The Express. — London, England, 1853-02-01 00:00:00

Zite erpreoo. TO C')ItI:II.SPUN • -..c.ag at.'iti)e " The tApress." eutto.inuie 'be tame tweeirleir won.; rutat.b.4l aveil Twitioy awl titillay a4Lt la ite:e lee MK. ..terverneetetateaded ter Tie ratweet." Lemuel kviaett raw, tete% be et the oft.% to. t.everie , •werst. Two o'e.telt es tie Meet rb.SiltAtioe. mau WATER AT LONDON 2111 Ore —flegfaar. 716 O. .111 o.a 14. ,, --Manistg, fa flea Aftaraws. Sa.2laa 1 LONDON, TLTilD4]', FEBRUARY 1. more than a league or two from the shoves of England. Its gun-vessels should bo fit only for coast defence, and the " forward ships," into which a portion of the fencibles would be liable is serve, must be commissioned only" for Channel err vice." This would be necessary to prevent the de li fence ships from being sent off to prop up the throne of BRAGANZA, or to strengthen the great fortress of the Scheldt. And one thing more. Any such sea fencible force need not be costly, and the whole cost of it might be met out of the fifteen millions now voted for army and navy, if those two services were only partially reformed. There is more money now wasted in the navy, the dockyards, in the regiments of Guards, and by the separation of the Ordnance from the office of the Commander-in-Chief, than would enrol, drill, arm, and equip a sea fencible force sufficient to belt round the whole of the coasts of Great Britain. By cutting away from the Army sod Navy the costly absurdities which now weaken them both, we should have an ample balance of' hard cash to meet the cost of a thoroughly efficient 'Long Shore Militia:"—and when we are secure at home, we may go safely to work to check expendi ture on wars abroad. IT is stated that the Government have in contem pla:ion the establishment of a defensive Coa st Militia. Whether they think of adopting the Sea-Feneible schedie of Captain ELLIOT, or whether they intend to carry out any portion of Mr. ANDERSON'S sugges tions placid last session before the House of Com mons, for using the small mercantile steamers for I delensieu purpose', does not yet appear. The only statement is that some plan of the kind is under serious consideration. Even the Peace Society will scarcely ob ject to this, since the abject in view is simply that of belting our sea-shores with a body of volunteers, re cruited from that half-amphibious race who live within reach of the sea-spray, as fish( rmen and boat men, and whose lives are spent almost as much upon the water as the land. In the whole population of She country there is not physically a finer set of fel lows than those commonly known as the '"Long-abore men"—ready alike with oar or sail—to work a plea sure yacht, or man • life-boat, or, it may be, now and then, to " run a cargo" when the revenue cut ter is not handy. Those most acquainted with this class of our countrymen are best able to appreciate their good seamanship, courage, self collectedness, and prudence in danger. Familiar with the sea from childhood,—accustomed to exposure in all 'canoes and all weathers.—ready fur adventure and reckless of risks afloat, —knowing every shoal, rock, current, and act of the tide, along the coast where their lives are spent, they gain a sort of in stinctive knowledge of what can, and what cannot be done in boats, whilst all that can be done they are equal to do With such qualifications they might, for coast defence, be invaluable. As u class, their earnings are not large. Fishing 11111 i boating are neither the most regular nor the most profitable of occupations; both being dependent greatly sin weather and the seasons. Every visitor to the sea-side has noticed how many idle hours aro spent by these men on the beach—tinker ing a boat, mending a net, or patching a sail, are their main resources hi spare time. But with all these, they have still many idle hours on hand, that might well be employed in exercises fitting such sturdy fellows for a " 'Long-shore Police." A small retaining fee would certainly induce thousands of them to enrol themselves—to muster for drill and to hold themselves in readiness for service, in the event (which we trust may never arise) of any attempt at hostile landing on our shores. Captain 3ta mar suggests that the coast should be divided into districts, for the purpose of enrolling sea fenci bles for muster and exercise in boats, and with great guns and small arms, at fixed peri ods of the year. Men thus drilled might receive a payment sufficient to satisfy them for the loss of one day in ten or twenty, as the case might be ; those who thus served to be eligible as candidates for Greenwich Hospital, if age, injury, or misfortune should reader them destitute. With a good force of this character at command—and with vessels for their use in case of need—it would not be necessary to keep any additional,—or indeed any very large muster ut ships of war either cruising in the Channel or at Spithead. It would be sufficient to have an ample supply of ships in an advanced state, on board Of which the sea fencibles could be drafted for service I should any imminent danger appear. Accustomed to the sea from boyhood, and drilled to the new duties, such :volunteer service might imrose upon them, the sea militiamen would by the addition of some old men-of-wars-men, form admirable crews for fighting vessels. Of course, whilst so serv ing, the small retaining fee paid them whilst on shore, would be replaced by liberal seagoing wages, which the more ocerous duty on board ship would make them worthy of. The "'long-shore men," not needed for such service, would be available for em ployment in boats of shallow draught, fit for work near shore, and each carrying a gun able to throw heavy shot and—like the duck gun of the fowler— ready to do terrible execution if brought to bear upon any living creatures near the sea level. Such guns towed by a small steamer into the neighbour hood of any hostile force attempting a landing might do the greatest service against an enemy. Owen might be drilled to use the proposed monster mortars of the Patricroft foundry. It must be re membered that men thus trained would be not only a strictly Alen:are force, but would merely be brought into play should there be a real —and not a possible—enemy to contend with. To keep up a very large fleet ready for action in the Channel is dreary work—to say nothing of danger or cost ; whilst such a fleet might be had at the shortest notice by keeping ready for sea a moderate fleet, whilst • a large sea fencible force and a number of vessels ready but unmanned, waited only for the hour when the presence of crews pn board them might be need ful. Such are some of the sugges:ed means for coast security. How far such modes of defence are capa ble of satisfactory elaboration and perfection it is not our present business to determine. We merely seek to describe the plans put forward on the sub ject, now said to be under the consideration of the Government. Whilst ever ready to admit in the abstract the desirability of universal peace, and ready to do all in our power to disseminate the views of those who preach against the horrors and folly of war, we have never been led into the cry against securing thorough national defences. Our argument has been that we should be made perfectly secure against aggression and be kept perfectly clear of aggressive war—adding proofs enough of the fact that the mealiest' now voted for war establishments give funds 'efficient to pay for every needful mode of defence. We have a navy large enough if it was kept together, and within hail, to make England unapproachable by sea ; we have an army which, if concentrated in England, would be able to give a good account of any enemy who might cops with them. But then our ships are in the Pacific, in the Indian Seas, in the Irrawaddy, in the West Indies, in the Tagus-- anywhere and everywhere but where they sbotli t r i ; when we want them. The ships, moreover, are too often officered by men chosen rather for family than meritorious reasons, and whilst the youthful and energetic amongst them are pining on shore, the aged and the effete are carrying off the prizes of the ser vice. Our army is in very much the same pickle. We have soldiers in Canada, in the West Indies, in the East Indies, in all sorts of out of the way spots on the earth's surface where some body at some time or other in authority thought soldiers ought to be—and sent them; and whence nobody in authority has ever since thought fit to break through the absurd and mischievous rule by drawing them back again. We have forces scat tered in the West India Islands, for instance—split up into bodies too small to offer any sufficient resist ance if an enemy should ever attack them in detail and yet large enough to help with other such instal ments to weaken our chief centres of military occu pation. Yet there they are—left to be killed by fever and to be spoiled by idleness, booms in old slave-trade-days soldiers were lambi "to keep down the blacks." Then, again, in Quads we have regiments utterly useless for holding the country against any serious revolt were such pos sible within that colony, and equally incompetent to make any successful resistance should any attack be possible from without. Canada is either quite old enough intake care of herself ; or if she is not, she has so far outgrown our leading strings that we could not take much coercive hold of her if need should unhappily arise fur such an attempt. Yet there we have regiments useless, and there such regiments will assuredly I e left. If under the plea of national defence more regiments were raised, they . might at the caprice of any Government for the time being be shipped off to increue the number of these military colonial absurdities or to wage war against impo verished Ilurmans or helpless Chinese. Not so a sensibly organised Tong-shore police," which, if well contrived, might be rendered purely defensive whilst thoroughly efficient. A chief rule of its en rolment moat of cause be that it shall not be moved TEE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 1, 1858. terrace to some coarse jokes on the subject of the marriage. A serious eccident, of a kind likely to happen in the untlni9hed Ruc Rivoli, occurred near the corner of the Rue des Ituardonnais. A soldfolding fell down and injured several people. Three women were carried off in a dangerous state, and several persons were more or less hurt. PARIS SUNDAY RIMMING _-. . - • About 1 o'clock the Imperial vertigo arrived at Note Dame ; the approach was announced by a Sourish of trumpets and the music of a military band, and the orchestra struck up. In a few minutes the Emperor appeared, preceded by the great officers 1 state, and leading the Empress by the band to- Mirde the altar. The Emperor -,,„ re h i s usual caw tome, and the Empress a gown of white velvet, tensed fpingle, richly ornamented, and a diadem of brWiants on her head. They were followed by the Countses of Montijo, the Ladies of Honour, the /dim etas, the Marshals of France, and other great cligni twice. Informed of the app roach of the cortege, the Archbishop of Paris, preceded by hie, clergy, went forward to meet them towards the central gate by which they entered. The corte ge advanced towards i the throne, which was placed n the centre of the transept on a raised floor, covered with an ermine limpet. A canopy of velvet, lined with ermine, and =mounted by a colossal eagle, rose to a great height. A flood of light streamed over the gilding, the flowers, and the hangings, and banners bearing the names of the principal towns in France flo ated teem the ceiling. The Emperor and Empress took their places ea the throne. On the right of the altar, the five ter dinals were seated, and further down the Marshals of France in full costume, and holding their batons of command. The church was crowded in every part, and from the remotest corner of the nave and high galleries hundreds in vain tried to catch even a passing . glimpse of the ceremony. As soon as their Majesties placed themselves on the throne, the arch bishop officiating saluted them, and the ceremony of marriage then commenced. The Archbishop, addressing the Emperor and Empress, said, " Do you present yourselves here to contract marriage, in presence of the Church?" The Imperial pair answered, " Yes, Monsieur." The silence at this moment was so profound, that these words might be heard throughout the spacious edi fice. After these words, the first almoner of the Emperor, preceded by a master of ceremonies, ad vanced to deposit the pieces of gold, with a ring ins plate on the altar, and afterwards presented them to the Archbishop for the benediction. The Archbishop then turning towards the Emperor, said, " Sire, you declare, acknowledge, and swear, before God, and before his Holy Church, that you 110 W take Mdlle. de Montijo, Comtesse de Theba, here present, for your wife and legitimate spouse ?" The Emperor answered with a firm and sonorous voice " Yes, Monsieur." The Prelate con tinued " You promise and swear to be faithful in all things as a faithful husband should be to hie spouse according to the commandment of God ?" The Em peror again responded " Yes, Monsieur." The Arch bishop, then turning to the Empress, addressed the same interrogatories to her Majesty, and received like affirmative answers. The Archbishop then gave the pieces of gold and the ring to the Emperor, who presented them to his bride, with the words " Receive the signs of the marriage covenant between you and me." The Empress then handed the gold pieces to the Duchesse de Bassano, her Maid of Honour, after which the Emperor placed the ring on the finger of her Majesty, with the usual words. The Archbishop then making the sign of the cross, said, " In nomine pates of Sin et spiritus sancti." The couple then knelt, each holding the right hand of the other, and' , the Archbishop, extending his hands over them, =ced the sacramental formula, "Dens Abraham, Isaac," &c. The Emperor and Empress then rising were conducted back to the throne. The Gospel was next read, and afterwards the sacred book was taken to their Majesties to kiss. After the Pelee their Majesties went to the foot of the altar and knelt; the first chaplain of the Em peror and another bishop extended above their Wsk a canopy of silver brocade, and kept it so ex- WNW during the oraison. During the episcopal benediction and the reading of the Gospel, the choir chanted several times the Domino salmon. The Arch bishop then presented holy water to their Majesties, and commenced the Te Down, which was taken up by the orchestra and the singers. After the 2e Doan, the great officers of the crown, the princes, the ministers, and other persons who arrived in the cortege resumed their places, and their Majesties descended from the throne. The cortege left the church in the older in which it lied entered, the Emperor and Empress bowing gra slimly on all sides. The weather was dull, but upon the whole favourable. The cortege, on return ing, instead of following the streets, came along the quays as far as the Place do Is Concorde, and en tered the Palace by the grand entrance to the garden of the Tuileries. the deputations, drawn up in the garden, were respectful but not warm in their salu tations. The following is the cantata song in the theatre, after the overture of "William Tell," by M. Roger and Madame Tederco, in presenee of the Emperor and Empress. The music is by Aeber, and the verses by M. Mery RICITATIP. MVO lea lyres d'or, avec les voix de rime, France, Espagne, deux scours! celebrex co grand jour! Peoples unis, chances rsuguste epithalame, Car rhymme de la max, e'est l'hymne de l'amour! Notre scour par la Foi, l'Espagne fortunia Donne sa noble fills 3 Napoleon Trois; Quand I'aigle imperial mower. en hymenee, Ce quit elive it lui devient le sang dee roil! CHANT. Solis le chasms et sons la couronne, Celui qui porte on noble cccur Ne vent confer a personne Le droll de choisir son boaheur. L'Ensperear it now se revile Libre des ►ois d'un monde linden ; EN par la France nouvelle, Le occur do people, c'est le gen! Aus jour. des dernieres Vine de rile de Lion, I.ln Espagnol, sons nos =trifles, Combattit pour Napoleon. °enemas Fraceais de Castilla, Do haul des dens rejonis-toi: L'Empereur 6pouse u fills ! Ton beioisme t'a fait roi ! Oh! qu'elle soh notre espiranee Sur le trans od now rattendons Le del la met pour la France Quand it la cambia de see dons! Ceux qui soufrent la vie mire, TOMS les orphelins du malheur Domain retrouvent sine mere : C'est la femme de l'Empereurl Pour nitre Imperatrice, au: dour climate °bole», Chant'', avee des veil qui savent nous ravir, Les airs que redira !'echo d'Andalousie Aus collines du Tagus et du Guadalquivir! QUATOOK. Espagns bids limes Oa le del eat vermeil, C'eat toi qui lam 'armee D'un rayon de soled ! Now binisseasl'aurore Et nes riantes pliers Qui Is front felon Dens tee jardius de Seers ! Ensile qui seintide Et se live cur noes, Sts rayons de Castillo Font noire del plus dour ! Le pauvre 3 ses souffranees Promet en meilleur temps; II a deux providence., L'annfe a deo: printempe. CHANT. Dieu qui wife sur les trews, Dien qui prend pitie de now, Bimini les edit eouronnes Des dens augustes ewe:. Lorsque la France ('implore, Dieu our elle onvre les yew ; Notre pays est encore Le pays time dm deux (Grand chow final.) FRANCE. PARIS. MONDAY Evssixo. The great fate of yesterday has happily passed off without any public accident, or even serious incident, considering the immense assemblage that had been drawn together. This morning's Moniteur concludes a lung official account of the religious ceremonies, by saying that the very heavens favoured this Imperial fete ; for seldom does winter give a " sky so clear, or a temperature so mild." Thanks are also due to those who had charge of the solemnities; for by the perfect execution of their commands, no accident has happened which could leave a grief on the minds of the Parisian population. The people are crowding in innumerable throngs to-day to see the cathedral of Notre Dame. A small charge is made for admission, which the Archbishop of Paris has officially notified will be ap propriated to the relief of the poor. lho Emperor and Empress appeared a second time last evening en the balcony of the Tuileries, when they were extremely well received by the people. ills Majesty on this occasion wore a citi zen's dress, with his decorations, and the Empress was attired in crimson velvet, with • white bonnet. The private illuminations last night were by no means so universal, nor were the spectators so nume rous as had been expected. All the public buildings, however, the palaces, poet-office, theatres, &c., were splendidly illuminated. The Moniteur of this morning announces that on the occasion of his marriage, the Emperor has par doned more than 3,000 persons who were implicated in the events of December, 1851. With these par dons, and the submissions already received, there do not remain more than 1,200 persons subjected to expulsion. Public opinion, it is added, is not alarmed at these numerous acts of clemency ; for the decree of March, 1852, which gave to the govern ment the right of having recourse to these measures of precaution, gave also the power of pardon. The names of the individuals who have received the im perial clemency will be published hereafter. There was another general full on the Bourse to day, in which the prices of all the leading securities more or less participated. Bank stock, however, formed an exception, having recovered the decline of Saturday. Both the Three per Cents. and the Four and-a-Half per Cont. Rentes were respectively called at the close of business 75 centimes lower than on Saturday; the official quotations being, Threes, for the account, 78f. 73c.; Four-and-a-Half, ditto, 104 f. 10c.; Bank stock, 2,810 f. Not a single upward movement in railway shares. The Emperor and Empress left !Paris yesterday afternoon, at four o'clock, for St. Cloud. It is an nounced that they will remain there till Feb. 5. The Marquis and Marchioness de Las Mar jamas, M. and M ad ame de Pierres, M. and Madame Gus tave de Montebello, and another personage, whose name I have not learned, will, I believe, exclusively form the intimate circle of their Majesties during the St. Cloud honeymoon. It has been frequently remarked within the last week as extraordinary that no portrait of the Em press of any kind has been exhibited in the shops. To-day a bust in plaster, of her Majesty, by Count Nieuwerke, appears in M. Susses window, in the Place de la Bourse, and attracts a crowd of admirers. It would be difficult to conceive a more lovely or classic face than M. Nieuwerke's work of art ex hibits. A zealous mayor, in the province of Berry, has issued an address on the occasion of the marriage, in which he makes out the Empress to be a Turkish princess, descended from Greek emperors, and draws the conclusion that the crowns of the eastern and western empires will be united on the head of Louis Napoleon. A remarkable conversation lately occurred between as ex-French minister, one of the most eminent statesmen in Europe, whose name I am not at liberty to emotion, and two other political personages. The statesman in question expressed himself nearly in the following terms :—" It is a remarkable fact that the republic neither brought us war nor socialism, and the present government,calling itself the saviour of France, will give us socialism to begin I with. It exists already in our fi nances by the bank mobiliere and the bank fenders, and the presumption and want of foresightof government is hurrying us on speedily and inevitably to war with all Europe, against whom we are very likely to prove defenceless. One of the parties to this conversation, who is himself almost an imperialist, replied, "In this you are righe, and ie must be admitted that, for the sake of appearing to make reductions in the war et a the government is at this moment consuming its wawa" The statesman continued, "Yes, whilst an the strong places of Austria and Russia are armed, and they have not even so much to do as to pet up the polissades, which are already lying ready it the trenches." Some of the more moderate Bonapartists, such as JIM. de Morny, Ney, Delamarre (Creuze), and other seembeto of the Jockey Club, are beginning to be mehmely uneasy at the unmistakeable and uncom• premising disaffection of the salons. At the legiti mist (club, the Union, M. de Croustilhes, whose bgitimist principles are considered tainted from the Iset of his having once been a minister of Louis Napoleon, has just been blackballed by 91 votes against 21. At : this moment the annual dea den for the president of the Jockey Club is going so, and I understand It to be highly probable that the 'present president, M. Delamarre, vs hose re election under ordinary cireumstansea would be almost a matter of course, will be rejected on account et his known political connectim with M. Fould. A decree of the 22nd enacts that the Pontifical decree issued at Rome on the 28th September, by which the Bishop of Frejus and his successors are entholised to add to that title that of the suppressed hishopric of Toulon shall be published in the empire, with, however, the proviso that none of its clauses or expressions which are contrary to the constitution, the laws of the empire, and the franchises, liberties, mod maxims of the Oallican church are approved of. We read the following in the Sales Public of Lyons of the 29th : Last evening a report was current in some circles of the death of the Countess of Chambord. We are willing ssi believe that this news is not well founded ; we have ris• inivtd no information on the subj.nt from private smarm% sad we hope to see it contradicted by the legitimist orgasm. The Minister of the Interior, has, in a circular jest addressed to the prefects of the departments, gives sew instructions relative to the distribution of relief to charitable institutions. The total sum to be given thisymir for that purpose is 800,0400 fr., and extraor- Misery credits are only to be granted for exceptional and unforeseen events, such as inundations or mala dies, amounting to public calamities ; heretofore the suns has been 30(),OD0fr. fixed, with supple mentary credits voted by the legislative assemblies. The minister intimates that, on account of the re sumption of labour, and the re-establishment of con• fidence, the prefects will be able to limit the demands for relief, which of late years have been very great, owing partly to 1 olitieal agitations and partly to the tendency of communes to count on the state more than on themselves. The emperor has decided that all the expenses in curred for the fetes of his marriage shall be p lid out of his civil list. Some women belonging to the working classes were arrested on the quays for giving audible nt- GERMANY. Adcioes from Vienna of the 29th ult. state that M. de la Cour, Minister Plenipotentiary of France, %as received by Cuunt Buol•Schauenetein on Satur day last. Letters from Berlin of the 28th contain assurances of an early termination of the negotiations between M. Brucko and Pommer-Esche. A treaty for 12 years will be concluded. ITALY. The Pisdasontem Gazette of the 26th oIL contains a royal ordonnance, dissolving the communal council of SaLucca, which had addressed two petitions to the Chamber of Deputies, demanding certain changes in the public administration. The accompanying repast of the Minister of the Interior exhibits the views of the cabinet on a nice question of representative government :—" The central power of the state," says the minister, "would not be in full possession of its independence of action, if provincial or communal representations were to intervene in the affairs of general legislation and government. The constitu tion has decided that every deputy is the representa i',7f of the who!" state• and not of that part of it which has sent him to parliament, and it has done so in order to avoid giving to votes a local colour, which might place the various provinces of the monarchy in opposition to each other. The vote of the majority should be that of all the provinces; any system which should permit different provinces to take diverse colours in the general questions of the country would violate the national unity." TURIN, JAM. 25. The Piedmontese newspapers have no doubt ac quainted you with the late arrest of a gentleman of the name of Mazzinghi at Spezia (on the eastern coast of Genoa), accused by M. Bronchi, a Itomish priest, with having, jointly with Captain Pakenham, an Englishman, distributed among several country people in the neighbourhood of that town " St. Paul's Letter to the Colossians, and the literal version of the Ten Commandments of God." Captain Pakenham, being a British subject, was allowed to get safe beyond reach of the Genoese authorities. M. Mazziughi, being an Italian, was, after being dragged like a malefactor from one prison to auother, delivered into the hands of the new holy inquisitors at Genoa. His trial took place on the 17th inst., not publicly as all otter trials are per formed, but after the laudable and edifying meaner of the old inquisition—namely, in a locked-up room. No one knows, consequently, what took place in it. The fact is that poor Mazzinghi has been condemned to three years' imprisonment and all the expenses of the processo or the ammenda if these be not paid. He had already suffered five months' imprisonment before his trial, but these have not been taken into account into the sentence. Thus a worthy and re spectable Christian is condemned by Christian judges to be severely punished for endeavouring to promote Christianity in a Christian • country, under a Chris tian government issuing from a constitution which proclaims " liberty of conscience" to be the lawful right of every man living under its shelter. The ultramontanists ure mad with joy at so unex pected a result. The priest Bruschi walks as threat ening in his look', as if the holy office were again established and he made an inquisitor. The popula tion, however, is furious, and the public press unani mous in anathematising the savage action—this real auto da fe. What astonishes people most, however, is that it should have been accomplished after the whole of Europe has so decidedly and so publicly manifested its abhorrence for the persecutions the poor Madiais have been the victims of in Tuscany. The ministers seem to be in great embarrassment, as interpellations are expected to be made to-day upon the subject in parliament. They say that the fault is not theirs, but of the still existing ancient codes; to which, as long as they exist, the clerical prosecutors have al right to appeal. So far they are right ; but why are not these barbarous codes, which are in perfect oppo sition with the articles of the constitution, abolished? The fact is, that there still remain in every branch of the public administration a great number of influen tial people of the old regime (more or less connected with the high Romish clergy, and all equally de voted to it), who not only throw every possible ob stacle in the way of progress, but exert all imagina ble means to destroy the effect, limited and preca rious as it is, of even our present lame institutions. As long as these monstrous existing codes are al lowed to remain, the constitution is nothing but a fiction. I have just received intelligence from Genoa that the priests there, encouraged by the success of their prosecution against Mazzinghi, applied for on the 20th instant, and obtained warrants against several of the inhabitants of Favale, in the province of Genoa, and particularly against the family of Ce• reghino, consisting of men, women, and children, who were all immediately arrested and imprisoned for the crime of being in the habit of reading the Bible translated by Diodati. Amongst the impri soned is an exemplary girl (Maria Cereghino), not quite sixteen years old. The place was, at the time the letter was written, in an uproar ; the irritation of the inhabitants extreme; "and this (they all said) is the liberty of conscience granted us by the consti tution." (Cries of, " Down with the priests ; " " Down with the Pope ;" " No inquisition," were uttered.) The ministerial organ of yesterday announced that the King had determined to avail himself of his royal prerogative on behalf of Mazzinghi; and by an act of grace to grant him a free pardon. The King is a noble-hearted man, and anything but a bigot. This act of clemency, however, does not cure the evil; the codes or the constitution must be abolished. ROMAN STATES. Our Roman correspondent, writing on the 24th of January, relates the poisoning of the Marquis Ban dini and all his family. The Roman government was much alarmed at the demonstrations of the Bolognese in favour of Austria. The collection of the industry tax was suspended in consequence. The Pope had established statistical commissions throughout the state. His Holiness visited the King of Bavaria on the 22nd. The English Academy bad been re-opened by order of the trustees. Gemeau was still in Rome. SPAIN. We have received the Madrid journals of the 26th. Several of them contain long articles on the subject of the imperial marriage, which they speak of in terms of the highest satisfaction, and give long de tails of the family of the Empress, which do not in any way differ from those which we have already pub lished. These journals speak in the highest terms of the personal qualities of the new Empress. At the last soiree given by the Erench ambassador, the marriage of the Emperor was the general subject of conversa tion, and numberless congratulations were offered to General Anpick on the occasion. Public attention at Madrid is much occupied with the approaching elec tions, and in some of the electoral colleges the contest will he severe, the number of candidates coming for ward being more numerous than usual. It is con sidered that the ministerial candidates will have the best chance in the provinces. The government is actively engaged with the question of the finances of the country. Several capitalists have expressed their readiness to renew their engage ments w►th the Treasury at the end of the month. The Bank of St. Ferdinand will make its usual ad vances of 24 millions, and is negotiating other im portant transactions with the government. TURKEY. The Journal de Constantinople has published a cir cular by the Bank directors, stating that as the impe rial government has resolved upon the liquidation of that establishment, the directors hold office only to regulate the accounts. The value of the bills in circulation, which six months ago amounted to 500,0001., is now 400,0001., and the necessary funds for their payment in Europe have been secured by a contract which the Sublime Porte has concluded with five merchants of Constantinople. The Montenegrino intelligence by this mail is to the 6th ult., and has been anticipated by news re ceived ria Trieste. The reception of Abd-el-Kader by the Sultan seems to have been gracious and courteous, but nothing more. The presence of the ex-Emir at Constanti nople does not appear to have caused any sensation among the Turkish population. SYRIA. BEYROUT, Dz 0.29, 1852. The following is the summary of intelligence re ceived from time to time from the province of Da mascus, where, as here, the hostile attitude 01 the inhabitants of the Hawaii district continues to rivet public attention. Mr. Wood's and Said Hey Djon heist's joint mission to these insubordinate people was mentioned in a former letter. The result has scarcely realised either the hopes or the expectations entertained; for their mediation, after the recent advantages gained by the insurgents, proved to be of little avail. They, however, succeeded in other mat- ters of minor importance, but of no less public utility, as they were not only able to liner- , tain more correctly and positively the actual position of affairs there, but induced the Druses to cease their acts of brigandage ; this has had the effect of restor ing the country to comparative tranquillity, re-open ing communications, and causing a feeling of greater security to prevail. Said Bey is now in Danielsen.. He only ventured to repair thither under the moral guarantee of Mr. Wood ; the nature of his past relations with the Turkish government was such that he had hitherto deemed it most prudent not to accede to the repeated invitations of the various hi g h f unc iLmaries of the Porte to visit either Damascus or Beyrout. He, ilinVC:Vr, consented to , accompany Mr. Wood, the British Consul of Damns- ass, to the revolted district, and shared with him all the difficulties and dangers of a negotiation with a wild and turbulent people whom lute success had Inflated with extraordinary pretensions. It was not so much in treating with the chiefs of the insurgents that the voluntary pacificator met with opposition, sae was it entirely with a Drage sect that they had to deal. The Sheikhs, however well disposed, lay at the mercy of their less reasonable subordi nates, whilst the influence of both the consul and the Bey was lost upon the disaffected Mahomedans who keep in check the Draws who had sought their alliance in the first instance. After several days of fruitless conferences, exhortations, and expostulations Mr. Wood and Said Bey were obliged to suspend their operation and return to Damascus, to explain to the Turkish General-in Chief the impossibility of any immediate settlement being come to. Said Bey was received by Mehmed Pecha with every mark of distinction and is still, with all his large suite, the guest of His Excellency. Negotiations were re sumed by letters, but the insurgents in reply only expressed their determination not to concede the points in dispute. The grievances, objections, and demands of the Hauranese may be summed up in a few words. They object to furnish their contingent to the standing army of the Sultan, on the ground that as far as they arc concerned they have never experienced the benefit of military pro tection from the inroads of the marauding Arabs. Their repugnance also to military duty is owing to their love of liberty and the armor pair re which is so strong in them. They refuse to send their children to be the companions of a dissolute soldiery whose gross and brutal vices shocked them more than any thing else during the late war. They demand that their borders be guarded by an efficient and active military force to keep off the Arabs, because they observe, it is not just that for every two piastres of taxes which they pay to the govern ment, three piastres more should be forcibly levied from them by the Bedouins. They offer in place of conscripts ,to pay additional taxes ; and insist upon a firman being granted to them, the chief feature of which is to be exemption from the conscription. It is further asserted that they will only return to their allegiance when the faithful observance of such a firman shall have been formally guaranteed by the British government. This last condition is the greatest stumbling block to any visible settlement of affairs. The Porte, in any ass, could never submit to be dictated to by her own subjects in arms—it would be too humiliating, and would besides destroy at a blow that authority which it is her aim to recover and to establish on firmer bases. The other alternative, of a renewal of hostilities, threatens to be quite as disastrous. The country, already in a declining state, would be corn. pletely destroyed—the large army required to reduce the rebellious to obedience would find that when it obtained the victory it had conquered a heap of ,desolate ruins. In the meantime the activity of the traffic between this port and the interior has been resumed. Beyrout continues to be a rising place, owing to the presence of an ever-increasing European population, whose enterprise and industry do more towards civilisation than anything else. The natives, in self-defence, are obliged to emulate their example. The good people of our town were lately thrown into some co motion by the appearance of Iwo French steam frigates within a few days of each other. The one bad on board an attache of the French embassy, on his way to Jerusalem, and steamed off for Jaffa after holding some communication with the consul general of that nation. The excitable Bcyroutines looked upon this as a demonstration portending war in reference to the dispute about the Holy Places. The other steamer is to be stationed on the coast, and it would be well if an English man-of-war showed itself here now and then. Emir Effendi's arrival from the capital has also attracted some no tice. He is entrusted with various missions, all de signed for the good of the country ; namely—the in vestigation into certain abuses of protection afforded by some of the unsalaried foreign agents to rajahs of the Porte; the equalisation of taxes amongst the native population ; the sale of the government waste lands ; • the commutation of the tax called Virgou, hitherto imposed upon individuals, and its transfer to landed property ; and finally, Emir Effendi is said to be instructed to ascertain by what means the works upon the proposed carriage road from this place to Damascus can best be per formed. The want of such a road has long been felt, and it is to be hoped that the project will not be allowed to fall to the ground. European capitalists would find a safe investment for their capital in such 1 an undertaking ; cash is all that is required to set the work a-going. Surely the correspondent of one of the German papers was in joke when, lately, he de liberately informed the public that, in consequence of the Dense disturbances, the railway communica tions between Beyrout and Damascus were inter rupted. The bleeding backs of the mules and asses who now do duty until steam power relieves them, testify to the absurdity and incorrectness of such a statement. The Turkish post from Damascus, arrived this morning, brings intelligence of an instance of Drums vengeance having been wreaked on the Kurdish ir regulars—the consequence of the bloodspilliog men tioned above. A party of Druses felt in with a de tachment of these irregulars—or bashibozotik, as they are called—and immediately fought them, killing the son of the commander and five or six others. This encounter took place at a short distance from the city, and is, there is great reason to fear, only the commencement of a series of bloody reprisals and feuds which it will be difficult to extinguish. An extraordinary Tatar messenger had passed through Damascus, on his way from the capital to Jerusalem, and was the bearer, it is said, of a new firman, an nulling the one recently granted to the French, and which had been sent to the Holy City in charge of an attache. This would indicate fresh, and possibly very serious, complications of the question which is being battled out at Constantinople between the French and the Russian governments. THE BELLE HeNairrn.—An application was recently made to the Civil Tribunal for authority to expel an old woman named lienriette from an apartment on the fifth story of a house in the Rue Popincourt, which she pertinaciously refused to quit, though she was unable to pay any rent, and had no furniture of sufficient value to guarantee it. The tribunal granted the demand. About thirty years ago this woman, it was stated, was one of the most dashing courtesans of Paris. She had a fine house, kept carriages and horses, lived in splendid style, and spent enormous sums over her toilette. She was then known as the " Belle Henriette," and never drove out without seeing • number of the most fashionable dandies of Paris gallopping by her carriage side. For some years gold literally poured in upon her, but her extrava gance was so fearful that she spent every farthing. It is related of her that she one day gave a grand dinner to • large party, and caused bonbons wrapped in bank notes to be presentekto each guest ; and as the guests refused to take the notes, she collected them and threw them into the fire. In time her beauty faded, and the consequence was that her admirers fell oft, and her fortune diminished. She then had to sell by degrees her jewels and other valuable property, and when the money obtained therefrom wee exhausted, she sold all she had. She afterwards fell lower and lower ; until at last she was reduced to such a state of dreadful destitution that she could only wear rage, and was glad to earn a few pence by acting as charwoman. A GENERAL CAB FARE.—A mode of making cabriolets less objectionable vehicles in Leaden would be ti limit the charge (within a certain eisele, as in Paris) to one chilling only for two persons, and sixpence far every extra person or luggage. The operation would be similer to the penny postage, depend upon it, fur many would pie fee this to an omnibus for cheapness—and many more, when they knew at once what they had to pay. Thus the cab would be kept generally employed, even in fine weather, instead of standing half a day idling. For clean '. Leese and civility the name and number of the proprietor, ' I large inside, would prove partly, if not quite, effective.— ' Builder. MONTENEGRO. The strife about Montenegro is assuming serious proportions. Omer Pacha and the ltadika Daniel promise to become less than secondary personages in the drama. Austria, urged forward by an unseen hand, is to do the Czar's work, dismember European Turkey, and perhaps enrich herself with one or two of the provinces now subject to he Sultan. S uc h a t least are the doings openly discussed at the court of Vienna, and embodied in all the correspondence of the entire European press dated from the Austrian capital. George Petrowitch, cousin of Daniel, is still at Vienna, where he appears to be singularly wel come. hat promises may . have been made to him, and whether, as is asserted, Austria has engaged to defend the Montenegrin Ifrontier from Budua to Albania, it is impels , Bible to say. But certain it is that General Leinituren has been sent off to Constantinople by special steamer, with most urgent instructions, while the Austrian army of Dalmatia has been reinforced, until it now numbers between 25,000 and 30,000 men, a force preposterously out of proportion to the defensive needs of the frontier at any time, and espe cially so when each of the possible invaders has an enemy in hand. The latest movements in the war department at Vienna indicate immediate military action. On the 24th ult., two corvet batteries were sent from Vienna to the frontier, and two days after the regiment Constantine was ordered to ratter°, with all its equipments and field batteries. If English diplomacy be worth anything, now is its time. The house of Hapsburg appears willing to seize this comparatively safe opportunity. of paying the debt which she owes Russia for aiding her in 1849, by robbing Turkey, which did not aid the Hunga rians when the existence of the Austrian monarchy was in question. It will, however, be for the western powers to consider whether the important military and naval positions aimed at by the secret protection of Montenegro are to be quietly conceded to a power more Asiatic than European, because the ruler of Austria, the pretended bulwark of the west, has an account to settle with the Czar. . . . . It was reported at Vienna, on the 27th ult., that Col. Rose had been recalled from Constantinople. Austrian letters quoted in the German papers maintained that the victory obtained by the Monte negrins on the night of the 15th was important ; that the mountaineers, profiting by the complete dark ness which prevailed, surprised the camp, and scat tered the Turks in all directions. The !Montenegrins took seventeen flags, among them a sacred standard, ' called Alaj-Bariah, 180 cwt. of powder, 60 horses, and 317 Turks' heads. We have looked in vain for the record of this success in journals usually well informed and of decidedly anti-Turkish sympathies. These journals, on the contrary, represent the Mon tenegrins as fighting under a sanguinary discourage ment, and resting all their hopes on foreign succour. Thus the correspondent of the Russian organ, Der Lloyd, writes from the Narenta, Jan. 19, that the tide was going against the mountaineers, and scenes of horror enacted by the 'lurks were the order of the day. A private letter from Vienna, emanating from a well informed source, says :—" It is not true that any serious eng gement has taken place in Montenegro, since the recapture of Zabljak. Omer Paella is pre paring for a simultaneous and concentrated attack on different points, in order to subdue the Montene grins by a decisive blow. All the eastern parts have declared for Turkey, so that the remaining por tion is the other half of the country." CANADA. TORONTO, JAN. 17. The news from England by the lust two or three mails has excited various feelings of deep interest in Canada. The announcement on the part of tke late l)erby government by Sir John S. Pukington in the House of Commons, that the control of the clergy reserves would be kept in England, aroused much indignation among the reformers, while the conserva tives gave vent to rejoicings. A little later, the news of the overthrow of the Derby administration arrives, and the feelings of these two parties undergo a change. If the government of the Earl of Aberdeen main tain its ground, it will have to repeal the imperial Clergy Reserve Act of 1840, as all the members of the late whig cabinet are pledged to that, and the Earl of Aberdeen expressed opinions not many years ago in a despatch which would support the same view. _ _ It was understood that the Canadian government would pass a strong address during the approach ing session of the legislature in reply to the an nouncement of the Derby Governmect ' • but pro bably this intention may be altered, or much modified, in consequence of the accession of the new govern ment. Certain it is, however, that the reformers of Canada will earnestly press for the secularisation of the clergy reserves. The:conservatives, on the other hand, will leave no stone unturned to prevent such a When the announcement of Sir John S. Pakington first arrived, the language of the reform papers, foe the most part, was indignant; indeed, violent ; and might be literally taken for disaffection. In this respect it probably exceeded the actual feeling of the country. Nothing could induce the Canadians to turn from the career of improvements into which they have entered. They consider railroads of more paramount importance than politics. One of our city papers, the other day, made an amusing dissection of some Canadian news, which appeared in the columns of one of your contempora ries. There is a feeling in the colony that the people of the mother country are ignorant, to an unpardon able degree, of Canada, both as respects its condition and its magnificent resources. This feeling does not tend to draw closer the bond which ought to connect the mother country with her offspring, as the sense of neglect is not one which men can patiently endure. The Canadian legislature will commence its session in about three weeks, when several measures of im portance to the material interests of the country will engage its attention. In Upper Canada, many of the papers have kept up a war against the Canada Company for the dis missal of Mr. Jones, its late commissioner. Lord Elgin appears to be winning favours for his hospitality at Quebec. The weather has been unusually mild this winter. The bay opposite this city has not been frozen over; and there has been less snow than the farmers re quire. Some large lots of flour have been bought up for spring delivery and exportation. Superfine No. lat 21s. 6d. to 225. 6d. per brl. ; extra, 220.6 d. to 235. 9d. do. Wheat is sold at 4s. 3d. to 4s. 6d. per bushel, but millers do not show much inclination to pay over 3s. 9d. (These prices are currency, not sterling.) Provisions are high; prime mess pork sells at 14 dols. to 16 dols. per brl., and other kinds in propor tion. MURDEIt AT PRESTON.—The Town Hall of Preston was densely crowded yesterday (Monday) by persons anxious to hear the examinations in a case of murder com mitted at an early hoar that morning in Turk's Head yard. The name of the deceased is Thomas Wilcock, an itinerant nut seller, and the parties implicated in his death are James Pucker, also a nut seller, and Ralph Ireland, a journeyman joiner, both of whom appeared in the dock. John Atkinson, a bailiff, living in Turk's Read-yard, deposed that about firs minutes before two that morning being in bed, he heard some one exclaim," Thou shalt have it now for what thou haat done before." Witness immediately got up and opened his window, when be saw the prisoner Parker strike a man twice. The man fell down, abet never spoke afterwards. Some one cried ote for the police. Policeman Maclean came up, and then went for assistance, saying he believed the man was dead. On examination it wa• found that life was quite extinct. Wit ness was sure Park( r was the man who struck the deceased. He recognised Parker from having known him by sight. Witness could not speak to Ireland, the other prisoner, as he did not see him at the time of this occurrence. Saw Parker run away. The prisoners were remanded to await the result of a coroner's inquest. THE Pon op Irswien. —The following is the official report for this year :—Duties received, 24,n481. 18.. 10. Foreign vessels—lnward 117. tonns_e 10,303; outward 10. tonnage 1,008. Coasting vessels—(award 1,46 t, tons 110,323; outward 829, ton , 4.3,176. Compared with the previous year, the Customs' duties show a tailing , df to the extent of about 1,400/. ; the foreign trade inward an increase of 29 vessels and 4,422 tons ; the foreign trade outward an increase of 8 vessels and 684 tons; the coasting trade inward an increase of 124 vessels and 9,662 tons ; the coasting trade outward an increue of 44 vessels and 4,306 tons.—lpsscieh Express. _E