The Express. — London, England, 1851-01-06 00:00:00

leery SATURDAY Alteneosa vitt be pableibed, THE EXHIBITION EXPRESS, Eli OP • DAILY NORDIN° DOVJLI PAPIL PRICE POURPENCE, EMT MOMS ISPORSIATION RELATIVE TO TEN GREAT EXHIBITION OF 1851, PA wank 13EIRTTOW PROSPECTS, lIIITEEDID CON TEXTS, AR2AEORESET4, APPRARAICE, PROOESSII, PAST AID YTTCIR, 'PILE 'Potatoes Busher of persons interested in the forthcomiag Great Ezhibition of the World's Industry haying hitherto had no satisfactory representative in the Press—no Pirer sufficiestly large, and with wieclisaism gemprehensire enough to map and azensplify tM forthimming Ezpueitiort with futures worthy of so grand sit —the Proprietan of the " EXPRESS" have determined sport issuing, sorry Sa - arday afternoon, a dubs skeet of that Parr, to contain the full e st and l atest infurotation relative to the Ealsiaition, torther with a suss of other matter acceptable to the multitude of penona istereeted either as General and Local Committeemen and Secretaries, Members of Provincial Travelling Clubs, Exhibitor, Friends of Exhibitors, Rivals of Ezhioiton, anti the still larger std wider Heels of those who us to be the hundreds of thousands of Visitors to the Metrleolis during the forthcoming Con gress of Induetry of all Nations. In addition to everything relative to tee Eimmition, this Double Sheet will give Gasiersi Nees, and will, moreover, especially attend to all Currant Events in Literature, Science, and Art. On every d.y except Saturday the price of the EXPRESS wM be Threepence, as heretofore. ADVERTISEMENTS. The ere vales el the " EXHIBITION EXPRESS " as a medium, mast be evident to advertisers. All advertisements moat be at the Office in Whitefriars at or before Eight in the Evening of each Friday, to enure in. Nation is the number of the following day. gite erprtglii. the necessity of dissimulation imposed upon them. No foreign minister. even of England, durst brave a general alliance of all those powers in Europe Who wield the monopoly of large armies and military resources. Russia, Austria, and Prussia have now re-entered into that holy alliance for the suppression of liberal tenden cies which they so vainly tried 30 years ego, whilst France, its people bent on either order or disorder , and i.e rulers on petty squabbling for power, has 'ither the spirit nor the leisure to interfere. In such a state of Europe, cirenenspectness meet perforce be the cheracteridic of the English foreign minister. And there are many who would stretch that circum spectoess to the length of interested and feigned com plicity and sympathy with the allied despotism whisk sow prevails. But whatever may be the meanness °Mud* Si shii/len, or of candidate ministers, and of these lemons of the press who abandon the public interest, sentiment, and cause, in order to become the mere mouthpieces of a man or a clique, there is no neces sity, but, on the contrary, deep implicy, in the nation's flinging aside its naturally liberal sympathies, and affecting to worship a Heveen or revere a SCRWARZENBERG. The English public, which cannot be suspected of being aggressive, or even propa gandist, have no need of affecting adherence to despotism, or, like the Duch in Japan treading on the cross in order to be allowed to trade, profess our selves humble admirers of HATNAU, and partial re specters of Nicnotss, in order that we may be received into their conservative alliance. Let statesmen bow, and intrigue, and wriggle be tween liberalism and illiberalism—that is their pro fession—but let the British public follow a straight forward course, and repudiate those who have com promised the cense of liberty by their assaults upon property as well as on the just laws of society and of religion, as well as those who deem the world again ripe for the application of brute force, and for the ignoring of every other principle of government, save violence and fear. Whatever may betide the world, even if the whole continent be destined to undergo the yoke of despo tism, and if the "era of the C.EdARS" have indeed again returned, still principle and honour must prompt us to avow those sympathies which not all the dissi mulation and abnegation on our part would make the allied despots believe we are really without. The duration of military despotism, at least in central Eur'pe, is an utter imp-seibility. And if armies have been made overwhelming by their numbers, they are rendered unmanageable by the same numbers. And ern many years eloper, we shall have as many parties iu them as there arc in the people, whom they are destined to devour and to oppress. Ai to Germany, its revolution is but commencing. Its thirty year. of peace are over. And we see as little chance of` the dualism of Austria and Prussia subjecting Germany by any new Bond l at Dresden, as of the Frankfort parliament subduing ' Austria and Prussia by votes and long speeches. The da y is not distant when the popular party will be In Germany, where court parties are at preempt, is the ascendant. Atd it must not be then said that we encouraged or chimed in with any brutal system of repression sad reaction. It is therefore with great pleasure that we beheld in our columns a long subscription list, signed by the first houses concerned in the German trade, in favour of the victims of Hesse. If ever there was resistance constitutionally made without blood, without disorder, without appeal to any bad passions, or the awakening of one subversive principle, it was that unanimous resistance of the Hessians, before the unanimity of which the Elector of HESSE fled. Lett to him self, the ELECTOR, bad as he is, would not have quarrelled with his people; and left to him self, he afterwards would have become reconciled to them and to the constitution. But the Etrcron was a cat's-paw in the hands of the Frankfort Diet to wound and provoke Prussia in the first instance, and then to humble her. lIASSENTFIXO hmself admitted that the resistance and flight of the ELECTOR were solely done in obedience to the Diet. A more Ma chievelian, illegal, or unwarranted interference or intrigue never took effect for the oppression of a brave and constitutional people. Had there re omitted one spark of heroism in the breast of Prussia, Ilesse should have been defended in its con stitutional rights. But the meanness with which Hesse was abandoned is only to be equalled by the batsmen' and overbearing trickery with which that country has been oppressed. Prussia throughout acted the part of JUDAS, first supporting the re• signals" of the Hessians, then preventing the ELECTOR from compounding with that resistarce, whilst its lair act forms such a climes of treachery, that it will be indelibly written upon every German heart. At the last hour the Hessian. were told that a Prussian and an Austrian Commissioner were coming to arrange their affairs. The Hessians of course looked to the Prussian as their protector and friend. lie counselled them to submit, to acknowledge the autho rity of the Dirt, and that in return they should have fair trete ment and conditions. They submitted; but on mentioning the conditions to the Austrian Commis sioner, the latter exclaimed, " Who is this Premien—this PECCKER ? lie has no authority I here. I em the representative of the Diet ; be is nothing, and has the power neither to promise aught nor to protect any one." To such treacherous falsehood, and to such humiliating castigation and insult, did the Commissioner descend, in order that he might successfully play the part of JUDAS to the Hessians , . Laminar, is wanting to characterise such baseness. Meantime the officers of the Herein army, and too many of the civilian functiowiries of the electorate, are the victims of adherence to their con stitution. They are turned adrift, deprived of livelihood, and of all hope save in revela tion. A short month back coed Prussia seemed to offer them a refuge; for it was in the clew of Prussia, as well as of constitutional freedom, that they were sacrificed. But Prussia itself has since then been as much betrayed and subdued as Hive. The coostita tiers is nullified, and the kingdom of the great FREDERICK laid at the feet of the Austrian minister, who declares in a proclamation that he magnanimously refrained from conquering and humiliating Prussia. The answer to which from the court of Berlin was en invitation to that Austrian minister to become its guest. This 'efficiently proves that Freesia offers no re treat to honourable men and constitutionalists. The Hessian officers must become exiles not merely from the land of their allegiance, but from Germany, over which the united eagles of despotism irresistibly reign, and wherein consequence nothing but servility can be tolerated. We trust, however, that the sub scriptions of the Germans and the English will suffice to secure to these noble victims a pittance and a refuge, until such time as the present tyranny be over thrown. TO CORRESPONDENTS. betelletuvete Weeded foe "The Ezprok • Lapdog Evening pence, men be et the Ince, 10 llouveriegtreet, b Ivro o'clock on the HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Too DAv-11nrnar. O. M. 40m. TlOniallOW—Marefiss. M. Ma. —..Attermsf, 51a. ICm. LONDON, MONDAY, JANUARY 6. ir appears hum the abstract of the net produce of the revenue of Greet Britain for the year ►nd quarter traded 6th 'eatery, 1831, that notwithstanding a de- i crease of 109,4281. is the quarter's revenue, as coca pared with that of the corresponding quarter of the preceding year, the revenue of the year 1859 exceeds that of the year 1849 by 161,9221. It is scarcely necessary to remind our readers that this return leaves the account ( f the yeses receipts still incomplete. The revenue of Ireland has still to be accounted for. According to the finance accounts which the House of Commons ordered to be printed on the 20th of last March, the total payments into the Exchequer fir Great Britain in 1849 amounted to 49,636,13114 the payments far Ireland to 3,711,3041. Tilt the Irish accounts have been rendered it will be imporesible to say whether there has been an increase or a decrease on the total income cf the empire for the year. There is another consideration which forbids us to build to confidently on the flattering tale of an increase of 164,9221. in the British revenue for 1880 se cm.pared with that of 1819. The increase may almost be said to be confined to the Excise. It is the increase of 250,116/. in that branch (with the trilling additions of 56,3291. in the taxes and 14,0001. in the Post•oflicc) that has turned the balance against a decrease in all the other items of ordinary revenue. And the increase in the Excise is said to be on the articles melt, hope, spirits, and soap—principally on the two former. Now it will be in the recollection of oar readers that in 1849 there was a decrease in the Facies of 890)01. as compared with the receipts of the preceding year, arising wholly from the postpone ment of the hop duty. We also regret to observe that a mystification, which we felt ourselves called upon to expose in the returns for 1849, is retained in the returns for 1850. An attempt is mule to show a surplus of revenue over expenditure—or at least a greater sur plus than actually exies—for the quarter just ended, by di ducting the charge on the consolidated fund, and the =court honied for supply services is England alone from the quarter's revenue. No attempt is • made to estimate what will be required to meet the de mands for supply services out of England. On this device we have only to repeat our last year's remarks : "No indication is afforded as to how the balance of supply and expenditure on the whole year stands. An unreal surplus is made to appear in order to serve the purposes of the moment, and arrest the sager calls for economy and retrenchment which are being raised in all parts of the kingdom." We dwell upon these fact, only because, concurring with other indications, they seem to imply a resole,- tion, as the part of ministers, once more to shriek from any attempt at a comprehensive reform in our finan cial system. They will, when parliament meets, seek to parade as great an apparent surplus of revenue, with a view to persuade the public that all requisite reductions of taxation may be accomplished by its means alone. There is indeed lees chance of their succeeding in this from the circumstance that the discussion of the continuance or discontinuance of the income tax, will of necessity open the whole question of general taxation. Incomplete though the return we publish to-day bo as an index of the state of the national fiu►nees, it is full of instruction on this head. The return contains only • part of the national income for the year ; it contains no indication of the actual expenditure of the year; but it establiahes satisfactonly the wisdom of the policy which has led parliament to remit so many taxes as obstructive to trade. Year after year enetoma duties and excise duties—first one and then another—have been dimi nished or repealed without any reduction of the revenue : the greater productiveness of the remain ing more moderate duties has more than compensated for what has been taken off. Much has been done in the way of affording relief by the remission of duties upon imports : it is high time that an experiment were made as to what can be done by remitting duties upon exports. The excite, duties oa malt, hops, spirits, soap and paper, are in fact duties upon exports; prevent ing the creation or extension of an export trade in these articles, or in those of which they areas it were the raw materials. The agricultural advocates of the repeal of the malt and hop duties seem to be resting on their oars, but the opponents of the con tinuance of the paper duty are already vigorously in the field; and, unless we are misinformed, the suf ferers by the soap duty, including • numerous class of consumers as well as manufacturers, are about to fol low their example. It must, however, bo kept in mind that any satis factory and sensibly beneficial reduction of taxation must of necessity be preceded by a reduction of ex penditure. The remissions required to bring tier tam absolute necessaries within the reach of the masses, and to give free play to the ingenuity and enterprise of our manufacturers, cannot be made on the strength of surpluses alone. The expenditure on our defensive establishments must be curtailed in a more trenchant manner than parliament has yet ventured on. TIIERE never was a time in which it wu eo in cumbent on those nations, we had almost said, upon that nation, which Providence has blessed with free dom and independence, to show how deeply and truly it sympathises with those of other countries who in pursuit of that same constitutional and righte ous freedom which has distinguished us, have failed of our good fortune and wanted an opportunity for se curing it, sad who now suffer the vengeance of des potism in so glorious a cause. The time is past, indeed, when England could in terfere by arms or menaces of arms, even to uphold the weak and to redress the injured. With the mighty armies which now occupy and weigh upon the continent, it is plain that nothing but public opinion can contend ; public opinion, becoming en lightened and unanimous in a great people, conscious of what it aims a•, and possessed of men able and honest to acconspilsh their aims. All we can give is our share of light, of sympathy, and of adhesion to the great poser of *mu. In giving this adhes'on we can no longer count upon our g.iverntntat. Ministers and di plomatists, even admitting that they ft• 1 liberal tendencies, have still Sins the aNaieitkel ha 1797 by England of the Cape of Good Hope, we have been engaged in no fewer than four prolonged wars with the Caff,es. The teat of them wars cost, it has been stated, the tax payers of this country very nearly two millions ster ling; and it is probably underneath the mark to pre sume that in the last half century nearly five millions sterling have been spent in fighting with these appa rently irreclaimable thieve, and savages: all because the Colonial-office would persist, against all evidence, in believing them to be the contrary. During the same period we have by slow degree. alienated the allegiance of the Dutch farmers, Of Boers as they are celled; we have forced large num bers of that phlegmatic race, tenacious by tempera ment of homes they have once adopted, to shed their farms in British territories and to seek their (octanes beyond the depressing influences of oar colonial system; we have followed them with perverse claims of our jealous sovereignty to their new settlements, and seen them thence doggedly re sume their march still further beyond the bounds of civilisation, rather than endure oar dominion; we have refused those who yet remain our subjects, on frontiers attractive to savage, by their herds and flocks, permission to defend themselves against in- 1 roads and harrying, that are quite intolerable; and when our immunity to the savages has at last ren dered war inevitable, we, that is the governing ' powers of England, have coolly attributed it to the misconduct of the Boers who have been plundered. For half a century we have allowed this great colony of South Africa to be ruled by a succession of , sentimental colonial semetarite, by their literary and sickly philanthropic clerks, and by old aoldiere,l selected as governors because it is the fashion to ra gard the Cape of Good /lope itself as a point in ' the military defence of India, regardless c f the colony behind it, as an immense territorial possession. We have pertinaciously refused it a con- THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, JANUARY 6. 1851. 'Station ; now on the pretence that the mass of its population were not of British origin, and not there tore entitled to the privilege of free institutions; then on the plea that the principle of representation was inapplicable to so scattered a 'ovulation. We have attempted to discharge into it the moral filth of our convict Priem, and have been driven back in the attempt mistimes amounting in principle to re bellion. ad now that we have promised the Cape colonists &constitution of our own concocting, they have sent one over of their own for our adoption. No better example of the treatment the Cape has received at the hands of the Colonial-office can be given than is to be seen in the former and present connexion of Sir HARRY SMITH with the colony. When Sir BENJAMIN DURBAN we. governor, Sir HARRY, then Major SMITH, had command of the hand full of troops that guarded the frontier. Without provocation and without notice the Caffres burst on the colony, carrying plunder, devastation, fire, ruin, and slaughter before them, ravaging the whole fron tier province, and forcing its unhappy population back into the interior. Such was the origin of the Caffre war before the last. With bat scant military aid, those two fine old soldiers, Sir BENJAMIN D'UR BAN and Major SMITH, entered on the defence of the colony thus invaded, and on the punishment of the in vaders; contending resolutely and bravely for nearly eighteen months against vastly superior num bers, indomitable courage, ruthless savagery, a country unfit for the operations of civilisei warfare. For thirteen months of that period, Sir BENJAMIN DURBAN was left without further com munications from the Colonial office on the war, than bare and formal acknowledgments of his despatches narrating its occurrence,. At last, however, he and I Sir HARRY brought the Claims to submission, obliged them to enter into treaties which contained at least some security for their future good conduct, advanced our frontier from an artificial to a naturally defensible line, and thereby added a new and fertile province to the colony. Yet no sooner was the war over and these great results attained in its termination, than the Colonial office, which had slept during its progress, awoke with • vengeance, and pronounc ing the war unjust in its origin, cruel in its progress and ambitious in its termination, gave the MASAN treaties to the winds, retired front the fron tier, resigned the provinces, and exhibited each a weakness as by degrees infused new courage .into those savages, the fruits of which were reaped in the last war and its coat of two millions sterling. But more; when Sir BENJAMIN DURBAN and Sir 'lwo' SMITH, resenting this treatment, warmly defended themselves from the charges of the Colonial-office, Sir BENJAMIN was dismissed from the government, and left to fret nearly all the remainder of his life away in poverty at Cap Town; and Sir HARRY was removed from the very colony, to which be has returned with all the laurels of Aliwal. FRANCE. RESIGNATION OF THE FRENCH MINISTRY. PARIS, SATICEDAT EVENING. An extraordinary agitation was visible in the Assembly at the commencement of the sitting of to day. Rumours were circulated of the resignation of the entire cabinet. The ministers, who were all present, with the exception of General Schramm, were surrounded and questioned by a crowd of repre sentatives. Numerous groups were engaged in earnest and animated discussion on all hands. Never theless no official news of the resignation of the cabinet was given, and the house set about discussing the propositions on the order of the day. Later it was reported with more certainty that all the ministers had resigned, but the President on their resignations being tendered replied that he would deliberate. M. At attnoci,the pe NOE al friend of the President,wa s summoned to the Elysee, and charged to make pro- posals to M. Odillon Barrot, who however declined the task of forming a ministry. M. Leon Faucher and M. Leon de Malleville were mentioned as likely to become members of the new cabinet. ------- The moment chosen by the ministers for throwing up office excited surprise, as they had so recently two fit opportunities for declaring their intention to retire, namely, when they were defeated on the motion of M. de Laroebejacquelin for the liberation of M. Man. guin, and when the bureau of the Assembly insisted upon retaining M. You in office. On both these occasions public opinion tends strongly to condemn the onduct of the assembly. Yesterday the legislature evinced afresh a spirit of opposition against the government which looked Lotions and unreasonable. The Minister of War, _ General Schramm, requested the delay of a day or two to discover the instructions attributed to General Changarnier, which were issued 29 months back, and which be had not been able to fled among the papers of the War-office. The Assembly rejected this appa rently reasonable request by a large majority. Their motive was to protect General Changarnier, who im mediately appeared in the tribune to give those ex planations which had been demanded in vain from the Minister of War. Another act of hostility against the government was naming the questors presidents of their bureaux in the monthly renewal of these after they had supported M. lon, and one of them, General WU, bad insulted the President of the Republic by retiring from the Elysee on the evening of the 31st December, in company with General Bedeau. . The explanations of General Changarnier would have been more satisfactory if 1c had specified in what points the articles alleged by the Pattie as form ing a part of his order of the day were incorrect. He said that they were only intended to be applied during the battle, in order to maintain a strict unity of com mand. S o that the instructions were neither perma nent nor temporary, but reserved for the case of an emegtte. He denied that he had ever called in ques tion the sovereignty of the Assembly, and said that the instructions might be seen in print by referring 'to the newspapers of the period, when they were is-ued. Only three members of the mountain, MM. Miot, Bourzat, and Valentine, rose with M. Napoleon Bonaparte against the pure and simple order of the day. M. Napoleon Bonaparte's motived order of the day, calling en the Assembly to blame the instruc tions, did not therefore come to the vote. But why now recur to this narrative? Because, again, there are rumours of another invasion of the Ceffres ; because those rumours have carried Sir HARRY SMITH in four days from Cape Town to the frontiers, there to hold a meeting with the Cafes chiefs; Yeeause both the honour and the pocket of England are deeply interested in that interview. Lord GREY has, it is true, told the colonists that they mast themselves pay the cost of the next Caffre war. But to make such an announcement is not to secure its realisation on the occurrence of such an event. The colonists have not the means of paying two millions sterling for a Caffre war; and we may rely on it, that if another war break out, it is England, and not the Cape, that will have to pay its cost. Some little attention is then due for our own sakes to what is passing on the Caffre frontier,. The chiefs who responded to Sir HAIRY Stunt's summons, and met him at Williamatown on the 26th October, had, as all Caffre chiefs usually have on such occasions, peace on their tongues; they wire submissive in language, and expressed a preference for British rule. But by far the moat important of the chiefs, SANDILLA, absented himself ; he sent, to be sure, an excuse, a lame one: "he was ill; bad had a fall from his hone, and could not ride." But this Sir HARRY SMITH'S knowledge of Caffre character ena bled him to treat at once as it destrved. "It was a lie. SANDILLA was afraid." Now this absentee is The majority of the Assembly excuse their un courteous treatment of General Schramm by saying that the whole affair of the alleged instructions, first brought forward by the Petrie, a paper in the confidence of the Eisler., was a plot of the government to sow dissension between Gen. ' Changarnier and the Assembly, and they insisted, therefore, that accusations of so suspicious a cha racter, and tending to place the character of the commander-in-chief in so questionable a light should to cleared up without a moment's delay; while the government, wordless to the view of the majority, entertained a disloyal wish to take advantage of these imputations in order to set the Assembly and its military champion at odds. The .Assembly, in its sitting of to-day, adopted with out debate, by 618 votes against 12, a bill, openirg a credit for the new valuation of territorial revenues. Two articles of the bill on mortgage reform were also passed, and the further debate on this m asure was adjourned to Monday. The Assembly then pro ceeded, notwithstanding vigorous remonstrances from various quarters, to the last deliberation upon the proposition of M. Deanne!, relative to the cultiva tion of a part of the property of communes. Humours prevailed that a message was expected, announcing the formation of a new ministry. The bourse was greatly agitated by the rumlurs which prevailed concerning the resignation of the ministry. It was said that office had been offered to tie most liberal section of the Tiers-parti. A sort of panic was the immediate consequence of the dispersion of this news. The Fives fell suddenly from 91.85 to 94.40, and then declined to 91.10, but then rallied somewhat, and closed at 94.40. The Threes and the New Loan also fell 35 centimes. Mr. Henry Lushington, secretary of the government for Malta, arrived in Paris this evening, on his return to that island, to resume his official defier, after a short term of leave of absence in England. P.s.—Altheugh the resignation of the ministers was considered as certain, no official announcement, according to the account of your reporter, had been made in the Chamber when the sitting broke up. SUNDAY EVENING. Al hough no official announcement with regard toi the reeignation of the ministers was made either yes terday in the Assembly or in the 1414niEur of this morning, still no doubt exists as to the fact, and it is announced as equally certain that their resignations were accepted last night by the President. M. Curlier, the prefect of . pollee, has given in his resignation. I understand that overtures, but not of an official character, hare been made to M. Odilon Barrot to undertake the formation of a cabinet. M. Barrot replied to M. Abbatacci, through whom these offers were made, that he could cot consent to take office without the co-operation of M. Dufaare as a colleague. M. Dufaure has, however, declined to become a mem ber of the cabinet. His motives for standing aloof may be briefly explained. The first question which the Lew cabinet will have to encounter will be that of the dotation, the credits previously voted for the " expenses of representation " having expired with the old year. Now it has been found by experience that the deperdants of the Elysee, how ever quiet and humble on the eve of such supplies being voted, no sooner pocket the munificent largesses of the President than they become wild and unma nageable. All those schemes entertained by hot headed partisans, which languished for want of money, are suddenly revived. The Bonapartist papers teem with sallies injurious to the dignity of the Assembly. The rank fruits of profu sion are manifested in the disorder and insolence which prevails in the immediate neighbourhood of the President. Louis Napoleo nhimaelf, whose many good qualities are denied by no one, cannot entirely escape from the influence of a vulgar and intemperate entourage. M. Dufaure and others, like M. Gustave de Beaumont, who think with him, and entertain a high sense of parliamentary dignity, could not poe sibly accept office with the prospect before their eyes of a perpetual conflict, descending to the most miser able trifles, with such a Bonapartist carmine. M. Dufaure sees no sufficient gnarantee for the stability and authority of the cabinet, of which he would form part, after the Dotation Bill were voted, and naturally declines a position which would turn his parliamentary inflame to a temporary and interested use. If, therefore, M. Odilon Barret insist upon the co-opera tion of M. Dufaure as a receasary condition to his own acceptance of office, he cannot be expected to lerd the authority of his name to the new cabinet. I shall proceed to examine briefly the other possible combinations in the composition of a new government. The first which prevents tself is that of the old parliamentary chiefs, Mole, Thiers, Berryer, Montalembert, and others. A cabinet formed by such at the present moment is im practicable, because it supposes complete union be , tween those two powers, which are now divided by the deepest schism. Besides, all those arguments which deter M. Dufaure from coming forward are equally applicable to the chiefs in question. On the other band, in order to form a ministry of the Left, there are no men in whom the Assembly could place sufficient confidence to support them in a single mea sure. M. Pascal Duprat and M. Grevy are two of the only names on that side of the house which would even command the rest of the Assembly ; far General Cavaignec svcild pec certainly decline to take office. And a cabinet of which those two !epee the great authority amongst the Wires, the great enemy, too, of British power, the great thief of British cattle. A meeting, then, of the chiefs, however largely attended, without SANDILLA can signify little ; but in addition to the significance of his absence, the meeting was not numerously attended : there were only 350 chiefs at Williamstown. Tt.e result of the interview has not, therefore, however pacific its language, inspired much 'confidence in the long preservation of peace. Sir HARRY Sarni addressed them in the only lan guage Caffre chiefs can understand : - if they were not banpy, and wanted war, he would make war wi:la them (bolding up a long stick with a brass knob at the end, culled generally " the stick of peace.") I will make war, sad bring my troops from Caps Town in (via days, et I cam. myself, and 1 will drive you all over the Kei, and get Knit to driv, you to the Umzintsoobo, and I will be there ton —I area there once—you know it—a. d then set Film hackies you further; and then you will be scattered over the earth ns beasts of the field and vagabonds. Bat the good I will protect and s-slat, and be their father ; " and," he said, " I will kill every one that will not fight on my side. There is a God above—He knows all things." Such language sounds bellicose and cruel ; but. addressed to Catfres, it is really peaceful and kind, It intimates to them that the British authorities have • policy, have made ap their minds, are prepared for war, and will rival them in the horrors of war. And it is only by a knowledge of this that Cairo ambition and aggression cin be restrained. The other policy, that of sentiment, of philanthropy, of appear ing afraid, of being irresolute in language, of submit titg to robbery, of endeavouring to treat with aggres sion, has been tried, and has again and again foiled. It is then earnestly to be hoped that Sir HABRY Small will not leave the frontiers until his agents have brought SANDILLA and the other principal , chiefs into Williamstown, and until he has repeated these warnings to them. But while sanctioning the use of this strong, and to all appearance this horrible language, let no not be supposed to advocate any unnecessary hostilities. Our object in drawing attention to this subject is, first to show the Colonial-office, that if we are to have ano ther Cadre war, the eyes of the country will be on it; and then to inquire why it is that under British rule there is a constant succession of these wars which were not to be found under the Dutch rule of the Cape colony. To our apprehension, the cause of Dutch exemption is clear enough. They allowed the frontier Boers to form a system of defence of their own ; to unite for the protection of their persons and cattle; and to recover for themselves the property they had lost. Doubtless, under the old commando system, as it was called, some cruelties did occasionally occur; but in the main it preserved peace, and it saved the colony and the metropolitan colony from the continual recur rence of costly wars. We have reversed this system; instead of combination of frontier settlers for their own protection, we have posts and soldiers, and agents and police; we refuse to let the Boers take care of them sa experience proved they can; and we have mimed their protection, and events have proved we cannot give it. The truth is, that all the evils of this fine colony result in one way or other from our treatment of the Boers. We have op pressed them, and have philandered with savages. The consequences are Care wars on the frontier and disaffec , ion in the interior; and so it will continue to be until the Colonial-office reverses its policy and behaves to the Boers as their Dumber,, their wealth, their importance, and their sterling worth, demand. TURKEY.—A letter from C3nstantinople of the 15th ult. in the Concordia of Turin, states that in order to compensate for the loos of the Nehri Sherket man-of-war, which blew up some time ago, great activity is displayed in preparing to launch the Nish mudie, of 142 guns, the Peiki-Messeret, of 94 guns, the Sheid-Sade steam frigate, of 16 guns, and two sailing frigates, one of 64, and the other of 62 guns. It is said that they will be afloat in the course of two months. The officers of the Turkish navy are re ceiving daily instruction under the direction of Capt. Slade. The letter adds that the Sultan has lamed a Slim= granting the same privileges to the Anglican church as those enjoyed by the Roman catholic creed. THE FRENCH Dirrtza ON ENGLISH :CoAL.—On Wedn , sday, the South Shields Conned adopted a 01011101 In favour of an equalisetion of the French duties on the admired= of BegUsh and Belgian coal. Lord Pa!mentos, acknowledgier the receipt of the memorlel /rem the Sun derland council, Matta that "her Majesty's government are in communication with tho French government opt the mattes. sentatives formed the sinews certa , nly could not stand a week. An Elvers ministry is scarcely more prac'icable for parliamentary purposes than one of the Left. A cabinet formed of MM. Ahbatucci (the father), Fielin de Persigny, Generals Itrgnault to Angely and Baraguay d'Hilliers would certakly not receive from the Chamber so much deference as the ministry which has just resigned, and of which two members at least, Baroche sad Lattitte, main- taibed generally an excellent understanding with the majority. Besides. the President's personal friends would hardly be the most proper persons whom he could select to make a pecuniary application in hie behalf to the Chamber. I have now to state, in conclusion, what appears to me, from all I can collect, after consulting the beet authorities, the most probable, and, to all appearance, the only practicable solution of the present crisis. It is evident from what I have stated that the new minis try must repose on two principles. It must be friendly to the President in a personal point of c iew, and it must have a decided preponderance in the parliament. The most natural fulfilment of these conditiote would be a combination of the tiers-parli and the El) eke. As a parliamentary name, that of Odilon Barrot is a Itower of strength. Hence, great efforts will be made to make him the pivot of the new cabinet. And I believe that his scruples to aocepting cffice without Dufaure are not insuperable. He is evidently weary of having nothing to do, and his domestic position is such as to make him eeek distraction in an active political existence. Supposing M. Barrot to yield to the solicitations of the Elyske, he would admit as colleagn , a two or three known friends of the Presi dent. General Bunny d'Hilliera would probably take the portfolio of War. M. Lvhitte would retain his place as Minister of Foreign Affairs, being a gene ral favourite from his conciliatory character. Two or three of M. Barrot's former colleagues would enter with him. M. Pusy would take the portfolio of finance, M. Lacrosse that of Public Works, M. Tracy another post. It remains for me to mention one more name, which seems very likely to figure in the new cabinet, that of M. Vic or Lefranc, one of the most liberal members of the tiersparti, and of a decided parliamentary capacity. This, as far as I can learn, is the most probable combination. It is a hybrid creation, but well calculated to sur mount the present difficulties. And if it does not present elements of durability, it will, as a piece of provisional patchwork, serve to ferry the country over the actual crisis, free to be knocked in pieces when the strait is passed. Meanwhile, it may be remembered that the cabinet which has been just dis wined, was not, upon its entrance into office, expected to last fifteen days, yet it has stood fifteen months. This sudden dissolution of a cabinet which has ridden out the storms of the last fifteen month's, before an incident so trifling to all appearance as the explanations offered by General Changarnier, with regard to the instructions alleged by the Petrie to have been issued by him to the troops under his cei rained, has excited universal surprise. (The in structions will be found in another pew.) When the sitting of Friday broke up, after this incident, not the smallest surmise existed in the minds of the dispersing representatives that the cabinet would succumb befoie the result of such an interpellation. But this result, all minute as it appeared, struck like the point of a lash the tenderest susceptibilities of the Elysee. In fact, when General Changarnier declared In so emphatic a manner that he should always obey the commards of the Assembly, uttered through the official organ of its president, the acclamations with which this signal acknowledgment of its sovereignty from the representative of the armed force was received by the Assembly, were considered by the govern ment as a flagrant affront to the executive power. The moment chosen by the highest military authority for proclaiming his undivided allegiance to the Assembly aggravated in a peculiar manner the mortification inflicted noon the govern ment. The Assembly had just been guilty of what must pass in the eyes of all impartial men for a gross act of u-urpation, in sending an order for the liberation ref M. Mauguin, accompanied by a threat of force ; ar.d this encroachment on the prerogative of the executive is visibly sanctioned immediately after by the defer ence of the commander.in-chief to the dictates of the Assembly. Thus the only arm of which thegovemment disposes fur the vindication of its title of " executive," and for the maintenance of the laws appears to be lifted in defiance against it. Seen in this light the incident of Friday will appear a more suffi cient motive for the retirement of the ministry, for when the chief organ of the public force refuses indirectly submission to the executive power, it be comes manifestly impossible to carry on the govern ment. Ever since the constitution of 1848 came into operation there has been a continua conflict for supremacy between the President and the parliament. This conflict is so complicated by questions of detail that the great-st reserve is neces sary in pronouncing an opinion upon which side the right lies. But the result is so plain that he who runs may read. The titular executive is divested of that command over the army which constitutes the essence of a real executive. 'Mere is also reason to suppose that the President was not quite satisfied with the latttr proceedings of 'the geverument, which evinced a want of diplomatic tact, by provoking, on the eve of the dotation question, a series of collisions with the Assembly, which re sulted in humiliations and defeat. Instead of dis semblirg their mortification at the ova' ion decreed to Gen. Changarnier on Friday, the ministers swelled the triumph of the Assembly by their manifestations of chagrin and vexation. When they dined after wards with the President he is said to have received them coldly. The principal members of the tiers -path voted on Fiiday against General Changaroier. On Friday night a meeting of members of the Left took place at the house of M. Durand-Savoyat. Sixty representatives were present, among whom figured MM. G7evy, Dupont de Bussac, Victor Hugo, Emile de Girardin, Pascal D4prat, Laurent de l'Ardeche, Aubry, &c. These pronounced against the principle of abstaining from hiking part in the elec tions. Bouasz. PABIP, .7.49. 4, For For ACOULLI24 Money. Aloft Mews'. Lowest. a.m. -- - - - - as Cents. ....... 6B 98 58 SO II 80 9i 25 56 55 ar Cents.. do. New Loom O4 95 re a a a per Ceuta... per Cents I T 4 25 a . .. Spur Oants. ....... 1 541 toe 56 SO 44 110 II 25 56 55 i per Cents. 5 do. New Loan Ol 95 46 • • • ie pm Cents... 4 poi Cana 1 74 25 • • Knolinnae on London: at sigitl, 24 94; 90 dap, 94 30. 0 1144049,5, 1660 Do. s i 1642 Do. 4 Do. 24 1330 „ Treasury Bonds — Piedmont 5 per (rots. Beak 64 SO 4450 ~ 800/0111 —Versailles (left I . 7 . ank), 162 60; Paris and Orleans, 660; Paris and Rouen, 677 50; Marseilles and Avignon, 192 60; Centre (Vinson), 400; Boulogne and Amiens, 217 50; Orleans sad Bordeaux, 405; North, 460; Paris and Btrasboursr, 363 76 ; Tours and Nantes, 251 2.5; Dieppe and Feeamp, 190. ITALY. TURIN, Dec. 29. Oa the opening of the chambers a very satisfactory announcement was made by the ministry, in present ing the financial accounts of the preceding twelve. month, of a reduction of thirteen millions of francs (520,0001, sterling) on the expenditure, thus justi fying the vote of confidence demanded and obtained by the government of the Chamber of Deputies, in the adoption of the tax upon houses and all buildings generally, to provide for the future wants of the state which in 1852 (the period at which the law is to come into operation) will require the amount likely to be produced by that tax, as the present ordinary resources of the cAintry will be absorbed in the interval in getting rid of the deficit, and re-mtablishing a balance between the receipts and the expenditure. The motive for requiring the Caamber to vote the house tax, previous to the presentation and discussion of the financial expose of the last two years, was that if the former measure had not been so previously passed, there would not have been time this session to pass it, the discussion on the financial statement being sure to absorb all the time that remains. It was therefore wise to assure the future, as a matter of urgency, before entering upon the examination of the past, however mach the latter might be a matter of expediency; otherwise, ministers would have been not risking but rendering certain future embarrassment, and the renewal of the' so much deplored deficit, at no distant period. La Croce di Savoia of Ist January reproduces an article from the Corriere Mercantile of Genoa, which makes allusion to military precautions of an extror dinary kind having been taken against some invisible enemy, in consequence of reports inducing a belief of demagogic movement by the extreme rouge party. A great deputation of the Elective Chamber, with M. Pinelll at its head, waited on the King on the Ist of January, to compliment him on the occasion of New ar's-day. M. Pinelli bed prepared • written ad dress, but, informed that the King objected to an address so prepared being read, M. I'inelii made a few unimportant observatione, on which the King expressed his thanks to the deputation. GERMANY. REOPENING OF THE PRUSSIAN CHAMBERS. (TELEGRAPHIC DESPATCH.) BERLIN, SATURDAY, JAN. 4. In to-day's sitting of the S.N..ond Ch,mber the Presidents were elected. Schwerin and Simpson were re-elected by a great majority. BERLIN, JAN. 3. The majority of tho Second Caumber havir.g re jected the motion that the discussion of the address ehmild be struck out of the order of the day, the pro ceedings of the chamber arc simply to be continued the continuation of the address debate is however hardly to be expected. A committee was formed yesterday of the Geppert, Riedel, and Hel goland fractions. A sub c3inmittee was also formed for the eventual proposition of a motion. A special order of the day has matt' prospects of success. Tne motive for this will of course provoke a d.scussion. Despite the common committe*, each of the 3 fractions reserve to themselves the power of making separate motions. But, of courv, the great object will be to gain collectively as large a majority as possible for the special order of the day. Count Kittberg presided in the Upper Ilouse. In his address he protested against the late ministerial measures against Hesse and Holstein. Baron Mon asked that the papers on the German question should b. produced by the ministers. The cabinet reserved its reply to this demand. The commissioner departed yesterday for Holstein. The proclamation to the Holsteiners will appear to-morrow. Lord Westmoreland has left Berlin to represent his government at Vienna. MUNICH, Dtc. 31. M. Manteuffel and M. von Pfordten are said to be anaiu ou cordial terms. M. Manteeffel, shortly after his arrival at Dresden, made a visit to M. von l'fordten, who had not called on the Prussian m:iiister. Our Dresden correspondent writes as follows: DRESDEN JAN. 2. . _ Section or committee No. 1 for the revision of that part of the constitution which deals with the organ isation of the supreme authority and extent of ter ritory of the confederation met this morning,but owing to the absence of Prince Schwartzenberg, no businees was tree meted. The Prince was prevented from attending by the sadden, though not unexpected, arrival from Berlin of Herr von Manteuffel, who immediately closeted himself with his Austrian colleague, and remained with hint under lock and key in an inner chamber until the time for the departure of the last train for Berlin. The Prussian minirter was then seen to hurry from the palace, and walk at a rapid pace to the rai:way terminus. This sudden and short visit, the advent of which watt kept a profound secret, has added not a little to the alarm and dismay of those who have seen throughout the negotiations ro:hing but the defeat and humiliation of Prussia. It is held by others to be another proof of the impossibility of I mil= between the two ministers and is considered to be the last attempt which ' Prussia will make for the purpose. I do not view the occurrence in the same light. As I have before stated I have sufficient reasous for believing the two ministers to have arrived at an understanding on the whole ques tion which is to come before the conferences, though its dettils are naturally a secret; for believing fur ther that these dejails are of such a nature that. their publication would raise a storm of opposition among the petty menarche, before the time when i• could be set aside with facility. That being the case the sud den visit of the Prussian minister must have mother cause. His equally sudden return gives us the key to it. To-morrow morn ing the Prussian chambers re-assemble after the adjournment from the 4th of December, and Herr von Nlanteulfel very probably desires to he prepared with some powerful weapon against the "pointed words" in the chamber, with which the opposition are sure to c. me plentifully armed. The finencisl colidition of the country requires the speedy aid of the parlia ment in the shape of the vote of the annual budget, without which the administration cannot be car ried on, for the treasury is exhausted, and a :quarter's salary is due from eesterday to every one of the public servants. lender these circumstances Manteuffel must wish to per suade the chambers to proceed first of all to the money question, leaving the German question and the policy of the government to be debated when that is settled. To succeed in this, however, it is absolutely indispensable that he should make some kind of satisfactory statement to the chambers, as otherwise he would bo c impelled to dissolve them, and enact unconetilutinal measures, similar to those which have disgraced the Elector of Cassel and his premier, I Ns senpflug, and his visit to Dresden was for the purpose of drawl eg up,with theassistauceof Prince Schwartzen berg, a statement which should not disturb their plans for the dyne man constitution. This is the more reason able solteion of an event which will, to-morrow morning, explain itself by the proceedings in the Prussian chambers. The wishes of the agents of the smaller states are concentratine more strongly than ever in the dualistic plan for the government of Germany, and their wishes have been so plainly hinted, that the next step must be a request to be medialized. But very few of the dukes aed grand dukes of Germany would oppose a measure of this kind, and the representatives of the majority have already clearly I expressed their opinions, that, for the sake of obtain.. ing a strong and united government in Germany, in the hands of Austria and Prussia, they will gladly consent to cede their sovereign rights and the thorny crown, the dignity of which their strength will not permit them to assert—provided they are well pro. sided for. The Great Powers will find willing sup porters in the princes of the houses of Saxe, Anhalt, Scbwarzburg, Lippe, Brunswick, Oldenburg, Items, &c., if their plans tend to the division of Germany into I two great political bodies with a united powerful head; but should th e se plans be attended with the slightest concession to the minor kings, they will meet with an equally undivided opposition. The watchword of the representatives of the smaller principalities is-- dualism and mediatisation, or the restoration of the old Bundestag. These gentlemen frequently meet to discuss their position and prospects, and until now their meetings have all displayed the greatest harmony. It is stated that the Austrian government has caused assurances to be given to the courts of Saxony, Wurtemberg, and Bavaria, that they need not be under any apprehensions for their sovereign rights. The period for which the Zollverein treaties were concluded has not long to run, and, at its expiration, unless unforeseen events occur, the Zollverein will undergo a considerable diminution in extent, if it be not altogether destroyed. For such a result Austria can well afford to make concessions of political power to Prussia, when the real source of the influence of Prussia is at the same time being undermined and threatened with der ruction. The King of Prussia and his ministers will ere long repent having pursued the political path to greatness, instead of the more solid one of commercial freedom. The political liberties which they offered to the German people have not proved more visionary /gels Jetta to the latter than they have to themselves. In ether bands the system of political and commercial freedom might, perhaps, have been combined with brilliant results. Two divisions of the Prussian army bad re ceived orders to march to Hamburg. A commission, it is said, has been appointed at Dresden, to undertake the settlement of Hessian affairs in a legal legitimate way. Same sharp outpost affairs have taken placa between the Schleswig-Holsteiners and Danes, at Mohlhorst, Hummelfeld, and Holm. The Holsteinere In all have taken in these encounters 23 prisoners, and have on their side had 16 men and two officers wounded. General Wrangel has been appointed to the command of the two diviaions of the Prussian army destined fer Hamburg. General Thiimer and Count Mensdorf, the commis.. goners to Schleswig Holstein, have arrived at Ham burg; they were expected to la, at Kiel on the 4th. At Kiel the chambers (Landeeversamlung) were to assemble on the 3rd January. There was a report that a government commission is to be formed to take the place of the Stadtholderate at this critical moment. Another report, less probable, was current