The Express. — London, England, 1846-10-03 00:00:00

* • -..- • -11.11".."111111110 • - . _ - I. F THE MUSIC BOOK, New Weekly Periodical of Original Music. No. 1. this day, New bow by " nING, MAIDEN, bLNG." Price CAL Printed from Engraved Plates, on Paper the usual Music s se. No. 11... TRE FAL.4I FRIEND," Music by WALIACIII Words by T. Boon, on Saturday next. Oboe, 1, 81. Bride's-Avenue, Fleet.street, where prospectuses may ho had ; and sold by all booksellers and newsmen. ING, MAIDEN, SING," New Song by BALFE, Words by BARN CORNWALL, price Gd.. being Lof THE MUS C ISOOK. Printed from Engraved Plates, ou Paper the usual r r• • • 41? !-,- ' - .9t• t .94 1--t% • • ' " Mask size. No 11. " THE FALSE FRIEND," Music by Wsu-sci, Words by T. noon, on Saturday sent. Office, I, St.lln3e'e-Arentse, FleCtAtrePt, where Prospectuses may he had ; and sold by all booksellers and newsmen. _ _ t•e_ . ti= 6t ri4•4 I. , Ytl.'^~ ,td.. . r." L. • -- ---. —_ . — 111-EW SONG by BALFE, " SING, MAIDEN, SING," price 6d., this day, being No. I. of THE MUSIC OK. Printed from Engraved Plates, on Paper the usual Musts size. No. 11. "THE FALSE FRIEND," Musks by WALLACX, Words by T. Woo, on Saturdsy next. Office, I, St. Brule's—tvenue, Fleet...trent, where Prospectuses may be had ; and sold by all booksellers and newsmen. NEW WORK BY BOZ. This day is published (to be completed in le Monthly Part% nr.iforw with " atm tin Cann t.t.), price Is., the First Number of DEALINGS WITH TitE FIRM OF DOMBEY • AND 80S, Wholesale, Retail. and for Exportation. BY CHARLES DICKENS. With Illustrations by HARLOT K. BROWSE. London: Bradbury and Evans, Whitefrium. MR. DICKENS'S NEW WORK. DEALINGS with the FIRM of DOIBEY and SON.—Country filloksenere may be Pupplicd with PROSPEC. TUSES if the above Publication, by applying to their respective London Agents. Wbiteiriare, September 12, MS. FOR TRAVELLERS ON TILE CONTINENT. Now ready, in icap. Bro., price Ca., PICTURES from ITALY. By CHARLES DICKENS. CONTO4T.. — Pariro to Mama—Lynn% the Rhone, and the Goblinof Mignon—Avignon to Genoa—Genoa and its Neighbourhood —Parma. Modena, and Bolos/us—Ferrara—Verona, Mantua, Milan, and the Simplon—Rome, Kokes, and Plorenee. London: 13rAlburr awl V.vana, Whitetrtars. Now ready, is one hand.ome ivo, elegzatly bound In cloth, O a IL., pi y LIVER TWIST. B CHARLES DICKENS. With IlluAratuun by 010040 a ClUmbiwgic, and the latest Correcttnne :out Alteration• of the Author. No. X., completing the Work, la now reedy, prise One SIM*. Bradbury and Erans, Whltefriars, This day is publi.hod No. XXIL of D OUGLAS JERROLD'S SHILLING m AGAZISE, with continuation of ST. GILES and ST. JAMES, glut Editor London : Published at the " Punch " 02Ice, 95, Plcc•t-street. This day is published, prica 6d., No. X. of • THE ALMANACK of the MONTH, A REVIEW of EVERYTHING and EVERYBODY. Edited by GILBERT Assam d Bantam London: Published at the " Punch" 016,c, OS, Fleet street. This day is published, price Is„ copiously illtmtrated by Lazes, No. IV. of THE COMIC HISTORY of ENGLAND. On.Bp AM ABBOTT A BIICRATT. This Work Is published in Maxtlily Parts, illustrated by lows Lawn, with one large Etching, and from din to Twelve Wood Itogrminga. It will °notarise from Twelve to Twenty Parts, and will appear regularly with the Monthly Magazines until Its completion. London : Published at the 4 ‘ Punch" Office, IS, Peet-street. Madrid. It is farther rumoured that the services of an amiable bat subtle diplomatist, Dos JosE JOA QUIN DE MORA, the intimate friend of both FLARES and SANTA CRuz, have been called into requisition. Mr. MORA is a distinguished scholar and eloquent writer; and his accomplishments in these respects are enhanced by his wit and humour. He was some years ago appointed Consul-General in London by SANTA CRUZ, when he formed his unfortunate and short-lived confederation of Peru and Bolivia. It was therefore imagined, not unnaturally, at Madrid, that each a person as M. Mora would be well re ceived at our Foreign Office; and, under this sup position, it was believed he might be able to deprecate effectually any interference on the part of oar Govern ment, with the proposed " harmless " crusade of General Fume Es. But a more active agent is Colonel WRIGHT, for merly Consul-General in London for the state of the Equador ; but who, when FLORES was expelled, fol lowed the fortunes of his patron. This gentleman is said to have been recruiting for some time in Ireland; and to have taken successful measures for the collect ing end equipping of a very respectable force, for which three steamers are now freighted in London, with orders to take on board the Irish troops, or emigmi.)ts, as they are called, in some part of the south-west of Ireland. We could add to these a great number of facts, all proving the existence and activity of this notable scheme fur lava. mg and essaying to conquer peaceful republics; in order' to gratify the private vengeance of individuals in the first instance, and in the next to pamper the fatuitonl ambition of the Spanish Court, flattered by the councih . of France. But the repre sentatives of the South American Republics in this c •untly are fully aware of the enterprise ; and have addressed fitting remonstrau ces to the Court of Ma drid. I n E ng l an d, too, th e) • are prepared to take whatever steps the law may Allow them, and their own vigilance suggest. Our object in calling present' attention to the facts, is chiefly to warn too ere& dons people both in England and Ireland of the ex treme folly and Quixotism of the whole undertaking; . as well as of its true nature; in case inducements (whit 'h we do net doubt) have been held out to volunteers among our countrymen, not accordant with the trutt . '• General FLORES, with the aid of all the gold of CEIRI 'iTINA, has as much chance of conquering a province of South America, as he has of annexing a district of th e moon. Yet the attempt cannot but be attended with infinite destruction, misery, and bloodshed. Success in any such effort as the setting up a prince of the exist ing Hispano-French alliance to reign over any pet-tion of South America, would be utterly detrimental at once to the cause of freedom and to the interests of free trade. But the certainty of failure (for every power in both Americas would rise to defeat it), does but render the endeavour more criminal to us, as it would involve the destruction of hundreds of cur ignorant and confiding Irish fellow-subjects. THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENINa. OCTOBER 3, 1846 - the average rent of agricultural land in England; though for the purpose of any practical consideration of the condition of husbandry, it is of little use ; seeing that such land varies in value from Ms. to 3s. per acre. But the estimate that 101. per acre is employed on all the cultivated land of England, is such an ex travagant exaggeration, as to prove that his Lord ship's agricultural statistics have come from very questionable authorities. We hope he has not pinned his faith on any tract from 17 New Bond-street ? We very much doubt whether, taking England through, there be 31. per acre of capital employed upon the occupied—by courtesy called cultivated— land. Even in Hertfordshire, where there is some very fair, and a little very good, farming, the average capital would not reach 81. per acre. That 101. per acre, and more than that, might be employed in Eng lish husbandry with infinite benefit to landlords, tenants, and labourers, we admit; but it is not so em ployed at present. Any calculation, whatever be its purpose, can lead to nothing but error. But Lord DACRE seems to have magnified the amount of capital employed in farming, for the purpose of startling himself with the immensity of a phantom of his own imagination. " How can four hundred millions of capital now invested in ploughs and wagons, cattle, sheep, pigs, manures, and tillages, be converted into grocers' shops profitably ? " is un questionably a problem difficult to be solved, if it could be seriously asked. But it never has been asked, and never can be. The question asked by political economists who have turned their attention to the condition of English husbandry is, " how can more capital be invested in the cultivation of the soil ?" And the answer which every candid inquirer has been compelled to give is, that hitherto the prejudices and errors of the landholders have pre vented it. The e are other points in Lord DACRE'S speech worthy of Notice, but we must pass on to that of Sir E. BULWER LYTTON. After a fling at the public writers who have treated these meetings as objects worthy only of jeers and jests, Sir EDW %RD said that the utility of such associations was not alone to improve stock and systematic farming, "but to spread enlighten ment among farmers, and the spirit of indepen dence among their labourers." Now these are objects worthy of the most serious attention; and when the promoters earnestly set about them, the sneer and the gibe, if attempted, will fall still-born. He next gave his own views of the uses of such societies. They must not limit them to giving prizes to labourers. Proprietors were bound to do much by their example and friendly admonition ; they should render the cottages of the labourers more comfortable (he might have added, they should make !cottages more plentiful) ; they should annex gar dens; they should encourage benefit and other socie ties for promoting self-dependence among the la bourers ; but, above all, they should give extra work in the winter season. This is all in the right spirit. Then they should promote education amongst the labourers; which, however, he truly observed, " was a task that belonged to the government " Sir THE present autumn has seen most of the local Agricultural Societies dwindling down into insignifi cance on their way to oblivion. The reason is ob vious. Most of these associations have been covert Pro tection societies. The promoters of them have been trying to support the Corn-laws under the pretence of improving Agriculture ; and now that the secret pur pose has failed, the used-up society may take its chance. Amongst the farmers, as a general rule, these associa tions have found no great favour. They have either deemed them playthings of the gentry, or have seen through the real object of their political patrons. But though these societies, in their present form, arc dying away, it by no means follows that the habit of periodi cally meeting, which to a certain extent they have created amongst the farmers and the country gentlemen, is to cease. We hope and believe it will not. On the contrary, there arc signs abroad which indicate its continuance, and that it will be turned to far more useful purposes than heretofore. There was a meeting of the Herta Agricultural As sociation held at Hertford a few days since, which offers an example of the uses to which these assem blages may be turned. In the best and broadest sense, they may and ought to be political meetings; not meetings for the furtherance of party politics or the assertion of class interests, but where public men and landed proprietors can meet and discuss the public interests of the capitalists engaged in agri culture, of the tenant-farmers, and of their immediate dependents the farm-labourers. Where the squire may have his prejudices shaken by the homely and outspoken truths of the tenant-farmers ; and where the farmer may have his views enlarged and elevated by the higher aspirations of educated and intellectual public men. Both classes must give and take. Both will perhaps find something to modify. But all will aid the progress of industry and civilisation by mutual collision. Now the Hertford meeting affords a good omen of the future progress of the society. There was an earnest purpose in its chief speeches, which shows that it will survive the transition from protected agriculture to improved agriculture. The speakers gave evidence that they perceived, if they did not come up to, the exigencies of the times. And it is worthy of remark that the speaker who dealt most closely and accurately with the practical questions now engaging the attention of intelligent farmers, was the man of disciplined mind and cultivated intellect, whose habits and evocations, until a recent period, had not brought him into that constant contact with land and its occupiers to which others of the speakers had been long accustomed. Sir E. BIJLWER LeTTON'S speech was the most practical, as well as the most intelligent of the evening. It was a speech for tenant-farmers. The first we shall notice was that of Lord D.tcnE, a man venerated in Hertfordshire, though his un sound and eccentric course on the question of the corn laws has to some extent diminished his personal influence. That Lord DACRE is honestly and sincerely the friend of social progress, nobody doubts; and there is enough in his speech at Hertford to prove that his protectionist errors have rteisen front not comprehending the economy of the subject. Perhaps also there has been a spice of aristocratic feeling in the matter. After premising that he was precluded by the rules of the meeting from all expression of political opinion, his lordship said : Great efforts had been made to break that link, which he con• t iered& most sacred one, with reference to the social condition of the eountry, between the tenant formers and the proprietors of the land. Those efforts, however, had failed, as the objects of the party making them had failed in many other respects. Ile tru‘tel the gallant, energetic, and patriotic 'feelings of the occupiers of the boil never would allow such a separation to take place. The interests of both were inseparable ; they were identical. If we mistake not this allusion, Lord 1) veee means to say that those who have advocated the application of sound commercial principles to the management of landed property, and to the relations of landlord and tenant, are endeavouring to " break a sacred social link" in this country. If so, nothing can be more erroneous. The only social link worthy of the name, is that which would subsist between the independent tenant and the intelligent proprietor. The following passage shows that Lord Dacre's knowledge of the economics of husbandry is partial and limited. He thus intends to " make out the proposition" con tained in the passage before quoted : These who would dissever the tenant-farmers from the land lords, endeavoured to show that the Interests of t h e one and the other were separate and distinct, not identical and combined. How did the matter stand t The land of England was assessed to the property tax at 40,000,0001. a year, the rental, i. e., the net proceeds of land after all advances made, the expenses Incurred, and the profits of capital were deducted, was about I/. per acre ; this made the rental of England 40,000,0001. per annum. ltd. an acre was not mare than adequate to enthral* the land well, profitably, nod indirinnsly: the tenant- armors of England had thereforo ion sled to the cnttfrotion gat Wed 400,000,0001., ar half the amount of the ontional deli!. pi=rs of the politico-economical club seemed think the en were nothing; they could easily withdraw this • from the land, jurist the none& in yowers' shups, and lse profits as at present. But that could not be ; it was int In Or ague of things. 100,000,000/. were now invested in the Mad by the tenant-farmer , of England, nod unto.; other* could he found ready to incur their rals, they could nor yet cad of the business. First, as to the facts and the figures ; then for the inferences. One pound per acre probably represents :DWAILD then referred, amidst tie eheers of the , far mers, to game, that iambus on agriculture, saying : Palming from the questim of 'the labourer, he ad think thew soeictien were very aneful ; merrily an regardal the retstionnhip be tween the landlord and tenant, they dial nerve ;n promo* that tick of union between than which tad been referral to by harnoble friend the chairman. LA them :uppoee for a moment Mat, seduced by various extmple• seen around him, a country gentleman under took a farmhimw4f ; let him snitch the program of him orops in the erntre of his pi-menus, and if he hod disinterest of ltio form redly at heart, Wore the end of the year he- mould gime very .Irict orders to his keepers to keep down the dock of hares, lets such things 0. very cheap indeed; a HARD WICS is disposed to p, tube very highest price on these dangerous luxuries. Bit. 4 , high figure or low, the " lark" to the monied man is sa re to be a money matter. It must be a very superior ;woken head indeed, that 51 . will not cover. The averapi run, about forty shillings. As a matter of form, the -.words "or a week's im prisonment" are usually adds d to the award of the hue. But this is the poor mat. 'a alternative. To a mechanic who gets drunk and floors a friend or policeman, the forty shillings are As unattainable as forty thousand. He goes to prison • The " gentle man " does not feel the loss of his 51: in a glass of wine the less, or a plat the fewer at table. The mechanic has his head shaved, associates with rogues and felons, lives on prison diet, and may even have to sharpen his appetite for it "on the wheel," while his wife and children at home cry for the focal he should be earning. The one is a nominal pzmish ment equivalent to no punishment at all. The other is a most severe one in all cases; in many altogether proportionate, not only to the weed of the " gentle man," but to the offence. Loud and long complaints have been made of this inequality. Attention has been strongly directed to it; and on a revert occasion Mr. IiARDWICK, much to his honour, carried out the equalization principle, by awarding to a gentleman (who drove up to the office in his cab, and no doubt expected to be asked to "` a seat on the bench) a severe term of imprisonment for assaulting a policeman under most aggravated cir cumstances. This is the only offence, by the way, for which the magistrate is not forced by law to offer the alternative of fine or prison. In all other causes of assaults on civilians, &c., the law obliges him to give the offender his choice between the two. It is the law, in this respect, that is to blame for the unequal measure meted out to rich and poor; and not its ad- ministrater. Mr. BALLANTINE has followed in the steps of Mr. HARDWICK, but we fear injudiciously and even cruelly. One WILLIAM HAnmsoN, n solieitrff's clerk, was charged with striking 1-1 83 in the discharge of his duty. The policeman stated that al a late hour on Tuesday night he was removing mine disorderly prostitutes, and the prie-mer interfered with him, and said they were remdetable married women, and be should not take them. He begged him to desist and go away ;on which the prisoner struck Lan severely on the breast, and said if he dared to molest the women he would do for him. His conduct was extremely violent, and he was compelled to take him into custody. The prisoner was in a state of intoxication at the time. The prwoner, who was greatly agitated, said he was respectably COMICCted, and only came from the country on Tuesday, and drank more than he ought to have done. He was extremely sorry for what he had done, and he would be the last man to interfere with the raise it he were soliEr. Ile was subject to fits, and had been attacked with several that morning, in consequence of hie impriaooracat. Mr. lialiantine mid he did not'care for the prisoner's sorrow. it came too law. His feeling was, if the pollee were not protected from I awoults like these, no re,pectable rum) would join the force. He 'Mid; protect the police when they did right, hot when they did wrong he would not save them from the consequences. Ile regretted the prisoner was subject to infirmities, but that most not save ktm ; and be sentenced him to seven days' imprisonment in the House of Cor rection. The prisoner said, if the sentence was carried into effect he should be ruined, for his employer had particular occasion fur his services, and Expected him to be at his busmese that morning. He begged of the magutrate to recollect he was subject to fits. Mr. Hallamine would not alter his eentenee, and said the surgeo& the House of Correction would take cart of him. The prisoner immediately fell down in a tit, and was carried away by a gaoler and a police constable. It was sonic time beni:e he reco vered, and he continued very ill for an hour afterwards. An application was made soon after on the pri - -• That is good so far as it goes; and farmers will re joke to find landlords agreeing, as did Sir E. Lvrros and Lord DAette, that hares and rabbits must be sur rendered as vermin to the farmers. But that is not sufficient. The game laws must be abolished, and the espionage and immorality occasioned by pheasant preserves must cease, before farmers and labourers can be safe from the evils of game preserving. Sir EDWARD is about to become a candidatefor Hertford shire. Let him employ his interval of leisure in per using the evidence before the game-law committee, and then come before the constituency with the decla ration, not merely that he has directed his keepers to " keep down the stock of hares" (keepers have never been known to do anything of that sort), but that he has altogether given up preserving,—and the farmers of the game-ridden county of Ilerts will rally round him to a man. He afterwards referred to the subject of hedgerows in these unexceptionable terms: loner's behalf by Mr. PELHAM, on the ground of the severe illness of the young man, whose disorder was likely to be much aggravated by confinement, and by the excitement arising from his apprehension of the loss of his situation in conseqaehee. his friends were willing to pay any fine. of misgiving, and requires helping out with aw:: ward self-assertion. He was wrong in the particular c.tec, but the principle is a good principle notwithstanding • So good is it, that we hope it will not again be insulted by such a singularly injudicious and inhumane application. Our Paris correspondence and the journals of Thursday have reached us. The question of the marriage was still argued with the same vehemence by the Paris journals, the Debuts alone being silent after its article of Wednesday. The Constitytionnel takes up the question, and says that if the English parliament does meet in November, although the state of Ireland will be the principal topic in debate, yet that the Spanish question must of necessity be discussed. A rather serious disturbance took place on the night of Wednesday in the Faubourg St. Antoine, occasioned by an augmentation (of 4 centimes) is the price of the four pounds loaf. The following particu lars have reached us from an eye-witness. The inha bitants of the Rue du Faubourg. St. Antoine and ad jacent streets, chiedy inhabited by cabinet-makers, white-smiths, &c., assembled in considerable num bers, at seven o'clock on Wednesday evening, and pro ceeded to the bakers' shops in the vicinity in order to lay in . provisions of bread, in consequence of the rise in price commencing this morning. The quantity left after the sale of the day was soon disposed of, and the crowd increasing became riotous, and broke the shop fronts and several of the gas lamps. This scene continued for some time, and about half-past nine the mob commenced raising a barricade across the Rue du Faubourg St. Antoine, with the stones of the Rue Lenoir, which they unpaved with incredible celerity. The Horse Municipal Guard soon after wards arrived, and rode among the crowds several times, but they always opened their masses and gave them free passage, closing immediately behind them. A batallion of the 48th - Foot, headed by its colonel, afterwards came to the spot. They were received with cries of " rive la Ligne !" and the tumult hav ing lasted until near midnight, the populace began gradually to disperse, and the streets became com paratively quiet. The rioters did not, however, sepa rate without making an appointment for rendezvous at the same quarter on Thursday evening. The bakers, having been prevented baking in the night, carts, loaded with bread, this morning arrived from all quarters, and the bread they contained was sold in the street. The Council General of the Saone and Loire, after an eloquent speech from M. Delamartine, one of its members, has expressed an opinion, almost unani mous (there being but three votes against it), that the electoral fmnehise should be extended. The Minister of War, in consequence of the incen diary fires which continue to spread their mischiefs in the country, has ordered that in every town where fire engines are kept the soldiers should be drilled to use them. We read in the Constitutionnel " It is stated that the Duguesclin, a third-class ship of the line, now on the stocks at Rochefort, is about shortly to be launched. Since Aug. 4, 1840, when the Friedland took the water at Cherbourg, not a single man-of-war has issued from our five great building ports. At Cherbourg three ships of the line, the Austerlitz, the Tilsit, and the Ilenri IV. have been in course of construction for several years, and there is not the slightest talk of their completion. A large steamer, the Sane, the keel of which was laid down immediately after the launch of the Friedland, is left to rot in is place." M. Alexandre Dumas, the celebrated dramatist, has been appointed by the Minister of Public Instruction historiographer of the marriage of the Due de Mont pensier with the Infanta Marra Luisa, and was to set out fur Madrid on Friday, accompanied by M. Magnet, one of his anonymous and indefatigable eel laborateurs; also by an eminent painter. The camp of cavalry troops, wider the command of Lieut.-General de Mornay, at Luneville, is broken up, and the various regiments have been ordered back to their respective quarters. Letters worthy of confidence have been received from Tangier, stating that everybody at the Deira of Abd-el-Kader is of opinion and declares aloud that, being convinced of the impossibility of success, lie has renounced all intention of invading Algeria. This is seemingly confirmed by news from the fron tier; "therefore," says a French ministerial paper, " it is incontestable that the war system followed in Algiers has proved efficient, and procured the must desirable results—the discouragement of our indefati gable adversary." i both to the lif Ll' laries all over To:Ley, and for the last thirty ------ --s y missionaries of all nations. ears Pha ll i % Recent disturbances have caused the American • f ries to be charged with imprudence. But tha sa t !' 6l Wg„,„,,,, peLsciples of freedom of conscience prodaimedeit_ arise from the impunity of those who molest th e tt .....,„ - "er p et stems . To punish the authors of 44e1l 1,,,,‘ -"'' ' .4 intolerance would be only acting in lied/Mance a Tt t r e ln, Sultan. B'et it would be contrary, metan law and ti:e declarations of the govcram eatt to c.... _'•st generousthe the Evangelical Aetna nians to do wh at i s against theit72 sciences and the gave!. And the American litua„_7 Oho arc persuaded that the attempt to de so w m e d , swni scenes of persecution wk ids would outrage all k e at oi Europe. The result would 6c , that after much con es W benevolent feelings of the Sultan' would Man y pe w de accomplish an act of mercy which, were it to coon a l4 taneously front the government won,it excite the t " 7- . of the whole civilised world. The present magnitude of the question of Pro•,estas. in Turkey must be my apology for this fill; abstr act 0 ., leder of the American clissionaties. It is, to d,, eh, ,e° tics, a document drawn up with much ability and me mmm.''''' dinned altogether from the missionary pnaeiple, aod - 4, grant that many of the positions are sound. Althongt t ja t a disposed to pick holes in the rest, one argument is to o 4 vious a sophism to pass unnoticed. The American %t at , aries declare that they neither attempt nor unite to sta id any Armenian from his church. But, if you * a d, that the doctrines held, an the practice folloed 4, 1 11 church, are idolatrous, absu d rd, an I wicked, w rant t:onahly you detach him from his church Wh at aa t act, p,, toma Catholic could give up all the distinctive features of his ea*, religious practice, and ritual, and still call Limicf t sa e* her of the Roman Catholic church ? It is idle to sem i , that the Evangelical Armenians can possibly rem a i n aux. bers of a church, whose practice and doctrines they 'tra w l renounce. They must neceusarily form meliorate con , gs e dons. Were the American Missi onar i es to give itii i t untenable ground, I think the rest of their repreaeat a t, reasonable. The fact is, that whatever be the ausiterat these Evangelical Armenians, their existence must acut e regarded as a fait rbrotrepli. A hundred or two here, a hundred or more in the prsu op of Ergerouni, and abtait as many at Smynui, do ; a d oss exist. It is revolting and odious, the id ea o f t i c r thg el. posed to persecution for opinions the aincerity o f alkt there is no cause to doubt, cr being coerced inturr tifttima. The Sultan has publicly pledged his word against to ua caning any such r ligious tyranny. He has been nu b * pains publicly to proclaim freedom of conscience in relies matters : and it is incumbent upon hie honour to protect tha t Armenians in the exercise of that freedom, which he linear has encouraged. It is his dt.ty to charge his miaig ut t take care that the full protection of the civil law shall n e a tended over these little communities, and that not a me t a, of them slab be maltreated or insulted with impunity E t Russia, France, and Austria, it is said, set on the halt a trample out this Protestant spark, and are too stronges t ti t Sultan. Then it is clearly the duty of England sad a Prussia to insist upon the Greek and Latin protective poem dropping their hostile ioterference against the Protests* in this matter, and to establish the toleration of the bas. gelkal Armenians upon a firm and secure base. Beat Fuchs is evidently disposed to regard with suspicion thesis tection of the Evangelical Armenians by the henna powers, as an attempt upon their part to establish, itty o , key, a political influence, based upon religion, of the ta , character with that possessed and continually exerciadn France and Russia. But this misgiving is well met Ilti t missionaries, who point out the independence of the Pfi testauts of different countries of one another, and ts ar want of union under one common head, like the Pope Greek patriarch. . .. . . _ . - . ~.... Witti regard to the footing upon which the Porte asp, desirous of establishing the operations of the Amnia Mission tries for the future, that is altogether a distinct us tion. The time may be fast approaching when it villa necessary to modify the powers of the Latin and Gaa missionaries ; and that will be the proper moment for sea taming the length to which the American Missionaries arra he allowed to go in influencing the Armenians in a religion sense. Meanwhile, our government ought to lose so tir in arresting the opposition which France and Remise' likely to make to the toleration of the Evangelical r. mentans as a distinct sect. P., to be a.n+. lith a,• t. Tice Ntar.l., Es id to be ad FRANCE.—GENERAL MEETING OP THE rva TRADE ASSOCIATION AT PARIS.—The second meetings( the Paris free-traders was held in the Salle Montoya* on Wednesday last. Above one thousand posous were Fe sent, among whom were several ladies. The Maros taken, in the absence of the Duke d'Hareourt, by k Anisson Duperron, Peer of France, who opened the bums of the day with an able speech in favour of free trade pies ciples. He alluded to the progress of free trade in Irons so at Marseilles and Bordeaux, and added that Basra std Lyons were forming societies to the same putpue. Mickel Chevalier, professor of political economy et the , nil versity of France, then addressed the meeting iu a speech remarkable for precision and elegance of explosion • be alluded to the unequal manner in which protection bestowed its favours. " It is not true," he said, "that weaned equally consumers and producers, and that in the ends balance of losses and gains is established beton us all, for some obtain nearly every thing, al some nothing at all." The learned professor tin proved by figures, that the protection accorded to theatre market only represented one quarter per cent. on thee:Ml of that great branch of commerce, whilst by the smalleiria culation, the protection conceded to the iron factories ceeded twenty per cent., and that the owners intended* taining it as long as possible, to the great detriment title country, and of every branch of industry. M. Bono* proved himself worthy of the name he bears. " Free trine, he said, " is a component part of the realization of those ode liberties which two revolutions have promised us." Het* mivated by invoicing the recollection of the celebrated* cicty, Aide tog, le del I' aidera. " Let us help oulselve.,"h said, " let us redouble our energies, let us be incesusta our efforts, and free trade will also have its three days, ssi strike firm roots." Professor Wolowski passed in * view different political and economical objeetio which had been made to free trade societies. He std ' there was a powerful opposition league preparing spins them, but that he was far from being sorry for it. It it r important question, and it is as well that it should be &- I cussed ; if we arc in the wrong, we will hove to give is ; ba we shall, never:helm, have rendered a great service by * customing a free people to the public discussion of its great interests. It has been said that we ought to be select is se alliances, and not enter into free intercourse with natio whose institutions are opposed to the principles of Bret!. Those principles have nothing to fear from the outs% continued M. Wolowski, ter the future belongs to the; such a language might be understood at Vienna or St Petershurgh—certainly not at Paris. M. Wolowski cm eluded by pros ing the flourishing condition of the differed branches of French industry ; and as regarded the workers*. be said they would be gainers instead of losers by the estss lishmeht of free trade. The zucetiu,s, broke up, after a dam hut eloquent address from M. Frederick Bastiet, comspoad ing member of the Academy of Moral and Political Science, in favour of free-trade principles. Large subscriptions Cue collected during the sitting. A third meeting is to bcshort4 convoked to nominate the committee of the direction. . _ lIHc BalMonne mid he was very painfully CElTlVlredineed in this ease. He now the young WWI full directly oftrr he had initiated his sentence, and he felt great pain at his t.ittration, but he had mine to a COOCII/AOll upon. his offence before that ; be bad emote to as mild a determination as possible under the simunistanem, and after that be found he was ill. it was very aftlicting, but he could mot help it. The judges who tried eases of more importance very frequently saw similar instruhr, of illness, and very paiatul sighla an court, but he was not aware they ever altered their sentences in consequence. He lend no right to tine the young man after he had PCIII.OIOCIi him to imprisonment, and the respeutability or poverty of his friends would make no impression upon bum in the sliahtest degree. lir had or tea oertain coach'. lion upon the case, and had no right to alter it. DM, jirOM. tl 37th F.-1 -yet.; Eue. T ear., by pur. 441 b 59th - Wirt, to be %ICC, ChTu Mr. B.ALLANTINE then referred to the press, and expressed his determination not to be influenced by its praise or blame. While Mr. BALLANTINE follows his best guile in the discharge of his ditties, his con science, he may afford to disregard all external in fluence& It is not with any design either to praise or blame Mr.. BALLA-STINE, that we direct attention to this case. We allude to it because the magistrate appears is us to be making an injudicious application of sound principles, and to be falling into a fault quite as grievous as that which he wishes to avoid. This was not a case tor inflicting the severer punish ment. The assault itself was not of an aggravated kind. Mr. BALLANTINE appears to us to entertain a most exaggerated notion of the policeman's dignity. The fear of an occasional "punch on the bead" is little likely to deter respectable men from entering the force, while its salary continues eighteen shillings a-week. Policemen arc not like the lowly-born hero of the Victoria melodrama, who when cuffed by the liber tine nobleman invariably gnashes out, " Ha! a blow !" and proceeds forthwith to annihilate the noble repro- bate without ruth or remorse. A thump or two, we apprehend, comes quite in the way of business to a policeman; and the unsteady " wipe" of a drunken man is the least formidable form of such visitations. Again : the offender is of a class to whom the fine would be a punishment. True, his friends offer to pay it ; but that is under their alarm at his imprison ment. 'the incarceration, on the other hand, is in every way an over-severe punishment. It amounts, very possibly, to the total destruction of the prisoner's health, and the blighting of his worldly prospects. He may come out of the House of Correction, short as his " term " is, a shattered and penniless man. Again, let the landlord now his corn hi the midst of these small in- Eosures so prevalent in that county, let him see with his own eyes hom thin mid poor the corn grows in the weighbourhomi o the heikte. row3—bow it is intercepted from the ma, cut off from the air, and damaged by birds, and he would of bia own accord become sensible of one great practical improvement that would be effect: di by the open ing of large imbeciles and the removal of unnecessary knees. ((Vent) lie was as great a lover of the picturesque as any wads, and should be entry to see the beautiful home scenery of that county exchanged for the open dreary flats that prevailed elsewhere ; but he maid nut in. derstand that good taste was innimpatible with impel - icemen', or Mot the scenery ofon estate might not Ihe othel :Wad hg Usage improreincott which would increase the rabic of the land and nelyment the profits of the farmer. - - - 7Th Y.- r:-e Hedge-row timber ought to be altogether got rid of ; but there are certain portions of nearly every farm, on which masses of plantation, of greater or less ex tent, would be beneficial for shelter, and would in no way interfere with husbandry. Plantation timber is far more valuable than that grown in hedge-rows, and the adoption of such a system would give an estate the appearance of one vast park. The beauty of the landscape would be greater than at present, and it would be beauty combined with utility. Let it also be remembered, that while these changes would en hance the profits of the farmers, the proprietors would receive higher rents, for their laud would be of greater value. The following passage on the advantage of rescuing agriculture from party politics is just and sound: lie had seen bad accounts of the spirit and number of similar meet ings in various parts of the country, but they had no falling off among them ; and be attributed, in a great degree, the prosperity of that association, and the numbers and respectability of their meeting, to the strictness with wWch they had fulfilled the condition of embracing men of ail polities and parties. lie very much wished them, as this would be au encouragement to them, to come to the conviction that it would be greatly to the advantage of agriculture if thee could con. sent to regard it in its true light, not as necessarily mixed up with all the squabidesof party, and all the intrigues of ambition, but simply and purely as a question of national economy and social improve ment. The great error of the agricultural interest since the war, had been that it had suffered itself to be made the tool of ambitious politicians for their own purposes, and had in this way been mixed with a randy of questions with which it had no more to do than Mr. Calrert's steers (which obtained the prize) had to do with the last polka danced at the Queen's theatre. (A laugh.) lie wished this would be a lessen to them of the advantage of ,ome better mean, of concert and union among themselves, not wasting their forces in separate detachments---some going for one thing and some for ' another, but imitating the enlightened union of the commercial classes, who, admitting all varieties of opinion, left all the free exercise of their opinions as politicians, and cantrired to unite on those questions on which their real interests as n class were a! stake. Let farmers act on the maxims of political wisdom contained in the above sentences, and they will find their social position, no less than their material in terests, greatly improved. The only other passage our limits permit us to notice is an illustration of truth in jest : The health of "The Secretary and Treasurer" was next drunk, both of whom returned thanks. The latter suggested, amidst loud cheers, a prize of a piece of plate, value 100 guineas, to be presented to the land lord possessing not less than 1,300 acres of land, who should, previous to Michaelmas, 1841, introduce, and bring into general use amongst his tenants, a condensed form of tease or ayreenient. hest calculated to Milner t est to carry out all such iinprorenwnts as were ulnae suited to produce additional quantities of pram and maintain on augmented heirelof stock ; perlect security to the tenant's capital invested in the soil being an indispensable condition. That is the grand Agricultural Question. That is the point on which the condition of husbandry de pends. Security and permanence of tenure is essen tial to good and profitable farming. Bit F. -1 ec. • En e. 87th F. rho ret. knit F.-1 ~ySnl Ws. 96th F.— +who rel.; le ?by pur. ht West 'from, app. I The Moniteur Alyerien of the 25th says : " General Cavaignac was to have reached Lalla Maghrina on the 19th, with all the disposable force of his sulxlivision, in order to protect the frontier, which is said to be menaced by Bou-Mesa. A report prevailed that this fanatical chief was endeavouring to persuade the Beni Snassens to acemr patty him in an expedition against our allied tribes, whilst Abd-el-Kader would undertake a movement towards the south-east." We have our letters and journals from Madrid to the 26th ult., the Spanish mail reaching Paris very late on Thursday afternoon. The cor.tents of our correspondence and communications arc very scanty. El Mmpo announces that General Breton is suc ceeded in his command of Catalonia by General Pesucla. El Herald') has a letter, dated 20th ult., from Algesires (which is in the bay of Gibraltar), which has the following: "The British squadron, under Admiral Parker, which had left Cadiz. was seen from Cape Trafalgar again proceeding in the direction of Cadiz, with a fresh breeze from the east. It was said that this squadron consisted of eight vessels, some of which had joined it from the Mediter ranean." ' il4;Kri4 .staff-murg. son, M. 1).. •claPs Vitt` .1 iitoff-eurg. I Neither the offence nor the punishment, then, in this case, is, in any one point, a parallel to that of the young " man about town" (we will not say nobleman or gentleman, for really few of one or the other class rignre in these cases), flush of money and flushed with champagne, who scours a street, smashing lamps, stealing knockers, insulting women, and putting policemen hors de combat• Tb e highest fine the law allows is utterly unfelt by such an offender. A few days of the discipline of. the House of Correction is absolutely the only pr,_ rncnt that can reach him. Even in these cr „sea, it is a severe punishment ; though we are far frc,m think ing that, with due conditions, a few days' prison dress and prison diet may not occasionai.ly be most salutary to these young bloods, and i mprove both their healths and habits. But in this part , cular case it promises to destroy the former an'd can hardly im prove the latter, when it deprives •a poor clerk of his situation and sole support. W e wish, when Mr. BALLANTINE was bent on folios , ing Mr. HARDWICK'S example, that he had chosen opportunity as judi ciously. When he defied tb, o praise or blame of the press, we are sorry he bad not occupied stronger ground. The press may very justly blame his defi ciency in judgment,—though not his want of honesty or rectitude of purpr se, for both of which we give him full credit. CONSTANTINOPLE, SEPT. 27. The civil disturbances which have grown out of the labours t.f the American Missionaries are by these imputed to the intolerance of the Armenian Church. The Arme nians, on the other hand, tax the missionaries with having been the first to kindle those dissensioes, which have lately assumed the aggravated form of KUL:I3IOW riots and out breaks of popular fury. Reshid Paths, upon wliom, as foreign minister, it falls to deal with questions affecting the interests of the various religions communities, having had '. his attention in a special manner called to these disputes, by the riot at Eraeroum on July 7, in which a mob of Arme nians broke into the house of Dr. Smith, the phsvician of the mission, and demolished his furniture ; and desirous of prove . oting for the future similar acts of violence, is at pre sent earnestly occupied with seeking a remedy for this dar.gerous state of things. He has called upon the American in; ssionarios for a declaration of the principles by which t',,ey are guided in their operations ; and these gentlemen have answered the call in a letter which has been prevented Ito Reshid Pacha by the Hon. Dabrey Carr, Resident Minister of the United States. Of this letter I now propese to give you an outline: 1. The American missionaries believe it is their solemn duty to teach men that the precepts of the gospel should be received with warm love, and practised with devout and hearty obedience. 2. Believing that many Christians have departed from the primitive faith of the Messiah, and have also added to it doctrines and practices of human invention, such as the woSdp of created thin" and that they magnify the form over the spirit, they make it the main object of their labours to induce their fellow-ehristlans to search the scrip tures with the view of getting rid of those error*. 3. They think forms of chin ch government of infinitely less im portance than the spiritual worship required by God. 4. They labour to make men morally and spiritually better. But because some Armenians have adopted from them the rule of taking the bible alone for their guide in faith and practice, the American missionaries are charged with proselytising. They answer that to announce religious truths is not to proselytise; and they offer the following refutation of the charge 1. There dors not exist anywhere a one Protestant Church to which then could make proselytes. In fact, they belong themselves to four different sects of Christians though working together in harmony. 2.—They have no authority or ronutussiun front any church in America or elsewhere to make proselytes to that church. 3.—During 20 years that they have been in Aria and in Constan tinople then have drawn no person away from his own church to theirs. All those rayah Christians that have associated with them have remained in their own church, until they were excommunicated by their own clergy. 4.—So far front having tempted men to leave their own church, hundreds of different sects, not understanding the strict and holy life which the gospel requires, have come and offered to join their church, but have been refused admission. S.—The evangelical Armenians never constituted themselves into Christian churches, or chose for themselves persorw to become regular ministers of the gospel, until they had been excommunicated from their own church. They could have conscientiously remaine.l in the Church of the Annenians, if the clergy of the church would have left them unmolested, and given thin' freedom of conscience. But after they had patiently fur several years endured persecution, the present Patriarch required them to sign a Confession of Faith which he had prepared, mowing belief in the worship of pictures, relics, and other such things: and he most them with curses out of theChureh, because they could not sign it. These Armenians are therefore necessarily driven to con stitute separate congregations. In doing this, however, they have not joined the chureli of the American missionaries, who have no control over the congregations or churches of rayah Protestants. 1310 all the members of those churches, with their pastors, are rayahs of the Ottoman gocenunent, with no foreign su'gccts nee era with them. It is impos sible for them to come under the control of any foreign ecclesiastical herd, ouch as the Catholicos of itch Kilissi in Russia, or tho - Pope at Rome ; nor can they have any rela tions of authority or control with the churches of any foreign nation svlsrAever. The Mahometan law does not acknowledge that one Christi.sn sect is deserving of more favour than another. Fetw.as also of the Grand Muf:i have decided, that rayahs mrsy freely adopt the religion of foreli-,ntrs ; and that the 'government cannot legally demand the spiritual obedience of its Christian subjects to the bishops of any church. Upon this principle of the equality of all Christian sects, the Torte ].at hitherto tolerated the Latin totcisn miesion- SHIPWRECK.—A Swedish vessel, the Kronprinsere Capt. Bengston, front Hull, with a cargo of coals, VI , wrecked a few days back near ltoyau, at the mouth of tic Gironde. The captain and foul of the crew clung to the rigging until the neat morning, when a pilot-but took there widely to shore. The captain, unfortunately, bad both Ins legs fractured. Two other men had been the night beton washed overboard, but succeeded in reaching the show.: safety. ITAI.Y.—ROME, SEPT. 18.—All the flour destined for the bread for the army was thrown into the Tiber oe the 17th, by order of the Pope, as not being fit fur use. lennfil flour is reohibited for the future. GERMAN Y.—FRANKFORT, SEPT. 26.—ThcFrank• fort journals published to-day the official statement of the resolution of the —iet on the affairs of Sleswig, Holstein. It wholly agre,s with that published in our paper of the 24th. STUTTGARD, SEPT. 23.—The Emperor Nieholu has not come with the Crown Prince and Princess, as"' expected, but we are able to announce, on good authert , that he has purchased several houses adjoining each other in the Konigstrasse, which be will have pulled down, sada magnificent palace erected on their site, where his &mho* Rader will reside, and where apartments will be waged iur himself when he comes to reside here for any time, as ae proposes frequently to do. VIENNA, SEPT. 20.—Instead of the Arelidukeleb n who is indisposed, the Emperor has appointed Count Mr , ' dorf, general of the country, to go to the Prussian moat Liegnitx. LUBECK, SEPT. 27.—We are happy to t•mr.ourN on good authority that, in consequence of the refusal of the Danish Government to allow the city of Lubeck to conitro an iron railway through the German duchies of Lauenburf or Holstein, in order to join the German railwas, Senate has resolved to address a complaint to the Germs: Diet. A note on this subject was despatched to Frankfort hot week, and our senator Dr. Curtin.. is now gone thither. in order to conduct the affair, which is so important rr Lubeck, and indirectly to all Germany. MUNSTER, SEPT. 20.—Last night a fire broke oil in the neighbouring town of Ibbenblihren,which all , not CY tinguished till 60 buildings, including the Protestant charrA were reduced to ashes. Baavvr... lusay ; In t} Crp =Sot . MMORA, in the 13th errotteoto l 3 the walk lAI date of En , . Sept. 28, at LONI ramainini and then In the adjoureei street, time, but different' they rest specify ai put, nor might au as there due, and tended to claims sr boas sus objection! sustained substanti E,.;1 His choice of this paor, hysterical Witxt.tat IlaurasoN, to ter, a principle upon, is like the lec turer's practice of physiological experiments on a help less puppy. He is the "corpus vile" for the experiment of equalisation. Unlike the illustrations of the lee ture-room, however, the example of the police rnf,gistrate is of no value unless the subject of it be pr operiy chosen. The punishment of the solici tor's 'clerk reads no lesson tothe snobbish gent-gentle mar. of the West-end. Had the clerk, on the contrary, been a guardsman or an honourable, the sacrifice to ; j ustice would have operated with tremendous effect on the smallest shopman, who feels that in knocker-steal ing and lamp-smashing he is as good as a lord. We have advocated the principle of equalisation as earnestly as any of our contemporaries; but we feel that it is outraged instead of illustrated by this sentence of Mr. BALLANTIYI'S. His allusion to the press betrays some lurking feeling of a false position. He had better have confessed his over-severity, and relaxed the punishment, than have taken credit for a firmness which is little better than the etubbornuen Ekstpone The r.n dishier ii been etri the Wm] ground c potion o terday ti of Lis re the nam the retie COLONIAL. CRYLON.—ON Drr.—lt is rtunoured by seteri parties in Colombo, that private letters haw been recrivef by the mail of June the 6th, speaking pretty confidently 6 the accession of the Whig party to power, and that in the event of such being the case, Mr. 'ruffed], *r and formerly private secretary to Sir lt. Horton, would lo offered the Governorship of Ceylon. That this genders. , might obtain the appointment under the contingent , ' ludcd to is very likely, looking to the interest he peo with his party ; but it is not quite so certain either dud t would he spared by them from the house, or that he nut do better at home as tinder-See:retary for the Colo wt, parishes the boot allowed, withdra Gael Bosangt for the with at were 14 side ; ai by the 1 through party ha with thi in his cli result of interest. PRC elahorat Durhau we find votes. " In vitium dunit rutin fogs, Id caret ante." MR. HALLANTINE has been illustrating the axiom of HORACE. In a laudable anxiety to do justice, he has, we fear, inflicted a most disproportionate punish ment. In his determination to assert a principle, he has taken the opportunity of a most unsuitable case. It has been often complained that, practically, Enr . ,_ land has one law for the rich, and another for the poor; at least in petty offences. Any rich man may t njoy the luxury of an assault by paying for it. The fine imposed is the price of the article. The " gentleman " buys his knock-down blow, or wrenched knocker, or smashed lamp, at Bow-street; as he does his coat at STUTZ'S, or his boots at HOBE'S. The tariff varies at different police-offices. A Mr. COUDE ) fox example, - - - - - THE QUEEN'S PALACES have dwindled down to : princely country residence, a comfortable sea-sine an inconvenient town mansion. They are not more intro ber than the residences of private gentlemen of (alum. believe (says a correspondent of the Brit/fel) It' a ant perfectly correct in saying, that the brother his Royal Highness Prince Albi rt, the reigning PIK Saxe-Gotha, has ten, if not twelve, noble palacei.. o :, , luchy, many of which were visited by Qilefn ri dung her tour on the continent; whilst it would be (IN ! , name some of our nobility who possess , each , six and 't," princely mansions; and 'leaving Windsor Castle out question, no royal residence in this country can vie ut dour or extent with Blenheim, Chatswotth, Castle.oo or 'Mist ith," on th( of tio that a chai moult of Lo occa , i much i s AVINDsc weather pre E rtl famil; A cabin t ° t ffici t i t =cellar, cellar o rpeth, ti ti. ::h*ailia., ty : imall4l6; 4o: °. i u iP°Tl3laiBlBi rv g °c iv llYnah:ll:3. l ( iteb.k l 2 64 l l .l4( 4,l o rice( 4th L. 1..1n ' b urg ., vice C ,- ech L Dru lqualr, who 14th 1,. I h IKr., rithou :10f u general • lot Urea. Sat., to be 1 Sem ' uh, r Col., be pur. And w b • Scot. ig. Fu ld beut.-col., b 1 burn to be In • - 7-7 - hie c 1 preg* MAILS. The mails for British North America, Bermuda, and the United States, will be tondo up on the evening of the 3d October (this day). overbnd mails for Gibraltar, Malta, Greece, the lonian Islands, Egypt, Aden, Celiac, India, llong-Kong, and China, via goutnampton, will be wade up on the morning of the 31 October (this day). The nails for Madeira, Brazils, Buenos Ayres, Monte Sloan, &e., will be made up on the evening of the sth October. The mails for Coronas, Vigo, Oporto, Lisbon, Madeira, Cadiz, and •libraltar, will be made up on the 7th October. The overland closed mails, via Munro es, to the Mediterranean, Egypt, Aden, Ceylon, India, Ilong-Kong, &c., will be made up on the evening of the 7th October. TO CORRESPONDENTS. We cannot notice, in nny way, nny communication that in sent to us anonymously ; but those who excise to acklrem us in confidence will End their confidence respected. NEITHER CAN WE UNDERTAKE TO RETURN ANY MANUSCRIITS WHATEVER. ••• Advertisements intended for The Express must be at the Office by Two o'clock on the day of publication. MOH WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE. THIS DAT. —."Morning, mie. past —; Afternoon, 21 min. past 0. To-nounow.—Mornms, 49 min. past 0; Afternoon, 13 min. loot 1. LONDON, SATURDAY, OCT. 3. IT is worthy of remark that as often as French and Spanish Sovereigns, or French and Spanish Go vernments, lay their heads together for an alliance, they carry their views beyond Spain itself. But it is natural that the French should seek to conceal their object of merely absorbing Spain ; and it thus becomes their policy to point out to the Spaniards some glo rious feat or adventure which is to redeem the ancient glory of the country, and open splendid or lucrative prospects to its military chiefs. As Mr. CANNING observed, the greed of LOUIS XIV. was not merely for Spain, but for Spain the mistress of the Indies; and French counsel has never been wanting in these later days, to urge her to re-seize some portion of her ancient sovereignty in the New World. Mexico was long the favourite land for their Cha teaux en Espaguc. But the " stars and stripes" have become too predominant there; and the ob ject of Franco-Spanish dreams has transferred itself to the knot of South American republics, which extend from the Spanish main over the Andes to the Pacific. There is of course a South American hero; the projec tor of the scheme; and one who has successfully in stilled it into the ears and hopes Of MARIA CHRI S TINA and her French ally. Let us introduce our readers to this personage. The hero of the Equator for many years was General FLORES, a Venezuelan by birth, bold, brave, and of fas cinating manners and exterior. He first rose to power in the Equator as a patriot general, and even ruled in that character for a time ; until, seeking to prolong his power beyond republican tolerance, he was re sisted, and compelled to abdicate in 1814. He with drew to Europe; meditating, of course, schemes for a restoration. Ultimately, repairing to Madrid, he succeeded in making himself agreeable to the queen mother ; so much so, that hu has since lived at the Madrid court more as the accredited minister from a friendly power, than as an exiled stranger. WE will now state the project of which General FLORES aims to be the hero. It has hitherto escaped our• contemporaries; and for the most part, in truth, eluded publicity. Yet it has an interest which may contest with even the lONTI'ENSIER plot; its objects, prospectively, arc large ; and it spreads itself through other channels than that in which it directly runs, with a threatening and dangerous aspect. It may be, as yet, but a small cloud; a speck in the sky of the northern hemisphere; but, for the southern, it por tends a coming and widely extending storm. In a word, the chief ruling power of the Peninsula casts a longing look to those ci-derant possessions which were first the glory and then the perdition of Spain. That her ex-colonies are irretrievably lost to her, is a settled fact, consigned already to the page of history ; but somehow or other, this fact has never yet been properly accepted in the councils of Madrid. Its light has not yet fully penetrated into the chambers of the Escurial. The submission to the loss, we fancy, has becu as yet with a mental reservation ; and Spain, though compelled to defer, has never lost the hope of a re-conquest of her colonies. Accordingly, a crusade is about to be undertaken against them, in this present year of grace and civilisation-1846. The scheme of Ftottei is, briefly, nothing less than the conquest of the three Venezuelan republics and Peru, to be erected into a sovereignty for some Spanish or Franco-Hispaniol prince. FLORES has even flattered CHRISTINA that one of her sons by the Duke of RIANZAREs, might occupy that lofty station. But whatever be the lure held out to her, certain it is, that all the resources of the Spanish government and court arc at this moment placed, for the purposes we have indicated, at the disposal of FLORES. The General is commissioned and empowered to raise a Spanish force, and may draft from the Spanish army such experienced officers and soldiers as he can induce to adopt his cause. Spanish arsenals and equipment stores are also open to him. He has a camp at Aspeitin, a small town near the coast of Bloomy, for the organisation of his force, and for the Miter of the military and naval auxiliaries which are to be supplied by Spain. In the raising of these forces and the preparation for his enterprise, General FLottE.s is said to be aided by his friend, General SANTA CRUZ, ex-President of Bolivia, and a forced political exile like himself, who boo betoken himself from Bordeaux tQ