The Express. — London, England, 1851-09-27 00:00:00

THE LADIES' COMPANION, Frio le. , twaabbilly ttlawrowth —The OCTIAER number al 1pp...., , sfin.elbsy coaralsr% Wine Miratta fi d e) W Dauabter. W birth (hrowe :mim • f l•S van llnotey," We., &e.) ; Tyranny be 1 jukr. b, Me gib,. D .; The Wow in of the wnters by Mary CwwJaa Cew: N. I—Chatter; 1101•20 of Iledradale, by Marla horrit ; a Chapter as Artiidal Flosr , r. wel Petthie, by Mr*. Whee ; Of iffil.l Possh. by tar lade Lnunell. •tairt Wortley. Mora tafeewea. W. C . ft ...ma IL uttettle, We.; Tba Clara Carter ; Oid llowy by ii. A. C.; sad ths Chi:errs% Zsdlas. by Mrs. T. K. !treaty ; • The Work T..lie. 710 W NO M% by Abratratia. with 13 , 11• MT. illitotra- Vass; the Ctrtlen—Orinbr; Literati!» Mg ro ar, natio... W Nadu* Doty. with two calmed tittiot—OlLe, 214, literarl, Locks. Tht erfreos. TO CORRESPONDENTS. - A leeter! ?Attlee .1" TM Fierese" eastainteg •be 'MO entre. S " pOttl•lied every Tuzsgay eel Nola, 1.04 ,s time tar poet. Ades to ,roest• Atentled M "The 'WM." LOOIiOS Exer. At paper Art lo at A. (Hiles, W. 8011.111fil , itnItt. TIM O'Cieek es tbi 111011 WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE Tots MT—Wonting. 34. I I .Aftorsoos. 36. 3116 TO•saasow —lllo.ll.nz, J. SAIL LONDON, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 27. WE arc well satisfied with the principles, the ar guments, th, eloquence, the seal, and the popular adhesion, shown at the meeting of reformers in Nlan chester. We should like to ho able to say as much tl of the gathering ; not that the eloquence of the aka at was wanting, hut that which wassmast desi rabl. in foe h a mectiler was the display of union aninagst shades and classes of liberals, and of good und.ratutitliag amongst the leading men of the great party of progress. It ix idle to disguise that to fight the great battle of progressive reform at the present day is no light or ti inlet; task. Far different is it from the contest of tomity scum back. Then the whole country was mined by all that was extravagant in expenditure, and odious in administration. Every class felt that it would be bettered by rehirm. Tlw middle class was even more excited than the lower, and a large portion of wealth and property went w•Ali the movement, as pat e , sensilde, and as breaking dose n a most joerak trots and stupid monopoly of power. Abroad, events were encouraging, not alvnoing. Fiance had made a model revolution, by the hand. of the l'urisian workmen, who hail no sooner achieved the great wimp st, than they hanclisl over the fruits and the power to the notables of polities, and to a king of their choosing. Th.. atwial revolutions of 1818 are by no means so encouraging to men of wealth. or even of industry. Our upper chews eschew change. Wealth does not seek, :it bast from the liberal side of politics, more influence than it enjoys. The middle classes are not actuated by the inituences of 1832 ; whilst through out the world, and, of course, somewhat in England also, the working classes are inclines' to look more to social change .. and theories for their improvement, than to the political and constitutional progress which has so viten deceived them. In this latter tendency, this new phase of popular creed, ter ',collet. very great danger, and we would fain bring the people hock to put faith in the reform of a constitution, and in their acquiring a share and an interest in its spirit and its working. But in this the middle chigoes must aid, and to this the more liberal of the upper cheeses must lend a hand. If they hold aloof, and allow the operatives to be ad dresses!, as Weals to hare been the ease at Manchester, by etimparative strangers to the town, and by politi cians who, however moderate, still appeal mainly to lower class interests, then the worst of consequences must I WOW ill the segregation of interests, and the rise of class champions, who will find other and more dangerous weapons in the storehouse of popular hopes and theories, than ever used before. As long as Sir Jostte.t WALMSLET presides over the grist Reform Association, there can, indeed, be no fear of this. Nothing ran be more temperate, more judicions, and we will add, more able than his apeuelo. lle was well supported by Mr. Fox, and by the members for Marylebone and the Tower Hamlets. And yet we looked for something, in at least now of their speeches, which we did not tind. We mean a fuller development of views, and some indication of how the chiefs of the popular party consoler that reform could be carried out. The very best way of at this moment advancing the cause of reform is to set people thinking and arguing about it. It is not enough to tell the people "to be up and doing." They should be shove nat least, at this time of day, what they are to strive for. It is the very business of an association to prepare the great mate rials of information, and digest them into some *acme. Were the Financial and Parliamentary Reform Association to do this, they would set the thinking claims of the nation at work, and would far more advance the great cause than by any =omit of exhortation promulgated front the plat form. he mew that we especially take of reform is that which, we perevire, Mr. llynr: entertains, and that )Ir. 1)1,41:v.1.1 echoes. It is, that relents is above all things a fiscal question. It is quite plain that we shall never emerge from fivancial embairassment and try burdens, unless there is a large and more popular electoral body to enforce economy, and to make the expenditure of the state sumo:thing more than an appanage for precisely that'elass of people which ought to be independent of it. It is also requisite, lust, and ohs: that the consuming as well as the smaller producing interests should be repre sented in proportion to their wealth and number. in strati of leaving parliamentary power to be mono polised by one or two classes of producers. True it is , that these may be intimidated into making con cessions and into doing justice ; but intimidation is neither a safe element to employ nor is it a lasting or a contenting one. Free trade in corn, for ex ample, wun from the moat powerful parliamentary class, will never be fully accepted by them until all interests in the country are fairly represented and the recovery of landed monopoly thereby rendered hopeless. We consider reform, therefore, a middle class question, quite as much as it concerns the more skilled and eminent of the operatives. And it must be great impulicv on the part of the reform leaders, or a great drefiction of duty on the part of those who esteem themselves middle claim champions. if the eminent men of both be not found together, working in the same rank, with the same zeal, fur a cause which vitally concerns both. If we at this moment regard the countries of Europe, and contemplating the fearful recoil which has been given to the cause of liberty in all, ask tho chief reason fur this disaster, we shall find the principal and universal cause to hero been the division between the middle and the lower elastics. Though both joined in the first resist ance, and eootributed to the first conquest, they separated imins-diately after, distrustful of car I other. Tito middle classes and their lib er ti es th us became an easy prey to awakened despotism, whilst of the lower classes some were crushed in the fight, where they bravely marched against another section of the lower class, armed and trained sa not dives. The number of peasants that filled the ranks of the anny on the continent rendered these armies dechlidly hostile to civic movements, aad even to the town populations. Everywhere the peasant, clothed in uniform. has been employed to put down the workman, his brother. Nothing of the kind can physically take place here. But let as beware, also, in our moral and intellectual combats, lest our abso lutists succeed in marshalling one section of our working classes against the other, or in uniting both against the trading community and interests. Tut: representation of the counties is that which at this moult nt demands the most watchful attention from the pul lie. That is the citadel of class interest. in the counties the lauded interest is all powerful, and thereby dominates over the legislature. The very name count)• member, suggest' the idea of a nun sent to legislate to raise rents, and to uphold as much of feudalism, as the temper of modern society will bear. But it is a great mistake to imagine that • county member must necessarily represent, as in nineteen times out of twenty he does at present, only the views and interests of the landowners. Even in the agricultural counties, if all the intelligent in habitants were enfranchised, and their votes fairly taken, we should see a very different kind of mem bers. acting under very different influences, sent to parliament from the counties. There u in most counties a large section of lade. pendent men over whom the landowners have no THE EXPRESS; SATURDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 27. 1851. direct control, and who, tbatt# !giber inclined to moderate, not to say conservative views, are by no means disposed to sulimit to that kind of domination at present maintained, socially and politically, in the rural districts by the landed gentry. Then, thm:gh the farmers are much under the in fluence of '.heir landlords, they know well enough that they are made the tools with which the land owners work out their own objects, and that in vt..ry many important p articulars the interests and objects of the landlord class and the tenant farmer class are directly in opposition to each other. Then, again, there is a good deal of sturdy independence amongst the superior class of farmers, which the territorial interest has only retained on its aide by creating and keeping izalthe agricultural mind the greatest possible on the subject of free-trade. No one, who has noticed all that has passed in parliament, or what has been admitted by politicians of all parties during the present autumn, can have the slightest doubt that the political landowners have utterly abandoned every hope or expectation of reversing the free-trade policy. They know that if they could form a government to-morrow they must persist iu and carry out that policy. Why then do they palter with the still lingering hopes of the farmers for restored prutectiou? Why . do they still deal in ambiguous phrases in reference to duties on corn and cattle? Why do they make use of such Rut Vast WINKLE politicians to fiht their county battles as Sir &vant, LYTTON? Solely and simply becau-e they know and feel that this protection question is the last link which binds to their interest that section of the farmers not fall ing under their direct influence, who cannot be whipped up to the poll by the landlords' agents. And if the really independent middle classes of the counties be enfranchised, it will soon be found that more and more of the farmers, encouraged by the support of men of their own station, will take an in dependent course in county elections. Thus at the next general election wo shall see and hear a great display of protectionist candidates and protectionist principles in county contests solely for the purpose of catching the farmers, whose allegiance to the landocracy (alwajs saving that allegiance which is maintained by apprehensions of notice to quit) hangs somewhat loosely at present. It is in pursuance of this policy that the Marquis of SAtisnr Mt and his clique have brought out Sir Enwstur Lvrtox for Ilertfurdshire, and if we may judge fran what took place at the local agricultural meeting the other day, where Sir HOWARD presided, it seems by no means impossible that the manceuvre may not prove very successful. Unless the landlords can carry the county by mere force, with their own unaided forces of tunes and dependent tenant farmers, which is not likdv, wo question whether Sir EDWARD LYTTON Will not prove an awkward candi date to carr l'oesibly Ins adoption by the tory clique may be matter of bargain and sale ; perhaps, like Sir armee NiEUX, he may have subscribed his five or ten thousand pounds to the tory fund, and so bought the support he is to receive from the party ; if so, and they have taken his money, they must do the best they can for him. But, if Sir EDWARD has been adoptid, because he was once a pros,' sing , liberal, and because his protectionist politics are I likely to secure the farruers, such of them we mean as have a will of their own, it is, to say the least, doubtful whether the territorial magnates of Ilertfordshire have not made a grand mistake. Sir Enwsuo's notions are so far-fetched, and his method of elucidating them so roundabout and wordy, that the result would scarcely repay the time and space occupied in their exposure. Ile talked much about what farmers had done by energy and improvement, lauded their skill and intelli gence, hinted they had had injustice done to them by the repeal of the corn laws, and which—politics being excluded—he paraphral as " the continu ance of the present expenment," but dropped not a syllable on the reciprocal duties of landlords towards tenants, or of the heavy burdens landlordism imposes on the tenant farmers of this country. It was an elaborate essay on the state of English husbandry, ,all notice of the part played by the landlords being omitted. These things did not escape the notice of some of the shrewder farmers present, for after a few complimentary speeches from some minor squires, Mr. teican, on whose land the ploughing match had taken place, was called upon to respond to " his health." In so doing, he somewhat ironically com plained that their "eloquent chairman had nut ad dressed a practical speech to the assembled farmers," and that the gentlemen who had spoken had not suggested some practical remedies fur the difficul ties in %%Lich the farmers were placed;" and then he went on to say "that the burihen thrown on the county rates by the administration of the game laws--than which laws there could be no more fruitful source of rural depravity—required readjust ment. Ile saw several magistrates for the county present, and lie boldly called upon them not to en force the game laws with the utmost rigour, because these laws were laws which were made by the land lords themselves, and for themselves." And every pause in this brief but telling speech was marked with " loud, vehement, nod renewed cheering;" not merely did the remarks about game laws go home to Sir Enwaito and the other squires who had spoken, but the sentiment had a much wider and more general application to the acts and deeds of the county squirearchy. Now this meeting may be taken as Sir Euwatin I.YrrON'S (Mutt as a county candidate, and this incident may be taken as an omen of what he will have to encounter in that character. Game preserving, be it borne in mind, forms a serious obstacle to profitable farming in Hert fordshire, and one of the present members, Sir HENRI* MEUX, is a rigid game preserver. With two such candidates on hts hands, and his own well earned unpopularity. Lord SALISBURY, despite the farmers' fears of free-trade, will find it difficult to force his three nominees on Hertfordshire, if all sec tions of liberals at in concert and with energy and judgment. operations at the Paris bank being about of a mil lion more, and those in the departmental banks a million less ; the amoant of the former is 34604,669 fr., and of the latter 60,590,568 fr. On the side of the liabilities, the notes in circulation Atm an in crease of 161, millions in Paris, and a falling off of somewhat more than half a million .n the pro vinces. The account-current of the Treasury has declined 30 millions, employed in payirg the half year's interest on the Five per Cents., tae present amount being 96,957,431 f. Private accounts-current have increased in Paris 14 millions, and fallen off in the branch banks 21 millions ; the amcuut of the former being 118,280,395 E, and of tho latter 29,104,848 f. The whole amount of the metallic re serve at present is _625 millions, to 337 millions of notes in circulation. The accounts from the wine districts ii the south of France are far from satisfactory. It loos not ap pear that the blight has been general, tut the long. continued draught will, it is said, cau.st a great di minution In the quantity of wine as compared with average crops. At the Bourse the Fives fell 10e., closing at 92.5, and the Threes fell 45c., and closed at 56.10. The Northern Railway fell 2.00, the Strasbourg sfr., and Versailles (left bank) 1.23. The otter lines are without variation. _ . An experiment is being now made at tho station of Chellcs, on the Strasbourg railway, of an ingeni ous piece of mechanism, for receiv ing and depositing letter-bags without stopping the trains. ITALY. TUSCANY. The Grand Puke of left Florence for Monza on the 21st. During hie absence, hie cabinet is entrusted with full powers to carry on the govern meat. LOMBARDY. The Opinion,' of Turin, in giving an account of the various festivities with which the Emperor has been greeted in his progress through Lombardy, states that, on the 18th, a master bricklayer, named Ogionui, who had contracted for the illuminations with the municipality of Monza, was stilettoed in that town, and died a few hours afterwards. The Milan Gazette gives a detailed account of the Emperor's triumphal entrance into that capital on the 21st. His Majesty first reviewed the troops on the Campo di Marte, and afterwards proceeded to the cathedral, where the Te ]A ruin was sung. The official paper adds that the bchavionr of the people was modest and satisfactory. GERMANY. KOSSL'TII AND HIS COMPANIONS HUNG IN EFFIGY. VIENNA, SEPT. 23. Simultaneous almost with the arrival of Kossuth and his companions on English soil, the Austrian government displays at Pestle. in the most glaring colours, the fate which English sympathy, pertina cious and prompt, and Turkish good faith, have suc ceeded in saving them from. Yesterday morning curly the names and effigies of the Hungarian fugi tives were publicly executed by hanging them in the market-place of l'esth, with all the dreadful solem nities which accompany the execution of a human being. Disappointed in their passionate desire to wreak the most frightful vengeance on the head of Kossuth and his friends, the Austrian government has hung them in effigy. The Mirror of Pestle re ports the fact in the simple terms which a state of siege permits. The military were drawn out and formed into a square, within which there appeared the usual gallows. The otlicer in command read the sentence of the court-martial, ac cording to which the following persons were sen tenced to death in effigy, having been tried is contumacion (Anglice, while fugitives from jus tice), and found guilty of high treason. The sentence having been read - ,: the hangman was ordered to do his duty, which ho did by hanging up a string of black boards, on which the names of the sentenced criminals were written, as follows :—Paul Almasy, Julius G. Andrasy, J. Balogh de Galantha, Count Casimer Batthyanyi, Eugene Beothy, Ludwig Csch (Csernatoni), Stephen Gorove, Richard Guyon, Esq.; Paul Hainik, Francis Hamann, Michael Horwatli, Daniel Iran) i, Baron N. Josika, George Kmethy, Karl Kornis, Ludwig Kossuth, Johann Ludwig, Ladislaus Madams', Baron Y. Najthenyi, .Moritz Merle, Lazar Messaros, Jos. Orosshcgyi, Moritz Perezel, Nicolaus Perezel, Nicolaus Peky, Johann ltakuczv, Julius Sarosy, Anton Semogyi, Baron L. Splenyi, Baron E. M. Stein, Bartholomeus Szemere, Samuel Sonntagh, Michael 'fareszes, Count Teleki, A. Von I ieggenfeld, and S. Mikovieh. Of course the military were indispensable; other wise the populace would instantly have torn down the boards and hung the hangman and his com manding officer in their place. Some moths ago the government introduced into Hungary a tax upon all articles of food consumed in the towns and large villages, and in order to have this tax regularly levied and to prevent imposition, a small army of tax-gatherers was created, whose duty it was to levy the tax on tho articles, in ques tion upon their passing the gates of each town or village. So little acquainted with the condition of the people of Ilungary and their wants has the mi nistry proved itself to be, that they have been com pelled to recall their tax-gatherers and abandon the tax altogether, because it was found to create greater expenses titan the sums it produced. The fore thought, calculation, and knowledge of the authori ties most assuredly deserves commendation. Private accounts from Italy contain full confirma tion of the total failure of the officially got up re joicings to welcome the Emperor. In every one of the larger cities through which the Emperor passed the severest orders were issued to the inhabitants to decorate their houses during the:day, and to illumi nate them at night. Fear of imprisonment, or per haps still worse, compelled the people to do what they were ordered, and lights in the windows, and green boughs and flags on the houses, were not want mg ; but in every town, or even village, the rejoic ings went no further. Police representations of exaggerated loyalty were of course not wanting, bat in Milan the majority of the population left the town for the whole time the Emperor was present, leaving to their servants the ungracious task of illuminating to welcome a despised and hated monarch. Such conduct will not be allowed to pass unpunished by the police, and anticipate having to report shortly that fresh persecutions have begun. In Verona a tombola was arranged by the police, for which free tickets were distributed, but, notwithstanding, the theatre remained half empty, a fact which speaks volumes when the love of gambling of the lower orders in Italy is taken into consideration. It is stated in several of the papers that the head of the Vienna police, Ritter Weiss, is to be placed at the head of the central federal police of Germany, which the Diet at Frankfort has resolved on organ , ising. This person, I cannot call him a gentleman, has played a most notorious part in the persecutions which have been instituted in the metropolis since the October revolution. At the head of the worst secret police in Europe, with the exception of the Prussian, he seems really to have deserved his post. He is without exception the worst of the bad. His private character is stained by acts which, in other countries, where laws exist and are respected, would have been punished by lengthened imprisonments. It is not very long since he was the subject of a criminal investigation, for having feloniously attacked a young woman, an accusation which is said to have been quashed by money. He is hated by his inferiors, who certainly cannot be considered men of :character, but who are still ps sessed of sufficient honest feeling to be shocked at the atrocious manner in which he instructs them to proceed. In his former days he has been known to denounce individuals for acts or words pronounced by them while he was their guest, and he is not ashamed to boast of his success or to instruct his inferiors to follow his example. His official career has been one series of failures. The accusations which he and his tools have fornished to the courts martial, and their evidence thereon have been in nine eases out of ten proved to be lies; innocent men have been:seized by his mistakes and made to suffer punish ment for offences the real authors of which all his cunning and trickery could not discover. Any per son connected with the court or government need but name an obnoxious individual, and Chevalier Weiss pounced upon him and secured him as safely as lettres rh cachet formerly secured individuals in the &stile. Fifty thousand political offenders, the majority, named by Chevalier Weiss, fill the penal companies (Straf Compagnien) of the Austrian army. The prisons were full of his victims, and under the present anarchical maladministration of what is called justice hundreds of innocent men wait in crowded cells, month after month, until it shall please the authorities and Chevalier Weiss to place them at the bar of some tribunal or other. Such is the individual who, it ismported, is to un dertake the administration of the police affairs of the confederation. If the report be true, the imprison- Ment and trials of 1830 will bo nothing to those which will ensue upon his taking office. No one will be safe. The police force of London bears a high character for probity and honesty. Since I have been in Vienna I have heard it very strongly asserted that individuals connected with it have made themselves subservient to the purposes of the Austrian govern ment, in a way that reflects discredit upon thG whole. Your readers may perhaps recollect that not long ago a case of forgery of Austrian bank notes was heard at the Mansion-house or Guildhall police-court, and that statements were made during its progress to the effect that a systematic forgery of Austrian paper money was in operation in England. The detective police who were employed upon the case in question are understood to be still engaged in the prosecution of inquiries at the instance of the Aus trian government. Their unsuccessful efforts have hitherto been well rewarded, and promises of further reward have not been lavished without a purpose, for4nothing is easier to detective constables than, while hunting after hank-notes presses, to hunt up the dwellings of Austrian refugees and to report their proceedings to the Austrian embassy In plain words, the police of England are accused here of [taking Austrian money to be spies on poli tical refugees, upon pretence of searching after forgers. I do nut make the assertion myself; but so long ns the present character of the English police force is allowed to exist by parliament, I must maintain that they ought not to he allowed to be at the beck and call of foreign despotic governments upon any pre tence whatever. I [may also mention that several of these said refugees are nothing better than police spies. Metternich has delayed his arrival in Vienna. The great age and weakened constitution of the ancient minister have compelled him to travel much slower than was intended. A telegraphic message, received yesterday, announces that ho will arrive to-day, towards evening. PRUSSIA. The Cologne journals state that a prosecution has been commenced against six of the municipal coun cillors in that city, for having, in a discussion as to whether an address should be presented to the King, attacked the government. They add that the burgo master has been reprimanded for having allowed them to continue speaking. BERLIN SEPT. 24. _ . The Preuudarhe Zeitung published yesterday a very long De/Ascii/4A filling the whole paper, ad dressed by the Prussian government to the other states of Germany, giving an account of the negotia tions which have terminated in the customs conven tion between Prussia and Hanover. There is a lengthy statement, too, of former negotiations on the subject, showing why they had not succeeded. It was in 1841, on the occasion of Brunswick join ing the Zollverein, that Hanover and the Steuer vervin first made overtures to join it also. But their propositions, which consisted chiefly in lowering du ties on several articles, and in the claim Hanover made to a particular amount of customs revenue (jortriptuna), was rejected by Prussia. The difference ten years has made in the relative positions of the parties is remarkable. At present Hanover requires no reduction of duties, and her demand for a fixed share of revenue on a higher scale than formerly is at once acquiesced in. The reasons of this last conces sion are thus explained in the lienkselarift : Ten years ago, the average revenue of the Steuerverein was hardly as much as that of the Zollvercin, whereas, at present, in the former, the increase of revenue, from 1517 to 185,. , , has been as much as 1 dollar 1 groschen a head for the whole popu'ation, whilst in the Zollverein it has amounted, from 1547 to 1819, only to 2;5 groselien, and in 1550 only to 23 grosehen. It is on this ground that Prussia has yielded to the demand of Hanover for a customs in come whirls will exceed that at present realised in Hano ver, and which was only prospectively to be realised by a higher taxation in certain articles, had this convention with Prussia not taken place. The superior advantages of the freer trade of the Steuerverin were also shown by a compa rative table of articles consumed in the Zoll vercin and Sisiervereln in the years 1847-49. 1847-50. Brandy 3.02 4.05 Rice Southern fruits, and all sorts of raw tobacco Tea 0.57 • ... 3.41 Sugar and syrup 5.57 8.29 Thus the consumption in the Stuerverein in all the articles which make up revenue is shown to be con siderably greater than that of t'te Zollverein, yet though this effect has certainly arisen in a great measure from the lower duties of the Steuerverein states, there seems to be no disposition, either on the Part of Hanover or on the part of Prussia, to profit by the opportunity the new treaty offers, to obtain a reduction of duties in the Zullverein states. On the contrary, the 1), nkarheitt reasons at length that the increase of ditties in the Steureverein territory can hsvc no ten denc -to diminish consumption, especially with re spec" to such articles as sugar, coffee, and tobacco, which have become by habit necessary to the daily life of the people. It appears, therefore, pretty evident that though this treaty may have the best effects on the commer cial and industrial world, not only in Germany hut in foreign countries, the main object of the parties to it (Prussia and Hanover) is not the advancement, on enlightened motives, of the free trade principle, but simply an augmentation of revenue; whilst there seems to be really a disposition, despite experience, to deal most kindly and tenderly, if not encoura gingly, with the protective system, both in doctriuo and in practice. This convention between Hanover and Prussia is likely, it seems, to exercise sonic influence over the fate of that innocent folly of the Germans, the German fleet. Austria does not want this miniature maritime force; Prussia had, since the theory of a united imperial Germany has passed away, lost the interest she formerly felt in it. And as for a federal fleet, she totally repudiates the idea, as it would place her, in all federal naval affairs, under the command of Austria. There was therefore a great perplexity as to what was to be done with this mimic fleet. There was hardly room for it in the museum, and there was a reluctant conviction on the part of all that if it were to be kept up it would be more as a "curiosity" than anything else. Now, however, tho fancy , of Hanover and of the coast states to protect their commerce by a marine war establishment has something like a big look,sby Prussia's league with Hanover, and consequently with seaport centres of commerce ; and a north sea fleet, under Prussia's command, belonging jointly to all these commercial provinces or cities, will have a grand sound, and will not seem on paper so really useless as it will be in fact. The .Kreutz Zeitung gives one to understand at least that with this view Prussia will advocate the maintenance of the few ' ships and gun-boats: which are called a fleet; and j that ournal already speaks boastingly of the future German navy, the very anticipation of which, it says, so alarms the jealousies and the fears of England. The negotiations of Count Bille Braise on the three subjects of his mission—the evacuation of Holstein by the Austrian troops, the respective relations of the dnehiLs toone another and to Denmark, and the throne succession question—proceed not, I am Informed very rapidly. The Schleswig-Holstein affair is that which chiefly embarrasses Prussia. The terms proposed in Loudon in 1849, to which l'russia gave her adhesion, ought, however, to simplify this matter. By these , terms it was settled that Schleswig was to have a legislative and administrative constitution, separate both from that of Holstein and that of Denmark. But then came the plan of May, 1830, that Schles wig and Holstein should have a joint -separate assembly to represent interests common to both duchies. To this scheme, of course, Prussia in clines, as it virtually unites the duchies, declaring, nevertheless, the tt inseparable union between Schleswig and Denmark;" but Denmark opposes this duchies; and it appears that Prusg viusit , ,h.heo t i. n o cqsau a l c project, because it does not distinctly separate the the date separation m i : t t e t e s u w oar o n ts l h d h agreee sense,u ni o settle mentntquestion openni f one for future determinat n o o n olafe i a‘v: to which postpone ment Denmark decidedly objects, though Prussia formally " expresses her wish that the integrity of the Danish monarchy should be maintained invio late." In this hitch the ncgociations on this point at present, I am assured, remain ; on the other two points I have learnt nothing distinct. But an old report is being again revived and cir culated, that there is question of admitting Schleswig and Denmark both into the Bund by way of settling the various Danish and Duchy affairs. It is said that the Prussian government earnestly advocates this measure, that Denmark adopts it, and Russia is not opposed to it. As the parties at variance, how ever, would stand exactly relatively in the same position after entering the Bund as before, one don't sco what difficulty would be removed by this course. Indeed, I should not notice a rumour ad highly improbable if it had not obtained somo cre dence here. Ttz,i'reussischeZeitunoannounces that at Homburg the " fundamental rights" have been formally abolished, by a resolution or proclamation of the Laudgrave of Hesse. The Ober Pust Alla Zeitung says that the continental powers have agreed simultaneously but separately to address remonstrances to the English government on the subject of the conspiracies hatched in London by foreign fugitives against the peace and security of all legitimate governments, and they will urgently demand that measures should be taken to put au effectual stop to such proceedings, whereby all so ciety is endangered. The common-council of the city . of Cologne have determined to submit the following address to the king in reference to the speeches of his Majesty and of the Prince of Prussia in their late visits to that city : Most Illustrious and Mighty King ; Most Gracious King and Master,—The words of displeasure which your majesty in your late visit addressed to the city authorities have filled the hearts of all loyal citizens with sorrow. With deep devotion we venture to affirm that after the indelati• gable efforts of the communal authorities to uphold the laws, at a time when other protection was not to be found, and the proofs they have given of attachment to your Ma jesty at the critical season alluded to, make them in their true loyalty feel that the expression of your royal displea sure does not really apply to them. Most Gracious King and Master,—For years long our desires and our endeavours have been directed to make our Prussian fatherland more inwardly united ; to strengthen confidence and concord between all classes of the people and all parts of the country ; to upheld law, right, and justice, and thus to invigorate the state by the love and attachment of all eit:zens ; and we can say with satisfaction that our city and our province have never failed to manifest their loyalty and firmness against the menaces of all enemies. No, your Majesty, there exists no inimical feeling among us, no attempt to sow discord, or to weaken the popular attachment to princes, to the state, or to the laws; and if this dish osition existed it would be among us quite impo tent. kor the present and for the future we place our hopes on Prussia, and on the glorious uds.sion she has, we trust, to fulfil. _ _ Conscious of them sentiments, the free expression of which we regard as our bounden duty, we venture most humbly to beseech your Majesty to give no credence to those who caluminate us, because, clinging tenaciously to right, we resist every perversion of law and every abuse of lower, and within legal limits act fearlessly and free ac• cording to our consciences. Trusting in the magnanimous sentiments of your Ma jesty we dared nut delay this true slitemcnt of the patriotic temper of our city, ninth now, as at all periods, and amid every change, has shown itself as firm against seduction us against violence. We subscribe ourselves with the deepest veneration, Your Majesty's most loyal and obedient subjects, lime CuMNION COUNCIL or rue CITY Ur COLOGNE. The Provincial Diet of the province of Prussia was opened at Konigsberg on the 21st inst. FRANCE. ream, F•toa EVENINO. ' The speech of M. Leon Faucher at Chalons con tinues to be the leading topic of public comment. The Pattie shows some alarm at the very general offence which certain sinister expressions of this manifesto have given to members of the majority, who have hitherto supported M. Fauvher's adnunietration as the guarantee of legality, and attempts to smooth down the meanings to which exception is taken. It also throws some doubt on the accuracy of the re ported copy. 'f he SWele takes note of this apologetic tone in the ministerial organ, as a recantation or • disavowal. M. Leon Faucher intends apparently to show as little indulgence to caricatures as to newspapers, for ' It is stated to -day in his organ, the de Paris, that a bill is to be presented to the Assembly on its re-opening for subjecting to previous censure the designs and engravings published by journals and periodicals. Let thu Charirari look sharp. The Petrie having lately attributed the removal of M. Prondhou from the Conciergerie to St. Pelagie to his disgust at the licentious habits of his fellow ! prisoner, M. Charles Hugo, the great socialist, has addressed a letter to the National, qualifying the reasons elicited as an unworthy libel. Not even at ' the prison thresholddoes the persecution uf the govern ment against liberal writers cease, but when these have been stripped of their liberty the ministerial organs assail their private characters. An article in the Piedmontese newspaper Opinions, hinting at imminent war between Austria and Pied mont, and invoking English assistance, draws much attention. The Petrie takes strong exceptions against the appeal to British aid, which it says is given often enough without being asked for. M. Magee, Minister of Public Works, landed from I (bit& Vecchia, at Toulon, on the 22nd, and is ex pected to arrive in Paris to-night. Narvftes left Paris last night to return to Spain. I The Duke of Levis left Paris last night to return to Frohsdorf, where the Count de Chambord is ex pected to return and give a bunquet on the 29th, his birthday. M. Paul de Denson is the government candidate in the department of the Morlnhan, and is expected to be elected. No news of the election in Finuterre has yet arrived. The metallic reserve of the Bank of France has in creased nearly 11 millions in Paris, and diminished 3 millions in the provinces. The discount accom modation has not undergone any great change, the HL SSE-DARNISTADT. The Cubwine (iaziitc contains a letter from Darm. stadt of the 22nd, which says: In the sitting of the Second Chamber of the States, of this day, the Deputy Itch made the following motion concern ing the resolution of the Germanic Diet to abrogate the fundamental rights: " The Chamber declares that the federal resolution of the 23rd is contrary to the federal com pact, and to the constitution of the duchy ; in consequence, it invites the goventmcnt not to carry out that resolution." Tu morrow the bureaux arc to name a committee to examine that proposition. BRUSSELS FETES. The (keg at Brussels in honour of the anniversa ries of national independence were continued on Wed ' nesday. The distribution of prizes to the pupils of the University, of the " Enseignement Moyen," and the Veterinary School, took place with much pomp. It havingbeen announced that the king would attend,' the assemblage was extraordinarily great. The ce remony was commenced before the ling arrived, by the Minister of the Interior; and when his Majesty appeared, leading the Princess Charlotte by the hand, and accompanied by the princes, his two sons, ho was received with enthusiastic accla mations. The professor appointed to deliver the customary address, having spoken of the "just and enlightened king, called with his young dynasty to protect the national institutions," was interrupted with shouts loud and long. Thu harangue having concluded, the king took the chair, and delivered the prizes. The king, the princess, and the princes then retired, amidst renewed acclamations. The other parts of the day's amusements consisted of a balloon ascent by M. Puitevin, on horseback, and of another by M. Margal, with one large and two small bal loons; of the competition of the musical societies, and of a fiWe given by the Cercle Artistiquo et Litte mire. The latter was of extraordinary beauty, and passed off with great eclat. The king and the three royal children attended it, and were received with enthusiasm. KOSSUTI 1. The Mississippi, United States steamer, arrived at La Sperzia on the 21st, on her way to England, with Louis Kossuth and other Hungarian refugees. LATEST FOREIGN EXCHANGES. PARIS, Mem ft (r 36 65 38 65 92 33 92 45 3 par Cents. , per Cents. 4 per Cents. 44 do. Now Um Exchange en London : t tight, 23 224 ; 99 day*. 29 5. Belgian, 5, ..... 1012 Money. Naples Henke 9s 3n Money. Do. a, 18.2 — Boman Loan, 1451 .. 744 „. Do. 44 ...... Do. 21 Piedmont 50. Cents. 80 0 ... Bank shares P.anta, SEPT. M.—Vey-Ink" (right bank), 255 ; do. (kit bank! , , 211 25; Path and Orleans, 9u1.1; Perla and Rouen, 565. ROOM and Darr*. 531 25; Marseille, and Anoxia. 200 75; Strad- Doug and Bale, 148 75; Oantre, 427 50 ; Boulogne and Andes, —; Orleans and Bordeaux, 385; Nortbern, 450 23; Pane and stria. boars, 4211 ; Tours and Nantes, 263 75 ; Dieppe Rod reearop, 195. [By Electric Telegnpb•] BRUSSELS, Sr.vr. 26.—Belgian Five per Cents., eq. ditto Four-and-a-Half per C en t s ., 02.1; Ex change on London, 25.23. AtZrwEnr, SEPT. 26.—Five per Cent. MetalHynes, 781 ; ditto Ardoins, 141 . Three per Cent. Interior, 33. Russian Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 991. Ex change on Loudon, 23.271. AMSTERDAM, SEPT. 23.—Five per Cent. Metal- Billies, 741; Two-and-a-Half per Cent. Belgians, —. Five per Cent. Ardoins, 14 11-16. Three per Cents, Interior, 34 13-16. Russian Four-and-a-Half per Cts., 991. Two-and-a-Half per Cent. Integrals, 381- Exchange on London, 11.921. STEAM TO AUSTRALIA.—In the Lefsletive Council of New South Wales, which were assemb ed in April last, a member gave notice of hie intention to move tko follow ing resolution : " That whereas a sum of 6,0001. a year out of the colonial revenue has been held at the disposal of the home government for the last five years, for the purpose of establishing steam communication with the mother country, ; and whereas the respectful remonstrances made by this house to the home government on this subject, from year to year, since the year 1548, have hitherto been entirely with out avail, this house resolves: ' t. That in their opinion the establishment of steam communication has never been 1 rendered probable, within a reasonable time, by any steps which the home government have taken, and that the ditti anity now publicly stated by the Secretary of State to have I been interposed on the part of the }last India Company ought not to have constituted a reason for the delay which has taken place. 2. And, further ' that it is the opinion of ! this house that th e course pursued by the home government has been a source of grievous disappointment to all classes of her Majesty's subjects in this colony, and has retarded very materially the social, political, and commercial ad vancement of the whole of the Australasian depen dencies.' " THE AUSTUALIAN GOLD REGlON.—According to the census taken just before the gol 1 discoveries in New South Wales the population of the town of Bathurst and Kelso was 2,591. THE LIE STOCK OF THE COLONY OF SOUTH AUS TRALIA up to the end of the year 1850 was as follows horses, 4.488; cows, 24,074; oxen, 42,222; calves, 13,027; she.p, 897,860; goats, ; swine, 13,681. Po, .fie ppezdai 36 :IT 99 0 1 1 1 1111041 Lowest On:0v. 26 10 56 10 111 95 92 ne court. BALMORAL, Tncitspay, Sup?. 245. Her Majesty, accompanied by the Princess Royal sad Princess Alice, drove yesterday to the Linn of Quoich. Prince Albert went out deer stalking. Sir David Dundas arrived at Balmoral yesterday, and 114 an audience for the purpose of submitting to her Majesty the proceedings of some courts-martial. The dinner party yesterday included th" Duchess of Kent, Baroness Spaeth, the Duke and Duchess of Le .r 4 the Earl of Carlisle, the Earl of Aberdeen, and Sir David Dundee. Despatches were sent off yesterday from the Colonial office to the governors of the North American colones. COMMISSION SIGNED BY TIIE LORD LIEUTENANT OF GLOUCESTERAMILE.—L. Marcus Strachey, E-41., to be Captain in the Royal North Gloucester Regiment of THE QUEEN'S VISIT. (From the Liverpool Merekry of yesterday.) • • •- - - - Since our notice on Tuesday of the nizingements in connexion with her Majesty s visit to the " good old town," the committees of council have been actively en gaged in their respective departments. A generd meeting of the committee was held on Wednesday, when the reports of the committees were brought forward for confirm:item. The general arrangements , to which we have from link to time alluded, were confirmed. It is understocil that in consequence of some dissatisfaction as regards the royal route, the line of progress is to he slightly cliangtll—to include Castle-street as far as the Branch Bank of England and Brunswick-street. It is re commended that stages be erected on laud mar the Zoological Gardens; within the area at the front of the Infirmary • on the vacant land near the workhouse in Browalow-hill; in Hardman-street, near the lustitutim for the Blind; in Leece-street, within the area around St. Luke's Church; in Church-street, within the railings of St. Petted ; and iu Canning-place, near the Bailors' Home. In Lime-street and St. John's-lane stages will also ho erected. As a wise precaution, the committee recommend that balconies to windows be supported by props, and that, in all cases cumpatent tradesne u should make an examina tion as to their security. Thu stages are to be constructed only upon plans and specifications approved by the com mittee. The children of the various charity schools will he accommodated on the inclosed space round St. George's and after the royal corbye has passed, they will ho taken to their respective schools and provid.il with in entertainment. It is expected they will number twenty thousand The landing stago is to be laid out to accommodate from 2,148 to 2,200 persons, and the three steamers placed at: the dis posal of the committee will each contain 300 iadividuals. Admission to both will be obtained by ticket, -100 b,ing at the disposal of the members of the council, and the re mainder in the hands of the Duck Committee. Afeolutuo : dation fur spectators will also be provided on to i and other sites along the line of docks where u view uf the river can be commanded. As regards the Town-hall, the Mayor's room and the ai -1 joining unte.room are to be appropriated a. retiring rooms for the Queen ; and the town-clerk's room and ante-room as retiring apartments for the Prince. They will all be appropriately furnished. The plans for arranging the ball corms have been approved. The larger room will accommonate 562 person., besides the members of the council ; and the smaller one, which is to be devoted to ladies only, 240. The ladies will be placed on benches on either std.: of the apartment, and the Queen will pass down the centre. Thu dais in the large ball room is to be covered with crimson baize, and upon it three chairs of state will be placed, ono emblazoned at the hack with the royal crown, the second with the coronet of his royal highness, and the third with the feathers and coronet of the Prince of Wuks. The Queen will step forth upon the balcony overlooking the Exchange area, and it iIIIS been decided to remove so much of the external wall above the centre window of the ball-room as will ena ble her Majesty to pass into the balcony on a level with the floor of the room. It is uuderstood that the luncheon for her Majesty and suite will be provided by Mr. Lynn, of the Waterloo Hotel. The royal party will consist of about thirty persons, though a largo number may be accommodated by replenishing the tables. The address as we have before stated, will be deposited in a silver bo x, ornamented with gold, and appropriately carved. The workmanship of the box has been entrusted to Mr. Mayer, of Lord-street. A new royal standard is to float over the *f own-hall ; the arca of the Exchange is to ho decked with evergreens and plants from the Botanic Gar dens ; and last, but not least, the mayor's state carriage is to undergo a thorough redecorating, in honour of the oc casion. The inhabitants are to use their own taste and judgment as to the kind of favours worn throughout tho day, the council making no suggestion on this subject. Tim members of the corporate body, however, are to be dis tinguished by badges worked in gold, on royal blue ribbons, with the arms of the corporation upon them in fall. Thu I tso in the Exchange news-room has been granted,should it be re quired, us asupper-room during the ball. The secretaries of the various literary soeieMus have supplied to the council, requesting that they might be associated in the arrange ments 1,.r presenting au address to the Queen. On this a resolution has been passed, that the address of the council must be taken to be the address of the whole of the inhabi tants ; and a reply has been returned that applications for the presentation of other addresses must be made to one of her Majesty's secretaries of state. It has been decided that each member of the council shall have six tickets of admission to the large ball-room, and four to the smaller ball-room, during the presentation of the ad ' dress. This would leave 24 at the disposal of the Mayor. Tho boudoir and private drawing-rooms fur the Queen and Prince Albert will, we understand, be fitted up in very chaste and elegant style under the direction of M tars. Hoiden and Co., of Church-street. Tho Zoological Gar dens will be opened at nine o'clock in the evening fur tho admission of company ; and it is understood that the dis play of fireworks at the north end of the town will ho given to Mrs. Atkins, under the direction of Mr. E. Atkins. The members of the council will have four hundredtia:; fur the gardens at their disposal. There have been sumo applications to be enrolled us members of the "guard of honour," but the candidates are not so numerous us was at hest expected. Yesterday the following code of regulations in reference to the arrangements for the cruise on the river was sub mitted to the dock committee, and adopted : A line of steamers to be anchored at a distance of two hundred yards from the river wall, and 150 yards from each other. '1 he line to extend from the Dingle to the Rock. One row beat to be attached to each steamer. The masters of steamers are requested to ss.ist the authorities in pre venting all lioat.s and vessels from passing betweeu them and the river wall during the time the Queen is on the river, namely, between the hours of tcu and one. No boats are to to allowed alongside the steamers, except the row boats, nor will boats be permitted to be alongside the piers, or inside the landing-stago. Pilot-huats and gentlemen's yachts era to be anchored in the vacant spaces between the steamers. Owners willing to form the line are requested to send in their names to the dock committee. Alt other steamers are to be anchored outside to the westward of the flotilla, at a distance of :PO yards. leaving a clear course along the Cheshire shore. Ships ready fur sea are to remain in dock on the morning of the 9th, and ships arriving are requested to anchor as near us possible in the line. Steamers are requested not to fire guns while her Majesty is passing. The steamers are to come to their stations not later than seven o'clock, a.m., on the morning of the 9th, and a lithographed plan is to be furnished to each steamer forming the line. An sOlree will be stationed afloat to assist masters of steamera iu forming the line. The Liverpool life-boats, five in number, will be anchored in line between the steamers and the landing-stage. It is requested that all persons intending to view the excursion on the river be ou board the steamers at an early hour. Tho landing-stage will be cloaca from the evening of Monday, the oth, until Friday, the 10th October, in order to complete the arrangements contemplated for the suitable reception of her Majesty, and the accommodation of the public. The royal yacht is to be brought alongside the landing stage with her head to the south. Immediately on her Majesty embarking she will proceed tip the river to the end of the dock works, as fur as the Dingle ; then, crossing over to the Cheshire shore, she will sail down the river as far as the Stock, then rectos' and proceed along the north dock to the landing-stage. One of the fastest steamers, burning coke instead of coal, with a single otlicer on board, will pre cede her Majesty's yacht to clear the way. Admission to the three steamers which are to follow the royal yacht will be by ticket only, red ladies and gentle men are to be to board not later than ten o'clock, a.m., at which time steamers must leave, on account of the tide. The three steamers are to sail abreast, under the charge of the commodore of the squadron, who is to see that each vessel proceeds at the same rate of speed. There will bo deck accommodation fez three hundred persons ou each of the steamers. A platform will be erected on the landing-stage to ac commodate 2,118 persons; and in addition there will be standing room on the south side of George's-basin and George's-pier in front of the baths. Admission to the plat form and landing -stage will bo by ticket, and ladies and gentlemen arc particularly requested to be in their places; i • nut later than half-past 10. None will bo permitted to cross the bridge after that how, nor will any parties be allowed to leave the landing.stage or platform until after I her Majesty shall have disembarked, passed the stage in her carriage, and driven away. Platforms will also be erected on the King's-pier, to accommodate 11,423 per ions ; ou the Albert parade and pier, to &mom ' modate 2,375 • and ou the Prince's-pier to accom modate 4,325, making altogether 8,121 persons, calculating that each person will take up two feet. Admission to these 'platforms will be by ticket. Arrungeme•nts are in progress 1 fur Captain Franklin, of the Royal Artillery, to tire tho . royal salute on the wall wcstwaid of the new waving docks. There will also be standing room on the piers be sides. A correspondent informs us, that in addition to other ; manifestations of loyalty and goodwill towards her Majesty Fon her approaching visit, the aldermen, councillors, and electors Abereromby Ward, intend dining several hun dreds of their poor neighbours in Gill-street market, which building has been kindly granted by the markets com mitter, with the consent of the whole of the tenants. A , the tickets will be distributed to indigent persons, male and female, of all creeds and parties, our correspondent hopes that all the more wealthy inhabitants of the ward will support the committee formed for the purpose, and also that other wards will follow so benevolent and loyal an example, : and provide for their respective poor.