The Express. — London, England, 1863-04-06 00:00:00

THIS EXHIBITION of ALUMINIUM and Araninnum =OM MOO IIFICIMINS, illustrating tar apedleatioa (Ornamental Wad Useful)) of these interesting SlMaha are NOW ON VIEW at MAPPIN 1110TILILItS A NEW NEW 11.001118, 122, ILKONNTAT2I.IIT. oa by Card. fIEOOND-RAND PIANOFORTES. G ix= DELL; ma WOOD Dm a Dap anselmaga asaamt4imad Mirolokis. by the 'soot esteased =Wes, at Ml* robes& trbm—Wl. Itayeat4driel EVERYBODY KNOWS Mr. MILE& Attred Webb Mlle. SWOT= MOM BOND-STKKET to TI BROOK-STREIT Banoveraqwwe, to 1860. The lea Trmaww Waft( by biro) In sal the New Patterns, 'BITTER THAN , TROUSERS. —Special attention is called to the NUM SPRING GOODS, and gentlemen who do not mind =fair price for a good pair of Monsen ran depend cm end patter= that cannot be excelled, at HAMILTON and KIMPIONS, TAILORS, 106, Strand (opposite karat Ea U). gfte erprtso. TO O.O3.I.IBPORDINTL iivielieneurb binOW for ..71;e1;;;;;;" Teltdow &Ws! wad be at the aka 10, Bouvertewtreet, by Two ea the day of publication. HA YMAPirr. THM ZYMMIo, MUCirIDO ABOi."1 NOTHING. Messrs. Howe, Oseepten, Yarrow: Heolsmes Angel sod Terry. BUCKSTONS AT HOKL—And BORROWING A HUSBAND. Yearn Howe and Compton ; Miss Marls Hurls. PRINCOMIL TRosEemrma, AURORA FLOYD. imam Rozbyand Salmon ; Miss A. Sedwwick and MIM Henderson. - KILLING TIMM. Mr. George Vining and Miss Amy Dodged& —Aud BRAUTINUL MAJORS. Hisses Oliver, Howard, Hudspeth, and Murray. LYCEUM. Tuts ET S. A SUT4EiAIikCE. Meows. Mom and Mk:Wool:0 ; Was Hounds and Era. Laa.—Aml THE DUKES MOTTO. Masan ladder, Shore, Brongtank. and Raymond Illasea C. Leclerc% K. Tam, and worthy. BRITANNIA., THIS Enna, FAITB, HOPE, AND CHARITY. with Professor Penne. GAR I.T SPICrItAL ILLUSION —JRANNIZ DIAN& Mr. Rlgwood sad Mr.. & lesss.—Aad THE CIRCUIT OF HOLD. Mr. Isynolds sad Miss Mos. MOH WATER AT LONDON MEM. Ms DAT -•-itandeit, Se 15m......A0i1Me5. A. 35.. TO4aoaliow—hlcenths, Eh. 5601.....A.ffire5. U. lka LONDON, MONDAY, APRIL 6. THE publication of Colonel TOLLAND'S " Report "to the Board of Trade on the Metropolitan Rail " way Schemes of the present Session " is o: much value at this particular period. It tells little that has not been said before in letters, speeches, and newspapers ; but written as it is without any feeling of opposition to the multiplication of rail ways, it brings into distinct prominence the evils incident to the existing practice of railway legisla tion, while at the same time it suggests the special difficulties which have to be met in regard to metropolitan convenience. It is unanimously admitted that the internal modes of communication in a country are ma:- ters of important public interest, and erect not merely the districts over which they extend, but also the entire community. When these roads are formed by private enterprise, and not at the expense of the State, it becomes again a point of general interest that they should be made with economy, so that the success of one undertaking may foster and encourage another. Yet not only have these obvious principles been disregarded, but the very opposite results have been, as it were, forced upon those who have been the bone lectors of their country. Some allowance must doubtless be made for the alarm originally felt at the first introduction of a novel mode of transit, and the present generation should not bear the blame of the errors of that which has well nigh passed. Those who went before us made mistakes under the influence of prejudice, but in proportion to oar light it may be doubted whether we ourselves have not more to answer for. While railways are an admitted necessity, and the land owner now seeks as a boon that which a few years since he deprecated as a nuisance ; while special officers have been appointed to exercise supervision over these works so soon as the railway has been constructed, and act efficiently in the performance of this duty, still the tribunal by which the powers to create a railway are con ferred remains sadly inadequate to the duty. We do not mean to urge that the tribunal should itself be altered ; for we doubt whether, with all its faults, it would be possible to confer the same powers upon any body of men who would be equally free from the suspicion of unworthy mo tives ; but the system of procedure should, and might with ease be advantageously amended. At present a line is twice submitted to the considera tion of five gentlemen, who, to avoid par tiality, are selected specially because they have no particular knowledge of the district affected ; and no one is allowed to be heard in op position to the application except parties who have land or houses which are required for the line, and then only to the extent of their griev ance. Unless there be competing lines there is no evidence brought before the Committee as to the relative advantage of the line, whether it is that which is most required, or will promote the general Interests of the district, or whether in an engineer ing, and therefore an economical, point of view it is that which should be adopted. In fact, in the great majority of instances the Committees of either House have to decide upon ec parte evi dence upon a particular scheme regarded simply by itself, and not in connexion with the general plan, with which, notwithstanding, it must of necessity be connected. The result is, piecemeal legislation ; and every ill-considered line which thus obtains Parliamentary sanction is at the same Sine costly to the undertakers, by reason of the alterations which are needed or the ,undue com petition established, and injurious to the public, by whom, in the end, the cost of its construction is borne. Much of this evil might be got rid of by the very simple plan of having attached to each Committee a representative of the public. Where there is a representative body such as the Metro politan Board of Works in London, the duty should be thrown on it. Where there is not, then the Board of Trade might undertake it. All that would be necessary would be that the Bills should be grouped at some early period, and at the same time some Body or person might be appointed in respect to each gfoup to act on behalf of the public. The duty of the representative or Board would be to report on the schemes and their general effect to Parliament at its opening : the report would be open to the parties interested, and if there were objections to any of the Bills, owing to their being from •any cause at variance with the interest of the public+, then such objections should be sustained by evidence before the Com mittee, where the defender of public interests would be represented by one counseL An en larged power might also with advantage be conferred upon Oommittees, permitting them to allow, under certain restrictions, more extensive modifications in the course and gradients of pro posed lines ; and thus they would be enabled often to aid most materially the promoter", by adopting the suggestions which would be offered to them on behalf of the public. Now if some such course of procedure had ex isted, the present state of difficulty in respect to the metropolis would have been prevented. The proper mode of dealing with railways in the metropolis is not a new question, but was actually referred in 1848 to a Royal Commission, and was again re ported on to some extent by a Select 'Committee of the House of Commons in 1856. The general conclusions of the Commimian in 1846 were adverse to the introduction of railways into the metropolis north of the Thames, but they recom mended that, if railways were to be admitted, conformity with some general plan should be enforced. Those conclusions, so sensible, so ad vantageous to the public, and so important to the railway interest itself, have been set aside, and very greatly in consequence doubtless of the ab sence before the Metropolitan Committee of anyone charged with the duty of repre senting the public. It might be a very proper subject for discussion whether it were important for paasenger traffic that it should ap proach the metropolis more closely than the points occupied by the termini of the several lines exist ing in 1846 ; but if London were to be traversed by lines of railway, it is obvious that common sense dictates such an arrangement of the various lines as to allow the through, unbroken traffic of goods. So far as Committees have decided, they have acted in direct contravention of these natural principles. They have sanctioned one underground railway, but so "constructed as to be probably " injurious in preventing the construction of " new lines of railway that would connect some " of the metropolitan termini with each other ; " and also one terminal station in Farringdon-street, which, though intended to be used as a through line from the north to south, is at such a level as to be at least vet/ difficult, if not impossible, of use. It is in reaching this station that the bridge over Ludgatehill, which has caused such a loud and justifiable outcry, becomes necessary. It so happens, however, that the evil which the exist ence of this station might have caused can be avoided, for the London, Chatham, and Dover are desirous to relinqu;sh their powers (which would otherwise to a great extent expire in three or four months), and they propose to establish the:- connexion with the northern lines by means of a new and independent Company which will effect an union between the London, Chatham, and Dover and the Metropolitan Railways. ne moment is, therefore, especially auspicious for the adoption of the recommendation of Colonel YOLLAND, that " the consideration of all railway 1 " schemes which propose to establish new lines " littering, approaching within narrow limits of, " or pealing across the metropolis proper, be poet " pored until a future session." Such • recom mendation is, we are satisfied, consistent with the true interests both of the public and of the rail way companies ; but if it be adopted, action should be taken by Parliament, either through a joint Committee of both Houses or by independent Committees acting in harmony and concert, to lay down those principles which may be beat adapted to assist in future Sessions the solution of the problem involved in the construction of railways in London. In an area so limited, and amidst a population so dense, the object should be to cause as little disturbance of existing thoroughfares and resi dences as possible, for every removal of the dwellings of the poor inflicts on them a very serious injury, and adds to the difficulty of living near their occupations, and to the density of occupation in the undisturbed adjacent neighbourhood. Al the great object of above ground railways must be the interchange of goods traffic between the various large termini, it might probably be found that that result can be attained by very little addition to existing means 1 of communication. But into the mode of working out such arrange ments as may be thought desirable we do not now propose to enter. It will be matter of congratu lation if we escape this year from the threatened invasion of the metropolis, and we are as sured that the consideration by Parlia ment of the metropolis as • whole will eventuate in the establishment of some method of procedure before Committees which will provide for other district• a similar protection. If this ahonld be the case, we feel that • step will have been made in the tight direction towards framing a kind of code of practice, and railway compact es and the public will alike reap the advantage which will spring from the establishment of a certain system of procedure and harmony of deciaion. Firm and consistent legislation will not check the progress of sound railway enterprise, but will tend to give to it • more healthful and more remunerative character. THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, APRIL 6, 3863. Ott Coda. - AOCOIXEDDIENT OF THE PRINCESS ALICE W127D60R CIABTLE, Ana 4. The Queen, accompanied by the Priimeee Louis of Hcoms, drove out yesterday afternoon, attended by Gotonal the Hon. A. Harding.. SUNDAY. Primers Louis of Here (Prince= Alice of Great Britain sad Ireland) gars birth to s Princess at s quarter =fore 5 delook this morning. _ Her Majeety the Queen wan with the Prineese eenriently daring the night . . - In the room with the Princess at the birth of the child were her Majesty the Queen, Prince Louis of Deese, Sir Charles Loomis, Dr. Farm, and the mines, and in the nest room Sir d. In the adjoining apartment were Viscount Sydney, Lord Chamberlain ; Sir George Grey, Secretary of Stet* for the Home Department; and Baron de Skov, head of the Household of Prince Charles of Hesse. Intelligence of the happy event was immediately tram mitted by telegraph to the Grand Duke and the Court of Hesse Darmstadt, and to the various members of the Royal Family. The following wae the bulletin iarrued : " Windsor Calais, April 5, 1863. "Her Royal Highness the Prima, Louis of Hesse (Princess Alice of Gnat Britaht and Ireland) wile safely delivered of • daughter this morning at • quarter before 5 o'clock. Her Royal Highness and the infant Prince are going on perfectly well. "Jamie Cum. N.D. "Ottumwa Loom", M.D. "ARTIER PAliz, M.D." Prince Alfred, Princess Louie., Prince Arthur, Prince Leopold, Prime Louis of lime, and the Wien and Gentle men in Waiting, attended Divine service this morning in the private chapel. The Hon. and Very Rev. the Dean of Windsor officiated, and administered the sacrament of the Holy Communion. Viscount Sydney end the Right Hon. Sir George Grey arrived at the Castle last night. Viscount Palmerston arrived at his residence in Piccadilly on Saturday night from Edinburgh. The Right Hon. Sir George Grey returned to town yes terday from Windsor Castle. De;patches were received on Saturday at the Colonial• office from the Governor of Canada. Despatches were sent to the Governors of the North AIMIIiCILII Provinces and to the Lord High COMMialliOnit of the lonian Ideals. We are authorised to announce that the Prince of Wales will hold a Levee on behalf of the Queen at St. James's Palace, on Wednesday, the 13th of May, and that the Princess of Wales will hold a Drawing-room, likewise in her Majesty's behalf, on Saturday, the 18th of May. There will also be a Drawing-room and a Levee, on her Majesty's behalf, in the course of the month of June. Presentations will be made at both Drawing room. THE PRINCE AND PRINCESS OF WALES. On Good Friday and yesterday their royal highnemes attended divine service at the Sandringham parish church. Lieutenant-General Bno➢ys has informed the high sheriff and the other county subscribers that the Prince will be happy to receive the de. potation entrusted with the preeentatioo of the "Norwieh Gates" at Ssodringham, to-marrow (Tues day). Their royal highnesses are expected to Mare Saadring ham for town at the close of the present week. The prs Notation of the " Norwich Gates" to-morrow will doubt less attract a large and infinestial attendance, and will be, in fact, the event of the week at Sandringham. The Earl and Countess of Leiceater, Lord and Lady &odes, Mr. Bootjack, /CP, Mr. Howes, ILP., Beak-Colonel Coke, ICP., Mr. B. J. Harvey, sad nearly ell the minty Mitr tocrecy are among the subscribers. We are informed that a movement, inaugurated by the ladies of OLunorganshirs, is in proviso for raising funds to present a suitable offering from the six southern counties to her Royal Highness the Princes of Wales, u a mark of the loyalty for which South Wales has ever been remarkable. The Marquis and Marchioness of Lansdowne and family left Lanalows' House ou Saturday for Bowood, Wilts. The Marquis Townshend and Lady Audrey Townsiend bays left Park-lane for Brighton for • few days. Viscount Baynh•m Iva left for Tsmwoeth Castle, Staffordshire. Lord Crewe left his residence in Hill-street on Saturday for his at, Oruro Hall, Cheshire. Lord and Lady Colchester have left Berkeley aquae for Richmond; the notle lord and her ladyship are =peeked to return to town on Thursday next. Lady Keane Pigott and Mr. W. K. Pigott have arrived at 11, Eaton-piaci% foe the eamon, from their seat, Dulling's= Home, Newmarket Letty Hall and Mr. G. Hall have arrived at the Portland Hotel, &wham, from her residence in South. squats. _ Sir Alexander and Lady Arabella Bannerman have lett town on a visit to the FAA and Countess Dela warr, at Suekhiust Park, Sussex. Mr. and Lady Elizabeth St. Anbyn have left their residence to Booth Andley sine*, for Brighton. The lion. George Skene Duff has left twin for Folkestone for a few days. The Karl of Fife returned to town on Saturday evening from Edinburgh, where his lordship attended the dinner given to Visoount Pabneentoo. The Countess of Fife hes been detained to town by revere indisposition. Earl Grosvenor and Lady Constance Grosvenor bare arrived at Brighton. Hi, lordship will be in command of his regiment, the Queen's (Westminster) Rifle Volun teers, to-day. Le Chevalier Bazini and M. d'Arnofine have left the Brunswick, .Tremyn.strest, for Paris. Mr. Errington and the Misses Stanley Errington have arrived at their rills, The Elm, Bagearm-park. ALEXANDRA CHANNEL. The following notice from the Trinity-house Corporation ham been posted at the Town-hall, Custom-home, and other public buildings at Gravesend :—" Notice is hereby given, that in commemora- tion of the arrival of her Royal Higiness the Princess of Walee in the river Thames, on Saturday, the 7th of March, 18E3, the channel recently buoyed, and now known as the Shingles, through which the royal yacht passed, will, with the gmcioua permission of her royal highness, be hereafter ca/led the • Alexandra order, P. H. Barrao; Secretary." Tux Itirwieray.—Lord Palmerston arrived last (Saturday) night at his town residence, Cambridge-honeN Memdifly, from Edinburgh. Lord Granville left Earl Spencer's seat, Altborp Park, Northatoptemehire„ yesterday for Rimbolton Castle, Huntingdonshire, on a visit to the Duke of Manchester. Mr. Gladstone remains in town. The Home Secretary (Sir George Grey) and Mr. Cardwell also continue in Loudon. Earl Russell is residing at his Lodge in Richmond-park. Mr. Milner Gibson hes retent quitted the metropolis. The Duke of Newcastle, the Duke of droll, Lord Staeley of Alderley, and other inembera of the Cabinet are absent, for the holidays.—Observer. THE LATE Ma. BECKETT, BANJUL—The will of the late Mr. William Beckett, the head of the well-known g m of beakers at Leeds, and formerly the parliameotary representative for that borough, and subsequently for the borough of Ripen, has been proved in the Court of Probate at Wakefield. The penman property of the deceased gen tleman, who died on the 26th of J Revery last, has been sworn under 700,0001. The real estates of the deceased, subject to certain annuities, are settled strictly on his brothers., and their male issue, in the order of thecessiou to the baronetcy, commencing with the eldest brother Sir Thomas Beckett; Red the whole of his personalty, after payment of legacies, is directed to be Lid out in the purchase of estates to be settled in like 'manlier. Amenities era left to Mrs Beckett (who has also a legacy), and to his to brothers and aster , and, after their deaths, to their ' children. Mrs. Beckett is also to have the eejoyment for life of Birketell Grange, near Leeds, and his other resi dences at Brighton sad in London. The sum of 2,6001. is directed to be distributed for such charitable objects in Leeds as his executors may select, and in addition they are to continue for one year all hie annual charitable sub- saigniess and contributions. Lewin are given to his servers and to each of bis assenton. Hie trusters are also directed to apply at their disorstiou 1,0001. per manure, for ten years, in promoting the extension of Divine worship, neoctling to the rites of the established church, and the andoernant of the ministers of such church, within the borough of Lena The executers named in his will are five in number—namely. the deceased's brother-la-law, Admiral *apron; bin wife's nephew, Mr. Hugh Fianna Keyed' Ingram ; his nephew, Mr. W. Beckett Denten k Mr. Jobe Yetesife Smith, os• of his partners la the boar ; sad his solicitor, Mr. Themes Teemed Dub, Ueda. THE SEIZURE OP BRITISH VESSEL 9 BY THE PEDERILB. A few days since the owners of the Peterhoff, Springbok, and Magician steamers, which it will be remem bered were wiplaired by the Federal =Wears while proceed ing to the Mexiews port of Matamoros, addressed Earl Rav ioli, bar Majesty's Secretary of State for the Foreign Department, upon the illegal character of their seizure. Yesterday the following reply was received by the owner of tie Springbok " Foreigo-office, Apnl3, 1863. "Sir,—l am now directed by Earl Ransil to make you acquainted with the conclusion at which, having comidered the communicable. with the law officers of the crown, your letter of the 26th of March, requesting to be informed 'a regard to the right of British vessels to trade with Matanicres, her Majesty's government have arrived. The government of the United States has clearly no right to else British vessels torso fide bound from this country, or from any other British possession, to the ports of Van Cm and Melamine, or either of them, or vice versa, unless such venele attempt to touch at, or having an intermediate or oontingeat destination to, some blockaded port or place, or an carriers of contraband of war destined for the Conte. dente Skates ; end in any admitted an of such unlawful capture, her Majesty's government would feel it their duty promptly to interfere, with a view to obtain the immediate renitution of the ship and cargo, with full cocipessatioa, and without the delay of proceedings in a prise court. Her Majesty's government, however, cannot, without vio lating the rules of international law, claim for British vessels navigating between Great Britain end these places any general exemption from the belligerent right of tattoo by the cruisers of the United States, nor me they proceed upon any general assumption that such vaeseis may not so act as to render their capture lawful and justifi able. Nothing is more common than for those who centem plate a breach of blockade, or the carriage of centralised, to disguise their purpose by a simulated destination and by deceptive papers ; and the situation of the ports on the coed of Mexico with reference to the Corded/rate States le such se to make it not only pomade, but in many eons probable, that an ostensible Mexican destination would be retorted to as a cover for objects which would really justify capture. It hes already happened is many oases that British meeels have been seined while engaged in voyage' apps. rest* lawful, which vessels have afterwards been proved in the prize courts to have bees really guilty of endeavouring to Meek the blockade, or of carrying contraband to the Cos federates. It is the right of the belligerent to capture all mem& reeseesably auspeeted of either of these tresegressioas of laternatioeal law, and whenever any ems of rapture is alleged the awe cannot he withdrawn' from the one indication of the prim court of the captor. After the case her undergone tuvestigation, it is the ditty of the prize court to restore any such prime ainlawfullymads, with costa and maces . and the proper time far the isterferneas of her Majesty'. government is, in general, when the ppee t w ty • courts have refused redress for a capture which the erfdenoe shows to have beam unjustifiable. Her Ma 's govern ment cannot upo n a parte etateolests deny the M in this war the exercise of those rights which, is all wars la which Great Britain has been concerned, she bad claimed herself to exerciee. —I am, sir, your most obedieet servant, "E. HANKOND." Respecting the seizure of the Peterhoft, his lordship has intimated that Lord Lyme has bees directed to watch the proceedinp now piddling, and I. Ivor* to her Majady's govarameat. LLTFST INTELLIGENOL THZ POLISH INSURRECTION. •_ • • A letter from Warsaw, in the Czas of the 31st ult., says :—" Arrests continue at Warsaw. On the slightest suspicion persons are sent to prison. One of our chief photographers, who received a medal at the last Exhibition of London, has been taken to the citadel; where also are confined the two brothers Gregorowicz, some monks of the order of St. Bernard, and one of the chief landed proprie tors of the province, M. Prnszack. The citadel is full of prisoners of all classes—ecclesiastics, soldiers, literary men, journalists, proprietors, and workmen. Anarchy reigns in the chief departments of govern ment." The Temps says that Langiewicz arrived on Fri day last at Tischnowitz, in Moravia, where he will be stationed. A particular dwellings assigned to him, and he will be able to go about unmolested, having given his word of ho nour not to proceed beyond a certain distance. " It is a happy circumstance," adds the Temps, "for the ex-dictator that he has fallen into the power of Austria and not into that of Prussia. According to the latest explanations of Count Eulenbourg, be would in the latter case have been handed over to Russia," (alum's meanie.) ORtOOW, Ann. 5. A conflict took place this morning at Szyoe, near the frontier. The Russians, although double the number of their opponents, were defeated. THE PONTIFICAL STATES. ROME, APRIL 5. The Pope officiated to-day at high mane, and gave the benediction " 17rhi et orbi." The French and Pontifical armies were present on the occasion. The weather was magnificent, and the concourse of people immense, including a large number of foreign rq. His Holiness was cheered. THE BRAZIL AND RIVER PLATE MAILS. SOUTHAMPTON, APRIL 6. The Royal Mail steamer Parana has arrived here with the above mails, 168 passengers, 5,9501, in specie, 10 packages of diamonds, and 650 packages of cargo. The high rate of exchange at Buenos Ayres bad caused comparative stagnation in business. In Saladero the prices of produce were giving way and considerable operations had been effected. Sales since the commencement of the slaughter, 140,000. Hides, salted ox, were quoted 37 to 40 reals ; cow, 33 reals. Wool market unchanged. Exchange on England, 70s. to 71s. France, 88* to 89. At Rio Janeiro the coffee market was exceed ingly firm. All attempts of buyers to obtain an abatement , n prices were unsuccessfuL The arrivals amounted to 3,000 bags per diem. Stock, 100,000 bags. Exchange, 27} to 271. The bills negotiated on London for the present mail reached 380,0001., and on Paris 600,000 fr. The rate of discount con tinned at 10 per cent. At Pernambuco the weather was fine. Produce arrived at market freely. Sugar suited for the French market was quoted 1.900 rein per arroba ; for the Channel, browns, 1.700. The demand for dry salted hides was limited, and prices had declined to 163 rem per lb. In Exchange 55,01.10/. sterling had been nego tiated on London at 271 to 281. Freight for the Channel, 40s. to 455. At Bahia, sugar continued in brisk demand at former quotations. Coooa, small supply. Hides, stocks small. No sales of tobacco ; stocks large, and increasing ; quotations nominal. Coffee was quiet, costing 645. to 655. per cwt., freight ex cluded. Exchange transactions were limited, at 273 to 28. EXPRESS FROM PARIS. RUSSIAN CRUELTY. inox ova OWN COMSPONDI2fr., PARLS, 81111 DAT EVZIMIG. This is Easter Sunday. The holiday is even more complete than usual, iu consequence of the beau tiful weather. There are no evening papers. The Monideur itself complains of the want of intelli gence. In default of news I send you a translation of an article of M. Texier's in the Steele, which is enough to make the hair to stand on end, and to lead men to wonder how mankind can support the existence of such a nation as Russia : There never was in the world • people who has suffered more tortures from despotism than Poland. Prisons, dun geons, confiscation', fusillades, executions, banishment, and transportation, form the staple of its lamentable history for the last century. The object is manifest—the Russian government calculates upon domination by extermination. I know of no expression which so completely cha racterless Russian policy aa that of Meatus— "Solitodinem haunt, pacem appellant." And the more pitiless the op. pressor the more heroic is the oppressed. All the Pole's sufferings have failed to quench or even to weaken his faith and hope, and he may ay in his bondage as Alfieri did of Italy, " We are slaves, but we are indignant slaves." Of all Russian punishment" the longest and the most terrible is transportation to Siberia. A man sentenced to be shot dies • martyr and there an end ; the exile may at least hear in distant lands the echo of his. country's voioe ; but trans portation to Siberia is burying alive. Let os fellow the stages of this Calvary. The Siberian tragedy is in three acts. There is the imprisonment, the journey, and the des tination. The Pole condemned to transportation puss" is the first place, through the hands of the Remise police. Their business is to extort confessions, to which end they use three principal mesas, the knout, the piste, and the stick. The knout is a long straight leathern strap steeped in an essence mixed with • quantity of iron filings. This preparation makes the strap exceedingly heavy sad hard. The knout cuts into the skin of the victim like a knife. A ukase of Peter the Great fixes the maximum of the blows which may be given with the knout at 101. Like th e ' oda, the Russian law loves odd numbers—one hundred and one! What s magnanimous Emperor! Patients often die before coming to the fiftieth stroke. The plate is com posed of three strong straps with leaden balls at the mid, It does not tear off the flesh like the knout, but breaks the skin, and very often the spine. As to the punishment of B en i n g with rods, which is also called " filing past," it is inflicted with long sticks, newly out, and steeped in water to make them more supple. The man condemned to this punish ment is made to pass through two files of soldiers, each armed with • stick, and every man strikes him with all his might ea he goes by. A ukase of the same Peter (that greet man thought of everything) fixes the maximum of these blows at twelve thousand. It is found in practice that two thousand are about enough to kill • man. The Abbi, Sierocewaki, who succeeded in organising in Siberia that veal conspiracy which is known by his name, was me towed to undergo the "filing past." When he was all I ready for the punishment, • regimental surgeon recom mended him to drink some strong liqueur contained in a fl►sk which he put to his lips. " You may drink my blood," was the reply, " 1 will none of your liquor." When the signal was given the prisoner advanced, chanting in a firm voice, "Niters mei Dens secuadum rnagnam mimed. centime hum." General Golofieff cried out to the soldiers "Strike harder, harder." The victim had only gone once through the ranks when he fell senseless in the snow. "Go on," cried the general. The soldiers went on, but they only struck • corpse. This 's the end of the first set. Let m now par to the second. Judgment is pro nounced. It la triaestestatios to Siberia—that Siberia which has received so many noble Ind illustrioas Polish lanais& Madame Eva Felineks, that pest martyr, the mother of the present Archbishop of Warsaw, wee sent to caned the most terrible places in all Siberia—BenisoL The Polish Prince Roman Sauguski, condemned to trans portation, could not even obtain the favour generally accorded to the nobility to be allowed to perform the journey in a carriage. The Emperor Nicholas wrote at the foot of the sentence, in his own hand, the words "on foot." It is • journey of from 1,600 to 1,8001/agues. The farthest destination beyond the Chiral Mountains requires a year's marching to reach. A year on foot, across steppes of ice and snow, and with rob bers and murderers for companions. During the whole Journey the prisoners wear irons on their bands and feet, and are guarded by Cossacks ready to strike them on the least excuse. Siberia receives ten thouland tr•naporis an nually. The law allows a wife to follow her husband ; but when awe she arrives in Siberia, she cannot go away, and the children born in that land of exile are for ever serfs of the crown. When owe the convoy is in motion, it never stops. The sick ere thrown upon a waggon. One day the convoy in which Seicield was fell in with the Duke de Leachtemberg and his wife, the n nee Maria, •ear Moscow. The daughter of Nichols ink that there were Poles among the prisoners, • owl to see them, and stayed • long time, looking at them end weeping. The Duke de Leachteaberg west up to Sieciski and promised to ask hie pardon of the Emperor. The Emperor refused. To give an idea of Raman clemency, we may cite the saying of Gene ral Bibikof, who had lost an arm at Borodino. A Pole fell on his knees before him to ask par don for his sou. "The hand which signs pardons," an swered Bibikof, "I last at Borodino." The third sot is the reactance in Siberia, which generally terminates only with death. There are, however, two instances of escapes. One of Count Beniowski in the last century ; the other of M. Ruffin Pietrnwski, professor in the Polish school of Paris. Hie "Souvenirs of • Siberian" are written with • manane tude which reminds one of Silvio Pellico. DESPATCHES FROM EARL RUSSELL ON THE POLISH QUESTION. The Courvier du Dimanche publishes the follow;ug important diplomatic documents : EARL RE:BULL TO LORD lAMB, BRITISH AIII3ABRADOR AT T. PrII3BBORO. Foreign-Office, Much 2, 1863. My Lord,—Her Majesty's government is deeply affected by the state of thing' in Poland. It sees, in the first place, • great part of the population in open insurrection against the government, and a considerable military force engaged in putting down this insurrection. The natural and pro bable result of such • struggle mast be "seamed to be the triumph of the military force ; but this triumph, if ob tained by a series of combat', must necessarily be &mom palsied by a lamentable effusion of blood, by • amides able sacrifice of lives, and by material oalamities of all kinds, the effects of which will be felt for very many yens to come, Moreover the acts of violence and reciprocal destruction inseparable from • conflict of this nature must engender animosities which will envenom the relations between the Russian government and the Pol'sh nation for the tutors. While, however, regretting the existence of such • sad state of things in • foreign country, the Queen's government would not have thought it proper to make an official com munication of it. sentiments on this subject, but for special circumstanoss which place it with regard to the present con dition of Poland in a peculiar situation. The kingdom of Poland was constituted and united to the Russian empire by the treaties of 1815, to which the British government wags contracting party. The present unfortunate state of sffrirs is attributable to the fact that Poland is not in the situation provided for by those treaties. Neither i Poland in the awe situation in which she was placed by the Emperor A's:ander I. Under his reign • National Diet sat at W.'aaw, and the Poles of the kingdom enjoyed piivilcges calculated to assure their political welfare. So long ago as the year 1832 symptoms of discontent and agitation began to show themselves, and three symptoms have been followed from time to time by revolts and useless bloodshed. The Queen's government is quite aware that the immediate cause of the PTOOVIIi in smmctiou was the oonacription lately imposed upon the Polish nation ; but that measure itself was only adopted on accsunt of the discontent of the Poles with the political condition of their country. The landowners and the boar. gcoiaie found this condition unbearable, and although the peasants may not have evinced an equal degree of hostility they have not, at all events, supported the Russian govern ment. Greet Britain, am a party to the treatise of 1815, and as • power deeply interested in the tra•qullity of Europe thinks herself therefore authorised to cake known her opinion of the events of which Poland L the theatre, and she desires to do so with the most friendly feelings towerds Russia, and with the most sincere wish to contribute to the benefit of all patties interested. Why should not hi Im perial Majesty, whose kindly feeling are universally rsoog. nised, put an end onoe for all to this Woody struggle, by generously proclaiming an immediate and complete amnesty for ell his revolted subjects, and by announcing at the same time his intention to re-establish the kingdom of Poland without delay in the enjoyment of the civil and political privileges which were granted to it by the Emperor Alexandee I. in conformity with the stipnlatioes of 1815? If his Majesty wer e to take this coulee, • diet and a national administration would, in all probability, content the Poles, sad would give satisfaction to the public opinion of Europe. You will be pleased, my lord, to read this dispatch to Primo Gortachakoff, and to leave him a copy of it. (Signed) Roaast.i.. The Courtie► du Dinuosehe also gives the follow ing as the material passage of an English diplo matic circular of March 4, to which a copy of the above despatch was annexed. Earl Russell begins by informing the diplomatic agents of Great Britain of the step which he had taken at St. Petersburg, and begs them to communicate the despatch of March 2to the cabinets to which they are accre dited : VAL RUSBILL TO THE IMISLIMTATITMS O THI QUM AT PAILS, STALLN, VIENNA, MLOZW, LISBON, LID STOCK HOLM. (Extract.) Foreigo.office, March 4, 1863. In the opinion of the Queen's government a transmission of analogous appreciations to St. Petersburg on the part of the representatirm of the powers who signed the treaties of 1815, might result in putting a stop to the effusion of blood and the re-establishment of the Polish people in the enjoyment of the rights promised them at Vienna, and of which they have long been dispossessed. Her Majesty's government thinks that the beet means of essurieg the peace of Europe would be to restore to the Polee the privi lege of a diet end a malarial administration. RUSSELL A Turin letter of the 2nd mays the government has received news that • strong carps of brigands is pre. wing to set out from Rome, and that they will probably have with them • couple of light gone to be carried on mules' backs. The Minister at War has given orders for • fitting reception to these reinforcements of the throes and the altar. . . _ Advicea from Hanover announce that a minis: feria crisis is imminent there. The sew ministry will pro bably, it is said, be more liberal than the present one, and will comprise one of the most eminent champions of liberal Germany, M, de Bennigaes. The Prussian Moniteur publishes a notice, signed by Count d'Eulemburg, Minister of the Interior, announcing that the South German Gazette, which appears at Frankfort ; the Nationalrerein, weekly journal, published at Coburg ; the Reform, of Hamburg ; and the Bund, of Berne, are prohibited in Prussia by an application of art. 52 of the law on the press, which permits the interdiction of such foreign joornals as have had several 'umbers condemned to seizure by the tribunals. Sr. PATRICK'S DAY IN Naw YORK.—SL Patrick', Day was celebrated in New York with great eutlindasm. The Araerkens who were present at the celebration bore testimony to the heroism of the Irish in fighting for the Mike. Ooe speaker humorously described Irishmen as fightiog in all mcdern engagements, and even in the WS of the ardent Jews, for be believed that the great Irish family of the Mae-Caber was represented by the Maccabees. At one of the meetings of the Boos of St. Pattie • New York paper tells n that the notorious Mr. Edwin James reepooded to the toed of " Civil and Religious Liberty." He referred to the emigration of the early Pilgrim Fathers, which had been so long celebrated ; and be hoped that the day would soon come when the arrival of the fled Irish miles would be celebrated in a similar manner. He then spoke on the advantage which had resulted to America from the admixture of Irish blood with her people. He then alluded to the persecution against the catholic church in Miami, and made a most eloquent appeal In favour of civil and religious liberty. LORD PALArsasroN IN EDINBURGH. On Good Friday, Lord Palmerston attended Divine service at St. Peler's Chapel, Lunen-place, Edia bora, aecompanied by the Bight Ron. Mr. Cowper. Mp th. , K aay Ev e ly n Ashley, and by the Load Provost ;ad his family. The dispel was crowded. At the oonelusite at the Bessie* the party returned to the Lord Piercers boem where they partook of luncheon . Shortly after two o'clock Lord Pa'mentos, Mr. Cowper, and Mr. Ashley, tike Queen ▪ by the Lord Provost and family, drove roared fle e Queen's Drive in two private carriages to Dunsappie whore the whole party dismounted for the of meanding to the summit of Arthur's Seat. T he y at onc e began to seceod the eastern slope to the summit of the huh On reaching the crest of the lion's head the noble Premier seemed less fatigued than other members of the party wh o have not yet seen half his years. The Premier garvay e d with peat apparent delight the gorgeous putoro ft visible from the summit ; and oo being =gradated re his eneesseful went, said be bed bean there a blushed times before. The day wee warm and gresiel, but the at• morphere war somewhat hazy, thereby dimin i shing th e ex . teat and splendour of the view. The city, although scot. what obscured by the smoke and the thickness of the was seen to peat •ivantsge. The noble Premier, who coo. templated the acme for a considerable time, expressed he admiration of it in the warmest terms. The party then di. mended the hill, and the absence of any appearance of fatigue on the pert of Lord Palmerston wee the subject of astonishment and remark on the part gf the beholders. pa n re-entering the earriege, a number of young ladies —who happened to be eujoviog the Good Friday holiday on the bill—gave his lordship a hearty cheer, which he courteously acknowledged, end remarked 2. "We should have seen the ladies on the top of the MR" The party then drove to liolyrood, where they were received by Mr. Matheson, of the Board of Wort s . Mr. Matheson first analocted his lordship through the State is and the roans recently ceded to the crown apartmen ts of Breadalhane and the Duke of,t The next piece visited was the Picture Gilkey of the where his lordship inspected particularly the portrait of Mary Queen of Soots, and the four curious historical past nip by Maleness, recently sent from Hempton Court upon the repreeestation of a large number of the nobility el Scot. land. Queen Mary's &pertinent; were next visited, and his lordship Inspected with great interest the airdrome by which the oonspiraton eteeed the Queen's apartment, where she was supposed to have been at sapper with Wino on the eight of the murder, as Wee the stains of blood on the step", which tradition relates issued from the wounds of the unfortunate favourite. Lord Palmerston was then shown through the chapel, the architecture of tie great waters entrance of which be particularly admired. His lordship also expressed himself as greatly pleased with the extension and improvements of the ground surrounding the Palace. On leaving Holyrood the noble lord was loudly cheered by the crowd el people who had assembled in the Palace yard. The party text proceeded to the Lord Provost's house, where Lord Palmerston, on bidding the Lord Provost fare. wen expressed bin heartfelt gratification at the serail re ception he had met with from the public of Edinburgh, end the kind hospitality be and his party had ex at the Lord Provost's hands—both of which re r ro c a . ll ever remember with the most pleasurable feelings. Ltird Palmerston, havioe been made alien that a servant who had been with Dupld Stewart well remem bered his lordship when he was under the professor's roof in early days, took occasion on Friday to pay ber • visit in No. 1,1 Rankellorstreet, mid expressed himself se hoeing brie much pleseed with renewing the acquaintance of the old domestic, " Peggie Forbes." Dr. John Brown bad dis covered the existence of this old association, and with it a box of tools Irbil& were the property of " Young Melee Hoary" of those days. The eight of them called up the memory of days long bygone, and the Prime Minister was anxious not to leave Edinburgh without expreering his kind remembrance of her who in humble life bad Saar for. gotten him. About half-past Ave, Lord accompanied by ter. Cowper and Mr. Ashley, to the residence of Sir William Gibson Craig, the Lord Clerk-Register, at Itiocartou, where he remained the night. The party to meet his lordship at dieser oonsiated of Lord and lady Dunfermline, Mrs. Hey Mackenzie, Yr count Dalrymple, the Lord Justice-General, the Lord Juirtios-Clark, the Lord Advocate, Lord Curriehill, Mr. Burwell, and Mr. J. Gibson-Craig. On Thursday, proves. to Lord Palmentoe's visit to Leith, the Right Roo. Mr. Cowper, Pint Ootendesioner of Works, went over the sew publics buildinp—the Post-oelce, the Regiater-odios, aid the Industrial Mussum--atteaded by Mr. Matheson. The right hop. putlenan expressed his entire satiefactiou with the program of the works connected with these buildings.— &odonan. APPALLING ACCIDENT 10 AN EXPRESS TRAIN. STAILFO . IID, era[[, i. An express train on the Great Northern Railway, travelling as the ordinary speed of 40 miles an hour was literally dashed to pieces on Saturday evening, and yet, wonderful to relate, no lives were lost, although, of course, most of the pawners were severely hurt. The snidest happened close to the Little Bytham station, about seven mtka from Stamford. For some disteece north of Little Bytham the line runs along a high embankment, which, on passing the village itself, is elevated above the tops of the adjacent houses. Some 5C yards from the station are a series of what are technically called "coal drops," by means at which and trains are unloaded of their contents ; the ands paste! through openings between the nuts to the ground below, whence they are carted away. At this point the line appears to be elevated somewhere about 20ft. above the road below. On a siding over the coal crops stood • nur..ber of goods vans sod cattle trucks on Saturday evening at the time of the accident, and to this circumstance mist in • great measure be attributed the escape of any of the peamengen with their lives. An exposes train leaves Manchester for London at 3 p.m., and on Saturday it consisted of four composite menages, separated from the tender by • break-van ; the rear being brought up by a second break-van, in which was the guard. The number of passengers is understood to have been be. Sweep B) and 30. At 6 o'clock the train bad just passed Little Bytham village, and was within about 150 yards of the station, the speed being, as already mentioned, at least 40 miles an hour, when the tire of the Iwdiag wheel of the engine suddenly snapped and flew off. The whale train im mediately left the main line, ploughed up the ballast, sad rushed through the metals of several sidings. The swim struck the Bret of the vans standing over the coal drew before mentioned. The noise of the shock is &seedbed as resembling the simultaneous disch arg e of a park of artillery, while the dust which was raised temporarily bid what had , taken place from the view of those who were looking out from the station hard by. No description can convey any adequate idea of the wreck thus meow- Sadly accomplished. Most of the cattle trucks ad goods vans on the siding were completely shivered to fragments, the woodwork being detached from the wheels and eaters all around; strong telegraph poles were snapped like slender reeds, and, to add to the confusion, the wires rendered temporarily useless for communication ; the engine and tender were " doubled up" in a way which plainly indicates the terrible force of the collision, while the carriages of the train were shattered and piled about the embankment in a state of ruin which rendered it apparently hopeless to *s tead that any of the paesengers could be found alive. One of the carriages, containing several persons, occupied • most extraordinary position ; the wheels at one end were resting across the metals on the verge of the embankment, while the other end was supported by the telegraph wires, and thus prevented from falling a considerable depth. The accident occurring so near • station, assistance was promptly rendered, and the terrified passengers were extri cated from the fragments. Some were drawn through the windows of the dismantled carriages. lt was then found that happily no lives had been =minced, though many were stemmed and bleeding. The chief sufferers ameng the pee- Isogon appeared to be Mr. and Mrs. Fletcher, of Hollers& house, Clapham-common, who were on their way home from Newark. Mr. Fletcher was severely cut about the bead and face, besides having sustained various other ia juries ; and Mn. Fletcher was still more severely hint. Both were conveyed to an inn near the station, where their wounds were dreamed. Captain Bandtey, late of Harrowby, near Grantham, was among the other suf ferers, has chief injury being a cut oe the knee. Charles Clarke, the driver, was thrown with great violence from his pleas on the engine to the groued, and is very badly knot, it beim/ feared that some of his limbs are fractured. The stoker was thrown from the tender on the top of one of the go od. vans, and WY very little the worse for the die aster. The guard also camped almost unhurt. Several of the slightly wounded passengers returned to their houses by • north train, and others proceeded on their jouroey by the Leeds express, which came up some time slier the occur rence. Meanwhile, information of the accident was forwarded to Peterborough and Grantham, and the medical alone of the district, including Messrs. Walker, Coßiagwood, Mager. Fsrneley, and James, were conveyed to Little Bytbam, with the least possible delay. They bestowed the attention which was necessary upon the wounded, and were enabled to leave in the course of the night. The " break-clown gangs" from Peterborough end Granthant,with their powerful mach eery and appliances, were soon engaged in clearing the main lines. They worked by the light of fires, made of the broken carriages ; and as the greater part of the wreck WWI ea the sidings, the general traffic was not long impeded. But for the obstruction offered by the trucks and Valli steadies ea the siding the whole tram must Lave gone over the embankment. ACCIDINT AT • LAMICA.--On Saturday after- Dona a splendid iron screw steamship, named the Rangoon, iatao&d for the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Oompany, was launched from the ship-building yard of Yews. Samude, at Blackwell; but unfortunately, in at tempting to bring her up, she took ground on the opposite Bent) side, where she remained on Saturday evening, The which is nearly 3.000 tons burthem left the slip in t emost easy style, and all seemed fair for a most suc cessful launch. It would smieer, however, that on enuring her future element she sequired such an impetus that she went ashore. Several powerful steaniturs got bold of her. and by their united power endeavoured to haul her off, but to oo purpose, and as the tide began to fall it wee evident that her floating could not then be accomplished. On the tide receding on Saturday evening gangs of labourers were employed in cutting away a channel for her, sod yesterday about midday she Seated, without baying sustained soy material Injury. B+ City steal bled. theig addil stitu 6.4.5, At cow Co 600 Ran -U =or ac Midi Ad mU tad carp ist4 dots guar tad: for t coed sort abr.!