The Express. — London, England, 1846-12-05 00:00:00

' 2 be punished by act of parliament. It is made a ' crime to be inventive and industrious. The detri mental effects of excise taxation upon manufactures is well known to all who are even s uperficially ac quainted with the history of distillation glass making in this country. Some idea of the cost at which revenue is collected by the excise may be derived from the estimate which Mr. MACGREGOR, of the Board of Trade, has made (from official accounts) of the er.oring effected by emancipating from excise sur; e ys (since 1833) dealers in tea, wine, vinerre a , beer, stare, s weets. home-made , raie, and st',, t ;bottles. Th.b abolition of ana surveys , repeal of duties in the cases of these commotaies, relieved from the excise sur veys 262,191 'persons. The average expense of surveys, while the aealers in these articles re mained s ubjected to the surveillance of the excise, was upwards o per head. The expense of surveys abstracted 72k per cent. from the amount of the license duty ; the net produce was only 37k per cent. of the 401,0041. paidby the dealers. The extent of the irritation excited by this costly as inquisitor ial method of bur-gathering may be inferred from the fact that while the gross duty on vinegar was only 22,0001., to obtain this trifling amount 72,970 persons were subjected to a survey of their premises. The excise laws have of late years been repeatedly revised and greatly simplified. A return to an been order of' the House of Comm ons, which has just pub lished, presents a coup d'ccil of the improvement. The object of this document is to show how far the reforms suggested by the Excise Commissioners of 1833 have been carried into effect. The expense of collection has been considerably reduced by abo lishing unnecessary offices and reducing exorbitant salaries. By the consolidation of departments, too, much unnecessary expenditure has been curtailed. A more efficient check upon accounts has been intro s duced since the c ommissioners ceased to accountants. The provisions of the acts relating to malt, paper, soap, and bricks, have been revised and amended, considerably to the relief of the trades affected by them. The system of excise superintend ence on wine and tea has been abolis h hed : it was abolished also in th e case of tobacco, thoug a modi fied survey on that manufacture has been introduced at the suggestion of respectable persons concerned in the trade, on the disc over y of great frauds by adul teration. The excise duties on tiles, starch, stone bottles, sweets, mead, home-made wines, and some other minor articles, have been abolished. The duties on soap and paper have been reduced one- half. The excise revenue has not been diminished by these changes, though a mere glance at the amounts of revenue entered under that head in 1832 and 1844 might leave the impression that it had. The gross revenue from excise was about eigh teen millions in 1832 ; in 1844 it was about fourteen millions and a half. But it must be kept in mind that the return of 1832 included an excise duty . on tea amounting to three millions and a half, since commuted for an increased customs duty ; the duties on pepper, wine, and foreign spirits since transferred to the customs; the duties on coaches transferred to the stamps and taxes. Many important recommee.r.lons of the ext _ commissioners of 1832 remain, however, still to be complied with. Among these is the suggestion " that all excise business at t he p ort of London and the outports should be performed by customs officers." This suggestion has since been matured and expanded in a striking manner by Mr. MACGREGOR, in a valu able paper on the commercial legislation of England and America, appended to the fifteenth part of his series of commercial tariffs and regulations. The excise duties from the beginning, and the cus toms duties since the introduction of the bonded warehouse system, are purely taxes upon consump tion. At present the main difference between the excise and the customs duties is, that the former are levied upon articles of domestic produce, the latter upon foreign imports. This distinction did not always exist : tea,wine, pepper, foreign spirits, now remanded to the customs department,were formerly subjected to an excise duty. The nature of the scrutiny exercised by the customs and the excise department, if minis ters concede (as they appear prepared to concede) the just claims of the West Indians to have their sugars and molasses permitted to be used in brewing and distillation, and their rums admitted at the same rate of duty as British spirits, will not materially differ. The duties of excise and custom-house officers are essentially the same. Why then be at the expense of keeping up two establishments, when all the duties of both might be discharged by one ? Mr. MACGREGOR does not with the commissioners of 1832 merely recommend that the excise business " at London and the outports " should be performed by customs officers: he proposes—on the principle now recognised by the leading statesmen of both parties, of' taxing no article with reference to its origin—to place the collection of both classes of duties under one revenue department, efficiently and intelli gently organised. The produce of excise for the Uni ted Kingdom in 1844 was 14,488,763/. Of this sum, 953,013/. was derived from auction duty, and the duty on glass since abolished. Of the remaining thirteen and a-half millions, nine millions were produced by the duties on malt and spirits, and one million by licenses. The total customs revenue of 1844, deduct ing articles of food and duties since abolished, was twenty millions. Of this sum nineteen millions and a half were raised upon eight articles. Mr. MAC GREGOR proposes to transfer the collection of the license duties to the stamps and taxes ; to abolish all other excise duties except those upon malt and spirits; to abolish all customs duties except those upon the first eight articles of his table—coffee and cocoa, molasses and sugar, tea, foreign and colonial spirits, wine, tobacco, foreign fruits, and spices. On the expediency of limiting all indirect taxation to a few great articles, we are not prepared to express an opinion. On the economy and other advantages of bringing the levying of all our indirect taxes within the grasp of one economical department there can be little doubt. In the words of Mr. MACGREGOR :-" To render the excise as little oppressive as possible—as free from inquisitorial inter ference with labour, manufactures, and trade, we con sider that, whenever the revenue can be levied equitably, and less oppteasively, from any other source, we should abolish all the remaining excise taxes, except ing the duties on distilled spirits, malt, and licenses; and the collection of the two first of these might be transferred to one new and effwient rerenuc depart ment to replace those of the existing customs and excise, and which would collect the taxes on commo dities." The saving in collection that would be effected by this arrangement Mr. MACGREGOR estimates at half a million. THERE is nothing like demonstrative evidence. A tree is known by its fruits; and the best illustration of a system is a case of actual occurrence resulting therefrom. We have on several recent occasions shown, or endeavoured to show, the absolute neces sity of leases and tenant rights for the safety of tenant-farmers, and the consequent advancement of husbandry. Probably our arguments have been generally assented to; for the proposition that security of tenure is indispensable to the farmer must be so self-evident as to need only to be stated. It is a truism. Yet it is a most notorious fact that, at this moment, four-fifths of the tenantry of England are utterly without security. They are trusting to the accident of a good landlord. They may be subjected to the confiscation of a large portion of their capital employed in farming,—for, as a rule, tenants farm better than, in strictness, it is prudent for a yearly tenant to farm, —through the ignorance or error of their landlords, or at their caprice, or that of their agents. By a six months' notice the tenant may be turned out of his farm, and the capital he has sunk in the land must be left for the landlord. The law affords no redress to the tenant, who can do nothing bat be wail the folly of his blind confidence, and warn others against the working of a vicious system. We have lately had placed in our hands the corre spondence between a tenant who has been turned out of his farm and the landlord's agent, which affords a striking illustration of the yearly tenancy system, and must, we think, help to startle tenant-farmers into a general and active effort of self-protection. And it so happens in this case, that the landlord is a gentleman whose benevolence is notorious and active, nay, sentimental and chivalric. Mr. R. B. SHERIDAN has put himself forward as the champion of the Dor setshire peasantry. At public meetings, in parliament, and in print, his professions of zeal for the oppressed labourers, and his denunciations of those he assumes to be their oppressors, have been many, loud, and fre quent. That he should knowingly and willingly oppress his own tenant, is therefore out of the ques tion. If his tenant has been oppressed, if he has been GERMANY.—VIENNA, Nov. the expira tion of six weeks from the day of the incorporation of Cracow with the Austrian territory, goods will be imported free, but under control; for which purpose a ciirdon will be drawn on the Russian and Prussian frontiers. After the expiration of these six weeks a list will be made of all the goods which still re- Count Alexander Mensdorf left Frogmore House, Windsor, the residence or Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, yesterday, for the Isle of Wight. Sir Henry Pottinger, Governor of the Cape of Good Hope, had an interview with Rani Grey yesterday, at the Colonial-office. The Marquis of Clanricarde, Postmaster-General, arrived in town yesterday. His Lordship had an interview with Lord John Russell, at his official residence in Downing street, and also visited the Chancellor of the Exchequer. The Earl of Zetland had an interview with Sir George Grey yesterday, at the Home-office. The Marquis of Lorn had an interview yesterday - - PUNISHMENT OF DEATII.—A public meeting was held last evening, at the Music-hall, Store-street, having for its object the adoption of measures to promote the abolition of the punishment of death. As we have already reported at considerable length the proceedings of several similar meetings, • brief outline only is necessary. Mr. Charles Gilpin presided, and shortly expounded the principle on witch the society advocates the abolition of capital punish ment—that of the sanctity of human life. In allusion to the recent statement of the premier, that the treatment of cri minals was a question yet to be solved, he recommended to his lordship's attention the course pursued by the late Mrs. Fry. He expressed surprise at the tone adopted by the Morning Chronicle on this question, when the reputed pro prietor, Sir John Easthope, had voted for the abolition of capital punishment& six years ago. It might suit that paper to go back, but the public were not going back on this ques tion. (Hear.) On the committee of this society were men who had been accustomed to go from victory to victory ; amongst its members were Richard Cobden, John Bright, W. J. Fox, Charles Dickens, and Douglas Jerrold. (Loud cheers.) But, better than all, the society had right on its side. (Cheers.) —The meeting was addressed by Mr. Charles Potter, the Rev. Henry Richards, Mr J. H. Parry, Mr. F. Rowton, Mr. H. Vincent, and other gentlemen; and the same resolutions as have been adopted at previous meetings were submitted and agreed to, as were petitions to the legis lature founded thereon. ROYAL SOCIETY FOR THE PROTECTION OF LIFE Pawl Flaz.—Yesterday afternoon a meeting of the directors of this society was held at the Committee-room. From the report of the secretary, S. Low, Esq., it appears that at pre sent there are 21 escapes placed at stations in various parts are not. IMPUDENT ROBBERY.—About six &clock last WI; ing a man, dressed in a white flannel jacket. broke plel glass in the shop-window of Mr. Leach, watalwaskerm jeweller, No. 5, Great Tower-street, City, exactly GI the station-house, and took out a tray containing' ringLje, and brooches. He was immediately pursued by 1 7 0 , eon through the lanes in the immediate loiality, sr, eventually captured by police-constable 533 4 '211 -- Thames-street, who found at the robber's feet a b0 .. .y gold key and massive brooch. A diligent search bating.' nor', by the police for the remainder of the property, weans. INQUESTS YESTERDAY. MORE by DST O RS FIRE.—At the Green Man. Putney-heath, Mr r% sad , upon the body of Emma Tapping, aged three Yo" tb half, the daughter of Charles Topping , gard the de ener to 7 j Marquis of Bristol. On Tuesday the nurse left f 1 alone in the kitchen. In a few minutes screams were ur, and the poor child was found enveloped in flames died on Wednesday morning. Verdict, " Accidental di —A similar case occurred at Poplar, ending in a simile rf?' diet. The number of ouch deaths is very great. and pee' seem to become less rather than more careful on the Clibt:A: DEATH IX A WORKHOI'AE.—By Mr. Carter, in the n a r re i room of Lambeth workhouse, on the bodyA Jo e F agen ten months. After a long investigation, the turned a verdict of "Natural death, and that !req . Ty and attention had been paid to the deceased father cove inquest was holden in consequence of the pauper fath plaining that his child had not been properly att'ndedr,: the workhouse. He had an opportunity, therefore' him of substantiating his complaints. fie called all the nesse' he pleased, and cross-examined such a , h e plese,. He, indeed, was not satisfied with the verdict, but the ps'it. will place implicit reliance on the jury, and Ibr tee not only an example of a careful proviq poor,but a careful attention even to an unjust cornl' i nln MUT( FROM GOING TIIE leE.—Br Mr. a Fountain, Clapton, on the body of Alfred Jas. • 12 years. Between 8 and 9 o'clock on Wednesday mom!. deceased, who is supposed to have gone on the ire at NW!, pond, was seen, in the water, by a female of the , .7, King, and near him was his dog. She gave an al cr.; was several minutes before he was got out, as there eted drafts. Efforts to restore animation were used withou Verdict, " Accidental Death." —CRI:SIIEU AND DRO AaDbf —Also, by Mr. Baker, at the 13lockmaker's Arms . crescent, City-road, on the body of Jno. Hollow ...A On the previous morning deceased was on board a h e m lticw7l harp, in the City-basin, assisting his father, t'te the barge, removing some iron castings to the whim in th o is r bJs menu w repioc., w va ......“- -__ _ _ excise, and which would collect the taxes on comma manure after the enforced agruemeni, o. ..,-..., ... -... ____,,.. i dities." The saving in collection that would be effected had done before, nor could it be expected :he was o•d__ooknihteher airy WAX rag !Odialong, wade me men wno mut -15---- - ards 01 the different ships in the harbour with each other as to which should pay the expense ot cum- officers and thr te • pas' by this arrangement Mr. MACGREGOR estimates at then caught at a disadvantage, and he was trying to " (Hear, hear.) They showed the corporation that ' ee ra -- - ers• numerous and rapidly half a million. get back some of his own money. On the 14th of l m ustily cheerld. Her Majesty arrived at Osborne a; listing it. a quarter to two o'clock, the weather having been measures for preserving the public health were paramount A CHEAP PRESS.—What increasing agencies do . we witness around, for elevating the under* d,Mr. G r.. V2.horse power .engme,, but mdesesstrosuyeduitsmusThekpressmd,Foo, whrestr , c , are not. and in el _ _ _ — character o f modern civilisation. At no former period have wining eandida y te l April the agent sent a peremptory demand for the rent. favourable for the excursion. The boys and girls of the Sea- to the forming of new streets, and the corporation had ac- cordingly called upon the Health of Towns Association desi riblen so many influences tended to refine the tastes, to store the IMPUDENT ROBBERY.—Abont six o'lock last ele ° ; l • . THERE is nothing like demonstrative evidence. A In July, a gentleman was seen upon the farm whom men's and Marine iya 0 hen Schools wailing ged, as on her I, i n rg front of the before the Ad- through him, to submit to them a well-digested plan of re- ...„„, awned of Mr. BANKIN'!3 men suspected to be Mr. SHERIDAN, Majesty ' s form, is telaring aseat b i• the y d co y uld be i l e satis fied d o f o i ts feasibi - i s ti e nd; . to lu dev an elose s a t nd th i e n sa vr e rt i te me the t jn a t d ellec to tu t li e l psouzefurastos , glees is f ing a mans,hdremsl_inaidwhite of Mr. jack i e s t.. , b s te r : s c or a m h: tree is known by its fruits; and the best illustration of a system is a case of actual occurrence resulting therefrom. We have on several recent occasions shown, or endeavoured to show, the absolute neces- sity of leases and tenant rights for the safety of and they having informed their master, he went, and f the fi t time or rs spoke to his landlord. The conver- miralty ouse, the boys dressed in sailors' attire and the girls in warm blue cloaks. The admiral's hand wee lit ._ , stationed in front of his house, and played the National Air Proviug cation naturally was not a pleasant one, and on the on her Majesty's arrival. Liberal arrangements were mad 27th of July, th e t enan t addressed a letter to his for tb s. e h a u dnu us 'esion o ss f s ters i o e ns usu i s n e to sh th e e yard, and her Majesty r• Guy the abodes of the poor of the metropolis. (Hea e The Rev. E. Bxtee, Rector of Rotherhithe, moved, sod D • seconded, a vote of ks to the noble lord in the should dinned be borne in mind, tee, that these increased advent the station-house, and took out a tray cont tages have been amompanied by an increased economy of and brooches. He was immediately pursued -t _, e s strict order preserved, chair, whose presence the regarded as an omen of success . expense to those who are generally benefited by them. son through the lanes in the immediate loc.alite.sta tiactßC73 landlord stating s grievances . the Of this letter Mr. ons There has been one remarkable exception to this rule. While eventually captured by police-constable 33 3 M nii tenant-farmers, and the consequent advancement of —Hie lordship returned t anks, and, after an intimation es rej husbandry. Probably our arguments have been SneltAri to o k notice. On 3rd of Auguste although hundreds wit h the(gratification of beholding their sovereign. The preparations were exceedingly effective, and from Mr. Fletcher, that the transactions of the statistical these , aze s lio b rzting movements have been going on around, Thames-street, who found at the robber's feet a bees h. mceti i generally assented to; for the proposition that security m andate . was si dresse ie d by ai wii t o m bl e d h the tetitt to the em e rn' : i t al r t t e u i l er matter.a n d Tj o l u Ott.:lL-at ti t i e e n:llt, wel thaelfjecatstainoefdedralitiovnairnre information :l i r worthy c°nnect u e s dzsi u th g m Dr. Smith, that he had received a letter fined be e n re efita supplied by the ly iss any , mp i t s z s a i t u io uu n n *sifissvtuliseyciossut not sf con- th by d sh k e e f y .d ii i n ce d fmdsartverebuiroatsicuhd.es of.ei dsill,iegiesnrutisseeftsrenh b:ta l uilb: j : r " r r w l to the faM, rt • , of tenure is indispensable to the farmer must be ° agent so self-evident as to need only to be stated. It is a was written truism. Yet it is a moat notorious fact that, at this moment, four-fi ft hs of the tenantry of England are his partner utterly without security. They are trusting to the m t te to th e te r rant. And a agreementsome I)/ the agent on August 10. On the 17th and . in every direction where her Majesty passed, demon - circu , TORS. senior of the agen t, Mr. TimiNE, calling to WINDSOR, FRIDAY E E t 1.8 considerea the lon s tandin g ree familywiththeneglected, in no trifling degree, to the °access. de-YESTERDAY . connexioncontinue,probable, interference, to allow Mr. BANKIN to re • t a m House, until the end of next week. It is stated to be the PUNISHMENT OF DEATII —A public meeting was nouneers of taxation ; and a wor ld of eloquence has been alone in the kitchen. In a few minutes screams were to; . 11 eix I to the confiscation of a large portion of their capital r a employed in farming,—for, as a rule, tenants farm at ' all events one of the farms. That letter, which is too I f o long for columns, unhappily illustrates the intention of her Majesty and his Royal Highness Prime Albert, to honour the Smithfield Club Cattle Show with their presence, immediately upon the return of the court to 0 held last evening , - at the Music:hall S wasted upon the necessities that might have been lessened and the poor child * was found enveloped in flames '... t : gaed ,to t having for or supplied A 1 hth - ~,i &Olt . t engt e public are beginning to open died on Wednesday morning. Verdict, " Accident .... Lon of it i s t o h b e je p c a t n tb s e ad c egt , i ) o f n e ll;!eatres we to l2 - T ro c m:ltereatic; a rv be p l i t t lo c i c a l their pes ex; u t p e o r n e lh d e su d bject; and to discover that a cheap —A similar cue occurred at Poplar, ending in a si s reag::, toi l the h better than, in strictness, it is prudent for a yearly . relations of landlord and tenant of such Windsor. an im portt:u s iziliary to 7 : : : , ,... 1 diet. The number of such deaths is very great , . ( e l 4rr tenant to farm, —through the ignorance or error of .-7.-w. at considerable length the proceedings of several similar social and intellectual pr e 511 A teC oa, in England. THE PRINCE CONSORT'S FAT CATTLE. —Four t..- s si teg eat 1 1 1 their landlords, or at their caprice , or that of their wide prevalence a brief outline only is neceasag. Mr. Charles the experiment had to encoMder, is radry g l ivin e g wa ' T , c • DETT t° II IN AMleSloessiticrauth,!crythanßmolcuce. af;itieron,,, he ~.... hie b e Mr. PEAR replied in a more kindly spirit than is splendid beasts, CE fattened by his Royal Highness. Prince me etings , s' dal and shortly expounded e Fel agents. By a six months' notice the tenant may principle on for experience has already proved that a newspaper may b e room of Lambeth workhouse, y on the body of Jas t ie j —s. tin his partner's letters, but declined, on Albert, upon Flemish Farm, near Windsor, will be exhibited : which I. society ' advocates The abolition of °orY f e• fril ) turned out of his farm, and the capital he has sunk in apparent at the ensuing Smithfield Club Cattle Show. They have published at 3d., and still possess all the ability , and effi- have, went — t h a t of the sanctit of human life. In ° 2 Oto punish-agen ten months. After a long investigation, th his great sure and practical retirement the land must be left for the landlord. The law affords account of - -t o-, - been pronounced by several competent judges, to be worthy . Y . the the ciency of one double the price. The Daily Ames was turnedverdict f"N ral d th and that ever?' els Old now Tla no redress to the tenant, who can do nothing bat be- frem ec ae l tiy d e he t business to interfere . Valuers were then of the highest commendation. Two of them, West Highland recent stateme nt of the yetpre:iumer, that treatment of cri- the first to bring the principle to a Lest ; and sad atten a attention o been . to e i paid a to the a deceased chi ld.' R, t nam an t valuation was made according tothe terms Heifers, were sent off this morning for Baker-street. The urinals - be solved, he recommended to though its cereer has not yet been a lengthy one, it has inquest 1 ' the Pe father cod ge 4 , i inquest was hoiden in consequence of epa , rd to 'wail the folly of his blind confidence, and warn others lordship ' s attention the course pursued by the late Mrs. been sufficiently so to race render its ultimate success no longer a • • save ..._, planting that his child had not been properly ° of the agreement of 1841, and it will surprise no one largest butcher in Windsor, has offered Major-General Fry .He expressed • surprise at the tone adopted by the matter of doubt. It h lately bee n unfit against the working of a vicious system. ] g y m that tho tenant, whose capital had been Wemyess at the rate of Ss. r, per stone, for both of them ; Morning Chronicle on this question, when the reputed pro- strength of the London as opposed by the united the workhouse. He had an opportunity, therefore , sr,7_ ..._ 1 We have lately had placed in our hands the eorre- t° spondence between a tenant who has been turned out appropriated and annexed to the estate , had to pav a an offer which has been declined . The four beasts have --- . - c ...,: :_ and - been fed entirely on oil cake , turnips, tares, bay, meal, and prictor , Sir John Easthope had voted for the boll • of apitalpunishmente six years ' ago. It might suit that hoe morning newspapers, but the only him of substantiating his complaints. He called all ID' 4 . 1 um You( apparent result of this com`sination upon the Daily ~•ctas nesses he pleased, and cross-examined such as he ple ,, s,. .eg tl 1 of his farm and the landlord's agent, which affords a striking illustration of the yearly tenancy system, and forth . torn further sum After several ;. Is. for r passed, o `"- `1 so potatoes. Some Bedfordshire and Suffolk pigs, bred by his agent Royal Highness at the dairy , in the Home-park Windsor , • I demands the ] effete amount of valuation , - will • 'red is Baker - street . ' the . on this clues- of increased ability. For our ownpart, " hon. (Hear.) On the committee of this society were men differ fro • • He, indeed, was not satisfied with the verdict, but they _., w • CLL i though we may will place implicit reliance on the jury, and Et' • f er de • Lam many of the opinions held by the Daily News t 1 1 f careful provi•on Oh., a must, we think, help to startle tenant-farmers into a perem i p s ton e y ema l. who bad been accustomed to go from victory to victory ; we gladly bear our humble testimony to the extreme efil, no oral an an exam ] e . o a carc an un . _,...... h i 1i h-..• , c.: t, 6 I general and active effort of self-protection. And it so happens in this case, that the landlord is 1 • ~ To Ili * th - tenant rep ies that he will pay the money in London or at Bamford market, as may be desired Count Alexander Mensdorf le ft Frogmen , Windsor, the residence or Her Royal Highness the Duchess House, amongst its members were Richard Cobden, John Bright, ciency with which it h W. J. Fox, Charles Dickens, and Douglas Jerrold. (Loud and cordially do cheers.) But, better than all, the society had right on its awaits it,btin werejoice , poor,but a careful attention even to 1 s.'''''"". a t de as been conducted ; and eineerely D FAT!! FROM GOING ON TILE IVE —l3" hr. llsker, sk-, I h Cooks , m Lords * not simply in the success which Fountain, Clayton , on the ball• of Alfred Jas. . a gentleman whose benevolence is notorious and *active, So ends this " eventful, bi%as the te . nant-ftirm 111 too well know, by im means ngeb: r9%.' lir it ..; - - of Kent, yesterilay,.for the Isle of Wight. Sir Henry Potanger, Dovernor of the Cape of iiooo . aide. (Cheers.) —The meeting wu addressed Isy Mr. Charles bodiment of princi i ples holi the success it has achieved. It is the em- 12 years. Between 8 and 9 o'clock on Wednessla)ta!n: Mori , er and more universal in their decea.sed, who is supposed to have gone on the irc h a s Cis'it rg. 1 nay, sentimental and chivalric. Mr. R. B. SHERIDAN has put himself forward as the champion of the Dor- setshire peasantry. At public meetings, in parliament, and in print, his professions of zeal for the oppressed limits will not permit us on this occasion to Offer any comments. _._ _.-- --.— l_lope , . had an interview with I Grey yesterday, at the Colonial -office. The Marquis of Clanricarde, Postmaster-General, • arrived in town yesterday. His Lordship had an interview lature founded thereon Potter, the Rev. Henry Richards, Mr J. H. Parry, Mr. F. sympathies, and Rowton, Mr. H. Vincent, and other gentlemen ; and the the mere dogmas or any more same resolutions as have been adopted at previous meetings a struggle that will were submitted and agreed to, as were petitions to the le important their results, than pond, was seen, in the water, by a female of t . TIT:0 ble - ur p e o political creed. It has commenced king, and near him was his dog. She gave an aline , "" io as there were for society the humanizing Ales- was several minutes before he seas got ou t , . 0 , e ft‘ GC of lairs sings and elevating tendencies of cheap knowledge.—Liver- . usedivi- "t drege. Efforts to restore animation were rnicitsso GERMANY.—VIENNA, Nov. 24.—Ti1l the expira- pool Weekly News. labourers, and his denunciations of those he assumes to with Lord John Russell, at his official residence in Downing- ROYAL SOCIETY FOR THE PROTECTION OF L Verdi& " Accidental Death." —C et• oit sit) AND win 4 the a tion of six weeks from the day of the incorpmation ef Cracow str eet , an d also visited the Chancellor of the Exchequer , IFE POSTAL COMMUNICATION WITH THE ISLE OF — Also, " by Mr. Baker, at the Illockmaker'e Arms, 01,... f be their oppressors, have been many, loud, and ire racist Fiaz.— Yesterday afternoon a meeting of the directors MAN A but memorial from the inhabitants of the Isle of Man crescent , City-road, on the body of Jno. Holloway. r etr o, , roe goods will be imported free, b be The Earl of Zetland had an interview with Sir of this society was held at the Committee-room. From the has * *-- ) ; 1 quent. That he should kuowing y and f willin l with the Austrian territory, ~ g y under e for which rte &cordon will drawn on the been presented to the Marquis decease d n board tee of war of Clannearde, the Poet- On the previous morning w 9 '"father,to IVY.- .. I oppress his own tenant, is therefore out of the clues- Ruseian and Prussian froc u ti r era. After the expiration of these George Grey yehterdal o at the Home-office. report of the secretary, S. Low Esq., it appears that at pre- master-General sta • tang that a letterin London or harp, in the City-basin, avisting his. _ h bis which still re• The Marquis of rn had an interview yesterday sent there are 21 escapes placed ' at stations in various parts Dublin on a Friday ' tion. If his tenant has been oppressed, if he has been six weeks a list will be made of all the goods morning is seldom posted ered in Douglas the barge, io,removing some iron castings to to° " 1 • , • . . • `5. -- / .• . .• • t est ill e yt .un t h t k r i a pt c divert e d iti e :b. e cand ida te e a'n A, ' l,esc e a— i e i re, t a szt ß i,, i c i o Gnait e e . ii tr t , i,4,, '' es MI h. Jour; 1 ved w meeti 'II 6p( ton of tthet Nance e siNigent e hal Stad : R o e; w i i nee undf •a Ron . .ng tl eta eyed I Ow, I b Lords 11101 . 11 , i lifig, t able i aloe t. of ti bod win • ,the w ; , &or r i was • ,e. ',- THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EvENING, DECEMBER 5, 1846. ---------- stripped of a considezable portion of his capital by an act of his landlord, the fault must be that of the system. A landowner, professing so much sentiment, of such earnest benevolence in Dor setshire, can never be an oppressor in Essex. The scene may change, but the warm-hearted philanthro piat will not be less benevolent in the Beat than in the West. The following quotations from the con respondence, therefore, will eminently illustrate the system. T .. 1, appears filet about ten years ago, Mr. SHERIDAN, in right of his wife we believe, came into possessie,A a farm at Upmineter, in Essex, near Homier& 'fhe farm, or rather the two farms, consisted of 243 acres, and was then occupied by Mr. Jour; BA:AKIN, as a yearly tenant, at the rent, ultimately, of 3351. Mr. I3ANYIN had succeeded his father, who had occupied the same farm for forty-four years. Here we have a case in which, if ever, a feeling of " mutual confidence" might be supposed to have been created between landlord and tenant. When Mr. BANKIN came into the occupation he had no agree ment or lease of any kind, but he entered according to the custom of the co untr y , that is, " paying for all f a llow', hay, straw, dung, compost, &c.," and of course entitled to quit,—though the idea of quitting never seems to have flitted across the tenant's mind,— upon the like terms of beint paid for all fellows, hay, straw, dung, compost, &c. He promised the landlord's agent to farm, at least as well as his father had done, and he amply redeemed his promise ; for, up to the year 1841, he had brought upon the far m,i manure to the value of 1,0001., beyond an equivalent for the produce sold off, according to the course of hus bandry in the neighbourhood. In one year he paid a bill of 2501. for lime, most of which was bestowed on these farms. "During the three years preceding 1841, he had often as many as five teams on the road at once, fetching home manure." He had drained a considerable part of the land ; he had laid out more than 1001. in erecting buildings and sheds for stock; he had been in the habit of expending yearly in labour from 5001. to 7001., or something like double the amount of his rent ; and his father and himself had converted 43 acres of poor arable land into useful meadows, at an expense of from 81. to 101. per acre. Before the last-mentioned improvement there were only fourteen acres of meadow land on the two farms, so that the increase of permanent value given to the; estate by the convenience of addi tional meadows is considerable. His rent, rates, and tithes had all been raised in consequence of these improvements ; his landlord's agent had repeatedly ex pressed his approbation of the way in which the land had been farmed, nay had even *entreated it advantageously with the farming of another tenant. In 1840, it would seem, the tenant conceived that he was entitled to reap somewhat where he had sown, and then the landlord's agent required him, under threat of an immediate notice to quit, to sign an agree ment, which virtually made over to the landlord at once and for ever the whole of the capital Mr. RANKIN had expended in the improvement of the farm. Having . got up the farm to a comparatively high state of cultivation, he was compelled by his new agree ment to keep it up to that standard without any right to claim one shilling of the sum he had expended in getting the farm up. Now it can never be suspected that a respectable agent, and a landlord of sentiment and benevolence, could have intended anything of the sort, but the effect of this operation was to deprive the tenant of just so much capital as he had invested in improve ment, and that without compensation. Here there should have been a law of tenant-right to interpose. This new agreement, signed under compulsion, was dated in October, 1841, and its simple object was to impose on the tenant restrictions to which, as occupying under the custom of the country--that is, without any special stipulations—he had not been before subject. The landlord agreed to let the farm to the tenant from year to year, precisely as he stood before as to tenure without any agreement, and the rent, which by ge neral custom is payable half-yearly, was made payable quarterly. This will be a point not without significance, when we shall sec the subsequent correspondence. Then bearing in mind that the tenant had entered on the terms of paying for " all fellows, hay, straw, dung,and compost, &c.," and that he had been farming with the imagined right to be paid for the same things should he leave the farm. The substance of the agreement was, that the tenant should " consume I upon the farm all the hay, straw, halm, stover, tur mps, &c., arising from it, and leave all the muck arising therefrom in the yards, for the benefit of the landlord, or the incoming tenant, without any allow ance for so doing ;" and, also, "not to mow more than one-third of the pasture land in any one year." Here then he was committed. By signing that agree ment he virtually transferred to his land all the capi tal he had expended in improvement. But what could he do? It might have been taken at once with the strong hand, and under the threat of having it so taken, he signed the agreement. Humble and sub servient as farmers too generally are, and Mr. BANJOS seems to have been duly impres sed with the I duty of humility towards his landlord, such a vena -1 action as this could not take place without some jar to " mutual confidence," the entente cordiale be tween landlord and tenant. At all events, the tenant began to think it time to look out for himself. He took off more produce, and carried on less manure, than he had previously done ; in short he endeavoured to yet back his own capital. That, however, he had by a stroke of the pen transferred, though without consideration, to his landlord; and the land-agent, who thought it proper to require such new agreement from the tenant, naturally insisted on its enforcement, after signing the agreement, the exclusive right of shooting, which Mr. BANKIN and his father had always enjoyed, and which, in this case, formed a source of both pleasure and advantage to the tenant, was taken away. Of course there was much complaint and dissatisfaction between the tenant and the land agent, fur, up to July last, the tenant had never seen his landlord. Matters went on, however, until March last, when the tenant received a cavalier notice to attend the land agent for the purpose of being served with a notice to quit. After receiving the notice to quit, Ma. BANKIN, on the 23rd of March, wrote to Mr. THYNNE, the agent, setting forth the hardship of turning him out after he had so much improved the farm. To this Mr. BaasiN received from Mr. TnraNE a letter, which intimates his intention to enforce the terms of the signed agreement, being, of course, by law, entitled so to do. Mr. BANKIN does not pretend that he brought back manure after the enforced agreement of 1841, as he had done before, nor could it be expected : he was then caught at a disadvantage, and he was trying to get back some of his own money. On the 14th of April the agent sent a peremptory demand for the rent. In July, a gentleman was seen upon the farm whom Mr. BANKIN'S men suspected to be Mr. SHERIDAN, and they having informed their master, he went, and for the first time spoke to his landlord. The conver sation naturally was not a pleasant one, and on the 27th of July, the tenant addressed a letter to his landlord stating his grievances. Of this letter Mr. SHERIDAN took no notice. On the 3rd of August a mandate to observe the agreement was addressed by the agent to the tenant. And a somewhat similar letter was written by the agent on August 10. On the 17th of Aug. Mr. BANKIN addressed to Mr. PEARCE, the senior partner of the agent, Mr. THYNNE, calling to his recollection the long standing connexion of the tenant's family with the estate, and requesting Mr. PEARCE'S interference, to allow Mr. BANKIN to retain at all events one of the farms. That letter, which is too long for our columns, unhappily illustrates the semi-feudal relations of landlord ancl tenant of such wide prevalence in England. Mr. PEARCE replied in a more kindly spirit than is apparent in his partner's letters, but declined, on account of his great age, and practical retirement from active business, to interfere. Valuers were then namedand the valuation was made according tothe terms of the agreement of 1841, and it will surprise no one to learn that the tenant, whose capital had been appropriated and annexed to the estate, had to pay a further sum of 238/. 13e. for cross-c rop p ing iset and so f or th. A ft er several letters hnd the agent peremptorily demands the amount of the valuation. To this the tenant replies that he will pay the money in London or at Rumford market, as may be desired. So ends this "eventful," but, as the tenant-farmers too well know, by no means " strange . history." Our limits will not permit us on this occasion to offer any —"lents. main ; and from that time nothing be admitted free of duty. AU goods which remain at the end of nine month be ~ not bar log paid duty, will either have to pay duty, or sent abroad. With respect to the future commercial relations and customs of Cracow, we flea the following statement in letters from Breslau of Nov. '. .0 ; " Accordiug to accounts received this day from Berlin, t;ne deputation from this city has bad several conferences , among others, with the Minister of Finance. is unfavourable to our city The resu": 4 we are sorry to say, and to tit provinces, for the Minister a Finance only kl^",es that the conditions of the incorporat. A mtion o te f Cracow '''.tk the Austrian territory are :—litodera transit duty through the territory of Cracow. 2nd. The permis sion to have magazines for transit goods in Cracow itself ; and, lastly, the junction of the railway. The deputation afterwards had an audience of his Majesty the King." It appear' from this that the trade with Cracow is lost to no, , since goods will he liable to pay duty according to the Aus trian tariff. ----------=-------- 16bt QVOUTt. THE ROYAL VISIT TO ARUNDEL CASTLE. ARUNDEL, FRIDAY.—The Queen has expressed her self highly pleased by the visit to Petworth House yesterday, and his Royal Highness the Prince Consort was equally gratified in viewing the rare assemblage of works of art brought together in that splendid seat. Colonel and Mrs. Wyndhiun received the illustrious party. Her Majesty and the Royal Prince were conducted over the principal suite of rooms by the gallant colonel and Mrs. Wyndham. Petworth House was bequeathed to Colonel Wyndham by his father, the late Earl of Egremont. The mansion, a modern building, is in na particular remarkable for its architectural elegance; but its size renders it imposing to the eye of a stranger. It is surrounded by a beautiful park, more than twelve miles in circumference, and according to a popular author, " Nature must have formed it when in one of her sportive moods." The interior of the mansion fully compensates for the absence of elegance in the exterior. All the principal rooms are spacious and of noble propor tions, and the different apartments abound with works of art and vertu. The " Carved-room," as it is called, is the grand object of admiration, and, as might be imagined from its name, contains some of the most exquisite wood carvings by the famous and inimitable Grialing Gibbons. It is recorded that while the work was in progress a fire occurred, and in saving one of those superb carved festoons which embellish the room, Selden, a favourite pupil of Gibbons, lost his life from the conflagration. The Prince greatly admired the room and remained in it some considerable time. A fine collection of portraits is hung in the room, the carved frames being unadorned by the hand of the gilder. In the other saloons are numerous antique statues. There are also selections from the best productions of English sculptors. The Prince and her Majesty greatly admired Flaxman's beautiful group of " Satan and the A rc h a ngel Michael," and his graceful " Apollo." Carew has contributed some of his best works. A large number of paintings by Ruben', Claude, Cuyp, and the old masters, are deposited there, as well as a valuable collection of the works of Reynolds, Gainsborough, Romsey, Callcott, Fuseli, Hilton, Leslie, and Turner. Pctworth House is celebrated for its matchless series of portraits of the Percy's, to whom Petworth originally belonged, by Vandyke. When the Percy family became extinct, Petworth passed by marriage to Charles Seymour, Duke of Somerset, through whose second daughter it came into the possession of the Wyndham family. Her Majesty and Prince Consort, on leaving, gave expression to the pleasure they had derived from the visit. After planting the trees yesterday, and visiting the ancient church, her Majesty was conducted by the Duke of Norfolk to the Fitzalan chapel, where are deposited a long line of gallant warriors of the Fitzalan family. The interior of the building is in decay, and differs very little from the condition in which it was left by the soldiers of Oliver Cromwell, who deprived the splendid tombs of all their enrichments, and desecrated it by converting it into a stable. Her Majesty's notice was attracted to the fact that three stone altars within the chapels escaped the soldiers, and have survived the Re- formation. The Duke of Wellington rode outyeaterday to Littlehamp ton, and visited the battery at the mouth of the river Arun. His Grace was accompanied by the Countess of Ent smere. The Diatin family, the well-known performers on the sax horns, were introduced in the evening, and had the honour to play a selection of their favourite pieces to the royal circle. Her Majesty and the illustriou s p art y , in the course of the evening joined in a " carpet dance, the Queen and the Earl of Arundel and Surrey opening the quadrille with Prince Albert and Lady Adeliza Howard vie-a-ris. A country dance took place in the library, comprising eleven couple. Her Majesty gave her hand ta the Duke of Norfolk, and Prince Albert danced with Lady Mary Howard. After partaking of refreshments in the corridor at twelve o'clock, the festivities terminated by the retirement of her Majesty and the Prince Consort. This morning the Duke of Wellington. took his departure for town shortly after nine o'clock. Lord and Lady John Rll left for the metropolis previous to the departure of her usse Majesty, and Viscount and Viscountess Palmerston closed their visit this afternoon. Punctually at ten o'clock, the Queen, attended by the Duke of Norfolk, followed by Prince Albert aid the Duchess of Norfolk, descended from the staircase, and after taking a final leave of the Duchess, her Majesty and Prince Consort entered the carriage, t i ne band instantly striking up the na tional anthem. A royal salute was fired from the artillery in the park on the departure of the august visitors, and the royal standard, which had floated from the keep, was lowered as the royal carriage passed the precincts of the castle. The Dille of Norfolk preceded the Queen on horseback as far as Chichester, and was afterwards to accompany her Majesty to Portsmouth. At the lodge gate at Arundel an escort of the Yeomanry Cavalry was ranged on each side, commanded by the Earl of Arundel and Surrey, and as the royal cortige merged from the entrance to the castle her Majesty and her royal husband were enthusiastically received by the crowd of spectators that had gathered there. The I escort immediately formed round the royal carriage. and amidst the reiterated cheers of the populace the cavalcade proceeded on the journey to Chichester at a brisk pace. The hospitality of the Duke and Duchess of Norfolk has been of the most princely character, but devoid of anything approaching extravagant parade. The noble duke and duchess, while engrossed in offering proper respect to the sovereign and her illustrious consort, were not unmindful of the poor, who have bountifully shared their munificence. In- A strong body of the me tropolitan police force under Spector Otway have been on duty at the !Castle during the Queen's visit. Through their vigilance five of the swell mob " were detected on Tuesday last, and expelled from the neighbourhood. PORTSMOUTH, DEC. 4.—HER MAJESTY'S RETURN. —Her Majesty and suite arrived this morning at the dock yard at a few minutes before one, and proceeded to the King's-stairs, passing the Admiralty-house. On arriving at the entrance gate, Major-General Sir H. Pakenham, halted to ascertain if her Majesty had any commands, but the answer was in the negative, and the cavalcade proceeded onward to the King's-stairs. The royal standard was ready, as was everything else, in the event of her Majesty honour ing the admiral by viewing the suite of rooms, which, at a few minutes notice, may on any occasion that her Majesty requires them, be made fit for her reception. An escort of Lancers accompanied her Majesty to the King's-stairs, where a guard of honour, supplied by the Royal Marine Artillery, with Col. Gibson and Adjutant Savage, accompanied by the Royal Marine band, was stationed. Her Majesty was received by Admiral J. C. Ogle, Admiral Sir Hyde Parker, John Fincham, master shipwright, C. Brown, Esq., master attendant, Capt. Pasco, Capt. Chads,Capt. Wilson, ILA., Capt. James, R.E., and a great number of other officers. Her Maj leave of his Grace the Duke of Norfolk, bow ing to the different officers, descended the steps with Prince rt Albe, and entered the royal barge, steered by Lord Adol phus Fitz-Clarence, amid the cheers of the standee by and the cheering sounds of the music. The dockyard band also attended, arid the singers selected from the workmen of the yard sung with most expressive loyalty — God save the Queen Long live the Queen! May her reign be prosperous Vittoria reigns! May her reign be prosperous! Her Majesty embarked at five minutes to one, and at one o'clock the Fairy was gliding along, while the men who had manned the yards of the different ships in the harbour, lustily cheered. Her Majesty , arrived at Osborne at a quarter to two o'clock, the weather having been favourable for the excursion. The boys and girls of the Sea men's and Marine Orphan Schools were arranged, as on her Majesty's arrival, in front of the railing before the Ad miralty House, the boys dressed in sailors' attire and the girls in warm blue cloaks. The admiral's band was stationed in front of his house, and played the National Air on her Majesty's arrival. Liberal arrangements were made for the admission of persons into the yard, and her Majesty must have seen with pleasure the strict order preserved, although hundreds had the gratification of beholding their _sovereign. The preparations were exceedingly effective, and did much credit to the master-builder and master-attendant, who had the arrangement of the matter. Outside the gates, and in every direction where her Majesty passed, demon strations of loyalty were numerous. WINDSOR, FRIDAY EVENING.—It is considered extremely probable, should the present favourable weather continue, that her Majesty may prolong her stay at Osborne House, until the end of next week. It is stated to be the intention of her Majesty and his Royal Highness Prince Albert, to honour the Smithfield Club Cattle Show with their presence, immediately upon the return of the court to Windsor. THE PRINCE CONSORT'S FAT CATTLE. Four splendid beasts, fattened by his Royal Highnesa Prince Albert, upon Flemish Farm, near Windsor, will be exhibited at the ensuing Smithfield Club Cattle Show. They have been pronounced by several competent judges, to be worthy of the highest commendation. Two of them, West Highland Heifers, were sent off this morning for Baker-street. The largest butcher in Windsor, has offered Major-General Wemyess at the rate of ss. 6d. per stone, for both of them; an offer which has been declined. The four beasts have been fed entirely on oil-cake, turnips, tares, hay, meal, and potatoes. Some Bedfordshire and Suffolk pigs, bred by his Royal Highness at the dairy, in the Home-park, Windsor, will also be exhibited in Baker-street. with Earl Grey. Sir De Lacy Evans had also an interview with the Noble Lord. Mr: John Wood, Chairman of the Excise, had an interview with the Chancellor of the Exchequer yesterday, at his official residence in Downing-street. Major Brand reth bad also an interview with the Right Hon. Gentleman yesterday. Despatches were sent off yesterday evening from the Colonial -office for the Governor of the Falkland Islands. Lord and Lady John Russell returned to thei t r re sidence in Chesham - place y esterda y afternoon, from a viai to the Duke of Norfolk, at Arundel Castle, Sussex. REPEAL OF TEE TEA DUTIES.—The Mercury of yesterdaT. sari that deputations fro the m Tea the var i o us meetings 11 7...0 in Liverpool, respecting Duties, left ;or London yesterday evening. Lord John Russell has appointed to meet them, and also deputations from Manchester, Glasgow, Dublin, Leith, and other im portant towns, at one o'clock to-clay, in Downing-street. Lord J. Russell expressly requested that the number of deputies from each aisociation might be limited to three. OFFICE OF ORDNANCE, Dec. I. G,rpe of Royal Engineets—See Lieut. C. S. Akers to be ate. lieut., vice Luyken, oc. Lirerpo9 l HEALTH OF TOWNS ASSOCIATION. A meeting of this association was held yesterday at the rooms of the Statistical Society, St. James's-square, to receive a report from the deputation appointed to Wait on Sir G. Grey, to decide on the measures to be adopted to fur ther the general objects of the associatirn, and especially to secure for the metropolis a sound sanitary measure. The objects of the association me— t. To diffuse among the people the valuable information elicited by r ecent inquiries, and the advancement of science, as to the physical and moral evils that result from the present defective sewerage, drainage,%upply of water, air, and light, and construction of dwelling houses. 2. To correct misconception as to the expense of the requi site measures, and to remove groundless apprehension as to interfe rence with existing pecuniary interests. 3. To devise and to endea vour to obtain some better means than at present exist, for the inves tigation of the causes of mortality in any locality, and for the more effectual protection of the public by the prompt removal of those noxious causes which are proved to be removable. 4. To facilitate legislative enactments and their application, by the diffusion of sani tary information bearing on the several points. And 5. To encourage the establishment of branch or auxiliary associations, not merely with a view to the local benefit that must thence arise, but also as the means of obtaining a larger amount of funds, and a more extended field of WiCtuiness. - Lord ASHLEY, on taking the chair, informed the meetinj, that the deputation, viedh he was the head, had been most favourably rece by Sir G. Grey and Lord idor peth. Having stated their objects, Sir G. Grey assured them in reply, although he did not wish to bind himself to any definite details, that the government bad taken the matter into their serious consideration, and had prepared a bill which would he laid upon the table of the house, im mediately after the meeting of parliament. The right hon. hart. added, moreover, that the metropolis would be included in whatever legislative measure might be proposed. (Rear.) Now, although he (Lord Ashley) was quite sure that the F overnment were mast willing and perfectly sincere in their intention to introduce a measure upon the subject, yet seeing that they were likely to meet with great ob struction in different parts of the country, it was most essential that they should be fortified before parliament, with an expression of public sympathy and support. He therefore called upon the members of that association and others, to endeavour to give a general circulation to those reports which contained accounts of the condition of the working classes, in order that the real feeling of the country might be made known to parliament, on this important subject, through the medium of petitions. (Hear.) lie would call in particular upon medical soon, and the ministers of religion of all persuasions, to lend their assistance to the association. They, by the nature of their professions, were better acquainted than any other class of men in the community with the real state of this great moral and physical ques tion ; and he sincerely hoped they would stir up all these over whom they could ex, rase any influence, to make known to the government and to parliament the real feeling of the public in reference to what might be considered almost the greatest of the social questions of the day. (Hear, hear.) Mr. li. Riot reiterated the sentiments expressed by his lordship, and suggested, in order the more effectually to carry them into effect, that a committee might be appointed which should make itself acquainted with the names and residences of the ministers of the different parishes, and also of those of many medical men, so as to bring the question more directly and forcibly under their consideration, and obtain from them information which might be useful in advancing the question in parliament; or at lmst of arousing the attention of their respective districts to the subject. They might also obtain the co-operation of boards of guardians; but their first step ought, in his opinion, to be, to put themselves in communi cation with the ministers of religion and of health. They had opposed to them the several sewage companies; but with such an overpowering mass of evidence in favour of a sanitary measure, and the good that was sure to result from it, with also the feeling of the country in their favour, of which he had no doubt, he thought they might fully calcu late upon seeing their exertions brought to a successful issue. (Hear, bear.) He had great pleasure in moving— That this meeting pledges itself to use every exertion to enable the inhabitants of the metropolis to give expression to the sentiments which they arc believed to entertain in favour of a sound sanitary measure. The Rev. Mr. LUSIONAN, in seconding the resolution, expressed his great satisfaction at hearing that the metro polis would be included in any government measure. What he considered a great error in Lord Lincoln's bill would thus be rectified, and the metropolis saved from the disgrace of having crowds of its inhabitants in a state of spiritual, arising out of a state of moral degradation. (Hear.) The resolution having been agreed to, the lion. F. Byug moved — That it Is expedient at the present tine to extend and redouble the efforts of the association, in diffusing nformation on sanitary measures, especially among the inhabitants of the metropolis ; and that with this view, the sub-committee be requested to draw tip some short and cheap summaries of the winding evils and their remedies, to be circulated as extensively as possible in every part of London, and among every class of its inhabitants. lie quite approved of the idea of collecting information from particular districts or parishes. He had done so in the parish they were then assembled in, and he considered it of importance that the results should be publicly made known, in the hope that those legislators, and other re• spomible parties resident within it, would be induced to assist in the passing of a general measure, containing a remedy for such a state of things as this in one of the richest parts of the metropolis, viz., that in 4,000 tenements there were no less than 30,000 occupants. (Hear.) Mr. TOOKE, F.R.S. having seconded the resolution, it was unanimously adopted. Mr. R. CLUTTERBUCK moved — That as those extended efforts will entail apna the association in creased expense, the su.....oommittee be authorised to organise a plan by which to raise the necessary funds. Dr. LYNCH, in seconding the resolution, ventured to hope that the " necessary funds" would be very soon forthcoming , as those who had it in their power to supply them must know and feel that they were only giving to the poor, and contributing to leave their fellow-creatures better than they found them. indeed, wherever he went of late, he perceived that sanitary reform was the order of the day; and the evidence in favour of such a measure was so incon trovertible, that if public attention were once fully directed to it, it would doubtless be the means of enlisting every man of proper feeling in the cause. (Hear.) When he and a few others first began to give an account of their visits to the homes of the poor in the ward of Far ringdon Without, containing 33,000 inhabitants, the de scriptions were denounced as gross exaggerations, and the offspring of a diseased fancy. He sail, Let them be tested. They were so, and those who disbelieved them at first, openly declared then, that no language could adequately pourtray the appalling extent of disease and pestilence which existed within the ward, and which was clearly traceable to overcrowded buildings and those other evils which it was the object of that association to remove. (Hear, hear.) At a recent wardmote they drew up an epi tome of the evils of the locality, quoting largely from the evidence of Dr. S. Smith and others to whom the country was deeply indebted, to show the truth of their statements. It was a document of about twenty pages, and was not only agreed to unanimously, but the aldermen of the ward vied with each other as to which should pay the expense of circu lating it. (Hear, hear.) They showed the corporation that measures for preserving the public health were paramount to the forming of new streets, and the corporation had ac cordingly called upon the Health of Towns Association through him, to submit to them a well-digested plan of re form, declaring that if they could be satisfied of its feasibi lity they would be ready to expend 100,0001. in im proving the abodes of the poor of the metropolis. (Hear.) The Rev. E. Buck, Rector of Rotherhithe, moved, and Dr. Guy seconded, a vote of thanks to the noble lord in the chair, whose presence they regarded as an omen of success. —His lordship returned thanks, and, after an intimation from Mr. Fletcher, that the transactions of the statistical society contained much valuable information connected with the subjects of education and crime, and worthy of being circulated, and from Dr. Smith, that he bad received a letter from Mr. Slaney, one of her Majesty's commissioners, saying that he was preparing a statement, to show to the great and wealthy how much the working classes were neglected, with the view of furthering the cause in which they were engaged, „ie I the meeting separated. the ,2- .. % .--------------, of the metropolis attended throughout the night by well ex perienced conduCtors, and two more are now being manu factured, and when completed will be stationed at Kensing ton an d, at London -bridge. It was stated, that from experi- Moe the committee were fully convinced of the necessity of increasing the number of escapes, and of the inutility of lad ders and other machines, unless ttended by those who are fully prepared, and have a perfect knowledge of their use and management. ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF ENGLAND.—. A monthly council was held at the society's house in Han over-square, on Wednesday , last: present, the Earl of Er Mont, president, in the chair. After the electin of r ye . non and ofsevesai members, Mr. 11t.yr6:suu Barker presented to the co':dicil the report of the finance committee for the month just ended, from which it appeared, that on the 30th of November, the invested capital of the society stood at 7,0001. stock, with a current cash-balance of 1,3951. in the hands of the bankers. This report, and the various recom mendations it contained, were unaaimously adopted and con firmed, Mr. Pu t for the best essay on the St. John's Day Rye, to Mr. \V. P. firm mitt ed ee, Taunton, of seheY'adlfirdisi.ca, Chairman tb n e s o o f c t ie h t e y o p u ri rnis ze l o C f o l m ol - . Pym having presented, on the part of the stewards of the cattle-yard at Newcastle, a report on the various documents Ashley, near Stockbridge, Hampshire. Mr. referred to them by the council, Lord Portman brought for ward the three motions of which he had given notice at New ' castle, on the undue fatting of animals intended for exhibition at the society's country meetings, on the penalties to be in ' flicted on parties who failed to send stock and implements entered for exhibition, and on the means to be taken to pre vent fictitious biddinge at the sales by auction. An inter resting discussion ensued, on the two latter topics, as also Sir Matthew Riclley's and Mr. Hillyard's suggestions in reference respectively to the removal of animals from their place in the show-yard, and the conditions of prizes to be offered at Northampton, which were, on Lord Portman's motion, unanimously referred for further consideration to the General Northampton Committee, to be summoned on the Thursday in the following week.—On the motion of Mr. Shaw, seconded by Mr. Brandreth, a committee was ap pointed to report on the practicability of appropriating, after the year 1847, a portion of the fund subscribed towards the expenses of any country meet in g to the purpose of local prizes, to be competed for by such parties only as are i endent within the particular district. —Some further business having been transacted, the council adjourned to their weekly meet ing on the 9th instant. Pt/OR MAN'S GUARDIAN SOCIETY.—A public meet ing was held at the Literary and Scientific Institution, John street, Fitzroy-square, last evening, for the purpose of forming a St. Pancras auxiliary to the above society; the chair was taken by the Rev. Mr. Stoddard.—Mr. Cochrane, in moving the first resolution, descanted on the recent acts of cruelty in the parishes of St. Marylebone and St. Pancras. One of his statement& was to the effect that in the parish of Marylebone, out-door relief was refused to paupers under 60 years of age. A recent instance, in proof of this, had come under his own knowledge. A poor man, named Carter, who had been a coachman, but had nearly lost his sight, applied to the St. Marylebone workhouse for relief, and was refused, on the ground that he was under 60 years of age. He then wished to go into the house, but the guardian: would not I even permit this unless be brought his wife and daughter with him, who were capable of earning a scanty living, and had not applied for parochial assistance. The poor man, having made another unsuccessful attempt, committed sui cide. The speaker concluded by moving the following reso lution, which was unanimously adopted : ufferings pr Th a t this meeting is of opinion that th e s onprivations sow endured by the labouring populaon, a n d oo the prices of all kinds of provisions, must be greatly aggravated during the present inclement winter season, and being thereby inev compelled to seek that parochial relief to which, by law, they are entitled, it is the bounden duty of all boards of guardians and relieving officers (more especially as it is strictly enforced by the Saviour of mankind), to dispense their relief kindly, readily, and liberally, and in accordance with the Christian principles of the good Samaritan, and not to make such relief to the necessitous and de serving, dependent en their abandoning their homes, and entering the precincts of a cheerless and harshly regulated workhouse or union. Mr. Ellis then moved, and Mr. Poynder seconded, the following resolution, which was carried with acclamation : That taking into consideration the frightful circumstances con nected with the death and destruction of two of the parishionere of S. Pancras, named Mary Ann Jo nes and Joseph Woodward, this meeting is of opinion that they are to be traced to the cruel manner in which the suffering poor are treated by the parochial authorities; that in the preceding tenses of death, the one from suicide from appre hended punishment within the 'shed' of the St. Pantras workhouse o , the other from the want of the necessaries of life, this electing is f opinion that murder has been committed, and that the parochial au thorities are morally responsible for the same ; and that the best pro tection the poor can have against future tyranny and oppression is in the formation of a St. Patterns Poor Man's Guardian Society. Other resolutions, embodying the objects or the meeting, were passed, and a committee appointed to administer the affairs of the district society, in connexion with the parent institution. REFRACTORY PAUPERS ST. PANCRAS.—At a numer ous meeting of the rate-payers of St. Pancras, held on Thurs day evening, it was resolved by a very large majority to re commend "to the directors of the poor of St. Pancras, to make no distinction with regard to the rations given on Christmas day to the poor in St. Pancras workhouse," the avowed intention being to secure to the refractory, disorderly, and dissolute paupers the same allowance./ food, including plum pudding, as is given on that day to the unfortunate poor. The proposition was enthusiastically received, and all the spirited encomiums of the speakers on the humanity of letting all share alike in the enjoyments of christmas were enthu siastically cheered. THE DEPUTY CORONER AND THE MARYLEBONE Vesrar.—Yesterday a meeting of the board of directors and guardians of the poor of St. Marylebone, was held in the board-room of the workhouse, New-road. Sir J. Ha milton, Bart., having taken the chair, said that the board had to consider the steps to be taken with regard to the communication from the poor-law commissioners, in refe rence to the late inquest on Louisa Mordaunt. Mr. Michie denied the right of the poor-law commissioners to interfere in the matter at all. Ile would therefore move " That a reply be sent to the poor-law commissioners, informing them that the board disputed their power of such an interference, and therefore could not accede to their request," which resolution was carried; and Mr. Potter moved that "The matter be referred to a committee to draw up an answer to the poor law commissioners," which resolution was carried. On a motion for calling a special meeting to investigate the duties of the inspectors of the out-door poor,Mr.Mallalieu said that Mr. Kitchener, the foreman of the jury, had told him that the jury generally considered there was more blame attached to the family of the Mordauntsthan to the parochial officers, and he (the foreman) was much opposed to the censure conveyed by the verdict, but had a most unruly jury to contend with. The chairman thought the foreman of the jury ought to have expressed these sentiments to the coroner. Mr. Potter said he thought the term unruly could not properly . apply to the jury ; on the contrary, they were too subservient, in submitting to be made the tools of the deputy coroner. Mr. Mills dictated the verdict in the case of Louisa Mordaunt, as he had since done in the case of Joseph Woodward, in St. Pancras. Moreover, he (Mr. Mills) had not the decency to cover his verdict by permitting the jury to write it, but had supplied it in his own hand writing. (Cries of " Shame.") After some further obser vations on the conduct of the deputy coroner, the motion was carried and the board adjourned. PARISH OF KENSINGTON. CENSURE ON THE BOARD OF GUARDIANS.--Yesterday • meeting of the in habitant rate-payers of St. Mary Abbotts, Kensington, was held in the vestry-room of the 014 Church, to ascertain the amount necessary to be raised for the relief of the poor for the ensuing half-year, being the first rate for the year 1847. Mr. Barnes, one of the overseers, moved that • rate of thir teen pence in the pound on the rental of the parish of be 164,168/. be now made. Mr. Liggins moved the following amendment : flat as the guardians of the parish are perseveringly and perti naciously opposing the recorded opinion of the rate-payers, in refer ence to the erection of a new workhouse, and have disrespectfully and unwarrantably destroyed an official communication made to them by order of the vestry, the rate-payere now present hereby express their censure of iamb conduct, and desire to prevent as far as they can the application of any portion of the funds to be raised for the relief of the poor to purposes not sanctioned by the rate-payers, and to that end grant a rate of one shilling in the pound. After a long and inharmonious discussion, the amendment was carried by 29 rate-payers to 12. The minority was composed of five of the censured guardians, four parish officers, and three rate-payers. A CHEAP PRESS.—What numerous and rapidly increasing agencies do we witness around, for elevating the character of modern civilisation. At no former period have so many influences tended to refine the tastes, to store the minds, to develope and invigorate the intellectual powers of the people ~ and, at the same time, to add to the comforts, and multiply the resources of their social condition. It should be borne in mind, too, that these increased advan tages have been ascompanied by an increased economy of expense to those who are generally benefited by them. There has been one remarkable exception to this rule. While these ameliorating movements have been going on around, there has been scarcely any relaxation in the cost of the benefits supplied by the press. The inconsistency is not con fined to the fact, it attaches, in no trifling degree, to the professions and principles of the press itself. Class inte rest has been fearlessly condemned, whilst self-interest has been unscrupulously protected. Cheap food has been de manded for the body, by those who have refused it for the mind. Knowledge has been most heavily taxed by the de nouncers of taxation ; and a world of eloquence has been wasted upon the necessities that might have been lessened or supplied. At length the public are beginning to open their eyes upon the subject; and to discover that a cheap lams may be rendered an important auxiliary to the work of social and intellectual progress. The strong prejudice which the experiment had to encounter, is rapidly giving way • for experience has already proved that a newspaper may be published at 3d., and still possess all the ability and effi ciency of one double the price. The Daily News was the first to bring the principle to a test; and though its career has not yet been a lengthy one, it has been su ffi ciently so to render its ultimate success no onger a apparent y o:oanaf. nedpinstrugglei gladly noclorincreased s el.tit r e yaLolt hasfl bearu re s ult yapac odt t r ibow o inlmw f ocii tlipue m Nis rlyr.iftseeehi c o Fou: imcorhe m erAe. lib, ` Tl i ofen i ieo n uoorr a ter t al societys os o ti poi n u lnTyoi irt the orete part, ihTtthe the htheluei matter of doubt. It has lately been opposed by the united strength of the London morning newspapers , but the only msoEe.Dui success universalt r ec h lie j zs l s w y imni neEg:V their :hew, whichff te . _g s y , has been the development of fresh energies, and the display differ from many of the opinions held by the Daily News, eiency with which it has been conducted ; and sincerely .13ylingimA MAN. — t a n dA ies eml , : a ni n toriai d in awaits it, but in the success it has achieved. It is the em bodiment a r t tendencies from n r t e c h i e important se i inhabitants a ch i e ta n ap t .. i nk notheir h l e cl ge e Isle . —of than i m ee r a n the mere dogmas of any political creed. It has commenced pool Weekly News. has been presented to the Marquis of Clanricarde, the Post master-General, stating that a letter Dublin in London or on a Friday morning is seldom poste d i red in Douglas till Wednesday morning, never before Tuesday n ig h t whole days being consumed in the transmiesion n a ‘ 4l of a letter capable of being conveyed in twic e es On these and other grounds they suggest a more Lai' transmission of the mails to the island unit TUE TRUCK SYSTEM. your pap er te Tuesday, I see a most extraordinary decision o ff of magistrates. It is under the head of " Sussex.--y of workmen's pay tickets." Now, I should •v ° maKistrate, if such a case were brought before me, .l advise the workpeople immediately to apply for a against the :::::,-nontractor fl pitying them in kind ' or tne Truck Act, for which he subjects himself to a r4no--"•'.., ~ not less than fit. for every ticket so deliv e r e d. 1 . ‘te to you, for I do trust that it will thus be publishedthro n uet coun try. I have myself detected the practice in my 00 . &; n eighbourhood, and hope I have put it dawn. Il e g ' s— ame that all wages paid in kind are look e d on by e ° sei unpaid, and the informer gets half the penalty.— j , , li 4 ARE SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES EXEMPT FROM T. vioN ?—Sir : One of the 'many disputes that hav e in eitsh. arisen out of that act of parliament, of 6 and 7 Vi e by which certain societies, established fur scientific pa are released fr em local rates, was, I observe by rep en Espress,. decided by Mr. Hardwick on Saturday last, g Marlborough-street. The act in question declares shi t societies " established exclusively for purposes of literature, or or the fine arts, shall be exempt from the cl county, borough, parochial, and other local rates,' ,'n'w vided that such society shall be supported wholly nr is p art by annual voluntary contributions, and shall n o t, nag by it, laws may not, make any dividend, gift, division, or Ifani, money, unto or between any of its members?' Lbtel " the authority of this act, the London Library refused to Da , i t . poor rates ; the parish o f f i cers summoned the msnaeris:w— the magistrate, after hearing the evidence, decided that l y e library is not liable. Ido net at ail impugn tb decision ; in fact we are not in possession 0 ( t h e evidence on which it was grounded, a very careful c • ' tion of which would be indispensable to the riAt tw it , s t a nding of the case, considering the nutnencos ais r culties by which the interpretations of thisact L sinn in d ed I shall assume that Mr. Hardwick was right, notart in i; ing the contrary decisions which have been given My present purpose is to call attention to the act it 4.4 was little leis than a job in its beginning , has proiediferb source of squabbling in its operation, and is most its spirit and intention. This act of parliament vat Isseig at Birmingham, when some literary society, not sned! 4 ported as it supposed that its merits desened, wa ssui , 4 7;, improve its pecuniary position. There was but tea vi r effecting this object : the one by the society be eo " mie popular with its neighbours ; the other, by levying 0011", compulsory rate. To effect the latter purpose, s ass necessary to obtain an act of parliament. Amebae? ! si of the members for the town undertook the operation, al conjunction with an officer of the society, applied tons* Chancellor of the Exchequer for government support !al what was the answer of the Chancellor? This win mak gentlemen ; to ask us to remit the Queen's GRP. i n b t ki of all these societies, is to ask the public to bream, scribers to them, whether we approve of their ot•i h r% e i management or not. No, no ; if you like to strileved your bill Queen's taxes, we will not oppose you; Wife*. liament thinks fit to support your project?? with Owei► sion, so let it." In other words, the Chancellor el* Exchequer had no objection to the public being taiedea vided he saved his own department from the inroad. Th u the bill passed ; not a voice was raised in parliament Rau it ; not a syllable, indeed, was said about it until it be* the law of the land, whsn, for the first time, the and literary societies of Great Britain and Ireland for* themselves suddenly in possession of annuities whid they never dreamed of. Such, I believe, is a subitantiilly mug history of this snug little operation; and I think tth more necessary to explain it because it would be tinplate* great mass of such institutions to have the public nada rte impression that they had any hand in this posher**, manoeuvre. They not only were not, but I will arr,rn keit, in the majority of eves, would not have been. Reinder. the privilege, now that the law has thrust it on them, it because, as trustees of property, they cannot neglect Use legal rights ; but I venture to say, that if any member d parliament can be found to give himself the trouble torn, for a report of this act not a hand will be hell rap in is favour, unless it he those of the original promoters of * scheme. For what is the true purport of this metuarelet to levy a forced contribution upon every body ahoetwa within its operation ? Instead of its present title i , shackle called " An Act to enable all private irresponsible Wks formed for scientific or literary purposcs,to increase tbeirfash by levying contributions upon the public, without trisinstis said public any return." In all these societies the membenpsy their subscriptions in consideration of certain penile*, such as the right of being present at meetings. using * society's library, house, or land, if it has any; mrcisins es tronage, holding offices, and so on ; but the 6 and ; Vet compels the whole parish in which such a society mayelams to be located to subscribe towards its objects, sithontaq consideration whatever. Nor is this a slight evil; indult'? dently of its unjust operation, it is one of the wont of ps cedeats. It is a clear justification of the Loadsi OW houses combining to obtain an act of parliament to esess them, too, " from local taxation,"—that is to sass to tumid the parishes of London and Westminster to suls‘tibe their shillings, in order to enable a few gentlemen to fee nmp• tuously and cheaply without too large a demand *a their own pockets. It is doubtful, indeed. whether such • club as the Atheneum, established fir vim tific and literary purposes, might not ere! now Chia exemption—for it divides no money amens in calm, and is neither used for play nor politics—link... 4l 4* bad cookery should prove fatal to its pretensioes 1 usi not say that I "would readily acquiesce in any prose 444 of promoting " science, literature, and the fine arts," 21 the method provided by this act is utterly indefersals. is a flagrant violation of the first principle of justke. lii suppose that some society shall hire a farm. etreadyle trying experiments in the science of agr:culture,sadthe this.farm shall occupy half a parish, as it very well a* To exempt this society from the payment of rites, isse be to double those of the rest of the parish,not a sialladil would have the right to set foot within the society'sbosmitit Or let us imagine the Horticultural Society, with theirs* garden at Chiswick, escaping from the paymeatof Mentes, under cover of this act ; the effect would be to ompel eel little shopkeeper to subscribe to the decoration of seis! not a Hower in which he would be permitted to bchold. iI I remember rightly, this society's claim to exempt . = sa disallowed, upon a technical objection, and had near bee prosecuted; but it by no means follows that it may tot ti hereafter, and, at all events, the refusal, on the put lir f a', is association, to insist upon unjust rights conferred tj , is no sort of justification to the representatives of the . ell, for their not taking the earliest opportuni t y of p rocro l g repeal of such a law. • CHILD DESERTION. —Yesterday afternoon as . 1 youth named Edward Smith, residing in Saint-street t ge_m* wark, was passing through St. Saviour's-passage , l of London-bridge, he was accosted by • very we . o u. " . ; female about 30 years of age, who offered bias styperr hold the infant she had in her arms, whilst she called ,at twot neighbouring o tahk e th e hours, t h child,wo u o h m s e e cured peoPle, th elann e ad Union, Surrey. It is a male child, six weeks old, and sal comfortably clothed. car ri edn not Th e returning,li a t d i t consented, om eaiin ids thep andaeiriatisftieeberri;stfouisegagr.._ w EXTENSIVE FIRE TIIIS MORNING.—A fe is _ edmia,,atietnheefprtohsepecintfaonft tihnitseett,tr.azesifer, after twelve o'clock this morning a fire broke out $ 1 0; Hitchcock and Connor's saw mills, Broaden% Stantili street, Blackfriars-road. The premises occupy a space of ground, extending from Broadwall to the ,_.. of Mr. Clark's house in Hatfield -s t reet. The Milt' were closed at nine o'clock last night,. at which time e esur .tiii thing appeared safe, the fires, thc. , having been V at 4 the origin of the fire is at present a mystery. I" they were of no avail for a quarter of an hour or belongingEt i. i n g e l , a b n u d t a o n twe d i C tnh o ge u t o n , t yr there ° l ig a d i n n e s oet , , rb o e g ir en e ether e na r t i r l te i ea t yp a a, n tu n ipn t p n a b e ; r : Ibtzm ol .z in ti minutes. As soon as a sufficient supply of water was and the several engines were set fairly to work, the very speedily checked, but owing to the very i n fle nature of the materials it was two hours before Aaral letely got under. The stock-in-t ra de, machine ry. a$ 12-horse power engine, are destroyed. The prenusett_ understand, are insured, but Messrs. Hitchcock and Cam tuadred y re active lintests bi Mr. Ge. _-........... one Nor, jjed r hichwa ra d L ea sei T in g the Vercliet, ntin ct * — R d i h r :P it"B " ' I CelABYLb:1:: 1 . 11a nas We l e ' : r. - hi e h he tr.. we ell ye o t tl ° cas n firer fell on the h burned O ne h ht on by t " Jarma n Croydon Kai ere had been c gravel on the if 0 struck by y injured. was no one the pasitior Could only be ajci v er , To Govtnts ongthe adveT opeuvi the oti Govai,st, ring in aecl s umon Mme Wotan , LAD y • who al• ift., of three pen fatly' u half t eh ould rir wanted. try with th the family he. :;,I*,leiiii Skeff to be P e" unw .eption Fl , • kof the Cl arm Par t ° th7greideisear7:cof go 1 „ some &tine the ideas of poi eery, and the t northern parts tolerably rem°. next to the unl lady is to recer ceive no salary it should be " one would not thrown to the humility or ii lodging, washi expressed . , it i imagination. 6:e. ? Some& and her washb to live " in th too rich. Liv starve, and ti would it be ei lamented, woi were some da afforded her t ACOUSTIC on, awl thu i concilement or, if not, pr without furl French srsti appear adeq tiuns. The ; composed their intcrft rust. The larger pt.< hemselves rho court ads, shou ac cted w•i with the b adjudged tit distribution placed upoi lot necessat eently issue matters in upon the F existed in There war lion. B , ports that Khenane -Chapelle and the 'pi Not the we employers, bunals ; bu eon, and I meet or belonging an their in tared etatc sclera andi burials an *embers lied by tb theof jud whom rem ie Chaml lary, the Tribunals the defend REP NiANCI WS genera Hotel, !ingth. OF Ttt EAT RV . he said corn familiar instn il ov c er w n ° o u t i t ;ea uttheatre. ( w thicknesses of front one shoi ceive and di rth near tc f an arch, 'being, wi I parts of . fieriest or a *ght be one riched with the genera carve) , in us given to ced above eatre to th, this politic cave surf, portant ad e facility a The Buildo COURTS orkmen, ar ' country render de, • iation, and o command which might ta of th ew of I itteee an e purpoi ously m esent o ` L