The Express. — London, England, 1848-01-11 00:00:00

trbt court. WINDSOR. MONDAY.—Her Majesty and Prinoe Albert, accompanied by the Priam of Wales, Prince Alfred, the Princess Royal, the Princess Align, sad the Princess gilena left the Castle this afternoon for Claremont. The ro d suite consisted of the Lady in g attses c imi ging4. the Lord in Waiting, the Marquis °monde ; the 'Keeper of her Majesty's Privy Purse, r.M G. B. Anson ; t ga Equerries in Waiting, Major-General Wemyss and Col. Seymour; and the Master of the Household, General Bowles. The august party quitted the Castle at a quarter before three o'clock, in several carriages and four, escorted by a party of -el Regiment of Horse Guards. eh; Royal The Chancellor of the Exchequer and Lady /dary Plod returned to their residence in Downingatreet yester day, from • visit to the Marquis and Marchioness of Lane dome, at Bowood Park, Wilt.. His Excellency the Mexican Minister has left town for the Continent. TOWER WARD - ELECTION OF AN ALDERMAN. _ _ Yesterday a wardmote of the ward of Tower was held in Bakers' Hall, Herp-lane, for the parpou of eleeting an &Merman in the room of Matthiae Prime Luca., Esq., deceased. At three o'clock the Right Hon. the Lord Mayor took the chair, and proclamation having been made in the usual manner, Mr. SIMPSON proceeded to address the meeting. He con 'reedlike' them on being presided over by a gentlemen who, during his short tenure of office, had given such decided proofs of urbanity and attention to the duties of the mayor alty. He (Mr. Simpson) bad been selectee for the duty he was about to perform on the ground of being, with one or two exceptions, the oldest inhabitant of the ward, having lived among them man and bey upwards of 54 years, and never Wittig been during that loag period absent from the ward for more than a month at a time. He regretted, m all who heard him must do, the death of the l amen ted gentleman whose place they were about to supply. 'lie bad known that gentleman from his earliest days, and considering the education he had received be book upon him as little less than a prodigy. The late Alderman Lucas had, at a time when the country war threatened with invasion, organised a force on the river Thames, call. d the River Feucibles, and, under the auspices of the government, exerted himself continuously and sue. woefully for the safety of the city. (Hear, hear.) In 1819 Alderman Lucas was chroeu deputy, and, in 1821, alder man of the ward of Tower, and in both capacities had he distinguished himself by unceasing attention to the duties of his office. His successor, consequently, would have an onerous duty to perform, and it was, therefore, with great pleasure that he (Mr. Simpson) proposed Thomas Quested Finnis, Esq., as a fit and proper rson to represent the ward in the Court of Aldermen. ( Cheers.) A week since he had heard that a stranger was coining amongst them, but be supposed that their influential requisition had frightened him, as there were no symptoms of his coming to the scratch. (Laughter.) Mr. Fiunis was one of themselves — one who had lived amonget them for thirty.four years, whom they well knew, and, therefore, whom they could entirely depend on. (Hear, hear.) He was a man who had received a sound mercantile education, and who, having been chosen deputy of the ward in 1837, hail ever since distinguished hires. lt by his talent, energy, and devotion to the business of the ward. He, therefore, with out a shadow of hesitation, named Mr. Finals, as a gentle man most worthy the suffrages of the electors. Mr. M. CLARK had great satisfaction in seconding the nomination, and be did so on no light grounds. Mr. Finnis had come into the ward in 1814. and had served his appren ticeship with credit to himself ; so much so, that within six months of its expiration his ma-ter handed the entire busi• pewterer to him. (Hear, hear.) He had entered the com mon council is 1833, and in consequence of the age end in firmities of the late Alderman Lucas had almost ever since, as deputy, transacted the principal businessof the ward. Mr. Finnis had also been chosen as chairman of the City Lands Committee, an office which tcstifi .d the high place he held in the estimation of the corporation. (Cheers.) He (Mr. Clark) hail been 40 years in the ward, in 38 of which he had carried en bueieess, and therefore he trusted his opinion would be allowed to have some weight wile the electors. He had thought it his duty, previous to his seconding the nomination of Mr. Finale, to ssk that gentleman a few questions respecting his family and connexion*, and hal been happy to find that they were both in the highest degree respectable. Mr, Finials came of an ancient Kentish family; his father had been a magistrate of Hytl.e for 50 wear, and his eldest brother, a captain in the navy, was killed in action on en American hike. So great on that occasion had been his I valour, and so distinguished his conduit, that the American I commander sent home his sword to be kept as a memento I by the family. (Cheers.) Another brother was a major in the Indian army, au(' his sister had married Major Lynch, who fell at the storming of Badajez. That distinguished officer bequeathed to his country eleven acne, wholly uuprovided for, and of these seven were provided for by Mr. Finnis and his family. (Hear, bear.) He mentioned these facts to show that he had not proposed Mr. Fannie without having fi:st ascertained that by property and station he was calculated worthily to fill the aldermanic dixnity. He did not think that classical attainments and liters. y taste were what were wanted in an alderman of the City of London. (Hear, hear.) Whet they wanted was a man of sound judgment, aptitude for business, and quick perceptive powers. For all practical purposes he considered that the possession of such powers gave the hest augury of success ; he considered them to be possessed in an eminent degree by Mr. Finnis, and therefore he had the greatest pleasure in seconding his nomination. Mr. BARKLEY, who stated himself to be an inhabitant of thirty years' standing, wished,before the nomination was pat from the chair, to ask Hr. Fiunis three questions. He was not willing to depend on the professions of any man, seeing that the late Alderman Lucas, having every year a pre sentation to Christ's Hospital had, for the last twenty )ears, invariably given it out of the ward. (Hear, hear.) The Lotto MAYOR called Mr. Berkley to order. The question was the nomination of Mr. Finnis, not the conduct of their late alderman. Mr. BARKLEY would then proceed to ask his questions, which he put out of no hostility to Mr. Finn* as it was his intention to support that gentleman. He wished first to know whether, if it were proposed to give the aldennanic office a tenure of three years instead of a life tenure as at present, Mr. Finnis would support that motion ? Secondly, whether he would, of the patronage of his office, presenta tions to Christ's Hospital and elsewhere, dispose e fair por tion within the ward? Thirdly, whether, if he should become, by pecuniary embarrassment or the infirmities of ewe, unfit for the dules, he would he willing to reeien his gown, on being called en to do AO by his constituents ? Mr. FINNIS said that hie Mend Mr. Barkley had known him fur fourteen years, and therefore meet have known that in the common council he had resolutely refused to pledge himself to any particular line of conduct. He still retained the same views, and therefore he had no hesitation in telling his friend that while in the matter of patronage the ward should have his first consideration, he would not by a pledge preclude himself from giving part of it else where, ehould it be required by a meritorious object. (Hear.) On the question of retirement in the event of C ar d eZ led or i, il un d a t l . h p e r s e h se o n u , l_d p. el ti s o u n l , t . t.h d oz k g i u n i s. d l e f , r i Ix: who by their advice. On no other understanding would he hold office, which he did not seek with any views of revsonsl aggrandisement. 110 had no family to serve, and tneref arc his whole object would be the efficient discharge of the duties of his office. (Cheers.) The LORD MAYOR then put the question, which was car ried unanimously ; after which his linenhip d. dared Thomas Quested Esq , to have been duly elected alderman of the ward. Mr. FINNIS returned his warm thanks for the honour conferred, and nominated Mr. Selson as his deputy for the ensuing year. A vote of sympathy and condolenot with the family of the late alderman was then put and agreed to, after which thanks were voted to the Lord Mayor, and the wardmote terminated. FATAL ACCIDENT AT THE NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY STATION.—INQUEST. An inquest was held yesterday, at the University College Hospital, before O. I. Mille, EA., deputy coroner for Middlesex, on the bo ' yof John Shea , one of the labourers who were cru-hed under the mass of brickwnrk that gave way on Thursday last, at the Euston- square terminus of the Birmingham Railway. The jury having been sworn, pro ceeded to view the body; on their return — Charlotte Glass, one of the nurses, was called and sworn. The witness stated that the deceased, John Shea, was under her care in the hospital, and that he died on the 7th irea.. at half-past three, a.m. He was brought into the hospital on Thursday, the 6th info., a little before eleven a.m. Seve ral other w unded men were brought in at the same time. Two other* besides deceased were placed under the care of wrote s. The deceased said very little whibt. living. Ile observed that he could tell nothing of the way the accident happened: it was so sudden. His spine and ribs were broken. He blamed no one as having occasioned his death. He could talk intelligibly and rationally. The other two men under witness's care were very badly bruiac4 and wounded. Mr. Parke, one of the hospital surgeons, was present at thepost modem examination of the body. Mad previously visited the deceased, and found that he had sustained severe internal injuries, several of which were in vital parts : several of the ribs were broken in two places. Therewas considerable hemorrhage in the cavity of the cheat. There was a double fracture of the spine : the third and fourth dorsal verrebne wire disjointed, and there was a displacement beta en the last dorsal vertebne and the lumbar. There were, emissive fractures at the base of the skull a xtending to the jaw-hones, which were also broken. The eye was injured, and exten sive bruises existed all over the body. The hemorrhage in the cavity of the chest was the immediate cause of death. The deceased made no statement of the cause of the acci dent. In tact, he was not in a fit state to question. Wit- ness could not say how many men were brought at first to the hospital, for some were taken away. Eleven of them remained, three of whom were under the care of wit. news, all of whom were progressing towards recovery . save one, whose ribs being fractured, had caused inflammation of the lungs, and consequently placed him in great danger. Some of the injured men were fit to give evidence,and would do so. John Hickman was a bricklayer in the employment of Mr. Cubits. Was on the scaffold when the accident hap. paid. It was at seven in the morning of the 6th inst. The deceased was also in Mr. Cubitt's employment. He was a hodsman, carrying mortar to the bricklayers at the time the wall fell. Shea was a sober man. Witness never heard him object to the manner iu which the work was carrying on U being unsafe or too rapid. Witness was standing on the scaffold, when he saw something moving at the wall which WAS being built. He immediately ran to the other and of the scaffold, towards the corner of the party wall. lie thew found that the whole of the new wall mid pillars had sunk down together. He was not injured. Heamisted in getting the men out from under the mosso( Whim The scaffolding was sound, and such as was usually esmairected for the men to work on. The wall and plum all went to gether in one mess. The party walls did not give way. There were ten pillars ; bat no timber in the wall. Witness objected to any portion of the work as it prooseded, either on the wore of too much haste or hadnesaof the mate- rule ; nor did he ever hear Shea or any of the labourers ob ject. The pillars were soundly built, and had set and hardened before the wall was built on them. The best bricks and cement were used. The Coroner here warned the witness that it was neces sary, for his own future safety and to prevent future acci dents, that the whole truth should be stated respecting the manner in which the wall was being constructed. Witness continued: He considered the work to be suite infe. The wall which fell was being constructed upon the pillars Pamela which were thrown across. This part of the evidence, however, was subsequently better detailed by the foreman sad draughtsman of the works. Witness had no hesitation at all in stating all the facts that he knew. The pillars were 2 feet 4 inches in diameter, and 19 or 20 feet high. Never saw a job executed with sounder materials. Could say nothing about the cause of the wall and pillars giving way. The scaffold did not help to bring down the wall. If he had to work spin on a similar building could offer no sugges two by which a similar accident could be prevented. Did not see the wall actually fall—it was so sudden. The acci dent might have arisen from the too great weight of the wall upon the pillars. The latter were all level--resting on solid pedestals. Edward Scanlan: Was a labourer in Mr. Cubitt's em ploy ; was employed at the scaffolding of the wall that fell when the accident happened. (The witness, who is a patient in the hospital, was very severely bruised about the face and head, and appeared to suffer from debility.) The scaffold ing was well and properly constructed and quite safe. He had never objected to the mode of carrying on the work. Had no cause to do so. Mr. Cubitt was often down at the works, inspecting their progress. Mr. Butterwick, the foreman of Mr. Cubitt, was also frequently there. Witness saw nothing of the deceased at the time of the accident, nor had he seen any one respect ing it since. Was at work on the place when the pillars were built. The materials were all good. Never saw any bad bricks. The workmen also were all good and expe rienced. Could form no idea how the accident happened. The foundations and the pillars on them were the supporta of the wall that fell. There had been plenty of time for the supports to become consolidated and hard. If he were told to go to work again on a similar wall ho should do so, nor oould he offer any suggestions either as to she materials or the time given them to consolidate. He could find no fault at all; nor did he know any one wise could tell how the accident occurred. This witness also spoke u to the archi tectural data* which other more competent ones afterwards deposed to. James Stevenson was a foreman of the bricklayers in Mr. Cubitt's employment. Had been in that gentleman's service for 28 years. The work on which the deceased was engaged was based on a strong foundation, seven feet thick. Upon this came the pedestals for the pillars, which pedestals were of the same thickness as the foundation ; they were 5 feet high, and the materials were the beat bricks and cement. Upou them were placed the pedestals 30 feet high, all on the !same level at the base and summit. The bricksueed were the best picked stocks ; the cement was in the pro- portion of rather more than two measures of cement to one of sand. The pillars were solid and seasoned before the wall I war begun. The pedestals were commenced building on the 21st October and finished on the 30th. The pillars were begun on November it and finished on the 22nd. They were all carried up to the same level in order to receive the stones from which the arches destined to support the wall were to spring. The pillars were ranged by pairs, a space of 18 or 20 inches existing between each pair. They were placed in pairs at right feet distance. There IMO eight eolumns; the stones forming their summits were Bound. The arches extending from one set of pillars to the next set were commenced on Dec. 11. Witness could not tell the reason why a continuous wall was not built, instead of arches. He only obeyed his orders, and built according to the plans and drawings that were laid down fur him. The arches springing from each pair of pillars were to sup port the weight of a wall of 75 fret in height. The arches were 18 inches in thickness of bricks. The spring of the such between the pillars was 12 inches. The Coroner • Wu not that unusual ? Wituess: No. fil.ad frequently superintended similarly constructed walls oft arches. There were iron hands which locked together and strengthened the work. The height of the wall was 76 feet, the thickness above the pillars 5 feet 4 inches, and then, after 3 feet, it was reduced te 2 feet 8 inches, at which thickness it ea continued to the top course. The work was not contract work between Mr. Cubitt and the workmen. They were paid the best wages (53. 61. a day), in order to have the work well done. No man ever came and said there was danger. He could not account for the falling in of the wall. He would build again s similar wall. lie had no fear on the subject. Could not imagine the cause of the accident. Was constantly about the work whilst it was proceeding. Had been at the wall two minutes before it fell. There were no means of judging where it first gave way. Had examined the ruins, butcould form no judgment from them es to this circumstance. The bricks were all sound ; none of them were crushed by the fall. Could not tell whether the wall in falling brought the I pillars down with it, or whether it was the pillars yielding that brought down the wall. Could suggest no means, nor offer any advice, to prevent a similar accident. Had formed no idea of what the weight pressing on the arches and pillars was. Mr. Robert Butterwick called—Witness is general fore man of the works at Mr. Cubitt's. The wall in ruins was executed on what is termed " day work." Mr. Cubitt had a contract with the railway company, but made none with his men, or as to materials. The directions were to use the very best materials ; there was no stint in soy respect. The men had ss. 6d. a day wages, Had never apprehended danger from the building. Was on the scaffolding with the w.irkmen every half hour or more. Could paint out no mean; of avoiding a similar accident in future. The recent damp weather might have softened the cement or made it less con solidated, but time bad been elven for this purpose, and nee did not attribute the accident to such a cause. The Tea , ton why the pillars and arches constituted the support of the wall was that a gallery for the purposes of a passage was re ' quired b, low. Witness should consider a wall built I upon such pillars and arches as strong and safe as a con tinuous wall. There were iron binders at the summits of the pillars to strengthen the work. The columns were two feet four inches in diameter, and twenty feet high. The con struction of similar walls was not unusual. Mr. Cuhitt had examined the ruins with witness, but could not account for the accident. It was intended to construct the wall again— not exactly in the same way. There would be some diffe• rence, but witness could not state what. He worked by order, and not according to any principles. Tho plan of the building bad always been well considered before it came to him aa foreman. If, during its construction, witness had thought there wog any danger, he would have stopped the works, and reported the fact to his principals. The Coroner: But in this case the danger was so subtle that it escaped everybody's observation. How, therefore, can you say you would prevent such an accident in future by stopping the work ; for there appears to have been no frost, oo soaking in of the rain, to loosen the brickwork, or to injure it? Witness, in continuation, gavo the dates of et e periods at which the several parts of the building were commenced and finished up to Dec. 11, when the e ntahlatures of the pillars were placed, from which time the work bad gone gently on up to Thursday last. The Coroner observed that the superincumbent weight on the pillars and arches must have been enormous. Witness averred that the calculation respecting the strength of materials gave five times the weight that was placed upon the columns and arches. The iron girders were for the purpose of strengthening the arches. Witness was backwards and forwards on the scaffold and about the , wall daring the whole progress, and he might have been there at the moment the aceidenthappened. Mr. Cubitthed suggested no means by which a similar occurrence might not again happen. The whole of the foundation on which the pillars had rested was firm and sound. Mr. Christopher Bavin was employed in the office of Mr. Hardwick, the architect to the North Western Railway Company. Witness was not in Mr. Cubitt's employment in any way. Mr. Hardwick was the person responsible for the architectural department of the construction at the Ease tan-square terminus. He had surveyed the works in crea tion, as also had witness. The plan of the works was in witness's hand. A section and elevation of the structure was here put in for the examination of the jury. Witness, in continuation, said he could form no idea how the acci dent occurred, and that he would proceed again on a precisely similar plan. He should consider the plan perfectly sale, and the arches too ; but not so safe as a wall built con tinuously up from the foundation. The Coroner then stated that Mr. Cubitt was not present, but was ready to attend if necessary. He thought that since no blame had been thrown on any person, they could net expect Mr. Cuhitt to attend voluntarily and answer questions which might tend to throw blame nn himself ; but if the jury considered it essential, he should be summoned ; or if they wished he would lIIMMOI any person whom they might consider likely to throw light on the matter. They had had a very clear account given them of what had pained, although the gentlemen who had been examined had failed to find nut a preventative for the recurrence of such an accident. But he thought that the absence, in the structure which had broken down, of any feature which would effect a great improvement for the future would not be a ground of blame on the present occasion. The jury did not express a desire for the production of other evidence, and alter a few words of explanation from Mr. Basin with regard to the formation and height of the arches, in which he reiterated his former statement, the Coroner proceeded to say that if the jury considered the evi dence as tending to show that some pi rson was responsible for the death of the deceased, it was their business to have the opinion of competent judges. But in the present case no person was blamed. The wall appeared to have been built in a manner which complied with every rule laid down, and they could not very well blame a builder for not going be yond those rules ; for if three feet of wall would suffice, it could not be expected that ten feet should be wasted. It was the same with regard to medical treatment. If expe rience would not justify the practitioner in treating a case in a particular manner, he was:not to be blamed if he did not resort to it. The Coroner asked Mr. Bavin if he was in structed to make any representations on the part of the com pany?—The witness answered that he was not. In reply to another question, he repeated that he knew of no method by which to avoid such an accident for the future. A Juror : I suppo general feeling that there in no se assignable cause.—Witness: the teem : The only assignable cause was the vibration in the scaffolding, which might be caused by the breaking of one of the ropes, as the scaffolding was very heavy. John Hickman was then recalled, and asked he ob THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 11, 1848. served any vibration in the scaffolding which could cause the wall to give way. He answered that he did not. The scaf fold was built by the regular scaffold builder, whom he be lieved to be a steady, correct man. The jury expresiing themselves utisfied with the evidence, an open verdict was returned, to the effect that the deceased came by his death through the falling of a well, "but how the well came to fall there was not sufficient evidence to show." The deceased was stated to have been a man of estimable chazacter he has left a wife and six children destitute. ASYLUM FOR THE DEAF AND DEMB.—Yesterday, ' a half-yenly g I meeting of the governor. of the above charity, situate in the Kent-road, St. George's, founded in 1792, for the maintenance and education of the deaf and dumb children of the poor, wu held at the London Tavern, for the el. rim Sof officers and 30 children (by ballot), from a list of 63 candidates. Mr. H. Aluger in the chair. The re port stated there were at present (irrespective of yesterday's election) 291 upon the establishment, of both sexes, who are rec.ived from all parts of the world. Since the institu tion was founded more than 2,000 have participated in its benefits, the majority of them having been apprenticed from the funds of the charity. The routine business of the day and the election gone through, thanks were voted to the chairman, and the meeting separated. TITHE COMMUTATION.—Sir,—As your clerical as well as agricultural readers may feel anxious to know the result of the averages of the seven years to Christmas last, which have been published In the London Gazette of last evening—via., wheat, 7s. 11d. per imp. bushel; barley, 4s. lid. do. ; oats, 2s. 91d. do.—l beg to state that each 1001. of rent-charge will, for the year 1848, amount to 1021. Is., or rather more than 2 per cent. beyond the avenge for last year. The following statement from my Annual Tithe Commutation Tables will show the avenges from year to year since the passing of the Tithe Commuta tion Act : AAAAA GIS PRIM FOR snip ThAlte. If LA at d. d. d. fi 11 9 1 311 t i f 6 9 3 11 1 1 7 7 1 4 1 7 7 4 96 I 1 tt I 4 4 1 4 0 Per Loudon Garotte on To Chriolazaa, 1815 To Citriataaas, 1836 To (1511stinao, To Chrtotom4 1838 To Chrisl6444 1810 To etatatol44 1610 To Cbr, 1841 To (IvWinn, 180 To ChWow IM3 To Chriotroos, 1844 To tbrktmaa. 1846 To Christmoo, 1846 To Cbrlo mat, 1447 Dec. 9, 18.38 Jan. 13,1137 Jan. 12. 1838 Jan. 4.1838 Jan. 3, 1840 Jan. 8, 1611 Jan. 7,1842 Jan. 6,1161 Jan. 6,1844 Jan. 3, 1666 Jan. 2,1610 Jen. 1,1647 Jan. 7.1848 1 '6 I %® i 98 13 97 7 96 7 98 IS 1112 12 M. ) .1 .1 lOYIT 89 18 104 in 1 tine of: vented does isa Ili the d —CMAKLES 3d, WILLICK, 20, Suffolk-street, Jan. 8, 1848. ENCLOSURES.—Sir,—Permit me to solicit your at tention to and advoceey of a general enclosure bill. The pre sent enactment( Y. wholly inoperative in many places, par ticularly in the county of Sorry, where, by a glance at the recent Ordnance map, you will perceive that within an area of about 10 milts the Earl of Onelow exercises his veto, as lord of the manor, over nearly as many thousand acres of waste, which be prevents being enclosed, for the employ and sustenance of thousands, for no other purpose than that of keeping hares (on his extensive enclosed property and Dark he personally employs no poor, nor other persons than keepers of game) ; whilst seven-tenths or more of these wanes are capable of producing even wheat, and would in stantly let at front 10, to 20s. per acre. As the timber on the wastes and the one-sixteenth of the soil as equivalent for manor right, with the share which would come to the lord, like other persons possessing private property in the re spective parishes of said wastes, must produce an immense income to the lord, and would not deprive him of the feel and forfeitures derived through his manor courts for copy holds, &c., no real grounds exist for his depriving the poor of employ and the people of food, and nothing beyond his keepers sporting purposes, which, to be thus prejudicially retained, is contrary to the law of God and of man. This is the doctrine held and the principle laid down by Lord Grey in his despatch of 1847 to the governor of Now Zealand, doubtless, the result of * deliberation and concord of the pre sent ministry. You, perhaps, have already, if not can peruse the dispatch I refer to I 1 mean the one which is par tially set forth, &c., in the leader of the South Australian Gazette, of the 12th June, 1847), and it is impossible fur the ministry or fur the lords legislature to deny that their prin ciple and argument is not directly applicable and analogous to the waotes of England ; many of which arc, at present, mere sporting grounds for the lords exclusively, and which have become so perverted from the real intent and purpose for which they originally acquired them, vie., for keeping and providing for tie poor, &c. of such district.. Tney can only repudiate the colonial principle and my observations, thus tersely mooted for your information, ike., by say log, " Sauce for the goose is not sauce for the gander."—O. T. W MITINOTON, 30, Bloom-bury-square, Jan. 10. P/CEPOCK ET'S ON STEAM-BOATO.—Sir,-1 wish to in form the public that there are a set of pickpockets on board of the boats ou the Thames, waiting an opportunity to rob any one they think likely to have any money about them. On Friday lost as my wife was returning from the city in one of the penny boats, along with myself, she was robbed of her purse containing 31. 18s.—three sovereigns, and eighteen shillings in silver. She must have been watched by the thief from the time she took out h:r purse at the pay box near to the pier. Igo to office daily by the boat, and I often see ladies in fine weather travelling in those boats; and my object in writing to you is to put them on their guard. 1 will therefore feel obliged if you 'will insert this in your valuable paper—GM/ROB TelL. FIRE IN SPITALFIELDS.—Yesterday afternoon a fire broke out on the premises belonging to Mr. Stringer, a wadding manufacturer. No. 13, Spicer-s , ri et, Spitaltields. The flames originated in the heat of the furnace is the athve room on the ground floor. Owing to the highly combustible character of the stock, the flames travelled with unusual ra pidity. Before any engines arrived the fire had broken into the drying-room, mod the whole of its contents was in a blaze, and the flames were not extinguished until the stove room was burned out, the drying-room gutted, the roof burned off, and considerable damage done to the adjoin ing store-rooms and warehouses. Mr. Stringer !rots not insured. NATIONAL DEFENCES.-STATE OF THE NAVY. - In the recent discussion upon oar means of opposing any hJatile force that might attempt a landing in England, the chief arguments of the alarmists base been drawn from the alleged weakness of our military force. Our means of defending the Channel— our power afloat— has not received the attention to which it is entitled. A more correct idea of our ability to defend ourselves will be obtained after the rusal of a statement sh iwing the present state of our navy. The facts are chiefly from the official list, and have been brought together in the following shape by the eelit,r of the Ilampshire Advertiser. On the let January there were G7I ships and vowels of all claws in the royal service; of thaw 233 are in commission, including 98 steamers fur service el all elenata. On the 4th of Oct. the state of the navy in continisvica was as Sallow ia..—.., —........._. _____ ,1. 4 3 1 . -.. - 11 1 I 111 1114, -4 11. 3 i ' 1 4 - I.l ti At home and fitting .....- ..... I 6 II 35 8 M e diterranean .„ 0 1 East Indies ...._ ......-.. 8 1 9 Brasil and Pacific 3 3 3 North America and Well Indies 4 2 I Cape and Comt of Africa 1 1 2 Partkular Krems . ........ - . 1 0 4 Discovery ships 0 0 0 Troop ships Sarmying ! 2 2 0 Yachts I lash 0 0 0 6 33 13 1 52 2l 91 'B4 1 21 Being a Meal of 243 ships in commission, all elm, with a power 44'22,122 horse. The present list gives no material augmentation Or decrease In any point from the abave items. An extra line-of-battle ship has jollied Sir C. Napier'a squadron, and Sir W. Parker's his been similarly in creased, whast the latter has abe been ttrengthened by the addition of three steam-f Prates detached from the former. A steamer, the AVellger, hue been net. An extra line-ofll4We ship (the Prince re gent, 92) is at home and fitting. The disposition of the other figures in the table may stand. Those marked • are new ships. There are in ordinary at POlTaMOCTO.—Advanced ships The Britannia, 120; Neptune, IN; 11s o, 120; Powerful, 84; Pembroke, 72; Hastings, 72; Menai* 71 In ordinary: Queen Charlotte, 104; Princess Charlotte, 104; Canatienlnwn, 101; Illustrious, 72; Melville, 72; Pitt, 74; Malabar, 74; Egmont, 72; Sultan, 72; Alfred, 30; Winchester, 50; Jan, • 50; Blanche, 4G; Laurel, 42; Blonde, 42; Minerva, 42; Undaunted, 42; Sirins, ; Thalia, 42; Pique, 36; Talbot, 26; Orestes, 18 ; Champion, 14; Hyacinth, 18; Lily, 16; Sappho, 16; Serpent, 12; Rolla, 10. Building: The }loyal Frederick, 110; Prir.cess Royal, 9 ; Leander, 50. Ordered to be built—The Royal Sovereign, 110; Prince of Wales, 110; Shannon, SO. Steamers building.—The Arro gant, 48, auxiliary screw, and Plumper, sloop of auxiliary power o d f GO horses. Ordered to he built—The Argus, 360 horse-power, an the Furious and Resolute, paddle-wheel steam-sloop'. DePOOPOler.—Advanced ships ready for the Pendant—The Royal William, 120; St. George, 120; Royal Adelaide, 104; Nile, 92; Cal cutta, 81; Bomber, 84; Clarence, 84; Indus, 76; Foudroyant, 78: Wellesley, 72; Implacable, 72; Dublin, 50; Portland, SO: Tweed, 20; Machete, 18; Linnet, 6. In ordinary The Impregnable, 104; •Centuri .n, 80; *Lion, 80; •Hinduetan, 78; Cambridge, 76; Kent, 78; Armada, 72; Agincourt, 72; Cornwallis, 72; Invincible, 72; America. 30; lancet**, SO; Nemesia, 44 ; Sten, 44 ; llotapur, 44; Ilemadryed, 44; Cerherus, 42; Leda, 41; *Flora, 40; aybille, 40; *Amethyst, 26; •Creola, 26; Tyne, 26; Pilot, 16; Racer, 16; •Ca rutile, 16; •Atalanta, 16; S.vage, 10. Building' The Aboukir, 90; Exmouth, 9'; St. Jean d'Acre, 90; Sanopareil, 60; Indefatigable, 50; L - Hey, 30; Nene, 7.6. Sertesset —Advanoed ships : The Waterloo, 120: teed" 92 Monarch, 64 ; 72; AchUle. 76 ; 72 ; Cornwall, 50; Camquestador, 50; Ilavannah, ; Rose, le; Star, 10. In ordinary' The Rqal George, 120 ; Wellington, 72 ; Ganges, 84 (commiinced as a sea-going shin, with full armament, on teturday); Boscewen, 70: Revenge, 76; Worcester, 50 ; Chichester, 30 ; Curaeoa, 24; Lean das, 42; Vestal, 26; Satellite, 18; Larne, 10 ; arid two cutters. CHATUAIL—In ordinary : The Goliath, 80; Cumberland, 70; De fence, 72; Meek Prince, 72; Southampton, 30; Okiucester, 30 ; De vonshire, 30; Warspite, 30 ; Isis , 44; Africaine, 41; Unicorn, 42; Vence, 42; Mermaid, 42; Mercury, 42; Boadicea, 42; Latona, 42; Active, 40; Castor, 36; Semarang. 26 ; Ire, 26; Algla, 24 ; Pearl, 20; Daphne, 18; Terpsichore, 18; Wolverene, 16; Bat •0; Heron, 10; Waterwi i t .. t ., (4. Building : The Creasy. 80; Irresistible, 80; Marc, so ; 80; Severn, 30; Chesapeake, 50; Coquette, 2o; De- Vetch. 6 . Victoria, 110; Windsor Ciente, 110; Bruns wick, BO; Colossus, 86; tetlej, 50. W o o t wien.—Budding Royal Albert, 130; Nankin, 3 0 ; Basilisk steamer. Deerroluk—Building : Hannibal, 97; Phaeton, 30 ; Leopard stem. frigate of 560 hone-power. 93 steamers 1 15471 1848 Flag officers Retired ditto attains and retired ditto Commander. and retired. Lieutenants and retired Marina Mears . Retired ditto, with rook -ea-Gami modem redid °Seen Parana . . Naval lostnictors Cttapialas emitted to balt-psy ..... Ditto, oat entitled to halt-pay...... Mateo &rood Waders Clerk. Total _ _ 193 133 151 33 48 770 7531 738 1130 908 977 8699 2643.3387 784 734 752 494 449 483 40 39 100$ 965 918 516 490 464 40 47 53 38 58 ... 46 55 71 70 118 153 k 71 71 225 f 77 \Bill 7938 7847 There are at went by descriptions of oaken an the list more Chao then toes Y OA namely, naval Maranon, mire, wend e. end aloha; there mount to Sill persons, nigh added to Marls kw la MI than in 1816, will In reality Erie a Ihninu- I, It* pewees reedving hallpay. Nary List is imamate in several inateurea 'W* hen Pri me giviag awn rigidly authentic detail then tie shwa It et entre, the somber of meu ire ez=d in Ow service date al solar the ships see idiom fully d, hie antes at a fair computation of the work ing toolloriol et tar weir. The filswlng siren end eremee actually employed on the in of Jemmy et 1810, 1841, 181 were 4, 1818, end 1816 : 7114 MOM ONIROIONS OquaantieW Listemnts ..... Mates Secretaries ChapUhl. Second Madera Midshi lhoter pmen e-Aalimitaata. Naval Cadets. Warnet-alleffs 1638 1840 1849 ' 1644 1 1845 - - 15 12 1- 1 1 4 4 1 69- 69 76 67 73 98 403 423 510 109 113 133 471 SS? 483 12 10 14 55 313 51 133 133 150 15. 175 183 219 201 j 105 107 128 lIC 314 299 319 S' 113 107 149 981 488 845 140 205 431 224 302 I* 673 721 II 64 99 53 66 4779 6209 573 14620_ 20431 . 16047' 111411 13 24 6 4 56 82 83 524 565 131 138 433 474 17 10 53 37 149 134 198 213 123 128 346 $97 89 106 436 493 189 201 902 323 748 741 180 211 46 515 6250 181$ 144111 14119 In.treetore Petty Where Able sad eater, eau men, leathers sad bop (ieetedlag Kermess, .fteseee, Coolie& ete.l 1161 iiil i, tiesel 14 In addition, the pmekets employ 543 officers and Kamen ; the sur veying vane* 1,716; and the troop and atale ships, 253 ; to which add, marinas, 10,500; boys, 2,000; and the coot guard, I captain, 51 commanders, 163 lieutenants, and 10 mates. In addition to the above, it must be remembered, that the vessels of the serious steam navigation companies—those of the Cunard line, those of the Peninsular and Oriental Company, the West India packets, the boats of the General St am Navigation Company, and others, are under contract , to surrender their ships for the public service at any moment ' when required to do so by the government. The number of ships belonging Wane sort alone, thst of Southamp ton, that could be adapted to war purposes, conveyance of troops, Sc., in case of neomaity, Is stated to be 97, size varying from 500 to 1,900 tons barthen, and 200 to 520 borer-power. The total tonnage is 43,530; total home-power, 13,910; capable of carry ing the following ordnance;-47 GB-pounder guns, b 3 32 -pounder guns, 89 32-pounder carronades, 28 24-pounder =remade'. Besides the shove mentioned steam-ships there are ten smaller Warners, of about 400 tons burthen, belonging to the South Western Steam Packet Company, which, although being unlit for war parpoBBB, would be very useful in con veying troops, carrying despatches, Be. The South Western Com ateamers Courier, Est,rfsi% Wonder, and South Western, are four of the fastest steamers afloat • • • • When these mercantile ♦essels are remembered in con nexion with those of the Thames, the Humber, the Clyde, and the Mersey, to say nothing of contributions from other ports, they make a vcry formidable item in the estimate of means for national defence—an item, indeed, too formidable to be taken into account by those who seek to alarm us into an increase of taxation for the support of an additional mili tary force. IRELAND. position, an acejficio guardian, said:—" I really think it I the individual duty of every poor-law guardian to resist so bad • principle as that contained in their letter, with refer ence to the able-bodied who receive oat-door relief, lacing employed in stone -breaking instead of on productive work, I think that every shilling of the poor-rate is extracted out of the pockets of the farmer, and consequently be has neither a pound to employ the labourer nor to till the land. The necessity is se apparent for our employing labourers in egricultural pursuits, that t fuel it my duty to resist respectfully, as far at I can, tre suggestions of the commissioners, who cannot but feel the peat injustice, and the lamentable con sequences of throwing the entire unemployed labourers of this country upon stone-breaking. I trust and hope, there fore, that they will give way to our wants and Lelings in this respect, and in such an emergency as the present.—Mr. Duane : The fact is, that if you put the able-bodied labour ers breaking stones, no person will he found to buy them — for they do not want them.—Mr. Sadlier : The commis sioners' recommendation is capital in its way to meet ordi nary purposes and the ordinary poor-law ; but at the present emergency, it is one by which, if carried into effect, we will all be ruined, and the struggling farmer destroyed. I shall now read for you the resolution which I have dream up according to my own ideas, and after thirty years' experience on the subject : Resolve:4l,-11st this board beg leave to represent to the poor law conunisaionera the great difficulty we find in complying with their order, as roger& the pros:wins of employment foe all the able-bodied paeans receiving out-door relief, MA the vast reduction to the pro fits of their labour which the necessary appointment of • superin tending scat must occadon. We, therefore, reepectfully solicit that the comeniesiontes will be pleased (ss per 26th section of the Poor Belief Estension Aet) to snake such rules and regulations as will empower this board to let out on hire all snob persons for the culture of to load la their respective localities; and from the great calamity which has tallen on tie " tillers of the earth," we may be authorised to give a searchable time Sae the payment of the hire of thec per ante, upon receiving good and sufficient security tram the different employers I assert, without fear of contradiction, that if the tillers of the soil—if in a word the fanners of this country—are not assisted in this peculiar moment of trying distress. the land will remain untitled, because the positive and melan choly fact is this—that by the operation of the act of parlia ment every shilling, as I have said before, is abstracted from them to feed the paupers of this workhouse. After much more to a similar purpose, by several guardians, it was laid down, without gainsay from any side, that there was no labour market in Tipperary, or in Ireland. And why (said the speaker) ? Because your gentry are for the most pan bankrupts, your farmers are pennyleu, and your labourers, from want of the common necessaries, are deprived of their natural strength and vigour. The resolution was unani mously carried. SPECIAL COMMISSION. COUNTY OF LIMERICK. (PROM OUR OWN REPORTER.) LIMERICK, SATURDAY. In consequence of the &ha, nce (from illness) of the Lord Chief Justice, the convict Dee was not brought up for sen tence at the sitting of the court, as ordered when the trial was concluded. ROBBERY AND AFPZARINO tee ARAM— Michael Col lins, Ifrillians Duggan, and John Noonan, were placed at the bar charged with having robbed the house of Thomas Mitchell, at Ballioahinch, of bank promissory notes of the value of 401., and of one gun, his property, on Sunday the 24th October. The robbery took place at mid-day, when the prosecutor was absent at enapel, and the case for the crown rested wholly on the evidence of a little boy and girl, who were in the house at the time, and who were clear as to the identification of all the prisoners. Several witnesses were produced to prove the good character of the prisoners, and the Lord Chief Baron having briefly summed up the evidence, the jury, after a short deliberation, returned • verdict of Guilty.—Sentence deferred. At half-put eleven o'clock the Lord Chief Justice took his seat on the bench. SENTENCE OF DEATH ON ANDREW DER.—The prisoner Dea, convicted yesterday of the murder of Edmund Murphy, was brought up for sentence. The calmness and apparent unconcern so remarkably exhibited during the trial and after conviction characterised the demeanour of the unfortunate man throughout the still more trying and awful solemnity of passing sentence. The face was much flushed, but otherwise neither in feature nor voice was there the slightest trace of excitement observable. The cleric of the arraigns read the record of conviction, and then put the usual question if the prisoner had anything to say why sentence of death and execution should not be passed on him according to law. — The prisoner, after a considerable delay, and a repetition of the question, replied," I ask mercy of your lordships all, for my lather and mother's sake."—The judges then put on their black caps, and The Lord Chief Baron passed sentence as follows : Andrew Dee, you have been found guilty of the awful crime of wilful murder. It is dreadful to reflect upon the guilt into which one so young as sou appear to be have fallen. The circum stances which led to the murder, as they appeared upon your trial, show, that young as you are in years, you had full op portuuity of considering what you were about to do, and I fear that it must be taken from all that appeared on your trial that it was • transaction the result not only of delibe ration, but of a deliberation—a determination—formed some time previous to the transaction which terminated in the death of your victim. His lordship recapitulated the lead ing features of the transaction as they appeared on the trial, and then proceeded Can it be pouibie to conceive an act of atrocity more daring than this ? In the middle of the day upon the public road— exposed to °beery*. lion, you and your brother prepared to make this murderous assault. Upon testimony clear beyond the possibility of doubt you have been found guilty by the jury. Your crime is one for which your life is a for feit to the laws of your country, and I hays to announce to you that that life must be taken as • penalty for the life that you have taken, and that upon this side the grave there re mains no hope for you. Let me then conjure you to spend the short penod, that yet remains, in that repentance and in those exercises of devotion which may obtain fur you that forgiveness from God which you cannot obtain from the laws. Turn your heart to that quarter whence mercy was never denied, and take the benefit of that assistance which will be afforded during your preparation for the dreadful scene which awaits you after you shall have suffered the awful sentence of the law. It now becomes my duty to pronounce upon you that sentence. His lordship then pronounced sentence of death in the usual form, fixing the day of etc nation as Monday, Feb. 7. John Collins was indicted and found guilty for highway robbery. No feature of interest appeared in the course of the trial. Several ether cases of a like character were disposedo) in all of which the prisoners were found guilty. It is a remarkable feature in the present commission, and one almost wholly unknown in the history of criminal pro- ceedings in this county, that now the filth day has elapsed without a single cue of acquittal, and that there has been only one case in which the jury retired to their room to consider the verdict. Beaux, JAN. 9. The special commission works on vigorously, and, it is to be hoped, will produce the desired effect. Stray ruffians, throughout the country, still carry on the trade of intimidation, and even in the city of Limerick, in the very presence of the authorithe, and with the heavy sentences which the convicted had brought upon their guilty deeds, still ringing in the ears of the turbulent, an outrage was committed on an artillery sergeant who was to give evidence in the trial of Mr. Hill's murderers. But, generally, the commission has had a tranquillising effect. The old violence has died off, though the swell still continues. The Limerick Chronicle states that there is no in validity in the sentence of Ryan, allusion to which has been made. This is satisfactory, for the uncer taiuty of punishment, consequent on au appeal to the twelve judges, would weaken the effect of the sen tence; crime, in fact, would hare a temporary triumph over the law. Ryan has been placed in a solitary cell, and commended to the spiritual care of the prison chaplain. Bills of indictment are ready for the grand jury to-morrow. On Monday the high commissioners proceed to Ennis, from whence, after the period allowed for Clare, they will again return to Limerick, and complete the trials in which bills have been found. Preparations are going on in Nenagh for a visit from the new tribunal. Mr. Kemmis, crown soli citor, is at present in that town, busy in framing in dictments. Unusually heavy sentences have been passed at several of the quarter sessions by the assistant bar risters. In Killarney 14 were sentenced to transpor tation, and in Galway the large number of 47 to transportation for life. Serious larcenies were the chief crimes in Galway. Serjeant Howley, who deals with enormously weighty calendars, has one especially weighty at present in the " City of Kings." There are 150 crown prosecutions in Cashel. The pecuniary consequences of the late act begin to be appreciated by the rate-payers. A petition, very numerously signed, has been presented to Lord SCOTLAND. Clarendon from Roscommon, praying that the act EDINBURGH. JAN. 8. might not be put in three, as an additional police-tax Another " navvie" riot has occurred at Stonehaven, would not suit the circumstances of the farmers. where in addition to much destruction of property, The Waterford guardians are pressing the rate- one if not two lives were sacrificed. Part of the ring payers to afford employment to the able-bodied deed- leaders had been lodged in gaol, from whence it was Lute, under threats of out-door relief, which is now feared they might be released, and under this appre become necessary. To arrest the calamity, the rate- hcnsion a military detachment had been ordered from payers arc invited immediately to adopt measures for Aberdeen (distant about 16 miles), but up to the employment in their respective divisions. The plan latest accounts the soldiers had not arrived. proposed is, that a number of labourers should be The discussion of the trigonometrical survey of assigned to each landholder the proprietor paying Scotland has been revived. The county of Kincar one half and the occupier one half. This system dine has despatched a petition on the subject, of works well in a neighbouring union, and dispenses which the following is a condensed version : with the necessity of out-door relief. This national undertaking was commenced so long ago as Dr. Maginn, the Roman Catholic Bishop of Derry, the year 1809, now nearly 40 years ago. It was Macon hsa addressed a second elaborate letter to Lord nutted during the three fol.owing years ; but was re.com. Stanley. After painting Lords Brougham and menced in the year 1813. From that time to the year 1822, Beaumont in colours more severe than truthful, Dr the work went en, but so slowly that its progress was hardly Maginn justifies the theoryand practice of the conks- ii v e e r r ce:ti . bl d e ne D . ni n intr h t e h y e e f a o r llir c li i ng t r e yzoaniz was i oth i a gnfinw pro sional at great length, citing modern and mediaeval- ceeded with ; but, out of the annual parliamentary grants catholic and protestant-English and continental of 75.0001. for the survey of Greet Britain and Ireland, no authorities with a learned exuberance. A third letter more than the small sum of 6,0001, was appropriated to will prove that both priests and people, " with the wards the sur n vey 4 e l if Scotland u during each otased tothlotizofiollaownd exception of a few non-confessing murderers," do fine their duty to society by the aid of the confessional. the „ al tn ye rst e n re t . at l tha l t B ra 3 ;e was co m nii es nu l ed for three years' , M&lsing sum during that time 30,0001. But although this The Earl and Countess of Clarendon visited to-day sum was appropriated for the purposes of the Scottish the water-colour exhibition of the Society of Irish survey, only a part of it, 14,0001., was actually expended, Artists in College-street. the balance, it appears, having been applied to the The parochial clergy of Dublin have adopted a pee survey ati o o f n O E I I2 - 0 1and r is Fe u e nd l e m rs t Yee t e i; h th av e e f b e e r e m n er titian to parliament in favour of sanitary reform. They Pr. Pr t W these very limited and inadequate sums have allege—as reasons for the extension of the content- been appropriated for the survey of Scot/and, the survey plated measure to Dublin—the allocation of the poor of Ireland, although commenced after that of Scotland, has in miserable rooms, bad sewerage, and an insufficient been completed at an expense of 750,0001, and a mum of not supply of water,—facts too notorious to require EOM. less than 600,0001. has expended for the survey of England. Under such circumstances it is not to be wou ment. The petition is numerously signed. dered at that the Scottish survey has made but little pro- Mr. George Wyse, brother to Mr. Thomas Wyse, e ns. Indeed, it may be said to have only commenced ; late M.P. for Waterford, has been appointed to a f e ir, until the present year, it was confined to two counties, police magistracy in our city. those of Wigton and Hirkcudbright,iand even during this year, instead of being carried on in any of the important dis- Yoevo IRELAND AND OLD.—An attempt was made this tricu of the country, its progress has been limited to a por week by the " Congregated Trades" of Limerick to effect a tion of one of the Western Isles—the Isle of Lewis—a Inca reconciliation between Conciliatien-hall and the confederates. lit' , comparatively very unimportant in reference to the For that purpose an interview was had with Mr. Smith national undertaking of a trigonometrical survey of Scot- O'Brien. This hon. gentleman went over the whole dispute, land. These 6rcumscribed and dilatory proceeding+ bec ome and declared he would have no reconciliation till the Repeal the more vexatious at a time when agricultural improve- Araveistion was dissolved, and the organisation remodelled. ment, especially draining under the late acts of parliament, Pooa-chws.—Tun LABOUR MARKET.—Some days back which a complete trigonometrical survey would materially I noticed in my communication an order issued by the Poor- facilitate, is so actively carried on ; and the loss of time is law Commissioners to the guardians of the Union of Mul- not the only evil consequence, as no supervision, it is under. linear, in which, permission having been given to the guar- ' stood, is exercised over the stations where the survey has diens to administer out-door relief to the able-bodied, they , been commenced and abandoned, which must create great suggest that it shall be in return for labour—the labour to be ; additional ex pense when the work shall be resumed after so e xpended upon the breaking of stone. The latter part of long an interruption. this order is manifestly suggested, as well in order to apply As indicationathat past calamities have not affected to destitution a severe test, as that the labour market shall not be interfered with. And the order, it has trsns ired, commercial interests in 1847 to the extent that might was also intended to answer in the negative a suggestion have been anticipated, we have first to note that the that able-bodied labourers receiving relief should be National Bank of Scotland has increased its dividend employed in the cultivation of the land. The cont. from 6to 61 per cent., that the Edinburgh and Glair rs will have to fight this plain question gow Bank is expected to make a similar ads of economy, however, directly. For at a meeting of the and lastly, that the customs revenue of Greenock Board of Guardians in 'Nenagh on Thursday, a similar order 1846-7, and 8, have, ro of the Commissioners as that forwarded to t dulliogar was for the years ending Jan. 5, read, when it appeared from the minutes tha a represents- spectively, been 288,4151., 324,4771., and 407,0831. tion of the " imurious effects" of employing the labourers Mr. Pac i an's plan of road reform may now be called relieved in stone-breaking was read, and also a reply from _ t fac..,, esterday we mentioned that his townsmen the commissioners, totally dissenting from that represents.- tion. Upon this Mr. Sallies, a gentleman of respectable of the Cupar council had approved of it ; to - day we have to record the higher triumph that it has met with the approval of the commissioners of supply of his own county. County boards are proverbially conservative, and when they declare in favour of any reform, the day of deliverance cannot be far off. The toll-bar system of Britain is about as vexatious as the passport system of the continent, and more expensive. At the High Court of Justiciary, a country post master has been sentenced to two years' impnaon mcnt for abstracting 201. from a letter. The notes were of the Bank of England, and were sent by the culprit to Glasgow to be exchanged for Scotch notes. On the stolen notes reaching the Bank of England they were cancelled, and the only recourse the owner has is on the postmaster. Three poachers, charged with assault, were sentenced to seven years' tran sportation; and a pseudo-medical practitioner, who had forged a surgical diploma, was condemned to sine months imprisonment. The statement about a cathedral in I'erth, which, after going the round, was contradicted, turns out to be quite correct. A letter has appeared from Dr. Terry, bishop of Dunblane, &c., addressed to Lord Forbes, and thanking his lordship for the proposal, which, according to the bishop, is to erect a cathedral in Perth, to be designated the Cathedral Church of the Apostie St. John, and a collegiate residence for the bishop of the diocese, and a stuff of four or flee clergy, to conduct daily and Sunday service; and to provide an endowment for the bishop and priests. A statement that 140,000 trees had been planted at Applecroes for 581. having excited some surprise, another " forester bold " has come forward with a still greater feat in plantin,g. Mr. Murdo Campbell says to the Inverness Courier . I planted, this year, Saint Patrick's Hill. on the estate of C. Lyon Mackenzie, Esq., of Bt. Martin's, 260,000 trees for 36/. lac 1001., the price of the trees and labour included in this sum. From this statement, you will see that I have planted 120,000 trees more than 31r. Aimee, at a less ex pense of 221. Is. lid. I send you herewith an account of*, various items paid for the trees, ard a copy of the pay-sheet, which make up this sum of 351. 18s. 10;d. A NEW LINE OP EVIAN COMMCNICAT:O/1. The Glasgow Cilizers states that • company has been formed at Copenhagen for establishing steam communication between Denmark, the Faro Islands, Iceland, and Scotland. The communications, which will take place every fortnight, are to be commenced on the Ist of April. The government has accented a reduction of port and anchorage duties to the steamers which may undertake them. THE HON. J. E. ELLIOT AND HIS CONBTITUEST6. Some supporters of Mr. Elliot, Ml'. for Hoxburphshire, had an interview with that gentlemen at Hanick, en tha Ist instant, for the puroose of stating to him their opinion that, in consequence of the depressed state of trade, the ports should still continue open for the free admission of foreign grain ; also, that in their opinion the restrictive act of 1845, relative to Scottish banks, should ho suspended, as they believe it to be both unnecessary and in jurious. They likewise expressed opposition to the proposed scheme fur national defences, which would tend to increase taxation at a time when revision and retrenchment are necessary. The hon. gentleman expressed himself strongly in favour of complete free trade in cora, and thought that the re-imposition of the duty would do much evil and no good. He supposed, however, that the governineut would consider itself bound, in honour to the protectionists, to carry out the act, and unless the protectionists agreed to suspen sion for the remaining eleven months, the government might not be disp. sed to do it. Regarding the Scotch bank restriction, he said that he considered it uncalled for, as it had been so clearly proved to have wrought well for the country. He thought that the late government ought to have let well alone. Without agreeing entirely as to there being no ne , :essity for additionat fortifications, dec., he ex premed anxiety to have most rigid economy observed in all the expenditure of the country. The iLtetnii.w seemed satisfactory to all present. PROVINCIAL. CANDIDATES FOR THE OFFICE OF GOVERNMENT TISCHERS.-013 Saturday afternoon a number of persona of both sexes, desirous of becoming teachers in the government schools about to be eatablishi d, met at the Musichell, Bold street, Liverpool, to hear an address from Dr. Hume, on subjects in connexion with the duties they are about to as sume. The learned gentleman spoke of the low estimation in which instructors had hitherto been regarded in this country. If there were one thing to be desired more than another it was, that we should have good and efficient teachers. The estimate of the education of the poor iv as one in six, which in this town, with a population of 300,000, would give 50,000 children under scholastic training. The lecturer showed the fallacy of instructing .without teaching or training ; and this fallacy he illustrated ty indicating the case of an apprentice, who was taught practically. The actual possession of knowledge and the zeal to impart it might be distinct, though formerly they were taken for granted as synonl mous. Now we know that the latter quality is indispensable in the teacher. He did not approve of the entire abrogation of flogging, on the principle that a child, from the development of the animal propensities so much earlier than the moral powers, iv. in some respects, an inferior animal. Alluding to the quackery of teachers, who profess to teach a particular rejoice an some new principle, and particularising arithmetic, he said it was impossible. Experiment may exist in a thousand fermi—science only . in one. The absurdity of parents interfering with the in structor respecting the mode in which their children should be educated was pointed out. In all these cases the judicious teacher will quickly carry out his own plans. He will bear in mind that for the good of all each 'Lust be subjected to • general training. In Prussia and France, in Switzerland, all over Germany, in America, end in Scotland, increased at tention was being paid to education, as the only means of making good citizens. Rf( rring to the mode in which exa minations are generally conducted is the teachers' training schools at present in existence, the fault was, that there was no arrangement made for preparing the candidate., and this deficiency was to be observed in the new government scheme. It was to remedy this defimency that the present lectures were commenced. Saturday bad been fixed on as the mod suitable day for the teachers themselves. The subjects would embrace all that comes within the sphere of general education, and the hearers would, under certain eircum reanecs, be at liberty to ask questions. The object was not only to instruct those who might he deficient in scholastic attainments, but also to accustom the timid to the catechetical mode of examination adopted at the public exa minations. -• LAUNCH OF A STRAII.SHIP AT BIRKENIIE‘II— Saturday forenoon a new iron steamer, the Cambria, was launched from the bulding-yard of Mr John Laird. The Cambria has been built for government, and is intended for the passage bftween Dublin and Holyhead. She is a sister vessel to the St. Columba, launched from the same yard a few months ago. The Cambria is of 700 tuns, builders' measurement, 193 feet in length, 27 feet beam, with • depth of hold of nearly 15 feet. Her engines, which are to be of 370-horse power, are to be fitted up by Messrs. For rester and Co., the same firm who furnished the St. Co- lumba. She is sharp built both fore and aft, and i• alto gether • fine specimen of naval architecture. YORKSHIRE.. .. .• 'FITE YORK FARNIEILs' 7 CLUB held a meeting on Thursday. Dr. Layerek raid ..—The heath of the horse and the cow was a matter of very great importance to tho farmer; in fact, if he have not healthy animals he must eufftr a di minution of profit in proportion to their defective condition. In this cold climate it was necessary that the horse and cow should be shy tered from the weather, so that we have to en close them within four walls and a roof. It was often found that stables were very little better than this. Perhaps there was a little square hole near the door, with a sort of eliding shutter, and thst was used partly as a shelf and partly to admit air. The stable was usually closed up at night, the horse was left to himself, and next morning the atunepliere was found to he so impure that the delicate organs oc went aeon perceived an unpleasant state of things. N 0.., a horse could not be really healthy in such a condition, and there fore when the farmer shut up his cattle within four walls and a roof, be not only excluded the extensal sameephe re, but he prevented that which war in from going out ; and, in addition to this, there was the collection of dirty straw, urine, and dung, which were allowed to remain from time to time, by which the atmosphere was rwdered still more impure. The doctor then mentioned several points illustrative of the nee,sity of a change of air being attended to in the construction of stables. Another important thing to be observed war a full supply of light to stables and cow-houses. He helitved that it wan important that animals should have plenty of light as that man should, for the full development of their organistn. lie thought, as glass was so cheap, formers would be willing to adopt this suggestion in the construction of their buildings. He briefly alluded to the importance of clearing away the excreta from animals, and pointed out the necessity of taking away the under straw of the animal's bed, as it was often that that was allowed to lay a long time. He considered that it was injurious f r the animal, and that to frequently remove it would be found very economical. The proper temperature for a horse was from 10 to 50 degrees ; but how was this to be secured ? Perhaps the simplest plan was is have the roof undtrdrawn, however slightly ; and then to have a ventilator in the centre of the roof, proportioned to the size of the stable. 'I his would let oat all the warm air ; but as that rushes out, cold air rushes in from the crevices at the doors or window, to supply Alas vacuum. But the rushing in of cold air must be guarded against, or the horse would he starved ; therefore, he would suggest there should be an opening next the door, at the remotest point from the animal, to ad rut of cold air from with out ; and to break the strength of the current a piece of per forated nine or close wire-work should be used to cover this hole, by which the air would be admitted gently. The lec turer then threw out the hint that a fire-place in a 'table would he of great service.—Mr. E. Allen could not agree with Dr. Laycock as to the adoption of a fire-place in • stable ; and as to a great deal of light, he thought that was unnecessary, as hence were mostly out sit day.— Dr. Laycock said it would apply to those animals which were stall fed, and to horses which are mostly in towns. — The Chairman (Mr. Ware) valued the lecturer's suggestion both as to light and air, but did not agree with him as to the policy of adopting fire places, because of the danger off There was, however, one sense in which that might be adopted, and that was to warm a stable in winter, previous to a horse being turned in, after a day's journey or work. NO7TINGIIANSHIRE. UNEQUAL PIiESISUEE or Foos RATES.— A Jetta STSAltial u 01IDINA/M—At Portsmouth, 3,650 bone-power ; at forma , MU kataspaver; at °imam& LISO bane-power ; at bishooyovrer; at ord, Lalo tvatropower ; NSFeinitmaar rawly, preparing, and tut order fur can- The following talb UMW= Ur samba or °doers on the Macy List at January, Isarhat On you nasetkand, horn ISIS to 1448: I ft slY Ur Lb. 1.4 Ned ti of tab. it is TIM sent he _ hese 5051. sod To sin boor 'the r the Fri , was one. 11011/0 ed▪ in was Mont who ad, of how- M s ; re °b estirs a Ow any's routs ming that e not are ad of 1 Ns. .1' the when )rning I the rew of their know ind of only r (and ,;ea foring is 2111 city of yeLTS le and Iferent led on ohbits, t they cht 01l •a that eached pply of al the oy un to leek erpool innent pool to i a o l n e pet hae tenni, during Totals. 103665 207 241 57 1493 193 113 444 155 "i