The Express. — London, England, 1853-01-14 00:00:00

give erpreOfS. TO CORRESPONDKNT3. • Sesesed Wilke 4" TM Iripesse," make's( sms sesslNfe Gamete," Is pialAishol emy Tusedry sad Mazy sight. Is time M pr.. • Metessesests ask?l,led far The Talmo; Imies Emus. mar, R pm be se t be melee, I. Miesriorstrast, by Two &aloe; as tbe sehMstaft. 111011 WATER AT LONDON DRIDOIL Tam Day —Wards,. IN lbw,. ........Abersess. M. Ms. To.ovarair —Norma. Ili. 52 a.. —....Afterairsa. iti• I is. LONDO.Y,..FRIDA V. JANUARY 14. ONE happy product of the Derbyite downfal is likely to be sumetbuig in shape of Naval Reform. We may now hope to bear before long that the Mediterranean fieet has been moved from its absurd winter moorings at Gibraltar—we may look forward to the day when, like the French, wo may get first-rate steam-ships when a &st rive price is paid fur them -and may anticipate the time when naval milmanagement will be checked. Had the Admiralty remained long under the con trol of the Duke of NORTHUMBERLAND, it is quite clear that the notorious jobbery of the Dockyards would have extended itself through the whole service,—to the great injury of those very de fences we are warned to keep in the best possible order. A correspondent yesterday referred with indignation to the fact that a Southampton elec tioneering friend of Mr. BAILLIE COCHRANE had been re-instated in the Royal Navy by the Tories, after he bad very properly been struck off the list of lieutenants for refusing to serve. Any common sense person will admit the complete justice of re fusing to give the public money to an officer who declines to give his services in return, when called upon so to do. No business in the world, either public or private, could be carried on, if those who are paid to work were allowed to escape from work when working - time came. The officers in the Navy receive their pay on condition of going to sea when wanted afloat ; but Mr. DiGLEDUE, of Southampton, the partisan of Mr. BAILLIE COCIIRANE, being a lieutenant on half-pay, took a post in the Peninsular Company's service, worth, it is said , six or eight hundred a-year, and then when called upon to serve in the Navy refused. He was no doubt quite wise to prefer 8001. a-year safe on shore, to a lieutenant's :pay on dangerous seas, and fully entitled to choose which of the two occupations he would retain. But surely, when Mr. ENGLIDUE made his election, and refused to serve his country, the government of the day were equally bound to act upon their pre scribed duty by striking the officer so refusing off the list. This they did—in pursuance of the rule in such cases laid down—but when Mr. BAILLIE COCHRANE wanted Tory voters at Southampton to op the Liberal candidate, Mr. Ent:menu; of limiting his attention to the busi ness of the Peninsular and Oriental shareholders, became a very active Tory partizan. His services were, of course, quite disinterested. The visit of Mr. STAFFORD, the Secretary of the Admiralty, had, of course, nothing at all to do with Mr. Erenenue's exertions. Yet it curiously happens that one of the very last official acts of the Duke of NORTHUMBERLAND was to saddle this Tory electioneering agent upon the taxpayers of this over-taxed country, by putting his - name again into the list of lieutenants of the Royal Navy !—there to encumber the already over-crowded catalogue of those who take the people's money after having refused, or being unable, to do the people's work. This case we shall of course hear more about. It is too bad to be allowed to die out, but it is far from the worst act of the Derbyite Admiralty administra tion. " Lieutenant" &to LEDUCUI only likely to pocket a lieutenant's half-pay, but another of Lord NORTHUM RERLAND's special naval protigis, Sir FLEETWOOD Pat Lew—chiefly known as • very elderly dandy, whose real service was seen as long ago as 1813 —has been sent to take charge of a large force of steamers on the Irrawaddy. This very indent bean is to undertake the conduct of an onerous naval expedition in India at a time of life when be should have been "nursing up" in Eng land. Under no possible circumstances could he at his time of life be called en efficient officer for seek a post, in such a climate, at each a time. Neither his vigour, his experience, nor his services in the navy, point to him as a proper man for such a com mand. But then—if he does not rank high as a naval veteran he stands well with the Peerage—and away he sails for the East, as colleague for the equally active and antique General GODWIN. The ENoLE DOI and FELLEW specimens of the NORTHUMBER LAND appointments illustrate two points of Derbyite faith—the one that patronage should follow elec tioneering services; and the other that good appoint ments should always be given to the relations of • lord. Tory votes were wanted at Southampton, and Lord NORTHUMBERLAND rewards an active Tory canvasser with a Lieutenant's rank and half-pay. A good sea captain was wanted in Burnish to command a fleet of steamers, and Lord Noinnum nsatesnn sends there an officer who had not had real work at sea for more than a quarter of a cen tury, and whose commands in war date back to time when war-steamers were unknown. But, then, Sir FLEETWOOD PELLEW is the use of a Viscount. With Sir faun GRAHAM and Mr. BZRNAL OSBORNE at the Admiralty we may safely calmest* upon something better than all this. In no &Ten ant of the public service is it more desirable to have efficiency than in the navy—and in no depart meat is mien asthma' reputation to be won. With a vod umbel. in tbe peer seas England may sakti s rely spa lire lsniebedshed security hen attack. Sisal minim are just as pant o as ready, and en palsies§ oar they ware; and we have the best noel. the but ken. Ohs hest work men in the world. What thin bat god menege. meat is needful to gin we the ihmi emil beet manned steam fleet? The Hesse of Om. mom has never rebind la vete its silken highs navy, and, contrary to repsetation, there has bee. no difficulty in securing good seamen. Since the last vote for additional sailors, we are informed that volunteers have entered the Royal Navy at the rate of from 40 to 60 • day—thus showing that the Ad miralty and the country need be under no ap prehension on that score. The men thus read) to take service under the old flag should be well shipped. It is worse than useless to send fried men on ooard bad ships, of which (the 42-gun frigates to wit) we have unhappily too msny. Even worse sit to put good men an good vessels in charge of officers whose claims are to be found in the peerage, att the parliament house, rather than the Navy List. With our men and our stoney and the vast mar et iiidtierisl in ear arsenals and dockyards, the only seed, we repeat, is good management. For this we may reasonably hope dna we have reformers at the Admiralty. But to convert good intentions into good deeds the public must be on the alert to Indicate what it is desirable to have done. Home questions must be asked, suck as these : Is there no waste connected with the Harbour Department ? Can Sir BALDWIN WALLER positively affirm that the nation is right in supposing that that portion of the Mercantile Steam Marine—to which we pay a heavy !staining fee would be thoroughly efficient if their services were suddenly called for by the outbreak of any war P Are we to have a reform of the system by which good well-disciplined ships are dismantled thee a few years' service and all their trained men sent *drift? May we hope that a stop will be put to the jobbery in the dockyards, and to the wasteful expen diture on tfte tinkering of ships that won't sail, and on steamers that won't steer ? To all these ques boos, and to others that readily suggest themselves, the public may expect practical replies from Sir JAMES GaAnAm and Mr. BERNAL OSBORNE. And should these replies be satisfactory to the public, and proofs be given that the great abuses in our naval system are really to be cured, both the member for Carlisle end the member for Middlesex may safely calculate on reaping an ample measure of public gratitude. In proportion to the inefficiency of the Duke of NORTHUMBERLAND'S Admiralty adminis trations the amount of honour to be won by his cooonsors, if they carry out the good work now ready to their hands. A Bnoci or Benson Ana was experienced four days ago at Fos, on the frontier of Spain, but it lasted only • short time. The weather, which A n d been eery fine. .banged all at once, and in the mo•ntaise them was • fall of elbow. At Foie, department of the Ariige, there was also, three days ago, a shock of eart►quake; it oscillated from the east to the we.t, and shook the pictures, dm., hangiog to the walls of apartments.—Ualigoarei. FRANCE. ':1 ALARMING STATE OF THB BOURSE. PARIS, TEVISDAT Arreasrewli: - The state of the &c has now become alarming to the Imperial govern .*t, es well as to capitalists. The long continued daily decline in the, prices of the- Itentes,_so far from having been checked by the extraordinary efforts of the government supporters, or by the semi-official calls in the Conatetutionosel for confidence in the Emperor's administration, has been followed by a fall to-day in the value of all the government securities far greater than any that has taken place since the Emperor's return from Compi4ne. The closing prices this afternoon of the Three per Cents. are oificially reported at 70f. 60c. for the account, being a fall of 60 centimes on the last races of yesterday • the Four-and-a-Half per Cents. are quoted 104 f. 804., being a decline of 65 centimes on the opening rates this morning. Bank stock, railway and assurance shares, and all other investments, partake of the fell, and transac tions for cash are effected on almost any terms. The deep concern of the government is made fully manifest by this morning's Mowileur, which contains an article avowing that public opinion is now almost wholly occupied with the state of the Bourse, and with certain operations in which the name of a functionary of a very elevated order is im plicated. Mal notice has been published of the pardon pasted by the Emperor Napoleon to 180 political °treaders on the bth, and 203 on the Bth inst. By a dune dated the 12th inst., the Emperor grants a tamiaaisa of the sentences in favour of 80 others of the rice class; making a total of 1,693 of various =who have received the imperial clemency the period of the coup deka. The Turkish Ambassador has presented his cre dentials. PARIS, THURSDAY EVIONING. A contradiction of the very first class is given to day to a rumour lately current at the Bourse. The Montleer says: Forum thus put public opinion has been occupied with the silmalism of the Bourse, and with certain operations in in whisk Ib same of • public functionary of a very high order has bass implicated. It is known the habitual tactics of the muds. al the government consist in propagating daily the mot aboard sad false news respecting its intentions and acts, mad In wadi& in their despair, to discredit the awn who sloe Is es genrnment the most useful 00-oparse lbw. The Empwa s !however, wishing to found tie la. lasses of his adoolitisation on the respect inspired by So =and awl. tanstienariee of ail dogma. has end by nareum solidi bad reasbalbia ae swabs& to reseals lie Wadi as to the name and edits of lbws saran, sad anima ineestyratioss, eilikth have ilsonhbad *mod issolostabie proof that th•Mi rumours Ind no met of foundatios, and are the result of an odious winatny. As 1 invariably abstain from reproducing reports sleeting private character unless I find them very well authenticated, I have not hitherto mentioned tb natter alluded to in the above note. There can, hemmer, now be no impropriety in stating that the exalts" functionary referred to is Marshal St. Arms& who was said to have been subjected at the Boom to a proem called " execution "—a slang term, denoting the forcible closing by a stockbroker, for his own protection, of a defaulter's speculative account. it was further stated that an eminent Hebrew capitalist had advanced 300.000 fr., to pre vent an exposure. The state of the Bonne is now . the principal sub ject of discussion in all political circles. The article in the Pays of esterday has provoked a reply from M. Emile de Girsrdin, whose pen of late has been lying idle, or devoted to merely speculative topics. After observing that the Pays, while treating of the fall in a novel point of view, suggests no means for staying its progress, he boldly prescribes two reme dies, now mach out of fashion--economy and liberty : There would be me efficacious, infallible Means of arrest tag tie fall in the public funds, and that would be to re estalia, b y reforms, the equilibrium betwas and anganiiitare, for so long as this 6g shall fade established, clouds will gime the Domes boa whisk thrift will be always ex t. ere the Inedeobsit ILL nit is what the pro posemosat and the seostiteent sinombly sever an clinical, amid we know how Wag thy lasted, tad what was the sad of then. The repablieso government, ost know ' log how to seiloss its expeadiftwo, was obliged to angeseat the texas. Tile day on which it Eserood tb selideed teatimes it dowsed its own sowdowtoeties nod lA. It . . tbersby pat some into the heeds of the maim that it bad before bedew The rootage was too easy he them not to take it, and they did take it. Assuredly fear millions five beaded thousand francs of 610116•011. slam .. to ono beaked sad fifty senators mare se Ins rich, Is not mash esistively to the amount of the taxes, which ex seeds feartasa kindred millions, sines it is eat the three handeoddtpastel the budget, but it is a restage& selatively to meet, the memest that credit takes emblems d these ezpeease swamis their utility, and denies Oak may. Credit ikssibity sad returns slowly. The' upon all traameisas er arkeer fall at the Bowes b imessaus. It is like the ebb and Sew of the tide. The Bourse is le jour nals what the barometer is to almanacke that podia the cheeps he the weather. Of what use is it to empress the almeasek, or to subject it to the ea Bare, if yea enact censure or supprom tbe Dwane ter ?Of Of what avail is it to " garotter " liberty if you esanot " plotter " credit ? Credit, the child of economy, is the brother of liberty. This is n forgotten with impunity. To diminish expenditure and to extend liberty would be an efficacious, infallible means of arresting the It'll and producing a rise. Perhaps this course will be taken some day, bat, as it is doubtful whether it will be adopted at once, I only mention it here by the way. M. de Girardin then proceeds to mention two secondary means of an exclusively local character, which he conceives would materially improve the condition of the Bourse. The first is the substitution of monthly for fifteen-day settlements in railway shares. It may, perhaps, be thought that this would only give a stimulus to un sound speculation, but M. Girardin avers that the fifteen day settlement was an invention of the stock brokers for the purpose of putting deal)] e brokerages and double carryings over into their pockets, and that it is an enormous clog upon business. The se cond proposition is one that will make an immense sensation upon " Change," if it should be supposed, as may very possibly be the case, that Glirar. is not without high warrant for putting it forward. He pro poses to break down the monopoly of the present corporation of eipsna 4 Change, by creating at once sixty new brokers. A measure of this kind was, u you may remember, frequently threatened in the early part of last year, and it was very generally believed that the immense efforts made at one time by the brokers to keep up the funds, was owing to the fear of being "swamped" if they did not succeed. There can be no doubt that the present number of broken is wholly insufficient to do the public business properly, and coin plaints have continually been made of the im possibility of getting orders executed. The corporation of stock brokers was created about fifty years ago, when the Bourse was held under the peristyle of the Palais Royal, and when their only business consisted in negotiating Five per Cents. Their number was then 60, and this number has never been increased. M. Gi rardin breaks out into a fierce invective against this monopoly. " What," he exclaim', "is this Syndics' Chamber that makes hidden decrees of which we knew nothing but by . hearsay, decrees which are nowhere placarded or printed, which are made unchecked, and wkich more effectually than the Grand Turk's mutes, execute every victim with out permitting hint to open his mouth ?" He accuses the Syndics' Chamber of having caused the fall by their resolution requiringthedepositof 160 fr. per share before doing railway business, a resolution resulting as he says from a sudden panic among themselves. I may observe that M. de Girardin scarcely deals fairly by . the brokers in this respect. The measure in viestion was doubtless the immediately exciting cause of the fall, but the root of the evil laid in the number of insolvent speculators that haunted the Bou r se, blany people think that the check should ha ve been applied sooner; others, that it was done t oo su dd e nly, but it is generally admitted that bad it been long deferr, , td, a most tremendous crash would have occurred. M. de Girardin, however, ap pears to think that universal dealing at the Bourse is as de sirable as universal . suiFrage. In the following con clusion to his article, he evidently hints the possibi lity of a coup d'etat against the stockbrokers: The 2nd December, 1851, abrogau'd the law of May 31, 1850, suppressed, restricted, and se !ablished universal suffrage. Does fba Pays Journal de tg:Vire think there is naming to be done to restore the viewer't movement of the funds, real property, and wages, arrested V the sudden sad arbitrary measure of Bth November, 1852. Remembering the large part taken by M. dd C l l- 1 rardin in predicting the abolition of the law of May 31, the corporation of opens de Change may well tremble lest he should be again a prophet. I should mention that a part of his plan is to realise a sum of thirty millions to the state by selling the proposed sixty new seats at the Bourse for .100,000 h. each. VIIIMIN THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY 734 MetegtheptratieeTeldi ;It I . , PARIS; WIIDWAIDAT Rviware. The Posse, in allusion tOlho ?atria's coutradic tiolt OUthe stem* attribitted tp Colonel Fleury, says' It will be remembered that we oureikes characterised as 1. entirely improbable sp“ch attributed to o:2 lll4 ,lsurp tbe . The cots ra tho Patric, therefore, does see eerpriee es, sad we register it with all beam:Jag pka sue. But, is it not to be feared that this note, which the Messiterr, owing doubtless to inadvertence, has abstained hem re-yeeducing, and which, moreover, does nu bear the uessl eiga of authenticity, " Communiqui," may not he &mewed by the German newspapers with ail the deference desired ? This is au observation which we throw oat. The Prose is pleased to be complimentary to Mr. Communiqué, whose character for veracity must be admitted not to stand quite so high as the observation would seem to imply. However, it is true that general opinion attaches different degrees of weight to official paragraphs, according to the plain of their appearance and the form in which they appear. Thus a statement in the Moni tour stands higher in point of credibility than one in the Journal de l'Enspire, and a note in the latter journal, signed "Communique," is a degree more entitled to credit than one without any . signature. An unsigned paragraph in the Patrie is, perhaps, at the present moment, the weakest form in which an official intimation can be conveyed. But it by no means follows that it would be prudent in the government to follow what I cannot help consider ing the insidious advice of the Frew, and to launch a higher class refutation against the statement of the Gazette de Co . logne. In these cases public incredu lity is apt to increase in proportion to the force used to subdue it. The contradiction in the Petrie is quite sufficient to show that the government desires to be understood as not adopting the warlike expres sions imputed to Colonel Fleury. Whether he really expressed sentiments, which for the rest it is notorious are daily utterred in every barrack-room is an inquiry which it might be impolitic to pug very far. The government prints appear to have received orders to change their line of argument on the sub ject of the Bourse. Two or three days age . the Pays, in an article which I had occasion to notice, spoke of the persistent fall as a grievous thing, and attri buted it to excessive speculation. To-day this jour nal declares that the Bourse, relieved from the per turbations incident to parli amentary government, is precisely what it ought to be, that it is an exact thermometer of the money market, of the bona fide state of commerce, of the general requirements of credit, of the activity or flatness of business, in a word, of all those sound relations which exist between supply and demand. A paragraph to the same effect, and in nearly the same identical language, was inserted in the Constitutionnel the day ofe Pays' former article appeared. To hear these two journals you would suppose that nobody . now goes near the Bourse except to make a sober investment, or to sell out capital destined for employment, and that gambling for " differences" was an obsolete vice that went out of fashion with the republic. The Pays now protases to think that the continuance of the fall, astwithstanding the proclamation of the empire, and the esespition by the great powers, was an excellent symptom. The fact proves (says the optimist writer in the Pays), that the Bourse, emancipated from the yoke of political parties, is not easily influenced byl external events • that it is governed by itself alone, I seserding to the natural play of public prosperity, and it further troves that the government abstains 6111111 all direct interference with the money market. Psemerly, when the Bourse was a sort of moral balance, in which the credit of the state was weighed, it was sometimes necessary for government to throw its influence into one of the scales to counterpoise the manoeuvres of political passions. But now, so solid am all the institutions of the state, the government weld scorn to interfere with the Bourse in any other way than indirectly by wise mea sures promoting the increase of natural wealth, and directly, by solemnly enlightening public opinion whenever malevolence may seek to lead it astray. The barefaced impudence of this article, havin g regard to notorious facts, exceeds be lief. There is, however, a vulpine wisdom in it : When the funds were rising, their high price fur nished an inexhaustible argument in favour of the new political regime. Now that they are declining it is policy to say that they are quite independent of politics. The grapes are sour. M. 'Moult, an artist much admired for his aqua relies, has just died. Baron Gustave de Rothschild has been elected a member of the Woollen& consistory. The neuron's of St. Genevieve was closed ' , ester day, both at the church of Bt. Genevieve (the Pan theon) and at St. Etienne-du-Mont. At the former church a grand mass was celebrated by the Abbe Baguet, srchdiacre of Notre Dame, and a sermon was delivered by the Abbe Dufour. The tomb of the saint in the church of St. Etienne and the shrine in the Pantheon are crowded with crowns and offering& During the last nine days upwards of 300,000 per sons have visited the tomb and the shrine. The Weser Gazette publishes the text of the note addressed by the President of the Germanic Diet to the Marquis de Tallenay acknowledging the receipt of the ofcial notification of the sozesmon of Louis Napoleon to the throne of France. The note states that the Diet has received with satisfaction the as- surance that the policy of the French government, as regards foreign powers, will not be changed, as it sees in this declaration a guarantee of respect for ex isting treaties and the maintenance of the territorial limits on which the political system of Europe and the general peace depend. The grand centre-piece for a dinner service which M. Chruitolim is mak in g for the Emperor consists of a group representing the genius of War moderating the speed of his horses in a ear, and of another re presenting the genius of Peace in a car drawn by oxen, whilst in the centre is a figure of France dis tributing crowns to the national glories. The groups are united by four pedestals, bearing figures of Force and Prudence on the side of War, and Justice and Clemency on the side of Peace. The service, of which the centre-piece forms part, is to comprise four large vases, representing the north, south, east, and west, with specimens of their respective pro ductions Nand there are to be also candelabra, sym bolising the productions of science, art, and agricul ture. Acoonnts from the French West India Islands to the 16th have arrived. The yellow fever Was de clining ; amongst its latest victims was M. Carl, the Procurenr-General of Martinique. Committees had been formed in that island for raising subscriptions for the purpose of erecting a statue to the Empress Josephine. A commission authorised by the Governor- General of the same island for the examination of the question relative to immigration had resolved that immigration on a large scale ought to be effected without delay, and that the State ought to take part in it. In order to hasten the solution of the matter the commission had adopted an address to the Emperor praying him to allow a loan of 3,000,000 fr. to be reimbursed by annual instalments of 230,000 fr. from the general receipts of the colony, to be raised. SPAIN. The Epoca states that on the 3rd inst. the Gover nor of Madrid, I)on Melchor Ordonnez, met at his office a number of prominent political personages, for the purpose of conferring with them on the subject of the approaching elections. He began by stating that he had called them together simply for the pos• of taking their counsel, as persons experienced in electoral contests, and in no wise with a view of ex ercising any influence over, or imposing any restraint upon, them. He briefly characterised the present state of politics, and then said that the present cabi net had entirely rejected four of the principal points in the measures which their p redecessors had brought forward respecting changes in ibe constitution, and that they had not come to a final resolution on the remainder of the scheme. The electors need not doubt the liberality of the views entertained by the new government. It was resolved at this meeting that MM. Martinez de la Rosa, Blasquf t, Pieto, and the Duke of Alba should be the candidates at the Madrid elections. _ - Some of the Madrid journals publish the address to the electors of the Moderate committee. lr ie by no means a remarkable document, and a private let ter states that it did not appear to have produced m uch effect. The committee recommends the electors to make the same choice of deputies for tho Cortes u they would have dotte if the changes in the con stitution proposed by M. Bravo Murillo were still to .bo as it m by no means caleincod that tho lirens of the present government will bp anclj r° 1 6.6"a' as to satisfy the friends of constitutional alert,. Thd committee adds, that it expects the goverameat will do all in its power to defeat its candidates. The nu memos defections in the Moderate party are Mated in private accounts to have given great chance to the ultra opposition, the public feeling being oppositto .any .00niprousise on the constitutional question. JANUARY 14, 18§11:- SWITZERLAND. The Saxon government has informed that of Swit zerland that its note respecting Saxon workmen in the latter country has been misunderstood. It was not intended, says the note, to compel those workmen to quit Switzerland, but to caution them against entering into workmen's associations, which could expose them to surveillance on their return to their min country. We read in the Bask Gazette of the 10th: It is known that the Austrian government had addressed to the Federal Council of Switzerland a demand for expla nations relative to the expulsion of the capuchins, who did not belong to the canton of Ticino. We now learn that the council has replied to the Austrian cabinet, declaring that its complaints are ill-founded, and expressing a hope that the reprisals with which the government of the canton was threatened will not be persisted in. GERMANY. The organs of Austria announce that the Emperor will make a journey into the Lombardo-Venetian kingdom in the course of the spring. The Frankfort Post Gazette makes "no doubt that his Imperial Majesty will be received in Italy with as much loyalty and attachment as he was in Hungary last year, as it is well known that the great mass of the people are sincerely devoted to his government." BERLIN, JAN. 10. In the Second Chamber, last Saturday, there was a warm debate on the question : whether a member, who had been promoted from a lieutenancy to a cap taincy in the militia, was thereby bound to vacate his seat and submit himself to a new election. The cava lier and the ministerial party resisted the issue of a new writ. The paragraph of the constitution orders the issue of a new writ only when a state-official (Staatsbeamte), sitting in the chamber, receives a new appointment; but a man in military command is not a state-official ; he is an officer of the King's. This argument, first put forth by the Under-Secretary of State, the Prime Minister's brother, wee attacked not only by the liberals on constitutional grounds, but also by Dr. Guehl, the Prime Minister's secretary, who rep udiated the distinction between " king " and " state as incompatable with the true monarchical principle, and urged that the civil servants of govern ment were in the Prussian monarchy as entirely "functionaries of the King's " as the military officers. However flimsy and contradictory the arguments, tion, it was good enough to serve the purpose of making a fresh hole, however small, in the charter, and restricting a principle of constitutionalism. The motion for a new writ in this case was rejected by a government majority of 158 to 142. In the revised charter a clause has been intro duced, empowering the government to establish a special tribunal for trying indictments for kre ma jest', treason, insurrection, in short, all offences against king and state, without jury. A bill to th effect has now been laid before the chambers. The Germanic Confederation has recognised Louis Napoleon, as emperor, in a note from the Frankfort Diet to Count Tallenay, in answer to his notification of the event. ITALY. The Roman correspondent of the Augsburg Ga zette writes on New Year's Day :—" The secret press is endeavouring to regain at the close the ground which it has lost in the course of the year. The measures of the police are utterly insufficient to re strain its activity. It has just now published an Italian version, with notes, of M. Mimmars speech, delivered at London, in the Music-hall. More than 2,000 copies of this address are in circulation here." ROME, JAN. 4. The refusal of the King of Prussia to allow catho lic priests educated in Jesuitical establishments to officiate in the churches of his dominions has excited profound resentment amongst the members of that powerful confraternity in different parts of Europe, and especially in their head-quarters at Rome. The followers of Loyola are not, however, to be attacked with impunity. The aggressive measures of Prus sia have been met by the synod of Jesuits here with stern composure, and reprisalsupon anextensive scale have already been determined upon by them. Through their influence the papal government has been aroused to fresh efforts, with a view to propagating Romanism throughout the still recusant states of Europe, and especially the protestant provinces of Germany, where the whole power of the propaganda will be wielded for the extermina tion of heresy. The reconversion of Prussia has now become almost as favourite a project with the court of Rome as the restoration to Romanism of the " flourishing kingdom of England." The official journal of last night contains an invitation from the Cardinal Vicar to a solemn octave in the church of Saint Andrea della Valle, during the Epiphany, ' " for the increase, defence, and propagation of piety and the catholic faith." Muses, according to various rites, are to be celebrated, and sermons delivered in various languages. Amongst the nitramontane preachers figure Monsignor Talbot, Dr. Cornthwaite, and ex-Archdeacon Manning, whose name appears on the list as " Don Enrico Manning, of the Ecclesi astical Academy." The invitation winds up with the following renewed appeal in behalf of the catholic church in London. The alms which will be collected during the sacred octave at the Italian morning sermons, the nocturnal function, and all the sermons in foreign languages, as well as the offerings deposited by the religious generosity of the faith ful in the bones placed in various parts of the vast temple wherein the sacred octave is to be celebrated, are destiaed to aid in the great outlay of building a church in London, capital city of the British empire, for the use not only of catholic' of that nation, but also distinctly for Italians, who reside there in great number, and are without churches, so that, by reason of the great number of the catholic', amount ing to about 200,000, and the fewness and limited dimen sions of the chapels, many catholic., and especially our Italians, cannot enjoy those precious treasures of our holy religion which we partake of in the holy temple. It is hoped that all catholic' will emulate in concurring generously to a work so holy and so suitable to Rome, which ought to set an example to all the cities and dioceses of Italy, since all are invited to partake in the great merit which will ac crue to every one contributing generously according to his means. Sacred vases and utensils are also received in donation. Gifts and alms are received in Rome by the Rm. and Rev. Cardinal Prefect of the Beefed Congregation of Propaganda Fide, and likewise by the Princess and Prince Doris. Money has been collected in England for the erection of a protestant church in Rome, but per mission to build has never been obtained from the Pope, reciprocity of religious liberty being directly opposed to the principles of Romaniem, although the erection of catholic churches in London are advocated with such pomp and publicity. Amongst other triumphs of the church here, we must not forget the re-occupation of monasteries and nunneries by their cowled and veiled inmates, to the exclusion of French military usurpers. The mild obstinacy of the nuns of St. Sylvester hes at last reinstated them in the vast building, which they un willingly evacuated to make room for Claribaldi's brigade, during the republic, and which has been the head-quarters of the French engineers since the taking of Rome. Tho Pope went to visit them on Friday, St. Sylvester's day, and congratulated them on having regained at least a footing in their old quarters, for the French still retain possession of a portion of the nunnery. In fact, the three nunneries of Saint Sylvester, the Virgins, and Saints Dominick and Sixtus, are jointly occupied by veiled nuns, "sober, steadfast, and de mure," and French soldiers, who, it is to be hoped, will become "devout and pure" also by the vicinity of so much sanctity. Such are the spiritual topics which at present pre vail in the Eternal City. IVith regard to temporal questions, the result of the Financial Council's deli berations is what everybody is looking anxiously for, but it is feared that the disagreement between the members of the council and the Cardinal President indicates an intention, on the part of the govern ment, not to adhere to the advantageous suggestions of the council. Still it is asserted that the Pope him self has strongly expressed his determination to do away With the paper currency, and as his will is law In this country, we must hope he is sin- The Minister of Finance recently published an accodnt •of the merchandise brought into and taken out of the oestom-houses of the Papal States ' during the year 1861. This is the first instance of any kind of tables being put forth indicative of the commercial movements of the c3untry. and its trad ing relations with other countries. The principal interest of this document consists in the comparative quantity and quality of goods imported or exported through the Mediterranean and Adriatic ports of Civita Vecchia and Ancona. The composition of our new ministry hes proved by no means displeasing to the ecclesiastical circles here. The priests rejoice in the apointment of Lord Aberdeen, mindful of his opposition to the Ecclesias tical Titles Bill, and a similar vote on the parts of Sir James Graham, Sir William Molesworth, and Mr. Gladstone, redeem them from any other dis plunging qualities which they might possess in the eyes of the Court of Rome. The Cardinal President of Rome and Comarca, Altieri, did not give his customary entertainment on New-Year's Day. An omission attributed to the bankruptcy of his brother Prince Altieri, in cense qnence of the failure of the Frascati Railway uompan Exchange on London, 486. Roman Five per Cents., 97. MONTENEGRO. A private despatch, dated Vienna, January 8, confirms the statement which we published from the telegraphic summary on Wednesday, namely, the abandonment of Zabljak by the Montenegrins. The same despatch states that Omer Pacha was on the point of entering the defiles of Montenegro. As the fortress of Zabljak was the centre of the operations carried on by the Montenegrins against Albania, its abandonment marks a change in the tactics of the Mountaineers. The fortress lies on the frontier of Albania, at ' the head of the Lake of Scutari, and being sur rounded by water, has considerabl e strategetsc im portance. It was built in 1423, by Stephen the Black. Stephen was Lord of Montenegro and Zeuta. His son, Ivan, resided in the stronghold as Governor of Montenegro, and fought on the side of the Venetians, in 1478, against the Turks. In 1480 the Turks, already in possession of Scutari, revenged themselves by taking Zabljak by storm. In 1482 Ivan recovered it, but in the same year was besieged anew by the Turks. Ivan now sought aid of the Republic of Venice, pointing out how much he was suffering through their al liance. The Senate however excused itself from ;rendering assistance by alleging the separate peace it had made with the Sultan Bajazet. Here upon Ivan abandoned the fortress and fled to Cot tinge, in Montenegro, and Zabljak remained in the hands of the Turks until 1833. In that year the Montenegrins agreed with two Albanian sentinels of the Greek religion, who opened the gates of the fortress on the night of March 25, and allowed them to take possession of the place. Hafiz Pacha, com mandant of Scutari, hastened to the fort with nume rous regular and irregular troops, whereupon the Montenegrins again abandoned it. A telegraphic despatch, founded on a statement in the Trieste Gazette, reached London yesterday, stating that a most sanguinary battle had been fought, in whieh the Turks were mercilessly cut to pieces. As neither date nor place are given in the despatch referred to, our readers will probably sus pend their judgment on this intelligence. The Trieste Gazette is uniformly pervaded by a strong animus against all that is Turkish, and never con ceals the disasters or faults of the Moslems. But that any combat between Turks and Montenegrins would be "sanguinary and merciless," the following testimony of an intelligent and impartial witness, abundantly shows. It is the statement of M. Bro niewski, formerly an officer in the Russian fleet, and travelled in Montenegro. He says : A Montenegrin is always armed, and carries about, dur ing his most peaceful occupation, a rifle (a gun), pistols, a yatagan, and a cartouch-box. The Montenegrins spend their leisure time in firing at a target, and are accustomed to this exercise from their boyish years Being inured to hardships and privations, they perform without fatigue, and in high spirits, very long and forced marshes; . . . . they climb the steepest rocks, with great facility, and bear with the greatest patience hunger, thirst, and every kind of privation. When the enemy is defeated and retiring, they pursue him with such rapidity, that they supplylthe want of cavalry, which it is impossible to employ in their mountainous country Inhabiting mountains which present, at every step, passes, where a handful of brave men may arrest the progress of an army, they are not afraid of a surprise, particularly as they have on their frontier a constant guard ; and the whole of their force may be collected, within twenty-four hours, upen the threatened point. When the enemy is in great force, they burn their villages , devastate their fields, and, ate: having enticed him into the mountains, they surround him, and attack him in a most desperate manner. When the country is in danger, the Montenegrins forget all per sonal feelings of private atinutage and enmity • they obey the orders of their chief, and, like gallant republicans, they consider it a happiness, and a grace of God, to die in battle. It is in such a cue that they appear as real warriors • but, beyond the limits of their country, they are savage iarba rians, who destroy everything with fire and sword. Their ideas about war are entirely different from those adopted by . pyilised nations. They cot off the heads of those enemies whom they take with arms in their hands, and spare only those who surrender before the battle. The property they take from the enemy is considered by them as their own, and as a reward of courage. They literally de fend themselves to the last extremity; a Montenegrin never craves for mercy ; and whenever one of them is severely wounded, and it is impossible to save him from the enemy, his own comrades cut off his head. When, at the attack of Clabak, a little detachment of our troops was obliged to re treat, an officer of stout-make, and no longer young, fell on the ground from exhaustion. A Montenegrin perceiving it, ran immediately to him, and, having drawn his yata gao, said, " Yon are very brave, and must wish that I should cut off your head ; say a prayer, and make the sign of the cross." The officer, horrified at the proposition, made an effort to rise, and rejoined his comrades with the assistance of the friendly Montenegrin. They consider all those taken by the enemy as killed. They carry out of the battle their wounded comrades on their shoulders; and be it said to their honour, they acted in the same manner by our officers and soldiers. Like the Circassian, they are constantly making forays in small parties, for the plunder of cattle, and consider such expeditions as feats of chivalry. . . . . Being safe in their habitations, where nobody dares to molest them, they continue thellidepredations with impunity, disregarding the threats of the Divan, and the hatred of their neighbours. . . . . Arms, • small loaf of bread, a cheese, some garlic, • little brandy, an old garment, and two pair of sandals made of raw hide, form all the equipage of the Mon tenegrins. On their march they do not seek any shelter from rain or cold. In rainy weather the Montenegrin wrap' his head with the strooka, lies down on the ground . . . . and sleeps very comfortably. Three or four hours of repose are suite sufficient for his rest, and the re mainder of his time is occupied in constant exertion. It is impossible to retain them is the reserve ; and it seems they cannot calmly bear :he view of the enemy. When they have expended all their eartouches, they hum bly request every officer they meet with to give them some ; and as soon as they have received them, they run headlong into the further line When there is no enemy in sight theyfeing and dance, and go on pillaging; in!which we must give them the credit of being perfect masters ; al though they are not acquainted with the high-sounding names of contribution, requisition, forced loans. &c. They call pillage simply " pillage," and have no hesitation in confessing it. Their usual manner of fighting is as follows :—lf they are in great force they conceal themselves in ravines, and send out only a small number of shooters, who, by retreating, lead the enemy into the ambush ; here, after having sur rounded him, they attack him, usually preferring on such occasions swords to fire-arms ; because they rely on their personal strength and bravery, in which they generally have the advantage over their enemies. When their num bers are inferior, they choose some advantageous position on high rocks; where, pronouncing every kind of abuse against their enemies, they challenge them to combat. Their attacks are mostly made during the night, because their principal system is surprise. However small their force maybe they always try to wear out the enemy, by constantly harassing him. The best French voltigeurs, on the advanced posts, were always destroyed by them ; and the enemy's generals found it more advantageous to remain under the cover of their cannon, of which the Montenegrins were not at all fond. However, they soon became accustomed to them, and sup ported by our rifles they bravely mounted the batteries. The tactic, of the Montenegrins are confined to being skilful marksmen. A stone, a hole, a tree, offer them a cover from the enemy. Firing usually in a prostrate posi tion on the ground, they are not easily hit, whilst their rapgt and sure shots carry destruction into the closed ranks of a regular army. They have, besides, a very prac tised eye for judging of distance; they thoroughly under stand how to take advantage of the ground; and as they visually fight retreating, the French, who took it for a sign of fear, constantly fell into their ambushes ; as for them selves, they are so cautions, that the most skilful mourn- . Tres ronnot deceive them Their extraordinary boldness frequently triumphed over the skill the experienced bands of the French. Attack ing the columns of the enemy in front and flank, and acting separately, without any other system than the in spirations of perional courage, they were not afraid of the terrible battalion fiee of the Frenck infantry . . . . . The Montenegrins cannot withstand regular troops be yand the mountains ; because, destroying every tbjei7eisg fire and swend, they cannot long keep the field ; and advantage of their courage in assisting our troops, and tda fruits of victory, were lost by their want of order. all • rum the siege of Ragusa, it was never possible to know doi many of them were actually under arms, bec ause they wees constantly goin g . to their homes with spoil, whilst oaten joined the army an their places, and after a few days of i s ,, defatigable exertion, returned to the mountains, to my away some insignificant trifle. It is impossible to undertake any distant expeition, aeg consequently to accomplish any thing of importance with them. In one respect they have a grestladvantege over rep. lax troops, by their great skill in mountain a arfare, although they are completely ignorant of the military art. I n the first place they are very lightly dressed, are exceedingly good marksmen, and reload with much more rapidity thee regular soldiers, . . The Montenegrins dispersed, zed deliberately firing from a lying position on the c l osed r „„ k of the enemy, are not afraid to attack columns composed G I 1,000 men, with numbers not exceeding 100 or 1.50. l e a pitched battle their movements can be ascertained only by the direction of their standards. They have certain slue& trice, which are uttered when they arc to join in a camped body, for attacking the weaker points of the enemy. A s soon as such a signal is given, they rush furiously onwards, break into the squares, and, at all events, create a great deal of disorder in the enemy's ranks. It was a terrible spectacle to see the Montenegrins rushing forwards, with heads of slaughtered enemies suspended from their Reek s and shoulders, and uttering savage yells. They can be ro e ployed by a regular army with great advantage, for fight. mg on the advancedients, for seizing the enemy's convoys, destroying his magemnes, &c., &c. The Russian continander-in-chief had much difficulty la persuading thellehot to cut off the beads of their prisone rs . He finally succeeded, not only its this (chiefly by paying them a ducat for every prisoner), hut, what was more diffi. cult, in persuading them, with the assistance of the Vladika, to embark for an expedition on hoard ship; a thing which they hail never done befor. . . withstanding that they were treated with the greatest kid nese, they proved very troublesome guests. Whenever the captain invited their chiefs to breakfast, they all entered the cabin; end having observed that more dishes were served to officers than to common sailors, they wanted to have a similar fare. When the fortress of Curzola wee taken, and the feast of Easter was approaching, eey gave the captain no repose, entreating him to accelerate his re. turn to; Cat:aro; but when it was explained to them that the vessel could not advance against the wind, they fell into great despondency. . . . When at last the ship approached the entrance of Bocce di Cattarn, and they caught a sight of their own black mountains, they uttered joyous acclamations, and began to sing and dance. On taking leave, they affectionately embraced the captain end the officers, and invited those to whom they had taken a liking to pa y them a visit. But when the sailors told them they could nit leave the ship without permission of their rupee riors, they were much astonished, and said, " If you like to do a thing, what right has another to forbid you ?" AUSTRALIA. The following is an extract from a private letter received at Southampton yesterday. The writer has bees wo•king as a journeyman carpenter in Melbourne. " Melbourne, Sept. 17, 18,52. "The Australian reached this port on the 2.. d inst., ate, • protracted voyage. The passengers who landed here from her have published in our two daily papers sad cot. plaints against the treatment and accommodation which they received on board this, the first of that line of steamers. She is expected to leave Sydney on the 15th, and this port on the 22nd inst. I have also to inform yen that I intend going to the Bendigo gold diggings next week. The fine weather is now setting in, and great numbers nf people are preparing to start. I, like every one else here, have been seized with the gold fever, and therefore cannot resist the temptation to try my hand at 'gold digging. I have seen a great many poor men that was, but who me now worth considerable sums of money. The masters are be ginning to be put to their trumps for want of men to work, I myself have been offered a sovereign per day, but as many parties do far better at the diggings I am ditermined to try my fortune there. Bendigo is about 13U miles from here, but men are now gold digging within 25 miles from this town ; gold has also been discovered near Adelaide, bag as yet they do not pay very well. We have had Hyena ships in from England since our arrival; our latest news is to June 17th. 1 have to inform you of the loss of two vessels just outside Port Phillip Heads on the night of the 14th ; one, the screw steamer Conside, from Sydney, and the Portland schooner from Hobart Town; it appears the schooner was run on shore first, and the night being dark, it Is supposed the captain of the Conside mistook the lights on board the eehooner for that of the light house, and ran the steamer right into her, and they are now both on the rocks almost total wrecks. Fourteen per sons belonging to the steamer are miesing. "A few days since a nugget of pure gold, of the large weight of 28 pounds 4 ounces, was brought into town, and is now advertised for sale. Last Sunday I saw Mr. S., that was once in partnership with Mr. D., at Southampton. One of Mr. E.'s sons is also living in Melbourne, but I have not seen him. " (treat numbers of new chums (as they are here called) are living in tents, for they cannot get better accommoda tion. House rent is very high here ; a house that would be worth about 151. a year in Southampton, would fetch 51. a week in Melbourne. Bread is now 3s. per gallon, and meat that was worth 2d. per pound a twelvemonth since is now sold at 6d. An auctioneer's is as good as any business here, for sales by auction take plane in every direction every day. Robberies in the town are not quite so frequent as 1 1 they were • week or two since, but the roads to the dig gings are frequently the scenes of the most daring robberies. Several parties have been drowned trying to cross the creeks, which have been very deep, caused by the heavy rains that have fallen within the last month." In another letter, dated Sept. 20, he says: " Melbourne is now very full. We have upwards of 100 ships in the bay, and they are likely to remain there, for they cannot get hands to take them home, although they are offering 601. for the run home. We have had several ships from England lately, with large numbers of people. Wo have English news to June 16. The Post-office here is a great scene of bustle and confusion. Parties expecting a letter have frequently to wait two and three hours before they can get near the office window. Postmen get 31. 10s. a week. You are aware I had a parcel from Mr. B—, in Northam, for his brother in Melbourne. As soon as I had leisure, I put an advertise ment in the Argus newspaper, stating that I had arrived at Melbourne, and had a parcel for Mr. B—, of Southamp ton (you can advertise very cheaply here, which is a gredt convenience to the immense number of strangers). By means of this advertisement, I soon found out where to deliver the parcel, and also discovered Mrs. G—, of Southampton, for she saw the advertisement and came to me. Her husband is in the candle trade, and doing re markably well here." Vtie Court. WINDSOR, JAN. 13. The following had the honour of dining with het Majesty yesterday :—the Duchess of Kent, the Duke of Cambridge, the Prince and Princess Augustus of Saxe Cobourg, the Prince of Leiningen and the Princess Adelaide of Hohenlohe, Chevalier and Madame Bunsen, the Lady in ' Waiting to the Duchess of Kent, the Bareness de Spelt; Sir James and Lady Graham, the Right Hon. W and Mrs. Gladstone, the Master of the Rolls (Sir J. RonlillA and Major Hon. James Macdonald. The band of the Grenadier Guards attended in the Castle and . played during dinner. Her Majesty's private band afterwards attended, and performed the following compositions : Overture (Op. 44) Ralliwocis Caro, Tereetto and Ballet Musk —" Dl. luettigen Welber von Windsor" „--. Prince , Albert, with the Duke of Cambridge and ths Prince of Leiningen, Ist nt out shooting this forenoon, at tended by Colonel the Hon. C. 11. Phipps, Lieut.-Colonel F. H. Seymour, and Major lion. J. Macdonald. The Marquis of Lansdowne, the Marquis and Marchioness of Westminster, the Earl and Countess of Shelburne, Lord Raglan, and Colonel Wylde, have been invited, and are expected to-day. be Muter of the Rolls left the Castle this morning for Landon. Dr. Waller Lewis and Mr. Marion, from the Epidemio logical Society, had an interview with Lord John Russell yesterday at the Foreign-office. The Marquis of Lansdowne arrived in town yesterday from Bowood Park, Wilts. Sir James Graham and the Chancellor of the Eschequst arrived in town yesterday from Wind s or Castle to attend the Cabinet Council. A Cabinet Council was held yesterday afternoon at the Foreign-office, Downing-street. The minis ters present were the Earl of Aberdeen, the Lord Chancellor, Earl Granville, the Duke of Argyll, the Marquis of Lansdowne, Viscount Palmerston, Lord John Russell, the Duke of Newcastle, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Sir James Graham, Sir f'harlse Wood, the Right Hon. Sidney Herbert, and Sir William Molcsworth. The Council sat three hours. SERIOUS ACCIDENT.—A serious and alarming acci dent occurred this afternoon (Thursday) at the Windier station of the Great Western Railway. Miss Ricardo, nig, of Sampson Ricardo, Esq., of Times/ Park, Suncinghills had returned to Windsor by the two o'clock train for ge purpose of attending the nobility and geutry'a ball, which takes place at the Town Hall in the evening. She bad jud taken her seat in an open carriage, which had been scat ti meet her, and her maid, a French person, had taken be seat behind, when the groom put the reins into gig Ricardo's hands whilst he adjusted something in the OW tinge; at this instant the horses took fright at the noise of the whistle of the train and galloped off with frizhtful red, upsetting the carriage and throwing : Mrs Ricardo an her i maid out with great violence. Miss lticardo miraculoagt escaped with a few slight bruises, but the poor servant mud got her leg entangled in the spokes of the wheel, and it wM consequently so frightfully shattered that it was found no emery to amputate the limp, which operation was soon afterwards performed by Mr. Pearl, surgeon, Windsor , gna Mr. Brown, surgeon to the Queen. The horses took a complete circle round the Queen's waiting-room and dashed up the railway platform before they mu . ° stopped. Th. carriage was broken to pieces.