The Express. — London, England, 1852-08-30 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, AUGUST 30, 1852 Ithr fiElcvreoo. all those ingenious implements which occupied so much space in the Great Exhibition of the Crystal Palace. We admire and wonder at the ingenuity, inventiveness, energy, and perseverance of oar agri culturists. We fully believe in their power of per fecting our soil, and the processes of tilling it, reap ing its harvests, and preparing . them for the use of man. Yet to us—we speak in all the humility of ignorance—it appears that there is one most essential improvement to which not ono of them has yet turned his attention. TO et :ItitHSPONDENTO. eneeds Estillan .f " Tbe Ewan." essialales tbe one et Gazette," s. pubb.besl reeve Tudelay eat Pebbly ewe _ . . . . _ . Yee pow pilyeetionoesta Peoples "..r .' The Express," Los les Epode, pm, ~,,,,, Mat the oak , , . , l'..stereseirset. by Two o'elook es Pe dis d publisettote. HIGH wAT E 4 T LONDON BRIDGE . Tom D —yersing. I ~ $716........Ab1inem 33m. Tevaasow—llaram. .......4111aassa. Wk. fair It is passing strange that while they are giving themselves so much trouble to improve the earth they never Waste a thought on the improvement of the atmosphere. Yet we would humbly represent to them, that with all their ameliorations of the soil, their work will bo but half done until they also ameliorate our climate. LONDON, MOND AT. AUGUST 30. Tilt Congress of the United States, after an unu sually prolonged session, adjourns on the 31st inst. Its adjournmero will probably be unaccompanied by any "action" on the fisheries question, fur, with a wise discretion, it arms inclined to leave that dis pute to the moderation and gond sense of the PRE SIDENT; and this Congressional abstinence from angry talk and unnecessary interference is, of course, very commendable. But l'ungrehs will aijourn with out legislation on the great question of reciprocal freedom of trade and navigation between the l nited States and British North America, and that is an omission to be very deeply regretted, for it is a measure demanded by their community of interests, and necessary to complete and consolidate those od relations which are the policy, amid ought to be the pride, of both countries. It is unfortunate for this question that one of the peculiarities—and a wise peculiarity too—of the American constitution obstructs its arrangement and settlement in the form of a treaty. The details of reciprocity are details of taxation and fiscal super vision; and to embody them in a treaty would. to a certain extent, withdraw them from the considera tion of the more popular branch of the American Legislature for, though a law to carry out the treaty would be necessary after its ratification by the Senate, as betw. en Englind and the United States. its ratification by the latter would be binding upon its government ; and thus the free agency of the House of Representatives would be interfered with. Hence it is that the difficulties of proceeding by treaty hare been deemed so great as to render it more prudent to wait fur legislation. The fault of delay rn the establishment of reciprocity between the States and the British provinces lies, however, solely and entir, ly at the doors of Congress. Already such • measure has been strongly recom. mended to Congress by the PRESIDENT; repeatedly the late English Administration assented to the prin ciple, and gave full authority to the local govern ments of the British American colonies to carry oat in this respect their wishes; session after Marion delegations from Canada have visited Wash ington to promote so desirable an object; and once a bill fur the purpose--introdueed by a very eminent commercial member—passed the House of Repre sentatives, but was lost in the Senate, for, it was said, want of time ; but, in reality, for a reason worth a little exp lanation , as illustrating an important change in t he working of the American constitution. Though the principle of that Constitution be, so far as Congress is concerned, one of represent ation, the practice is rapidly becoming that of dele gation. It is now an established canon of the Democratic party (and in such matters American Whiggery is compelled to fellow Democratic ex ample). that on disapprobation being expressed by a plenary assembly of his constituents, or by the legislature of his State, at the conduct in Congress of a reprsentatire or senator (as the case may b e ), his resignation must be the consequence. The result is extreme carefulness in voting, and even unwilling ness to vote on questions on which the public has not decisively made up its mind. Thus matters and measures of pressing importance are delayed, post poned, and turned over from session to session, until votes thereon can be safely given. And this has been the case with the question of Reciprocity with the British Provinces. Al? informed opinion is in its favour ; but there are prejudices and interests still to be overcome ; and fur their abatement it is more than probable we shall now have to wait until after the next presidential election ; for it is in the earlier years of a Presidency that great and useful measures pass through Congress. Meanwhile, however, between the United States and the British Provinces antipathies are rapidly passing away. Canada has already become the favourite summer trip of the Northern States; their tourists cross the Niagara at the Falls, traverse Lake Ontario, and descend the St. Lawrence; and thou sandsof Americans annually visit Toronto, Montreal, and Quebec. On the other hand, Boston and New York are the chief emporiums of Canadian business; and the American watering places are crowded by colo nists seeking recreation or health. Joint enterprises will soon connect the Atlantic towns with New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Canada, and these ' growing feelings and interests are yearly rendering commercial restrictions more and more oppressive and burdensome. The subterfuges of smuggling will go on increasing, unless neutralised by commer cial liberality; already, indeed, contraband trade dis regards detection, and greater efforts for its suppres. min would probably result in open resistance and rebellion. This consideration, which has often passed like a cold cloud over our sunny anticipations of the agri cultural future of Great Britain, has been forced upon us with more than usual emphasis by a review of the alternations in the weather, and their probable effects on the crops, in the letter of " A Midland Counties' Farmer," which appears in our impression of this day. It is a detailed narrative by a shrewd, observant, dispassionate student of " the varying year." And its moral appears to us to be that all the effect's of our agricultural improvers to make of England a corn country like unto Egypt, must prove fruitless until they can impart to our land somewhat of an Egyptian climate. We are more than half di.posed to suspect that climate tells far more than soil in rendering a coun try productive in cereals and other harvests. In Egypt, it is true, the floods of the Nilo have depo sited a rich soil, which co-operates with the sun of that region in festering and maturing its redundant harvests. But look to what travellers tell us of the Oases of Maim (in Arabia), and the cultivated dis tricts in the vicinity of Tehran (in Persia). There, wherever the industry of men brings water to the surface, and distributes it over the sterile and un grateful soil, the moisture, under a powerful sun, gives forth the richest crops. The poor ignoramuses of those regions aro ignorant of sub-soil ploughing, or guano, or liquid manures. Water and heat aro their only agricultural agents; but these two suffice. Now turn to the story told by our intelligent and experienced correspondent of the crops of our" cloudy clime," with all the appliances of sowing machines, ploughs, harrows, abundant manures, rotations, and what not? This year of grace 1852 has been, no doubt, a strange and fickle season ; has varied from cold and dry to cold and moist, and then to hot and dry, and again to hot and moist, in the most per , verse manner. But it is only in excess of our average weather fickleness sufficiently to show in a more marked manlier the modus operandi of our alternations of heat and cold, moist and dry, iu neutralising the efforts of the husbandman. After laborious man in these islands has done his part, to the best of his ability, he must look on and see the elements work their wayward will with his crops— now raising him to unreasonable hope, now pressing him down to equally unreasonable despondency. The sower of grain in this country adventures his capital in a great lottery. A little too much cold or wet in seed time—a little too sudden and violent heat in the blossoming season—a little too much muggy weather, hot and moist, when the reapers begin their task, brin4 on blights, mildews, premature malting of the grain in the sheaf, and what not. In short, to dream of making England independent one year with another of foreign supplies of grain, until our agricultural improvers, single and asso ciated, can do as much to ameliorate the climate as they have done to ameliorate the soil, is the wildest and most unreal of visions. We are placed on the extreme verge of the cereal regions, and exposed to visitations of " the Amy influences" which bate continually the most plausible calculations. We must submit to be dependent in part upon the fo reigner for our supplies of bread. It is not our intention to deter by these remarks from agricultural improvement, but only to turn it into and keep it in its legitimate channel. Our " Midland Counties Farmer " has well and wisely re marked that those farmers who combine a duo amount of stock breeding and feeding with their cereal productions run no risk of loss even in this anomalous year. Our climate is more propitious to the horticulturist or grower of pot-herbs, and the feeder of stalled oxen, and preparer of butter and cheese, than to the grower of wheat. A very ro spectable quantity of wheat may be reared; but the vaulting ambition which looks to render us indepen dent for complementary supplies of this commodity of Odessa, or Egypt, or America, is sure to "o'erleap itself and fall on the other side." All the " dirt " in all the towns of England cannot alter this law of nature. FRANCE. The United States require no protection against the British provinces; and these provinces ask for none against the States. The Maine forests are dwindling away ; New England capital is being more and more diverted (even from the fisheries) to manufactures; bituminous coal there is little to the east of the Alleghenies. The British provinces (with a popula tion of upwards of two million.) have no manufactures ; but they have lumber, grain, wool, coal, gypsum, fish, and grindstones, to exchange against American tobacco, sugar, molasses, maize, pork, salt, cottons, and dry goods ; and what they now derive from the distant mother country, they would more naturally take from their neighbours. Yet at preeent com merce on the American side is obstructed by duties averaging 23 per cent.; and on the British by taxa tion less heavy, but still reaching 12 per cent. But to the United States freedom of navigation would be even more valuable than freedom of trade. In reality, the St. John is as much an American as a British river, having its bead waters in Maine, and being the proper route for its trade; and the St. Lawrence is the natural outlet of the lake navi gation of the States. On the great lakes there are already American shipping valued at more than eight million, of dollars. But theme lakes are only' open seven months in the year. Threo-fourths of their craft are fit for the coasting trade; and were the St. Lawrence free, they would be so employed. That freedom the late Administration was willing to concede ; as part, however, only of a system of mea sures having for their object the interchange and establishment of complete reciprocity ; sod the ad vantages of such a policy are so obvious and so loudly insisted on by the colonies, that it can hardly be refused by the present Government; though by their folly cud rashness in the fishery question they have seriously retarded the progress of the measure in the United States. TOO season of the railway meetings draws to a close. The season of agricultural shows and dinners has come on. The meditations and conversation of the " pensive public" are becoming unequivocally bucolical. The amours of sheep, cattle, and horses, the savoury themes of manures, liquid and solid, begin to engross all tongues. Farmer and " farmers' friends" are the order of the day. • There are two classes among the sanguine be lievers in agricultural imyrovement, whose eloquence witches the world at agneultural gatherings. There Is one which loots forward to the time when our agricultural processes shall be so much improved, that nobody will care for or ask about Protection ; there is another which expects to render our har vest so abundant that nobody will object to the entire exclusion of all foreign agricultural produce. Wo have often enough addressed our readers on the great question at issue between Protectionists and Free-traders; let us vary the topic a little, and con sider what probability there is that the sanguine agricultural improvers of either clam may ever see their expectations reafistsl. We are accustolied to li-ren to the prelectione of these sages, with the deferential silence which be come" those who are conscious how little they know about the matter. We repose as much faith as the most coveting of th.m could require, in sub-soil draining, manuring, guanoing, liming. and so f e tth. We • mit the possibility of con verting barren and ungenial soils into fields of ex uberant fertility. Again, we lend • willing ear to wondrous tales about the economy i2d efficiency of rearm his gratitude. But as the object of the tour of the head of the state is to place himself in contact with those populations which he has not yet been able to visit, to study on the spot their interests, mid to come to an undentand- WA with them on all the meliorations which it is possible to effect, he would not see without some regret too sumptuous jam, sad he will learn with satisfaction that a part et the Navas so voted can be appropriated to the profit of the nem,- Item chums, and applied to works of charity. The Moniteur contains the following note relative to the removal of the Duke d'Enghico's monument at Vincennes : Same foreign journals, faithful to the system of aspenion towards the French government, by means of which they furnish their quota of scandal to Europe, affirm that the tomb raised in the chapel of Vincennes to the Duke d'Eng hien has been pulled down. That funeral monument, formed of massive stones, and surmounted by several statues, stood in the chapel of Vincennes, right is front of the high altar. Its gigantic construction occupied a large space, and broke the symmetry of the beautiful srehitectural lines of the temple built by St. Louis. In order to remedy the defect of uniformity thus produced, it was found : eary to erect in front of it an altar to the Holy Virgin ; but these two constructions, placed in the middle of the choir, impeded the religious services, and diminished the place ap propriated to the congregation. The pious of a complete res toration of the monument, which aro now bring exe cuted, were long since decided on by the military en gineering department, and were never submitted to the ap probation of the head of the government. Without his being informed of the matter, it was decided to remove from the choir the tomb and the altar of the Virgia, and to transport them into two adjacent chapels opening on the side, of the building. The tomb of the Duke d'Enghien has already been displaced, and carried to the chapel on the left; and the altar of the Virgin will be re-erected in that on the right. Thu translation of the cenotaph of the Duke d'Enghien took place in presence of the general command ing at Vincennes, and of all the authorities of the place. The ceremony was accomplished with all the respect due to the dead, and a minute of the proceedings was regularly drawn up. The monument is of white at d black marble, and covered with the ornaments and attributes which pre viously constituted its decoration. In a few days the work men will have completely terminated their works of resto ration in the chapel specially appropriated to it." In consequence of the arrangement of the difference with Turkey a steamer is said to have bete des patched from Toulon to recall the French flcet,which had orders to sail for the Levant. The screw steamer Charlemagne lime retired through the Dar danelles, on her return to the Mediterranean. Some agitation was caused at the Bourse yester day by the announcement of the discovery of a number of forged erentua/iti's of the Bordeaux to Cettc railway, or in other words of old promises of shares in that line having been negotiated. Searches have been made at the houses of several agents who deal in this kind of securities, and it is said that from 30,000 fr. to 40,000 fr. worth have been dis covered; it is added, however, that this is but a small portion of them. These false securities may be immediately recognised by an m being turned, and by the signatures being slightly shaded in the printing. General St. Arnaud, minister of war, returned to Pans this morning. The Assendib'e Nalioncoe, alluding to the muni cipal elections, says : _ . The information given us by the departmental journals continues the same. Abstention and ind.ifertnee on the part of the electors are what we have had to record whey ever these elections have taken place. At Besancon, out of 8,407 electors, only 2,238 voted, and no one was elected. At Aix, the electoral confusion is such, to use tho expression of a journal of the locality, that the mayor himself, M. Rigaud,hu not been elected; the only councillor chosen at the second ballot was the candidate of the democrats, M. Guilheaume, an apothecary. At Marseilles, where there arc 34,615 electors, M. de Chanterae, mayor of the town, an o the first on the list, was only elected by 9,057 votes. The country districts du not appear to show more eagerness for the exercise of their electoral rights. In the Crites do Nord, particularly, the elections in many communes could not take place in consequence of the apathy of the electors. The Archbishop of I'aris arrived at Stuttgard on the 23rd, on his way to Vienna. The Akhbar announces the safe arrival at Algiers of the five Arab families lately liberated from the Chateau of Amboisc, where Abd-el-Kader is confined. Tho President of the Republic has just decided that a commemorative monument shall be raised at Courbevoie, on the spot where the mortal remains of the Emperor first toucl-ed the French soil. The Prince has charged M. Clesingcr, the sculptor, with the execution of this monument, and already several sketches have been drawn by that artist, and sub mitted to the President for his choice. The Patrie, alluding to some fanciful surmises of a London evening paper, says that M. Pereigny has only visited London by way of making a pleasant use of the few remaining days of his vacation. THE CORRESPONDENT OF A LONDON PAPER AGAIN THREATENED BY THE FRENCH GOVERNMENT. PARIS, SUNDAY EVENING. When three Paris correspondents of English papers were called some time ago before a functionary of the ministry of police, to receive intimation of the fate which awaited them if they continued to wage an opposition of outrage against the French govern meat, or to propagate false news, it was sufficietly evident that their character as English gentlemen PARIS, SATURDAY. I would not suffer them to sacrifice the independence The 2lfoniteur of today presents us with the itine- of their opinions or the interests of truth to the in rary of the President in his next program. This tiwidation of a foreign despotism; and it was equally great journey, which is to extend over a space of six. clear on the other hand that the French government teen hundred English miles, and to occupy 32 days, was prepared to carry its menaces into effect, if they will commence on September 13. Instead of going were not listened to. Yon will, therefore, be scarcely first to Bordeaux, as the original plan seems to have surprised to hear that ono of those correspondents been, Louis Napoleon will begin with the eastern should have received what may be termed in the side of France. The points marked for stay are Lyons, administrative slang, " a second warning." This Grenoble, Toulon, Toulouse, and Bordeaux. At each morning the following letter was put into the hand of these cities the Prince will sleep two nights. 'Bor- of the correspondent of the Morning Advertiser, by a desitx alone is to receive the distinction of lodging servant of the ministry of police: theimportant traveller for three nights. The ports of Ministry of General Police, Cabinet of the Director Toulon and La Rochelle form the extreme east and of the Frees, &c. west pointsof this vast circuit. NeVOTE, with its can non Paris, August 28, 1882. Sir ; Yon know that the French government has the foundries, iron works, and old potteries; Moulin's d e - iof expelling from its territmy foreignew of whatever cloyed capital of the Bourbonnais; Reanne, which GE- nation, who may seek to Double, by their manoeuvres or by livers the coals and iron of St. Etienne to the Loire, their writinp, publicorder and tran9uillity. and the latter town, form the stages between Paris The minheer of general police desires patetismo this right and Lyons, where the Prince will stay over the 20th, without serisesoir foreign ; n o or does he mesa t i o or reX c e i r . th o e f and inaugurate Count Nieuwerkerkos statue of the ca ,„ll= aasate di sim i m orrelpapi.sisciess respon sible urnals bis by those lour- Emperor. Hence an excursion will be made to nals ; bee le le resolved not to leave unpunished the trans- Grenoble, capital of Dauphine, and endeared to Ina- whisk emelt journals undertake ostewsibly every perialisni by setting an early example of revolt ou gel a khan Wm- In tact, to ad mit it is not mib_te ov apoleon's return from Elba. Valence and Avignon, :M ein ° latiewtho°,lllo7° the protection ilamil profit ancient cities on the Rhone not yet connected by by the advantr aj th a t ear o laws without Nisi obliged to railway, receive the Prince on his way to Marseilles, submit to the which they impale. where the great public works ordered after the 2nd Now • hake Paris, edireseed tees Miettegy4ll. December at the expense of the department, will rerfiadri of ebkil Yes sr• tin arragimaseti, ea • same a popular reception even in one of legiti- t 2. 7 t ri si r tabi t° 6ll ,„.P s ainst blis t: 'ma k " i" r adr :t trsti r ld3l64 / the mil mrefe strongest holds. The President will spend h i m m a a k a - 1 m ans ,d ies . the 28th at Toulon, and notwithstanding the many / d u sk sbooshao, so difiy to inform ss ems it di.i • ships, laden with exiles, " rigg'd with curses dark , " ler wevespealeass dwell be span addrowed hi the aerial, that have sailed from that port since last December, Adeirtiotrolles law which az . to deposit their sad freight in African dungeons, we of °iPeltillit,ign Ye Ur : II : ewbfbenumei'l."l".....ertY.myagZil. r may be sure that acclamations will not be wanting The Dewar of the press, to the aspirant to the imperial throne. Aix, IL LA TOUR DU Moe old capital of "dance and•Proveneal song, and sun- It appears, on nfßeLt to the correspondence burnt mirth," now chiefly concerned to get a branch complained of, that it a charge against the to the Marseilles railroad, whereby more easily to administration of violating public correspondence. pour its excellent oil into the seas, will lodge the Now to what extent such violation may take President on the last night of the month. Logue- or wheth er it maybe systematic or accidental,lPtre doe, teemiug with all Nature's richest blessings, no means of knowing, but this I can affirm, that eh but peopled by ignorant fanatics, infected with neo- the same date I received myself a letter from Naples, jacobinism, next receives the illustrious traveller. which had been re - sea l e d w ith th e huge coarse seal Ile will sleep at Nismee, where Romans have left of the poste resiante. A part of the original seal, the more lasting vestiges of their massive architecture black wax of which made it easy to d i stinguish, yet than at Rome itself. Salubrious, glowing Mont- I remained, showing that the letter had been carefully pellicr, Narbonne, fleet stage of the Cotte Railway, I closed. A long gush, evidently made by a knife, and Carcassonne, on the Canal do Midi, employing more not torn by accident, penetrated an inch beyond the than half its male population in the manufacture of : seal into the letter. I thought this dlrcumstance re cloth of brilliant dyes, harbour the Prince Nieces- markablo enough to deserve mention in my letter of sively till he can survey the Pyrenean peaks from the same date, and I enclosed in my despatch the Toulouse. From hence to Bordeaux he will pause seal in question, so that you have had occulax demon at old Agen, smiling on the Garonne, amid stration that my assertion was not founded upon orchards et* plume which it converts into more hearsay. In the same letter complained of by famous prunes. Of tho capital of the Gironde M. Latour Dumoulio, mention is made of the I need hardly speak. The extraordinary sojourn of manner of tearing off newspaper covers, age three nights, the 7th, Bth, and 9th October, marks it ting the journal, and sending it long after 111 the crowning point of the progress. Bourbonism's the duo time to its address tied up with a dirty stronghold is to ho stormed, and the heart of Bor- hit of cord. Not only does this happen daily to deaux to be won over to the empire. The Prince the newspapers which I receive, but of "ouraule seems bent upon a very careful study of some points addressed to me from Belgium, tewitzerland, of the west; for ho is to make au excursion to the tinople, and other parts, few reach nip on the leg coast from Angouleme, and to spend three successive when they are due, and many never at all. The dir nights at the adjacent places of Itochefort, La Ito- ' tribution of the Independence Beige is often stopped chelle, and Naurt. From the latter place he will for several days together. This journal, in answer gain Poitiers, and thence return, pretty well knocked to tho usual statement of the semi-official organs of up with a month's triumphal progress, through the French government, that it was 'tired at the Tours to Paris, so as to re-enter the capital on the Paris post-office for containing false news, alarmed 16th of October. I distinctly that nothing could be truer than the perti- The Preeideet's itinerary is accompanied in the ' cular pieces of information which the government of Moniker by two official notes, the first of which France had deemed it expedient to prevent from deprecates ateiemblages of people at the points of the transpiring within its territory,—a sufficient proof line of route where the President dues not stop. The that the crusade against the foreign press is not other is as follow,: directed against false news. Is all the towns in which it is thought the President of I A detachment of artillery has arrived from Rennes tto• Roootti.e vtll war his journey to the south, the munkipal councils have n : ed considerable suns for his , l at Cherbourg, for arming the fortifications of the r „,. p .,,„, li , . • oft, precious f „„ won i eo of sympathy . port, the coast, and the place. The Fort du Itommet he is much moved with them, and is happy to express at is being armed, and cannons aro transporting to arm the rampart. of the military port, disposed so as to receive 800 gum. I eederstand that all the ministers, except M. Achille Pould, have been instructed not to send any more commioniquh to the Aloniteur. They are in future to forward any statement they may wish to appear in print to tho minister of state, who will in sert it if he thinks proper. In this way it is hoped there may bo more unity in official announcements. The Moniker contains a decree relieving M. Duces of the ad interim administration of the war department, which is restored to (len. St. Arnaud. Another decree suppresses the 36 picked compa nies (rompagnis d'clite) existing in the three infan try regiments of the navy, and replaces them by sergeants, corporals, and soldiers of the first class, in the proportion of one quarter of the general effec tive force, exactly in the same way as is managed for the Masseurs d'Afriyue to which the French marine troops are assimilate d. M. de Persigny has returned to Dieppe, from Lon don, and is expected in Paris before the cod of the week. Considerable mystery attaches to a special mission, confided to Lucien Murat, who was prevented from presiding over the council-general of the Charente by instructions to start post-haste for Algiers. Nevertheless, before the President's cousin could embark for his destination, ho was recalled by tele graph to Paris. Many speculations are afloat with regard to the meaning of these contradictory orders, which probably conceal some important affair. The Moniteur contradicts the reports of a bad har vest, and states that, on the contrary, the harvest of 1832 will bo on an average equal to that of an or dinary year, and even superior by about one quarter in certain departments which furnish great part of the cereals consumed in France. It adds that on many points a decided fall in prices has been the result of an exact knowledge of facts. On the 28th of December the Minister of Finance I , will put up to adjudication 39,630,000 cigars. The resolution of the council-general of the Deux S.)vres has been looked for with a good deal of curiosity. Although the appointment of I lenry Mar quis do Larochejaquelin us president of the council was a striking confirmation of the reports that he had completely rallied to the Elyske, people could not figure to themselves the name of Larochijaquelin at the foot of a petition for the empire. This incon gruity has not appeared. The council of the I)cux Sk+res has voted an address to the President of the Republic, sufficiently flattering, but certainly not imperialist. After an enumeration of the benefits arising from the " grand act" of the 2nd December, the address concludes: The glorious name that you bear, the prestige of which is still living in the remotest village of our woods, has aided you to found a firm and intelligent government, the extort., Sian of the national wish, • government that appeals by conciliation to all generous instincts. The council-general will always be ready to give it their support. Two eouvivial clubs at Montpelier, called Fetile Loge and the Society of St. 'tech, h ave been &and by tho prefect of the Herault. The prefect's decree was made known to the members, who happened to be in the club-rooms, by a commissary of police, who turned them out and placed seals upon the doors. In the billiard-room of the Society of St. Roth a bust of the Count de Chambord was seized. M. liorace Vcrnet has gone to Algeria, to study subjects for a new series of paintings. BELGIUM. The Emancijalion of Brussels says: Nothing is yet definitively decided on as to the period for the meeting of the Chambers. It is nevertheless thought that the parliament will not be convoked until the month of October. The treaties of the 21nd inst. will be the first thing submitted to the unction of the legislature. The bill containing the budget of the war departmeut of 11443. and the report of the military commission, are at this moment toeing printed, and these documents will be distributed in about a fortnight. The same journal says: We learn teat one of the consequences of the treaty of the 22nd, relative to literary and artistical property, will be the creation of an office for the direction of affiirs connected with books, in the department of the Interior. We think we may als o say that before the ratification of the treaty the Belgian publishers and booksellers will be bound to present a complete inventory of all the reprinted French books which they have in their establishments, and as many stamps as they shall have declared works will be delivered to them, which they will themselves place on the covers of the works in their possession. From the data of the pall-- cation of the treaty, any French book reprinted, which shall not bear the stamp required by the law, may be seized on the premises of the bookseller or the printer. Tho seizure is the only penalty to be inflicted. SWITZERLAND. BERNE, Arater 24. The government of Freiburg seems destined to unending trials. Only a few days ago it issued its address to the canton congratulating the inhabitants upon the rest and security which they had gained by the decision of the Federal Assembly. But now, while I yet write, the government is losing the election which was rendered necessary by the nomination of M. Schaller to the pre sidency. Unhappily the radicals had three candidates, and all means employed to concentrate the energies of the party upon one, were unsuccess ful. The P osieuxjesuitical and Sonderbund faction, on the contrary, were banded as one man to support M. Charles, the leader of the opposition ; and, there is every reason to believe, with complete success. In the city of Freiburg Charles had 2,100, but Schal ler only 700 votes. The troops of the Federal camp at Thnn have resumed their exercises, suspended by the recent desolating weather. The men number 4,300, all (except 10 in hospital) in excellent spirits, and under exemplary discipline. The English are swarming here thicker than ever, and we hear of them from all parts of Switzerland. The Valais seems to be rejoicing in the presence of a far greater number of guests than was ever before known. ITALY. Our correspondent, writing front Leghorn on the 25th August, states, that the works for the new har bour were commencing, that the government was very uncommunicative on the subject, having de clined giving information to the Leghorn Chamber of Commerce, and that many circumstances tended to confirm the'supposition that Russia and Austria were at the bottom of the undertaking, with a view to establishing a strong naval statian in the Mediter ranean. The details of the contract are given. Our correspondent shows how important it is for British trade to combat the Austro•Tuscan customs league, hitherto successfully opposed by Sir H. Bulwer. That minister returned from Modena on the 20th, and would shortly leave Florence again. The Firebrand arrived at Leghorn on the 21st, and left on the 23rd inst. A British cabinet courier loft Leghorn for Genoa with despatches on the 24th. A demonstration in favour of the Austrians and against the priest. took places at Bologna on the 18th inst. GERMANY. AUSTRIA. The Vienna Gazette of the 24th contains the names of the Hungarian political prisoners whose sentences are mitigated by an act of grace dated July 15. The total number of the prisoners so favoured is 104, of whom 37 are set at liberty, while the remainder have their periods of punishment reduced in various de grees. The recurrence of the usual weekly list of sentences published by the official journal reminds the Viennese that tho court•martial yet sits to correct their trespasses. A letter from Vienna of the 23rd states that the cholera has made its appearance in that city, but I only in isolated cases. SPAIN. MADRID. Arorsr 24. It is thought that M. do l'aiva who represents Portugal at Paris, will be transfe rred to Madrid to replace M. de Norouha, now Portuguese minister there. The last council of ministers was occupied exclu sively with tho consideration of the Mediterranean line of railway, and of that from Cadiz to Jurez and Seville. It appears to be nearly certain that ministers will convoke the existing chambers. It will bo time enough to resort to a dissolution in case any decisive hostility should be mmifested at the beginning of the stssion. The Military Gazette says that the Queen is enrienie. The Duke of Mauna and Infantado has been pro moted to the rank of marshal. MALTA, ATIOVST 21. An extra steamer from the Levant conveyed my last few lines. Reports are rife that she bail on board dcspatchn of the highest importance fur the French govern. meat, but the nature of them is kept secret. Many affirm that a conspiracy has been discovered, at the head of which are ulemas, or priests, having for its object the dethroning of the Sultan, and the raining his young brother, a zealous bigot to the olden institutions, to the ins{ erial dignity. Many of the ulcreas it to further said, have been arrested. As if to confirm the sequel to this report, viz., that Rue elan influence is at work to effect the overthrow of the pre sent ruler, the l'hwton frigate, and the Terrible steam frigate, have reached the harbour from the fleet. fly these arrivals we are led to expect the liritAnnia by the 26th inst., and as a matter of course, the fleet will follow, and after remaining a day or two, the admiral is to proceed to the Bay of Vourloch, near Smyrna, or Wain. The steam-frigate Cumberland has left the harbour for, it is believed, Tripoli, thence to Maiden, and other friendly ports in the Mediterranean. She was visited by great num bers of people during her stay here, the Am, rican officers doing everything within their power to gratify the people. FALMOUTH. ATIGEST 29. The Johnstone, Harrison, from Sydney, New South Wales, has arrived off hire, with 11,100 us. of gold on freight. She is bound to London. TILE OVERLAND MAIL. THE WAR WITH BURNAM (lIY ELECTRIC TILLORACIT) TRIESTE, FRIDAY. The steamer Adria arrived on the 27th of August, at a quarter to 3 o'clock, p.m. She brings the two mails from Bombay, dated June 25 and July 21. At the latter date the Go vernor-General was proceeding to Rangoon to settle measures with General Godwin. The Rangoon troops continued in a healthy state. General Godwin's forces are to be largely aug mented, and the advance towards Ave will take place in November. The steamer, at 700 miles from Aden, had been obliged to return to Bombay for want of coals. (11Y IitIIMARINE TELEGRAPH) CALMS, MONDAY MORNING. BOMBAY, irl.l , 21. The missing mail is safe. She put track from stress of weather. Twelve thousand additional troops have been ordered to Rangoon. Trude dull. Money market overstocked. THE UNITED STATES. ARRIVAL OF THE NIAGARA. (FOWL OUR OWN CORRERPONDNNT) LIVERPOOL, SUNDAY. At twelve o'clock last night tke liritish and North American Royal Mail steam-ship Niagara, Captain Stone, arrived in the Mersey, from Boston sad Halifax, bringing tho usual mails from the United States and British North American provinces. The Niagara brings 5.1 passengers, and 156,000 dollars in specie on freight. By this arrival we arc put in possession of two days' later intelligence than that received by tho Hermann, at Southampton, on Friday. The Canada, from Liverpool, arrived out at Bos ton on the 18th, shortly before the sailing of the Niagara. The United States steam-ship } ranklin, from Southampton, arrived at New York oa the 16th instant. The City of Glasgow steam-ship sailed from Phi ladelphia for Liverpool on the 14th, with 300 pas sengers, and 50,000 dollars in specie. In the United States senate on the 14th instant, on the President's message, relating to the fisheries being taken up, Mr. Seward, sena•or of York, made a long speech, of which the following is a condensa tion: Mr. Reward referred to the remarks, on former occasions, by Messrs. Mason, Borland, Toucey, and SoulE, and to their implied complaints of the course pursued by the admini stration. He did not suppose that any of the senators de signed any charge of a want of patriotism. The substance of the charges was that Great Britain had recently set up a new construction of the treaty of 1818, under which our fishermen were to be excluded from the Bays of Fundy and Chaleur—that an armed force had been sent to enforce that construction, and that the President had not properly re sented this insult, but had negotiated, was negotiating, or might negotiate, on the subject in the presence of a large British force on the coast, in a mann. r detrimental to the honour of the country. This was the amount of the cen sure imposed on the administration, and for no part of it was there the least foundation. The Senate had displayed no want of firmness in meeting this or any question, and why should there be any presumption that the executive department would not prove as firm and patriotic as the legislative I This was a great commercial question, and this administration enjoys in a peculiar manner the confidence of the commercial interest, and of the conservative property in rest of the country. It was a question of deep interest to the northern section of the country, and the President and Secretary of State had been all their lives identified with the people of that region. Massachusetts was deeply inte rested in it, and the Secretary of State was a Massachusetts man, and to that state owed all he ever enjoyed of official station. It was not likely he would neglect or fail in the defence of her or her interests, The presumptions, then, were that these men would not be wanting in firmness. The arts had made a striking record of ono event in history, where the Secretary of State was represented as defending M machusetts from a distinguished senator from South Caro lina. Was it possible this was to be reversed, and was this the picture to be painted representing senators from Arkan sas and Louisiana defending Massachusetts and her interests from the consequences of a went of firmness of the Secre , tary of State ? That secretary required no eulogy from him. He then applied Webster's remark in reply to Hayne, in speaking of Massachusetts to Webster himself. He re- , ferred to and explained the provisions of the treaties of 1783 and 1818, and to the colonial and British legislation on the subject of the fisheries, down to the act of 1848, which called forth a remonstrance from Mr. Everett. The result of a correspondence on the subject then was, that while Great Britain adhered to the construction placed on the treaty by the colonies, she relaxed it as far as referred to the Bay of Fundy. The Canadian authorities resisted strenuously this course, but Great Britain refused to en force the construction she had always held. This construc tion was not new. Great Britain had always an armed force on this coast for the purpose of protecting the fish°. ries from encroachments. When the new ministry, under stood to be in favour of protection, came into power appli cations by the colonies for bounties were renewed, and they asked for a rigid execution of the treaty. Sir Henry Bulwer, in 18.51, addressed the President, proposing negotiations for reciprocal trade. The President declined negotiating, but in his message informed Congress of the overtures and re ferred the subject to it. The British ministry refused to grant bounties, but said the colonies should be protected from encroachments by American fishermen. Simulta neously the British ministry, under date of July 6, informed the President that her Majesty's government intended by her forces to protect the fisheries from encroachments, ate. ; that the British force was seven vessels, carrying 31 guns, and the fiag-ship Cumberland, of 70 guns, making a total force now there of 101 guns. (The force there during last year was the frigate Cumberland, of 70 guns, and other vessels carrying 64 guns, making an aggregate force of 131 guns) Here was the mighty naval demonstration which had alarmed the world—and it consisted of a reduction of the British naval force from ono hundred and thirty-four to one hundred and one guns. This was not all the force there, but it comprised all that was placed there by the British government. Before the note of Mr. Crampton reached the l'resident, en alarm had been created at the north-east. The President and Secre tary of State, acting entirely upon uno ffi cial information, informed the country, under date of July 6th, that it ap peared the B h government was aboet to change its policy, and to insist on the resisted construction of the treaty, and it was written to put American fishermen on their guard. It contained no admission or concession to the Bri tish construction. The Mis.iseippi was sent to the scene, and there the whole matter terminates. No negotiation has been entered into—no communication with a view to negotiation has been received or made—no overtures for negotiation on the subject have been received or made, by this government or the British. Nu negotiation is going on under the cannon's mouth, nor has anything been negotiated away under British duress.. All, therefore, that had been said on these points was at an end. No change bad been made on the part of Great Britain of the policy heretofore pursued with respect to the fish eries, except to reduce her national force in these waters. Admiral Seymour, who had been represented as sweeping the icebergs, with a broom at the mast-bead, is there, where he was last year, with his broom as large then, if not larger, than it is now. Admiral Seymour is with his squadron, charged with four duties, extending from the North Pule to the Gulf of Mesico. Ile has charge of the British navel interests on the coast, to keep an eye on Cute, to watch Soulouque, and to protect the fisheries from en eroaehmente. From 1539 to 1851, twenty eight vessel' were seised, all on the ground of being fishing within three miles of the shore. Two of these were restored ; the others were all condemned, and though brought to the attention of tie government, yet no war had occurred. Sieco then lour er five seizures had been made, but upon the alleged grow s .' that they were within three miles of the shore. Hi. re ferred to the correspondence relative to seizures in Jacksiv e and Van Buren'e times, and thought this administration had roared as 10UdI7 MI ever they did. As Great liritain had made no change in her policy, the complaint o f a want of notice of course foiled. There was no ground for alum, for things remained just as they hod been fur 'ears. No fear could be entertained that the President would negotiate away the revenue, for in beeeniber la.t he said to Congress he would not negotiate, but submitted the aubjeet for legislation. The complaint that the Pre. intent had not seat all the navy to resist the British force failed, because the British force had been reduced in-toad of enlarged. The Miseissippi hid been sent, and it new would appear on a fool's errand. No seizures have toms made except within three mike, which could not be pro tected, and all without that distance required no prone. lion. lle examined Mr. Soule's argument that no bay wait within any nation's exeluaive dominions, the inlet tow he was more than six miles wide, and the coast of whiell di l not entirely belong to the nation claiming it. He thought this proved too much ; if it were correct, then the harliour of Boston, Long Island Sound Delaware, and Cht , apsake bays, Albemarle &mud and the Bay of Monterey, would 60 divested of the exclusive control of the Unittrl Status. Ile referred to Messrs. Cass and Soule, as having ba.. ti th, it arguments on newspaper authorities, and, tolmeieg their example, he concluded there was an end of the in oer, by reading from a colonial paper that Admiral Seymour and his forces were not there to enforce the legal and tip', construction of the treaty, but to prevent the proviiitial cruisers from doing so. Ile argued that Hiteland coital have no interest in a war with the United Seater, end pointed out the injuries that would result from such a count, to her trade, commerce, and tinanct a. lie eind he knew well that a war concerning these colonies, would cad in their independence, or antics:diem to the United Sham While he would rejoice at this, he desired no such eat et at the price of a war. lie deft nded the administratiou up ,a several other points centaieed in Mr. Soule's speech. Mr. Soule rose to reply, but gave place to Mr. We;ler, who moved that the subject be poodponeil tiil Tuesday, which motion no quorum voted, and the senate at 4 o'des.i. adjourned. The Nero lark Herald contains the following re marks in reference to the foregoing: The speech of Senator Seward, on the fishery quest »n, and in defence of the administration, is a somewhat novel, and, at the same time, important affair. It in novel for tb.• mumn that it is seemingly an attempt to plaster up, ■nd smooth over, the party dilikulty between himself and the I'rt•sident—and important from the fact that he had pre ;Leanly befit in consultation with Secretary Webster and Minister Crampton, and doubtless spnke under a full know ledge of all the circumstance a of the ea•e. Mr. Seelig( showed that England, instead of increasing her naval forth in the vicinity of her North American provinces, as had been re preserved, said forth was actually km than it was a gear ago by thirty-Omegans. Judging from speech, sail Mr. Seward certainly appears to be well posted up in the fart•, there is no more danger of a war with Great Britain now than there has beta for several years. England doe. nq wuut war any more than we do. It is hot her that Ls cre ating the ill-feeling—it is the provinces. She caunut afh,rd a war, for by it she would lure her Canadian posmShiol..., and that, in reality, is probably what they are aiming at, in endeavouring to drive her into a contest with an. St. John, N. 8., papers, of the 12th inst., state that the bail to Commodore Perry and the officers of the Mississippi was to take place that evening, and that the band of the 72nd Regiment would perform un the occasion. Time inh ibitants of St. John were paying every attention to the officers of the Missis sippi. She was to sail fur Halifax on Friday. A British war steamer has made its appearance off Bathurst, N.B. 'I he St. John papers exult over the announcement that Lord Derby has taken the power from Mr. Crampton to interfere in the fishing ques tion, and think that the English premier will stand by the colonies in the matter. Fishing vessels arrived at Gloucester report that the schooner Pilot, of Gloucester, bi longing to the same owners as the Florida, also seized, has been taken by an English vessel. A telegraphic despatch states that the Helen Mar, seized fur having fresh bait on board, and taken into Public°, has been released. THE FISHERIES. The following statement shows the allowances to vessels employed in the fisheries, and bounties on piehlt d fish exported from January 1, IS2O, to June 30, lfitfl Bounties en Allowances t' l'irlded 11-h `oeds em• Expirtd. plole4 in the Years. Fisheries Ti 31st December ....11120 d 015.11,168 71 du15.197.834 ....1821 11,107 170,052 91 ....1822 10,158 3 , 1 149,897 43 ....1623 10,888 50 176,706 08 ....1824 10,162 80 208,924 08 ....1825 10,560 60 198,724 97 ....1826 13,640 40 215,869 01 ....1827 8.879 20 206,180 55 ....1828 9,026 23 239,115 20 ....1829 9.007 60 261.669 94 ....1830 9,073 10 197,612 28 ....1831 13,406 20 200.428 39 ....1832 14,392 00 219,745 27 ....1833 13,284 43 215,182 40 ....1831 10,802 21 218,218 74 ....143.5 9,536 80 223,744 93 ....1836 6,731 80 213,1C1 03 ....1837 7.360 42 2.50,181 02 1838 5,174 39 314,110 49 ....1839 4,743 00 319,812 03 • .• .1840 4.9.53 90 301,629 34 " ....1811 4.760 40 35.1,140 01 41 I, 41 C. II It IC tt It t 4 . . It 4{ CI II 41 IC it it II II It Id " ....1842 62/ 30 :945.613 07 6 months to June 30....1843 3,315 05 160, 9;12 33 Year ending " It 01 -.1814 6,663 60 219,074 25 -.1815 4,174 20 289,840 07 -.1846 6,540 60 274,912 98 ....1847 6,488 20 278,429 38 ....1848 745' 83 243,482 23 ....149 68 40 286,703 37 -.1850 - 287,988 75 ....18i 30 00 3.24,285 01 41 41 44 46 Total The ship-builders of New York and vicinity have launched 23 steam-vessels and 20 sail-vessels since the Ist of January last. The tonnage amounts to 30,000. Tho tonnage now on the stocks is estimated at 38,000. Mrs. Oeneml Taylor, relict of the late President, died at East Pascagoula, New Orleans, on Satur day the 14th. In the extradition ease of Thomas Koine, Judge Nelson has mado the following order : The Marshal, It, F. Tallmage, having made the return in person, to the habeas corpus, ordered, That in conse quence of the difficult and important questions involved in the cue, it be heard before all the Justices of the Supreme Court in Bank, at the commencement of the next term thereof, and that in the meantime the mi. boner remain in custody of the said marshal.—Mr. Ed wards for the British government, and Mr. Busteed for Koine. \►'e learn by telegraph, from Washington, that in the Senate on Tuesday, the 17th, a message had been received from the President, in reply to a resolution calling upon him to state whether any proposition had been made to the United States to transfer the sovereignty of the Sandwich Islands to that country. The President declined to state any particulars, and a resolution was laid on the table, to the effect that the President should send a commission to those lands, to inquire into the expediency of instituting negotiations for the acquisition of those islands. The correspondent of the Daily Times, writing from \Washington, August 16, says: I learn, from good authority, that the British minister has proposed, under instructions from his government, to negotiate as international copyright similar to that reicntly concluded between England and France. Ile desires to secure for British authors the privilege of copyrishtinf their books, and thus controlling their puhl canon and Net in the United States. President Fillmore has signified ha willingness to enter upon such a negotiation, and the sa'✓ Oct is now under consideration. The stock of cotton by actual account in Nes Orleans on the 15th August was 7,500 bales, includ ing 1,71 X) on shipboard. Two California vessels bad arrived in New York. from California, the Illinois and Northern Light. bringing 13 days' later intelligence from the die' gimp, and upwards of 2,000,0110 dollars of gold de r :• The British steam•packet Dee, Captain Wilson, sath. at San Juan. . Iler Britannic 'Majesty's steam-ship Calypso. Cii Forbes, was off the port of San Joan on a CrUldV. Ilh officers and crew were all well. San Juan was perfectly healthy. The market was dull and well supplied with good; wish the exception of flour, of which there was tone in the market. 'th e Interior was perfectly quiet. The barley crop in Sacramento Valley is neatly all harvested. The yield is said to be very heavy ad the grain of superior quality. It was reported in San Francisco that a tire hsa broken out in George Town, El Dorado county. . n s Daguerreotype establishment in that city, near the round tent, which had consumed the principal par t of that town. One of the most splendid specimens of geld eve: brought to San Francisco was dug at Viaeita Cala. versa county, by the present owner, Mr. Durham Its weight is somewhat over 26 pounds, and, with the exception of a few specks of quartz which can be removed with a knife, the lump is a solid mass al pure gold. This was found 60 feet below the Ar. faCer 3 Those pert th to loot °plait)] A ) Ban Fl an cat! dread] Laving The comma a part) miners in hur killing debtruy _ . The in gren city w time, a haatilit ion fr provihi ]rills d. The waters •nd nu inch se Malts to be Witter. - Tile the w•o coding Our Arri Norther 1,1444,31 July 15 Arrir Compar &c. i 276:000 templet Gene fora G men board I found Lasing of flu rine p the rite. Geller them ji to join astern sonny d Ali passed, disarm, Gene worth ( few day - , Gene bis nu.n most hi thus July Islay, ; 2 I'h, arriv‘ d The deco of on the The the foil Islandt The I these 61 of the c second of 3313101 bottom fiaadwi The t to • 14i' The MOI WWI tiro 110j;1' 361 to 31 Bales 01 at very fresh RI vod al; high pr was owl disposel dian en, had cha altered. hbd. ; t awasuri Sept. 2: road, G tad pol Greco district C en r. ulll far the Iliihnp West I L num e ton. '1 at 1 n Finchlo Little ll a.n Iladl. ) 30, at I Its pa LON Works Pan) h to Cul, Colerai and Liu to be of