The Express. — London, England, 1853-01-10 00:00:00

cue erprems. TO CORRESPONDENTS. • ewe! Salim vf The Lamm," eeseabft , the owe davaire. tissue," a published ',my Tanday art Friday *W. is WIN kor - purt. • Ireturew.u.latorilel fur " [arras," Lemke Swain prom, sea be r tire I ram. le. UrrirverreArest, W dank ea Ow dff MON WATER AT LONDON DRIDOi. Tags DAT—Mama& la. ISsa.. .Atuwasea. 14.400. Tissoasaw—M4rensi. AftenhOol. 11. Um. LONDON, MONDAY. JANE:4RP 10. AN American Minister mud always be welcome in England, coming, as he must do, to represent in this country our nvarest and dearest relative in the brotherhood of nations. But at this moment to re ceive a new Ambassador from the United States is unusually gratifying, since he arrives at a moment when Free Trade has been finally and conclusively adopted as the policy of this country, and when wo are ready to place before him proof' so complete of the wisdom, justice, and advantage of commercial freedom that he cannot fail to join the ranks of the Free Traders, and aid in extending to his own country the benefits now overflowing ours. The welcomes given to Mr. INGERSOLL at Liverpool and Manchester have afforded public opportunities for drawing his attention to the fruits of tree Trade. In the quiet of his chamber he can con another ser mon on the same important text by referring to our Board of Trade returns just issued. Only in Great Britain and in the United Steins— where the collection of facts illustrating progress, if not always made by authority, is more complete than here—only where a nation is tolerably pros perous, can a government safely permit or a people tolerate the diffusion of facts, chewing the precise COD dition of a country. But no task is more pleasing to the journalist than that of duly recording a continual growth in all the elements of greatness; and no in formation more acceptable to the public than that which shows individuals prosperous and the nation advancing in power. For a considerable period bee that pleasing task now been the uninterrupted lot of our journalists ;—and though they may have feared much from revolutions, or chafed with indignation at the success of tyranny abroad,—may have bon alarmed at the possibility of Protection being rem tared at home, or felt degraded by the predominance of fully and charlatanism in high places,—they bayonet had to state that the revenue was falling off, trade de clining. and the people sinkin gin to paupsnam. England I which was supposed to have passed the climax of her weatne•s and he destined to decay, has for five years been an astonishing specimen of rapid, youthful growth, and of great, almost unalloyed, and unex ampled prosperity. Though the results of the Board of 'lnds tables, just publ ish ed for the eleven months of last year, have been forestalled by the circulars of the merchants, they claim notice, as fully confirm ing unofficial statements of national ty,—and as giving an explanation of some things which the circulars have left unexplained. From circulars and price-currents we had gathered the fact that our exports had gone on increasing to the end of the year, and that prices generally have risen in 1852: but it is from the Board of Trade tables that we have a test of the full effect of this combination of circumstances on the national wel fare. Tho striking fact stated in the tables, for November, is the increase in the declared value of I the exports for the month, as compared to Novem ber, 1831, oleo less than 91.4,4781. It is also an in crease as compared to the previous month, of no less than 1,247,0281. The figures are these : DICLAILED VALOR OP REPORTS. November. 1n52 £8,101,691 October 1862 _ - Noireval;or, 1851 This great increase is partly due to the increased quantities of commodities exported, showing an in creasing demand for our productions, and partly due to the rise in their price,showingthat the buyers have had to pay more for them, and that the export trade while it has increased, has become more profitable, We cannot divide equally the advantages between increased quantities and increased prices, but we as state, as spec►mens, a few particulars of both. The exports of the undermentioned articles in November, 1831, and November, 1832, with the per centage in crease in quantities and value in the latter were follows : Par the asap easteiP Wisatitiet tunas) Values Inertias Beer lB5l 1852 23, 16,3861a1s L 50,077 83 72 5 „ 46 ,208 44 Cotton lB6l 118,460,181yds 1,677,102 1862 :31,270,103 „ 1 8-10 1,907,632 13 Lesther,wrgt. 1851 117,61011. 24,736 1852 207,405 „ 76 40,912 70 Ina, ban 1853 49,196 „ 29 338,112 62 Bilk, thrown 1861 7,8201b0 6,218 18,52 36,837 „ 371 31,314 420 Wool 1852 1,079,18 i 48 61,778 2 72 Though there are exceptions, as the brief table shows, it holds true of the principal articles exported that there has been an increase in the price as well as the quantity, and the greatest increase in the quantities, of all the metals except tin, has accom panied the largest per oentage rise in price. After the enetals,:the increase is greatest in butter, cotton, ' haberdashery, of which only the value is given ; machinery and millwork, of whichalioonly the value is given—hemp and rapeseed oil, silk, particularly thrown silk, stationer), wool, woollens, except yarn, &c. There is &decrease inthe exports of refined sugar, salt, candles, cotton and woollen yarn, and some species of linen. Generally, however, there is an increase in quantity and in value. The activity of trade, we know, continued through the last month of the year, and, as prices continued to rise, we may anticipate a still larger increase in the value of the exports for December, 1852, above the value for De cember, 1851. Should that be so declared the value of the exports for the year enumerated in the trade tables,—which do not include the whole,—will not be much less than 67,000,00 W., it being for the eleven months 6.5,349,7981. against 63,314,2721. in the eleven months of 1861. In the imports, compared with the corresponding mouth of last year, there was a decrease in the ani mals, except sheep and calves, of ashes, clocks, flour, cotton manufactures and yarn, cochineal, madder, embroidery, dried fruits, guano, hemp, unwrought iron, oils (except olive), provisions of all kinds, silk manufactures, some spices, sugar, tallow, tea, &c. It must, however, be observed that the decreased im portations in the month are not always accompanied by decreased consumption. This is tho case, how ever, with respect to flour, tee, and sugar, but not with respect to tallow. At the same time there is an increase of almost all those articles except dried fruits, flour, sugar and tea, in the eleven months. and a largely increased consumption, which extended to tea and sugar, leaving the stocks of these two articles in the market consi derably diminished, and placing them in what the holders call a very favourable position. The price must rise to being larger supplies. All the other articles imported, such as bark, brimstone, cocoa, coffee, all kinds of grain, particularly wheat (405,131 quarters, against 133,864, inNovember, last year), flax, hides, gloves, most metals, rice, all kinds of seeds, silk, spirits, timber, tobacco, cotton, wool, exceeded in the month those of the corresponding month of 1851. Of such important articles as cotton, flax, hemp, silk, and wool, as they pay no duty, there is no account of the quantities consumed, but of most of the articles of which such an account is rendered, the consumption has surpassed the quan tities imported. It is supposed that this is very much the case with the other greet articles, particu larly wool, leaving the markets comparatively bare, indicating a further rise of prices, and promising without increasing export a great increase to the import trade of the present year. With rapidly increasing exports and imports, it is scarcely necessary to add that shipping has been well employed, and that there has been a general rise in freights. We may state, as an example, that in the early part of the year, a bushel of wheat could be imported from New York at 5d., and now it costs from 9d. to 10d. Other freights have risen in some similar proportion, and all the shipping of the world has been comparatively well employed. In the returns of the month, American shipping,—pro bably finding more profitable employment elsewhere, —entering both inwards and outwards, were of smaller ta n go than in November, 1851, while the shipping of Germany, sad of the north of Europe, generally bringing corn ant: Wither, and the shipping of Spain, and Italy, and Portugal, bringing wine, &c., have increased. The total of tonnage enteringlist wards in November, 1852, was 63.1,074, and dot: wards 488,206, against 593,133 Ind 434,6140 till November, 18.51. Of the total increase inifiards, 51,924 tons, the English/ tonnage was 10,111.9, and the foreign 44,906. Of the tetsl in. outwards, 54,692 tons, the English tonnage was 7,124, and the foreign 47,568. When we know that in the course of the year 230 ships of 158,341 tons have entered outwards for Australia more than in 1851, we cannot be much surprised that an increasing number of vessels, particularly if the north of Europe, should be employed in our trade. The very high rate of freights is a plain indication of a great demand for shipping, and it is admitted by Protectionist shipowners that we should have wanted shipping to carry on trade had the abolition of the navigation laws not enabled foreigners to help us. The toreign shipping. therefore, are only filling a natural vacuum, and doing for us what we could not have done without their assistance. At the same time, it must be remembered that the shipping of any country is that portion of its active capital most easily lent to foreigners and most easily abstracted from the Custom-house and other onerous regula tions of its native country, if that be despotic. The shipping of Prowls, of Austria, and of all the north of Europe, eon* thus to share in the commerce of the world, and, unimpeded by home restrictions, to participate in the advantages of Free Trade. Thus, while the foreign shipping helps us by bringing others into close relationship with us, we spread by its means a practical knowledge of the advantages of freedom, and help forward the liberation of all. Our abolition of navigation laws serves other nations, of which the Protectionists complain; but it also serves ourselves, and is promoting that general liberty which has,—as nobody knows better now than Pro tectionist shipowners,—• great pecuniary as well as • high moral value. MINISTERS have obtained their re-election as mem bers of the House of Commons, upon the faith of their promise to bring forward a measure of com prehensive Electoral Reform. No feeling of jealousy or distrust has been manifested towards them at the hustings by the more advanced section of the Liberal party. Their pledges, however general and vague,' have been accepted in good humour and good faith. No attempt has been made to exact definite terms, or to anticipate points of detail. They have asked for fair play and they have got it. They . have given an assurance that they were about to introduce a substantial and effective measure of Reform. They have spoken like men in earnest, and the people have believed them. I Hardly has a week elapsed, however, before side ter counsel, as to the meaning and effect of Ode pleclgee, begins to be offered them. There are newt wanting men ready to offer what they suppose I* be pleasant and prudent advice to men in hiloom a v hples affecting to mingle with the public out of professing to bring daily reports of the state of pope. lar feeling to their employers and patrons; while, is return, they undertake to convey mysterious hints till what is meant by my Lord, or intended by his Grace, sad to foreshadow, unofficially, the things which shall be hereafter. The fetchers and carriers of idle tea from the many to the few, and half-spoken thoughts from the few to the many, are ever ready to men 1 men in power that there is no pressing seed for change in any direction ; the mob do not murmur ; the thoughtful do not meet' discontent slumbers. Why not wait till it wakes P 1 It is the anodyne which sycophancy has at all times, and in all circumstances pressed to the lips of power, and which it requires no, ordinary firmness of pur pose and character steadily to reject. At the present 1 moment the shape which the insidious counsel as sumes is worthy of peculiar notice. Ministers are reminded that when they spoke of bringing in a new Reform Bill they were not asked to say—when f The parasites do not venture to say, in so many words, that this forbearance on the part of the people im plies total indifference upon the matter • but they treacherously suggest to Ministers that they IWO 11W committed as to time, and they indicate in various ways to those without that " my lords must hays Mime to consider, to digest, and to prepare their siesseres before they can be expected to prods* these To both they mutter—wait awhile; nothing h so bad as precipitancy. For the sake of the ABEaDerve-RUSSELL Adminie- 1 patios, and, what is still more important, he the sake of that public confidence in public son rm. rally which is essential to all well ordered worn ment in a free state—we trust that there is aosanse to fear, that the hollow and unsound commis we have named will be suffered to sway the collective mind of our rulers. It is too late for Ministers to ask, "Do the people desire electoral reform?" They have obtained their re-elections upon a positive pledge, that believing . such reform necessary, they were prepared to introduce a bill for the purpose. U there has been everywhere generous forbearance as to words and phrases, the obligation to fulfil in good faith all that was understood by their pep sins is rendered greater, not less, by the manner in i widrii they were received. The example afforded by the history of the late government is pregnant with warning. The Protectionists tried to get public esafidence by promisee of financial re-adjustment and taxation reform. They were suffered to take office without entering into any specific exposition of what their plan or project t. was to be. If any one ventured to doubt that knew what they meant, and meant what they said, he was reviled as a sceptic, incapable of appreciating the politicl vulgar vary of exalted station. And when the demand for time was made before their Ministerial projects should be divulged, though the plea segued was the amenity of first summoning a new Parliament, a great outcry wee raised against them for not first propounding their measures. What would have been said had Lord DERBY declared before taking office that he had not made up his mind as to any great change of taxation, and what would have been said if, claiming to have a majo rity in the House of Commons, he had told the country that he must take the autumn to think? The time that was given him was given distinctly upon the constitutional ground, and no other, that every Minister undertaking to govern has a ri ght to dissolve Parliament. But the moment the new Par liament met, the Tory Administration were called upon to declare in detail their intentions. Why? Because they assumed to have suf ficient influence in Parliament to carry out their distinctive views, and because the spirit of the constitution does not recognise the right of any set of men to force their way into office upon' wise of definite measures , the without being pre ea to introduce and carry them when they are 1 i installed. The only excuse for not doing so, las we have said, is that of being in a minority in a 'Parliament summoned by opponents or rivals. But that excuse the present Administration can hardly lay claim to. Its boast is that it is a strong govern ment—strong in parliamentary influence as well as ability. Its leading members, moreover, have pro fessed at the meetings that it has a strong desire and settled intention to remedy the hideous evils of intl. midation and corruption witnessed at last general election. Again and again we must repeat that Lord Joan Russell, and Sir JAMES GRAHAM, Sir CHARLES WOOD and SIR WILLIAM MOLESWORTH, have been suffered to pledge their word as men of honour that their colleagues in the Coalition Cabinet have agreed to the introduction of a comprehensive plan of Reform. The people believe that these gen tlemen spoke the truth, and they assented accord ingly to their resumption of the representative trust they had previously held. Will any ono who seriously values the honour or character of these statesmen pretend that they can consent to an inde finite adjournment of the whole question because a specific pledge was not exacted from them that the Bill for Electoral Reform should be brought in early in the session ? It will not do to pretend that the Tory members of the present Cabinet have not yet bad time to consider the question. If this means anything, it means that the great principles of electoral reform were not agreed upon when the Administration was formed —a supposition utterly inconsistent not only with the public professions already . adverted to, bat with all that we know and esteem in the life and conduct of men like Lord Jorm Russett. To aN. franchise and the abolition of nomination boroughs, u well as to some effective check upon bribery and intimida tion, the Secretary for Foreign Affairs is pledged— so is the First Lord of the Admiralty, so is the First Commissioner of Works, and so is the President of THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, JANUARY 10, 1853. the Board of Control. We do not behove that espy one *these, pliaistercb a capl e bln of I.ll.fa t flA t lrer to.msd s tett t e n ' the ign floor the y owe ° this H i eses o of Comm o n s is words spokes on the hustings. They sreepted cheers for those Weeds notoriously and undeniably because they wets understood to have need them in their plain and practical signification. The people do not understand pledges given in a non-natural sense. When they heat ministers say that thpy ate going to bring in a comprehensive Reform BM, the people do not underitand that the question is to be ad journed sine di.. An adjournment for six months is so considered in the House of Commons justly and naturally so, for who can tell what government will be in power or what condition of things may exist at the end of such a period. What then are we to think of the suggestion to shirk Electoral Reform not for six months but for twelve? Yet this is the counsel openly proffered by those who affect to speak the sentiments of the Con servative section of the Administration. FRANCE. PARIS, SATI7RIMT ETNNING. Baron de Waechter, resident Minister of the King of Wurtemberg, and M. de Wendland, Envoy Extra ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the King d Bavaria, have had audiences of the Emperor to pre sent their new letters of credence. A letter from Constantinople of the 26th ult., states that the packet which left on that day carried the letters accrediting Vely Pacha in quality of Arnhem sador from Turkey to the Emperor. The Monsteur contains the following article kit the purpose of showing the friendly feelings ente tained towards the French Emperor by the • Wurtemberg ss evinced by the Stutgardt declaring that it did not intend to charge the Frew* Afondewr with wilful falsehood: On receiving the news of the re-establishment of the empire, the King of Wurtemberg sent Baron de Spitsers berg, his grand chamberlain, to the Duke de Quiche, mi nister plenipotentiary of his Imperial Majesty at Stut gardt, to isongratulate him on that great event. The Mo »Wear having made known this circumstance, so conform able to the bonds of friendship which unite the two governments, the cabinet of iitutgardt thought it its duty to remark in the official journal of Wet. temburg, that " whatever might be the satisfied's with which the King had received the declaratiews of the Prince President on the occasion of his accession, it was not the intention of his Majesty to proceed to the re- 1 eegnition of the new French Empire without previously l sressulting the sovereigns his allies, and that the orden even to General de Bpitsambergeould only be conforms. ktiy to those intentions of his Majesty." This incident, ss simple in itself, having been misrepresented by a Steiger& jwarnal,and presented in an unfavourable light, the govern. emit of the King of Wurtemberg seised this opportuoity dgiving • fresh proof of the sentiments with which it is animated towards the Emperor and towards France by inserting in the official jour nal of the 2nd instant the following article : The journal Brabochter (No. 306), in its Paris article dated the 21st Deci ether, pretends, on the occasion of some re marks contained in the Wurtemberg Moniteur of the 15th Desember ma the communications made to the Dake de acidic by General de Spitzemberg, that the Wurtemberg Meedker bee dissovered a fresh falsehood on the part of the From& Acciago. It was only necessary to read with some attenelen the Wurtemberg Monitow to be convinced that is led no idea of accusing the French Moulton of falsehood. The ealy object of the &arts Arseiger was evidently to fix he the eyes of the public the bearing and the sense of what had taken place end had been related in the official part of the Moniteur, and thee top any false interpretation. The feet eves which is related in the Muniteur is not re lated in the Wartemberg Monsieur; this latter has still Les proteodat le gives it to be understood that the French Nrodiew ialeotieaslly distorted the truth, and bad 'd eemed • ffilesheed. It is only the Bodknehter, and if it is true In aiming the auras of its information, La Nation, who can complain of rendering themselves guilty of such a reproach towards the French government. A letter from Camel, of the 4th, states that the Elector, having no minister at Paris, has requested the French minister at Camel to communicate to the Emperor of the French the answer to the official notification of his accession. In this answer the Elector expresses his desire to see drawn still closer the friendly relations between France and Electoral Hem. The Moniteur pays that the Sultan, on the demand of the French, Ambassador, has permitted Abd-el- Bader to visit Constantinople, and will allow him to have an audience. It is stated that the measure relative to the re establishment of the cadre of reserve, is to be applied to the officers of the navy. The taking of &mans by the French is again denied denied by the government journals. The Pairse um: The American journals announce the taking pesseesion of &ssaa by a French squadron. This account is mapietsly him. The Sybills frigate, which bad gone for ••••••, is order to recruit the health of her crew, and whamming. at Hayti had given rise to the most exaggerated wisliewes, has returned to Martinique. No French vessel of war boo anchored in the Bay of Osman'. M. Fortoul, the Minister of Public Worship and Instruction went the day before yesterday to Anthem to examine the repairs going on at the cathedral there, and returned to Paris the same evening. News has been received this evening of the death of Madame Abbattucci, the wife of the Minister of Justice, who expired on the Ist of January, at Zicavo, in Corsica, in her 57th year. The ball to be given to the Emperor by the senate at the Luxembourg is definitively fixed for the 25th instant. After M. de Maur, prohibited the publication of M. Prondhon'a projected review, he applied to M. de Persigny to rise !w influence to obtain the removal of the prohibition, promising at the same time not to write against the imperial government. The Minis ter of the Interior inquired what, in that case, would be the object of his periodical P " I intend," said M. Proudhon, " first to demonstrate that catholicism is dead." The minister here stopped him, aid sitE k would be impossible to license - hie work. There is yet a higher authority to appeal to, sup letters by the post to reach their destination attheTscUeries as readily as in M. Proudhon's experience they for merly did at the Elysee. Apropos of M. Prondhon, a good deal of amuse ment has been excited in Paris by the report of a bid at Besancon, in which the celebrated author of "Le Propriete esti le vol" has been defeated in an ' attempt to establish a right of property in one of his men literary . works. M. Meunier de la Siseranne, a member of the Carps Legislatif for the department of the Drome, hes resigned his seat. A passenger by the American packet Isaac Bell l i rs oo r m l i i b e i en s arrested by the police at Have, and ft number of Socialist pamphlets, found is his ponsksion, were seized. Is compliance with the request of the Chamber of Commerce of Paris, the Emperor has made a decree kw increasing the numbers of that body from fifteen to twenty-one members. "There has lately been a rumour here," says the Gazette de Lyon, " of the purchase, by a high finan cial company, of the railways from Lyons to St. Etienne, St. Etienne to the Loire, and Andrezienx to Roanne. It is added that nothing is wanting to the conclusion of this treaty but the ratification of the general meeting of the shareholders and that of the State." A firm at Nantes has just ordered to be built four steam-boats, of 100-horse power each, to run between Nantes and Marseilles. M. Magne, the Minister of Public Works, yester day gave an audience to a deputation of commercial representatives, on the subject of the electric tele graph. The deputation consisted of Mr. R. E. Lee, representing Messrs. Willmer and Smith, telegraphic agents of London, Liverpool, and New York; and Mr. J. B. Mitchell, representing the British and North American Royal Mail Steam-ship Company (Cunard's line). The minister listened very atten tively to the statements laid before him by the depu tation, but observed that the subject was more imme diately connected with the department of the Minis ter of the Interior, than with his own. Considering, however, that the deputation had been introduced to him by the British ambassador, Lord Cowley, M. Magee politely undertook to present immediately to the Emperor a memorial on the subject, which had been drawn up by the deputation. The memorial has for its object to procure a relaxation - of the exist ing restrictions on communications by electric tele graph, more especially those which prohibit the use of abbreviations in the transmission of commercial mepages, and those which entirely close the bureaux against all business during the greater part of the night. - - - The funeral obsequies of Count Honor 6 de &nay were performed yesterday morning at the Church of the Madeleine. The count had been but just ap pointed to a poet in the household of Prince Jerome i f N e zieo t m he Th y a , Empei n or e se ee nt ie one o e f s his carriages carriage .g I two of his aides-decamp. Among the rms. of dis tinction present is the church were the Dukes de Cams and - de Valentinois, Counts Perignon and de Montbrieson, Baron de Lacroese, Generals de Bicard, It/gooalt de Saint-Jean-d'Aogely,. and Parchappe, Colonel Prince de la Moskowa, Prance de Montlard, Baron de Plug, the Marquis de Barbantane, Mar reetteaoissy, Marquis Agnado, and' X Thayer, neral of the Post-ofilee. The Debate alluding to the decree for modifying the duties on iron and coal says : The senditions of the tariff contained In the decree only re-establish for Belgian coal and iron the regime which had been momentarily aggravated by the decree of the 14th of September. The present decree is a return to the system of reciprocity which had from 1845 regulated our commercial relations with Belgium. Let us hope that the two governments will not stop there. and that still more liberal conventions will be established between two nations so well constituted for the exchange of their mutual pro ducts. The coal imported by the frontier use now forms nearly the four-fifths of our general importation. In 1851 there were 19,471,000 kilogrammes, against 5,248,000 kilo grammes imported by sea. The proportion was rather lees for iron; there were about 20,000 tons by lead, against 12,000 to 13,000 tons imported by sea. At the Bourse, to-day, business was done in the Three per Cents. at 80 f. 70c., and closed for the ac count at 80f. 80c. • Four per Cents., 99f. 25c. ; Four , and-a-Half per Cents., 105 f. 60c.; for account, 105 f. 70c. Bank Shares, 2,845. In railway shares : St. Germain, 1,375 f.; Orleans, New, 1,020 f. ; Versailles (left bank), 350 f.; Paris and Rouen, 995 L ; Strasburg ' and Bale, 3430 f. ; Northern, 865 f. ' • Paris and Sires ' burg, 875 f. 59c. ; Paris and Lyons , 905 f.; Lyons and Mediterranean, 752 f. 50c. ; Western, 736 f.; Caen and Cherbourg, 632 f. 50c.; Southern, 600 f.• Dijon and Besancon, 540 f. ; Dieppe and Fecamp, 335 ; Rouen and Havre, 517 f. 500. ; Paris and Soeanz, 150 f. ; Cen- E tral of Switzerland, 520 f. PARIS, SuNDLY EVENING. The Moniteur contains a decree directing that the elections for the eight vacant seats in the Corps Le gislatif shall take place on the 30th of January. These vacancies are for the Basses Alpes, in the room of M. Fortoul, appointed to functions incom patible with those of a deputy ; for the Cotes du Nord, in the room of M. Bigrel, also appointed to incom patible functions for the Eure end Loire, in the place of the Marquis d'Argent, deceased ; for the Gard, in the place of the Marquis de Colviere, resigned ; for the Ills et Vilaine, in the place of M. A. de Iterderel, resigned ; for Mayence, in the place of General Du vivier, deceased; for the Oise, in the place of the Duke de Mouchy, crested a senator ; and for the Bas 'thin, in the place of M. Becquet, appointed to in compatible functions. M. Monnier de Siseranne has written to the D4lxsts to contradict the report that he has resigned his seat. He did his utmost to oppose the alteration in the °Destitution, according to which the deputies are to be paid, but he does not think it his duty to resign in consequence. The Moniteur notices that M. Rimelef, who was bat a privy councillor, charged with the direction of the Russian embassy in Paris, was appointed envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, on the occasion of presenting his credentials, and that Baron de Schweizer, who was resident minister of the Grand Duke of Baden, was also promoted to the dig nity of envoy extraordinary and minister plenipoten tiary. The confirmed downward tendency of the Bourse is the source of great uneasiness at the Tuileries. The proclamation of the Empire itself was saluted by a fall, and since that event every occurrence cal culated upon as certain to lead to a great rise, has invariably failed to produce the clerked effect. The government journals are now at their wits' end for arguments to write up the funds, and for excuses to account for their going down. They recapitulate the blessings of a strong government, paint in appalling colours the bottomless pit of anarchy from which France was so happily snatched by the coup d'etat, talk of docks, harbours, railroads, new streets, and all the various sources of extraordinary ex penditure which it is now the fashion to hold up as evidence of present wealth, but all in vain. They cannot scold the capitalist into confidence, nor persude the watchful speculator that the tide of reaction, after the unhealthy and artificial rise of last year, has not steadily set in. Yesterday indeed, for the first time during the week, there was a considerable rise in the " Recites." The Three per Cents. rose 90c., and the Four-and-a-Half 60c., but this was not owing to the logic of the Journal de I' Empire, but to the exhibition of a placard stating that, from the 10th to the 15th of January, the (Jaime des Depots and Consignations would buy 300,000 fr. Three per Cents. daily. The fillip givea by this announcement produced a sudden roe, the " Bears" got frightened, everybody gave orders to buy, and one of those " runs" took place which will con stantly occur in a speculative market, without refer ence to its normal tendency. This, however, is pretty conclusively shown by the fact that from Nov. 8, 1852, the day on which the ascensional movement reached its culminating point to the 7th of January, 1853, the Three per Cents. fell 8 per cent. There were, of course, daily fluctuations, the government prints triumphed in every rise, and ingeniously ex plained every fall as proceeding from temporary calms, but every half-monthly settlement closed lower than the last, and in the result nearly half the amount of that rise of the first ten months of the year 1852, upon which the government so greatly plumed itself, has melted away. The Pays now says that the fall is attributable to the wide spread mania for speculation. This is true, but not in the sense which the Pays means. The fall is the natural consequence of the fictitious rise. But a few months since the whole resources of the state were applied to generate the wild spirit of speculation now complained oL Hire ling writers ewe employed to exaggerate the na tional resources, to distort the acts of former govern ments, and to promise universal prosperity in return for support to the new political system. At the same time, every independent voice was silenced. Fine, imprisonment, confiscation, banishment, awaited any journalist who should dare to expose the fallacy of these brilliant anticipations. The extraordinary suc cess of the coup d'etat encouraged people to back the luck of the fortunate gambler who had played so bold a game. It was soon perceived that he was determined by all and every means to screw up the funds, and it was believed that he would succeed. It became known that mi nisters, their clerks, their friends and dependents, played at the Bourse, and the example was speedily followed. Thousands who had nothing last spring found themselves rich men in the summer, by the simple operation of making fictitious purchases of " rented " and railway shares. As the reports of the fabulous sums gained spread abroad, the mania became general. Everybody gambled and everybody won. The Pays then said nothing about undue speculation, but wrote articles to prove that the funds were by no means high enough, and that they ought at least to attain quotations of Louis Philippes time. So things went on till the beginning of No vember, when the corporation of stock brokers began to think that the day of reckoning was draw ing nigh, and that, however pleasant it might be to do an immense amount of business, it was time to ascertain how many of their clients were solvent. They enforced, or least threatened to enforce, a standing rule that they would do no busi nese in railway shares for "the account" without a deposit of 150 h.. per share. This bare announcement sufficed to scare away the herds of "stags" that thronged the temple of fortune in the Rue Vivienne, and from that hour the fall set in which has ever since continued. Speculation, and des perate speculation too, still goes on, but it is conducted for the most part by men who have, at least, something to lose. Had the original rise been a legitimate one there would be every reason why public securities should be higher now than in No vember. The government, which was then in em bryo, is now matured, it has been established with a singular absence of any untoward accidents, it is re cognised by all the powers of Europe, the consti tution is settled, the working classes are fully employed, commerce is fairly prosperous, and the revenue returns are favourable. But the prestige of the Emperor's power to raise the funds is at an end, the gamblers who yet haunt the Bourse have turned about, and expect to win by following the fall, 88 they formerly followed the rise. Capitalists know that the former high prices were forced and unnatural, and seeing that the current of the public mind has changed, they have not sufficient confidence to support the market. The excitement with which the magic process of rearing the present political fabric was watched is wearing away ; the time for sober reali- ties is at hand, new taxes are seen " looming in the fature." and it is felt that light must shortly be let in upon a financial system which is not supposed to be eery well able to bear it. The same official journal contains a decree authorising, for the year 1853, the diocesan synods and the metropolitan councils. Also, the following magisterial nominations M. de Foully, President of the Court of First Instance of Pithivres, to be Coun sellor of the Iniperial Court of Orleans ; M. Lehup, to the post vacated by the promotion of M. Peaty, with sundry other appointments of minor impor tance. A report has been presented to the Minister of Marine and the Colonies, by M. Legrand, the en gineer charged to explore the forests of Algeria, with a view of procuring a supply of timber for the purposes of the royal navy, in which report it is stated that in one particular district, the province of Con stantine, the woods are particularly rich, and admi rably suited for maritime purposes, but that great difficulties at present exist in the way of constructing roads and ensuring transit. These, however, M. Legrand hopes speedily to overcome. Other districts, also abounding in fino shipbuilding timber, are shortly to be surveyed. SWITZERLAND. The Direction of Justice and Police of the Canton of Berne has replied as follows to the circular from the Federal Department of Justice and Police, direct ing investigations to be made with respect to clan destine printing establishments in which numerous Implies of Victor Hugo's pamphlet, " Napoleon lu I'o tit," were supposed to have been produced: Most honoured gentlemen—ln accordance with demands expressed in our confidential letter of the 10th December, the Direction of Justice and Police of the Canton of Berne immediately obtained all the required information by ap plying to all the printers and booksellers of the Canton. It has the honour to communicate the result to you. The pamphlet called "Napoleon le Petit," which is specially referred to, was not printed in the Canton of Berne. French and German editions of the work were, however, sent for Morat, Bremen, or Brussels to some bookseller,, who announced them, and offered them for sale. It appears, from the statement of the bookseller Burgdorfer, and of Pauli, one of the editors of the Berner Zeitwsg, that a German translation appeared at Morat, and it was sent to the same bookseller by Dr. Pohl, formerly a refugee residing in that town. It was declined by M. Bens, bookseller and lithographer at Bienne. This person received, some time ago, a proposition from Chau: de Fonds to print 6,000 copies of "Napoleon le Petit," but his reply was of such a nature that the proposition was not fol lowed up. The signature of the letter containing the offer was, however, illegible, and the address of the reply may consequently have been inexact. It must now be added that according to the existing laws neither a pa tent nor an authorisation of the police is re quired to establish a printing-office in the canton of Berne ; from which it follows that the expression, " clan destine printing•office," has no meaning in law. It must, besides, be mentioned that, according to the existing laws, the cantonal authorities cannot officially prosecute • publication offensive to a foreign government when sold or even printed in the Canton ; that is a fact of which the fede ral authorities cannot be ignorant. The undersigned direction believes that it has by this communication replied to your demands. It will consider itself happy if it has thereby contributed to restrain the bad press within certain limits. It cannot, however, dissimulate that the object, which the authorities of the Canton of Berne propose to themselves, not only with respect to foreign couctries, and without being excited by them, but also in what concerns the interior, and by a sentiment of duty is singularly em barrassed by the delay in giving a sanction which has been expected for several months from the Federal authorities ; so that it would be very difficult for it to second better designed measures. Nor will it refrain Ifrora say ing that it has been profoundly offended at the manner in which certain newspapers appearing in or out of the canton, and which are generally considered as semi official, or which, in any case, by their frequent communi cations, betray their intimate relations with official people, have presented this affair. They have made it the pretext for placing the government of Berne in suspicion, as if it had complacently ordered these measures ; whereas it is entirely a stranger to this affair, and up to this hour has not yet received communication of the French note, announced on the 29th November. In this state of things, you will not consider strange the declaration by which the under signed direction terminates this reply : namely, that for the future, it is not to it that demands similar to those con tained in the letter of the 10th December should be ad dressed, for it can only carry out the instructions, and obey the orders it may receive from the cantonal government. It seises this occasion, &c. BUILLEII, Director of Justice and Police. Berne, 22nd December, 1852. ITALY . PIEDMONT. In the sitting of the 4th, the Chamber of Deputies of Turin voted the bill for the Genoa and Voltri Rail road. The budget of the war department (artillery) was then brought forward. On the item of 323,3001 r. for the manufactory of arms being proposed, M. Va lerio moved that the sum be increased to 530,000 fr., in order to introduce modern improvements in the construction of muskets. General Lamarmora, Minis ter of War, objected to the increase, stating that the government magazines were stocked with muskets i in the proportion of three for every soldier, and that he did not think improvements should be adopted until experience had demonstrated their excellence. The original motion was then agreed to. The whole budget of artillery amounts to 3,203,273 fr. The King of Sardinia has appointed a military tutor for his son in the person of General Rossi, a distinguished officer, universally respected for his scientific attainments and moderately liberal opinions. FLORENCE. DEATH OF THE PRISONER MADIAI. Oar correspondent. writing from Turin on the 6th inst., confirms the report of the death of the unfortunate prisoner Madiai in the prison at Flo rence. Our correspondent adds : "As there is no coroner's inquest, nor any efficient guarantee that foul•play has not been used, the Tus can authorities are liable to the worst suspicions, though, of course, it would be un charitable and even unjust to give them much weight, if free access has been allowed to the unfortunate man for some time previous to his death ; if not, many here, and probably many more in England, will suspect some jesuitical machinations to get rid of a living witness and victim of the spirit of re ligious intolerance in the 19th century. AUSTRIAN ITALY. The statement relating to Radctsky which we lately gave from the Opinione is thus reproduced in the Gasette de &woo : The reed of Marshal Radetsky and his pretended dis grace has been so long talked of that the renewal of this ru , mons at present must be received with great reserve. Nevertheleu there are now some iniications whitt appear to add to the probability of such an event. In feet, the son of the old marshal, who is much beloved by him, has just been placed en disportisilit. The marshal is to proceed to Vienna shortly, they say, to receive the title of prince, and not return any more. General Benedick will, it is believed, succeed him, but in some of his attributions only, for it seems that the Austrian government intends to name a viceroy. The late executions at Mantua are stated to have been the cause of some dissensions, arising from counsels of clemency which the marshal is said to have given in vain. GERMANY. On Friday the Second Prussian Chamber met, and proceeded to the election of its President. The can didates were M. do Schwerin and M. de Kliest- Rezow. M. do Schwerin, the liberal candidate, and President of the Second Chamber last year, was elected for the remainder of the present session. This is the first victory of the liberal party in the new chamber. The First Chamber met on the Sth, and re-elected Count von Rittberg its president. Letters from Heidelberg state that some stir had been caused in that university by the seizure, on the part of the police, of all the obtainable copies of Gervinns' new book, " An Introduction to the His tory of the Nineteenth Century," which is published at Leipsic. It was said that the public prosecutor was to proceed legally ag dust the professor for exciting to the violent overthrow of the institutions of the state. The Alugsbury Ga:ctte learns that the coronation o! the Austrian Emperor is to take place in May. In conformity with the theory of a one and indivisi ble monarchy, which has been so strenuously main tained under the present sovereign, the custom of repeating the coronation in Hungary and Italy will be broken upon the approaching occasion. The Austrian Ccrrespondence, the semi-Acid character of which is well known, has an article upon the recognition of the French empire. Speak ing of this diplomatic act as already performed, the writer says that it was necessary to stipulate for the maintenance of .interuational treaties, but that this point settled, the course of events might be wauled with tranquillity. To the objection founded on t h e incompatibility of the origin of the new government, with the monarchical prin c iple in France and other countries, the writer replies that neither aualogies nor sympathies determine alliances between govern. ments, but political and material interests, which are capable of becoming bonds between governments founded on the most divergent principles. It is true that the prestige of duration is wanting to the pre.. • sent government of France, but then it is th e fi rst time that in France the revolution has been purged out of the constitution. The Frankfurt Post Gazette states that the Austrian government desiring, in acknowledging th e French Emperor, to escape from the use of certain forms of expression which the practice of modern diplomacy has consecrated, drew up its recognition of Louis Napoleon in Latin. SPAIN. The Madrid Gazette of the 2nd publishes a rot* decree, fixing the 4th of February for the eleetiOns for the Cortes. The Diario gives an account of the state of rail. way enterprise in Spain. It appears from it that, in 1852, the following lines were conceded to compani es or individuals : Barcelona to Tarragona; Seville to Cordova and Andujar ; Alcazar de San Juan to Ciudad Rial ; Mataro to Aveyns ; Tarrogona to Reus ; Almansa to Jativa; Seville to Cadiz; Murcia to Almeria; Cordova to Malaga; Barcelona to Mar toren ; Moncada to Sabadell ; Saragossa to Bareo. lona; Martorell to Rens. Before 1852, the lines open were Barcelona to Mature, and Madrid to Aranjuez; and in 1852 the lines opened were Gras to Valencia, Sills, and Benefago; and Langres to Gijon. By a decree in the Gazette, the metrical decimal system, which was to have come into operation in Spain in January, 1853, is postponed to January, 1854. The Espana publishes a letter addressed by Mr. ‘Veisweller, in the name of the English committee of the holders of Spanish Bonds, rempltnlating the claims of these parties on the Spauish Govern ment. MON TENEGRO. The Vienna Lloyd states, as a rumour current in Constantinople, that a Russian note had been sent to the Sultan, proffering mediation in the affairs of Montenegro, which had been declined, the 'Turkish sovereign being determined to make good his nth°. rity over the rebellious mountaineers. Commercial letters, according to the Cologne Ga. site, report the arrival of the Turkish naval expedi tion against Montenegro, on the Daimatian coast, near Dalcigno. The vessels appeared to be very strongly manned. The date of the arrival or of the letters is not stated. Letters from Mostar, the capital of Herzegowina, describe the great activity of the Turkish commanders there and in Bosnia. Their preparations, however, appear to be of a defensive character, and to be cal. culated chiefly to prevent a junction of the &seen tented rayahs with the Montenegrins. The governor, Churchid Bache, having attempted to conciliate the Christians by permitting them to bury their dead with public funeral rites, had enraged the old Mussulman party, who swear that they will have revenge. ALGERIA. A letter from Algeria, in the ..ifoniteur de r Armee, says : On his return from Laghouat, General POiseier arrived before Ain Madhi on the morning of the 17th ult. The Marabout Tedjini, who had been apprised of the intended visit of the general, came to the gates of the town on foot, attended by the members of his religious sect, to receive him. The Marabout was very respectful and courteous. ' Although he has frequently received the visits of the French authorities, this is the first time he has ever come to meet them. General Pelisier, with his staff, break fasted with Tedjini, and remained with hint for two hours. The reputation fey sanctity, and the mysterious and retired life of the Marabout, add much to the general feeling entertained by the natives of his capacity. His resistance to Abd-el-Kader, besides, proves hint to be a man of no common stamp, and the ramifications of his sect give him extended relations in Morocco, and even in Egypt. He keeps no a very voluminous correspond ence, and possesses an extensive and well-arranged library. He several times repeated to General Pilissier that he had never ceased to pray for the success of the French, and that he considered them as the real pacificaters of the desert. He expressed it as his opinion that the Mozabites, sac. rounded as they are by tribes under French dominion, would soon voluntarily come and make their submission. The town of Ain Madhi is well built, and surrounded by such good walls that it would coat the lives of many men to take it by force. It is situated on a small hill, and per fectly commands every approach to it. It is not, therefore, surprising that it withstood all the attempts of Alsi-el- Kader to gain possession of it. THE DARIEN SHIP-CANAL The attention of the leading merchants and .0* tidbits of Great Britain has been for some months turned towards a scheme for the junction of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, by means of a ship canal to be cut through the Isthmus of Darien, - between Port Escosses on the Atlantic and San Miguel on the Pacific. The parties who have ao corded their support to the project include many of the most well known commercial, financial, and poli tical names, and it appears that considerable progress has been made in the requisite arrangements. A full preliminary concession has already been obtained from the republic of New Granada; a report has been pinsented by Messrs. Lionel Gisborne and Henry C. Porde, civil engineers, who were specially deputed to make a preliminary survey of the proposed route; an extremely interesting pamphlet upon the sOjec t has just been published, written by Dr. Edward Cullen ; and the whole of the documents and plans have been privately circulated amongst the most in fluential merchants of Great Britain. The routs proposed is the shortest yet discovered, being only 39 , miles across. The concessionaires are Sir Charles Fox, Messrs. John llenderson and Thomas Brassep and Dr. Cullen. In the report addressed to these gentlemen by Messrs. Gisburne and Forde, three modes of effecting the inter-oceanic communication aro presented, calculated to cost 12,000,0001., 7,000,0001., and 4,500,000/. respectively, but for the two last namedsums only a very inefficient canal could be constructed, involving the necessity of locks, and mechanical appliances on an immense scale. This great undertaking, however, is not to be at once definitivele , brought ferward for public support. It appears that its prenioters, duly impressed with the magnitude of the enterprise, feel the necessity of proceeding with every possible caution, and thus we hear it has been determined to have full corrobora tion of the surveys and plans before any attempts made to carry out the project. In this sense, it is stated a preliminary association will shortly be brought forward to raise 7.5,0001., which sum will be applied to depositing the caution money with the government of New Granada, making a mule road across the proposed route, and making a second sur vey on the most detailed scale. The subscribers to this fund, it is .stated, will have a prior claim to the shares in the great ship canal; and as, it is under stood, a great number of influential names has already been placed on the subscription list, only small proportion of this 73.0001. will be raised from tho general public. It would appear that the cos mopolitan character of the work is to be fully recog nised, and that, consequently, the co-operation of the chief commercial nations of the world will be enlisted in its support. It is even stated that measures will be adopted for obtaining direct assistance, probable in the shape of a guarantee on a portion of the capital. or the absorption on favourable terms of a pornon of the shares, from great commercial states, including more especially Great Britain, France, and the United States. In accordance with the provision' of the Clayton and Bulwer treaty, the governments of Great Britain and the United States will probably extend their joint protection to any company under taking the construction of a ship canal, and Dr. Cul len states that the work will most likely' be united British and American enterprise. or the present, however, as already stated, only tt prelimi nary subscription list is to bu formed, to raise the comparatively insignificant sum of 73,0001., of which a large portion will be subscribed by the promoters, with a view to definitively maturing all the requite arrangements for this great commercial enterprise. It is also confidently expected that a more minute examination of the route will show the formation of the country to be such that a great reduction may be made front the estimates hitlicitu formed as to the cost of the work. ga; va tee shi illl