The Express. — London, England, 1852-04-14 00:00:00

vie erprtoo. TO CORRIIIPON DINTS. • firre -4 Ultima ;F" ii;liTtrett." — ;;lllZWltite rise moires Orrettr," Is published essy Tutelar rad ?Sap Is Use ter strree tweets. Wended kr .The Szprans." Lades Erasing pops. mu. M at tts• Olim, Tin Vint es elbr . . MOB WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE Tru DAT-110/111ag, 1GA.41.... ...—Allanace, I lb. 22.. Iro• rasaew—ilambs. Ilk. 1/110..........Akime5, IU. 00. LONDON, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 14. Silt JAMES MATHESON'S offer to the government of the Island of North Rona as a penal settlement, suggests some views on convict discipline, which may possibly lead to practical and useful conclusions. M uy we not, by the use of some such isolated spot near home, secure all that is advantageous in the transportation system, without incurring its manifold and palpable evils ? The reason why our criminals were sent to the antipodes was not to obtain the mere security of distance, but an opinion that excel lent colonies could be raised out of the moral refuse of our home society. Reasoning and fatal experi ence have, however, shown how evil a thing it is to sow new ground with such seed. Tho colonising ad vantages of the penal settlement have been aban doned us fallacious, for reasons too obvious and well known to be repeated. The penal disadvantages of the system were numerous and flagrant. It was im possible to make punishment sure and commensurate with the offence, under a system which gave so much influence over the convict's fate to accident, his own ingenuity, and the temper and inclination of irresponsible individuals. The gambling propensity —the inclination to brave anything that is a risk only and not a certainty—is deep-rooted in the cri minal nature, and is one of the main causes of all its miseries. In rumours of the fate of transported con victs. the good luck of the minority stripped of all its premonitory horror the misery of the majority. Nor were the sanguine, reckless fools—of whom our criminals mainly consist—without substan tial encouragement to qualify themselves for a passage to the land of promise. Rumour from time to time told of convicts who hail made for tunes by keeping whiskey stores, who drove phaetons, kept pucks of kangaroo hounds. and gave great din. nen, to the envy of the poor magistrates who had despitefully used them. Finally, distance removed the control of the responsible home authorities over one of the must delicate and difficult of all opera tions. Abuses, and mistakes leading to such condit ions .is the horrors of Nortelk Island. went on year after year unrectitied. But we need not enlarge on evils so, generally admitted. An extensive penal system in the bosom of society, has its evils also. One—and a very considerable one—is that the people in general do not like it. They feel uneasy in having to rub shoulders with a cluster of knaves and ruffians. The employment of convicts under immediate and visible physical coercion in the middle of the population, after the manner long pur sued in France and Germany, is too obviously de moralising and disgusting to be attempted here. But wren when they arc confined within walls, there is a feeling of apprehension that it is dangerous—con templating the possibility of popular outrages--that a number of the worst men, and the bittenit ene mies of society, may ho at °lice enlisted by am bear gent mob strong enough to break down the ttlrmisr fortifications of some _great prison. The reeelleellse of the Lord GEORGE GORDON riots makes seek ep prehension' not quite unreasonable, and the amiss fifty of dispersing convicts through many compara tively small prisons renders large, and therefor, economic, plans of penal discipline impracticable. One good reason for the prison system undoubtedly is its furnishing a living testimony to the criminal classes that punishment is in actual operation ; that it is not a mere myth wafted over from distant and un known regions. The thief passing the prison wall knows to a certainty that his brother thief is inside, and the assurance is salutary to society in general. But we cannot have all our prisons in the haunts of all our criminals, and the crowded city districts fre quented by the clan are, for obvious reasons, ill suited for a safe and well regulated prison. It has been found necessary of late to seek comparatively isolated spots for the great penitentiaries; but if the place of punishment be out of the way of the daily walk and observation of the St. Oiles's bird, it may as well be at Rona, or any other place in the extremity of the United Kingdom. The fact that his convicted brethren are there will be one on which he can feel little doubt, and be will know veer well that a stony island off the north-west coast of Scotland has no Pergolas, and cannot to the most sanguine open up visions of inexhaustible gold diggings. Wherever we place a prison in any of our rural districts or smaller towns, we are sure to disturb the economy of the place by competition with its labourers, and in many other shapes, while we set an odious object, fall of dreary associations, before the neighbourhood. It is well to get the system out of sight if we can do so without getting it out of mind. Few can believe that the offer of Sir Jeans Marne-sox is a 'elution of the oxtails's)/ dillsalt question of penal discipline; but it tom be be worthy of thoughtful exaeliesdahod we have seen many schemes less capable et abreiller at least immediate scrutiny. It is not necessary to hold that the island offered to the government is the best for the purpose; and, should it not turn out to be the most suitable, and a better be suggested, the purchase money would not be likely to weigh in the selection. It would, for instance, manifestly save expense that the island used for a great penitentiary should be naturally inacces sible to vessels, except at some one point which might be easily guarded. It is said that the island in the wild sea between Orkney and Shetland, called (haws a nom legends) the Fair Lk, is of this cheese ter. At all events, it would bo quite practicable to make the chances of escape from such a settlement infinitely fewer than they can possibly be made in distant colonies like Sydney and N'an Diemen's Land. WE printed on Saturday • letter addressed to the President of the Board of Trade by McGurn COLE and REDORAVZ, the new supenntandsats of the Department of Practical Art. This hater, which is to accompany the miseilluneous estimates for the year,. contains remote maw the preesal state of As existing schools of awls%sae sgapetisas as to the future orpeimation dems leslitallens. Now, both these reamhe and seigestise me regularly sine borative dee seldom widsh ws have item time to time mined with regard to theeshele in inseam, and yds roes in demolishing a ilea wide his bees sat up by a Mr. Women's in oiliation to the strislarie el ourselves and ethers. This gintimae, who hatnese the guide is ems of thee @sheds, on the Mee Mot sPrehl letter to a ripe jest remold te Ise Besse ea the " state and perm dee Ids* of Deign: This letters' occadsaid by the writer's convhdon of the " utter of the ?pinions which have rah a in the hdeentisi labia eine te the discredit of the selissis; sad ie Weed le p p that their " mussed inefieieney end anisialerity" is di a mistake. Now, es the Deb Nal ma the frets draw attention to the simbandeps of the Behests of Design, it is satieletary to he she to dew the our strictures at best were esemiensill by bets while impar to Menai in Pliiesmeois sad RED mempesisely the mew impedes as visa ourselves. Our fleet eliediea was that assassin were in many tens mime dew* may, nine that sothing could be impeded km Am mid it and be made a goo die'. that soma ahead enter the. who had sot re eked a geed ilanakhry ideation in drawing. What say the impirielsedeate P We Wilk that the gadilleatien he *Minim to the pu ma Imbeds if esmassial set she d& be the psimmies, et Piet um pewee ef amnia esseesitm sod that the siodi be eoliested aeoitm Seim itteles. etemiti eeleit* et eimeollory wheels is the only een bistro gibe* of bole la Ibendios art. Mate oho* of design, or _ _ Oar next Alma= was founded the utter alonw of ear enE.eritlMiNw. In an artiele on the en which which spveired in this paper on Dee. 17th, we remarked The came Cl the want of success atT the shook of theign are various. In the first plea, there was the whit of aspirin tandems. Ups no Asia! person et body of pee • • one wan plead the *bility of assing that the Maid worked t6er with wishing like r , unity of purples, What was every beVe bagasse • was nobody's benbara and the schools were left with . THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, APRIL 14, 1852. The Mossiteor states that M. Blanohe,Naitre des Baguetss of the first elms, has been appointed macre nirrpot`l4:=lrb.... matte by the w 2• of fl. de Psesiguy,confirms the report, ktill conduce to *rad, that thi prelesst mi • of the interior is Ong to pass to As ministry ,oftace .- Beeinl ;changes in As direction of the of the department of the hairier denote the ease change as imminent To-day tie Carps Legialetif :reopened its sittings. M. Billault having taken the chair, stated that he had received • letter from M. Clary, deputy for the Loire-et-Cher, by which he daiared that he took the oath of obedience to the constitution and fidelity to the President of the Republic. M. Clary was pro- claimed deputy. The same deputy haying applied fee leave of absence, on the score of bad health, this was granted. M. MBank then declared that he had received that morning from the minister of date two deerees of the President of the x el tlic relative to the communication of l projects of law. The first project was that which I have mentioned in a previous letter, relating to the rehabilitation of condemned persons. It will be maintained before the Legislative Body by M. Rather against M. de Royer, councillor of state. According to this project, the decree of the provi sional government of April 18, 1848, and the 4th chapter of the Penal Code are abolished. Those who , are condemned to a peirse afflictive or itifilmante can only apply to the courts for rehabilitation five years after the condemnation ; those who are condemned I low to a pain correctionnelie three years after the sen tence passed on them. In all cases the rehabilita tion can only be pronounced after the payment of damages and interest. The bill indicates the for malities to be fulfilled in order to obtain rehabilita tion. The bill was ordered to be printed and distri buted and referred to the examination of the bureaux. The next bill was relative to loans to be affected to tho town of St. Omer, the departments of the Pyrenees, Mayenne, and Pas do Calais. These bills will be maintained before the Corps Legislatif by M. do Thorigny and Boulay de la Mcurthe, coun cillors of state. The four last will be referred to the same committee. The order of the day called for the report on the coinage bill; but it was not ready. Three amendments were introduced into the bill by the committee, and in conformity with the constitu tion these amendments were referred to the council of state. M. Billault then informed the legislative body that a series of bills would be immediately pre sented to it. Among these are a bill on railroads, another on custom-houses, another on mortgages; the law of accounts for 1848 and 1849, a bill on com mercial organisation. These various bills are at the present moment before the council of state. Lastly, the budget of 1853 will be forthwith presented to the Corps Legislatif. lie would take this occa sion of reminding the house that ono of its most important attributions was the examination of finan cial laws. (Cheers.) Without doubt some little delay would take place before the presentation of all these laws. But ho could assure the house that they would have quite enough to fill their session, and fill it comp l ete ly . i (Renewed applause.) It was impossible for • to fix today the day of the next sitting ; but as soon as there was occasion to convoke the house notice would be sent to deputies at their residences. M. de St. Germain addressed a letter to the Corps Legislutif, demanding a conga of ten days. The order of the day having been exhausted, the 'Sting broke up at half-past three. A letter from M. Martin do Strasbourg to the pre sident of the Court of Cessation has been sent to the evening papers, stating his reasons for declining the oath u advocate of the Court of Caseation. I lave already apprised . you of the substance of this letter, in detailing the interview between M. Martin and the procarenr-general of the Court of Camden. The Prince de Canino has arrived in Paris from Civita Vecchia, and had an audience immediately at the Elyse*. A loan is talked of more and more at the Bernie. The committee of the Legislative Body, charged to examine tho bill relative to the copper coinage, assembled yesterday. The members of the council of state who are charged to support the bill before the l eg islature waited on the committee, and pre sented observations on the modifications which it in tends, it is mid, to recommend. Prince Louis Napoleon, on Saturday, gave a pri vate audience to M. Baudoing, deputy of the Legis lative Body, M. Maxime Clansmen, member of the international jury, and MM. Bietry, Du Croquet, Hermann, and Leclerc, on the subject of the pro jected crystal palace. The Prince President assured them of his solicitude for tho progress and prosperity of national induitry. It is stated that the decree granting the conces• sian for the building of the crystal palace in the Champs Elysee has been signed. The party who has obtained this concession is a rich banker, who has formed a powerful company of capitalists for the undertaking. In consequence of the decree of centralisation the division of communes and hospitals of the ministry of the interior has been suppressed. M. Jeze, who was at the head of this division, is to be appointed a councillor of state. The Debate etatee that M. Poniard has resigned the situation of librarian to tho Senate. I may mention, as a popular measure, calculated to win the youths of the army, that the six companies called du centre, formed of the youngest troops in oak battalion, have received permission to wear egeniettes, which were hitherto denied them, and the want of which rendered them a subject of banter mem the elder soldiers. The Cants of Appeal having beet consulted on the new Penitentiary Bill have expramml the wish that prelkiensi vagabonds, who get theasslva ow eseastlass ten, twelve, or fifteen tines to Prima de4 te gap shelter and food kr die winter, without arytlnn"tel e l t le s solgested to trans partake after Ave I have aheady mated in a review letter, that M. Pierre &mart* nuked a paean of 84,000 fr., and that IL Loden Murat Mil nested a million. I indratead brew that the Primo Jams has re ceived two see. The Primus Nether de w hitish his onighter. hes dragged the peaks whitish, allowed Terme art of the esMorisid whiek Prince Deeeidor wee obliged to estde as bee by the Csar. Yesterday, on the wripkwes of the dem& taking possession of the pink of Monceaux, it is said, the concierge refused to g►ve up the keys. A commissary of police was momently sent for to overcome his scruples. On receiving the offer to continue in his post, this old servant of the Orleans family indig nantly refused, saying that ho would never consent to become the servant of robbers. _ _ The question hMilleeii mooted in the Ministry of Justice whether it would not be right to prosecute M. Emile de Oirsxdin for exciting to hate and con %rapt of the government. Too the Asia warning of the Minister of Police, a copy _el Oki I sent you on Saturday, M. E. de Itas isplisa as follows : Waskor it Ineistre,,—The editor of the Priam, K. Busy, asimmiseitss ts tbs weratag that be has ee -1 sstwel. sea whist ins pesusitsi by se article that I sigssi. lbw is it psatbis M podia spirt a risk whisk see Ism sot Mum ? L set pulses, sowspassi is grist poet et pow is tire solids say rsyrsiests tbs misimously sitpissesi by the tribusst la its "•21Q — sT I Sa, 11101, - by calm Festsbt in a oustatee tithe Suises la lbw 1804 ; by tbsseessnetit• Sieste La its Mims of May 11. 1804 ; by tbs mess& ef tits Assiesstisu fee the weelelibinarmt of the milks peswwwi ts tbs souse of stets by the preskisals sf die issisms, sag by ammistpil body of tbs sf Paris. Assamedly tbs istsallaw sf lbws Nam* Mills win set spa to sus yids& By distal* tits gm& of Ibis jesessl yea say yet own Om Pram, but yes ssmast mono Wary. Bum on .111tasiDni._ M. Girardin mays that now tbat he ii win d ho won't speak upon the Midden topic any more. He desires nothing better than to have than subjectsl white are not to be open to dimmed= pointed out to him. He will find the field of *radio always larg l ipt a not to denim to lose time by counting the farrows. ifasileur publishes the appointments of dims to 30 battalions of national surds, which are now almost formed in the "beniscorof Paris. These added to the 24 battalions already organised, which compose the national guard of Paris (infra muros) make an elbotive kree of 64 battalion., and 4 squa dron' of nadsnal guards of the &ilia Although the battalion of the basiiars are not so far advanced in their foremasts as those of Paris it is hoped that they will be equipped by the 10th of May. The Many* de Oaskincourt is actively organising the cavalry legirm, of which he is colonel, with the intrados d appearing at its head on the same day. 1 The tanmesavial movement of the week exhibits &Haden,. Almost all the markets sr= There has been a greater demand for pee, imede as sugar and teas at Names and , AUL The shipment on the eft of Merck at Rotterdam of 400 tons of Java mere tor /lane, was looked upon as a remarkable symptom, and predated considerable exoitenteat at Bordeaux when the ants arrived there. Corn and grain I. decidedly lower is all the markets ; the fall in wheat may be quoted at from 3fr. to 4fr. per sack. The Paris mißses have not, however, yet consented to lower their deameada to any great extent. Tho must, however, shortly do so, for the exportation to the Rhenish provinces, which was the cause of the rise in the winter, has entirely ceased The confirmation of the good yield of cotton in the United States has naturally had its effect upon the prioes of that article. The stook in hand in Havre is fast increasing. The brokers quoted their ordinary and middling qualities at 1 franc lower, leaving the better sorts without variation. It is observed that wool has lately been extensively substituted for cotton in many manufactures. This may in great measure account for the general scarcity of wool. There is no change in the silk market. At Lyons, notwith standing the presence of a good many American com iabeion agents, the flatness of affairs is lamentable. Tide it attributed entirely to the scarcity of the raw material. Tho probable effects of the commercial treaty with the King of Sardinia, which has now been adopted by the Chamber of Deputies at Turin Iby a large majority, is much discussed at Lyons. Accounts from St. Didier state that the long-ex- petted upward movement in iron has now decidedly set in, and that buyers are laying in their stock in the apprehension of a further rise before May I. The wine trade is inactive. Accounts of the state of the vines are anxiously looked for. At the Bourse the Four-and-a-Half per Cents. fell 20c., closing at 101.30; the Three per Cents. fell :30c., and closed at 72.10. Bank of France Aimee did not vary. The railway market was very heavy. Several large sales were made. Rouen fell 20f. ; Lyons, 8.75 ; Orleans, 7.50 ; Bordeaux, 7.50 ; Northern, 0.2:1; Dieppe, 5; Havre, 1.25; but Strasbourg rose 7.30. Central and Tours and Nantes did not change. ITALY. ROMAN STATES. A letter from Bologna, of the 6th, in the Risorgi mento of Turin, announces tho failure of M. Mal. dini, the banker, for a sum of 600,000 francs. Many of the first nobility of Bologna will, says the corres pondent, be losers by this bankruptcy, and the shock is much more serious from the fact of its following so close upon the failure of Marquis Zambeceari, with out mentioning many others of minor importance. What renders this case much more distressing is, that many signatures have been discovered to be for geries. PIEDMONT. The discussion on the treaty of commerce with Franco was continued with great animation in the sitting of the Bth of the Piedmontese Chamber. M. Menabrea, ono of the leading members of the anti constitutionalist opposition, attacked it, on the ground that it was detrimental to the interests of Savoy as a wine-growing country. lie further con tended, that while the treaty favoured the oil trade, it tended to diminish production in general. ('ount Cavour, Minister of Finance, observed, in answer to the former speaker, that of the seven provinces of Savoy there was but one which grew wine to a cer tain extent, and that it would be no loser by the treaty, since the introduction of French wines could only threaten bad wines of indigenous growth, not the good once. The minister could not conclude his speech on account of the lateness of the hour, and the discussion was adjourned to the following day. The debate was brought to a conclusion on the oth. Count Cavour, Minister of Finance, resumed his speech, and proved that the treaty in question was founded on the soundest doctrines of political economy. As the treaty had been especially attacked on the ground that it was detrimental to the interests of Savoy, he took particular pains to show that all such objections were unfounded. He then adverted to machinations of the retrograde party in Savoy, who had eagerly taken up the treaty before them as an instrument of slander against the government, and worked up the people of that country so as to lead them to believe that the present government was systematically hostile to Savoy, and sought its de struction, and that the inhabitants would have to pull up their vines by the roots, or emigrate. The hon. minister nevertheless fully admitted the existence of real grievances in Savoy, and expressed his determination to do his beet to relieve them, but re gretted that his efforts had been hitherto in a great measure paralysed by the hostility of the party which was represented by the Echo du 3font Blanc and the Courrser des Alpes. The whole of his speech was conceived in a firm but conciliatory spirit, and was listened to with profound attention by the Cham ber, which afterwards adopted the treaty by 114 votes to 23. GERMANY. AUSTRIA. VIENNA, Aram 8. The newspapers here are carrying eulogium of the deceased minister into the region of burlesque. I sent you yesterday an extract from the arrupon dence, magni f yin g the greatness of the Schwarzen berg governmental • Ideas," and to-day the less official journals laud the wisdom and comprehensiveness of the late statesman. In troth, however, ideas, taking the word in its common meaning, as some intelligible principle capable of being enunciated, understood, and contemplated from below, as well as from above, are utterly strange to Austrian ways of government. Emperors, chancellors, and ministers-precedent do their beat to keep out of the circle of ideas. Sentiments and feelings, implanted in the school, and cultivated by thousands of clergy, are agencies more apt and congenial than ideas in fulfilling the purpose of the Austrian government. The sentiment of a paternal relation of tho Emperor to his people long prevailed, and was one which the ruling powers would gladly have perpetuated. But Bletternich saw this die out year by year, until the defrauded people drove their pretended parent from the capital. Ideas were then indeed thought of and invoked for a time, but they were soon found to bo so incongruous with all that was essential and permanent in the character of the house of Hapsburg that they were at first placed in abeyance, then under restraint, and finally ejected with the constitution in the autumn of last year. Meanwhile Prince Schwarzenberg was busy every where crushing all that gave token of political life, and irtangurating a system of pure absolutism, which has no more pretensions to ideas and principles than has the policy of the King of Dahomey. A pure . absolutism, like that now set up in Austria, has its origin much more in a brute instinct, than in any pretended " ideas." So far as Prince Schwarzen berg was successful, and that is much loss than is idea easseted in English newspapers, he owed it to that advantage which a strong will, simple aim, and wawa 111601110/11 most always po sess over the ex havited, dhaalted, and perplex ed. To-day a adaisterial council was held under the presidency of the Emperor. Yesterday one was held, when Baron Kubeck presided. People sup pose that the appointment of a new premier it the subject of discussion but Ido not see, in the first what an au tocratic sovereign like Francis ro a s e s e Ph wants with a president of his council— why he should not preside himself; nor, in the next place, why ho should ask hie servants which of them ho shall take into his nearest confidence. I see, however, that the teat. Correspondent names Baron Kubc4, now President of the Iteichsrath,l as a probable minister-president without portfolio. According to letters from Warsaw of the 23rd ult. the Czar has shown mercy—lmperial mercy—to • number of Polish noblemen now in Siberia,whither they were sent, with mane who have since died, in 1834. Tho unhappy mon are to come back to what was their home, but not a farthing of the revenues of their estates will they be allowed to handle, the government having long since appropriated the whole as rewards to its military and civil eniployds. The net of pardon says that only loyal subjects have a right to hold property in Russia. PRUSSIA. A Berlin letter of the tith states that the Empreu of Russia will arrivo thorn on the Ist of next month. Her Alajesty will alight at the Russian embassy, but will, on the following day, go to the royal palace of Potsdam, whom apartments have been prepared for her. After staying a fortnight at Potsdam, the Zmpreas will proceed to the baths of Schlagenbad. GREECE. Letters from Athens, in the German journals, state that the Supreme Court of Appeal of Greece had confirmed the sentence of an intenor tribunal, con demning Mr. King, the American missionary, to 15 days' imprisonment, a heavy fine, and expulsion from the kingdom, for having preached the protestant re ligion in violation of the constitution. On this, Mr. King addressed to the Minister of Foreign Affairs *a protest against the judgtnent both in his own name and in that of the American government , from which he held, he declared, an o ffi cial miastn. Ile added that he would not voluntarily obey the judgment. It was not kno en whether the Greek government would expel him by force; but if it should, it was considered likely that the United Statue would take up his defence. The letters add that great scarcity exists in Greece, and that dreadful misery prevailed 'in consequence. The government was making ex tensive purchases of corn in Turkey for distribution to the people. oat a common centre. Sir STAITORD NOILTBOO2I, in S um indeed, while a Casaba of the Bout is* , a great interest in the subject, 1011 a , his time and talents to render those worthy of the mosey whisk had been gli them. Since he left, hoiriver, they ante had is external superintendence, sad fin neelensq have followed." Now, in corroboration of three R UIN% we &illa the letter of the new suporintsmdeeds ffiss Ned aim dant proofs of an utter waStllfirelesn gennacid striking symptom of this alleat is ills Mired num paid in different localities am the seems price of the education of each Each student at llseallsibates annually an susses of 11.4.., while the gsmeneesot contributes 21.6 e. M. At Newcastle-upon-Type the student contributes IL 35., and the government IL lb. N. At l'aisley, when the govern ment grant is 4001. ear mum, the average simnel payment of each of the sixty-few students is 19s. 11d., whilst the government contre lb be., and each student 001111 the school upwards of 91.35. 114. • • • The total cost of the art education per student varies from 21. 20. 74. in Coventry to 101. 115.241. in Leeds. The average cost in the provincial schools is 41. Gs. bd. and in the metropolitan school 81. 125., • cost considerably iiigher than such student peps in most private establishments for instruction in several kinds of drawing. Is there any further proof needed that the meow ment of the schools is utterly inefficient? Data that are obtained from the practice at one school are totally insufficient to enable us to form any conclu sion u to what will be the probable working of any other. The government vent seems to have been obtained to enable certain persons to make costly experiments in separate places. Each experimental ist has been satisfied with the working of his own scheme, and has not troubled himself with the opera tion of any other. It is quite clear, however, that if anything is to be done by these schools, it will only be hr noting the results of the experience of all, and founding upon this a general system of manage ment, which may, of course, be subject—within cer tain limits—to modifications dictated by the local interests of the district in which a particular school is situated. Our last objection was that the schools were not practical. They have produced good draughtsmen occasionally, but they have failed in turning out pupils who combine skill in design with the know ledge of the manufacture which iv to realise their conceptions. It is possible to invent designs of great beauty, which are, nevertheless, utterly useless to the manufacturer, on account of their presenting difficulties which his machinery cannot overcome. We want schools of design to furnish us with a set of practical artists who will interpret the idea of art to the manufacturer, and teach the boun daries of applied art to the artist. Now, upon this notion of giving a practical education to the artist manufacture Mr. \Volum( is alternately indignant and facetious. Ile tells us that to " teach applied design is something very like nonsense," and that the vague clamour occasionally heard about impractical design is utterly grouudku. Some years ago, he tells us, he was under the com mon error as regards certain general conditions of design fur various manufactures, and he intended to make these conditions the subject of a third division of hie coarse of lectures--the netirat. Time, how ever has esuvinced him of his mistake. Let us hear what MUM. COLE and IiEDORAVE say on this subject: It is to this development of the third or highest division of the New departalsat that the nest careful attention will have le be tuned. This ensisle et the practical appliea tiaa of artistic pewees 'bids the pupil eireAdy has ac quired to the ealgeneiee of lasnefacturce....Claasee of Molests should be ainaad he the asthma pract.cs and study of the eitesiatior of wassaheasse, sod for acquiring a Ithewledp el tbe yearsal Oast*. by which the war meta &Sp Ike sash thareadrilaese awn be mph.* arypaisiai lbw alma dillstease Amid be paid I. the peaseisal eapeilease of maaalhateses......ta the meet miasma site et the west, at eat peelsd, are knew& to hew pereesal eaten the isrowledge of the specialties la thing la ysediali+emaameatal a rt , It may be rapeseed Oust Ass will lide power if it be found that the age retakes then de sus ant austeat tole* the justice of our strictures be Meted by then remarks. In spite of Mr. Woa- Nun's amertions, it will be found that the production of a good practical design is se mon to be expected from a mere artist them from a mare manufacturer. Mr. WORNUS, if be pewee imytbing at sU, proves too much. If he is right, then the establishment of the Schools of Design was an imp:edam*. We had artists in plenty, but we wanted artists who could apply their art to manufactures. Schools of Design well conducted are the only institutions. which are specially adapted to tarnish us with each artists. That under ellisisut management they will do this there is little deal. In the meantime nothing is so likely to retard the period it their perfection as in discriminate 'militias by injudicioas friends, or the rejection of good advise 6'm honest opponents. FRANCE. PARIS, MONDAY EVENING. I understand that M. Martin (de Strasbourg), advo cate at the Court of Caseation, and ex-repreaentative, has paid a visit to M. Delangle, Procureur-General of the same court, and declared to him his determi nation to refuse the oath of fidelity to M. Louis Bo naparte. M. Delangle remonstrated with much animation against this resolution, and begged M. Martin to reconsider it. But the latter replied that he had already made up his mind irrevmbly. The Precnreur-General then observed that he was the only advocate who Waned to take the oath. M. Martin observed that this was an additional reason, and he felt it the more imperatively a duty of conscience to take this step, on account of the general facility with which this solemn oath had been taken as a mere formality. M. Martin (de Strasbourg), you are aware, is a close friend of General Caviugnac. He is abo ut to sell his license to practise as an advocate in the Court of emation. You may remember that 1102,09 any pines in Frame has been raked to the Wit et Lois Napo leon without having d faver las awl sew and than fathered on him ha . a Mae the edenatd mob et Merles Nader, at the reisraden, " Thom is main shawl in France-4W e b only ewe mere Fremobseen; wee attributed to the demi (deb e. ma, rebape, quite as little ades. lib 2r'sis eurreudy attributed t othe Passe = yasked him wbsebor be wadi =ldi a times putting down the vies et seeking. who is, as yew age wanse, a great oreshnf al &t, ZieftM red madam, a virtue whisk will stm4 hundred minims into the tummy, and the ewes yea mist de be instantly palsied." taw The Piedists ny is dolhowell sone da Twig will be snini to the Oups he a bid Ile the bditatisa et wens imjuudy con doned. OMB that the 10th of May his been Ind It fie peed review and distribetion „si ft el sighs in Ma . ile Man. All the regimene se the raria _wM be present. sad Om elamt Bliesig e rl be no nsaisy tisk mel, Oa the b will be at emalifhe Millen, hy the Pe r :resto tb it e l aint e ltegmblis. 111410 Ye the in to the bell a of prepsied by the ertißley %IF 41 4 ynim , sa, - 7/ 1 1J e l be let Ireig itemslis.the to th=ll dertZt the number of minim who are to receive dentine is 30. Aaese then who are to receive 30,0066. are, it is said. Gennis de Oaddisme. Bar &Hillier., Modam Pedt, Mania Peke. and Mad Prince Mink Prime de la Mark•ws. M. Ened, • , OeDortLamy de ilianneria. and • the Mum& su de Saint S two Willis, M. Lary de Nit Arend aall Bina% and two ei-Weifeden o BIM de Onseedhee and Bane Lacrosse. The session who are to receive 20,000 fr. are remains' to be 16 in nsadow, and sit them are Gem* ildiramm and Achard, the Marquis d'Amillfrek IL Elle de Bares drileeassee, /IL Vießisrd, M. 13 3=11 k Wiens), IL Lemnier, ind M. Trop ism and two as- mhdelen t gismo* de Lahitte and M.Demse. Two sandoem se-Aihnirobs C4My and Peron' Deschian arm It to said, to have 16,000 fr. The Masieser nalens the following "communi cated" nen :- 0, 110 ease* of Preuin has pretended that the Prince President of the Republio has written an antereph War to King Leopold, to moms to him the dein that the institutions of Belgium shall be pieced in hammy with thole of France, and that the Anne of the press and of the parliamentary rf , - gime shall be moused. This faunal adds, that the Meg has mini Inn a wear as to render a Eu ropa* war pebble. Thee amertices rest on no foundation t the esneursedismes mentioned by the Gaut* of Prussia binagasiay.° TU RK EY. The Belgrade Gazelle announces that the British consul-general had rchoiated his flag, on the 3d inst., under a salute of twenty-one guns from the artillery barracks, and resumed his usual intercourse with the local government. SWITZERLAND. The Federal Council of Berne has decided to send to Paris, in order to be converted into pieces of 5f., about 20,000 Brabant crowns which are hi the treasury. TIIE INDIAN ARCHIPELAGO. JAVA. BATAVIA, FEB. 27.—'fhe month has been marked with the usual occurrence of shocks of earthquakes, mom or less felt throughout the island, but the fre quency of which has ceased to make people uneasy— they have become an almost everyday matter. Steamer agency is now becoming general throughout the Dutch Archipelago—to Macassar on the east, and to Padang on the west, large and powerful steamers have commenced to run motithly,and a third is daily expected to open the line hence to Ambayna, or within four hundred miles of the English colony of Australia. Some political changes will probably result front this regular communication with the vast possessions of the Dutch in these seas. A few days ago an American schooner, called the Flirt, was brought into Batavia Roads in tow of a war steamer from Palembang. The owner and all on board have been made prisoners on a charge of high treason, for endeavouring to induce the Sultan of Jambic or Djambio to revolt against the Dutch. The recent disaffection at Palembang and its neighbourhood has greatly alarmed the Netherlands government, which is well aware that the natives have no affection for its rule. According to the Dutch version of this treasonable affair, it would appear that the Flirt ar rived at Palembang, and that the owner, Mr. Gib son, stated that ho was on a pleasure cruise as a man of fortune. After a short time, during which the ut most cordiality and hospitality existed between Mr. Gibson and the officials at the station, the suspicions of the authorities were excited, and a strict watch was kept over the vetoers movements. The mate, or super cargo, who is said to be of a romantic disposition, was despatched by Mr. Gibson with a letter to the Sultan of Jambie, written in the Malayan lan guage, and stating that if the Sultan wished it, 111 r. Gibson would enable him to throw off the Dutch yoke, that there was a large fleet of American vessels of war, which would assist the Flirt against the Dutch. The mate travelled in a native dress to avoid suspicion, and when captured the letter alluded to was found concealed in one of his stockings. The matter has caused much excite ment here, as the accused parties are to be tried for treasonable designs against the Dutch government. On his arrival here Mr. Gibson was kept a close prironer, but released by the court on the ground that the affair appeared to be no more than a foolish escapade. On the same day the Procurenr-General had Mr. Gibson and crew imprisoned. They are now incarcerated, awaiting trial before the Supreme Court. The whole, certainly, is a very singular business. Mr. Gibson hss addressed a letter to the American commodore, begging his interference and protection. SMOAPOItE. From a letter, dated Singapore, March Gth, it ap pears a very lamentable accident had occurred at Palembang, by which nearly all the Dutch officials at that station met a watery grave. On February 20th, the whole of the European residents, twenty in number, were crossing the river in a cutter, there being a strong wind and current at the time. By some accident the vessel upset, and went down. The resident, Licut.-Col. de llraaw, and nine other gen tlemen were saved, but the remainder perished. The following are the names of those who were drowned ; Major van Bloomerstein Captains Kum and Schmidt, and Limit. Knew, all of the infantry; Captain Bis choff van Heemskirk, of the engineers; Captain Poelman, paymaster; Adjutant Muller, Captain van Ocluseee, Mr. &did, resident's secretary; and Mr. de Groot, merchant. COLONIAL. SOUTH AUSTRALIA. Via Batavia and Singapore, accounts from this colony are brought down to January 6, and journals to the 3rd. The intelligence by this opportunity is of a very painful and unsatisfactory nature. From the first establishment of the colony it has experi enced a rapid prosperity unexampled—its mining treasure raised it above the sister settlements, and its far-famed Burnt Burrs at length became a term in every one's mouth to denote Feat mineral wealth. A crowded, busy, and industnous population, a per fect freedom from the taint of convictism, served to accelerate the progress of South Australia, until its chief city, Adelaide, teemed with the happiest of the colonial population. A rapid change has passed over it : the once crowded city is now deserted. Its busy population have quitted the shore, not because it has failed in any one of its allurements, but because the alluring prospects of the gold fields of Victoria have worked the inhabi tants into a state of mania which has prevailed so generally that Adelaide's condition is not inaptly illustrated by the example of Goldsmith's " Deserted Village." This intalligenee is of a nature to strike dismay into every well-wisher of the colony. By sea and land it is no exaggeration to say the colo nists were leaving not by scores or hundreds, but literally by thousands, for the Victoria gold diggings. In example of this, we may mention that the go vernment report of emigration for the fortnight ending December 27, gives a balance against the colony of 744 adults, not counting those who left by land, which was considerable. Perhaps no graver instance of the effect of the panic can be cited than the price and value of Burrs Burrs shares, which in December were at 160/. On Janu ary 2nd these hitherto much coveted shares were sel ling at 1161.; a private letter, from a trustworthy source, dated the sth, reports them as selling on that day at 911., and a letter of the oth quotes the price at 801., holders eager to sell and few purchasers. The revenue had seriously suffered: the quarter ending December 31st, compared with the some period of 1850, shows a falling off of 7,000/. The deficiency of the month of December was not the most remark able and painful; in consequence of this the govern ment has resolved to reduce the estimates by 50,0001. by which many contemplated works were stopped. The government was justly alarmed—the conster nation was general, and the prospects of such as remained were frightful in the extreme. In order, if possible, to stem the tide of emi gration, the governor had offered a reward of 1,0001, for the discovery of a workable gold mine within the colony, and had, in anticipation, not only issued regulations fixing the license fee at thirty shillings per month, but, on the recommendation of the legislative council, had suspended the operation of the regulations for one month as an additional encouragement to gold seekers. The Adelaide papers contain numerous accounts of gold discoveries, but much uncertainty prevailed on the subject, and a general opinion was current that unless a workable gold field was found before March—when there would be an abundance of water at the Victoria fields for gold washing—the colony would lieTsTr----nost dips. pulated. Captain Sturt, the colonial secretary, has h eceeee almost blind, and been compelled to relinquish t h e duties of his office. In comideratiou of his early e z. „ plorations of the Murray, the Legislative Council b voted Captain Start a pension of Ma pe r anew , As a sign of the pressure of the times, no Its, than four journals have stopped issue in Ad elaide-. namely, the South Australian, Austral E.-amino Daily Times, and Odd B.Pows' eldranidr. 1 11 ; shipping interest was suffering severely ; no coa l were obtainable for any other destination than toria. The crops on the hills were reality, b ut the plains abundant ; labour, however, was so s ew , that it was feared the greater part of the berm would not be got. in. On Jan. 2nd Sir Ilt nry yusi l prorogued the Council. THE AUSTRALIAN HOLD FIELbs. W e have received by this arrival Sydney pipe, t , 10th January. 'rho Sydney Slapping (A i: , December, after passing in review the events have occurred since the discovery of gold in the *t. Lb:meat, says : It is estimated by competent judges That not man 10,000 men have been engaged on our mines, and tlistn,,, are now leas than 6,000 spread over the various The great body of oar miners are in town spenitiuz was, and, therefore, it is not rem I , I ar-d.i.e Lad our e... 1 should appear to decrease. There has arrived thi. escort—from Ophir, 3 n oz. ; Turon, 3,390 oz.; 1; 4 1,..,.! 0.18 oz.; and by post—fmm Braidwood, 912 oz. : s 227 oz.; Bathurst, fiegi oz.; tioulburis 122 oz.; and 8 oz. ; in all 6,240 ox .— worth about 24001. The from Victoria by the overland mail yesterday wa, equal to the last week's. The (aeon bad hroußk , Melbourne, from Alexander and Ballarat, 19,210.., liero had sailed for London with 20,731 oz., and tIA u. bonnie wee about to sail with 40,000 or. The iivav y, steamer, would bring up here about 12,1.000 oz. 'the had fallen considerably in consequence of the Lau,. during the exchange to 8 per cent. discount, and to advance over cis. per ox. The Sydney Morning Herold of Jan. , the heading of " Four Tons of Gold," has 11.. ing: The Kate, which yesterday soiled for England.. from our shores upwards of two tons of gold ; .in bourne, which sailed from Port Phillip tut w,, board nearly two tons and a guilder. It is pod, both these vessels will reach England übee. tli. April, and the report that four tons and a quart. r has arrived from Australi wi:l odd to the 50... , which the previously received news will have c.o. Steamers once in two months, indeed!—a QOM/ t, Mendel , morning, at four o'clock, ris the Cape, and !. every '1 hursday morning, at nine, via Panama, will great deal nearer what we shall require ; and ill for hamentary grant, why, if it is nut given freely and qud we have no doubt the vaareogerN mails, and speci. w. amply pay a well appointed line of first•elass whenever they may be laid on. The following are items of news from the Victigic gold diggings : Of the richness of the diggings at Monut Ale:ander tlars is not a question ; but the total want 44 that gout .'tali of life, water, had compelled thota,an is to alundou search for gold ; whilst the lora:ids of threat. lad to thin the ranks of those who remained. We take the folllowing extracts from the cunonunications of the cone spoodents of the two daily journals: The correinondent of the dryers writes thus my return from Melbourne people !lave left by than sands ; many parts of the creek which were tornully crowded with tents are now almost tentless, and, auk- rsx comes soon, will be entirety deserted. Thin: Are many complaints of poor success, same not oak. ing sufficient to clear their daily expel... s, stale there are few who can say they arc liar ecLL There are snore reasons than one for these complaints. the heat is so excessive that few can work in the can, tie ground has become so bard fur waist of rain, that nolaz but is pickaxe can break it, and fur the same nave yoa cannot wash without puddling ; and lastly, the wit. r L i s become so thick that nothing but heavy gold can lo ; ob Dined." The Melbourne herald thus reports the an ival last government escort, on Wednesday, the :3.4 - " The Mount Alexander escort brou,dit .lowa v..t. r !, v 883 lbs., 2 ounces. and 10 pennyweights, or ,f gold ; the escort from Ballarat only the noinind au:int...A 3 lbs., or 36 ounces. The accounts trona the Mount manna the report of our own correspondent, contained in his kit r inserted in yesterday's Herald, via., that thousands an r• - •.• turning as fast as they arrive, owing to the scarcity .1 water. The Ballarat escort will be dixontiuued from date." The correspondent of the same paper writes as fo'.:oat from Mount Alexander :—" These diggings are sow eon. paratively deserted; large numbers left last week—may on Wednesday, and several more will be otf to-day. Tie want of water is the principal cause of this emigrating, br though a great many are gone holiday Iccepiii4, yet aid the water lasted out a great many would hare resumed steady at weak. The excessive bad weather for this woo past has caused considerable illness. Within the Luton or three days we have load thunder and lightning, =3 br. very little rain." According to Mr. Paterson's last gold circular, December 29, the price of gold, which during the previous week Ina ranged from Sts. to S6e., was stated to be 56a. PROPOSED NEW PENAL SETILEMENT. Sir James Nlatheson, IMP., proprietor of the Island of North Rona, has offered it as a gift to goviruni a for a new penal settlement. This island is situated in thi Atlantic, in latitude 59 deg. 7 min. 15-48 see., and loucield 5 deg. 48 min. 50-45 sec. west. It forms part of the Lewis pro party). It lies 38 miles N.H. of the Butt of Lewes. finning nearly equilateral triangle with it and Cape Wrath. It highest point is 360 feet above the level the sea. On a dear day Cape Wrath and the Lewes and Harris Milian berm 'without glasses. The island resembles a long-necked de canter, with its neck towards the north. Its greatest leapt is nearly a mile, and its greatest breadth the same. At it north end about half a mile of its length vino in breadth from 10 to 20 chains. Half of Iha portion is stratified rock, without a partick of vegetation. The eastern shore of this part slopesgently to the sea; the western, though rugged and broken, is but 90 feet in height. The southern portion of the island is broader and more elevated, averaging three quarters of a mile broad, and the two bills not less than 350 feet high. The seaward bases of these bills form precipi tous caffs, inaccessible in many places. The nxke round Rona are few and small. Gouldig Brag and Gouldig Mohr are the only rocks, more than two chains from the s how. Another small rock, seen at low water, near the SM. point, is dangerous to navigators anchoring in the awls bourhood. The soil of lions is goal, and the pasrare, though not luxuriant, is beautifully green. Exception: 60 acres the whole island is arable, interspersed with a few small rocks. A small part of the south side bad been re:. tivated, and produced excellent barley. It is now rote. as a sheep farm. There are five or six ruinous huts upo: it. The smallest is said to have been a church. There a also a graveyard, in which is • ride era..., without say scription. There are neither rats nor mice, sad very few birds in the island. There is no peat ern and not much sea-weed. There is sufficient sprier wri• on the south shore. Seals arc numerous, but not i.e. , killed, and cod fish are abundant. The tide' rise fez live to ten feet, and the south wind prevails. The he landing places are Poul Houtham on the south. Skilshr , the west, and Gewsh Sthu on the east. So well drelters is Gevah Sthu, that three vessels anchored at its mouth years ago, and remained one night. But such a dinar h. not occurred before, and has not been repeated since. I% island contains 270 acres, three-fourths of which are arabie Some years since it was inhabited by several families• lived by fishing, and on the produce of the soil ; bat: attempting to land on a stormy day, all the men were lz b' the upsetting of their boat. Should government scro7. Sir James Matheson's offer of this island as a convict pris. and penal 'settlement, it will combine the adratttqesl Portland pso n and a penal colon in New Set.: Wales, being near enough to b e controlled '1 the home authorities through directors of un.o l for Scotland, or thauugh a separate hoard of commission: and from the small size of the island, and its loneliniss... would have all the terrors, and none of the attractions, tt transportation to Australia. The cost of maiatsiain; s convict abroad is 401. • year. The cost of maintainirq convict in Rona would not exceed 151. a year, and th.°' 1,000 convicts far four years would save 10a,efill. climate and soil being favourable, the arable putts of lbws might be cultivated by the convicts as a garden farm r , ' would be a good training for such convicts as might aTfter wards emigrate, and it would considerably ditaiaish tN expense of the establishment. All other et Ltt"s r . ' usual in prisons, could of course be done at lions. al 's prison made of galvanised iron may easily la ermored i prank one place to another, a great difficulty is obviated the expense of buildings, which, after serving their purl' in one locality, became useless, as now the trader frau ; one locality to another is provided for.—Obserrer. COMPLETION OF THE ELECTRIC TELEGRACII THE EIi,ISTOL CHAN,IEL.—The 'Electric Teleirar h C I pany have just completed their through range of win. miles, from London to Bristol, In addition to the micAll' tages available thereby, as regards the immediate tows! sion of shipping intelligence from the Bristol Channel• completion of the communication ',places the onnalcn * , community of Bristol, and then djacent west of Etst:rf districts, in direct telegraphic communication not ouly London, but by . means of the eroes-country stretch of to' graph, already in existence between Bristol and GlaucteA and Birmingham and Derby, connects the west of Enelar/ with those towns, so well as with Liverpool, Manche;.; the north of Scotland, and the whole a England. So hundred men are now employed upon the link sso:"1 to he completed between Bristol and Exeter, of miles, and which it is expected will be tiai.hcd hrla,' and so complete, with the exception of minor coninieno,o the telegraphic network of the country. • EAST ANGLIAN ILAILWAT,—A proposition is laid before the proprietors, at their next meeting, ,*1 expediency of the approprbition by the Laitcra . the Loot Anglian line.