign savagery—he did what a priest alone could do, wii hout feeling tho full depth lof eel'-degradation, he foully traduced the woman , hood of his country, by proclaiming to Christendom 118 prostitutes the wives and daughters of Rome, 6.000 of whom, including every rank, thronged the hospi tals during the siege, o'seying the generous impulse of a !townie and patriot feeling to be rewanied by the dastardly detraction of this sacerdotal purveyor of broken limbs and gaping wounds to the military ambulance of his capital. lie to.i, became an amateur visitant of the hospitals, but restricted his visitations to the French, among whom he was profuse of rose- ries aid otb,r amulets f.um the Vatican toydeltop, amid the jeers of the unbelieving Gehl. Ai. antitne the common rites of decent burial were grurig.d to :he defenders of their country, aid in hie evening drives towards tt e villa P.Lmfiii he mimed to ehiti with complacency the odour of hie own hendiw.ak. lid the Cdhuni•i - eshe brought on us make inroad on his corpulence? Dick he "came from title wish un dimminhed rotundity and prostorous obesay, a credit to the Portiei lareer and 0 ie•a kitchen, to r at hie weary Goad, weary wi.h devising impostures, on the pillows of his Homan pavilions to the distant music tit m .ternal groat s and sistti ly lamentntions. sod the shrieks of witiowhood. Ile has, forsooth, a conscience so delicately organized that the great obstacles to his statesmanship are his tender' scruples. Why the man has not common honesty. In his dealings with Piedmont what cures he how he damage the Christian creed, if he can turn it into an engine of Austrian intrigue and annoyance. Con he not wink at the shooting of priests in Lombardy, and trials at the drum head there of clerical patriots ; wh ile ' in Sardinia, to put a sacerdotal swindler or adulterer at the liar of his country is found by this man of unblushing duplicity to he a sacrilege. lie can pocket the alms of Christendom, and employ them in sub sidizing a lot of wretches to shout at his chariot wheels, as they roll over the stones of Rome, ready to rise in mutiny against his abhorred rule. Ile can dis tribute gold medals to his police and to Mouta lembert, bestow a golden diadem on the winking Madonna of Rimini, and cripple the trade and crush the industry of the whole territory, and deliver up to Jew brokers the resources of generations yet unborn. Ile can keep men in irons for eighteen months without trial, like Ccrnusehi, Monsignor Ganola, and the gallant Major Calendrelli. The first has been acquitted, the second has escaped his malignity, and the last still lingers, untried and unaccused, in the sacerdotal dungeons: and people talk of his " remorse," and his wish to " renounce the tiara and carry into retirement a heart stricken with the woes of his country." Why, the last interview I had with the man his first word to me was, " Father, I'll listen to you, hut on condition you don't pronounce the name of Italia." I pointed to the tricolor cross on my breast, and leR his pre- Bence forever. (Cheers.) The speaker dwelt on the utter and deplorable dis appearance of religions fee lingo throughout the por tion of Poly, south of the Po. The biter alienation of hearts and intellects, the wholesale abandonment of 'he church and its doctrines, which is sought to be feebly and in driblets, couoterbalanced by a haul iii the " fisherman's" net, exhibiting some votaries of fashion and hallucinated visionaries in England to whom R)meis unknown, and who live at a convenient distance for enchantment. Were its court and its corruptions familiar to the ken of these sad victims to a nt mpholepsy of incredible delusion, the list of con verts would be woefully curtailed. Simon Magus. not Simon Peter, presided over the organisation of the conclave and its subordinate machinery. Anto- , ' Weill was a worthy eon of his father, the no- torinas brigand, first lieutenant in his day of Oaaparone. the exploits of both being still clas- , sic records in the district of Fra Diavolo, Terracina. The actual life and soul of the Papal government was the infamous Nardoni, whose condemnation to the galleys for robbery, in the year 1811, is on the publie records of Forli, and whose wattle career has been a tissue of rascality. Terror and dismay pervade the social life of the Romans: no press to enligh•en— no tribunals to shelter—no representative to remon strate—no pulpit to persuade, for reliAion bas become the ignoble pander to tyranny, and her holy influences have departed, never to return. If religion is to re sume her empire over men's minds in Italy, she must come arrayed in a very different garb from the livery of the Vatican. The trail of the serpent slavery is on her path; she hue become the degraded handmaid of oppression. A religions revolution will be the inevitable concomitant of the approaching political deliverance of the peninsul for religion is an indispensable element of human society, and without its ennoblirg aspirations it were folly to dream of a regenerated Paly. (Cheer...) The late lucid interval in the long dismal derangement of their desolate annals, had taught them the utter in compatibility of a sceptered Pope, either with Italian Christianity or Italian independence. (Cheers.) They must have a creed and a worship worthy of freemen, worthy of the manhood that held Venice for 18 month/ against the confederated ene-gies of northern bar barism, and taught Europe that soldiership is not extinct in the old land of the legionaries; worthy of the valour that kept Rome for sixty daTs against the trained cohorts of France, it. engineering skill, and its scientific artillery : worthy of the men who took their stand at Curtalone and Montanara against the Austrian, and discovered by' . the first uprising at Milan the terrible secret of foreign decrepitude when a people acts in unison for freedom. The church of the future must adapt itself to the future development of the Italian mind and the com ing reemption of our country. The Popedom may be a system suited to suckle slaves, but is manifestly unfitted for the nurture of full grown freemen. (The applause was frequent and load.) DISCIIARGES PROM TUE ARTILLERY AND SAPPERS ♦ND MlNERS.—During last month 104 non-commissioned ofticcrs and men have been recommended for discharge, 30 of whom are nut entitled to any penaion. INDIA. THE OVERLAND MAIL. We have received our usuil despatches in advance of the India mail. The chief news by this arrival is the installation of S.r J. Grey and Sir W. G..min, and the departure of Sir C. Napier and Sir Wiaoug , iby Cotton. The latter general arrived at Malta OD the 1 27 th nit. The dates are Bombay 3rd, and C.ilcutta 21st of January. Our correspondent at Bombay writes as follows: BOMBAY, JAN. 3. The new commander-in-chief c.i the Bombay army, Sir John Grey, arrived on S.:ll'day last, the 29th, and was sworn into office next day et noon, at Perell, special council having been a aced for the occasion. Sir W. Cotton's farewell order is dated the 29.11, and is a simple but affectionate document. The order of government announcing his resignation is one of the must cordially worded I ever remember to have read. Sir Willoughby and Lord Falkland were believed almost always to have pulled well together in council, and the tenor of the order was therefore pretty generally foreseen. Sir Jemn Grey's short address to the army is exactly what it should re, for no army has ever earned higher distinction, either in the field or in garrison, for gallantry and implicit obedience to authority under the most trying and difficult circune stances. These documents weal doub.lrss be read with as much pleasure in Ike lard as ti ey have been in India. Sir Charles Nap:er's tr rewell eider to the Bengal army is written in the bitterest terms: he taxes the officers with being generally is debt, and with being, in plain terms, a sit of gatnhli.:g spend thrifts. The Governor-General's notification of Sir Charlee'a resignation is looked fur with great interest, as it is well known the two great men never agreed together. I before alludea to the fact of the hero of Meanee having refused to refund a farth.ng of the overpaid Scinde prize money. It now appears that the Governor-General referred the matter home, and that he received from his eon:Jumble masters a gentle wigging for Lot acting at once when he became aware of tee general's refractory conduct, and was directed to authorise the Accountant-General to do the needful with Sir Charles's pay till the said overdrawn amount was refunded. Sir Chsrles embarked from Feruzepore on the Sutlej on the 16th tilt, and may most probably be in Bombay by the 10th instant it so, he will pro ceed home by the mail steamer of the 17:h. lie will. of course, visit the battle field of Meaner., where the greatest of his honour, was won, and spend a few days at Kurrachee, whi re the steam frigate Moozuffer awaits his pleasure. Sir W. Gomm was to leave esteems fur the north-west in Christmas week: his address to the Bengal army, on assuming command, was a sound and sensible one, giving prorMse that the rigorous hand of authority we uld be for ever stretched out to uphold discipline at its highest pitch. The Governor-General quitted Lahore on the 14th, and reached Wuzeerabad somewhere reboot the 18th, where he on the 24th was to rub shoulders with his highness of Cashmeer. The diplay of trove to take place on the occasion would, it was expected, be extremely imposing. Io this there is much good policy, as it would show his alippery rajah ship what he might expect if ever he should be tempted to forget himself towards us. But of this contingency there is very little chance. Goolaub Singh has too gri at a emitted for number one to do anything to displease us, how ever much he might teel incline dto du so. The Go- vet nur-General was attended b the Commiesioner as far as the scene of the met-• nig ; from thence to Peshawur the noble marquis would be accom panied by Mr. John Lawrence, brother to Sir Healey, woo is accounted one of the cleverest men in the Bengal civil service. 030 of the Ditch papers etas put forth a statement that the Marchioness Dal heusie hes preferred a bill on the Bengal government fur carriage while travelling along with her lord and m ester in the north-west! and the bill is said to nave been referred to the Governor General for audit. Sir W. Gilbert will, it to expected, be sue c eded at Lahore by General Battiue, unless the former gallant officer should be. given another year's grace ou the staff, as is reported to be far fro:n un likely, and as having been asked for. Sickness was diminishing ski sly at the different stations in the runisub ; out, strange to ass-, the he,el , h of the let Fusil.ers at Lahore eines bud, if not worse, than ever. On the 19th Dec., out of a total strength of 762, they had 220 in hospital, at d 90 on the con valescent list—the deaths during the month having been 28! Toe regimeut had lost since its arrival at Lahore on the 7th of January last, 130. The Lahore Chronicle says, " The march into Anar kullee may afford some relief, but to our mind the let Fusiliers ought to have 1. ft. Lahore months ago." Sir Joseph Thackwell left M. erut on a tour of in spection on the 26th of December, and would be atesent for about a month. Captain Nutball, of the 23rd Madras N. 1., second in comtnsul of the 4th Puojaub Cavalry, died at Itlooltan in the Bth of December, on his way to Kurrachee and Bombay on medical certificate. Mr. Fiingle, ex-commissioner in Scinde, has resigned the service. Seinde supplies little in the shape of news : the weather had been "curious" for some time, and sickness was becoming prevalent, more especially at Hyderabad. Sir G. F. Berkeley was expected back at Madras early in the present month from his tour. Nothing has transpired as to his visit to the capital of the Nizam. The death of the Rev. Dr. Meiklejoho, senior mieister of St. An drew's Church at Calcutta, on the 11th December, when he was on the point of starting for the Cape, will be heard of with regret by a number of his friends at home, who had been led to believe the rev. gentleman was in a mending way. The death of Messrs. T. Bracken and P. O'llaulon of Calcutta, will also be heard with regret by hundreds to whom therm gentlemen were known. Brigadier-General James and Colonel Jameson have gone to the Cape; and Colonel Grant, of the Engineers, to England, on sick leave. Sir W. Cotton embarks this evening for England. He has, it is said, dispensed with the limitary show usual upon such occasions—as did S.r John Grey, on lauding on Sunday last. The four Kojahe convicted of murder at the last sessions were hung on the 18th ulr. The rope by which one was suspended broke, and the wretened man fell strangled and nearly senseless t 3 the ground. He was, upon this, carried into the jail, and every means humanely resorted to to bring him round, for the pur pose of being re-hung, a ship doctor having volun teered his services on the occasion ! When brought to so far is that he could set up agains. the back of a chair, his head hanging on his breast, he was carried up to the drop, and there a second time cast off sitting in the chair! The barbarity—the atrocious heartless ness of bringing a man back to a sense of his wretched fate only to re-bang him, cannot be too loudly condemned, and will not be palliated by the greatest stickler fur capital punishments. Is it not a question worthy of discussion whether the act of restoring the wretched criminal to consciousness was not illegal an well as barbarous? Why not have let him lay where he fell, and where he would in a few momenta have died ? No! the cord was cat from his neck, and he, as it were, brought from the gates of death again to be consigned to them. Dr. Buist has been eazetted as sheriff of Bombay for 1851, as in my last I told yen he was to be. Au eminent and long-ratablishei firm, Messrs. Dadabhoy and Muncherjee Pestonjee,has sus pended payment : their liabilities amount to about 250,0001., but if time be given it is believed the assets will more than pay their creditors in full. They have heretofore been considered as amongst the most opu lent of the Parsee community. A rew firm, Phillips, Brothers, and Co., has just been set up here. Mr. J. T. Bell, the overland parcels agent, has joined the house of A. H. Ruschke and Co., and a Mr. A. T. Binny that of Ritchie, Steuart, and Co., as partners. The up-country papers received to-day are news less. At Loodhiana Sir Charles Napier issued the follow ing farewell address, of which the Bombay Times, in its summary, says : It is probably not yet generally known to the European reader that the personal liabilities of the British officers in India to their various creditors exceed a million sterling, that four-fifths of our subalterns are in debt, and that the civil service is still worse in this way than the military. This woeful state of matters, with all the sad train of de plorable consequences attendant on it, is almost entirely due to habits of selfish or sensual indulgence and gross per sonal extravagance which have for many years past been creeping in amongst us—to horse-racing and other varieties of gambling, balls and dinners on a scale met with at home only amongst the nobility—the use, ad libitum, of cham pagne and other expensive liquors—with, at the presidency, house-nets and cquipNica double or triple chat can be alivremal. That these things are not the result of low pay