The Express. — London, England, 1853-07-20 00:00:00

IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT. HOUSE OF LORI/S.—TUESDAY, JULY 19. The LOW) CILCSCIILLon took his seat at 6 o'clock. PETITION PRESENTED. rvattc Hot:ans.—By the Earl of lIARROWBY, from Mull, in f of closing public houses un the Lord's-day. BANKRUPTCY (SCOTLAND) BILL. The LORD CHANCELLOR moved that the house do go into committee on this bill. The principle of the bill was involved in its details, and it consisted of several clauses, the object being to effect a number of mail amend ments in the Piloting bankruptcy law of Scotland. Lord 131t0UOIIA NI thought there were many great de fects in the Scotch bankrupt:law. Ile had presented . one petition complaining of them signed by 200 of the largest Brms in London, five of whom carried on trade with Scot land to the amount of 1,000,000 i. per annum, and all of whom were largely connected with Scotland. Be had no doubt that, altogether, they carried on business with Scotland to the silent of 5,000,0001. annually. The onfferings of those individuals from the defects of the Scotch bankrupt law were very great. For the whole of ono week the bankrupt bad the entire control of his property, and used that power in the choice of *signets ; another evil was, that the trustees had judicial as well as admisittrative functions, and there was ao security that they should be lawyers, traders, or accountants But it Was a lucrative *See, sad plenty of peorle were on the look out to be chosen trustees. Ile did not mean to say that the measure was not a step in the right direction with but one inception, namely, the remedy he appeal, which was defied's. Then there was omitted altogether the public Szazaimatios of the bankrupt, and he thought also that it wee IBM desirable that the question of certificate should he left to the decision of the court, and not to the creditors. Whilst • genuniosion was g and inquiring into the irapediesiey of an assimilation of the bankruptcy law of Ragland and Scotland, he did ant think that was the proper time for carrying through a shone in the law uldea was sot men urgent new thaw it wee eta or seven years ogo. He did sot think that • delay of via or seven months amid make much difference to the people of Scotland. This bill was sot going in the right direeti-in is some re grets. Petitions bad been rresen ted by the ateetantile osonissuity, ia favour of his sad men missprelsen- Sive measure, sad as that had refereed is the mar adeolea, he did set tee why this bill should not alp be re ferred to it. (Hear.) The LORD CHANCELLOR:eaid that if he far •monasat @apposed that the pushing on of thus measure could in the slightest degree interfere wits or damage the larger sea more of his noble and teethed friend for improving the bankruptcy law of Scotland, or in any in terfere with the inquiry before the commission he would yield to the suggestion of his noble and learned friend for postponement. But he would appall to hie noble sad learned friend himself if he could say that this bill inter fered is the slightest degree with his bill. The object of the present bill was to make better the provisions of the ethistiog bankruptcy law of Scotland, but this would not prevent the larger amours of his noble and learned friend from being eoaridered st a feting tits*. (Rear.) The hill thee passed through committee. BATTERSEA PARK BILL. This bill passed thievish committee. WESTMINSTER BRIDGE BILL. This bill passed through committee. GENERAL BOARD OF HEALTH (No. 3) BILL. Os the elitism Sc the wood reading of this hill. The Marquis of SALISBURY objected to some of the peovidass of the hill, and hoped that the government would give •pledge to alter it in committee. The Duke of ARGYLL said that it would be impossible for him to give such a pledge at the present time in the abstain of the noble lord who lied charge of the bill. The Marquis of SALISBURY repeated his objections at great length. The Duke of ARGYLL replied; and the bill was then read • mead time. LAND REVENUES BILL This bill passed through committee. COINAGE OFFENCES (COLONIES) BILL. Lord STANLEY of ALDEIELEY moved the secioad reading of this bill. After a few remarks from Lord Moirrahout, the bill was read a mooed time. TRANSPORTATION BILL. The amendments is this bill were reported and agreed to. PUBLIC-HOUSES (SCOTLAND) BILL. The inneedineats is this bill were reported and agreed to. COLONIAL CHURCH REGULATION BILL. The Bishop of OXFORD moved that this bill should be committed p►o forma. with a view to its being mom twitted on Thursday, and some amendments istrodmod, when the discussion might be token. Lord REDESDALE took objection to some of the provi sions:of the bill. The Bishop of OXFORD gave • brief explanation; and the bill was then committed pro forum. METROPOLITAN BUILDINGS ACT FURTHER AMENDMENT BILL. This bill was read • third time sad passed. LAW OF LANDLORD AND TENANT IN IRELAND. The Marquis of CLANRICARDE laid on the table • bill on this subject, and briny stated its provisions. The bill was read • first time. SUCCESSION DUTY BILL. The Earl of ABERDEEN moved the Ant reading of this MU, which had been brought up from the Commons. Agreed to. The noble earl Hied the second reeding of the bill for Friday alit. The home adjoined at a few minutes after seta o'clock. HOUSE OF COMMONS.—TuEsDAT, JOLT 19. The Brzaatia took the chair a few minutes otter twelve o'clock. PRIVATE BUSINESS. The Lords' antendnriititotirileititßeetern Bairn (Ceaterbory and Whitstable, ite.) BM, sad the Chest Western Railway (Haley) Bill, were eionsidered and agreed to. Hall Dare's Estate Bill, and the Feldmann Innovate Bill, wen read a third time and pared. Jesus College Estate Bill, and Sergboa's Edna Bill, were read a mend time, and ordered to be committed. lic 11111 . 44 T lIACLAII4TION BILL. Oa the motion for the third reading of this bill, Mr. J. FITZGERALD took an objection to tho bill, on the ground that it was a speculative measure, got up for the interest of the promoter, while it would interfere with ths prescriptive rights of the proprietors, whose estates lay sear to the lead proposed to be ',flanked. He should therefore move that the bill be read a third time this day three smooths. - 16.01ii5a11.11 Minted Mat this bill would be of rest public utility, as it mactioned t►. reclamation of Mad that was sow of no use to my oae ; aad as biU had received the sanction of the crown authorities, it would be Indust to throw it out at this stage. After .osaa further discussion dm inatadaseat was with drawn, sad the bill mad a third time sad passed. BASTRIVI UNION RAILWAY BILL. Mr. C7iditifisit ashimtrue tioa to the costinittee ea the Rutin Unica Railway ( re-wont. omitted) Bill, to entertain the petitio n of Mr. Rigby Wean, deposited in the Private Bill OMee yesterday, to retinas, to the said bill. Mr. W. Patten. Mr. Greene, sad Mr. Bouverie, objected to the cooties ; Sir Cl. Pei:h.-11. with Mr. Base, 'imported it. The Douse ultimately divided, when there appeared, For the cooties Assiut it Us lilies ems sessegewady ha. PUBLIC BURN ES!. TIME ALLOWED AT DIVISIONS. On the ii;ertiimtiatheoid;isoftie day be reed, Mr. H. BERKELEY drew aunties to the mine haste which at present attended the calling of division:l7 l 7 was site impossible that a man with sound wind sad limb emit no from the library to the Mum under two minutes without a peewits, Treerary bislang. (A laugh.) Lest sigh s tor homes, the bell nag for a anise and in We BMA • mute ea s half be, together with ;meal ether menben, mode the beet of their way to the door, bat it wee too late. They ran a seven nee, bat they wen choked by the pees sad beet of by the °entre (a biagb)--ead whys at last they teethed the do lt was meseneeniesely clemd against them. Laug.) Now them wet soneeittee siting up-metra epos ( um veil ineetims, wed be begged tonnes; to them that In minutes time wee sot Ose own St gapes bonnie calks' the division wed oneleig ra Men. (Oh, eh) Well, then, my three sgeollse. but egg Mt the hews, Ix the time, so that mem ben might Ws es opportuaity of regulating their pace without priniwene trailing he It. (A laugh,) The SPEAK= said tie time which generally elapsed ores regabiled worp_meek by the member of strangers he the hone t of melee if *see were Emmy, the delay was kalifs in gift, them Mk thus if gime were few, - bat the Wee sew weer reseed the deers so_ bog as then wee a member In sight tail' disemn W IOW to the Mese, sad the doors wen ass ebbed IMO all wen sibeigoi, who meld be sees le I. opgrambali bit kh• Wroth Meer, hear.) The siablest — this napped, sail the hems poised to the seders of the day he 12 o'ideek. ANNUITY TAIABCOTLAND) BILL. TM LORD ADVOCATE , ia meths die leased of this bill, said that it awe Minded Is Me estieLoat udill i s g l u s e lle rs bsu q = w wW e l laNst althe ase t h e it= wesesselee oneloietratime. Tbe tax wee a ritte imposed in WIN pesperty Is the sty et inbuilt for the sampan ens deep. sod wee impend is its present nape in till. It enewated to per men ow the reseal. TM wank* of d sepperted by it hod Witty decreased, mid the esOmii" bid tegiod geese dbmiest en , in nose quote of the anion whim bed tak plan in the dwelt of lintlemi—a dbiewiewe which berneed so meek that in 11142 M woe .Madly head necessary to eall oat the military Ss Sidali• Ssihis. ISM rate. Is 1148, the noble lord the member he Linen seat Mr. J. I. Wen. to Edinburgh, to Mathias limpidos, end that gen tleman made a report, which with the of the select committee that sat subsequently, basis of the prompt measure. As he had stasi s the tea was on of 8 Par cent. on bolo* property, but within the menet royalty. The whole of the of Justice, ie. eluding fudges , advocates, mildises. des.. were exempt, al though they, as might be Wined, included the most affineat portion of W ppilmils. Eighteen minden were paid by the tax ; and lailmalle of se ttlement p ro p ose d was to reduce that number NglMaa , to abolish the ex emptions, and to abolish the ammdty tax altogether. In its steed It was proposed to levy a ninkipal tax of 3 per mat. out of which the allergy wen to be paid throe& the medium of the Consolidated Fund. Comb revenues of the deanery of the Chapel Royal would ulti mately be applied in aid of the same purpose. These, on • moderate calculation, were expected to amount to 1,6001. per annum, and with the municipal tax before mentioned, it was expected would produce sufficient (Of the payment of the stipends. Urtil these deaneries fell in an additional tax of one per cent. would be levied on the municipality. The salaries of the ministers were at present about 6001., subject to the expense of collection, and it was proposed to fix them for the future at 6.501., and to reduce the number from 18 to 15. The three eniaistries to be reduced would be those entrusted with collegiate charges, which ex perience had proved, both in Scotland and Eng land, to be attended with very little real duty. It was objected against this bill that its operation would require the intervention of the consolidated fund. (Hear, hear.) But he did not think there would be any charge on that fund; indeed he had no objection to introducing in com mittee provisions to the effect that nu greater amount than was paid in should be disbursed on account of the stipends. With reapp ct to the deaneries, their revenues bad always been applied to emlesiestical purposes connected with the church of Scotland, and no city bad • greater claim to them than Edinburgh, which supported 18 ministers, while Glasgow maintained only 10. These were the principal provisions of the bill which he proposed as • means of allaying agitation, and be was preparel in committee to attend to any reasonable suggestion. Mr. J. B. SMITH moved as an amendment that the bill be reed • second time that day three months. (Hear, hear.) Having been a member of the committee that sat is. 18.51, be thought he could supply some partienims about the tax which had been omitted by the hon. and learned gentleman. The parliamentary bo rough of Edinburgh contained about 160,000 persons, and the ancient and extended royalties, the only part of the city liable to the tax, about 66.000. In these two districts there were fifteen congregations and eighteen ministers. Up to 1810 this tax was collected by the corporation, and the ministen paid a fixed salary, the balance being applied to ' municipal purple**, and the amount of surplus for twenty years up to 1809 had been 37,1201. About that time an important change took place, which war the origin of all subsequent disputes. Au act of parliament was obtained extending the area of taxation, into which by a pious f fraud the minister got • clause smuggled, providing that tax might be levied for the payment of seventeen stipends or as many more as might be deemed necessary, whereas, under the previous law, the amber was limited to six. (Hear, hear.) Under that act , tax was now levied fur the payment of 18 stipends. (Hear, bear.) No sooner bad the act passed than the ministers isereeeed their demands, and having previously received 3301. yearly, immediately claimed 7601. each. (Hear, hear.) The *corporation resisted and • law suit was the consequence, but ultimately the clergy were victorious, and obtained manses, wine duties, seat rents and church lands. The corporation agreed to pay 6201. to each minister in lieu until 1820, hot the moment that time bad elapsed the CA. leetion was renewed, and there had been nothing but dia eatisfaction and resistance ever since. This went on until 1813 when it became absolutely impossible to col lect mss tax, and in one ease a magistrate was Imprisoned for refusing to pay. To show its in justice be might mention that in 1844, out of 10,667 peness en whom the tax was levied, 8,331 did not attend the churches. _Meer, hear.)_ The old town of Edinburgh contained, is 1688, within 300 of its present population; but where.' at the former period they were all of one faith, they wen at present composed of various denominations, leaving but 5,118 who either belonged to the church, or professed no particular creed. It appeared, however, that although the churches of the stipendiaries were empty, there was no spiritual destitution, as there were 26 plums of worship of the established church, and 74 of other de nominations, all well attended. During this time the seat rents were received by the corporation ; but they were inesillcient to cover the expenses, in volving in nine years • lose of 8191. During the same period the corporation was called upon to pay the clergy 60,0001. (Hear, hear.) They were also bound to provide an immense number of church seats, but of these only 6,55 were actually let. Notwithstanding all these vacancies, it appeared that a new church wee to be built at an expense of 10,1461., to replace Trinity church which had been pulled down for the railway. For this church it appeared there was a confregatlon of 19, and for another, called the Grey friars, which was also to be rebuilt, the congregation num bered 35. (Hear.) Having detailed some particulars re specting the substitution of an inferior place of worship for • church built by Lady Glenorchy, the hon. member pro ceeded to contend that the deaneries were no more eoclesi silica property than Woburn, having been taken by the state on the abolition of episcopacy, and said that the best remedy for the present stets of things would be to repeal the act of 1803, which had been obtained by fraud, and to reduce the ministers to their original number of six, which in his opinion would be quite enough for the duty. Thera was a precedent for this in the reduction of the Irish bishoprics. The hon. member concluded by moving his amendment. Mr. HADFIELD wended the amendment. Mr. MACAULAY should have thought from the speech of the bon. member who moved the amendment that he was arguing in favour of the second reading of the bill, and one of the difficulties which he (Mr. Macaulay) experienced, was that the hoe. gentleman had urged many of the topics which he had intended to advance In support of that mo tion, and which certainly tended to that conclusien. (Hear.) The hon. gentleman made out he thought even more strongly than the Lord Advocate that the city of Edin burgh was suffering under a great grievance, and that being so it was the duty of the house to adopt such a measure as would afford the beet practicable remedy. (Hear, hear.) It was not desirable, the existence of the grievance being proved, that they should propose and insist upon some re medy, which theoretically they might think preferable to this mews if there were no chance of carrying it into effect. That reposition was always practically the best which there was a prospect of their being able to carry. The hon. gentleman (Kr. J. B. Smith) had referred to his (Mr. Macaulay'e) conduct in 1833 in voting in favour of the reduction of the Irish bishops. He acted then on the same principle upon which be was pprenppasred to act to-day. He thought that the eresordnleabiMbmont of the Established Church in Ireland wee tee Liege, and Mr. O'Connell thought so too, for he blamed the government ter not pro pose( s greater redaction than they did. But was that because Mr. O'Connell wished to maintain the number of bishops and archbishops proposed by the goverment masers ? Not at all. But because be felt that if he insisted upon a greater reduction than was offered he would probably get am.. (Hear, hear.) It was then upon the principle upset which he acted in HOS, sad upon which Mr. O'Connell acted in 1833, that he was prepared to vote in hewer this hill, and having Aeneas, be should without the knot bsellathm.end with the meet satire confidence, present irmeelf bears his esestikente is Edinburgh. As he had mid, there was a grievenee, sad it wee a great see. The in= sass of the pork of Edinburgh in referees**. eel mettles comested in this. In the first plass they Ws elms* establishment which was diereparelened to the wants of the people. If they considered the mot of the so tabliahed sherds in the city of Edinburgh, with the met el the church establishment in the other great towns of Scot land, they would god an enormous disproportion in refer ence to the amount of the population. • But after all the psenniary grievance was net the worst in the case. Edin burgh was one of the few places in Scotland where the burden of the church establishment was not in part at least borne from those revenues which had formerly belonged to the Roman catholic church. In the reign of Charles I. a grant of certain lands was given for that purpose, but it was taken away at a later period in the reign of Charles 11., and the leads reverted back to the crown ; and this annuity tan spot the houses of Edinburgh had became neesseary in sonsequesee of the resumption by the crown of that part of the church leads which formerly were assigned to that city. Now, the complaint of the people of lidinbergli was —trot, that the state had burdened her with a church sets blishment disproportionately large as compared with her population ; secondly, that the state, in layi n g on this burden, had exempted those who were the best able to bear it • and thirdly, that it had taken away those ancient aura leads which ought to have gone to maintain the chard'. The Bret remedy proposed by the bill was to dimi nish the chugs—to dimitkb prospectively the number of the clergy—not interlocks with any vested rights, for he hoped he should never sae parliament doing that. (Hear, hear) It filed the Alpo& of the clergy at 5.50 i., and re the number prostestively from 18 to 15. And with lewd to this redeaden the argueats for it were, he thonskt, irresistible. The ascend remedy was to strike awq altogether the odious privilege of the College of .1 as kWh (Chests.) Asa as ara wee that in return, or as fir those Ohara Inds, which were arbi =rillakietir away without eosapstsation,either the whole W saeas pert of the rinses, of Deaaekes of the Chapel Royal Amid Walton's'. Ammeorellooded upon something Ike this *Wok had bum geoposed for this country by the 'Y lokobened bp a minefwd (Blandford) which EaAsk the seesaws of meek deaneries, probe's red alasseras should be made applicable to the in eilledeney of the eirmash, by providing additional misegymeo la districts at present misapplied with sufficient mem Genesis", ketrosties. But the reason for so a_ppro- Crthe Metallelea Of ea deaneries was stronger in Edin tban In able gesurry. In England the deans had sumethiag to do in carrying oa the service of the cathedral, blithe deans of the Chapel Royal in Scotland did also biddy se duty whatever. It was, be believed, recorded of wee these doses, that he should say grace when George IV. dhoti Mllelyrood—(bear and laughter)--and be believed it woman' for one of them to attend at Holyroed when tie *Wee of peers took place, and these were the only duties poellormol by the deans of the Chapel Royal within eserriep elms. (Haar, and; laughter.) Was it um messalidrie lbw to Like the whole or a part of the revenues of Wee Mesa, moor. ern 1,800/. ayes*, to relieve from this cruel burden the poor inhabitants of the capital city ? whisk the Sevoreiga was not likely again to honour with her residers? (Hear, hear.) Ile must say that the amemismot proposed by his hoe. friead astonished him, berme ewey o e elf the principles upon which the bill was founded wee in the report, which, se a member of the cola mittes ea the subject, his hon. fired recommended the i of. The three remedies it was proposed to apply t l et tba use grievance, viz., the reduction in the number of Malden, the abolition of the privilege of the College of Justice, and the application of the whole, or a great part of ' the revenues of the deaneries of the Chapel Royal, were all included in that report. (Mr. Smith intimated dissent.) As to the first, the reduction in the number of the ministers, the hon. member would not deny that that was one of the remedies proposed in the report. (Mr. J. B. Smith, " No, I so.") True, die boa. member did not propose that the number sh ould be reduced to precisely the same ex teat as was proposed by this bill, but surely the honourable member had been long enough a member of the bouts to know that it being admitted that the number should be reduced, whether it was by three or six, was not a matter of principle. (Hear, hear.) The abolition of the privilege of the College of Justice was also recommended, and it was equally certain that in that report the hos. gentleman did propose that a portion of the revenues fifths deaneries lel the Chapel Royal should be appropriated to the saints same of the ministers. So that to every one ot the three principles involved in the bill the hon. gentleman had dis tinctly given his sanction. (Hear, hear.) He had in his hand the report as proposed by the hon. gentleman ; not the one that was ultimately adopted by the committee, but the one drawn up by him and rejected, in which it was stated, " The committee are of *pinion that it would be de. sirable to abolish the annuity tax, and as soon as funds are available by the decease of the present duos of the Chapel Royal, there should be appropriated out of the revenues of the deaneries a sum equal to the stipends of the two exist ing ministers, and on the decease of either there shall be only one minister." He here recognised the princip!e that a part of the funds of the deaneries might be ap plied to relieve the people of Edinburgh from the annuity tax, as he bad recognised all the other remedies the bill proposed. He (Mr. Macaula)) did not regard the clauses having reference to the consolidated fund es any necessary part of the bill. They would be so put that in no case whatever ought one farthing to pus out of the consolidated fund to the minister, and whatever secu rity might be suggested to make that certain, they would be ready to assent to in committee, and unless such security was found as should be sufficient to satisfy the moittecrupu loss, they would be perfectly willing that the whole of that part of the machinery of the bill should be struck out. (Hear, hear.) The principle of this bill had been affirmed' by three successive governments—the government before the last—the last government—which did not certainly pro pose to reduce the number of ministers, but did propose prospectively to reduce the amount of their stipends ; and now the present government the principle in the bill before the house. In addition to this a committee of the House of Commons had sat and recommended a bill founded upon the three principles on which the messure proceeded, an after all this the honourable gentleman came for ward after recognising those three principles and moved that the second reading should be put off to that day three months. When everybody was agreed as to the three remedies to be applied, and when the only difference was as to matters of detail, whether 300 should be taken from one source and 400 from another, or 400 from the one and 300 from the other, to attempt to throw out the bill altogether was unreasonable. For the sake of the peace of Scotland, and for the sake of the In terests of the established church in that country, he im plored the house net to reject the measure. Let the house consider what must be the position of the church when the clergy found It necessary to call out the soldiers to get in their wages. The unpopularity of the clergy was a very different thing from the unpopularity of an army or of • police. An army or a police, though it might be hated b the people, eould yet perform its functions; but a church that was hated was worse than useless. (Hear, hear.) A church to be useful must be r espected, _ and if it inspired feelings opposite to respect, it had better not exist. It was for these reasons that he fervently implored the house not to support the keeping up of an institution by means which could only cause it to be hated. (Hear.) Mr. J. B. SMITH, in explanation, denied that he had proposed in his report, that the revenues of the deaneries of the chapel royal should go to the clergy of Edinburgh, but to the clergy of the Canongate. Colonel BLAIR opposed the bill, which he contended was an encroachment on the rights of the church of Scot- THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JULY 20, 1853 Cord SEYMOUR alio intended to vote in favour of the astendisent. Mr. BOIVERIE said that on the whole, though be did not approve of some of the details, he should support the second reading of the bill. Mr. JOHN MACGREGOR regretted that be could not support the bill. He would support it even if he thought it would satisfy ball the people of Edinburgh. But he be lieved it would lead to increased discontent, and was vicious in its principle. Mr. E. ELLICE said that if the clause relating to the payment set of the consolidated fund was withdrawn, he should veto for the second reading; bet, unless such an assurance was given by the Lord-Advocate, he should advise the opponents of the bill, as they were pretty numerous, now to test the principle of the bill by a division. _ NEW MEMBER. Sir J. FITZGERALD wu here introduced, sad took the oaths and his seat for the County of Clare. The debate was then resumed. Mr. MIALL who, referring to the speech of Mr. Ma caulay, said that it ought to have terminated with a propo sition that the Edinburgh annuity tax should be done away for ever. He should vote against the bill, objecting, as his did, to its principle. Sir A. CAMPBELL should vote against the bill, though on different grounds to those laid down by the member for Stockport. He expressed his surprise that the hon. member for Ayrshire (Colonel Blair) should hare declined to vote against the second reading merely because he did not wish to be identified with those members opposite, with whom he disagreed. He (Sir A. Campbell) would sot allow such scruplet to influence him, and he should vote against the bill without any fear that it would be supposed that he was opposed to church establishments. Mr. COWAN said a very few words amidst cries of divide," stating that he thought, after the speeches which had been made, the house was in a condition to decide the question. Mr. F. SCOTT protested against the late period at which the bill bad bees brought in, and the evident desire to come to a declaims mahout a full discussion. The bee. member was interrupted by the OrrAzid, it being 4 (Mak mad the house immediately adjourned till 6. TM Mete lemased at 6 o'clock, but, forty members not Ming present, immediately adjourned. PAIRS.—Sir J. Matheson has paired off for the remainder of the session, from the 19th, with the Hon. Major Cotton ; Mr. Bennet has paired for the remainder of the session with Mr. B. Portman ; Colonel Harcourt paired on Monday niaht, spigot the Succession Duties, with Mr. U. H. Vernon for ; Mr. H. Berkeley in favour of Succession Bill, with Mr. Heatheote, against; Mr. H. Berkeley wu inserted by mil take, as having voted on the Succession Bill. Ilte etVreOri• TO CORRESPONDENTS. ftwool Mica at" TL. Azynos.'• tb. sum oroairet Oaastio." Li published ovary Towlay sad Med. la Um Or port & Warted tor "Tie Impart," Landon Ronda paw, wow at do 011 w. 10, Ikravorbboarot, by Two Web& ea tie day at pabboodoa. MOH WATIR AT LONDON BMWs. Tim Dar—Meniag, 1L fOia.. —Munro; lb. 475. Tomosnw—Montag. lA. 141 a. ........Afternsoa. fa. ilzu LONDON, WEDNESDAY, JULY 20. THE funds have risen, and the Bourse's inclined to anticipate a peaceful solution of the Turkish difficulty. One of the deepest interests of a season of suspense about war or peace is in observing the effect of the expectation on the popular mind. The Emperor of RUSSIA and the SULTAN appear to be both well satis fied with the kind and degree of excitement among their subjects. The Russian people are subjects : subject in ideas more even than in anything else and when their Emperor, as Gores vicegerent, tells them that war is for the Faith, and' that the foe are I I GOD'S enemies, they cry out for war, as it appesrs they are doing now. The Turkish nation and their allies have nearly the same religious inducements, and a good many political ones besides ; for there is probably not a man in that empire who does not know nearly as well as the Circusians themselves who the Emperor of RUSSIA is, and wherein he is a dangerous neighbour. So the subjects of the Porte are flocking in, from far and near, with such contributions as they can bring —corn, horses, money, and, at the very least, eager hearts and strong hands. Nobody seems to doubt what are the emotions beating in many hearts in other continental countries at the spectacle of the spark being struck by a despot at last, and by neither Constitutionalist nor Republican. While their hands are tied, they us imperial bands setting to work with the flint and steel,—the tinder being laid on a gaping powder cask. There can be no doubt that there is a great stir in the popular mind, from the Baltic to Naples and the Pyrenees. _ _ So much for the peoples who have not liberty— avowed or virtual What of those who, like our selves, are in possession of rational freedom ? As far as appears, the sense and feeling of the country are with its memory and its conscience. Our fathers obtained our liberties in ways which are not forgot ten, nor likely to be; and our statesmen pledged us, some years ago, to support the independence of Turkey. So the country, while entirely free from war tendencies, and indeed earnestly desiring peace, sees it to be necessary to check Russian aggression, and to keep faith with a weak ally, holding an all important position. We are told, indeed, in a tone of sordid and insolent scepticism, that our labouring classes would be against us if they were to be ac counted to for the expenditure of the taxes they would pay towards a war. Let them be entitled to such an account ; and we shall soon see that. But they would not know what it all meant, we are told. They did not know the meaning of the battle of Waterloo; and how should they know anything about the Danubian Provinces, and a quarrel be tween CZAR and SULTAN ? If so, whose fault is that ignorance? Not a child leaves the National Schools of Ireland who cannot put his Anger at once upon Moldavia and Wallachia—those hard names which are supposed too much for a peasant's intellect. There is not one of them who cannot tell within what longitude and latitude the Russian empire is comprehended. There is not a human heart within the British dominions that would not yearn toward, our King ALFRED hiding from the Danes in the herdsman's cottage, or throb with anxious triumph over the discomfitnre of the Spanish Armada, if we would but tell our whole people those noble old stories. There is not a grey-haired man on our southern and eastern coasts who cannot tell what his peasant neighbours thought and did when the Bou logne flotilla was watched for from our cliffs. In those most unfavourable times—more barbarous times than can over !'inking under the but- dens of our last great war, there was virtue in our lowest depths, u well u anger and despair. There was courage in the soul of the sailor; there was a sublime patience in the heart of the soldier's parents, when they parted with him to the war. There was heroic self-denial in the night watches of the poor weaver, who sat at his loom by his single candle, to earn bread for his children, when NAPOLEON made our daily bread so hard to earn. And so it would be again, if we were to make our whole people understand that our liberties are, with those of all Europe, imperilled by the aggressions of despots, far or near. What we have to do is to enlighten our whole people as to the posi tions and duties of nations, and then to admit the whole sense and conscience of the nation to Parlia mentary Representation. If there is reluctance to assert and guard national faith and security, it is be cause the management of our national crises is left to the secresy of cabinets, and the decision to the con flicts of a handful of administrators who bring their work to the light only when it is too late for recall. When such decisions are referred to the national council, and all the intelligence and virtue of the country are admitted into that council, there is no fear but that every momentous decision will be one worthy of our honourable descent from the an cient patriotism of England—one never to be re pented of. This would be eternally true, if our circumstances were as mournful as they were in the beginning of the century. But so mournful they can never be again. Even then, a vast progress was made in the arts which are called those of peace. Even then, in our season of lowest depression, our manufactures made their first great start. Science proceeded at home, and we had our array of philosophers in our island while our warriors were earn ing their fame abroad, and their labours bore imme diate fruit in the improvement of agriculture, and accelerated production of food and clothing for the masses. Machinery became a sort of institution in those days; and in those days popular education took its rise. And now we have an enlarged Repre sentation, a vast increase of wealth, and such freedom of trade as places us beyond the reach of such suffer ing as our fathers knew. We have a more diffused enlightenment, and of a kind which would be ex tended by the requisitions of any great struggle for principle or honour. Education has other resources than books. There is no higher education than that of the exercise of our moral faculties under such an appeal u that of despotism to the love of freedom—of tyranny to the sense of justioe—of selfishness to devotedness. The com rades of TELL and Ilona, of DE MONTFORT and WASHINGTON, were not philosophers and statesmen, but peasants and hard-handed labourers, who did not need book learning or a seat in Parliament to teach them the value of the firesides of the North, or the vino and figtree of the South, when despots, at hand or from the ends of the earth, would lay a finger on men's lips, or crash human hearts and homes. If free speech and national life can be pre served at a lean sacrifice than war imposes, every man will rejoice. If not, national life must be pre served by means of such sacrifices. Of all proposals the one which will be scouted with the strongest re probation is that of striving after a temporary and lo cal tranquillity, by calling forth the ignorance and selfishness of our lowest classes—the ignorance and selfishness which are our national guilt—to be the vanguard of the Russian armies. We wish most heartily for peace: but it must be that peace, as heroic as war, which will not sacrifice good faith or social duty to its own preservation. Jr Acts of Parliament could perfect the condition of her MAJESTY'S Navy we should have no reason to complain of that branch of the public service. Two new Bills on the subject stand upon the House of Commons Orders for consideration to-day. The great question which comprehends all this discussion about the management of the Navy is— how far is the naval service popular in this country P That the seafaring life is natural to the English everybody knows ; but this proposition does not in elude the first one, and we are afraid that the Navy is not popular amongst seamen. We all remember how, in NELSON'S time, NELSON himself entertained a prejudice against it once. This was the reflection of the feeling of the merchant service, and there is no reason to believe that that feeling has ceased to exist. The fact is one which is far more important than the ingenuity of this or that bill for naval go- vernment, and all legislation must be based on a right interpretation of it. If men who spontaneously take to the sea do not take to the Navy, there must be something distinctly wrong. We must judge all new bills by the capacity they promise of putting it right. Comprehensive Naval Legislation is a new affair. Our ancestors made laws for governing seamen : they got seamen without law. They accepted them, or seized them, or ensnared them; and they did with them what they pleased. The Nore Mutiny first in dicated how much matters were wrong in the Navy. If in those old days ships were well fought, well or ganised, it must be attributed to the virtues of the nautical character, to whatever was good in natural English Conservatism, and to the per sonal qualities of its Br.snows, JEBVISES, and Cot,- usowoons, who inspired loyal sentiment. Men bore bad food, hardship, and severe control better at sea than they did on shore. Of shore life those past generations of sailors had no lengthened experience they looked at the seaports as occasional places of recreation; but they sought their food upon the waters. The circumstances of naval life changed with the other chaeges of the country—keeping, however, always in the rear. Legislation looked after convicts, labourers of all sorts, but interfered latest for the benefit of seamen. War over, and pressing having passed out of date, they scattered themselves all over the world;' they began to look on them selves more tut skilled labourers wbo had the world to choose from, and who were not naturally the servants only of a national flag. Admiralties aided this ; that is, Admiralties contented themselves with providing seamen for the peace establishment, for the supply of whom they looked to the influence of the old traditions, and to the general state of the nautical market. Accordingly, the " manning of the Navy," has often been a serious problem. In the Syrian difficulties of 1840 —when war with France was seriously apprehended —the Mediterranean squadron was badly manned, sad deficient in men altogether. Ships lay at our ports, waiting men for weeks and weeks. Meanwhile the American Government has usually had very many thousands of our seamen. Naval officers did not fail to remark, also, that of these many carried to that nation the benefits of our gunnery training in the Excellent. The of the Registry system was one great step towards an organisation of our nand cal element. It was thus brought, at all events, under observation, and a step taken towards bring ing it under control. We knew what our men were, and who they were ; they no longer came sad went from our shores as sea-strangers—as flocks of sea-birds. The theory being, that the service most look for its supplies to volunteers, all legislative msg. sures are so many attempts (or ought to be) to make the service attractive. To DIDDIN succeeded COCKER and HOWARD influences—calculation, good Genie, philanthropy. All these are excellent things; but, in reforming, we must always remember what kind of men we are legislating for. In our own times, we have warnings given us to look with ever-increasing watchfulness on the Navy. All this improvement meets with opposition from some, and is misrepresented for purposes of hostility, because we are told that the country is unjust to them, and only wishes to make tools of them. The only answer to this is, to prove the opposite by actual conduct—to satisfy our sailors that the Navy is the best field for them by making it the best field for them. There is no want (as we have remarked be fore) of candidates for admission as officers; and, in deed, within the last fifteen years, the pay of some 'rade. of officers has been increased, and the promo tion from the rank of mate (i. e. " passed-midship_ man," to use tho American title) to that of lieutenant, very much accelerated. Yet, with the advantages of being the government service in its favour (pensions, Greenwich Hospital, medical care, and the rest of it) the Navy has still to complain that it has not suffi cient nautical support. We have before us three new bills on the subject of seamen—two of which are to be considered to-night. They are an " Entry of Seamen Bill ;" a " Naval Coast Volunteers Bill ;" and one for the establishment of " Savings Banks " for seamen. Let us glance at their objects. To begin with the" Entry," men are invited ' to enter for" ten " years' service, instead of " five "(or even a longer period, if they will) ; and to be held liable, accordingly. Boys, again,entering at eighteen are to be held to serve for " ten " years. It is important that boys should be encouraged in the service, brought up in it ; and having learned its, ways, they will stick to it more than merchantmen. It is not found that all thorough-paced merchant sea men serve more than a commission at a time in a man-of-war; they do not " take to it," as naval men know. Of coarse the success of an attempt to tempt men for " ten" years must depend on the general measures taken to attract them. The possibility of further detention has hitherto—since the sth and 6th of WILLIAM IV., when the " five" year arrangement was provided for—been accompanied by an increased 1 " one-fourth" of pay for the time of such deten tion. A change is proposed in that point, viz., to substitute for the " one-fourth," twopence a day increase. An " A.B.'s" pay being 11.145. per month, this is a reduction of some shillings. The " double bounty," promised by the last Act to men entering after a proclamation, is repealed; and they are to have whatever bounty the circumstances may prompt. Then a " Proclamation" may extend the term of service to "five" years, in addition to that which may at such time have been gone through. While these things are proposed, " pay in sick quarters" is held forth as a medium of encouragement. A provi sion is made against the bringing of "spirits" on board. Power also is given to " Courts-Martial " to punish "desertion" summarily, and inflict six months' imprisonment. The Act concludes with a provision that seamen's widows or friends may re cover what is due to deceased seamen without " pro bate" or " letters of administration." Altogether the provisions of this Act have rather a balance of advantage in favour of the authorities. As to the "Coast Volunteer" proposal—its ad vantages have already been pointed out. A body of Sea Fencibles entered for five years, subject to due training for twenty-eight days at a time in each year, but not liable to be sent beyond a hundred leagues from the kingdom, will be likely to attract men, and be of high utility, particularly in case of an emergency. The body is not to exceed " ten thousand" in number. They are to have the pay and allowance of able seamen while under drill or in actual cruise, and will be protected from service in the Navy, Militia, or as parish officers. The liability to active service will continue for a year at a time; or an excess of that period will be compensated by extra pay of the nature of Bounty. There seems little doubt that a body like this will be formed without difficulty at the various places along our coast.. The plan appeals to the steady and regular part of our maritime population. For the Savings Bank proposal, though praiseworthy, it is not of supreme importance at present. It is a very natural and reasonable wish to endow sailors with prudential habits ; but these are not the main constituents of their character ; and we must first give them encouragement as sailors, before we busy our selves with the philanthropic object of making them thoughtful and saving citizens. The truth is that too much of that kind of cast and supervision deters men from entering under our flag. Wh a t seamen want is genial and kindly treatment, with such pay as shall be an inducement to them to sub mit to the restraints of the war service ; and we are sure that much flogging is one of those things which prevent the service from being sought after. The Return on Flogging in the Navy is unfortunately to be counted among the documents which show what our authorities are doing with our seamen. It is true that the punishments are lately less numerous than those of other years. But it is a mistake to suppose that the service in old days was always more severe in this respect than it is at present. The biography of CoLLING WOOD shows that the lashes inflicted on board his vessels would have borne honourable comparison for their small number with that registered in the last Return. And the truth is, that flogging is the resort of captains for the most part who have no qualities to enable them to govern without it. At the same time, it is impossible not to observe how large a pro portion of punishments are inflicted for " drunken ness" and offences which usually result from that. This is not complimentary to the discipline of ships where it occurs much, for drunkenness should be attacked, not by flogging those who commit it so much as by checking the means of it—only it is easier to " flog" than to establish such internal order and arrangement as shall ob viate the necessity of it—and thus flogging is as much the sign of an incompetent officer as of a cruel one. It would have improved the Return had the number of men in each vessel been duly spe cified in it. "Theft," which forms a prominent feature in the offences, should be instantly followed by the culprit's dismissal, for no offence more tends to disorganisation in a ship; and it is injurious to the morality of the vessel to retain an offender of this kind, who is only being punished for theft in the same way that a man is punished for the effects of an extra glass of rum. On the whole, the proposed naval reforms are _______--, small instalments towards that measure of improve. went which is due to the history of this country, and to its future. LATEST FROM THE CONTINENT. DANUBIAN PRINCIPALITIES. JASSY, JULY 8, The Russian artillery has arrived to-day, with 72 heavy gum The number of troops which have up to this date crossed the I'ruth is 40,000, and others are following. The Cossacks are spreading them selves over the country. AUSTRIA. VIENNA, JtLY 15. Last night a battalion of the regiment " Constar. tine " left for the camp, near Peterwardein. On the previous day a considerable number of pontoons were despatched thither. SWITZERLAND. BERNE, JeLy 15. The Federal Assembly is divided in opinion re. specting the settlement with Austria. At the suggestion of Franco and England, this power will consider all her grievances satisfied if the Confedera tion will guarantee pensions for life to the friars ex pelled from Ticino. All the deputies consider this proposition to be grossly unjust, lbilowing as it does the expulsion of the five thousand Ticinese from Lombardy; but somo nevertheless are inclined to accept it as a compromise, and as a means of re moving the inconveniences of the blockr.de. M. Karnicki has not returned to this capital. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. Letters from Paris assure us that the question of peace or war is there considered as settled in favour of the former, but as no news has been received from St. Petersburg, it is just possible that the Parisian politicians mistake the absence of new excitements for an improvement of the situation. The Sic('le says: " The following, according to information which we have received, i 3 the situation at the present moment. After the Cabinet Council, held at London on the 2nd of July, the day when the second note of M. de Nesselrode was published at St. Petersburg, the British government addressed to the Russian cabinet a project of arrangement which it had previously submitted to France. This project is a kind of paraphrase of the treaty of Kainardji, and leaves things substantially as they were before the embassy of Prince Menchikoff. The French government, on its part, has also sent to St. Peters burg the draft of an arrangement which has been communicated to England. and which does not essen tially differ from that of the British cabinet. At Vienna, after long conferences between M. de ?doyen dorff, ambassador of Russia, and M. de Buol, Presi dent of the Austrian cabinet, a third project of arrangement has been drawn up. The effect of this proposal is that the Porte should accept the note of Prince Menchiknff, and that in exchange Russia should give to the Porte a note, declaring that the Czar does not wish to exercise any other than a purely religious protectorate in Turkey. M. de Boar queney, the French minister at Vienna, and the Earl of Westmoreland, have been: informed of this project, but they have had no part in its preparation. Fi nally, the Porte has expressed the formal wish that the arrangement between it and Russia may con sist of a treaty which, taking that of 1841 as a start ing point, should place the integrity of the Ottoman empire and the execution of the lumens under the guarantee of the five great powers. None of these projects—and, least of all, that of Turkey—has any chance of being accepted by the Czar, as we may plainly see from the last note of the Russian chancellor. It was the duty of tho French and English governments to negotiate, but the last note of Count Nesselrode hes changed the face of affairs. It is stated on the faith of a telegraphic despatch from Constantinople that on the 10th—one day later than our yesterday's intelligence—Mustapha F'ache. Grand Vizier, and Reschid l'acha, Minister for Fo reign Affairs, both gave in their resignations; and on the afternoon of the same day both resumed office. Of course the difficult position in which the Divan finds itself peculiarly exposes the chief ministers to the chances of displacement, but events will prove how far they are able to resist the double pressure brought against them. A letter from St. Petersburg of the 7th announces the arrival in that city of the Austrian Field-Mar shal Baron Gulley, on board the Wladimir. lie was 'ac ompanied by a major and three captains. The letter adds that more than 10,000 men were already assembled in the camp of Krasnoe-Selo, and that manceuvres were about to commence. The German Journal of Fran',Art contains a let ter from Constantinople, which says :—" M. de Bruck, the Internuncio of Austria, has communicated to the Divan a note from the Cabinet of Vienna contain ing an offer of mediation and intervention in the Turco-Rnssian difference. The Divan has informed Lord Stratford de Radcliffe, M. Delacour, and M. de Weildenbreich of the offers of Austria, and has declared that the Western powers having the first testified their sympathy to the Sultan, it could not come to any resolution - before having con sulted all their representatives. Thus the Turco- Russian difference cannot be arranged in satisfactory manner, except by a protocol signed by the five great powers. It is proposed that the five great powers shall enter into a collective treaty of the pri vileges and immunities of the Christian creeds, but the policy hitherto followed by Russia does not allow any hopes to be entertained of such an arrange. meat being accepted by her. A letter from Vienna of July 15, in the Lloyd's, says :—" Mehemed Laftalage arrived here yesterday direct from Constantinople with despatches, and la to return to-morrow. He brings, it is said, the cir cular of the Porte relative to the occupation of the Danubian principalities by the Russian troops. A despatch which arrived here to-day from Hermann stadt announces that on the 9th Omer Pasha con centrated the nucleus of his troops between Nicopoli and Rustschuck. On the bank beyond Giurgevo there are 8,000 Russians. Letters from St. Peters burg state that the Emperor of Russia left that city on the II th for Warsaw, where he is to arrive on the 15th."- A letter from Constantinople in a Vienna journal states that the commander of the ports in the Dar danelles has received orders to allow the French and English steamers to pass by day and by night. A similar order has also been sent him for those of other nations. SPAIN. Letters of the 14th state that M. Llorent, the newly-appointed Spanish ambassador to Constan tinople, has left for his post. ITALY. TUSCANY. A letter from Florence, of the I 1 th, in the Opinione of Turin, states that the Tuscan ministry has ordered a dozen copies o f M. Nl on t ane lli' s wor k (which, as is well known, contains the names of most of those persons who have played a conspicuous part in the political conspiracies of Tuscany since 1830, and many of whom are now functionaries of the government), in order to send them to the pre. fects and governors of Tuscany, as it contains precious hints for the police .department. G REECE. The official Obacrrateur of Athens publishes the text of a treaty of navigation and commerce con cluded between the governments of Greece and Norway. THE PENINSULAR MAILS. Off ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.) SOUTHAMPTON, WEDNESDAY MORNINO. The Tagus, which left on the 18th with the Penin sular mails, returned here this mo: ruing broke down. The mails, passengers. and cargo, will be trans shipped on board the City of London steamer, and despatched at 10.30 a.m.