The Express. — London, England, 1853-08-05 00:00:00

Ifte erpreoo. TO CORKISPON MINTS. w 0.4 Vides of" The Lipeeme," suesdhume l a s aim "Gds. - .ten" publisbed eveey Tuesday sad teadey Mph Is ti n s Ise yasc t,tt;•-e,sents intended fee The Sapeoss," Louisa 'Weida( p.m 55 . 'c at the °dice, le. baseeeloutreet„ b Two *Ahab co du of rablkattes. ?H og ir,„TER, AT LONDON DRIDON. .."116 WO. 21. 41a. 311. -.......m Ness. la. ITS. LONDON, FRIDAY, AUGUST b. WE English were loci ago declared to be essen tially an eating nation—end for proof our neighbours point to those charming facts, our dinners : our birth day dinners and wedding-day dinners, our PITT 1 dinners and Fox. dinners, our Conservative dinners and Reform dinners, Cabinet dinners and parish dinners, almshouse dinners, hospital dinners,' benevolent dinners, presentation-of-testimonial din nem Lord Mayor's dinners, Criminal Court din ners, Speaker's dinners—and illitebail dinners! A tolerable catalogue truly, of which the last is cer tainly once a year the most memarable. It is this feast to which the Ministerial heroes—the tried vic tors in the great fight of St. Stephen's —hurry by a threepenny steamboat to Greenwich, to enjoy. To an English Minister the Whitebait Dinner is a sort of North Star, shining brightly to his mind's eye during the turmoil of debate—a kind of far-off sign and token of a pleasant and possible future: a something in the distance, towards which he must strive, and which, once gained, shall ass..re him at least some he w,: of rest. A race-horse at the winning-poet—a poet in his second edition a soldier gazetted K.C.ll.,—may ppreciate the feelings of the Treasury- Bench-man on his way to cat the annual whitebait. Like a genuine English Minister, he is then about to prose himself safe through the session—by eating upon it. He swallows whitebait in proof that his work is done. He is independent of division lists; he fears no awk ward questions, is innocent of evasive answers, cares nothing for votes. The work is ac camplished, and—he dines. This gustatory seal is about to be set upon the labours of the Session, and though war may threaten and nations be at loggerheads, the whitebait is ordered and the feast shall take place. To those absent, as to those present, this Greenwich fes tivity is marked as a reckoning day. It is the point whence a look back is given to see what has been achieved ; a resting point whence a reckoning-up of the Session may be made. The cal culation this year will not be altogether unsatisfac tory. The long speeches and longer nights have not been altogether fruitless. The session 18.2-3 has had its triumphs as well as its failures. The campaigns of St. Stephen's vary in their re nits. Some display the mere struggles of fac tion, others exhibit the conflict of principles; that now waiting its masticatory ratification will rank as one of financial reform. A Coalition Cabinet was capable of nothing better. It could not deal with broader subjects with success : it has, therefore, done well to labour on the details it was best fitted to grasp. The battle of Reform and the struggle on'Education have been postponed ; the lofty needs of foreign policy have been unmet ; the realities of Romish encroachment have been truckled to—in the Board of Education in Ireland, and on the Charitable Trusts Bill. But on financial, on social, on colo vial subjects, we have had sensible, business-like, and ju:-.icious action. Whilst some of our more Liberal friends have melted away into the silence,—if not the oblivion—of place, ono placeman has stood for ward in a very distinct and unmistakeable way to do good service. His measures have been the financial ones, and he therefore has done the most successful work—almost, indeed, the only work possible in a Cabinet of compromises. The chief of these Minya done, are worth recapitulation, now that the Whitebait Dinner indi cates the season for legislative stock-taking. We have got rid of the tax on cleanliness—the soap duty —long complained of, and very justly complained of as injurious to health, to comfort, and to the deve lopment of a branch of industry in which England may now fairly hope to excel. We have had a par tial clearance of the Tariff calculated,—as far as it goes, —to simplify our trade, and to permit the importation duty free of many useful things heretofore taxed, to the very small profit of our revenue, and the very considerable clogging of our commerce. We have secured a Ministerial admission of the very important principle that all national taxes levied upon the people should he paid at once into the National Ex chequer, without any previous deduction—a rational proceeding, hitherto practically outraged, to the great injury of the national puree. We have Cat a law abolishing the iniquitous exemption from legacy duty long enjoyed by the landowners. Though the bill that establishes the future liability of real property to the imposts borne by personalty may not be quite what it should be—and what it assuredly will be made—yet to pass such a bill at a and thus to abolish practically one of the relics of feudalism, must be ranked as a very great step in the direction of financial improvement; and must be taken also as a proof that a majority even of an unreformed Parliament are wil ling to cars great fiscal inequalities when a Ministry can be found, fair enough and bold enough, to insist upon such justice being done. Then, again, we have secured a legislative recognition of the pein . niple of a modified Income Tax. That impost is now I placed upon a footing which is to insure a diminn. tion of its pressure. We have gabled also a I 'reduction of the tax upon Tea—with a prospect that increased consumption of this necessary of life will secure hereafter a further mitigation of the impost upon it. Publicity has likewise escaped from the etutches of the Inland Revenue officials. The man of business no longer has to answer the tax-man's query, " Have you such a thing as eighteen-pence about you ?" before getting leave to say what he has to sell or to let, or what he wants to buy or to hire. Henceforth our tradesmen and our workmen—our producers and our consumers— may make their mutual wants and desires known through that universal medium, the press, without taxation. The impetus thus given to business—or rather the clog removed from its action—will be far more beneficial than the public have yet a full con ception of. All this—if nothing more has been done—makes up a very satisfactory sum total of financial reform accomplished in one session. And at any rate, on comparison with the doings of the previous Administration, puts utterly is shame the ministerial work of the I)erbyites. We may declare it to be a fair basis for is gyin ! rot7l , YTy speech at the Whitebait Dineen But when the enumeration of its financial results is complete, the good fruits of the session are nearly all told. True, the Cape constitution has been ar ranged, and the Canada Clergy Reserves irritation been thus allayed—both good things done. True, also, that customs and shipping reforms have been advanced somewhat, and pilotage grievances been listened to,—the social nuisances of open City graveyards and ill-regulated City cabs have been dealt with ; and the Parliamen tary absurdity of turning out the reporters dur ing divisions has been abolished. True, moreover, that " long-shore fencibles" are to be got ready to guard the coast—a step towards naval reform, and trait that a bold and well-meant, though unsuccessful attempt, was made to reduce the interest of the National Debt. And true, lastly, that we ought perhaps to accept these things done and things in tended as a good session's work. And so they are, and so they very generally will be admitted to be. But national satisfaction with these sessional results must be modified by the knowledge that they are reforms rather fiscal than national, when national reforms were needed. The Coali tion which has been sufficiently united to obtain the happy passage of such neutral benefits has been too divided in its councils to secure that needful unity and promptitude of action which could have kept Russia honest, and Europe out of the costs and wise , ries of threatened war. TttE Agricultural Meeting at York, like the meeting at Glouceater,of the Royal Agricultural Society, seems _ . to have been one of unusuallnterest. When Farmer GEORGE could not keep alive his pet project, the Board of Agriculture (anxiously as he watched the passage of the annual parliamentary grant), he could not understand the failure ; and he persevered till he was withdrawn from affsirs,when the parliamentary grant dropped, and the institution perished. The KING raw its importance, and he was quite right in persisting in trying to make something of what he knew to be a good idea. The mischief was, that there could in those days be no results that could repay the cost and trouble cf Agricultural Associations. The farming was desperately bad; and the farmers were taught and trained to put their trust in class legislation ra• thee than in the improvement of their art. Mr. SHAW, having the same sense of the need as Farmer GEokoz, but having no power over parliamentary grants, tried the power of the pen, and made out a cue ready for Lord Spann to take in hand. When the Reformed House of commons was fairly at work, and Lord SPENCER could turn to what ho always de- dared to be hie proper occupation, he proposed at the Smithfield Club dinner the foundation of a National Society for the Advancement of Practical Agricul ture. That was at the end of 1837, when the Liver- pool and Manchester Railway, and an awkward one in Scotland of seven miles long, were our only intro duotion to a system which now bears a close relation to most of our social interests. When Lord SPENCER instituted the Agrieultcral Society, some landowners were beginning to apprehend the liberties that the railways would soon be taking with their park walls, their cherished lawns and secluded flower- . - gardens ; but it probably entered nobody's head that the permanent fortunes of the whole agricultu ral body of England would be built up in a consi derable degree by the wide extension of these dreaded railways. Now we begin to see that it will certainly be so. For years we have been experienc ing the effect of railway facilities on the markets, and in reciprocating and uniting the beneths of town and oountry ; and now, these York and Gloucester meet ings present a new aspect of the mighty boon. New districts are opened to the observation of the agri culturists of England, and secluded residents and observant visitors have met to excellent purpose. Small as our island is, there are still many districts to be opened up to agricultural study when there are railways everywhere to convey men, stock, and implements. _ _ A very interesting feature of these meetings is the exhibition of implements. Nothing like it was ever seen before. It has been a sort of dream in many mirds for some years that w, must, in the natural course of things, be destined either to understand, and therefore foresee, the weather better than hitherto, or to mike ourselves less de pendent on it than man has ever been; and now, the time seems really to be approaching. We are not getting to understand the weather better yet—as the lottery of the present baffling season sufficiently puma &bolero are of opinion that the ancients, vibe were led by their superstition about thunder to watch meteorological changes with the closest atten tion, were more weathcrwise than we. An old Augur might beat, in such prescience, not only our MERPUTS, but our philosophers, stationed in their observatories here and there all over the globe. And we do not take readily to the South African practice of keeping rain makers in psy—taking care that they are duly shut up, within four walls, to say their prayers without disturbance. But we have our own ad vantage over both the ancient and modern mumbc jumbo. If we cannot make out when the rain will come, we are learning to predetermine how little damage it shall do. If we cannot cover the sky with clouds at will, like wise Hottentots, we can shed water over the surface of field and meadow, and send fattening showers down upon our tallest fruit trees. We can all be cloud-compeller. and clod-compellers in our own way, if not in Homes's. We can water the earth, in spite of sun and wind ; and we can so comminute and shake up the soil as that it shall drop the surplus rains through it, and be open to the air, and defy the sun to bake it into anything worse than dust. When the summer storm is hurrying up, we can dry our hay and whisk it away in a trice, and leave the bare sward to turn the malice of the rain into a bleep ing. We can strengthen our groiring grain against levelling winds and slanting showers by timely measures with the moil and the sowing; and when we want to reap it, we need not scour the country for reapers, nor sit up at night to watch over the quarrels of Irish and local labourers, nor Niggle about wages. With our submissive automaton reaper, we can cut our crops when and how we please, and be very happy to hear of the Irish from Bathurst or the Mississippi valley. After seeing the show of implements at York and Gloucester, a thoughtful men would be slow to say what desire of the farmer's heart may not be Wiled in time, now that he hu fairly en tered into negotiations with science. Science must' en her part, enter into negotiation with handi craft : agricultural machinery must be made conside rably cheaper ; and then the farmer of the latter half of this century may be as a magician in compa rison with him of the first half—be he Farmer GEORGE himself. Some needs, and very pressing ones, remain. Im prove machinery as we may, we cannot dispense with the labourer. There was a time—there is no occasion to tell how long ago—when the farmers liked dull labourers, who would go the round of their work like horses in a mill. It is no longer so. It io found that the slowness, the prejudice, the dulness of the labourer are most serious obstacles to agricul tural improvement. He cannot read, and does not know of anything new : what be does not know he cannot care about : what he does not care about he cannot believe. In the dreariest part of the rainiest day a bright sunshine breaks over every agricul tural meeting where the members agree, as many did at li:oaceoter, that farm labourers must be better taught and traineti--that is, educated. The mem bers can carry this point if they set their minds upon it. The factory operatives disclose the finest specimens we yet have of an educated working class. This happened through the wisest of the employers setting their minds upon the project of making their poor neighbours men instead of ■aehines. The farmers are now rapidly rising into a position of intelligence, oculence, and steady pros perity, almost corporate, which : 16 3` rival that of our THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, AUGUST 5, 1853. highest order of manufacturers; and the same virtuous desire for the elevation of the clam they employ may be as afectnal in Norfolk and Hereford shirn as in Lancashire; and more so as the national opinion and conscience are daily ripening for such enterprises. _ There are other important matters that the agri culturists of England, and especially the members of the Royal Society, must be so good as to set their minds upan—for their own sakes and other people's. It must have been a painful thought to many of those recently assembled that their Council had refused to afford information, or any aid whatever, to Government, towards organisiva a scheme for obtaining statistical returns of the condi tion of agriculture. The excuse was—dread of future legislation founded upon the information to be thus obtained. I is scarcely credible that the represen tatives or managers appointed by such a body as the agriculturists of England are becoming now—rising daily in intelligence and practical wisdom —should have made such an answer as that to such a request — should have refused ouch a boon as would have placed their fortunes as a body beyond the reach of the worst evils of vicissitude and uncertainty. If those who met at Gloucester believe that they gain anything by theca reunions—any advantages by concert—any guidance by mutual communication —let them consider that the publication of the sta tistics of their occupation and their class would give them those very advantages in•a more extensive manner, more continuously, and in a more reliable form. Till the thing is done the agricultural inte rest must remain half stifled under the incubus of uncertainty, and exposed to the evils of isolation, while every other class in society is cultivi.:ing mu. tual communication, and a contribution of each man's experience for the guidance of all. Moreover, society chooses to have what no class has any right to deny ; and the farmer's experience is precisely that which it is most important for society to have. Our manufacturers must know how much wool and flax we grow—shipbuilders, how much oak—graziers, and butchers, what green crops—and everybody how much grain. It is necessary for the nation to know what food and raw materials the country pro- duces ; and it will be wise for the Agricultural Society to help the nation to that knowledge, as soon and as effectually as possible, by the peculiar means at their command. It is much to be desired, again, that the Society should consider how best to facilitate a junction be tween agriculturists and Boards of Health every where. What is their meat is our poison; and we, speaking for all towns in the name of thegreatest of all, call upon them earnestly to rid us of our poison, and make meat of it, for the universal benefit. On the one hand, we have the shopkeeper or clerk complaining through the newspaper of being cursed with an out fall of sewage in his neighbourhood ; and on the other, we have the market-gardener complaining to the Board of Health of the diversion of a similar outfall, which is found to have been making his for- tare for many a year. This sewer hadilled his pocket through the pleasant medium of the most fragrant mignonette to be found in Covent-garden. We are willing to sell : the farmers are eager to buy. The thing wanted is power in the Boards of Health, or some such agency, to provide the necessary appa ratus fur transmission of the manure—an apparatus which would, no doubt, yield a good rent. There is muzh to be said about this, as the society will find, in proportion as it reflects upon the magnitude of the interests involved. Distributory works are instituted in two towns, and will soon be in ten more. The farmers in the neighbourhood will have something to tell that we should like to hear; and so, most assuredly, will the townsmen. We, for our part, shall henceforth be sharpening our pens for drawing out articles of partnership between our boards if health and the farming interest; and we now, in the name of town and country, invite the aid of the Royal Agricultural Society in arranging the method. Almost any terms would be advantageous to all concerned. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. The Pattie has tho following from /may, of the 20th ult.: _ Information has just been reeeived from St. rettrsburg. that the Russian government, while leaving to the • igning princes of Moldavia and Wallachia their title and their nominal power, has decided that there shall he joined to them a council of government composed of three members appointed by the Czar. All affairs are to be submitted to thus council, whose decisions will be sovereign In dependently of this fact, the country hes just been subjected to • contribution in kind. Several young Boyards having manifested their discontent at the cautions committed by the troops who occupy the country were immediately incorporated in the Russian army, whem they will be compelled to serve for three years. Emphases bare been for several days past taking a plan of the town, of Jassy and Bucharest. which are, it is said, to be fortified in such • manner as to be able to support the Operations of the Damian arty. A letter from Riga states that several Rieman ships, which formed part of the 2od Russian Beet, have been sent to Cronstadt to complete their filing out, which was not finished when they sailed. A letter from Constantinople, of the 21st ult., states that news of tho assembling of a corps of Rus sian troops in the neighbourhood of Brzerouir was fully confirmed, and that that city would be iusested by the Russians in the first fortnight of August. A private telegraphic despatch from Vienna brings the following, dated Constantinople, the 25th tit:— " The ministers of the Porte held a council to-day, and afterwards sent off a courier to Vienna. The public mind is more calm, bat the preparations for defence continue. A portion of the Imperial Guard left for Schumla." The Russian troops in the Principalities suffer very much on their march from the heat, which is very great. The number of the sick is enormous, and private houses have been engaged at Bucharest and Jassy for military hospitals. Letters from Parts report that the Russian ambas sador there continues to express a confident hope of a pacific solution if the crisis. But as M. Hisseleff would be one of the last men to admit that the Czar will recede from his wrongful demands, and is unable to conjecture in what manner the solution will be brought about, it is no wonder that the greater num ber of politicians regard his professions as among the arts which have until lately lulled cabinets and peoples into a deceitful security. The German Journal of Frankfurt, under date of Berlis, 30th ult., says that the events which have recently taken place at Smyrna have determined the Austrian government not only to demand ample re paration from the government of the United States, but to re quire the Ottoman Porte, in addition to the satisfaction it has already given to use all its efforts to procure without delay the extradition of Costa. • The Austrian government is following up the affair with the greatest energy. Letters from St. Petersburg, published in other German papers, state that the Czar, upon bearing of the Smyrna affair, advised the Austrian government to wind it up as soon as possible, and do anything rather than open a door to the interference of the United States in European affairs. The Patric repeats the statement that the Hame -1 dare of Moldavia and Wallachia have been sam mooed to Constantinople, in consequence of their re fusal to pay the ordinary tribute to the Porte, and that the consuls of England and France in the pro vinces have received orders to lower their flags. Accounts from Odessa of the 17th July announce that the Grand Duke Constantine, lately named Grand Admiral of the naval forces of Russia, had just arrived in that city. He was to proceed forth with to Sebastopol to inspect the two naval divisions in the Black Sea. He was accompanied by a con siderable suite of naval officers and by several engi neers, who are about to make hydrographic surveys along the shores of the Crimes. A letter from Vienna states that Nicholas himself has left hie capital for Odessa*, but this appears doubtfuL A letter from St. Petersburg, of the 24th ult., in the Patric, says: " The evening before last the Emperor privet a grand fdte at his palace of the Hermitage. CM this occasion, the ambassadors of France and England, it was remarked, were the object of parti cular attention from hie Majesty." Letters from Jassy and Bucharest to the 14th . and 19th of July give details respecting the ltussisn forces, who are fortifying themselves in a formidable manner in the Principalities. Every day there were arrivals of artillery intended for the works of de fence established in the strongest poietsof the country. The Russians are forming three entrenched camps, which are intended to p rotect all their lines, and which are to be rendered impregnable. The Oriental Company's steamer Bengal, which arrived at Southampton yesterday, reports that the Egyptian squadron, with 10 hired transports, having 10,000 troops of the line on board, weighed from the outer roads on the afternoon of July 21 for Constan tinople. The squadron was thus composed : Baylan, 100 guns, flag ship; Fayvorne, 100 guns; Rasheed, frigate, 60; Sheer Dgehaad, frigate, 60; Biekeriah, frigate, 64; Dgehaad Bekrie, corvette, 20; Dgehaad liken, corvette, 20 ; and a brig, 20. The Cadiz, which left Constantinople on the 19th, Malta on the 24th, and Gibraltar on the 28th ult., thus reports the position of her Majesty's shipe :—At Constantinople ; Her Majesty'. steam ships Retribu tion, Niger, Furious. At Besika Bay : The British and Fiench squadrons. At Malta: Her Majesty's steam ships Modeste, Wasp. At Gibraltar: Her Majesty's steam ship Cruiser. The Union reckons up the following four pending " solutions:" 1. A proposition of the Austrian envoy, accepted, it is said, both by the Czar and the Porte, but rejected, according to the French ministerial journals, by France and England. 2. A proposition made by the representatives of the united powers at Vienna, the contents and the tato of which are alike unknown. 9. A proposition emanating exclusively from the cabinets of France and Engisnd, which continues to be involved in the most complete obscurity. 4.. A proposition from the cabinet of Berlin, submitted to the Porte by Colonel de Wildenbruch, which we never heard spoken of till within the last day or two. FRANCE. FARB, Tu **REIM Y EVENING, Tho hioniteur contains several decrees. The first fixes Sept. 4 for the elections to vacant seats in the Legislative Body. There are no less th an seven vacancies caused by resignations, nominations to the Senate or public func tions, and death. Oneis that in the Vendee, caused by the refusal of M. Bouhier de l'Ecluse to take the oath. The other departments in which elections will take plat* are the Nord, Loirct, Cotes du Nurd, Yonne, Ile-et-Vilaine, and Aveyron. Another decree authorises the execution of the works necessary for the embankment of the left bank of the Seine between Quillebatuf and Laroque. Hy another decree, the Importation of certain descrip tions of iron, steel, exletrees for locomotives and car riages, and oak bark, is authorised from the island of Corsica into France by the customtvhouses of Arles and Bouc ; but the decree declares that cut iron and iron and steel in bars imported into Corsica from foreign countries shall pay the duties fixed in the general tariff on being brought into France. The following reply of the Journal de Rennes to the lame explanations of the provincial government journal, the Auxiliare Breton, in the affair of M. de Falloux, clearly shows that the gendarmes paid him so friendly visit: The story told by the Auxiinere is incorrect from ens end to the other. In the first place it was nut before the a I, nor before the speech of M. de Fallout, that the gendarmes earns to the house of his relative, the Counter de Martel. It was at a quarter past ten in the evening, at an hour when the doors usually open during the dsy were fastened up, that the gendarmes presented themselves, and we know ir'm a certain source that they told the concierge that M. de Fallon: lad " just made a speech." It was not in passing. and as to a private acquaintance, that they spoke to the concierge. She did not know either of them. They came there in the exercise of their public functions they asked tore the Countess de Martel, not knoeriag t hat she was absent. On the next morning, at 9 o'clock, • urgent de rifle went to M. Sore's. and asked the servant who opened the door where M. de Fallon: was, and what route his had taken. We pretended regulation of the gendarmerie, according to which their duty is to report to their chiefs the arrival and depar tare of all important personages. This rule, as acted upon at Rennes, would assimilate a private house to a common inn, and place every person of distinction under a sort of surveillance of the police. But, assuming such a rule to exist in the gendarmerie, how is the visit of the seryent-de silk explainer/ ? How happens it that M. tie Falloux, who travels a great deal in France, was in this fashion before? Instead of venturing upon these , conjectural and inadmissible interpretations of the facts, it would to better for the Aaxiliore to admit, with the entire public, and with M. de Fallon: himself, whose personal impressions are known, that what passed at Rennes on Tuesday evening anti Wednesday morning is an enigma which bee not yet found an lEdipus. • The Union adds to this statement that M. Falloux, hearing of the steps taken by the gendarmes, in stantly wrote to the Prefect of the Ile-et-Vilaine that he was to be found at the house of his father in-law, the Chateau de Caradeuc, and that the prefect sent him no answer. The Order of Advocates at the Cour Imperials of Paris assembled yesterday, to nominate the twenty one members to compose the Council of Discipline, when MM. Paillet, Duvergier, Berryer, Marie, Lionville, Lacan, Bethmont, Plocque, Cheux-d'Est- Ange, Gaudry, Leblond, Desboudeta Desmarest, Landi in, Jules Fevre, Paillard de Villeneuve, Caignet, Thoreau, Benoit-Champy, Rivolet, and Fontaine, were elected. The Moniteur Akerien, of the 30th ult., publishes a general order, appointing General Palmier, com manding the province of Oran, to take the govern ment of the colony during the absence of the go vernor-general, who comes to France on leave of absence. Queen Christina is expected at Havre on Saturday next. Her Majesty has taken apartments at the Frascati Hotel for the bathing season. Countess Orloff, wife of the Minister of Police at Bt. Petersburg, arrived at Rouen yesterday with her suite and carriages, on her way from Dieppe to Patio. _ . _ M. de Risseloff having requited from the French government explanations of the articles of the Con stilutionnel, received for answer that the lioniteur alone expresses the thought of the cabinet. The unfavourable reaction reported yesterday in the public securities continues to-day, and ltentes have experienced a heavy fall. The lest prices were :—F'or cash : Three per Cents., 771. 45c.; Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 1021. 40c. For the ac count : Three per Cents., 771. 550. ; Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 102 f. 30c. Bank Stock, 2,800 f. Northern., 8451. 25c.; Paris and Orleans, 1,137 f. 25c.; Paris and Strubourg, 907 f. 50c.•, Paris and Lyons, 9071. 50c. ; Paris and Rouen, 1,065 f. 60o.; Lyons to the Mediterranean, 7401.; Western of France, 7381.; Rouen and Have., 4901.; Bordeaux and Cette, 8151. 50o• • ITALY . The Turin papers announce the convalescence of Count Cavour, tho Sardinian Premier, who has been laid aside by an attack of cerebral eongestion. It is not long glee we had to make a similar announce ment to the regret of the numberless well-wishers to Italy, wbo see in Count Cavour a statesman emi nently calculated to lead on a promising state in the path of constitutional freedom. BRAZILS. THE OPENING GF _THE LEGISLATIVE CHAMBERS. At Rio de Janeiro, the Chambers met shortly before the departure of the last ; when the result of the recent elections appeared in a majnrity of unusual numerical weight in favour of the government. A small opposition party was of course formed, and in the absence of other topics, one of its orators took up the subject of the Plate and censured the neutrality of the Imperial cabinet between the two parties which divided the Argentine Pro since,. Seahor Paulin, the Foreign Minister, answering these complaints remarked that neutrality was the only legitimate course that Brazil could pursue, inasmuch as the questions which disturbed the Plate belonged exclusively to time domestic concerns with which • foreign government has not the right to meddle; and urged, moreover, thtt non-interference was the true policy of Brazil, heeause any meddling would inevitably terminate In bringing in Brazil the hostility of both parties in the Argentine Confederation. Senhor Paulino haring justified the policy of the government on this point, bred amidst greut applause to the settlement of various hotndary quatiO*l With adjitent states, and announced the satisfactory progress of the delimitation negotiations with New Granada, Equator, and Paraguay, and that treaty bad been concluded with Peru foe the settlement of the navigation of the river Amason. The speech of Scalier Pauline concluded by sho.ring that Snail, whilst in a state of good relations with all Emcpsan powers, was gradually :Nailing preponderance in South America on the most le gitimate and solid of all titles, 'Ls., services done to its neighbours and to civilisation. On the subject of the slave trade, Senhor Rodrigues Torres, President of the Council, addressed the chambers, and answered the criticisms made by the opposition on the repressive system adopted by the government, which has hitherto proved so eminently successful. The debate on the address was both long and eloquent; and as an evi dence of the state of public opinion on the slave trade is Brazil, there was general applause in the Assembly when Senhor Person di Silva exclaimed, " There is not a single Brazilian who opposes the suppression of the slave trade. The continuation of the trade would be the ruin of the country. The cause of its suppression is the most holy of roosts." The address was carried by a majority of 69 agaittst 22. REVENUE OF CANADA. 6, Bryanstone-square, Aug. 4. Mr. Hume presents his compliments to the Editor of the ExpreaB, and sends him an abstract of the revenue and expenditure of Canada in the year 1851, in case the editor should consider it worth pub lishing. ' It is taken from the public accounts of Canada, which Mr. Hume has recently received. Itevenue.-1852. Jan. 31.-By balance by credit of con solidated fund, with arrears, &c., 199,6821. 13s. 41d.; cum. torus, 703,7001. 145.; excise, 20.1801. 135. Bd. ; net terri torial, 19,9611. ss. 10d. ; lighthouse or tonnage duty, 9371. 6.. 103. ; bank imposts, 15,8321. 7s. 7d. ; public works, 65,008/. 19s. 83 ; militia, commissions, Sees, &c., 81. 25.63.; fines, forfeitures, itc., 1,3612 ; casual revenue, 11,1381. 2s. 113.; law fee fund, 4,0521. 12s. 2d. Total currency, 1,012,0661. 181. 60. Expenditure.-1852. Jan. 31.-To interest on the public debt, 223,6611. 14s. 3d. ; expenses of public offices, 62,7781. 6,. 11d. ; permanent charges, 140,5831. 81. 93.; charges under estimate, 1850, 8,770/. le. 4d. ; charges under estimate, 1831, 125,9121. 151. 5d.; sinking fund, 73,0001. Total, 634,6661. 6s. Bd. To balance at credit of the con solid,ted fund, 407.100 i. ,11s. 1044. Total currency, 1,042,0661. 18s. so. DEER TRADE PROTECTION SOCIETY. Yesterday, the annual festival of this society, held in aid of the,, Asylum fur aged and deserving members, took place at the Highbury Barn Tavern, and the attend ance was the fullest known since the commencement of the institution. Upwards of 1,200 members of the brewing and beer.selling trance sat down to dinner, and the ball, which took place in the evening, was equally well attended. Mr. ALAMO, of the Stockwell Brewery, took the chair. AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY'S MEETING AT YORK Wednesday was the first of the two great general show days, when the whole exhibition of implements, cattle, Inlets, sheep, pigs, and poultry, was thrown open. The weather was most propitious, and the concourse of spectators was cons( quently very large. The show of stock was on this occasion a very excellent one on the whole. As regards the cattle, it far surpassed any former exhibition ; and there was probably the best make tine of short-horns ever brought together at one meeting. The bulls were very good, and the heifers also were of a more Wan usually superior character ; indeed it was quite • treat to have an opportunity of witnessing such a display of rare animals. It will be seen that in the class for cows of tiny age, the animal which carried off the first prize at the Royal Agricultural Society's meeting at Gloucester (J. Yorke's, Esq., of Bewerley Hall, Ripon), was defeated on this occasion, but the cow which took the second prise at Gloucester, also had it awarded to her here. The bull and heifer calves were remarkably line animal.; but the cows in milk were comparatively inferior. The competition fur the premiums fur sheep was neither so spirited Bur so gratifying as could have been wished. There were, however, among the collection, some few choice specimens, but these were chiefly confined to the sheep which were successful in competing for the L orivs • we may mention particularly the rams of Mr. Boirtos _ _ Though it is our duty to speak only in measured terms as to the excellence of the sheep, that is not our task in regard to pigs. Here there was not only a very large com petition, but also an equally excellent one in point of qua. lity. The present breed are well adapted to the require ments of the times, a greater amount of meat being pro duced for the same quantity of food than was the cam a few years ago, and this, too, of a much improved quality. Of horses there was an extraordinary show in point of numbers, but there were only few that were specially good in quality. Taken as a whole, the show of horses was deficient in merit; but there were exception', and these did not fail to meet with their reward in the award of premiums. Not the least interesting department of the exhibition was the poultry, especially to the ladies, who evinced a lively concern for the feathered tribe, of which there was& larger show than the society ever had before. There was • magnificent collection of the Cochin Chiea breed, and there were also some good Malay, Dorking, and Spanish birds, while the beautitul plumage of the Polande, and silver pheasants added no little to the attractions of this part of the show- yard. On 'Wednesday evening the council dinner took place in the Guildhall, Lord Hatham in the chair, when there was a spirited discussion, "On the best time and mode of applica tion—different quantities of grain and other hand tillages to green and cereal crops." The show-ground was again open on Thursday, when many thousands of persons were present. The show was extensive and most interesting. The neatmeeting of the society is to be at Ripon. ARRIVAL OF THE BENOAL.—Yeldeally, the Oriental Company's steam-packet Bengal, Capt. - Killed', arrived at Southampton with the heavy portion of the In dian mail, under the charge of Lieut. Wilkinson, R.N., Admiralty agent. Her dates are those of the overl and de spatches, published in the Evens on Saturday last. The Bengal brings 49 passengers. Her cargo consists of 376 packages from Alexandria, 912 from India, and 178 from Malta. ACCIDENT TO THE KING OF SARDINIA.—.-A graphic despatch, dated Turin, Tuesday, announces that King Victor Emmanuel had met with an accident at eta whilst returning from Speszia. The boat which conveyed his Meaty struck on a rock, but happily without injury to the passengen. The King arrived 'slaty on land in ano ther boat. THE HONOURABLE ARTILLERY COHPANY.—WOOL WWII. AUG. 4.—Yesterday the members of the Honour able Artillery Company of Leaden, of which Field Mar shal his Royal Highness Prince Albert, E.G., is colonel, arrived at the Woolwich Marshes for practice, with 9- pounder and 6-pounder guns. One hundred rounds of 6- pounder nand shot were fired at the range of 660 yards, with a strong side wind from the east, or at a right angle to the line of fire. The number of shot put into the target was 25, or 1 to 4. The remaining shots that did not stoke the target were in every instance within • few on the right or left, and some under or over ; bat all would have been considered very good practice. ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY or LONDON. —At the monthly general meeting, held yesterday, at the society'. house, In Hanover-square, Dr. Gray, vice-president, in the chair. Sir Edwin Landseer, R.A., Captain Leff's°, R.E., M.P. ; and Messrs. J. Mutton, Rowland Hill, W. J. Lockwood, W. H. La Serre. H. R. Mark, T. De la Rue, J. N. Tomkine, J. Dixon, and 0. Prevost, were elected Fellows of the Society ; and the Duke of Athol!, Viscount Canterbury, Lord Elcho, Messrs. F. Futvoye, R. Addams, W. W. Cargill, F. B. Goodacre, V. Collin, D. Oldfield, H. 0. Stun, M.P., Dr. Sibson, Dr. Crisp, and Mrs. Brunel, were proposed as candidates for the Fellow. ship. The report of the Council stated that the total num ber of visitors to the gardens during the year bad been 240,738, being an increase over the same, period in 1852 of 53,050 persons. The elections of Fellows and Fellows elect in the present year have been 94 in number, being an increase of 20 over the whole twelve months of 1852. A STIFF STORY.—The Monongahela Republican of Pensylvannia, says that there is yet living near Cooks. town, a slave of General Washington's. He is 124 years of age, and can walk six miles in a day. He is so old that .bis fingers and toes are nearly all white. He belonged to Washington when he owned what'll' now known as Wash ington's bottom, on which Pery opelia now stands. The es tate of Col. Cook was , and still is bound for his living. He is to be taken to the World's Fair for exhibition, if arrange ments can be made. ItArrsomes FILTER.—Public attention is being directed to • peculisr kind of filter patented by Messrs. Ransoms and May of Ipswich. This machine is manufac tured in the patent stone made by the same firm, and which I attracted the notice of chemists in the Great Exhibition of 18-51. This material can be made of any degree of porosity, of complete uniformity of texture .throughout, and can be moulded of any required shape and sire. It consists of the fine particles of :pure sand united together by means of glass, which is first added to the sand in • liquid state, end after the stone hu been moulded is reduced to a solid form by means of heat. The stone thus formed may be of any degree of porosity, dependiog on the fineness of the grit. The filtration of water is thus accomplished easily, by planar a filter made of this atone in any vessel containing the 'aid, and attaching to it a pipe with a tap at the eed (" Anua l,. eating with the outside of the vessel. The ad v antages of this filter consist in its simplicity, the perfect .on of the fil tration, the coolness of the filtered fluid, a',,d the cheapness of . construction combined with's* aflrratas containing • etemical disinfectant ; these filters • eem to possess all the , qualities required by the lovers of pure water. The filter removes all extraneous matter that is held in suspension, and the disinfectant abstracts any foul substance that may be held in solution. The patentees have applied their inven tie& to vessels of all kinds, from a goblet to a drinking cap. 4 1"..AVAL. ADMIRALTY, ArGIVST 4.--Arrolnsirvriz.--11titt- Admiral D. Price, to Pacific. Lieutenants 11.11. Wool mantle, to Arrogant; C. J. Didharn and J. S. Twysclun, to PlaMpe; and P. T. Dalison. to !Volume". Mates E F. Noma, to Queen; and M. I'. Coati 110, to I'lenipo. Mid shipman C. Ilastie , to Tribune. VOSTSMOCTS, AttGUsT - I.—Tito Spithead fleet coati me to reeeive considerably augmentations, four steam ehipelpelag joined it to-day. They ore the Tribune, .10, seretrelleset-trjgate, Correia the lion. S. I'. Carnegie, from Beim= ; the Magioienne, 16, paddle wheal steam fn. fi~laltss.~ Captain Fisher ; the Valorous, 16, steins-frigate, Capt. ; end the Vulture, 6, steam•frighte, Captain Glasse, (rem Plymouth.—The Alban, steant.tinder to the Inomm, at Jamaica, arrived at this port to-day, from the West Ladies. She is ordered to complete with coal, and proceed to the metward.—Tho Commander.in-Chief, Vice-Admit al Sir T. J. Cochrane, K.C.8., returned to this port to-day, arrived at is the Fealty, cutter, which was towed up t o S p i t h ea d b y the Dasher, steam-vessel. The Dasher then p ar t e d com pany, and again proceeded to the Channel lalands.—The Aron,this p s r t tee to at d - v a y e s , s e f Ir,o from a r • t y L i o commending utb,wt he e Bitch, ~urks. SPORTING. BRIGHTON RACES—THrusmr. GRAND STAND I'I.ATE of 100 SOT!, added to a handicap sweepatakes of 1U semi each. Certain winners extra. One mile sad a quarter. Baron Rothschild's Hungerford, by John o'(,aunt, 6 yn, 9st slb (Charlton) 1 Mr. Magannia's Sandhurst, 3 yrs, Cit. 131b...(Oliver) Captaia Barnett's Mayfly, 3 yrs, 5,t 91b....( Well.) The following also rau :—Pharos, Herbert, NVilliani Convulsion, Allington, Mrs. Nutting. The Duke of Richmond declared to win with William Rufus. Betting: 7 to 4 Furst Mayfly, 4 to 1 FIRM Sandhurst. .1 to 1 eget Ilry. Nutting, 6 to 1 agst Ilungerford, 7 to 1 agst Convulsion. At the second attempt • good start was effected; Mayfly led off to lowed by Allington, Mrs. Nut ting, William Rufus and Sandhurst in the order named, Pharos and Ilungerford bringing up the rear. At the die lanes Sandhurst went up and deprie‘d Mayfly of the lead, llungerford MUM% 'tile drew near, and challenging Sand hurst when just below the stand, the set-to ended in MA by a neck; ,a lenith between the second and third, Allinjton woe fourth and Convulsion fifth, William Bulge and nano were the lest two. :;rXli.l:, (Randle:sip) of 5 sows. Liming]) VreTtir.Lt:itif each, with 100 ; winners extra, The new course. Mr. Tilbury's Tomboy by the Nob, 6 yrs . 6,t Sib (Crouch) 1 Mr. Goodwin's Musician, G yrs, Set 21b..(6. Sharp) 0 Duke of Richmond's Antigone, 5 yes, ist 811) (Ashmall) 0 The following also ran :—llirsnta, Lady Isabel, and Cole raine. Betting: 7 to 4 apt Tomboy, 5 to 2 opt Coleraine, 4to 1 apt Muncie°, sto 1 eget Antigone. Tomboy went away with the lead, Musician and Antigeme lying second and third. At the Stand the three closed and a very ex. clam race ensued, Tomboy winning by n short head only, and Musician aid Antigone making • deitti heat fur second tdaos. Lady Isabel was beaten oil several length., and Ilirsuta was last. BRIGHTON Ct r of 100 sovs in specie, added to a Sweep stakes of 10 Dors each; for 3.yr.olds and upwards. l't ties and allowances; optional selling weights. The second hone to receive 201. out of the stake". The Old Course. Mr. Mare's Ariosto by Orlando, S yrs (.5001.). ttet 331 (S. Rogers) I Make of Richmond's Harbinger, 4 yrs (4001 N., Set 810 latuoin) 2 Mr. Armstroog's Sweetnen, 3 yrs (3004), 6.t 71b (Wells) 3 Mr. Owen's Stamford, 5 yrs (3001.), 7at 10Ib (G. E. Sharp) 4 Sir J. V. Shelley's c by Cotherstone — out of Lary Beaks, 3yn (300/.) (Charlton) 5 Betting: Even on Atiosto, 4to 1 apt Harbinger, 4 to 1 art Lucy Bunks colt, 6to 1 agat Sweetness. Artoato took the lead, with Harbinger second, and the others well bid up. At the road Lucy Banks colt dropped off, and win several lengths behind. Harbinger made a vigorous effort to catch Arian°, but was beaten cleverly by a length. A length and a half between second and third. The others cantered in at wide intervals. The winner was claimed. FIRST YEAIt OF THE SECOND BRIWITON BIENNIAL STAKIB of 10 MM. each, with 100 added, for 2.yr-ohk ; colts, hst 71"; fillies, Bst 41b ; certain winners extra. The second horse to receive 60/. out of the stakes. T.Y.C. Thelluson's King Tom by llarkaway, Set 71b (W. Day) I Duke of Bedford's Student, Set 71b . (S. ]tatters) 2 Lord Dorchester's Bracken, tist 71b (A. Day) 3 The following also ran :—St. Spiro, Oxus, The Star of Surrey, and the Empress Catherine. Betting : 2 to 1 on King Tom, S to 1 ogee Student, 7 to". 1 apt Star of Surrey. King Tom, with Empress Catherine second, made play, and these positions were held until they were just within the distance, when the Empress dropped offend the Student took her place. lie immediately went resolutely to work to reach the King, but was eventually beaten very easily by three-quarters of a length. Empress Catherine was fourth, St. Spiro end The Star of Surrey were the next two. Oxus was last throughout. Hornsby weighed for Brutus, but the horse did not arrive in time to start. PAVILION PLATE Or 50 save. Bristol mile. Mr. Delamere's Madame Landeau, by Ihe Libel, 3 yes, Est 71b Count Batthyany's liembletunian, 4 yrs, Est 101 b (C. Bradley) 2 Betting ; 6t04 on Hembletonian. The favourite led to the turn into the straight, where he was joined by Madame Landeau who deprived him of the lead at the Stand and gallopped home an easy winner by two 1r ngths. Only two horses Irving about to start tor the " Pavilion Plate of 100 stns.," originslly advertised for this der. the rase became void, the condition being that three horses should start or the public money would not be given. In order, however, to produce a race Mr. Boiling determined taints half the mone and the result was as above stated. Boss= PLATE of o 0 cove., added to a sweepstakes of 5 sou. each, for 2-yr-olds and upwards ; penalties and allow ance optional selling weights. Half a mile. Lord A. G. Lcunox's Nightshade, by Irish Bird catcher, 3 yrs (401.), set Ilb (Charlton) 1 Mr. Jordan's Jessamine, 2 :yrs (2001 ), 6a 41b (Wel's) 2 Mr. Magennia's Janina, 4yn (401.), ist llb ((liver) 3 The following also ran;—Cable, Himalaya, Young Ceci lia, Woodyeatee, Dear Me, (Menus, b e by 'I ouchstone out of Epilogue. Flounce, Shipwreck, Lady Isabel, The Siege, Gleams, AIWA, Sabra RAILWAY SIGNALS. TO THE EDITOR UV TIIIIEXPELS9. Sl2.—The attention of the railway world has for some time past been engrossed in devising a plan whereby re may have some means during the progress of ha in case of emergency, to signalise the guard or engine driver, but amongst all I have not seen suggested the simple and not expensive contrivance I beg to submit, iris., that on the roof of every carriage a small water-tight box (similar in appearance to the covering for lamps) should be geed, and an &Uvula placed therein, and from each com partment a small wire, a ith a ring or pull attached, com municating with the alarum, so that any passenger, by palling the wire, may start the alarm, the noise el which would be sufficient to alarm the guard and engine driver; sad even should the train be of such a length, that b chance it should not reach the ears of those .fficials, the occupants of the adjoining carriage would doubtless wand their alarum, and the alarm se continued throughout the train, it would amount to an impossibility, except incases of wilful deafness in the officials, for them not to hear the noise. Such a contrivance would not cause the slightest inconvenience, and in my humble opinion be the desideratum so long wished for. I am, sir, your obedient servant, A COUNTRYMAN. July 26. DANGER Or ADVERTISING ON TILE CURRENT Colll.—Yesterday a government bill was printed to prevent the defaeteg of the current coin of the realm. It is declared that a practice has arisen of defacing the coin of the realm by stamping the tams for advertising purposes and it is expedient to make provision for preventing the coin from b so defaced. Any person defacing the coin by atump lag senses or words, is to be guilty in England and ireland of a misdemeanor, and in Scotland of a crime or dtlence, and being convicted, to be liable to fine or imprisonment, or fine and imprisonment at the discretion of the court. A tender of coin so defaced is not a legal tinder, and any per son tendering or uttering such defaced coin, on conviction before two justices, shall be liable to • fine not exceetlinA 'Os. _ _ ---- SERIOUS STRIKE AT MANCHESTER. Yesterday morning the spinners of Meson. Kelly and Gilmour, to the umber of about 150, struck work. Their cesputi•Jn of labour will necessitate the stopper.) of 500 to 600 other operatives employed in the same concern. Their wages were lately advanced 13 per cent., which w , ..s their own demand. EAST LANCAsIIIRE RAIILWAY.—The report to be presented at the meeting on the 100., inst. says: "'r ho mount applicable to dividend, after d!".ucting tined charges, is 32,3461. 2s. 9d., which, with the ai•,, of KU. 7s. 3,1. With drawn from the rcaerved fund, Wirt enable the proprietors to declare a divi.dend, at the rate of 3 per cent. per annum, on 2,221,3001., being the amou'at of the ordinary stock of the ompary ; and the directors recommend the declaration el • &Attend accordingly. 1 1 4.'../NSTER LOCOMOTIVE AND TRAIN.—Thc Ontario, • 1,1 ; wheel engine, with sir drivers, 4 feet 6 inches in din "...ter, wheigbing 68,200 pounds, reoently crew on the Delaware, Lackawana and Western Railroad, a train of 100 four wheeled loaded coal care, the gross weight of which gig s 796 tons, up a grade of 21 feet i A n rya. t fli_ b e e tesrit m et il tneet e, a 4 t :a t ptolz he 7 rato t: of 6 miles an hour. Another 100 loaded ears were sub.e gamily added, making a train of over halt a mile long, and weighing 1,636 tons.—Nete York Couti,r. CHESTER AND 1101.1 2 ' s n itm. E. li t aL D .m .RA T. ILWAY.—Tra ffi c for the week ending July 31, 18.53 : 6.4211. 13s. 4,1. ''',. u . respon 434clo4 :n aK6d g w A. : ee pt k otaß i 94 7 2 27 : 4 51 ,. N 192/. 3s. 101 Increase, 2,2..";. 9.. or for the week ending 30th of July, 1W :0.11 Pane* ao., 1911. 91. od. ; inerchandifir, giat e V ve I week last year—Paseengere, parcel s & isire h ma dia, cattle, Ste., 201. lls. itl , 17s. 61 • i .64 741. 4 '.?—: ..., V • 1 '-' f ...i rl' .