The Express. — London, England, 1851-02-10 00:00:00

aTeRT SATURDAY AFTERNOON WILL BZ rusurato, THE EXHIBITION EXPRESS„ Sins d • 'tile Warning /IMAM , RM. PRI l °lilt ENCL. Cottaleing every pre &hie fo relative he We f.ltEb I EXHIBIT:ON OP Itol, Ile Neste, Falithitors' Pooped*, Intended Cratrats, Artansemelltec AilIMSlll3,ll`, Prwrers, ps.t end future. Thy eviounome amnia"' of ',rams too-meted In the fortl.rainf bleat 11.ahratiori of the W. 11.1's Ind, elry Want hirherto had no sets:actor- -ma esenutter in the tram —nn paper sufficiently sod .011.w/trails r omprehrotee enough to swell and turmoil', His empoitio• with Milne • rthy of oo grand as crest —the yvearietors of tee LIPRE.S.4 loin determined Ulm ratt on. every someday afternoon, a double sheet of that roper. to contain the lira.. sad latest Mt ionatinn ri Lithe to the Exhitira es. •osrether with a .I,o*ll of other Pllatttt nreeptcbie to the mu:Mirk of persons interested either ser cenerar rrl Beal ormenoteers aid -ecretosVoottlobeto of provincial trovellow doh., tottohOoro, frivolo ol gabibitors, rids 01 elhvbltr , T 4 , and the still Wet, 14101 o.eor etrole of Herald* ate to be the hundrets Motorail ri• emit.. in the ram tlO4O. during the forthcoming Ora eras of Potetry of astilition to even thing fiontivo Kaprootion tko drab' toll •Ow 'roma nera, and vial, L ogro tote ver, myettally attend currest events an literati& Mina, OW wt. Os even Mesee. fraurdny the price et W EXPRESS will be Thrsepene& as heretofore. ABVERTP , ZWENTS. The rest value of the EXHIBITION EXPRESS sea medium must tesevidsw to edvertieem. All • rereteemernia wilt be at the office Wbitefriara at or before flight Is the eremites -I race rnday, to secure ireseruen In the number al ti• I.4kmisi stse. Odra, Beemeleratreet, Fleeteetreet. the Cyorti3o. TO CORRESPONDENTS. avow t istemked Mx" Tb. Myron," tandem Z ' emin pew, awe be as the It, Is, Bouveribstreet, by em o • es the day pablicatiou. MOH WATER, AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tim DA T 5r.42 :h. m Aftersos4 611.120. leonamor —3l,,ntiog, .Aftsrams, lb. no. LONDON, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 10. Ir the struggle which has been so abruptly and needlessly precipitated between protestanusm and catholicism in these realms were the natural result of the antagonism of the two creeds within the country, and of the oppression and injustice of one towards the other. we should have little to object to the party that had even gratuitously provoked the quarrel ; Air the oppressed can never want an excuse to mutiny. Ilut the religious strife and animosity which it stirs up is too evidently not of English or of Irish growth. It is part and offal of that great contention which has shaken Europe in which the popular principle of free dom and the &spate: rule of authority have stauggled fur mastery. The former had obtained momentary liberation from the slumbering vigilance of its jailers. but despotism took advantage of its defeat to gather breath and strength, youth and , with which it has wet about dragging Cr e the emancipated world, not merely to its Old state of bondage, but to a far worse and more permanent enslavement. The people of de watic Eurupinn states, confined to a political dungeon, we Is .till allowed light and air through several loopholes. These, however, have been found to communicate to the captive so much strength, that even thew , loopholes are to be blocked up, and man's intellectual fond reduced to what will sustain life, without um,nnenting vigour. Such is the policy and the law that prevails at Naples, at Rome, an the Austrian dominions. And we regret to say that Roman ratholicism. n, reprssrnted by the priest hood. had muds itself the ready jailer or the intellect in all those countries It unfortunub ly happens that the scheme of church government, which hinds Roman catholics together, has at the present moment the drag of sniveling the (-Mitotics of the more enlightened portions of Europe to those of the niost unenlightened. At the time of establishing the supremacy of the papacy over the western thumb. Rome had fair claims to be considered the most advanced and intellectual centre, and its claim of direction over ignorance. and inde pendente of feudal tyruioty, was favourable to Chris tianity and vie ilisition. But the universe tuna round, whilst unfortunately Roman catholicism does not turn with it ; and that which funned the bright spot on the intellectual map of Europe has become the dark one. Men who are numiliotly children in poli tical experience, and who know no more what are the rights and want. of a nation in such a state of development as England than ST. Itritxsati or ST. lill.\RY did,—thist• men are einploved to establish an etelesinstical org.misition in FiiglaniL That this ceelesinstical organisitim will have immense tem poral intim-me it would be absurd to deny. The very pretext for introdtwing it, which is. that it may furnish the material for synods, and for the applica tion of the mum law, is slaw a proof that property and education. all the dictates of man's conscience, and the ants of man's life, rimy be changed or in fluenced by it. Th, persons who should hare defended us from this inrund of barbarism and tyranny were the eatho lies themselves. the enlightened catholics of these countries. But, unfortunately, they have not the power. Owing to eirnimstances which need not be told, the great Roman catholic masses of these kingdoms are not only of a peasant and a working class, but of a ClariS in no wise dependent on, or in contact with, educated Roman catholics. The Irish peasantry in Ireland have protestant landlords the inch operative in England works for a protestant master. 'MI, therefore, look to no superior in worldly Or in religious concerns. except to the clergy. The Ro man catholic clergy therefore are in these realms all in all to the great masses of the Roman catholic flock, which is without that tempering influence of a lay catholic aristocracy, so necessary to neutralise and keep down purely 'sacerdotal influence. The persons. we repeat, who should natually undertake and do this are the Roman catholic landlord, merchant, and professional mein, that upper lay class, which in Bel gium efficiently perform the task. Here, how ever, there is nothing of the kind. Our penal lawn, under which the lower class of Roman catholics multiplied, proscribed the Roman catholic gentlemen ; and we are now paying the penalty of having allowed ignorance and bigotry to grow up and spread, without that degree and extent ofintellectual and social cultivation in the creed necessary to con trol it. Hence we arc driven into the anomaly of legislation to correct and repress evils which the progress of society, left to itself, would of itself have remedied. We have little doubt that time, that the pro of events and circumstances, will remedy in EXan catholicism what it at present contains of anti-constitutional. anti-swial, and anti-progres sive. Austria, France, Italy, and Spain cannot long remain as they are. A new spirit and new ideas are arising in the upper and political classes, es well as in the people, and will in time affect the church itself. Rut in order to give this spirit fair development, the sacerdotal aim of extinguishing education. restoring ignorance. paralysing the wills, and checking the forward tendencies of men, must be counteracted. The avowed purpose of the Scitwen ltitnnians. the ANTONELLTS ' the MosrAtEnnears, and the Ft'l-tvis, is to make Europe a Paraguay, and to 'reduce the population into so many Indian tribes, labouring and thinking, or non-thinking, as they are bidden br a legion of jesuitic. We are strongly of opi nion thai the protest of the country, the interference of parliament, and the activity a government are accessary to counteract this attempt. As to the country cot has nobly and energetically done its duty. Not a single voice has been raised, not a single cry uttered, that has not told, and will not tell, in encouragement of the goad and liberal cause at home, and in dinging back the withering. retrograde and absolutist dictation which intrudes upon us from i abroad. With respect to the government, whether it has 1 taken the true and best coarse to support and carry oat this great national demonstration, that is ano ther question, not so satisfactorily to be answered. Lord Jonm . , to be sure, to proceed with resistance. an to carry on this war, if it be necessary, and if the foes of political liberty and 1 religious freedom will not fall back. Rut we fear mach that the minister, however he may be by cha racter and talent fit for such a championship, is still paralysed by lukewarm, truckling, and interested solleagues, Who palter with the country in a deckle eatare," who cloak their timidity under the pies of liberalism. their ignorance and irresolution under the same of tolerance. _Be its ' .weakness the fault of whomsoever, the is from leasi ng p plar , kart all classes of Roman catholic". liberal as pirs , Tre " ammaiL l ! illiberal, and leave a slur on the whole instead of inflicting a blow on the Wei. and vain and h • °lt' &mild MY. p „f in e le Pertien of it We a simple law, making the 11,_ THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 10, 1851. assumption of any title whatsoever be an ecclesiastic a misdemeanour, the consent of her MAJE , TV .or of the Privy Council not first obtained. But title., after all, form the smallest fraction of a very large question. THE bid discussion which took place on Thursday evening last on the proposition of Lord JOll,l RCS sEtt., regarding the torn of proceeding upon motions for an address to the crown, is not unworthy of serious consideration by all who value the preserva tion of true parliamentary freedom within the walls of parliament. Hy the usage and custom of the House of Cum• i mons, time out of mind, any member of that as sembly may, upon due notice being given, move an I address to her M.t.lEstv for the production of; papers, the institution of inquiry into abu.•es in any department, the removal of an obnoxious minister, or against the continued use of those parts of his harness whereby be was liable, at any particular moment, to be peremptorily pulled up. Horses arc not indeed used in modern administrations; but we arc not cure that their substitutes are always more docile, or that they less need a vigilant oversight and an effective control. It is very amusing and not a little edifying to hear the old hands belonging to former govern ments joining in the general cry of resistance to the adoption of such measures by the executive go vernment as any sudden emergency may seem to re quire. It is ob;iously a privilege of no common de- MC of importance. 'lt is one of those unostentatious links in the curb by which parliament is enabled to guide and control the wayward course of administra tive power, and the value of which can never be felt until its removal. But for this very reason there would appear to be an excessive desire to get rid of it. A horse was once. it is said, made consul; and if, during his y ear of office, he had been gifted with speech, no doubt he would have argued speciously this new attempt of the bureaucracy to emancipate themselves front this particular species of amenability to parliament. As the enjoyments of office fade from the superannuated memory of Messrs. lleeetes and GOULEURN, the rememfiiance of its temptations grows more clear; and their candour gains eloquent vigour as their hope of being ever again exposed to official trials decays. They begin to feel that their political souls are safe; ana that without risk of being suspected of cave, malice, or any uncharitableness of, or relating to, this world, they now may disinterest edly speak out boldly the truth which other genera tions of men are much concerned to know. Apart from the testimony of these senatorial veterans, however, there has been a pretty distinct indication given that the present House of Commons arc not in the mood to surrender so important a pri vilege as that we have named. We say to surrender it, because in practical point of view the proposal made by the government conies to that, According to the existing forms of procedure, if au address to the crown could only be moved in a committee of the whole house. nr after a report had been made by a select committee, no independent member of parliament could ever hope to carry such an address. For if, on a motion that the house do resolve itself into a com mittee of the whole house, ministers should chance to be beaten, their continuance in office would be made dependent on their being able, by dint of Tern- Bury whipping, to obtain a reversal of that resolution next day. The question would thus re solve itself into one of want of confidence, the deci sion of which must depend upon the general temper of parties and the whole state of the nation. But the specific question of departmental inquiry or special advice offered to the sovereign by the repre sentatives of the people would, in tie projected shadow of a change of ministry, be utterly lust. And another step would. in short, be taken towards super scsling the interposition of the House of Commons in all matters of detail connected with the administra tion of public affairs. Fur too much progress has already been made in that direction. The great aim of official rliqur-ism has long been to be able to say to parliament on all subjects and on all neensions,—if you won't let us do as we think fit, you must choose other men for ministers. And as the indisposition or inability of the minotity, no matter how large or influential. must in nineiy-nine cases' nut of a hundred render a change of government out of the question. all real power is taken from them, I and all fair opportunity denied to independent mem , tars of raising a discussion that is not meant to end in a mere sham. There is nothing in which the freedom and honour I of parliament are more deeply involved than the pre servation of that equality among its members which has so long been the boast of the British House of Commons. Composed as it has been at all times of the must dissimilar materials, and compris ing within it men of the most widely differing degrees of personal. social, and political station, it has always been heretofore the pride of that assem bly that its menibcrs all crossed its threshold as equals, and that no man—wove in so far as his indi vidual conduct diseutitled him thereto—would be divested of that respect and consideration which membership imparts. The youngest, the humblest, the least' powerful representative of the people had, and still has, a right to ask any question or to initiate any proceeding, as well as the lordliest lender of party, or the haughtiest chief of faction. Whatever tends to abridge the fulness of this equality, tends to the subversion of one of the best guarantees the nation possesses for its freedom. The excuse for making the change proposed, is the passing of Lord AsitLEY's mad motion last ses sion, in a half-empty house, for an address to the Queex against Sunday labour in the Post-office. As well might Lord JOHN RUSSELL propose that the new Palace of Westminster should not be heated by means of flues, because ten years ago there arose considerable temporary inconvenience in conse quence of an unaccountable fire. Unaccountable fol hea, like unaccountable fires, will now and then occur till the end of the world; no pedantic care will ever wholly avert the one, and no old maid's caution prevent the other. The most effectual warning against such dangers is probably to be found in the perpetration of such flagrant blunders as that of Lord ASHLEY. But ea it stands without parallel, we need give ourselves little concern about its speedy repetition. Meanwhile, let the Commons by ail means hold fast by their ancient privileges. FRENCH BUDGET FOR 18.52. On Friday, in the French National Assembly, the Minister of Finance, M. Oerminy, presented the estimates foe 1452, of which we now give a fuller abstract than that which appeared in Saturday's Express. The minister began by giving an expose of the financial situation of the country. The deficit of 1849 amounted to 253.000,000 fr., to which should be added 6,000,000 fr., proceeding from the savings banks. That of 1848, at first estimated at 72,000,000 fr.. and subsequently 19,000,000 fr., was finally reduced to 3,000,009 fr. In 18.51 the deficit of 1849 would, him the application of various resources, be reduced to .i02,000,000fr. In 1850 the expenditure exceeded the receipts by 12,000,000 fr.. to which the supplementary credits voted by the Assembly added 50,000,0001 r. The augmentation in the revenues, and the creation of new resources by laws of the Assembly, had, however, brought down the deficit to 13,000,000 fr. The extraordinary works executed during that year had amounted to 105,000,00 0 fr. The minister then observed that the results of 1851 could only be matter for conjecture, all depending on the con tinuance of order and tranquillity. Anterior deficits, in cluding tho‘e of 1848, 1849. and 1850, would amount to 646,000,000 fr. In the opinion of the minister, the situation would neither be endangered nor embaraund there by. To meet that deficit, the state possessed important resources. The increase in the revenues, and the annulling of several credit., should also be taken into account, and he valued those items at 43,000,000 fr. The government had, moreover, been authorised to soli forest lands to the amount of 25.000,000 fr. The concession to private industry of the Paris and Avignon and the Western railroads, so warmly recommended in the Presi dentin! message of the 12th November, 1850, would, he was certain, be granted by the Assembly, and thus enable the government to realise important additional resources to reduce still mote the above deficit. The floating debt, however large its amount might be--577, 009 . 000 fr — was not of a nature to cause uneasiness 01 apprehension. The cash on hand in the Treasury or ;Bank of France exceeded 91,000,000 f. The loan concluded by his predecessor would affonl 311.000.000 fr. of which 31,000,0000 fr. remained to be paid. The debts of the ROllOl and Northern Rail way Companies would supply upwards of 40.000,000 WM. In the floating debt figured the bonds of the communes the deposits of the savings banks, Itc., for 364,000,000 fr. That sum ass not likely to be withdrawn. The treasury bond., amounting to 113,000,000 fr., on the othe r te rn: r i would In all probability he renewed, notwithstanding the reduction in the rate of interest. There wan no danger, , either, of the Bank of Prance claiming its debt, for the I most profitable and mime sae it could make of its capital was to loin it to the Treasury ; M. de Germiay regretted , the neseevity of suspending again, fa 1862, the assign at the sinking fund. het eapressed confidence that the ordinary •apanditeir•ii would he by the revenues of the State. Ille then enumerated the modifications made in the esti mates of the different departments, sad estimated the entire receipts at LW/AVIAN fr., and the expenditure at 1.314978i928 fr., leaving a Me" of 9 ,6 9 6,671 0 Sr. FRANCE. PARIS, SATesinsT EVSNINO. M. Piscatorv's report on the Rotation Bill com mences by recapitulating the various en flits assigned under different heads to the President of the Repub lic, and makes the sum total amount to 3,425,0110 fr., supposin . g the bill'to be adopted. The sum total is made up of the following items :—Salary fixed by the constitution, 600,11001.; expenses of representa tion, inscribed on the budget. 600,000 f. ; expenses of the Elvs:e, inscribed on the budget, 240,00 f. ; hire' of a hotel adjoining the Elys• e, 35,00nf.; share assigned to the President in the funds of succour charged on the budget of the ministry of the interior, extraordinary expenses demanded fw the present bill, 1,800,000 f. The committee had' heard several j ministers, who referred to the statement of motives of last year, having no more complete explanations I to give for the present ; and had decided, by a ma ' jority of 13 votes against 2 . to rroposc to the assem bly the rejection of the bill. The minority recalled I the motives, which had determined the vote of last year, and maintained that the same identical grounds existed for repeating the grant this year, and for securing to the President a situation suitable to his rank. The majority thought that perhaps it would appear unconstitutional to vote a supple ment of salary to the President of the Repub lic. Nevertheless, in presence of the vote of last year, it did not stop at this consideration. but ad mitted that such supplements might he voted always under the condition of not altering the character of the high functions of the presidency. The corn mince did not think that eircumstnnees this year were the same as last vear ; nor did it think that without the 1,8110,000 f. demanded, the position of the President would be below the suitable style and dig nity of the great power with which he was invested. On the contrary, this position would be out of all pro portion with every other existence in a coun try where the division of fortunes was so great. The committee desired to maintain the executive power, but not to aggrandise it. The presidency is not royalty. The President is only the first citizen. Ile is not the head of the state; he is the head of the executive power. (Move-1 ment and approbation.) When the assembly voted last year the supplement of salary, it hoped 'that the danger with which such a vote might be attended would not show its had, and that the prudence of the executive power would respond to the benevolence of the assembly. It had sacrificed its doubts to the desire of maint • g harmony between the two powers of the state. Doubtless the do teflon might become a means of influence, LI political instrument. But the assitembly had found a conformity of policy and a concurrence of action in the President of the Republic; and it trusted confi dently to find them still. But this confident expec tation has not been fulfilled; and the assembly, justly alarmed, has not deemed it possible to keep silence. It deems it its duty to observe a conduct and to hold a language about which no person can fall into mistake. The union of the powers has saved France—all that tends to divide them excites the same uneasiness, the same regrets in everybody, although differently expressed. The assembly ought to speak with 'sincerity and firmness, otherwise it would weaken the legislative power, and tender bad counsels to the executive power. (Movement.) A discussion then took place as to whether the debate on the bill should be fixed for Monday or Tuesday, the ministers wished for Tuesday • hut, after two doubtful divisions a ballot took 'Alice, when there appeared a majority in favour of Monday, of 348 votes against 306. (Movement.) Generuls Ca vaignac and Changanner voted against the govern- meat. I have to draw your attention to an important declaration of the government to -day relative to the application of the electoral law of May to the prod dential election. You remember, doubtless, that M. i de Rover evaded a question upon this point put in the interpellation of M. Howvn-Tranchere. M. Waisse has, however, repaired that omission to-day in the presence of the committee of initiative, before whom he was summoned to explain categorically the views of the government. M. Waisse has declared distinctly that the government considers the law of May equally applicable to the election of the presi dents, as to that of representatives. This question is therefore now set at rest. The same minister, on being requested to state the views of the government as to the sale of journals in the street, said that the ministry were oppoc.ed to the plan of X I'ascnl Duprat for allowing free sale to all journals without exception, and preferrtd that of M. Raze, which established equality by inter dicting ull without exception. The Assembly, after hearing M. Piseatorv, then proceeded to discuss M. de Tinguy's proposition, for authorising extraordinary meetings of the councils general in case of Paris being surprised by an emestr. M. Ilennequin opposed the proposition on the part of the Mountain, and said that the Left would pardon the President a coup d'etat which should abolish the electoral law of May. M. Nlontigny defended the proposition, as the only safeguard against the revolutionary tyranny of Paris over France. M. Waisse, Minister of the Interior, applauded the intention of the proposition, but thought it impracti cable. In answer to M. Ileunequin, he declared in the Assembly, as he had done in the committee of initiative, that the government considered the law of May applicable to the presidential election. M. de Tinguy defended the proposition amid much noise. M.Dufaure opposed the plan as creating confusion and anarchy. M. Depasse spoke in its favour amid loud cries for a division. The Assembly rejected this and the other propositions of a similar character by 361 votes against 261. Nothing further of import ance occurred before the silting broke up. Notwithstanding several fluctuations the Fives closed at the price of yesterday, 96.55. The Threes fell 10c. SUNDAY EVENING. The decision of the Assembly to proceed at onec without delay, to the &bate upon the Dotation-Bill, indicates that the house is too impatient fora final vote to tolerate long speeches on the subject. To-morrow evening, therefore, I expect to be able to send the result of this momentous division. The interest of the government in adjourning the debate to Tuesday was obvious. Every hour of reflection must tend to weaken a coalition which has resulted from irritation and passion; several Bonapartist members, like Gen. Magnau, were absent on leave; the emphatic declarations of M. Waysse, the Minister of the Inte rior, in favour of the maintenance of the electoral law of May, of the application of that law to the pre- sidential election, and his approval of the interdic tion of the liberal journals from street sale, tend to rally the ranks of conserva tism to the Elysee ; and, lastly, it is I thought that an object of the adjournment was to put off the renewal of the Bureau of the Assembly. It was clear that Dupin favoured the adjournment, by reminding the Assembly that there would be no time for printing and distributing the report. Leon Faucher made a . virrous stand for the government to gain time, and pouitmg out the open rap ture between the powers proclaimed in the report, be. the Chamber to pause before it rushed to • hostile vote. The Duke de Broglie and Count Mole both voted for the adjournment. It would not be altogether safe to prognosticate the fate of the bill from the defeat of the government in the division at yesterday, as there were only 644 members present, whereas to-morrow there will be upwards of 700. In comparing this division with the division on the amendment of St. Benve, I find that the go vernment has gained 56 new votes. These, added to the minority of 286, will make 342. Therefore, if the 56 new adherents to the government vote the Dotation, as all the 286 may be counted on, it will be a neck-and-neck affair, and no one can predict which side will carry the day. It must at the same time be allowed that, although the influential names of de Broglie and Mole figure among the voters in favour of the adjourn ment, it is not probable that either of these will vote in favour of the Dotation, although theytnay not vote against it. I confess that, considering the extremely harsh tone of M. Piscatory's report, and the tendency which language so aggressive would have to repulse mode rate men of his own party, and taking into account the influence which thegovernment's pledge to main tain the leectoral law of May will have upon many, who dreaded a Billault-Lamartine mi nistry, I think the rejection of the Dotation Bill by no mean so certain as is generally given out. On the contrary. it seems far from improbable that the government will carry the day. To -day, we bare, in the Coartitstionner, the autho rity of A. Vcron for the announcement that, in ease the Dotation Bill be rejected, the President will issue a message in the view of putting a stop to the scheme of a national subscription; W i the eclat and agitation , attending a measure to which a political stamp would be attributable would tend greatly to disturb the tranquillity of which France has so much need. The President will adopt the necessary economics in his establishment, and this will be his dignified and ! sole answer to the hostile vote of the Assembly. GERMANY. M. Gerlack, in the First Berlin Chamber, has solemnly called upon the members, on the occasion of the first anniversary of their oath to the constitu tion, to show their fitfelity to that oath, in carrying out the constitution by retrogression, not merely to the year 1847, but much further back, till they find true German rights, and true German freedom, in the pure feudal system. This exhortation is reite rated in the A',us Preussische Z-study, and echoed in the Deutsche Refwm. It has been many times asserted in the German papers. and the assertion is repeated in a correspondence from Frankfurt, that a military convention has been entered into between Austria and the government of Hesse Cassel to this effect: namely, that the whole military force of Hesse, with the single exception of tlie Elector's body guard, is to be sent to do duty. as a kind of penal banishment, into Bohemia. and . that Austrian troops are to take their place in the electorate. DRESDIM. The following letter from our correspondent at Dresden, informing us of a complete change in the Austrian plans at the conferences, is an important illustration of the Quecu's speech in reference to the affairs of Germany : DRESDEN, Fan. 4. The governments of Baden and the two Hessian princi palities hose protested against bring tied togetlnr with only a third of a vote each. Haden grounds its protest on its greater territories; the governments of the too Utensils ground theirs on the better conduct of their subjects, who never broke out into open rebellion nor lxinsted of their de mocratic tendencies. The governments of the two Meck lenburg., of Brunswick, of Nassau. the Saxe and Anhalt principalities, of the free towns, of Oldenburg, of Denmark for Holstein, and of the Netherlands for Luxemburg and Leinburg, in fart, of all the minor status, have caused ener getic protests to be drawn up against the proposed diminu tion of the number of votes. None of these protests have yet tarn presented, but their existence has been made known to the Austrian and l'russiiin governments, and has led to a change in the policy of Austria. The Herculean labours which the first anti second commis- don have been performing since their appointment are likely to prove in vain. The concord which was supposed to exist between Austria and Prussia was heartfelt only at Olmuts. Since the punctation or protocol which bears the name of this fortress was signed, the spirit of amity be tween these two powers has been gradually dicreasiug until it has now become purely nominal. Under these cir cumstances the alterations desired by Austria in the consti tution and organisation of the Confederation have become so many impossibilities, and that goveniment, in order to avoid the odium and disgrace of having after all to say to the world that their efforts have been in vain, and that they are unable to establish a constitution for Germany, they are forced to with draw their proposition, and to desire the restoration of the Diet in its old form. The policy of the Aus trian government is at this moment directed towards the establishment of this result, and I am told that the negotia tions which have been opened at Berlin on the subject afford reasonable foundation for the expectation that it will be gained in so for at least as the sanction of the Prussian government is coneerned. Whether opposition may not arise to the rehabilitation of the old confederation is a dubious point, more especially since Austria is not yet pre pared to withdraw the demand bir an increase in the number of votes she possesses in the plenum. At this moment, however, nothing has transpired in the ennferences on this subject, and the sevond commission is still grubbing among the dark mazes of the legislative func tions of the Diet. The first commission has prepared a report to the con ferences, which has been handed in. lam given to under stand that it contains at length the proposals for the recon struction of the supreme authority of the confederation, which were made some weeks ago by Austria and Prussia. The document, for it cannot be called a report, is signed by all the members of the commission. You will remember that I .0111 e time ago called your attention to the fact, that the members of the commission were in no degree bound by anything they might say, support, oppose, or propose in commission. This reference is necessary, as otherwise it might be supposed that the unanimity which appears by the signatures really exist*, and that the opposition of the minor states had been removed. Such is not the case. It is only when this document or report shall have come before the general body of plenipotentiaries, that their opposition will be manifested in a valid awl effect al manner. . The second commission has mauls. another attempt to draw up a report, and failed completely. The attempt to do so jointly with the first commission was a failure ; the second attempt alone was a failure ; and the third attempt, which is now being made, will very probably also prove a failure. The third attempt consists in the appointment of two sub commissions, to both of which certain special questions respecting federal legislation have been referred. Until this report is made however, the proceedings of the confer ences must stand still. The, third commission met yesterday, for the second time since its appointment. It is expected that a treaty will be established between the Zolverein, the Stenerverein, and the Austrian customs polity, for the abolition of all transit and other duties on certain great articles of trade ; raw ma terials, colonial goods, corn, cattle, wine, tobacco, tie., are among these. Neither of the representatives of these three bodies will object to this measure, the benefits of which must prove to every intelligent observer the wisdom of re ' moving restrictions upon trade and manufacture. The conferences will, however, not be able to effect the altera tions desired by Austria, for the reference of customs ques tions to the Diet. Hamburg and the Ranee Towns gene rally protest against the Diet having any jurisdiction what ever. One protest is sufficient to negative any proposal. Councillor Hock has returned front Vienna; and Coun cillor Delbruck has arrived from Berlin, to assist the representatives of their respective governments in this commission. The latter gentleman has, for several years been the representative of Prussia, on all occa.sionscon nected with the Zollverein, and only last October proposed the obnoxious soil rejected increase in the tariff which has, nevertheless, not succeeded in driving Herr von der licydt out of office. Councillor Delbrdek, three months ago, advocated the principles of increased protection at the com mand of his government, and he now comes here to advo cate the principles of decreased protection. And we are, moreover, told that, as the political situation of l'russia de mands that its commercial policy should be antagonistic to that of Austria, Councillor Delbriick has become a free trader. " Like master, like man," says the old proverb. Von der Heydt has beiome a thorough free trader, and so has his head man Councillor Delbrack, but there must he something radically wrong in a system which permits indi viduals to change their opinion at the word of command; or are we to suppose that both these men have been free traders in secret ? If they have both men and measures Arc still more culpable. PRUSSIA. News from Berlin, of the 6th instant, published in the Cologne Gazette, is to the effect that France has protested against the entrance of all the Austrian states into the German Bund. The note containing the protest arrived at Berlin on the 3th, and at the same time at Vienna. The negotiations of Count Sponneck, the Danish envoy, turn out to have referred to an establishment of a constitution for Denmark, Schleswig, and Hol stein. The details contained in a letter, dated Berlin, the bth instant, are as follows: It is ascertained that Count Sponneck has not so much remained here to bring about a definitive settlement of the questions between Denmark and the Duchies as to convince the two great powers of the necessity of calling together an assembly of " Notables " at Copenhagen. And this latter purpose is the object of his return to Vienna. Tho plan which Count Sponneck advocates contains, according to the Nem Ppm:lliadic Zeituna, the following propositions:— Denmark, Schleswig, and Holstein should have separate constitutions, each with one minister or more, as may he deemed advisable, and an assembly (Land-tag). Holstein to have two ministers. From these assemblies a collective common chamber to be formed, constituting a " state coun cil," from which all laws for the three countries should re wive their legal sanction. Laws rejected by the common chamber not to be brought under the consideration of the separate assemblies. Holstein, by this arrangement, should have her own separate army. This project seems, by the common chamber, to aim at a complete incorporation of the Duchies, even of Holstein, whilst the undivided annex ation of Schleswig and Holstein is not provided for. it is said that Prussia and Austria intend placing an observation corps on the Swiss frontier. The fall in the value of gold has occasioned the Prussian ministry to take it into consideration whe ther it would not be advisable to give up the fixed rate of exchange for gold coin, and, according to the precedents of Holland and Belgium, to issue coin that might have a fluctuating exchangeable value; but nothing has been decided on this subject. BERLIN, Fen. B.—Voluntary Loan, 1061 ; New Loan, Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 1001 ; National Debt, 84h • Commercial Marine Society's Premium, 118 ; Bads Shares, 981. VIENNA, Fin. 7.—Five per Cent. Metallignes, 971; Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 85 ; Bank Shares. 1,198. Exchange on London, 12.35. MADRID, FED. 3.—Three per Cents., 34} cash, 3411 paper ; after Balsa, 3411 cash, 34} paper. Fire per Cents., 151; after Bohm, 15} paper, 151 cash. Coupons, 8 ; after Balsa, 7i eaah. Passives, 61i; after Bola , rash, 5 1 r , rer Treasury Bill*. 95 94. Baja of st. Ferdinand, . Exchange OD London ; 50.65_ ADJUSTMENT OF THE SPANISH DEBT. MADRID, Flea. 2. The Clavtle of to-day contains the hills presented Yesterday to the Cortes, for the adjustment of the * debt of the treasury and that of the foreign debt. I The public debt is to be divided into a perpetual I Rent of Three per Cent. and the amortizable debt.' The perpetual debt is to be divided into consolidated and deferred debt. The consolidated debt will be formed of that created up to the present time, both foreign and home. The deferred debt will be formed of the nominal capital of the capital of the Six per Cents., the Four per Cents. previously reduced to its four-fifths, and the unpaid interests of the same up to next June, previously reduced to half. The amorti sable debt is to be divided into two classes. The first will comprehend the current of 5 per cent. in paper, the unconsolidated values, and those called deferred and provisional. The second class will comprehend those so called without interest and passive. The documents of the ancient foreign debt which being comprehended in the law of 1831 were not converted, because they were not presented within the delay prescribed by law will be con sidered converted at the rate of two-thirds of the re presentative capital in 5 per cent. consols and in one-third passive. Also will he considered converted by the effects of this law fur the whole of its nominal capital in titles of 5 per cent. Consols, the debts liquidated and about to be liquidated under the titles of property from America, deposits. slave vessels. edifices occupied. and English prizes. The credits liqui dated or being liquidated proceeding from damages. the reparation of which was the object of the law of the 9th of April will be considered as payment by half for the effects of its conversion in the new class of debt, in consolidated debt of Five per rent.. and unconsolidated values. The government will be authorised to dispose what is expedient concerning the liquidation and recognising of these credits. The pending credits of liquidation. and which ought to have been presented at the proper time, will he con sidered as payment in the same classes of paper to which they have a right. The new perpetual De ferred Rent of Three per Cent., which ought to be created by virtue of this law, will begin to bear in terest from the Ist of July, 1811, if the documents' should be presented to be converted before October. Those which are presented afterwards will have in terest from the ensuing quarter. The perpetual De ferred Rent will bear interest of one per cent. in the four first years, 1 per cent. the two following years, ands° on successively at the rate of I per cent. more every two years till the 19th year, in which the three per cent. will be completed, and will have the character of consols. The titles payable to the bearer of the three per cent. will he convertible at the will of the holders in nominative inscriptions, and as well these as the former can be held in any of the chief towns of the provinces, or in any of the foreign markets that the government may designate, and where the interests may be paid. The nominative inscriptions can also bc converted into titles payable to the bearer. Every month there will be published in the Ossetia of Madrid a clear statement of the conversions that have taken place in the anterior month. Property thus possessed in the Spanish funds cannot be confiscated, and foreigners, even in times of war with their respective nations, lose none of their rights. ROMAN BANDITTI. The following letter describes a most daring act : ROME, JANOI. I have to-day to relate a most sinmdar and almost incre dible fact, the authentieity of which, however, is established by the most incontestable evidence, including that of oflicial reports. On the 25th of this month, the theatrical corp. of Forlini- Popoli was playing the " Death of Cesar." korlini-Popoli is a small town of about 4,000 inhahitauts, inclosed by a high wall, entered by two gates, and seareelv three miles from the town of Forli, of which it is a kind of suburb. Ily eight in the evening, the hour when the theatres open in Italy, all movement has disappeared from , the streets, windows are closed, and the inhabit ants have retired to their bonus, the coffee houses, or theatres. This absence of activity in the streets, which every one remarks at Rome, is still more complete in small towns. It may then be understood how, at Forlini- Popoli, and particularly on an evening when the theatre was open, the streets should he so deserted as to make pos sible the occurrence now to be related. The first act of the piece had terminated, and the curtain had juet fallen, when suddenly it rose and diselosed -in stead of the actors, who had disappeared—ten brigands of the baud del I'l;Bst:tore, w ho, armed with muskets and carbines, levelled them so as to tommand the entire range of the pit and boxes. At the same moment, another party, consisting of 30 brigands, made their appearance on the floor of the house, the issues of which were guarded, and, armed with sabre* and pistols, menaced the spectators. A moment of stupor, during which no one dared move, elapsed, when the chief of the brigands advanced to the foot-lights, and, exhibiting the keys of the two gates of the town, said :—" Gentlemen, you see by these that you are entirely in our power : any resistance on your part would lead to disasters which 1 should be the first to deplore, but which it depends on you to avert. Listen, then, to what I have to say. I am about to call out the names of ' several among you us I pronounce a name, let him who bears it step forth from his box and repair to his house, in company with one or two of my friends, who will assist hint to bring hither all his boards, and that without defraud ing us of a porpetto." This said, the orator displayed a paper, and commenced reading the fatal roll. Submission was inevitable. A dozen earbineers formed the sole police of Forlini-Popoli. Six of these were in the theatre and had been gagged by the brigands. The six others, surprised iu their guard-house, had ventured a vain resistance. The burgomaster was the first victim. Some time was of course required for this operation, which did not terminate before a quarter to 12. It was was probably to shorten the agony of the pit and boxes that two brigands went from spectator Ito spectator, collecting hatfuls of watches, purses, chains, rings, and even umbrellas. When the harvest was gathered Lad the booty had been heaped up on the stage, the brigands allowed the i curtain to fall, and quietly withdrew, carrying all with them. The money thus obtained amounted to 7,000 Roman piastres, or about 40,000 francs, and the bijoux, objects of ' art, &c., at double that sum. The next day an Austrian detachment set out in pursuit of the band, which probably had dispersed by that time in the mountains or passed the Tuscan frontier. Their num • her is supposed to have been about three or four hundred. It is probable that they were in league with some of the in habitants. However this may he, private houses and public treasuries all have been plundered with the exception of the Monte de Piete, the fastening of which resisted all the at ' tempts made to break it. TURKEY. CONSTANTINOPLE, JAN. 24.—The Porte has ad dressed a note to the representatives of the foreign powers, announcing that new disorders, which broke out at Samos on the arrival of M. Coneminos had obliged the Ottoman government to resort to the extreme measure of placing the island in a state of siege. In consequence of this determina tion the coast harbours and landing places of Samos would be blockaded. The blockade, which Mustapha Pasha, com mander of the troops at Samos, was specially commissioned to carry into effect, would commence twenty days after the date of the note (16 Rebi-ul-ewel). The ministers of foreign governments are therefore requested to notify to the shipping of their respective flags to quit the ports of Samos before the prescribed term, and not to break the blockade under penalty of incurring the repression to which vessels render themselves liable in such eases. French diplomacy is chiefly directed at this moment to check the influence which is being acquired by England in Egypt. For this purpose, Gen. Aupick is urgent with the Sultan to proclaim the deposition of Abbas Pasha, the grandson of Mehemet Ali, under pretence of his being liable to fits of insanity ; and a report on the hate of the viceroy's health is to be drawn up by physicians, and laid before the Divan with this object. M. de Lavelette is ex , peeled to replace Gen. Aupick. THE LEVANT. We have received by the Levant mail Athena journals to the 29th ult. They contain no political news of i interest. The Emperor of Russia has made a considerable reduc tion in the duties hitherto levied on currants and figs from Greece entering Russia by the Baltic. The duty is made still lower on those entering by the Black Sea or the Sea of Azoff. LETTERS TQ POLAND.—A Post-office circular gives notice that henceforward letters for Poland transmitted through Prussia by way of Belgium, Holland, or Ham burgh, will be liable to reduced rates of postage in lieu of the rates heretofore chargeable. These letters may be for warded unpaid or paid to destination, but a portion of the postage cannot be taken in this country. Letters for Po land will be sent through Prussia, by way of Belgium, un leas specially addressed to be otherwise forwarded, and the rates of postage by that route must be taken upon such letters when paid in the United Kinelom. QUARTER-MASTER-GENERAL'SDEPARTMENT.—The recent appointment of Colonel Freeth, as Quarter-Master- General, will, as we before said, effect a considerable saving. We believe it is arranged that Lieut.-Colonel Airey, unat tached, is to succeed Colonel Freeth as Assistant Quarter- Master . .. General, and that Major Enoch retains the appoint meat he has hitherto held of Deputy . Assistant Quarter- Muter-General. Major Enoch, who is an old and distin guished officer, is, however, to have the brevet rank of Lieut.-Colonel, as well as some adlition to hi. present rate of pay. UNITED STATES. We have received one week's additional news from the American continent, by Ithe Britibh and North American Ronal Mail steam-ship Asia, Capt. Lang, which arrived • at Liverpool yesterday. She sailed from New York on the 29th ultimo, and brings a large number of passengers and ,19,601. in specie. The s;camer Arctic (United States line of vowels) had arrived at New York, after n passage of 16 days. She had put into Halifax on her run, being short of coals. The only items of interest are those from the American Congress. The senate were occupied part of the week in an inquiry into the expediency of preventing American ships being engaged in the slave traffic. The motion for inquiry was carried, and referred to the appropriation committee. The alteration of the tariff rating on hemp, iron, and glass was much discussed. The New York Weekly Herald says: It is, we believe, beyond armht that American vessels are extensively engaged in the African slave trade; but it is very doubtful )f the refusal of sea-letters to them will remedy the evi l. It may, to a certain extent, restrain Ame rican vessels and American seamen from engaging in it ; but let them go out of the field, and the profits of the trade are so great that others will enter into it. Hitherto American vessels have enjoyed peculiar privileges in this trade, in consequence of the refusal of our govt niment to accede to the right of search; hut no matter how stringent the law may be, the trade will be followed as king a+ a negro can be purchased in Africa for 40 dollars, and sold in Cuba or Brazil for 400. The most effectual method of stopping the trade is that suggested by Mr. Clay, in a speech to the Senate, a few days since, and that is, to eolonise the mast of Africa with free negroes from the United states. To do this effectually, a line of steam-ships, on the phut proposed a short time since, to ply between the United States and Africa, for the conveyance of free negrocs, should be esta blished. According to all accounts, the colony of Liberia has succeeded in putting a stop to the traffic. as far as its jurisdiction extends, and somewhat further. It has broken up some of the slave marts, and de stroyed the traffic to an extent of one-third of tho Western coast. Numerous petitions had been pre sented in favour of the proposed line of steam-ships to Liberia. A bill introduced into the senate by Mr. Walker, having for its object the reservation of the public lands for the uses of the actual tillers of the soil, and its gratuitous distribution, in limited quantities, among the umsses of the people, has given rise to much discussion. The French Spoliation Bill, in Congress, was at tracting no ordinary attention. Many persons inte rested in the subject were at Washington, and there seemed a disposition to bring the whole subject into a satisfactory position for all concerned. The 28th wits rather an important day in Con gress. The friends of an increase of the tariff moved to tack on, by way of a rider to the bill making ap propriation to supply . deficiencies, an amendment, making the duty on won, hemp, and gross yarns, window-glass, anchors, and other articles, much higher than it is fixed by the tariff of' 1844. This was rather an irregular way of bringing the matter before the house. The paper quoted above %Opt : The present tariff, doubtless, could be sounded with great profit to the country, but we question the propriety of dis causing the subject 'during the present session. As a we tland thing. the present tariff lea not only promoted the intemsta of the country, but been satisfactory to the community at large. It is very likely that a few would wish it altered so as to increase their profits at the expense of the many, but no alteration should he made hastily or unadvisedly. A change in the tariff is n very delicate ques tion to meddle with. That the present rate of duties on some articles can be increased with advantage to the country we have always maintained; but if the movement of yes terday is any indication of what the desire of the high tariff men in the House is, we should say they wish to make a sweep which the country at large are not willing to accede to. VVe shall soon know more about it, as the matter will, nu doubt, be fully discussed ere many (Lys. Letters from Washington, published in the New York Journal, state that the whig party were by no means satisfied with the proposition. Other projects were said to be in progress of organisation on the 21th instant. Reciprocity with Canada will he spe cially discussed. Lathe United States Stnat e, Mr. Badger, of the Naval Committee, reported a bill providing for the enforce ment of discipline and the pmntotion of good conduct in the navy. As a substitute for the lash, the bill authorises, as a punishment, dismissal front the ser vice, and solitary confinement in irons. with bread and water diet. The California Land Bill s us dis cussed at considerable length. The trial of General Henderson, on the chitty of having been concerned in the invasion of Cuba, has terminated only in the disagreement of the jury. Philadelphia accounts state that the funds required for the semi-monthly screw-steamers line to Liver pool had been subscribed. Four ships were expected to be on the line by Midsummer. Letters from Havannah of the 22nd ult. state that military evolutions were frequent. Jenny Lind was shortly to return to New Orleans. She will not re turn to London until 1832. From Clingers we learn that up to the 12thulL no new arrivals had taken Owe at Panama. Accounts front Canada announce that the homo government had sanctioned the provincial postal scheme. From Nova Scotia we learn that the Governor has opened the Legislative Assembly. MEXICO. Advices from Mexico arc to the Ist of January. The country was generalll tranquil, the defeat of Nlelendez, Onjaca, and t capture of several noted robbers in the state of Jalisco, having partially quieted the troubles in those parts.—ln Mexico every other sentiment was lost in the anticipation of Arista's in auguration, which was to come off on the 15th ult. The liberals have great hopes of his administration. The Grand Fair of San Juan de los Lagos was slimly attended, not more then two thirds as many persons being present as last year. The cause of this was the failure of the crops in the interior, which prevented many of the traders from attending. A periodical, called /1 Aquila (The Eagle), was about to be started in San Juan, for the purpose of keeping up the annual fair. Don Pedro Green has applied for the exclusive pri vilege of lighting the city of Mexico with gas. The Siglo has news from Guatemala to the ef f ect that that state had offered its intervention to settle the difficulty between San Salvador and Great Britain. Jose Gonzalez Echevenia has been chosen goveruce of the state of Zacatecas. According to official documents, under the treaty of Guadeloupe hidalgo, 1,551 inhabitants of New Mexico have left that territory and settled in Mexico. COMMERCIAL. NEWY . OTM: ftl ; eit --- 17AY NIGHT, JAW. 2S. The stock market was rather heavy to-day. Bound 'mudded, are firm, and likely to remain go. Bair of United States and New York are Steck& have been made to a cans • aiderabk extent ; fact all off, ring a - e taken privately to supply the various new banks now forming with funds to dope-It with the Onaptroller of the State, as security for their circulation, and our quotations foe three and other mound securities stow an upward tendency in pekes. The transfers of United States Loans on foreign amount during the peat week have been unimportant, the hums demand having absorbed all offering In this market. The Asia will take oat about 250,001 dole. in apecio-150,0n0 dole. in silver and 100,000 dole. in gold. The great scarcity of shyer noticed a few days ago increases, and OUT retail stores are suffering port inconvenience for the want of mall change, having to pay from 3to 4 per cent. for it. Several of the hanks are curtailing he circa. Irian of their small bilk, and in consequence of there being no mint in New York, our tradeemen and others arc suffering for the want of a small currency. Foreign Exchange has been firm for this steamer, although this is usually the seaport when rates rule low,—the rhipmentsof breadstuff% monsione, cotton. le., have been light, consequently, with a steady line of imports. Exchange 'matinees to range above the usual max mum for the month of January. The market te-day clverd firm at our quotations. On London , 110 to 1107; Paris, 5.10 to 5.8 j ; firm., 415 to 41); Hamburg, 37 to 37); and Bremen, etj to 60j. The money market does not differ materially in Its general aspect from our report on the 21st instant. Though by no mean. so abund ant with the banks, the supply is ample for all purposes censored with the legitimate wants of trade. The cheapness of money, and the are with which it has been obtained, Las induced a considerable re. 'relies movement an all kinds of stocks and real rotate, which la se.. teeming the attention of capitalist% and causing them to pause and oonsider upon the high prices the leadingarticles that absorb so much money have attained. Corrow.—(Prom Takott and Brother's Circular.)—New York. , Tuesday Evening, Jan. 28.—Since our report woe made up for the - Pacific, 21st instant, we have bad a quiet market. On the arid and 33rd the sales averaged 300 bales, chiefly for home use, without quot able change. On the 24th, 500; the Artie dieing the day being re • . ported at Halifax. A telegraphic rummer,' of her accounts was re , mired on the 25th, whieh not being as favourable as anticipated, 1,000 bales were sold at ia to ie. reduction. On the 27th (Monday) the market continued dull and unsettled, the mien reported on 'Change being 300 bales. This morning the letters per Arctic (arrived yesterday afternoon) came M hand, and have produoed no further ; change. Buyers still insist on h. reduction, but the buglerea norm en at se., at which 700 to 800 bales have been sold to-day, and in conformity with which we revise and reduce our quotatiorf, remark , Mg, however, that it is difikult to buy at their strict clematiratior. • •e--vem •-• .•ovarseiev- -- New OrleFul Attondo Cotton. rand i a,1,. - 7 Gulftitior.s. loterior ke OrdLearytogoOdogd 1 to I 3 ... 1 3 & to 131 ... £2 l to 13/ 141441hys to good ROL 1 to 1 ... 14 to 141 ... 134 to tat to fair P li strjr to good fair 11 to ... nominal ... nominal The Mahan la this UM t to owing quite as tosah to the dgthill