The Express. — London, England, 1856-07-07 00:00:00

r tie exprego. TO CORRESPONDENTS. dafalietasesta Wadded for "The gaprtes," Loades Keadm ps se. must bat the 011 e , 10, aoarerie-ettest. by The o'Clatt da lM day of po .11)3. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. T. I , A, —Morals,. M. iflarsoce. IL Ns. lu-ietrasew —Naming, Sk. flat AftBllloll. ei. LONDON, MONDAY, JULY 7. WE entirely °occur with a correepondent of the Daily Aa ws from Lubeck, that the time has now coos when Denmark must abolish the Transit Duties she has imposed on the transit of goods through the Duchies, as well as the Sound Dues, which she has so long extorted from ships passing through the mouths of the Baltic. He is quite cornet in hie statement that the imposition of the Transit Does is a gross violation of those ancient rights which the Hansa Towns won from the German Empire; he might have added, they are also at variance with all those sound principles which sway modern com merce. Except in Austria and Denmark, there - is not one European State in which transit does now exist ; and in Austria they are Loa. posed to eke out an insolvent revenue, while In Denmark they have been resorted to in order to protect and defend the Sound Dues. As, however, the Committee of the House of Commons en the Sound Dues bas turned its attentioa to the Danish Transit Dues, there is, we trust, some °bases that English diplomacy will again make a serious effort to induce the Danish Cabinet to abrogate a tax which inflicts a maximum injury on trade, and yields a minimum revenue to the State. The road which connects Hamburg on the Elbe with Lhbeek on the Baltic, is one of the most ancient in Europe; it is the shortest and most secure route from the • West to the North; it the passage through the Cattegat and the Belt, with its dangers, its ice, its high freights and high rates of insurance ; it is tLe natural mode of transit for all lighter and more valuable articles. Already British goods to the extent of 1,300,0001. a year use it ; and, if placed on the same footing as roads in all other civilised countries, its traffic would within three years be certainly trebled. But, unfortunately for Lubeck and Hamburg in parti cular, and for trade in general, the road for about half its distance pules through the German Dubin, which diplomacy, to the manifest advantage of Ruda, has insisted shall remain Danish. That gives Den mark complete power over this great arterial line of European intercommunication; and most perversely has Denmark used its power. For many years previously to 1839 the Danish Government, of malice prepense, rendered this road impassable for all heavy goods, and would not allow public conveyances to use it. At last, however, the two free towns insisted on its improvement, and im proved it at thi it own cost. Then, for the first time in history, Deem rk imposed Transit Dam, so heavy in uncut that all the countries concerned protested against the infliction. Newark yielded a little to the general indiguatice ; she con ciliated Rossi• by exempting from any duels those articles in the import of whisk Bessie enjoys nearly • monopoly, but which from their bulk would Lord PALNEUTON for a while by equal rates on goods liable to the duties, and by some modification of the tariff. The Hanes Towns appealed to the German Diet against any does on transit through Holstein and Lewisburg seen infraction of their im perial privileges and of treaties ; but the Diet, ready enough on all =maims to assist arbitrary princes, had no sympathy with the free towns, and they were obliged to submit. They did sot, however, acquiesce patiently. They fancied they saw • remedy for their grievance in railway enterprise; and the cepitalists of LObeek sad Hamburg constructed railroads, some 70 miles long, scam the Duchies to =sweet the two town', Den mark not contributing one Wiese to the work. Bat the railroads finished, the Transit Dees were imposed on them se well as on the ordinary rude, and each Is their pecuniary weight that they actually exceed the cost of the transport of goods. Bo that Denmark pre vents the line being used to the extent it otherwise would, and receives from the tolls it levies some 8,0001. a year, without rendering a Biagio service in return, and iu flitt ing grievous injury ce corameree,and preledicing in the most serious mow the literate of the shareholders by whom mosey this most metal work was muted. This conduct is so monstrous that it would appear incredible were there not a very intelligible reason for it. The real and almost avowed object of Denmark in introducing these Transit Duties was sad is toucan the revenue, it derives from the Bowed Dues, by interposing pecuniary obstacles to the transmission of goods overland, by which the long voyage round the Bound and the payment of the Bound Dues would be avoided. That ibis is the reason. t►e hisser which she has shown Rossi& from the first impurities of these due would be evidence fungi ; far ori ginally they were applicable to ell goods, only those coming from the west had to pay double rates, while those from the east had merely a single rate to contend against. On the suggestion of a retaliatory mew UM from Lord PAutaxerox, Denmark, however, abandoned these differential rates. Bat she exempted pitch, hemp, flax, hemmed, lisseed, lamp oil, tallow, tar, &c., all Rlllllll4ll staples, from payment of any dues. By this onosseica Reesia's support of the fransit Due system was purchased. Bat there is better evidence that by the Transit Dees Denmark seeks to protect the Baud Dues, than even the exemption of Russian exports. If the reader will look at • railway map, he will see that from • point midway between Hamburg and Lubeck, the railway starts away at Bamboo for Berlin, and so direct on to Breslau and Cracow, with SONS half dozen links connecting it with other great railway systems on either side. Were Denmark only seek ing re by means of these Transit Dees, they would be distinguished by uniformity of amount, regardless of the dm , inatioo of the goods on which they were levied. The very reverse, however, is the ease; for not only are Russian staples wholly exempted; bat while the transit duty to and from Hamburg and Lubeck is five ,killings Holstein cur ressey, and 6 per cent. thereon in the shape of fete, or 4jd. • cwt.; to or from Prussia it is only one stilling • cwt. on the rail, and for good' on the made in that direction nothing at all. Mark the scandalous injustice of this. The free towns of Lubeck and Hamburg are taxed by Denmark on • railway which they llionsoloo• mode, 181 48 extent equivalent to the freight, w►ilst Russia is allowed by Denmark to pass over untaxed, and Prussia, when lot brought into competition with the Bound navigation, is passed for one-fifth the amount extorted from the free towns. The thing is es UM. strong that to state it, one would really suppose would be to overthrow it. The Danish Government knows vary well that the imposition is untenable, and it purchased the aequi. menses of the free towns for a while by la article in the Treaty of July, 1840, whereby it undertook to reduce the duty " whenever a Asap i. the meditions of the traffic should acme Now, no greater change could wear then that which Denmark has itself proposed, the Adidas of the Bound Dees on compensation. If the passage of the Boned became free, and the existing or any doss remained on the transit across Holstein and Lanes burg, the conveyance of goods by that rotate would become practically impossible, foe *pyramid by transit duty while the Bound was untaxed, the road between Lubeck and Hamburg would n•awrily have to be abandoned. If, therefore, in coming to an arrangement as to the abolition of the Boned Da es with Denmark, Lord CLARENDON do not provide also for the abolition of these Transit Doss, be will secure 'for a bad route, for light goods, a preference over a good route, and seriously prejudice freedom of trade. The Danish Oovernment, long experience shows, does not care two straws for the remonstrances of the Hans. Towns on this or any other subject. Stronger infloenoes most, therefore, be brought to bear on the Cabinet of Copenhagen than any that Lubeck or Hamburg can exert. No country has a deeper ia. tweet in the question of free transit acmes the Duchies than England. Already Hamburg sends yearly to La beak British manufactures and British colonial pro duce of the value of 1,300,0001.; from Lubeck they are dispersed in steamers all over the Baltic; and it only requires the abolition of these Transit Duties very largely to increase this trade, and to give to Lubeck all its natural and acquired advantages. Roost= goods coming from the north scram the Doilies are almost all free; Prussian goods pay only one-fifth; but Hellish goods going to Lubeck are charged with a pecuniary birchen equal to the rail way freight. Lord CLAIINDON has, therefore, an irresistible case for interference. The subject has been fully brought under the oousideration of the Bound Dues Committee of the House of Com mons; sod it will not, we trust, be denied due prominence in the Report of a Committee over which so emioest a Free-trader as Mr. CHALLIS VILLILLS presides. At all events, it is quite impassible that the Bound Does can be settled without a concurrent settlement of the Lubeck and Hamburg, and also the Tonoingsen and Flensburg, Transit Duties; and it will be our business to see that popular attention is kept alive to the subject, should them be any indi cations of official apathy. gig Court. The Quell aed Prime Albert, aeaorepaeled by the Prise, of wa«, visitiod the Comities de Ninth', as Batar day aftereeoe, at Cluuscat. The Maehsits of Meat visited key Majesty at Macklashan palace. The Liar of this Belgians, tit* Primer Charlotte of &i e.., sad the Coast of Pleaders, attended by the Coaster airy*, Colossi de Meerkerke, sad Captain Hama, paid a visit to *a Crystal Palace, at Illydeshass, oa liatarday afteraeoa. The Fria* Cogent, attruded by Colegal F. H. Boar, rode oa honebeek with the Prises of Wales on Words, mernieg. Prises Arthur sod the Prlssolosos Belau and Louie west to the Royal &Weis ()artless in the ilesearwpark. Her Majesty mad Prince Albert, eeeenipaaWl by the King of the Belgians sad t►e Prisms Charlotte of Belgium end the Coast of Flaaders, treat to the Opera, at her Majesty's Theetre, fa t►e eyealag. The royal suite mu- Weed of tha Hon. Carolise Cavendish, the Comers el' Yoe, Lard Coneys, Coked de Neerkerba, Lord Charles Fitzroy, Colonel P. B. &meet, end Captela BernelL Testarday the goon and Prune Albert, the Priam of Wales, tit. Prisons Alice, ttit ladies sod geutlessen of the Coot, sad the domestic household, atteaded diviae service la the chapel et Buakiashava Palest. The Hon. end Very Boy. the Dona of Windsor Seated. The DIAN@ et Kest west OA damirlay, shaded by Lady Rasa Maria Dunes mad Mr Gimp Caspar. Rim Royal Highs= retuned to her madams, Clartaorhoem, St. Jamas% la the smalag. TM Dashes' el Gleameter paid visite yesterday to the Dashes, of Heat sad the Ream et Cambridge, at that rapacity' reeldsmeas. A Cabinet Council was held on Saturday afternoon at the Foreign-cam Downing-street. The ministers present were :—Viscount Palmerston, the Lord Chan cellor, the Marquis of Lansdowne, the Earl of Hu rowby, Sir George Grey, the Rut of Clarendon, Mr. Secretary Laboachere, Lori Panware, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Sir Charles Wood, the Right Hon. R. Vernon Smith, Lord Stanley of Alderley, the Duke 'of Argyll, and the Right How AL T. Baines. The mescal sat two hours. • Jeustatios of the Emestim Cumatttee of the Mar abeam latartioo of An Tinning, 1867, had so issiview with Vowing Palmerston as Saturday TM depstatios manned of Mr. Thew Faltbalra (chairman), Mr. Harm. sad Mr. Burs. The esmMiMiesitm for the &dunks of the National Debt had a %easterly militias ea Saturday, at the elks et the Cbauallos el the Bseheitaer, la Dowalavitraek Prams, —the Cliamielie of she Zwitwilser, the 00M110, of the Beak of Beglsed, and the Dernily-Goveraor. Sit •11111111. der ems:was, limitary sad Comptrolla-oeaersl to the Commissiosers, attended. The Judicial Comdata' of the Privy Mused sit ce Setarday. Present The Lards Jastkire Knlabt Bras sad Terser, Sir J. Pattosos Sir Jeha Dodson sad Sit Lawrence Pml. Jodi/mists were rives in the Admiralty ewes, " the Damfries," mad " the Mobile,' by Sis J. Privesoo. The appeal from Beasel. lienoo masperdisd Peaday R Mural Looswermi," was con "sued. liiistehea were seat oa eitharfay boss the sfles to tits Governors of Austrelia sad Gabralter. Dr sostshes ware rtrailvd frost the 0 'Tenon of the West Coast of Afries sad Efellgolasd. Despatches erne rewired yesterday fro. the Gess:sore of Boats had West Amaral* Ceyleo, had the Maeri.isa. MUSIC. HER MAJESTY'S THEATRE. The performasee or Saturday overlie, was ho. soured, far the list ties Pima the ro-oyealug of Her Ns jetty's Theatre, with the proseseo *f the firma mud him Royal Highseao Prises Albert. They wen saumpasiof by the King cf the Belgians, hia daughter the Friesen Char lotte, sad several °then of the Quota's illsaarious Odoom with a asserose awn*. TM haw showbiz woe um of the lulled sad mu briniest of ths meow. The opera was / Coolant( edi NOVaCCAi, is whlsb, slue its list produatios, Jataans Wagger has repeatedly ap peared with sedissisished manse. These remakes have sesirmed our opinion of the tar prima dosses swat powers as as mistress, sad of the utter %aislea of the mode to give soy adequate idea of ber %salines is a glair. Oa thb last, as es every penes' °cession, the deep topsails's made by bee cm the audios's, sad the worm applause she received, were ninny doe to the meth, twenty, sod pathos of Pm &smote masa, while her meet perfermasee, dam as ft unquestionably kg, was a emeadary °West of enmities. To be fairly estimated, 'shame War SM. a MOP ugh dermas artist, must be heard la some mastir work of the Clarissa stage. This we have Wiped ever since we int hand harp ►ot the hope is net likely to be speedily gratified. for the sent ohmmeter whieh she is to appose is, we understsad, to be Lemons Bersis—a part Is which, as is Humes, she most rely mush Wm es her powers ass singer than as &tragedian. Ths i;sw helot, Iw Cor►mint. se mach tbs nig at Paris, is so be prodae•d to-worrow, wit► tbo fair Bong is the &UMW of Nadas. At tho °road Opera this ballot Is of tho asosarrs sposiss; sad soma es oar stip, it wield i.e., Is to be of Solisidsbis dimmises; for ft is sasosasod that, es its list predestine, it I. to he pescodad by as war' sole et at loot half ea braes diners, sad that, oosseqsastly, ths agora will ossausass at hslf•past sorsa. Mr. Lawisy, kis said, is 'amiss idarislf so rival the Parisian stags la the spies. doss sad beauty of this ballet. TIM HARMAN OUTION.—Tbs sanial Havelan orstloo (.o I.stia) ins deli•erod o• &lords, is the thoolcs of the Rayed College of Physisiasa. Pall-11•11 Rent t by Dr. Asisatos Roo, is the promise of tie Bias* of Motet. Dieter of Bath sat Weil+, Provost of Oriel. W. I. Oh& MOOG, M.P., sad • somber of Mom sod wham of gm Wigs. Dr. Paris, tlo presidout of the coup, la the THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, JULY 7, 1856. ." LATEST INTELLIGENCE. LORD NORMANBT AT PARMA. A telegraphic despatch from Turin of yesterday's date, Worms as that the Marquis of Normasby, the English Minister at Florence; went to Parma on Friday, and immediately proomded to an inter view with the Duchess Regent. FRANCE. (110 K ova ow* coiassrowasms.) PARIS, BVKDAT EVIXIXII. The Jimiitetor do ?Amu publishes this morning a return of the losses experienced by the French army of the East, from May 1, 1854, the day of the embarkation of the troops for Turkey, up to March 30, 1866, (the date of the treaty of pesos). The death oasualtiee alone (the return dose not comprise the wounded who have not died of their wounds) were sa follows : Officers of all ranks Sub officers, corporals, and brigadiers 4,403 Soldiers Total deaths 62,492 These returns ere made up from authentic sources. The Mosieerr de rArtnes oblongs upon them that, although they are very painful, the losses which the army ham to deplore fall very far short of what exag gerated rumour had supposed them to be. The greater portion of the death. were ocouitmed by sickness. The table specifise the number of officers and men lost by each regiment, and also the losses of the staff, commissariat, sad medical and religious departments of the service. The nominative returns have not yet tome to hand. 1 The Monitear de eArtlled thinks it well in order to " corroborate" the authenticity of the above Ironing, and to " dissipate all doubts," to give at the earns time returns of the deaths occurring in the oath's French army (not in the Crimea) during the two years that the war lasted. This supplementary table is u follows : Men of all raoks and arms: In Algeria In Italy La the Bahia daring the top:whams of 1864 In France 13,835 Total 21,028 Bearing in mind that the army of the Crimea was at DO time, if ever so much, more than about a fifth of the entire French army, the proportion of casualties during the Crimean campaign was in deed enormous. The numerical returns show that in very many instanons single regiments lost the almost incredible number of upwards of 1,000 men. The 7th Infantry lost 1,662; the 28th, 1,511; the 28th, 1,305; and the 98th, 1,471 men. The Duchess de Montebello, widow of Marshal Lanus, died yesterday afternoon. Lord Howden has arrived in Paris from Madrid, on his way to Rogland. Yesterday tourism bells were inaugurated in the church of Bt. Nicholas da Chardonnet. The Em peror and Empress, who stood godfather and god mother, were repreeented at the oeremoey by the Duke and Duchess of Bansano. Each of the four bells bears the following inscription: Ludevicas Napalm 111., tangled:us Meath's Rome Par Masque sedate, haetium victor, Berme ',stain ;m . 0., bored' Maio !elicitor nismote, Ithgeniaque mamma ormiez me [oa the first Ludoricam. ea the second Nevoleourm, ea the third Berates, ea the fourth Jost:teem] anemias venial. R. is Chrism pater K. D. Aug. &boar Areh. Paris mihi braedicionem i octant. P.m.eatibus D D. Adalpho L ero y q.t.& Anise!, eireumecriptiorsibus XII. a : bi g es ejoeo. Lad N. B. Reimsevale, p troche et seatiemil reetne. Away Bardia, Lie •csr ' D blue, Brossritte, do Most-B see, Le Pena!, boson= faint er Admieistratoribus. Maio, MDCCCLVI. Each bell has, betides, s Latin distiob. On the great bell, weighing 1,030 kilos., dedicated to St. Louie, we reed : Triatia, lota Iwo, ngeiam past ?Tel& rite Siva preens mitmorasta, sire talon ease. The second, of 760 kilos., dedicated to St. Napo- leon, bean : Fats ssaaaa, bons, erten lasseqs• aid Nantio, Is tarsus pietas nine price.. On the third, of 600 kilos., dedicated to Bt• Eugenia, is inscribed : Du wear meta mit* Resta pu auras Letitia* torte, tristitimgas cam. TIN fourth, weighing 478 kilos., dedicated to Bt. John, has the following; Lapidaries:too, sates Gam, come, plebe= ; Noatio testa, piii Toss colobto Dom. The Mail/our of this day states that the Senate voted on Saturday, without dismission, a audit of 10 millions foe repairing the damages canard by the floats; and the inscription of three Renter in the name of the heirs to the Queen of the Belgians, the Duchess of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, and the Duchess of Wartemberg. Monsieur the Count Porten' read Ids report on the project of maatile oorienitam ocincerning the repuey of the Empire. " The reader," Nip the ilfonireur, "was interrupted and followed by frequent marks of approbation." PARIS, SATURDAY ETRNIXO. At the Bourse the rent. was week, and daring the greater part of the day but little business was done in it, while in other securities there was considerable buoyancy. florae perchuee for **count in the parquet during the last half hour produced a recovery in the rents from the lowest pricy of the day, but the last quotations were 71.60 and 72.05, being a fall of 200. for seek and se. for account. Credit Mobilisr rose 10E, sad Bank of France 601. TIM* wee a great movement in the Mediterranean and Grand Central Railway., owing to reported projected arrangements considered advantageous to both those lines. It is said that the Mediterranean Company is in negotia tion for, and will probably obtain, a enneeelion of the line from Alai' to Puy. It is fur ther reported that the Grand Central will cede to the Mediterranean Company the line frees Pay to Clermont, and also a third part of the Bour bonnais network. Farther, it is expected that the Mediterranean Company will obtain the branch to Nice, and that government will waive its right to a share in the profits exoreding 8 per cent. In Gnaw queue of the above rumours Mediterraneaa rose nearly 261., and Grand Central about 30f. All the other lines were very firm, and many realised im provements of from sf. to 10f. SPAIN. MADRID, SATIIIIIDLY. Five incendiaries were shot at Palencia on the 4tb. A woman is to be execnt,d to-day. The Gaudio contradicts the report that the go verment bad readved a despatch frau M. de Olossga, the Spanish Ambassador at Paris, containing magges lions from the Slower of the French, on the alib ied of the events that had ocearred in Castile. THE UNITED STATES. ARRIVAL OF THE ERICSSON. (IT mAaNano IIIL1ILP11.) (PICK ova OT/1 00113111.011 DINT.) LIVERPOOL, lleirnmr. This iserning the United States Mail abs.-ship Nriesesa, Captain Lowber, arrived in the Morley, with the tuella from the Caked States and British North Almeria. She left New York on the 21. t alt., and has brought eighty passengers and 200,000 dole. in specie on freight.. Hee sew hos been estieipated by the aerial of the Arabia. ITALY AND PIEDMONT. IT AN ITALLIJI WHO IS NOT ♦ NATIVE OP PIEDMONT. LETTER 11. is, I believe, • strange phenomenon, and fraught with great meaning for the future destinies of Italy, that Piedmont should have achieved liberty without a revolution. It is, as far as lon low remem ber, the only state in the Old World, or in the New, that has shaken off absolutism without passing through the phases of popular commotion—the only country that has never been the theatre of important insurrections—the only region in which revolt or even mutiny seems to be an utter impossibility. The Hones of Savoy has been in possession of part at least of her Italian possessions for the last eight centuries. Musa and its valley, as well as Aosta, were never lost to its princes except during very short intervals of general European convulsions. On the bastions of Turin the cram of Savoy has waved with only very short interruption ever s ines 1280. Pinerole, Toren, Chiesi, Cram, Noe, Mondovi, Toseano, &c., have all come under the sway of the same rulers by sponta neous dedition during the 13th and 14th centuries. A few unmeaning salt riots in Moodovi, and the tragical events in the districts of the Waldenses, have been the only bateau, of serious disagreement be tween the princes of Savoy and any of the various communities subjected to their sceptre; and even these self-averting populations have at all times given proofs of the most unswerving, most heroic devotion to the very sovereigns who ruthlessly scourged them. Victor Amedeus IL, towards the end of the 17th century and the beginning of the following, had to hunt down the man. taineers of Mondovi with fire and sword; he burnt and devastated their villages; he hung up the rebels by hundreds on the ruins of their desolate dwellings ; he conveyed 4,000 of their families into captivity in distant lands. The resentment of that brave but fierce race against their destroyers was so greet, that in 1797, the country having fallen into the hands of the French, the people of Mondovi asked and obtained leave of the city of Vercelli to uubury the remains of Des Mayen ' a foreign soldier of for tune, who had been the chief instrument of the direful executions that had laid waste their lands under Victor Amadeus; they dug up those remains more than ninety years after they had been consigned to the earth, and they scattered them to the winds. Yet, strange to say, Victor Amedsua himself, the primary author of all their misery. came up to them, in 1706, when all his State was overrun by the Peen:kited his capital besieged by 60,000 men—he came up to the Mondovese nearly alone, and not only did he meet with a friendly and cordial reception among his Gl ued subjects, but they all took arms with and for him; they followed his sinking fortunes, and were with him in all the encounters which compelled the French to raise the siege of Turin, and ended in the total destruction of their formidle host. There is something almost miraculous in this fide lity of a brave people to their harsh, however well meaning, royal master. Can it be that loyalty is the only safe basis of liberty p I have already said, in 1796 Piedmont was the only state in Italy that fell by the band of the French and not by its own band.' In 1821, Santa Roes, Moffa di Lillis, and the other Carbonari patriots, conspired, but only in the name of their Ring, and hoped not only to have their King on their side, but to help him to the conquest of Lombardy and the deliverance of all the net of Italy. In 1831, again, the Piedmonts". consented that the Italian banner should be raised, but in the name of Charles Albert. In 1833 Menial only suc ceeded in corrupting a few noncommissioned *Sorel and privates of the :Sardinian army, but for the rest, found the whole of the Piedmont's. nation strongly averse to his schemes. Notwithstanding great unnecessary harshness on the part of the Riog's government, and the blind favour evinced by that weakminded Charles Albert towards those public esemies, the haute, the faithfulness of the Piedmon tsse continued unshaken, and when at last in 1846, that King showed some inclination to bask with Austria. and to take op the championship of Italy, his Piedmonts." clung to him in victory and in defeat, and were at last rewarded by the honesty and consis tency of his son, and achieved that freedom which makes them now an object of the envy of the world. Can anything be more painful than the contrast of this Happy Family of Piedmont with the condition of any other Italian community ? Look at Milan and Lombardy raving for their republican freedom— i. sheer anarchy—in the middle ages, only to fall into the hands of the most hideous &spots—monsters in human frame—those &thus, Visconti, aid Storms, who all died off like so many generations of mad dogs and vipers, agreeably to the names and &viol!s they rejoiced in,only to leave the miserable country they had brutalised by tyranny an easy prey to foreigners for an incalculable course of futon ages. Look at Florence and Tuscany, trying every experiment of fickle democracy only to bow in the end to the craft of the Medici, and to be handed over to Austrian princes, who have not preserved even the semblance of independent existence. Look at Naples and Sicily, conquered and organised into a compact state by a handtul of Norman adventurers ever since the 12th century, and peeling from the Normans to the Suabiaos, from these to the Anjone, from the An ors to the Aragoness, and hence to the Spaniards and Austrians, without ever b.tioniog attached to any of their ruler., without ever standing up either for their sovereigns or for themselves, a kingdom ever conquered wi , host a battle, ever overthrown without a blow. Look at Parma, passing from the Roman Farness to the Spanish Bourbons. Look at Modena, inherited from the Este by Austrian archdukes. Finally look at the Roman Btates,subaued piecemeal by priestly craft, ever fretting against papal rule, ever compelled to bow to it, yet ever ready to protest and to rise against it. Can it be that the destinies of Italy may ever have anything in comma with the destinies of Piedmont ? Can loyalty, which is the safeguard both of the house and of the state of Savoy, ever spring up in other Italian bosoms? Alas! the experiment was made in 1846, and, had Heaven averted the great evils of the French revolution of February, 1848, it might have bees crowned with encases. The great movement of 1846, which was truly direct and spontaneous in Italy, proclaimed pesos and goodwill to all the rulers of Italy, and up to February, 1848, the reconciliation seemed a d was sincere every where. That move meat sprang altogether from Pradmantees influence. The apostles of the new Italian political creed, Oioberti, Rath*, and d'Azeglio, WON all Piedmontese, and from the moment Pius IL listened to them, it seemed as if Italy had found at last s plausible solu tion to the great question of life and death which has so lung been pouting all European statesmen. But the reconciliation between princes and subjects any where but in Piedmont was hollow and transient. I will not inquire which of the parties broke faith : I honestly believe the Pope and King Ferdinand were driven too hard. Had the patriots shown greater moderation the primes would not have dared to meditate or could not have hoped to achieve a counter-revolution. But whoever might be in fault, the retrograde movement took place, and now the enmity between princes and subjects is at its height, end the Italian question would seem to present only one means of solution—and that is revolution. And yet can any man in bin smote have faith ie revolutions? Can revolution in Italy have any but the most destructive tendencies P and has Italy evr exhibited any talent for construction? And can revolution be tried in Italy without calling down the animadversion of all peacts.loving Europe P The only Italian state that bee achieved Warty, that has reconciled freedom with order, is Piedmont, and there revolution has always been, is now, sad ever will be an impossibility. No, no; even after all that bas taken place, even with half Modena and all Perms in a state of siege; even with a miniature reign of terror in Tuscany; with the prisons over. flowing with the best of men in Naples; with a Pope sitting enthroned on French bayonets—that bed of roses; even with governments seeking cot the worst scoundrels in the state to trust them with the power to torture and degrade their fellew.beings ; even with all the oryisg evils which are turning four-fifths of Italy into a dos of wild besets, I dare to aimed and racial= that the safety and the liberty of Italy are to be soeght not in revolution but in recoosiliation. We mast go back to the idea, of 1048. Piedmont never went beyond those ideas—end is happy. What! reconciliation with Louisa of Bourbon and Ferdinand of Naples! It Is a cruel theory to bold out to the Italians apparently, bat we mast bow tb the omnipotence of fate, or, if you like it better, to the inevitable will of Providence. Revolution isi an impossibility. Who, in 1836, would have reached oat a friendly hand to Charles Albert, stained OA he was with the blood of several 'cores of innocent vio -1 time, with overcrowded prisons also, and priests and Jesuits riding rough-shod over him and over his people? Yet the reconciliation proved to be practi cable, as it was desirable. Men pass away and prin ciples remain. There is something in the world stronger than all the wickedness of King Bombs, and than all the infatuation of Pio Nono—and that is public opinion. Let only the Italians be reasonable, and even their bad prisms, or their suc cessors, will be made to hear reason, u Charles Albert I heard it. Only in this work of reconciliation between the Itali►ns and their princes foreign powers, and espe cially England, an give a helping hand, and I shall endeavour to show in what way their aid can be made most efficient. MANIN ON THE AFFAIRS OF SICILY. TO TDB ZDITOR OP TOD DAILY PIWS. Patio, le 4 jnillet, 1856. Monsienr,—Quelques journaux patient de nom bransa petitions quon signerait en ce moment dans plusieurs endroita do royaume des Deux•Bicilee poor retablissement de la Constitution de 1812. Si le fait etait vrai, je 1e regretterais. On aerait entre, a mon avis, dans nue fame vole, de !Knelt. it fattd reit se biter de nadir. IA Constitution legalement existents eat cells de 1848, et non pas cells de 1812. Or it set cleir qu'on ea trouve mar on terrain beaucoup plus solids en gielamant l'execation d'nae loi existante, qu'en petitionnant pour le rfitabliseement d'ane loi deji abolie. De plus, l'acceptation unanime de la Cons' itution de 1848, par tons les habitants do territoire des Deux- Smiles en degi et an dell du Phare, constatant l'abandon de touts idea separatists, oonstiinerait nn gage d'amitie et de fraternite intro les NapoMains et les Bielliens, les unirait dans tears efforts contra l'ennemi common, et oonperait court a la tactique unique du gourernement, qui, fidet• a la maxim* de toutes les tyrannise—Divide et impera--• rhabitude d'exploiter de malheureuses antipathies municipales, pour se arra. des Napolitains contra les Siciliens, et dee Sicilians contr. lea NapoMains. Eolith crest settlement en prenant commie point d'aponi la loi existent., cost a dire la Constitution ie 1848, pie l'on pent employer le moyen oarcitif do refus des imp 6 a. J'ai beaucoup de coofiance dans ce moyen. Pour en rendre l'efficacite encore plus ithre, je pease qa'il fau drait repandre I prolusion tine declaration qai dirait pen pris oeci "Ls regne de la loi vs bient6t venir quiconque l'aura violee deers rendre Mors us compte rtgoureux de sa conduit.. L'indalgenoe qua pourraient reolamer quelques sates irretlechis antiiieurs a cet arertissement, no saurait s'etendre I nut act* poate ritur. " Tout fonotionnaire de quelque rang qua ce qni aura prate la main d'uoe maniere quelcooque aux violations de la loi commiess par le gouvernement, en devra repoodre de sa penmene et de sa fortune : lee pereepteurs des imptitedevront rembourser de leer argent lea 11101:0010111 gulls &orient illegalement percues : et les acquiretirs d'objets vendus au prejudice des contribuables reagent l'impdt smut eossidetes et traitilecentne des poseaseurelllegitimes et de mauvaise foi." Si fon fait tout oela bMn et avec accord, je anis persuade qu' on foroera le gonternement i ceder lane Maier tine amoroe. Avant six moil von. aorta Potato pteaident du Conseil des Minietres; Oa bien Is revolution, at VICTOR EMMANUEL pro elan& ROI Li' ITALIE. Agrees l'uourence de ma onsideration distingues. MANIN. Party, July 4,1858: Sir,—borne journals speak of numerous petitions which rimy now he signed in several places within thy king dom of the Two Bicilles for the re eitsbliditnent of the Con stitution of 1812. If this were the case I should regret it. In my opinion, we et mild have entered upon a wrong path, from which it would ha necessary speedily to withdrew. The Conatitntion existing by law is that of 1848, not that of 1812. Now, it is obvious that we stand upon much firmer ground by demanding tha observance of an existing law than by petitioning for theye-eatabliabmeat of a law already abrogated. Moreover, the unanimous acoeptanee of the Constitution of 1848 by all the inhabitants of the Two Sicilian, on either side of the Phan, proving as it does the abandonment of all sepa ratist nations, would be a pledge of friendship and of brother h iod between the Neapolitans ited the Sicilians, it would unite them in their effort■ against the common enemy, sad it would cut short the wicked Ueda' of the 'wee tomcat, which, faithful to the m►xim of all tirannies—Deinde et sere "re —is wont to foster wretched municipal antipathies f the purpose of making Ise of the N• apnliteurs egaburt the Sicilians, and tf the &cilium& spinet the N. apilitaes. Lastly, it is only by haying recourse to the existing law, namely, the Constitution of 1848, as a posit d'aprati, that it becomes possible to use the compulsory means of refasing the uses. _ _ I have great emiadenee in them means. In order W insure their efficiency se fir as poseibie, I think it would be requisite to pablish far and wide a declaration something la this form " The rugs of law is at hand: whosoever shall have vio lated it must then render a strict account of his conduct. Lay indulgence which might be claimed for acts done with out greinelitation Whit, this notice it will be impossible to extend ti any act done after such notice. " Beery nodal, whatever hie rank, who shall bare lent himself in any way to violations of the law petty : Arvid by the governmitot will be required to answer therefor by his potent and his fortune. The collectors of taxes will be re • coined to pay back out of their own purse all sums of money illegally collected ; and the perchaeen of articles sell to the damage of those tax plyerg who refine to pay the tan will be deemed to ho sod will be treated as having an unlaw fel sad mairifide pow siion." If all this were done well, and by °neaten agreement, I am persuaded thtt the government would be compelled to yield without drawing a trigger. Before six months you will have Potato president of the Conseil of Misisiere • Or the revolution, and Vsdnou EXMANOIL proclaimed Bing of Italy. ll,cesve the assurance of my high eonsideratioo. MARIN. Tai LATE Gown RUDIGEIL—We read in the levalui• Rusts Oo the 23rd of Julie, died at Crabbed, lo Bohemia, after a loog illness A.D.C. General Ruli `er, commander thbf -eb of the ; corps of O snd that or the Grenadiers. For fifty-siz yean lie set the 's ample of military valour, and was one of the soirees of glory to the Rumba army. Count RCA-tiger took an @wive put to the memorable campaigns of 1807, 1808,1812, 1813, and 1814, in the ware of Turkey, Pohlad, and Hunger,. His tome will be d io the memory of his grateful coantrymes, and will for ever be remembered by the Rua ens army. more especially by the troops I laced under his osearnand." _ _ _ ----- EXECUTION IN DENMARIL—CapitaI punishment. Sr. exeremely rare In Denmark, and when consequently one takes place, it *cc Woos an immense ion. The an nouncement biz days ego that a female miler sent.. co of death In the prison of Greets, proviso. 01 J•ttleed (where it is certain there has been no estimates f r 300 peep), was to be executed the next morning, not only plunged the wh, le town and neighbeuring country iato commotion, but attracted crowds from a great distance. The coedemned Wass young woman peened Gertrude, daughter o' John, a . Peasant (in Demme , peasants hare no lousily same.), and her crime was murdering her husband by discharging a loaded pistol at him. Whop 'old that her last hour had come, sad that she must proper* to die, she said that she bad no need of preparation, and at ones quietly pot on ber cap and shawl, after welch she said she was ready. When the moment cams to set out for the seaff,ld, she refused to be convoyed in a cut, but teking the executioner by the arm walked there firmly. Having ton up the steps All steed near the fatal block, listening with great calm to the reading of the text of her condemnation—a very prolix document. She then took cif her cap and shawl, threw them to her her, and bandaged her eyes with her r ecker chief; she then knelt down, and plead her neck on the Mick. A moment after the axe fell. The extraordinary calm of the woman astoeishel the spectators, who were upwards of 20 000 in num`er. The Governor-General of St. Petersburg, in &sr diesee to an imperial order, bee just enjoined all boatmen, fishermen, conveyers of goods by water, der., to enter into a written engagement that they will permit no private person hiring their craft to take soundings of the waters along the shone I. the reernment of St. Petersburg, nor la any breach el the /Jaye._ - . - - The Emperor Alexander and the whole Rossian ceert lababit, at treats', the saageideent residence of Tsersk , i which Is within less than an boat's ride fres the capital by railway. The steamer, Oaten, just returned from Japan, has %fought AA premenui from the Zwpwor far the King of the Netherland,. Batasis; View (111114. C w re: y re o lli w ) is pessul tpulia, thro to u ie Brussels these days eV os hue ha wally. THE UNITED STATES. The British and North American royal mail steam. ship Arabia, Captain James Stone, arrived in the Mersey on Saturday night from New York, with 173 passengers, and 1,370,803 dole, in specie. The Arabia sailed from New Y‘lk on the 25th ult.; her advices are, therefore, full one week later than previously to hand. She reports the arrival, on the 22nd, of the United States mail steamship Atlantic, from Liverpool, and the North Star, from 13remen and Southampton, at New York. The Ericsson sailed for Liverpool on Jose 21, with two hundred and one thousand dollars. The Arabia passed the Africa July 2. By reports from Washington it appears that " the preliminary steps towards the organisation of an ex. tenure plan for cutting off the business patronage of the South from the Northern aboli , ionists," had been taken in that eity. It is proposed to establish an agency in New York before the commencement of the fall trade, who will take such ineat.tires as will effect the objects desired. The matter is also to be laid before the Southern Commercial Convention, to be held in Savannah in December next. The Secretary of the Navy has ordered the United States propeller Arctic, Lieutenant Berryman, now at Brooklyn Navy Yard, to be fitted out immediately to make soundings for the New York, Newfoundland, and London Telegraph Company, between St. John's, Newfoundland, and Valentia Bay, on the Irish coast. The officers appointed to the vessel are Lieutenant Commander I). H. Berryman, Lieutenant Strain, Acting Muter J. 0. Mitchell, Passed Midshipman Thomas and Midshipman Barnes. Eighteen able bodied seamen have been advertised for, and it was expected that the steamer would leave on her expedi tion in about four mouths. In the Senate, on the 24th, a message was received from the president, in response to a resolution asking for a copy of the instructions to Mr. Buchanan, late minister at England, on the subject of the invitation to the British government to enter into a treaty similar to that between Russia and the I; sited States, recognising the principle in favour of neutral nom mem, that free 'hips make free goods, contraband of war excepted, and that the goods of a friend captured on board the vessels of an enemy, with the like ex ception, shall not be subject to confiscation ; and furthermore, that the parties shall apply these princi ples to the commerce and navigation of all such powere and states as shall consent to adopt them on their part as permanent and immutable. Mr. Marcy, among other things, says, that France was likewise invited to enter into a similar treaty, and that he apprehends no serious objection excepting from Great Britain, and but for her resistance to the principle that the neutral flag protects the property which it covers, if it be not contraband of war, it would long ago have been regarded as a well-established rale of inter nationel law. She has implicitly admitted its justice, by adopting it u the guide of her conduct in the present war with Russia. If it is lair towards nett ' trate to act upon it now, it will be difficult for her to devise good reasons for not obeerving it in all future wars. In the Senate on the 23rd Mr. Toombs gave notice of another plan for the pacification of Kansas. He proposes to have a census taken of the population of the territory, • registration of voters for the proteo. tion of the freedom of the ballet-box, and an election of delegates to a convention to form a constitution, preparatory to the admission of Kansas as a state, as early as practicable. Mr. Evans made a speech in vindication of South Ca:olina's revolutionary exploits and in reply to the speeches against the Sumner assault. In the house, in accordance with previous arrangement, territorial business was taken up. The bill providing for the survey of the southern bona dary of Kansas was passed. The bill authorising the people of Oregon to form a state government was considered. Pending an amendment requiring Oregon to have • population equal to the ratio of representation established by the last census, the house adjourned. The he►t of the weather in New York had been intense, but was interrupted on the previous Sunday by a sudden squall, wbich did much damage in the bay, and was followed by a severe storm of thunder and lightning, lowering the temperature very agree ably. COMIdEKCIAL INTELLIGENCE. NEW YORK, Just 23. Foreign each/min ars very aria, and although the demand is not brick, bankers are quite indifferent to draw at the present high I quotations. The namely is limited, and email sums only can hs es. petted from the South before the new crop of cotton comes in ; the stock of old cotton being extunsted, the thins:ens for the next en 'reeks will be of no extent. We quote bthkers' bills, 60 days' siot,, on London, 100 l to 170 ; Park, 3.11 ; Antwerp, 6.161 ; Amsterdam. 411 Hamburg ssi ; Bremen, 791 ; Frankfort, 441 ; Berlin. Leipie. sad Cologne. 72 to 74. At them rates shipments of specie will pay s and one and a half million or mare will go out by the Arabia. The expert of movie, large are it likey will be for the next four can hardly stint the may poeition of cur money market, capital being actually abundant, and the prevent supply within a few days will be increased by the temi.olonthly anvil or gold from Citalotnis and b 7 the payment of interest on government bonds. Fragnts are firmer. To Liverpool, 90.00 bushels grain, some for next moon., at KJd. to 7d. In bulk, and W. In ship's bap ; 12,010 to 11,001 hurtle flour, Is. 45d. to 2s. 6d., and 1,100 balm cotton, 3-16 d. To Landon, 8,060 barrels Aura, 2s, 9d. to 3a. To Glasgow, 1,306 berme 6thr, 2a. Id. to 3s. There appears to have been a fair amount of orden far bresdatuffs by the steamer, and the market for tow rade* tholes some improve. MOIL The sales to.day are 18, •00 barrel., a fair pot tion of which wen the export. State brands sell at 3 dots. 10c. to 6 dole 601.: western brands, 6 dole. 66e. to 6 role. lOr. Included in the sales are some 2,000 barrels Canadian, phi at 5 dole. 60c. to 6 dots. 25c., and 3,400 barrels southern at 6 dolt. 30c. to 8 don. Wheat under the advance' freight demand opened dull, but st the close a further advance of 2c. to 3c, per bushel wa. obtained. The smith add up 114.0,000 bushels. Corn le a.so firmer with fair hairier doing. In sugars the market rut hat quiet. Amen MIA but little doing in cotton, holders demanding a concession. CIVIL LIST P3IISIONS. The following list of pensions was granted be. t,..en the 20th day of June, 1855, and 'he 20th day of June, 1866. and aerated up n the Civil List :—Thomme Dick, D.C.L., in c insidersuun of the eminent semen he has rendered to literature and science-601 J. eeph Haydn, Ist . . oonsideretion of hie matril and valuable r additiOns 10 standard literature-251. Mrs Paul n^ Do Plat (widow of the late Brigadier.Geaeral Du Plat, It E.). is consideration of the distinguishod weir.. of her hoshand, and the a rairened eicunistanos in wbtch then placed by his decease —lOOl Psyche Doge Elzsbeto Host* (despair of the late Sir William Hoot.), m consideration nt Ito naval service, of bar fattier, and her own den tote and infirm condition-504 Mrs. Fanny Drummond Lloyd (widow of the late Limit.- Codnel LI,11), in consider' ion of the lo,ng aetl, diplo. antic, and military IeIVIOOP f her husband, his active ex ertions in the Dist during ihe present war, up to the period worn he tell a v.ctirn to dices**, and the state of desti tution in which she is placed by his decease-1004 Ssnauel Lover, to caraideraticn t f his eminent ureic's to I tcrature-1001. Francis Pettit Smith, in consideration of his great and, for a long period, gratuit run mittens con nected with the introduction of the strew propeller ink) her Majesty's 'lrvine-200/. Jane, Emily, Sarah, and Louisa Cathcart (the three eldest claught.rs of the late Liem.G.neral Sir George Cathcart), pensions of 1001. a rot each, in cansideration of the diatinguished service of their father, and his death on the field of battle when to command of a division of her IsLjesty's forees-3001. John D'Aitan, in co..iderstion et hie iiteriiry meets, and Oil numerous contributions to the history, topography, and statistic. of bristle-50/ Mrs Maria Long (widow of the late Frederick Bickford Lang, Inspeetor•General of Prisons in Ireland), en additional pension of 501. • rear, is contd. deratios of the services of her busbaod, in consequence of whose death, from filar.. cintradei in thu mention of hit duty, she bee been left, with • large family, in eircuoistacces of great &stress— 501. Catherine sad Emily Ba 4, and Mrs. Mary Ward (dated- Ws of the late Mr. Daily, of the War office), in considers lion cf eh r bog and mati•r Moos s-evicts of torir (Aker, and their own di stitote condition-501. Thonissine Ram, in eon.ideration of her lit y merits-501 Mn. Mary Haydn (widow of the lase Mr. Mine ), in consideration of the ▪ roue awful souks c intrtbute to standard Humors by bar late husband, and the destitute position is which she is placed by hi. decessr-251 John O'llnnovan, in canticle ration of his valuable c .stributiors ,•, a-went Irish history owl literature-604 ; tasking a total of 1,2001. V TRADE BETWEEN FRANCE AND AUSTRALIA.—W. notice a amt. priit.fyirg (*.tore in our mercantile adeien from Sydney, which we trust will lead to most profitable result.. A great increase was sprinising •p in the direst trade of the Australian colonies ssi:h France, and it WM likely to .*eery further augmentations from the more liberal commercial a miry which has been letisly adopted under the present regime is that country. In eonnexiom with this ealject it should b Imo* in mind that rocs the lot of January ia the present yesr, the imp .rt duties have been abolished upon wool from the Australians colonies artists( in French ports in French revtered ships. It was expected In the colonies that this remission would lead to • large increase is direct tranimetiorne with • mist profit able customer. It appears that in 1834 about 50,000 balsa: of Australian wool were purchemed in the United Lingdoen for the French markets, direct importetioas iron' thin eoltraies themselves being only fa embryo. Lent year, aver, their direct exports were about 5,500 bales; a tithe a I the quantity purchased in Macleod the precious view Diarieg the first few soothe or the present season, howeversi no less a qeantity than 4,47.5 bales have been directly et. ported to Frain', se Increase iodicatise of the no; a s o t= tifying melte for the fatank—Asistraban wed Now Goatee.