The Express. — London, England, 1853-08-23 00:00:00

fErPreiO• To • Negri 4.ltbs •1"11.• 001IW•i2 dew •.e., kV "'WSW pabholie4 ova, Twisday abl r IM 4 etirLit. :a time pg. itvigusealstallinia4 cu .• it. Enna." t w on t ooo t of won WM lie Oat" I Bo merle4aser„ Two e o l oo o or . too stoli WATKR AT VAIDON BRIDOS. TAN Day —Margin. 41k. Vs. ...--Allsruss. H. 7 s Tososse —Mamas. SI. 21a.. 11. 4ss. LONDON, TUESDAY, AUGUST 23. 71st: great trade now carried on with Australia excites much interest and some alarm, on mount of its rapid increase. The valor of our manufactures exported thither in 18.50 was 2,602,232 L, and in 1152, 4,222,205/. This does nut include brandy, Geneva, and other foreign products which we also send to the colonies. The returns of the exports of our manufactures published in the first half of the present year, though incomplete, show a great excess above the exports of 1832. It will, however, be read leettd that the great increase of the exports to Australia began in the latter half of last year, and it is not probable that the excess in the last six months of 1833 over the last six months of 1832 will be as great as tte excess of the first six months. Still enough is known—the value, for example, of the woollens exported to New South Wales, including Melbourne, South Australia, and Van Diemen's Land having been 67,2131. in the first half of 1832, and 462,3011. in the first half of 1833 —to justify the conclusion that the value of the exports in 1833 will be four or five times as great as in 1830, or they will reach the gnat sum of 10,000,0001. or 12,000,000/. This is exclusive of the specie sent to the amount of 6,000,0001. in exchange for bullion, and exclusive of the exports of commodities of foreign growth or production. The vast extent of our awe gate trade may make some persons look on this aro traffic with indifference; but, in fact, its growth is one of the marvels of the time, and its amount at present abort equals the eighth part of our whole trade in the year 1840. The exports from the Australian colonies have at tho same time very much increased. In the two years the gold has amounted to 16,430,000 i. The other exports may be put down et 1,500,000 i. a year, making, since the gold began to arrive—a period of twenty months—the value of the exports about 19,000,0001. They are more likely hereafter, as industry gets better orga nised under the new circumstances of the Colony, to be above than below 15,000,0001. a year, and likely to increase continually. There is good rea son, therefore, for the interest the trade now ex cites; and in Cie general apprehension which all statesmen feel at new and unanticipated circum stances they will find ground for alarm. For the mercantile community these circum stances teem with hope and satisfaction rather than with fear and discontent. An immense mass of new wealth is found in Australia; it sets in motion an im mense deal of new industry, and its products are a fair payment for all the enlarged imports into the colonies. It is no fictitious trade, but a real barter of gold, the produce of much digging and washing, and of wool and hides, the produce of much care and labour, fur cotton., and woollens, and silks, and beer, and ale, the valuable or exquisite products of our skill and industry. The market there may, from the eagerness with which men now ship goods to it from all countries, be overdone; a check may arise to exports; some parties may burn their fingers, but it is impossible that such a great new trade, ,oundtd on palpable wants in the two hemispheres, and on tangible wealth, should fail to enrich the world. The enterprise excited by the gold disco- veries may, in a few particular instauces, be die utrons, but the general stimulus they supply, rousing into unknown or unwonted activity the energies of in dustry in every civilised nation, must improve the habits and increase the productive power of all. It must be remembered, however, that all the newly-discovered wealth of Australia will not neces sarily none to England. The position of the coun try—much nearer to India, China, the Mauritius, the Cape of Good Hope, and the western coast of Ame rica than to England--and the wants of the people requiring great quantities of tea, sugar. spirits, and flour that cannot so readily be conveyed from our country—at once convinces us that other countries will largely share with us in the newly-found trea sures. Much of the gold which comes hither is in tended probably to pay for flour sent from the United States ; for brandy and wine sent from France or Span; or fur tea sent from China, or sugar sent from the Mauritius or the East Indies. The cost of transmitting the gold hither is small; from here, owing to the many ramifications of our commerce, it loftily diffused ; debts in every place can be paid with it, and it is a greet error to suppose that all which comes hither belongs to us, and comes exclu sively to pay for what we have sent to Australia. Silver, to illustrate this coarse by one example, is comparatively more valuable in Asia than gold, as gold is comparatively more valuable in London than in Calcutta, because here it is used us coin, and there it is not. To the injury of ourAustraliancolunies,which produce much gold, and consume much tea and sugar, the East India Company still prohibits the use of gold as money in Hindostan. The conse quence is that instead of gold being sent thither di rectly from Australia, it is sent hither to buy silver to be exported to India in its stead. All that comes from Mexico is bought for India. The Mint regula tions of India inflict a double injury on two classes of her Msiesre's subjects. They prevent the na tives of Hindostan from having a convenient gold currency, and they depreciate the va lue of the chief products of Australis. This is not right. Nobody could desire that the East India Company should take any arbi trary measure to reduce its debt by altering the standard ; hut it treats the tax-payers of India un fairly when with a kind of priggish honesty, of which it shows very little on other occasions, it re fuses to take the chances of the market and persists in maintaining a silver standard, because in that it contracted a debt. As a great trade is growing up betwixt Australia and India, it dots as great a wrong to the Australians by continuing to prohibit the use of gold coins as the Australians would do were they to prohibit the consumption of the productions of India. IVhat, however, it is espe cially necessary to impress on our readers frau this example is, that the gold of Australia comes hither in part to pay the debts of the Australians in other countries, and that it is a great error to suppose because it may all come hither that it will all remaia here. _ _ _ must inform the labourers of England, too, Low. %lir mufti their service, may now be in demand in Australia, that the conipamtive vicinity of that econ , trr ta Indic and China will expose them to couipetiti.m with the Chinese and the Ifindoo cou:its, who consume in cub day only a few handfuls of rice. Amongst the advertisements in a Sydney paper of May 9, we find the following: Perri' s r quirinz servant- nf the above description are requesie : to sie.ly at tic office ,t the anctersigned.—R. Tow Nn. Tnwns'• Whirl, `Jth ty 13 0 yr.urir able bulled men, 25 hay." Theis Denims arc not quite as reit adapted to the THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 23. 1853: with Wilgus:to, Bc. awaiting the stoppage of the train at all those plates. At 6 p.m. precisely the royal bridal train entered the station at Brussels. The corps diploinutigue, the Belgian ministers, the municipal authorities, the I judicial dignitaries, the representatives of various commercial and learned societies, a great number of military officers, with a host of the elite of the leaders of Belgium were in waiting to receive them. Speeches were delivered by the burgomasters of the commune, in which the station is situated, and of Brussels; the royal party entered their carriages and drove slowly through the thronged streets to the palace, where the King, the young Archduchess, the Duke of Brabant, sad the Princess Charlotte had exhibited themselves at the balcony. An immense prolonged shout from the multitude, heard above the clamour of all the bells and cannon in Brussels, terminated the proceedings about 7 p.m. The future Queen of Belgium is said to have ap peared, on landing at the Brussels station, " toute rayonnante de beaute et de jeunesse." The ceremony of the civil marriage had been fixed for an early hour on Sunday, but the Duchess was indisposed through the fatigue of her journey and the emotions she had experienced. It was therefore postponed till ODD p.m. The only places she appears to have visited ex route were the cathedrals at Cologne and Aix-la- Chapelle, both possessing a historical as well as an artistical interest for a German princess. The Belgian journalists are ecstatically eloquent on the honour and glory of having an Austrian Prin cess again to reign over them. This is natural : the house of Austria was so regardful of the liber ties and immunities of these provinces, so prompt and energetic in their defence against external aggression, from the time that Maximilian suppressed the liberties of Ghent, till the time when Joseph ll.'s meddling sowed the seeds of revolution, that the Belgians must be rejoiced to see their King taking shelter under the wings of the double-headed eagle. His Majesty, too, must be highly gratified to find himself no bogey the mere parvenu sove reign of the revolutionists of 1830, but a recognised member of the old Austrian family. The fruits of this alliance for the people will doubtless show them selves in good time. GERMANY. PRUSSIA. The Poet Ampt Gazette of Frankfort has the fol• lowing from Berlin, dated the 18th:—" It is certain that Baron de Manteaffel has offered his resignation to the King, but his Majesty ham not accepted it." AUSTRIA. The emperor's birthday was celebrated at Vienna by masses and military display on the 18th inst. The official portion of tho Wiener Zeaung of the 17th inst. contained an intimation that the state of siege is to cease in Prarue, and in Vienna and its suburbs, on the Ist of September. requirements of many masers as the services of European labourers, Li. they will supply their places when scarce, and will help in time to beat down wages to the Chinese level. In fact, one re markable consequence of this ;tew tr a d e i s t o equi ti es the condition of widely different nations. Australia is by no means exclusively dependent on England. and, though we have the lion's share of its trod% and though it is • new home foe ear enterprisio. people, they will have to compete *ore with the pro ducts of America, and the ; Mouses sad products of One very sound symptom of Models Australia is to be found in the publicity with which it is carried on. Sydney, Victoria, and South Australian papers all teem with advertisements of mercantile - sales. There is no &cal im pediment to this mode of doing business, and it is extensively resorted to. Where that takes place, much fraud, either on skippers or on buyers, can scarcely exist. Imported commodities are at once brought to the hammer, and the proceeds may be remitted home by the next packet. That mode of doing business relieves this trade from much of the danger supposed to attach to it. The time for making the returns is shortened, bad debts are avoided, and nearly all that can be lost is the difference between what a man hoped to gain and what is practically realised. Though only a part of the gold comes to us, the trade cannot be to any extent, nor for a long period, a losing trade. Let us make the most, therefore, of our good fortune, but, remembering the competition to which we are ex posed in Australis, let us act with reasonable discre tion. Tire orators and journalists who indulge in san guine expectations of a speedy and satisfactory termination of the Russo-Turkish embarrassments forget that they are the growth of many yearrs. The overweening pride of Russia has been fostered and dandled into its actual monstrous growth by the mistaken flatteries of more than a century; and diplomacy has gained for Russia one dangerous con cession after another from the Ottoman Government, till it is scarcely possible to deny her treaty-based rights to meddle in Turkish internal affairs whenever the fancy seizes her. The politicians of the west of Europe in their at tempts to conjecture what will be the course pursued by Russia ' constantly allow the entirely different constitution of Russian society from that of civilised Europe to escape their recollection. The Russian is either a serf or a servant of the State. The Russian, not in the service of the State, is illiterate and fana tical; ready to be led unhesitatingly into any cru sade to promote the ascendancy of his church, its saints, and its earthly bead the Emperor. The servants of the State—at least those of the higher and more influential ranks—are for the most part sceptical voluptuaries, and over head and ears in debt. The organisation of Russia is entirely military; even its universities are organised on a military footing, and placed under military authorities. The resources of Russia are limited; that State could not for any length of time carry on a war of aggression except by making the enemy hear the cost of it. The Emperor of RUSSIA has, therefore, at his command a nation that is an army ; the private soldiers inspired by fana ticism—their leaders by the desire and need of plunder to recruit their embarrassed finances. They will follow him wherever he leads. They would avail little in the invasion of countries like England or France; but they might ravage like locusts for a length of time the fairest provinces of Turkey, or even Germany. This mischievous and semi-barbarous Power, hang ing like a pestilential fog on the European frontier, is moved by a Government puffed up by the rival flatteries ',revery court in Europe for the last century. Every European Government has shrunk from a quarrel with a Power which might prove troublesome, and from a war by which there was nothing to be gained. The ostentatious deference paid it from these equivocal motives has naturally been received by a semi-bar barous Government as an expression of real fear. Ramis, in its overweening vanity, deems itself an overmatch for any nation upon earth. It is therefore certain that even if Russia is obliged at present to let go, reluctantly, its clutch of the Da nubian Provinces, the mortified vanity of the CZAR, the bankrupt condition of the nobles and high military officers, and the fanaticism of the lower order'', will prompt to an early renewal of aggressions upon Turkey. Plausible pretexts will not be wanting. The claims of Russia to patronise and protect the members of the Greek church, have been made her pretext on the present occasion. The privileges and immunities guaranteed by treaty to its trading subjects within the Ottoman dominions may be made the pretext on the next. The Porte, for more than a century in the leading-strings of Eu ropean diplomacy, has been induced to con cede to Russia a power of asserting im munities for Christians of the Greek rite, and any one who pleases to assume the character of a Russian trader, that co Government can safely allow another to exercise within its dominions. Unless these unwise concessions can be rescinded, Turkey r ill continue at all times to stand within the danger of its unscrupulous neighbour. It is on this ground that many think a war with Russia might eventually prove more advantageous for the Ottoman Empire than a peaceful termination of the pre sent imbroglio. A war would put an end to all existing treaties betweeu the two countries— a pacific termination of the present dispute would allow the heads of those hydras to grow up again immediately into poisonous strength. Be this as it may—let the dispute terminate by wordy negotiation or by blows—there is but one source of safety for the Ottoman Empire in the fu ture, and that is, a more jealous assertion of its independent actio • by the Ottoman Govern ment. The usurpation of powers by Russia, which no government can early delegate to another, ought to be cautiously but systematically and vigor ously checked. The latitude of interference usurped by the diplomatic colonies permanently established at l'tra ought sternly to be contioed within narrower limits. 'lle Porte ought to insist upon being master in its own house. Notwithstanding all that is said to the disparagement of the dominant race in ' Turkey, this is perfectly possible. The °manioc is nut a mere Turk : there is, in fact, more Greek than Turf:fah blood in his veins, and the Greeks who, ' in the course of four centuries, have by conforming • i to Sluhuminedanism been engrafted on the Osmanli • stock wen•, in fact, the most vigorous and aspiring of their race. Will the hands of the Osmanli•° be checked to the extent some imagine by the j jealousy of Christian subjects? Tim histm y of , I Transylvania and adj9iiii.l4 countries proves t' that their Christian ls)pu:atlons have repeat edly thrown themselves into the arms of the Osunudee, to escape the tyranny of Claisfian vi ers. The Osmanlee is neithe• incapable of conforming to 11 the spirit of the age, nor of gaining the euefidtime and affection of the other races among whom he lives and over whom he exercises au ascendancy. S►R FARREL/Jul: T►►Et►cEß, it is understood, is pint: to give the public " a fu:i. true and particular account" of the gr Smyth t►.tud. JIUSSIA AND TURKEY. Letter from the frontier of Poland to the 16th inst. are of a warlike tope. The continuous military preparations is Russia and Poland are in strange eontrast with the universal talk *Wit peace in the west. It is muttered that in the event of hostilities commencing between Russia and Turkey. Prince Gortchakutf will be superseded by another com- The administrative council of the kingdom of Poland has decreed the confiscation of the property of eleven political refugees. A political convict con demned to imprisonment for life has had his sentence modified—being permitted townie in Siberia for life. If the most strenuous efforts of German newspaper editors can demoralise the Turkish armies by repre senting them as undisciplined, sickly, and ill-fed, Russia would have an easy task of it in the came of war; and if the most strenuous efforts of the same worthies to sow distrust between France and Eng land could avail, the entente curdiale between those nations and their governments respecting the eastern question would be already at an end. A Vienna letter of the 16th, in a Frankfort jour nal, says:—" We have received from Belgrade news of a rebellion, on a small scale, having taken place in Servia. The object of it was to replace on the throne the son of Prince Itilosch." FRANCE. PARIS..MONDAT ETZNINO. Within a few minutes after the Emperor's arrival at Dieppe on Saturday evening, and before dinner, he went out of the Hotel-de-Ville on foot, and lean ing on the arm of an aide-dc-camp walked upon the sands. Later in the evening the Emperor and Em press appeared without any escort on the terraceln front of the baths. On Sunday they went out three times in an open carriage, going at a foot pate, so as to give the natives abundant opportunity to gratify their curiosity. After mass at the church of Saint Jacques they made an excursinn to the pretty valley and ruins of Argues, acx•mpanied by Mesdames F.ssling and Montebello, General de Mon tebello, and Colonel Finery. In the evening the company of the Paris opera performed the " Bailriere di Seviglia." It is believed that the Empress will stay at Dieppe three weeks. A great variety of fetes are spoken of, and it is said that English watermen from Brighton and Newhaven will be invited to take' part in the regattas. The absence of the Emperor, the court, and almost all the ministers, leaves Paris, politically speaking, even more dull than it has been for this long time st pa. The Bourse opened heavily, but about two o'clock a rumour that some good news relative to the Eastern question had been received was very generally credited, and caused a sudden rise. What the nature of the news may be, if any really hare been received, has not transpired with any degree of certainty. Some say the Emperor of Russia has consented to give guarantees of the evacuation of the Principali ties, while, according to another version, the Sultan has given his unqualified adhesion to the note of Vienna. M. A. Odier, Censor of the Bank of France, an ex-deputy and an ex-peer of France, has just died at his residence on the Boulevard Poissonniere. The rise in corn was general throughout France last week. The southern and eastern districts are those in which scarcity is most apprehended, and it is there that the principal purchases have been made. Orders from Languedoc come in thickly to Marseilles, and Burgundy, Lorraine, and Alsatia, send to buy both in the markets of Marseilles and Paris. Flour has risen in the latter market from 7fr. to Bfr. per sack. The stock of flour in the warehouses at the " Halle aux bles," which usually amounts to from 30,000 to 55,000 metrical quintals, is at this moment reduced to 15,000 or 16,000. Returns just received from th , : different market-towns around Paris show a general rise in Wheat since last week of from 2fr. to 2fr. 50c. per hectolitre. It is known that the price of bread will be raised 10 centimes at the end of the month. Although the new Wheat is deficient in quantity, it is said to be very good in quality. The average weight is 4 kilogrammes more than last year. This explains in great measure the difference between the prices of old and new wheat, the former being worth in Paris but from 38 to 43 the hectolitre, while the latter is quoted at from 43 to 46. According to the last accounts from Bordeaux, the intense uneasiness that prevailed on account of the grape disease has subsided. People even begin to hope that in some vineyards the crop will be equal to last year. The white vines of L'Entre•deux-Mere especially are looking very very well. Still wines continue to be in great demand at Bordeaux. In Champagne, Burgundy, and the Orleans country it is now hoped, should the weather continue propitious, that the vintage will be a fair one, both as to quantity and quality. The copious soft rains which were much wanted, have swelled the grape. At Nantes wines cannot be sold on account of the high prices asked; but a letter from a broker there expresses an opinion that holders will be soon obliged i to give way. re The train to Havre which Queen Christina was on Friday experienced a delay of an hour and a half. It appears that a locomotive going from Sotteville for the station of the Rue Verte, at Rouen, ran, in the tunnel of Beauvoisine, into a goods train pro ceeding slowly to Havre. Whether the conductor of this train did not hear the whistle of the locomotive, or whether the thickness of the atmosphere in the tunnel did not allow the driver of the locomotive to see the signal placed behind the train, the locomotive overtook the train and dashed into it. Fortunately no per-son was hurt, but two waggons were broken to pieces, and the goods which they contained scattered about. It was the time lost in clearing the line of the articles thus lying about which caused the delay in the passengers' train, as stated above. PARIS Boussz.—Closing Prices: Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 105 f. 30e. ; Three per Cents., 80f. 20c. ; Bank Shares, 2,850 f. BELGIUM. ARRIVAL AND RECEPTION OF THE DUCHESS OF BRABANT. The Duchess of Brabant arrived in Brawls on Saturday evening. Her Royal Highness had slept the previous night at Aix-la•Chapelle. At Ba. m. on Saturday morning she took her place in the railway carriage prepared for her. The Prussian authorities of the district were in waiting; and she was accompanied by a detachment of the Imperial Archer Guard (of the splendour of whose silver hel mats and white doeskin breeches the Belgian jour nalists cannot find words warm enough to express their admiration), but up to this point of her journey her Royal Highness travelled as a private individual. It was only after crossing the Belgian frontier that her progress assumed an official and sovereign cha racter. The Hotel Braley, in the environs of Verviers, had been fixed upon for the de!ivery of her roya: highness's person, by her Austrian attendants, to her spouse and father-in-law. To this end, the place had been declared neutral terri.ory for the time being. The declaration of neutrality was read by the imperial secretary, speeches were interchanged between the Belgian and Austrian plenipotentiaries, and authenticated copies of the proclamation were presented to each. In the meantime her royal highness had arrived (circa 11 a.m.), and rdired to change her simple travelling dress for a court costume radiant with diamonds Xing Leopold and his sons arrived a few minutes later, and the I)uke of Brabant was invested with the Order of the Golden Fleece. The Koval personages, after these preparations, entered the grand hull, and Count ('Sullivan de Gross Commissioner of the King of the Belgians), and Prince Schwarrenberg (Imperial Commiasioner),with formal sretches delivered over their young and hlontningoliarge to king Leopold. A receipt for the lady wvs duly made out, and placed in the hands I of Prince Schwarzenherg, several noblemen all gen tlemen were then invested with orders of knight hood; and the party adjourned to a soletnu break ! fast, at which they continued till 1 p.m. At 1 p.m. a railway train stomas! before the gar den of the Hotel Braley, and the royal family were accompanied to it by the family or their noble host, and took their places in the carriages prepared for tnem. Speeches at d addresses were inflicted on King Leopold and his fair daughter-in-law by the authorities of Verviers; and as they passed along the line by those of Liege, Tirlemoot, Louvain, and Maliues. There were also bevies of beautiful girls, RUSSIA. TEFLIS, JULY 15. The Russian government is preparing for another campaign against the tribes of the Caucasus. The operations will commence in the latter part of August. A flotilla is being armed in the Sea of Azof to support the movements of the army. INDIA. THE OVERLAND MAIL. TILIOPAPH.) TRIESTE, Avousr 22. The steamer Bombay arrived at half-past 2, p.m., 111 hours from Alexandria. The Indian Mail has arrived at Alexandria with dates from Calcutta 16th July, Bombay 20th July, Hoag-Kong 7th July. The King of Ave, being starved into submission, has sued for peace, set the British prisoners at lib erty, and requested that the river blockade may cease. The Governor-General has assented, and proclaimed peace, although a formal treaty has not been concluded. Trade in India dull, market easy. In China the Imperialist forces had attempted to regain Ching Kung Foo, but without success, not withstanding foreign aid. Markets dull. CANADA. TORONTO, Anourr 7. The most important Canadian news that I have to send you this week is an account of the wheat har vest. The yield of wheat this year in Upper Ca nada is enormously large, larger than has ever been known before—it averages forty bushels to the acre. The following reliable account of the state of the country is extracted from the last impression of the Daily Colonist, published in this city, which I may say agrees with private information I have obtained : In view of the great importance of the subject to most of our readers we have been at pains to collect accurate in formation relative to the state of the crops in Upper Ca nada. In the first place, to take the fall wheat crop. . All the accounts concur in stating that in every part of Upper Canada these are unprecedently large. Nobody remembers any year before when they were so large. A gentleman con nected with this office, well acquainted with the country, and well capable of forming a correct judgment, has just returned from a tour over that part of the country between Toronto and Kingston, and reports that throughout the whole of that section the average yield of fall wheat is 40 bushels to the acre. A gentleman in Buwmanville, whose experience and judgment we esteem highly, andwho maybe considered a good authority, states that it is his opinion, the fall wheat, for 10 miles around Bowmanville, averages more than 40 bushels to the acre. This gentleman also states that from the accounts which he has obtaiaed of the crop in other parts of the country, and, from a calculation which he has made, Upper Canada will have 4,000,000 bushels of wheat more for exportation this year than any former year. From the west we have information from a gentleman whom we consider a competent authority, and his accounts are of the same character u those which we have from the east. The country papers concur in making the same state went. We have also the same accounts from the north. We farther learn from these various sources that the wheat was never cleaner or better, nor the fields in better order. The harvest for the most part is now well secured. I need hardly add that fall wheat is the great staple of Upper Canada, or that this bountiful har vest is a source of great rejoicing to the inhabitants. A wheat harvest, yielding an average of 40 bushels to the acre over the whole country, is a remarkable fact, and you will not find any parallel to it in the much vaunted wheat-growing states of the neigh bouring republic. The spring crops, however, are far from being so good as usual. The " long continued dry weather, succeeding the continued cold and wet of the spring, has geuerally injured them, and been absolutely fatal t. them in some localities." Spring wheat is good as far as it goes, but it is a short crop. Not much, however, is sown. The other crops, such es hay, oats, potatoes, turnips, &m., are much injured. From Lower Canada the accounts are substantially the same, with the exception that comparatively little wheat is grown in that section of the country. The railways in different parts of the province are making rapid progress, and altogether the prosperity of the country is very decided. It was never so much so before, during the palmiest days of protection of colonial produce in the home market. This is a patent fact, and it dissipates those gloomy prognosti cations with respect to colonial ruin, that were enter tained by many respectable persons at the time of the passing of Sir R. Peel's free trade measures, and indeei for some limo afterwards. Lord Elgin, the governor-general, has made a trip to the Ottawa, and his progress was marked by de monstrations of respes:t. The ministerial organs say he is going home on leave of absence for a short time with Lady Elgin. The Lower Canada paper: confirm the statements of the i sistence of gold in their part of the country. I believe professional opinions are to the effect that there is sufficient to repay skilled labour, but not un skilled. We think, however, far more of our large ' wheat harvests than of the presence of gold. Some hid feeling still exists in reference to the Givitszi riots at Montreal and Quebec, and in the former of these pine(s a portrait of the mayor (who rendered himself very obnoxious on the occasion of ,these riots to the protestant population) has been ' mutilated. This portrait hung in the city hid). No steps have yet been taken to bring the homicides to justice for the shooting of peaceable citizens on the tith of June. In politics there is nothing to relate ; the country is sore occupied with railroads and material im provements. Mr. Stevenson, M.P., the engineer, is daily ex pected, on a professional visit in connexion with the Grand Trunk Railway, and the construction of a tubular bridge across the St. Lawrence, opposite Montreal. This bridge, when made, will be the most magnificent work on this continent. Trade is generally good, and the prices of produce rule high, but these are not fixed, principally in con sequence of the uncertain accounts recently received from home. A good deal of speculation is going on in land, and the price is very high. The weather is very dry, and has been so for some time. THE AUSTRALIAN GOLD FIELDS. (FROM ♦ COKILZSI OEELONO, MARCH 12, 1853. In my last letter I endeavoured to give you some idea of the labour of gold seeking, and the great uneer tainty of getting anything like a prise sufficient to compen sate for the privations consequent to the life of • digger. Three months have elapsed since I first arrived at Ballarat, during the whole of which time I have been sinking holes of various depths, varying from 12 to 20 feet, with a run of water requiring from one to two hours' bailing out each morning, and yet I am so far an unsuccessful digger, and but for the chance of some day getting a return fur my labour, I would forthwith bid adieu to the gold fickh for ever. I purpose, however, returning to my tent at Ballarat the end of this week, and to winter there, in hope of suc cess, for there is no disguising the fact, that some do suc ceed and make a large sum in a very short time. Only last week I marked out a claim 8 feet by 16, and at the same time a party of three Scotchmen marked out one adjoining. I got down, and found but a few pennyweights; my friends, " the northerns," took out of a small pocket in the pipeclay bibs. of gold; and although they tunnelled foe 10 feet under ground, not another grain of gold could they find. This I cite as one instance amongst many of the great uncertainty attending gold seeking. You will shortly have the great wonder of this golden age, the Canadian gully nugget. I saw it almost when it was hot from mother earth, and a very fine specimen it is for geologists to talk and write about. The fortunate finder. of it took up an old hole, and began to sink it (the pre vious owners having deserted it after sinking it about 36 feet, and not finding bottom, they got out of spirits with it, as every one then said the gully was worked out), and richly have they been paid for their trouble. One came out in the Great Britain, and, being rather " hard up," was taken as a mate to work the hole, two not being found sufficient. On the news reaching Mount Alexander, Bendigo, and even the tar north, Ovens, such a rush came that claims for nearly two miles were marked out, each fancying, I don't doubt, but that a similar prize was in store for him. The result, however, of so miny coming to the gully is that the run of gold has been again discovered, and for some distance large returns are being made; and well do the diggers deserve it, fur the boles run about 60 feet deep, and 40 feet of them arc thickly slabbed, to prevent the water from undermining the sides, besides large quantities of water being baled out night and day ; but where one strikes upon the gutter, fcr such it really is, in the pipe clay bottom, 20 are disappointed. A friend of mine, a Canadian, who had the naming the gully, was offered 7 lbs. of gold, or 2801., for the hole he was sink ing ; so sure did it seem that he was on the line, he refused the offer, and when he got down, to his loss and discomfort he found he was within 18 inches of the prize, out of which a patty of sailors were making their 401. each daily. Soon the winter rains are expected, which will again set men sinking in dry places, for without water nothing can be done at gold digging, the process of puddling and tin-dish- Mg the stuff being indispensable. I regret to say that murders are greatly on the increase about Ballarat, and it se. ma to call fur explanation how such can happen in broad day, when the police are said to be about in every direction. Much vigilance, however, I know is not exercised. A very loose kind of justice is administered, tending in no way to fortify one with any high opinion of legal dignita ries, or their mode of holding the balance. Inquests en men who die at the diggings are • most complete farce. I attended one, and was obliged plainly to tell the commis sioner that to take no evidence, and be only surrounded by men in his own service, was simply a display of men and horses, and nothing like the manner such matters should be conducted. He saw the great absurdity, and then took evidence, and made something like a ceremony of the mat ter. In Geelong and Melbourne great speculation is going on is land, and the railway mania in England scarcely equalled the land mania in this colony, the most extrava gant prices being given for small portions of land, Ire. quently such patches bringing higher prices than the same extent of ground would sell for if situate in Lombard-street or Cheapside. Much of this land was purchased originally from the government at 30s. the acre, and now as much as 2,0001. have bees gat for the same, if situate in the town or vicinity to it. I attended a sale to-day, and saw 601. per foot given. Champagne breakfasts are supplied, and moat freely do some partake of the same, whether they bid or not. After addressing the Postmaster of Melbourne several times, I have at lut succeeded in getting my letters from England. One came by the Great Britain in November, and on the 10th of March the letter has come to hand. Such scenes occur in front of the Post-office sufficient to disgust any one at the very sloveuly manner in which the business of the office is conducted. I wonder some efficii-nt person is not appointed to sweep out this Augean stable. A person well up to the postal business in Eoglaod would be invaluable. I know several merchants in Melbourne who complain most bitterly of the difficulty they have with all persona connected with the office. On my road from Ballarat through the bush to this town an incident worth relating took place. About half way is a public house, known as Rice's. Having slept the night at the house, and passed a most agreeable evening with some half-dozen persons, all more or less to appearance re spectable, at the breakfast table next morning we all met before taking our different roads. Judge of my surprise to see some half-dozen troopers ride up sad secure four of the party. On inquiry I was told I had chummed with some of the most desperate bushrangers, and that the four were taken for their part in a most brutal murder at Bates's Ford, about a week previous; one of the party being known 1111 the person who assisted, if he did not really per. petrate the murder. On their person was found the watch and gold-dust bag belonging to their victim. Such are the pleasant bits of life often met with here. They had been tracked by the natives for some days. It is marvellous the facility the natives have in following the track of men or beasts. If cattle stray, which is often the ease, only give a native a stick of tobacco, and he will speedily give you the direction and even locality where the cattle are to be found. THE CHOLERA. The official returns at Copenhagen, to the 14th of August inclusive, announce 6,93/ cases of cholera since the appearance of the epidemic, 3,7.36 of which have been fatal. In Stockholm the Gazette daily announces addi tional ports, the vessels arriving from which are to be subjected to quarantine on suspicion of cholera. The last places on the list are Danzig and all l'rus sian and Mecklenburg harbours, and Archangel and all Russian ports on the White Sea. Reports f;om St. Petersburg represent the disease raging there as presenting symptoms peculiar to cholera blended with those characteristic of yellow fever. THE REPRESENTATION OF STANFORD.—Mr. Hcr ries has issued a parting address to the constituency, in which he say.:—" When I last solicited the honour of representing you once more in parliament, I entertained the hope that, notwithstanding my advanced age, there remained enough to me of health and strength to enable me to devote Ova attention to your inter sts and to the public business of the Horse of Commons which so important • trust would impose upon me. I have since that time been visited with streee indisposition, and I am compelled by the effects of it, and by the growing infirmities incid, ntal to increasing years, to withdraw from a position the duti e s of which I conscientimsly feel that I can no longer discharge with credit to you and with satisfaction to myself." Lord E. G. C,cil is the only candidate iu the field. In his address to the electors tie states that it is his desire to uphold the Wattle political principles as those so ably and consistently ad vocated by Mr. Hen ice, " though of course," he adds, " not objecting to make such cautious change', as lapse of time, or improvement , in science, or the dispensations of Providence may render necesssry." ABOLITION oF MASTERS EXTRAORDINARY IN CIIANCERV.—An act of parliament has just been printed abolishing Ma:yrs Extraordinary its Chancery, and giving them tho yew title of " Commissioners to administer oaths in (al:merry in England." 'Ube court. OSBORNE, Aro. .!2. Ilvt. Majesty and Prince A:b ert , the Prince of Wale., the Princess Royal, and Etinee.4 attended by the ladies and gentlemen in waiting, w,ot to Wt.,pon,tharn pari.h church yesterday morninv, where the R. v. ii‘orge, Proffitt-0e performed the service. Lord and Lady Juhn Rumlt family let town yesters day for Roseneath, Dumbsrton.liire. Sir William and Lady Molesworth left town yesterday foe Dublin. _ Earl and Countess Granville left town yesterday. Lord Stanley of Alderley left town yesterday for Dan. held on a visit to Lord Pannsure. Despatches were received at the Colonial-office yesterday front the Governor-General of C ana d a , an d from the Lord High Cummissioner of the lonian Islands. DEPARTURE OF THE CHANNEL AND ROYAL SQUADRONS FROM SPITHEAD. PORTSMOUTH, Accrer 22. The Channel squadron, under the orders of Rear Admiral Corry, got under weigh at Spithead this morning, and sailed or a cruise. This squadron connate of the Prince Regent, 90, flagship, Captain Hama ; Queen, 116, Captain Michell ; Amphion, 3i. screw steam frigate, Captain A. C. Key ; &don, 22, paddle steam frigate, Captain Goldsmith: Valor sus, 16, paddle frigate, Captain Buckle ; Leopard, 12, paddle frigate, Captain G. Giffard ; and Vulture, 6, paddle frigate, Captain Glasse. They all went away under sail, though they had but light and variable winds. The Royal squadron to be in attendance 0 2 the Queen during her ♦isit to Scotland, also left Cowes Roads last night. This squadron consists of the Victoria and Albert, royal yacht, flag of Commodore Lord Adolphus Fitzclarence, G.C.11., Captain Crispin ; Tribune, 30, screw frigate, Captain the HOD. S. T. Carnegie ; En. counter, 11, screw frigate, Captain O'Callaghan; Barra. couta, 6, paddle sloop, Commander G. Parker; Banshee, 3, despatch vessel, Lieutenant commanding Ilosken; Black Eagle, Admiralty yacht, Master commanding Pettey ; and Fairy, tender to the royal yacht, Master commanding Bal. liston. By the death of Admiral of the Fleet the Right llon. Sir George Cockburn, 0 C.B , Lord Adolphus Fits. nlarence attains the rank of Rear-Admiral of the Blue, and shafts his flag accordingly. The liighilyer, 21, screw frigate, Captain Moore, came into harbour this morning to rec.-ive a new jib-boom, &c., having accidentally got into collUicn with the Odju, stcSIII frigate, at Spithead. The Conflict, screw sloop, was taken out of dock this afternoon, the injuries received by her in getting on shore in Stokes Bay being found to be unimportant. By the above-named movements of the squadrons under Rear-Admiral Cony and Commodore Lord A. Fitzclarence, the Spithead fleet is reduced to the following, still however a powerful squadron :—Duke of Wellington, 131, screw three-decker, Commodore 11. B. Martin, C. B.; Agamemnon 91, screw two-decker, Captain Sir T. Maitland, C.B.i London, 90, Captain C. Eden ; Blenheim, 60, screw guard ship, Captain the Hon. F. T. Pelham ; Edinburgh, .58, screw gunnery ship, Captain Hewlett ; Imperieuse, 80, screw frigate, Captain Watson; Arrogant, 46, screw fri. gate, Captain Fremantle ; Magicienue, 16, paddle frigate, Captain Fisher ; Odin, IG, paddle frigate, Captain F. Scott; Desperate, 8, screw corvette, Captain Chambers; Vesuvius, 6, paddle sloop, Commander It. A. Powell; with the Vul can, screw transport, Commander Von Dow (about to convey detachments of artillery to the West Indite); and the Prussian corvette Amazon. DEATH OF ADMIRAL SIR GEORGE COCKBURN. Not only the navy and army, but the general public, will learn with great regret the death of one of the ablest and most distinguish-d ofll.:crs that ever wore the royal naval uniform, the Right Hon. Sir George Cockburn, Bart., G.C.8., F.R.S., Admiral of the Fleet, Major Gene ral of Marines, and Rear-Admiral of the United Kingdom. Sir George Cockburn was confessedly the " Wellington" of the navy, and, like his illustrious brother officer, has lived to the great age of 82. As lieutenant with Hallam at Toulon, as captain of the Meleager with the immortal Nelson on the coast of Italy, and carrying Nelson's own broad pendant in his frigate, Miaerve, at the cap ture of one frigate, and in an action with another, he i became a hero before lie was 21 years of age. His name then became associated with Jervis at the battle of St. Vincent, and then for the subbcquent five years his course was one of continuous bard fighting and glorious success. Then, as commodore, his scenes of bottle and victory were ashore ; and, as a flog-officer, he became a scourge, as his name became a u trot to the United States. It was Sir George Cockburn's daring achievements that mainly contributed to the terml , ,'ion of the American war, and it was he who re-estab:•:,,cl that naval suprc macy all over the world which h..d heen too successfully questioned on many Orellsimn , by our then transatlantic enemies. It was Sir G. Cockburn who was selected to take charge of Napoleon on his pasrage to St. Helena, and had the good fortune to be considered a "gentleman" by the great es-Emperor. He was a junior member of the Board of Admiralty so early as 1818, under the Tory go vernment, in whose political principles he coincsiled. Io 1828 be was re-appointed, and again whilst Commander in-Chief in the West Indies he was nominated senior mem ber of the Admiralty under Lori Da Grey. Before he returned to England, however, S,r R. Peel had resigned, and Sir George was out of office until the advent of Sir R. Peel to power in 1841. From that time until 1846 Sir George was chi senior naval lord. THE GALLERY OF ILLCSTRAI lON, REGEST STREET. It was considered a happy idea of the exhibitors of the Diorama of the Ocean Mail, that in the midst of the interest excited by the Eastern question they made a beau tiful view of Constantinople a kind of prologue to the series of pictures of the sea route to India and Australia. It has been since thought equally apropos to the presumed settle ment of that question to add the pictorial illustration of St. Petersburg, to succeed the representation of the capital of the Turkish empire. This picture was exhibited for the first time last night, and was justly ad mired. Of course it would not be easy, considering the size and the nature of the site of that city to give a very extensive view of St. Petersburg; but a point has been chosen which gives a very adequate notion of that gran deur of structure, and those magnificent ranges of build ings for which the city of the Czar is so celebrated. The view is by night, and the spectator looks on the fruzen Neva with a bridge of boats in the distance. The right space of the picture is occupied by a lengthened quay, along which are spread in long continuity the Winter Palace of the Emperor, the Hermitage, the Imperial. Theatre, and the Marble Palace, beyond which the faint outline of an equally imposing architectural display is just discernible in the semi-obscurity of a northern moonlight. In the back ground the domes of several churches are just visible, while on the left bank of the Neva, some snow-covered houses of mailer pretension, well lighted by the lamps placed along the quay, serve to bring out the opposite shore and its buildings in very happy contrast. Enough of ani mation is given to a night scene by a few sledges, and horsemen on the river, and footpassengers on the quays. Altogether the picture is most effective, and has about it • severe beauty for which the soft but rich colouring of the previous representation of Constantinople is an appropriate preparation. The diorama of the Ocean Mail which fol lows, seems to have lost none of its attractions. ROYAL ASSENT TO RAILWAY BILLS.—On Friday the royal assent was given to the following hills .—Boston and Midland Counties, Severn Valley, South Wales (de viation), London and North Western and Buckingham shire, Harwich and Pier, Banbridge, Dublin, Newry, and Belfast; South Wales (power to purchase and Pemb-oke line), Liverpool, Crosby, and Southport; Word, Worces ter. and Wolverhampton (extension of time) ; Welliugton and Severn Junction—London and North Western (Crews to Shrewsbury), Coleford, Monmouth, Usk, and Panty ' pool ; Warrington and Altrincham, North and South Western (Hampstead and Ci.y Junction), Eastern Union, and East Indian. _ AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS.—Yesterday a parlie mentaty paper was printed conta'ning some information on sericulturel statistics in Scotland. It appears that on the 20th May last, in the three counties of Roxburgh, Redding tun, and Sutherland there ware 1,319,024 imperial acres, and the number of arable was 276,110 41-60. In Redding ton there were 373 machines used for agricultural purje..es, of 1.988 horse power. THE LIM BRIBERY COMMISSION.—On the occa sion of the fifty-seventh day of meeting of the commissioners List week to receive the evidence of Mr. J. Brown, of Ressington, one of the candidates at the election in 1847, it limo ors that " s couch and pillows " were brought into the "smoking room," and the learned commissioners having taken their teats, the Chief Commissioner was wheeled tato the room in an easy chair, aed the examination was then proceeded with. PARLIAMENTARY ELECTORS FOR OXFORD AND CAM URI Lai z east - rtes.—The following provision in a us w Bet of parliament, just printed, will prevent the recur . nnee of 16 days' polling, as took place in the electim the present Chancellor of the Exchequer for Oxford Um. versity :—" At any election of a member or members to serve in parliament for either of the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, the tolling shall not continue for more than live days at the most, Sunday, Christmas Day, Good Friday, and Ascension Day being excluded,"