The Express. — London, England, 1847-09-01 00:00:00

euPnoties of goods for their own private use. The second 'ha is the same as that adopted en the frontiers of other countries. with the excericn that in Austria the custom house officers are so inadequately remunerated that they cannot afford to be honest,. ern if ,they are q t o d o t ed. Smuggling into Austru s also encouraged ty t h e r egulations of the Germanic confederation, which permit the contrabandist to take goods out of bond, and, under the supervision of an officer, to convey them to any girt of the adjoining border, or to bring them back again if he think tit so to do ; that is to say, if he finds unable to cross the frontier without performing the uspleaant operation of paying duty. In 1844, the value of these smuggled goods—which consisted chiefly of coffee, ' , qt y.', spirit+, champagne, wine, English cotton r ob, French silica, camliries, cobras, embtoideries, Lyons kasb, Paris bijouterie, &c.—wu estimated at 1,500,0001., which estimate is certainly rather below than above the m ark. So extensive is this trade, and its existence se gene• sally recognised, that there are, what we may term, insurance companies, who, for a consideration of from 5 to 30 per cent., according to the risk, will undertake to deliver the goods at Prague, Vienna, or elsewhere, or to forfeit the value in de hilt thereof. If we add the amount of this trade to the aggregate su= of the general returns, we find that the foreign commerce of Austria amounted — In ISO, to Which is little over IL a bead for the entire population To compare this rerun with the foreign trade of rag lend, we must addle the valuation of the commercial afbirs of Great Britain and hybrid X131,000,0110 The amount of the Maids comment of British depen drones £149,000,400 And deduct from the grand total the estimate of the rode between England and our colonial presessions_ 40,000,000 There remains—the total value of the mercantile trans senses of the English empire with foreign countries, carried on by • population of 130,000,000 of lnh• bitants About 16s. 9d. per head; a clear proof that, in fair propor• tion, the foreign trade of Austria is not behind our own. If we admit that there is some appearance of injus tice in dividing the amount of the English foreign trade among the whole population of our colonies, when, in point of fact, • considerable proportion can scarcely be said to influence the returns at all, we must not forget that the extent of our traffic is greatly enlarged by certain commodi ties, of which the alight estimation in the Austrian imports only proves the greater affluence of that country in some Etter...Bey articles, such as grains, Tines, lambswool, flax, hemp, reed, silk, timber, cattle, &c.: and the want of taste for some other articles—for instance' tea, which, with the articles abure enumerated, forms half the value of our imports. In order the morn clearly to explain the nature of Austrian commerce, we subjoin the following official return of the quantity of goods imported into, exported from, or transited through, the Austrian dominions. Coffee . sift 149,705 518,04 28522 11,112 %Orin. sad dates 01res cal (foreign) OW Dalmatian sad amp, line, and rep oil !Mt 110,972 232,579 57,451 RP blip" a.. ».......... 1 W,848 1 2.5,019 928 211,949 1 lOW I 268,086 111,792 149,267 41,312 114,4% 22,337 48,604 44,130 108,189 /43,305 31,852 1,,85511,209,724 676,184 88,811 426,0/6 imusublemall. ! — Wines, thdmatiss ael balm Ditto, Italian... Ditto, simal Oran iii,i 31,.1 1 1111,t 37,793 6,001 4,447 4,773 Cove ad atm 149,382 4,976 114,333 13,947 111,611 1?.12! Scan Moir is . l tad . /beim 11,396 1,321 41,181 44,044% 118,80: 13,298 18,911 4,361,928 3,18! 1,517,111 .26,105 1,810 10,439 847 2,326 2,319 1,332 2,583 33,938 3,019 4,038 I ip 6m6 wooed Yr Cala maw" . -- e,iii 128,018 AO! OW = 16,226 113,87? ILma -- —... .. . at* throws ....... I Flu 1,1 8 20,632 14,818 _,___ 1,590 7,232 17,428 20,397 30,761 1 5,751 576 129,969 /kap n 1 Sow. Wool o and ma Cleves, 412, sal pot ribs Fetthen br Ink 63,43 67,977 $3,607 83; 4,979 1,077 Tow Trtun aIL $2,679 238 4,238 42.627 13,442 509 23,229 314 9,633 7,233 94 Yams. alba Diu%lbsa ..... Ditto, guild Leal/art, mom vallikek OM= mimbilessi ...... =llir prim MID . Sat It mho! mmilaborid 4,423 31.831 29,191 12,131 18,290 /81 935 104 439 9,342 lisimestind Inn Waving apponi —. Psalm Ormawnts 33,963 342 - 1,531 917 109,591 119,0?0 53, 446,872 181,9513 SON 2,632 6,707. 30,383 1,12 G 022,0q0 2,267,000 894,61 X) 169,00 9,564 Macey Machinery Book., map. - ••- - e;i4s 224,222 10,302 The dation on goods imported into Austria amounted to 1,681,5001, about 91 per cent. on 17,948,5001. The duties collected in Great Britain on imports of the value of 75,441,5551., amounted to 23,849,5601., or 311 per cent. From this statement it seems that the custom duties are sot so heavy in Austria as they were in England, previous to the revisal of the tariff. Of the sum of 1,681,4001., the greater part, viz., 1,160,0001., was collected on the goods enter, d for consumption ; and we. contributed by the following articles, in the following r re r t i s i rl s cOtfo , al goods agnculturo yarro Stog. for manufactured sadisitasaanfairtared 74 pods llanithictuicti commodities sad works of art— 14 The duties, in proportion to the population, amount, in Austria, to 10 id. per head ; and in England, where twmty eight millions of inhabitants were taxed to the extent of 23,849,5601., the proportion was ne less than 17,. per bead. From this summary it would appear that the Austrian tariff is regulated rather with a view to increase the reve nue than a desire to protect the national industry were it not that the latter is cared for by the prohibition of certain articles, which being only manufactured without the Aus trian domains, and in great demand within, are supplied exclusively by the smuggler. On the whole, however, it must be admitted even by these most hostile to the politics of the Austrian government that its commercial legislation has been humane in intention and often liberal in opinion. Fully one hundred years ago maw grievances which still exist in other countries were abolished - I as, for instance, the forfeiture of wrecks to the crown,the law d reprisals, staple laws, &c., &c. Regulations for commtialll mid exchange have been in force upwards of one hundred and twentyifive years ; one hundred years have " travelled from the mystic future into the recorded past" since *apse mulganon of the custom laws; more than 90 years have elapsed since consuls were first appointed; 82 years have &PIM away since insurance offices were authorised ; 75 yam him pawd since the first normal school was erected ; bank has been Ibundest these 34 years ; and, at the prissat time, • network of highways, 15,000 miles in extant, in worm over the surface of the country ; and Austria is very hr before France in reference to the length of railroad smiel pleted and at the service of the public. It would be *vat to reproach the government of Austria solely for the pell. tical state of that country; and, in its steady and condom& activity in promoting commercial enterprise, we pavan lie inclination to a really liberal and enlightened ecomaudad policy—a policy, we believe, in perfect accordance with the predominant views and wishes of the people, And this is of material consequence for our own country. The direst trade between Great Britain and Austria during the year 1844 amounted to 1,351,9291 , ,... Vie Trieste Ta k .l l -4 Mai Vance 20.279 ivTn; 926 3f!47 meta Oat* 2 . 2311 4.691 /771,770 £580,159 But more important was the indirect trade through the Zollverein, which was the channel of our whole commerce with Austria in indigo, cochineal, cotton goods, cobras, and Sheffield wares, the Imports of which (legal and illegal) can . not fall far short of 4,000,0001., for which we receive in return, wool, silk, lambskins, etc. If we do not deceive ourselves in looking upon the existing treaty with Austria only as the preparation for a more cordial intimacy,—if we are not mistaken in our belief that Austria awaits only our proposal, to respond to our recent emancipa tion from the prohibitive system by a modification of her putrefies duties in favour of our manufactures and the pro duce dour colonies,—then we cannot doubt that the con sumption in one country of articles produced by the other would at once increase to such an extent, that each country would become the best customer the other would pewees; that the consumption in the one would stimulate the industry of the other; and that, by the mutual and combined ad ',lmages of this improved traffic, both the Austrian notion nod the treasury would find themselves requited in a tenfold degree for the swine. from which they have been hitherto shrinking. A FILNT TO THE OWNERS or itOT-HOIAEu.- 4i D i ve me air, er •.hall die !" is ••• tvvyinsireicr. wolch Toast people have heard occasionally, but which a gardener Itifht listen to every hour of his existence, had he the skill to intermet the language of plants. " Give me air, or I dull die," is incessantly repeated by every leaf in ninety- Was hothouses, greenhouses, conservatories, hibernatories, end pits in a hun dre d, all over Europe. But the voice is un awed • the pale looks, the feeble frames of the sufferers are dims"' ded ; hest is offered as a substitute for air, and the duties of horticulture are thought to be fulfilled when a blanket is wrapped round a patient perishing of suffocation. Gardener's Chronick. EnIERHATION or Ben. Acting on the hint riOT dropped in this paper from the experizitents of a "tacilist, a gentleman of Great Marylebone-street ••• contrived an apparatus for etlaerising bees, which doe* Its 'Mk without the least trouble. The bees are at drat much agitated, then stnpified, and fall to the ground, when they au ybe handled with impunity. The effect Is produced in ftW mere than a minute and a half. OVERLAND INDIA MAIL. BOMBAY, Jtte 19, 1847. 7:ll_e_jfitellistituve gmegyed by the present mail is of considerable interest, though not of • very imaitiac nature. The chief items are supplied by India, and the native Mates in &Ilium with or subordinate to it. One of the most im portant is the deposition of the Maharajah of Nepeul by his subjects, and the placing on the throne of the heir-apparent in his stead. It is now some months since • bloody massacre took place at his capital of Katmandoo, by instigation of the Maharajah, in revenge for the murder o f some of his adhe rents by order of the Queen. Shortly after this the King un dertook a pilgrimage to the holy city of Benares, in our do minions, ostensibly for the purpose of purifying himself after the committal of such atrocities, but in reality, I believe, to getout of the way of his enraged subjects till the remembrance of his delinqueccies should have been obliterated from their minds. He remained at Bemires for a few months, during which time his enemies had not been idle. Their cabals coming to kiss ear he halted at a place called Segowlee, and despatehed • messenger with • letter to the chiefs at Katmendno, statiniseehat_he had heard, and ordering them , i mmediately to send the prime minister, Jung Bahadoor— the the favourite of his Queen—a prisoner to his camp, with all 'his family and relatives. In the event of his refusing to obey his sovereign's mandate the chiefs were directed to take his life and send his head to Segowlee. But Jung Bahadoor had raised up for himself a powerful party at Katmandoo, and the chiefs, having held a consultation on receipt of the King's letter, came to the conclusion that their royal master was mad, and instead of obeying his behests they unani nimowily agreed to depose him and place the heir apparenton the throne of Nepaul in his stead. The resolution was sooner come to than it was carried into effect. A letter was sent to the ex-Maharajah, acquainting him with what had been done ; stating, at the same time, that should he wish to return to his country, he would be treated with ell respect as • private individual; or, should he not intend returning, suitable provision would be made for his main tenance in India. Some 8,000 of those disaffected towards the new order of matters at Katmandoo are said, mean. while, to have joined the royal camp at Segowlee; and, if so, it is probable the old king may be induced to make an attempt to recover his throne by their aid. It is seldom such bloodless revolutions occur anywhere—still less seldom at Katmandoo. It is not very likely that our government will interfere in this matter, as the deposed sovereign was a bloodthirsty tyrant, and apparently an object of the deepest ' hatred to his subjects. Everything continued quiet at Katmandoo, and the ex-king was, by latest accounts, at Segowlee—probably contemplating on his future proceed ings. It is not unlikely he may submit to his nusseeb (fate), and return to the holy city of Benaree, there to end his ill , spent life in peace and quiet. The Itajpootana States supply the next most pleasing and important item. Slave dealing has been abolished from the land, and the very name of slave is no more to be men tioned. Some short while since, suttee and infanticide were prohibited by the same chiefs ; it is now declared a capital offence to aid or abet in these, or even to witness them. These things have been brought about by our political agents, which redound more to their honour than almost anything else they could have employed themselves in accomplishing. Tee chiefs of the Rajpootans States are going more ahead than any of the native princes of India, there being now in Bombay workmen from different trades sent by them for the purpose of being instructed in their professions in the Polytechnic Institute lately esta blished here, and which will commence operations in right earnest after the monsoon. Some of these men are exceedingly expert and skilful, and whet properly instructed in the use and construction of European implements they will carry back with them to their homes samples and drawings of agricultural and household instruments, the general iatro duction of which into practice will be attended with the most beneficial results to the country. In the Bombay Times Summary of this morning particulars are given of these things which are well worthy of a place in your paper.— Brigadier Dyce his made over charge of the Ooomaoor agency about the middle of June. The districts continue in as disturbed • state as ever. The celebrated leader Chokra Bisshye is still at large, though offering terms of ennead. r. Attacks are still made on the smell parties of our troops scattered about the country, which generally end in our soldiers being obliged to abandon their posts and join the next party to them. This gives the insurgents confi dence, and leads them to attack our posts more frequently than they would do did they know we were strong enough to give them • suitable reception. The Madras Spectator, the strenuous defender of Captain M.Pherson's (the former agent, under whose management the Meriah sacrifices had been entirely suspended for a length of time) policy, thus expresses himself as to the present state of the country A comparison of the state of the conntry now with that in which It was after the first campaign in the former rebellion, most clearly indicates a great feeling of insecurity on the part of the people, rind their want of confidence in the present agency. Then, though Dora fikellye, the chief leader of the rebellion, was still at large, and the Khends unsubdoed, confidence and tranquillity were restored to the low country. Culttration was everywhere meted on and villages re built. (Now, agriculture is at a stand, villages unbuilt, sad the roots crowd the tope at Nowgsum.) Mr. Rumen, however, still non. aidered the presence of several battalions necessary to the full restora tion of peace to the country; while Col. Campbell seems to deem a knit of MO matchlock men all that is requidte. Mr. Rowell had sagacity enough to perceive that a barbarow race, when their pus- Woos bad been recited by war, could only be reduced to order by severity and • display of power. With the example of the results at the Cope of • contrary Use of policy before their ems, it is strange that government should have expec!cal that peace could be restored to the country by confessions made to barbarity still at open war. The state of affair' in Oudh continues in the main as usual. The King is a tool in the hands of his minister, though said to be on any hut friendly terms with him. 8o long as be is let run on in his course of indulgence in all the vices which degrade a native court he cares not for anything else, and his minister takes advantage of this state of thine' to carry out his own designs of aggrandisement. The King has been remonstrated with by our resident, Colonel Richmond, and also by our government, but he heeds them not. It is high time some more potent mea sures were taken by us with him and his affairs than we have heretofore ventured on. Why not depose him at once, and place his brother—a man represented in the most favourable light —on the throne in his stead ? Such a step was adopted with the Rajah of Sattarah not long since, and has been attended with the best results . the wisdom of such a proceeding towards Oudh is admitted by all. Till something of the kind is done we cannot expect to hear of anything but disorder at Lucknow. The minister had recovered from the wounds inflicted on him a short while since, and three of the attempted esteeming bad been tried and condemned—the carrying into effect of their sentence having, for the present, been deferred. In my last I mentioned that the joint-stock bank, proposed to be formed in the Nizam's capital (Hyderabad) had been given up, owing to the shareholders disagreeing amongst themselves ; it has since been stated that it had actually paid seven out , f the fifty lac. it had agreed to lend to the go vernment, for which, doubtless, the capitalists hold good security. General Fraser is said to have advised the intro duction of a new coinage similar to that in use in the corn pany's dominions, but the Nixam is opposed to the measure —u, indeed, he is to every useful reform which is proposed by us. The abolition of tran sit duties in the Nizam's territory would seem to be in contemplation. The liabilities against the Ni zam's government amount to the enormous sum of 756,0001. The Calmata Englishman of the Bth July, re ceived this morning, mentions, on the authority of an Assam letter, that a large colony of men from China had settled in Bor Khamti, near our frontier. They are said not to be Chinese. The inhabitants of Khamti would not seem to be much enamoured of their new neighbours, and were endea vouring to drive them from their settlement. The English man anticipates that through these new settlers an important trade may be opened up overland with China, as the distance betwixt Upper Assam and the densely populous districts of Coins cannot be very great. Re recommends the establish ment of an annual fair at K hamti, to which he thinks the Chinese traders would gladly resort. The opening up of onsbad trade with China is certainly well worthy of being sought after, and probably were suitable merchandise taken for sale to Khamn, the traders might be induced to resort thither, to barter their goods with our merchants; but I fear the distance is too great, and the risks to be encountered too numerous, to admit of a hope of the traffic ever being carried on to any extent. The robber chief, or rather that prince of robbers, Doonghur Singh, still manages to " laugh at the beards" of those endeavouring to effect his capture. One day he is here—the next fifty miles off, he well knowing that his chief safety is in never continuing in one place, as even his own people would be inclined to betray him for the sake of the reward offered for his person, independently of the chance of his being over taken by our troops. He managed the robbery of the trea sury at Nuseeerabad in most artistic style, carrying off some 2,700/., having first overpowered the aepoy guard in charge of the treasure. Nothing positive had been heard of him after this affair, but the country all round was in great alarm, not knowing In what quarter he would next make his appearance. He is said to have about 600 followers, who disperse to avoid attracting notice, till an opportunity of act ing offers, when they assemble, as if by magic, and pounce on their prey. The Golcondah districts are said to be catching an irsur reetionary infection from causes similar to thole which set Ooomecior in • ferment. The poor ryots are said to have been harshly used, and to have for a length of time urged their grievances in vain. The rebels insist on their rajah and their country being restored to them, by which, I sup pose, they wish us to quit the district they threaten (the villagers with fire and sword if they dare to cultivate their lands for us, And on many occasions have carried their threats into execution, carrying off their wives and families as is done in Goommor, as hostages, I presume, that the husbands will either join them or set as they order them. We have here a wing of a regiment, the men and officers of which are heartily disgusted with their marching* and countermarching, through an unhealthy district to no pu radne supplies a few items of interest. The muti neers of the 6th cavalry, sentenced to transportation for life in 1844. he.. ‘sees cordoned. Thies , * cf ^lenience hierviva- rue to much discussion, the Madre journals oontending that it is a virtual acknowledgment on the part of the Marquis of Tweeddale of the injustice committed on the unfortunate ringleaders of the mutiny who suffered the penalty of death for their crime. The marquis has, how ever, by others been commended for this act of justice, how ever late in the day it has been performed. It is said the noble lord had received intimation that he would be relieved on his term of service expiring, which period has nearly arrived. It has also been rumoured that he applied for the poet of commander-in-chief of India, shortly expected to be vacant by the retirement of Lord (lough. A fresh trial in the rase of the convert girl Meeneatha wee applied for in the supreme court, but refused by Sir W. Burton. The deaths of Surgeon Harrison, and Lieutenants Maidnien, Bradley, and Prichard, lost in the late hurricane on the oast in April, have been officially announced as having oc caned on the 16th April, but the Madras journals have published a certificate, stating that the former embarked on board the ship Joseph Bobby, on the 10th of IMay, for Liverpool ; and the third named was meant with his corps at Seetabuldee on the lit of We may, therefore, presume government wrong as rma these two, buyi ri as i pears too certain that Lieuts . Maidma: and Prichard ardperish ed on the occasion. Mr. Lewis, C.S., of the Sudder A wlut, whole use lately occupied so much at t./WOO, has been allowed to resign the service. It is likely that on his Man hangland he will make important disclo sures as to the mode of earryingan the government of Madras. The ship Roberts, which was burnt to the water's edge, in the Hosgley, off Calcutta, on the 29th June, bail a Lascar crew, and it is still supposed that she has been the victim of incendiarism, but nothing to confirm the suspicion has been elicited. A draft act is said to be in course of pre paration by the legislative council of India forth. prevention of ship-burning, and that it will soon appear is the Gazelle. Lords Hardioge and Gough remain at the hills till October, when the former proceeds to Calcutta, where he remains till his departure from India in January next. It is expected the commander-ia-chief will not long remain after him. The mission to Tbibet, of which Lieutenant Strachey is the head, was to leave Simla about the middle of the present month. It was expected the Governor-General would call at Goruckpore, on his way from the hills to the low country. The chief topic of interest at Bombay during the fortnight has been the " coal conspiracy cam." The case was this : Messrs. Hub bard, Collett, and Co., tendered, through their Parsee broker, 100 tens of coals to government, at the rate of 14 rs. per ton. The tender was accepted, and the coals ordered to be given into the depot at Colaba. The money was paid, but the coals were never delivered : the conductor at the depot for granting receipts for coals he bed not received, to gether with Mr. Hubbard, were tried fur defrauding the government, and found guilty ; and the Parsee broker, betwixt whom and Livingston, the conductor, no doubt an understanding existed, was allowed to traverse till next session. The former two prisoners were sentenced to be imprisoned in the House of Correction for ti o years. The impression seems general that Hubbard was not aware of the fraud practised on the govern ment, and it is possible his term of imprisonment may be shortened. The day after the conviction and sentence of the above-named prisoners, Capt. Lynch, assistant-superintendent Indian navy, laid an information of a similar nature in the police-office against Mean. Cumming and nephew, and Conductor Livingston. Tenders for 300 tons of coals, at 14 es. per ton, had been accepted, the money p .id, but no coals had been delivered at the depOt. The way in which these coals were accounted for in the books was by giving each steamer from 30 to 60 tons short for her Aden voyage, and every other voyage in proportion. The same broker acted in both cases. At the police-office on Saturday, " Mr. Burn, solicitor, observed to the magistrate that his client, Mr. Cumming, would not hesitate to admit his haring signed the tender in question. It was very foolish of him, and he was tiny for it, but no inten tion of fraud existed on his part; he had net received a single rupee of the money ; he had given up to Cureetjee the cheque received from the Indian navy, and had taken a re ceipt for the same ; his client knew the guilty party; he bad no intention of screening him from punishment ; and he in tended disclosing everything he knew. The magistrate said it would be premature to enter into a defence until the entire evidence for the prosecution had been gone into." A man was tried at the last sessions for beating a woman so that she died. The judge was of opinion the crime amounted to murder. The jury gore a verdict of " aggra. 'sited manslaughter," for which the prisoner was sentenced to one month's imprisonment. This case was commented on by the Times, on which Sir E. Perry read the article from the bench, and pronounced it false, lie., at the same time commending the honesty of the reports of the trial in the daily papers from which the facts of the article which gave displeasure were derived. I regret to inform you of the death of Cept. T. M. B. Turner, garrison engineer at Bombay, which occurred on the 9th July. The deceased was universally respected and beloved for his many amiable qualities. The monsoon at Bombay has been extremely favourable so far, nearly 50 inches of rain having fallen. Trade continues rather dull, and the money market easy. The Bank of Bombay has declared a dividend of 8 per cent., and the Commercial Bank one of 9. A postscript so the Bombay Times summaryof this morn ing states that Sir C. Napier had applied to the Governor- General for a steamer to sail direct from Kurrachee to Suez in September next, owing to the ill-health of his lady. Her ladyship has now, - however, recovered, so that it is probable Sir Charles may not quit Scinde for some months to come. Everything was quiet and the troops healthy. Some Bengal Thugs had been caught at Kurracbee, and imprisoned. The most important item of news from the Punjaub was the illness, or rather weariness, of our Resident, Colonel Lawrence, who was about starting for Simla till the return of the cold weather. Sir John Littler had returned to the Jullundhur Doab, to give over charge, probably before his departure for Calcutta. Retrenchment is still being carried on at Peahawur, where the troops are being paid up and discharged. Dost Maho need's troubles are as far as ever from being over. It is mid that, like Peter, he has been obliged todisown our friendship to keep some of his subjects from open revolt : But this is the native newswriter's version of the story. The Bombay criminal session, concluded just as the mail left, has supplied the Indian press with much food for discussion. A man was sentenced by Sir Erskine Perry to the inadequate punishment of one month's imprisonment, for brutally beating his sister-in-law to death! The same judge, a few months before, sen tenced an English officer to three months' imprison ment and a fine of 501. for thrashing a native police man. Another case which has excited comment is that of a Hindoo indicted for perjury, and who has been discharged without trial, although a true bill was found against him by the grand jury. THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 1, 1847. rbe Court. ARDVERIME, SUNDAY, AUG. 29.—0 n Friday, the Earl of Aberdeen arrived on a visit to her Majesty. On Saturday, the only additions to the royal party were the Marquis of Abercorn and the Earl of Aberdeea. This day (Sunday) her Majesty and the Prince and the royal house hold attended the performance of divine worship at Ard vertkie. Despatches were sent off yesterday evening from the Colonial-office for the Governor of New South Wales, and also for the Governor of Van Diemen's Land. (From last night's Gazette.) THE NEW PEERS. WHITEHALL, AEG. 28. —The Queen has been pleased to direct letters patent to he peed under the Great Seal, granting the dignities of Viscount and Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland unto General the Right Hon. John Baron Strafford, of Harmondsworth, in the county of Middlesex, G.C.8., and the heirsmale of his body lawfully begotten, by the names, styles, and titles of Viscount Enfield, of Enfield, in thesaidcounty of Middlesex, and Earl of Strafford. The Queen has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dig nity of a Baron of the said United Kingdom to Archibald Acheson, Esq. (commonly called Viscount Acheson), and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, style, and title of Baron Acheson, of Clancairney, in the county of Armagh. The Queen has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dig nity of a Baron of the said United Kingdom to Richard Baron Cremorne, of that part of the said United Kingdom called Ireland. and the heirs male of his body lawfully be gotten, by the name, style, and title of Baron Dartrey, of Danny, in the county of Monaghan. The Queen has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be plumed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the said United Kingdom to Sir Rickard Bul keley Philipps Philippe Bart., and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, style, and title of Baron Milford, of Picton Castle, in the county of Pembroke. WHITEHALL, Arc. 31.—The Queen has presented the Rev. D. Munro to the church and pariah of Coldingham, in the preabytery of Ch reside, and county of Berwick, va cant by the death of the Rev. J. Robertson. DOWNING-STREET, AUG. 31.—The Queen Imis pointed W. Walker, Esq., to be Government Secretary and ..,. 91;;;;y to the Court of P_olicy for the colony of British Guiana; and the Rev. T. Griffiths to be Colonial Chaplain for her Majesty's settlements in the Gambia. OFFICE OF ORDNANCE, Ara. 27. Rl. Engtheere.—See..OM R. C. Mealy, to be mt., vice Wynne, placed co wooded ; Lieut. G. Sorel, to he apt, Woe Moody; Sec.-Liam H. Williams, to be Ent lieut., ,to. Bore& ADMIRALTY, Aro. 23. RI. Marina—Plret Lieut. C. A. Parker, to be cep., vice Leonard, to !emceed half-pay; S. Lieut. E. L. Pym, to be Mst Rest., rice Tacker, prom. BANK OF ENGLAND.-ELECTION OF A GOVERNOR. The proprietors were assembled yesterday in special general court, for the purpose of electing a director to serve u governor during the remainder of the year, in the room of W. R. Robinson, Esq., who vacates, or " disqualifies " as it is termed, by reason of the lets ttoppage of his tires. At 11 o'clock several of the directors entered the court, when Use Secretary (J. Knight, Esq.), read the advertise ment oonyealag the seesaw ; si immaintely after which the won gamed, and the tedsm by ballot commence d. f i t= mated that sense questing might have been asked of the depstylrovernor who presided, in reference to the affairs of the late governor, several proprietors wire early in attendance, but not one word on the subject was uttered. The ballot was completed at 4 o'clock, and the glares were closed and handed over: to the scrutineers, who declared raq., malty Wen ampvactild. The number of votes was 78. INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT. The Gazette of last night publiske en order in orausil, announcing that copyright is secured to authors and sompaerre in th e Thu ringen union, for such works as way be printed and sold in Great Britain and Ireland, and vice rend. The Thuringian union consists of the following states —Baze•Weiesar- Eisenech, Saxe-Altenburg, Haze-Coburg-Gotha, Sue-Mei- ningen, Schwanburg-Hudolstadt, Schwarzburp-Benders• Kasen, Reues-Oreits, Reuss-Lobenitein-Bberderf, and Reustßckleits. A COUNTY COURT IN THE Crnr.—On the 29th inst. an act of pi:limiest, peeled on the tad July, will come into operation, entitled " An Act for the more easy recovery of Small Debts end demands within the City of London and the liberties thereof," The act contains 128 sections. with a sehedule of fees; a number of provisiotui have been copied /}ex the New County Courts Act, la also the table of ANC The Court of Requests in the City is to be abolished, and by the 40th clause it is declared that a summons (the action being by plaint and not by writ) may bane, provided the defendant, or one of the defendants, shall have dwelt or car ried on his business in the City of London, at some time within six calendar months next before the time of the action brought; or if the cause of action woes therein. The recorder and the judge of the Sheriffs' Court are to frame all new rules and order', subject to the epproval of the three chiefs of the common law courts. The parties as well as their wives may be examined on the trial. Any gaol in the City of London may be used as a prison for the purposes of the act. A bailiff and other officers are to be appointed, and by a special provision (the 19th section), it is declared that the officen performing duties in the Court of Requests, may be appointed under this act THE EXPLOSION OF THE CRICKET STEAMER.— At twelve o'clock yesterday the coroner and jury met to view the shattered remains of the vessel and machinery. The first object which presents itself to the spectator is that of a fearful rent in the vessel, from the engine-room to the stern. The whole of the flooring of the deck has been blown up, and the lining of the right aide of the after-cabin completely removed, leaving exposed the bare iron shell of the vessel. On the left side of the same cabin some portion of the lining yet remains; but in the bilge of the vessel, and near to the paddles, tbo whole of the lining is gone, and I the shell broken and torn in almost every direction. The flooring of the cabin is also swept clean out, while an immense opening in the stern chows the spot through which the boiler itself was blown, sweeping every thing before it. The whole of the case of the boiler is blown off, leaving all the tubes exposed to sight; ; but there does not appear to be any fracture in any of them, so far at least as we were able to see. The safety-valve and the steam-gauges seem to have been entirely blown away. A portion of the massive iron framework to which the engine is attached, is twisted in a most extraordinary manner. The thickness of the metal in that part cannot be less than four inches; but it appears t• have been capable of affording no more resistance to the temfic power than some of the com mon deal timbers with which it was surrounded. The massive cranks, with the pistons and cylinders, were the only portions of the machinery which were sufficiently strong to endure the shock, but th e left crank is slightly bent. There is no doubt that this more solid part of the machinery tended, in some degree, to secure the fore part of the vessel from that destruction which has befallen the remaining portions. The floor of the engtne-room is covered with frag ments of the smaller and more delicate parts of the machinery. The jury remained on the spot for about half an-hour, during which time every facility was afforded by the servants of the company, to enable them to view the various portions of the wreck. THE CRICKET STEAM-BOAT.—Sir,—Your paper of to-day states, incorrectly, in the report of the inquest on the sufferers by the explosion of the Cricket, that the boilers were mule by Messrs. Joyce. They were made by Mr.Trotrami, of the Borough. The boat was built under the superinten dence of Messrs. Joyce, and the machinery was made by them. Allow me also to say that I did not express any wish that Mr. Joyce should be present when the jury inspected the vessel. The coroner stated that he should arrange that the vessel be inspected and reported on by some engineer of eminence, independent of all parties. I then suggested that Mr. Joyce, or some one on his behalf, should he present when such inspection was made, to render any assistance or fur nish any explanations, which was assented to; and it was finally arranged that another person should be present on behalf of the proprietors. May I bee you to give publicity to these facts ? —P. RICH 4 RDS ON, 3, Bloorgate- street, solicitor to Messrs. Joyce.—Aug. 31. LABOrRERS' DWELLINGS.—Sir,—I observe your observations:on labourers' cottages. In the village I have just left I can say it is strange, but it is most true ; strange, because the Squire wishes to be thought somebody —even better than many, in respect to labourers, for he gives them, once a year, a holiday to play cricket, &c. ; but then they must walk miles to and from their work. The cottages are many pulled down ; why, I certainly cannot say, but here is a fact. I had several labourers, six married men with fami lies ; two only could find residences in East Tisted, near Alton, Hants. I give you their names, who worked constantly for me at OldpUce Farm in that parish : George Allem, William Nuthall, and Ben Vidler, resided in Newton Valance; Jacob Butt, Selborne ; this last man eventually got into a small house with his father, but left, and came to London to work. I had three men and two boys lived in my house, otherwise my horses could not have been attendedto.-0 Roams DYES, bi.R.A.S., Upper Holloway, Aug. 28. - - REGISTRY or VF_SEL-4.—A suggestion having been made by a member of the Board of Customs in his report, on a recent inspection of one of the outports, that the book kept at the several ports throughout the kingdom, in the appen dix to the officer's instructions, for the purpose of recording the transfers of property, and change of masters in ships, may be discontinued, insomuch as all the occurrences are recorded in the registry book. The board have concurred in the suggestion, and have issued orders to all the ports throughout the United Kingdom for the book to be forth with discontinued, the reflectors and comptrollers at the several ports taking care that the account of these transac tions, which is prepared for transmission periodically to the registrar-general of shipping, be duly recorded at the same time as the several transfers, &c., arc entered in the registry book. INQUESTS, YESTERDAY. CDARGE OF MAN SLAVORTER.--Before Mr. W. Carter, at the Bedford Arms, East-lane, Walworth, on the death of Mrs. Mary Olds, which took place on Thursday lam, and whore husband is at present in cii•tody on suspicion of having caused it. The deceased had managed to hoard up upwards of 901. ; and her husband, on the night of Saturday week, insisted on having a part of it; and she refusing to give it to him, he made a most violent assault upon her. He caught her by the throat; and, while on the ground, knelt on her chest. The son, a lad of 16 years of age, ran to the station-house for the police, stating that his father was " murdering " his mother. The police interfered, and on the following Thursday the deceased died from the effects of the injury she received. Soon after her death it seemed that her husband had made a distribution of her savings ; and the consequence was that a scene of drunkenness and riot was kept up for some days ; and the accused, when taken into custody, was drinking hard.—Mr. Gower, the medical gentleman who had attended the deceased before her death, and made a pool ',torten' exa mination of the body, expressed it as his decided opinion that death had been produced by violence, and the jury re turned a verdict of " Manslaughter " against the husband.— FATAL AFFRAY Ire WIIITECHAPIL.—MANSLAUGHTIII. By adjournment from Aug. 23, before Mr. William Baker, at the Union Flag, Union-street, Whitechspel, respecting the death of William Cuney, aged 61 years, who died from extravasation of blood on the brain, produced by injuries he received in an affray with a man, name unknown, on the 7th of August. The man accused was described by the witnesses as being a costermonger. He was about 5 feet 7 inches in height, and about 25 years of age. He was dressed in a skull cap, fustian jacket, and corduroy trousers. Police Sergeant, Foxy of the H stated that he had been engaged for several days past in endeavouring to dis cover the man, but had been unsuccessful. Deceased was re turning home from Aldgate on the night of Aug 7, and a young man, dressed as above described, put out his foot and endeavoured to trip him up. The deceased expostulated with him, and the man instantly struck him. A scuffle en sued between the man and the deceased. The man struck the deceased several violent blows on the face, and he fell heavily on the street pavement. He bled profusely from the nose and also from wounds on his face and forehead. Foxy, the police sergeant, came to his assistance, and the man instantly decamped. The deceased was removed to his house, where he soon afterwards became insensible. Mr. L. Llewellyn, a surgeon, said the deceased had two black eyes, and whin he attended him he appeared to be suffering from severe ill-usage. The deceased expired on Saturday, the 14th of August. He had since made a post *sorters ex amination of the body, and attributed death to extravasation of blood on the brain, which he had no doubt was caused by the injuries he had received. The coroner then summed up the evidence, and the jury returned a verdict of " Man slaughter " against Nome person unknown, and all the wit , names were bound over to prosecute. THE BANK OF ENGLAND. Sir,—As the public has taken a great interest in the of the Dank lime thi.failure tneni;,—"`tql blishrnent of the governor, probably a plain statement of the business of the Bank of England and its present usages may be useful. The Bank of England is a joint stock bank, invested with peculiar privileges, and possessing peculiar powers. It is governed by directors, elected out of the proprietary ; but, from long usage, the ele c ti on i s really conducted bj the di rectors for the time being, who insert fresh =ream vacancies occur in what is technically termed the house 114, which is never opposed. The form of an election is gone through by advertising a public meeting when a vacancy is to be filled up, and all holders of Bank stock of six months' standing have votes. The proprietary may be termed a very open one, as Bank stock is daily on the market, and the holding of Bank stock constitutes a proprietor ; but the proprietors are so much scattered, that a few resident in London have it all their own way. The all-important privilege of the Bank is that the notes are, by act of parliament, " a legal tender," and, also,. that it is the privets banker to the government, deriv ing a revenue from ttllnCting at! 5.- quently having a large amount i n h an d , i n the shape of de. posits, made from time to time to meet the quarterly divi dends. The power possessed over the money market, in the largest sense of the word, is derived from this close con nexion with government, and the means of using this power for its benefit a chiefly in dismounting " bills of ex change:" and the daily amount employed in this branch of the Bank's business secures to it the custom of all classes of mercantile and private beniii mg a rm , It u in fact th e oily public discounting establishment in the gantry; ana through this channel the current value of money at interest is now chiefly regulated, and money is said to be plentiful sr scarce on Change as the Bank is liberal or niggardly in their discounts—and so dependent is a large portion of the mer cantile community on procuring discounts through the Bank that it is of vast public importance that the system of discount should be governed by a principle. It is also of vast importance to the proprietary that this department should be ably conducted, fo r on it d epen d s a large item in the profit and loss sooonnt. By the proprietary °sly can the conduct of the directors be legitimately called in question, and this through the public meet ngs held half-yearly, when an opportunity offers of any prep tor asking questions, or proposing particular measures. But custom has shown this power to have been little used; It has been the good fortes' of the Bank to declare large dividends, and the propriehrs, being content, have generally no disposition to cavil about trifles, and it is never to their interest to ask a question, the answer to which would reduce the value of bank stock In the market. 1 have no idea that the neat meeting will materially differ from its predecemers ; but I think any pro prietor that would boldly take the opportunity that now offers itself to demand a detailed account of the amount of corn bills that have been discounted and vrhukamount has been noted for non-payment, would do %great service, and fairly put the public in a situation to knditesrhetheCititas or has not exercised sound commercial knowledge clutig t 4e . last few months, as regard s thi s p ar ti cu l ar branclib , so largely and unsoundly represented by bill transactions. I do not pretend to knew accurately what ordeal a Milling through before it is discounted but this I know, the judg-' went ought to proceed from "disinterested" parties, and • knowledge of human nature tells me that if those who daily eat in judgment on them were interested in the corn specu lation, that a risk has occurred from a to favourable de cisi w having been made in favour of corn bills the last three months. However, from these statements, it is evident that front the proprietary must proceed any alteration in the system of election of governors and directors: the govern ment has no power over it. J. N. IRELAND. DUBLIN, Aro. 30. The mortality among the Irish emigrants to Canada has filled their poor relations at home with dismay, and every account is devoured with the most intense anxiety. Connaught, which supplied the very lowest class, has fortunately supplied the smallest number of deaths, or unhappy settlers at Grosse Isle. A con servative landlord in the west—Mr. Kirwan, of Castle- Hackett, late candidate for Galway—has written to the public journals to the effect that of 129 persons who emigrated from his estate there has been only one death, and that not from fever, while many are represented as being in a very happy condition, already inviting their friezds to come over and share in their fortunate lot. Dr. W. C. Taylor has been for some days in Dublin, and from all I have heard is likely to add perma nently to our literary society. Education, in some, shape is connected with his probable retention ; but whether the national board, the " godless " coi -1 leges, or the meditated schools of design, I have been unable to ascertain. Assuming the educational cause, the last perhaps is the most probable. The friends of the " freedom and purity of election" lin Dundalk are to celebrate their own and Mr. M'Tavish's triumph to-morrow night. All the repeal leaders are invited, and some will attend, including Mr. J. O'Connell, and Mr. J. Reynolds. Sir Arthur Brooke, member for Fermanagh, in a letter to the Mail, says that he " has no confidence in any leader or party in the house." REPEAL ARSOCIATLON.—The usual weekly meeting of this body took place to-day. Mr. J. P. Somers, M.P., pre sided. There were present besides, Mr. Reynolds, M.P. ; Mr. N. V. Maher, M.P., and Mr. James Fagan, M.P. Mr. John O'Connell again urged the assembling of the Irish members previous to the meeting of parliament. He referred to the distress of the country at considerable length, and stated that distress of a most aggravated character must pervade Ireland during the winter, as the people could not procure labour, and the potatoes were gone. England should interfere to save thelrres of the people, and encourage the introduction of food into the country. ;It could not now interfere with mercant:le operations. Mr. O'Connell re ferred to the proposal of his father for the relief of the famine, namely, a loan of 30 millions, and stated that it should yet be urged on England. An address to himself, from Philadelphia, was read. conveying a remittance of 501. The rent for the week was 119/. LANDED PROPERTY (IRELAND) IMPROVEMENT ACT.—Applications for loans under this act, which appear in the Dublin Casette of the 27th Anaust: Applicant.. lubn Lnab!rt . I Ballibinch a C. RvhW ..... J.L O'Feenll A. ieTionam J. R. MIMS James ylabcs Duballoir Omagh, Wegt Roclogher ll.i'rh. E. Waller ll,7;l3nienel. k:Pernr7 ... W. B. Jones East SW Peru Nagent ,Corkart el , s , I lilleygnith:iYe - staseath . R. C. M elton Corkagsday ....... I L I TrY Sir J. N. Straw. Granny W. anti J. Osborn*. Kenllll= J. A. O'Neill W. R. Yielding ... Shanid W. Orme TYYs • II Mayo F.. Hussey 'Cor m 1 "1" Kerry T. B. Jones Leitrim i C. Elia lGlenquin P. Kirwan ,Eilmaina Kg* 1 Wesuida. 1 S. W. Blaclinil .. 1 i l EnYgnislas Ask i / Am b i t i The Earl of Shannon' Linokilly Cork SCOTLAND. E s. d. 1,15 0 0 '5OO a a 9011 3 1,700 0 3,191 0 4,746 17 1,933 0 400 0 iii 0 0 oio 14,000 0 301 0 2,4351 2 11,269 0 I: 193 0 0 2,120 0 I 1,000 c 1,300 0 6,6271 7 660 0 0 4,330 0 0 EDINIII.7IIOB. Aro. 30. A portion of the following appeared in a second edition last night ; The storm which rent the canvass awnings of the Queen's household at Laggan has done fearful damage in other parts of the north of Scotland. At Thurso, a vessel called the Britannia, of Ardrossan, was wrecked, and two of her crew drowned. Another —the Triad, of Dundee—was lost; crew saved. From Shetland intelligence has arrived of the loss of the packet-boat from Dunrossness, when six persons perished. At Fraserburgh one herring-boat went down, with all hands, and many more, it is dreaded, have met with a similar fate. An Inverness sloop is also on shore there, but the crew escaped. The most melancholy casualty, however, is the loss of a supposed emigrant vessel at Loch Erribell. A Thurso correspondent of the John 'Groat Journal states that sixteen bodies have been cast ashore ; and an Aberdeen paper gives the vessel's name as that of the Canton, of Hull, and adds that she carried 300 passengers, which it is to be hoped is rather premature information, and it is so far negatived by the fact that the bodies found are those of seamen." The drought which is ripening the harvest is also drying up the springs, and the Scotch metropolis has for some days been on short allowance of water—the natives borrowing small quantities from each other much in the same way as if they were in a besieged city. The supplies are brought in by a joint-stock company, which charges a high rate and is extremely intolerant of all opposition. As water is at present tarnished, the sanitary cause will be little advanced ; for not only should there be enough and to spare for domestic purposes, but there should be a perennial supply coursing down the water of Leith the great sewer of the city, which at present is a mass of stagnant putridity flanking the houses for some two miles. And yet the inspector of cleansing, when writing on the nuisances of the place, has overlooked this semi-liquid nosegay. PROVINCIAL. ----- DINNER TO MR. SANDARI3, M.P.—On Monday a public dinner was given to Mr. Bandar'. the newlv-olected M.P. for Wakefield, in the large room of the Cora t'schange buildings in that town. Upwards of 600 gentlemen sat down. W. B. Naylor, Esq., presided. BIHKENIIEAD A FILM POET.-Following the suc cessful prt':te.ent of the Stockton and Darlington Middlesborough, the Birkenhead, Lancashire, and Chos - fs ' ire Junction Railway Company have offered to the Birkenhead Dock Commissioners, that if the rates upon shipping be re duced to 6d. per ton from foreign ports, and Id. per ton on coasters, the railway company will pay the rates upon all vessels with cargo entering the docks, guaranteeing a minimum revenue from the lst of Sept. to the Ist of Jan., 1819, considerably exceeding what the commissioner have hitherto received. This offer, if accepted, can scarcely fail to produce great changes on both sides the water. If it succeeds, and the railway company Sods it answer on a small scale, we may yet see the whole of the Birkenhead Dock works made free of charge. Taking the immense amount of capital invested in railways to communicate with these docks, in the dock and warehouse company, and in other undertakings at Birken head, altogether amounting to eight or ten lions, a very moderate per tentage would suffice to complete the work. in a plain and substantial manner, and treating the expen diture as that incurred in making a joint station, for ships instead of railway waggons, the oast of keeping the docks up would fall but lightly on the collective capital. The saving in tonnage rates on a shin of 1,000 tons, making yer,f,y b T r; :h ree7 r. e i. melrailv°67:wagtPeati annum —no ocothuliuseedirbeli, insignificant r th e th e :h e ' s i i r 7P : a" ock ;r re n i tO m eOr n r - . line one penny per ton extra on the coals shipped is found sufficient to defray the cost of keeping up the Tees naviga tion. The Birkenhead Docks, now open, have about seven acne water splice ; at the Liverpool of 25,000 tons per acre per annum, they would acco m modate 175,000 tons of shipping ; if they get one-half of this, the experiment will have succeeded, will be continued, and eaten ,as the rail way, with proper management, would secure the carriage of seven-eighths of the goods landed and shipped. If it succeeds at Birkenhead (says the Liverpool Times, which we quote), why not on this aide ? Would it not pay the London and North Western to buy the King's Dock for a station, or to pay the rates on all ships bringing cargo to them, if the dock trustees would not sell, and no other site could be got' The first railway dock may be at Birkenhead; but we feel sure that the time is Mt approaching when a dock terminus will be considered essential to all railway companies, who lay themeless out for goods traffic. NORTHEMBaH/AN D . SIR R. PEEL AND THE CHAMBER OF COnnee.Ca. —The invitation to Sir k. Peel, by the Chamber of Com , =aro, to a public dinner la this town, bas been declined by the right hon. baronet solely on the inroad of tie 'bonnets of hit visit to the north.—Neunonk Advertiser. TYNESIDE NATURALIST'S' FIELD CLUE. The Nesonsitk Adoertsair of yestenisy merle the meat nun tiles of a body of local naturalists, who, it appears, have periodical meetings, not for the discussion of scientific points IR a crowded room, but that the members may go together into the country in search of specimens o f Planta, shells, birds, or other objects that may illustrate their favourite wsuits. The third meeting of the year, says the reporter, look place in a range of country extending from Haydon. bridge to Wall-town and Haltwhistle ; a district described as highly interesting to the geologist and botanist, and also to Ike antiquary, from its possessing the most extensive remains Roman wall now in existence. The face of the cows -177 mach broken by irregular kills of limestone or ; and at Walltown, find from thence towards the liOrth, the edge of the great Whin Sill shows itself, after having been thrown down by the great Stublick-dyke. In OM hollows are numerous bogs or mosses, and here and there a install lake. As might be expected many of the plants peculiar ths math diatrictaare found here in abundance, amongst them ' sow e of our rarer British species. Several scarce species of Cant occur, especially Carer irrigua, which was first noticed as a British plant in this district by Mr. J. Thomp-on, then of Crowhsll Mill, and who has added many species obst rued in the neighbourhood alluded to, to Northumberland Flora. Amongst them may be enumerated hicracium prenanthoides and crepis succimfolia. The day was remarkably fine, and just p in art jm , eaftraahasPtyleilananterw, wander, reached ret ac h h o e m d e b H y ai rhe hil laa ile t train front Carlisle. The fourth meeting was held at Prest wick Car, near Pontelaud, a space of flat, marshy, and land, about two miles acmes, with a considerable boggy of rather shallow water communicating withothe little river Pont by a deep ditch. Over this expanse of bog, marsh, and water, the stumps of trees are scattered. When the lake is low they may be men in considerable num bers, just showing themselves above the ' , tufa,e of the water. Two sorts of trees may be distinguished: a species of fir, probably the common Scotch fir, as the wood when sliced and put under the miscroecope appears to belong to that plant. The other tree is the common birch ;in this the bark is remaining, in many cases slmoet quite sound, whilst the wood is soft or altogether gone. Thus furnishing us with means of accounting for the fact, that in most of the larger fossil plants of our coal mines we have impressions of the bark only, the place of the wood being unusually occu pied by mud or sand. As might be expected, numerous water plants are to be met with in this spot, with most of the common north of England heath and bog plants, both cryp togamic and flowering. Many fresh water shells are found in the lake and the ditches which run into it, but they do not appear to be so numerous as they were found some years ago. Waterbirds, as might he expected, have resorted in great numbers to the Car, and this year they spotty. to be more numerous than usual. Several species also have bred in greater numbers this season than usual, and some here bred which had not been previously noticed at the Car in the breeding season. Several broods of the redshank :were brought out, the water crake bred there this season, and a ruff and reeve were seen. Amongst the other birds was a flock of about thirty ring -dottrels, a number un usually large to be seen together there. The only busi ness transacted at the meeting was the election os four new members, and the presentation, by Mr. J. Hancock, of a notice of the capture of the thrush nightingale (Sylvia Turdoides, Meyer), the largest European warbler, near the village of Swalwell, three or four miles west of Newcastle. The attention of Mr. I'. Robson, of Bwalwell, a gentleman perfectly acqualated with the notes of our different warblers, was, towards the end of last May, attracted to a note which he did not recognise. After some trouble he succeeded in seeing, and afterwards obtaining the bird, which proved to be the male of the species abovenameds Although this was the only specimen obtained, yet, from the time of year and other circumstances, there is little doubt that this fine warbler is a regular visitant, its peculiarly retired habits having hitherto conmaled it from observation. GLOUCESTERSHIRE ALLEGED Loss Or A STEAM-BOAT, AND EXTENSITE SACRIFICE or LIEE.—BEIsTot, Arc. 31.—There is a ru• mom prevalent in this city that a serious loss of life took place yesterday evening, off Minehead, in consequence of the bursting of the boiler of thi Glamorgan steam-packet. Yesterday morning the vessel left Bristol with .501 persons on b oa rd, for a cheap excursion, and, according to the account given by some passengers who arrived by train this afternoon, the vessel had left Minehead on its return to Bristol, when the boiler burst, occasioning the most awful alarm. About 60 escaped in a sailing boat to Watchet, some of whom got to Bridgwater, and thence here; they are tumble to tell what became of their fellow-voyagers. Two tugs hare been sent to Minehead by the General Steam Packet Company, the proprietors of the vessel, and it is expected by them that to-night more correct accounts will be received, and that the par.- . will be found all safe. passengers e. SUSSEX. THE JURY WHO RAVE 60 OFTEN ASSEMBLED AT NCTBOTAME, to ',squint into the accident on the Brighton and South Coast Railway, by w►ich the engine-driver, W. Gregory, lost his life t met, yesterday, at Nutbourne. The illness of a juryman Induced a further adjournment. ESSEX. ELECTION CELEBRATION.—AT COLCHESTER yes terday, Sir John Tyrell and Major Beresford made their triumphal entry into the town, their committee having made arrangements to celebrate their return for North Essex, at the general election. A large cortege was formed at Leaden, a mile on the London road, consisting of several hundred horsemen, wearing blue favours, many carriages, and a variety of other vehicles, music, banners, &e., and an allegorical device which attracted considerable attention from its quaint and expressive character. The dinner took place at the Cups Hotel at 5 o'clock. Mr. Geo. Round was in the chair. He was supported by Mr. C. F. Newdegate, M.P. ; Sir H. G. Smyth, M.P. ; Mr. D. Waddington, M.P. ; Mr. J. C. Cobbold, M.P. ; Sir John Tyrell, M.P. ; Major Beres ford, M.P. ; Mr. Boyer Smyth, Capt. Dueane, Mr. C. G. Round. Rev.'Messra. Cox, Bcdley, Jerningham, Round, Not tidge, Forster, &Ivey, &c., and nearly 400 of the yeomanry and gentry. An excellent band was in attendance. Loch of the members made speeches of a thoroughly election cha racter. The festivities had not concluded when our report left. LITERATURE. The Education of the People : a Practical Treatise on the Means of Extending its Sphere and Improving its Cha racter. By J. Wiwi, Inspector of the Academy of Strasburg. With a Preliminary Dissertation by .1. P. Nictioc, LL.D., Professor of Astronomy in the Univer sity of Glasgow.—Olasitow . William Lang, 1847. The appearance of this volume is an indication of good promise. It leads the friend of education to hope that the battle in behalf of its extension is about to be fought again in a right catholic spirit. The movement in favour of extended education con templated by the minutes in council, about which we have of late heard so much, was a natural one on the part of ministers. Having seen the hysterical passion awakened by the mere suggestion of secular education (as it is called), they proposed a mezzo !ermine. The really intelligent friends of education—who are inspired with an unhesitating faith in its efficacy— though they would have preferred a bolder and more uncompromising modeof advance, did not, therefore, hold themselves entitled to stand aloof in pharisaical ostentation of their own purity. Though averse to the sectarian admixture, they knew that the combi nation of that element could only be temporary, and that the worthier element of education would ulti mately expel it. They, therefore, threw themselves frankly and cordially into the ministerial scale ; they supported a grant for educational purposes under cer tain conditions for the year 1847.8, reserving to themselves full liberty of choice as to the course they were to adopt for the promotion of education in 1848-8. They were confirmed in their purpose by the unreasoning clamour and narrow sectarian prejudices upon which the opponents of the measure cast themselves for support. It is the danger of all con troversies limited to a special practical measure of the moment, that they are apt far the time to narrow the intellect, and dull its perception of general principles and comoreheneive ' • like, • &SALL 111 • that to which we have been referring, where sectarianism may impel some to support, just as a sectarianism of another shade impels others to oppose, the measure, the danger is increased. The contest about the education minutes in council has resulted so far in victory, that it has ensured the means of education to many who would otherwise have gone without it; but this success has been gained at the expense of accustoming many for a time to pay undue regard to the crotchets of the clam who, from before the Christian era, have been accustomed to strain at gnats and swallow camels. The importance of the minutes in council has passed away with their sanction by the vote of parlia ment. That vote ensured the means of carrying on and extending general education for another year. Provision has been made for the education of the cur rent year as well as circumstances would admit. The provident friends of education must turn themselves to devise means of providing for the necessities of the next and future years. And in good time the joint work of a French inspector of schools and a Glasgow professor named at the head of this paper is put into their hands. In so far as Rroleaffional opportunities of acquiring A practical kno wage of their subject gc, both are well qualified te. treat of it. We do not know whether Mr. Willm has ever filled the office of teacher; but in his capacity of inspector, his atten tion has for years been - kept fixed upon the details of • management in a great number of schools, and their results: he is rich in the fruits of an unbiassed, watchful, protracted observation. Dr. Nichol, on the other hand, has approved himself a successful teacher in many spheres : in the elementary school of a rural district, in the academy of a busy, moderately wealthy, commercial town, as a lecturer to popular institutions and as a teacher of high science in the uni pnithiersithicrds:ioty criar tw itailshiiva hi su c ted h bscoj h z : e is averinhig a wni m preg ziter tattireno . ittor An othe: d both yemaidtn a b.oc e i li cih r i e :s t riatsw Referring our readers to the book itself as the moat exhauetive manual of practical education that has yet