The Express. — London, England, 1853-02-08 00:00:00

iThr Erpreoo. TO t-01'.1.E.IPON DENTS. A .0000 t Milo* of " 1!..t Eaorode.' sootas Cho moo aviators " ilan•lto." Is orblatiod Ivey Terday and ftldy stilt. In Ow br mot. A .mterrteittehrlenbA for "The Vaocao,"Looloo Kvesiso pow, soda t » .t the ue.e, IP, Soolorirsitiot, W Two eolooltN Übe flep of pobticattoo. MOH WATER AT LONDON BRIDOIL Ti.i n.e—Morm.r. la It. Aftarasso, 11.0assalr —Monitor. IL f4a. £Neerw. ir. LONDON, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 8. Y E4TrßilatT the once famous, numerous, and wealthy - Ass. talon fur the Protection if British' lowimatry" met, at that most appropriate locality, South Sea House, for the last time. Insolvency was is full view of the "Council;" the fate of DANIEL O'Cosseist.'m Conciliation Hall, where chairs and tables were sold in default of Repeal Rent, to pay rates and !AWN, was before them. With infinite difficulty, by earnest circulars, a melancholy quorum was collected, and the second South-Sea Bubble dissolved. Having survived fortune and credit, the Association escaped death from starvation by suicide. The rural army that once filled " Old Drury." and the great Amphitheatre of Liverpool, fired with the hope of raver' ing the bread -tax, ready to frater nise with the discontent of Spitalfields, and march on Manchester, grown prosperous and peaceful under Free Trade, has dispersed over England's broad acres, tally-hoing and ploughing, draining, and manuring, busy at work and at field-sports, heartily sick of politics. None are left of the once formidable arra but a General (Rtennozn), a Colo nel (Diwriloar , with NEWDEOATE, PAUL Foolurn, a few corpora ' s, and an empty military chest. If MUNDT or NEwDEOATE want to lead again, it mast not be on the platform or in the House of Commons but over a good grass country, mounted on the bet; hunters of Leicestershire or Warwickshire; there they are safe swift guides; and surely an epustrian triumph is better then a political failure. Whatever may be the feelings of sympathisers with the faith ful " fifty-three," there is no doubt that the parlia mentary chiefs of the country party will hear of the closing of South Sea House, the modern temple of Jazus, with intense satisfaction. It must be confessed that, on looking back from the commencement to the close of the performance of the Association which has just dissolved, there is an extraordinary likeness between the South Sea Bubble et 1711 and of 1848. The bubble dissolved on Monday_ was originated by the Duke of RICHMOND, Mr. NEWDEOATE, and other Peers and Squires, in order to restore the poli tical credit which had been destroyed by the con version of Sir ROBERT PEEL to common sense. It has, indeed, succeeded in creating a batch of "Right Honourable Privy Camellias" and brief Cabinet Ministers, A sheet, suet Menu, at a vast mouse. The South Sea Bubble of 1711 ruined the multitude. swished a Secretary of State and a few jobbers, and inflicted a heavy blow on the credit of the country. Apia, among the most successful speculations hatched by the mania of 1711 was one worthy of ear late by the Exchequer; "For an undertaking of great advantage . to the public, but nobody to know what it as," "a capital" of half a million was required, with a deposit of 21. per share. The profits were to be 1001. a year on each deposit. The manner in which the profits were to be realised to remain "looming in the future." With the same alacrity that the farmers in 18,51 un tied their canvas bags to subscribe to South Sea House, and in 1832 subscribed again and rushed to the poll to turn PHILIP PCIJET out of Berke, to return BERENroRD for Essex, BALL for Cambridge, and Boozes for Hereford, the simple citizens of the last century crowded up to lodge their V. for a share in the anonymous undertaking of an adventurer, who, having pocketed a few thousand pounds in flee years, retind, and was never heard of again. Fortunately, in the case of the South Sea Bubble of 1831, the disastrous effects have been coofined to time and guineas wasted and to the disappointed hopes of the masa of the subscribers. What damage was done to those who were tempted to remain in over rented farms to theissuin-by vain expectations of a return to Protection prices, it is impossible to ascer tain ? Such broken-hearted victims of political dupery perish, or retreat to distant shores in silence. Ample evidence is before us in the shape of after dinner speeches at agricultural meetings that the great body of farmers, laving finally ceased to waste *air strength in pursuing a" Will-d-the-Wisp," have turned their attention to questions of agricultural improvement and reforms of general and local taxa. I lion, which are really attainable. At these dinners it has become possible to suggest the use of artificial manures, deep draining, or Improved implements, without risking " load cries of disapprobation." For instance, at an agricultural dinner at Melksham, Wilts, Mr. SornEnoN, M.P., acknowledges "that the labourer is better off than before," and enforces on landlords the necessity of " petting farms in such a condition that farmers can cultivate the land with a profit" At the Gravesend and Rochester, Kent, Ideating the breeding dead colts was the leading subject. At Alford, Lincolnshire, the chairman, Mr. W. UM, coos a Protectionist, dilated on the alvantages of • ing, and the necessity ...imo p rain of making the booms the labourers comfortable if they were to be kept from emigration. At DriMeld, Yorkshire, the chairman took oat crushing as his text, whilst the Smeary spoke of manures. At Halberton, Devoe, the ehairsao, a landowner, Neg evlowering rents where needful and diminishing rows. At a Cheshire sleeting a farmer urged landlords to great leases and execute draining. In Dorset liquid manure and peat charcoal formed the text of useful discourses. And so wherever we look we find practical miggestioas superseding obsolete political absures. The only nowt political allusion worth notice was a farmer, at a ploughing match dinner in Fulford, Cambridgeshire, where a Mr. WRIGHT, an occupier, claimed. as " the first mason of agricultural reform, that the farmers should have a voice in expending the county rates." He did not impute anything wrong to the county magistrates, but he urged that as the farmers were the parties who paid, they ought to have the spending of those rates. Then they ought to have a " union," instead of parish, poor rats, which would put a just burden on "close parishes." Both good and sound suggestions. But we have quoted enough to show how much tenant farmers have gained in independence and comma erase by the final extinc tion of the aimless Protectionist agitation carried on so long at their expense. None have more reason to stoic, that it has at length been finally entombed is that classic nmasolcum of exploded absurdities, the Been Sea Howe. Tun report that the East India Company intends to increase the European portion of its army senders it needful for the public to remember what such an increase amounts to. The military service of India at present is composed of about— Queen's tro0p5.... Native troopi Europese hoops.. 20,000 Native aseilkipit troops 32,000 Total of Indian Army 322,000, And the total cost of the three first-mentioned bodies to the Government of the But India Company is upwards of ten millions sterling a year. The 32,000 native contingent troops are, of course, maintained at the expense of our native allies; substant ially but theg are just as mach part of the British power in India as any of the others. In speaking, therefore, of the military ch irge on India, the cost of the con tingent force must be added to the ten millions terling before we Gan arrive at the actual military, Nathan borne by the people of India. And what that burthen in our own territories is may, perhaps. be estimated when we state that of the total expen diture of the Indian Government more than 50 per cent. is purely and entirely for its army ; even the police of India being otherwise provi , led for, whilst the general expenditure on public works is only 2k per cent. When, then, we are told that the But India Com pany is going to increase any part of this huge and costly army, the first question that arises is—can it be possible that an army already containing 322,000 men is inadequate to the protection of India? The answer to that question of course depends very much . lon the character of the Indian Army ;, on its (Among . , l ite courage, and its subordination ; fat, venni( these qualities, even double the 'number of soldiers must be inadequate. Now, if our readers will 'turn to an article in the Edinburgh Review, they will there find, what we have often told them, that this army is in anything but an efficient state; they will there learn how whole native regiments have turned their backs on the enemy on the day of battle ; how a Com mander-in-Chief has spoken of the Bengal Army as being totally disorganised; how the native ranks are now filled with tho very worst materials for good soldiers; and how a bad system, gradually introduced, has at last deprived the native officers of spirit and enthusiasm, and of the respect and confidence of their men. The writer of this article is by no means an alarmist, nor is he the advocate of any addition to the strength of the Indian Army. On the contrary he traces these effects to their causes; he shows that just as the European element was made to predomi nate, so native courage and efficiency hays sunk; and the whole scope of his reasoning is, not in favour of military extension, but of military reform. Such being the condition oft he Indian Army, the step which it is said the East India Company has resolved on—viz. to increase the European troops in its own service—certainly is not a measure of military reform. The objections to it are innumerable. In the first place, it is improper that English soldiers shoidd serve in any part of the English dominions under any other than Royal authonty. Over the thirty thousand Quer-tea troops in India, the Horse Guards, the War office and the other authorities at home watch and . care foe. For their safety, their comfort, and their return, the Imperial Government is responsible to the Imperial Parliament. The men can communi cate with their friends in the regimental depots in this country; they look forward to their return as a body ; they have all the pride, the spirit, and the unity of QUEEN'S troops. But who in England knows anything whatever—who cares far, who watches over, or ever thinks of the 20,0(10 Englishmen in the Company's European regiments ? The Horse Guards, the War-office, the Government, the Parlia ment, or the public, have nocogn'sance of them. Their mortality may be excessive—their health may be un attended to—their discipline lax—their general con dition altogether disorganised. On all these points there is no one in England clothed with any autho rity or under any responsibility. In principle, therefore, nothing can be so objectionable as there being any European soldiers in India not belonging to the QUEEN'S Army. Why, then, have European regiments been intro duced into the Company's service? We venture to ascribe the increase, if not the original introduction, of European regiments, to the curse of India— its Patronage. Formerly, there was only one European regiment in each presideocy; composed, as were our own regiments during the war, of two battalions. These two battalions have, however, to the great increase of the Directors' patronage, been separated into two regiments; so that now we have six European regiments in the three presidencies. And just as the original three rose into the preseat six, and patronage was in creased in the same proportion, there seems reason to apprehend a deeply laid scheme to turn the six into twelve regiments. Foe already each of the six is divided into two wings, the right and the left; the right wings having from 47 to 44 officers, the left only some half dozen. When, therefore, we hear reports of a large increase of the Company's European troupe, the expansion of these wings into regiments naturally . suggests itself, by which a very considerable accession of patronage would, of course, be created. To any such increase the Board of Control will not, it is to be hoped, listen. Already the indecency of having recruiting parties of the East India ' Company's European regiments competing with the Quer.s's recruiting service in our towns is too flagrant--already the exhibition of their rude wood cuts exhibiting Englishmen savagely cutting down Hindoos is sufficiently objectionable. What with the Militia, the QUKILN . B service, and the increase of the East India Company's European regiments, we shall have the fife and the drum going all the year round. Some cheek ought to be given to it. Let ea, then put a stop to East India Company's recruiting. This ought to be does both in the interests of humanity and of safety. Men deluded into enlisting into regi ments that never come home, are practically deluded into military service for life, or so olong u the human frame will bear it. They become in India weakened and diseased; they do little duty; their disci pline is relaxed; their lives are disorderly; and between the European regiments in the Company's permanent service and the Queen's troops temporarily sent out to India, the comparison is singularly disadvantageous to the former Into them all the dif-raff of the Queits's regiments coming home exchange. And, though greatly over they are perhaps the very worst portions of • the Company's Army. The first step in Indian Military Reform is clearly, therefore, to plate these six regiments under the Royal command, and not to allow the East India Company to exercise any of the prerogatives of Royalty here in England. By that means we should give some relief to our regiments on foreign service; have a larger proportion of seasoned troops at home; and relieve 20,000 Englishmen from as unhappy and hopeless a position in the East as any Europeans were ever p lac ed in. But even this would form but a small portion of the reform in the Company's asrvios that is required. How to restore the spirit of the Native Army, is a question at even more press ing importance, and one that the Committee, now that it is about to proceed to the military portion of their subject, will, it is to be hoped, direct its attention. TOE EXPRESS, the mea emoted. The fact of addisinsing "-d2 tory and anarchical* correspesdesee to a country does not conadtute a Grime amenableWM Frensi kir. 'lf the prisoners awe to hOdeatt with in a court of justice, the indictment, if grounded on cor- I respondence merely, must tall to the ground for want of poet of publication in France. Papers found in theirlouses might, indeed, be evidence of a poli tical conspiracy, but it is not pretended by the Pays that any such has been discovered. The ominous al lusion to the interests of the "public peace"--a phrase synonymous with that hackneyed and odious one, " public safety," occasions much uneasiness to the numerous friends of the prisoners. From private information I learn that General de St. Priest was set at liberty last night, he having been arrested by mistake, instead of a relative of the same name—either, as I am told 1 his brother or his son. Another mist ake of a similar kind also °scuffed. Orders had been given to arrest a M. Mirabean, a legitimist, but the police arrested his brother, Count Mirabeau, a warm Bonapartist. The count has of course been set at liberty, and I understand that some of the other pri soners, after being interrogated by the police, have also been set free. I have not heard of any other . names in addition to those I sent you yesterday. The Duke de Rovigo, as you are aware, is the son of Napoleon's marshal, the famous Savary. His sister has just been appointed a lady of honour to the Princess Mathilde. I cannot say that the arrests, so far as I am able to observe, (ace . sion anything like excitement in the public mind generally They arelooked upon as accidents "of course" belonging to the present system of govern ! meat. The Pairie says : The persons who have just been the objects of clemency on the pert of the Emperor had all attracted notice by their conduct and their repentance. Their pardon was either solicited by themselves or by their families. It is difficult to reconcile this statement with the announcement made long ago, that pardon might in all cases be had for the asking. It is physically im possible that the solicitations here spoken of can have been sent in since the Emperor's marriage-- the ostensible occasion of the amnesty. This state ment also goes to show that the numbers yet under going punishment rather than beg for pardon must be very large. It takes away all the grace supposed to belong to the wedding amnesty. It is announced that there will be no balls or parties at the different ministries during Lent. A Hamburg journal states, on the authority of a letter from Parts, that the Emperor Napoleon 111. has ordered that the allowance made by the State towards the support of the schools in Paris for the children of Polish emigrants, and which had been suppressed after the coup cretat of the 2nd of December, shall be renewed. The Emperor, it is added, has provisionally fixed the allowance at the rate of 10,000 fr. per annum. M. Clerset, aloof the most eminent artists in works of industry. has been charged by the Minister of the Interior to visit England ter the purpose of examining the progress made there in the arts con nected with manufactures. The grand ball given in honour of the imperial nuptials, by the Senate, to the Emperor and Empress to-night, has kept the city in motion for these three days past, and the most famous days of French splen dour seem again revived. The company are now assem bling; dense crowds are congregated around the gates of the Palace of the Luxembourg; the Emperor and Empress are anxiously looked for ; the approach is guarded by relays of cuirassiers, who, however I cannot prevent the eager peeping of the Parisians into the carriages of the guests as they arrive. The line of vehicles extends more than a mile, and not a few well-powdered English coachmen of the old school are among tee conductors of waives moving on slowly to this nationalist.. Yesterday the Emperor invited the Princes Frede ric and Christian of Schleswig-Holstein to witness a grand review of cavalry at Versailles. The division was commanded by General Korte, and the Empress, mounted on a fine charger, was present. The Empress rode very gracefully, and the acclamations were enthusiastic. The Moniteur of to-day records that an upholsterer named Paul Ledra was on Saturday sentenced to a tine of 100 francs, and six months' imprisonment, for wearing "fleur-de-lis in his button-hole and on his shirt bosom. Two other persons were at the same time con demned to fines of 600 francs each, and six months' imprisonment, for having, in December last, uttered offensive language against the (then) President. Among the persons amnestied are seven provincial editors, MM. Oustry of Aveyron, Desolme of Perigneux, Noulons of Candour, Amoreux of Cha tesureux, Viochot of Dijon, Daportal of Toulouse, and Jolibois of Colmar. The brothers Rothschild have contracted for a loan of fifty million francs to Piedmont, and another of fifteen million francs to Tuscany. PARIS. SUNDAT ETININO. The navigation returns for 1852 show the follow ing results. There were employed in all the ports of Francs (outwards and inwards), 240,778 Wpm, having an aggregate tonnage of 11,734,325, and crews amounting to 1,241,254 men. The ten ports of France which principally contributed to this result are the following, placed in the order of the amount of tonnage appertioniag to each :-Marseilles, 15,366 ships, 1,672,323 tons, 133,960 men ; Havre, 9,615 ships, 1,254,807 tons, 88,101 men; Bordeaux, 15,997 ships, 869,422 tons, 72,834 men; Nantes, 14,935 ships, 580,843 tons, 61,373 men ; Rouen, 6,215 ships, 541,355 tons, 37,724 men; Calais, 3,337 ships, 390,021 tons, 54,318 men; Cette, 3,903 ships, 367,487 toes, 32,125 men; Dunkirk, 4,439 ships, 362,177 tow, 31,871 men; Boalogne, 2,340 ships, 323,330 tons, 30,395 men; Dieppe, 2,017 ships, 191,021 tons, 14,963 men. I mentioned some time since that the discount bank of Paris intended to inCTOllle the amount of its capital. The resolution of the bank to this effect re quired to be confirmed by the municipal commission of Paris, and the confirmation has just been voted. The discount bank was created in March, 1848, by a decree of the provisional government. The duration of its existence was limited to three years, but on Feb. 20, 1850, the Legislative Assembly recognising the important services rendered by this bank to retail trade, prolonged its charter until 1847. It will be remembered that in 1848 the bank of France, insisting upon the letter of its statute?, refused to discount bills having less than three signatures. The discount bank taking paper with two signatures afforded facilities to small tradesmen which were eagerly taken advantage of. Its progress has been very encouraging to the projectors, for, from its in stitution up to the Ist of last January, 1,477,618 bill, of the value of 1,088,838,782 E, have been discounted by this bank. The capital, hitherto 20 millions, has, by the recent vote, been augmented to 33,333,500 f. B 7 the original statutes the state and the city of Pans guaranteed two-thirds of the capitaL One of the terms of the new arrangement is that this gua rantee is not to be increased. The conse quence is that the state and the city will be only responsible for two fifths instead of two-thirds of the present capital. The 26,867 shares of 500 f. each [representing the complement of the capital of 20,000,000 E, to be furnished by the shareholders, will be issued immediately at 550 E, of which 500 f. is for the increase of the reserve fund ; 13,333 of these shares will be reserved as preference shares to the holders of the 13,333 already realised, and the 13,334 remaining, and all those which may not be taken by the share holders within a delay fixed on by the direc tors, will be given up to a company of capitalists. The directors of the bank have moreover applied to the government for a further extension of its charter, and there is little doubt that a bill for this purpose will be nted to the Corps Legislatif early in the approaching session. Thus at least one institution created by the provisional government promises to take root in the country. FRANCE. PARIS, K Emmet,. newtons of yesterday wen not generally known WI the publication of the Press. last night , in which the Mewing merit =red Omni Thereat Os Duke CAhnasan, Grandee of Opals. sad KM. Rose de Rosie, de Ls Pierre, and aellraemeesaet were arrested this • at their rai Weldon son. Several other nasals, all bowing berl ve eigitimlet prom, are mentioned, bet as regards the hen nose, we are not sentiently sure to be willing to repent than. The arrests took pleas between six and eaves **sleek. They were followed by oeuroless, of the re sult of which we are !vacant. If we are well infismied, no expleutation was sives le the wean inenipeted by the com mheariss et edits efts smssuM the wears ssa The in=s te cep of IPrPlinumat the Petrie, male no the eateset. After the appear ance el the Preto the dillheest semeog perm were caseload by the plies that no emseete yea the arrests would be permitted. The essiseqeento is that in what should be the ordinary channels of public information no details whatever are to be found of an event of so important and alarming a ohmmeter. The Moniiewr is silent. So is the assatitanissusei and the Debate. The two latter journals do not even copy the paragraph in the P reale. The Union copies it, and appends the following observation : The news gives lby the Press* appears to us incomplete. The matter in gumshoe, of which we should have refrained hew speaking, does not relate to the legitimist party only. For the rest it will, according to all appearance, be ex plained by the ministerial journals. We are ignorant of the ceases of those meets, but we know some of the per sons arrested aufleiently well to be able to sty that all the accusations will soot disappear, and, above all, to 'Era that so far as they an concerned, there is no plot or conspi racy of any kind. The only explanation which the government thinks fit to lay before the public is contained in the following sinister note in the Pays: A certain number of secret agencies and political eon e -9ondenees had been for a length of time established in Paris, wader the inspiration of the old parties, and from these centres of defamation and marshy booed every day by side-pa th s those odious libels which dishooour a part of the foreign press, and which tended to mite the contempt of Ramp', abused as to the government which France has freely given itself. The government, which was aware of these preceedingi, *mild not tolerate any longer such • system of 'natl.= and abuse. Several persona amongst those who directed or who afforded aliment to this defamatory and anarchical correspondence were arrested on Saturday night and their papers seised. The examination of the documents *mad at their residences will dictate to the government the measures of just severity which the interest of the public peace imposes on It. This note, although not signed " communique," is evidently official, and it must be regarded as a sad supplement indeed to the list of political pardons now so ostentatiously cried in the streets as evidence of the emperor's clemency, and the return to regular government. This note, in language scarcely susceptible of two constructions, indicates an intention to mete out" se verity" to the prisoners without regard to the forms of law. It does not allege any legal offence against SWITZERLAND. Letters from Beale of the 4th inst. state that the French minister at Berne has lately made several appliestions for documentary and statistical informa tion respecting the international commerce of Swit zerland. The Swiss envoy at Paris is also said to have had several interviews with M. Persigny on the same subject. The French government is be lieved to watch narrowly the issue of the customs negotiations between Austria and Prussia, antici pating that the probable sequel to an agreement would be an attempt to engage Switatiltna in nine teen treaty with Germany. The Executive Council of Bile Campape has re solved to maintain its resolution for expelling ; the Jews from the demi-canton, making exceptions Only in fa‘ our of two of that people. It will be remem bered that upon the first announcement of this reso lution, in 1862, complaints were made to the Presi dent of the French Republic, and the representations which were then made had the effect of suspending the execution of the measure. It is probable that the Federal Council will use its influence to restrain the intolerance of the Bile Canipagnards. The Narroieur of Freiburg contains a " commu niqué," stating that pending the conclusion of a con cordat with the Pope respecting the future relation of the church and the cantonal government, which both are seeking to bring about, an agreement has been arrived at, relative to the diocesan seminaire and the ecclesiastical benefices. The quarrel be tween Bishop Marilly and the liberal government of Freiburg dates from the Sunderbund war. The pre late, who is celled Bishop of Lausanne and Geneva, has resided for the last few years on the French side of the frontier. EriNiS, FEBRUARY 8. 1.858 tom, ~~ ITALY . TURIN, Fan. 2. After the intelligence of Mazzinghi's pardon which I lately transmitted, with the addition that the go vernment had issued circulars enjoining upon the magistracy forbearance with respect to imputed reli gious offences, you will expect to hear no more of persecution for belief or proselytism. Yon will therefore be astonished, as we in Turin have been, to learn the latest intelligence from Genoa. Notwithstanding the royal pardon, and the as surances which attended it, Mnzzinghi, immediately on coming out of prison, has been ordered to leave the kingdom within five days, and to be expelled from it by the public force upon non-compliance. I can give you no idea of the indignation which this positive announcement has produced among the public. The popular press, though on the shortest notice, has begun to express it in the most impas sioned terms. The Gazzettes del Popo'o declares roundly that the King's pardon was nothing but a Jesuitical deception—a measure adopted merely to evade the oonseirentxte which the atrocious sentence against the Medial at Florence has brought upon the renegado Grand Duke of Tuscany. GERMANY. PROSECUTIONS OF THE GERMAN PRESS. Gervinus, resolved upon taking the highest ob tainable legal opinion upon the alleged illegal cha racter of his book, has transmitted the following questions to the law faculty of the University of, Gottingen: Has the writing of Gervinus, entitled " Introduction to the History of the Nineteenth Century," either the matter or the spirit imputed to the book and its author by the state prosecutor of Baden, or does it not, both in matter and °twilit' tendency, belong properly to the scientific investi gations of an historian ? Are there to be found in the writing prima facie grounds for making each a product of scientific inquiry the object of an indictment? Apart from these questions and their answers is the indictment, grounded both in law and fact, according to the legislation of Baden, so that a judgment can take place on the case preferred, or is it not the opinion of the reverend jurist faculty that the complaint of the Grand Ducal stets prose cutor must be dismissed ? Gervinus's " Introduction " has at length been confiscated at Leipsic, the place of its publication. The seizure took place on the 4th, but only a few copies of the work were found. The German .go vernments seem to ha re been last week "i' the ve in " for punishing authors, speakers, and printers. On the 3rd, the last number of the magazine called Dtulachan itanalea was confiscated at Leipiac. An article on the relations of Germany to the French empire was the cause of offence, and the proceeding is said to have been instigated by the French ambas sador. At Dusseldorf, on the 4th, the police seized Dr. J. A. Bieterim's new work, called " - Elucidation of the Secret Instructions to the Jesuits." (Monad Sc crcta Soc.Jeas.) The hasty prOreedings of tho Oberst of Heidel berg have given oonrage to the entire class of ob scurantist' in Baden. The church council of lEark. rube has lent in a memorial to the senate of the University of Heidelberg, recommending it to strike the name of a certain private tutor from the official list, on account of the alleged pantheistic tendency of a philosophical work, of which he is the author. The well-known Councillor Schlosser has sent in an energetic protest against these repeated encroach ments upon ancient university liberties. M. Milner Melchior, the leading free-trade orator in the parliament of Hesse Darmstadt, has just been tried at ?doyen°e for one of his Zollverein speeches, delivered in the Second Chamber. The boo. deputy, as we pointed out in giving his speech at the time, dealt some very heavy blows at the cabinet, which was leaguing with Austria for the destruction of the Zollverein, the best institution with which Hew was then connected. The ministers have since been obliged to abandon their unpatriotic projects, bat M. Willer Melchior is not forgiven, and on the 4th inst. he was tried, with the printer of the newspaper io which his address appeared, for "an affront offered to the ministry." It seems that heating a government in debate is a crime in grand•ducal Hesse, for the printer of the speech is condemned to five months' imprisonment, while M. Melchior has only escaped by some technical informality. AUSTRIA. A correspondent writes; VIENNA, P. 3. Although the despatch of a corps d'obwroation to the frontier during the progress of the Montenegrin strite is a perfectly intelligible proceeding, the order given suddenly yesterday afternoon to mobilise the ninth army corps now in garrison here, and march it to the frontier, has produced some surprise. Mean while three brigades have already been started for Croatia. A division of pioneers marches today, to- morrow the infantry regiment, Prince Emile, will follow; on the sth the regiment Grand Duke Con stantine, the regiment of Lancers, that of the Arch duke Charles, as well as others, will be sent with the necessary batteries. Nothing positive has trans pired as the immediate grounds of this order. lam informed that the Austrian forces on the Turkish frontier will number 45,000 men. It will be divided into two corps, of which the first stationed in the Austrian-Bosnian frontier, will be commanded by Jellachieh, the notorious Ban, and the second sta tioned in Dalmatia, by General Count Leiningen. An arrsto just issued from the Ministry of the Interior informs Austrians disposed to emigete to the United States, that except under very special I circumstances, they will not be allowed to return, but will be considered to have lost irrecoverably their rights of domicile. All ministers are cautioned against facilitating the return of such emigrants by improper vises, and the frontier police are enjoined to keep a sharper look oat than ever. RUSSIA. The report of an advance of the Russian second army corps upon the Swedish frontier is confirmed. The Vienna Presse, which makes this statement, adds that the fifth army corps, under Gen. has already received marching orders, and the fourth army corps, in expectation of similar commando, has called in its reserves. MONTENEGRO. Below we give the latest reports of the Turkish operations in Montenegro. Notices of military movements in Prussia and Austria having relation to Montcnegtin affairs will also be found under those heads. Of the subjoined reports, which we give on the authority quoted, it will be noticed how different an aspect the same events present in the curt tele graphic despatch, and in the detailed leisurely narra tive. As the alleged voluntary evacuation of Zabljah by the Montenegrins, on Russian advice, became in a few days their violent expulsion by the Turks, so now the repulse of the Moslems on all points has dissolved into their conquest of the bet ter half of Montenegro. Another point which should be noticed is the alleged barbarity of Turkish warfare. But if we look at the past we do not find that Turk is more cruel than Montene grin, while the present campaign exhibits the Turks as having a clear monopoly of humanity. To speak ~~ ~~ Brat of the past. A contemporary the other day, re ferring to the-barbarous practice of cutting off the beads of prisoners, instanced a saying of the late Vladika of Monteoevo, who told Sir Gardner Wil kinson, " that he might be certain the true senti ments of the Turks of the present day are the same as they were in the time of Osman or of Bejazet, but that they contrive to deceive the diplomatists of Eu rope by professions of civilisation, just enough to induce as to overlook their monstrous inhu manities." The public should be told that this answer was the Vladika's excuse for declining an engagement to terminate the savage practice of de capitation. Then as to the present. Do we not con tinually bear of the number of Turk's heads brought into Cettinje after every engagement, heads which the Vladika pays for at two ducats each, as the village constable pays for sparrows? Contrast with this the Turkish practice of sending prisoners to Constantinople for trial ; contrast with it the latest news from Montenegro in the statement which we borrow from the latest arrival of the Trieste Gazette, anti-Turkish journal. "The prisoners taken at Grahovo caner a five days' siege) have been brought into the lurkish camp, and are treated kindly." The Ocat. Correspondenz has the following from the seat of war, dated Jan. 27. The Bosnian Turks advanced from Niksich, in the Herzegovine, to the fortified convent of Ostrog, one of the most elvated points of the Zeta Valley, in the Bislopavlivich Nahia (district), and after taking, los ing, and retaking it, they took up a strong position ou the river Zeta. At the same time Omer Pasha pushed forward his corps from the fortress of Spuss, and obtained possession of the valley of the Zeta, The consequence of this combined operation was that the Montenegrins were obliged to retreat to the heights on the right bank of the Zeta, where Prince Daniel with 1,500, and Pero Petro vich with the same number of Montenegrins, now are. The four Nahias, Bislopavlivich, Mo ratecha, Piperi, and Kutska, being time cut off from the four Nahias forming Montenegro Proper, have declared their adhesion to Omer Pasha, who has published a proclamation. After some feeble attempts to penetrate into the Cerninizza Nahia, the Bey of Antivari fell back on Mount Suttermann, where he is now opposed to a few hundred moun taineers. Dervisch Pasha, with 4,000 or 5,000 men, is posted on the table land of Grahovo, within sight of the frontiers of Montenegro. The Woiwode, a respected and gallant, but inexperienced man, shut himself up in his house with his men ; but the Turks having brought their artillery to bear on it, he and 40 others were obliged to surrender. 150 families have already sought shelter on the Austrian side of the frontier. AMERICA. We add the following to our summery of news re ceived by the Arabia, published yesterday : LIVERPOOL, SUNDAY. The British and North American Royal Mail steamship Arabia, Captain Judkins, arrived in the Mersey, from New York, with advice" from that port to the 27th ult., 66 passengers, and 150,000 dollars specie on freight. Her advertised hour of sailing I was 12 noon on the 26th, but, on proceeding to the bar, the pilot refused to take her across, from want of water, and she returned into the river, where she remained until the following morning. She has made a remarkably rapid trip for the season, being telegraphed off Holyhead at half-past 10 a.m. to-day. - - _ In the United States Senate, on the 24th ult., two messages were received from the President. One communicating the correspondence, by the Hon. Abbott Lawrence and others, with the government of Great Britain and the state department relative to the affairs of Central America. There are over one hundred despatches communicated, commencing in 1845, and continuing down to 1850. Ncroppor tanity was afforded of examining or copying any of the papers. The message and accompanying deco ments were referred, and ordered to be printed. The second message communicated the award of Louis Napoleon in the case of the claim by the United States against Portugal, concerning the brig General Arm strong. We make the following abstract of the do cuments: Mr. Rives, under date of December 13, 1852, states that, pursuant to invitation, he attended at the office of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of France, on December 11th, where he met the Portuguese minister, when they were each presented with a copy of the award, without any in timation of its nature, and with a declaration that the Prince President had been so much occupied recently with the changes in the government that he had had no oppor tunity of delivering the award in person, or at an earlier day. The award of the Prince President recites the con vention by Portugal and the United States, by which was referred to him the controversy relative to the American pd vateer General Armstrong, which was destroyed in the port of Fatal on the 27th day of September, 1814, and states that, having maturely considered and examined the evi dence &e. it is clear that the United States were at war with I ngl and at that time •, that Portugal was preserving her neutrality ; that the General Armstrong, com manded by Captain Reid, was legally provided with letters of marque, and armed for privateering pur poses ; that she cast anchor at Faye!, on the 26th September, 1814, in the dominions of the Queen of Portugal • on the same day, an English squadron entered the sante Port, and on the following night, without any re spect to the rights of sovereignty and of neutrality, a bloody encounter took place between the Americans and the English, and on the next day an English vessel same to range herself near the American privateer for the purpose of cannonading her; and that this determination being fol lowed by the act, Captain Reid and his crew were induced to abandon and destroy her. He does not consider it clear that if certain British longboats, on the night of the 26th, approached the General Armstrong, that these boats were manned by men provided with arms and ammunition ; but he consideis it clear that these longboats, having approached the brig, the crew of the latter, having hailed them and ordered them to be off, immediately fired upon them, killing ' some and wounding others mortally, without any attempt having been made by the longboats to repel force by force. The American captain did not apply to the Portuguese governor for protection until blood had been shed ; and when the firing had °eased, the brig came to anchor under the castle at the distance of a stone's throw. The Portu guese governor was then informed of what was passing, sad on several occasions he interposed with the British sommander to obtain • cessation of hoetilites, and com plained of the violation of • neutral territory, and effao , lively prevented some American sailors on land from I embarking for the purpose of prolonging the conflict, which was contrary to the laws of nations. The weakness of the garrison prevented any armed intervention. Consi dering, va this state of things, that Captain Reid, not having applied, from the beginning, for the intervention of the neutral sovereign, and having had recourse to arms, in order to repel an unjust aggression, of which he (Capt. Reid) thought he was the object, had thus failed to respect the neutrality of the territory of the foreign sovereign, and released that sovereign of the obligation in which he was in to afford him protection, by any other means than that of a pacific intervention, from which it follows that the government of her Most Faithful Majesty cannot be held responsible for the results of the collision which took plane, in contempt of her rights of sovereignty, in violation of the neutrality of her territory, and without the local officers or i lieutenants having been required, in proper time, and ena bled to grant aid and protection to those having a right to the same—therefore, "We have decided and we declare, that the claim presented by the government of the United States against her Most Faithful Majesty has no foundation, and that no indemnity is due by Portugal in consequence of the fall of the American brig General Armstrong, armed for privateering purpoees. Done and signed, itc., under the seal of State, at the Palace of the Tuileries, Nov. 30th, 1852."—(Signed) "L. NBroisolg." GIPAND BALL OP THE SOCIETE FRANCAISE DE Bianeateaxes.—The twelfth ball of this benevolent in stitution, which was founded to afford relief to distressed natives of France resident in London, took place yesterday evening, at the Hanoversquare Rooms, under the patronage of his Eli:enemy the French Ambusador, and was at- I tended by between three and four hundred persons. Dancing commenced at half-past 9, under the orchestral superintendence of 11. C. Home ; and the room was speedily thronged with • company in which the English element decidedly predominated. The circumstance that the me tropolitan season had not commenced did not prevent the attendance of some who, is consonance with the occasion, may be termed the rewargwsbles of the day ; and the object which had convened the assembly appeared, on the whole, to be well appreciated. In addition to the receipts from the ball, a lottery was drawn of objects which had been previously forwarded to the bureau of the society, and the proceeds of which were designed to augment the charitable fund. SUCCESSFUL AUSTRALIAN EMIGRANTL—The ion of a gardener at Cutlekelly, Roscommon, went to America, Rot worth a shilling, and indebted (or the amount of his passage. It appe..n that he now resides at Melbourne, from whence he has remitted, through Denis H. Kelly, Encl., some six months since, 60/., with a list of the parties to whom he owed money, and the amounts. Mr. Kelly acknowledged the receipt of the remittance, and in course of post received 1001. from the same person, to be d.strl buted amongst his parents and relatives. A woman who ' emigrated off the estate of Lord Clonbrock remitted through his lordship 7.:11. for her husband and relatives, and shortly afterwards forwarded 1001. to enable all her family to joiu her. In her letter to his lordship she states that she is worth 8,0001. voe court. WINDSOR, Fate 7. The Queen held a privy council nt three o'clock this afternoon. It was attended by Prince Albert ; Earl Granville, Lord Preeitlent ; the Duke of Ar.lll, L ird Privy Seal ; the Earl of Aberdeen, First Lm 1 of the 1 reasury ; Viscount Palmerton, Secretary of State for th e H ome De partment; Lord John Russell, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs; the Duke of Newcastle, Secrotery of state for the Colonies; the lligl't lion. Sidney Herbert, Secs. tary at War ; the Duke of Norfolk, Lord S:i ward ; Lard Ernest Bruce, Vice-Chamberlain, officiating for the Lord Chamberlain ' • and Lord Stanley of Alderney, P a ym aster - General of the Forces. At the council, her Majesty pricked the list of hi g h sheriff, for the English and Welsh counties for the presaut year. The Mat Noble Arthur Duke of Wellington (Easter of the Horse to the Queer), Lord Druudanrig (Comptroller of her Majesty's Household), and the Hun. Charles Pelham Villiers (Judge Advocate General), were, by command of the Queen, sworn of her Itlajeety's Most Honourable Privy Council, and took their places at the board. The Ilon. William Bathurst was Clerk of the Council in waiting. At the Queen's Court, General Mendiburn, Peruvian Minister, had an audience of the Queen, to which he was introduced by Lord John Rouen, her Majesty's principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. The Right Hon. Edward Strutt, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, bad an audience of the Queen. The Right Hon. Chart's Pelham Villiers had an audi ence of her Majesty and kissed hands, on being appointed Judge-Advocate. Her Majesty gave audiences to Lord John Russell, the Earl Granville, and the Earl of Aberdeen. _ _ The Queen Was attended by Earl Somers, Lord in Wait ing, Lord Druntlanrig, Comptroller of the Machold, and Captain the Hon. Mortimer S. West, Groom in Waiting. The Peruvian Minister, the Earl of Aberdeen, Lord John Russell, Viscount Palmerston, th , Duke of New castle, the Dukc of Argyll, the Duke of Wellington, Lord Ernest Brace, Lord Drumlanrig, the Right lion. E. Strutt, the Right Hon. Sidney Herbert, and Lord Stanley of Alder ley, travelled from London to attend the council by a special train on the Great Western Railway, 'writing at the Castle at half-put two o'clock. The members had luncheon precious to the council assembling. After the council the Duke of Norfolk left in a carriage and four for Arundel Castle. The Peruvian minisler and the noblemen and gentlemen who attended her Majesty's court (with the exception of the Duke of Wellington), took their departure for London by a special train on the Great Western It-iilway. The Archbishop of Canterbury and the Duchtis of Wel lington have been an.t are expected to-day, on • visit to the Queen. The Duke of Wellington also remains at the Castle. A deputation from the committee of the association for the reduction of the duties on wines had an iotcrview• with the Chancellor of the Exchequer yesterday, at his official residence, iu Downing-street. The deputation consisted of Mr. Chisholm Anstey, Mr. W. B. James, Mr. Lancaster, Mr. Laurie, und Mr. Shorter, and was accompanied by Mr. J. P. Murrough, M.P. for Bridport, Mr. W. E. Preke, Mr. George Frewer, and Mr. Cyrus Bedding. Major• General Sir Henry Pynn attended at the Foreign ' office yesterday, on behalf of the claims of British officers that served in the Portuguese army during the Peninsular war. Despatches were received yesterday at the Colonial office, from the Governor-General of Canada. INQUEST ON MR. DAURENT. OXFORD, MONDAY. This morning an inquest was held in the Summer Common Room of Magdalen College, by G. V. Cux, Esq., M A., her Majesty's coroner for the University of Oxford, I and a jury of matriculated persons, on the body of Mr. 0. J. Daubeny, aged 19, a commoner of that society. The ' room was nearly filled with andergraduates and renews of Magdalen. Amongst the latter were the Rev. Dr. Bloxam, Dr. Daubeny, Rev. Dr. Newman, Rev. Messrs. Bulley, Oarneey, Knight, &e. The Coroner, in addressing the jury, said he would not detain them from the necessary duty of viewing the body. He was sorry they had been °bilged so soon again to visit this college on such a melancholy occasion. It was true that amongst so large a body of young men accidents must at times occur. Indeed, there were reasons to be thankful that there were no more. It seemed that there was a pro vidence which took care of them in spite of themselves. There was reason to believe, however, if greater precautions were taken, they might be in a great measure prevented. Still it was possible that even if duuger posts were placed all down the river, such accidents would not be altogether prevented. It was a very sad consideration that such a calamity should have again befallen a member ef so good and excellent a family, and they could only trust that the deceased's distinguished relative, a member of this society, might long be spared to adorn the university. The following evidence was taken; Mr. Arthur Henry Nicholas kerning stated that he was net a member of the university, but was living as a pupil at the house of the Reverend G. 11rwliuson, in St. Ofles's ; that on the afternoon of Saturday be and demised hired a boat and went down the river. Oa their way down they asked the way to the weirs. I was directed by the university waterman, who is paid by the authori ties to assist and prevent accidents. They pasted under the arches of the Long Bridge, and when within about 10 yards of the lasher , they found the current so strong, that both stood up in the boat, and with the sculls tried all their might to keep the boat off the lasher. The boat, while they were doing this turned round, and went over the lasher stern-foremost. Witness saw deceased. He was out of the boat, but close to it. The witness swam to the boat, which was about five or six yards from the lasher and was partly filled with water. Deceased called out for me to come to the boat. Witness partly swain and was partly carried by the stream. He reached the boat and hung on to it. Deceased at this time struck out for the shore. He swam a little way and was then lost sight of. He was much the beet swimmer of the two. Wit ness called out to him " Save me !" The boat then took him right across the basin. He heard no cries of distress. When the boat was near the I shore he found it sinking from its weight. Ho then swam to the shore, which was only a few yards. Witness then looked round for his friend; he saw his hat luting. The body He immediately gave au alarm, and when the men came to render assistance, be stayed on the bank a quarter of an hour, and was then persuaded to go home, as he could do no good there. Witness (nor deceased it appeared after wards) had been on the river here before, and was not aware of there being a lasher until they were aura upon it. Mr. George Charles Hitching', surgeon, stated that about 3 o'clock, a messenger came to his house and informed him that a gentleman was in the water. He hired a boat at Hall's, and took the humane box with him, and arrived at the spot before the body was found. When discovered he found deceased's watch had 'topped at a quarter to three. The body had been in the water three-quarters of an hour. Witness bad not much hopes of restoring animation, but be thought it best to try. He suggested that it would be most desirable, where the Royal Humane Society's apparatus was kept, that at each place • bath should be provided sufficiently large to admit the body of an adult. He stated several instances of the benefits derived from placing the body in a warm bath, and more particularly alluded to the case of two children that he had restored from drowning by using a bath. The Coroner stated that be had no doubt of Mr. Hitch ings's valuable suggestion being put in practice ; he would certainly mention it to the proper authorities, and that without delay. Thomas Hands, boatman, son of the university water man, stated that on Saturday afternoon be was acting as deputy for his father from one o'clock until five. De ceased and the first witness passed him in a two cored boat, and asked him to show them the way to the weirs; be replied through the Long Bridges. In answer to the Coroner he said he did not caution them of the lasher; he said that they handled their oars and managed their boat well, and he thought it unnecessary to do so, although as witness admitted, the lasher was just now, as the water was subsiding, more dangerous than when the floods were very much out. He afterwards went to the spot, and then de scribed how with the assistance of three other persons the body was found. Other evidence could have been provided, but the jury coinciding with the coroner, expressed themselves sati-tied with the evidence, and without clearing the room returned a verdict of " Accidental death by drowning from the upset ting of a boat at the Weill Lasher Pool." COMMISSION OF LUNACY ON A LADY OP FORTUNE. —A writ de lunatic° inquirendo was executed before Mr. Commissioner Winslow and 16 special jurors, at the Abbey Arms Inn, Plaistow, Essex, relative to the mental condi tion of Susannah Grundy, aged 68, of Cobley-hall, Plais tow, widow of James Grundy, Esq., late of Waltham Abbey, who when living wax, together with his wife and her sisters, the wealthy proprietor of extensive house aid freehold landed property. The commission had issued on the petition of Mrs. Du ff, of Manor-house, Poplar, • sister of the alleged lunatic, and was supported by Mr. Giraud, of Furniyars-inn. The jury proceeded to Cobley-hall, and examined Mrs. Grundy. They found her in bed, though at twelve o'clock in the day. Her replies fully confirmed the evidence, and they returned a verdict, dating the unsound ness of mind from Ist of April, 1848. CHEAP POTATOES.--A vessel belonging to South ampton, riding off oar coast duving the late hurricane, was driven down to the Orkneys. On being blown so far out of course, like • provident man, the captain determined to make the best of a bad job, and, accordingly, he endea voured to obtain a freight at several of the northern ports. At length, arriving at Dumbarton, nothing offered except potatoes, so he resolved to purchase a cargo, and last week he arrived at Shields, but, unable to dispose of his cargo, he took his ship rotted to Sunderland, and commenced to retail them over the side of the vessel at 7ld. per stone. The po tatoes were both white and red, and of excellent quality, and when the news began to spread, people went in crowds with swills, baskets, hampers, &c., and the whole cargo was taken away as last as it could be weighed. The wholesale potatoe merchants were taken aback, as the previous price ut t , underiand had been le. per stone, and when about halt of the cargo was disposed of, a large dealer offered to pur chase the remainder, but the captain declined, determined that the poor people should have the benefit of the whole.— ..Omelet . ..and Herald.