The Express. — London, England, 1853-12-01 00:00:00

61ir ervregg. a Sea led It Mott of •• " eubutualag the wane fouling'. o•Ouootto." to p4bl•sbed secry tilealay sad Vnday ume be past. - - - litee;beentesta intended for The Ewes.," Leorket Evesteg lama be at the 100 s, 10, lieuvetwelreet, by Two o'clock as the day of rabhestaos. 111011 WATRR AT LONDON BRIDGE Der —Morels'. lb. 4gui .... ...A2tenhh.a. 221. 1 Ito. Ih-holahw-11262211h2, 2k. ....thershoe, 2h. 21s. LONDON, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 1. 4. . . ...-....- To-ii Y we begin our winter; the three autumnal months, dreaded by hypochondriacs, and reprobated by foreigners, are gone, and their amount of fatal disease ascertained and recorded. The terrible November of England, for which all the world pities us, is gone for this year, with its fogs and other penalties. Perhaps nobody is very sorry to part with it ; but fair-minded people are beginning to assert and prove that November in England has been much slandered, and that it by no means deserves, as a matter of fact, the imputations' ander which it has suffered for centuries. For instance, it is found that the suicides, for merly charged against it, are actually fewer than in most other months of the year. There may have been a time when that month, and every other, was more unhealthy in England than in other European countries. In the infancy of the arts of life, climate is of more consequence, and of a different kind of consequence, than when man has obtained greater power over nature. le the old days when our people wore nothing but woollen, and seldom thought of washing it ; when the poor lived on floors of damp clay, and the rich trade on rashes, foul with all manner of dirt dropped from the board and carried in by the feet ; and when draughts whistled through the ill-constructed houses; and when there were no plea sent %sacs tempting people to due exercise; and when it was the custom to gorge with gross meats at every meal, and with such sour and muddy wine am the old chroniclers tell us of—it is exceedingly likely that the popular health was inferior to what it was in sunny countries, where life was passed chiefly in the open air, with light clothing and diet. But the whole state of things has changed with the pro gress of civilisation ; and we now find ourselves the most long-lived people in all Europe. In former days our soldiery were strong, and our peasantry sould do great things in athletic games; but them were picked men—the survivors of a system of living which killed off the weakly. If there had been a registration of births and deaths through the past centuries of our history, there is no daubt that the amount of deaths (in childhood espe cially) would have astonished us. It was pro bably much like the mortality in Russia at this day, which is (according to the sixth annual report of the Registrar-General) 36 annually to 1,000 living. At present the mortality in England is only 22, to 36 in Russia, 30 in Austria, 27 is Prus sia, and 24 in France. With a salubrity like this proved before the eyes of the world, we may well leave off complaining of our climate, and doubt whe ther our landmarks could bare been set up for us in a pleasanter place. _ . _ Each nation, co doubt, prefers its own abode. Tho Frenchman loves his bright atmosphere—the clear outlines of his cities against the sky—his evenings on the Boulevard, his sunny vineyards, his fruit diet and light wines; but he does not live so long as we do. The Prussian adores the Rhine, and revels in the literature, and, yet more, the art, of his chief cities; but, as Cohertince said, if the Rhine washes Cologne, what washes the Rhine? and what hope of average health is there at Berlin, en that sandy plain where drainege is impossible, and where the greatest blessing of the year is the frost which seals up the fetid vapours in the grour.d ? With one single warm day in mid-winter out comes fever, to run its course for weeks. The Prussian lives a shorter time, or at greater risk, than the Frenchman, and the Austrian than either. The Austrian domi nions spread over such varieties of surface that the causes of the higher mortality may not be very easy to assign; but the fact is certain. There are in that empire wide unshaded plains, where the sun beats down with tropical heat at one time, and the frost winds drive fiercely and unchecked at another; and there are swampy river banks, and misty mountains, and close old towns, haunted by the maladies of bygone ages ; and there is, in addition, throughout the nation, a singularly unwholesome mode of diet—crude, acid, oily—am counting for the intestinal maladies which beset the Austrian constitution. The same may be said of the Russian, with abundance of aggravation from other causes. The extreme cold of Russia would not pro bably be very injurious it it were well managed, and if it did not alternate with excessive heat : but, see. kg what life is in Russia—the contrast of excessive laxury with extreme hardship, the want of gradation of nuke, the absence of equable action of the brain through the whole of society (a main condition of pre valent good health), the gross method of feeding among some order+, and the deficient com fort in others—the wonder is that the corn pars tin mortality is not even greater than we see it to be. The formation of the land, through out the greater part of the Russian empire, is such as to require all the resources of civilisation to neu tralise its effects on human health; and that civilisa tion is as yet scarcely instituted outside of a few great cities. When we look at other countries where Englishmen go to reside, we find none so favourable to life as our own—unless, perhaps, our own Canada, where, we believe, the average of life and health is high. In Italy, with all its charms of climate, there is malaria, fever and painful cold in winter, from the structure of the dwellings. Sicily is notoriously unhealthy. So is the greater part of Spain, from exposure, heat, dirt, and damp. In the Limited States the average duration of life is dismally short, and the state of health so remarkably bad that it has been freteiently proposed to hold a National Convention on the subject of Health, to see what resistance can he made to consumption, diger tire maladies, and nervous diseases. Part of the mischief arises from the fact of th e greater part of , the soil being recently settled; but much also from the methods of diet and the excessive excitability of our I xcellent relatives over there. No doubt, in all' these cases, and in our own, more experience and a higher wisdom would ensure an amelioration of health and a prolongation of life. There is no cause for boastfulness in our superior advantages. We Sr. nut now imputing our favoured condition to any merits of our own ; and heaven knows it would be unspeakably absurd and wicked to do so, while we sin, daily and hourly, on a large scale, against the laws of the human constitution. We may not boast while we have our defiled rivers and fetid sewers under our noses, and our Hooded fields and smoking chimneys, and crowrlid graveyards, and Unit vesti bule, the gin palace, before our eyes. What we do say is that, noble as are the American prairie and forest—beautiful u are the sunny and starry skies of Italy—majestic and charming as are the rivers of Germany and Spain—and gladsome as existence be in some of the gay valleys of France—we au7t. a more easy and a longer life in oar dear old England with all its mist, and werpiap of the sky. We have tot a las- THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 1, 1853 RAILWAY AND OTHER PLANS DEPOSITED .4 T TIDE BOA.RD OF TRADE. • SESSION 1131. The is a correct list of all the plans, &c., of railways, &c.,. Lodged at the - Board of 'Trade up to eight o'clock yisteiday evening, relative to Billa to go before Parliiment in the coming Session, 1554 : ENGLAND AND WALES. &oath Midland Railway. Thames Embaakment and Railway (London and West miustar). Conway and Llaarwst Railway. Eastern Counties Railway (stations enlargement, Wis. beach Branch). Oxford, Sevenoaks, and Troubridge Railway. Southwark and Crystal Palace Railway. London and West Kent Railway. Wellington Docks, Southwark. West-end and Crystal Palace Junction Railway. Sydenharo, Farnborough, and Otford Railway. &eau. and Exmouth Railway. Potteries, Biddsilph, and Conglitou Railway. Birmingham Canal Navigation (Tramways). Wycombe and Oxford Railway. Blyth Harbour Improvement Dock and Railway. Darlington and Barnard Castle Railway. Lynaiagton ancLßrockinghnrat Junction Railway. Wrexham and Ruthin Railway. York and North Midland Railway (Branches). Carlisle and Moth Railway and Dock. Barnard Castle and Bishop Auckland Junction Railway. Oxford, Worcester, and Wolverhampton Railway (Chip. ping Norton Branch). Hertford, Ware, and Welwyn Junction Railway. Oxford, Worcester, and Wolverhampton Railway (Stret ford-on-Avon and Stourbridge Branch). Ditto ditto (Cradley Loop). South Metropolitan Railway. London and Oxford Railway. London, Tilbury, and Soutnend Railway ( Extension and Deviations). - Swansea Bay and Lough°, Valley Mineral huntion Railway. North and South Wales Railway. Great Western Railway (Berke and Rants). North Yorkshire and Cleveland Railway. North London Railway (Station). Spalding, Bourn, and Stamford Junction Railway. Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (Middleton Branch). Eastern Union Railway (Branch to Wymondhaat and Eye). East Suffolk Railway. York, Newcastle, and Berwick (construction of Docks). Blyth and Tyne Extension to Tynemouth Railway. Leominster and Kinston Railway. Thames Improvement. West-end of London and Crystal Palace (Extension to Wandsworth) Railway. West-end of London and Crystal Palace (Extension to Bromley and Farnborough) Railway. London and North Western (Shrewsbury and Newtown) Railway. Havant and Haley Fridge Railway. North hletropolitan Railway Extension. Leicester-square inaction and South Kent Improvement. Shrewsbury and Hereford Station Enlargement. Rugby and Oxford Junction Railway. Montgomeryshire and Rea Valley Railway. Darentb Valley Railway Extension. South London Railway. Newport and Abergavenny Railway (Extension to Swansea). Tottenham and Homey Junction Railway. Caermarthen and Cardigan Railway. Stockton and Cleveland Union Railway. Direct Southern and Thames Terminus. Thames Embankment and Railway (London to West London). South Euler° Railway (Bromley Line). Great Northern Railway (Herncastle and Kerkatead Junction). Salisbury and Yeovil Railway. Dover and Canterbury Railway (East Kent Extension). Stockport, Dialey, end Whaley Bridge Railway (Stock port to Whaley Bridge). Caterham Railway. East Lancashire Railway (Dock Branch and Lines at Liverpool). Bradford, Wakefield, and Leeds Railway. Stockton and Darlington Railway (Branches). Leamington, Warwick, and Stratford-upon-Avon Rail way (from Stratford to London and North West Rail way at Warwick). East Lancashire, Lancashire and Yorkshire, and Man chester anti Southport Railway (Branches). Dowlais Railway (Extenaion to Vale of Neatb). Vale of Towy Railway, Whitahaven, Cloister, and Egrement Railway. Ffestioiog Railway. Torquay and South Devon Railway (Extension). Llanidlom and Newtown Railway. Swansea Vale Railway. Swansea Harbour. Llynvi Valley Improvements. South Devon and Tavistook Railway. Severn Valley Railway. Derbyshire, Staffordshire, and Worcestershire Junction Railway (Extension). Dartmouth, Torquay, and South Devon Railway (Exten sion. Festiciog and Machno Railway. Norfolk Railway (Aylshant Branch). Norfolk Railway (Lowestoft Harbour). Wells and Fakenharn Railway. Nunaatan, Hiaekley, and Leicester Railway. Border Counties Railway. Leeds, Bradford, sad Halifax Junction Railway. Portsmouth Railway (Deviations). South Deron Railway (Alterations). Ambergate, Nottingham, and Boston and Eastern Junc tion Extension Railway. Shrewsbury and Chester Railway (Branches). Cannock Railway. Great Western Railway (Stratford Branch). London and North Western Railway (Haydon-square Branch). Rhymney Railway. South Staffordshire Railway (Extension). London and North Western Railway (Junction Lines at Shrewsbury). South Wales Railway (Branches). South Wales and Northamptonshire Junction Railway. SCOTLAND. Caledonian Railway (Lasmahagou Branches.) Perth and Dunkeld Railway. Caledonian R.ilway (Alta-mica of Wiahaw and Colt on., &c.) Kinross Railway. Selkirk and Oalashiele Railway. Ayr and Maybe!. Junction Railway. Inverness and Nairn Railway. Groat North of Scotland Railway (Deviation, &c.) IRELAND. Kilkenny aid Great Bentham and Western Railway. Cork and Bandon Railway (Eztansion.) Belfast and County Down Railway (Comber to Down patrick.) Londonderry and Enniskillen, and Londonderry and Coleraine Railway (Bridge at Londonderry.) Belfast and West of Ireland Junction It iilway (Armagh to Cacao). Clones end Cavan Junction Railway. Belfast and \Vest of Ireland Junction Railway (Armagh to Clones). Londonderry Bridle. Midland Great Western Railway of Ireland (Tullamore Branch). Dublin and Wicklow Railway (Extension). Tuam Railway. Londonderry and Enniskillen Railway (Extension to Tinto*. Great Southern and Western Railway (Extension to Athlone). Cork and Waterford Railway (Alterations). Wexford and Wicklow Junction Riilway. Grand Junction Railway of Ireland. Cork, Blackrock, and Passage Railway (Carrigaloe to Midletoc). Irish South Eastern Railway (Extension from Scarawal lish Bridge to Wexford). Mallow and Fermoy Railway. Bagnaldstown, New Roes, and Wexford Railway. Dundalk and Enniskillen Railway (Extension). Tramore and Dunmore Railway. Londonderry and Coleraine Railway (Castle Dawson Ex tension). Ballymena, Ballymoney, Coleraine, and Portruah J arc tion It iilway (No. 1). Ballymena, Ballymoney, Coleraine, and Portruch June.' tion Itkilway (No. 2). Dowapatrick, Baikal, and Dublin Railway. EXCLUSIVE DEALINO.—It is stated taut the Em peror of Russia bus withdrawn the whole of his funds front the Bank of England, and closed his account with that se tablialaent, end also with the Book of Frame. LATEST FROM ABROAD. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. A t2legraphic detpatoh, dated Nov. 30, has been received from Vienna, which contains the following statements : " On the 21st, at night, the Turks forced the Russians toviit the island opposite Oiurgevo. Two attempts were made by the Russians to retake the island, but were repulsed. In the second attempt the Russian soldiers had to be forced into the fire. Between 7 and &in the morning of the 24th inst., the Russians retook the island. During the night of the 25th the Turks made another night attack, but were repulsed. The passage of the river at this point on the part of the Russians is out of the question. The pontoons have all been sent to Hirsova, to connect the numerous islands with the right bank of the river." VIENNA, Nov. 29. The Hermannatadt Gazette of the 21st mentions a report that the Turki hal made a new attack on Oiurgevo. Letters received yesterday from Odessa state that the Russian vessels in that port were unloading their cargoes, in consequence of the intimation from the Turkish government that all Russian vessels will be considered lawful prizes after the 20th Nov. The Russians have announced their intention of seizing Turkish vessels after the 22nd. trous and translucent atmosphere ; but our meadows are the greenest in the world. We have not vineyard', but we have the most punctual corn fields ever known. We have not a gay life in theppes air; but we have a better aggregate of hoops than any other people and while every othev *tins of oar soil is more fruitful, " CiOD'S acre "is, as we see, less heavily sown than in other lands. We want much yet,—much that it is a shame to be still in want of —to make our national existence what it might be and ought to be; but still it is true that it is a sin gular blessing to live in Old England. TO -DAY, December the first, the Betting House , Nuisanoe is to be stopped—it there is any virtue in "an Act of Parliament. The Legislature has de cided that from and after this morning there shall be no more ruin retailed by sixpennyworths to shop-boys, clerks, apprentices, pages, men-ser vants, or others. There are to be no more chances for black-legs to play upon the love of gaming which it is to be feared is too natural an element in the composition of most of us to need much temptation to bring it out. The myste rious-looking " commission offices," in which, as you looked into them, there appeared nothing to be sold, and no one to sell it, are to be closed for ever. The house where betting transactions shall be carried on' in future is "to be deemed," the Act says, "a com mon nuisance, and contrary to law." The honest gentlemen who have at behind the pigeon -holes, and dispensed "promises to pay" fabulous sums at the cheapest of all rates, are, if they exercise their innocent vocation in future, "de clared liable to a penalty not exceeding 501., and in case of noo-payment to imprisonment with or without hard labour for any time not ex ceeding three months." Here is a ruthless violation of the vested right that these worthies in tight drab, trowsera and cut-away coats have hitherto enjoyed in the ignorance or cupidity of boys and men who were greedy enough to venture upon the vice of betting. Will they find a hole by which they can escape the terrible contingencies consequent upon a viola tion of the law ? " Any person (says the Art) keep ing any such house, or assisting therein, who shall receive, directly or indirectly, any money or valuable thing as a pledge on condition of paying any sum on the happening of any contingency relating to a horse race, or any fight, game, &c., and giving any acknowledgment or receipt purporting to entitle the bearer to any sum on the hap pening of such contingency," is liable to the tread-wheel. The betting-house keeper's occu pation is gone when his shop is declared a com mon nuisance, which policemen are authorised to enter by " breaking doors," &c., "if necessary." His shop was his castle, his manufactory of riches, his bank. He can't creep down areas to his clients the servants, or eater decent men's shops or offices to look out for his customers the clerks or appren tices, or waylay errand boys in the streets, offering his tickets for sale. Credulous as his dupes are, they are not likely to be seduced into folly by the temptations of a man without a "local habitation or a name." His "office" made the man. He is nothing without it. He would be laughed at by the weakest of urchins that ever covered his chest with a panoply of buttons, if he offered to sell fora shilling a " promise to pay " for a, although the same boy would have considered the ticket cheap at treble the money, if the vendor had a roof over his head, and could dispense fictitious millions through the mysterious pigeon hole. He will have either to endure the terrible reality of working for an honest living, or extract ing money out of his late clients' pockets by the rude process of " picking and stealing." The plate and spoons, the proceeds of which came into his hands without his incurring any danger, he can now only expect to obtain as the reward of clever shop lifting or desperate burglary. He will no longer be able to calculate his gains by making a probable estimate of the wages of the servants and clerks in the neighbourhood. His California is blotted out of the map. But there are other gentry who ought to be affected by the operation of the stream which the Legislature has diverted through the Angean Stable of moral filth generated by betting. There are certain public prints which have earned a dirty notoriety and a disreputable position by their advocacy of the betting-houses, the proprietors et which repaid the service of the journalistic parasite by advertise ments- Each "office" of iniquity was also furnished with one or two copies of the journal which advo cated the corrupt cause, and which contained not only the " tips," but congenial reports about the almost extinct ruffianism of the " prize ring." The destruction of the betting houses will—it is to be hoped—put an end to all the disgraceful profits which the journals in question derived from such sources. While, however, society has cause for gratulation in its delivery from one great cause of ruin and demoralisation of the working classes, it must not be considered to have met with due protection from the Legislature until something more oan be done to check the progress of this " sporting tip " system. The columns of the newspapers we have alluded to abound in advertisements from unknown gentry, _ _ . who offer to sell invaluable knowledge as to the result of a coining race on receipt of a certain sum. These speculators do not hesitate to establish confidence in the minds of their dopes by laying claim to the possession of exclusive knowledge, which, if they really possessed, they could only have acquired dishonestly. They assert their perfect knowledge of how a coming affair is to terminate, while, at the same time, they can only have this certainty upon the supposition that there is a conspiracy somewhere, and they have managed to acquire a knowledge of the details. One paper in London gives an editorial sanction—such as it is— to these plunderers of the unwary :—men who deserve three months of the tread-wheel as richly as any betting-house scamp in London. If fortune-tellers arc not allowed to practise upon the credulity of the public, we cannot see why men, who carry on their operations upon a scale infinitely more extended should be suffered to prey upon society. Every man who pretends to have certain knowledge of the ter mination of a race to come, is either an impostor or a conspirator. He either tells a lie, or has gained his information dishonourably ; and in either case he is a tit object for the attention of the Legislature. The whole system connected with betting as it was carried un in the " offices " was a disgrace to the turf, and the manner in which the system has been fostered by certain newspapers l is disreputable to the press. The " prophets" and others who trade upon poor human credulity arc public pests, and oely find place for their mischievous effusions in journals which chronicle the cluing: of the dregs of society, and who choose their heroes among the ruffians of the ring. But even in these obscure corners their injurious " doings" should be stopped by the police. Poult;GAL.—Letters received from Madrid of the 24th ult. sta.e, that news of an insurrection at Oporto had been rec•ired in the Spanish c►pital from Galicia. The Cialllol Puhlieoha► a Utter from Badajos, dated the 21st ult., which states that the 13th regiment of infantry has risen in insurrection, in the direction of t►e Douro, and pro absed Dun Miguel ; and that Miguelites of note had already brought many recruits to their rinks. FRANCE. PARIS, WEDNESDAY EVENING. •Advices have been received from Trieste, which state that the Ottoman forces in Asia have followed up their successful defence of fort St. Nicholas by the capture of the fortresses of Usurgheti and Souchoum- Kaleh. The Georgians, it is also stated, are favour able to the Turks. Letters from Constantinople contradict the state ment of M. Magnan's departure. He has received orders from General Baragnay d'Hilliers to remain. A communication from Vienna of the 24th an nounces that the Austrian corps of observation in Transylvania is to be placed under the command of General Schlick, whose head quarters are at Klatt senberg. It is stated in the most recent despatches which have reached hero from Wallachia, that several skirmishes had taken place between the Turks and Russians at points on the banks of the Danube, in which the former had been uniformly successful. A report wu in circulation yesterday that the Emperor had been fired at in the wood of Fontain bleau by au usassic, who having succeeded in inflict ing a wound on his Majesty, subsequently committed suicide. The rumour, however, has no other founda tion than the occurrence of a trivial accident to the Emperor during one of his hunting parties. The 23rd anniversary of the Polish Revolution was celebrated yesterday by the performance of religious services at the churches of the Assumption and of St. Elizabeth. Letters from Constantinople state that Omer Pacha has intercepted and sent to the Porte a letter from Menehikoff to Gortschakoff, advising the latter to keep as quiet as possible in Wallachia. The Weems have offered to furnish gold and silver from the treasuries of the church for the use of the government. The Sultan has dec'ined this offer, not wishing to do anything which would give a religious character to the war. Scrim Pacha is appointed to the post of diplomatic ,uncillor to the Turkish commander in Asia. On the 24th ult. Ismael Pacha and Schamyl were to make simultaneous attacks on the Russian lines. The Porte has resolved for the present not to accept the offers made for raising a Hungarian and an Italian legion. The Polish legion, however, will be organised at once at Scatari, and then proceed to Kars. It is announced from St. Petersburg that the Czar is about to issue another manifesto. The closing prices at the Bourse to day show a decline of lOc. to 13c. compared with the closing rates of yesterday. The Four-and-a-Halt per Cent. Bentes left off at 99.93; and the Three per Cents, at 74.16; Bank shares, 2,890. PARIS, TUESDAY EVENINO. The various correspondence from Constantinople, published this morning by the French journals, leaves the question whether French and English ships of war are at this moment in the Black Sea as doubtful as ever. The Conslitutionnel is informed by its own correspoadent, that on the 15th—the day of the departure of the Egypte', or at least on the fol lowing day, the English frigates Retribution, Tiger, Niger, and Sampson, one of them carrying Admiral DundLes flag, were to sail for the Black Sea, " for the purpose of exploring the European coast as far as Varna." Immediately afterwards, a division of four French frigates, under the orders of Admiral Hame lin, was to make a similar survey on the Asiatic side, as far as Trebizond. The Conatitutionnel further says, that other letters of a day later (by what route received is not stated) announce that an English division, composed of the four steamers above-men tioned had actually started for the mouth of Selina, where it was said a number of boats laden with corn were detained by the Russian au thorities. " Other versions," this journal goes on to say, " affirm, on the contrary, that the vessels are destined to second the movement of the Turkish division which has been for some time cruising in the Black Sea. One cannot but be surprised at see ing a statement of this importance ventilated in such a loose way by a government organ. The " versions" alluded to describe a direct act of war against Russia, and it is certain that nobody either in Paris or London is prepared to find that we have got that length yet. However this may be, the fact of the ships being in the Black Sea at all cannot be consi dered as established. M. Xavier Raymond, the correspondent of the Debate, writing from Pens on the 14th, says, indeed, that firmans had been granted for three (instead of four) vessels from each squadron to enter the Black Sea, but in a subsequent letter of ' the next day ho says the ships have not gone, and the plan is for the moment abandoned. On the chance of their not having already reached you I notice a few striking fact, from the haat which I collect from different sources. The name of the Russian ship captured by the Turks at Chefkatil was the Foudroyant. This is the very vessel that bore Mecchikoff to Constantinople on his insolent and memorable mission, and remained there during his whole stay. There are considerable discrepancies as to the number of men on board, and also as to how many were made prisoners by the Turks. Instead of 1,300 as mentioned in the first telegraphic despatch, some accounts speak of 800 as the number of the crew ; others state that this was the number of the soldiers on board. That they were " all" led captive to Constantinople is evidently a mistake, for the greater part of them were drowned ; but it seems pretty clear that the Turks took all that were saved, and this number is variously stated as 25, 100, and 200. The Foudroyant was not, as might have been supposed from the telegraphic despatch, surprised when accidentally " stranded." She was one of the vessels engaged in the sea attack upon Chetkatil (Fort St. Nicholas), and she was terribly knocked about by the Turkish batteries. She put to sea in a damaged plight, to escape being taken, and while running away struck on a rock and went down. The Egyptian steam frigate Nile pursued her. The destruction of the Foudroyant and the cap ture of the remnant of the crew, under these circum stances, is a tact of great importance, and it made an immense sensation at Constantinople. It is thought the Sultan will go to Adrianople sooner than the imperial hat of Oct. 31 announced. Orders have been given to hasten the preparations for his reception, not only in Adrianople but in Schumla, Widdin, and Routschouk. All the corp dipluniatique whose rank accredits them to the Sultan's person are ex , pected to accompany him, at least during part of his journey. It is confirmed that the I'urtc positively , declined to take into consideration the new note proposed by France and England. The Sled( says Lord de Redcliffe asked Resehid l'acha to put in writing the reasons for the refusal, and this will probably be done. No contract had yet been made for the supply of provisions to the French fleet. On the day mentioned in the announcement issued from the French embassy but one tender was sent in, and that was above the limited maximum. it was stated at Constantinople that while Turkey had allowed Russian subjects in her dorniuions six months to settle their affairs, all the Ovoinan residents in Russia had been required to withdraw iu 4$ hours. The rumour that the Porte was about to create paper money at the end of November is contra dicted. I find nu confirmation of the recall of M. de IVddenbruck, the Prussian minister. Letters from Smyrna of the 14th say that M. Weiss, then on a mission there, had been ordered to Constanti nople, and it was thought that ho was about to re place the Austrian interuuncio, M. de Bruck, ad interim. There was a telt at Constantinople of a plot instigated by Russia, and carried on by a so- Iciety of orthodox Greeks. Several arrests had, it is said, been made. The Patric of this evening says the rumours of lan armistice to be concluded by the mediation of the great powers are completely devoid of foundation, and that letters from Constantinople down to the 16th affirm that the most formal orders have been sent to Abdi Pacha not to relax hostilities in Asia. Letters from Malta of the 25th say that prepara tions are making for the formation of a camp of 6,000 men in the island. Several ships were ex pected from England, destined, with the Terrible, Queen, and London, to form a division of reserve for Admiral Dundas's squadron. The Bourse has been steady to-day. The Threes rose 5c., closing at 74.30, after having touched 74.50. In railways there was but little variation from yes terday's prices. The Emperor and Empress will leaveFontainbleau to-morrow. The llfoniteur announces that there will be no fete on the anniversary of December 2, the only official fete day in the year being the St. Napo leon, August 15. The fusion is no longer, it seems, a tabooed subject. The Steele reproduces, from a country paper, the proces rerbal of the meeting of the cousins, and the Patrie has a leading article, throwing ridicule upon the tuaotruvre. It is reported that the Count de Chambord will visit Clarimont in the spring. SPAIN. -- • - The Madrid journals of the 21th state that the dissension between the senate and the government with respect to the railway bills continued and ex• cited great interest. The senate had nominated a committee to report on the bill presented to it; but the Minister atter holding a council sent a royal order to the senate not to proceed further in the matter, as the government had presented a bill on the same subject to the Chamber of Deputies. This order was to be taken into consideration by the senate in the next day'. sitting. The Clamor Public° says that the ministry has resolved to create forty new senators in order to be sure of a majority. The committee nominated on the railway bill consists of the Duke de Sotemayor, General Concha, M. Olivan, M. Lopez, Count de Torre-Marin, M. Infante, and M. Moreno. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. . The Patrie contains the summary of a circular ad dre• sod by the Grand Vizier of the Sultan to all the Ottoman authorities, recommending them not, through any apprehension of want of corn and other provisions arising fbr the capital and the Turkish armies, to prevent the completion of such contracts or bargains as had been effected in advance by landed proprietors or farmers with foreign merchants, pro vided always that the quantities called for by the 'government had been duly furnished. The circular adds, that in whatever provinces any prohibition has been issued to the fulfilment of such sales, the autho rities are enjoined to withdraw them. " A national subscription, which was opened (says the Patrie) at Smyrna, for the purchase of horses for the Turkish army, amounted in a few days to up wards of 260,000 piastres (63,000 f.)." The Impartial of Smyrna, in alluding to this subscription, states that its amount already exceeds the taxes annually paid by the Mussulman population of that place to the Turkish goverument. A letter from Vienna of the 24th, in the Post Arnpt Gazette of Frankfort, says :—" On the 16th the Russian troops again attacked the islands situ ated opposite Smurda, near Giurgevo, and the Turkish flotilla. On that day the Turks pointed their guns on the town. It is positively stated that the Turkish corps near Kalafat, commanded by Ismail Pacha, forming the left wing of the opera tions of Omer Pacha, is already 25,000 strong, and l it will shortly receive a reinforcement of 5,000 more. The Russians have a similar force at Krajowa It is now stated that the Turks have withdrawn their advanced posts, which had been pushed on a mile beyond Kalafat." A letter from Warsaw of the 23rd states that Gen. Uszakow, having received orders to proceed to Bucharest, had at once taken his departure for that place. Another letter, in the National Gazette of Berlin, says :—" The whole Russian army is composed of six corps, alai'''s ready to march. Three of them arm employed in actual warfare—that of Dannenberg, that of Luders (half in Europe and half in Asia), and that of Osten-Sacken. A complete active corps :armee is composed of 50,000 infantry, but deduct. ing those on furlough, the number is only 42,500 men ; the cavalry numbers 3,760. The artillery, heavy and field, amounts to 212 pieces of cannon." The Post --Impt Gazette contains a letter from Posen of the 24th, which says: " Intelligence has been received here from Kalisch, declaring that all the Russian corps quartered in Poland have act out towards the south. General Adlerberg is still at Kalisch, regulating the march of the troops. The duty of the town is performed by the invalid corps. The regiments which have taken their departure are to be replaced by new troops, and it is even expected that a regiment of the guard is to pass the winter at Kalisch." The Noncelliftte of Hamburg contains a letter from St. Petersburg of the 19th, which states that the Privy Councillor Baron Nicholai had just left that city for Tiflis, and the Privy Councillor Soltikoff for Warsaw, both of them on special missions. The Cronstadt Gazette states that the Russian General Engelhart exercises full governmental power in the eut of Wallachia. Before Prince Stirbey left the principality, the garrison of Braila was one morning alarmed, and the Wallschian battalion was upon this occasion posted on the right flank of the Russian troops. The commanding officer of the Wallachians immediately afterwards applied to the Hospodar, asking for orders, in the event of a repeti tion of such an occurrence, and received a private in timation that he would do well to conform to the orders of the Russian general. The Wallachian officers hereupon joined in an address to the prince, in which they represented that they had only sworn to the flag of their native country, and that inasmuch as this was not at war with Turkey, they felt com pelled to send in their resignations. Upon this the battalion was ordered into the interior. TILE EIIELASIIES AND EYEBROWS.—In eircageia Georgia, Persia, and India, one of the mother's earliest cares is to promote the growth of her children's eyelashes, by tipping and removing the fine gossamer-like points with a pair of scissors, when they are asleep. By repeat ing this every month or six weeks, they become, in time, long, close, finely curved, and of a silky gloss. The prac tice never fails to produce the desired effect, and it is par ticularly u•eful when, owing to inflammation of the eyes, the lashes have been thinned er stunted.—lfoooland on the Hair. Tut: EMPEROR NICHOLAS'S MODE OF LIFE.—The Emperor Nicholas leads a life of the most feverish activity. He rides, walks, holds a review, superintends a sham fight, goes on the water, gives a flee, exercises a navy, and all in the same day. do travels incessantly, passes over at least fifteen hundred leagues every season, and all thrum who are attached to his person have to share his fatigue. The Em press, who will follow him everywhere, loses her health by doing au; and it is said that the young Grand Duke Con stantine will fall a victim to the mode of travelling adopted by his rather. Nicholas is in the habit of travelling not less than seven leagues in au open culeche.— Adrian 40/I'4 " The i'zar and The Sultan." LYNull LAW.—Three persona, two Sonorauians and one Californian, accused of murder and robbery, were hanged by Lynch law on the 9th inst., at San Luis Obispo They were arrested, tried, and convicted by the citizens of Los Angeles, but the Spanish citizens outnumbered in the meeting the Am ricans, who wish, d to hang the prisoners. The Californian• were opposed to Lynch law, and, it is said, were determined to resist its execution at all costs. The meeting then determined to send the prisoners to San Luis Obispo, where the crimes were committed. The pri • toners were accordingly sent by the steamer Goliah to that place, and immediately upon their arrival they were seized and hanged by • party of Americana who wers on the beach.—Ncto York Couricr. THE THEATRE OF WAR IN ASIA • - The mission of the two farkish armies in Asia is to break the circle of iron in which General Woranzotf his for years been endeavouring to confine the Caucasian is 'lnfection. Abdi Paella, leaving Erzeroum, is to penetrate into Use valley of the Itioni, and to march straight before him on Coutais, and from thence on Tiflis. Se lisa Pasha is charged to operate on the coast of the Back Sea, AIM to restore to Bellamy' his liberty of action and of obtaining stores. In Asia, the frontier territories of Russia and Turkey divide themselves, in a military paint of view, into rather concatenation of ridges, connecti ng t h e C aucasus with two distinct theatres of operation. It i s th e hi gh nige. or the table-land of Central Armenia, and divititl the waters that run toward the Black Sea trout those which the Amos leads to the Caspian Sea, or the Euphrates to the Per elan Gulf; it is this ridge which formerly parted Armenia from Pontes, that now form.: the partition of the two dis tinct districts where the war is to be waged. This range of abrupt and generally barren rocks. is traversed by very few roads—the two principal of which are those from Trebisond and Batun to Erzeroum. Thus for all military purposes, the hills in question may be Considered as nearly impassable, forcing both parties to have distinct oorps on either side, operating more or less independently of each other. The country on the shore of the Black Sea is inter sected by • number of rivers and mounta,n torrent, which form as many military positions for defence: Both the Russian and the Turk,' have fortified posts on important points. In this generally broken country, (the valley of the river Rioni A the only one which forms anything like a plain), a defensive war might be carried on with great success against a superior army (as very few positions are liable to be turned on the land side, on account of the mountain.), were it not for the cooperation of the respective fleets. By advancing, atd, in cue of need, landing troops, upon the flank of the enemy, while the army engages him in front, a fleet might turn all these strong positions, oue by one, and neutr iliie, if not destroy, fortifications which, ot neither side of the frontier, are very respectable. Thus the posses ion of the Black Sea coast belongs to Inm who is muter of the Sea. The country in the interior, oa the Mar' side if the mountains, comprises the territory in which the Euphrates, tte Araxes, and the Kur (Cyrus) take their rise; the Turkish province of Armenia is en the one, the itusaisn province of Georgia on the other side of the frontier. This country, too, is extremely mountainous and generally im passable to armies. Erzeroum on the part of the Turks, Tiflis on the part of the Russians, may be said to be the two immediate bases of operations, with the loss of which the possession of the whole neighbouring country would be in evitably lost. Thus the storming of Erzeroum by the Rus sians decided the Asiatic campaign of 1829. But what is the immediate basis of operation for one party, will be the direct object of operations to the other. Thus the roads connecting Tiflis and Erzeroum will be the fines of operations for both. There are three roads ; one by the upper Rut and Akhalzikbe, the other by the upper A and Erivan, the third ,in the midst between these two, across the mountains by way of Karp. All these teat are guarded on either side by fortified towns and posts. and it would be difficult to say which would be for Turks or Russians the most eligiole. Suffice it to say that the road by Akbalzikhe is the one which would lead a Turkish army must directly upon the insurgent districts of the Caucasus. and the object of the Russian general would probably be to tura the advance of the Turks by a corps advancing from Batun up the valley of the Tchorokh by Otti upon Erzeroum ; the road from Batun joins that front Tiflis only about fifteen miles from Erzeroutn. The key to the theatre of war in Mis, and on either side of the hills, then, is Batun, and considering this as well as its commercial importance, we need not wonder at the efforts the Czar has always been making to get hold of it. And Baton is the key of the theatre of war—nay, of all Turkey in Asia, because it commands the fluty passable road from the coast to the interior—a road whi h turns all the Turkish positions in advance of Erzeroum. And which. ever of the two fleets in the Black Sea drives the other back into its harbours, that fleet commands Batun. Now, it is exceedingly probable that Captain Slade (Muahaver Pacha) nas only left with a division of steamers to support the eaterprise of Selim Parrha, and we must expect to learn soon that the Eastern coast is cleared of all the ob stacles which the Russians have taken pleasure in creating. As soon as the Turks shall have done their duty, we may be certain that Schamyl will do his, a., though abandoned to his own resources, he has for twenty years successively combatted the most renowned Russian generals. Schamyl was born in 1797. His beard became greyish at an early age, but his hair is light, and his constitution, though appa rently weak, has been so well preserved end exercised that he possesses almost all the advantages of youth. He is the first horseman, the first marksman, the first swimmer of the Caucasus, though in that country able horsemen, swim .men, and marksmen abound. But Sckamyl is not only en excellent general; he is also a moat able administrator. Rtligion is in his hand. an instrument of rule, and also an instrument of moralisation and patriotism. Since 1831, when he succeeded Chasj Mullah, who died at his side at the breach of Hinny, in an engagement with the Russians, not a single act of weakness can be alleged against him. Sober, chaste, active, comparatively enlightened, he has never employed the power with which he is invested for the satisfaction of his personal passions. The sect of which he is the chief is called Muride, and its object is to destroy the schism which exists between the followers of Ali, of Abou-Bekr, and Omar. He has nearly succeeded in the Caucus*, and of one hundred tribes different by origin, traditions, and, to a certain degree, by language, he has formed a people ready to die for their faith and their coun try. Let Selim Pacha give room for operations, and let him supply ammunition to such a man, and Russia will soon feel all the conquests which during the last fifty years she has made by cunning, intrigue, and corruption in Min grelia, Crouria, and Georgia, tremble in her hands, and then slip from them altogether. CIIRISTIANIA, Nov. 18.—The Norwegian railway labourers have, on occasion of the intended departure of one of the English sub•contractors, Mr. Jarvis Kershaw, given a gratifying proof of bow well they know how to ap preciate kind and just treatment. Mr. Kershaw has been engaged on the railway 21 years, and has during that period evinced the greatest interest in the welfare of the labourers, who are said to have been formed under his training into a very efficient staff. As his part of the un dertaking is soon completed, and he will in consequence leave the country, the labourers assembled en masse on the 10th, Mr. Kershaw's birthday, and, with their spades on their shoulders, proceeded to his house to present to him a silver wine Jug with an inscription, and with a spade, a pickaxe, and other implements of labour, worked in relief. Pastor Milling, who headed the procession, expressed in the name of the labourers their gratitude and attachment to the kind master, who never let the sick and the poor go unaided from his presence. Mr. Kershaw's pleasurable surprise was as treat as the enthun am of th^ labourers, who, after having sung several appropriate songs, were hospitably entertained by the gentleman they bad assembled to honour. THE ADULTERATION OF COFFEE.—Yeaterday, at the Court of Inland Revenue, Somerset House, Edward Alfred Marsh, No. 103, Long lane, Bermondsey ; William I'rimmer, 104, High-street, Wapping; Alfred Dennis, Church -street, Hackney; William Buroard, 104, Went worth•place, Shoredi•ch ; William Newman, 23, Little Belle alley, City ; and James Morris, 128, lloundsditch, were each lined 101. for selling coffee adulterated with chicory as pure coffee. The extent of the adulteration varied from 9 to 43 per cent. CONoIECRATION OF COLONIAL BISHOPS OF NATAL AND ORARAM'S Tows.—Yesterday morning the ceremony of consecrating the bishops appointed to the newly con stituted sees of Natal and Graham's Town took place in St. Mary's, Lambeth. The officiating prelates were the Arch bishop of Canterbury, the Bishop of Landon, and the Bishop of Oifthil. 't he church was crowded, although ad mission was obtained only by tickets. Long before the hour appointed for the ceremony the church bells rang a peal, and the church organ played appropriate music. The reverend divines elevated were the Rev. Dr. John William Colenso, of St. John's, Cambridge, and the Rev. Dr. John Armstrong, of Lincoln College, Oxford; the tormer nomi nated to the bishopric of N'atsl, and the latter to the bishopric of Graham's Town. Divine service was performed by the Rev. Charles Dalton, the rector, assisted by the Rev. Messrs. James, Ensom, and Gregory ; after which the Bishop of Oxford ascended the pulpit, and delivered an impressive sermon. At'r r the service the new bishops were duly admitted to ther.r sacred office by the imposition of hands. The proceedis,go occupied several hours. FALLING HOUF,ES IN RUSSELL -COURT, DRURY LANE.—The occupi era of the houses numbered li, It, and 20, Russell-court, Drury-lane, having been greatly alarmed by the sudden isir.king of the walls and timbers of their respective dwel'tiags, immediately vacated them; and it was found the r their condition was so highly dangerous that workmte,, ore employed in shoring up the walls, and securing the several floors by means of jack screws. until the substroctureo are put into a state of stability. S1111".4 ENT OF COLD TO FRANCE.—The Cambria steamer, Captain Miller, sailed from Liverpool yesterday for P.avre, with the cargo and passengers of the Mor gant damaged by a collision in the Channel. She hat: on hoard 340,000 dollars, part of the supply brought by the royal mail steam ship Africa from New York on Sunday. The (lure srathed and ro The Poches st pl S&r (icon Western Kell frognsore, ne, the Duchess afternoon. old A deputstio Mota, and Right Hon. f yesterday, at i Despatches Africa were PI The cocain Corporation 0 official reside Downing etre the Right Ho The Lords h Ane n tenn Cthe 1 coy of State the Duchy Knight Bruci j. l'atteson• Mr. C. Ore The Attorne; attendance. Sir Frederi petition Iron re call of "Ihr hi d in suppol certain acts p The case w 11tajor•Ge Bart., is scric especially in served. bat return trona I Yeaterdn' s..t brit' li appointed pr, THE 31,4 The bill Education A of Commons will be to su payers, in tl unions nre e y vp i) bitei councils. tdenn e thndsh d tcelidetotepprincipal et it,anahad t kai 0 1 1 tsit • the commit) develops hii return hcai association. did not exit the present wacanzioui be male u that as a pc flexion wilt position to i arranged, that Sir .1 that the Di Lords, shol Yeeterd sionary Sot sending car of the open religion• el unfaeourat chair was t ported by C. Champr son, the 11 miuionary detailing proposing out, the es from three opening ai Child muvi contemplai of Providi encourage' force had I empire, sra inhabitant accessible Gospel. Champne3 mously. James, sr the Rev. cordance of the con course of I including ings term chairman. NARA In the of an acci and Mani two cam without i more ser results. the poir into wt main 1i croft onl; blanches here perc from som again pu order thi when thi which 1 Patricrol hour, a some fc as Boon The coil, otherwis train gel at the ri carriage almost I second < destroye engine, mile bel come t< and saw engine i foreheai had an withal before t to allot< been as investig MI bun! makil dlsid. Mr.]