The Express. — London, England, 1851-08-16 00:00:00

/ • Ttt I•fllr.es No. 1,553.] [No. 34, EXHIBITION EXPRESS.] over the corresponding period of last year, being at the rate of 2.46 per cent. In the month of June the increase amounted to 60,5461., being at the rate of 26.5 per cent. ; and for the five weeks ending the 2nd of August the in crease amounted to 71,1191. or 28.9 per cent. over the cor responding period of 1650. The traffic on the Groat Wistern Railway up to the end of May last showed an increase of 16,6731., being at the rate of 516 per cent.; in June an increase of 23,6821., being at the rate of 31.49 prr cent., and for the five weeks ending the 2nd inst., 49,4371. , or 5621 per cent. over the corresponding period of 1610. The South Eastern Company showed an increase in the receipts up to the end of Me; of 31,9011,, or 17.3 per cent.; in June, of 5,i66/., or 10 . 47 per cent. ; and for the five weeks ending the 2nd inst., 23,012/., or 30.7 per cent. over , the corresponding period of IEOO. The increase of traffic on the Loudon and South-Western Railway up to the end of May last amounted to 12,7531., or 6.55 per cent. ; in June, the increase amounted to 12,090 E, or 23 7 per cent.; and for the fire weeks coding the 2nd inst., to 26,6881., or 40.9 per cad. over the corresponding period of 1850. The traffic on the London, Brighten, and South Coast Railway, up to the end of May last, showed an increase of 15,6991., or 8.7 per cent.; in June the increase *mounted to 2,91.18/., or 6.48 per cent. ; and for five weeks ending the 2nd inst. the in crease amounted to 7,8701., or 12.1 per cent. over the cor responding period of 18.50. The increase of traffic on the London and Blackwall Railway, up to the end of May, amounted to 4,1601., or 27 per cent. ever the corresponding period of 18.50; in Juno the increase amounted to 1,283/.,0r 27.4 per cent. ; and in the five weeks ending the 2nd iust., the increase amounted to 1,9131., or 31.9 per cent. over the corresponding period of 1650. TILE PARIS FETES. The :Von iteur contains the following letter of thanks (an appropriate termination to the highly satisfactory proceedings of the week in Paris), from the English ambassador to P..e Minister for Foreign Aftairs on the part of Lord Granville and the Royal Corn mission of the Exhibition, jury, &e., for the cordial reception given them by the government and the municipahty of Paris, and in accordance with the letter of Lord Normanby given in our last issue. Monsieur le filinistre,-11 is with particular satisfaction that I address your Excellency, charged as I am to express oMcially to the President of the Republic, to the members of the government, to the Prefect of the Seine, and to the municipality of Paris, the deep gratitude of Lord Granville, of the other members of the royal COMMiAPiOII, of the jurors, and of those who are otherwise connected with the Great International Exhibition, for the cordial reception which they have everywhere found during their recent visit to Paris. They will ever cherish a heartfelt remembrance of the considerate and Nattering assiduity with which the authorities have taken care during their stay to offer them a specimen of all the interesting wonders a this splendid capital ; and they have leR deeply impressed I by the friendly feeling with which they have been on all occasions received by every class of the Parisian population. They are moreover pleased to see in these fetes, originat ing in a desire to do honour to the Great International Ex bibition, a first and satin factory proof that this useful enter- • prise will realise, beyond all doubt, the aim of its royal founder, in i s tendency to promote that cordial good-will which should always exist among civilised nations Per mit me further, Monsieur Ic klinistre, to assuie your Ex cellency that it is an extreme satisfaction to my-alf to have to transmit to your Excellency the expression of these feelings, knowing as I do, from the friendly re lations which have so long subsisted between us, as well before. as since our official intercourse, how much they will be shared by your Excellency. I think I may confidently call your predecessors to witness, that, during the period so fertile in events that I have resided here as the representative of my sovereign, my most strew. onus efforts have invariably tended to cultivate the best understanding, the most cordial relations between these two great neighbouring nations, who lease Co many interests in common. I take advantage of this occasion to renew to your Excellency the assurances of my high consideration. —NORMA:WRY. A medal has been struck at the French Mint, commemoration of the fetes. On the face, with the motto " Dies (eater actur," and the date N 0,., Aug., is a representation of the Hotel de Ville and underneath this inscription," Salerne artibusque poptlorum omnium Civitas Lutetia Parisiorum." On the reverse are two female figures holding palm branches and crowns. THE EXIIIBITION MUSEUM. The following is a copy of the circular addressed to exhibitors of machinery, on the subject of supplying plans and drawings of the articles exhibited by them, for the purpose of assisting in forming the Exhibition Museum: " Office of the Executive Committee, Exhibition building, Kensington-road, London, 1E451. " Sir—l ant directed by the Executive Committee to trans mit to you the accompanying announcement respecting aced- Icetion to be made of records of the articles exhibited. Con sidering the great interest and practical value which would attach to a collection of plans or drawings of the greater number of the machines, with samples of their products, as well as of many of the engineering inventions, and of the philosophical instruments now brought together from differ ent countries, as also the importance to each exhibitor of an accurate record being preserved of his exertions on this occasion, it has appeared highly desirable that a systematic collection of these should be made. lam therefore to seek fur your co-operation in carrying this proposal into effect, and to request you will have the goodness to present the Commissioners with plans or drawings in duplicate of the articles you exhibit. These should, fur the largest ma chines, be on a scale of not less than four feet to an inch, and for the smaller ones about two feet to an inch. Other plans and drawings should be made so as not, at all events, to occupy a larger space than a sheet of foolscap paper. " Blank forms have been prepared fur the insertion of the names of the inventor, the manufacturer, and the exhibitor of each artiee so recorded, as well as of a description of its peculiarities or uses, where no objections exist to such a course. "The superintendent of the district will afford you any further information on this subject which you may require. " I have the honour to be, sir, " Your most obedient servant, "H. W. Tu.na, Lieut. "Far M. D. Wyatt." THE WEEK AT THE GLASS PALACE. MONDAY. The Crystal Palace ilthisday was less numerously attended than lately on Mondays, the total number of visitors having been 58,634. A striking tribute to the orderly tendencies of our countrymen has just been afforded in an instruction issued on the subject of the police engaged at the building. On Satunlay night it was notified to Superintendent Pierce, of the F metropolitan division, that after that day the whole of his men might be withdrawn Irom the Crystal Palace, the presence of such a control being found uo longer necessary. The new arrivals from the United States consist chiefly of agricultural implements and carriages. Several of the latter are handsomely shaped, and remarkable for the light ness of their construction. The former class do not differ very much in their features from the old contributions in the same section ; their principal characteristics being cheap nen and lightness of draught. Since the experimental trial at Tiptree-farm, Al•Corcuack's reaping machine has been an object of much interest among the agriculturists who have visited the Exhibition. Cash account, August 11. Season tickets At the doors Total receipts TVE.DAY. Them 'was little to call fn• particular remark in the doings at the Crystal Palace on Tuesday, or to distiu guish that date from the orderly and quiet routine which, to the credit of the humbler classes of our falow countrymen be it said, has invariably characterised the days of admission at one ►tilling. ' ' Several schools attended, among which were the children of the Deptford Benevolent Institution, comprising 32 boys and an equal number of girls. The concourse was pretty equally distributed through all parts of the building ; yet considerable difficulty was expe rienced by the police in preserving a passage for the free circulation of the stream of visitors. Owing to the oppres sive sultriness of the temperature, which was several degrees higher than on the previous day, great fatigue was endured by many, and the utmost extent of sitting room afforded both by the different refreshment courts and the other parts of the buildin; was completely occupied. Amon.; aeri.ale lam sits i;l6il.lli Stases are I a raliwg pea lifter and a pesieg Joachim, which are mai- dered to surpass everything else of the kind now extant. The pen lifter is a simple contrivance for raising the pens used in ruling account books and it is calculated to do the work of six journeymen. The paging machine prints on both shies of the sheet simultaneously, and is capable of paging 20 reams per day; whereas the machine at present in use can only print one side of the paper at one time, and accomplishes hut two reams per day. On this day another novelty was introduced into the Glass Palace, namely, a very excellent design in plaster of " Oliver Twist." It is placed on the south aide of the nave, in the American department, but whether the work of an American artist or not does not appear. Police numbers, 58,554. Cash account, August 12. Scacon tickets At the doors 2,826 19 0 Total receipts WEDNESDAY. OnWednesday the Crystal Palace was again visited by crowds of indefatigable spectators. During the first three hours as many as 36,821 persons arrived, including a num ber of school children. Among these were the remaining portion of the scholars of the Kensington British Schools, the whole having been introduced at the sole expense of J. E. Davies, Esq., a county magistrate, and one of the trus tees of the school. Colonel Reid, Mr. Dilke, Mr. Cole, Colonel Lloyd, and Dr. Playfair on this day attended Osborne-house, on • summons from Prince Albert, for the purpose of taking into consideration several important matters in connection with the Exhibition. Police numbers, 47,817. Cash account, August 13. Season tickets At the doors 2,264 10 0 Total receipts THURSDAY. The numbers of visitors to the Crystal Palace are riaintained with retn,ukable rigour, notwithstauding the immen•o cmwds who have already inspected its wonders. On 'fhurulay, according to the police returns, 42,452 persons entered the building. _ _ A very pleasing alteration has been made within the last few days in Keith's silk trophy, in the nave. The British Plate Olassi Company have introduced a long slip of look ing-glass at the end of each of the four projecting arms or wings on which the silks are displayed. Th•e extreme brilliancy gives a lightness of appearance to the trophy, by which it is greatly improved; and owing to these glasses being fixed at the corners of the trophy, they reflect diagonally objects in the nave or transept, and the visitor is not a little perplexed to discover where the articles so reflected arc to be found. It may not he uninteresting to state, that the English were the first who introduced machinery into plate-glass works. The French had a manufactory for casting the glass, but tae various pro. ceases of grinding and polishing were all done by hand labour. In 1773 the British Plate-glass Company first commenced the manufacture of plate-glass in this country. They afterwards introduced the machinery both fur grind ing and polishing, and the French and all other companies since established use the same kind without any alteration in its princples. We believe that the second steam-engine in this country was put up by Messrs. Boulton and Watt at the British Plate-glass Company's works, and it is still working there. The total amount received by the this day—including subscriptions, catalogue and refresh ment contracts, season tickets, admissions, retiring rooms, umbrellas, &c.—was 389,5821. 3s. 10d. Cash account, Aug. 14. Season tickets At the doors 2,386 0 0 Total receipts FRIDAY. The usual characteristics of Friday, when compared with the antecedent days of the week iu relation to the number and personnel of the eight seers, were observable yesterday at the Crystal Palace, and no predominant fea ture came before our notice during a three hours' sojourn as calling for particular remark. It may, however, be men tioned that there was au increase of nearly '2,400 visitors beyond the sum total of the preceding Friday, the Bth inst.. which was reported at t 8,466 ; while the visitors of yester day attained the number of 20,839. Among the visitors yesterday came a party of four Ire. quois Indians, who, besides inspecting the interior of the building, had an interview with the Eat native Committee, and were less reserved and more sensible than might have been expected. They expressed great astonishment, not at the Koh-i-noor itself, but at its value ; and the whoop which they raised when Mr. Catlin, their guide, told them this, for a moment suggested misgiving for the safety of the po liceman who guards the treasure. The machinery in motion also produced a strong impression upon them, and when one of the self-acting " mules " was suddenly arrested in its course, tho " Manama " or " Great Spirit" was the cause. Their " palaver " with the Executive related to some things which they had brought over with them from the other side of the " Salt Lake," and which they wished admitted into the Exhibition. Within the last few days an unoccu- pied space at tho west end of the building, close to where the agricultural implement display terminates, Ass been filled with specimens of those descriptions of gliM which form the staple manufactures of Manchester, which Owe had no well selected representation of its products in the Crystal Palace possessing a distinctive local character. Now that omission has been supplied, and visitors will examine with interest a collection of stuffs so characteristic not only of the town but of the genius of the country in which they are made. In strong contrast to these Manchester goods are contributions from China, by Major Edy, among which is included a set of remarkable bronzes, said by the Chinese to be 5,000 years Cash account, August 15, Season tickets At the doors 2,151 7 0 Total receipts PRINCE ALBERT AND THE FRENCH COMMISSIONERS. Subjoined is the letter addressed by Prince Albert to M. Charles Dupin, President of the French Commission of the - Exhibition of 1651, in reply to one received from that gentleman by his Royal Highness, both of which arc alluded to elsewhere : " Osborne, Jule 31. t. Monsieur le President,—l have received with much satisfaction the letter of the 27th of this month, which you have addressed to me, in my quality . of President of the Royal Commission for the Exhibi tion of IWSI, in the name of the French commission, on the occasion of your return to France, after I having terminated your labours relative to the juries. I fully appreciate, together with all the commissioners of her Majesty, the great devotedness displayed by you and by the commission over which you preside. I appreciate the inces,ant zeal and scrupulous attention with which, dining three months, you have accomplished, together with a great number of the most eminent men of all coun tries, the extremely laborious and responsible duty of jurymen. The best recompense that you can receive will be given to you by the general approba tion of the public, when the results of your labours shall be known. The royal commissioners are not insensible to the readiness with which the members of the French commission have conformed to the regulations imposed on the subject of the conditions on which the first medals were to be accorded, though your experience of French Exhibitions caused yon to consider these conditions as not neces sary. It is scarcely necessary to say that the regu lations in question were only laid down by her Ma jesty's commissioners after the most complete con sideration of the peculiar circumstances of the Uni versal Exhibition—all their desires were to act in the best way calculated to obtain the success of the enterprise. I cannot let this occasion pass with out expressing our sentiment of the great advantage vie have dini*ed from Femme having formed by her peductions such en interesting and precious portion THE EXHIBITION EXPRESS, FOR THE WEEK ENDLNO SATURDAY, AUGUST 16. Tice attendance at the Crystal-palace during the present week has been small as compared with that of previous similar perinds. On the respective shilling days of tic week the average number of persons who visited the building was 53,900 ; but when it is borne in mind that the first keen edge of metropolitan cu riosity respecting the building and its contents is sow worn oaf, and that the vast majority of the pre sent multitudes of visitors is imported from the pro vinces or the Continent, these figures must be regarded as positively large. The oppressive heat which has been expenenced in London throughout the week no doubt operated as a strongly-deterring reason for the absence of ticket holders, so that, all things con sidered, it is unlikely that the remarkable diminution in the amount ofattendatice to which we have adverted will be permanent. On this day week the Saturday's price of admission was reduced from :Is. to halta crown, and the experiment in a financial point of view was quite successful, the recei pt s exceeding time of most of the previous Saturdays. On the same day her Majesty and the Prince visited the building, and devoted a considerable time to the examination of the most striking of the novelties which were introduced since their last inspection. The labours of the juries have been brought to a clone in the most satisfactory manner. Letters of felicitation in reference to this subject have passed between Prince Albert and the president of the French commission. Bearing testimony to the ad mirable skill with which the jurors of that nation discharged their arduous functions, M. Dupla says: Three hundred and forty jurors, taken from all nations, have employed 62 days in prolOund examinations, and dis cussions the most earnest, in order to achieve the delicate task of judging of the products of forty nations. We, the French juror., should have liked to see rewards of the first class given fur beauty, exquisite grace, perfection, without prescriptions of any kind. We hats striven that restrictions and interdictions should be as limited as possible, without eseiting repulsion', repugnance", and commercial apprehensions, even in England. ln the classes of industry in which all the orders of recompenses an nounced by the Royal Commission were possible, we have 'ought to secure the triumph of distributive justice. • In allusion to the same gratifying topic, Prince Albert writes as follows : I appreciate the incessant seal and scrupulous attention with which, during three months, you have accomplished, together with a great number of the most eminent men of all countries, the extremely laborious and responsible duty of jurymen. The brat recompense that you can receive sill be given to you by the general approbation of the public, when the results of your lalsours shall be known. The royal commissioners are not insensible to the readiness with which the members of the French commission have con formed to the regulations imposed on the subject of tic conditions on which the first meelals were to be accorded, though your experience of French Exhibitions caused you to consider these conditions Minot necessary. The two letters are given in another column. Respecting the public adjudication of prizes, no official announcement has yet been made, but it is believed that the names of the successful competitors will be announced very shortly. A considerable period must necessarily elapse before the medals are ready, but the rigour and promptitude which have hitherto characterised the conduct of the executive committee in effecting the completion of similar matters of de tail, leave no ground for apprehension that their pre paration will be delayed longer than is absolutely necessary. It has been rumoured for some time that every exhibitor will receive a medal as a memorial of his contributions, even though he may not be for tunate enough to carry away a prize, A statement has been published to the effect that on Tuesday next a meeting of the Royal Commission will be held to settle finally certain natters on which it is necessary to come to a decision before the Queen and the Prince leave for Balmoral. The principal questions thus about to be discussed are, no doubt, the exact date on which the building should close, and the manner in which that event should take place. On the first point, it seems pro bable that an early day in October (sonic say the I I th) will be fixed for the purpose, as otherwise con tributors from the north of Europe may have their goods overtaken by the winter ice; and, under any circumstances, at that period the pleasure-seeking sea- , eon of the year is over. We may therefore fairly take it for granted that the building will clove before the middle of October. The mode in which the final closing of the Exhibition is to take place will also form an important item for consideration, and whether there is to be on that occasion a court ceremonial or not will be determined. Public opinion is decidedly in favour of a display at the conclusion of the under taking, no leas impressive than that by which its commencement was signalised. Referring to this interesting topic, the .Ithrorasm says: In (Molar, the Exhibition will probably be closed. When the present contents are wholly ur in part removed, slut is there to prevent the holding of a hall orfte in the build ing ? Who would not like to ace the beautiful edifice lightest with gas? We know of no reason why the Execu tive Committee may not close their brilliant administration by a s TIC. of evening receptions. The condition , of such a fete or fetes are all at hand. The building may be safely and conveniently lighted. Thousands of jets could no doubt be borrowed fur the occasion. With a good cause in hand, the committee might apply to every club in London for the loan of the devices used tor their illuminations. Most et the great tradesmen would also, in all probability, be willing to lend such jets, stars, and other devices as they possess, for the same purpose. Some oi the Cosign states would, probably, wish to set up their own arms ; and our .tmerican friends would no doubt he anxious to illustrate in this way their gigantic *ogle. SJ far as we can se-e, no great difficulty or expense stands in the way of lighting the Glass Palace. In other respects it is already prepared and decorated for !melt pur pose. as we have mentioned. The palace once lighted, it would attract new crowds of admirers. A new fund would probahly he raised. The proposed ball would leave a sot plu—the receptions would no doubt more than pay the,r expenu A. The balance PO acenting should, we think, lie applied to some purposes strictly in connexion with the other great purposes of the Exhibition; and we know of no form in which it could he more wisely and forethoughtly laid out--considering the great attitude which our arts and asanneketures have taken—the honourable challenge which we have sent out to the nations, and the bracing rivalry to which we have given up the future—than in promoting, enlareinst, and improving our Schools of Design. It s is ' intended, on and atter Monday, and until further notice, to open the doors each day at nine instead of ten o'clock, and to close at six instead of seven of present hour for Amongst the useful projects which the executive committee arc engaged in carrying out is the forma tion of a statistical record of the contents of the building, and they have addressed a circular to each exhibitor requesting a statement of the value of the articles he exhibits. They are also forming a collec tion of all price lists and trade circulars issued by the exhibitors, which, however, it is not intended to print. but to preserve as an authentic record of the value of the articles contained in the building. The commercial results of the Exhibition are now admitted on all hands to be most beneficial. Those exhibitors who have given substantial earnest of ability in their various trades are now enjoying in return a large and increasing amount of public pa tronage. The COalbrookdale Iron Company have sold their remarkable gates for 1,500 t, and * , if report speaks correctly', have received orders for other copies of them. Her Majesty has also rewarded their spirited first experiments in bronze casting by the purchase of Belts Andromeda, with its pedestal. In fact all our most eminent manufacturers, as well of orna mental as of useful fabrics, aro receiving ample proof of the value of the Exhibition to them. The following paragraph presents some interest ♦ lag details of the influence exercised by the Exhibi tion on railway traffic. The traffic on the Lundm aud Nurth W 'estaa or So the sad of May last showed aa Immo of 22,61ffe LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, AITGCTST 16, 1851. [PRICE (DOUBLE SHEET) FOURPENCE of the Exhibition ; and at your government having taken care to send so many 41. t-cnrurre, the cha racter of which will certainly est •rcise a happy in fluence on the sciences and arts of out * own and other countries. I conclude in expressing b. ' you, both both in my own name and in that of the royals.imuns our thanks for the part which you bas e personally taken in our labours, both as president at one of the groups of juries, and as lice-president of tk 0 superior council or presidents, as also for the imperil. dity and urbanity you have displayed on all occasions on which you have fulfilled these functions. Aceept, SA •., " ALBE,'VT, " President of the Royal Commission if Dies, nd." The following is the note which elicit al the ft, re going : When the ore appears at the bottom of the fumue the sup ply is stopped, and the blast increased. below the table-piece u upon the stand of the sideboard, have a very rich appearance. A mirror is placed betweeh the table and the projecting step, the effect of which is very pleasing to the eye. The step, which is very elegantly executed, forms two advancing side.parta, sustained by ornamental carvings. The table and the projecting step are embellished by marble slabs of a dark•rcd colour, calk d • . , During this the air driven in at the bottom is con.smned by the combustion of the lower layer of coke, and the car bonic acid formed losing part of its oxygen in passing through the next layer of coke, is converted into carbonic oxide, by the aid of which and the high temperature, the iron is reduced. At the moment of its reduction to the metallic state, it is most probably quite pure, and would require a much higher temperature for its fusion. As the spongy mass of iron falls lower down in the furnace tD its hottest part, it acquires the temperature necessary fur the combination of iron and carbon. This takes place, and the cast iron formed being fusible at a much lower degree of heat, runs into the bottom of the furnace with the slag, and is let out as often as is necessary by opening a hole at the side. "grist/ Upon each side of the side-board, on a square pedestal, is a splendid candelabrum, of gilt brnnza, about 6 feet high, executed in the manufactory of Mr. David Hol lenbach, of Vienna, and holding each from 30 to 30 lights. Each candelan.-um consists of a kind of sock, very rich, and divided into thn e parts, each of which sustains an elegant statue ; consequeatly, there are three statues which embrace and support branches of rising plants. Above these statues the branches expand in large leaves and flowers, which, forming groups, preseat to the view three divisions, termi nating at their summits in bouquets of flowers, destined fOr holding the wax candles. They are cast in one piece, and have an exceedingly strikin t v effect. The chairs, of which there a.ec thirty. six, are very rich. Ono of them is, as a pattern, cover& with silk stuff, the design of which was drawn by M. Benin do de Bernardi., the archl tea, and was executed by M. rie.TC Simonetta, from Milan, in his manufactory at Reifenberg, near Ling. All the other chairs am for the present covered with another and rums simple material. Then is also in this saloon a beautiful pknino, inlaid Gaulle, made by M. Edward Scuffert, at Vienna ; the splen did bronze ornaments with which it is embellished are cast by M. Hollenback. Besides the iihove-mentioned objects is a flower-shelf (t , tayi re a jleurs). with a marble statue rep:emitting Inno cence ; it is surrounded by trellis-work of artificial ratan cane, and entwined with creeping plants. This tasteful piece of workmanship was executed by M. 1. Ark, at Vienna. Filially, there is a gigantic chronometer, made by M. T. F. Hazonberger, marking the time of all the principal towns of the globe. It is iu a frame of violet eiony wood, with bninze ornaments, executed by M. Hullenhaoh. It is surmounted by a groupof bronze statues, represenVng Time pulling'fl' the mask front Vanity. This group V:01 MO.. Jelled by M. Felice Figgini, the celebrated seulptor at Milan. The designs I,r all these interesting objects have been drawn by 31. Bernardo de fkrnardis.—.lforniny Chroticle. London, July 10, 111.51. - • . • Pietism—The French Commission is unwillity to quit Great Britain without expressing once more the sentiments with which it regards your Royal Highness. The great idea of the Exhibition is yours. The &Acui ties of rendering it acceptable in England were immense ; you have surmounted them by the reason which convinces and the grace which persuades. To the Royal Commission, composed of men the mat eminent in special departments and statesmen experionc , xl in the conduct of difficult undertakings, you added the exe cutive committee, of which we arc unable to speak in tarns of sufficient praise. We admire the rare ability it distil:led in the accomplishment of the unparalleled task of rearing, tarnishing, and organising a palace, and all within so short a period. We love to praise it for its perfect urhanisy towards strangers, an urbanity which has twen displayed from the highest officers downwards to the garden de polies, who might well have been named garde* de fa ?vides**. Exhibitors and visitors of all countries have been touched by ono most gracious spectacle—the flattering cu riosity and the indefatigable benevolence with which her Majesty, conducting her august family, has, during three months, pursued to completion her inspection of the exhi bitions of different nations. Husbands and fathers, we have been moved while observing how happy was the Queen to add to her crown a jewel more precious than all the rest by conquering suffrages and good wishes among the representatives of all nation., in favour of a work which she treasured as that of the father of her children. One word on our functions. Three hundred and forty jurors, taken from all nations, have employed 62 days in profound examinations, and discussions the most earnest, in order to achieve the delicate task of judging of the products of forty nations. We, the French jurors, should have liked to see rewards of the first class given for beauty, exquisite grace, perfec tion, without prescriptions of any kind. We have striven that restrictions and interdictions should be us limited as possible, without exciting repuldons, re pugnance*, and commercial apprehensions, even in Eng land. In the classes of industry in which all the orders of recom penses announced by the Royal Commission were possible, we have sought to secure the triumph of distributive The characters of the product depend in a great measure upon several apparently trivial circumstances, the shape of the furnisee, the freedom of the coke from sulphur, de. The dil6..reetee between the white and the grey cast iron does not appsor to be so much a consequence of the quantity of carbon in them, as of the state in which it exists. Altogether it appears probable that the differences between cast irons, malleable iron, and steel, will be more easily explainable physically than chemically!; much, how ever remains to be done before the point can be satisfac torily determined. Among the most important improvements which have recently been introduced into the iron mann facture, that of heating the blast, holds a prominent place. The cold air which is forced into the furnace sorbs a considerable portion of the heat developed by the combustion of the coke. Neilson was the first to propose the heating of the air previous to its entering into the fie:mace. Ile made the experiment at the Clyde and Calder Iron Works, near Lilasgow, and soon found that not only could raw coal be used instead of coke, but that the con- sumption of fuel was reduced to less than one-half. Since that time the hot blast has been adopted at many iron works. Circa difference of opinion, however, still exists en the subject, and still further investigation is necessary to determine whether the hot blast eau be employed witbout injuring the quality of the iron, and making the smeltaig more difficult. The combustible gases which escape from the mouth of the furnace have hitherto received but little attention, and it is only within the last few years that their ' composition has been examined, and an attempt made to make theta serviceable as fuel. At lUCt'l.Trlt.\l. IMPLEMENTS IN THE ENIIIRITI9N. —ln this department there is an oat-huruiscr and chi/r -einter combined, the invention of M. F. do Porquet, and, manufactured by Mary Wedlake and Co. The chair-cutter is put in motion by means of the common fly-wheel—be tween whieh and the broker is a connecting rod, and by the application of a lei Cr and clutch, the action of either or both these machines is at once secured. The article is alike useful and ingenious, and reflects credit on its intelligent inventor. A registered challeutter, in vented and manufactured by Mr. Comes, ref' Nantwich, has a prize medal OWaTtiell to it. The peculiarities of this machine arc that it is furnished with three knives, is applicabbsto hand, horse, or steam-power, and cuts five dif ferent lengths of chatf, one of them of four inches, fur litter. A registered gorse-cutting and seed-bruising machine, de signed and manufactured by Mr. Burrell, of Thetford, is also deemed worthy of a prizo medal. Hitherto gorse, as food for cattle, has nut liven available to the extent it ought. for want of a contrivance to prepare it in an efficient manner, and in one operation; and Mr. Hamill has hero produced a machine fiely adequate to ace plish this desirable result. The machine first cuts the gorse as chaff, and then passes it through a large pair of rollers, ono of which has a pressure upon it of four tons weight, by meaus of which the gorse is compressed end reduced to a pulpy condition. An undeniable advantage of this implement too is, that it can be driven by horse, steam, ur manual power. With two-horse power, one man and a hey ran prepare six cert. per hour. Its utility and value to the occupiers of light soils are scarcely to be over-estimated. Tlw iron ploughs are in gi - neral remarkable for their lightness, strength, and simplicity • but they present few improve ments, except in minor details. Somewhat of a novelty in one or two of those exhibited by Mr. Howard, of Bedford, is to he found in the facility which it gives by means of a screw and rod for raising or lowering the point of the sham. In an adjoining avenue, Class ti, Mr. Cruskill shows a patent steam-mill, for whir!, we perceive the Comenissiunem have adjudged him a prise medal. This machine is Citillible of grinding both mineral and vegetable substances; and it deals with coprolites, pottery, flints, and corn, in an equally effective manner. Its extraordinary crushing power is chiefly derived front the grinding plates being worked with an " eccentric movement." as it is termed. This. Ant:RICAN lIEAVING NIAUIIINE was on Wed nesday tested upon the farm of Mr. Dray, of the firm of Deane, Dray, awl Co., in the presence of a large number of pe,SOOS lisseMlittli to willies, the experiment. 'rho of wheat selected for the experiment was steep, situated upon the side of a hill. The machine, drawn by two horses, and attended by two men, rut with case at the rate of line tiers twe hour. Ender more favourable circumstance+ the in ventor stated that it would 110 from fifteen to twenty acres per day. The perfOrmance appeared to giro the greatest satisfaction to all present. Mr. Ilelshaw, the general super intendent of the Exhibition, Mr. Naiimith, C.E., Mr. Thom son, awl Mr. Biddle, of the machinery department, were present, for the purpose of watching the progress of the experiment. In all probability machines for reaping will shortly ionic into very general use in this country, as the practicability 01 applying machinery to such a purpose is now put beyond all doubt. In addition to the corn reaping machines shown in the United States department, Mr. Garrett has a corn reaping machine in the Exhibition, to one which has been daily employed during the past week upon a farm near the Lriston Works, Suffolk. It is void to have 'went:mud the work so WrfeCtly—cutting the corn with case sad regularity, and leaving the stubble even and regular, in a way far superior to manual labour—that it was altogether impossible to form an adequate idea of its eapabili ties without seeing it in operation. It has b. en worked on lands ploughed on the flat as well as in stetelics, length ways and across the furrows, and in every ,use the result has been ritually satisfisctory. The machine will continue at work during a portion of every ilay on the farm of Messrs. Garrett and Sun, near the works ut Leiston, cutting the dif ferent ere" until Monday, the 25th inst., where it may be . . . . by Playfair and Damien have studied the gaseous products of the English furnaces, and several other chemists those of the continental ones. The result has been that the fur naces have been so constructed as to allow this gas to be collected and applied either to heating the boilers of the blowing machine steam-engine, roasting the ore, or in the puddling furnace fur converting the raw cast metal into malleable iron. The Ebbw Vale Company have sent a model which illus trates the const.mction of the furnaces used in their works and the arrangement of the blowing machines, steam engine, and apparatus fur carrying MI the furnace gases into reverberatory focuses fur combustion. The conver sion of the raw metal into malleable bar iron consists in an abstraction of the carbon and silicon of the former. The process by which this is effected depend: upon the fact that these two subminces are more combustible than iron. _ . justice. Art is, like Nature, far from showing herself exclusive. She loves to scatter her gifts among the children of great national families. We rejoice in this diversity, which per mits us to honour on different grounds, genius, taste, imagi nation, reason, iu nations whose brilliant variety constitutes the riches and splendour of the human race. Fr-nehmen ourselves, and proud of the title, we are not of those cosmopolites wh., suppress the sentiment of country to substitute for it nebulous abstractions and adore a labia yarn. We are not of those who dream of a future in which all the sacred types which characterise races i.n.l nationalities arc to disappear. Grandeur and beauty would vanish from the earth ifut a magic stroke all its mountains were brought low and its valleys exalted ; while its animals, plants, and men, all become of one colour and stature, would sink to a miserable state of existence under the law of uniformity. But each nation, without affecting its character, may add to it well-being, its riches, its power, by judiciously bor rowing from the discoveries and the improvements of other nations, and such in reality is the nature of the service which the Universal Exhibition has been preparing us to render one another. Here earls people sees its products side by side with those of all others, and often sees them surpassed. Pride, which grows while favoured by isolation, is ha re abased, and reason profits by the opportunity. Each nation, instead of dreataiii; of self-sutteiency and inborn superiority, tool to improve in the future. Thus we shall see new efforts attempted in every country to ameliorate the productions of the human race. Behold, then, the wide-spread and immense benefits which will have taken their rise front the first idea of your Royal Highness, benefits for which we again express our lively gratitude. Let mac be permitted to add to this letter one word of personal acknowledgment. The indulgent benevolence with which you have honoured the President of the French Commission, has borne its fruits; that alone can explain the too flattering distinctions which he has received, and which far transcend his feeble merit. I have the honour, &c., CHARLES' DUNN, President of the French Commission. On the continent an open charcoal tire k employed ; the pigs of iron are laid upon the top and subjected to the action of a blast of bat air, a part of the metal is oxidized during the fusion, and by the reaction of that upon the reutaining metal the carbon of the whole is removed Repeated attempts have been made to use coke instead of charcoal iu this process. but never with satisfactory re,ults. In Ragland the puddling process is substituted fur this one, in COnhelltlCllCe of the scarcity of wood. Mr. Curb was the first to attempt the conversion of cast into malleable iron. At first he employed only a re verberatory furnace; but this consumed a large quantity of fuel, and the results were irregular and uncertain. This inconvenience he afterwards removed, by adopting a re fining process with coke previously to the puddling. The metal is fused in contact with coke in a rettangular crucible, which is cooled externally by a current of water, and a blast is kept up front tuyeres at the side. During the operation a 'gag is formed by the oxidized iron and the ashes of the coke, which exercise a decarbonizing action upon the melted east iron beneath it. When the whole of the metal is melted the blast is urged on the surface until the workman sees that the relining has gone far enough. The metal is then run into rakes, and rapidly tooled by water; it is then white and brittle, and its cum . position has suffered considerable change. The greater part of the carbon, and nearly the whole of the silicon hare been removed. CONTENTS OF TIIE GLASS PALACE NIETALLURGY.—IRON. 'fha ores of iron arc few in number, and consist for the most part of combinations of the metal with oxygen. The magnetic oxide, found abundantly in the older gvulo gica formations—in Sweden, Russia, parts of Uermany, and India—is ono of the most valuable, yielding metal of remarkably good quality : the specular ore, a remarkable deposit of which occurs in the Island of Elba, and has been worked for upwards of two thousand years: the red and brown limmatiles, which were formerly the only ores worked The puddling is conducted in furnaces where only the flame is allowed to come into contact with the metal, which s mixed with ferruginous slag, or iron scales, and expored to an exceedingly- high temperature, while it is continually stirred about with a lung rake, until it begins to assume a pulverulent aviet. It is then gathered together in balls, and beaten out into bats under a hammer of great weight. Several modifications of the apparatus for working the paddled iron have been invented—rollers, presses, &c. The in England the compact carbonate, or spathose ore, of which there is an immense mass called the steel mountain in Westphalia. These ores, and some few modifications of them, take the first rank at far as regards their richness, and the quality of the metal they yield. These are not, however, the only circumstances which determine the value of iron ores: the facilities for obtaining suitable fuel and other materials fur smelting arc of far greater importance, consequently the clay iron stone of the coal formations is now the naurce from which the greater s- - - most recent and effectual is the steam hammer of Mr. Nasiuytli, which is exhibited at the north side of the build ing among the machinery. During the process of puddling the iron is rendered almost pure ; to convert it into steel carbon is again introduced into it. This is done by what is termed cementation: the bars of iron an, covered with charcoal and exposed to a strong heat, they arc after wards bound into bundles, and hainniered and twisted until their texture is uniform. The steel so made is called shear steel. On the Continent steel is made directly from oast iron. . inspected than. MUsTeAL INsTRIMF.NI - I.—A very interesting ad dition has, within the last few days, been made to the collection of musical instruments in the gallery, by Mr. Hack, of Hart-,treet. It consists of a semi-toned folding harmonieon, of which he is the patentee and m inuLteturrr. The instrument is formed of two parts or lengths joined together by hinges, to admit of their fold ing together into a desk.shaped and ornamental levee of drawing-room furniture. The front or lower half of the in strument is provided with nu Wended range of the diatonic scale, tuned to equal temperament; while the back or upper any agriculturist desirous of st...eing it in ol;'vra- part of the iron of Europe, and nearly all that of England is obtained, although it never contains more than one-half as much metal as those mentioned above, and sometimes even much less. This ore is essentially carbonate of iron, mixed with a greater or less quantity of clay. It is found in beds or layers of nodules, alternating with strata of limestone and coal in England, especially in South Wales, StafLodshire, Shropshire, and Scotland, which arc the principal seats of the iron manufacture. Mr. Blackwell, of Dudley, exhibits a large and very interesting collection of the several va rieties of this ore, as well as the others which arc found in Tho greatest improvement in steel-making WU intro ducc.cl by Huntsman, of Sheffield, in 1710. ILe suce..tded in fusing steel, and found that by this method a much more uniform texture could be obtained. 'The Indian steel, or wootx, is also obtained by fusion, which appears to have been employed by theist at a very remote period. 'This steel possesses peculiar characters, and exceedingly good quality, which Faraday attributes to the aluminum which it contains. Specimens of it are to be found among the East Indian collection. part contains the range of semitones. The great improve ment in this instrument consists in its admitting of the range of semitones being formed into perfect scales by the inser tion in the vacancies of the B's and E's, in unison with those in the diatonic range, in the same manner as the divisions in the unequal distribution of the black keys on the piano may he tilled. Theeffect of this improvement is to prevent that frequent emssing of the hammer by the performer when playing upon hannimicons constructed in the usual manner. There is a remarkable softiiess aid sweetness in the tont , s of this instrument; and one or two airs, most delightfully performed upon it by a young lady, afforded considerable pleasure to those who were fortunate enough to Le present during the p. rformance. Mr. Hack also ex hibits some improved flute flageolets, in which, by a peculiar LEISTLERS' AUSTRIAN FURNITURE. THE DINING KOOK. England. These specimens cover a large table set apart to them among the minerals. The researches of Mr. Mushet, in 1;401, contributed great:y to make known the value of this ore and the method of working it, particularly that variety called black band iron stone, which occurs in the Glasgow coal basin. The greatest prejudice was excited against him at the time fur attempting to use what were called wild coals fur making iron. of iron from its ores is effected by expo . Probably . in the whole range of the articles dis played at the Exhibition there are none which have attracted a larger amount of attention, and been the sub ject of more admiration, than the splendid suite of rooms fitted up by Messrs. Leistler and Son, of Vienna. We base upon more than one occasion drawn attention to the furni ture, as offering excellent specimens of workmanship, and as reflecting the highest credit upon the enterprising exhi bitors. We purpose to give detailed accounts of the articles displayed in each of the rooms, and to commence to-day with r ' • • '- its of the dining-room. lie formation of the head, and the application of a liey,lhe per former is enabled. without taking thy instrument to pieces, to clear it instantly of the condensed breath, which always accumulates so rapidly in this class of wind instruments. VENF:TIAN BLlNlJi.—There ate several modifica tions of, and improvements in, the form of Vinetian,blinds, to combine with the effective exclusion of the heating riya of the sun, less darkness than the common I'enutian sun blind inconveniently occasions. Tim adoption of perforated metal laths instead of the wooden outs, is a very simple con dm The extraction u sing them in contact with sonic deoxidizing a4ent, to the action of an intense heat. Wood charcoal is 1n..1 adapted to this purpose, it is generally employed on the continent, and up to the middle of the last century was the only mate with ti description of the content_ fore doing so, however, we wish to remove nu impression which appears to be very generally entertained, that the whole of them havo been sold to a noble lord justly distin guished for hi; patronage of the fine arts. Up to the pre sent time, although several distinguished personages hay. trivance, and well calculated to pieduce ti.„ retort, effects. The sun's rays are so much dispersed by diffraction in pa..4aq through the small upertmres, as to he deprived of the dazzling glare, and a general diffusion of light through the apartment is obtained, -aricient fur the purposes of reading and narking. Blinds of this kind are exhibited by rill used in England, but its scarcity and the increasing de- VT: i oce sinc;immunilation with Messrs . . Leisder on the'subject, -.,-- ---.-- - -_-..;.--‘, in aid for iron led to the use of coke as a substitute. Since none of the articles have been disposed of. . tr. crummy, er natton-garden mid by Mr. Geary, of Euston - place. An important advantage of metal laths con that time very great improvements have been made in every The dining-saloon contains a large tattle of locust wood, sista in their occupying loss space when drawn up, and they branch of the iron manufacture in England, and the methods 26 feet in length, of an oval form at the two ends. By a yeti are less liable to he broken. In the blinds invented by Mr. ingenious and simple arrangement of wooden machinery, it quincey, the perforated laths are convex , in which form adopted have been imitated in every part of the continent can be drawn out to double its original length, and Whelk where circumstances will admit of it. thus drawn out, forty persons way be comfortably stated there is a more effectual exclusion of the light be t ween the separate overlying pieces, and the rays of the sun strike The furnaces employed for smelting are generally from around it. The table is supported at each end by four legs, against them boss directly, consequently fewer are admitted which are united at the base by Meall, of splendid carvings, 48 to 60 feet in height, built in the form of a cone of bricks, I th e neon. and which present to the view one entire and solid piece of into made of very difficultly fusible clay. The interior has the workmanship. The table being of an oval form at the. ends, SELF-SUPPLYING COAL .\ 3F —The same exiiibi shape of two truncated cones placed base to base, the lower the distances of the legs from each other vary—that is . tour, for contributes an ornamental curd vase, so contrived by an one being much shorter titan the upper, and somewhat art- the outer legs are nearer to each other than those at the internal division that the coals fall into the hand-scoop, centre. The result is a curious complication of three dif- which is inserted at the bottom, witlymt any trouble or lia 'enabling a funnel. A few feet under this are the holes inWay to drop over. The vase is made so ornamental that it (treat distances—the distance of the two centre lees being the side walls for the to errs through which themay Ire placed in the room near the tire-place, and there cn•ater than that of the two outer ones, and the distance -- blast is sent. The blowing machine consisted for - between a centre leg and an outer cfn being t alsoililfer. are arrangements to enclose the hand-scoop entirely when mcrly of large bellows, but they have been re- eat from the two others. 'These four legs are richly the vase is not in use. placed by double valved close cylinders, in which carved, and join in their centre in a kind of pillar, which TEA ll;EN AND TEAPOT COMBINEIL—A patent tea a icon is worked by steam power. A much n ta ia i t n o t na macs the table i nio h re t trm, i b i tit also serves to eon- urn, invented by Mr. Loysdell, combines the uses of a hot more powerful and regular blast is maintained by The brim , m whrh er is about nine e in til ehe r s ianairleb{:tldi,raiswnri.eTlts t w i • i t t er t Lohl t e e r „ tu ta i a d k a ct tripot, the latter o bei ng i placed inside, so these. A model of the large blast furnaces of Wales is carved and embellished ; its parts arc united with an orna ) - . water or tea. The teapot y r o a ce w upie nt s the t.te saint' tap either central part of rho exhibited by Mr. Natney. It produces 105 tons of cast Went, from which the legs appear growing out, and then, urn, and an indicating rod attached to a float rises through iron weekly. forming a kind of sustainer, they are drawn together at th e the t o p to show how much water there is on the tea base in a design of fruit and foliage of truly perfect execution, leaves. There are two openings at the top of the urn — The only preparation which the ore requires ill roasting, It is difh l give precise • of en tto a ides of this remarkable piece one of them being tor the supply of hot water, the other after which it is found to be more easily reducible, and toworkmanship to our readers ; it must be seen and care- for the admission of tea into the teapot. A stop cock, in yield a better iron. It is then mixed with a suitable fully examined in order to be fully appreciated. connection with a syphon inside, reg ulates the supply quantity of limestone, the furnace is fi lled with coke, and In this saloon the sideboird also attracts considerable of water from the urn into the teapot, rho quantity the combustion aceeleratiul by the blast until a sufficient s n u otice o . un l t tr b sists of t a La r blzi d eLelline of feetd a half long, being indie.ated by the elevation of the graduated rod in the space is left, by the sinking of the fuel, for threw ing iu the &e r . m. f his tabb y , i a s - 9 s U e Stailleri h • an t :ll7lbl t• secplate, u _‘ ‘ ',te t e j t n eulas, centre. A tube from the urn and one from the tea pot aro ore ; this is dons at the top ot the furnace, and ate each oaosigiog of fostoom of oijf : iont kind .. of fro l t. q dra toi - . 1 ~..lue..eicil with a tau-way stop-omai, whieli, when turned to- m one direction s open, communication with the water, and charge man coke is thrown in so as token altaimatelayem 'ether in the antra The ornamental carvings, se well when tynuA • the oppos ite way draw, off the IM, which is up to