The Express. — London, England, 1847-10-22 00:00:00

Alt epismig. The overland eloped mills, Ms Marseilles, to ale Mediterranean, r e z, Alen, bulls, Hang Kos& km, will be made up on the g of the 13th October. The mails for Vigo, Oporto, Lisbon, Madeira, Quils, and Gibraltar Will be made up on the morning of the 2/th Oceotre. The math foe New South Wales, Ten Diemen's Land, and New Zestrad will be made up on the evening of the 14 November. The Writ India malls, including those for Mexico, Her.durak end the Havarnsh, will be made up on the morningol the Snit November. The overland nulls for Gibraltar, Malta, °mem, the lonian Islands, Egypt, Aden, Ceylon, India, Hong-Kong, sad China, Ms SounnunPtml, will be male up on the morning of the 3M November. Tho mails for British North America. Bermuda, and tk• United States, will be made up on the evening of the Jed November. The mails for the Brand,. the Him Platt, Moot. Video, Pernam buco, tolna, Hodetra, and Buenos Ayres, will be made up on the tvcolog of the 4th November. TO CO RRRRR le DINT& •.• leintiee-se•te Wended /m TMS.T.N.. Leah.wean popsy neve be uOy Oabe.lo. &wed. meet. by Tyre Vele*. Ito etrablieelece. 81011 were' aT CONTIOM-111111/02. Lr. , !! Pal-0 10 mgma aim Ma 0 : Altaomm.:o /Ma. mat 0. 01.010000*—Nam100.03 m 10.0.1 0: Aftmammo. It .10. put 1. LONDON, FRIDAY, OCT. 22. IT is pleasure and interest to see Mr. Mott/. come forward and deal the Times such a knock-down blow as he did yesterday morning. Hitherto the quarrel between currency and credit has been a skir mish fought at a distance, each shot striking the air rather than killing an antagonist. Whilst the Times abused railways, and the anti-currency men abused PEEL, of swindling away our money, there was no chance of chami-,',,, n3 ith a having a tri.-,i, of strength. At last, how ever, the Times came forward to brace its op ponents. It told the Birmingham people that if they exculpated railways, and accused PEEL'S bills, of being the causes of the enlisting distress, it was that they were interested in railways, furnishing them, living by them, and that they were high priests of the monster idol, feeding on its sacrifices. We pointed out on Wednesday morning the utter falsehood of the charge. Mr. MUNTZ has come forward, and almost in our very words disproves and contradicts it. Birmingham has as much to do with rails, as with the herring fishery—nay, the manu facturers lose by railway competition, which has elevated the scale of wages. The Times admits the force of the blow, acknowledges its utter error, and then seeks to wriggle out of its defeat by hinting, that although the Birmingham employers may suffer by railways, rather than profit by them, still the arti sans have an interest in the competition for work being kept up ; and that, consequently, the employers, to flatter the workmen who are electors, take the part of the railways though against their own interests, applaud and exculpate them. Such a roundabout way of seeking influences, such a cir cuitous search after motives, would probably have occurred to no one save the Times. Its over-subtlety refutes and exposes itself too completely to need further exposure. After all, why does Birmingham complain more than other wealthy localities of the wrong inflicted by the series of currency measures ? Simply because Birmingham is, of all our cities, most interested in the home trade. The materials of her manufacture she draws from the bowels of the earth beneath, and, when completed, the few millions worth she sends abroad are nothing compared to the mass of articles of daily and domestic use required at home. Birming ham does not look to cotton crops in foreign markets, and cannot comprehend being sacrificed to foreign exchanges. Perhaps there is no piker way of putting the great question which divides and perplexes politicians and men of business than by stating the difference to be, whether the foreign trade shall be sacrificed to the home trade, or the home trade to the foreign; or whether some rational compromise might not be attempted and effected between two great interests. . . ..... _ It is manifest that the currency champions have all along had their views directed towards our foreign trade, which they confider all in all, and their prin ciple is that no currency shall be allowed within a' country, that is not at the same time the currency of the world at large. For this they are certainly able to adduce a mass of very powerful reasons, and they are able to show a multitude of the very greatest inconveniences, inevitably flowing from a currency exclusively fitted to the domestic interchange of the country. These inconveniences are so great that they have bad every reason to seek to obviate them by legisla tion. Every facility, support, and approbation should be afforded for the attainment of that aim, provided the measures proposed did not necessitate the sacri fice of still greater interests. One has, however, but to look into any of the pamphlets of Mr. TORRENS, in order to ace, most fully admitted and demanded, the necessity of sacrificing every branch of the home trade to the forcing back of gold from foreign coun tries in order to keep up a currency, at par with that of other countries, for the solo convenience of the foreign trade. No matter under what circumstances, or for what reasons, this currency is drained from the country ; whether it be from the overtrading of the merchants, or the failure of the agricultural crops, or from the discovery of a new commodity for which a sadden demand has arisen—in all cases there is but one re medy proposed, viz., the putting a forcing screw upon the produce and manufacture of the country, and reducing them to a price so low, no matter whether it be remunerative or not, as to tempt the foreign merchant to take the depreciated produce, and give us back gold. This puts one in mind of those scientific weighing machines for bulky commodities, in which tons of an immense load without are measured and balanced by a few ounces of metal within. In the same man ner, not only the whole internal trade, but the whole internal wealth and produce of the country are sent up and down in the balance artificially by some ounces of what is needlessly and perniciously made the exclusive and indispensable standard of value. This extreme and heartless pertinacity of a certain class of theorists has very naturally begotten the other extreme of theory, which says, in answer to the demand, that all the produce and commodities should be lowered in order to bring back gold : if all pro duce and commodities are to be lowered, let the cur rency which measures them, and acts as the medium of domestic interchange between these commodities, be lowered too. Let us have two currencies, one for home p one for foreign interchange. And let the latter be the affair of the merchant who trades with the foreigner. If he want gold, let him get it. But let us not, as producers, who can find a sufficient market at home, be sacrificed at every crisis, brought on by the elements, or by man's folly, to his wants and caprioes. We do think that it is the duty of legislators to tend towards a compromise between these antagonistic parties. Sir ROBERT PEEL, drageng parliament after him, has done everything that the foreign trader required. He has gone the whole length of sacrificing the home trade, and as it has proved, without serving or benefiting in any proportion those interests with which he sided. The immense, the universal, the vital interests of the country, are those found to suffer distress, depreciation, and bankruptcy. His theory has been fully tried, and it is quite evident that, however it may work well when the country and its trade are in a normal state, it only aggravates the sufferings of a crisis, and deprives the country of its natural freedom and power for repair ing any sudden difficulty or lees, occasioned by seasons, or other supreme and irremediable causes. It would be quite as dangerous to go to another extreme, and indulge the opponents of the prevailing theory by erubetituting an inconvertible paper cur rency for a convertible one. But that the law of 1844 can be persevered in, gold maintained at a fixed rate, and the price of all produce and commodities wade to fluctuate up and down, for the sake of letting bullion out and fetching it back into the country— whoever hopes for that, is as mad as Mr. TORRENS of " immaculate conception," who stigmatises as " misconception " every view and every idea not as narrow as Die own. What is wanting, what is imperatively called for, is some measure of immediate relief to counteract the suicidal effects of the bill of 1844, and to enable the country to get over the temporary difficulties and nullification of property, occasioned by extraordinary causes. Ministers are said to be divided as to the necessity of interfe= But surely the failure of the Newcastle suffice to stop Sir C. is poor, will not do, with his drawers t he is a beggar indigence is only improvidence of the poverty of the nation, as the suspension of all exchangeable value is construed, is a phenomenon of the same kind. Government and parliament are bound to break the spell which they have cast upon a country intrinsi cally wealthy and energetic as England. In addition to the temporary measure of relief, must be a permanent one, in the nature of a compro mise between the great interests of the country. A parliamentary committee should take this mat ter in hand. Legislators may depend upon it that it will not do to go on simply deriding the Birming ham school, without attempting to remove the hard ship and absurdities of which Birmingham complains. We do not say that Birmingham points out the fea sible way to do this. But we cannot help thinking, that if currency doctors persist in their extreme, the paper extreme will one day crush them, and in stal itself in their place. THE news from India is, that the influences which govern at lAhore have found it necessary to remove the young Maharajah's mother from the palace, and send her into confinement at some distance. Her corrupt life and habits, which, by example and pre cept, she sought to inculcate in her young son, and her bursts of feminine vengeance, threatening to the life and insulting to the dignity of the statesmen of the empire, amongst others, of Tar SING, the prime minister, aro the causes assigned for this step. However remote the Punjaub from the Peninsula, the obstacle in the way of good government has been found to be the same in both, viz., the influence of a laorher. The Banco of Spain, kaig given to obscure connexions and amours, could not be near her child without making the sovereign power sub servient to her own narrow and selfish purposes of avarice, of vengeance, or of licentiousness. Yet in Madrid things were not bettered by the exile of the queen-mother, who, on departing, left her ex ample behind her—an example that ISABELLA was too naturally induced to follow. France and England, when they recognised the sovereignty of the child Issiin.L.4, virtually under took the task of her moral and political education. We regret to say, that both those powerful tutors have executed their task badly, owing, no doubt, to their conflicting and varying influence. One year the young Queen was reared in the midst of the little MCNOZES and the camarilla of her mother; the next she was handed over to ARGUELLES and Madame MINA. LOUIS-PHILIPPE furnished a /risen," and French waiting-maids ; the English party in Madrid employed a philosopher. Madame MINA and ARGUELLES laughed at the priests. CHRISTINA, until Very lately, was the contrary of devout, so that the secular education of the young Queen may be consi dered, however dissatisfactory,to have been at least su perior to her religions instruction. The young Queen has, however, much natural talent, strong will and impulse, covered by the dissimulation for which her father was so famous. She has a strong sense of the comic, and ispronc to enjoy prodigiously, and to laugh outright at, the crowd of low, ignorant, and greedy men, whom, though but the mere scum of party, she is obliged to accept as ministers and officers of state. Were Lorrs Pnrciere a Mephistophiles, endowed with power to destroy the innocence, the candour, and happiness of the young Queen, he could scarcely have taken other steps than he has done, or given other advice. He has made her life almost inevitably a licentious one, and his effort now is to cover it with a cloak of decorum. Let - us, however, not interfere with premature censure. The first acts of French policy towards ISABELLA have certainly prepared us to look forward to fearful tra gedy and ruin. Whether the present reconciliation will lead to this, or else to a melodrama with a deco roue reconciliation finale, remains, but will not long remain, doubtful. The tutorship of the Prince of Indus is not so difficult a matter, being altogether in our kande. Unfortunately it is not a genuine independent prince that we have to rear, but the image and shadow of one. To teach him spirit and greatness, in order to feel more deeply by-and-by that his empire has passed away, would be cruel. All we can do is to instil common sense, teach prudent conduct and decorum. But, were it possible, we should like to see an Asiatic sovereign reared with all the lights and advantages of a European education. Hitherto, eastern despots, whenever so enlightened, have merely borrowed or imitated the skill and power which free nations have employed for military purposes. PETER the GREAT studied shipbuilding at Amsterdam, to make himself a formidable fleet. RUNJEET SINGH enlisted French officers to organise for him a formidable artil lery. All that Turkey or MEnEMET ALI have as vet borrowed from us are the arts of drilling and killing by rule. Whether we can inoculate a DHULEEP or a Goor.An with anything more, is very doubt faL We have, indeed, had Indian princes much attached to us, and to our policy, as well as imbued with our ideas. Bat somehow or another, the more they came to fraternise with as, the less in fluence they had over their own native subjects and what was chiefly aimed at as a source of mutual strength, turned oat but an element of mutual weak ness. We build little, therefore, upon the future Maharajahs of the Indus, and fear that, in despite of every wish to be tolerant and self-denying, a British resident or colonel will be found the only permanent authority upon the Indus, as upon the Ganges. WHOEVER may have acquired, either proftwsionally or by reason of personal interest, any knowledge of the evils of copyhold tenures, will not be surprised to learn that a " Copyhold Enfranchisement Society" has lately been formed, at Willenhall, near Wolver hampton. The report of the proceedings of the meet ' ing at which that society was formed, appeared in our columns, and will be read with interest, not only by copyholders, but by that numerous and increasing class of persons who believe that the time is come for emancipating land from the remnants of feuda lism. copyhold tenure has long been a standing op probrium. It was originally a " villein tenure,' that is, the bare right to hold the surface of the soil at the will of the lord of the manor ; the bolder was a serf, who might be at any moment ejected on the mere mo tion of the lord, and, consequently, might be subjected to any exaction which the lord in his caprice might think fit to impose. This tenure, in its original state, still exists in Hungary and some other countries of eastern Europe. The tenants, as well as the land, are the absolute property of the lord, and, therefore, however he may, in the exercise of his will, think fit to deal with them, or their possessions, he is legally justified. In this country the villein tenants gradually acquired the right to hold their lands subject to the " will of the lord," that will, however, having become regulated and controlled by the " custom of the manor." So certain is it that no cultiva tion can go on unless the cultivators have some degree of security of possession, that even the very serfs were everywhere secured by a custom. But these customs varied in the most arbitrary man ner. Ever7where the villein tenant had no legal title but his admission as tenant by the lord or his steward in the Lord's Court, and his evidence of title was the "copy of the court-roll," wherein the admis sion had been recorded. His heir was usually, and, as custom became strong, by custom admitted. He could make no lease of hie land, beyond one year, without the lord's special license, unless a custom authorising longer leases existed ; he could dig no minerals ; he might plant, but he could eat down no trees ; and whenever he improved the property, he did so as much for the lord as for himself. Each copyhold tenant paid a fine cn his admission. In a few manors the amount of this fine was limited and defined by custom, but in most the fine has always continued to be " arbitrary." Sometimes the lord has a right, by the custom of the manor, to seize, upon the death of the copyhold tenant, the best beast or best chattel which may be found at the time upon the copyhold property. To illustrate the modern operation of such a custom, the case of the late Sir CHARLES Bt SIBERT maybe men tioned. Sir CnkriLes was the owner of a copyhold property, upon which, at the time of his death, the celebrated race-horse Smolensko was kept, and this horse, then worth several thousand pounds, was claimed by the lord of the manor for a heriot, as the beat beast of the copyholder. Let our breeders of high-priced horses and prize cattle beware how they keep their stock upon lands of villein tenure. The broad mark of serfdom still remains uneffaced on such pro perty. Until the year 1815 copyhold property would not pass by will unless the owner had previously sur rendered it to the uses of his will in tke lord's court, and at this day the copyholder cannot grant a lease, in the absence of a custom of leasing, without the lord's license. The real property commissioners long ago recommended that copyholders should have power to grant leases at rack-rents for twenty-one , years, without the license of the lord; but that re commendation has not yet been adopted. It is true, we haves copyhold commission to assist in the execu tion of certain acts of the present reign for commut ing manorial rights, and for heilitating the enfran chisement of oopyholds ; but as all proceedings under these acts must be the result of voluntary agreement between lords of manors and copyholders, it the has been done, nor is much likely to be done, under them for the correction of the crying abua of copyhold tenures. . What la wanted is an enactment that all copyhold tenures shall be at once converted into freeholds, the owners paying an equitable compensation to the lords for their manorial rights. This the landowners have hitherto strenuously resisted, and public opinion has not been suMeiently expressed upon the subject to enable any minister to force it upon them. The fact is that all the disadvantages of this tenure are on the side of the copyholders ; and especially in districts where improvements are going on ; or where the value of the property consists in its minerals. Hence the origin of the movement in the Wolverhampton dis trict, where the manorial rights of the lord appear to have been made to operate with singular oppressive ness. The chairman of the meeting at Willenhall, Mr. HARTILL, stated that he had paid a fine of 391. on admission to copyhold property which had actually deteriorated since his father's admission, when the fine was only 251. The fines on mining property had been even more enhanced ; " some time ago the fine was five guineas an acre, then it was gradually in creased to eighteen, and now the lord demanded fifty guineas an acre." So a copyhold house was bought forty years ago for 1801., and the fines and fees on admission amounted to 171. 15s. ; some additions were made by building, and in 1816 the whole was sold for 3201. On that occasion the fine and court fees amounted to 1141.! During the interval the property had been four times surrendered by way of mortgage ; and on th' •z„. x . a . sions sums of 211. 45., 221. Its., 23/. 10s., and 251. 198. had been paid for fines and court fees. Thus, the copyholder had paid to the lord and his steward no less than 221/. 195., on property of the original value of 180/., and which sold, after 400/. had been expended in its improvements, for 3201. Who shall pretend then to estimate the value of copyhold property? It may turn out to be valuable or valueless just as the conscience of the lord or the steward is hard or other wise. Mr. BOLTON, a solicitor, mentioned a curious instance of the way in which, while lords of manors stand upon the custom of the manor when profitable to themselves, they do not omit to avail themselves of advantages our piece-meal modern legislation may throw intheir way. By the late Wills Act of 1838 it is enacted, that where land is given by will to the heir of the testator, the land shall pass by the will and not descend by heirship. Before that act the will would have been deemed inoperative as to the gift of land,and the heir would have taken by what the feudal law called his superior title of heir. This was found to be produc tive of much practical inconvenience, and was pro perly altered. But the effect of the act upon certain copyhold property was this : the heir, though also de visee of the copyhold property, was admissible as tenant in the character of heir, without fine; butwhen the Wills Act declared that he must take under the will and not as heir, the lord claimed a fine IS if the devise had been made to a stranger. This shows that even improvements in the general law of real property, being partial, may operate injuriously upon such anomalous tenures as those of copyholders. There could be no difficulty in ascertaining the fair measure of compensation to which lords are entitled for enfranchisement, a"d which copyholders would most readily accord ; but that antiquated claims of right, so capricious, uncertain, and unequal in their operation as those designated manorial customs,should be permitted to stand much longer in the way of improvement, the most ardent admirers of obsolete feudalism can scarcely expect. Newcastle Union Bank ought to unlike to WOOD'B throat. To say the nation is poor, I any more than it will do to tell a man, with I fall of stock and Exchequer Bine, that he i and must go to the workhouse. His indigez owing to the incapacity and improvidem government and the legislature. The p • 411111‘ THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 22, 1847. INDIA AND CHINA. We were enabled to publish yesterday a summary of the intelligence brought by this mail. We now give the intelligence in a more extended form. The following letter of our Bombay correspondent gives a complete account of affairs in that capital, and on the provinces of India generally BOMBAY, SEPT. 11. The bi-monthly mail that should start on the 15th leaves this day by the colonial government steamer Seafortb, which conveys it to Point de Galls, there to meet the Cal cutta steamer of the Bth. We have now in our roadstead the Queen, Mooruffer, and Semiramis ; but Sir It. Oliver said he had not a vessel for the trip. The patket of the 15th is despatched four days before its time, because the Indian navy cannot supply a steamer to convey it to Aden, three vessels lying the while idle in the harkour. The last eleven days have been almost barren of intelbgence of in terest. Rumours of the assemblage of an army of demon stration being about to take place in the cold season at Cawnpore are gaining ground, the state of affairs at Rat -1 mandoo being pointed to as the prime cause of the measure, a distant hint being at the same time thrown out that the force may likely find employment in Oude, the King of Lucknow being represented as willing to resign the country to our care on receipt of a suitable pension from the Indian I government. : The report is scarcely probable, yet the Lucknow ruler mast be well aware of his inability to govern the kingdom of Oude to our satisfaction. He is • debauched character, and, should be in reality resign the cares of state, it is probable they may be entrusted to his brother, a man in every respect the reverse of the present king. Lord Hardinge is said to be about visiting Oude in November, on his way to the seat of his government, which will account for the rumoured army of demonstration. The affair be twixt the ex-Mahsrajah of Nepaul and the army sent against him from Katmandoo, would appear to have been greatly exaggerated, as the first reports of anything of the kind al most invariably are in India. He had not more than 300 tag-rag and bob-tail followers with him (and these without ammunition, and but partly armed), instead of 3,000 as at first reported. Scarcely any slaughter occurred on the occa sion of the capture of the ex king, and the rajah mentioned as having been slain in the fight is still alive and kicking. It is even mentioned that in a short time the ex-ruler will be again seated on his throne, with his dutiful son, the present usurper, on his left hand. The means by which this wonderful change is to be brought about are not mentioned ; it is to be hoped our government do not intend meddling in the affairs of Nepaul on any con sideration, though the assemblage of a force on the frontier seems ominous. The ex-King was stated to be very comfortably situated at a place named Bhutgown, six miles from the capital, though whether as a prisoner or otherwise is not mentioned. In mylast I mentioned the capture of the brother of Doonghur Singh ands few of his followers : they were overtaken by Lieut. Showers and a party of irregulars, in a desert, and, Ace • few shots had been exchanged and • few of them wour.ded, the chief of the party surrendered. Doonghur himself is still at large--a terror to the inhabitants, though of late he has not bean heard of. An alarm was lately spread at Deesa that be was about making an attack on that place. The re gular troops sent out in pursuit of him from Delhi &c., have been recalled, it being thought that the quotas of irregulars furnished by the native states will soon succeed in his capture —the more especially as a large price hue been set on his head. The Bombay Telegraph and Courier has during the fort night published some very good correspondence from the Norm's dominion, which sets forth in a clear light the state of affairs at the capital. Notwithstanding the moat positive orders of the governor-general to the contrary, Mr. Dighton still continues to hold frequent consultations with the prime minister on date affairs—the pretence being that he is settling his money matters with the state, on which he has claims to a large amount. The Arab mercenaries were as turbulent as ever : a large body of them was to be expelled the country—when there should lee sufficient cash in the treasury to liquidate their claims on the government. Of course these men could not subsist themselves, except by plundering the cultivators around them, and constant complaints were being made of their rapacity. The arrears of the line-wallahs have not yet been paid up, and one corps having demanded their pay in a haughty manner from the Nicam in person, his highness ordered them to be instantly disbanded. Scenes of murder and vio lence in the capital, under the very noes of the government, were of almost daily occurrence ; and according to the oor mpondeat of the paper above mentioned, never wu the state of the Nizam's dominions in a more deplorable condition than at present. The existence of such a state of matters in a country within our dominions, and at whose court we have a resident, is a disgrace to the Indian government. The mission to Chinese Tartary started from Simlah on the 10th August, provisioned for two years. Lord Harding. was to leave In the end of October for Lueknow, the capital of Oudh, there to " hold a grand durbar, and do a little business." He would probably be in Calcutta early in Dec. Lord Gough was to leave about the same time, on his annual tour of inspection of the frontier cations. It was rumoured that the Hon. Mr. Thomason, lieutenant. governor of the north-west provinces, would shortly proceed borne, sad be succeeded by Sir Frederick Como. Dr. O'Shaughnessy'a galvano-explosive operations on the hull of the Warner, Sir H. Maddock, sunk in the llooghley, have been eminently successful, and it was expected that the en gines of the vessel would be recovered. The brig Queen was wrecked on the Auckland Ridge, in the river, on the 28th of August. Mr. John Pitt, senior partner in the house of Cook and Co., died on the 28th of August : he was much esteemed by the mercantile community of Calcutta. Oen. Barr reached Bombay on the 4th, and is to have command of the northern division of the army, Brigadier Hughes being transferred to the southern division, in the place of General Morse, who proceeds to England. Sir R. Oliver's conduct towards the officers of the Indian navy is still commented on with severity. Another acting. master of the Indus flotilla has paid the debt of nature blr. Miller died at Ferozepore early in August. This is the fourth within ea many months. The ineramed burl/en imposed on our chief magistrate since the abolition of the berth of third magistrate has already told on Mr. Gregor Grant, who is about leaving for the Doman on sick certificate. The church in memory of the slain in Affghenistan and Scindis is at last about to be commenced: the foundation stone will probably be laid in the latter end of the present I month, • The rubscription in Bombay for the suffering Irish has reached to 10,2001. The high priest of the leading divi lion of the Puma (Shenslaies), named Eduljee 12;,,„nie. Simians, died on the 318th alt. ale Was a man of rare at tainments, and the best Persian scholar in Bombay. He had written and translated a large number of works, and was at the time of his death engaged in writing a commen tary on the " Vendidad." f formerly mentioned the arrival in Bombay of a number ot' (such as carpenters, blacksmiths, &c.) sent by some princes up the country for instruction at workmen of h sa t ire the Bombay Polytechnic Institute. These men have exhibited the greatest aptness in learning the use of European tools and implements never before seen by them. They are men of far more intelligence and intellect than those of similar vocations in Bombay. The models of windmills constructed by them were presented at the last meeting of the Asi a t ic Society, and were pronounced highly creditable to the makers as well as their tutor. Some of them have been en gaged learning the arts of wood-cutting and lithography, sod have made considemblo progress. - One man has, after an apprenticeship of only a few months, constructed a common clock, the entire machinery of which, mainspring included, was the work of his own hands—his master, he said, had told him to learn to repair clocks and be would make a great man of him, he having several lying by of no use to him, because no one understood how to repair and keep them in order. It is expected that when the institute fairly opens, alter the monsoon, pupils in numbers will flock from all parts of the country for instruction in European handi craft, and the benefits which will thus be conferred upon India at large will be immense. A school of industry, in connexion with the Institute, has been recom mended to the consideration of the humane and charitably, in which might be apprenticed the juvenile d"'...oquenta taken up before the magistrates, who are ';estitute of parents and homes. Here they would be 1, a trade by which to instead of gaining a subsistence by ' Project has been recommended to government, or is about to be so ; and I doubt not will re fraud an and h ceive their most favourable consideration. We have had a considerable fall of rain since my last — nearly 68 inches have fallen in all: The monsoon has been generally favourable throughout the presidency, and scarcely any airlines prevails. The governor and com mander-in chief would leave for Sattarah early next month, returning to the presidency about the end of October, when the gaiety at Poona would in a great measure cease, and the festive season in Bombay commence. Our now nearly de serted island will then become the centre of attraction to the fair and gallant of the land. The trade with the coast has not yet fairly opened, and a moderate business only has been done. The decision of Sir E. Petry on a case in which the Bank of Bombay was defendant, has been appealed against to the Privy Council. The greatest perplexity exists as to whether Sir Charles Napier will or will not accept the appointment said to have been offered him of the Commander-in-Chiefship of India, news of which. was brought by the last mail. A letter from the old general, written somewhere about the '2Bth alt.--of course lone helot() the present mail reached him—states that on no consideration would he remain loneer in India. Mean while his approaching departure from Kurrachee naturally created regret to those who bad served under him. A meet ing was convened to take into consideration the best method of testifying their esteem for their commander. The rules of the service forbade any . direct testimonial, so the indirect method of testimoniabsing Lady Napier was resolved on. The literrachee Advertiser blabbed the secret to the Kum thee world, when the subjoined correspondence took place betwixt the gallant governor and brigadier : Kt:lslamics. At o. 341.—My dear Dundee, —l see in the War rar , , , , .4dreetiser, that a meeting has taken pia, e for the purpose of wving to me. though nominally to Lady Napier, Mlle mark of re,,pcnt and regard, which I assure you is, and necesisii ily must be, most IL tiering llto iny eel!-esteem. Every man to whom so honourable • compliment is offered, must be without the ordinary susceptibilities of human 1111 nature if he does not feel proud of it; and I need not, therefore, say more on that point. But in despite of the pleasure which so high a mark of honour bestowed upon me must excite in my beast, and which would len' me (on seeing what the paper said) to hold my tongue and allow my friends to mimic their kind intentions undia. turbed—in despite of this pleasure, I must beg of you to put a stop to this signal demonstration of the regard which my com panions entertain for me. Already they have done more than enough for me whatever fame I may have gained in India, • I owe to them. I have always taken every opportunity of ex pressing nip gratitude, because to do so Is an unqualified pleasure to me. I hope, therefore, that In begging to decline the great honour Intended, my friends will believe I do so from the conviction that a breach of the spirit of her ?dojedy's regulations on Nit head would be as unbecoming la me to consent to as if the order were infringed in a direct manner—Beliese me to somata, deeply imprisord with feelings of gratitude, yours ainceroly. ;Signed) C. J. Names. Kransover, Aro. 90, 1817.—My dear Sir Cbarien—l will take the earliest opportunity of communicating your sentiments to the officers who comwaed the meeting at which it woe propmwd to present lady Napier with some testimony of their regard, and which might, at the same time, sent as a lasting memorial to her of the very high esteem entertained for you by these °facers who have been, during your ser vice in SCinde, Placed immediately under your command. The admi ration entertained by those °dicers for the distinguished and important • services you have rendered to your sov ereign and your country would have induced them to request of your excellency to do them the honour of a personal •omphume of some testimony of the estimation In which your seniors are held, had not her Majesty's ngulations distinctly forbidden any such proceedings. In requesting lady Napier to do them this favour, It was net considered that any infringement of the regulations would hove been mode; and while the acaptance on her part of a testimonial from the otEcers would have hen most ca ,, t o lf , tag to their feeli rved ngs, It was Iso t ted ro t o h o e .o, 7zion of it would eventful career In which Lady Napier must naturally ' a r te l , deep an interest, and contemplate with such honest pride. Anxious, however, at all times to inert Tsar wishes, I am confident there will be but one • feeling among the officers, however great may be their disappoint ment, on bearing your sentiment's, namely, the strict propriety of acting in rteerviance with your desire on this ' , object, and of regret at being unable to mrry out • project which would otherwise afford them so much plensure.—Belleve me, my dear Sir Charles, yours most sincerely. (Signed) 11. Benson. bans, &a., and an order ham been issued that the force is the country should be relieved every twelve months, to admit of u many cup as possible eoming in for a share of the good things of the remise. The weather was very warm, but no sickness prevailed either amongst the natives or the army. Gen. Littler was to remain till after the feast of the Dusserah had passed by—end of October. We learn from Ceylon that the legislative council was opened on the 13th of September, in the usual form, by the governor, in a speech which, after allud ing to the unusual absence of sickness throughout the island as a matter of thankfulness and congratulation, and noticing the improving aspect of the commercial relations of the colony, proceeds to speak of the more satisfactory position of the planters, and the greater abundance of Malabar labour: The current revenue, of the island would be somewhat more satisfactory than had been expected, and at the same time the colonial expenditure had bees sensibly diminishes' during the put seven month,. The revenues for the year 1847 would be likely to exceed those of its predecessor. 1 he Examiner, in commenting upon this speech, says that it is certain that the cinnamon duty is not yet to be thrown up. Tho government will do all in its power to promote the railway. Nothing of interest had taken place in the subsequent proceedings of the council. Mr. F. L. Dick, police magistrate of Negombo, was killed whilst in search of a notorious burglar, who was I reported te be hiding in his father's house at PaLanchina, five miles from Negombo. The man they were in search of was well known to be a most desperate character, and had often been heard to say he would shoot any one who attempted to capture him. Mr. Dick took a brace of loaded pistol. in his belt, and in company with a Mr. Northmore and three peons started for Palanchina. They arrived there between nine and ten, when . moon was well up object* Wert isiatnly distinguishable. The house which had been indicated was scarr•hed but the burglar was not to be found, the father, how ever, told them that he thought his son was secreted in a cottage not far off, belonging to one Singho Appoo, and to this the party proceeded. Mr. Dick and one peon went to the frnnt door, another went to the door at the rear, whilst Mr. Northmore and the third peon remained at a little dis taste. They knocked, and demanded admittance, where upon Singho Appoo called out to know who was there ? One of the peons replied that it was the magistrate of Negombo, and that he must open the door and let them in. Ono of the shutters was at the moment half-opened, close to the deceased, who it is supposed peeped in, and imme diately after a gun was fired, and he fell dead on the spot. Mr. Northmore and the peons then forced their way into the house, and secured Singho Appoo and his wife, who were the only inmates. The gun, which was quite hot, hail be.at fired with slug, and the shot had completelyslivided the carotid artery from which the blood was pouring in great quantities. At an inquest held on the body, the ver dict found was to the effect—" That the deceased came by his death front a gun-shot wound given by one Singho Appoo. It would appear, however, that there is some reason for sup posing Daniel Appoo, the man Mr. Dick was in search of, to have been in the house at the time that gentleman was approaching. It was said that his excellency had granted a pension of lON. per &11111/131 to Mrs. Dick, widow of the ale ceased magistrate. A piece of gossip had been occupying the attention of the Ceylone:e, the excitement respecting which had not subsided when the mail left. The story, as related in the Colombo papers, from the evidence at the trial is this: Among the managers of the ship Cambria were a Min Stephens and a 2nd lieutenant of the Ceylon Rifles, named MacFarlane. This person had, as is not unusual in long voyages, made his addiesees to his fellow-pasaenger, but she declined them. The rejected lover revenged himself by defaming the young lady to her fellow-passengers; insinuating that she had an inn properintimaey with the captain of the ship, Mr. Shaddoek, and making use of language respecting her so disgusting that it could not be printed. The captain, irritated at this, on the night of the 28th July, gave Mr. Macfarlane a drubbing, for which he was, when the ship arrived atCeylon, brought before the police magistrates, who fined him dl. But another thrashing awaited Macfarlane. Miss Stephens having gone out to visit her two brothers, they demanded an explanation of the delinquent, which he refused to Five. Whercupen one of the Messrs. Stephens inflicted on him a severe horsewhipping. The police-court was again appealed to, and the assailants were each fined 40s. Mr. Napier, comptroller of customs died between one awl two o'clock on the 16th, at his residence, Colpetty. The state of the island generally was good. The season, says the Examiner, has been unpreeedentedly favourable both fur grain and for our staple article of export, is3Wee. All our accounts go to prove that the planter has every reason to be pleased with his approaching crop. Ruin has been abundant at the most critical time—namely, during the maturity of the berry, and now that it is all but full grown we have sunshine on the hills to ripen and perfect the fruit. The native cueivator is equally well suited with the weather : his paddy fields give him good promise, and the fields of line grains, &c., are not less encouraging to him. The crops of sugar in the Mauritius are said to be the meet abundant our neighbours have had for many years ; whilst in Bengal the indigo planter is equally fortunate in his prospects. Plenty therefore seems secured to us on all hands, fur the present at any rate; and forms a pleasing contrast to the picture we have had to contemplate for the past year o: two. The whole of the intelligence from Singapore is given in the following letter from our correspondent i SINGAPORE, Serr. 5. The Hon. Colonel Butterworth, Governor of the Straits settlements, returned to this place on the 23rd lilt. The increased number of piracy and indiscriminate slaughter cases occurring within a few miles of Singapore (of which I gave you some particulars in last month's communication) had again arrested public attention. A few days scarcely elapse without two or three Chinese being brought into this place seriously wounded from piratical attacks, made be ' tween Singapore and Rhio. Nio Yang Quang, the head Of the pirates, will be brought to trial in a few days for mar. der and robbery. In consequence of these piracies native 'traders are afraid to venture, except in company. Singapore is, at present, very healthy, but somewhat dull, owing to the paucity of native traders. The Gambier sugar and spice plantations are all thriving ; but pepper cultivation is almost completely abandoned, in consequence of the absence of a rural police, and the frequent depredations committed by the followers of Nio Yang Quang. Very few parcels of Sinus pore pepper have been raised during the year; the cultivation of Gambier has also been affected it. a similar way. Until an efficient rural police is established thinp will remain u they are, or become worse, since it is know* that about 6,000 or 4,000 Chinese are living in the jungle, without visible means of gaining a livelihood. The new are to come off on the 17th instant, but generally the be is much neglected, and a set of eamehlooking Australis horses, or ponies, are all that can be mustered on ouch occa sions. It promises better this season, and, on the nightie the races, there will bee race ball. Dancing the polka in an atmosphere of 90 or 92 degrees is anything but pleasant, still the dancers take it as cool aa cucumbers ! Tho criminal sessions open on the Bth instant ; the calendar is a heavy one, and the trials will occupy about three weeks. On the 23rd rat. Mrs. Mrs. Balestier, wife of the American consul, expired; her decease is a signal lout to a small settlement, since her gentleness of manners and intelligence secured her the affections of all in the place, whilst her many acts ot kindness to the native poor will make her memory lone respected. Si, Christopher 'it'll - neon, recorder of the Straits settle ment, was hourly expected to arrive, per H. C. steamer Hooghley, from Penang. A vessel has arrived from Siam, and reports all quiet in that direction. It is stated that the Cochin-Chinese are busily employed in repairing the fortifications at Due, Niathrang, and other places in Cochin. China, in anticipation of a second visit from the French. Siam sugar was steadily advancing in price, nothwithstead hag the large amount of the crop. We have had no arrival from Lsbuan since last mail to Europe, and are without • particle of net!' from that quarter. The brig Amelia leR Singapore for Labuan about 20 days ago, carrying thither a number of Chinve coolies, to be employed under Mr. Miles in working the scam of coal which extends across the island. A - large junk left this, in company with the Amelia, on a trading voyage to Borneo. Till the arrival of the Medusa steamer from Kurrachee, expected on Monday, it cannot, of course, be known what Sir Charles's intentions. really are—whether he proceeds home or not. Meantime the Moozuffer steamer has been got ready for a start to Kurrachee, should he be determined on quitting India. It is said he intends accompanying his family to Suez, and then returning to Scinde, to give over charge, prior to proceeding to Bengal. The country gene rally was healthy. Shikarpore had been visited by the amall - which, however, was on the decrease. The port et Kurrachee had again become the scene of animation, native boats from the coast having begun to pour in with supplies id all kinds. The Meanee steamer had taken two months on ; her voyage to Ferosepore from Sukkur, native craft accom plishing the distance in half the time ; which speaks ill foe the success of river steam navigation ; but the Meanee is laid to be an inferior class of vessel. Large quantities of Felt Weft about being shipped from Kurrachee to the Malabar coast. The idea of Scinde supplying Ireland with grain, as reported in the Nara/ and Military Gazette (the home organ of the Napien), as having been offered by the governor, has excited a smile here, where it is known that nearly 50,0001. worth Is* impwled into the country for internal consumption. The most important item of news from Lahore is the re moval, by order of the Governor-General. of the Maharanee Chundah from the capital to the fortress of Shaikhoopra, as a close prisoner. The immediate cause of this step was the following. On the late occasion of the performance of the' ceremony of raising Sirdar Tej Singh to the peerage, the little maharajah obstinately refused to per form his art at the play, viz., the placing the teeka or mark on the forehead of tho newly•created rajah. The cause of this contumacy em the port of the young prince was traced to the ranee, who had schooled her son to refuse to place the mark on Tej Singh, who was one of her bitterest enemies, she hoping by this means to revenge herself on him. The mark is made with the dye of saffron, and is considered an important part alas ceremony. On the maharajah refusing to do as he should have done, his high priest did it for him. The covensasy was then concluded, and a number of the witnesses al the installation would seem not to have naiad Ile coneretenips. The ranee's conduct was represented to the governor-general, who, with the consent of the durbar, ordered her to be removed from all connexion with state affairs end immured in the fort of Shaikhoopra, which is 25 miles distant from Lahore. She was accordingly escorted from Lahore on the night of the 19th, at nine o'clock, by a party of the 11th Irregular Horse, to her future place of abode, where she is to be strictly guarded, and not allowed to mix in any of the affairs of the capital. So quietly was this performed that it was not known in the city for some hours after it had taken place that she had been removed. The The news from China tells to that up to the depar people seemed quite unconcerned at the affair, but as a tore of the mail all was quiet, but this state of things matter of course the most outrageous reports were spread on would, it was feared, not long continue, mob law so gene the subject. The measure of her removal is doubtless a ca ll preva ilia Life and property are still insecure. wise one, for so long as the ranee remained in the capital ex _ vn (of the Dutch firm Reyuvsan and Co.) there tan be little doubt she would, as heretofore, have r aaa • been constantly intriguing against us, and driving to and Mr. Vaucher (a Swiss jeweller) were assassinated thwart the endeavours being made by the durbar on the Canton river, particulars of which will be found for the amelioration of the condition of the country. in our oorrespondent's letter. It is satisfactory to gotice As it is, she will find some way of annoying us, or she is not a woman, The fort in which she is that the Chinese are active in their endeavours to dis confined is the one in which the mother of the late Moho- cover the authors of this outrage. On the morning of rajah Kurruek Singh—a woman of similar disposition to the the sense day a party of our countrymen, who had present ranee—ended her days. One of her confidential embarked in a boat on a pleasure trip, were fired into servants has been proved to have been at the bottom of the by some rabble-looking fellows in boats, and con celebrated " Prema conspiracy," so that it was, in reality, time to get her put off the stage of the Punjaub theatre. felled to abandon their trip. The inquiries respect- The following sentence appears in the Lahore 11 "eras- Diary of Aug. 18, the day preceding the ranee s mg . bribery amongat the o ffi cials at Hong-Kong have • ended the discharge of the colonial secretary's corn removal from the capital: pradore, and the prosecution of a Mr. Tarrant for li- A rumour orenns that the ranee being extremely angry rent word b e llin g Major Caine. It is understood, however, that tore Rajah tej Singh, that she had hitherto hoped he would prove a ham of t h e t e t h er , pm, th i s a..., th., th e hu e the whole affair has been compromised, and both in be had wised old the= wahoted,._ had ansidaely quiry and prosecution abandoned. r'ft'id MI . 14 ani dr " It will be seen that the chamber of commerce at • ease sks, ar e eer IMAM ei se sishsisiss, anowswe tra (fa*. mod sap aborgifri) mkt Canton are still at issue with the governor of Hong osN Is Is Yr almearet fran ?teat, sad have desired to manage the a ff air of the AI as saw ebbs& or Is lopeadllea as pot ea wi t h the , r :ltinese without his assistance. It is sal to aid Ye lap tatuallaato on the lama of Isse lsi ransTro, land tic lasharysik ltarisst Waal It It or gehigninal lift she should to be regretted that this WWI: cdrdislity should be meals la essinmad, wade, she &dared. mew ammit sal dal than adient. continued. Birder Lena Singh Mejeteea, the chief, who yea will re- CANTON, Atn. 23. member was travelling in our dominions when the campaign We have to record another proof of the determina against his country commenced, has been appointed one of tien of the Chinese population to prevent foreigners even the ets eoliabethraeteBltyh fired upo n , po proce ed ed n.being in thent the council of regency. He isrepresented as a man of talent limited liberty permitted by the treaty of April last. A party and experience' ' passionately fond of European literature, f b o c i Z ed u up f the eight river, n w iil e n re d and a great admirer of the arts and sciences of EurePe i so that he will be a great acoasion to his fellow councilors. only two miles from Canton, and, though they were well He was sometime since appointed governor of the country armed, they had the caution and prudence not to return the lying betwixt Lahore and PernrePere, and dna MOM- fire, but put back to Canton, and the information elicited by quently be a man in whom our resident can place every re- the consul, upon his inquiring into the case, fo un d th e b an k 'lance. Col. Lawrence and Lieut. Edwardes quitted Lahore of the river in possession of a mob, armed to the teeth, and on the 21st of August, and reached the town of Jullundhur with guns mounted for their protection ; and here the matter on the 24th, en route to Simlah. A general order is permitted to rest. announces that the latter has leave to Simlah and Cash- To this intelligence we have to add that of a murder. mere ; and as he is Col. Lawrence's travelling companion, it On the evening of the Bth, two gentlemen, oao a Gutiliman is probably the intention of the Lahore resident to visit that and the other a Swiss, the fanner M. Reyuva . merchant, province, as originally resolved on. The country all over the latter M. Vaucher, of the house of V Brothers, i was tranquil and healthy. The station of Lahore was be- proceeded in a fast boat for Hong Kong ;an when a short coming a favourite one with our troops, chiefly owing to the distance from Canton—not a halfmile from the British Con increased allowances they received in the shape of extra sulate—while the boat was at anchor, were boarded by i robbers, who attempted to fire the boat. M. Voucher wu struck on the head, and thrown overboard ; but M. Reym vean fortunately escaped their search. Property to the value of 8,000 dollars was taken by the plunderers ; and the latter gentleman, though seriously wounded, is now conva lescent. You may be enabled to judge of the very distant probability that the parties will be brought to justice, when we tell you the font question proposed (by the petty Man. darin deputed to examine the matter) to M. Reyusaan was— ., What present do you intend to make me for my trouble?" We will again, with these facts before us, ask, will, in April, 1849, quiet permission be granted to enter Canton ? Consequent un correspondence between the Chamber of Com merce here and her Majesty's government, a letter has been addressed by Mr. D. Jardine, chairman of the fanner, to her Msjesty'e consul at Canton, station that, as her Majesty's government cannot carry out asy general measure under the so-called treaty of 6th April, they may be permitted to nego tiate for house, without the interference of government at all. Our markets are extremely dull. Opium has declined within the last week 26 dole. per chest: the scarcity of money and general want of confidence can never better be toted than by this article; while all other imports arc heavy and lifeless, and everything difficult to quit, and no one com modity bearing a profit. In teas the settlements during the mouth have not been large, say about 20 chops ungen at 21.27 gets., or equal to from two to three beyond what they are quoted in England—in some instances even mare. The departures have been, since our last—Wander, r, Liam, Lanercoet, Swithennly, Eliza. The following are the exports to present date and to oorrespondiog period last Sear : tat July lc 2ith August, 1847. I lstJuly to 21th A , 1010. Congou 6,467,379' Conant. Caper seemed Caper ....... 239,170 Scented Caper. .«.. 45.242 Souebong Sutt Flowery Pekoe Ora nge PA Scented or Pekoe Black ...... , 7,052,570 Trrankay 23,220 Hy. Skin Hymn Young Hyman 92,148 Imperial Guipowileg ... 160,030 Green 315,496 Tatal 7,:73,V26 , Of silk, the exports hive 1 mane period last year. Exehan heavy at 61; and mud dcelioi (For Commercial late lU Lack Ticinkay 349,143 Hy. Skin Ilyrou ..... .. 29,321 lio , Hysee Itnal Green 1,426,380 Total an 633 bales, agaiatt 1,57 !, 4s. 31.1. to Is. h. Frcights we Fourth Page.] IN])IAN ARCHIPELAGO. JAVA.—B.tT.tVIA.—By the arrival at Singapore of the Butch steamer Batavia, information has been received from Batavia to August 28th. Various shocks of earth. quake had been experienced at Teruate in April last, bat no damage ensued ; but at Timor Koepang, the mountain Nioabcuck was affected by a sudden depres.i.m, several large stones were precipitated below, and, rol!ing on the houses of the villagers, did considerable damage, but no liveswere lost this occurred in March last. At Ba.a%ia all was gay. The governor-general had returned to the scat of government. Trade at Bst.via was very dull, especially for articles of European production ; the market we well flop. plied with cotton fabrics, and in consequence of the rcc:nt arrival of several English vessels, British manutmtures had been thrown on the market to a considerable extent. The export trade was rather dull, owing to the low rah, that obtain in Europe. ACASSAR.—lntelligenee has reached Singapore from Macassar to August 111th. The season for trading with that port is now over. The object of the Dutch in establish ing a free port in the Celebean Archipelago, was to endea vour to restrict or cut off the trade of Singapore with the Celebes. As a free pert, however, Macassar has disappointed the wishes of the Dutch. Iteatrictiens exist at Maemur which are unknown in places where high duties are levied. Bad the Dutch aimed to drive the trade of Mccassar to Singapore, they could not have adopted more certain means than those already in operation there. Foreign vei.sels are at liberty to enter the port of Macassar and to land every description of merchandise, but failing a market there, they are strictly prohibited entering any of the intena.xliate ports: even the ind_ ,mendent Rajahs of the neighbouring islands, not under Dutch authority, are warned ant to trade with other vessels than under the Dutch flag. To check the resort of native traders to any other mart than Macassar, the Dutch governor Las written to the rajahs of the itlett of the Celebean Archipelago, net to allow any of their prows (trading veuels) to proceed direct to Singapore or to any other port without first galling at ?decease. The Marie has lately returned from a trading voyage, under British colours, but Imo whatever port the schooner entered a corporal and two soldiers were placed in charge of the vessel to prevent trading. The same interference was experienced by the supercargo of the Zeeluat. The Governor. General declared Macassar to be free to vessels of all nations. The following is (unaided from the Governor-General's proclamation : That the rezulatten concerning the Importation, rale, and pow. sine, of Bona and gunpowder, dud by the decree of the t.th of August, 102.1, No. 26, for the port and town of ltlacawsdr, la hereby annulled, and declared to be without effect: and, consequently, Use free ha. portstino and sale of war stores Is allowo.l.—Parog.2 Goren...Gen.'s So much for professions —now for experience: —Gans, muskets, gunpowder, principal articles of trade " may be freely imported." The importer is also at liberty to sell them if he can; but sines by a local regulation the buyer is not allowed to re-export (the only object of the purchase), muskets, &c., cannot be so " freely imported " as the pro clamation would seem to permit. Thus the sale of guns and gunpowder is as effectually suppressed at Macassar as at any part of Netherlands India! Other articles, cpium for exlmple, fall under the same interdictive ban unless imported by Dutch vessels, when their re-export is nattily granted. Procuring a port clearance at Macassar is attended with more inconvenience and delay than are experienced at any port of Java where duties arc levied. Port regulatioa 11 states that ship certificates and port clearances will be given gratis, as at Singapore. For this purpose the militant must apply to the fiscal 1,1. a certificate; the office of that functionary is in the court-house, at the extreme end of the town of Macassar, and about two miles from the harbour master's bureau, whither the captain must walk under a tropical sun, for no description of conveyance is procurable to carry him thither. With such restrictions and lets, it it surprising that, as a free port, Macassar has not answered the expectations formed at its establishment ? The Mattes chappy buy up all the Bugle sarongs, for the purpose of securing the trade at Macassar, and to compel native traders to resort there for their purchases. Letters from Macasuar write unfavourably of the change. The assessment levied to meet the disbursements of the executive is complained of as very heavy, in addition to which 2 Spanish dols. are levied annually for each slave—of which there are about 6.700 at Macassar. Formerly, the taxes were paid in copper money, but all payments are now demanded in silver. Another burtheu complained against is that of compelling private slaves to be public watchmen, instead of performing the work of their owners. The sanitary regulations are strict ; all houses must be frequently whitewashed and kept in good repair under a penalty, so that the Dutch authoriues enforce an outward semblance of prosperity, which must, at least, render the appearance of the town cheerful. Another great objection to trading with Macassar is the currency of Java bank paper, which gives Dutch traders an advantage over other competitors. Dutch paper money exchangesat Macassar at 12 fanams per rupee, while in gold the exchange is 15 fanams: so that Java traders can sell their goods at an ad vantage of 20 per cent. above the foreign merchant, or can undersell the latter to an equal amount. But whilst the Dutch affect to have relieved Macassar from commercial re strictions, they have applied the screw elsewhere. The duties at Amboyna and Bin= have been doubled on vessels proceed ing from those porta to Macassar. Formerly the duties were 12 per cent., they are now 21 A large amount of troops have been despatched from Batavia to Macassar, and some European (Dutch) merchants from the former place have settled at the new mart. SOOLOO.—REITBS OF THE PIRATES.—By the arrival at Singapore of the Velocipede from Sooloo, particu• tars have been received of the advent at that place of three piratical prows belonging to the fleet which was attacked by H.C. steamer Nemesia at the end of May last, when near the Bruni river, Borneo Proper. Of the six that escaped at Borneo three only arrived in safety at Sooloo about the middle of June. The Velocipede has brought on two Chinese captives who were taken by the pirates at Lingin, but man aged to swim off so the Velocipede while at anchor at Sooloo. A Manilla man has also been brought over, who, with the assistance of a bamboo, managed to swim off to the vessel after being in captivity two years. The piratical hordes at Sooloo are incensed at the treatment they received from the Kspal Api (steamer); they admit that two hundred and forty of their number were killed, including a noted chief. Another chief was also missing, who was probably slain at Bruni. Of this number (240) one hundred were found dead on the beach near Palo Maorra. After the engagement 26 were put to death in Bruni, two were killed in the Jungle in their endeavour to escape the Sultan's people, 10 dead bodies were found in the captured prows, 10 more were killed in one of the prows that escaped, 33 were killed by the natives of Tootong after surrendering them selves, and the remainder died from the effects of their wounds before reaching Sooloo. In the three prows that returned to Sooloo were about 60 slaves. Col. Butterworth, governor of the Straits settlements, in Mar* last despatched by the Velocipede a letter to the Sultan of Sooloo, urging on that prince the propriety of sappresaing piracy, and warning hint of the example made of the Sultan of Borneo by the fleet under Admiral Cochrane; an answer has been received from the Sultan, affecting to discourage piracy, but he is not sincere. It is probable that early next year a fleet will proceed to Sooloo, Basilau, and other pieces resorted to by pirates in the Sooloo Archipelago, to punish them severely. An English, Dutch, and Spanish war steamer will, it is said, form part of the expedition. A fleet of piratical prowl leave Sooloo i yearly to plunder small towns aild as also vessels that fall n their way, and make cayi piptec, The number of slaves brought into Sooloo averages about 2,000 aniivally, moat part of 'which are takea to Borneo in trading prows, sold for mother of pearl shells, gold dust, birds' nests, ' , Ceiba de mer, &e. SPANISIT REFTGEE9.—The amnesty granted by Queen Isabella being without exception or restriction, the Spanish refugees from the lit inst. ceased to have any claim to the subsidies granted to them by the French government ; which, however, will allow to such of them as wish to return into Spain a sum sufficient to defray the charges of their journey. _ CA BRERA. Cabrera, the well-known C,arlist general, paid last week a visit to Nice, where he remained two days, after which he returned to Genoa. No political manifestation had taken place at Nice, and a great number of Russian and English families had arrived, with the inten tion of remaining during the winter.