The Express. — London, England, 1851-08-30 00:00:00

INO OPERATIONS FOR TIM ESSISINO WEEK. Yvon I Gariasees CAratiele. LANT which flower upon the young wood, a ge be slotted now, sa therwill thereby be muck nd the blooorris also will give es idenee of the r their superiority in nee and colour. now, ,'y, which devrer,upos the ripened wood, isms cueour.igid to go to rest, ea the days decrease e would not pot any plants when they um very g o wering 16CJA100. l'oinsettias which do net January, we would camerae by repottinir. lying Ohio freely with liquid manure, o n th e will be double the sue they would be if tos s We mention this m an instance of oar it is impossible to eater fully into sew Mk di als the limits of the calendar. Amar)llids, jet show ~dos of ripening, should be gradually The Japan Links, now coming into flower, every encouragement by liberal watering* of - -r, sad alford• slight shade while in bloom. ,s I.iliss in front of the houses and at the ea us, will be benefited by sealing* of rich CIAZUVII AND al ' I[4. whim l• (WOW, advanced, every gardened tr. w nearly as may be, whether thn extent filDWltlellWri well be seekeent to Wad watt,' to his stock Cl kalf-hardy plan;., to those he is now peapagating. If his swat, he must either restrict annual prop& in certain limits, or prepare alditi,md pits Ater has of time. brick pits are of course 41.1... and althusith expensive in the hat elii pest in tau end. A very common makes Ibsen nt turves, which lasta several and is hit at appearance rather untidy. There is as litiAta in covering end uncovering, that it secs Au. amt of a small boiler and pipes. which walk' without ruverina of any kind. and than bin hei ping our plants through the winter at a we take into account the espanse of mine in putting theta on sad taking them or, .„ tle y %n al., it will be seen that the hitter plat on.. or beds to Mower early aria •imatags. )qu.stwn that the old plants of geraniums takes served in iiit•sre the best ; acid if sufficient room a sine {M y wit be nice bushy plants in flower by 11 Will year. la eases where the Ida P nest required to he earlier than Anaust, as la is th to pi . ..lw , the secessary quantity rat rutting lan. h all that noel be pressured. The bedbug iretsiounis are so useful, and there are so many that, to mater all is becrinnatt a scrim, 'a I tine ly pteissertlusi should be made whenzett i• arts• rte A sowing ut hardy annuals um, low tin 1. ea tee garden, awl afterwards transpWtest iii the iprinx ; these Will tower as rut tie r int. raised in friars west year ; and as vim.; i. griisTElky IMMEOP, it is worth while it. /1..111.11.7% . FLOWIILS. it•Li Ido iy advised may toe stnetly adhere' to. 1/1/ .11 / I/11/n will require occasional water. , in order that the sod may not hm Es. ~,,, hi' to amendia wlodhet of red: If Not, eat the fi wer e., t.. tlw ..t.ad or crown of the plant. Con plot eta took. and pansy minion% and marl , of the 1411. C. wed may likewise be .ow early .perm I.;.,..anntr. Make ready • bed ' ip.tin. dn.ald h. well dose, for the . ants' that hi. maiden balls, reared on 4, an lot .er r s de rimers, from whence rd .41. tattle 1,14. Gnat rare should p u.d.m ; aui.k u d. rayed turf. kdl .l, •1.001.1 al. 11 in it. conspoettioll; ,V 4 l 1111116.11• USII/ V/ ry oW, hutted. an I.r 11..4 with gnat corr. as we non.' nut utmost every rare ; mot t ut beauties sake u. furiret .1 h. 1101114 a and Pielyaolltua, tor iwitanre, dry w..thit of the latter part of this v b. r r. q • • rareful watering, with all ▪ tlo hei pine rk to 111.111WW4.1., Ikea), net., *halt L. othn intukated, but ed. IttN DARDEN. crops of turnip, tereley. spinach, die., the ?twits 1s gtu to intrude upon s. rein r of lettism may be Mani. with an (A. 4 or U”t aspect, rtherting the situation on the .outh bowlers for 4r sowing. of cabbage k truce. Two uuw(u , Di 1.410411 d Di . mule at intervals of tin days. sle•uhl h. 1/4141t. ininte,h.stsly of early • 1.4 t•lmitsug 414141 , t the ct , . D D I inti.ones; and at the same time me should be 44(4411 fur an early sprit nut ,4 rid Itutch cabls.ete 14 main crop next. • Ist, wean cuillesass in rows, eigght inches • n.sy „ 4.1 %M N., (lir( c•fourthu will • drawn i, gu d a. (44,,,ft0rt., Lind ti,. tetiwilidrir ,slur. Ito tturt, shuu' .I.s•KM au 4114* plants ace Lug: enough %%.E% AINTILMLIA.-11ve inn h.V rinela,l u. (rani a sure hand . - W.—lnstruction. haw 'win gives to Stifle, attKilo , ll farina of 30 and 50 acres, in e ..NIA' 11am:a4.—Thero am now nearli and Irclaud which won y ..nl.-r•. untulne of order. issued . tio roam of a sear about Cant,noo. fur i. earlu.ire of thin• granted at the reetiri e nriglitanttltoo.l of 1.0n.10n, beyond the' At the thief onkel% in Itublin Enyallt are grant; d at each uth. , at I.tituhr.t.r, 70,ialt) at each other; , about 'H o ene at tint, oiwv, The total a", loon. y "Mies wanted yearly all e .tray iii.llllll,llllo/. sterling, an en mole up c telt. ly by the •mull money e. couutry. Although the gnnn amount. of ionical ordere n. arty ba:imee each other at of the yea. there appears to he • • ihocrepano y between such amount, at rs. I ienerally spcaking. the balance send "Mies in any 'cuticular town is a sign of its 19 . , and one erral. The principal portion of the ti through the Money-order other eonststa of the ,0 01 the heobt or tamilit, among the working ~ in mi.:rating to the locales of capitol and .re labour i. to be found. more more rapidly dent on them forsummit, and the latter the in. son of sub.istenee through re. In places where ulterprige does not aatuml 111.7mm:of population. the nth, d art to spots where capie Money-order offices of the w order than they may he .rd as r. trogrotling, or 'doh ~,, ary, regard to ty, when compared with those towns increased Talton. If the amounts of paid end issued published 1.. reolically, together with mounts of corresponding period . i• the • a publication would be of great egoista r. wane subject., in enabling them to . stcte id trade in UMW, with the increase poralition— the dinvt ion in which dal AIV isovina, and the various shitth. de t o another of the industrial population. r peri elw. lly, of the lucid causes which la amounts of beard and paid las would be • moat lawn...fir*: could be easily supplied by ores rsto.tcrs, and by a cursory inspection of advice, ecutral saw, which must contain the trade r of rt mitten, of • post•odko money order luarduss. .11 ()tors TV SOUTH NOTTINGIRMA %.:A, Aug. 27 —A corropandrat write* au mar uetl stAtement from a is s•tsr Nottinglutushire : The mushy Vim and hand. Barley, of gm yellow in colour. Oats, peas, and rye • atity. Ileasa not equal to last year. The It torn is estimated at a full average ; peas et th ; and beaus me-fourth abort of t. stay per arm. Potatoes, orie.fuurth more than its.l quality Rue (one-twentieth part of disco, ✓d). The weather, from the ovl to the 13th it possible for harvest operations ; 13th • r .torus with lightuour ; 13th, IGth, and ll In , progress made with harvest ; leth to 26t furling weather, and on forward soils the wheat, three-fourth eats, sad 1 of the hurley is secured in the Unit au threshing of new wheat is rim - irkts ; the weather at present is dull _ and • kw maturing acorn, yet the ithweee -...-..scArtox BY Divistox.— An the artillty of wheat ham, during the !out in lila garden of hit. Stowe, Are, of whit\ the Sonoma* la a ton 13tb of July, M5O. • single grain of the warden; the plant tame up in tea 'unaptly till the 13th of September at d.„,44.15t0 slips, and replanted. V' 'Jabal till the 13th of November, • 1, divided, and espbated, and ;Awed 16th of April of ibe present year. The *Wag ilevealably est, they were all taker aided bee as We tier 114 plants ;thee ' ♦remittal Is Mimi till the they wise pedoetlve of tt of what*, =aye them of s paw el awn. The crop wee fully elpenokal the birds atieeked feathers sad a preasetiott aeL 4 tried 14 01 eirearthen the opiella of theme the thin webs of whtat is orlary t he left tare Adenoid of mom pew but of the earalag peetbeedeaseee • snob treetmeall, an am say essay tbe experintest. Sky • MIND OPERATIONS FOR TUR ENSUING WEEK. from the Gorioaer's Ctironiele. P LAN I VIIPAIITIIIIIT. t. which Mower upon the young wood, m a . y 1e s lotted now, es they will thereby be mail ' n.l the blossom. also will give evidence of the their superiority is site and colour. Those, which dovrer.upost the ripened wood, m e n t neouragial to go to rest, se the days decrease e would not pot any plants when they ure very ogegering season. l'oinasttias which do net January, we would encourage by re.pottinn. 'yam them freely with liquid manure, e a t h a will be double the Mit they would be if Less tea. We mention this as an instance of oat it to ispoe.ible to eater fully into siw title 41- in the limits of the calendar. Arnar)llids, ie show „i glu of ripening, should be graduall, The Japan Links, now coining into Gower, every encouragement by liberal watering* ter, said afford • slight shade while in bloom to Lila* in front of the houses and at tin y will be benefited by seal.iugs of Mel Lowest ;venue% AND Night tv. 41VA• 444 11 it (WOW', advanced, every garden late, a* neatly se may be, whether the elites ug esmenleate+ will be sitlkeent to ation - nit wintel to Ins stock of kalf-hardy plan.. to tho..g be is now propagating. If hi Mont, he allot either restrict sunual props in certain limit., or prepare •4141iliontal pit rther leas of time. brick pits are of coon ar .I.le. and although expensive in the fin ch. epeot in the coil. A very common malt ho.lt of turves, which lasts several .4:,1•04111 and I.ut ID 111 9 1N'arlart rather untidy. There is olitn in covering and uncovering, that it eito ilo 4..144 a small boiler and pipes, which woiJ ...1 . without covering of any kind, and .has t gd km ping oar plants through the whiter at for il we take lato account the 'swam of mat come t in putting them on and taking them lb. y hri-A, it will be eeen that the bitter ph a...101M , hie beds to Sower early scat .ammo qui stoat that the old pleats of geraniums tab teed in tote are the beet ; sad if sufficient room no. they ws.l he sire bushy plants in flower art e. 00.0 mat year. la eases where the displ vet required t.. be earlier than Auaust, a s h to or...lure the wet-wary quantity o f euttjh sr, hi• all that noel be preserved. The bed Is. m ramose. are so ireful, and there are so ma co, t 0.., that, to ulster all ie herniation a seri. • n I tong ty polar-AO" should be aside whew. I . gr, at. A sowing ul hardy annuals may v . n tlo f.•ttvr garden, sail afterwards traimpMr, ' 1 . 4 I arty in the .`,ring ; these will Sower as ,, lo r rowd in frames neat year ; and in airtiti,r ratially muse, it ie worth at st tteattets' . I,nr lit. iy ielsieed may be senetly adhered and pe at. , lay. To w,ll nquire oeeaoional 1. a ton r no , in order that the soil may OM Ea. ~,,, ne the pole, to towertain whet ▪ va meows of real; If Met, Ind the by a. to Bev et.uil or crown of the plant. i plant out souk. and pane; cutting., and a of the lath. r. l'atiaT wed may likewise be a Carly aprime Make sisal; a bed the. 414.314 b. well doge, for the mint ...Intl that hi. maiden WM, reared on , arc ho Orra de risme, from wheats e. et n natio 1014. Great rare should be p u.d,m ; maiik a do rayed turf, hatuundil, slemid enter lard. ly in its compowition; we t o ovation. unless v. ry old. indeed, and tha he nod with gri at rare. Dahlias, as we oboe la, are OM" engrogoing almost every rare; bar not I. t pees. id tautities make so forget . to. Autieula and Polyanthus. for Mosinee. th. dry weather of the latter part of this mouth r fly • • ...ireful watering, with all thuee • a. t.. lov ping eh all 111.111 total., IlVta)ing ful et., which ••••• ult,n entukatcd, but too lint 11t9 uARDEN. crop. of tareip, taraley. spinach, &e., shoe la tote the plants hewn to intrude upon t sett • rie r .owing of eaLbuite lettuce may be plumb., es dig an.ad or west septet, reserving the tale eituations on the tooth hunters for entlit ✓ of cabbage kit ore. Two sowings TO it I .41144\1141 be made at interval. of ten day.. A ./ I. 41 /4 Its 1/1.1414• inintedettely of early Aeiatic .1.4 'denting uud. r the imitellights, and pre. a tr.inaer; and at the same time a lath rail. age should be sown for un early spring era L/34 ot nil Dutch rillolkatt, for Mill crop neat. late ...en eatiletze , is TOWN eig ht inches a ay „ 4.1 do se, Om e•fourth. will • draw* le • • 1044..1 44 eolewort., awl the remainder will ▪ lo lettuet, should be tal .i.oNglt w tlw are Large enough to bete • Stl.r. Ir 4 folkiwin; • idiom, hit. reached ae. frorn a rata, hand . W.—lnatruction. have lwan given to survey, auction farms of 30 and 50 acres, in every itete Oefitate.—There are now nearly -.M0.. is (;rut liritain and Ireland which gr money girder , . The number of order. issued in, Ile roam: of a your 111•41.11/ 600,1100. her is exeltoive of Owl.• ireintial at the reetieini • e mighlsoatlegol of Eon•lon, beyond the Hat At the thief °glees in Dublin and Elle are grunted at each oge e annually ; al Vinitatit: at .Slonehexter, 100,1100; at Ginn Gm- ga r, uta.at ;omit° at traeh "thee; and at Bri • ulegut 111,1 mo at c.ieh Ohm The total es s dii, mon, y to/914N mantra yearly all llcer /1 is ni arly 11 1 .11100.11110/. sterling, an enormoie le up a ntin I. by the 'mall money tranoac country. Although the gross amount. 4 1 , 44114 - al orders nearly bahinee each other of the year, there uppean to he a r ilierrenon. y between 4.t14:11 amounts at in • tienerally eiteakine, the balance in oied order, in any lenticular town is a sign of i ty, and lire aryl. T he principal portion of thi through the Money.ortler office consists of tl of the heolo or families among the working ~ in mi.:rating to the Imalee of capital and en lal..ur i. to Is• found. niove more rapidly than I of OH them forsuppott, Anil the latter con.equ e the in. am of rulokeitee through the Mon v. In places where uiterprist dots not keep p natural tnereamuf population. the eurplus of t Mil .1 tar /04.4p0ts where capital is being Cairn Moneyionler of of the tint-mentioned pl, order. than they lour.. :loch places may I .1 a. r. trot:railing, or stationary, with regard ty, when compared with those towns atom. if the amounts of paid and issue, published rmilically, together with tl amount. of eorre.ponding period. in the preyed n pulditation would be of great assistance t i.. emote subjects, in enabling them to note , state of trade in townP, with the increase anal le a popuhation—the direction in which enter' ar, multiuse, and the various shifting' I e to another of the industrial population. • pi resdically, of the local causes which affect tb re amounts of issued and paid orders at tb s. would bee moat interesting and important d • could be easily 'applied by means of inquirer ten, sad by a canary inepection of metric. eenual Gabor, which must contain the trade o of smitten of a post-office money order th kingdom. Ile CM ire TV SOUTH NtYITINGIIAN: WAII%, Aug. 27.—A correspondent writes as he annexed statement from a personal stir its Stauth Nottinghautehire ; The quality of tine and heavy. Dailey, of good maltin yellow in colour. Oats, peas, and rye •fu . City. Deans not equal to last year. The itc torsi is estimated at a full average y peas her &kited ; and beans clue-fourth short of •. alit; per acre. Potatoes, one.fuurth more t att.l quality fine (one.twentieth part of du .dl. The weather, (rum the Jael to the 13th rat posaible for harvest operations ; 13th ode r 'tonne with lightning; 13th, Ifklie sad tit iso progress acad.: with harvest ' • INA M 91Ith • forting weather, and on forwaril sails the wheat, three-fourth oats, and one of the barley i. secure,) in the finest possible . threshing of new wheat is going forward trot. ; the weather at present is dull al us for maturing of awn, yet the glasses ke' h. MULTIPLICATION BT DIVISION.- Au C 3 the h entity of wheat has, darleg the Pee l • ' ell out in the garden of Ile. Gleam. a Mre ham, of which lbs followkeg h a correct no 13th of July, 1850. • alai& grata of whew the eantes; the ytaatimar all is tea d day' auttantly till the 13th of wee tat diluted into slips, and The /WE - • till the 13thra plas of If twaialaw, Oil divided, sad , mad solliamdl dr Cl April of lie erw ted pan rim The VI Iltiaalably wet, they wan ii lam I as less dna 114 *MY g fir Ask peradAWl to oral till the moat ma* dlff IMO prodsetlee of the =NW MS of what, =my of them Cl ads da..•••: M was of eara. The map au nissailpaaskas &thirds atatitellAVTO dad praisetisit ad. Waiderre lo win sliorthea the oglshift nelson f Aka soft et wheat is artitey Odd la INA Is die jadeataat of aim radio bet Cl de amaleg posesselMON of ita tke mob treatiarak aay say may sr, • Ow aaperlatest. ell dose, for ii. OM, • • len bulb, reared on • Th reserve, from whence • s th i e {real rare should be — w k tr eyed turf, lealmould, • th e is its composition; wet • • les ry old, indeed, and then i rou t, r. Dahlias, as we °Mery so d, almost every rare; but w shark es make us forget old t h, silyantlaus. lOr iustanee, wi. Ti otter part of this month bring, with all theme lit 'll w told weeds, alma) ing foliage th, a, inculcated, but too ofte • w i„ only JAIRDEN. w ey. spinach, &c., should anal . W iutrude upon each other Leo lettuce may be planted on . aspect, reserving the mo. win south borders far endive ae truce. Two sowings more {ow dervish. of tan day.. A • ••• Is.staly of early Asiatic ca • " he handliglits, anal pre4erv . at t h e same time a Biel,, earl tee, for an early spring crop, • . for main crop neat. Tr • It , TWO, ' eight inches monde arths will • draw. is • you awl the remainder will be If "a dm., should be tr t o 1 ue Lug: enough to Iselandl • anal elm ▪ 11.1.1.—The following qt, , from a sure hand • -" fiyal • eel, twin given to survey and • but ad 10 acres, in every eligi rot aw are now nearly 1,: 1 the o sail Ireland which grant • Ilk awe of orders issued in Load.. not ✓ is about 4;110,it00. the grented at the rece iving n gll ondsin, beyond the three-n . s in Dublin and Eilinbirg such 331ficl. annually ; at Loc ter, 10(0,900; at Binning • pn a each °thee; and at Bristol • a t i othre. The total amount • obi antes' yearly all over the Is • , '. sterling, tin enormous sun '"' e small money trannaetion the gross amounts of = balance each other at 1 appear, to he a renter sal such amount. at imbed tar no. the balance in f • ex velar town is a sign of its principal portion of the win der office consists of the a I. • en among the working c It ales of capital and cote ; • CM more more rapidly than than • fit and the latter consequently la • through the :Money • If reprise does not keep pacewi 'anion. the surplus of the hl t capital is !wing corroded • ' the first-mentioned places . or. Such places nosy be t. s stionaryorith regard to • . to I those towns hierea...ed by i P. .rn of paid and issued cede Ily. together with the • n ig periods in the preceding re in e of great assistance to wide 'tabling them to note witl t• with the increase anal dear a Kenna in which enterprise a • 1 the various shifting' from • • t dustrial population. A rpo t. causes which affect the con t land paid orders at the vui. • f resting anal important &acumen 2 el by wan. of inquiries of lee any inspection of advice, hold ist contain the trade or ecru Vtifilce money order Llamas; • • t itTll NOITINGII.4IOIIIIIE. t orrimiondent writes Oa lona t is from a persona survey of t Aire ; The quality of what Barley, of good malting guild j uts, peas, and rye a full awl • c id to last you. Tits producer , a full average ; piss and • cone-fourth short of the ries, one-fourth more them 3 , twentieth part of dimmest min the 2. 1 to the 13th inst. it operations ; 11th and 1 4 twa 13th, 161,14 and lith • • harvest • leek altli bet. ad on fo rward sulk ow' limb oats, and ose4 el in the finest possible twills chest is going forward in at present se dull and 10 • urn, yet the "llama keep up • • Dinsiox. An has, dwriwg tom ISM Y era l . m . of Kr. Mow, • w .. 1 orm , b a coned oisossti e sleek wlu Buda of wheat meillir tillia r is to dap. f imago N The Slab ovember, lass Wry ww• y Wf ycc rated, ed mimed W present rm. woWbor , they Wan ml law wit, 114 pinnial Omni till this gessonS rtesibildill ve of*, onawillg mooller cm of fii doo• 11 The sop woo Ards u u Hos ast. WblOW 1110 the epiwitlndllem w N vs seat in eadinfirf swat of wow pwwww messemims theht" M owe we aloft satirrY hi- THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, AUGUST 30, IRSI. LITERATURE. !assistants, who arc, the lieutenant - general c omma n ding the !military schools, the lieutenant-general in charge of the ord nance stores, the lieutenant-general superinttndent of menu /sm. F ra . o f Ottoman History : A Political Essay on the factures for the army, the factories being government pro late I:. /aims in Turkey. By Jamas liam at &Lase. petty, and the lieutenant-general commander-in-chief of the Cherries and Hall. reserve. The civil members arc invested with the financial This is a pamphlet upon a subject of growing and administrative functions of the antic council, and the importance in the present state of Europe, — the mili - m ajeor-goeneralr it the head of the central ad staff, a t - s well as the tary sit ength of Turkey. It traces the changes which Lo n at t ached m iCo'cirter . m . i i tg co th u e n d c t i t i fies4t e6 j us utng i e tra neral , are the Ottoman army has undergone, the magnitude of by this body is divided intotwo sections; the first being the which naturally divides the history into three judgment of appeals and the revision of sentences; and the eras. The first of these includes the rise of woad consisting in the lisposal of the_trooys, their move the empire through those remarkable troops the meat , and the purchases for their use. fie Mes d this supreme v a n l c i i e l u , te each army t-ene has . i t t e co t an o cil of war, which els i n s e f l lrmed laniswu ICS, and its decline through their dim:or ganisation and intrigues. The second period is nant-colonel, a i nfilitary supe rintendent, ie or peim o aster cu an te d that which intervenes between the destruction of the a secretary (' •" ' hay' the rank of • •an d ' each major , .... janiarxirl and the establishment of the regular army of the present day ; and the last commences with that ist,thlishment. The contrast between the two periods of conquest and decline is strikingly put in ' the following sketch of the BAWLS'S OF THE JANISNAII4IIS. In the first phials of Turkish history, many great battles, both in Europe and in Asia, proved the valour and efficiency of . the Otbiluait army, and principally of the janissaries. The series bezius at Agridshe, which town they stormed is 1268; and atter that come the victories of Kujuuhisear, over ituaalo, th• commander of the Ilysantine guards, in 1303; of p e l e ksin , ,n, when they defeated the Emperor Andronicas Junior, in 1330; of the Mariana, in which they routed the combined Ilun/arian, Servian, and Bosnian forces, under King 1.40 ii, in 1363; of 'cesium, where they beat the Caramanians, in 1366 ; of Kussova, where they conquered I the di ff erent Selavonian armies, in 1149 ; of Nicopuli, where I they totally routed the French and German knights under King Sigi•mund, 1396; of Tshunurli t when they made Ilohamilhil sole master of the empire, in 1413; of Varna, where they destroyed the armies of the liungariau king, Louis, and of Huoyad, in 1114; of Kumova, when they de bated Hunyad's Keeled army, in 1442 ; of Ermenak, where they again routed the Caramardans, in 1463 ; of Larends, where they overeame them for the third time, in 1166 ; of Terdshan, when they conquered the Prince Usunhasum, in 1473; or Hosbeuni, where they subdued the Moldaeians, reader their hospodar, Stephad, is 1476; of &Aber, where they vanquished the Croatians under Dereneseny, In 1493; of Tshal,liran when they overthrew Shah Ismail, in 1514 ; of Merelsh Uabik, where they defeated the Mameluke king, Kmsu Muni, in 1516; Mohacs, where they beat the ' Hungarians, ender their king, L ouis 11., in 1526; of Hem:us, when they routed the Austrians, in 1.596 ; and of Neuhuuml, wiliest they defeated the Hungarians, under pergola, In 1663. Tim amber of ' defeats which they suffered from • (kiatip), having garrison has also its council, composed of the senior ol9cers in their respective rank. The councils try military offences, but they do not pais sentence, as the application of the law is entrusted to the aulic council alone, and they merely take evidence, give their opinion on the guilt of the accused, and report the case to head-quarters, acting thus as a jury rather than as a tribunal. No one who has been in the habit of sitting on regimental courts-martial in the British army can avoid wishing that the Turkish system in this respect should be adopted as a model, for many • soldier in its ranks has been condemned by judges who are less adequate to wield the swordof justice than that of victory, and whose education has but little prepared them for the appreciation of evidence, to understand the nature of which a special study is required. This principle, which deserves admira tion in the Turkish army, is applied also to the military conduct of every commanding officer, however diminutive I may be Iris command ; and no officer so situated, be it in the direction of a company, • battalion, a regiment, a bri gade, a corps, or an army, can act without the concurrence of Isis respective council; but when he does act the re sponsibility is his own. This is an excellent system in a newly-organised force, as it precludes the possibility of abuses of power, and irregularities or even dishonesty in the mode of provisioning, &c. In this respect the British army requires no lesson from other military establishments; but there is a great army of Europe which would do well to take a leaf out of the Sultan's book in this respect, and that army belongs to the Sultan's habitual enemy ; for the tel. then of the Czar suffer more cold, hunger, and sickness, wherever they arc exposed to hardships than the troops of other countries, in consequence of the speculating on clothing, food, and medicines, which is practised by colo nels, captains, and surgeons. We arc not 60 sure as the author that the British army has nothing to learn from its ally in this matter of provisioning, at lead if the term may be allowed to include the dress of a soldier—but let at signal the year 12201 to 1863, was only four, * bang Are al I Angora, where tho Tacks were routed by Timm, la 1402; of Vamp. where they were wonted by Honyad, in 1442; of n hi re tht y were beaten by Usunhassan, in 1423; and of Ville., where they were de Bated by Kinis, in 1492. S.,ortly after the middle of the seventeenth century, the period of deeline commenced, and the janissarieA, who were the primary came of it, were accordingly as remarkable tluserforward for their want of success as they had pre . that pass. One more extract is necessary to com plete the view of the Sultan's army ; it relates to the MATERIAL COMPORTS OP A TURKISH SOLDIER. The nicks is almost too well cared for, it such a thing be possible, with regard to the material comforts bestowed on those to whom the safety of a country is confided. The pay of a private varies, according to the branch of the army in which he serves from 20 to 30 Turkish piastres per month—that is, from 3s. 6d. to se. Gd. e - which is . as rire bones of the face or thole of the skull are more highli ' developed. A greater relative development of the jaws and cheek-bones, says the author of the " Natural History of i Man," indicates a more ample extension of the organs sub servient to sensation and the animal faculties. Such a con figuration is adapted to the wandering tribes ; whereas the greater relative development of the bones of the skull— , indicating as it does • greater expansion of the brain, and consequently of the intellectual faculties—is especially adapted to the civilised races or settlers, who depend mainly on their knowledge of the powers and properties of things for the necessaries and comforts of life. Moreover it would appear that not only are all races divisible into wanderers and settlers, but that each civilised or settled tribe has generally some wandering horde inter mingled with, and in a measure preying upon, it. According to Dr. Andrew Smith, who has recently made extensive observations in South Africa, almost every tribe of people who have submitted themselves to social laws, recognising the rights of property and reciprocal social duties, and thus acquiring wealth and forming themselves into a respectable caste, are surrounded by hordes of vaga bonds and outcasts from their own community. Such are the Bushmen and Sonquas of the Hottentot race—the term " 'longue" meaning literally pauper. But a similar condi tion in society produces similar results in regard to other rates; and the Kathrs have their Bushmen as well as the Hottentots—these are called Fintoes—a word signifying wanderers, beggars, or outcasts. The Lappes seem to have borne a somewhat similar relation to the k inns ; that is to say, they appear to have been a wild and predatory tribe who sought the desert like the Arabian Bedouins, while the Finns cultivated the soil like the industrious Fellatio. But a phenomenon still more deserving of notice is the difference of speech between the Bushmen and the Hotten tots. The people of some hordes, Dr. Andrew Smith assures us, vary their speech designedly, and adopt new words, with the intent of rendering their ideas unintelligible to all but the members of their own community. For this which is called " last custom a peculiar name esiets, ____— ease cat." This is considered as greatly advantageous in assist ing concealmtnt of their designs. Here, then, we have a series of facts of the utmost social importance. 1. There are two distinct races of men, viz.:— the wandering and the civilised tribes ; 2. To each of these tribes a different form of head is peculiar, the wondering races being remarkable for the development of the bones of the face, as the jaws, check-bones, ece., and the civilised for of the head each civilised Mously been for their victories. Thus Monteeueuli repulsed them at St. Oothard, in 1661; hid they w•sre defeated by Sobieski at Chotaim , in 1673; by the same at Lemberg, is 676;1 by Lothrinuen at Parka y, M 1681; by the same at Mohan, in 1687 ; at Salankemen in inpl, at Z, nta in 1607, and at Petarwardein in 1716, by Prime Eozene; at Arpash.ii, by Nadir Kuli Khan, in 17 ea the Siva. Kara, bj Itoinanzovr in 1770; at l'acirdjik, by the Russians, is 1744; at l'inslaa;n, by Laudon, in 17719; at Martinesti, by SOWTOW, in the same year; at Itutabok, by Kanuaski, in 1811; at Pete, by Botzaris, in 18'22 ; and at Karpenis-a, by the mate, in 1823. Their sit-twin, from the year 1664 to 1826, when the heisseris. vs, re destroyed, tesseht only in those of Parkin, where sobitski was defeated by then in 1683 ; of Begs, on the Times, when the Austrian were beaten by them in - of Duldsheilik, w h e n the - of Nadir Shah was sterlin f exclusive of food, medicines , sad clothing. 'he rations consist of meat, bread, rice, and vegetables in abundance ovary day, besides butter or oil to cook with them. No beverage is allowed but water, according to Mahometan Me; and the expense to government of each ration is GO plubss per month, which, with his clothing, for which no u is made, raises the pay of a Turkish soldier above trat i 7 British one. The military hospitals might serve as •pettern of cleanliness to the first armies of the world, and ibe medical officers are now perfectly efficient, sense of them bails studied at European universities, others having be lga@ ents in their art at the medical college of Con elal a few being foreigners. The health of the bow b Uy excellent; so much so, that no one eauslaa, mks 30 men out of 3,450 were in hospital, it ap peared so alarming to the staff of the garrison that a general held - what -- should be 1606; e. —.. army . English " cuze-car" or " slang' - ' — 'as it is called—for the c oi routed In them ia 1/33; of !Lemke, where the Austrians, aw l, r Wallis, were defeated by them in 1;39 ; and of Rut- coalment of their designs : these are points of coincidence shuk, when the Russians, under Kutsoff, were driven scrum et, striking that, when placed before the mind, make us th, Danube by them in 1812. marvel that the analogy should have remained thus long Tkis period of almost unvarying discomfiture, after • unnoticed. tarter of equally unparalleled swoon, must have a cause. The resemblance once discovered, however, becomes of he Selena experienced no difficulty in raising troops ; great service in enabling us to us to use the moral charm thee troop. were still remarkable for that personal courage teristics of the nomad,: races of other countries as a means wl.ieh is a characteristic of their nation ; it therefore could of comprehending the more readily those of the vagabonds only ari, e from the deterioration of their discipline, which and outcasts of our own. Let us, therefore, before entering w e noteaous ; and the decline of Turkey, when silted and upon the subject is hand, brie fl y run over the distinctive, scaly. d, will be found to have proceeded from the eorrup- moral, and intellectual feature of the wandering tribes in corral. Lon of the janiasaries more than from any other source, g The nomad then is distinguished from the civilised man Mr. Skerie assigns the honour of commencing the by his repugnance to regular and continuous labour—by his work of Turkey's regeneration to the Sultan :Shah- want of providence in laying up a store for the future—by mond. That ruler, however, could only dig the his inability to perceive consequences ever so slightly re found:it ion of his country's prosperity, and lay the first moved from immediate apprehension—by his passion for Stone of the edifice which Sultan Abdul Nletljid hag stupefying herbs and roots, and, when possible, for intoxi cating fermented liquors—by his extraordinary powers of since been enabled to erect: for a species of fatality enduring privation—by his comparative insensibility to pain seemed to pursue the father, while in all which he —by an immoderate love of gaming, frequently risking his has undirtuken good fortune has attended the son. own personal liberty upon a single cast—by his love of li lt was Abdul Medjid who introduced, on the 3rd of bidinous dances—by the pleasure he experiences in witness- November, 1629, the all-important Tanzimat, or ing the suffering of sentient creatures—by his delight in warfare and all perilous sports—by his desire fur vengeance "siting in order," the attempted application of which —by the looseness of his notions as to property—by the ab to lige pt has caused so much outcry. By the prods- sencc of chastity among his women, and his disregard of fe mation announcing the Tanzimat, the Sultan de- male honour—and lastly by his vag u e sense of religion, his elated that henceforward the iustitutions of his states rude idea of a Creator, and utter absence of all apprecia must be founded or reformed on three points. tiou a the mercy of the Divine Spirit. Strange to my, despite its privations, its dangers, and its These are:—l. The conditions which insure to the hardship', them who have ouco adopted the savage and subject the enjoyment of perfect security of life, wandering mode of life, rarely abandon it. There arecount honour, and property. 2. A regular mode of este- less examples of white men adopting all the usages of the blisbing and collecting the taxes. 3. A method Indian hunter, but there is scarcely one example of the In. equally regular of recruiting soldiers and of fixing than hunter or trapper adopting the steady and regular habits of civilised life ; indeed, the various missionaries who their term of service. Mr. S•kene assures us that the have visited nomade races have found their lalsours utterly nor law thus conceived is virtually applied and unavailing, so long ass wandering life continued, and have universally respected; and that in consequence of succeeded 112 bestowing the elements of civilisation only on the new policy net only has the army been or- Landon Labour and London P oor . Vol. I. By Ha sax thes o o compelled by circumstances to adopt a settled habi g mised upon a better system, but, through the pros- MATHEW. tat' n 0 . 5, THE WANDERING TRIBES Or THIS CoUNTRT. perity of the empire, population has greatly increased, There can be no doubt as to the importance of The nomadic races of Englund arc of many distinct kinds— both by the preservation of life resulting from the arriving at a just estimate of the condition , earnings, from the habitual vagrant—hale beggar, half-thief—sleeping prevention of infanticide, and also by extensive hu- and prospects of t h e labouring classes of L on d on. ' If in barns, tents, and casual wards—to the mechanic on tramp, migration from neighbouring states. Our author's modern legislation have any feature that separates it u d i iit i r u e i a g to h w 6 ns bed on an4 "Z er to from •l h w e o ti rl d . e s li e et ie w t- t.: s m in th the ese thief business, however, is with the military array of from the legislation of the last century, it is the care two extremes there are several mediate varieties, consisting lie country, and he gives the following information it professes to take of the working classes. The die of pedlars, showmen, harvest-men, and all that large elms lligill t resses amid struggles of the working poor have who li ve by either selling, showing, or doing something THE LAND reacts Or TUREST. been so often the through the country. These are, so to speak, the rural The ll'Vlttl, or regular army, organised by the present theme of modern senatorial nomads—nut coufintng their wanderingstoany one particular ratan, which is the most prominent and conspicuous fea- eloquence , and this eloque nce has been based upon locality, but ranging often from on end of the land to the tar, of the new system, and which is the most engrossing such scanty knowledge, that the display has other. Insides these there are the urban and suburban teeter:Rion with respect to Turkey, in the present era of almost ceased to interest, since it has long ago wanderers, or those who follow some itinerant occupation in •as and rumours of wars, was established in the beginuiug °mo d to i nstruc t, The parliamentary knowledge of and round about the large towns. Such are, in the metro s: the year 1842, under the special superintendency of the the habits, h ar d s hi ps, an d ' • Is easier, ltiza Pasha, then leading minister. It is divided street-sellera the street performers, the cabmen, e'.. six s. 'orate armies, called Urdu in Turkish. Each of London is of the most meagre description. Acts of the coachmen , the watermen , t h e sailors, and such like. In tee co r net of two services the Active, r Nizarnia, and parliament vitally affecting the weltare of the work- each of these classes—according as they partake more or less ea Ike r, e, or /fedi/ The former co ntai n s two corps, mg man have been passed of late by scores; yet has of the purely vagabond, doing nothing whatsoever for their ant, r tie command of their respective licuteuant-generals the working man, as a social creature, up to this living, but musing from place to place preying upon the (f , de, ; “tat the latter, also two corps, commanded in time t i me b een un k nown to t h e l eg i s l at i ve b o d y . It was earning' of the more industrious portion of the community, me. so will the attributes of the nomads tribes be found to be 0' I' se , ey a brigadier (Lira) ; the whole Urdu being under to publish full and accurate descriptions of the more or less marked in them. Whether it be that in the ti. ~eI, r,. of a tichtmarshal (.11mhir). The general staff of 11. ° I rtriny is composed of a commander-in-chief, two lieu- tropolitan working man, that Mr. Henry Mayhew mere act of wandering, there is a greater determination of Niels, three brigadiers of infantry, one of whom some time bock began his visits to the terrible courts blood to the surface of the body, and consequently a leas , .. , ..n.i• the reserve, two brigadiers of cavalry, and one and alleys, past which citizens usuall y hurry w ith quantity sent to t - i e train, the muscles being thus nourished le ; e.. rSi artillery. In each corps there arc three regi- amain, toaye p rise at the expense of the mind, I leave physiologists to say. Hat averted faces. Ho h v..os.•f infantry, two of cavalry, and one of artillery, with ..,,,,, in his labours, i the face of difii- certainly, be the physical cause what it may, we must all tea l a la. ii guns. The total strength of these twelve rcgi- "'es' urso 11 allow that in each of the clusses above-meationed* there Is that might well have a greater development of the anitual than of the intellectual , s at. of the active force is 30,000 men. but it is diminished cultic' and disgusts is! me et peace by furlough to au effective strengths of about excused the abandonment of the task, and now the or moral nature of man, and that they are all more or less , '2,...,r, eon in three of the six armies, and of 14,000 in the first volume of his publication lies before us, As a distinguished for their high cheek-bones and protruding v.: r thre e in consequence of the recruiting system being as marvellous collection of facts and statistics hitherto jaws—for their use of a slang language—ter their lax ideas - nesuplete in its application allover the Turkish empireroperty—for their general improvidence—their repug unknown, it is a work which has an undoubted claim name to continuous labour—their disregard of female ho -1 e ehei e ,etablishment of this branch amounts, therefore, t. I seise nee b elong i ng to the active service, but its epees- upon the attention of all practical statesmen. It nour—their love of cruelty—their pugnacity—and their te, orenath is at psemeut 123,000. The reserve of four of opens a field of speculation that may lead to many utter want of religion. 1.., ex armies aaaaiwa ID eleven regiments—six of infantry. changes in the dogmas of modern politicians—it pre- Or TIIE LONDON STREET-TOLE. fee et i milry, sad one of artillery ; composing a force of nuts worki„ men and women to us from a point of Those who obtain their living in the streets of the metro eases). effective soldiers, while the other two armies have • • t" ye their reserve of soldiers who have served five years. view in w hi c h w..• hav e never before beheld them. resorted to in order "to pick up a crust," as the people call la i.a.• of war, however, the reserve:would form two corps It abounds with stories of heroic endurance, hopeless it, in the public thoroughfares (and such in mauy instances of 2 .... awes is etch army ; giving a total of 300,000, when struggles, and despairing crime. There are some it literally is), are so multifarious that the mind is long tea eetaleishnient shall have been completed. The two we• general refl e ction's, however, to be gathered baffled in its attempts to reduce them to scientific order or tee. th, refute. as they now stand, form an effective force of f rom the moral of the volume, which in- classification. :.• ''.' vs -' men ; and when their full strength shall have been e ,,,,„„, a It would appear, however, that the street-people may be I te: el up, a will amount to 480,000. Besides these six armies •r``', -or-, and should whisper courage to the all arranged under six distinct genera or kinds. teeli I lee* men The traits o noble brotherhood These are severally :-1. Street-sellers ;2. Street-buyers ; th , re an four detached corps : one on the island of Crete, loom reionner. c ....i.t - , at three regiments of infantry and one of cavalry, that redeem even the lowest, abound, and are re- 3. Street - finders ; 4. Streeeperfermera, artists, and show : another in the pashalik of Tripoli, m cor d e d with a genuine feeling of sympathy. That m en ;3. Street-artisans,or working pedlars and, G. Street -1 labourers. *nes, ow/mooed of one regiment of infantry and one of f„,e . 4 Y. about .1,000 strong; a third at Tunis, of the same it is the poor who succour the poor, 3lr. Nlayhew As an example of the heart-rending . struggles 7 , 11. ah: anal a fourth, which is the central artillery turps, will willingly bear witness. That faults are met .nu. 3of brigade of sappers and miners , with engineer withchang e; chat elf. • has its full meed of which serve as a background to the glittering wealth s enng and prosperity of London, we extract an account of C.N41.. . the veteran artillery brig ade , and permanent sympathy ; that honour to one another marks the ar e"l'e7 fearraoris of the fortres ses OD the Hellespont. the intercourse of men who wage war upon the public THE CRIPPLED NUTMEG-GRATER SELLER. . I now give an example of one of the classes driven to the L 'Pherue the Danube, in Serbia, on the Adriatic, the "'et of A.i./ bleier, in the islands of the Ale I o and nerally, are facts which we are happy to glean s treets by utter i nability to labour. I have already spoken on the eathe ' We ''g .of the sterling independence of some of these men possessing TL 'e f r° shore of the Black Sea ; in all S ' tli)° mea ' A nd then as to the ram the hopeful lessons in the volume before us. 'ar eon% raiM the effective strength of the standingen faults and crimes to be recorded the strongest claims to our sympathy and charity , and yet any, to 100.000 men. Besides this addition, another aug- of the struggling, starving eostermonger and his preferring to sell rather than beg. As I said before, many ingrained beggars certainly use the street trade as a cloak au utetiou of 32.000 men will be realised by the subm i ss i on companions. Arcand not these, generally, only COILTSe far alins-seeking, but as certainly many more, with every ',•," . increase of 40,000 men, whom Serbia has engaged to • • imitations of more respectable trespassers ? The cos title to our assistance, use it as a means of redemption from iennonger, with his bad fish, is but a COHTSC copy of beggary. That the nutmeg-grater seller is a noble example e .i reeil. may he calculated, 34 well as 18,000 men serving is , t !rt. * l lO are a es ei ne a to reinforce the reserve o f the fi fth ilso respectable grocer with his sanded sugar; and of the fatter class, I have not the least doubt. I have made , and workmen enrolled a ,kee The marines, sailors , i has the repulsive vagrant, with his abandoned woman, all due inquiries to satisfy. myself as to his worthiness, and li , ral ea 4of armed • r 4 . 4 : 4, .. amuunt to 31,000 men • and the police force, nograllel in classes many removes above him? F itc,l all over the empire , is nearly 30,000 strong. The I feeconvinced that when the reader looks at the portrait here ggi ven, and observes how utterly helpless the poor fel volume is confined to a description of I • - and llow is , and then reads the following plain unvarnished tale, i, er hee , . men at the . disposal of Turks y be will marvel like mc, not only at the fortitude which in the the classes epre" W n h t o get their living in the streets ; ~.. , be :lama resources being called into play, may s • , ''''''re foisted at no less than 661,000 men, withoutinto could sustain him under all his b,ea afflictions but at the the in c marks on the two races . . . lee , • trodu to 7 re "..,..: r• `verse to occasional levies, which are more easily which Mr. May ew divides the labouring classes of 1 resignation (not to say philosophy) with which ke bears thNn I atta. ally realised in Turkey team in another • y and will give the reader an idea of the philoso- , ever/ one. His struggles to earn his own living (notwith therel standing his physical incapacity even to put the victua:s to are some Rood hints to be learned from the pine spirit in which this important task is tip- his mouth after he has earned Oscan), are instance' of a no aelllues account the preached : bility of pride that are I believe without a parallel. The TURKISH COURTS-MARTIAL. Or WANDERING TRIBES IN GENERAL , rot . creature's legs and arms arc completely withered ; in- The lard forces are ender th e orders ofthe e ei Of the thousand milieus of human beings that are said to , deed he is scarcely more than head and trunk. His thigh Sres er, --, i• th e miaiste population of the entire globe, there are— ,is hardly thicker than a child's wrist. His hands are bent ie. Ir . i. . r-at-war as well as the commander-in- constitute the . lb, . , ~ is assisted by • supremo or italic council socially, morally , and perhaps even physically . considered— , inward from contraction of the sinews, the fingers being te " ea)• It is presided oer by a field-marshal, and but two distinct arid broadly marked races, , the wan- I curled up and almost as thin as the claws of a bird's foot. . a —a Kasioakier, or president of the supreme driers and the settlers—the vagabond and the citizen—the He is unable . te te et. .even to stand, and cannot move from place to t e, „.„ Justice, who bee the right of veto—is taken nom nomadic and the civilized tribes. Between these two ex- , place but on his knees, winch , are shod with leather caps ; . puc : el, or magistracy. The latter watches over the tresses, however, ethnologists recognise a mediate variety, I like the heels of a clog, strapped round the joint ; the sole t ° ,'„". eh'''n of the law in Criminal eases w hi c h are tr i e d by parts of the attributes of both. There is not only the of his boots are on the upper leathers, that being the part " 4 +1.,.1 and he is responsible of - hunters and mattufaeturers—those who live by alway s turned towards the ground while he is crawliag ' ra ved b .. . e for the general measures race lit e „ 3lt brag is hermony with the letter and spirit of shooting and fishing, and those who live those roducing—but, aleng. Jima countenance is rather handsome than other e...."-a o f uropradence. There are not many armies in say , they, there are also the herdsmen, or wholes by wise • • the intelligence indicated by his ample forehead is t ...•"rale'which would not derive advantage from the imitate ' and feeding, what they consume . full 'borne out b the testimony as to his sagacity in his y y -"tilii special ' ' • ` °du* of lit claws has its 'an d distinctive phy- business, and the mild expression of his eye by the state - 1 tb. institution The military members of Bach me ' 411 161 are t wo ti e • istenantannenls, with four official dal as will as moral " There are in ass- meats as to his feeling for all hers in affliction. the development of those ; (3) to tribe there is generally a wandering horde attached ; (4) such wandering hordes have frequently a different language from the more civilised portion of the community, and that adopted with the intent of concealing their designs and ex ploits from them. It is curious that no one has as yet applied the above facts to the explanation of certain anomalies in the present state of society among ourselves. That we, like the liattlrs, bellahs and linos, aro surrounded by wandering hordes —the " Sonquas" and the " Flagon" of this country paupers, beggars, and outcasts, possessing nothing but what they acquire by depredation from the industrious, provident, and cividned portion of the community ;—that the heads of these nomades are remarkable for the greater development of the jaws and cheek-bones rather than those of the head; and that they have a secret language of their ow^ . . _ „ eo ...onsultation was _ to decide ow wl steps taken to oppose the progress of the sickness. Ono man in every seventy is no unusual occurrence in the hospitals of the British army; and as for the Russians, they thought little of 12,000 who died at Bucharest in 1829, 10,000 at Varna, and 6,000 at Adrianople. The Turkish clothing is excellent; it is strung an warm. The uniform is plain and neat—dark blue, with red facings, excepting the cavalry and artillery of the 2nd Ordts, who wear red jackets, and in the ltd, 4th, sth, and 6th, purple, brown, fawn-coloured, and Nett blue. The officers have geld epaulettes, and lace on tl~elr collars and cuffs, according to their rank. Their rations OM included in their pay, which is as follows : Piastres per mouth. Per annum. Field-marshal (.llushir) Lieutenant - general (Ferik), while in command of a corps Ditto while in command of his sole division Major-generals (Lire) Colonels(Miralia Lieutenant-colone ls (k asepses) 2,000 „ 220 Majors (Biabutlis) Adjutants (Colayers) 7OO ~ 75 Captains (IsszbasAi) Lieutenants (Mulaziss) Ensigns (ifulazina Sans) Serjeants-maiors (Bosh faharsh) 80 besides rations. Serpents (Taharsh) Corporals (Onbashi) By this table it would appear that the superior officers are overpaid, and the inferior officers underpaid. The army estimates are 2,000,0001. per annum, and those of the navy 800,0001. Mr. Skene's pamphlet is a very instructiae and timely publication , just as every lover of freedom sad fair play is hoping that Turkey may be none the worse for her protection and promised liberation of the illustrious Kossuth. kind," says Dr. Pritchard, " three principal varieties in the d " I sell =tenet-graters and funneb," said the cripple to lme and never pay Mt. The never made game of form of the head and other physical characters. Among me ; " I sell them at Id. and lid. a-piece. I get mine of played me any tricks, and if they saw the boys doing ft the rudest tribes of men—the hunters and savage inhabit- the man in whose house I live. lie is a unman, and makes they would protect me. They never offered to give me nd ants of forests, dependent for their supply of food on the fur the street-trade and shops and all. Ipi 7d. a dozen ' victuals; indeed, I should't have liked to have eaten the accidental produce of the soil and the chase—a form of for them, and I get led. or 18d. per dozen, if I can, when I food they . got. After that I couldn't pay my lodgings, and head is prevalent which is meetly distinguished by the term sell them, but I mostly get only a penny ~ p iece—it'se — it's quite the parties where I lodged turned me out, and I h ad to "prognathous" indicating a prolongation or extension fur- a chance if I have a customer at 11J. Some lays I sell only crawl about the streets fur four days and nights. This was ward of the jaws. A second shape of the head belonrs three—some days not one—though Pin oat (ruin ten o'clock only a month back. I was St to die with pain all that time. principally to such rues as wander with their herds and till six. Thu most I ever took was 3s. la a day. Soma If I could get a penny I used to go into a coffee-shop for flocks over vast plains ; these nations have broad lounge- weeks I hardly clear my expanses—and they're between 7s. half-a-pint of coffee, and sit thero till they drove me out, shaped faces (owing to the great development of the cheek and Bs. a-week • for not being able to drain and mares' my- and then I'd crawl about till it was time for me to go out bones), and pyramidal skulL. The most civilised races, on self, Pm obligated to pay some one to do it for me—l think selling. Oh ! dreadful, dreadful, it was to be all them hours— the other hand—those who live by the arts of cultivated I don't clear more than 7s. a-week, take one week with ' day and night—on my knees. I couldn't get along at all, I life,—have a shape of the head which differs from both of another. When I dont make that much, Igo without— was forced to sit down every minute, and then I used to fall those above mentioned. The characteristic form of the sometimes friends who arc kind to me give me a trifle, or asleep with my things in my hand, and be woke up by skull among these nations may be tcrmedoval or elliptical." else I should starve. As near as I can judge, I take about the police to bo pushed about and dray on by them. These three forms of head, however, clearly admit of 18s. a-week, and out of that I clear about ia. or 7s. I pay It seemed like as if I was walking on the hare bones being reduced to two broadly-marked varieties, according for my meals as I have them-3d. er 4d. a mead. I pay of my knees. The - ' in them was like the • everylaight for my lodging as I go in, if I ean, but if not my landlandly lets it run a night or two. I give her Is. a week for my washing and looking after me, and Is. &I. for my lodging. When Ido very well I have three meals a-day, bu: it's oftener only two—breakfast and supper— unless of Sunday. On a wet day, when I can't get out, I often go without food. I may have a bit of bread and butter given me, but that's all—then I lie a-bed. I fell miserable enough when I see the rain come down of a 1 1 week day ' I can tell you. Ah, it is very miserable indeed lying in bed all day, and in a lonely room, without perhaps a Peron to come near one—helpless as I am—and hear the rain boat against the windows, and all that without nothing to put in your lips. I've done that over and over again where I lived before ; but where I am now I am more com fortable like. My breakfast is mostly breac and butter and tea ; and my supper, bread and butter end tea with a bit of fish, or a small bit of meat. What my Landlord and land lady has I share with them. I never break my fast from the time I go out in the morning till I come home—unless it is a halfpenny orange I buy in the street; I do that when' I feel faint. I have only been selling in the streets since this last winter. I was in the workhouse with a fever all the summer. I was destitute afterwards, and obliged to begin selling in the streets. The guardians gave me ss. to get stock. I had always dealt in tin ware, so I knew where to go to buy my things. It's very hard work indeed is street selling fur such as me. I can't walk no distance. I suffer a great deal of pains in my back and knees. Sometimes I go in a barrow, when I'm travelling any great way. When Igo only • short way I crawl along on my knees and toes. The most I've ever crawled is two miles. When I get home afterwards, I'm in great pain. My knees swell dreadfully, and they're all covered with blisters, and my toes ache awful. I've corns all on top of them. " Often after I've been walking, my limbs and back ache so badly that I can get no sleep. Across my lines it feels es if I'd got some great weight, and my knees are in a heat, j and throb, and feel as if a knife was -- + into them. running into When I go up-stairs I have to crawl upon the back of my hands and my knees. I can't lift nothing to my mouth. The sinews of my hands is all contracted. I am obliged to have things held to my lips for me, to drink, like a child. I can use a knife and fork by leaning my arm on the table and then stooping my head to it. I can't wask nor ondress myself. Sometimes I think of my helplessness a great deal. The thoughts of it used to throw me into fits at one time— '. bad. It's the Almighty's will that I am so, and I must • very bad. a+ abide by it. People says, cc they passes me in the streets, Poor fellow, it's n shocking thing; but very seldom they does any more than pity me ; some lays out a half-penny or a penny with me, but the most of 'eta goes on about their business. Persons looks at me a good bit when I go into a strange place. I do feel it very much that I haven't the power to get my living or to do a thing for my self, but I never begged for nothing. I'd sooner starve than I'd do that. I never thou.rht that people whom God bad given the power to help thcirselves ought to help me. I have thought that I'm as I am—obliged to go on my hands and knees, from no fault of my awn. Often I've done that, and I've over and over again laid in bed and wondered why the Almighty should send me into the world in such a state ; o ft en I've done that on a wet day, with nothing to cat and no friend to come a nigh me. Whim I've r along the street+, too, and been in pain, I've pain . cram p, only much worse. At last I could bear it no longer, so I I went afore Mr. Seeker, the magistrate, at Union-hall, and told him I was destitute, and that the parties where I had been living kept my bell and the few things I had for 25.6 d. rent, that I owed them. He said he couldn't believe that anybody would force me to crawl about the streets, for four days and nights, cripple as I was, for such a sum. One of the o ffi cers told him I was a honest and striving man, and the magistrate sent the officer, with the money, to get my things, but the landlady wouldn't give them till the officer compelled her, and then she chucked my bed out int.) the middle of the street. A neighbour took it in for me and took care of it till I found out the tinman who had before let mo sit up in his house. I should have gone to him at first, but he lived farther than I could walk. I am stopping with him now, and he is very kind to me. I have still some relations living, and they arc well to do, but, being a cripple, they despise me. My aunt, my mother's sister, is married to a builder, in Petersham, near Richmond, and they are rich people—having some houses of their own besides a good business. I have got a boy to wheel me down on a barrow to them, and asked assistance of them, but they will have nothing to do with ma. They won't look at me for my af fliction. Six months ago they gave me halta-crown. I had no lodgings nor victuals then ; and that I shouldn't habe had from them had I not said I was starving and must go to the parish. This winter I went to them, and they shut the door in my face. After leaving my aunt's, I went down to Ilam Common, where my father-in-law lives, and there bis daughter's husband sent for • policeman to drive me away from the place. I told the husband I had no money nor food ; but lie advised me to go begging, and said I shouldn't have a penny of them. My father-in-law was ill up stairs at the time, but I don't think he would have treated me a bit better—aud all this they do because the Al mighty has made me a crpple. I can, indeed, solemnly say, there is nothing else against me, and that I strive hard and crawl about till my limbs ache enough to drive me mad, to 'an honest livelihood. With • couple of pounds .411 get ... I could, I think, manage to shift very well for - myself. I'd get a stock, and go into the country with a barrow, and buy old metal, and exchange tin ware for old clothes, and, with that, almost sure I could get a decent living. I'm accounted a very good dealer." The photographic portraits scattered throughout the volume arc valuable for their absolute truth to nature. The Paper-Hanger's and Upholsterer's Guide. By JAMES AIthOWSMITII. Dean and Son. The object of this pub lication is expressed in the title. Its immediate cause th author tells us in the following words The removal of the duty formerly charged on paper stained, basin led to a large consumption of that article, and caused it to be now used in numberless situations which heretofore had not been contemplated, these circumstances have in duced the author of this treatise to tender his informa tion, under tho impression that its contents may be acceptable to the trade of which he is a member." e gone thought, as I've seen the people papa insight up, with all the use of their limbs, and some of diem the biggest black- Ca, musing and swearing, I've thought, Why should I sf d ePrived of the use of mine ? and I've fc:t angry like, mil perhaps at that moment I couldn't bring my mind to IMlism the Almighty was so good and merciful as I'd heard atty ; bat then in a minute or two afterwards I've prayed to Itlsa to make mo better and happier in the next world. No always been led to think he's afflicted me as He has IM some wise purpose or another that 1 can't see. I think as mine is so hard a life in this world, I shall be better off in the next. Often when I couldn't afford to pay a boy, I've not had my boots off for four or five nights and days, nor my clothes neither Give me the world I couldn't take them off myself, and then my feet has swollen to that degree that I've been nearly mad with pain, and I've been shiver ing and faint, but still I was obliged to go out with my things ; if I hadn't I should have starved. Such as lam can't afford to he ill—it's only rich folks as can lay up, not we ; far us to take to our beds is to go without food alto gether. When I was without never a boy, I used to tie the wet towel round the back of one of the chairs, and wash myself by rubbing my face up against it. I've been two days without a bit of anything passing between my lips. I couldn't go and beg for victuals—l'd rather go without. Then I used to feel faint, and my head used to ache dread ful. I used then to drink a plenty of water. The women sex is mostly more kinder to me than the men. Some of the men fancies, as I goes along, that I can walk. They °Replays to me, 'Why, the 'picot your boot is as muddy as mine ;land one on 'em is, because I always rests myselfon that foot—the I other sole, you see, is as clean as when it wu first made. The women never seem frightened on me. My trade is to sell brooms and brushes, and all kinds of cutlery and tin-ware. I learnt it myself. I never was brought up to nothing, be- I cause I couldn't use my hands. Mother was a cook in a nobleman's family when I were born. They say as I was a love child. I was not brought up by mother, but by one of her fellow-servants. Mother's intellects was so weak that she couldn't have me with her. She used to fret a great deal about me, so leer fellow-servant took me when she got married. After I were born, mother married a farmer in middling circumstances. They tell me as my mother was frightened afore I was bore. I never knew my father. He went over to Buenos Ayres, and kept an hotel there— I've heard mother say as much. No mother couldn't love a child more than mine did me, but her feel- I lags was such she couldn't bear to see me. I never went to mother's to live, but was brought up by the fellow servant as l've told you of. Mother allowed her 30/. e ras. I was with her till two years back. She was always very kind to me—treated me like one of her own. Mother used to come and see me about once a-year—sometimes not Molten: she was very kind to me then. Oh, yes; I used to like to see her very much. Whatever I wished for she'd let me have; if I wrote to her, she always sent me what I wanted. I was very comfortable then. Mother died four years ago, and when I lost her I fell into a fit—l was told of it all of a sudden. She and the party as I was brought up with was the only friends as I had in the world —the only persons as cared anything about a creature like me. I was in a fit for hours, and when I came to I thought what would become of me : I knew I could do nothing for myself, and the only friend as I had as could keep me was gone. The person as brought me up was very good, and said, while she'd got a home I should never want; but, two year's after mother's death, she was seized with the cholera, and then I hadn't a friend left in the world. When she died I felt ready to kill myself; I was all alone then, and what could I do—cripple as I was ? She thought her sons and daughters as I'd been brought up with—like brothers and sisters—would look after me ; but it was not in their power—they was only hard-working people. My mother used to allow so much a year for my schooling, and I can read and write pretty well." (Ile wrote his name in my presence kneeling at the table; holding the pen almost as one might fancy a bird would, and placing the paper sideways instead of straight before him.) " While mother was alive, I was always foraging about to learn something unbeknown to her. I wanted to do so, in case mother should leave me without the means of getting a living. I used to buy old bedsteads, and take them to a man, and get him to repair them, and then I'd put the sacking on myself; I can hold a hammer somehow in my right hand. I used to polish them on my knees. I made a bench to my height out of two old chairs. I used to know what I should get for the bedsteads, and so could tell what I could afford to give the man to do up the parts as I couldn't manage. It was so I got to learn something like a business for myself. When the person died as had brought me up, I could do a little ; I had then got the means. Before her death I had opened a kind of shop for things in the general line ; I sold tinware, and brass-work, and candlesticks, and fire-irons, and all old furniture, and gown-prints as well. I went into the tally business, and that ruined me altogether. I couldn't get my money in ; there is a good deal owing to me now. Me and a boy used to manage the whole. I used to make all my account-books and everything. My lodvrs didn't pay me my rent, so I had to move from the house, and live on what stock I bad. In m new lodging I went on as well as I could for a little w hile ; but about eighteen months ago I could hold on no longer. Then I borrowed a little, and went hawking tin-ware and brushes in the country. I sold baking-dishes, Dutch ovens, roast ing-jacks, skewers and gridirons, teapots, and saucepans, and combs. I used to exchange sometimes for old clothes. I had a barrow and a boy with me ; I used to keep him, and give him Is. a week. I managed to get just a living that way. When the winter came on I gave it up; it was too cold. After that I was took bad with a fever ;my stock had been all gone a little while before, and the boy had left because I could'nt keep him, and I had to do all for myself. All my friends was dead, and I had no one to help me, so I was obligated to lay about all night in my things, for I couldn't get them off alone ; and that and want of food brought on a fever. Then I was took into the work house, and there I stopped all the summer, as I told you. I can't say they treated me bad, but they certainly did't use mo well. If I could have worked after I got bet ter, I could have bad tea ; but 'cause I couldn't do nothing, they gave me that beastly gruel morning and night. I had meat three times a week. The would have kept me there till now, but I would die in the streets rather than be a pauper. So I told them, if they would give me the means of gettinf a stock, I would try and get a living for myself. Afterrefusing many times to let me have 10s., they agreed to give me Ss. Then I came oat, but I had no home, and so I crawled about till I met with the people where I am now, and they let me sit up there till I got a room of my own. Then some of my friends collected for me about 1.5 e. altogether, and I did pretty well for a little while. I went to live close by the Blackfrian-road, but the people where I lodged treated me very bad. There was a number of girls of the town in thesame street, but they was too fond of their selves and their drink to give nothing. They used to bay things of TILE ASCENT OF MONT BLANC. saw the first sitilalui Of morning reddening the cad, Wh;2 l the moon began gradually to pale her ineffectual fire. How I be, to feel a most oppressive tightness in the head ; It, however, went quite off before I reached the top. Much has been said of the rarity of the air, and, of course, there must be a great deal in it, for ie barometer differs 13 inches at the top of Mont Blanc, so net a common one can not be used for an experiment, and I can answer for its be ing uncommonly dry. I saw one man much affected by nausea in consequence, but it is my firm opinion that one gains more than one loses by the lightness of the atmos phere, and I doubt whether in common air the same labour could be undergone. We still pursued our zig-zag course, which I again repeat I cannot attempt to describe. One place I shall never forget. A largo square mass of snow,—which to say the least considerably enlarged my ideas, though not sufficiently so to enable me to realise its massiveness,—about as large as a hundred of the largest houses I ever saw (as it appeared) leant over our way ; to give you a little idea of its size, if it had f Men it would have completely covered the whole of our single file, consisting of about 3$ people, ono behind the other at some distance, attached by ropes to each other. As I was regarding it in utter astonishment, my guide touched me, and pointing to a crevasse between it and us whispered, 'There three guides were lost the year before last,' and I heard a guide sav to my friend behind, Here it was I lost my father.' Vote may imagine how all this tended to add the intensest solem nity to the scene, and, if anything was wanted to increase it, it was found in the advice of my guides not to speak, fur fear of bringing down an avalanche, though this I suspect is humbug. . . The sun was now risen, and glad I was to see his light on the height above. The party now assumed their blue and green spectacles to protect their eyes, and on we went till we reached the Route Rouge, where we rested a few minutes in the sun. Here I became completely myself again, having really . suffered considerably, though I repeat I was never better in my life than I am now. My two friends were also perfectly well. Mr. Albert Smith was perfectly done up, and had to be dragged the rest of the way. His courage was such as I have never yet seen. It was curious to look at each other ; every one was perfectly black in the face ; of course, I could not see my own, but once when! took army lined fur gloves my hands were as black as ink, though the curious effect was unattended with pain, the real difficulty being to resist sleep, to which if you yielded, you would never awake. Passing round the Route Rouge, the dome of Mont Blanc, which is as regular as St. Paula, came in sight, and I felt as if I could have climbed him were he twice as far off. The whole of our steps were now cut with a hatchet in the ice, and the being tied together was of the greatest use, having saved each of our lives about three times, for if you slipped you were immediately held up and saved from going down into some yawning crevice. At nine o'clock in the morning we stepped on the top, and you must endea vour to conceive the thrill of delight—shaking hands all round, congratulating each other, opening champagne bottles, lighting :cigars, pulling chickens to pieces, and all the effects of the wildest transport. Having partly recovered from this, I proceeded to examine the view, of which I shall only say it had the appearance of a large sea, of which the waves were mountaintops, fir, fur below me, each mountain like a small wave, and yet each mountain one of the highest in Europe. I shall wait till I can talk to you to give some of my impressions. I thought of you all at home just sitting doom to breakfast, and how little you thought where my mother's son was at that time. " Without the slightest inconvenience we stopped at the top about 21 minutes, tilled with interesting thoughts, and we were told that, the glasses basing discovered that we were at the top, the cannons pealed away at Chamouni to announce the fact, though we did not hear them. I was also told below that Sir It. Peel had watched us all night (having arriv,d just after we started) with a glass, and kete all the people of the place drinking our healths all night. Ile had gone before we reached the bottom. Again we started to descend, which, as the track was marked already, was quicker work, especially as we slid, sitting down whenever it was safe to do so. One of the guides all but slid into a crevasse, but not the slightest accident occurred during the whole of our journey. The sliding down was splendid fun, after the work of walking. Some places were nearly perpen dicular, and I am sure even on a railway I never went so fast. Some ladies who watched us with the glasses from Chamouui quite gave us up fur lost, saying that they saw little dots falling with tremendous velocity down the preci pices, which must have been the effect produced, for in. ascending the glasses could not perceive any progress in our dots. This will giveyou some idea of our speed. In de scending the guides pulled up to look at a very remarkable sight, through a tremendous wall of ice, which seemed to end in the sky ; a large mature' arch hod formed itself in tho bluest crystal, through which you looked down a seemingly interminable lcpth of rallies till your eye lost itself in the distance. T sis struck me as much as anything, particularly as the arch tarough which you caught thu view was comparatively of very small span, or rather as small as things are up in those regions, where you lose all idea of comparison. "On we went—walking, running, sliding, crouching, ad vancing in all possible ways—till we came to the Cascade des Pelerins, once more in the habitable world, where we found a large party to congratulate us. I might also mention that crossing the glacier on our return was the most dan gerous proceeding ; we had nearly to run, it being unsafe to continue in one position long, and jumping over small crevices ; clearing one of these, the man who held me behind by the rope in his anxiety, pulled the rope short, and I was suspended in the little crevice, but directly pulled up again (the reason of the increased danger was the soften ing of the thawed snow, into which we sank to our waists at each step). " The news of a party having ascended Mont Blanc brought hundreds of people to Chamouni, and, molly against our will, we were forced to enter on mules in triumph (as Mr. Albert Smith remarked, We are once more on the Oran& Mulcts'.) You may imagine the enthusiasm, when I tell you that directly we came in sight cannons were tired in a manner regardless of expense. If we entered a wood we were sure to be saluted directly wo came in sight; again, if we turned a corner, ditto ; and two nice girls, otherwise shy, rushed frantically and seized both my hands ; all the streets of Chamouni were crowded, bands of music, fireworks, cannons, all going off at once, and, having arrived at the hotel court, we saw a regular little altar pre pared with candles, flowers, and champagne, which the master of the hotel made us drink—to be looked at—when I was uncommonly glad to escape and get into a bath and proceed to dinner. Next morning I left Chamouni, and really almost cried whilst shaking hands all round with the guides—splendid fellows, with whom I could go anywhere. " C. U. FLovn." (Extract of a letter train Geneva.) "To commence, then. Myself and two of our reading party (by name Philip and Sackville West) were one day rowing on the Lake of Geneva, when the glories of Mont Blanc suddenly appeared to us; from that moment our fate was decided, and with one accord we agreed to ascend it on the first favourable opportunity, and as it so hap pened, the man with whom I intended to take a little ! trip after our reading was over had put off our engage-1 meat, so that I was at liberty to do what I liked. Hav- I ing relieved you from all fears about my health, &c., I will go on, and if I cannot impress you with all the sa tisfaction I feel at what I have done, you must set it down to my bad pen, my bad eyes, and the impossibility 'of doing such a subject the least justice. On arriving at Chamouni we immediately made the necessary arrange ments with the guides and porters who should form uur caravan, for by no other name can I call our company, and had nothing to do but to wait for a tine day. It seemed quite hopeless. However, we commenced a pretty rapid training, under the direction of the guide, though, as we ' were in excellent health, that was hardly necessary. Having during three days mounted all the hills about, and being, as the guide assured us, as up to the work as any ono who had ever exceeded, we were still doomed to disappointment, the rain falling in torrents, and (as we never forgot our reading) we had already agreed that we should not be justi fied in staying lodger, and hail actually made arrangements to return the next morning, when the weather suddenly cleared up, and our hopes revived. Chamouni was all in a bustle to see us off. The weather continued fine, and, as a crowning subject of congratulation, Albert Smith, the au thor, joined our party for the ascent ; and to him we owe a great deal of the vast amount of pleasure that we enjoyed. Having left our directions to our several homes behind us, we were at last off. It was half-past 7 o'clock when our party of four amateurs, 16 guides, and several porters and volunteers, having " assisted" at a breakfast laid out in the court of the hotel, started, and really it was a tine sight, the people of the hotel showing every imaginable civility—the peasants wishing us bon. voyage —and our guides (splendid fellows) leading the the way with their long poles and various equipments. Having passed the village and its immediate environs we commenced a steep rocky ascent parallel with the Glacier des Bensons. The guides now commenced picking up sticks for our fire at the Grands Mulcts, which, you know, is the rock on which we should have to sleep. Still pursuing the same course, we came to the Echelle, so called from a holder always being kept there to cross the crevices. Here we halted to breakfast, and to prepare for our more arduous task. Having devoureelseveral chickens, which we mangled with our lingers, according to our wants, and ' polished off' some excellent Burgundy, we started afresh, and w ent on ascendin gpart to the point from SUICIDE OF A LADY AT CIIELTENHAM.—On Weds which we crossed the laciers ; but this of our j cannot really be described: The tremendous masses o ourne f greeny nesday night an inquest was held before J. Barnett, Esq., ice—tke awful crevices—the sky, from no darker contrast upon the remains of Mrs. Colonel Crowther, a lady who than the snow, looking a deep blue—the long file of travel- moved in the first circle of society at Cheltenham, and who lore, all tied with a ro together—all made it a most im- committed suicide on the same day by throwing herself premise sight, which I m am glad to say I could perfectly en- from one of the upper windows of her house, No. 6, St. ;Margaret's-terrace, Cheltenham. The inquest was held in joy, not feeling in any degree tired. Some of the crevices the drawing-room of the mansion, which has been the family we crossed by a ladder being thrown across them, and walking on the crossbars ; some we crossed on little bridges residence for a number of years past. From the of frozen snow, and one was a very peculiar one—the evidence of Dr. Arnett, the family physician, the ladder had to be placed nearly perpendicularly from the nurse, Mrs. Halberts, and the butler, Robert Wilson, lower part on which we stood, resting on a huge wall of it appeared that the deceased was the widow of the ice, separated front us by a tremendous crevice, so that, late C o l . the 27th Fusiliers. The deceased, mounting on the ladder, you looked down into an endless Crowther, of who was a corpulent woman, was turned of sixty years of depth below you, and, as the ladder was not long enough age, and weighed upwards of 17 stone,. has for a length of to surmount the wall, steps were cut from its top into a time past been labouring under bronchitis, and has evinced ice with a hatchet. By walking in this kind of way till 4 evident symptoms of insanity, so much so, that Dr. Arnett o'clock, we reached the Grands Mulcts, where we had to gave strict orders that she should not be left by herself for stop the night, or rather a few hours between that time one moment, and that a watch should be placed on all her and 12 o'clock at night. All the time glasses had been motions. About a month or three weeks ago, Mrs. Colonel directed towards us from Chamouni, and on placing our Crowther, for the benefit of change of air, as well as to feet on the rock we were saluted by guns below, which divert her mind, proceeded to London to see the Exhibi wore fired to announce our arrival thus far. and plain ac-" I assure you that iu writing this shorttion, during which period she was in much better health and spirits, but, unfortunately, having caught cold on her went I feel so excited that I canhardly'expreas myself; but return house, she has been confined to the house ever since to return to our muttons, or rather chickens, our arrival was that period, and has been in a low desponding state. On the signal for unloading' grub' of all descriptions, and well Tuesday the deceased lady became exceedingly restless, and did we do justice to the fare—all in high spirits—and songs talked wildly about the anniversary of her dear husband's and stories passed round uncommonly quick, of course chiefly death, when she observed to o one of the i sservans that " she started by Albert Smith, who, again 1 repeat, is in the ver- would have to lay her out t-morrow, as she ntedd to secular tongue ' a tremendous brick.' Our wants being celebrate the anniversary of her late husband'sdeatte" About satisfied, while the guides were bustling about to arrauge night quarters we were at liberty to look about us; but I three o'clock on Wednesday afternoon, Mrs. Crowther con neednot say lam utterly unable to convey to you the faint- trived to elude the vigilance of her nurse, Mrs. Rotten% and cot idea of tho imposing process of sunset up there. Fancy proceeded from the drawing-room to her bedroom on the third story, when she immediately double-locked the door , yourself on a rock descending nearly perpendicularly ; sit- and got out upon the window-sill, whin she precipitated ting on a ledge ; snow above and snow below ; the shades herself into the court yard below, a height of 60 feet from gathering, the light turning fromguld topurple, from purple the ground. Her head came into contact with the wall, to lilac, from blue to green, lilac, grey—lit fact, to all colours which fractured her skull in the most dreadful manner ; the sky can assume ; the solemn silence only interrupted by her right arm was also broken, but her face was uninjured; occasional avalanches booming behind us, the wide prospect and when the jury proceeded to her bed room, where tho ,ot country i—funcy all this, and you can have not even an remains were placed, there was not the slightest percep idea not the faintest conceptson, of the really awful tible alteration in the features—indeed she appeared as if grandeur of the scene, When all was ready to attempt to in a profound sleep. The sister-in-law of the deceased, Mrs. sleep, the guides lit a fire before us, and I mused myself to Wynford, who was residing with her, immediately missed sleep by talking, listening to the stories still KW, g on her relative from the drawing-room, and ran up stairs to her beclroom ; but finding the door locked she besame around me, watching the flickering flame that lighted up dreadfully alarmed, and called the butler. Just as the the splendid figures of our guides, who stood round it sin g - rasing myselfbutler entered the room he saw the legs of his mistress in ing choruses remarkably well ; occasionally on my elbow to catch a last glimpse of the remaining lights the air ; he then ran down stairs, and proceeded to the yard in the west ; and last not least, lookiug at the summit of with the nurse and one of the upper servants. The deceased that Mont Blanc which had jest caught the moon, changing then breathed twice, and instantly expired in their arms. all the mountains from a purple to a pure silver. I must The above were the leading facts of the case as elicited also mention that a couple of guides went on straight with in the evidence before the coroner, who briefly summed up, when the jury returned a verdict of " temporary ins lanterns to track out the snow and try it for our departure sanity." at twelve o'clock, and their lanterns glimmering in the snowy distance looked like spirits of the mountain disturbed THE SCREW STEAMER FRANKFORT.—The splendid by our intrusion. The rest of the party assured me they new screw-steamer Frankfort, lately launched by Messrs. could not sleep. I was lucky enough to enjoy three John Reid and Co., of Port Glasgow, arrived in the Mersey hours of the soundest slumber, and awoke only at eleven at a late hour on Monday evening week, and has since then o'clock to start afresh. I wonder now that I did not think attracted marked attention, and excited much admiration of the really hard day's work before me ; for from 12 o'clock be her fine proportions and evidently swift-sailing powers. that night we were to rest only a few minutes till we had The Frankfurt hoe been built for alr. Frederick Chapple, ascended to the top, and returned all the way to Chamouni of the firm of Messrs. Vienna, Jones, and Co., of Liverpool, once more. Though the view was finer from the Grands and is intended to ply between that port and the blediter- Mulcts, and from the summit, I found the walk (by the rancan, under the command of Captain G. Corbett, who has light of the full moon) which now followed by far the must long tr aded in that sea. She is fitted with the screw lately unearthly I ever saw in my life. The crevices along the patented by Mr. John Beattie, and now first practically edge of which we passed were now still more tremendous. attempted in the Frankfort. This patent consists in placing Your eye could not fathom the depth, and of course they the screw entirely aft of the rudder, an arrangement which were far too wide to cross. Above you towered the large has the effect of doing away entirely with the tremulous masses of snow. Occasionally the moon seemed resting on motion so much complained of by passengers in screw the edge of some height, looking awfully cold at us ; but we steamers fitted upon the old priuciple ; whilst, from the hold taken of the water, a higher degree of speed is defied the cold, and it would have made you smile to have greater seen what extraordinary figures we looked. Onward we toiled attained—matters of no small importance, and well descry (for it really became toil, and I must honestly confess that ing the attention of our naval engineers. The Frankfort neither the labour nor the danger of mounting Moot Blanc is NO tons register, and her engines are of 100-horse power. bas been over-rated) till we came to the Grand Plateau, She is brig-rigged, man-of-war fashion, and is pronounced the only flat path over which our path lay. (To give you an by competent judges a perfect model of marine architee idea of the steepness of the ascent, I will tell you that I ture. Her run from the Clyde occupied eighteen hours threw a bottle down, which west at such • rate that it but it is stated that on her • • eel of cleared two ' crevasses' one after the other, each of which ten knots, and that, too, oarel was at least 50 or 60 feet across.) At the Grand Plateau we Albion. 41 . 1 lk ,„,' • ?owl., • - c. ;" )• ;',. f c, - , ,?.., )0. .:', 4 Pt • 1 " , ~ • • . .4 4 ' ' "... . * til S'' R9321,$