The Express. — London, England, 1852-03-06 00:00:00

ghe tarpretso. TO CORRESPONDENTS . a second nation 4" ISA Express." has sins ~dreg GuvapP," Y palikohal sossy Tasoday sad stilt, la tins kr po4L &dye noomendslalsaded for "TM limos." Leads. Zombi paps; mot his st Oa Ms% 10. asayseisalraa. 'fly Two o'slait es the 6v of pobliedisa. DIOS WATRIL AT LONDON BUTDOIR Tula I)•,—llria,a& A. Se. k. r.:: LONDON, BATURDAT, MARCH 0. To those liberal politicians who entertained doubts as to the real views of a DERBY administration, the speeches of Sir JOHN PAKINOTON Ind LordJonN MAN NERS will, we should think, give an effectual answer. Both baronet and lordling are Cabinet ministers, men who will sit in the councils, frame the policy, direct the energies and administer the public affairs of the country :—not hangers-on of the government, mere appendages of the Cabinet, runners of greater personages, or mere ornaments of the court ;—but part and parcel of the government itself; responsi ble advisers of the crown; leaders of parliament; persons who have immense power fur good or fur evil; on whose tone of thought, powers of correct reasoning, calmness and solidity of judgment, and appreciation of the true interests of the community, every unit in this immcuse empire is concerned. And what say they? Why—that we have tos much food, too much bread, too much beef and mutton, too much sugar, too much cheapness, too much abundance. Not, in deed, in words • not plainly or explicitly ; it may be, not intentionally ; but in substance and reality. if this be not the ogical consequence of their words and arguments, of their language and their logic, their speeches arc is it hout meaning—mere phrases, the value of which they do not themselves comprehend. Just listen to them. " A great reform and re vision of the tariff is called for at the hands of government!" exclaims Lord JOHN. "No act of the late government was so reprehensible—none had excited such just and general condemnation as the Act of 1846," which gave the people of Ragland cheup sugar, answers Sir lone. "The injustice and the absurd anomaly of our present fiscal code remains in my eves exactly where it was," plainly and frankly says Coed JOHN. "I have always been in favour of a fixed duty far revenue and pro timtion," responds Sir JOHN. It is dreadful, lord bons thinks, that the millers of America and the retires of Holstein should have the privilege of sending in their flour and their cattle without the payment of any duty at all. It is horrible, argues Sir bone, to are the West Indies obliged to compete with the produce of Cube and Brazil. "My mind is unmoved by the threats which they (the Manchester men) bad the audacity to utter, grandiloquently announces Lord Jou:e. "We are prepared to bow to the decision of the country," more modestly con dodo. Sir Jolts. Wide as is the difference in the temper, frame of mind, capacity for reflection, powers of lucidness, and experience of men and public elides of these two cabinet ministers —and unfair as it would be to make Sir low( PAILINGTON personally responsible for the absurtli•ies of Lord Jon s MANNERS, it is imporeible not to perceive that the same penal clone fallacy—though in different degreesof intensity— has possession of both 'heir miuds, aud that neither the Colonial Secretary nor his colleague the Commis sioner of Public Works has got at the elementary truth, that the welfare of the people is the only legi timate object of legislation. And the consequence is, we have one denouncing the tariff generally, and the other raising speeial claims for corn and sugar to be excepted from the operation of competition. Neither has the power to look at the subject Iran the only point from which a correct view an be ob tained - the good of the country generally. Sir Jonas is, of course, far lea extravagant than his col league; but in the principle of one clam being al lowed to rob another, and of producers being per mitted to tnc the community, they are quite agreed. And does anyone suppose that a cabinet of such men, of such opinions, and of such avowed objects and intentions, is a harmless, innocent, well-mean ing body ? ghat we can trifle with such a ministry ? That we may safely allow it to carry on, for a session, the government of the country, as if it had no wish, no desire—far less any ulterior design—to reduce the site of our loaf? That there is no danger to the tariff so denounced by Lord JOHN MANNERS, or to the sugar duties FO characterised by Sir JOHN PAKINO TON, and the corn law against which all their col kagues conspire, in giving " fair play" to such an administration as this? Why i the cnemyare upon us; they have gained the citadel; they are n posses 'ion of the strong places. Nay more: they tell us what they mean to do atter they have been permitted to scour the country. They intend to tax our bread, to raise the price of our sugar, to exclude foreign meet, to make "a great reform and revision of the tariff,"—the source of our present plenty. Lord Dean spoke cautiously and carefully ; he knew the danger and the risk of letting the truth out ; he his to account to the QUEEN for the condition of her people; but with Sir JOHN PARING TON and Lord lons MANNERS, two of his colleagues, there is na such discretion or moderation. " g e e; speak, and speak plainly. They mean protection, and they tell us so. Are we then to surrender, by our supineness, free-trade; are we to let them choose the season for the struggle, to allow them to select the ground for the great battle ? If such would, as Mr. COREItN told the country at Manchester, have been folly when we had only Lord DEIST'S manifesto by which to test the policy of his cabinet, it would surely be weakness and t=2 OM that Sir J. PAKINGTON has in o ffi ce his sugar motion ; now that Lord JOHN MANNERS cannot, "for the life of him," see how cheap mutton chops or beef steaks benefit the labourers and artisans of this country, because they pay a tax on their beer, on their tea, and their soap. Had they confined themselves to a very low fixed duty on wheat--had they spoken in simpering whispers and with bated breath about that—bad they told us that by such a tax they would have rid us of the income-tax, people might have been deluded and misled, timid politicians would have hedges. aims for giving them a " fair trial." Or, had they beam new ground, such as reform in our pietism,- tary system—had they affected great liberality on the questions of education, ethissisetkal reform, and such like topics—had they promised in power to lead new and better lives, we might have been deceived. Bat to all the vices of political retrogres s We have added the anpar closable fault of aggremies. They willing extend the suffrage; they will not give us anything but church education ; they will not diminish the per elicits or correct the abuses of the church; but they will interfere with the freedom of our trade, .vith the exercise of our industry, with the price of our food. Wheat will not content them; Sir JOHN PAKINOTON must have sugar also; and Lord Jonx MANNERS the whole tariff sacrificed to his blatant wrath. Sir Jonm PAKINGTON, to do him Ac t is etice is as eager now to get at the Sugar Duties ' he was a week before Lord JOHN RUSSELL resigned, when be insisted on having the ballot for notices repeated in the Howe of Commons that he might get his mo tion on before Raster. It was nut, then, a mere party move with him ; it was not • skilful device whereby to trip up Lord Jowl liessetes heels. What was foremost in his mind while plain Sir JOHN is still uppermost in his thoughts now that he is a right honourable and Secretary of State. lie looks forward to a majority for dear sugar even in the present House of Commons : so he would prepare the way for dear bread next session by driving the wedge into sugar at ones. liars this look like an abandonment of protection? Does this seem as if his colleagues had given up all hopes of a tax on corn ? No; the DERST ministry is honest in its prejudices and earnest in its ill-intentions. It means to restore protection ; and it has told us so. And our reply to those who still hesitate as to what the policy of the liberal party ought to be, is—read Sir Jolts PAKING TON and Lord Jonv Mssitents's speeches, and you will doubt no longer. TT is now that such strange folks as Sir CHARLES WOOD will have mason to regret their past short comings., The most palpable clap-trap of the new ministers, for the elections or for popularity, will undoubtedly be the abrogation of the income-tax, or the diminution of its rats by one-half, as proposed by Mr. HERRIEB. That this, with the view of -- Ili will be DO 'Play eventually , on import r that th t vp . for repo, pot se pee • end 411 ut still their speeches papist memory. uterine to duties and showing that they putsetion. The protect' 11.11114 d such intent now boo long 'leaped ei • die taking off the' k • may plias un questioned and unfathomed by a host of people, who will merely rejoice at the fact, air somidelse with what far more onerous tax dm bask is to be filled, and an excuse found far surreptitiously undermining the principles of free trade. Had Sir CUARLEs Wood last year intro. dated • rational and equable modification of the income tax, the removal of the whole burden now by the tories would not have been to them a source of popularity, and at the same time an assistance to their selfish and party views. ' There is certainly no more startling event of our time than the circumstance of the government hav ing been handed over to the chief of the high mo narchic. tory aristocracy, and that chief, the very first time he declares his principles in parliament, makes it known, that he, of all other financial and fiscal systems, has adopted that of the most democra tic republic. What the United States have invented, that Lord DERBY has adopted. Now, every one knows what is the fiscal system of the United States and the reasons for which it has been adopted, reasons that ought to be meet remote from influencing such a minister as Lord Denay. The great weight of taxation in America, as the great disbursement of revenue, is local. For public works, for education, for militia, the funds arc raised and spent by each state, and are supplied by direct taxation. The American willingly pays money for purposes of which be feels the necessity, and for expenditure, of which ho can see the outlay. But for the general expenditure of the Union, the Ame rican will not pay directly. Neither will he suffer an excise. All he tolerates are the Customs, which being upon foreign luxuries, or foreign commodities which compete with some of his own, ho has hitherto been blind enough to consider the fairest object of taxation. The American finance minister is thus compelled to supply the general expenses of the central go vernment by import duties. But he does so in sheer necessity, in the absence of any other source, and he does so only till the people bemuse fully alive to the truth, that it is cheaper to pay even the central government directly, than allow it to support itself by doubling the price of implements, of habiliments, and of all that the American soil does not of itself produce. It is remarkable that since the broaching of this American scheme of finance by Lord DERBY, scarcely ' a word has been said of it. The occupiers of the minis terial bench, addressing their constituencies, have not alluded to it. Even SirJons PAKINGTos, who went into the question of the sager duties, never men tioned it. He insisted that his sugar duty motion was mere anti-slavery agitation. But surely if Lord DERBY is to introduce a general tariff of duties on all imports, from which he does not see the necessity of excluding corn, sugar must make part of it. We are not, indeed, to b.s favoured with even a sight of this tariff fur the present. It would spoil her mony, shorten parliament, and interfere with quer ter-eLy. But, af!er all, a budget cannot be made up from two different systems of financial policy. Mr. Disit %ELI is an able man at ambiguity ; but he is not quite the god JANUS, to make us worship two faces at once, looking different ways. The con tinuance of the income-tax even for a year will tell the farmers a plain tale, viz., that they must not hope for even a fixed duty of five shillings. The allowing it to expire, and the demand of but one half, will be just as plain a hint to the free-traders. What can the Times, then, mean by asking a year's grace . for the protectionists? Perfectly neu tral or passive they cannot be. They must give hopes to the agriculturists, and mast create fear in manufacturers and traders; both of which hopes and fears are facts productive of material, and commer cial, and pecuniary results. Surely it is better that we should know what is what in 1852, than grope about and conjecture what may turn out in 1853 ? There are, indeed, many cases and modes of con duct which would have entitled Lord DERBY and Mr. Dlfiltsell to forbearance on the part of the liberals. They might have brought forward, for example, a Reform Bill of their own. They de flounce finality ; they declare reform desirable, if it could be ierfully introduced into the constitution. What humbug liesin all their words, when at the same time the men in practice scout every reform ! And are we not entitled to consider them equally insincere in their forbearant language towards free-trade? Sup posing even Lord Deur was sincere, what can he do for the country •? From any other man, or any other party, something may be hoped or squeezed ; but nothing can be hoped from him except that he turn out a trickster and a hypocrite. What a con tingency to wait upon! But many worthy folks have been Toiled by the recollection of what WELLINGTON and PEEL effected for the liberal cause by means of an illiberal band of followers in power. In the same way people hope to see some great complement of free-trade IMO from the o ffi ce to which GEORGE FREDERIC YOUNG was to be oppinted. People who hope this, may hope a liberal constitution from Louis NAPOLEON, German unity Or Italian indeendesce trap SCHWARERNBERG, and courage or truth fulness from the Bing of PRUSSIA. The most hopeless of all ministries is Lord DEIST'S. The only mods by which they an im bibe a lesson of common sense is by a beat ing. They will never come to a conviction that they have beet fools, u long as they are in place, and parliament willing to leave them there. They must be defeated, soon and signally. FRANCE. mums is 'Gwent., and epeulation dead, it was still limetnelinel to Malmo UMil terms. But &a pro 40gOilon of its privilep from 1865 to 1887 was a pbtent inducement to comply with a will, whisk tho council had in fact es means of resisting. This reduction is bf course of the greatest important a for the new lines of raihroy. The government has already authorised, wee Dr-1 Luber, the establishment of new lines rf railway which will cost twelve millions stuling. Capital hos to be found foe the lime already conceded, from Paris to Lyons, from Lyons to Avignon, from Dijon to Besancon, from Strasburg to the B avarian fron tier, for the branches of the North, and for the Western railway. Other lines are on the point of beinggranted—from Paris to Caen and Cherbourg, from Poitiers to Rochefort, Bordeaux to Bayonne, and Bourdoux to Toulouse. Now, with the excep tion of the Paris and Lyons Railway, which pro mises to be one of the most productive in France, it must bo confessed that the greater part of the above enterprises offer little attraction to speculators ; nor is the guarantee of 4 per cent. by the government a sufficiently strong temptation to allure capital. While the shares of the Northern Railway produce 7 par cent, and those of the Nantes lino 10 per cont., it is idle to think that money which can find so rich a market will waste itself on uncertain lines. Hence the redaction of the Bank's rate of interest will be attended no doubt with greatadvantage for the latter. But if the paper of the new lines were thrown upon the market at present with the mere government guarantee of 4 per cent., the elide' t result would be their falling below par until the balance was established between the rate of interest derivable from them and that of the old productive lines. The Moniker contains a decree respecting the en gagements of sailors in merchant vessels, and re 'living certain old ordinances relative thereto. Another decree places the conscila do Prudlommes of Lyons and St. Etienne under the rigime of the im perial decrees 1806,1809, and 1810, untda general law relative to such councils shall be promulgated. The rea son stated in the preamble of the decree is that the decrees of the 27th May and 6th June ! 1848, which changed the bases of the imperial decrees, have given rise to great difficulties, and could not bo made applicable to the peculiar constitution of the manufactories of Lyons and St.. Etienne. Another decree declares that a sum of 115,735 fr. is to be struck out of the credit of 638,000 fr. granted from the budget of 1851 to the Minister of Agricul ture and Commerce for expenses connected with the London Exhibition; and orders the said sum of 115,735 fr. to be transferred to the budget of 1852, forming a special chi ter in the same, and destined to complete the operations for which it was origin ally intended. The total number of judges who have passed the age fixed for retirement by the recent decree on the magistracy is 155; viz.-6 First Presidents of the Court of Appeal; 12 Presidents de Chambre of Court' of Appeal; 62 Judges of Courts of Appeal; 21 Pre sidents de Chambre in the Tribunals of the First Instance; 8 Vice-Presidents do Chambre of the First Instance; and 46 Judges of First Instance. The mixed commission charged with the task of deciding on the culpability or non-culpability of the persons arrested in the department of the llnime, has terminated its inquiry. It has set at liberty 1,023 persons, and sent 496 to Africa ; 20 were seat before the Councils of War; 16 ordered to be taken to Cayenne; 13 are to be expelled from France; 30 sent to various fixed places to live; and 18 sent before the Correctional Police. By order of the military commission, passports havejust been delivered to the following persons, with an injunction to quit Paris in 24 hours. For London : MM. Baune (Aine); Lefebvre (Hector); Watripon, a literary man; Delpech, sculptor; and Jacoubet, architect. For Brussels: Weber, Pelloux, Girondeau, and Crespelle. For Mons: Couture, shoe maker. For Geneva : Victor Magen and Duchotiel. And for Chambery: Mancha!, bookkeeper; Pelliasier, laceman ; and Clavel, journalist. The electoral news continues to be uninteresting. The governiant journals exultingly state that, out of 250 returns, the number of opposition candidates elected remains 5 only. The indifference of the people will have rendered fresh elections neces ary in many places. At Reims, out of 11,374 electors, all the exertions of government could only bring up 4,479 to the poll. Of these only 2,337 voted for the government candidate; 770 funct ionaries and others who were forced to make a show of voting put blank bulletins in the box. At Chartres the bulletins of the Mar quis Gouvin St. Cyr, the opposition candidate, were seized, and the porters who carried them were arrested as disturbers of the public peace. At a late cabinet council, at which the President of the Republic presided, it was decided that the Minister of Finance should immediately send a cir cular to all the agents of the stamp-office, enjoining them to leave the scientific journals in the same posi tion as they were placed in before the decree of the 17th of February lest. The operations of the Bank of France, to which the present week's returns apply, having preceded the late decision of the directors relative to a lower rate of discount, and the promulgation of the decree from the President of the R ep ublic, which so materially extends the sphere of the bank's utility, are again of an unfavourable character. The discount accommodation has fallen off in Paris nearly Sj millions, the amount being 36,336,983 fr., but shows an improvement in the pro vinces to the extent of something more than 1j mil lions, the amount being 70,772,186 fr. Likewise the metallic reserve shows an augmentatiou,both in Paris and in the branch banks—in the former of 21 millions, and in the latter 11 millions. The advances on French securities have also declined, the present amount being 14,147,236 fr., in place of 15,256,634 fr. On the side of the liabilities, the notes in circulation have declined 61 millions in Paris, and somewhat more than of a million in the departments. The ac count-current of the treasury has increased nearly lt millions, the present amount being 100,427,434 fr. Private accounts-current have increased in Paris 43 PARIS, FIIDAT BM MG. Two facts assume a glaring evidence in the nee treaty with the Bank, the financial necessities of the government, and its intention to keep henceforth in dm dark the state of its account with the Beak an well u the state of the Bank itself. In imispesemst circles there is but one opinion as to the of the weekly statement of the Bank published regularly in the Mossiteur. A or half-yeetrly statement is indeed be g iven to the world; bat what means say be taken to cook such a document I ne as to disarm public criticism at those rare intervals, mad to mobs a Pinsible show for the moment, must remain unbown. But in this the government fol lows its /Morita policy, darkness and secrecy, con of the peth seceenience, and fear of the The am risks to which this eatab le monad boa its engagement to lend mow ups all sans of railway shares, render now more dm over neassmay that weekly public inv.m. tion of its treassathan which has hitherto served as the byway Of samemon. But it was through the weekly stalwart of the Beak that the public learned that the rsmoinfni IS Wang of the loan of 75 mil lions °untreated in 184$ had been drawn to pay the expenses of the esup teNat of December 2. Such transactions will in future be sacredly veiled from the public eye; while a profuse and unscrupulous government may place this great commercial establishment in the management of corrupt or unskilful hands; and some fine morn ing the people of Paris may wake, like the people of Madrid in the financial reigns of Salamanca, to find themselves obliged to pay 15 or 20 per cent. to change a bank note. The portfolio of t h e bank may be discovered hill of railway shims, the greater part of which may be worthless, and the whole concern eaten up with as• predated paper. The next strain to whisk the credit of the Bank will be exposed, will resit • from the necessity of giving an impulse to the societies of creche fowler, and encouraging the public confidence in their issues of paper. la the mean time, publicity, the only antidote to the canker of speculation which tends to sap establishments of credit, is excluded; the inward taint spreads unseen, and some day the crisis breaks I oat, and thousands of families are ruined. The whole non-governmental prom, for, in the present state of t e l i tts, it would be an abuse et language to of an oppoeitios sr an indopeodost prow— is unanimous in condemning the su ppression _ of the weekly statement of the Bank. Not without a se sure struggle was the Bank induced to lower its in terest to 3 per cent. During the most pros- Mane years of the reign of Louis Philippe it had always maintained the rate of interest at 4 per cent., and of coarse at a moment when cow minimal, and in the provinces millions, the amount of the former being - 119,177,391k , and of the latter 27,869,974 fr. The whole amount of the metallic re serve is now 591 millions, to 559 militate of notes in circulation. At the Bourn the Five per Cents. fell 80c., and closed at 106.10 ; the Three per Cents. fell 10c., closing at 69.70. Bank of France shares again rose, closing 73 above yesterday's price. Railways were generally lower—Northern fell 10 ; Bordeaux, Orleans, Tours and Nantes, and Lyons, sf. each ; but St. Germain rose 15fr., and Versailles (right bank), I 3ft. ; left bank, 2.50. ITALY. PIEDMONT. The Genoa Gazette, of the lit inst., has a more cir clunstancial account of the affair at Sassari than has yet come to hand. It commenced in a public-house, by a brawl between two chasseurs and some inhabit ants, who, probably getting the worst of it, attracted more of the people and soldiers to the spot, when the fray began in earnest, and caused a great agitation throughout the town. The national were called out, and a company being soon rr a Oi d ed, commenced its march to the place where the disturbance was at its height, when it met with a piquet of cavalry which was turning scorner; this piquet it unaccountably mistook, it would seem, for the mob, and fired upon it, killing the commanding officer and one man. This caused a general collision between the national guard and the troops, in which several lives were lost and many men wounded. The Sardinian steamers Tripoli and Authion left Genoa on the 29th ult., with a reinforcement of 400 infantry and four pieces of artillery for Sassari. Marquis Alberto Ricci, late Sardinian Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court of Berlin, arrived at Turin on the 26th ult. THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY • EVENING, MARCH 6, i Z U.. GERMANY. BERLIN, Ittaco 2. In the second chamber tho Minister of Finance has brought in a bill fur raising the excise duty on beet-root used for the manufacture of sugar. At tint I no duty was levied ; then one and eight-tenths of a penny per cwt. of raw roots were imposed. This duty was doubled in 1830 ; it is now to be raised to bd. and four-tenths, which, reckoning from 14 to 13 owts. of roots to 1 cwt. of raw sugar, makes about 7a. 6d. duty per cwt. of supr ; whereas colonial sugar pays 15s. ; so that the beet-root sugar manu facturers have a bonus or protection to the amount of 7s. 041. per OWL ; and as, in good years, not far abort of a million owt. of beet-root sugar are made in the Zollverein, the loss to the exchequer is two millions and a half of dollars, which the tax-payers of all classes have to make good, all for the " protection " of a certain class of capitalists and the proprietors of rich alluvial lands adapted to the growth of beet. ALGIERS. The Akhbar of Algiers, of the 28th nit., publishes the following from ffougia : We hay., just received the following afflicting amounts from !lonia, and the exactitude of which there is unfortu nately no reason to doubt. The expeditionary column of Gen. Bonnet, after hey i Lig defeated the vain attempts of Bou-Bur ghia, remained in its _position in the very heart of Kabylia, about 2-5 miles from Boughs, whence it was able to observe all that was going on in the country. On the 18th the wea ther began to set in very bad; the rivulets were swollen by the heavy rains ; the communications between the town and the camp were interrupted, end the troops began to be in want of provisions. During the night of the 21st there was a very heavy fall of snow ; in some places it was six feet in depth, and covered the tents of our soldiers. On the 22nd an order was given to strike the camp, and the troops commenced their march towards Bougie. The cold was very severe, and the men, overcome by pri vations and fatigue, bad lost their habitual vigour, and tell (lead along the road. The column was thrown into dis order, and a disaster soon occurred similar to that which was experienced eight years ago by the column of General Leeasseur, in the Bou-Theleb. In the evening of the T2nd some stragglers began to series at Bougie, and the accounts which they gave threw the town into the greatest consternation. Measures were immediately taken to render assistance. Independently of the resources at the command of the military, en appeal was made to the in habitants. Mules, homes, and every means of transport were put in requisition ; many of the inhabitants left the town, provided with torches, in search of our unfortunate soldiers, and every house was open to receive them as they might arrive. Fires were lighted en the streets ; soup and hot wine were preFlllbli for them. What is very remarkable is, that the kabyles never sought to profit b this disaster ; but, on the contrary, wherever they met with straggling soldiers, they assisted and bught them to Bougie, as well as they could do it. The official report will soon make known the loss of thp French column. At first it I was estimated at 300 men at least, but nothing positive is yet .known, as stragglers are constantly arriving at Bought. Several have been placed in the hospital with their limbs frost-bitten. The loss of officers will be small ; the only one known to have perished is M. Laure, an assist ant-surgeon, who fella victim to his courageous devotedness, having been drowned in saving the lives of a captain and two soldiers. Generals Ilosquet and Jamin did not reach Bougie until the night of the 23rd ; they did everything that it was possible to do under such circumstances. General Jansin arrived to-dap at Algiers. This event changes nothing in the situation of the affairs of Kabylia—every army in the world has met with similar accidents, and it is a further proof of the necessity of establishing good roads on all points which out column are obliged to pass over to secure the submission and tranquillity of the country. PERSIA. A letter from Teheran, Of Feb. 21, in the National' Gazette of Berlin, states that the cause of the disgrace of Mirza Taghe Khan, the late Vizir, was his having ventured to point out to the Shah the profligate con duct of his Majesty's mother. The Shah manifested the greatest indignation at the recital of the Vizir, and immediately dismissed him from his high post. The Vizir was afterwards is danger of his life, but his wife, who is the Shah's sister, succeeded in receiv ing a positive assurance that his lite should be spared. The Russian ambassador also interfered, and received an assurance from the Shah to the same effect. Subsequently, however, the Shah, when on a hunting party, allowed himself to be worked on by his mother, and gave orders for the Vizir's death. The executioners, when they arrived, found him in a bath, and experienced from him a desperate re sistance. ACCIDENT TO THE INDIAN MAIL STEAMER. MARSEILLES, MARCH 4. The French steamer Lyeargus,. with the Indian mail, has just arrived hero from a port in Sardinia, where the English mail-boat Ardent was compelled to put in with disabled machinery. PROGRESS OF _ THE LEAGUE SUB- SCRIP I ON. The council of the Anti-Corn Law League arc re ceiving letters of congratulation from all quarters on the step taken on Tuesday, with thanks and offers of support both from old friends and new. The fund progresses steadily, and the names added since the meeting include the following:—Frederick Steiner, of Church, 1,0001.; James Ashton and Son, Hyde, 1,0001. ; George Hadfield, 300/.; James Watts, 6001.; C. 11. and E. Putter, 6001, ; Ild'Connell and Co., 6001, ; Thomas Hoyle and Sens, 6001. ; Langworthy, Brothers, and Co., 6001.; 8. Ileginbottom and Sons, 3001. ; J. lioigkinson, Bolton, ; James Proctor, 2001. ; W. ROM 2001.; Bradshaw and Blacklock, 103/.; Alexa nder Brogden, 1001. ; Holbrook (Make% 601. ; J. henhouse, 601. This makes the total to yesterday nearly 36,0001. IRELAND. DUBLIN, MARCH 5. The new Lord Lieutenant is expected to arrive in Dublin on Wednesday next; and according to the present arrangements a levee will be held on the 18th, and a drawing-room on the 17th, St. Patrick's day. The Duko of Cambridge leaves the Irish Staff on the 18th inst. It is denied that Sir T. N. Redington has any intention to offer himself for the representation of Galway. The liberal electors of Cork will hold a meeting on Monday next, to make a selection from among the numerous candidates of their party, and so prevent a division of the liberal interest. Although there are four or flee liberal candidates, Mr. W. Fagan seems to be decidedly the general favourite. The conservative party, encouraged by the division in the liberal camp, are, it is said, prepared to put forward • Mr. Frewen, an English gentleman, on the protectionist interest. Mr. Scully, it is ex pected, will address the electors as a moderate pro tectionist. The Northern 117sig, on the subject of the repre sentation of the great county of Down, says : The liberal electors of Saintfleld see resolved to give their votes to no man who does not advocate the claims of the tenant, and support the principle set forth in Mr. Craw ford's bill. Mr. Crawford himself, sad Lord Cactlercaith, are the men for whom they are likely to record their votes, should they come forward. We understand that a great meeting of the electors of the district is to be held in the open Square of Saintaeld, on Monday se'naight, when pledges are to be given to the above effect. Tho nomination of candidates at Enniskillen takes place to-morrow, and the polling on Monday next. Mr. Con= still perseveres in his opposition to our new Solicitor-General. Thomas Bernard, En., Castle Bernard, Konnitty, is in the field as a candidate for the representation of King's County. The vagueness of his address does not enable one to form any opinion as to his political principles. The Lunerick Examiner says: We understand that Colonel Vandeleur, of Kilrush, is actively engaged in canvassing the county of Clare. On Sunday last the colonel was in the neighbourhood of Cal laghan's Mills, Broadford, Tull., &c., accompanied by Mr. Butler, of Cmtlecrine and Mr. Walton. We have heard that he canvassed all the Catholic clergy of them districts, and amongst others the ltev. Mr. Quads, P.P. We have not heard as yet that any canvass is proceeding by or oa behalf of any other candidate. TIIE AMAZON FUND now amounts to above 11,0001. It will be kept open for about another month, and it is most probable that it will ultimately reach 12,0001. The final disposal of it will be made on the 10th inst., by the united committees of Southampton and London. About 150 persons have to be assisted or supported by it; amongst them are 70 children and about 40 widows. Most of them have received temporary assistance from the fund. The Southampton committee have resolved—aubject, of course, to the approval of the London committee—to relieve a ,number of the sufferers by giving them their all owance , i n the shape of sums varying from Si. to 2001. each. The widows will be divided into three classes, and will receive 201., 15/., and 121, a year respectively. The children wiU also be divided into three dames, and will be allowed 251., 201.. and 151. each respectively, to place them in schools or to put them to trades. About 30 of the children will be placed in orphan asylums. Seven trustees will bo appointed, of which the Mayor of Southampton will be a permanent one, to receive the income derivable from the fund. and to pay the annuities and allowsnces. They will have power to stop the pay of mothers and guardians when the children are not taken proper care of. The annuities and allow ance* will be increased, if a fortunate investment of the fund will admit of it. Mre. Symons, the widow of the com mander of the Amazon, has declined assistance from the fund. A son of the commander by a former wife has been taken charge of by Captain Engledue, the Southampton superintendent of the l'eninsular and Oriental Company, the committee providing him an °nat. Zig Court. The Queen held a Court and Privy Council at three o'clock yesterday afternoon, at Buckingham Palace. The Bart of Clarendon, K.G., had an audience of her Majesty on resigning hie office of Lord Lieutenant of lehind. Lord Edward Fite'laa Howard had an audience of the Queen, and delivered his Gold Key as Vice-Chamberlain. Lnrd Newport had an audience of her Majesty to kiss hands on being appointed Vice-Chamberlain of her House hold. His lordship received from the Queen his Gold Key and Wand of Office. . The Earl of Beseborough had an audience of her Ma jesty on resigning his o ffi ce of Muter of the Buck Hounds. The Earl of Roselyn had an audience of the Queen to kiu hands on being appointtd Muter of the Buck Hounds. Count Kielounsegge, the Hanoverian Minister, had an audience of the Queen on his return to England, after • temporary_ absence. The Prince di Carini had an audience of her Majesty, and delivered his credentials from the Doke of Parma. Their Excellencies were respectively in troduced by the EOM of Mahnesbury, the Queen's Princi pal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and conducted by Colonel Cornwall, her Majesty 'm Assistant-Muter of the Ceremonies officiating for MajorHeneral lion. Sir E. Cwt, Master of the Ceremonies. Sir Henry Williams Wynn, her Majesty's Envoy Extra ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at Copenhagen, had an audience of the Queen on his return on leave, and receiving the cress of Commander of the Bath. Sir Henry was presented to her Majesty by the Earl of Malmes bury. The Duke of Northumberland had an audience of the Queen. . . The Earl of Lonadale had an audience of her Majesty. Tho Queen held a Privy Council which was attended by Prince Albert; the Earl of Lunsd.de, Lord President; Lord St. Leonard's, Lord Chancellor ; the Marquis of Salisbury, Lord Privy Seal ; the Earl of Derby, First Lord of the Treasury ; the Earl of Malmesbury, Secretary of State for Foreign Affair.; the Right. lion. Benjamin Disraeli, Chan cellor of the Exchequer; the Duke of Northumberland, First Lord of the Admiralty ; the Eight lion. J.W.Henley, President of the Board of Trade; the Earl of Hardwieke, Postmaster-General • Lord John Manners, Chief Com missioner of the Ro yal l Parks, Palaces, and Public Build ings • the Duke of M ontrose, Lord Steward ; the Marquis of ixeter, Lord Chamberlain ; and the Earl of Jersey, Muter of the Horse ; Lord Newport, Vice Chamberlain of the Queen's Household ; and Sir John Trollope, Bart., First Commissioner of the Poor-law Board, were by com mand of the Queen sworn of her Majesty's Most honour able Privy Council, and took their place at the board. .4 new florin was submitted to the Queen in council, and approved of. Her Majesty in council was pleased to appoint George Hammond Whalley, of Plas Madoc, Ituabon, Esq., to be sheriff of Carnarvonshire, in the room of Martha Williams, of l'enamscr, Esq. Tho lion. William Bathurst was the Clerk of the Council in Waiting. After the Privy Council, the Earl of Egliuton, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, had an audience of her Majesty to take leave. The Earl of Derby had an audience of her Majesty. The Queen was attended by the Marquis of Anglesey, Gold Stick in Waiting; Lord Claud Hamilton, Treasurer of the Household ; the Right Hon. Cecil Forester, Comp troller of the Household; Lord Byron, Lord in Waiting; and Major-General Berkeley Drummond, Groom in Waiting. Prince Albert rode out on horseback yesterday morning attended by Colonel Bouverie. Tho Royal Family took their usual exercise yesterday in the grounds of Buckingham Palace. Her Majesty and Prince Albert attended by the Mar chioness of Ely, the Hon. Caroline Cavendish, Lord Byron, Major-General Buckley, and Colonel Bouverie honoured the Lyceum Theatre wills their presence last evening. The Oxford University Commission had a meeting yes terday, at the official residence of the First Lord of the Treasury in Downingetreet. Present—The Bishop of Norwich, the Dean of Carlisle, the Master of Pembroke, the Rev. 11. G. Liddell, J. L. Dampier, Esq., the Her. G. H. S. Johnson, and the Rev. A. P. Stanley (Secretary). Mr. Francis Scott, M.P., had an interview with the Might Hon. J. W. Henley yesterday at the Board of Trade. Despatches were scat yesterday from the Colonial. office to the Governors of the North Ansei icon provinces. Des patches were received from the Governor of Gibraltar yes terday. (From Mat night'. GasrtlKl LORD CLIAMBERLAIN'S OFFICE, MARCH 2.—Ao tiee is hereby given. that her Majesty will hold a drawing room, at St. Palace, on Thursday, the let of April next, at two o'clock, BUCKINGHAM PALACE, NlARcrt ller Maj esty in Council was this day pleased to appoint George Ham mond Whalley, of Plea Madoe, Ituabon, Esq., to be Sheriff of the county of Carnartou, in the room of Martin Williams, of Penanner, Esq. BUCKINGHAM PALACE, MARCIE s.—ller Majesty' la Council was this day ple ased, upon a representation of the Committee of Council on Education, to appoint David Middleton, Esq., Bettor et the Grammar School, Falkirk, and Charles Edward Wilson, Esq. M.A., one of the Cies 'kW Masters of the Glasgow Academy, to be two of her Majesty's Assistant•lnspectors of Schools in Scotland. CROWN -OFFICE, MARCH s.—Members returned to serve in this present Parliament.—For the Borough of Wenlock : The Right Hun. George Cecil Weld Forester, Comptroller of her Majesty's Household.—For the Bo rough of Droitwich Thu Right lion. Sir John Somerset Pskington, of Westwood Park, in the county of Worcester, Baronet, one of her Majesty's Principal Secre taries of State.—For the City :of Chichester: The Right Hon. Henry George Charles Gordon Lennox, commonly called Lard Henry George Charles Gordon Lennox, one of the Commissioners for executing the office of Lord High Treasurer Treasurer of Cheat Britain, and Treasurer of the Exchequer of Ireland. CO11,418.40:I STONED BY VIE LORD LIEUTENANT OP WORCESTERSHIRE.—Iienry Oiler, Oent., to be lieut enant in the Worcestershire Regiment of Militia. COMMISSION SIGNED RE THE LORD LIEUTENANT or MIDDLIISEX.—Sir Thomas George Hesketh, Bart., to be colonel In the 2nd Regiment of the Duke of Lancaster's Own Militia. _ _ COMMISSION SIGNED BY TILE LORD LIEUTENANT OP NOTTINGEAIIBIIIIII.—Henry Eyre, Gent., to be cornet in the Sherwood Rangers. The Duko of Wellington has appointed Lieut.- Colonel Corbet Cotton, unattached, to succeed Lord de Boa as brigade major to the cavalay. CAPE of 000 U Hopi.—A parliamentary return presented to the House of Commons, on the motion of Sir James Graham, of the population of the Cape, including British Kaffnins, gives, as the total number of inhabitants, 285,279, of which two-thirds are coloured people. Amongst the whites, the males are about 5 per cent. more numerous than the females, and amongst the coloured inhabitants there is a preponderance of females to nearly the same extent. The population of Cape Town is estimated at 23,749; that of the province of Victoria at 42,117, of which 712 only arc whites ; and of British Kaffraria, 67,358, of whom about 700 are whites. FATAL RAILWAY ACCIDENT AT KILBURN.—AR accident happened on the London and North Western Railway yesterday morning, about eleven o'clock, close to the new station at Kilburn. Five labourers were at work on the line, between the new station and the coal wharves at Kilburn.bridge. Two trains were coming in opposite directions, and both engines were whistling. In order to avoid one train the men moved from the rails where they were working to the other line, and were caught by the engine of the train going down ; three of the poor fellows were killed oa the spot and the other two badly hurt. CHARGE OF MURDER AGAINST A FARMER.—OR Saturday last the Brecon county magistrates were engaged for several hours in investigating a cdarge preferred against Mr. Thomas Phillips. of l'entrenaboth, in the hamlet of Benny, Brecknockshire, by a discharged servant of his named Hugh Williams. It appeared that upon Williams demanding an arrear of wages due to him about three weeks back, a quarrel ensued, when Williams accused his muter of Mishit/ murdered his illegitimate child by throw ing it alive to a sow, who devoured the infant. Thu report having obtained circulation, Phillips felt anxious to retrieve his character, and caused an attorney in Brecon to demand a retractation of the charge. Instead, however, of doing so, Williams at once denounce. his muter before the magistrates as a murderer, and brought a lad, who with himself was in Phillips's employ, to prove the fact. Mr. Phillips voluntarily appeared before the magistrates and declared his wish to meet the charge at once. Hugh Williams was then sworn, and deposed that in the month of March, 1850, he was in the employ of Phillips. One day, as he was coming up towards the fold, he saw Phil lips. An infant lay on the ground before him, being de voured by a tow. He saw the child in the sow's mouth, and heard it cry. The sow was eating the lower portion of the body. had seen the child at Phillips's be fore. There was a female servant in the house. Had heard people say there was something the matter with her. he previous night she was fainting. There was a boy in the service then, named Thomas AVilliams. The girl's name was Margaret Morgan. Whea the sow was eat ing the child witness attempted to stop her. She ran off, and had devoured it all before ho got up to the sow. Wit ness told Phillips of it then, and he said if he dated to say anything about it he would kill him directly. The witness was cross-examined at some length as to some delusion he had lately laboured under of having been carried away by a ghost many miles across the country, which he gravely ',admitted to have been the fact, much to the surprise of all present.—Thomas Davis was then celled. lie stated that ho was fourteen years of age. Last March twelvemonth he was in the service of Phillips. One day, about dinner time, he saw Phillips bring a little child out of the house on a tilestone, and throw it down before the sow. l'hillips fetched the sow from the cot. Heard the child cry. Hugh Williams came up when the child was half devoured. Margaret Morgan came to the door. Witness was afraid of the sow, and ran away. Told his other and " Peggy of the Post" of it immediately he reached home. His mother's name was Ann Davis. Margaret Morgan was the girl who was looking at the sow eating the child. The witness, who appeared to be au intelligent lad, gave his evidence in a straightforward manner. After heariu the evidence the tang istratia stated their intention of remanding the prisoner for further examination to Saturday nest, when the mother of the boy and other witnesses will be summoned to attend. Heavy bail was tendered for the appearance of Phillips, but refused. THE ELECTIONS. BOLTON AND LEICESTER. The great meeting on Monday night at Leicester has resulted in the following declaration from Sir Joshua Wabailey, by which it will be seen a vacancy at the geutr.d election will occur at Bolton . _______ " 101, Westhourne-terrace, March 4, 1/co2. " My dear Ileywood,—The enclosed, which 1 intend to send to Mr. John Biggs, of Leicester, will sufficiently in. form you of the conclusion at which I have arrived tonne our recent conversation on the subject to which it Matt., I cannot part with you and my other political friends Bolton, without expressing my deep and permanent pried- I tude, the result of the warm support you have given me The numerous ruisurancea I have received of motioned at; tachment, and of that good feeling which has been maintained during our connexion, though should 1 n eater parliament I may owe my seat to another con. stitucncy, I shall not feel the leas interest iu all that concerns the welfare of your 0.111, and slash be happy by any services I may be able to rend er, to show the sense of obligation I shall ever feel for past con fidence and kindness. Believe me, nothing but a pretious, and as it appears to me, paramount claim would have led me to be the cause of our political separation. This event will not, I am sure, disturb the many friendships I have formed in Bolton, and, least of all, that which 1 trust will ever exist between you and, my deur Heywood, Yours sincerely, "JOSHUA WAi,MS Y. " It. Heywood, Esq., Chairman of the Reform Committee of Bolton-le-Moors." 101,Westbourne•terraee, Mare 114,1842. " My dear Sir,—Your respected deputation, Messrs. Harris and Hanson, have placed in my hands your letter of the led instant. It infOrms me that in the prorpectof a speedy flit...lu tion, and the retirement of my esteemed friends, your pnont excellent members, the electors of Leicester, in public meet ing assembled, hove asserted their claim to my services as one of their future representatives. On their be you relpiire my decisiou in reference to their demand. I comply with it, and will be again a candidate for the suffrage. of the electors and the confidence of the non-ele eters of Leict•lor. The resolution necessitates my separatiou from anutvvr constituency—a constituency whose sympathies 1 live hitherto had the happiness to pomeu who would, believe, renew the tram I now hold, and with whom 1 o ver with pain, lessened by a conviction that I have laboured to do my duty. My preference for Leicester is easily explained. You had an antecedent title. By Leicester I was tint placed in the House of Commouto, and the circumstances which suspended our political relations naturally lead me to desire to sit again for your borough as the representative of a self- regenerated, noble, and an indepentlt,t constituency. I will state too principles by wii my conduct for the future, as in the past, a ~i be uniformly governed. In matters of conurncreld polio y I shall he in the widest sense u free trader. In matter, of religious faith and popular education, I shall contend for perfect freedom and absolute equality. In respect to tlou improvemeut of our representative institutions, I sled! the earnest advocate of the scheme of reform enslioolvel the annual motion of Mr. Runic, v, Lich would secure the representation of every class iu the community. To know how I should act upon any subject b-fore the legislature, you have only to refer to these cardinal points in my politi cal creed. Never was the application of these principl,s more urgently demanded than now, and no one will news honestly uphold them than yours, my dear sir, faithfully, io T o John Biggs, Esq., " JOSHUA WALMSLEY. Chairman of the l'ublic Meeting, Leicester." ABINGDON. RETURN OF SIR F. THESICER. The appointment of Sir Frederick Thesiger as Attornertieneral, under the administration of the Lod ef Derby, rendered vacant the seat for this borough, and the learned gentleman yesterday; iresen ted himself for re-election. About a week ago there was sign of opposition from General Caulfeild, who has hitherto unsuccessfully contested its borough, and he would now have gone to ,he poll but OR an arrangement that, in the event of a general election, Sir Frederick The siger will leave the field, so far as he is per. venally concerned, open to the gallant general. The learned Attorney-General took his seat on the host. lags a little beliefs, nine o'clock, awl Alderman BELCHER, in a few complimentary rental's., proposed him as a fit and proper person to represent this borough in parliament. e Alderman HYDE seconded the nomination; and the Mayor having inquired if any elector had any other candi date to propose, and no answer being, given, he Ile dared Sir Frederick Thesiger to be duly elected to serve this borough in parliament. (Cousiderable cheering follower' the decla. ration.) Sir FREDERICK THESIGER raid—This is now the fourth time 1 have had the honour of being returned to be your representative parlineent--twice withoutopposition, and twice after a very severe struggle ; and I must say that, haying hail experience of both modes of eke. tion, I infinitely prefer that which we call in the House of Commons nn unopposed return. (Laughter.) I appear before you, gehtlemea, as the member of a nee government, which has been suddenly and unexpected:l called to assume office. Under the peculiar eireututtanco in which the present administration has been called into power, I feel that they have a right to expect from ti., country a fair and impartial trial. (Hear, hear.) If their present position had been the result of any hostile move mont on their part—if they had, by any party motion, wailed the existence of the late go..erament, it would hese been a declaration to the country that they thought the tie, had arrived when they ought to be entrusted with the ad. ministration of affairs, and might reasonably expect ti receive no quarter from their opponents. But our case is extremely different. I believe the prime minister of the late government, feeling that it was impusailile that the political existence of hie administra. tion could be much longer prolonged; tired of having constantly to support a tottering wall and brake hedge, having determined to take a good opportunity of retiring from the administration, unfortunately did that which men are too apt to do when watching for an Lipp e. tunity, took the first that offered, which happened not to be a good one. Ho retired from the government, and Lord Derby was called upon by his sovereign to undertake the task of forming a new one. In the state of parties, it was impossible for that nobleman to select for his &allows men who were trained to official duties, but ho chose per sons of ability and of character, who, although they were not skilled iu the routine of office, had talent to erquire all that was necessary for the purpose, and a deep feeling of responsibility which was cut upon them in aci eptiag the offices with which they were entrusted. The Crest experi. meat is now to be made of a conservative administratioe; and I confess I do look to the result with soona degree of apprehension. It has been my firm conviction that the tendency of many of the measures of the late government have been to interfere with and to injure the institutions of the country. (No, no.) Many of their measure- have strong democratic tendency—(" hear " and "no ")—arld therefore it is absolutely necessary, in the present state of the country, that there should be a stand made agaiae them encroachments, which I believe were grade• ally making upon the con-titution of this com. try. (Hisses and " Hear, hear," with cheering) Gentlemen, it appears to me that this is a critical perio.L and that the experiment is ono which may perhaps he the last which will ever be made for the safety of our contain country. (Applause.) Surrounded as the new ailiniaistne tion is with the difficulties of its position—(a. voice, "To carry protection,")--an endeavour has been made to isi?give Tate that position by the bitter legacy which the late prime minister has left as the declaration of the grounds upon which his opposition is to bo based. In quilting his ..thee he stated that his determination was to oppose any imposition eta duty upon eoni—(hear, hear)—whether it was to lie hied for the purpose of protection or of revenue—(hear, hear; — and that he was determined to the utmost of his ability to support an extension of the franchise. (Cheers.) Now with respect to the first declaration, upon the 'abject of a duty upon corn, itseems to me that after tits noble deur ration which was made by Lord Derby of his plan of government, and the course which he intended to puree in the ll ouse of Lords, it was quite unnecessary, except a was done for the purpose of re-imposing additional did ' citifies in the way of the new government—l say it war quite unnecessary for any such statement to have hem made on the part of Lord John Russell. (Applause.) Ltd Derby has distinctly stated, whatever his O E 4 opinion may be on the subject of imposing a duty upon corn, that during the present parharee u t he hu not the slightest intention—(A voice, "Because li. no chance")—you are perfectly right (laughter and cheers)—that he has ant the slightest intention of sternal; that question. A gentleman ill the crowd says because tie has no chance; that individual has down his wish= en that observation, because he is perfectly right, for that the very reason which Lord Derby has assigned for not bring ing forward that question in the present parliament. Lem then first take the opinion of the country, and if the country decides against protection, there is an end of the subject alto• gether, it will never afterwards again be discuend. (Chevy.) With regard to the question of the extension of the frame chine, I beg leave to say that I have never coasidered that the Reform Bill of 1812 was a perfect and complete mea sure. (Hear, hear.) I think it was a rash and ineon iterate declaration on the part of Lord John Riyadh that he ever should have stated that to be a final Intel complete measure. (Hear, hear.) It was natural enough that, this was an offspring of his brain, he should be anxious to protect it—to have a kind of parental affection towarls it ; but it seems that was in his younger and earlier dor. He has now become wiser. (Laughter.) He considers that the Reform Bill is capable of amendment. Now I beg de tinctly to have it understorad that neither Lord Derby" 110 any member of Lord Derby's ministry, would Ise desirous of preventing any improvement which might be swage Oil in that Reform Act. (Loud cheers.) If any ono will point out any abuses which have existed, and will sugr"s -i proper remedy, there is no one member , I believe, who would not ho anxious to take t the whole subject into considerstion. Having rela' tended at some length that no abuses hail bs'o I pointed out by Lord John Russell's bill, he proceeded to argue that, by making the payment of 40s. Income tat qualification, the late ministers had manilested en intention of making the income tax perpetual, and, instead of begin : ning at 1601., to begin at GOP. or 70/. The hon. gentleman I then proceeded to eay that it was perfectly clear that the noble lord could never have contemplated that such a rhea . sure as this would receive the sanction of parli anent, amt ; he was apprehensive that it was thrown as a barrier is the way of the new government. Ile would be glad to rev t he I course pursued by the noble lord upon the intended uTte en I of the adherence of the house to free trade. Evil • person who would view the matter calmly and dile': sionately, would think it unfair to endeavour to ern bums the new government in ouch a manner after 'he . candid statement of Lord Derby. Ile then !efo l ` e • to the state of the law courts, and said:—Too are