The Express. — London, England, 1847-09-08 00:00:00

d e corate their hoses& The Count of Warsaw has already relived. The new Nes ef him is to be put in foree on the lit a j wen, MM , awl benisibasly altar Poland will be entirely incorporated eel* R. TURK EY.—CONSTayrrneoput, Ana. 18.--Bhelib 'lmolai, Turkish ambassador at Vienna, has drawn op a reejegt csncerning the orT,enisation of Syria. Government he. addea thereto six atheist toneeetthlg tree tribuneb. Loed Cowley sae held a conference on the subject with Ali w e al; he pretends these articles are derogatory to the dis positions of the primitive law, that all the European powers bed approved of, and in consequence requests to have them 'evo ked. Ali Effendi replied that the Ottoman Porte could pee give up these articles, but that they should not be put in *oar beiore the objections of the different powers should have received a definitive solution.—Gazette d'Augabottrg, Sgt. 2.—After several communications between this place sad otlura, consequent upon direct correspondence with Vienna, the Grand Vizier summoned a divan on Sunday bet, when he attended in person. The resolutions taken by this divan were to put in force the coercive iseasaree pro pcted against Greece, primarily to withdraw from the Greek mad t 6, excquatur,' and, alter one month, to let the rigulatioua respecting navigation, the coasting trade, rtc., Mae into operation. It is rather curious how often such , determin alen has been arrived at without any practical temsequeiwes. We trust that this may be the case now. MOROCCO.—Eventa seem at length about to occur in Morocco. The Emperor is positively in march for Tana, where the army destined to operate against Aledael- Hader is united. On the 11th it was announced at Tangier that Abdarrahman had arrived at Rabat. The interview which lately took place between Abel-el...leader and the go vernor of was known at Rabat. The' latter, w ho - ens mired up in the negotiations, the result of which was the purchase of the French poisoners in the deira, has taken a liking to the part of negotiator, and desires, it ap =to remain on the Bane. Abd-el-Kader unites his and is prepared. Re wants neither monev nor supplies. The Emir will not allow himself to be Gushed in a great affair ; he counts on destroying the Morocco army which is sent against him in partial combats. More over, it is certain that desertions will thin the ranks of the army of Ahderrahman. The Velma steam corvette, which arrived from Tangier the 3rd, touched at Tetuan and Ns noun (Djeinina-Ghsthonaf ). It had on board some rela tives of Si-Achache, governor of Tetuan, going to Mecca, and several Algerinee returning to their country. FRENCH MEDITERRANEAN SQUADRON.—The Jena and Jupiter men of war, and the Magellan steam-frigate, which were stationed off Tanis, suddenly left for Naples on the 23rd. ult., in consequence of orders received by the com mandant. which orders were conveyed by the steam corvette the Infernal. All was calm at Tunis. DISCOVERY OF ANCIENT SCULPTURE AT TUNIS.— On the Il!h of August last, a discovery was made at Tunis, which equally interests artists and men of learning, and which excites the admiration of all those lovers of antiqui ties now forming a part of the European population at Tunis. In digging up an elevation which rose above the emplace ment of th rothon or internal harbour at Carthage, to ex tract from thence ready cut stones intended for the repairing of the Quail de la Goulette, some workmen of the beylik met at a depth of about twelve metres with a bust in marble of colossal proportions, representing, to all probability, a head of J:ino. and in such a wondertul state of preservation, that we c •dd almost say it was sculptured yesterday. The Marble h.,. lost nothing of its brilliancy ; the features of the face, ,• well as the other parts, are in a perfect state of preset , itiou ; according to connoisseurs, the work is exquisite and the dimensions so prodigious, that to ferns an i Aof it, it will suffice to my that from the diadem which ad.r.e the goddess, to the birth of the chest, which forms the evremity of the bust, it measured 1 metre 60 cen • Mastro in height. On measuring one of the eyes, it was head to 'oe 22 centimetres in length, from one angle to an other. Though the bust comprises but the head and neck, ft is really a complete work, as is proved by the round shape CA:the sculptor to the hams of the neck, and not the t of a statue. This figure belongs to Roman Car eer. We can presume it constituted the principal divinity era temple, opposite the entrance of the harbour, acv plainly evident ..by the position of the elevation in which it was buried, and which was formed by a heap of rains, covered OM by time with a layer of earth, from whence several wrecks of bas-reliefs have been likewise drawn out. The searchers after antiquities, who are pretty nu- lINMS at Tunis, all agree in acknowledging that the ruins eiCarthase, or indeed of any other town, have never pro duced a piece of sculpture to be compared to this bust, for it really worthy of admiration, for the rare quality of the marble, the perfection of the work, the grandiose of its pro portions, and the perfect state of preservation of its most minute parts. As this object was found in a piece of ground belonging to the Bey, and by workmen belonging to the state, it remained at the absolute disposal of his highness, matt numerous and pressing were the demands addressed to him by powerful solicitors, in order to obtain from his muni ficence the gift of a piece of sculpture of such great value. But this prince felt peculiar satisfaction in offering is to 11. Delaporte, gerant of the general consulship of France, at Tunis. lie therefore prayed him to accept this gift as a test many of the high esteem in which his high ness held this young functionary, whose merit he has been enah!ed to appreciate in the three gt , ranees entrusted to him during the greater part of the years 184-5, 1846, and 1847, when he acted in the lien of consul-general in the . most satisfactory manner. The Bey had added to this favour the concession, by an act in due form, of whatever object or objects of antiquity may be met with on the spot the workmeii are now digging up. This honourable dis tinction, granted to IL Delaperbe by the Bey of Tani', has been most unanimously eanotimsd by the public WON.— Deka. THE PRABLIN MURDER. The instruction of the affair* Prostin gives full employment to the clerks of the Court of Peers. Numerous ernploiir are hard at work day and night in transcribing the documents seized at the Hotel Sebastiani, at the Chateau of Vain, at Mdlle. de Lures, and elsewhere. These documents consist chiefly of letters of Madame de resell's, which were not made public out of respect to certain personages whose names are mentioned, and from other reasons of ano lees serious nature. There are also some letters from M. de Prsslin to Mdlle. de Luzzi, and from Mdlle. de Luzzi to the duke, which, it is said, prove that a connexion of a most intimate kind existed between her and the duke, and which was a source of the greatest unhappiness to the duchess. These letters are said to be of a nature greatly to compromise Mdlle. de Luzzi, as some of them contain most harsh language when speaking of the duchess. There are also some letters written by the daugh ters of the duke which speak very unfavourably for the education they must have received, as their contents are said to contain most disrespectful remarks on their mother. Mdlle. de Luzzi is also said to have written to the young ladies in a manner to give them a bad opinion of their mother. The whole tenor of these letters indicates the fatal influence which Mdlle. de Luzzi exercised on the entire family. The whole of this correspondence is most curious arid interesting ; and if, as is generally believed, Mdlle. de Luzzi will be brought to trial, the publication of the letters will throw a great light on the mystery in which this ter rible drama is still involved. _ _ --. A journal announced on Thursday, and several other repeated, that the chancellor had just transmitted to the Parquet all the proceedings commenced against Mdlle. de Luzzi ; and that she was to be again interrogated by the Juge d'lnetruction, M. Bronson", who interrogated her for the first time on the 19th of August. This account contains a double error ; Mdlle. de Luzzi was not and could not be again interrogated; the chancellor has not transmitted to the Parquet, and was not celled on to transmit, the proceedings commenced ; for the chancellor cannot have official and direct relations with the Par quet of the Tribunal de Premiere Instance, or of the Cour Royale. According to the rules of hier archy, the chancellor will transmit the documents of the ax minatioe which has been commenced to the Keeper of the Beals, Minister of Justice, who will cause them to pass by the intermediary of the Procureur-General to the Procureur du Roi, on the requisitory of whom the examination will he continued by one of the examining magistrates. The time indispensably necessary for causing authentic copies to be made of the numerous documents which have been seised, and which concern the part of the prosecution still remain ing to be tried, the delays which the transmission of the pro ceedings by the different degrees of the administrative and judicial hierarchy will necessarily occasion, sufficiently ex plain why the examination which has commenced has not yet been transmitted to the examining magistrate, who, con. sentiently, has not been able to announce the intention of proceeding to an interrogatory, or of hearing a trim'''. PRUSSIA-RESULTS OF THE CENSUS TAKEN AT THE CLOSE OF 1846. According to the census taken at the close of 1846, the population of Prussia at that time amounted to 16,112,948, exclusive of Neuenburg and Valendie, which number 68,247 inhabitants. Including that district the whole population of Prwsia amounts to 16,181,195. Since 1843, ',darling Neuenburg, the population has inereaaed 641,864. The Increase from 1840 to 1843 amounted only to 642,583. From 1840 to 1843 the increase was 3.7 per cent. ; now it is 4.16 per cent. The increase during the last three yrars is also greater than it was during the three former. This is the more extraordinary, because the year 1846 was not at all favourable to an increase in the population, and the greater increase, therefore, must be taken an occurring In 1844 end 184,5. The increase in the population a occasioned partly by the exceesof births over the deaths, and partly by the excess of the immigrantsover the emigrants. The increase of birth, over the deaths may be learned from the annual account, of births and death, made up from the church registers ; but the in crease of immigrants cannot be ascertained annually with so much certainty. It is tree that returns have been ordered of the number of thou who have emigrated by permis aon more 1844, and of those else who, after imrai ration, have taken out patents of naturalisation. But, neverthelem, these lista do not yet give quite satis factory information as to the real numbers of the population; for many immigrations from and emigrations—into the neighbouring German states in particular—take place with out patents of naturalisation or permission to emigrate. The increase which the census of 1846 shows over that of 184 according to the accounts, mast be derived from the exam of the immigrants over the emigrants, if that excites be not fiqualiaed ly the exams of births ever deaths. A part of this gauss may certainly also be attributed to more accurate 'Sumer' t ion. And yet, owing to the relations of the Customs Union (Zellverein), the regulations for the tax ca dual and the military conscription, more security is rafor the correctn ess of the returns; and the returns of may, therefore, be considered as tolerably accurate. That part of the bureau caused by the nom of births over ikethe is by hr the most important. Then took plea in Prussia, is Births. Deaths. Excess of Births. 1144....-.693,711 1645 647,30 161.3 626,494 466 Total Inensis from 11143 to 1846 bein g 0ta1........ 641,,46 4916 The eaves of Immigrants over the antipasto be... 64,936 This shows very plainly bow unfavourable the ear 1846 tees u compared with the years 1844 and 1845. The births in 1846 were but few more than in 1844, while the inermuied population of 1846 ought to have exhibited more births than 1844. We see, however, an important increase in the num ber of deaths in 1846. It cannot well be doubted that these appearances are connected with the scarcity of food and con sequent privation and want which commenced in 1846, in coalmines.* of the bad harvest. Althoup, in The whole kingdom, the masa of births one e..;;Xls u tae r6o3i import ant increase, yet in the large towns the excess of immigrants is by far the more important item of the increase in the population. In Berlin there were in 1844 IBirthso33. Deaths. Rues& 3, 1843 12,246 Total 39,141 29,119 10,043 According to the census of 1846 the population of Berlin had increased since 1843 about 5,5,353. It must, however, be remarked that included ill that increase are 6,291 so-c alled lots fireside persons, id est, persona whose names have been removed from the lists, but have not been replaced, because, possessing no lodgings and in debt for their rent, they with draw themselves from the eyes of the authorities. As they are neither dead, nor is it proved that they have left Berlin, they must be supposed, as, indeed, they may be felt by other signs and tokens, to be still in the city. In earlier censi, thee* vagabonds, who were then much more numerous, and who, in - 1843, were still numbered at 12,379, were not reckoned among the population of Berlin by the statistical de partment. 'Deducting these 6,291 from the total in crease in Berlin of 56,3.53, the increase in three yearn will still remain 49,062, of which 0n1y10,042 are derived from the excess of births, and 39,020 from the excess of immigrants : 39,020-54,936th5, or more than 71 per cent., nearly three-quarters of the excess of immi grants over the emigrants in all Prussia, occurs, therefore, at Berlin. That Berlin as the centre point of all the railways to the north, east, west, and south, and that in consequence and by enema of its canal communications there is a direct goods traffic carried on, which is always the eroundwork of a flourishing trade ; industry increasing with its natural development ; the growth of knowledge and art, which draws a number of young persons to Berlin—all these may be keys to these interesting figures. The greater number of persons settling in Berlin belong undoubtedly to the working classes ; and it may, there fore, be adduced from the above figures, that the labourers I expect to find a greater and easier-earned reward for their labour in Berlin than in smaller towns. By way of in formation, it may be added that among the present popula tion of Berlin, numbering 408,502, there are 19,914 persons connected with the military profession, of whom 13,720 be long to the army, and 5,4,4 masters of families, servants, &c.—making a total of 91,194. The population of Berlin has increased during the last 3 years from 15 to 16 per cent. ; on the average it may be calculated that the town increases, at least, 17,000 annually, of which only 3 or 4,000 will arise from excess of births. Next to Berlin, Stettin has increased most, according to the percentage calculations: in three yearn more than 10 per cent. Other signs are visible which confirm a particular Increase in the trade of Stettin. Elberfeld, rich in factories, has also increased very much, more than 9 per cent.: then come Breslin and Cologne, which have both increased in population since 1843 more than 8 per rent Two towns in Prussia, Berlin and Breslau, already number more than 100,000 inhabitants ; and it is ex tremely probable that at the next census Cologne will be the third on the list; for Cologne has already above 95,000 in habitants. Assuming that the population of the whole king dom has increased 4.15 per cent., and comparing that with the increase in the individual states, it will be seen that Potrdam (particularly . from its vicinity to Berlin), Bromberg, hdarienwerder, Stettin, K6slin, Oppeln, Frankfort, Posen, Deotsic, Breslau, and Dusseldorf, have increased in a ranch greater proportion. In the agricultural districts of Pomerania, West Prussia, Posen, and Brandenburg, which are not yet very thickly inhabited, the population increases in the same degree as the cultivation of the land advances. The population in Oppelu is increased from its mines. It is extremely remarkable, however, that in Brealau,!and particularly in Dusseldorf, the most thickly peopled district in the whole kingdom, it having 9,028 inhabitants to the square mile, the population has Increased in a greater ratio than the increase in the population of the whole kingdom. This increase in a neanhbourbood rich in industry, by the gradual development of its industrial resources unaided by artificial stimulants, proves the many opportunities for gain which must increase with the naturally increasing activity in trade and manu factures. The districts of Cologne, Magdeburg, and Stralsund ex hibit an increase pretty nearly equal to the average increase of 4.15 per cent. in the population of the whole kingdom. Iderseburg and Konigsberg have increased in a smaller ratio, somewhat above 3 per cent. Arnsberg, Leignita, Erfurt, Treves, Gumbinnen, and Aix-la-Chapelle, have in creased above 2 per cent. A still smaller increase of be tween 1 and 2 per cent. is exhibited in Coblents and Min den ; the district of Munster has increased, last of all, only a little more than 4 per cent this province has usually *Mown in the cease the lowest increase. From particular information concerning emigration, it is known that, espe cially to America and to non-European countries, emigrants have been most numerous from the western portions of the kingdom, particularly from the neighbourhood of Coblentz, Treece, and Aix-la-Chapelle . for this reason, these nistriets exhibit a smaller proportionate Increase than in 1343. be Court. ARDWERIXIE, SEPT. s.—Viscount Palmerston has imcceeded Earl Grey as Secretary of State in attendance upon her Majesty. The Marchioness of Douro has suc ceeded Viscountess Jocelyn as Lady in Waiting on her Majesty. Her Majesty and the Prince, with the members of the royal household, attended the performance of divine ter- Tice at Ardverikie. The Rev. E. Reed had an interview with Sir G. Grey yesterday at the Home -office. Poirrsmorra, Sarr. 7.—The Queen Dowager came over this morning from Ryde in the Lightning steamer, landed at the dockyard, and visited the Admiralty House. Her Majesty then craned to Clarence-yard, where the united bands of the 43rd and 52nd Regimenti, and Royal Marines, played a march in presence of her Mejesty and afterwards as overture. The Royal Marines furnished the guard of honour, and Lord F. Fitaclarence, together with the prin cipal naval and military authorities, were in waiting to re ceive her Majesty, who, after the concert was finished, de parted by the South-Western Railway to London. Down, SEPT. 7.—lt is confidently stated that the Queen Dowager has made a purchase of fiat Cowes Castle, which was formerly the property of John Nub, Req., architect to George IV. It is situated close to Osborne home. (Prom last night's Gazette.) MASTER OF THE HORSE'S OFFICE, ACO. 27.—The Queen Au appointed the Hon. A. H Crofton to be Page of Honour to her Majesty, vioe Byng. BLOCKADE OF ALBANIA.—Last night's London Casette publishes a note raised by Lord Cowley . , our am bassador in Milroy, from the Turkult Warta for Foreign Alas, whir th• following is a copy : Iran isdlnet numbers bar hem ant drsbeass sad carat ships el yr, Minn a ss Irwin hew b us es straint at alts- Iley,saybds Win 's Mk Ur bin mg= drys nerd dad fli andlins isle wink erns ="bar tarty smnitist Is dot pit it it rink Is tabs. by the ItandL It la sissisruy M dab tap dr, that as the ogredrarlinenis a main de mi% Ink Oses =dank ea wintrialtig Os 11 es all lon. It Innis ditendasi to awn s Is ba lithed by • the ilia enured India risen Mann to swan, deter *as trdsk tionsbrat dor Allinrierst, Semen Inbillag Pram up * Os slimed* it Ur pet if Deismit Thu lnitin I Fmk Ibindri, miresa dq ent yin et 'kV artty tads risers to Se nrint nods trlar st runtystr sear . la odor nit they ray set Mbud utak Mg Inds id des isplarlia t as win stow dein . : list pis nil lons Om, OM Assad say rink nonstii Or ranks at dr earn Irmo any trIS be nona - to le near* silmst bed* sad iistrsy *a reran= bi win sw dr nib dam istrrai wink puldbital to auk *ay b. rand is womb rondo a liana an wary whin tented it yes id" nisa sides bi r art, gat r log as It ill sr bawl Isis fairly MOM * roast dr dia. retinams kaki bask Tidiest. bil* pot is sad ts Ide lionsde =wir Is swim Is So Wading One lid dem had, dot Is pre* tbst nisibist lIMMiII trait sny sot bin km anima lobe So odd Mimi it Or abldblison *a lanbadi istedsk iny mint Ibinobrois Ors ark yr •on parrslsl aim Is fit wisktiT et albs at dr Ml= Pink* bs eltennedi t er Meitagh• , • dik ens tbst le say, Sin Si rstthisa frinintrhad no parts.-111 NZ Augur ISO). THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 8, 1847. who have grown rich in the midst of starvation. Instead of the subdivision of land in Belgium having produced the distress there, a more general sabdisision w oul d have prevented the recent famine throughout western Europe, by eatiaingfiore grain to be grown, and thus rendering the producer aide- pendent of the monopolist and the artificial market price. Yon are mistaken in supposing that the object of the Na tional Land Company is " to apply the savings of the poorer classes to the object of establishing a portion of therm on the soil as owners." Every member is eligible for the ballot so soon aa he has paid in full for his shares; and every member will eventually be located on the land. It i s calculated that in no case will a shareholder wait more than five years for his allotment; but this is only an approximation to the actual period, as much mast depend on the deposits paid into the National Land and Labour B an k, th rcug h t h e me di um of which the money expend e d i n l an d an d h ouses, & c., w i ll be reproduced, the e property of the company being security to the de ed ;son. sae interest or the deposits will be paia out of the interest payable to the company by the anode's, the company paying 3i per cent. and receiving 5 per cent. The money thus advanced by the depositors upon the com pany's property will be invested in more land, &c., and these operations will be continued until the objects of the company are accomplished. The original capital of the company will then be equitably divided among the members. Your assurance that the allottees will have " stareation before them if they fail in their speculation " is certainly cal culated to damp the ardour of those who have taken a view of the subject as superficial se your own : numbers have joined our ranks who had before them, if not absolute star vation, the most abject destitution. There is one man at O'Connorville who a few months ago was an inmate of the pauper's handle at Nottingham ; to such a man his comfort able, clean, ventilated cottage, and two acres of land, is a veritable paradise! I visited O'Connorville on Whit Mon day, and on that estate, on the Saturday evening previous, a four-acre allotment had been sold for 781., subject to the conditions under which it was held by the original allottee. There, instead of starvation, was a sum of money which perhaps nine out of ten on the estate had never seen in their lives before. The fear of poverty, and even starvation, would equally apply to failure in any other pursuit, either as • master or a labourer. Oh, sir! there are thousands throughout the length and breadth of this country, called ironically "happy England"—thousands of small tradesmen trembling on the verge of bankruptcy—thonsandeof working men toiling incessantly in hopeless and irredeemable misery —who would gladly exchange their unhappy lota for the prospective starvation with which you seek to scare them from their only hope of salvation. The fact that the land system "involves an entire change in the habits and career" of the members is, to my mind, no objection. But is this thought of when "the Sheffield cutler or the Nottingham framework knit ter " is sent to cultivate the woods and wastes of Australia or New Zealand ?—or when paupers are transported as they have been, and landed at Hobart-town in a state of destitution, penniless and friendless, in a strange country ? How often is it, sir that the factory operative becomes " a householder in the suburb where he lodges, or • master instead of a 'journeyman " ? Is it not impos sible that, by his mere industry, the handloom weaver or the framework knitter should ever succeed in so far achiev ing his independence 1 Would it not be far better for him, morally as well as physically, that be should become " a tiller of the ground, and leave for ever the trade which he understands," but which will barely keep him from falling into utter destitution, " and the town life in which he has been brought up," but which to thew acquainted with large manufacturing towns is only a synonyms for filth, wretched ness, and moral and physical malaria ? Who would heei tate in his choice between the dark, dirty, ill-ventilated, and unchained streets and typhus-generating courts of the manu facturing towns over which the fever cloud hangs continually like the demon of pestilence, and the clear, well.ventilated cottages, each standing in its own smiling garden—between the condition of the factory worker, toiling amid the steam and "devil's dust" of the infernal rattle-boxes of Man chester, in hie unnatural competition with those monsters of iron and brass and wood which are destined to redeem humanity from the serfdom of soil and misery to which their present application condemns so many thousands, and that of the independent freeman, standing amid his own corn and his own fruit trees, his own pigs, cows, and poultry, and toiling, not to earich a master, but to provide the com forts of life for himself and family ? Your observation, that the interest payable by the allottees to the company might as well be paid under the name of rent, is uncalled for, if you are sincere in a previous remark, that no contingent political changes would induce you to discourage or oppose the design, if you thought the result would peeve beneficial to the working-classes. If the interest was charged as rent, the allotments would become leaseholds instead of freeholds, and the political influence of the society would be sacrificed. With regard to the schools, though I foresee a difficulty in carrying out the designs of the directors as at present contemplated, yet I am firmly impressed with their desirability, nor do I fear that the allottees will " see the children of their neighbours better taught than their own at the parish school." You are pro bably not aware that, prior to the erection of the school house at O'Connorville, surrounded as the estate it by those of the clergy and aristocracy, including the Earl of Essex and Lord Robert Grosvenor, there was no school of any kind within a circle of several miles ? You next say : " Whatever they can spare to subscribe is their own to keep; and the money which would buy estates for all, or for many of them, would, in any form, render them independent" I have already explained how the estates will be made reproductive through the agency of the Na tional Land and Labour Bank ; but I most beg to dissent from the principle that the capital of the company would in any form render the members independent. Suppose it was in shares of a bubble railway company, in dishonoured bills of an ariatomatic swindler, or invested in an undertaking in which there wee more loss than profits. In no shape has property so much real value as when it exists in the form of Iniust confess that I was surprised at the remarks which you offer as a consolation to alarmist politicians, and the opinion therein expressed that, in the event. of complete success, " The new landholders would find that they were further than ever from acquiring the political power which they seek." I cannot sufficiently admire the candour with which you acknowledge that you hardly expect a chartist to entertain this consideration ; for you may rest assured that the democratic freeholders of the land Company will possess the same advocates and the same organisation when on the land as they have now, rendered doubly formidable from the acquisition of the franchise. " With all these doubts and objections we are not hostile to the principle which the Land Company professes." This avowal and the tenor of your remarks upon " the various attempts of the communists and socialists to occupy land in common," an experiment which you justly remark " has never been fairly tried," are indications of the pro gress which correct ideas of social economy have made in your mind, notwithstanding your present strictures on the plans of the Land Company ; and I doubt not you will ere long be found among the most prominent of the talented ad vocate' of those principles which alone can redeem suffering humanity from the social evils which bang as a dead weight at the wheels of progression. The co-operative principle will do more than buy land and build cottages ; it is destined to build workshops and factories in which machinery shall work for man, instead of against him, and become his ter 'rant instead of his master, and in which its rational app. cation will produce the greatest benefits for all. Instead of capitalists and labourers existing as classes having interests opposed to each other, we shall have labouring capitalists— a novelty in political economy which I beg to recommend to your attentive condderation. T. FROST. Croydon, Aug. 31. SANITARY IMPROVEMENTS—DRAINAGE. Sir,—You have repeatedly advocated an alteration in our arrangements of drainage, which it is to be hoped will assist to induce the development of that national spirit and co-operation which are quite indispensable for effecting the object which is so much desired by all who take an interest in our common welfare. The present time appears well adapted for a calm inquiry into the real position of the metropolis. When " sanitary improvements" are spoken of, en con nexion with " drainage," it is commonly considered to mean that all refuse is to be washed out of the canna and dwell ings of the working classes. In accordance with this pre vailing opinion, the 32nd section of the Towns Improve ment Bill proposed to enforce proper house drainage. But to obviate the evils so deservedly complained of, it m neces sary to have sewers adapted to remove an increased quantity of heavy refuse into a receptacle, to which it is safe and advisable to convey it. The Thames is the common sewer of the metropolis. Whilst the tide rises, the refuse is running out of the sewers up the river, until all egress ia Mopped. As the refuse after wards flows down the weer it i/ met by the fresh tide, and thus is carried backwards and forwards within a few miles of London. The injury done to the Thames water may be judged of by the fact that the Ne w Ri ver C om p any have a large pumping engine at Broken-wharf and a main pipe into Cheapade (to be used in case of fire), but the water is not considered good enough even for the streets. The Southwark water-works found that water taken near London-bridge occasionally deposited three inches of mud in water-butts in a week. Smoking their supply at Batte rsea there is about fi ft een inches of mud deposited in their reservoirs in a year. The water from the Lea forms scarcely any deposit, it being almost perfectly clear. With the exception of the New River Company, and the East London Waterworks, the metropolis is entirely supplied with Thames water, and therefore it is a moot important question, whether the refuse which It reeelves is injurious or not. The state of the Thames and its banks certainly sensed much alarm in 1832, when the cholera visited Lash" and many of the worst eases occurred near the river. The quantity of miss which annually runs into Thames, Se esti. ea 100 millions of tons. In one sewer, where the ran el wally always su ffi cient to ketep it clear from deposit, the properties of animal and vegetable decomposed matter, artr, sat tram roads, has been found to be 1 in 80. In aneeker sada ewer, it has been found to be lin 66. At this rate, there is from 1,250,000 tons to 1,600,000 tons of refuse polluting the Thome annually. This arises from the mem drainage, astwisisaamilm in brims :Mallen of rah. is sewledA Ml=themel t wild re Alm drably* will ask be mathreed now that pubis semstiser is me begamily drawn to the sab: Jen by the Irresmeabie deb le anis Mg alleys; but a drain em asaalsetleg whir a sewer at a hither levels in Long ' esee, ie seek ea inessemat wry te ear whole =of driabar the staftessio, fir all the sewers are by the skim *Me Me. - Nary iseelithe am seder bighireissigark, _sad same sly fear we foe ibei elm b. A dews' sedrftersd twelve ilet amp is timbre very OW sidwahly under bigisswaler.ersals. mod Ow the largest part of sea day the beings Is imolai er elle= by the essammi sewer the than the ewers which et are 117 1111 22 ides. mod evideat that it would nut be Bali to envoy all the fever-generating setaee from our courts Into the Thames, and it is equally certain that its level, for a common re ceptable of refine, is very objectionable. Whilst the con tents of the sewers are in a stagnant state, a deposit settles to the bottom, and what afterwards a' south wind blows into them (at low water) the eftmeive small arising from drains is almost intolerable, if pm*/ into a house shut up for the night. A gentleman, who hes a eery *Mendes parish prise. lice, says, very truly, "How the sewers can benefit the health of the poor, living in courts and alleys, I sin at a loss to imagine." 'lf every tenement is to have a communica tion with the sewers, you will create a greater nuisance, and the house will be snore unhealthy than at present, arising from the smell of the sewer." Dr. Rigby states that this is not limited to the houses of the poor, but exist! also in some of the recently-built houses is Hyde-park and in wealthy districts. The present se w „;: , when constructed, could not be in• tended for the removal of heavy refuse before the Introduc tion of water-clooein, which became general is 1809. There is to this day by no means a general connexion between the latter and a sewer ; our house drainage is notoriously defec tive, and yet the refuse which does peas into the sewers is only with much difilculty removed. Side entrances to sewers, for attending to flushing apparatus, are made in localities where they were formerly never needed, a,, for example, along Gloswellatreet, Aldersgate.street, and lied crors-street. In the latter, men have been engaged for at least four or five weeks in taking out a black deposit which had accumulated. It is now beginning to be rather generally admitted " that the existing state of sewers is the latent cause of much disease and death." There cannot ►e the least doubt of it in the world. A great " deal of active disease, which creeps on gradually and insidiously, may be traced to that cause." The insufficient capacity of the sewers which commu nicate with the Thames is also a very serious obstacle to ex tended drainage. For example at present, when a heavy rain takes place the lower partsof the houses in Holloway will be filled with water, which has to soak into the earth. When • sewer shall have been made, this water, with the house drainage and refuse which may have accumulated, will swell the floods which occasiona , ly come down so suddenly and powerfully as to overcharge and endanger the City sewers, even when • far smaller extent of drainage existed. With the smaller quantitypasaing into them we find "the Bishops gate-street sewer at times overcharged and pourinu back the upland waters." The Walbrook sewer was destroyed by the same cause in 1821, and even the Fleet sewer has often been surcharged. The channels for removing all the refuse water from the metropolis into the Thames are as inade quate for this end as Old Fish-street-hill would now be for the traffic of 1847, or the arches of old London-bridge for the increased navigation of the river. As public attention is so much directed to the importance of sanitary regulations, it appears well to state the difficulty which besets the question. Should you publish this letter, I will furnish you with the different proposals which have been made to meet the exigency of the case. It must be very evident that something more is needed than a good supply of water to wash all refuse from courts and alleys into our sewers. Before a remedy can be devised the cause and be character of the evil must known; and your powerful ad vocacy of so good a cause will, I trust, lead to the adoption of such a plan as shall be found to be hest suited to effect the thorough drainage of the metropolis. J. J. Monawooo. MEETING OF MIDDLESEX MAGISTRATES. NEW VALUATION OF THE COUNTY.-A special general meeting of magistrates acting for the county of Middlesex was held yesterday, at the Sessions-house, Clerkenwell. The meeting, or court, as the act of parlia ment designates it, was convened for the purpose of re ceiving the report of a committee appointed two years ego to collect evidence as to the increased value of property within the county, and to revalue the mme. The chair was omigied by Mr. Freshtleld. The report stated that the eammittee, after examining witnesses from upwards of 100 pasiiises, deelmed the present annual value of the landed ea{Ueementpogortyof the county to be 7,764,3301. The Satasef to the old valnatioa, mounted to , was wing an incense ea the mew 'Auden el The essematent of laie pees lad eimmated tads ormogpt•SibL htthepound ; bat tbsomalsiessimments when seisetsdi ism to be smile gm the new lA*. tka) sot exceed 20. is the thu ANON • of id. in the pawl, via., slam= ro sememeate on 7,754,3101. and 4,11111,3171. The emmed linginiMMAW for the esooty seasoned to Mislelielt Wrist the repairs of osantyth brI=IS aideseerre el Motes. sade O m mmties, Celibeds•lishis, the lewd eel. Wiwi) fifths tied la the kingdom. Alta MIA INSIONS. tlaa •elegiot cos Weal to be resolved emd plelled, had &meet fit keietesmigeloat M mmillor Its reeveemmorke dem••• maidemae• wse odiewased Mil the NM wart sesoims,,to be held in October. • DON/MON.—Au anonym= dots the et leel., urger the signature of " B aldi ng L." hes bees foe mold is the emelaty eithe Church OPENING THE ROYAL LETTERS.—SeveraI lettere, addressed to her Majesty front Osborne, have been opened on their transit to Scotland, and • strict investigation is being made to detect the inquisitorial personage who has been prying into the rola! secreta.—Star. THE POOR IN ST. YANCRAB.—OVERCROWDED STATE Or TEE WORlLHOUBl.—Yesterday, a full meeting of the board of directors and guardians of the poor of St. Pancras was held in the King's-rood, Camden-town, in the new vesn.y.reorne adjoining the workhouse; Mr. J. B. E.Wright is the chair.—A director having introduced the subject of the present overcrowds/ state of the workhouse to the notice of the board, Mr. Prandergast stated that it had been said the workhouse was originally intended for the accommoda tion of 600 persons, and now there were nearly 1,600 in the building ; whereas it was not taken into consideration that the room appropriated to oakum employment could be made avaiia . u4; for the accommodation of 30 or 40 people, and there were sevens or.,ms on the basement floor. and other recent alterations, that rendered them able to accommodate a much greater number than the house was formerly in tended to hold.—Mr. Douglas expressed his conviction that the house was wholly unlit for the present number of its inmates.—Mr. Prendergast did not mean to may that there was no necessity for an increased accommo dation ; but he thought the additions that had been made to the house should have been stated, end that the ' place was suited for 1,200 persona. He hoped the commit tee would see that there were a number of persons in that house who bad no business to be there, especially now that corn and food were so much cheaper. After some to/thee conversation the following resolution was moved by Mr. Douglas, and seconded by Mr. Wagstaff: That a return of the average number of persons maintained in the workhouse in each of the us months commencing from the Waited'. 1844, with a plan of the faecal monis in the workbotter, and cti menatons of rock, with the number of beds, the persons in them on the sth apt, 1847, a pima of the unsecspled in the garden, with dimensions thmeM, and a plan a the Mammy, a made. _ - Thimotion was put and ca rried."—Mr. James Prendergast made some remarks with reference to the reports in the pub. tic papers of some statements made at the vestry meeting held on Wednesday. The statements in question oontained some very serious but happily unfounded charges sgainst Mr. Eaton, the master of the workhouse, who had entirely dis p roved the whole of the allegations brought forward against m.—Mr. E. Pitt, the accountant agent, read a lengthened document, giving a full explanation of the real facts of the CYO, in which Mr. Eaton distinctly denies having ever re fused to allow the respectable paupers to quit the workhouse without compelling them to wear the workhouse garb, and in fact positively declares himself innocent of any of tho charges against him. The statement was ordered to be entered upon the minutes, and reported before the vestry at the neat meeting.—After some further business the meeting broke up. MR. CRAWLEY'S CASE AT ST. TIIOMAS'II HOSPITAL. —Sir —I beg to informs you that Mr. Crawley was seen by Mr. Whitfield, the resident medical officer, immediately he was admitted, and by Mr. South, the surgeon, within ten minutes afterwards, at which time an operation was not deemed prudent. I trust that you will give to this the same publicity as your late statement received.—Sanum. SOLLT. - • DECAY OF LITERARY INSTITUTIONS--Two of the largest of these establishments in the metropolis,—the Western Literary Institution, Leicester-square, and the Eastern, in the Hackney-road, have been broken up during the past week, and their extortive libraries, museums, and collections of philosophical apparatus, are to be sold by public auction. Two ENGLISH GENTLEMEN FOUND DEAD IN INVER- Ninia-antitn,--At the Mansion-house, yesterday, the Lord Mayor received the following communication from the sheriff-substitute of Inverness-shire, dated Fortwilliam, In verneu-shire, enclosing an account of the finding of the bodies of two English gentlemen on the 2nd inst. The names of the deceased gentlemen are Mr. Stericker, of 49 Fen. chnrch-street, and Mr. Henry Whitburn, brewer, Esher, Surrey. The letter went on to say—" I refer to the en clued paper, containing the evidence of one of the first per ' sons who found the bodies, and which contains all the infor mation I have as yet collected. The report of the medical men is also enclosed, agreeing that death occurred from natural causes. I have not as yet ordered a dissection, and *ill abstain from doing so, unless circumstances of a suapi. dolls nature may emerge, but which I do not expect. The necessary attention to the bodies will be bestowed, and I shall suspend all directions as to interment until the pleasure of the relations becomes known. I proceed this evening, with the procurator-fiscal, to the spot where the bodies were found, to prosecute further in. guinea. The evidence alluded to is that of W. S. Milner, ensign in the 69th Regiment of Foot, who had been residing with his brother at Kinlochbeg, 15 miles from Fortwilliam, and it gives the following account:—" About eight o'clock this morning (2nd September), one of the servants told me that a drover had seen a dead man by the road-side about two miles from Kinlochbeg. I went to the spot and found two men lying close to one another, about three yards from the road on the low side, quite de ad. There was not the slightest sign of struggling or of violence, and their appear ance gave me the impression that having sat down to rest they became benumbed with the cold and expired, Both were dressed: as travellers, each with a small knapsack on his back. There was a small whiskey pocket gash h ing near them empty. Lost night was very stormy, wind and rain in great abundance, probably the most stormy night we have had this year." The statement then gives a particular account of the property found upon the two deceased persons. The medical certificate expressed the opinion that death was caused by exhaustion and cold from the deceased having fallen asleep on the mountain on that boisterous night. The Lord Mayor upon receipt of the communication on Monday sent his chaplain to, the friends of Mr. Stericker, and one of the marshals to Esher, to disclose the intelligence. It appears that the two gentlemen were strangers to each other, and had journeyed together accidentally. Each had left = an excursion through Scotland, and they had been seen on the preceding night at no great distance from the spot on which their corpses were found. Mr. Stancher had written home on the 31st August. EX-OFFICIO SEATS IN PARLIAMENT.—Sir,—One of your subscribers and readers, noticing the remarks made in your paper of this morning, alters to you the following sug gestion, if you think it worthy your notice in any way you may think most advisable:— "The result of the recent elections tends to confirm the justice of the theory which has been occasionally broached : that' the ministers of the crown ought to have seats in parliamerit, ex-officio, but not votes. If this should add to the independence of the minis ters, it would also increase the power of the House of Com meta, for the constituencies which return ministers are usually influenced to support them. Under the present semen, not only are men of talent and industry excluded from parliament from their inability to encounter the ex penses of a contested election, but others who, being in office, have distinguished themselves by their talents and application to business, are suddenly unseated by the bigotry or prejudices of a nemerous constituency.—H. Sept. 7. itaBERT OF 400 SovEneroNs.:—Yesterday infor mation was received by the police that Themes Thompson, to the Victona and Western Loan Societies, held rt e f s hrUnion Arms, Penton-street, and the Two Brewers, Jennyn-street, had gone off with 400 sovereigns, the pro perty of the shareholders. THE GREAT BRITAIN. We understand that the inspection of this noble ship has been brought to a close, and that all the scientific men who have been engaged ia the examina tion agree in the opinion that she is quite sound, and free from all material damage in her hull. She is still on the Prince's Dock-gridiron • but owing to the application made on Thursday last to the dock committee, and the disposition evinced by that body to accommodate any other large steamer which might require to be repaired on the gridiron, the company are at present only proceeding with such necessary repairs, at her bottom, r enable them to float her any moment. We (Liver pool Journal) visited her yesterday, and found, as we anticipated, that her bottom was but slightly injured, the only dings of any consequence being one of about ten feet long, right under her bilge, amid ships. The men on board my that this was caused by the working of the vessel during the heavy gales which she encountered in November last. This, however, will be easily repaired, and, with the excep. dr of some few holes and loose rivets, is the only damage demo to leer bottom—a fact which, considering the exposed , Maiden in which she was stranded, reflects the utmost credit on all the hands connected with her. The upper works and cabins of this noble specimen of naval are.Wtecture, u may be anticipated, are much in jured; as is the stern, outside stern post, and all the after end of the vessel, which was more particularly exposed to the roll of the sea, as she lay ashore in Dtutdrum. As yet nothing positive is known as to the intentions of the pro prietors with respect to her further and final repairs. In the opinion of many the great difficulty will be the engine ; for it is well known that it has never et fairly answered the ex pectations of its constructors. We may, however, state, en ZsTthat it has bun most minutely inspected, and it ai posemamool to be quite u good as it ever was. Mat of tsar readies aro swan that it woe built to work 1000-hares power ; but the general inaproolan is, that even with the improved boars, mobil led summer, it never worked more than MO-horse power, sun at its best speed. In addition to this drawback, the indisputable in efficiency of the chain belt, by which the screw was worked, must itself lead to serious alterations in the engine, if it should again be placed in her. It was a notorious fact, •to all who ever crossed the Atlantic in her, that she had to be stopped nearly every day, in order to adjust this complicated chain. In fact, we believe, if she had returned safely from her last trip, that two new cog wheels would have been !sub stituted for it, by which it was anticipated that the screw could be more effectively worked. Speculation is busy re lative to her future destination, and the trade she is to be put into, but as no authentic information has been obtained on this point, we refrain from giving rumours. THE NATIONAL _ LAND COMPANY. Bra,—lt is the Ste of those who meek the moral and medal advamessent of the human nee to bet:spre 'entail and ethormiated. lam not, thwehme, at the e! the ma of this country *the Missal I charge not you ' me, with calumny or wilted mtwev- -- :-vtation : you have left those dishonourable weapons to jour weekly contemporaries, and it ia the tempe rate character of your strictures, and the spirit of benevo lence which pervadmthess, which have prompted me to make this endeavour to convince yea mad the Imbibe that your apprehensions are groundless, sad efilgediCCe the result of a very superficial knowledge oldie oiliest. The present distress in Belgium has as sameskai with the subdivision of land In that country, bet, lens the " preeent dishes " Ireland, Sootlead, amd ef Peilsod, has resulted from a partial failure st the imp fit ma Tor. in creased by the monopolists olgratn, missokilisslanise, IRELAND. DUBLIN, SEPT. 6. Wexford harbour has been long in want of im provement No harbour on the eastern shores could surpass it in profitable commerce were it made com monly Rafe and accessible. Its bar has transferred the entire trade to Waterford ; bat with the South Wales line to Fishguard, and the "three W's," when it is completed, a new existence will be opened up to Wexford. All, however, must begin with the port, and no time should be lost. Dredging machines have been for some time ordered at the Neath Abbey iron -works, and one is about to be immediately launched, with which the commissioners will at once commence the work of improvement Another will follow in a short time. The Sligo Champion, in its fit of fisticuffs with the honourable member for the borough, charges him with all sorts of causes and consequences; among others, the total dissolution of society in that ancient town. Robberies, it is said, are nightly committed, and assaults are things quite of course. With more particularity it states, that " on Saturday night last " two men were forced to " death's door,"—rather an awkward neighbourhood—by " a party of Ribbon men!" I never heard of any distinctive badges to mark the exclusive outward bearing of the Ribbon man, so that it is likely the informant of the Chan.- pion thrust in the first and hardest word he could find to designate one of the friends of Mr. Somers. THE REPEAL AASOCIATION.—The usual weekly meeting of this body was held to-day at Coociliation-halL Mr. John Reynolds, M.P., presided. The proceedings were of • very ordinary character. The Right RPT. Dr. Keating, R. C. Bishop of Ferns, transmitted 28!., the subscriptions of the same number of his clergy, in addition to 211. sent from other members of the same body a few weeks since. The repeal rent for the week amounted to over 701. SCOTLAND. El/ISM:MOH, SEPT. 6. The anticipated legislation for Scotland during the ensuing session, will embrace the law of entail, the excise laws, the custody of lunatics, health of towns, and, according to the speech of the Solicitor-General, at Kirkcudbright, it is possible that the Marriage and Registration Bills may again be brought forward. The entail question has been well canvassed, and, ex cept among lawyers, the system, as it stands, has few supporters. A pamphlet recently published supplies the following information. Since the passing of the entail act in 1683, the number of entails up to the present date will amount to about 2,000, and the amount of territory embraced will be about one-half of the country. As to its operation, so far as land lords and their connexions are concerned, the follow ing are the burdens allowable by three statutes passed subsequently to the original act : On en estate baring s rental of loxes 2OO - - First widows annuity 6OO Interest cc six years' rents ix improre cunt. 360 Interest on three yeses' rents for pro Cskets to roam children aeoond widow's sneaky, doe-third of rentalabg free rent. 239 - 1,524 • 176 0 0 Ose.third of surplus for extbsetioa of improve ment debt l3B 13 4 For heir in poomokra 317 6 8 But as by a fourth statute, called Lord Aberdeen's Act, the heir cannot be deprived of more than two thirds of the rental, some of the above items must be restricted ; and as even the restricted items must re main burdens on the estate, the current heir could not provide for his own widow or children. Of course this is putting an extreme case ; but it is one quite within the bounds of possibility. As to lunatics, the total number in Scotland, by last return, was 3,413 ; and of those, 1,290 are in public institutions ; the remainder, 2,123, in private houses. Of the latter, the most distressing and in credible details have, in many cases, been obtained by government inquiry. The Health of Towns Bill will be a mere accommodation of the English bill to Scotch usages. Of the success of revived marriage and registration bills it were premature as yet to speculate. Rumours are again rife as to the probability of Mr. l Cowan taking his seat for Edinburgh, and certain parties are positive that he will not. Should their predictions be correct, Mr. Dunlop, the late candidate for Greenock, will likely be brought forward. Another district surgeon (being the fifth within a short period) has fallen a victim to fever in Glasgow, and yet, in the midst of all this professional mortality, the poor-law authorities are higgling in the most narrow way as to medical remuneration for pauper attendance. In Edinburgh fever is keeping sta tionary. Our streets continue swarming with railway plea sure parties. Just now some five or six hundred denizens from the manufacturing districts in the north ; iafl!enct land are on a short Highland tour, having through Edinburgh last week, after duly in specting the Athenian lions, and receiving a soirée from the more cosmopolitan inhabitants. The herring fishery on the north and east coasts is drawing to a close, the success being, on the whole, above average. The late storms, however, have caused much loss of nets and other appurtenances. Tea BELL Rocs.—Such was the visits* of the waves at the Bell Rack on the night of Saturday, the 41st att., that Neill& witness infonns us (thliallarpi Osumi) that, at this mewls wens thaws wp *oaths bed of the ea lies the Wallows of the slesathiworimaa lithe light boss bay" a height of uo leesliathaliessay ha. Yana SZIPIWCICS wire Loos •tara,—.• awe rods* fat John o' p rone Jrawai, who OW hi lAN" iThrea,Thunday,' mays:— ' We have had a =ls of wad hen,imspea4lly Omagh tho pea night and frees the N. sad I am pima* add, that its raw& haw; soda beta Stith Two wad kw *ea driven ailwasswas el then is a sehosaar, mill the Xery and Jost s A i ti Die et Nan, Capt. Lowry, with istr boa *:Bali.. She slate lies % a Mu wag of the river. The whir al * a sloop with how Raab* was* the N, aad Dodge. n• won el both wads law M im es saved, althomahthsi etlhs Marva Naddosalio This mad Ikea lilabs is Os asthwamil of the di d el l a im % is hared that belt will ha WM weed* Pat I sew* to aid a ems et a maw eselsaela i .slaw. I haw Jet sew a bearer, NIA hints* with thy islarthaara that • schooner was driven ashore, near Tumid, this morning, and that the crew have all perished. Both masts went over board intelidtately on her strilthig, My informant could not tell her Clem, cargo, or destination. The custom-house officers and coast...guard small off to the place. Au American vessel is rolling very bawdy in the roads, being anchored too f arout—t h e general mistake of captains. If she is well found, she may stand out the gale. It is reported that two other vessels are ashore farther to the westward PROVINCIAL. MANCHESTER MECHANITS 7 INETITrTION..— The claws; snit the IA “ • PS?. reeolvel number of pupils now receiving instruction within the Valli important extension of the clue systCnt, which of this institution wee& one thousand, wk 6 tar! • " iu w al l:: n 7n i t ilu c tog ni tht to jimrt e 4 ffect.: u Me ensuing quarter . A new Oction will then be opened for female education, in which pupils destined for the duties of teachers and governesses will be furnished with the mew of going through a course of in struction to qualify them for their future career. In order to obtain the accommodation which thi s extension will re- quire. the directors have ordered one of the yards of the in stitution to be enclosed, and large rooms to be erected upon the site. One of these rooms is to serve as a laboratory for two additional scientific classes that will commence as moon as the erection is completed. Six of the largest rooms within the building will then be devoted to classes for female education. .„ ....... TIIE CUTLERS' FEAST AT SHEPPIELD.—The annual banquet given upon the inauguration of the master cutler elect took place in the Cutlers' Hall on Thursday last. Earl Fitzwilliam, Earl of Arundel and Surrey, Viscount Mor peth, Messrs. Parker and Ward, the borough members, Lord Milton, and other visitors, were present. The master cutler (H. Mort, Esq.) occupied the chair. The health of Earl Fitzwilliam having been given, the noble earl , in re turning thanks, said—l trust there is growing up in this country an opinion that perfect freedom of tr ad e is best for all classes in it. I hope, from the manner in which you have just received these observations, that I may have from you even a still more marked demonstration of your opi nion, that perfect free trade is the best for all the nations of the world. I de not mean that trade should be free from those duties which are impoed for purposes of revenue; those duties are of a different kind. But I want to have your opinion whether free trade is the best for all nations of the world. Do not applaud till you are quite cure. Be quite sure that you would like to see the cutlery of Germany compiting, in Great Britain and Ire!aad, with the cutlery of Sheffield. Be quite sure that that is your intention be fore you say one word of approbation. Is that your mean ing ? And do you think that your neighbours of Leeds and Bradford intend, when they talk of free trade, to admit the cloths of foreign manufacture to compete with the cloth of Leeds, with the yarn of Bradford, and with the flannel of Rochdale ? There is one other tspic which it may be useful to make an observation upon. Those among you who have been at all looking abroad during the last fortnight of three weeks must have observed that a very remarkable proceed ing has taken place in Italy. Now, whether that be or be not according to the law of nations, I will not here discuss ; but there is one question which I do wish to suggest for your consideration, whether it is right to put her Majesty's ministers in the situation in which they now arc—namely, that if I ask my noble friend on my right, the representative of the West Riding, or if I ask his subordinati a, the repre sentatives of this town—if I ask either of them what they mean to do—what they mean, in reference to what was said about the advantage of being prepared for war, I wish to know in what situation they would be when this pinching question is put to them, and when they are asked what they intend to do in consequence of the march of the Austrians across the Po ? Will they get up and say that the power which Austria has invaded is not a friendly power, and net only that it is not a friendly power, but that they do not even know that such a power exists ? I wish to know whether the inherited bigotry of the sixteenth century is to prevent us having an accredited minister at the court of Rome, and to prevent our considering that as a friendly power, the sweep ing of which away by Austria from the face of Europe would most materially affect the interests of all the other powers of Europe. I ask whether the English government wish to persevere in those absurd ideas ? I trust they do not ; and I trust when my noble friend again enters parliament, and when questions are asked upon that subject, the government will not be met by the protestant cry, "You must not have a minister at the court of Rome to protect the interests of Great Britain in Italy."—Col. Thompson rose to propose a toast, and was greatly applauded, He said it was so plain that all that bordered upon controversy should be banished from that table, that he knew aothing to which that assembly could so aptly be compared as to a festive union of men accustomed to tight under different banner*, but meet ing beneath a flag of truce. Great pleasure would be found in such union if it were only to relieve from the toils of contest. Great liberality, also, he was certain would be felt amongst men of honourable habits, and there would be no disposition whatever to take advantage of any little out break of natural feeling which might fall from any one indi vidual. For his part, he was glad to be able to protest per sonally against the poor and paltry policy which continually involved the chance of war, by being afraid to speak in opposition to it. Did men incur risks of that kind in private life ? Did they excite the attacks of the dishonourable and wicked, by being afraid to cry " Stop thief" when occasion was presented to them ? or had they not a consciousness that every evil act would be pursued, and it was by the acclama tions of the innocent that crime was prevented i Depend upon it there would be no disunion upon a point where the honour of the country was concerned. He felt great pleasure, because he was speaking in the presence of those who could not but feel it to be acceptable to find that such a feeling was prevalent among their countrymen, and particularly among that portiou of their countrymen among whom hostile feelings were suspected. There were times when their an cestors had fought, and with reason ; but he saw no reason for referring present disputes to the same common enemy. Another question to which allusion had beeu made he thought he might speak to with still more certainty for Brad ford—that the men of that town were convinced that there were no risks to run in free trade. They had examined the subject through, and were no longer to be deluded by the flimsy plea that if all the nations of Europe were content to lose in turn by monopoly, the share of one nation would be worth basing. They had seen enough to know better than this, and if they were asked, kende, as many as had been alluded to before, would be held up in opposition to such a proposition. Let the answer of the gentlemen of Sheffield lay in the re ception which they would give to the toast, long postponed, but which he was requested now to give them," The Healths of Lord Morpeth anti Richard Cobden, Esq., the represen tatives for the West Riding," and he hoped they would cheer them as they loved them.—Lord Morpeth said, I rise to return you my most hearty thanks for the honour you have just new been pleased to pay the members of the West Riding of Yorkshire. You are probably aware that my col league, Mr. Cobden, is now at a considerable distance from as—indeed, I am not sure whetto r, at this moment, he knows that the master cutler of Sheffield has any lawful claim upon his attendance. However, it may be truly said of him, that within the period of the last twelve months he has been no stranger to banquets in the halls of com merce and in the saloons of industry. I certainly 44 not feel myself warranted in treading upon all the ground which has been laid open to us by one of my prede cessor in the discussion of this evening —my noble and re spected friend, Earl Fitzwilliam. If the proposer of his health made some little breach in the hedge which separates us from the consideration of politim, I think it must be ad mitted that my noble friend made a clean thing of it. I think be drove the famous old family coach and six right through it. I am not quite sure whether he intended to put to me definitely the question, or whether he only gave me a foretaste of the interrogatories which my colleagues are to expect at the opening of the ensuing parliament. But I must frankly say at this moment, that I am not pre pared to answer whether the cabinet have resolved to acknowledge the Pope or to proclaim war with Austria. However, you are quite at liberty so put the question to my colleagues, and if they think fit they may answer it. Yen may put the question to the Secretary of the Treasury whether he has included an allowance to an ambassador of Rome in his estimates for the ensuing year ? and to the 6ecretary of the Navy, whether he has issued order* to fit out a scittadm to Mockacte Triato, and to take possession of , Ancona? However, I have the satisfaction oi ceived an assurance—an authentic assurance—from" my neighbour, the noble Lord Milton, that he is about intme• diately to proceed in a yacht to the Mediterranean, where, I hope, he will be able to guarantee the security of his holi nem the Pope. After a few other toasts and speeches, the meeting separated at about half-put 10 o'clock. EXPLOSION 1414 .VDEPECT --- IVE STEAM EIMER.— On Saturday last en inquest was held on the bodies of G. Fox, T. Hervey, and W. Otter, who died on the preceding day, in consequence of illjariel received from an explosion which took place at Mr. Hervey's steam corn-mill,Tiewark.— W. Marriott said: lam in the employ of Mr. J. Hervey, who has lately been erecting a steam-mill at his windmill at the Spitala, in this town. Thursday last, the 2nd of Sept., was the first day of the new engine being tried for grinding. Two men, in the employ of the engineers, hleeers.Csrter and Wharton, of Oainsborougb, came to see the engine tried ; also the deceased Timothy Hervey, a nephew of Mr. James Hervey. About three o'clock in the afternoon ofThursday the two men, whose names were W. Otter and G. Fox, were with the deceased Hervey in the engine -house getting some thing to eat; the engine was not then working , it had been stopped a few minutes. I and my master had Just left the engine-house, and I was standing near the fireplace outside, as was Mr. Wharton. He was trying what pressure of steam there was on, and I was asking him whether there was enough to grind the Mime, and he said " No." The index was at 26, when suddenly I heard a noise like a cannon, and a quantity of shoat ease out of the fireplace. I could away see far Mom. The door elks anginehouse, which opine ken the middle, was forced to by the steam, and it was mike fit t by the giving way of the brickwork, and shut the distowtol Morey, Otter, and Fox, in the eng i ne - house. In two cie three minutes the door wee bunt even, and they Ir r e e raar so lawere all don alive and emilhk, hat most helped to carry Hervey is my mister's boom; he laid is as, " I shall die; may Wide h ended.' The engine had been working k geisha. ors en Tharedny for about en bast before the easideetkappened, end bed been at about the some degree of pressor* diet it was when the . accident happened. I - - _ About twenty odolatto . one of the dermandi u rg ao tt e was rig t. The Jamul Mow. d N boa essitikg • sligaisibil w.ek 7 b is tig niuni elin. lelline of Sir' hailis i oot. I lot V" two le Ale! be heindieg t h e y we re is haw - 11 was 6 aortae of 10 hoop • do bolos tbo widen: I oat ow l b ris e d: ioNologo. 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