The Express. — London, England, 1853-10-22 00:00:00

sely beset. There were several heavy des in the wk , i8 "7,4 1 , one, fell eta miles in sorb, passed at the rate of "12 41;°t. e verything isupeoing its progress, and .„„,. Ls ,; Fortunatel e there was but young pea - t e s o pposite We, which yielded to the pressure; hod it *theme's occurred the vessel must inevitably have ,„; e.undt r. la the afternoon secured to a moderate et P..", drawing 8 fathoms, which appeared to effer a & it to,e, awl from which we Stewards parted; etc es. era us to our furthest N.E. po itioa. lat. 73.7 N., iit,lo W., beck round the Princess Kryal I.lsuds. p ee v e .! the largest 'whin :AO yards to let. 72.49 N., long. tie W retuning song the coast of Prince Albert'. Ler& and lineliy fre.C.ng in at lat. 72.50 N., long. 117,66 • o pen the 39th of September, during which eircumnavi g,,,os se received many severe nip', and were frequently e thee to the shore, from which our deep friend kept a , cif To avoid eeparAteou we had secured with two aides (gee thaws), two 6 and two 5-inch hawsers. • ,• ~,,,,opmed position rendered every pr. caution mem soy we cot upon deck • 12 months provision., with tents, seam clothing, ace., and issued to each person a pair et carpet hoots arid blanket beg, that in the • ncy making, it imperative to quit the Treed! we ci g ht not be so destitute. The Bth of October our per r:. sous terminated with • nip that lifted the vessel a foot, seal heel. d her 4 degrees to port, in consequence of* large t , hate. getting beneath her, in which poestion we quietly r..= , lied. A., however, there was a probability of t 'nag tl.!. an upon the ice, it was requisite that a smooth ~e should be made to receive the nail, • ii was accomplished with much facility by flettog the hammocks along the edge of tke tic for about 160 yards, and 20 in breadth. This dose, and ~,ry indication of the pick being now thoroughly cot/rated, with a temperature of 7 minus, we completed ', wi sing over, and other arrangements for our winter quar ters. As the weather upon the 10th was calm lied fine, and the ice quiet, at 8.30 cm. left the ship, accr mpahied by Lieut. Cersewell, Dr. Armstrong, and Mr. Miertsclaing, with a party of seamen, carrying a pole, dtc., to plant upon the shores of Prince Albert's Land, which we proceeded to take peosereion of in the name of her molt gracious .jeaty. This accompli-hed, we walked to the highest hill ob.ereable at the distance of five miles, to an elevation of 1,500 feet, which gave an extended view is every direction. '1 he country was very Lilly, with deep ravines and large Isles This appears the general character of the land on Imth shores. The course of the water Collards the N.B. we were t.oliolll to trace, hoping to see an opening into harrow's Strait. In this we were disappointed, from the n.+ry low points Mt ing, rendering it impossible to s e:tit...it the Lind from theses, both teing frosen. On our return we had the mortification to bud that the lend and see ice had separated about 100 yards along the whole line of coast. We walked by its margin for some miles, hoping to meet with • loose piece of ice ti terry us across ; but night closing rapidly, suljeeted as to so many falls, owing the inequalities of our road not being distiognisheble, we errs' comeiled to halt, anti commence firing to attract attention, but our distance from the ship was too far to render our signals of any utility. At 8.30 p.m., Mr. Court, with out of the many parties that were searching the ice is a:: threctione, fortunately saw our flashing and made fur it; to.t, umuspecting our &demise was created by open water, had no host ; immediately osereiete, he met with • party which bed two of Helkett's. These were 0002 launched, only getting through the pancake ice, which was by this Hine as inch thick, was attended with great difficulty. The se.. ice also rapidly mining to the northward, the boats after escb tacit bad to be carried south before being launched, so as to imam their reaching the only spot from which the ray to be relieved could embark. This,operation coos emceed at 10.30 p.m., and by midnight we were all over, and reached the .hip at 2.39 •.m., all parties meeticg with heavy fats, but receiving no accideat of consequence. I cannot refrain from noticiag the excellency of Ilalkett's boats, or speak in too high terms of the ingenuity of their inventor. These admirable little articles were mileted em breed, sad with the greatest facility carried ups • mamm's shoulders over ice which, from its exceed,* illeragiaeles etberiboat could by any possibility bare IN. ris espies without being sniashd. By their means ahoy ray Mae a:weed, who were without tents clothing, feel , amielms. or to any way provided to withsta nd the severities an pltr ate.t, with the thermometer 8 degrees 'aims. Tee mos. queues' to them might have been veep serious; •as it wee, however, the sane:Mien of Prince Albert's Land to the British crows was wandered to have terminated so fa ererebly, that I directed as extra supper and allowases et grog to be issued to my energetic crew as • reward for their eight hours rigorous exertions. Sting dissansded with the view obtained from Prime Albert's Lead respecting the eaten we were now in as to their CIAMPIiOII with Banow's &mite, which would settle the gaieties of • serth-west pemage, I determined to pa ced is that direction with • travelling party, although rather late is the seam, as soon as I felt that the vessel might be safely quitted, which I judged would occur after the Imolai spring tides, if at that period there was no cam moon snag the ice. Accordingly, upon the 21st, every thing beiag favourable, I stetted with Mr. Court, seemed muter, sad the following men—Robert Calder, ciptata of the 'arcade ; Robert Tiffany, captain of the 'maintop; Michael Flinn, quartermaster; George Brows, A. 8.; ▪ Tuesson, captain of the foretop; and James Sans dots, private, Royal Marines. The ice, for two miles from the ship, was so rough that Lieutenant Haswell, and the whole of the ship's company, teem occupied is carrying the sledge sad different articles of lading. At 8 cm. thesledge was finally packed, when, with the fati party in charge of Mr. We memo (mate), acc accompanied gue d by Dr. Armstrong, a. an amateur, we set off to the north-east; at noon, the fatigue party, having taken as eight mile*, were directed to return. Soda alter quitting us we got among very difficult ice. The sledge was broken, but, quickly fishing it, pro ceeded. Calm tuastely, sanely ea hour had elapsed, when in crossing • floe, the inequalities of which were impercep tible, it came down with such • crash that it broke into pieces. Ibis was unlucky, but, pitching our tent, Mr. Court sad Peter Thomson (captain of the foretop) s tarted for the skip, when they arrived at 7.30 p.m., and rejoined the neat day at 2 p.m. with • fresh and larger sledge mad • fatigue party, with Mr. Wyasiatt to carry the_demaged sae beck. (This party, epos my return, I found did sot get on board until the following dab bil igne st•lert bl heavy stow drift, bat having a Mat sad pro net safer.) As soot as the new sowieve were refreshed, the sledge was packed, sad by 3 p.m. were again off, COntiatting our tours*, without soy further disaster, until 3 45 p.m. of the 26A, when we had the extreme tgothisition of pita ieg our test upon the shores of Barrow's Straits, in lat. 73.31 M., long. 114.39 W. (chronometer), biog. 114.14 W. lune; nearly on the line, as represented in the charts, where Sir Edward Parry has very correctly marked the loom of the land. Upoa the following morning, before el-arise, Mr. Court and myself ascended • small hill about ei/0 ft in height, so that we could onaniand an extensive view of 40 or 60 miles. The extreme point of Prince Albert's Lend bete lat. 78 E. true, about 36 miles,;the farthest land aertb s N N.E., 8 mike. The Melville Island shore could net be discovered, but is that direction the ice appears to be veley heavy, and this floes exceedingly large. While we mein making these observations, the crew were busily= erecting • basin about 15 feet above the water (w been named Prima of Wales's Strait, in honour of his/liege Might's), is Willett a copper cylinder was deposited. The spot is so conspicuous, that any person pasmeg deal die shore must remark it. All being completed by 10 ohm of the 27th we turned for the ship, arriving upon the mersag of the 31st, having in nine days made in a direct line MB wiles by observations, with a temperature between 7 sad ' 15 degrees. From the afternoon of the 30th the weather, which had boon overcast, suddenly brightened, showing the Princess Royal Islands, ditteut about 12 miles. At 3 p.m. I left the sledge, with the intentian of getting early en board, to have everything in readiness for the comfort of the party, anticipating their arrival at 9 p.m. Unfortu nately the weather became again foggy about 6 p.m., fol lowed soon by darkness, constituently my way was speedily let, compelling to weeder about the fioe during the night, with • temperature from 5 to 16 degrees minus, when at 7 the next morning had the mortification to find that I had passed the vessel 4 miles, which I reached by 8.30 cm., and immediately despatched a party to mist Mr. Court, who was at 6 miles distance, having most judiciously en camped about 7 miles from the ship, when the 41 become too dense to travel. I was agreeably surprised to learn from Lieutenant Newell that is the WA • pasty, consistlag of Messrs. Sainsbury. Paine, Miertakiag, and Newton, while sport- Mg cattle,nce Albert's Lead, had encountered • herd of musktwo bulb, • cow, an heifer and a calf, sad meet adroiy shot the whole, whisk yielded 1,2961 6 . of ex cellent nutritious meat ; • supply Missopperease and unex pected may be regarded as • east favourable tersaisation to our swot's operations, in which we have bees nearly enabled to carry out verbatim their lordships' instractioss, in reaching the ece by the Ist of August, and establishing a position war Bank's Land, which service has been per formed nader circumstances over which we eoald exercise but little costal. oar only credit eonaistimg in seising the advantages that an Invisible Power scattered along oar road, through fields of ice, where all henna exertion would have bees equally unavailing as the feebleness of • child to edema tr one yard. The wister—that dreary period of the voyage which I had looked leeward to with much approbe mildly away. theme beteg very little mow or wind, without ear sanitary sestabelag as the slightest degree impaired, for which hspasael sedge these vases—via : 1. The spirits and cheerfulness of the men ; 2. Thee ei every ernes of provisions ; 3. The free Of the fewer deck ; 4. The extreme alleallbm of Dr. Armstrong (upon our monthly aspeetiem) Webs NM of the sew. So that the mesa anima bend us in a most healthy and ellaieat essdleism. Aseneb. urea the 3rd, we ammenad our dada W taking a 30-bee whale-beat to the Bard Meads, where It b my inteatim to leave meeillite maims for all hulk that et the sop of the be. Amid the vessel Me fortunately get crashed, we map have a Maine, to M back apes, which will amble as to roma Ilse raver with out hazard of starvation; this du beimg nenellealas as well as the transporting another w beiges see of llialketes to the eaters shore, MOM Ea Miss, be the facility of allowing the travellise pedlss elm the coast, shield the kw break up end essay Me MINI away daring their alma ; all arrasseisesle bass sew mite Ise the start of the mes hing parties, and the 'maths: b 6 6 ll6 Mme g very (avowable. wen the 18th of April throe wine Igo .patched eader Lisa. ifiesmsell. O.E. there ; Unit. Cr.... well, N.W. shoes ea Wyssiatt (mate), N.B. ahem with six weals/ prewleless east. At I a.m. May 6.—Mr. Wymaiatt (mate) broken his ehteseester at the &Ism of 126 blithe ship, returned, but all beim* rag audition they were com pleted to 30 days' pwiMsss mai et 6 gm, teem agais as rasa. At the seise th ee. tee boas* mike with tents, It., left the ship—See twee& die ef the Meelle, as 110•• deer had has sees. bidmmeodpl rmigsnawl fear hares shut. This early Whales of ISeeh prevision is • subject of deep congratulative, independent of the very healthy ad exciong occupation of the crew, who are all eager for the sport May 20.—Lieutenant Cromwell retuned in consequence of the bites of two of the mem, having reacted let. 74 16. N ,lang 117 40 W., being absent 31 days; during the poster pan of the time he was subject to strong N. W.w ends, sweeping from the Polar Sea,through Barrow's Strait,which Meting hiss in the face rendered it exceedingly difficult to Walk against, the thermometer being frequently 15 d. below zero; he, however, traced the coast line, which, for about iS miles alums Bank's Land, wee very propiti-us, aver aging tree, 1,000 to 1,400 feet, from which it gradually aped to a point trending to S.W., appareutly the eltirine tithe land is that direction, as it ai ropily turned to south wards. An elevation of a thousand feet, aided by an ex 'pleadingly clear atmosphere, left uo doubt in Lie mind but that the Polar Sea was before his, and that Bank's Land iv a part of Baring's Island. He was anxious to have made a torth.r advance, and encamped during two days, with the hopes that the invalids would recover, but, findin • them getting much worse, he very properly deemed it a dvisable ie reture with all haste to the ship. Before reaching her, however, both bad to be borne upon the sledge, whicsi threw the work upon fsur men; when, getting into heavy snow, the of fi cer had to fall in at the drat ropes • neverthe less, the working party arrived in most excellent health and spirits. On the 21st a large bear was killed. Upon examination of the stomach an extraordinary medley was discovered, consisting of reasins, tobacco, pork, and adhe sive plaster, that I came to the conclusion that the Enter `prise must be near, the animal not having been seen before sear our dirt heap, or were there any traces of him about the ship. I therefore determined to send a party to the S.W., the only direction we had no travellers, to satiety myself upon the subject. Accordingly, at 6 p in., on the 22nd, Lieutenant Creabwell, with his party completed with two fresh hands, was again despatched with provisions until June 10. Upon the 24th the above mystery was satisfactorily solved. Some see in pursuit of a bear about half-a-mile from the ship picked up a preserved meat tin, with articles in it identical with those found in the stomach of the bear killed on the 2 lat ; the foot prints of the animal were likewise abundant on the snow, This evidence was perfectly conclusive as to the locality where bruin had obtained his dainties. This being the anniversary of the birthday of her Most Gracious Ma jesty, a royal salute was tired, and the colours displayed in celebration of the event. 29:h.—Lieutenant liaseell and party returned all in the most perfect health, having traced the rout towards %Vol- ' laston Land to Ist. 70 35 N., lea. 115 W., from which point the day being remarkably clear, he observed the outline of I load to the distance of full 40 miles trending to the S.W., bat having advanced 2.5 days, he considered it prudent ts proceed no further. Two large inlets and a deep bay were examined, besides an archipelago of small islands alocg the northernmost shore of the southernmost inlet, which u high, bold, end stratafied, each inlet trending to the, Z.N.E., from 80 to 90 miles. The whole coast was strewed with driftwood ; and many viatica of Esquimau:, encampments were mat with, but of a very old date. Upon returning he we. moat surprised to find a party, consisting of IS natives, encamped upon the ice a few miles from the N.W. point of the northernmost inlet in quest of seal . , but not understanding each other, no information could be ob tained. They exchanged a few presents, and upon that day week he strived on board, having remained oat his 42days, thereby fulfilling his instructions to the letter. In conse quence of the above, I immediately decided upon proceeding to these people for the pinta of obtaining information that might determine the question relating to the Prince Albert, Wollaston, and Victoria lands, as to their forming part of the American continent, or whether each was an island, therefore, taking Mr. Miertsching (our invaluable interpreter) And twelve days' provisions, at 6 p.m. we started, and early upon June 3, fell in with them about ten miles to the northward of the point where they ' were first met with ; they con /era freely with the interpreter, giving every information we re quired, relative to the trending of the coast, au few as they knew, which was some distance along r• Victoria" fitted t this they did by treeing upon a large sheet of paper whisk I brought for that purpose, continuing a sketch which Mr. Martsching had made Era the ship to their ate, which they immediately comprehended, and as they were very particular in placing the awls of " Lutton" and " Litton' with three smaller on.. net mentioned in the chart, off Wollaston-laud, I am therefore fully persuaded of its correctness, and only regretted that they could not go further (a tracing of which accompanies this narrative). They describe a large land opposite Wollastoa, called " Nunavaksaraluk," this of coons is America, to which they bad never been, as they only trade with the Esquimau: be the 8 E., nor bad they the slightest article of Euroi can manufacture about them; the use and eight of iron was perfectly new, all their implements being copper, their 1 spears and arrows barbed with the same. The copper ore Is ientarkably fine (but not observing any when at the tents, the specimen was given me some time after quitting them) ; unfortunately we lost the opportunity of inquiring where it was procured, but I am inclined to think that it comes from the south-east tribes, in their bartering transac tions, as the few and simple uraaments which they pno goosed were of that metal, and obtained front thence. They are a kind, simple, and purely pastoral tribe, devoid of the lavish propensities which so strongly characterise those ”a the Mackenzie and Colville, where intercourse with eivilised an has demoralised the savage. Upon displaying the presents brought for time, the utmost propriety was observed. Although, doubtless, all men were anxious to pu dgiest' in those treasures, there was not that eagerness to seine which rendered our interchange with the other Esqui maim so troublesome; so far was it from these to do so, that it was with difficulty we could persuade them to accept without our receiving an equivalent, they inquiring of the himpreter, after each article was given them, what we wanted fur it. A piece of scarlet cloth, which I tied round a girl's neck, remained there until we were going away, when she nu up to Mr. Miertsching to ask what she was to give in exchange, end, when assured it was a gift from the chief, she gracefully acknowledged it with a smile. No weapnne were remarked among them, incept for the chase, their whole demeanour bespoke peace. They live near their present locality the whole year, not going any further to the northward, or do th&y believe that there are any others in that direction ; but to the 8,E., along " Victoria ' and Tr Wollaston " sand, the coast is thickly populated. It appears very extraordinary that they do not even poems traditionary legends of their ancestors having been north, where the numerous traces which we meet with upon both sides of the straits, as well as on the large " Princess Royal" island, show that at one period tha whole of this NOS Blast have been densely populated; their language, Mr. Miertsching observes, A identical with that spoken upon the Labrador coast. At half-past 9we left this late resting people and returned to the ship, which we Moat at 7 p.m., of the bth, exceedingly gratified by the mak of ear pleasant excursion, our only misfortune being ainselho Mellott, my coxswain, having both feet Maly frost-sipped. At five tin., of the 7th, Mr. Wynniatt (mate) returned with his party, having been 60 days under the tent. From his exploration of a portion of the south-eastern shores of Barrow's Strait, as far as let, 72.6 N , lung. 107.42 W. (DM.), whence the land was otmerved for about 16 miles trending to the N.E., after immdieg Point Peel, lat. 73.21 N., long. 112.30 Mr., the north-west point of Prince Albert's Lend, he reports it to be in all respects, as to formation, the same as in this vici nity, fur the distance of about 40 miles, when, upon crossing a deep inlet, the land then assumed a north-west aspect, when it became high, precipitous, and m: harren. No drew . . . wood of any description was met with, but the lee lay against its base In heavy and unbroken masses. Furthest° the eastward a lesser one was circumambulated, having in it several smaller islands, with its southern shore formed of stratified cliff, having an elevation of about SOO feet. Upon the 10th, at 7.46 a.m., Lieutenant Creswell and party, baring completed their 19 days, returned from their search towards the B.W. (to let. 71.10 N., lung. 123 4 W.), making in the segregate 60 under the tent, during which be has coasted three sides of Baring's Island, from the north shore of which he looked upon the Polar &a, and upon the south walked 24 mike on it, both presenting the same swaooth surface, which I consider to be attributable to the long prevalence of north-easterly winds at the termination of the navigable seems settirg the heavy ice which we encountered, and saw resting upon the western side cf the island, over to the American and Asiatic shore., which may cause the great difficulty in rounding Point Barrow late in the season. Unfortunately, the weather became overcast, which limited his view to the northward, only allowing him to observe that the toast was high and bold. Upon this excursion he met with four partitions of the ice, varying in breadth from 10 to 20 feet, apparently ' runnisCacroes the strait; but, being provided with one of Halkett's valuable little boats, this obstacle, which would otherwise have caused a detour of many miles, was easily overcome. It Is impossible to recommend these boats too highly upon a service of this description, where every article of weight is objectionable. Their whole fitting is but 251 b. When not required they form a platform on the sledge to stow the baggage , cad when in use they are carried inflated upon th e top. Thus, on two occasions, they have been of essential service, without the smallest inconvenience. Lisa temant Cromwell erected a aim, and deposited a cylinder within It, upon a low beach near Cape Lambton ; be also remarked the of Requiem's encampments upon almost every pert o f onset upon which be pitched his tent for the sight, many of them thickly strewed with the heads of meek oxen, which deans@ no paucity of those animals upon these lands ; indeed, at the present:time, both shores of the strait are covered with wildfowl of every de scription, musk oxen, deer, hares, ptarmigan, god golden plover. This is certainly the most fertile part of the ruler regions, and mast be the breeding place of those animals, which fiad rich pasturage among its *Borba plains and valley, unmolested by the Beitaiminn, the traces of whose remains being overgrown with snow and rotten, have re ference to a time long anterior. This party, with much spirit and zeal, performed their return journey cf upwards I of 160 miles in nine days and a half, under circumstances reflecting much credit upon them, the latene's of the season being uafavourable to so rapid so advance. All being now on bard and in excell.nt health, with the exception of three of the travellers suffering from foot-nip', our ` season's operations may be considered to have terminated fortunately, cad, from the close examination which has been made over avast extent of coast, whine direct distance by observation embraces 800 Riley, to which a third may ! be added for the devious windings of the coast-lice, without observing the slightest vestiges of any spar or other indica tion of civilised man having reached these shorn. I am fully confident that the missing expedition under Sir John Franklin has this direction, as some portion of the immense man of stores, span, or fitments with which 'lons ships were pro- vided mast have been picked up, when driftwood of very inconsiderable dimensions did net escape observation. (A chart, showing the extent of discovery and coarse of each searching -party, amompanies this letter.) am also of opinion that Prince Albert's Land is part of the continent of America, and that Point Pool ft its north west extremity, sad that the land thence is continuous to Caps Walker; the peculiar formation of its shores, from Ike very deep inlets which run into the interior, give the apposuraaos of straits which in reality do not exist, as was appareatly the ease between Victoria sad Wool's,- ton Lamle and which is very probably the same between Cape Walker and North Somerset. My opinion is strengthened by the Esquiroant upon this coast speaking the same language as those of Hudson's Straits, which Mr. Miertsehiag, the inter preter, thoroughly understands, and conversed fluently with them, while with those of the Colville and Cape Bathurst he found it sometimes difficult to do so. Conse quently, I think it very probable that the forefathers of these have crossed from Hudson's Straits, and kept the coast-line of Vicoria and Wollastou Land, and have thus ' retained the purity of their leogusge, which those upon the north coast of America have lust, oy constant intercourse with the Indians. I certainly should have considered it my duty to s eadeavour to decide this point by detaching a boat through the Dolphin and tniuo Straits, but 1 feel as stared that service has been accomplished by Dr. Rae last year, as he evidently was cot in this direction. Dories/ the absence of the searching parties the refitting of . the ship was carried en, under the direction of Messrs. Ssinsbur) (mate) end Court (second mate), so that upon their return little remained but to get the boats from the eastern shore, and the tents and appurtenancc 6, which the shooting parties had upon each side of the Strait on board, the weather being unfavourable, and the state of the ice be coming too precarious to allow of any persons being so tar distant from the ship. This being t fleeted, as also the re pairing and painting of a boat which is to be left with the provisions at the large Princess Royal Island, completed upon the 13th, we had the satisfaction of having every one on board, with the vessel thoroughly refitted, caulked, piloted, and watered, and is every respect as efficient for the service we have to perform as toe day we quitted Ply mouth, with a trifling sick list, principally from the effects of fruit-nips and foot soreness from the travelling. We now await with no little anziety the disruption of these mighty messes of ice by which we are encircled, and the consequences depending upon that event, which cannot be coutemplatsel without deep apprehension. TIIE PROPOSED MONUMENT TO THE LATE LIEUT. BELLOT. - 11. - THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 22, 1853. TO THE EDITOR OP THE EXPRESS. SlB,—The intelligence of the death of Lieut. Bellot, of the French navy, while engaged in the Arctic expedition, having caused much public sym pathy, I was induced, at the suggestion of many naval and other f:iends, to address the Baron Duces, the French Minister of Marine, on the sub , ject of the monument proposed to be erected to the memory of his gallant countryman, and have received the toLlowing reply : I am, Sir, your obedient servant, H. ROBERTSON. 3, St. Michael's•alley, Cornbill, Oct. 21, 1833. Compiagne, Is 10 Octobre, 18'4. Monsieur,—Je oomprendsai;ement les rympubies qu'a dis reneontrer au milieu dune grade nation comma M sutra Is projet d'elever us monument Fru:ern, qui a trouvi la mon dans one perineum: enterprise, od 11 await heureux d'apporter son eoneours a de braves it digaes officiers de la Marine Royale d'Angleterre. Jo roils reaurele, au nom de sea trine d'a'mes, de tons dire fait interprets de cello idle qui tend a resserrer encore davantage les liens qui anis:eat nos deux marines comma nos deux nation', et j'aime a vows donner lei l'assurance quo le gonvernenentdc S. M. l'Empeteur facilitera par tons ks mopes en son plink la realisation d'nn you &sentiment bins fait pour honorer I la feu coax qui root rime et celai qui en est l'objet. Le lieutenant de vaisseau Ballot, de si regrettable me moire, etait at a Paris; main as famine reside a Rochefort; &est a es port qu'il emit attache depuis le commencement de is cartiire maritime. C'est done I Rochefort quo me semblerait devoir etre elate le monument dont 'ins m'aves fait l'honneur de m'entratenir. Si d'autres reassigns. meats eons itaieut nicessains, je n'ai pas besoin d'ajontcr, Idecsieut, quo tons me tronveres toujours entiatement die. pose a Tons les fournit, et je saiasis Gatti; occasion de TOILS offrir men sentiments de sincere 'same. Le Minims Seetitaite d'Etat de la Marine et dee Colonies, THEODORE DUCOS. Nogaieur H. Roberto°, 3, St. Miehaers-alley, Cornbill. GREAT MEETING OF PRESTON OPERATIVES. On Thursday morning, about 5,000 of the unem ployed factory operatives of Preston assembled in the Orchard, where they were addressed by Mr. Faßowes, of Preston (who presided), and by a delegate from Stockport. The Ciounxiete said that some parties had sneered at them, and declared they would not be able to pay the turn outs ls. per head this week. Those parties, however, would perhaps be surprised to hear that the committee would be enabled to distribute 6s. per head, as heretofore. Communications had been received from various parts of the country, from which it appeared that an amount equal to their most sanguine anticipations would roll in at the end of this week ; for instance, Blackburn had promised 4001. or 500/., and Accrington had passed a resolution to increase its contributions from 3d. to Gd. per loom. In the afternoon, an aggregate monster meeting, con vened by the committee of the spinners and selt-setor minden, was held on the Mardi, under the presidency of Mr. John Sargent. Upwards of 10,000 persons were present. The Casin••• having briefly opened the proceedings, introduced Mr. OALLAIIiI, who gave a history of the present agi tation. About the 13th of July the operative eotton-spinnen and self-actor miuders of Preston issued a memorial to each manufacturer, soliciting an advance of ten per cent. _ . That 11121110flai wai treated with silent contempt.' Subse quently a second memorial was addressed to the employee% all of whom, with the exception of four, then consented le give the required advance. Those hands who did not ses. calve the ten per cent. were authorised toy give a lapel notice to leave work ; and whilst that notice was heap served, the associated masters convened a meeting e. tin 15th September, wren they resolved to don their milk is a month from that date, " unless those on strike were per pared to resume vr..rk." The resalt was, that the melts wereclosed, and from 20,0iAl to 24 , 000 hands thrown ma of employment. All their endeavour to settle the e.ispiase having faded, what were they to dot (Voice "Be hard." —Cheer.) The speaker concluded by recommending pease, seder, and frugality. Mr. J. 'IONLINSON moved the first resolution—" Time our request for an advance of 10 per cent. is an equitable and just cwt.': He said the operatives were always n ipi s ai to share with them. masters the lose consequent upon a a." pension in trade, and under these circumstances be thong!. they were fairly entitled to participate in the general prow. peaty. (Cheers.) Mr. J. Moxx briefly seconded the resolution, and it was carried unanimously, as also were those which kap lowed. Mr. J. Gains proposed the second resolution—" That this meeting views - with deep regret the determination the masters have come to of closing their mills, and that the said meeting is of opinion that such a proceeding, whilst prejudicial to the masters themselves, is attended with fibs grossest injustice to their workpeople, and to the com munity at large." He observed that many would i'oubt- Isse hel the effects of this lock-out very severely, but he toped Wet rather thin gin in they would be content with ilia maul a day. Mr. T. BILADIAT seconded the resolution. Mr. M. JOLLT was intrusted with the third 'mistime, labia was as follows: "That we, the operative wean "keen and self-acting minders of Presto., an resolved to stead firm for an advance of 10 per nat. at then mills where the 10 per cent. has not been given, sad to persist to a perfect adhesion to our stain, by supporting and sub. wribiog to its funds with ell our might end main." After urging upon his hearers the importance of resisting the wasters in their rows to crush the *aim, the speaker seated that the self-acting minders of Preston received car third less wageeehen they did in Oldham. la Preston, this Mime operatives wsivess received, some as low as Is,, end New as high as ;les. se 175.; but in Oldham, they unwed on en average pee week. (Surprise.) Mr. LANlaler 11•11.11111•11$110 resolution. Mr. E. BWINOLIMUSIST said they were now all enstarkell in one vessel on a tempestuous see, and what they had 10 dr was to gourd against the rocks end quieksands. ?bit seaduct hitherto had gained them the favour and apnear tint of every good and honest man, and public opinion was setting in every hour against the tyrants who had closed their mills; for was a greater piece of injustice done to a body of working men than had been consummated in Preston. Many of them had been working quietly sod peaceably tinder their 10 per cent , and no reason had beta I assigned why the Mills were closed, and the operatives debarred from enjoying that peace and happiness which I they were so justly entitled to. Wages were not now the question with the manufacturers of Preston. They were determined to break up the combi nation of operatives—to split them Into sections, and crush them. That object, however, they would never accomplish if the operatives were only true to them ! salves. Let them be firmly united, and be had no for for the result. In Blackburn, Darwen, Stockport, and other towns he had visited, they were resolved rather than give up the ten per cent. they were now enjoying, to lose their lives. Their masters told them they could not continue to give the ! advance unless the Preston masters conceded a similar ad ! vane. The Preston manufacturers must be beaten, sad he was sure they would be beattn ; they would get such a thrashing as they had got in their lives. (Cheers.) Referring to the project for co-operative self-employment, the speaker stated that such was the countenance it had received that they should soon be in a position to set about building factories of their own. (Loud cheers ) Thanks having been voted to the chairman, the meeting terminated " with three cheers for the union and the ten per cent"— Northern Daily Times. HtNGARY.--Letters received by Hungarian officers in Paris totate that a free corps of Hungarians is in arm, sad earryiug on a guerilla warfare in the Carpathian moun tains. II t Court. WINDSOR, OCT. 21. There was no addition to the royal dinner party yesterday. The Queen and Prince drove out in an open carriage. Colonel the Hon. Charles Grey and Livut.-Colonel Hon. R. Boyle were in attendance on horseback. Lord de Tablet', Lord in Waiting to the Queen, and Lieut:Colonel Francis S.ymour, Groom in Waiting to Prince Albtrt, left Windsor Castle yesterday for Dover to meet his Majesty King Leopold an d the .Itoyel Family of Belgium, who are expected to arrive from Launch and who are expected at Windsor Castle this afternoon. The state apartments of Windsor Castle will be closed on and after Monday the 24th of October until futtber orders. A deputation from inhabitants of Merton, Surrey, and its neighbourhood hail an interview yesterd.y with the Gene ral Board of Health, at their offices, Whitehall. The depu tation consisted of the Rev. W. Edelman, Perpetual Curate of Merton James Page, Esq., Churchwarden , Capt. James Bitter, and J. L. Bennett, Esq Senor Isturis, the Spanish Minister, traLsacted business at the Fortign-office yesterday. Despatches were received at :he Colonial-eflice yesterday from toe G.weraors of Hong mg, Ceylon, the Mauritius, Malta, and Gibraltar. DEPARTURE OF TUE GRAND DUCIIESS MARIE OF RUSSIA.—This lady, the eldest daughter of the Can, tra velled from Torquay to Reading and themes to Dover by Reigate, preparatory to embarkation this morning for the continent. her Idejesty's steam packet Vivid, to under orders to convey her imperial higl ness and ',tally to Ostend ; and, if the weather prove at all favourable, % is expected the Grand %when will ambatk in the course of to-day. The General Commandiug-in-Chief will hold • levee at one o'clock on Timday 'wit, the 25th inat., at the Ilona Guards. The Military Secretary will not hold a levee on Tuesday. RunzaT DE BURGH, Esq., commandant of the Uxbridge Yeomanry Cavalry, and nearly allied to the Earl of Cardigan, has been appointed by the Emperor of the French, Honorary Chamberlain to his Majesty.— British Army Despatch. ARRIVAL OF THE BELGIAN ROYAL FAMILY. The King of the Belgians, acoompacied by the Duke and Duchess de Brabant and the Count de Flandrer, and attended by a numerous suite, arrived at Dover yes terday morning from Ostend, and pared through London to Windsor, on a Tisk to her Majesty and the Prince Consort. The Queen's carriages conveyed the royal travellers from the Bricklayer►' Arms station of the South Eutern Rail road to Paddington. Prince Albert met his ill newtons relatives at the railway station, and the Queen, with the princes and princesses of the royal few ily, was in attendance at the foot of the grand staircase to welcome their arrival at the Castle. Colonel de Illoerkerke and Sit Robert Carsw ell are in at tendance on the King. The Count and Countess Gustave de Lanni are in the suite of the Duke and Duchess do Brabant. Lard de Tabley and Col. Francis Seymour have been ap pointed to be in attendance during the euiluru of the royal party in England. THE PROPOSED REMOVAL OF TEMPLE-BAR. Yesterday a meeting of the inhabitants of Fleet street, Ludgate hill, and the neighbourhood, was held at Anderton's Hotel, for the purpose of adopting • memorial to the corporation in favour of the retention of Temple-bar. Sir J. DUKI, M.P., the alderman of the ward, presided. Among those present were—Lord D. Stuart, Deputies Bedford and ()Shard, Mr. it. B. Seeley, Kr. l'reedy, Mr. Attenborougb, Mr. Thearle (the hen. secretary), Mr. Lies, Mr. Butler, Mr. Ciemow, Mr. Dole more, Mr. Barnard, Mr. Williams, Mr. For, Mr. Dunham, Mr. Pedler, Mr. Quelch. After a few introductory remarks from the Chairmen, Mr. PUEEDY, common councilman, moved a resolution declaring that the meeting viewed with repugnance the pro posal to remove the ancient landmark and barrier between the cities of London end Westminster; and that it regarded the rrineipal reason assigned (or such removal as entirely delusive, believing that the mere removal of Temple-bar, without the adoption of any other improveraents, would conduct to no desirable end whatever. Mr. Nnvreolt seconded the resolution. lie bad Heed, he said, close to the bar for three or four years, and had seldom seen a stoppage, the reason of this being, that when omni buses and other vehicles reached Chancery-lane, only two attempted to proceed togeth.r. (Hear, beer.) If the Bar was pulled down, there would be only abut three feet more breadth, and that would surely be of no benefit as re garded the traffic. The only thing which would afford any real increase of accommodation vv.* the widening of Fleet street from St. Dunstan's Church. Mr. Com denied that Temple-bar was venerable from its antiquity ; it had existed only aboat 130 years. As to the argument that it ought to stand because it wee built by Sir Christopher Wren, that great architect had a sufficient monument in St. Paul's. The question was, whether or not it were an obstruction to the traffic of the metropolis; and if any gentleman would only place himself at the bottom of Chancervlene for half-an-beur ha would need no further proof that it was. (Expreasions of dissent.) He fully admitted that it was desirable that there should still be • landmark between London and Westminster, but it was possible to provide for that by means of a gate, so as at the same time to give an inctease of 8 or 9 feet of roadway. (No, no.) He had gone into the mea surement accurately, having obtained his materials from the office of the City architect. At present there was a clear roadway of 18 ft. 7 ia., and • footway of 5 ft. 7 in. Under • plan which he had prepared there would be • road way of 28 h. 9 in., which would afford sufficient space for a third line of carriages. He then exhibited his plan to the meeting, substituting for the present structure an iron gateway. Mr. SILLIT and Mr. LANOILUI both supported the re solution. . . . . The resolution was carried unanimously. Lord D. STI:AIIT said he had been invited to attend the meeting by the chairman, in the character of a liveryman. (Cheers.) He entirely differed from those who considered Temple.bar en ugly structure—(bear, hear)—and regard ing it, as be did, as an interesting historical monument, be thought nothing bat great practical utility could justify its removal. Mr. PIMA& moved a resolution, declaring that while the meeting would regret to oppose itself to any substantial im provement in the western entrance into the City of Loaders, it mast deprecate any, mere plan of demolition, and en treating the corporation to ask the counsel of the best judges of street architecture, as to how this chief approach to the City might be rendered what it ought to be. The motion, after being seconded by Mr. Wiimems, was agreed to. Oa the motion of Mr. COXFURT, it was resolved that a memorial reciting the foregoing resolutions should be pre pared for presentation to the Common Council. The proceedings terminated with a vote of thanks to the chairman. CHIMER RATE CONTEST AT ROTHERHAM.—The church rate question, which for years has long been a source of strife and ill-feeling amongst the inhabitants of Rotherham, is in a fair way of being finally settled. Being defeated in vestry, the churchwardens demanded a poll, when there were onlyl 502 votes in favour of the rate, whilat there were 1,003 agaloat it. 0 I the result of the poll being officially =nouns, , the leaders of the opposition, disclaim ing all factions motives, offered to raise by voluntary sub scription the sum of 601., being one•half of the estimated cost of ropeiring the church fabric, Angina the bell on the week days, and lighting and attending to the church clock. The offer was accepted, and on Wednesday a communica tion was forwarded by the churchwardens to Mr. O. Hay wood, on behalf of the pro-ratists, stating that, on the sum of 501. being paid into the bank to their account, the parish clock would be put in motion, and the bell sang as usual. In lees than a week after the announcement that the rate was lost, the churchmen set to work in earnest. On Sun day lest it was announced from the pulpit by the vicar, that the sum of 2601. was required for the better warming of the church. On Wednesday morning, 2401. of this sum was subscribed, and many members of the congregation re mained to be wetted upon The subscription is expected to be considerably in emotes of the sum required, and the sur plus will be devoted to other improvements in the interior of the edifice. QUARANTINE ON THE SPANISH COAST.—The fol lowing notice relative to the absurd system of quarantine on the Spanish coast was issued at Gibraltar on the 13th inst. :—" Secretary's-ogles, Gibraltar, Oet. 13.—The Board of Health of this city met this day, in consequence of the receipt of a letter from the Governor of Cadiz, addressed to his Excellency Lieutenant-Oeneral Sir H. Gardiner, relative to the steam-packet Iberia having been refused admittance there, in eunrequanco of the port of Southampton having been reported foul; the board decided there was no founda tion for this report, the Iberia having brought a clean bill of health from Southampton, confirmatory of the port not being even suspected, and later intelligence has been received that good health is still enjoyed there The board do not think it necessary to alter the present quarantine." CHARGE OF EMBEZZLEMENT.—Yesterday morning a respectable looking man, named William Hickman, was charged at the Salford police court with embezzling various sums of money, amounting to 1,0171. The prisoner hae been employed as collector for MOM. E. Joule and Co., brewers, and a list was produced of 73 public and henhouse keepers from whom he had received money, amounting in the aggregate to 1,0171, without accounting for it to his employers. The only can proved was one in which ha had received 41. Se. from the landlord of the Wheatsheaf, on the 13th July, and not pa4l it over. His own receipt was produced. The cam was adjourned, that some of the best of the other charge, might he selected from the long list for prosecution. Tree prisoner declined to give any explanation. It was stated that he had been in receipt of 11. per week and 71 per cent. on the amount collected, as salary, besides which his wife had property that brought them to 1701. per annum. TILE EASTERN QUESTIO.V. DEPUTATION TO THE EARL OF CLARENDON. Yesterday a deputation appointed by the recent Finsbury meeting waited upon the Earl of Clarendon, for the purpose of presentiog to his lordship the addrers which tad been agreed is at that meeting. The deputation was introduced by Mr. Thomas Duseombe, M.P. fur the borough, and consisted cf Mr. R. Moore, Mr. Collet, Mr. Shun, Mr. J. Homey, and several other gentlemen con nected will the borough. The Right Hon. the Lord Mayor had been invited to attend, but his lordship kiting unable from the pressure of public busineu, replied to the invitation in the following letter : " Mansion•house, 21st Oct., 157.3. " Dear Sir,—l am much obliged by your insitvti..ci to attend the deputation to Lord Clarendon on the subject of the Runlets aggression. As my official duties will deprive me of the opportunity of accompanying you, I beg to say that I heartily concur in the strung opinion exureskil by the public of the perfidious demand made upon Turkey by the Czar of Russia, and of th e un t ru thf u l re p resen tations by which it was attem:ited to be supported ; and I Lope you may succeed in impressing upon . . the mind cf the foreign minister that courage awl firmness are as necessary as prudence in the defence of truth and justice. " I am, dear sir, yours faithfully, Moore, Esq." "Taos. CHALLIS. Mr. Dunconsz, in introducing the deputation, said that a meeting having been held of the inhabitants of the borough of Finsbury, for the pur i fose of considering the present position of the Russo-Turkish question, certain resolutions were passed at that meeting condemning the practice of secrecy in diplomacy, not applying particularly to the present administration, but condemning the practice generally as calculated to keep the people of this country in ignorance as regarded their foreign relations. The other resolutions referred to the mi‘understandine at present existing between Russia nod Turkey, and the meeting pledged itself, in terms not to be misunderstood, to give to her Majesty's government every support, morel as well as material, which might bt necessary to resist the encroach ments ,of Russia, and to preserve the integrity of the Ottoman empire. These sentiments were embodied in en adores, which, with his lordship's permission, would be read by Mr. Collet. Mr. Cuaarr then read the address: The Earl of CLAIIINDON—There is one portion of your address in which I am sore you wilt not expect me to con cur, and that is the passage in which it is alleged that the character of this country fur fair dealing has been damaged, and is in danger of being lost. Now, that assertion, in as far as this government is concerned, I am prepared alto gether to deny. You will not expect me at this moment to enter into any details as to the pclicy of the government ; but when the time comes fur so doing, I trust that the people of England wit consider that the government have done their duty, that they have flinched from no obligation, and that the national honour has remained untarnished in their hands. With respect to the other matter to which Mr. Buncombe has alluded—the mysterious veil which is thrown over the diplomacy of this country-1 can assure you that, personally, no one more sin cerely than myself regretted that a sense of pub lic duty alone obliged the government to withhold explanations on this question, which has so bag and so greatly agitated and 'lend the public mind. There is no one who more fully than myself recognises the entire right of the people of this country to be clearly informed of all the acts of the servants of tae Crowe, and minutely to scrutinise those acts when they have come to their know ledge. This has always been the practice as regards domes tic affairs, but in foreign affairs, you will adroit that there is necessarily a different practice. In that case, not only our own affairs, but those of foreign nations are concereeil ; and having had personally a good deal of experience in such matters, not only in this country, but abroad, I can enure you that,diffleult as negotiations sometimes are now, carried on in the ordinary way, they would become abso. lately impossible, if at midi progressive stage they were to be brought before the public, and to be come the subject of public discussion—of open and free discussion, as in the case of our domestic affairs. Therefore it is not from the slightest wish to favour mystery, that the proceedings not only of this, bat of all governments, are withheld from the public while in au incomplete state, but it is from the danger of defeating our own objects, from a sense of what is due to the public interest, that not only this, but all governments, and all parliaments have sanctioned the practice—have declined the production of papers till the negotiations to which they referred had been brought to a conclusion. When the affairs are concluded, them the public have aright, through parliament or otherwise, of having the documents submit ted to them, and of approving or condemning the conduct of the government. Now, with respect to the question more immediately at issue, I have no hesitation in telling you that a peaceful solution of this question has been the object of her Majesty's government. It would be highly criminal if the government sought any other solution. Those who knew what are the calamities of war do not rush lightly into it, and it is our object, if possible, to guard ournives, but more especially Turkey, from these calamities. But, on the other hand, I consider that there is one calamity greater than war, and that is national dishonour, a price at which I can assure you peace will not be preserved by her Majesty's government. (" Hear, hear," and cheers.) As I said at first, I will not enter at any length into the details of the policy we are pursuing, but content myself with say ing that we are so fully alive to the British and European importance of maintaining the Ottoman empire that the deputation may rest enured that there is not the slightest intention on the part of her Majesty's government of abandoning Turkey. (Hear, hear.) Mr. DUNCOSIBE observed that the passage in the address to which his lordship had taken exception referred not par ticularly to the present government but to the general prate tin of British governmenn of late years. The Earl of CLARENDON—I took it as referring to the present government. Mr. Omar said that the address refrained from judging the conduct of the present government. They only expres sed a fear lest the good faith of England might be damaged. They knew it was a moot point throughout Europe, whe ther the ships in Besika Bay had been sent to support the Sultan against Russia or against his own subjects, and what the meeting complained of was that they were not in possession of the real facts of the case, as they felt that such a state of doubt was calculated to damage the character of England. After some further conversation, The deputation withdrew, having first warmly thanked his lordship for the urbanity and attention with whi:h they bad been received. A MILLION FOR SEWERS. TO THI ZDITOR OP TEI =MEM Sta,—Allow me to call your serious attention to the erroneous character of the proposals which have just been made by the Metropolitan Commission of Sewers, involving an expenditure of about 1,000,000/.—i. e., 760,000/. oa the south side and 260,0001. on the north aide, the latter being for a sewer to run from the Hasnpateadponds through Holloway and Hackney to the Lea, and the works on the south side will be equally insilleatious for the removal of offensive matter. Thus, instead of removing the active cause of die. ease—the sewage from stagnant sewers in populated parts, as Westminster, Pimlico, &c., and Lambeth, Southwark, &c.—the commission actually propose to divert the only mitigating agent—the surface water from the higher levels, whereby the refuse is diluted and flushed through the sewers. A million would preserve the Thames from pollution and save the manure, as was proved before a select com mittee during the last session of parliament. But the coin. missioners dream of spending a million without securing either of these benefits! In vain has the city officer of health lamented: "The river still receives the entire sewage of the metropolis"—Dec. 10, 1851, and in vain does the late pastoral letter from the Bishop of London to his clergy lament—" the disgraceful state of :the sewerage in the most crowded parts of the metropolis ars causes which endanger and aggravate disease, and hurry great numbers of our follow-creatures and, aeighbours to an untimely _ grays"—Oct. 8, 1853. The erroneous character of the works proposed by the commission is most lamentable and ought never to be sanctioaed.—l am, sir, your obeditnt Errant, Oct. 21. II• INTRODUCTION OF TIIE SILK MANUFACTURE INTO HIMITORDSHIRE.—It is stated that an enterprising and experienced silk throweter at Derby, is about to establish a branch manufactory at Fownhope, six miles east of Here ford; there being at that place an extensive building at present unappropriated, which, with alterations and addi tions, is well adapted for the purpose. The inducement is, the low rent and value of ground and premises, joined to mo derate wages at the latter place, as compared to the present increasing and overgrown seat of the manufacture (Derby). The premises foam a portion of the brewery, formerly the extensive establishment of the Messrs. Parches. TILE CHOLERA. Moo the General Board of Health, ( ct. 210 METROPOLIS. On the 19th inst., Mr. Hall, of the Poor-law Board, and Dr. Milroy, from the General Board of Health, bad interviews with tl:e guardian', of the poor of Holborn and the East Lo;.don Union, and, on the following day, with the guardians of Poplar and Stepney. In every instance, afar due attention had been called to the rules and regulations issued by the Board of Health under the existing order in council, the guardians adopted the judi:ious step of devolving the duties of sanitary inspectiau upon the parochial medical °dicers, who, from their intimate knowledge of the ordinary sews of epidemic disease and of the local causes of irjary t 3 health within their resretive districts, obvious!y are the most fit persons efficiently to perform this very responsible tank. _ _ _ _ _ The Board of Guardians of Stcpncy expressed loud complaints of the state of the sewerage of their Union. New streets and squares of buildings arc springing up rapidly iu some neighlourhoods with out a single drain or sewer bring prorid. d. From returns forwarded by the 'Metropolitan Com misioners of Police to the General Board of health yesterday (the 21st instant), as prepared by the superintendents of the 1", H, K, L. M, 'f, and Thames divisions, relative to cases of cholera wi!hin twee districts, it appears that there have boen 15 attacks between the 16 and 19th instant, of which 6 proved fatal. Among the number a men seized with cholera in Little Denmark-street, St. Gilts's, died 91 hour* after the attack. Ile was 27 years of age. 'rho re mark in another case is that ‘‘ the drain at the back of this house and others adjoining is open, and the inhabitants complain of its oniel,lng bad at times." SCOTLAND. In the epidemic of ISlt;:tisome of the larger towns of Scotland were the first attacked, among the dense populations of which the disease spread with appalling rapidity, and proved met destructive. In the present visitation there his ns yet ben no similar outbreak. In numerous I..acce, indeed, sporadic cases have occurred; and in seine few, as in Iluuse, Bathgate, and Coldirghatn, the attacks have occurred in groups. Detitl.s hcve idso been recorded from the malignant form cf the disease in Edinburgh, Leith, Glasgow, Dundee, Annandale, Rothbury, and Featherstonehaugh; but in none of :these places has there been any general outbreak, nor, as far as appears, has there been any extensive prevalence of diarrlicea, though some deaths have been produced by the latter disease. It would seem that the dreadful visitation of 1818.9 has in some instances left a salutary impression on the minds of the people. Dr. Lyon Playfair refers particularly to St. Andrews as an examp!e of this. Iu 1819,;cholera broke out in a virulent form in this city. On that occasion Dr. Lyon Plat fair, at the request of the local authorities, superintended the application of the measures then cdopted for pre venting the spread of the epidemic. From a recent personal inspection of the town, and particularly of the old haunts of the pestilence, Dr. Playfair is satisfied that the town, owing in a great measure to the judicious and energetic course taken by its pro vost. is is a much better state for resisting an attack of cholera than it was in 1849, and that were it not for the abominable condition of its apologies fur sewers, in all human probability S:. Andrew's would remain exempt from attack. He states iu a communication that, 't With regard to Edinburgh, Dundee, arid one cc wo other towns, with respect to which I bad dilL et communication with the provost, I found active measures in pro gress; though in the case of some of the smaller towns, where, however, my information was only indirect, it struck me that the operations were sluggish. But what will be the ul•imate advantage of this temporary zeal, unless you rut the townsin a , position to benefit by permanent sanitary works, which, in the present state of the law, they arc not likely to do ?" Numerous applications have beer, received from Scotland, for increased powers for carrying into effect sanitary improvements; and w 'he instance of the Board of Supervision at lidinntrgli, and on con , sultation with the Lord Advocate, supplementary , regulations specially adapted for the Scotch towns have been issued. GATESELEAD.—Death—Cholera, 1. Da. (Ileworth) —Cholera, 1. KlNGsros-urox-lieLL.—Oztobcr 17.—Death— Cholera, 1. NEWCASTLE.—October 20.—D,aths—Cholera, 2; diarrhcca, 2. The total number of deaths from cholera and diar+haa in Newcastle daring the present outbreak has I , een 1,521. In the same period (viz., the first 50 days) during the prevalence of epidemic cholera in 1831-2 the number of deaths was 291. It may be remarked that, although there were but l ain fatal cases of cholera and three of cliarrhoma in Newcastle on the 18th inst., and three deaths from cholera on the 19th, the visitors during their house to-houso visitation discovered on the former day 71 new cases of diarrhoea and ou the 19th 68. hcattered cases of attack and death arc from time to time reported as occurring on shipboard in port as well as at sea, some of the latter under remarkable circumstances of apparent spontaneous development away from all infected places. Ili most of these cases there is no medical man on bead, but plan in structions for dealing with premonitory diarrhea are widely circulated by custom-house officers and pilots, to whom, as well as to captaius, special instructions have been addressed. UNIVERSITY AND CLERICAL. .....- .4...--. OXFORD, 21.—The Savilian Professor of Astronomy (William Fishburn Donkin, M.A.) proposs to begin a course of lectures on Thursday next. The teachers of German end French, in the Taylor In stitution, will beaus their lectures for this term on Tues day, the 2.ith, and Wednesday, the 26th inst., respectively. These lectures are free of admission, and open to all mem bers of the °cart rsity. The members of the College Tutors' A••oeiation. who are engaged on measures of university reform, will resume their sittings on Monday next. CAMBRIDGE, OCT. 21.—0 n Friday, the 28th inst., the Professor of Modern History is to hold, at the Pit Press, an examination of such gentlemen as may be candidates for his certificate to enable them to take the ordinary degree of Bachelor of Arts in January next. The D wising Professor of Law proposes to begin a course I of lectures on Monday, the 24th of October, at 12 o'clock, in Downing-street. 'fhe Margaret Professor of Divinity is to deliver a course of lectures on the Prayer-book, b,ginniog on Wednesday, Nov. 2, and continuing them on subsequent Wednesdays and Fridays of term. NAVAL. ADMIRALTY, OCT. 21. APPOINTMENTS. Cap lain : W. H. Stewart (1843) to the Modeste, 13, sloop, on the Mediterranean station. Naval lorructor: J. Fitzgerald, to the leaperi.ute, 60, screw steam-ship, 330 horse-power, at Woolsrissa. Assistant-surgeon F. L. Leonard (1832) confirmed to the Ajax, 58, screw steam flag-ship, 430 horse power, at Cork. Miashipman E. J. Dankl to the Diamond, 23, at neer neas ; and T. Wildman to Blenheim, 6O, of 450 horse power, screw steam guard-ship at Portansouth. PORTSMOUTH, OCT. 21.—me Russian frigate, Aurora, 4S, came into harbour to be docked this afternoon. The Duke of Wellington, 131, Arrogant, 4G, sod Am phion, 34, screw steam ships nra ordered to come into har bour. The Leopard, 12, paddle frigate, Cspt. G. (beard, sailed lsst night for Cork to embark drafts of regiments for the Mediterranean. To-day being the anniversary of the battle of Ttafiegar, the Victory flagship, dressed out with garlands at her mast heads this morning. ARTIFICIAL PEARLS.—An oyster, or rather a water muscle, in which the artificial pearl= arc fivuled by the Chines., has recently been sent to this cutietry. These pearls are only obtained near Ning-po, and until luldy very little was knows of the manner iu which they were formed. The Ilermes steamer, however, on a late visit to tlgit place, was able to obtain several rive one., in which, on being opened, several pearl., as many as eighteen or twenty, ware Maud in the corms of forniiition. Tht one sent only contains simple pearls adhering ti the shell. It appears they are formed by introducing some pieces of wood, or Laked earth, live the animal while alive, which, irritating it, causes it to cover the ettrateous substance with a pearly deposit. Little figures made of metal are frequently introduced, and, when covered with the deposit, are valued by the Chinese as charms. These figures generally represent Buddha in the sitting 17 , 4:tire, in which that image is most freq rayed. Several speeim•sis have, it is said, and olhen slightly opened, 'Sit la spirits, The Society has reason to belie 'tint' s 've more detailed statement, a as slimans, I. reference to this interestin 4 1, iety of Ark. , 7j. t I, ti./1"