The Express. — London, England, 1847-04-28 00:00:00

wee a fads, wee the rely we ea reseed width, after having • reedilled decheel mem, hid deported from it. Of coon* he refound dim to Ibis meted teepostay et Ireland, which wee sew abolished. (Laughter.) Mr. ['HEIL mid he had felt that it would be officious on his part to intrude himself no the house before the Chancellor of the Each qua. (Hear, !star, and laughter.) He had directed his attention to thin subiect in Ireland, and in reply to a letter which he wrote to the Chancellor of the Etchequer, he received an answer conveying the same opinions in rubstanee which his right hon. friend hadyust exessed. Having afterwards written to Mr. Trevelyan on thusubject, that gentleman communicated with Mr. Pen nington. The latter gentleman, %peaking of Professor De Morgan's plan, published in 1811, said, "In this way, no doubt, a decimal currency miaht be established, but mark the consequences. A labourer whore wages were 10,1. a dap, and who, at the end of a week, might expect to he in possession of 60 pence,.4 240 farthing., would find that he multi obtain for that, not ss. in silver, bat only 4s. 2d." It was added that a shopkeeper, who had been in the habit of selling an article for 3d . and who expected for four of thaw articles to receive the value of Is., would find that he had to receive four per cent. lees. (Hear, hear.) He had consulted some gentlemen eminent for their know ledge of the science of numbers, and they thought there would be no difficulty in dealing with any sum above 6d. If there Were a new coinage, all new coinage would, of emirs., be made with reference to it. (Hear, hear.) He thought the 3. piece might be called a royal, the Is. half a royal, sod Gd. a quarter of • royal. Mr. W. BROWN observed, that he had bean in the habit of keeping accounts both in decimals and in the English coinage. When the Americans changed pounds -hillings and pence into decimals, for a short period some little diffi culty was experienced by tradesmen, but as the law of the United States required that amounts should he kept In dol. his and tents, the matter soon b-eansc familiar, and it was found that decimals afforded a much smaller chance of mis take. He hoped that the government would at the earliest possible period adopt the decimal mode of reckoning. Sir 0. CLERK feared that as the two-shilling piece would in site be so near that of the half-crown piece, many persona would be led into mistakes. Dr. BOWRINO said he would not press his motion. He believed that the government would soon be able to introduce the decimal system with the concurrence of the nation. The motion woe then withdrawn. IRISH RAILWAYS. In reply to a question from Mr. B. OsBORNII, The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said be would bring forward this subject on Friday next. ETAT& OF GREECE. Lord I. MANNERS, on rising to eall the attention of the house to the present condition of Greece, said that the ex pectations which were raised when E , gland, at the instance of Mr. Canning, took a leading part in the liberation of Greece, and the important Eon:mean consequences which most ensue if es present reign of imbecility, cruelty, and extravagance of all sorts were permitted to continue, must he his excuse for venturing to ask the attention of the house to a subject which he knew was rather against its tastes and disposition. He would first very shortly tncc out the condition of Greece. In 1832, when the King of Bavaria accepted the throne of Greece for his younger sou, he entered into stipulations that a constitution should be given to the Greeks, and the three ;striven, France, England, and Russia, =el to advance a loan of 800.0001. eseh, the interest of wee to be repaid by instalments from the national exchequer. Eleven years 'missed away without either of them stipulation being fulfilled. In 1839 Count Nes. mired* wrote to the Russian minister at Athens urging payment of the interest, bat without effect : the English government was equally active and equally energetic; but if the Mars which he moved for were granted, it would be shown that this country was still paying 40,0001. a year as interest of the loan. The Greek people, however, at length worn oat by a se ri es of oppressions, rose almost as one man, and by a Monitor revolution, conducted with far less of anger and disturbance than any other revolution which modern times had witnessed, succeeded in procuring the fel filmset of the stipulation as to a constitution. It was then biped that in future the affairs of Greece would be cott ontail ms better prisciplos : but he grieved to say, AM thee lope bed ma ban ensured. (Rear, hear.) In 1844 the esaikka •10e008011•S la bad as it had been previously; amd the amens% iesdred elm, day of the violence, the ex iled in widen entreges which were committed on 111 1 :Zgyapoirfitld dm meet painfully that the expseta- Mem salliagln laU had not hitherto been fulfilled. There Aloe we dm net merely with the tacit consent, but by Or melbeeity ef them in power; and acting under the evened indemmes et ether powers, Greece was in 1817 re amed ts • esmilifies which would, be thought, justify the Olgenteina et en unanimous opinion of reprobation and einem. Re venid now proceed to show how the ceneelleled metineltise had connived at, and, indeed, themmierjerpalnibed, some of these most ex tr aordinary croaks embeses on life and property. The governor et Praia. anode) Y. Coletti, the prime minister, said thiltems aim et the government, whether designedly or elbeirwhe, embed the people to rebellion, and compelled Mem le Me rep gems against the government, or to do inglhing to Mimi thimmelves from that oppression, per sonal, umMelei, nee moral. under which they were crushed. A petition premeed to the Chamber from Patina not more than two maths age, stated that the members of a family bad bias arrested and subjected to torture for three days, sad thmt• all their effects were sold. A petition from 11••••• i• maid that the tortures which had been en. awed there were unheard of and horrible ; some had been inemedei by the feet, others by their arms sod bp, wham missy bad had their flesh torn and their ban mralilated. So late ago as September 3, 1848, the cons sagnisr el the sth battalion writing to the minister of Orem en the subject of brig andage in Ammonia, which he had been sent there to pat dews, said he was impelled to slob that briendmie we eltiefiy mmeureged by the =iliof the gerernammt. An asses* free Athens a sem shoe peeeimee was aqiessi Im a erten of promessien of whisk II bed lent the reemery tine. the end stall Pasha's goverammett. In fact the outrages committed under the Greek povirremnit greatly exceeded those which led been cossunitted fermerly wader the Turkish one. (hem her.) In the province of Laconia a town had been Alma destroyed hi uenes of an election contest. Belie mew bed to debt ether infringement. on the °coati hallenet °seem Under the existing administration the yealS/1•••••1 of Adams which had always been re. the Tads, end whisk produced about 8,0001. a. been Mead end ersindered by the government. A similar alum Ind been penned with respect to the mo- Mdpal revenue et ether towns. But what was more grow Wei, that Mareesenlato, who was universally admitted to be Me of the gredist me in Greece, though elected for no less then bet Mimi elseleral districts, had been prevented, saw aorm ideskem, bon taking his seat in the chamber. DA be me isms tea part of the case which was perhaps liagia bases/ tine to an English audience, for, having yid taper in consequence of the mismanagement des .et the net, they certainly had a right to ie war r "thee bard upon this 'object. In narrating Me eberammeemese he need go no further back than last year. The Greek Mists. of Finance then told the representatives that the nailing treasury was in a state of complete disor iiii mid that he could give neither an account 111rstimest me if the expenditure of the country, and mad fermi& se budget in consequence of the frauds com mitted on ON Mate by the public functionaries. Re added that stilliess were owing to the state, though he could met tell by vibes. (A laugh.) In the budget which he I=j Ilhe anent of the large foreign debt, owing to Tame, sad Russia, was totally omitted. The Immo sr an mem was placed at 14,488,299 draclunes, neigh, et 14,788,548 drachmas, leaving a deficit of . chimes. On seeing such a budget presented emote to Sir E. Ly o na, and stated that her t looked on this • n as a falai& = l Vir g = eiresenomty and retrenchment made by the Greek rablisily on their seessaion te °aloe, and come r:24 jestilping the ant of Greet Britain in that a of the 1•••••11 of Greece amid& be appnerialeil the pigment of the interest upon the leery and ts - adding, that 11 - mob a seen continued to be pusenisi, they should tuts seek meararee as might seem netawsr, to prevent the squandering of the national revenues mad the emisminest sacrifice of British rights through the avenging, re corruption of the public often. Akar se straw an expeenion of opinion by one usually so I ailed have been expected that the statesmen of tariff, have applied themselves to the subject. But WM* marsh followed. On tn. third day of February La the same minister of finance told the chamber that be eeeld on longer conceal that the robberies committed on the public revenue pealed all measure. But this, he mid, wee set the Mk of the minister. Things had arrived at welt a pees that it was impossible to put an end to the abuses. On benrieg this, the Judge-Advocate of the Royal Court of Athens mid not longer east wide his anger, and ex chimed : wit mais things exist, it is the minister who ought le be pmbhheL" This caused an uproar. It was averred als ion dome sinister had falsified the finance report =dews Mthe horse, end that he had else the ISM average. of the country. A eim MOM we Ofilliated to inquire into the s = time, mad they that the Maim v oreghteibe It was right to say, lirinnar, did a indmity of ha the chamber rejected that bet Abe - 11sense adobes' meesrdielen owned to the bal s a/ a past et it—eismaly.thefehlleadea et the dross report aad hied ldmerif tram the sharp by tillyied that he wee matamtel by patriotic motives, and that, If he had shows a Ims if revenue, foreign governments would ' have ssetmi a pasties of their debts to be dithered ! (Gem hen)) It we redly ahead bsperibb to meet that • stem stasis I. snit a whim as this wiebert of the ilibesk arson mead bans mob on animism et soh a de- eniptisa. He wesemesy te be singed, bellies be emeehaimd, to Muds to the emilimppy batters by wbbil snob &minister wee sepported. Thome nes as ea% , in bliing fro. Caletil limn bed dembeed however that it was .. France that had Shea thew se = p e._ ressate—Yraimee that had =admidelle their France that bad plated their dimasel." Det= .. /1. Gamed was so shushes( a eboneter Sallie weal& pus with out babe It we nmeeney, Gmeedise, that he shad& direct attention to whoa bad been said by a mini uses iysemna pereaa—ao bee as Whiled them Y. Galant bimeelC Rare ea How. NiSielia elmseved that thine wen met 40 members present is the braes, mad, streespem herbs been mimed to withdrew, the Mae was wineselosa aim beingleis lima 40 members present, the beer dad ad karma& sag this day. ',,. Cimerrier de Ivo Meg * isw &P PP • herb Ls Cssaisses t _brag MU aired and Was ssaulm a ar pigskin, wee est piepentety Lasass• I bet she remeaties le this slefie ONO 24 Imes yolk* sew viral ad .poke an& to the gnat ssissiassmS =Maw thoei‘the were moan visit they losansil to Imo bar Miro eighte. L say aßow boors MOM tit TIME WA bar merle& he die pow. 41. • At. #l, ...nom , ••• IR-7 Awn. , • ROUSE OF LORDS. I•••••.• ••• •• ---. ..,- ---.. Mennen on the sicced eft.( the Army Binh* BOIL GUNTUR% kordChanceilor 64011 66401/ User. sonar. Grey Dalhomie Illo= of SL Alba.. Montilla:li St. Os mums Bedford Jersey Braes Bedeley Wallineton Galloway viacomre. Glenda 6.40601. 4 110. Poses Falkland De Frcyna Lauledueree Granville ut•MCOM. ilylo6 Antrintry Lovelace It. Anciph Dame Clem lairds Devon Warmer, Blondket Westmeath Col• MT Durham Trynhas Needfort Zedsod Salisbury De Manley Northampton Ellneham a tam.. Denman asau. Canapertkrern Strathied Leigh Clerention Porten., Foley Beaumont Surluigton Walderrave Canon. Carrington Auckland Sulligli t Berk- Campketi Churchill Memo Mare Errkinc tt ha ',kink Morley When, Wrocte.l,l Lyttelion Isruorough Lllesuartrc Odburne NOT CONTESTS. - - - - DUK.S. .ILIA. Las.. 1.07 , 14 Richmond Egmont Dann Herteshury Newmatie Lunn Harewood Sonde. Beaufort Munster Romney De Rao Buckingham Kinnard Delon Ashburton Cleveland Boman vssoomers. Stanky siascussaa Ellenhorongh Bamford Blarney Downstdr• fitradbroke Cumbermere Gray Exeter Orkney :ea T=orri Allan Leven and Mel. RedeTZ C Wimboster villa Roar= Salton. imam longtord Bolton Tenterden Eglintoun Hardwick. Rodney Faversham Malmeabury sheilleld Wyntord Southamptoa etnbt.. Limerick Colntl. Brougham &Laney Lansdale PAHIP. CONTENT. Earl of Laimpter Earl of Lauderdale Earl of Radnor Earl Dario Lord Beau.le Firl of cii;;;;;Lid; Irrd Malaise= Marquis of Salisbury Lord Gardner Lad 170;I it; EiSiti lord lantide Lord Willoughby D'Eresby Karnali of Onnyottiam Viscount Stradeowt Earl of Pintail Duke of Montrose Marquis of DAbetial Lord Boston HOUSE OF COMMONS.—WESTMINSTER AND LAMBETH BRIDGE BILL. Derma% on goection of emend reading of the bill. Ay*, le ; Nom 41. AYR& Aullanby, H. A. Duneomhe, T. Mackinson,W.A.6tratt, E. Antrobun E. Fielder', J. Maitland, T. Thornely, T. Bowring, Dr. Ciroerenor, ZA R.Martin, .1. Wltharas, W. arool6lloo, J. Hammer, dlr J. Philippa 0. R. lIILLI4II. Mmt.eir W Atiglie, A. Philips, M. B .W B. HALE Sir A. Phllhutla, J. Ern,VDTr . Mat. Hodgson, R. Mansfield W.R.C. Damn, G. Macaulay, T. B. NOES. AarME T. D. Dien, 0. Grim...ditch, T. Newitegate, C. N. J. ik"6". DrummA .11111.1111.' B. i=1:1.11;J M▪ ON Duneontbe, nn:a. Hoye, ear . Mend, • tat.. V. Egerton, W. T. Hope. G. W. Read. J L.O.Brest 74 0 ,1 0 ,4 Sir P. Meg. W. denegarti, T. Mrs" lad Z. Veneers, E. Impede, rls. erendrea, T. H.S. Clirlomder, LA-Puller,Joan, Capt. Trotter, J. =ll. °inns, 81r IL E. Lindley, 001. TILLVAL Goulburn, H. Mackenz.F. Inglis, Sir P. H. Dade" J. E. Greene, T. Manny, E. IL lan, Mr. EDUCATION. Amnon la honer at troutCantiaieiLiiir W. Molenrorth'e mend meet for extending the gnat to Catholic echatile.—Agee, 103 ; Naas, 22. ATV& Wand, Sir T. D. Disk, Q. - Howard, U. H.Periett, R. Aebad, T. D. Dial/ewe, F. H. Limbos, 0. Haney, W. Adderity, C. B. Duncan, 0 Hems, J._ Prather," E D. Ainsworth, P. Dunconitie,HaOlionery, T. Paw,. P. Allis, J. P. Dundas, Sir D. leswire, Vls. *whitish, W. Antrobos, E. East, Sir J. B. WIN lir ik IL Hosea. G. W. J. Arkwright„ 0. Ebriestae, Via hien, B. Bias, E. R. 8 1 11 4t ,J. as Flans, Sir P. Jaw, W. BY* LL Pinot, W. Jams. Sir W. C. , J. Was, W. Ferguson, Sir B. Jerrie. Dr J. Barg* C. G. Banbm 0. Pinch, G. Be muse, A. Fiss, J. Jan& 11,1 r Ifti. =l ical J. Reddy, H. IWiaa, W. el. . - E --. Wan& Lard C. Deft& P. T. Forster, IL 11. zd, A. Emend, &O. na, S. 1.. IlAmbese, bele, Has. E M. French, F. Law, Han. C. I. Small G. 1... Belk J. Fuller, A. E. Lamm, A. Illemor, H. IL BA" R. H. Gardner, J. D. Ward, Hajar Orerblan. R. B. Benlearr, J. Madame. Capt. Lill, Han. H. tbdrlay, C. J. Ilsafiaik, LA.O Glyany, Sir A. B. Lincoln. Kart stealth. A. lismiheli, lA. H. Gore, M. Lindesy, Col emit ,J. A. seenefted, Idler Game, C. Lockhart, A. Z. liwillkatile &V. =l. ll"P‘ gftibur7. Gene , H. ke=ia ll y, n i. G L ljil llgr i tillr ' T. W. Mnsitherus, J. I. Grey, Bk G. Maidaresia, T. eibsday, Hoe. W. dahrosama R. (homilies& Y. Shirimals, W. Pliant., W. H. Berlinlik. P. Grosvenor, IA IL NNW* D. 'Wiwi, J. bans Dr Hale, B. B. Hal T. atm" Lad J. Smash H. Rainey, T. P. Meesise. &IX Illimeridii. letwatirmil. H. Hamner, tar J. larmara. UPI Chest, J. Prilikeingy J. Harwert, O. 0. Disisiiihseira IL Wren, Bt. His.E. m 2 ... r. . =J. llmells.C. W. Balks, Ha.H.lll. A. J. Tutored. H. W. alt. i . L K& °Marko, Capt. V. =.ln. L. Itieldrer, Sir F. Z. Hamm B. Yirdpaa. 0 Tharapron, J. I Ils.O.Hay, Or A. Nanati, Plat. Tatham :ha, J. Calasdre. at Hayti*, W. G. Dort* D. Trotter J. MINK W. D. Heidoont, 0. J. Marters. Oa Vane, Lor d H. Ondrinter d .lLA.HarlakdadirW.Naredapla 4 L.Z.Verser, rW. Clive HaZi. 11.1/ 11 =. W U .. 11 31 7eirileeseeit TIM" E. .H." ilir I. lIISMD.II2.I*.J.WaIib. Sir J. B. Ceivilik C. liseOvh C. icarremilir D.J.Ward, H. G. Cowper, Hoe. Wilialdwale, Sir J. O'CinerDra Watson, W. H. Craig, W. G. Hodge, P. 011aresil, S. H. Welleakry,LardC. Crisps, W. Heap% Or J. Pak." Skil. V llama W. Curial; H. IL lisp& A. Mar. R. Wadshows, E. Dalrymple, CaptHopt, 0. W. Hadar, J. Wood, Mr C. Dawes, D. A. S. Hamby, J. Piliirk, J. W. Deed., W. Hosicink K. Peskitilin.Mrß. Tulle& H. Dealson, J. F.. Howard, lion. C. re* J. teal, Lord Y. Dealsoe, K. & Howard, P. H. SOIL Again:My, IL A. Deonlyteun, J. lisMand. H . Roam* J. A. Arundel - and Bm.Duncen, Use. Iflebell„ T. A. Mandy, T. rey, Earl of Facott, 8. MUM, G. F. MALL Br t, John Emne, Sir De L. Olelm, C. Welerwortb, (bllanbau, D. FIMMIIiam,H.O. O7e4m, T. W. Collett,, J. Weenaraszejlai. o•CesneU, M. J. buncombe, T. Crawford, W. 8. M'Cartby, A. MUM., IL ghe OrairBol%. TY mho br Nov OM\ W se Wm Mum's Land, mad he. Seine will be sole mem Or evesise of the Mk Agra. ne Welt India milk tarp hawk•• Mai" Itooduras, lisemhelk ell be—il up ea Os meek. eras Ist May. Tin ~hoe slasher °Nimsmebler lle liath,Oreeee, the Weise Wane; t, Atha, Ogles. ism% ica Mee, vie Soutaaaapten, be Nob op maths mewleirenbe The mai kr lle Hera erl the tidied Mdse. IN iam M b mem Ile • Sml Ms", Me nib he Or =IA the Um Phle. Mae Mak Peream. =AK Idelklek Ame. .01 he limb op ea the etas 46 Ns& Me may kr elim Operee. Lim. lleaelre, Oells. and elbraltee, "Me orb op ea al imonier et to. 7th May. no otinomit doled lioneilloo, to the Molilmovao" c =jlpk itie trz y bolio.. Kong, he., will be sole op ea the TO CORRESPONDENTS. A earreepeolleilet - Waverteee will And the article be snake to I TA. Itzpros et Ihe Mk INA The AgiefflliWlNlsAuf the DAILT NEWS" sad =PIMA" Mw bus =llO. hes 10, FLEET-STREET, to Na 10, NOVTIMATIIINT,PLIZT&TZTAT,eOutigeoes b therrhatles Mem INK WASIMIL AT LONDON-881M To au —limbs Mtip pre 0; Afternoon. z eta, peA 1. Te.iloasow—llossftig. ans. poet 1; Altornocs. 43 Ws. mot I. LONDON, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 28. Tnmix has been a good deal of small dagmatam elicited in the course of the late educational discus sions; but for flippant utterance of • tions, fallacies, and blunders taken on trust at moron and, the palm is unquestionably due to Mr. 018140 ENE. Thu gentleman has hitherto affected the character of a reformer, bat after the assertions respecting the Bristol riots which he reiterated on Tuesday week, we must hesitate before we admit his title to the appella tion. Good, honest, bigoted tones of the old school hare gravely asserted, and doubtless sincerely be lieved, that the Reform BM was auvied by the class which burned Bristol ; bat any person really conversant with the origin sad Mgt:of that measure knows how wide of the that idea. Yet Mr. 018 BORNE deliberately stated, and, when checked, reaffirmed, the statement, that the Reform Bill was carried by the Bristol rioters ; that the Bristol rioters were " good reformers." If the thing was meant as a joke, it was a dull and silly one at the best; and it would say little for Mr. Greaomet's sincerity if his wits could go a wool gathering after such a stale commit in the midst of an important discussion on the issue of which are staked the poses of society and the kappinem of mil lions. If he spoke in earnest, the matter is still worse : whatever the merits or demerits of the Reform Bill, or its supporters, he steads convicted in that case of having abetted a measure which he believed to be sought for by ruffians through acts of inosndiarism— of having been willing, in order to serve his party, to ally himself with the refuse of society. Mr. GUIDOZNE'S exhibition. the mate evening, on the subject of Scotland, was quite en a par with the figure he cuts in pact of Bristol. He undertook to prove that Scotland had not been rendered more moral by its system of education, but the reverse. Mr. GIRBORNE knows all about it; for every year he two or three months "in a glen." spends 1;: d1 } 1 181,011111 t . duly lands every year at Greenock, spends a few hours there, and a few days at Glas gow, and then harries to his sequestered shooting box. He seas the tumult and irregularities of a r .: l_ , ess :L part ; he sees the squalor of a town; and he converses with th aa r t r l e el w — ire --... Meeinies beg and gander two mentha ßo o o f t tL a se mmel mewls himself far the mat of it by • mad meek flip. This he sells Sethi m; and twee@ oat 'l egitimation by te the dist/thee which the Wiese person at Sli ta l = "m tles= Wa free *eat am of the sommer, memillmmimm against the mommdmem. Mr. OnZ s mmte Mr tamed Ids notions et Scotland Ipen Irammbed ilimposer them palm WA liars boo Amodsl boodle et Um air .1 4 , • cat - lanai system. Sea-port towns, with their fluctuating tad neglected sailor-population, can nowhere be taken as spectitens.of the moral and intellectual standing of a people. The towns which have sprung up to sodden greatness by becoming the seats o our factory system have throughout the nation outrun both the means peovidcd for instruction and for the maintenance of police. They are exceptional both in Scotland and England. And the highlands of Scotland were neglected, even as to spiritual affairs, mail the efforts of the relief church lent a sti mulus to the drowsy cousins of the lairds who cum bered their pulpits, and had no care taken of their educe ion until the late venerable and benevolent Principal BUILD roused the general assembly end fro- vernment to the necessity of providing them with schools and teachers. Had Mr. OISBORNE sincerely desired to know what education has done for Scotland, he week' have visited and examined its rural parishes and landward burghs, where population has not yet outgrown the statutory means of instruction. Even there his fasti dious habits might not have found the peasant's menage quite according to his taste. But if he deal derated the tidy cleanliness which is the proud charac teristic of the English peasant in good circumstances, he would not, on the other hand, have encountered the dismantled habitations, pig's-meat, and broken spirits of the pauperised peasantry of one-halt of our southern counties. And had he inquired more narrowly he would have found that the parochial schools of Scot land, and that cultivation of logical divinity at which be sneers, by developing the intellects of the humblest tillers of the soil, had enabled them either to emerge from poverty or to preserve the image of their creator unobliterated from their minds by its de- I pressing influence. It requires a wider range of thought and observation than Mr. OISBOBNE has brought to bear upon the question to enable • man to estimate what education has done for Scot land. Let him look to the moral and intellectual condition of Scotland and England at the time of the reformation; let him make allowance for all other cir cumstances which have retarded or advanced the civi lisation of both countries; and let him then compare their relative positions now : thus only can he decide which has made the most progress, and how much of that progress is owing to education. In a still worse spirit than his remarks on Scotland were Mr. OISHORTIE'S allusions to Prussia. There was no doubt at one time a great deal of exaggera tion afloat about the Prussian system of education. It was be-praised by some who knew it only as it appeared in legal enactments, and by some who were ignorant that mach of what they called Prussian was in reality German—that all the best features of the system, stripped of a great deal of its pedantry, were to be found in other German states. These exaggerations raised the Scotch spirit of contradic tion inherent in Mr. LAING, a clever writer of travels, who jumps at general conclusions ea a short residence among a people almost as rashly u Mr. OISBORNE. And Mr. OISBORNE, because it snits his purpose, adopts at second hand all the opinions and assertions of a writer who spent too short a time in Prussia to know its moral and intellectual condition of his own knowledge. We have said sufficient to show upon what insufficient inquiry rest Mr. OISBORNE'S broad and sweeping criminations of Scotch and Prussian morality. It would be waste of time to vindicate the characters of these nations from such aspersions. Enough that we have shown the evidence upon which Mr. OISBORNE has called in question the moral and humanising in. (thence of education to be utterly unworthy of belief. Perhaps even this is a piece of supererogatory labour; for, after proving to lus own satisfaction the inutility or danger of education, Mr. OBBORNE concluded by advocating the voluntary system, because it was, in his opinion, the best adapted to impart education to the people% Yet Mr. • GraBORNE is a well-informed, sharp man of the world. He spoke nonsense on Tues day evening with an eye to the general elec tion—became he knows or believes that on such a topic a portion of his constituents Reefer nonsense to sense. He may find himself out in his reckoning. With all it faults and weaknesses the present age is more in earnest —more exigent on the score of sincerity than the age which preceded it. The SHERIDAN age of political morality has passed away : perhaps as great faults may still be tolerated, bat avowed playing fast and loose with principle will not now be endured. The impression produced by Mr. GIBI3OE/UN speech of Tuesday is, that he will affect to be desirous of promoting education to catch one class of voters, and will decry its influence to gain another; that he will support a reform bill, because it is the policy of his party, yet indulge a lordly con tempt and ignorance of the classes who demand it ; that from the hill-top of his rank the whole country beneath appears to him an nnvaried level—respect able shopkeepers and industrious peasants on an equality with ruffian incendiaries and the luckless lazy class used by the gentry as assistarts in their sports, and when thus disused to regular toil, cal lously thrown off to support themselves by any dis honest courses that may offer. IT was a singular eight, that which the House of Lords presented on Monday night: the Duke of WRLLINGTON standing up in favour of reform in the army and the introduction of limited enlistment, whilst Lords BROUGHAM and STANLEY stood up . per tinaciously with all the old stagers against any Inno vation. There were old gentlemen in France plus royalist. que le Bui. Lord BROUGHAM professes to understand and interpret the true feelings of the Duke of WELLINGTON better than the Duke of WELLINGTON himself. Did he think, Lord BROUGHAM declared, that the noble duke really approved of these changes , he should, of course, support them. The noble might say that he did approve them, but he (Lord Sem:Tot:mu) could not believe it. Our army was the best army, its officers the best efficers, its soldiers the best soldiers in the world; they were incapable of imp!overnent. So said Lord Bitouottesz, though starving; and though he had eaten nothing since an early hour, he determined to starve on, in order to have a fling at Lord GREY, for all whose words and propositions Lord BROUGHAM has a singular aversion. We cannot say that the Duke of WELLINGTON displayed any great comprehensiveness, of argument. The chief anxiety of his grace, and a very natural one, was for the old soldiers. He insisted that the carrying the Sikh guns at Feroseshah could only have been done by old soldiers. But he did not tell us whether he meant veterans who had been under the fire of the enemy and were veterans in that sense, or whether he meant those who had grown old merely in drills and guard-houses. To the latter species of old soldiers we should prefer young ones, even on entering a campaign. Some of the noble speakers possess a great horror of recruiting the army from a better class than at protect. A probable influx of hankers' clerks mimed to affright them. But no reformer ever dreamed o recruiting from such a class. The object is to induce ' the sons of respectable peasants to enlist in the army, as they do in the Guards, thus making the military profession more respected. We are sorry to say, that we agree with the objectors to the bill, in thinking that it will not effect this ch Nor do we think that it will be poe a Ms to recruit from better classes, unless the military career be made a profession to those who enter the ranks, es well se to those who gird them selves with a sword. No rational youth at present will invest the best years of his life in the army. He can only be betrayed to such a step by reckless c o o_ I duct and misfortune, or by that strong tendency to military life which exists, and which constitutes the true soldier. It is this latter class we would encourage, and it is not short enlistment that will encourage them, bat the Natural pre miums of the profession. As to the former class, the reckless, short enlistment will not enter into , their calculations either. We doubt, therefore, the !Mosey of the except the French and Prussian system be ZE:ed m , of peering greater numbers of the population through the army, and making of those who retire, a reserve for the defence of the country in case of need. The Duke of Wmturcrrote is evidently adverse to any such plan, and it has its inconvenience. Prnsera is said at this moment to exenoe one of them inconveniences in an alarming &give. It has entered into a period of great political excitement Great hopes, diroontents, effervescence, c =t o all clams. The army is looked to, to • But the army is com of boys, young recruits • the ows of tire-arms ; whilst theniation, w these boys are called to leep as vets= soldiers, who have served easy sod irks Wised of respecting or fesringthe THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, APRIL 28, 1847. military force in uniform and actual service, look flown and despise it. A oollision, therefore, between troops and citizens, between the active army and the liberal population, would prove a dangerous experi ment for the government. The conservative ideas of police have ever been uppermost in the mind of the Duke of WELLING TON, and therefore we fully understand the perti nacity with which he insists on keeping old soldiers in the ranks of the actual army, not on the re tired lists, and the (vial emphasis which his Grace lays on this necessity, to time of peace, as much as in time of war. Bat the Duke of WELLINGTON, with all his con servatism, sees also the necessity of forming and ad ministering the army in harmony with ,the ideas of the age. It is not legislation, but public opinion, which has disarmed the drummer of his whip. The law is but limping after public opinion, in this as in so many other respects; and our military legislation has yet many strides to make, ere it comes up with its powerful precursors. The present is a good step, and in the right direction. But, as we have before said, we are as yet hut in a state of transition with respect to the army, holding a middle couree between our old aristocratic system, and the more popular ones of France and Prussia; and we must take care lest we lose the advantages of one, ere we are able to grasp the benefits of the other. The consideration which tells moot against us is, that whilst England, the great upholder of the pacific and defensive principle, maintains an army, organised chiefly fur offence, the more warlike and aggressive states of Europe, such as France and Prussia, have been driven to organise the great defensive system of training the whole population to arms. SINCE the increase of physicians, and surgeons who do not dispense, and the conversion of the old apothe cary into the general practitioner of medicine, who also frequently does not dispense his own medicines, the business of the chemist and druggist has become of increased importance and responsibility. A sense of this some years ago led the leading chemists and druggists of London to form themselves into a body called the Pharmaceutical Society, which had for its object the elevation and better education of chemists and druggists throughout the kingdom. This society obtained a charter of incorporation in 1843, in which provision was made that no person should become a member of this society, " without passing an examination, and thus proving his qualification to act as a pharmaceutical chemist. That this society has done much towards educating the chemists and druggists of the metropolis by insti tuting lectures to be delivered by competent professors on the various departments of knowledge which are especially required in the preparation of medicines, is, we believe, well known, and their examinations will be the means of ensuring, that the persons who have passed them are fully competent to the supply of medicines. That the public require such a guarantee, is abundantly evident from the many instances of gross ignorance and carelessness on the part of persons employed in dispensing medicines which have recently occurred, some of which we have felt it our duty to comment upon. At the same time there can be little doubt that there are many districts of the country where the name of the Pharmaceutical Society could carry . . little weight, and where it is yet desirable that the lives of the inhabitants should not be sacrificed to ignorant venders of potent poisons; and we have now before us the draft of a bill for regulating the quali fiation of chemists and druggists throughout England and Wales. The obj ect of this bill is not to prohibit all persons from selling drugs who have not: the licence of the Pharmaceutical Society, but to prevent any one from using the name chemist and druggist who has not been qualified as the bill directs. The , bill, in the first place, provides that a register be kept and a registrar appointed, and then proceeds to I the clam of persons to be registered, who will be all previous members of the Pharmaceutical Society, or persons exercising the business or calling of a phar maceutical chemist, or chemist and druggist, before the passing of the act ; or those who submit to the examinations to be instituted by the Pharmaceutical Society. These examinations are to be made in the Latin language, and classical knowledge, in botany, in materia media, and in pharmaceutical and general chemistry, and toxicology. The bill further enacts, " That from and after the end of one year from the passing of this act, it shall not be lawful for any person, not being duly registered according to the provisions of this act, to exercise the business or calling of a pharmaceutical chemist, or chemist and druggist in any part of England or Wales, or to use the name or title of pharmaceutical chemist and druggist, or chemist and druggist, or any other name, sign, token, or emblem, implying that he is registered under this act," under a penalty to be afterwards specified. There can be no doubt that the passing of this act will have a very beneficial influence on the character of those employed in the making and pre paring of medicines ; and those engaged in this occu pation will hardly object to a measure which will do so much to elevate their position in the social scale. Some persons may think that the total interdiction of the tale of medicines by unlicensed persons would have been better than the object of the present bill, but it would be found that this would act very inju riously in some parts of the country, where the popula tion is small, and where no licensed chemist would be likely to be found. In such cases it would un doubtedly be better for the interests of humanity that medicines should be vended or made up by an unskilful hand than by none at all. There are other cases also in which the forbidding entirely the sale of drugs to unlicensed persona would be productive of serious evil. We think, however, that some re striction might have been introduced into this bill with regard to the sale of poisons even by licensed druggists which should extend to all persons. That poisoning, u a means of murder and suicide, is a frightfully increasing crime in this country, there can i be little doubt, and that this crime is greatly pro moted by the facility with which poisonous dens can be procured is also very evident. We think, then, that as the licentiates of the Pharma ceutical Society are the persons who will have the p re ri g n a c r i t ral sale of these substances, restrictions with to the sale of particular drugs, such as opium, arsenic, hydrocyanic acid, corrosive sublimate, and others, might have been introduced into this act, and the sale of them positively prohibited by all unlicensed persons whatever. No part of this act is to apply to the venders of patent nostrums. This is too profitable a source of revenue, we suppose, for the . government to dare to interfere with ; and yet, it is strange, that, whilst provision i made that only duly educated men shall prescribe medicines, and only qualified men dispense ! medicines, there should be any wish to maintain a system by which ignorant and designing men are allowed not only tocouipound bat to prescribe poisonous drugs, and this not only in ignorance of the proper ties of these drugs, but in ignorance of the special CM/ for which they are prescribed. The system of compounding and employing secret remedies is a remnant of the dark ages, when the alchemist and astrologer obtained from an ignorant public a mysteri ous confidence ' • and that any enactments of ou r sta tute-books should uphold the monstrous belief in " universal' remedies and cures for all diseases is a disgrace to the age in which we live. Better that some of the comforts of life should be taxed than that the weakest part of the community should be deluded into the practice of drugging themselves to death by the impudent falsehoods of advertising quacks. The revenue that is derivable from the sale and the advertising of patent medicines is small, eompared with the sum that is paid for the useless, but mote frequently injurious, drugs which they contain. Let the government, then, re solve to give up a revenue derived from so question able a source as secret remedies, and let it be an instruction to the Pharmaceutical Society, that all its I members be required to state the composition legibly on every compound they send out from their shops, "lees compounded in accordance with a prescription given by a legally qualified practitioner of medicine. By such a measure, one of the most powerful induce ments to the practice of quackery would be with drawn, and the public, when coos they knew the composition of the nauseous compounds they now swallow so greedily, would owes to patronise them. The Paris journals of Monday contain little do mestic intelligence which 'can interest the English reader. The losineal des Deltas, which has so often lately devoted its leading articles to arguments in favour of the extension of absolute free trade in food, say. that it ham received numerous communications from farmers Lad aOcultarista in the provinces (one of which it publis hes ), advocating the same policy, and showing how much agriculture itself is inte rested in it, more especially in the free importation of cured meat. This is a measure which, if carried, would be attended with very important ffecta on the commercial relations of France and the United States, considering the immense quantity of beef and pork annually cured in, and exported from, the latter country.. It is not, probably, an exaggerated esti mate to say, that cured meat of every description may be purchased in the ports of the United States at one-third of the price which it would at present cost in France. A letter is qaote 1 in the Paris journals, dated Frankfort, which says that an unusually active inter course is going on by cabinet couriers between Paris and St. Petersburg. " Not a day passes," says the writer, " that a cabinet courier does not pass here between those two capitals in each direction." It is added, that the alliance between France and Russia is growing close and intimate, and that the present communications are not ascribed to the late purchase by the Emperor Nicholas in the French funds, but to more serious motives. The recent submission of Kabylia as a dis trict tributary to the French government, is made the subject of much congratulation with the Paris press. It appears that the capture of Itou- Mara, which we have already mentioned, is, strictly speaking, not a captive, having, with a view to evade being captured, voluntarily announced his intention of desisting from future resistance to the French government. "He has," says the I:obats, " re nounced war, declaring that his career has terminated —his efforts being powerless before the ascendant of the French arms." The Journal des Debate gives the particulars of interviews which Marshal Bugeaud, governor of Al geria, had with several of the Arab chiefs, the result of which appears to have removed almost altogether the obstacles to the establishment of French au tho rity through the country. The sheik Ben-Azzeddio, whose influence is unbounded over the tribes of the Kabyles ' to the west, has sent one of his nephews to assure General Belleau of his pacific dispositions. Advices from Tlemcen announce the return of Abd-el•Kader to the Dews., still encamped in the environs of Ainzohra, in Morocco. The Madrid correspondence of the 20th and 21st inst. states that reports of another ministerial modifica tion continued to prevail. The great majority of the committee on the financial projects of M. Salamanca are opposed to the government; independently of which, other grounds of dissension exist between M. Sala- mance and his colleagues. It was still said that a ' further change in the liberal direction would take place in the cabinet, and M. Oloraga was spoken of as its probable chief. This deputy had been twice sent for by the Queen, with whom he had confi dential communications. General Serrano had been recalled to Madrid, where he arrived on the , 20th. A large number of new senators had been appointed from the party of the progressistas. Gen.! Manuel de la Concha, who was lately sent to Paris on a mission to Queen Christina, is appointed to command the army of intervention in Portugal ; but is for the present detained in Madrid by family affairs, mean while Gen. 'Vista Hermosa has the command. At the Bourse, on the 20th, there was a fall of the funds. Reports were circulated tL ei t be ;ht projects of the Minister of Finance were rejected in the Bureaux, and that they would meet with decided opposition in the Chamber, in consequence of which a new ministerial crisis was feared. Capitalists conse quently held back ; and the holders of securities, sharing the general apprehensions, threw them on the market ; and as the scarcity of money still in creases, an extraordinary fall in every species of secu rity, but especially in the public funds, was expected. The operations, as well in public securities as bank and other shares, were few. FRANCE.—Pants, APRIL 26.—0 n the evening of the 21st, about 26 workmen employed on the railway between Tendu and Saint M,reel, in the Indre, on leaving work went to a boat waiting for them at the passage of La BOOIIO2IIC. The last comers leaped suddenly into the boat, and thereby caused it to rock .0 violently, that the greater port of the men who had entered it were thrown into the water, and nine of them perished. The Union Monarchique says:—lt appears that' the governim nt has at last recegnised how shameful it is, , to imr natiLnil dignity, that in present circumstances there should be no French ambassador at ltzdrid. It i►announced in feet, as a thing definitively settled, that this important post is very soon to be confided to M. de Bois-le Comte, at present ambassadcr in Switzerland. It is not yet stated who will be the successor of M. de Bois-le-Comte, nor what will be the new destination of Count Benson. The Swedish frigate the Eugenia, left Toulon on the 20th, with Prince Oscar of Sweden. SPAIN.—The edict permitting the exportation of grace has been put in force at the Spanish ports, but potatoes are excepted from the meanie°, the authorities reliving to consider these in the light of grain. A letter from Girona, of the 17th, dates that a Carlist chief, called the Penitent of Fin stns, was shot there en that day, on •sentenee by a court-martial, one day after his arrest and • few hours after his trial. GERMANY.—At'eTRIA.—VIENNA, APRIL 15-- According to a letter from Vienna in the Nuremberg Corres pondent, the aulic councillor, Count Werner, sent by Prince Metternich to Berlin on a mission relative to the project attributed to the Prussian government to accord a free press to Germany, by proposing it at the diet of Frankfort, is said to have presented • note from Prince Metternich to the cabinet of Berlin, in which Austria proposes to tie confede ration that all contracts and conventions on the affairs of the press be annulled. According to this proposition, all the sovereigns of the different states of the confederation would be free of all etwegements, and have it in their power to set according to their own discretion, either absolutely or under certain mcdificationa from the representative states. It is added, that this proposition, which abrogates the decrees of Carlsbad and all subsequent conventions, has been favour received by the Prussian cabinet. VIENNA, APRIL 16.—A1l the measures for esta blishing Austrian law in Cracow had been taken, but have been suspended owing to a petition having been addressed to the Emperor by the greater portion of the in habitants, demanding that the French code may be preserved which was introduced into Cracow at the time of the crea lion of the duchy of Warsaw in 1909. This petition is now be for the A ulic chamber, but if the French civil code is allowed to remain in force no more can be hoped for. The Emperor has Oust decreed that &gloats as the prig of provisions remains so high an increase of salary is to be allowed to the esstploydes in the government ahem, being an additional expense of 30,0001. All the officers of the Austrian army who are members of societies against cruelty to animals, either in the Austrian dominions or in other countries, have received orders to withdraw immediately from those societies. This measure has created universal astonishment. PRUSSIA.—Beaux, Aran 21.—Prince Waleaky, whose intimate relations with Prince Czartoriaki are no mys tery, arrived here to take advantage of the preemies of the Polish deputies in favour of Poland, but the polite, in formed of his projects, have ordered him to quit Berlin. BANK ROBBERY.—A BIZSOrtr, apparently is easy circumstances, who gave himself oat for a menbant of Ifce berg, had lat er taken up his _routers is erne of the Int hotels in Berlin. Shortly after bit snivel he hod impeetast transactions with • booker of the *os, sad loathed a coa riderable sum of nary for eawddr mid to Wm, emsrat• ing for the mart plot of bilis of embange am** ins commercial houses of /body. Is the afternoon he left the hotel, carrying with Wm a pertmanan hssuly Mb/ with gold to continue, as ho mid, his jmey to delve/ by Tint - eela. It was supposed linsoloo then he mobil ham by the Anhalt Railway. AM , hie ikpoinede doe head of a groat banking house arrived at dm betel is order to anmet the pretended Limberg nerehent. As omen had yin been received from Brody with the news thon the eleet Abraham W. had clandestinely left thee place, imerybig my with him a portfolio which contained secaritne to the - vake of MAO florins mosey of coaveatiss. The UM, aikomid to the head of the banking lea rehrrod to, stilled OM the Indlvi dual had peobably take. the road to DeM,_ booms may of the sermonise me payable there, and Miond that we mom Meld be mooed to prevent hi embarking ' Amorist it any of the northern ports. Police agents were immediately dispatched is puma of the fugitive. WALLACHIA AND MOLDAVIA.—We extract the following from a letter in Le Sick, au containing mete curious details on the ambitious manoeuvres of Rases ; "The thrones of Moldavia and Wallachia were simeltene maly occupied by Btourza and Gbika. The knew has eacsliced the inritutions of his country to emery Mem tem the protecting power, and still PIEB•111/ Primo anklissisi the latter, not so deserving, has has , mid teem Midi* by Bibelot*, a Remise' candidata. It le stet mar Isisellas to point out here the many illegal seem deli& tee sie prince kas bees guilty ; all the scs of Ids shelmistretke WO so many blow, mimed at the rights of the pilleelpality. When Russia ocesplei the principalities with bet Dow, she int pored upon shim the tegiale law trier whisk they are r...tin the pretest werem. es a seem by which to aMeer lefties' slim mad Is maw tap in this novel charter the Reek poem pitilesee tibia tie Mol davian' and Welleabbee had eirtelmer this stipula tions with tbe Pane; NA in ere fhb bad Med, Reuse counted tepee the divan to 'beds any drifts the Wee AMA Is wed of to oweelete her wink of desneelta. It wee thinks to this mpedient that to 111111 as dolma& the Aft of sanc timing the leglaMeile of the pbelpillthe • new Ifter wards de amid Elemplimed. ehampion Ns emelye Amy be lie wet Me telsea. In 1842 eler aelartmet Mae. end la UN die mbieieed Masco to tleiolve the chamber midi itergher emista, owing to its having refused the COTIG/41M11 of certain mines to • Row an company. The convocation of the chamber at the ekes a last year is to bo attributed to the fact, that, for this onee, e Russia had lost her hearings, not findin g at Constantinopl a sultan whom, a few yeses previouely, she treated as a child, nor ministers open to bribery or to be intimidated by threats. The Sultan has grown up to manhood, and sh e statesmen of Turkey ere beginning their political education, Nen rthelens it was not a bad year for Russia. She obtain e d from Ribero° the flagrant violation of the electoral la w, and the suppression of the publication of the debates in the chambe r , and a law is now in preparation to prohibit the youth of Moldavia and Welechia front studying at any other than Russian null ersities. But let them beware--if Russia is kt to have her way she will not stop there. The Wallachid 4 , are aware that Wiesen nets entirely under the direction a Russian influences and th it he has only escaped so 1 , og che censure of the Porte by means of Salae reports dictated and supported by Russia, as was the case in the dissolution of the chamber. The Waller-hums do not hesitate to affirm that the recall of Daskow, the litissian Consul-general it Bucharest, who compromised himself greatly by meddling with the acts of the government, was only a step to give n turn to the current of public opinion. A similar step u m taken with Bukhman the former consul. A new consul will enter the field with • better chance of success, not beiag obstructed by antecedents." RUSSIA—ST. PETERSBURG, APRIL 11.—The fig lowing is the recital of a aeries of abominable murders : .• M. Lesniewski, a landowner, in White Russia, had given a family fete, at which some friends were present. If e ; s . sited them to pan the night at his house, and promised them a good breakfast the next morning. In the maiming, however, nothing was ready; the cook, the coachman, and another d imestie having passed the night in drinking. Id Lesniewski ordered the steward to chastise the coachman an the moat guilty of the three, and pardoned the other two. Having learned that he was to be punished, the coachma n spoke to the two domestics, and induced them to arm them selves with axes and kitchen knives. They then went to the house occupied by the steward and his family, and killed him and has wife and daughter. Two brothers of the want having hastened to render assistance, were also killed. A young girl who had sought refuge behind a stove wag dragged out, and in spite of her cries arid supplications, was likewise murdered. The assassins then went to th e residence of M. Lnniewski, who was smoking with a friend. They attacked the two gentlemen with great violence, bat after resisting for some time they succeded in barricading themselves in the dining-room. Having in vain tried to break open the door, the three wretches spread theouelveg over the house and killed the wife of M. Ltsniewski, be e servant, and a child who was sleeping in a Cradle. They then took horses and rode off to the house of Al, Porembaki, a neighbour of M. Lesniewski, and stating that they bad an important letter to remit, fell upon him and killed hon. Rig wile, who was enceinte., was also slain. They then went to the house of another gentleman, but an alarm having been given, the peasantry took arms to defend their master, upon which the anasems fled. hi. Lesaiewski, having escaped from his hiding place, drew together all the inhabitants of the neighbourhood and the police, and went in pursuit of the assassins, They eventually overtook them, but not be fore the miscreants had made several other victims. The total number of persons thus murdered was seventeen. The assassins were eventually arrested. One of them hanged himself, and the other two were executed " MADAGASCAR—The Journal du Ifarre of the 26th contains intellitence from ;his island, brought to the Mauritius by an English vessel. According to the account of the captain of this vessel, the relations with the W an d... still interrupted, and likely to remain so for some time to come. All the Europeans in the island continue to be treated with great rigour, and are severely watched. A Malagache chief, having shown symptoms of a desire to enter into friendly relations with the Europeans, was condemned by the Queen to be burnt alive, and only escaped the horrid death by taking poison. The Malagache women, who ars suspected of having 'myth:og to do with foreigners, are sold into slavery. RIO JANElRO.—Advicee have been received from Rio to the 28th of February. Exchange on London had impreved to 28/ ; Local Stork was quoted 83i. From Buenos Ayres dates had been received there to the 22nd of January, and from Monte Video re the 29th, hut without news of any interest, beyond what is already known here. Accounts from Valparaiso to the beginning of January had also beat received in Rio; but, beyond the contemplated ex pedition of Flores, and the expression of satisfaction with the measures of the government of this country to prevent it, they presented no novelty. RUSSO-AMERICAN COMPANY.—The Russian colo nits in the north-west of America, encircling to advice, from St. Petersburg in the German papers, have acquired a high degree of prosperity in consequence of their excellent admi nistration; they have become principally important for RUIIIiS with reference to furs and tea, because for several years it has become evident that the fur animals have b gam to diminish in the north-eat of Siberia, through the inces sant persecutions of which they are the object, or that they have retreated into the region of the north, almost inacces sible to man, and that on the other side Russia iv no longer in a condition to pay for the tea which she annually re ceives from China, with the furs of Siberia, which are becoming more rare, a deficit which con only be made good by the colonies before mentioned. The com mercial movement of the Russo-American company amounted in 1845 to rather more than three millions of silver rubles. The commercial operations bore principally upon furs and tea. The company imported into Kiachta 30,000 furs, which, with some other articles in request there, were exchanged against 6,150 chests of Chinese tea, the greater part of which was afterwards sold at Nishni-Novgo- red, the chief market of Rusaia. The commodities neces sary to the inhabitants of the colony wero partly brought by land fr..m Siberia, partly from Cronstadt, and from Eng land, in the vessels of the Iludeon's Bay company. Down to 1844 the colonial company possessed a factory at Ochotsk, which was transferred in that year to Ajan, a more southerly point, and more favour a bly s it ua t e d than Ochotsk for commercial operations. Irvin hence it is proposed to introduce agriculture amongst the nomadic tribes of the vicinity, and to establish commercial • relations with the Tungusic, a race still entirely savage, spread over the frontiers of China, not far from Ajan. Some Ismailia' of this nomadic race have been recently located our the bay of Ajan and the shore", of the river May the nays which they have made in the culture of wheat have succeeded beyond all expectation. Similar essays had not succeeded at Oehotak, which is situated more to the north, and In a more rigorous climate. If the company should come to stabil& commercial relations with the Tanguses in the new factory of Ajan, it may have important remake for its commerce, for • this people would open a fruitful source for the furs whits abound in that part of Siberia, little visited still by the bunters. At the commencement of the last year, all the population of the Russo-American colonies amounted to 7,783 souls, of which 560 only were Russians of origin. The company displayed a laudable real in the moral development ache colony, and in extending instruction. At New Arch angel, capital of the colonies, there were two popular schools for the education of children of cne and the other sex ; there was also a seminary for the training of priest': the last year it counted 60 pupils, of whom 35 creole,, the remainder native. These colonies have the most amicable relations with all their neighbours, even with the Kola:his, the most powerful and savage tribe in these regions of North America. The fur held at New Archangel in April, 1846, wee visited by nearly 2,000 Koloches, who supplied the market with fresh provisions, which was so muck the more season able, as at the Liana the town was in want of edibles. With the view of extending its operations in those parts of America, the dtrec•ora of the company had dispatched is February, 1846, a first expedition to the Sandwich Islands, which wee attended with complete success. Returned to New Archangel on the 30th of April, it bad yielded a profit to the company of more than 4,000 silver rubles, with the agreeable perspective of creating durable commercial re lotions with those Wands. FOREION COMMERCE OF AUSTRIA. About five years ago, the department of finance in Austria commenced the arrangement and publication of tables indicative of the results of Austrian commerce. The seventh volume, with the returns for 1845, has recently made its appearance. For the first year the work was divided into two parts, one of which gave the returns for 1840, and the other represented the commercial movement from 1831 to 1840. The importance of the progress mado•by Austria will thus be more readily appreciated during the space of fifteen years. Dividing them into periods of five years each, the miss value of the importations, exportations, and customs re ceipts may be thus stated for each period : Isoorts. Costal:is 1931.5 ... 1111,T47,1 . 28 .., 87,603,1707 ... 11,910=. 1036-40 ... 101634,934 ... 102,13‘183 ... 13,213,839 ... 1341-45 ... 114,433,040 ... 111,364,367 ... 16,292,943 ... The rate a( pproroggreaamr is distributed over each year of mai series with rsaarkabla regularity. In three years only mil there any fa . first to last, as shown an as ineonsider r erlef in the exports of 1837 and 11142, , and the imports of 1 1, u compared with the year lame irately premeding in each case. As between the first add the last year attach mile of five years, the ratio of prop , * may be thus inhibited : 1631 11,041,967 AstiM. 86,9113,241 INS —.— 111,794241 S 1169 1541 311111,796 1663 tribab ....., The i fa smer* sad exports by Lad and sea were thin Mi. sd INC-- isollrom i lS I: L AP IM;t4 ... 1 i r,428,424 Wok = 14.7,0,111111 ... 11:,2:1,011 - • 4.111,187 ... kiii,l9o Cloorn. 470,11211 ... 2,484017 ... Polited _ low* b= 1,1118.144 ... 1,810.11111 By oelter - • Turin .. . ............ DM= limilt Bwitssimmll 2.11111.139 ... 18,891,323 ... ,I TOW by Ird. ...... - 111,11311,148 ... 81,137,44$ 7 . 1 7 elk OM" t Hine —.- 6s,sts . I". i r Tel.le .......--..«.. F . ,111!,1•11 ... 1!,0111,10 ... Vivo Me Law aim. sod • 70.7 1 ;;N: 5,U0,1116 2,11P,050 t: 49,443,7 M .. 14,744,17 . ' The aggregates of the imports and export. as s here give, fall short by nearly twelve million, of florins of the tabs 's'. appreciation previously set forth, the gross total of i . in the first cuss being stated at 235,805,063 florins for 1666, and in the latter for 223,828,122 florins only. The Maio mice, not explained in the Germ= papers from which WM