The Express. — London, England, 1847-08-28 00:00:00

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Tux proceedings of Count RADErxxxv and Marshal AUERSPERG, at Ferrara, call for unqualified repro bation. By the 103rd article of the treaty of Vienna the Emperor of AUSTRIA reserved the right to place garrisons in the citadels of Ferrara and Comachio. The Roman court protested in vain against this viola tion of its rightsof territorial sovereignty ; but hitherto the Austrians have at least had the decency to confine themselves within the precincts of the citadels, and this is in exact accordance with the words of the treaty. On the 17th of last month, however, under pretext of some squabble between the citizens and troops, a body of Austrian soldiers marchel Into the town of Ferrara, and patrols were kept moving about the streets, in spite of the protest of Cardinal CIACCIII. The Austrian ncroachmenta did not stop here. Marshal AVERSPERG addressed • On the Bth inst. letter to the Cardinal-g,. _...0r expressing surprise at Geeing the post at the prison entrusted to the national guards, and intimating his intention, if this arrange ment was not changed, to occupy the principal 'guard with Austrian troops. And his unjustifiable demand not being complied with, the marshal, by the orders of Count RADETZKEY, actually put his threat in execution. The Semaphore de Marseilles of Monday last, men tions a private letter from Leghorn addressed to a mercantile house in Marseilles, which stated that so great was the irritation excited throughout the Ro- Fuqua by this piece of Austrian insolence, as to have induced the Marshal to withdraw the troops into the citadeL It is to be hoped that this is the case : the retreat would indicate indecision and fear on the part of the enemies of constitutional free dom. Still, the violation of en independent territory has been perpetrated, and avowedly with the inten tion of deterring its sovereign from carrying out a liberal policy in his internal government. The ru mours implicating Austrian emissaries in insurrec tionary movements at Rome—the stories about the concentration of Austrian troops towards the Italian frontier—may be fictions; but the gross infraction of international law at Ferrara, and its object, are =- questionable facts. It is well that the determination of the Austrian cabinet to oppose, by arms, if necessary, the progress of liberal government in the states of the church, and crush the national spirit of Italy, has thus pre maturely. betrayed itself. Light is thereby thrown on the intentions of Austria, both with regard to Italy and Switzerland. The Austrian government es q u irk a atom lates with apprehension the growth of free nations on its frontiers. It is alarmed at the • • prospect of perfected national organisation in Switzer " land; of unity among the Italian princes, and a better anderstanding between them and their subjects. To frustrate the one and the other, the court at Vienna will spare neither underhand intrigues nor appeals to military force, unless she can be convinced that some .counteracting power is in the field too strong for her to cope with. Where is that force to be found? Not in Franca, where the government, though now compelled by the popular sentiment to profess respect for the reforming Pope, and dislike of the proceedings of Austria, has sail enough to show the hollowness of these profes sions. Not in Freesia, which by land is too re mote, and which has no navy. Not in the unaided atriotism of Italy. The uiliabitaats both of the • and -Rohl& dates declsof their readi ness to march en masse to the frontier if need be, and we doubt neither their sincerity nor their oeurage. But modern wars are not finished by coups-de-main ; in them the victory is ultimately to the government which possesses the longest puree and the most numerous disciplined army. In neither of these respects can the Italian states compete with Austria. But any government equal in power and resources to Austria, and sincerely desirous to avert war, yet at the same time assert the cause of national independence, may, by leaguing itself with the liberal cantons of Switzerland and the independent Italian states, cement the union which ought to exist among them, and, by the mere demonstration, awe the court of Vienna into acquiescence in the progress of events. The French government, we have already said, cannot be relied on for this service. Its professions are hollow : its heart is not in the cause. But such a course of policy is the especial Mission of an English government. England cannot be suspected of designs of territorial aggrandisement on the Con tinent. England, moreover, is known to be bent upon a pacific policy, and the extension of its commerce with all countries—with Austria in particular. The countenance of England would inspire the Swim cantons and Italian states with confide's°, that in her alliance they wero safe from aggression, and this sense of security would allow any ruing effervescence of the popular temper to subside, and preclude the possibility of any . demonstrations that might give umbrage to Austria, and afford that wer a pretext for attacking them. On the other d, Austria knows the power and resources of England, and is thoroughly awake to the importance of extended and extending commercial intercourse with oar country. By identifying itself with the liberal Swiss cantons and the Italian states, England has the power to render impossible that European war of which the risk appears, at present, so =mi. nent. Entertaining these views, it is with sincere pleasure we learn that Lord Pstmensron's communications to the Swiss Vorort and the papal government have been both cordial and explicit. There is, however, one step which remains to be taken, which would place the intentions of the British cabinet beyond a doubt, and have a decisive effect at the present mo ment—THE APPOINTMENT OF AN ENGLISH ENVOY TO THE ROMAN COURT. A GRAVE responsibility will rest on the metropo litan authorities if a strict investigation is not insti tuted into the truth of the allegations made respecting the Cricket and the other two boats belonging to the game company. These allegations arc so definite, and preferred so boldly, that the popular excitement can only be allayed by their being thoroughly Be they true or false the so-called Conservancy of the Thames cannot escape censure for neglect of duty in having hitherto taken no steps to ascertain the character of the boats in question. Their mere appearance was sufficient to suggest a suspicion that the ability to run them at such a low rate of fares must have been obtained by purchasing at a nominal price vessels and engines which other companies con scientiously shrunk from using. And statements impugning the security of the engines have been in print for gems time. We have no very implicit faith in the efficiency of official inspectors. Accidents may and will happen under the beet system of inspection that can be ar- ZzL But there are cases of glaring ahmeind e t to the lives and limbs of the citizens int asp competent inspector could overlook ; and a pressman polies that would check such recklessness wadi dimi nish the number of catastrophes like that whisk yes terday appalled all London, although it might not en tirely prevent their occurrence. But to every representation that has been made on the subject of the river boats at the Mansion-house— by letter or personal application or in the columns of newspapers—the only reply his been an imbecile 6 , What can we do r—that would have been laugh able had not the grave character of the evil left un checked rendered ft provoking. If these civic dig-. to the task of taking doe eddy. let them relinquish Ns have not the grace to do to. Tan re-pas-mut of the weed advanced to Ireland under the Trimpsear: Beal Bill will necessarily weigh he a tints epos the rooftrees of the various pospiaw miens lathe atm sanely. Their difficul ties, however, will he am* ; and with proper exertions on*, part of the ss7 of Ire land there can bias Mitt that the sedition of the country will be esesidurably ispoved. But in order to pay the inemined rating required for repay ment, the proprietors ot the soil must bestir themselves, and net attempt to throw all their social burthens upon the executive ant. Irishmen mast Lava Bove to help themselves. The pay ment of taxation will t in thus. as it has given le, mem useful pastiest loom is mummy. It will age them to enterprise and assamese. It will com pel them, despite of their habitual apathy, to labour I steadily for useful practical idveoim and not go in chase of mere sentimental objects. nough last, not least, it will teach them to look sharplyafter public ex penditure and accounts. Like adversity tor indivi duals, so taxation for nations, " weareth • precious , jewel in its head." We should be sorry, for the sake of Ireland, if the government remitted the payment of the money ad vented last year to the Irish during the famine. We are convinced that without the stimulus of taxation there will not be the requisite exertion made by the landed classes in Ireland. See how shamefully inactive have been the vast body of the Irish proprietors ! They are constantly craving oar assistance for loans. Well, we have offered them a loan of one million and a half of money under tke Land Improvement Bill. That money has been offered on the most advantageous terms to the borrowers. How much, up to the present time, have the Irish proprie tors applied for ? The return tells us. Only two hundred and seventeen thousand pounds ! The mere idea of regular repayments frightened them from the plan proposed by government, with the consent and approbation of the most intelligent men of all parties. We cannot even coax the proprietors of Ireland to make exertions for themselves. They have allowed the Drainage Bill, as far as regards the practical im provement of the country, to remain a dead letter. They have not availed themselves of the facilities af forded for them by the legislature. As much money as we will give them, the Irish proprietors are ready to receive, but when the topic of repayment is broached, then they recede, even from the most liberal proposals. With a proprietary so lazy and apathetic, it will be come • matter of necessity on the part of government to be urgent in demand of repayment of money ad vanced to them. They can set up no claims in equity for exemption from their engagements. In saying this, we feel strongly for the condition of those classes in Ireland who are industrious and hard-working. Nor have we any hesitation in saying that if any mode of taxation can be pointed out by which they would be relieved, ever, to the disadvantage of the neglect ful and unenterprising proprietors, it ought to receive a favourable consideration. The Poor Law Commissioners ought not to allow themselves to be turned aside from their course by the exaggerated difficulties which will be pleaded in excuse of the unions refusing to pay their engage ments. Only one course is open to them ; and the country has a right to expect that government will see that the commissioners do their duty with firm ness, however irksome it may be. Meantime it is en couraging to find that the threats of resistance to the order of the commissioners for striking a rate for the repayment of relief advanced, have not been persisted in. A large and important meeting of the Fermoy poor law guardians was held last week. The ques tion of repudiation was actually introduced. It ie painful to reflect who the parties were who lent them selves to this attempt. They wore two of the largest proprietors in Munster; they were both members of the legislature—the Earl of MOUNT CASHEL and Mr. BURKE ROCHE. We are surprised to see Lord MOUNTCASHEL lending his name to such a proposal. His lordship deservedly enjoys the name of a good . landlord; and all his antecedents warrant the opinion that he would never countenance I injustice in his private transactions. We regret, therefore, to find him amongst those who support re- I sistance to the rates ; though it is re-assuring to recollect that in public matters the noble peer has always been on the beaten side. On the catholic question ; on parliamentary'reform ; on the Irish corn laws ;on poor laws—on all impittfitnt . quatidns, public opinion and the legislature lave invariably , ruled against his loril i ghip,an4 now, stem is his poor-law union, he was in a minority of the as nem]. On its being proposed to confer with the guardians of other unions with a view to organise some resistance to the rates, only seven supported the propmition, while thirty guardians voted against it. The prevailing sentiment of the meeting now ad verted to was practical, and an accommodating spirit was manifested. Too much stress was, how ever, laid on the original plans of the government as placed before parliament at the beginning of last session. Between the introduction of measures and their parliamentary enactment there is a wide difference. In the course of a session there are necessarily vari ous compromises, alterations, and sometimes even total changes. A ministry must concede in this diree tion if it is to gain support in another quarter. So it always has been, and so it always will continue, in the legislature. It is not to what ministers said, but to what parliament bas done, that persons entrusted with authority must look. It was quite clear to all parties, at the end of last session, that some security should be effectually taken for proving to English public opinion that Ireland both would and could re pay the advances made to her. No one will charge Sir JAMES BRALIAM with any hostility manifested during the last session to the Irish proprietors. Yet we remember the right honourable baronet most urgent and emphatic in his recommendations to ministers that a rate should be struck this year. He laid special stress on the importance of having the rate struck daring the present twelvemonth. Between the legitimate carrying out of any par ticular law and its rigid and pitiless enforcement there is • wide difference. Nor will any reason able government be blind to that difference. But they must be met in a proper spirit of practical accommo dation. Any attempt to beard and bully the govern l i - ment on such a subject must end in results disastrous to the Irish people. We trust that we shall not hear any more intimations of such a coarse being medi tated. In an adroit and well-reasoned speech, one of the guardians at Fermoy disposed of Lord MOUNT CASHEL'S proposed amendment. With regard to a meeting in Cork," said Mr. CARROL, " he apprehended it would be a dangerous course—first, to refuse to perform their engagements, and then to organise a passive resistance; it was a defying of the government, which would put them upon the necessity of dissolving the board, and appointing paid guardians." And that result must undoubtedly take place if the poor-law guardians shrink from their obvious line of duty. In dealing with the guardians and with the whole question of Irish poor laws, we must remember that in Ireland the poor . laws are an absolute novelty. The habits of society in that country are not yet prac tically adjusted to the new institution fee the relief of the poor. " Glovernmenhi," said Sir JAMES MACK INTOSH, ' grow, and are not made." There is no making a government of any particular department all at ono°. Habits are necessary. Hence, we can not expect a new institution like poor laws to work smoothly in Ireland all at once. All that government can do is to prevent the poor-law system from being uprooted. To plant it firmly in the country, and to lead the Irish to adjust their habits to it, will be good work for this generation of statesmen. The hardships of the new system will be felt at first. Bat an age of peace in Ireland and the ammunition of capital will introduce a buoyancy that will emilile society amongst our fellow-subjects to rise under dos grievous pressure that now weighs upon them. It is only now that society is being placed in that island on its proper basis. It is only now that parliament is legislating for the condition of the 'masses. The I selfishness of interested parties will endeavour to' thwart that course of legislation. Unable to cope in debate with the advocates of comprehensive improve mental, they will seek to nullify the decisions of par liament by striving to turn the new law into a dead letter. Such men must be encountered with calm and steady resolution. The legislature has antici pated the case of resistance to the principle that the property of Ireland meat ,be responsible for its poverty. It has armed the government with all the requisite powers. And those powers mast be had re course to, if the poor-law guardians in Ireland talk el repudiation. But we hope and believe that they will be better, advised. '• I sri; checked renaerea it prwunusti. A& la Marko ere incompetent to the task •yn for the pub& safety, let tl • it to he can. If they lave not tare must be appealed t s olSk "i f l ' oe . - a. • • IP. THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY' EVENING, AUGUST 28, 1847. Time example is better than meet* few will con trovert, and to nothing is the maxim more applicable than to rural affairs. Now, for room years past, the precepts given by the landowners to their tenants upon the treatmeat of labourers in hinkandry have been overflowing with philanthropy. Few landed mag inates, since the league agitation attained a strong head, have sat down at agricultural meetings without uttering most earnest and solemn injunctions to te nant-farmers to pay their labourers good wages, and look after their moral and physical wellbeing; and at all such meetings "the agricultural labourers" have been a Standing toast. It is true that a few blunt I farmers have insinuated, and some prying five-traders have asserted, that all this lip-philanthropy, this urging other and weaker mento a most important work, these benevolent sentiments, had been scarcely supported by the personal acts of the acred monitors. Sundry tales of cottages purchased to be pulled down were told of almost every squire whose after-dinner elo vence kindled on behalf of the farm labourer. Start ling statements have again and again appeared of the long distances agricultural labourers are constantly compelled to walk to reach the scene of their daily labours, because the landowners of the parish have discountenanced the making parishioners, lest their own rents should be affected by heavier poor-rates. But, above all, the public mind has been moved by actual investigations made into the condition of the dwellings of the labouring classes in the country. In the west of England, in particular, the want of cot tage accommodation is such that even the commonest decencies of human life are out of the question in labourers' cottages. And notwithstanding some efforts to throw the blame of these things upon the farmer*, it is now on all hands admitted to fall, and justly fall, upon the landowners. The truth is, that while the rural working popula tion has increa sed—perhaps, under the operation of the old poor law, unnaturally increased—the dwellings ell the poor have either not increased at all, or not in pro portion to the increase of population. In some dis tricts where the land has been owned by few land lords there has been a positive decrease of cottages, in the face of an increase of cottage occupiers. The evils inflicted upon the peasantry by this state of things are many and grievous. They are either crowded to gether in a way quite inconsistent with comfort, decency, or morality, or they are compelled to reside so far from their place of labour as to add very mate; rially to the hardship of their lot. For a time we heard much of the redundant rural population, and all sorts of schemes were suggested to meet the ideal evil. Sometimes every farmer Ana to be compelled to employ a certain proportion of the labourers of his parish, without much reference to the free agency of either the farmers or the labourers; at other times field gardens and potato allotment' were the panacea for all rural ills. Now, however, all such schemes are nearly forgotten, for the surplus labour has been shown to be merely imaginary, inas much as with anything like moderately good cultiva tion of the land, a deficiency rather than a redun dancy of farm labourers is to be apprehended. As to field garden and potato patch schemes for saving the poor•rates, all has been dissipated by , the potato blight. The simplest squire can now understand the danger of rendering our labouring population de- pendent upon the potato for subsistence. In many districts a more healthy and rational tone of mind is arising amongst the landowners with rela tion to the labourers in husbandry. They are begin sing to see that their comfort and independence must be promoted by providing them with suitable dwell ings, and enabling them to hold their cottages on a sure tenure. As evidence of this we may refer to the ph from a provincial paper, with reference to ffr a di g TAELBOROUGH'S estates, which appeared in our columns the other day. It seems that his lordship is determined that, except where cottages form part of or adjoin the farmsteads, or where otherwise control over them is essential to the farmer, all his cottages shall be let directly to the labourers, and not as heretofore let with the farms to farmers. It is as desirable that the labourer should be independent of the farmer as that the farmer should be independent of the landowner. But into this direct letting of cottages to labourers there should be no fanciful or arbitrary terms introduced. There should be a simple letting for so much rent, and if fora longer . time than a year so much the better. When secure in the as cupation of a cottage, the labourer can transfer his ser erfees Item ono farmer to another, without, by eo doing, incurring the inw&enience of leaving his dwelling-horde, anj, perhaps, flieding it difficult to obtain anothef. At the ''serne time, every' farm ought to be provided with a sufficient number of cottages to enable the farmer always to have about him his confidential servants, each as his shepherd, herdsman, foreman, and so forth; and thaw cottages should be let with the farm and be under the farmer's absolute controL In this respect all English farms are very de fi cient ; and this it is, together with the absolute scarcity of cottages, as compared with the rural population, which contributes to the low condition of our labourers. But it must not be by mere regulation that landlords should endeavour to improve the condition of the peasantry; they should erect new cottages, and repair and enlarge the old ones. They will thus gradually raise the standard of coin- Art and decency amongst the agricultural labourers. We observe, from the report of the Northumberland agrjcultural society's meeting, that there exists in that county a " cottage improvement society," and from all we hear, nowhere is such an effort more needed. This is a field in which the landowners of England are especially called upon to labour ; and now that the public attention has been much drawn to the manner in which they have performed the duties of property, it may not be amine that they should be able to carry to the credit side of their account a well directed effort to improve the dwelling of the la bourer. In a prize essay of the Royal Agri cultural Society, On the Condition of the Agricultural Labourer, with suggestions for its improvement" by Mr. GEORGE Nicnots, the poor law commissioner, that gentleman lays much stress on the important* of providing comfortable cottages, as one of the means of elevating the agricultural labourer. And he expressly throws the duty of making such provision on the landlord, ea ' , his position as owner of the land, necessarily =poem upon him the duty of providing for its proper cultiva tion ; and cottages for the farm labourers are as ne cessary for this object, as the house and oat-baildings are necessary for the farmer, and the landlord shovld provide whatever is needful lathe one case as well as in the other." And again, In many instances it may be necessary that the cottages should be situated on the farm over which the labourers are employed ; and this is more especially necessary where the farm is large, in which cam they would of course be pro vided by the owner of the land. In other instances a neigh bouring village may possibly afford the best means of mom modatang the labourer; but in this latter can neither the landlord arm the farmer ought to oreekier himself exone rated from the duty of attandin,f au t=slate of the dr& lings. They sheuM ems that the in e= "l suitable kelibliese, seessever that they Ohm as suitable Testa iseshitesei rate we ellen ouster he wha ruble dwellimp, is whisk** malamute of emehee set decency ere alas ihnopead, sad its villa, if hula le preserved, it ensusie shwa to a Wade. hi* are for the Masse pest the property of sass ship wlkethey belsair Ni am rhea the me thz 4 vlleas shopkeeper, vhe ”If aters la a dada semis depesiest. From these sad helm tel=mod ispositkes it is the data of is pre paspli. 'Aids an only be y dale by pro viding ialesie 'Mega for them to realm in, at releasable rents. Few will deny these positions abstractedly • but what is urgently required is active intelligent ;Lotion on the part of owners of land. Let them show that they feel they have something more to do on their estates than to receive rents and preserve game, and they may yet retain some of that influence over the community which is fast &lipping from their bands. The substance of the following appeared in a second edition last evening : The Praalin murder still continued to absorb public attention in Paris on Thursday. The escape of this enormous criminal from the penalty of human justioe by suicide has produced a dis cussion respecting the privileges of the members of the Upper Chamber under the charter. It is highly , probable that, if the Duke of Praslin had not been invested with the privileges of the peerage, it would not have been in his power to escape from the hands of the law. The charter declares the per sons of members of both chambers inviolable. Re garding the representative chamber it makes an explicit exception in cases of being seized fiagrante delicto. In the article referring to the Upper Chamber this exception is omitted. The Procnreur- General interpreted the silence of the charter as an exclusion of the exception. If the exception were de signed to prevail equally in both cases, he concluded that the charter would have been equally explicit in both caws. His interpretation was therefore not only literal as rer z ded the article 29 itself, but also se stained by an , as , inasmuch the silence could not be accidental, same charter speaking out dis tinctly in article 44 respecting the restricted inviola bility of the deputies. It is now contended, never theless, that the doubt raised in this case would have been removed by the article 121 of the code, which explicitly declares that peers may be arrested if taken jiagrante Alice& Whatever may be the opinions of constitutional lawyers, it is clear that all doubt ought to be removed for the future; and that if the charter have really conferred on the peerage the monstrous privilege, it ought to be abolished without delay. We give elsewhere such further circumstances as have transpired respecting this melancholy affair. The Court of Peers is summoned to meet again to-day (Saturday). Another reform banquet took place at Pontoise on the 22nd., on the occasion of an assembly of the electors to entertain their deputy M. Berville. The King's health was proposed and 'drunk in something approaching to silence. fhe Prince de Joinville continues to suffer from severe indispoeition. He is still at St. Cloud, where the rest of the royal family are expected by the end of the week. Le Cnurrier Francois says that the Austrian ambassador has sent to the French government a note, in which M. de Metternich explains the motives which have induced the cabinet of Vienna to order L the military occupation of Ferrara, and to maintain there henceforward a considerable garrison. This , note, says that journal, has not been followed by any Advices continue to arrive from the Italian states, marked by all the feverish agitation and excitement which the eveats recently reported in our columns might naturally be expected to produce among the population of the south. Letters from the Italian frontiers, dated the 21st, say that each successive pro testation of Cardinal Ciacchi was responded to by a more and more insulting menace from General Ita detzki, the Austrian general-in-chief. The second protestation of the Cardinal arrived at the head ' quarters on the 14th, in the evening, and on the 15th, is the morning, a new reinforcement of troops was ordered to cross the Po, and to occupy Ferrara. On the 16th a body of cavalry crossed the river. Circumstances are mentioned in letters received from Northern Italy which elucidate in a very satis factory manner the alarm felt by Austria at the pro bable effects of the enlightened policy commenced, and likely to be carried out, in the papal states. It appears that in every . part of Lombardy the en thusiasm for Pins IX. is just as great and scarcely less irrepressible than in the pontifical states. The people assemble in the squares and promenades of Milan, singing the hymn of Pius IX. The police en deavour in vain to suppress these manifestations. The authorities have not yet ventured to exercise openly measures of force for the repression of these demon strations. At Parma the greatest alarm is felt by the people, who are providing themselves with arms for self defence. It was reported that an Austrian battalion had been marched to reinforce the garrison of Placentia. - On — the other hand, a letter from Leghorn, dated the 21st, addressed to a commercial house in Mar seilles, announces that the recent occupation of Ferrara produced such an explosion of indignation throughout the cities of Romagna, that the Austrians had abandoned the post which they occupied in the city, and had retired into the citadel. It is certain, according to these letters, that the attitude of the population has inspired the Austrian generals with a salutary fear. They demanded arms en manse, and arms were distributed to all good citizens. What is I wonderful is, that thousands of peasants also pre- Dented themselves in the town, swearing that they I were ready to die in defence of their country and of I the Pope. Letters from Piedmontjustify the hope that Charles Albert, yielding to the solicitations and remonstrances of the leaders of liberal opinion, will enter frankly on measures of constitutional reform, and openly pro nounce in favour of the Pope. It is expected that on the occasion of the. assembly of the Agricultural So ciety at Casale, on the 30th and 31st of this month, he will publish some important meaanres. It has been remarked as a favourable indication, that the Piedmontese Gazette, the official journal of the court of Turin, transfers to its columns all the principal articles on the papal measures of reform, and those denouncing the intervention of Austria, which appear in the journals of Rome, Bologna, and the Tuscan cities. Letters from Rome say that the sth of November, the day of the assembly of the representatives of the provinces, is looked forward to with the most lively solicitude. The Pope and Cardinal Ferretti are re solved to stand firm against the Austrians, but they feel that there is no foreign power on whose sincere countenance they can reckon except England. The Grand Duke of Tuscany has communicated to the committee appointed to revise and reform the penal code of his state, that ho has finally resolved on the total and unqualified abolition of capital punish ment. He has also resolved to substitute solitary confinement for hard labour at the hulks and in penitentiariea. The regular Madrid mails, with the correspondence of the 21st, have arrived, but they lose almost all interest in the face of the fact of the departure of General Narvaez from Paris for Madrid, and the an nouncement by the Journal des Debuts of the arrival of the intelligence (by telegraph) that that personage has been charged by Queen Isabella with the forma tion of a new cabinet. Letters received from Madrid show that the return of Narvaez has oozed out there. They say that the report is generally credited that M. Pacheco has recalled General Narvaez, and that a ministerial combination is confidently looked for, in which the general will take a leading part. MADRID, Ana. 21. The ministry, prematurely reported dead, exhibits still some feeble, ghastly gleams of life ; and, if I mistake not, the nation will have to rue the present galvanised protraction of its existence. In fact, the semi-official Correo pretends that ministers will not have done their duty till they have knocked once more at the door of the Pardo, and besought Don Francisco d'Assis to name a nearer date for his return to the palace of Madrid. This time -Pacheco is to be the suppliant. If the consort were a Spanish Oariolanus, encamped with armies at his back, threatening the capital with sword and flame, more pains could not be taken to soften his mood and reverse his fiat. But it needs no lynx to see that this is purely a feint to gain time. The ministry can stand no longer : the trash of the puritan ramp destined to succeed under the auspices of Sala manca is a mere make-shift, a thing of a day, an article of the same kind but worse in quality. Such a ministry could not stir the grand question. Therefore, one or other of the two great parties must come in. All the chances of the moment are on the side of the progresistas. Recent financial exposures have greatly damaged the Mon-Pidal set, and the domi nation of Narvaez is remembered as an evil dream. The sanguinary coercion and contempt of law which marked his rule fortunately find daily fewer advo cates among his old supporters. The time then was just in joint for the access of the liberals to power; and power has been offered to them, repeatedly, within the lest fortnight . To their credit, they would not accept submission to the vague shadow of an occult influence. They desired that this influence should be legitimised, and defined by the responsibilities of office ; or that it should remove itself altogether from the precincts of the throne. Their condition, with its alternative, was rejected. Now the puritan ministry, lying at its last gasp, and incapable ally longer of wholesome activity, has determined to block up with its inert esretum the avenue by which the p might arrive at office. Under the pretence of a new attempt to settle the palace - question, they are in fact only prolonging their existence for a few days, that Narvaez may have time to come from Paris. We are then on the eve of beholding, just a year after the 'lase en scene of Louis Philippe s grand plot for planting his progeny on the throne of Spain, the opening of another act in this precious drama. I have now to call your attention to a fact of the utmost importance. I hear from trustworthy sources, that if the present crisis terminates in favour of the mode radar, Norms and his colleagues will propose to the Queen to abdicate in favour of a regency under the Duchess of Montpensier. If the Queen refuses, the Comes will be summoned, and a bill will be brought forward by the same parties declaring the Queen incom petent to reign, and proposing the said regency. I CM not dwell too shadseßy upon the imminent danger which exists of this 04 wn g realised. There seem but too many peak to fear that the anniversary of our first bamboaidement will be kept by a fresh mys tification. Ani Wise Lord Palmerston at the helm, and Mr. Bulwer an the bow, exert all their vigilance and energy, the dangerous strait through which oar Spanish diplomacy is passing may cause us to spring a fresh leak, more irreparable than the last. Tho points for which we ought to struggle are a Serrano- Cortina ministry, dissolution of the Cortes, a divorce bill, and a bill for excluding the Duchess de Mont pelier from the succession. The choice of a new husband for the Queen would naturally lie among these three competitors : the Prince of Portugal, the Coburg Prince, or Count Montemolin. It would be useless to enter into any further speculations at present. Salamanca has appointed Senor Escadero, cousin of General Cordova, president of a finance committee to be organised at Paris, with a salary of 40,000 Teals, in room of the simple commissionerLlanoPonte, who has hitherto been amply sufficient for all useful purposes. This does not look much like economy. The Queen has named D. Antonio Posada Herrera her head chaplain, almoner and patriarch of the Indies, in the room of Don J. J. Bond y Orbe, ap pointed archbishop of Toledo. The King has dismissed two of his gentilhombres, Counts Pino-Hermoso and Revillajigedo, for what cause is not known ; but their discharge seems highly unpalatable to the ultra-moderados. General Pavia has issued a new circular to the town authorities of Catalonia, admirably consistent with his previous ordinances. This imports that all those p roprietors who abandon the towns where they reside in search of refuge from the Carlists, are to be included in the fines which are imposed on those towns, and to be charged double the amount whirl would fall to their share if they remained. If them were any real vigour in the conduct of Pavia, some 'severity might be excused ; but he is impotent against the enemy, while he worries the population he is sent IND protect. All this inclines many persons to believe that he is playing the game of the Afraneesados, and ripening matters for French intervention. The lead ing members of the Central Junta, at Barcelona, in 1813, and other respectable centralistas, have ad dressed an indignant answer, printed in the Eco and Expectador, to his calumnious attack upon the pro gresistas of Catalonia, a body of 20,000 men, in an official communication to the government. Abd-el-Kader has addressed a letter to the Queen, praying her to act as mediator to procure from the French government a cessation of hostilities against him. The Faro intimates that disturbances are brewing in Andalusia. _ _ _ The Clamor and Erpectador have both transferred to their columns the article in your number of the 12th, which exhibits the policy and character of Louis Philippe in their true colours. [The rest of our correspondent's communication re lates to financial matters, and is printed under the head of money market.] FRANCE.—Accus trioN AGAINST M. OuizoT.— The Nurentburp Correspondent having persisted, in reply to the contradiction of the Monitessr and the Journal des Dgats, in stating that a Polish lady who had gone to Berlin to communicate with one of the political prisoners, had been expelled in consequence of information from M. Guizot, the Moniteur l'aruaen of Wednesday evening declares in the most formal and absolute manner that the statement of the iN'tiressiburg Correspondent is false. EXECUTION AT VERSAILLES.—Marquis, the coting man, aged only 20, who woo condemned to death some time ago, for the attempted murder of a young woman in the Faubourg Montmartre, was on Wednesday morning exe cuted at Versailles. He had, it will be remembered, scraped acquaintance with the woman in the street, and aceompanitd her to her own house, where, as he said, be passed the night with her. lie represented himself u a man of considerable wealth, though only the son of a porter, and having seen some pieces of gold in the possession of the female, he tried to kill her to obtain possession of them. The wounds he in. flitted on her were very serious. He was first condemned to death by the Court of Assizes of the Seine; but, on appeal to the Court of Causation, the conviction was quashed, and he was sent to be tried by the Court of Assizes of the Seine-et-Oise, which again condemned him to death. After the second csEtpdfmnation his character underwent a singular change. Violence and brutality made way for ineekneeand resignation, and be became profoundly religious. His father had been to see him every Monday, but did not go last Monday, and Marquis felt that that, was ' an indication of his approaching fate. At five o'clock yes terday morning, the chaplain of the prison entered his cell I , to announce to him that he had only a few minutes to live. Marquis exhibited much calmness, considering his extreme youth: " Come, Monsieur l'Abbe," said he, " come ; I un derstand ; lam ready !" The priest remained with him till Ili o'clock. Marquis expressed his regret to die, but admitted the justice of his condemnation. lie then thanked all the officers of the gaol for the very great kindness they had shown him. Whilst the last preparations were being made, he remained perfectly calm, and prayed with fervour. " You think," he remarked, " that I am courageous, but it is only religion which sustains me." On arriving at the scaffold he ascended it with a firm step, kaelt down, and kissed the cross which the priest presented him. He then rose, turned towards the spectators, and said in a loud voice, "Citizens, I render homage to the justice of man which has condi med me, for lam a great criminal, and I demand your prayers. Remember that Jesus Christ shed his blood to wash away the sins of men, and I shed mine to wash away my sins Citizens, pray for a brother! Ah ! when I say brother lam unworthy of the name. lam a great criminal. Citizens, thanks for your prayers, my soul is about to fly to heaven !" At this moment the voice of the poor wretch took a remark able intonation, and tears flowed from his eyes. The crowd was painfully affected. The executioner having approached, Marquis made a sign that he had concluded, and repeated, " You see that I am courageous, but it is only religion which sustains me !" In pronouncing these words he placed himself in the hands of the executioner. One of the assistants seized him by the hair to place his head under the knife. Marquis then cried with a loud voice, " Jesus ! Mary ! Jesus! Mary ! Jesus ! Mary !" and the next moment all was over. ITALY.—LuccA, AUG. 14.—The Duke of Lucca is gone to Venice, when the Viceroy is also . It is said that the duke's departure has been caused by the agitation which prevails in the duchy, and the news received at one of his summer palaces that the rebels were coming to attack him. It is further stated that he had applied for the intervention of the Austrian government, and will probably obtain it. No doubt is entertained that this affair will be fol lowed by serious oswaegnanees when the peculiar situation of the duchy of Lucas L known. The congress of Vienna guaranteed to this duchy the constitution of 1806 According to this constitution, it was to have a senate composed of 30 members, with the power of nominating the judges and sanctioning the laws. The people have also the right of requiring the organisation of a national guard ; but the duke has recently refused an application made to him on this subject. There are no practicable roads for the Austrian troops through the duchy of Modena, and their pas sage through the Roman states may be attended with diffi culties. In the event of the death of the Archduchess Maria Louisa, Duchess of Parma, the duchy of Lucca will be come annexed to Tuscany. The most important question, therefore, is, what will then be the position of the duchy of Lucca ? BELGlUM.—Bauseut, Auu. 26.—The Moniteur of this morning publishes a royal ordonnance, prolonging until the let of March next the period for the free importa• lion of cattle: the leiginally fixed Period would expire on the le of Se her neut. In their report to the King on this subject, tire Meiners keld out the prospect of •to recommend to Ins s= p th eas_s e abolition of the to export prohibition wkieb will mem* is ihe lli =the let of Odeber next. The ste= seam far this emery wU banktemenow. The Cemenve el Aahreop, ergo that the recent hums le London hod given a tomporry shall to *edit to the hams ' city, as well al rim to mikes sisameing meows restaitiag the effect that Mims w u have Is the ousuareelel cropolis of this eemfay. The mace Pommel Mk however, that no grounds kr thinks to the pm verbial prudence of grtr . ...... -i rlte city. OSTEND, Auo. 116.—Tba 'weather has toes vary bad during the. week. lady Onspeve d atimieats arrived, yesterday, to the Tritom, Diu. Loam. She was the only packet that ventured eat, laeuropesseset theiresolter. RUSSIA.—Mr. Cobdeo imam towelling la Homia. Oa the 13th inst. be slighted at ems distance her a ear tom-hone. Intent on hie widens umnsing the liberty of trade, he pease the gate; bet a many aims est " Stop ;" and levels his piece at Lam. Rome ties was requisite for the ' affair to be perfectly explained, and in the interval the cu riae came up.—Gas. de Voss, Aug. 26. EGYPT.—THE EARTHQUAKE.—Letters from Cairo of the 10th announce that, as the shocks of earthquake had not been repeated, lOM'S minds had become calm. It ma ascertained that three persons had been killed, and five badly wounded, by the falling of the columns of the mosque. At Rosetta six boons had fallen down. THE BAHAMAS.—Advicee from Nassau, N.P., to the 23rd July, have been received in Liverpool. The in -1.1 , however, is totally , devoid of interest. 1 11071 . TE VIDEO.—The Oriental barque, Ernestina, arrived at Liverpool, has brought one day's later intelligence frost the Uruguayan eapital, she having sailed on the 11th June. The news is unimportant. THE PRASLIN MURDER AND SUICIDE. The greatest excitement and Stich exasperation Were produced in Paris arm the Imes classes, on Wed nesday and Thursday, by the sanemseneat of the whine of tha Duke de Praslin, the pandas beteg roseranj ge m. vadat that his adadestranka ves emerved at. ordlested on every side dike palm when Ide remise lay, sada was thought mime to an the Mantammeisee In respect to the adita s Sailldet memithe baladlay. At live eels* ea allannes, the Prwassar na, N. Brushy , attended at per, and hi the proms ot the director and the attending physicians, MM. Roug e ; Louis, and Andral, made a proe4s verbal of Om facts. The declaration made by M. Reset to th e Procure= du Rol wee as follows :—" I accompanied the Deka de Pemba during his removal from his hotel to this prison, and I have censtantly attended him since his arrival here. I attribute his death to poisoning with arsenic. I think that, in order to obtain positive proof, it will be necessary to proceed to an autopsy. The death took place at 35 minutes after 4 in the afternoon, and I consider it to be abso:utely certain." The populace assembled around the prison on Wednesday evening, notwithstanding the presence of a considerable mi litary force, showed symptoms of an approaching imeute, demanding is loud and menacing tones to be shown the body of the Duke de Praslin, and exclaiming that they did not believe him to be dead. The military were at length ordered to disperse the people. Several individuals are reported to have been arrested. The will of the Duchess de Praslin has been delivered to the President of the Tribunal. She bequeathed an annuity of considerable amount to her husband, and annexed to the directions respecting the education of her children (six of whom are daughters) the significant condition that their education should be superintended by a man, a professor, and not by a governess. Of the innumerable accounts which are given in the Paris journals of the circumstances attending the Duke de Prsslin, from which the time of hie swallowing the poison is to be inferred, the following given by the law journal, Le Droit, Is the most consistent with the facts, and in itself the most intelligible and probable " It will be remembered that, on the first report of the crime committed in the hotel Sebastiani on the 18th, the magistrates were immediately called in. It was about six in the morning that the investigation took place and the interrogations commenced. Throughout the day the hotel was surrounded, and every care taken that no person should he allowed to leave it ; but the persons who lived in it were not subjected to any personal, direct, and continuous surveil lance, nor were they gardt , es a Vile, in the true meaning of the words. The first suspicions fell upon the valet de chambre, who on his side suggested that his neater should be closely watched. This first stage of the affair must not be lost sight of, because it is the key of all that follows. It was in the morning, immediately after having been sub jected to the questions of the Procureur-Glineral, the sense and bearing of which it was not difficult for the duke to comprehend, that the serious derangement, which is ex -11,..7,11 by the extreme emotions of every kind he had tin e, and the species of stupor into which his examina tion' kad thrown him, took. place. At this time neither the mielstratts nor any other person in the hotel had any sus picion of poison. Dr. Louis, the family physician, who was the first called in to ascertain the coudition of the duke and duchess, thought he recognised in the state of the duke symptoms of cholera, the causes of which were naturally attributed to the terrible agitations of the pre ceding night. During Wednesday, M. de Poulin re mained in a state of debility accompanied by all the symptoms of cholera, without anything to indicate poi soning, of which iu fact no idea occurred to any ape. 'the odium of justice, engaged deeply and exclusively in investigating the circumstances of the crime, the secret of which was not completely unveiled, paid but a secondary attention to the state of the duke, of whose projects they had no surmise. On Thursday his condition became aggravated, and the use of a bath was thought necess,ry, and, from his weakness, he was placed in an arm-chair to be carried to it, but on the way an irresistible diarrhea came on, the elite. via from which was such that the chair was of necessity taken into the garden, where it remained till the 24th. On Thursday, in consequence of the accumulating suspicious against him, the duke was put under the most rigid sur. veillance. The symptoms taken for cholera, and which would be so taken again, continued, and were combated by the treatment employed in such cases, namely, by adminis tering iced wine and other iced drinks. Things remained I. this state till Saturday morning at 4 o'clock, when the duke was conducted to the Luxembourg with the assent of Drs. Rouget de Saint Pierre and Andral. On the way he drank twice. It was in error that vomitings were mentioned. At least it is certain that from the time of his removal till his death, no disorder of this kind occurred in the system of M. de Poulin. He appeared to be getting a little better until his interrogatory by the Chancellor, on Saturday, the only one, in fact, be underwent. At that moment only, from new external signs, the physicians began to believe that it was not an attack of cholera, but that the duke had poisoned himself. Such symptoms could not escape the observation of Dr. Rouget, who communi cated his suspicions to the chancellor and the grand re ferendary. M. Chevalier, the chemist, was scot for, and the evacuations of the duke were analysed, end found to contain a considerable quantity of arsenic; enough, indeed, according to the report of M. Chevalier, to poison several persons. The fact of poisoning being thus established, it re mained only to seek for the means by which it was effected, and the three phials already mentioned were found, and no doubt remained that the duke had taken a large quantity of the arsenic. Upon this discovery the treatment was changed, and emollients administered. On being questioned by the chancellor as to the time when he [mile the poison, the duke confessed that it was on Wednesday morning, while being oppressed by the questions of the chancellor, and feeling all the horror of his position. He stated that he brought the arsenic with him from the Chateau de Freshet, where he generally kept a large quantity for domestic pur poses and works of art, in which he took pleasure to employ himself. Such is the recital, which we believe to be per fectly correct, of a death which has given rise to so many va rious conjectures. There is nothing precise or uniform in the effects produced by swallowing arsenic, which are known to very in different persons. Sometimes this poison kills immediately, sometimes it will not begin to act fur four or five days. In this particular ease the poison began to act immediately, although death did not ensue till a week after wards. It has been erroneously stated that the person of the duke was sensibly reduced, and that there was a raractioa of the tissues. His person bore all the characters of strength, with a sound and vigorous constitution, which fully explains the slow action of the poison. The body of the duke is placed on a bed with all the trappings of mourning. Near it is a. crucifix with two lighted tapers, and a priest in constant prayer." The National, in a violent article, affirms its titer die belief in the allegation that the poison was taken by the duke six dsys before it produced his death, and plainly in , (hates that it was conveyed to him by the connivance of the authorities at a much more recent period, to avert the public spectacle of a peer of France, a member of the haute noblesse and • chevalier d'honneur of the court, falling under the guillotine. The result of the investigations of the magistrates at the chateau de Vaux is given by the Constilutionnet as follows: The examining magistrate, M. Legonidee, proceeded on Sunday morning to the Chateau of Vaux. The search in stituted there lasted until Monday evening, and. H. Lego nidec returned yesterday morning to Paris. A great re serve is naturally imposed on us relative to what hm been officially aiscovered,but the following is what was spoken of openly in the neighbourhood. The chateau in the time of Fouquet is well known. M. de Praslin had expended considerable sums to restore, to its ancient splendour, this seat spoken of by La Fontaine, Pelisson, and Mdme. do Sevigne. He had thoroughly repaired the salle dee garde, which is 80 feet high. It would be impossible to depict the grief and consffirnation in which the country is thrown by the late frightful catastrophe. Mdme. de Praslin was ex ceedingly charitable and perticularly good to the poor. Some cotes of her expenses, found in her bedroom, give proof of her kindness. By the side of money given her by the duke for her toilette, may be read, " 100 fr. given to the femme T— eo help her to get a substitute fbr her son," " 50fr. sent to It—, whose wife has lately lain in." Proofs of her charity are also found in the account of alma entrusted to the clergy of the neighbonximod. The misunderstanding, between the duchess eat be husband, which had in creased after 1843, whoa Mlle. de Luzzi entered the family, was knows to every MIL The domestics had spoken of stormy some which tea fplam, and a wad presentiment appeared to @ghats M. de - Preslin. who was always in low spirits. • Meness tie shimbee states that the ductless was walkbeg to the peak a masa back when the duke came to ask be to chit the dimity vault at the chateau, which had ban bolt ntlealred, " Pee whit purpose," said she ; " shell I not sem deemed them he ever ?" The official search has brought to light in the Dasher's chamber a number of papers sealed with black wax. ea the envelope of which is written in be band, " Fee my husband, to be opened after my death." Them papers have not been yet opened, this akeom being left to Duke Pamela. A bulky maneareigit was also diamvered containing private memoirs whisk the Dadra had Written, and in which she gives an enema et the happy yams of her marriage, with bar subsequent diegrins. the Duke's apartment the much was for a long time fruitless, but at last in the secret answer of a (shiest was found a great number of letters, said to be from MB.. de Luaxi, signed " and all corn neacinby ihenwerds, Xis eber Theobald." Other ire preantiettem mere head ia the male place. It would appear that a long ..... a -- baitakaa place lately between the dos aid Anshan, nimbi prhsely to the mistinder- Mnedies leabieting between Shim Some letters of Marshal sometimes relaSag to money matters, and at ethers raperding in pretty sharp terms his **min law he his camile. to his wife, are also in the hands ofjeseien It is by aatelte that it has been announced that =hie Don Is mot on avert at the Conciergerie ; this masses la on the astray rigorously enforced in her ease. She hear sal to walk weary bey for two hone in the inner court, 'WM every NM lie b shut sp. In her times of exercise, she et eagle Gad wave. The description given of her itt eM la set altesetbar _conect. She is dressed simply, hut inelatellbea. awl gram. Her Iglus hie lest =emu MIS 461111111011 of youth ; her eyes, width am elk a dot ring, have as intelligent expreadts; he @e impale, and denotes fatigue; her hair, of OM haws,savregal with taste. The inmelepstions of the officers ofjuatice were ontinsal of Weans:bay is Paris. A plan of the apartments we= to hi diseitstwA among the peers. A copy of this was by the Onutitutionnet, in which it was published as Thurs day. Several searches have been made and other mama adieu. The Casette des Tribunas gives the hands( reseal of the proceedings We said yesterday that as investigation had boa nob • ot Paris by M. Bronsmis, jags d'inatructton, in order* dis sever the little box in while Mlle. de Le:xi Drles closed bee eorrespondesac This box was depc eitei Imo days te r m y Mdlle. de pod Dssportes in the hands eters of her who in be Ws gave it te a doctor. Whim UM *Saw visited the resiatmee of the latter he was sired his beasekeeper, however, hastesed to remit the bole the entoloing magiebate. Bat the letters of the Duke dermal W been resinsal Is.. ; sod it was only, it is said, As _andirons boasties, thetas woman went to seek for them beams the yeses of a aglow to the library. We en emceed that i @ace et then Wen the Dohs lie Pails boll out to the omen to whoa it woo adisseed esti, hers II haidato, but saltine thud haw nor the Mime swab asp thing Ihat has referees, to the mime of the lath Ahogust. The mitres of the bomedispeshon is the MN dm In a ti7 who he bon sled as s whom. INS on to dense with rannot to the via noistr l itZy, the