The Express. — London, England, 1852-01-03 00:00:00

The erprefig. TO CORIZEPONDENTS. • swig! SOW' of " The Itaproa. esabbiag • lir mar twain'. lbserro." r piabbod every Tubby sal Friday .bLion lbw br par. arnmUsenrais kr "Mb Ispres," Lambs Veda( ppm sub ws Ur Or.. It brawelartraa, T,. We b& os *ay el pallirobra NIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDON. tem Dia—allinin. ba.........Afterama. Ilk. *fa hmoisairw—blararib Uk. ers........airirrassa. 12a Is. LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 3. Ir is asserted that one of the reasons of Lord PALMERSTON'S retirement was the demand, or something like • demand, made by • high mem ber of the cabinet—nut Lord JouN - RUSSELL—of a personage in the coutidence of the Elysee, to obtain sa assurance front Loris NAPOLEON, that he meant IN ly to respect the treaties of Vienna. Could th e lt i Tonounceil at the opening of Parliament, it would, it was said, be of the best effect. We by no means wish to give any opinion at present on the wisdom or the inexpediency of making such a de mand. But we are compelled to state it, in order ~to record the very important fact that such demand was not complied w rib. Our contemporary, the Times, which revealed to the world the tact of the demand, sow admits that it was met by evasion or refusal. The 21tnes adds that Loris INAroteoe is about to send confidential agents to the four chief courts which constitute the powers of the congress of Vienna, in order to sound their opinions on different subjects, but especially relative to how far the delimitations of the treaty of Vienna are to be considered sacred. Our correspondent writes, that it is M. PertaltiNt who is to proceed to Frankfort, there to commune with the representatives of the great powers assembled in the Diet. M. PERSIONT went upon a similar errand before. At a time when Freesia was making head against • hostile league, of which Austria and Bavaria were the chief members, Louts NAPOLEON sent M. PER . MONT to Berlin, where it is well known he made offer of all aid and alliance, provided he were allowed to take that portion of the Bavarian Palatinate loft to France in the treaty of 1814, but taken from France in the treaty of 1815, by way of punishment for the outburst of Waterloo. This tract contains the important fortress of Landau, as well as Sane- Louis, Philippeville, and Marieuburg. Landau was garrisoned, like \layence, by fedenn troops. In the Rhenish insurrection, however, Landau had been seized ur had gone over to the insurgents, and the Prince of l'uts•sti had re-captured and re-garri soned it. LOUIS NAPOLEON'S demand of the frontier of 1814 is not, we believe, the first. The elder Boulteoes reckoned ou getting it with the consent of Runic And M. Timm, who saw traces of the negotiation is his office when in power, made no secret of it. The only dillerence was, that M. TIMERS hoped to gain the restitution with the Ailment and support of England, the elder BOURBON with the assent and support of Russia. M. PERSIGNT represented that it was a common object to all the sovereigns of the continent that Louts NAPOLEON should succeed, should . put down the republic and anarchy, and that for this purpose it was requisite that he should have something to show to France with pride, as his acquisition for her. lie, Louis NAPOLEON, had rather not do this by war. What he aimed at was peaceful conquest. Be,would be content with the frontier that the allied powers had given to France in 1814, being the fron tier in 1792. It does not appear that M. PERSIGNT'S represen tation made the least impression upon the court of Berlin, which had enough of ' enmities on its hands, without embarking in a French alliance, and which, whatever its cause of complaint against Bavaria and Austria, could scarcely have lent itself to a con vention that would have deprived her own Rhenish possessions of their German fron tier and defence. M. PEILSIONT failed, as • presidential diplomatist. lie is now about to try whether he may not succeed as an imperial one. A great deal might be said on both sides. But for the present we can augur nothing but failure and disappointment from the mission of M. Pie staroT and of the other Nspoleonite envoys in their efforts to get the territorial arrangements of 1815 altered for those of 1814. It is to be now regretted that the three great powers have shown so little res pect for that treaty of Vienna whose decision they affect to regard as sacred. Russia has done precisely what she pleased with these treaties, in the am of Poland and of Cracow. The treaty of Vienna stipulated that German states should have constitu tions, and that certain German cities should be in dependent and free. When the powers of the East insist on LOUIS NAPOLEON rigidly respecting the treaties of Vienna, he can reply, "In what I my pose I respect them just as much as you have done yourselves. Should the diplomacy of the Elyse*, minim this tone, it would at least riot bo weak in its logic, however defective in principle or honesty. Tat electric telegraph last night brought the fel lowing message from Manchester : " The masters cams to resolutions for giving a week's notice to close workshops on the 10th of mar," Whilst congratulating masters and sea a kw days dale *pen the p as hembadea this b put to a aratroversy 11161 theeeksed b seas an es blonseiwe Wri g gle, we bed se wish to didirb theqpimmeatenky between the respective paean by lavidier anissay sate the las i ti n e n al e righl . le sr ail l.l. arm hose the oitit la vibkh we have ask dheeideee Advisedly, we eh h era wheb oar Now patient, may` prowibil es real pkt at ioseo Ilkodieder mesas ail their 11111.116111110. t else meee eihnood. sot to 611166 etaideigfela the ediar try the to*. et tie mass where/ *am IPllle to be We Ihe eau de the basest of the widow fright Wad* bloke% allselksly, if the eel& were emeillicitly ba v igise smit of prudeese to bedaw was worth the M alt s nit sormsailt miirrin; it—to ..ay MIMI e t i rd NMI dietn "NOV in fa an yto u ve wassailer. Wise trig a " strike" as WPad awe dim Waft, In= eedlit yam let eeedisviag TALLETZAND VIM* than aloft we marsimib trulall the peril that so imam a slop *WI be hoarded by • tr a d ambient at awatentla in t, and Ibeabalweesbeers. MR this ob gampratively wia both elfish ift emu lators sal Plastesiale • imatimh plater ere i tilskire were ' end mai Wit int ben adrift Am • &rite betweas ali Z ie r din and la a single setallbhment. head. ..gaged by the firm in gaieties, or • MIS Se twelve *man& subscribing members ill dr Amalgamated Society, were but parts of a dir larger whole which would be sadly thrown oa t. of gear, if not brakes up altogether, if their amiatris movements, or beet remstance to all mo ssassat, were to be oseelArilzood. For the mho at the g reat mass of the MI we beefed that theliew which was withheld migh be Sealy averted • Batt tbst the pea vedi reipir dicedgedisa—origsbie: if ihr wide aid sobered kook le all ii =iteteeso lisped apes 6o ionstviel pae pries;tiNl7l--ehould act be wandered apes as as aerrew sad quesdcsalde as that width the era their own 'howler hem led pospost. liniet Ae restion has now, how ever, bussed p stage which requires attention to semi esieseemoginan. The step tiken by the men los bi the meet= Ms fix the 10th of January ea the it OR width the daps are to be closed. weal. 'a w *Me," says Mr. BAIBBAOR. who bee disieseed this seleset in the genuine spirit of a askaille philanthropist, jaW&ble only if it fulfils them dweeeteditiont—First, that it conduces to the bessit of the whole number of persona cm ; eseendly, that it prevents fraud ; end thirdly, k laterfwes ea little as pssible with the free of . every individual likely to MOW within its Theory and experience alike concur in showing bow few can be the occasions, and holg delicate most be the management ett the couiliinsfflons which fulfil these requisites. The 'abr, loam's offers barely an exception to the rule that all states are invariably injurious to the very parties fm whose benefit they were undertaken. AU the ehanom are against the workmen.,Ja isoh conflicts.. tither the trade which they have brought to. a sudden stop disappears altogether, or new hands arc introduced and educated to supersede the old, or ma chinery is invented by which the works, for merly entrusted to skilled labourers are per manently and more economically performed. So ciety generally gains in the long run by the event, and the manufacturer sometimes; but the operative, almost without exception, comes out a loser from the hazardous contest which he has him self provoked. That such must be the most frequent result of a workman's combination against his employer, we have more than the incidental results of by gone experiments to prove. The affluence of trade is one of the most sensitive, not to say capricious, elements of human fortune. It depends in some de gree upon cheapness; in some upon quality; but in a still greater measure upon the certainty of supply. With this last-named quality the occurrence, or even the apprehension, of a "strike," may fatally inter fere. Nor are the foregoing elements unaffected. Price, for example, may be considerably and disastrously enhanced by the same influences. In the composite processes of manufacture, it often happens that a regular supply of one ingre dient may be essential to the employment of a long succession of operatives. Coal to the workers in iron; yarn t the weavers; chemicals to the calico printers; and machinery to all—are things that cannot be dispensed with. A strike in one depart ment may forcibly suspend operations in all the rest —and to obviate some of the risks attendant upon such eventualities, the manufacturers in these several departments are often forced to keep large supplies on hand of raw or semi-manufactured matenals. Better this, than to run the risk of total stoppage • but the result is, that a large amount of capital is left to lie practically idle, and the principals pay,—or rather the consumer has to pay—in theend a heavy premium by way of insurance against the risk of a " strike." We will not insult the understanding of the least educated operative by further explanation of the loss that he and his fellows must sustain by an increase in price of the article finally sold not arising from any enhancement in the wages paid to themselves. Another disadvantage results to the workman, — even more destructive to his moral well-being than the diminution of his wages. Fearing the possi bility that his workmen may take an undue advantage of his necessity, the manufacturer acquires the habit of concealing from them the amount of the demand ho has to supply. When orders flow in abundantly, he dreads lest the operatives strike for an advance, or by other contrivances snatch out of his hands the prospective gain. He preserves, there fore, a mysterious and disadvantageous silence on the subject; and the workmen, in their turn, being left without other indications than vague rumour, as to the probable duration or impending close of the term of activity, find the work slacken and the wages diminished at a moment when they are un prepared to encounter the inevitable vicissitudes which would, in fact, have lost half their severity if fair warning had been given of their approach. THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, JANUARY 3, 1852. FRANCE. INSTALLATION OF LOUIS LNAPOLEON AT NOTRE DAME. PARIS, THOSSIDAT BVINING. The good luck which seems to have attended the arrangements of Louis Napoleon since his coup d'etat deserted him to-day; for the gaudy pageant ap pointed to celebrate his triumph has been drowned in a dense fog. With singular fatality all those ope rations which ought to have been conducted with scrupulous circumspection and deliberation, such as the sifting of the polls by the Consultative Commie lieu, have been burned and precipitated in the most slovenly manner, on purpose that the grand pomp of the President's 111111.01. ration might correspond with the opening by of the new year; and the now year epees will e freezing mist which renders the most finetydruell and the most shabby objects equally 01:11011101111111 at N pares of end at a hundred equally invieibb. This fatal conersiessere has continued the whole lay with unintermitted perseverance, and is now thawing a compassionate veil over the scanty illumined's& A. early as eight o'clock, notwithstanding the log and frost, sight-loving Paris was all a het to see the show, rolling in • living sew= of most uncomfortable aspect towards the little isle in the Seine, whence Paris first sprung, and where its cathedral now stands. At 10, the Lennon of the Invalides gave the signal for the troops to emerge from their berracks and take up their posi tions. Ten guns were fired for each million of votes. It is said that eighty were discharged in all. The whole lino of street from the Elysee to Notre Dame along the quays was occupied by a double lino of infantry. Each regiment marched, its band ahead, with 0 sonorous metal blowing martial sounds;" and for the first time since the 2nd of Dec. tho drum was heard. A certain set of streets were monopolised for the passage of the carriages of people furnished with tickets to be present at the ceremony ; so that sergens de ville and municipal guards were engaged in a perpetual strife with erratic carts, whom drivers were often only reduced to order at the sword's point. The bitterest ill-humour was visible among the offi cers of the army and the police among the whole line, and the smallest contravention of their words of command on the part of common wayfarers, male or female, was the signal for explosions of the coarsest and most ridiculous menaces. The Place do Parvis, or square in front of the cathe did of Notre Dame, was occupied by a regiment of lancers. It was not until I reached the corner of the great stone edifice which faces the church that I could sec the huge towers looming through the fog. All the effect of the decorations and the brilliant diversity of bunting was completely lost. In trent of the Gothic rose window in the centre of the facade, was a red banner with gold stars, in the midst of which was inscribed the sum of votes in round numbers, 7,500,000. The architec tural lines of the old dark cathedral were distinctly marked by the hoar frost, which had settled along them like a fall of mow. At a quarter to twel% a e rs . l bu r rz e rs ve note of the President's approach. He w ed by strong detachments of lancers and ineers, who, as they arrived, formed on either site the deep Gothic portal of the church. The President was in a coach drawn by four horses, with postilions in green and gold liveries. His two qffiriers d'ordosaance, Edgar Ney and Fleury, rode at either panel. To my great surprise, I perceived fink he was dressed in the uniform of a lieutenant geesral of the line. And I beg you to note this cir einotance, as it is the leading feature of the day's aormony. The clergy came, with the archbishop at their head, in procession to meet him as a sovereign, at the door of the church. In the interior of the nave purple velvet, embroidered with gold, struck the eye, already dazzled by the brilliant light, which like fiery net work filled up the depths of the aisles. The pillars, the benches in the tribunes, the supports of the galleries surround ing the great nave, were all covered with imperial velvet, and garlanded with leaves and flowers. High above the pillars were orna mented with banners of a purple colour, strewn with golden stars, with the letters L. N. Between the columns of the upper galleries near the roof there hung 90 more flags, bearing like those outside, but with a richer decoration, the arms and names of the principal cities and departmental towns. The skill of the architect of Notre Dame, and the taste of the director of the Beaux Arts were admired in nothing more than in the fitting up of the choir and transept. The immense dais of red velvet trimmed with gold, which covered the altar and the chair, and " Prie Dieu" of ,the President, had es eneellent effect. The draperies of the whole tredept seen by the light of 20 lustres were rich in the extreme. The grandeur and interest of the seem was greatly increased when the public func tionaries and privileged visitors took their places. The mayors and delegates from all the arrondisse ments of France came first; many of them were their robes, but the greater part were in plain end only ornamented by the tri-coloured scarf. Inthediately above these sat numerous functionaries SMEAR. and distinguished puesasages with tickets km sees one of the ministate. Nearer the chair id ea dmo right and left of the WV the peiseipel Jiff ann of the army and of the National Omni of Paris. The members of the Oneaktive Oriedie aid the members of the differed Ilisoldes, the pre frets of the Seine, and of the polies, and all the pre fect peened at Paris, took their seats on the grand platform, es the left of the transept. at the same time that the judges of the Court of Csamtion, of the Court el de the Cant of Appeal, and the other dellteimeleeleepledtheagpasiteplatform. Tribune earramingthetweplatidne were reserved for ladies of the moo ifidowsligees and others. The foreign andededere cad ministers were placed upon re served oats, beim the platform, on the right of the and opposite to corresponding places pre t=itt ministers on the other side. The most notable feature in the decorations of the interior of the cathedral was the selection of mo narchic names, which had been blazoned on the hangings of the nave. These were Charlemagne, Franems 1., Louis XIV., and Napoleon, all of whose glories were associated with the aggrandisement of France by conquest. The great bell of Notre Dame, the " Bourdon," immortalised by the poet who is now in exile at Brussels, began to toll as the President alighted and entered under the crimson pavilion, which was extended beneath the central statue-studded archway. Acclamations there were none. lie was received with no demonstrations of any kind ; nor was there the least show of enthusiasm even in the prmtorians who surrounded him. The ministers, tho marshals of France, the ad mirals, the officers of the President's household, General Magma, and a largo staff, accompanied the President When the ceremony was over, there was a little leas coldness among the spectators inside the church ; and the cheers of " Vivo Napoleon!" were pretty general. But outside all was apathy ; not a voice was raised to cry, " God bless him !" He went back by the 9uays, attended as he came, but instead of con tinuing his journey to the Elysee, his carriage turned in under the archway of the Louvre, into the Place du Carrousel, and hence gained the Tuileries. The lancers dismounted in the square,piled their emirs, and ray about to chafe their frozent a mt The people gazed vacantly through the grate of the Carrousel, and some said, "II y est," and others re sponded, with a laugh, "11 y restera." Lusty- lunged fellows were bawling medals of the new potentate for sale at two sous. On one ride is the head of Louis Napoleon, with the inscription —Born at Paris, 1808. On the other side is the number of the votes by which he has been raised to be the arbiter of the destinies of France. The receptions then took place at the Tuileries; but no speeches were made. PARIS, FRIDAY MORNING. We are informed this morning by the Moniteur, that the palace of the Tuileries will bo henceforth the official residence of the President of the Repub lic. After the receptions of the constituted bodies, the President inaugurated his new residence by a ben9uet of 400 covers, at which were present the ministers, the diplomatic corps, the members of the Consultative Commission, the Prefects of the Seine and of Police, the new Municipal Council of Paris, General Lccwestine, and the colonels of the National rie s . dolfTist, n oen ot least, G y e o n;r i ll aris. May n taa ber ie religiously borrowed from the number el his motel guests at the same royal residence when installed as Pint Consul. With regard to the cere mony of yesterday,. I find little in the Menitenr's recount this morning to add to the recital which I sent yesterday. Meanwhile, it confirms the note ' worthy fact which I mentioned, of the President ap -1 peering for the first time in the uniform of a lieut enant-general of the army, and not, as heretofore, of the national guard—a circumstance the more neccs say to note, as the accounts of some evening papers are false in this respect, and have missed a main fea ture of the day. The Minister of War, St. Arnaud, was alone with the President in his carriage. Not only was Louis Napoleon received like a sovereign at the door of Notre Demo by the clergy in proces sion; but after the Te Deism was chaunted the 4 . Dwaine miens fee Republican et Napokenem." The former of these words will, however - be soon as completely obliterated as the thing. Louis Napoleon is already de facto Emperor ; and the passion for dis play, which he possesses in a supreme degree, will make him without delay assume the title. The Prefect of the Var, to enforce the disarmamen of the inhabitant' of the department, announces that any one found in possession of arms after 24 hours from the publication of tho present decree shall be arrested and delivered over to the military autho rities. Gen. d'Alphonse, commander of tho state of siege in the department of the Cher, has published a decree, declaring that whoever shall give asylum or refuge, permanent or momentary, to accomplices in the late resistance to the coup &fiat, shall be tried by cow t-martial, and punished accordingly. General Castellano has dissolved all the fraternal associations of Lyons; and ordered that their affairs shall be immediately wound up in the presence of a commissary of police. Any person contravening the decree will be prosecuted as a member of a secret society, the punishment for which offence is, as you know, transportation. This is perhaps the most shocking . instance of tyranny that yes yet occurred. The principle of as sociation is dear to the labourer. He feels that by' this principle ho can hope gradually to improve his condition, and to secure for his own enjoyment a fair proportion of the fruits of his own labour. Political economists may doubt the eventual success of these associations ; but the experiment has now been long and extensively tried, and many of these bodies are now flourishing, and, what is of at least equal im portance, contented. To dissolve them forcibly is to attack not only liberty but property; and to punish hesitation in submitting to an injustice so shocking to the conscience with transportation, is a cruelty at which the heart sickens. The prefect of the Nievre has followed the example of some others of his colleagues, and published a de cree, ordering all political emblems without excep tion, and particularly the words " Liberte, Egalite, and Fraternite," which are inscribed on public and private buildings in the department, to be effaced. The trees of liberty arc to be cut down and given, for fuel to the poor. REPORTED ASSUMPTION OF THE TITLE OF EMPEROR PARIS, FRIDAY Evssiso. The constitution is expected to appear in one of the next numbers of the Mondeur is even said in that of to-morrow. The Ist article is, I ant informed, as follows : "The President of the Republic takes the title of Emperor." At this moment I understand that money is coin ing with the effigy of Louis Napoleon. On the re verse is an eagle. This impenal emblem is, how ever, said to bo represented with the head under the wing, and to be surrounded by the motto, "Je dors, me m avid.: pas.' I hear that coins have been struck with the inscription of " Louis Napoleon, Em pereur." The external inscription is Dice protege la France." The sittings of the corps legislatif are to be pub lic ; but no stenographic report is to be suffered to appear in any paper. The Mondeur will give a sort of developed proce4 verbal, that is, merely minutes of des sittings; and even this scanty report will not be permitted to appear in any paper until the day after it is published in the Mondeur. I understand that diplomatic missions to the great marts are confided to MM. Urouyn de l'Huys, Bro oke, and two general officers, probably Baraguay (Hillier, and d'Hautpoul. Brenier was temporary Minister of Foreign Affairs about a year ago. The instinct of the people yesterday was hot mis- Mken in predicting that Louis Napoleon would take mi his permanent residence at the Tuileries. This shrewd guess has been confirmed by the Moniteur of this morning, which informs us that for the future the palace in question will form the official residence of the President of the Republic. If the Moniteur of to 11111ffiVe were to contain an erratum, saying, " for ismoblic read Empire," I believe that few would bo The President is already Emperor de facto ; whether the title be assumed to-day or to-morrow, matters little. No proclamation however grandiloquent meld stretch his power, which is absolute, and as tmlimited as that of the Czar or Sultan. Louis Na poleon has already, if I am rightly informed, taken some important steps suitable to his new position, and imalogoustothemodelofhispiousimitation. The minis lets see, I understand, to occupy in thenew regime quite • aessiodary place, and will, m fact, become merely sembisteative clerk& Under these circumstances, like M. de Morny may, evidently from of their relations with the Prosi est, silks to • much more distinguished post. Ia fact I - bear that Louis Napoleon will no longer hold direst smaimmiesdem with the ministers ; but the ministerial Wilms will be Stared throngh a sometaryshi soale to the in stitution by of This Midas superior to that of any minister, is said Is be Essilmed is M. de Morny. I ansamind to you some time that M. Ber m the praliet of the Seine, would ago lie replaced by M. de Maoism, and that some other official dis ts would take place in consequence. I un d that these changes are now upon the se of completion. The prefecture of police is is be abolished. The municipal attributions of this ire are to be included in the prefecture of the liaise, and the other functions relating to police and security are to form a new department in the mi adAry of the interior, at the head of which M. de St. Georges, director of the Imprimerie Nationale, is to be placed. M. Arright de Padone, a veteran Bonapartist, who expected to be made prefect of the Seine, but has bens set aside, on account of his age, is said to be rapas. brioas et the preference granted to M. do Louis Napoleon now drinks deep in the cup of flattery. It is true that the wino is not generous, it is udulterated with the poison of insincerity, but it may not be the less intoxicating. The servile accents of Baroche and of Veron may inflame his vanity for a moment, but what lasting joy can he find in this lip-service while he stifles the expression of every idependent sentiment. He must know that when the truth may not be spoken, all honourable men would wish to remain silent. The very Alexi/air that report, the fulsome speech of M. Baroche at the Elysee contains a decree setting forth that the offence of speaking against the go vernment multiplies exceedingly, and ordaining fist for the more speedy and effectual repression of seek offences, they are in future to be tried by the police instead of by a jury. The decree has a retrospective operation, and hundreds of men now lying in gaol for no other crime than the utteranee, in the hearin g of a spy, of a few words of honest i indignation, n which the whole civilised world would sympathise, are to be deprived of trial by jury, and to be hurried before a merciless tribunal, that will simply register, in the forms of justice, the com mands of the dictator. However, Louis Napoleon is now told that he has added an imperishable glory fo the lustre of his name : that he is the saviour, not only of France, but of Europe; that ho is wise, courageous, religious, v i rt nous, disinterested, good, pa ternal, affectionate, loving, and withal universally beloved. With many apologies, lest his well-known modesty should be wounded by tho comparison, it is attempted to be proved that he has not onlyequalled, but surpassed, the civic achievements of Napoleon the "great"--an addition which will henceforth bo historically incorrect. Now in listening to this accumulated adulation one is driven to ask dispassionately what has Louis NRicsloon doe, and what does he propose to do? What he has done hitherto is certainly no proof of extraordinary genius. It may bo admitted that he has shown more nerve and more tact than people have given him credit for, by the daring conception of thecoup d'etot, and by the completeness of its execution. Personal courage and a contempt of possible consequences may readily bo conceded to belong to the hero of Strasbourg and Boulogne. It is quite possible that a man of less knowledge of the world might not have been so happy in his choice of instruments as the patron of M. de hiaupas and Generals St. Arnaud and Mugnan. France is large, and place-hunters in France are many, but a less wary conspirator than Louis Napoleon might not have been so luekly in the selection of his agents. Louis Napoleon then having long concerted the mea sures, wielding the immense executive power of France, commanding an army of 400,000 men,did, by a proclamation aided by bayonets, the same thing that was done in 1848 by nobody knows who, with Ithe assistance of a mob—he made a successful re volution in Paris. _ _ _ It is surely not wonderful that cannons should have been proved to be as successful aids to a sur prise as barricades, and that an immense disciplined army should have equalled tho achievements of a rabble. But it is said the coup deka of Dec. 2 has been accepted by the French people. So was the revolution of 1848, but with this difference, that the proclamations of the provisional government were universally obeyed without bloodshed, whereas the rule of Louis Napoleon has only been established by the aid of the state of siege and the unsparing use of the bayonet. The history of France for the last ex) . years proves too conclusively that France, owing to its excessive centralisation, cannot but submit to the government of Paris whatever it may be. That the central government should havosuccecded by treachery in doing that which has often been accomplished by private adventurers, is then not an achievement which can be hastily admitted as conferring a claim to lasting renown. What has been done is merely the acquisition of arbitrary power by an act exhibit ing considerable hardihood, but no extraordinary ta lent. It is said that society has been saved from socialism. But his has been proved over and over again to be a scarecrow, which Louis Napoleon has made use of to frighten the people. And, besides, assuming that socialism ever existed to the extent alleged, it certainly cannot be crushed by what has happened. Leaving, however, the means by which Louis Napoleon has acquired his position to the ap preciation of history, the practical question is, to what extent does he intend to turn it? No doubt he does not wish to govern badly. His only wish is to govern—honestly, per haps, if he can—but, above all things, to govern. Fur his own sake he will not gratuitously do any thing to make himself unpopular. If people would not be inquisitive about their own affairs; if they would blindly rely upon the virtue and wisdom of himself, and of all his hangers-on, he would doubt less try to do the best he could for them. lie pro mises an immense increase of national and indi vidual wealth. Dodoes not propose to effect this by any profound measures of political economy; now that he has absolute power it would be dangerous to make promises of this kind. lie says this grand desideratum will be accomplished simply by every man attending to his private affairs, and thinking nothingabout politics. Let the wine-grower attend to his tube, the farmer to his corn, the manufacturer to his spinning jennies, the astronomer to the stars, the doctor to his patients, the lawyer to his clients, and the chemist to his drugs, arid then Dr. Veron promises them, in Louis Napoleon's name, that they will all be prosperous and happy. Louis Napoleon will then have nothing to do but to go vern them in the favourite attitude of his uncle, with his hands behind his back. There being no parliament, men will not be seduced by the ambi tion of distinguishing themselves to waste their time in studying public affairs. Ministers, irresponsible and not subject to be asked questions, will be able to attend to the affairs of the country, and journalists, having no parliamentary speeches to report, will cease to take any interest in politics. This, without a word of exaggeration, is a summing up of the pro mises that Louis Napoleon now makes to the French nation. It assumes, as you see, that public money is likely to be economised the more its expenditure is uncontrolled, and that ministers will the better serve their country the less their conduct is sub mitted to examination. M. Royer, notary at St. Gcugoux, who accepted the functions of mayor during the insurrection, has been arrested. A letter from Vienna, of the 27th ult., says the Prase states that Louis Napoleon, in a letter ad dressed to the Emperor of Austria, requests him to consent to have the mortal remains of the Duke de Reichstadt, now lying at Vienna, near those of his mother, Maria Louisa, in the vaults of the Capucins, transported to Paris. M. E. Pean, who had been recently removed from Sainte Pelagie to the prison of Orleans, has de manded and obtained permission from the military authorities to be again placed in Sainte Pelagic. By decree of the 26th ult., a village of 228 houses, is ordered to be created at the camp of Ain-Temou chen, in the subdivision of Sidi-ben-Abbes, province of Oran, in Algeria. It is to be called Ain-Temou chen, and the site is described by the minister of war in his report to be a very favourable one, both as regards military strategy and salubrity. As an instance of the fallen credit of M. de Girar din I have to announce the dismissal of M. \Vole dowski, receiver-general in the department of the Vosges, who was appointed to that place through the influence of the editor of the Presse, at a time when the Elyske was anxious to reward the services rendered by that journal in pro curing the election of Dee. 10, 1848. M. Wolodowski was originally made receiver-general of the Enre-et- Loire, at the instance of the same patron, by the go vernment of Louis Philippe. But ho was promoted to the Vosges, whose receipts were much more im portant, owing to the forest domains of the state. M. d de Villiers is appointed receiver-general of tlt e r n ages, in the place of M. Girardin's c l i ent. The illuminations last night were scanty beyond measure. Long spaces of even the Boulevards, which generally . need no additional lights to appear brilliantly illuminated, put scarcely a fresh pound of candles in requisition to celebrate the triumph of the re-elect of France. It is reported that M. de Persigny is to be made Minister of Foreign Affairs. This appears to me doubtful, as under the new order of things a person age so high in the President's confidence may aspire to a much more elevated position than a simple mi nistry. One conseqnenec of the widely diffused system of 'the state of siege is that the people are often de prived even of that slender security against the abuse of power which may be afforded by the high military rank of the author of an arbitrary edict. At Agen, in the Lot-et-Garonne, a mere chef descaron, ono M. Bourrely, commanding the state of siege there, has taken upon himself to decree the dissolution of the national guard of the depart ment. They aro not only to submit to deliver up their arms, but they are to deposit them at the main es within a given time, under pain of being tried by court-martial. It is doubly galling to men suddenly deprived of what they have been accus tomed to and taught to regard as a valuable political privilege, to find the blow struck by an obscure parade officer, whose ordinary duties are limited to the military superintendence of 300 or 400 soldiers. Tho Paine of last night says, " Ctesar is dead, but Augustus has succeeded.' The language of the Noniteur, in reciting the ceremony of yesterday, is turgid to imbecility. "At the interval of half &cen tury," it says, " on Aug. 18, 1802, and Jan. 1, 1852, two Napoleons, faithful to the ancient device of our fathers, Oaks Dei per Raneus, inaugurated the be ginning of a new and desired era, by coming to kneel at Notre Dame before the Clod of 13o tilde. In 1802, a Te Deuce was sung to celebrate the resurrection of the catholic worship; in 1852 it has been sung to render thanks to Clod for having inspired Franco with that spirit of wisdom which saves nations. This example of respect of the head of the state for the ceremonies of religion, which the first Napoleon had been only able to impose with difficulty on his most illustrious lieutenants,has found to-day only praise and admiration from all sides." At the Bourse the Five per Cents. rose IFr. 20c., and closed at 103.10 ; the Three per Cents. rose 3f. 10c., and closed at 70.30. This was settlement day. There was a complete panic upwards. Bank of France shares rose 45c. Railways rose considera bly : Orleans, 32.50 ; Marseilles, 27.50 ; Contra and Tows and Nantes, 22.50; Strasbourg, 20. SPAIN. MADRID, Drc. 28. The Queen is sufficiently recovered to be able to receive the congratulations of her ministers. ITALY. PIEDMONT. TURIN, Dsc. 30. The Chamber of Deputies has postponed the dis elusion of the treaty with Austria till Friday. VENICE, Dec. V. The Emperor of Ruwia fully intends, it is said, to pass a part of the winter here. PARMA. The Parma Gazette publishes a decree which enacts that all offences of sedition, high treason, tampering with the fidelity of the troops, distributing revolutionary publications, &c., shall be punished with death. Minor offences of the kind are to be punished by imprisonment or the galleys. ROMAN STATES. A letter from Rome, in the Opinion of Turin, states that the Papal government has given orders for the construction in England of a steamer of 40- horse power for the repression of smuggling on the Roman coast. TWO SICILIES. A letter from Naples, in a Frankfort journal, says: After the bombardment of Messina, Lord Palmereton demanded an indemnity for the damages nutained byEng limb subjects. The matter was referred to • commission, which deed • sum, without, however, taking account of the interests that had become due. Mr. Temple, the English minister at Naples, declared that he would accept the amount. But Lord Pahnento• demanded a layer sum, with interest. The Neapolitan governasein has just sc olded to his lordship's demand. People her. are very much irritated at this act of weakness. GERMANY. BERLIN, Dim 30. The ministerial Prussia,. Gazette has a leader on Austria's projects of commercial policy. The article insimmfts that Austria's profession of promoting the mislaid welfare of Germany is a mere pretext, M -34881101 to cover its own grasping policy. Of course wiry government seeks first to promote its interest sod attain power. But why insinuate? Why not op* out boldly? It is to be hoped that the undo dial tans of this article is not to be taken as a Ines• sure et the degree of resolution with which the Pnwelan government is prepared to meet the present . The cavalier, or Ire= Zeitung party, Swavely showed a mon leaning to Austria, seems to bay, Nor to the ?oes, that the time, has eons mhos the rent rival slobs mint tallow separate toohmeloo, at bast on the WI et political ecooomy. Is thb oweierls number the oiler remarks : " We regret art )Vial able to pardelpolo in the supposi tion et boomolesit intentions on the port of Austria. Facts qv* Ns heft spina k. Wi deplore the knob= Aidrim 'biome ; batons bore the L= flansby bavigeor ryes cleatz eu X the we aba whisk Amble ia is =l:ith .11 km means "—namely, of Prussia, by wresting from it MIMIC. dal 111111p1Milece. assourtial treaty with Holland also contains a chow, that it can be cancelled on the Ist Jan., 1834, Is MN the Zollverein is not renewed. Provi sion ie elm mods that the Dutch railroads shall adopt [ l ino romelem in order that the merchandise ltd. mg i ~, l a from Prussia through Holland, idiot b blamed efforts will be made to induce M. won Bruck, the originator of the new tariff and the general customs union scheme, to resume the Austrian ministry of trade, which be resigned only 011 account of M. von Eraass's apprehensiveness ohest the costs entailed by Bruck's extensive pro bate. He is certainly the man whom Austria manta. The Czar is looking well to the army. The St. Peknikay Journal amain the promotion of lams Is Ilks wain et pm* sod Sixteen to thaty or kintenontionsraL OREECE.—M. Demetrius Perronka, who has played a distinguished part in Greek affairs, has been amminated in his bed, at Argos. His body was co eared with wounds. The authors of the crime are not known. THE lONIAN TSLANDS.—A supplement to the Corfu Vault., of the 22nd ult., has a notification from the Lord High Commissioner, containing a de cree of her Britannic Majesty, by which the lonian parliament is dissolved. NEwe OF THE EXHIBITION BVILDINO.—A com mission has been igeued from the Lords of the Treasury to Lord Seymour, Sir William Cubitt, end Dr. Lindley, to in quire and report on the wet of maintaining the building on Its present sit•—of its reseed elsewhere, either wholly or in part—and the purposes to whieb it may be advaatage ously applied. The evidence of the eoutreston sad others quidified to advise as these subjects will of cow., be telly goo' into.—Buiftkr. EGYPT. A letter, dated Alexandria, Dee. 20, referring to the progress of the Cairo Itsilway, the urri‘al of Mr. Stephenson, and his having proceeded on u sur vey to determine the line, says: That survey he has completed, and his decision is to fol low the plan suggested by the pacha for carrying the work through the Delta, connecting Kali Zyst, Tantab, lknnuh, &c., with this city and the metropolis. Instead of tlio !costly bridge-work proposed across the two br.inches of the river, we understand it to be probable a pontoon, or floatir.g stage will be used fur carrying the rails. Eighteen thou sand labourers, supplied from the respective bordering dis tricts, will be set to work immediately; and Mr. Stepheto.ou hopes that in one year he will connect the Nile at Nigielutt with this city—thus overcoming all the delay and uneer• tainty of the precarious water transit northward thereof. The same letter says : The tanximat question MOMS more nearly to approach a settlement. Porte, it is believed, will be obliged to abandon the demand for annulling the power hitherto vested in the Pacha of capital punishment, at least fur the present; and us this wan the most iniquitous feature in the scheme, it in presumed the COMlliiMillliCril of his Highness will succeed in resolving into an acceptable form the other conditions of the code. No doubt, however, there will be new claims urged. It is the fixed policy of Constantinople to destroy the authority of the present Egyptian ruler, and ntrigue will not be slow in inventing other schemes of mischief. Thlre have been some recent broils among the Bedouin Arabs oa the Syrian frontier, and much difficulty has been experienced in their suppression. 'ilia Bhurkiah province was not long ago the scat of a wide-spread insurrectionary movement; but this has also been suppressed by the vigilance of the presiding niilitAry authority. Nevertheless the ten. dency to disorder is kept alive by the machinations of _Constantinople aspirants, through their emisarics here, and the people are being taught daily leas and less respect fur the omnipotence of their governing head. Such a condition of affairs it requires no great reach of understanding to perceive must be in the highest degree prejudicial to tat order which is essential to the advancement of material prosperity, and will ultimately operate to shake the hitherto prevailing aecniity of our Anglo-Indian communication. Trade is very dull, merchants being much crippled by the extent of their engagements in shipping, which they now find exceeds considerably the means of providing cargoes for even at very exaggerated prices. We hear the Paella has decided on Teta:ring the difficulty as far as in his power, by disposing of as much of the produce in stock as lie can safely apace. Wu regret to record the death of Mrs. Mur ray, the lady of the British consul-general, winch occurred at Cairo on the tfth inst. SIR JOHN FRAKLIN. The following deposition of Captain Martin, rela tive to his interview with Sir John Franklin, was yesterday forwarded to Mr. C. It. Weld, at the Royal Society, So merset-house : (Copy.) DEIV*ITION. "Robert Martin, now master and commander of the whale ship Intrepid, of Peterhead, solemnly and sincerely declare., that on the 22nd day of J u1y,1845, w hen in command of the whale ship Enterprise, of Peterhead, in lat. 75.10, long. 66 W., calm weather, and towing, the Erebus and Terror were in company. These ships were alongside the Enterprise (or about 15 minutes. The declarant conversed with Sir John Franklin and Mr. Reid, his ice muter. The conversation lasted all the time the ships were close. That Sir John, in answer to a question b: the declarant if be had a good supply of provisions, and how long he expected them to last, stated that ho had provisions for five years, and if it were necessary he could 'make them spin out seven years;' and he said, further, that he would lose no oppor tunity of killing birds, and whatever else was useful that came in the way, to keep up their stock, and that he bad plenty of powder and shot for the purpose. That Sir John also stated that he had already got several casks of birds salted, and had then two shooting parties out—one from each ship. The birds were very numerous; many would fall at a single shot, and the declarant has himself killed 40 at a shot with white pea.. That the birds are very agree able food, arc in taste and size somewhat like young pigeons, and are called by the sailors roches.' " That on the 26th or' Bth of the said month of July two parties of Sir John's officers who hail been out shouting dined with the declarant on board the Enterprise. There was a boat with six from each ship. Their conversation was to the same effect as Sir John's. They spoke of expecting to be absent four or five, or perhaps six years. These officers also said that the 'hips would winter where they could find a convenient place, and in spring push on as far as possible, and so on year after year, as the determination was to push on as far as practicable. "That on the following day an invitation was brought to the declarant, verbally, to dine with Sir John, but the wind shifted, and the Enterprise having cut through the ice about • mile and a half, the declarant was obliged to decline the invitation. That ho saw the Erebus and Terror for two days longer; they were still lying at an iceberg, and the Enterprise was moving slowly down the country. That so numerous were the birds mentioned, and so favourable was the weather for shooting them, that a very large number must have been secured during the time the declarant was in sight of the two ships. The Prince of Wales whaler was also within sight during the most of the time. That from the state of the wind and weather for a period of tea days, during part of which the decd grant was nut in sight of the two ships, the best opportunity was afforded fur securing the birds. That the birds described are not to be found at all places on the fishing ground during the whaling season, but are met with in vast numbers every MIAMI on certain feeding banks and places for brooding, and it appeared at the time by the declarant to be a most fortunate circum stance that the Erebus and Terror had fallen in with so many birds, and that the state of the weather was so fa vourable for securing large numbers of them. The de clarant has himself had a supply of the same description of birds, which kept fresh and good during three months, at Davis's Straits, and the lust were as good as the first of them. "Which declaration, above written, is now made con scientiously, believing the same to be true. " RUIiEUT MAILTIN. Declared before me at Peterhead, this 20th by of December, 1841, " R. Git.trit, Provost of Peterhead." (Seal of Peterhead affixed ) TIM MAIL PACKETS FOR AMERlCA.—llencrfor ward the British Contract Mail Packets to North America will sail from Liverpool on every Saturday morning throughout the year, after the arrival at Liverpool of the mail from London of the previous evening. The packets will proceed alternately to the ports of New York and Bos ton, calling, on the voyage to the latter port, at Halifax, Nova Scotia. DEPARTURE OF THE AMAZON.—The Royal West India Mail Steam-packet Company's steamer Amazon, Capt. Symons, left Southampton yesterday with the West India and Mexican mails. The Amazon, which is named after one of the celebrated South American rivers, is the first of the gigantic fleet of West India mail packets which has been got ready for sea, and is by far the largest mail packet afloat. Great curiosity was manifested to sec her departure. She has been lying for several days past off Netley Abbey, in Southampton Water. At about 2 o'clock yesterday afternoon the mails left Southampton Dock in a small steamer, in charge of It. Lankceter, Esq., the local postmaster, and Lieutenants Brady and D'Arthda, Admi ralty agents. At about 3 o'clock the mails were all on hoard, and the Amazon's bell rung for her departure. The mail steam tender, which appeared like a small boat alongside the Amazon, towed the stern of the latter round so as to make her bow point down the river, when she most majestically proceeded na her voyage. The steam tender followed her towards Cal shot Castle at full speed, but was soon left far behind. Pre vious to the two steamers separating the visitors and com pany on board the tender gave three hearty cheers, which were responded to by the passengers and crew of the packet. Among those present to witness the departure of the Amazon were Captain Mangles, one et the managing directors of the West India Company ; Captain Chappell, the secretary ; Captain Barton, the Southampton super intendent ; and Lieutenant Austin, the mathematical examiner of the company's officers ; also Mr. Masterman, the son of the member for London, and Captain Nelson of the Trinity Board. The Amazon hail on board 1,100 tons of coal, 100 tons of cargo, amongst which was specie to the value of 20,1001., and 41) passenuters. She appeared rather deep in the water. The acoommodation on board for pas sengen, with respect to the magnitude and cenvenjenee if the berths, are of a princely nature. The celebratM Great Britain monster steamwhip had four engines, the Amazon has only two, and her machinery is consequently of a colos sal calibre. Nothing appears to have been spared to render the Amazon everything that the public or the government could desire. The particulars of her build and machinery have already been published. Her compasses were supplied and adjusted by Mr. Stebbing, of Southampton, the com pam adjuster to the Peninsular and Oriental Company. The regulation of ships' comp: owes is become quite a pro fession of itself. The deviation of the compass front lw] attraction and other causes is different in each ship, and w determined by intricate and elaborate calculations. It is now determined and provided fur with such nicety :44 ' greatly to assist navigation. The Amazon will proceed to Oreytown by way of St. Thomas, Santa Martha, Carthi• gene, and (.hams, and will return to Southampton by nearly the same route early in March next. 111 this is Tb mewl P 76 ' is yque W• r Tit , de W att.!, Th Jinn(' sekct Sir hod a rat t Da f i t test I /"Ti TI Biu; of C, the