The Express. — London, England, 1856-11-12 00:00:00

MI THE DAILY NEWS : LONTON MOMPTO PAPER. pries asiempad Mempaa M. The Lawny Lelvral savomail et true eseasieres sad at all eased reform, In the caterer and valve c 4 lb ~al amab-ls the af Ys report', en.l la the eulsd sammes asd coats n.d the city, mal mambo aelbisa-116 per Is I nTrIrOItRION ELISE IS limns IMPARTIAL. As excdaelvely cony repon of elipa=lhe Win Sam la seastbal to It ty every Oserl"nd SOL mad I" dst THE ONLY DAILY MINING REPORT. grim. IT lIICLV DIM ALL It .• . I McD7 tathewal.ok end, though Maim by more Has lily Elan Iran say of Its ennternrararles. ads by corietenew sad early adornatlok, saduval for Resit • Iteh am Malabo NE later..." to Sal. To he owlere.l of any Annitnelke Of 0111111101111 is OW RINE= or Is the :See. 10. Houvere Ansi, Ylestwtreet, Larks. N.H. If digle.l4 tto experienced la obtaining the rapt OP mo l ar Yet at • reduced mice, lie publleber will, on aypilmlNs , tavola the maws of newsagent. wady to wanly MM . pas. 7 E 4 In mamma br Part. Mare order. DAILY NEWS FORWARDED to the COUR- T% le evict INO POST. at Ms id. per m., payment In pl. s enra ba ZdOlNl MMIPDOX. 10, Up Attearalresk )I.rs yet. THE PUBLIC and th e TRADE are reminded lot Um ar bo SUP" 1.1111) the IVRY ISO st laltioot 4,0 t J. 011EGOttill Itootoollme tad Pb- WI D 81RE*41.14 Ptoodolloot. IroOdlosion. PALT NEWB LINT TO RIAD. has 8 A shai..as sum la pre we*: 111 74%.7,. A r .LT4 THE EXPILBBB.-11te PUBLIC sad TRADE v i L P" . ast i) !("e7l . r ivws tsev,..l, " Cittell' a ti4. %Immix SUPPLIED W LSS-r TO sass by Cs Ur mermllD cur exl,reoii• Avirtlmerenato Wendt I for ••The Cams." beam leeinc psper, neat be at tllll , tlYo`, tO. Dociertertrect. by Two °Meek ce tee dm at pableglce. TKMT. TEM EV1,11,10, SCH UA OIt. A FOR SCANDAL. Mars Chip. Etilßochum.. Howe. Comptoo. sod Murdoch; Mr TWO.* il k sysolds —THU STAR OF ANDALUSIA. ORIMMIAW ; imaszuw, R BRADDIAW.—Aud TOR ROSS OF TEIS TILLAOR. PRINCES'S. Tams Emmen. A MIOSUMMER. NIGHTS DAUM ANS PnAIIRO. Mr. ud Mrs. C. K.... MU Ti gnaws. TIM CAVALIER. Kr. sad Mrs. C. DMlese—THß WO'S MUSERTEEEA. Kr. C. Milos sad lehe woe ~—hod■ BALLET tram the burlesque of "TV WlAter's Tale." M. Ts" I Shore , DRIP. Mo SI ms MST . Crendeir, Sbigaisrd, Wleliliewb. Timid, Fowl., mod TAppthg; Yfu :Moos, YIN TAelia.—Asa WM OUTCAST BROTIIta Mims. allhert, Widd 3.11 Potter, Tarn° d. sad Velars; MI. helms, KM M 10& STANDARD. Tiro EITIMII, DRED. Mr.. I. Hamer.—TM Mott .- 2E2 BEAUTY AND THE BEAST. Yr. St ARIA; Ms IL HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. ran Day—Mc:gala& Hu Ift.........Aitersoce, lb. 420. Taroluow—Morning, MI. 50.........A1tareace. Va. 37w. LONDON, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER It IT may fairly be assumed that the Prime Minister of this country, in addressing the second mercantile city of the empire on a point of vital importance to maritime commerce, would not speak hastily or unadvisedly. If we are to give Lord Pat txuarox the benefit of this very reasonable presumption, it is impossible not to be struck with the important* of certain expressions reported to have fallen from him In the course of his address to the merchants of Liverpool. Most people will probably be found to agree that one of the most valuable fruits of the Treaty of Park was that declaration of maritime law by which the powers represented at the Congress agreed to fix on a mew Louis the rules of future war fare by sea. The final abolition of the barbarism practice of privateeriog, and the authoritative pet mitigation by England, as well as by the Continental Powers, of the role that " free ships make free goods," was deservedly hailed as a decisive step in advance—as a material approximation towed' the full recognition and ultimate establishment of the principle that the laws of war on the high ems shall be identical with the laws of war on land. Lord Rusin/nor, if we rightly apprehend the Pope of hie obstrations it Liverpool, is quite prepared to go a step further in the emu dietetics. The role that " free ships make free goods"—in other words, that all property, ex cept contraband of war, whether belonging to the enemy or not, is safe, in times of war, under the protection of the neutral flag—is a vut concession to the interests of neutral commerce. The abolition of privateericg is an equally great concession to the interests of belligerent commerce. But another and a most important step remains to be taken, before the laws of war by sea are placed on tissue foods, as the laws of war by land. That step is the bold and unequivocal assertion of the principle that the private property of the enemy, sasseerriedeas beret hie owe leading sA4as, shall be safe's ban melselellies hp As armed cruisers of the adverse belligerent as the Treaty of Paris has declared that it hener forth shall be from the attacks of privation. War by laud, as curled on in civilised times, is generally marked by an entire abstinence from the plunder or destruction, for mere gain, of any private property of the seamy. In eases of necessity the rule of course is different; any property interfering with the due execution of military operations would, of curet, be iorantly and justifiably demolished; say property the forcible acquisition of whisk mu rendered necessary by the imperious nigger, of an empty military chest, and a deficieat cosiekearlat, would of course be token without scruple. But all wanton and unnecessary destruction, all plunder for the sake of mere gain and booty, is now sternly repudiated by the established rules of land warfare, except in the solitary instance of a fortified place takes by assault, after a refusal to capitulate. In maritime warfare, on the putrefy, all the poverty of the enemy that floats on the high sees has hitherto been regarded as fair spoil. On the trackless desert the ocean the warfare of the politest salmi on the earth has been carried on in the spirit of Beduins. Indiscriminate plunder and unrestraised spoil have been its avowed &jute, and the chivalrous and Christian warriors of modern times have, under the name of prize -money, shared amongst themselves the pillage of the trader with the same atter unecoscious sees of wrong se the Viking, of old, the Castellon" of the middle ages, or the Arabs of to-day. It is high time that a practice so indefensible should, by the general concurrence of civilised patios., be abandoned. It is quite clear that this is the opinion of the present Prime Minims of England. After referring with laudable satisfaction to those relexa dons in the laws of maritime war which were intro dined at the commenetenaut of the late ossfliet, Lord PALMIWITON is represented to have employed the following remarkable expressions: —"I cannot help hoping that these relazatices it ANEW 410114fialle may still further be carried oat, se that In mores of time those principles which regulate war on laud may he extended to wars on the seas, and private propetty may not s►tfer on either side." In the expression of this hope we cordially sourer. Nothing can be more mistaken than to suppose that the interests of England in this matter are opposed to the clear precepts of civilisation and humanity. History ran. sot tarnish m with the hetes* easy State that has owed from war a seek raw than it otbershir would have done in coneequasos of the private lONS =stales' by i , e cities' from maritime capture. "V we look at the example of framer periods," ea Led PALKEISTON tells the men of Liverpool, "we i l ia sot And that countries were vangaiebed by lams I ir , THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 12. 1856. Net (MUM WINDSOR, Nov. 11. The Queen with the Princesses Helena sad Louise and Prime Arthur walked in the Culla gardens this esenting. The DMINSI of Keel visited her Majesty. Princess Mire took a carriage drive. A Cabinet Council was held yesterday afternoon at the official residence of the First Lord of the Trea miry in Downing.etrost. The ministers present were Viscount Palmerton, the Lord Chancellor, the Earl Granville, the Marquis of Lansdowne, Earl of Ear romby, Sir George Grey, Earl of Clarendon, Mr. Secretary Labonchere, Lord Namur', the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Sir Charles Wood, the Right Hon. R. Vernon Smith, Lord Stanley of Aiderley, the Right Rom M. T. Baines, and the Duke of Argyll. A deputation ansistiag of Mr. Masten Smith, M.P., Mr. Hosibtaa, Chainsaa of Conekahners of Improvement, Gravesend, Mown. Dltobbaris and Dobson, Mr. &statists, rink to the Commissioners, the Mayor of Gravesend, Mr. Alden's* Hid, Mr. Councillor Gould, and Mr. Shetland, Town Clerk, had en istornew w►tb the Right Hon. Sir B. Hall yesterday at the office of Pablio Walks, Whitehall• plain. _ Despetehes for the Governors of the Australian colonies wen seat last evening from the Coloatal•ema. sustained by individuals—it is the conflicts of armies by land, and of fleets by see, that deckle the gnat con tents of nations." Noe is the piarnieney which all. to the lot of the navy any kind of eceepseatlon for the peat injury inflicted upon the merebents and the son mu mere sun of the more powerful of the twoballigarent States. Compare the sum total of all the pristmosey won by English captors in the warn of the great Napoleonic ware with the aggregats Joann of price which Eogliah consumers had to pay on the items (to go no farther) of colonial and Baltic produce; throw in as much glory as you plane to the credit of the ass plunderers; and then ask yourself the worth of that barbarous system of sea warfare which, while it inflicted so much gratuitous suffering on cur enemies, occasioned to ourselves such a maximum of discomfort and annoyancte, for such a maiminn of rolil profit or real re nown. For be it always remembered, there is none of the heroism of war in this legalised plunder of the defenceless by the strong. A British man•of war coming into port with a whole convoy of prise sloops and sohconers ender her guns may, for aught we know, be an august manifestation of " the might of England ;" but as an illustration of naval daring we should rather turn to the exploits of some atro cious scoundrel of a Riff pirate, who, spinet long odds and with amps round his neck, has fought and taken some trader of twice his size. We know that the existing laws of war make one act the act of a pirate and the other of an officer and a gentleman; but then laws are so barbarous and unjust, that it is high time they should no longer be permitted to deface our advancing civilisation. They inflict severe ant (cringe on individuals—they do not in any degree tend to shorten war—they degrade an honourable profession by the practice of legalised piracy. Let us hope that Lord PALMUSTON will employ his beat energise to accelerate, as a statesman, the abolition of an evil which be has so eloquently denounced as a speaker. How did the Meiling world ever get on without advertisements P What did the Greeks, for matinee, do in the way of puffery ? Had they their party coloured chariots, like our advertising vans, notifying in monstrous letters that the Athenian youth might find a superfine chimer of the true saffron dye, or a peplum of first rats stuff and pattern, at the stall of such and each a classic Moen in the Agora is Did a 13003i1111 MAZY WEDLAYZ ask them In her native Doric if they bruised their oats yet? or did a young practitioner of Cos, fresh from the hands:of the Meek piadie and the Egyptian schools, engage to cure all known dimness by means of his Monnore's pill or HOLLOWAY'S ointment P Did the Roman ladies rub to "mina's sacrifice." paraded in tall black letters, and buy there for a coa vsetir—the renowned transparent silk robe from Coe--some make up article woven close to the Magdalen-gate? How did they know which Latin Tavinrr to choose for the building up of their wonderful pyramids of fended hair ? And when their croons oil unguentam was out, had they a Roman ROWLAND and Box, with laos-work label and pretorian stamp, telling them in Cieeronian periods that his ungnentnm was She unguentam, and that every Raman lady who and the same was sure of " myrrh-coloured " hair in Jeannie abundance to the end of the Greek Lalonde? How did the Venetian merchant prison make known the arrival of their Eastern cargoes P Did they man eceentricolookbig gondolas, plastered over with hieroglyphics, meant to proclaim that on such a day thin week Damascus steel and Byzantium silks were to be had fora due proportion of sequins under the pillars of their grand "Royal Exchange" in the Pima Sari Marco P Did they send out varlets quaintly dressed, to tell in soft Venetian of wonderful chiropodists, and miracl►work ing doctors, as you meet with now in the streets and places of Paris P--for of all the realms of puffery Paris is the Empyrean. And the Goths, and the Hens, and the Danes, and the Plots, how did they mansge P And ourselves, in Queen Eusanirrifs time P How did we know where to go for our man chets, when not made at home—for our mul berry-coloured nit% oar peaked shoes, our starehed raffe, and oar meek and malmsey? It must have been very strange, this living in a non-advertising age. Ose wonders how consumers and producers owns together at all, unless it were by a kind of commercial Mesmerism, or by that instinct which leads most animals to their proper pasture ground. But if we lived ones without advertising, we are , making up for last time now, in a way that of itself would show we wrote letters by electrio telegraph, and walked from place to place by steam. Then is something almost heroic in the extent and manner of our advertisements ; certainly there is something scientific. It is an art, a science, a mystery of itself: ' it has its hieropkants and its professors, its neophytes and its aspirants, like any other great mystery of knowledge; and we of the outside world can but marvel and believe—and believing, Buy, in all the reverent faith of the uninitiated and the unenlightened. INCOME TAX. TO Tllll IDITOI OP T/11 lIPRISS. doom it s duty I *Mb 74, taatitnOWLato the Madame displayed by the pablioMism of my ease ht re. lames to the above otmetless tee, awl be wide! I shall ever feel grateful. I bop to add my earn and my wife and family's heartfelt gratitude to Mr. Hayman, the seerstary of the ibekty for Promoting the Interims of the Trager; Cemamatty, for the mobile part be aped ia gamin my liberation hest that wretched phew of musty sad wee thereby wateriag me to that bane I was is unjustly Sakai fr.m. I therehme bsg to oiler kim ear united tbankfelease far the above, se ales tithe asseeist 4 es of whisk be is so +Seery a member; sad I weald add that the ttlitellellol be made is your previews pablisaties of the fhb last were true to the very letter, bet sot a tenth of what I maid bats told kW, sad Teethed fey the truth s sepselelly is one item alert, via., madisise, of witieb I bare usfortsaately tee many proofs, whisk I bad with me when I went to tube my speed to the lewd remenhefoners, bat I was net allowed to modem them, beteg unwired, la a peremptory Mee, " Yea bate seised the mom that you me charged for, and yen mum pry it ;" tberefont, an appeal to that quarter is gaits Wathor I also wish to impress my gratitede to a lady (Whate name I lea net at liberty to meadow, hrt motto hag to " do good by stealth sad blush to lad ft fame") err her very kiwi weer to Meese me Mikis eme Mar of my beeromatieu—my reseal to comply with her require being booed ea my detemetuatice set to pay awe tingle ferthisg. Had I accepted her Wad offer I should bate considered myself fa duty lewd to bar* repaid it In coac'seion, I thank them of my &opine.* tube kindly offered to pay half, whisk I aloe respostfully de ch ea the mate meads; and to these mad *these is the meaatimeey I would say this meek—that, as there has bees some mierepremataties salonleted te Ware mein their esti- maths, of wade supplied te have bee; uttered by a% the pitmen of wbieb I Moe se oeseelea le refer $ hem mike It to evy, that wltteh Is feepeted to se I saver stewed i eel I ebelleage lay eat If Ora to prove the eselleety. Roping yes tat *seen t►e kerb I ►ave seat We te setter, sad agate thsa►leg yes few pea favetre.l as, Ea. ROBERT JAMES WINTER, Nev. 11. 9, Heetteleymnes, Lambeth. °spout, Inman" AID WoLvntrawrrat Itan.was.—Tv shoolple if IYr e. Wadies the Ittostbrilis asteasint Omsk Or Ibe ending On 24, have boa LINK_ irk gbh ta. dune. OW et the Orthelifte Stothefee 1 %mat.41.11111.17‘. bele. Ws et 'left per met, wtth lie mow elm* assetahmoi OIL Ms tasell4 Ms Jij 1 • OA. 111•114,AIL M. N., mad s seta egres&lsee et 141.1221. Sr. vst the Me of 16.19 por eta& PRINCE ALFRED A? COBLBNTZ. His Royal Highness, attended by Lieut. General Sir Frederick Scoria, arrived at Cobkat, ito Bawds, sue. lag, at sia o'clock. _ _ The Priam' dined at the Meat Hotel, and afterward' pro seeded to the palate to to., when the Prince and Priapus of Prussia had arrived se receive bias. " • Oa Sunday morales hie Royal Highness accompanied the Priceen of Preside to the English Church service, which in held is the elegant little chapel which has been fitted up in the Nimes by her Royal Highness, for the saelseive use of the Begbels resident,. The Rev. 8. Tacker, the reeestly-sppointed eliaplain, officiated. The royal party afterwards drove out to Stolasafele. We learn, nyc the Zeit of Berlin, that Prince Fre derick William of Prussia will maks a short stay la Paris on his mars from Eogisad. --- Mr. Bright, M.P., has left home for the Continent. It is probable that ha will be absent for several swaths, and that, after paying a short visit to Algeria, he will speed the winter ia Itely.—Mannater Itorsswier. The Grand Maui Helen of Rusin arrived on the 6th at Augsburg, la Baru* where her haperiel high was received by the insister of Kau* M. de Severn. and her eleter.la-law, the Prisons Frederick , of Wittenberg. The two prism:es were to maths light is the town. A letter from Berlin of the 7th says :—" The royal 'bootleg parties at latelingen an over, and the esart has this day nteraed to Seas Sosel. The sport hai been very brilliant. On the first day 3 nap, 212 deer, sad 44 wild bean were killed. In addition to the princes of the royal fanny, the Duke of Mecklenburg Samna, the Duke of Brunswick. Prins Atlantis of Wu:timbers, Priam WU- Ilan of Hesse, the PAM@ lindsiwill, sad fiber dada. gained perseasges wen present. During the King'. ab sence, the Queen Ina goes to Dreads, to oosgratidate per sonally the Arebduke aid Archdukes' Charles Look on than amigo." .II ESCAPE OP FRENCH POLI TICAL PRISONERS. L a rant •etlOL on thopnal colony of Guyana, the Alestifeer stated that several political prisoners had fond means to soup*, but it pas ao details. A print. letter brings some particulars es the nthjest of cossiderabk I interest. At tits begian+si et this year several political Use/pais, onion In the Devil's Weed, tonesived the ides of escaping. They est down some trees and built • sekoner, bet, owing to an scoldeot In launching, the sakoner struck sad went to pines. Nothing daunted, they set to work again, sad, with nth pinks of the 'noun so they were able to pick out of the water, and the stump of • lure• tree which ae•W dews Um duster river, they instructed a raft, es which, on the 7th of A•gat last, uses men embarked in search of liberty. For four whole days they tooted nearly at random on the see, and at the on of that time, when their blander stock of pro vision wan setkely 'shouted, their raft went ashore on a mad bask. Two of the party—on an Italian sassed Pignut sad another a Polo mud Begoaski—left the boat,ead waded along in the mad hoping to Sad • b•bitathos. They were co wesk that they son found t►emselves enable to draw their legs sot of the bony sell, and their oonspasisas lear■ed some days later, that their don Wiles, hall de voured by seen, bad been sun by • satin. The Ave who had rierna'ned on the raft, finding that their comrades did not ratan, sad being masthead of the hopelessness at hooking for them, resolved to pat to sea spite. But to do this it was tonsmary to essetrast another raft, It being tan possible to get the old on off the mad. Fo► an entire week they looted up and down along the 'past split such pinto of wood as they had nea able to detach from the raft, end dugs( all this time they had nothing to eat but raw crabs, sad nothing to drink bat salt water. At kagtb they were fortunate enough to and • hone, when they ranked men,. The somas of then five nom were Gunn, Bonthel, Carposel, Clunks, and Bahia de Cann (of the department of t►e lodes and Loire). A fortnight after their departure from the Devil's Woad. the other nineties there leaned the Issue of an en terprise whin It might have boss thought utter madam to undertake. A boning desire to risk their lives in like manner for their liberty ran thraegh the colony. With the help of government timber colleeted for building pur poses, they fond means to construct two rafts, nab capable of holdisg twisty saes. Saturday, the 13th of September, wee chows for the departure of the espeditios, Saturday being the day on which &week's provision were served out to the prisooms. Thirty-four man than got away on hoard the rain Oa the first raft were KM. Bonne, de Tours. Bij mu, Chauvin, Attabut, Gum, Coined, Divan, Salsa, Carriers, Dime, Bo•ks, Jenks* Pas Honey, Non faiths, Setonde, Paul, Bison, Meaner, and Decant. Oo the other were JIM. Frain, Onegnstd, Tonneau, Deo bole, Trine, Aimee, feu, Boseslle, Danes, Vivant, B.•amkus, Bardiget, Against', end Maavian. The wet►e r was stormy ler two days ; on the 16th it became Ise, bat the eight following was frightful. In the stoning of the 17th, however, the twisty men ma the fleet raft landed is a Dotal possession, inhabited by amine, who gave them se bed a reseption that they reached at oats to start into the Wain of the "Gunny se foot. After a painful march o several hours, they slept is • wood, whore they suffered greatly from insets, end the seat day, Indies so place of rest, they could think of nothing better than making their way beck to their raft, but they fend that the ask'ss had taken away the sail, mod being, therefore, usable to pat to sea, they were too glad to pose the sight In as empty hat. Oa the 18th the natives took them to the commandant of the Donk Tikes Gainey, who received them very kindly, and gave them • boat, with a letter to some anion, ordeals, them to confect the party to Paramaribo. They loft eta the 20th, and on the 27th loaded safely at Paramaribo, the snail of the Data Guyana, a tows of 20,000 iababiteate, sinned about MO kilometres oath-west of Cayenne, and one kilometres from the no' There they were kindly frosted by the astbseitiss, cad were as nrprieed as delighted to lad their eve Moods who were the first to escape from the Devil's Iskad. The other fourteen men is the neon raft also arrived at Paramaribo ' ou the 28th. The Dun authorities, not lumina( whether they were eediaary convicts co political ionises, thoeght ' right to keep them is prises, when they were up to Sept. ' 10, bet they were to h• released two days later. Tan BULB TOdaa.—Thsos steeled undertaking, (whisk kayo beta la operation ire the last twelve soothe) bays bees brought to a eseelesis• foe the presses year. The last spilt reeled wee eves at lirtilft• ea Saturday, ahem the Made of Arnim sad porticos et the Treaders, dere perforisol. Thies opera reseals belay a sew szpsdaseat la staskal ntertslaseata, It may be taw reads' to mooed thek oseapiste mass., a rash set to he weadervi et whoa it is oraddered that the sew sesisest daises of the day bays hada put la thew. Awaits the artistes who have bad seder sagaismest to Mesas. Mamas sad Dads fee the wad twelve maths are Orld. Alba* chashar, Awed% Ned% Its.. Bares, Ponds, Gerskr, TaselsseUls, dos., besides Jolliet sod his amorous bead. edit a essislasttea et stewasdess has aeon beta blamed belay the psblis by soy °thaw aptab:bireat mdse dslits eballailimiss. LATEST INTELLIGENCE. BELGIUM. OPENING OF THE LEGISLATIVE SESSION. Yesterday the legislative session of the Belgian Chambers was opened by the Bing in person. The following are passages from the royal address: Meesieure,—l have longed to lad myself in the midst of Yost that I, night 'zones to the aavoa the happiness I uperienoed at witnessing the Milting tectisacalm of affm tioa cad devotion on the musics of the 25th anniversary of the inauguration of my reign. Th•ss manifestations doe to the patriotic initiative of the Chambers, have not been with out advantage to the couotry. They have raked its self respect, and made It honoured abroad ; oar intonational relations have felt the influence ; have they been of a kindlier character. The triennial report, which have been distributed prove the solicitude of my government for primary and se condary instruction. Not lees interest attaches, in its ntima don, to superior instruction. The openieg date academical year has recently afforded an opportunity of recalling to mind the principles, the firm and sincere application of which must inure the prosperity of the state universities. The commercial condition of the country is altogether satisfactory. A law voted in your last *onion has hid down the huh of our commercial code. I anticipate, from the wisdom of the Chambers, that the revision of the Customs Tariff will be continued in that spirit of prudence and mo dentioa required by measures is which the most important Interests ere concerned. I emosnae with Slitithetioll en Increase is Fivers! breaehes of the se. THE EAST. Accounts received at Marseilles from Constanti nople, state that Lord Stratford had installed the Sultan a Knight of the Garter, and made a speech. The ceremony took place with ire much magnificence as that observed in England at the installation of the Emperor Napoleon. The Sultan had given a sabre, ornamented with diamonds, to Lord Lyons as a testimony of his lade faction. There is news from Ciroaseia to the 23rd of Go. tober. Sefer Pasha wee encamped at Basdjok with 23,000 men. The forts and fortalioes were still in the hands of the mountaineers. PRUSSIA AND NEUFCHATEL The resolutions adopted by the Germanic Diet in reference to the Neufchatel affair were couched in the following terms : "1. To adhere to the principles expressed in the Protocol of London of the 24th May, 1852, regu lating the position of the Principality of Neuf chatel. "2. To request the German Governments hav ing diplomatic agents acredited to the Helvetia Confederation, to support, in the name of the entire Germanic Confederation, the setting at liberty, as demanded by the Premien Government, of the Neutehateless arrested in September, and urging the considerations enounoed in the report of the Commit tee; and upholding to the Swiss Government, with all possible emphasis, the steps that may be taken for that purpose by the government of Prussia." These resolutions are to be immediately comma mated officially to the Swiss Federal Government by the German representatives accredited to Berne. THE AUSTRIANS IN THE PRINCIPALITIES. The Montour 4 (Arm& has the following :—" A letter from Bucharest of the 25th states that the Austrian government has just confirmed Lieutenant- General de 'Hereon in the command of the Imperial troops for the time they may have to remain in the Principalities. He will have, as before, under his orders General de Gablents, who has his head quarters at Jassy. The points when the Austrian have garrisons are—in Wallachia: Bucharest, Ter govist, Ibrail, Gingen. Brains, and Belafat—and in Moldavia : Jassy, Hun, Oalatx, and Doroghoia. In the early part of October; detachments were sent from other points to Ismail, Rini, and Bilks. Since the departure of General Coronini in July last, the effective strength of the corps of occupation has not been increased, but frequent movements of trcops have taken place in consequence of its being neces sary to lighten the burden on the people, whose resources are very restricted. It was these move ments which gave rise to reports of the army having been reinforced by fresh arrivals of troops." THE OVERLAND MAIL. -0-- (MOM OUR owit cazamoigniare.) TRIESTE, TVISDAT, NOT. IL The steamer Calcutta arrived here early this mornieg from Alexandria, having left that port on the 6th inst. The India mail was to leave Alexandria on the 6th, with advices of the following dates, ♦iz.: Calcutta, Oct. 9; Bombay, Oct. 17; Madras, 00.16; Ceylon, Oat. 16. The preparations for the expedition to the Persian Gulf were continued on a large scale. A detachment from the army before Herat had seized the Afghan city of Furrath, and sent the governor a prisoner to Teheran. Advice. hid been received from Cabal to the let of October. They represent Herat as still holding out. . . The Directors of the Great Indian Peninsular Railway have issued an advertisement for tenders for a line from Warsma to Nagpore, a distance of 487 mils& Tile native troops at Peshawar were suffering much from fever. Exchange at Bombay, 2s. Id.ll-16th,, with an easy money market. The new government loan was making very little progress. Prices in the import market were steady. The Calcutta market has been subject to very little change. Exchange, Is. 111 d. to 2s. old. The statements of Indian novelises and charges, with the cash balances in the Treasuries, will hence forth be published quarterly and annually. LOMBARDY AND VENICE. The Cerra/sot:demos Bkfani publishes the following latter : " MILAN, Nov. 4. " In the night between the let and 2nd of this month the police of Brescia effected the arrest of e number of iodividuals who were engaged in printing placards, is which the character of the Austrian government was amigsed, while sympathy was ex preened for the Piedmonteee government. The police allege that the officers seized their prisoners in the very act. Then were seven persons arrested. "Austrian agents and Viennese commisoiosers have visited Lodi and other towns expressly to smog. for the reception of the Emperor and Empress of Austria. One of the richest landowners of Lodi, who is well known for his devoted submission to the Jesuits, hss offered his palace as as imperial residence on this occasion. This example of altachniest to the bones of Austria Is unique es yet in Lombardy, and it is furnished by a member of that party which, secs the eneelagos of Ilse coneardat. regards Austria as the sword sad beside' of the Roman church. "A Sew copies of Oloberti's book on catholic rearm have 'wept la ken. Many clergymen have read this work, sad I am assured that our Inferior ceder of priests have been deeply moved by the thoughts on esligisus :liana contained is this book." EXPRESS FROM PARIS. (nom ooz ows PARIS, TOZBDia EVIIICINCI. I I can state with certainty that the court will go to Fontainebleau this month, although many of the Emperor's advisers have very strongly urged upon him that, under present circumstances, it would be desirable at once to take up his residence at Paris for the winter. The Bonne bee nmewhat recovered today in con sequence of a report that M. Pereigny bad settled the differences between France and England. The Rents rose 600. for outs and 30c. for acconnt—oloeing at 66fr. 500. and 66fr. 60e. Mobilier only recovered to the extent of 17fr. 500. from yesterday's heavy fall. The railways improved considerably. Lyons rose 45(r.; Northern, 21fr. ; Eastern, 20fr.; and Me diterranean, 25fr. If I remembor rightly, there was a hot dispute in the English perlisment two or three years ago about the meaning of the French word solidairement; and it was thought very astonishing that statesmen who had passed their lives in diplomacy should be capable of mistaking the import of an expression so com monly used. The same word seems likely again to be a stumbling block, if it be true, as the Aasemblea asserts against the Singe, that that word is used in the treaty of April 15, and not the words "eorjaintement and aeparentent" in reference to the guarantee of the three powers, Austria, France, and England, to secure the independence of Turkey. The Davits thinks that the Assembles is right as to the text of the tresty,but then it says that there is on this point nothing bat a misunderstanding easy to explain. "The misunderstanding arises from this—that there is no word in the English language equivalent to sondeirement, and therefore in the English version of the treaty of April 15 the word was replaced by the two words col/ointment and separement, which in the French language are understood in quite another sense." Now I take leave to doubt that the English language is so poor as to be unable to supply terms to express the meaning of the word solidairement, and it is a pity that the Debate did not explain what is the "totally different sense" in which the words conjointement and separtneent are understood in French. 1 have asked several Frenchmen to-day, and have not met with one who is able to tell me. On looking at the dictionary of the French Academy, I find the word solidairemeng thus rendered—"Ce qui rend plusienra co-obliges solidaires lee uns pour lea entree." (That which renders several co.obligors liable the one for the other.) It would be difficult to express in plainer language the precise thing meant by the English legal phrase "jointly and severally." Applying this construction to the case in question, it follows that Austria, England, and France, are all and each bound to protect the indef . Indent!) of Turkey ; and that it either or any of those powers decline or neglect to act, either or any of the others may act separately and this is the whole argument of the Sleds. I will not undertake to affirm that there may not be in French legal phraseology some shade of difference between solitlairentest and eon/ointment and aepare ment, but with due deference to the Debate, I will maintain (assuming the word solidairement to be in the treaty) that it was properly translated by the English words " jointly and severally," and that these words were not used by way of a desperate attempt to accomplish the impossible task of render ing solidairement into English. Snow fell in Paris for the first time this 411f3012 at six o'clock this morning. It however melted rapidly, and after two or three hours of warm sunshine, with a westerly breeze, the weather turned to rain, which continued steadily all day. The Daily News was seized to-day. According to the last accounts from Cairo the pre. parations for the expedition to the sources of the Nile were nearly completed. Count d'Escayrac de Lauture, the leader of the expedition, had completely organised it, having received most active assistance from the Egyptian authorities. Os the 16th alt. the Count sent forward two small steamers and four boats, which were to ascend to the first cataract. This flotilla was placed under the command of an English naval omoer attached to the expedition. The Nile had commenced falling, and the passage of the flotilla would encounter, it was expected, but few dificultiea. The Emperor and Empress honoured the French Opera last night with their presence, to witness the new opera, the "Has de Florence;" the libretto is by M. de St. Georges, and the music by M. Belem. I am credibly informed that the Council of State has recently come to a resolution that in future no railway company shall be allowed to issue new obli gations unless it is able to show that it has never hitherto made use of the money raised by obligations in order to Morelia. dividends. As very few com panies would be in a condition to prove that they have been immaculate in this respect, the news has struck terror wherever it is knows and believed, and I have little doubt that it has been the immediate cause of the panic which prevailed in the railway market last week, and has assumed larger proportions to-day. An opinion is prevalent in some financial circles that the government is Rot unlikely to avail itself of the further depression which railway shares are expected to suffer, to carry Into execution the scheme which, notwithstanding its rashness, has many ardent partisans, of taking all the reilways into the hands of the state. In this case the ex propriation would be made at the market price of the day of the transaction, and the shareholders would be paid in Relates, also at the current quotations. ITALY. THE STATES OF THE CHURCH. (vlOlll OUR OWN C0111611PONDINT.) THE POPE AND HIS ARMY. NONE, Nov. 6 . Pio Nono frerently shows himself superior to the traditional prejudices of his station and breaks through the trammels of etiquette which successive ages haveestablished around the Papal throne. He gave a specimen of this kind of independence last week by reviewing in person five battalions of Roman infantry in the Farnesina meadow., near Ponte ]Mlle, an event certainly without precedent in the memory of man, and for many years before, although not uncommon in the turbulent periods of the middle ages ' when warlike Ponti ff +, like Julius 11., grasped with equal vigoar the sword sod the croeier. The troop consisted of three battalions of the second regi ment of infantry, and the regiment of Cseciatori divided into two battalion., and the movements were directed by the Swiss Colonel Kneeler. A sham fight was executed in the morning, after which the troops bivouacked and dined on the ground, extra rations of wine being allowed them by superior orders. The officers dined in company with a number of French officers invited to witness the field day. When everybody was very merry, and the soldiers preparing to get under arms, the Pope's outrider was suddenly descried coming towards the camp followed by the sovereign cortege. The troops were in line in a moment, and the officers prepared to receive the Pope's visit ; the word was giveirto kneel as his Holiness approached, end Pio Nano. having kn. Parted his benediction to the soldiers, proceeded on foot down the line., attended by his usual suite, and the commanding officers and their staff. After the inspection His Helicess expressed his intention of meeting some mummer's, and placed himself in front of the line to sec the soldiers fire, nor would he re move from that exposed situation, although respect fully invited to avoid the possibility of any accidest by pesetas to the Rook or rear; the soo:audio' officer, however, was determined that no stray ramrod should endanger the sovereign's person, snd therefore opened the centre of hie line opposite the Pope, and made the troops fire from the wings. The extreme beauty of the weather and the concourse of spectators rendered it au interesting spectacle, and the Pope expreeeed his satisfaction to the commander before returning to his carriage, leaving everyone pleased by his impromptu visit. Neither the Swiss regiment nor the dragoons took part in the review, sea little jealousy always exists between the various elements composing the Papal army, but the dra• goons bad their field exercises and bivouac dinner, on the same day, at the Tavolata, beyond l'orta San Giovanni. The Austrians have made a step towards the often urged evacuation of the Legation', by withdrawing the garrisons they still maintained in somo of the secondary towns, and limiting their occupation to Ferrara, Bologna, and Ancona. This movem en t t oo k place at the end f last month, and was productive of a reduction of 1,500 men in the Austrian army of occupation. Some modifications in the administra. lion of martial law have elan ben effected, restrict. ing the extent of cognisance by Austrian military tribunals, and giving up the attributes of civil and military governor hitherto borne by the imperial commanders. The Austrian troops are still more numerous than the French, but probably rot much more in proportion to the positions they occt.py. An exciting incident took place at Ancona, a few days ago, in connexion with Austrian martial law. Two Italians were condemned to be shot by the mill. tart' tribunal, bat whilst being marched to the place of execution one of the men flung himself on his knees, protesting_his innocence, and refusing to move from the spot. His energetic asseverations produced a great impression on all around, but orders were at length given for him to be drugged forcibly to the fatal ground. At this juncture hie companion requested permission to be again confessed by the father confessor in attendance ; hie demand was granted, when he revealed to the priest that he had sworn falsely against hie companion, out of a spirit of revenge for an occurrence which had taken place some time before, in which a woman had afforded cause for dispute. The declaration appeared sufficiently import. ant to warrant a suspension of the execution, and an immediate investigation confirming the truth of the statement, the innocent man was liberated without farther ceremony, and the criminal marched alone to execution in the presence of an expectant crowd without, who received him with reprobative him* and yells. IL KOSSUTH ON ITALY. List evening, M. Kasettth delivered, in the Free trade Hall, Manchester, the first 01 three lectures he is to deliver during the present week. The hall was well filled many Win being present ; and when M. Koesuth appeared upon the platform, he was greeted with tee most en:husi astle applause, the audience rising, waving their handker chiefs, &e. B. N. PHILIPS, Erg., high sbeeff, took the their. Amoogst those upon or near the platform were James Kershaw, Esq., M.P.; Aldermen Sir John Potter and Shut' tleworth; the Rev. Dr. Vaughan; Metiers. John Henry, Absalom Within, George Wilson, Alexander Ireland, Giles, dko. After ono or two:Hungariaa airs hat been played upon the organ, ' The BRAHMAN begged to.be allowed to introduce to the audience a patriot—(applause) —an exile in our country for the caw of liberty, and therefore, he (the chairman) hoped. the friend of every true Briton. (Applause.) He alluded to his friend, his Excellency Louis Knuth. (Loud cheery, several times renewed, the audience again rising ) M. Hemline said he did not expect to be greeted that evening by the martial tunes of his own native land,—it was noble delicacy, for which he begged to express his most affectionate thank'. Those tunes were • musical ex pressioa of the poetry of the sentiment of his people,— fraught with each recollecdoas as made the breast of every Magyar swell with • holy determioati in to east off the hated yoke of Austria. (Loud cheers.) In time tunes, he hand his compatriots, put and present, calling aeon him to be faithful to the cause of Hungary; and, by God's help, he would be so. (Cheery) He aocepted that nauaic av at once a warning and a happy omen of coming events. (Applause.) It was jut five years eines he first visited Manchester, and he was an exile still. Five yeas I it was a long time to suffer! (Hear.) But, heavy thoogh the lean of protracted adversity was, it was a great coast:natter, to be able to say, as he could say with truth in Manchester, th►t those who were kind five years ago had not turned their backs upon the poor exile in hie suffering.. (Applause.) May the Almighty bleu them for it. M. Kossuth than proceeded with his lecture. He reviewed the put ci Italy; and com ing to the question of tational movements, he said that they arose from misgovernment or from nationality. The Italian movement arose distinctly from the lance cease; and Its concentrated expression was to bo found in a determined hatred of foreign dominion British stat,.men, not compre• bending the movement, had hitherto act, . the part of mere misrenordiam friars, or political Mrs. Partingtons. Until the Italian question was settled, there could be no chance for Poland, or for Hungary; and, in the words of Mr.Rubuck. Italy, Hungry, and Poland," must be the watchword and forereneer of real freedom and good g.vernment in Estop'. For success in Italy, there must be a general rising. The British people were per:nice!. Was there a prabability of sueceu for such • rising ? if nor, the British people would not be justified, by word or deed, in eccoureg tog what would, under such einemataeces,,be a wanton and useless effusion of blood. Those who argued that there was no such rrobab lily, were utterly mistaken as to, or they purposely misrepresented, all the facts of the case both past and present. Bo far from the state of things in 1818 being more favourable to the Italian movement, they were far less favourable than were present eirculastances—whether we looked to the foreign relations of Italy, to her power of resistance, or to her internal condition. Louis Napoleon might be opposed to an Ration rising ; hut so was Louis Philippe. Napoleon might rave a gcod under,tanding with Austria ; but Louis Phillippe was actuvi'y plotting with Austria. Then, no man could have thought • French revolution Imminent; now, no ream mable man could doubt that the French people would soon awake from their torpor of national degradation. Ana ffective Italian move ment might prove a trumpet sound to awaken France. There was no change for the better in the British govern ment, bet • great &deem had been made by the British people. (Cheers.) Wh the hour arrived for Hangs ran or Italian freedom, their war-cry of liberty would route such • burst of sympathy from tt e British people, that no British minister would dere—(loud and continued cheers)-- to make Great Britain subservient to despotism, or to tamper with petty experimsnta for stifling the aspirations for national liberty. (Cheers.) Hungary was net in revolt at the time of the Italian movement in 1848; and Aurria was able to use all her power against the Italians. At the pr. sent moment Austria had in Italy, notwithstanding its palpitating elate, from 40,000 to 50,000 men less than Radetzky mustered in 1848. In 1818 Austria had Tinselly no army in Hungary; now she needed 120,000 men to keep down Hungary and Transylvanis. Croatia, t .o, required troops at present ; and greatly more were now needed at every point out of Italy where Austria kept any is 1848. The spell of Austrian unity was broken now—her power had in truth departed; nothing could spirt restore the one or bring back the other. While all wes smocth, discipline and force might keep the Austrian army together ; but let a fittiog day come for a cry of liberty to be r a is e d-o.a see what that army would do with that boosted unity and with the glory of the yellow-blac'e flag. If the Italians weak' only fight now as they fought In 1848, they hat double the Mime of success they had then. (Applause.) Now, no comprom.`s-s from rulers would stand between the people and their destiny. It was not to the Italian people that the failure in 1848 was dee ; dcoumentary evidence abundantly proved that. It was a great mistake to put the conduct of • revolutionary insurrection in any royal heads; when a people had gained their ends, if they chose to have siting. it was for themselves to settle ; but derir g the struegle, only a popular head and revolutionary energy could secure success. When King Carlo Alberto got at the head of the Italian movement, it was no longer a rev .lut - o very struggle ; it was simply a straggle of one army ■gtiest another, and the smaller s•aamhed. cu:o Alb. rte acted either to gain some proviso,* for himself; or to prevent the establishment of • republic, la or tear his dominions : and the cause of Italy int, lost. Tito lecture teettd about as boar god a half ; and, having bees fregainitly and heartily applauded durirg its progress, 31. Kossuth was heartily cheered when he sat doves. The Rev. Dr. WlEsssow noted a vote of thanks to the high-sheriff for ptgaidieg. Mr KIRSZLW wooded the tootles; sod it was curled by agelasaties Aad brit By acknowladged bp Mr ratiAlre. The pr esediags tertalastret at ten o'eleek, with "Three dims for Soeeath."—MaacM+4► Geordies of this day.