The Express. — London, England, 1852-04-10 00:00:00

ghe erpreini. To CORIMPONDINTS. • owed Maim 1 TM 6apres , `;iia — lms - aitis moo main'. ▪ thasite."l. palliebed envy Tusiday and Friflay .401, ta Use kr or& ••••t•••••• , 1•1•011•1 ter one Uprose," Lefties tee alag paper, weft Mat Os Ofter, 10. Illostert&atrem. !, No esioca an Uh. doi el 1•11186•8•. MOH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE TAN MAT—Morralsg. Mi. Mat....„....Mbmion. 24%. TlMosamaw—Mormag, Mi. 19a. LONDON, SATURDAY, APRIL 10. Ir has not been without hesitation that we venture to congratulate the public, on the first serious step taken towards realising that grand desideratum—a decimal coinage. It is so frequently the case in Eng land that the very best projects fail just at the mo ment when there no longer appears any obstacle to their success, that there seemed every reason to fear the new coin might be condemned to the melt ing pot a few moments after the QCEEN'S proclama tion had legalised its circulation. Evcrybxly knows how the omission of a couple of letters on the face of the first fh: rise was said to render it unfit to be a representative of value in a Christian country. And it was impassable before hand to say whether the presence of 1). F. on the new coin might not be as fatal to its existence as the absence of I). G. on the old. 1). F. (Dr:tensor jilh , i) is the title which has descended to our monarchs from HENRY VIM, and was conferred upon the royal theologian by the Port: as a reward for a de fence of the seven sacraments against LUTHER. Now, if any section of ultra.rotestants choose to argue against the orthodoxy of the new coin on this ground, they surely stand as good a chance of post poning the establishment of a great public benefit as their friends who demolished the old florin on account of the omission aforesaid. Ilowevir, nothing as yet has been said on the subject, and the florin is to be considered as a jiiit at This being the ease, it is time to congra tulate the country as being on the verge of po . lol/.88- ing the most paled system of decimal coinage in the world. plow loug our rulers will allow us to re main on the verge without entering into full pos session of all the advantages of a perfect 53 stem, it is impossible to say. 'This depends, perhaps, as much upon outsehes us upon them. The reason why the decimal system which it is now in the power of the government to establish in Englund will be stipci ior to that in use in any other country is, that it is much more susceptible of varied divisions. What is called the decimal system in France is really a centesimal system. They do not reckon by tenths, hut by hundredths. The interval between the franc and the abstraction a centime is divided into a hundred imaginary parts. Besides this, the franc being the unit of the mone- , tary system, sums even of a few pounds require to be represented by a large number of figures, and when the sum is very great this number is so ex tended as to take it out of the grasp of immediate comprehension. It requires an arithmetical calcula tion to understand what the long array of figures re presenting the l'aistOENT'a dotation in francs really means. The unit of coinage in America—a dollar— is larger than in France, but here also the decimal division has been superseded. They reckon in dollars and cents, or hundredths of a dollar. Now among the requisites of a good coinage we may enumerate these. The unit must be tolerably large, so that moderate amounts may be represented by few figures. We possess this in our pound. 'there are not many persons fortunate enough to be troubled with calculations in which more than three figures, with the interesting above them, enter. The second requisite of a good coinage is that the various coins should not differ too much in value. We get an instalment of this in the florin. To give change for a pound in florins would not need a pocket full of these coins. The next desideratum is that there should be several denominations. This we possess in adhere to the determination he expressed, " strenu ously to resist the endeavour to exempt them." For, if Christ's Hospital is, as Aldermma THOMPSON wishes. to be made an exception, why loot the Foundling Hospital, why not the Bedford Charity, why not the Crewe Mast; all, we dare say, equally well managed according to the tenour of the ir treats? If one great founda tion, why not all P And thus claim for exemption will follow claim, until the measure may be entirely confined to the smaller charities; and they will not be able to defray the coat of its machinery. There has already been time enough lost in legislating on this subject. Parliament first began examining into these charities in 1818; and notwithstanding the tons of Blue Books which the investigations yielded, the re sult as yet has only been a multiplicity of tedious costly chancery suits, and no general and compre hensive scheme for the continuous control of our charities. So now that the legislature (in the face of a general election) is in the humour, let us have no hypercriticism obstructing what, so far as it goes, is a really good bill. No doubt, however, the bill might very advanta geously proceed much further than it does. There are several very noble foundations, possessed of large revenues, against which it is probable no im putation of legal abuse can be successfully brought ; which may in the main be administered within the terms of the Founders' Statutes, so fur at least as they are known ; and yet which, in consequence of tho growth of property, the change in religion and the altered state of society, arc notwithstanding peat moral abuses, and aro very far from being con ducted in the spirit of their foundation. In stating the case of St. Cross, Sir ALEXANDER COCKBURN referred to a very scandalous instance of legal abuse; but at a very short distance from that foundation of HENRY DE BLOIS and Cardinal BEAU- FoRT, is another, to which Sir ALEXANDER might also have called attention, as an example of that sort of moral abuse for which we greatly fear this bill pro vides no efficient remedy, but which is really the pest and crying grievance to be rectified. la o re , bete Winchester College—shortly, it seems, to be honoured by a visit from royalty. Hitherto Winchester College, as Eton, es Rugby, the Charter-house, and some other foundations hav ing special visitor, has escaped all investigation. Not a petty charity in England but has been routed out and explored by parliamentary curiosity and in quiry. Yet of these great institutions with vast in comes, the legislature knows literally nothing. It is very true that they have produced many eminent scholars, and sonic really great men ; that they edu cate in an admirable (if an expensive) manner the best blood of England ; and that as the leading pub lic schools of the realm, they give a tone to general education and the national character. We aro far from decrying or depreciating their merits as educational establishments. Their excellency as such is quite beside the questions of the present system of administering their funds and of maintaining for ever the forms of their monastic and ecclesiastical modes of supervision long after the tfrit is gone ; and when they continue to exist to serious detriment of society. Winchester College was founded by WILLIAM of Wvermaat, after that great prelate had rebuilt its Cathedral and reformed the Hospital of St. Cross ; sad before he proceeded to found New College, Oxford, which intended by him to receive mad perfect the education of those who by his beauty had received the rudiments of learning at Winchester. Now, if there was anything that WILLIAM of WTKEHAM had an utter &b -luenose and bitter dislike of, it certainly was 11111aMitak How he in his day pursued the inctim ' hob el St. Cross, who, like the Lord Ortuoansof Ale present time, had abused the funds of that hospital, is well known to all students of ecclesiastical history. From court to court he hunted and chased them. Nor could Rome, to which they appealed, save them from his righteous inlignation and correction. At last he brought them fairly to bay, and cleansed St. Cross, for a couple of centuries at hot, of their corruptions. Another of the more remarkable features in IVTKEHAM'S charac ter was the owner in which he husbanded his reecamemonmeared out his means, devised and elainsakd schemes for the protection of his inten tins, and tried, above all things, to provide for the blare learning of the English clergy, in his time ignorant, greedy, and debauched. Winchester College was the centre of all his edu 'Rhona' plans; he built it, he endowed it, he placed it under the care of a warden and ten poor fellows ; he connected it with New College, Oxford ; that in- Whalen he also nobly endowed ; Winchester had to supply New College with students, New College ban) control Winchester; and to secure the integ rity and the right administration of his foundations, be esusigned both to the visitation of his successors, the Bishops of WINCHESTER. One thing only WIKEHAM'S wisdom did not fore see, and that was the growth of wealth in England; he thought he had exhausted for ever the rental of his endowment by providing for the education at Winchester of 70 poor boys—pa uperes el indigentes seholares : accordingly his statutes stop there. But in our days, such is the worth of the possessions of Winchester College, it has funds to educate at least 200. Yet to WYKEHAM'S statutable limitation the number of foundation scholars is still strictly limited. And this, we say, is an instance of that moral abuse of an old foundation for which the legis lature ought to provide a remedy. Winchester College is an ecclesiastical foundation, and over it the Court of Chancery cannot, therefore, exercise any jurisdiction. In the main probably its statutes are fulfilled, its visitors cannot, therefore, correct such moral abuses. But no man can doubt, who reflects, that education was WYKEHAM'S aANA in this foundation ; that substantially its an diverted from his objects and designs; awl ale armirmod by those to whom he had hoped hie and pure spirit would have descended. pima income of Winchester College, from WTKEHAM'S foundation, cannot be less than 110,0001. a year. For this all that is done in earrying out his real intentions is the partial education thereout of 70 boys, who are not, what he intended, poor. The partial education we say ; for, though on the foundation, these 70 boys are not wholly educated at its cast. It only provides them with the ordinary grammatical masters and main- Mins them, at an expense to the college of probably 501. a year each, or of 3,5001. a year altogether; thus leaving some 15,000/. or 16,000/. a year to be spent in some other manner; for the remaining cost of their education their parents or friends have to pay ; say some 701. or 801. a year. And how is this large surplus spent ? Partly, no doubt, in maintaining the college buildings, in pay ing the masters their stipends; but principally it is divided amongst the Warden and ten Fellows, who have merely nominal duties to perform, and who, with three exceptions, hold besides substantial col lege livings. First of all. the Warden is supposed to take for his share between 2,000!. and 3,0001. a year; and then the average share of the Fellows is reported to be not less than 1,0001. a year each. These ten Fellows, it was WYKEITAM'II intention, should always be poor priests, holding no other preferment, in or der that they might perform in the college chapel the daily ministrations of divine service. Of the ten, seven are now pluralists ; and the services they ren der to the college in return for their incomes and their benefices, are perfectly unsubstantial. No doubt, however, Winchester is a great public school. But it is nothing_ in comparison with what it might be made were Wexeume's income mainly devoted to educational purposes; instead of being chiefly divided amongst sineenrists. And if advantav were now taken of the opportunity of this Charitable Trusts Bill, a beginning might be made in reviving at Winchester the spirit of WTKEHAM, which has so long been dormant in that city of ecclesiastical scandal and priestly abuse. Perhaps the Prince Consort will turn his attention to all this, ere he accompanies the Quern to Winchester. our present system, having four distinct classes, pounds, shillings, pence, and farthings, with their multiples and subdivisions. The great object now will be to extend this advantage to the decimal system which we have just established. Now, until this is done, the introduction of the florin will be comparatively useless. Nevertheless, there is the greatest disinclination in the proper quarter to make this extension, and, unless the public become sensible to their own interest and take up the question, we shall be for twenty years longer, at least, subject to the inconveniences of a mixed system, and at the same time tortured with the re flection that the removal of the inconvenience needs but the smallest expenditure of energy. What, then, is wanting to make our coinage per fect ? Simply, we reply, the introduction of two more coins—one silver, which we will call at present, for convenience sake, a tenth, being the tenth of a eerie, something less than twopence-halfpenny—and one copper, celled, we will my, a cent, in value nearly equal to a farthing. Before answering any of the objections against this introduction, it will be as well to show the great advantages of such a mo netary scale. Such • sum as five pounds, three florins, four tenths, and three cents would be represented by the figures 5.343; placing the dot one figure to the right, 53.43 would tell the calculator that the money was now in dicated in florins—namely, fifty-three florins, four tenths, three cents. A second removal of the dot would show that the sum represented 534 tenths 3 cents ' • while the removal of the dot altogether would give us the number of cents in the whole. We fancy the intense delight of all the little boys in the kingdom who are now breaking their hearts over the mystery of reduction when they hear that this rule is swept for ever out of the books of arithmetic, which a perfect decimal system would certainly accomplish. As we cannot write a treatise of arithmetic in a single article we shall say no more as to the advan tages of the plan we have been advocating, which, however, any intelligent reader will be able to make out fee himself. In the meantime, what are the objections raised against the system we are yeepselag ? The first is, laur tenth of a Sevin, twereass awl two-fifths, is too rge for a copper coin, and too kw giver. Now t the size of the "tenth" would be ea au* We el a threepenny piece, that we Es not me mimh in the objection. However, grand., for lb@ MININIM that it is valid, we answer that we do ail sequin the coinage of a " tenth" in order to obtain all the benefits that will result from the adoption of that coin as a denomination. Let there be a odonAps ot " two-tenth" and " three-tenth" pieces, ea an - tint we want will be obtained. An article costing a tenth will be purchased by giving • three-tenth piece and receiving a two-tenth piece in e;=c i and all even and odd numbers may be re by comknations of these two. In the next phase we are asked what is to be done with tho old coinage! We reply that much of it can be sadly adapted to the new system, and the rest wig be useful as long as it remains (and wo must get rid of it as soon as possible) in giving accurate ideas of the value of the new coins. there will be no reason to abolish the shilling. As the half-florin or five " tenths' it will soon be brought within the .domains of the new calculation. A farthing will be no near the true value of the cent that there will be _little inconvenience in retaining it until the moment las arrived for a complete adjustment of the coinage. Die only coins that need be called in immediately see the sixpence, fourpenny, and threepenny picot*, the penny, and halfpenny. That there will be some temporary difficulty in the adjustment of prisms to the sew medium there is no doubt, but this is always tie ones in tie transition from a bad to a good system. And the good to be obtained so im measurably overbahumee the evils to be incurred in obtaining it, that no wise man would hesitate be tween the two. ne &big mast be dolle sole day ; let es be wise and do it gaudily. We need scarcely remark, Mit the names we have given to the proposed new coins are arbitrarily given, for the greater facility at enplaned" and are not even recommended for adoption. DRATU OP LORD RaNDLIGHAIL—This soblersan died ea the 6th instant, at BealMeant Hall, Nasty of Baia. ill the 65th year of Ida age. The dooessod peer, Fredonia Mellows Huaa Resdieebara, is the peerage of Ireland, was hones the 7th of Jemmy, 171111. Me sae. aided Io IM title is 11811 ti bso m i: um, is hoe, OK Mies Chseisele. Meet et the late Sha Marge Bunks hem" Daft, widow of Jamas Dag leg. ' By the her. win died is 1840, No doseesed had hose a dasibisr, bin is 1848, sad a les sad We, readlefelt WO ' dos lime. boss r 11740. The dassired peer was a Wasp eesswisdes r *idle Ia 1 be woo desist X.?. ex aid sesdased le de kr disi sureitamey ap to the vane miss. Him lardelip /tsar* own& is the army. The wee seeseed is 1806. The lid peer wee us of p a w BR., who unlaced a Imp fortune as a iniedist is So far as it goer, the Charitable Tempts BM deeurvon all the praise it received in the Hans of Clemasse ; and though the noble lord, the member at the close of the dision exhibited syultme mlisi :e yielding • little to the claim of the City Horpitals for exemption from the jurisdiction of the Court ed Supervision and Advice intended to be eatabliahld, it is much to be hoped that the Arrowczy-Gmtrau. !fill listen to no such pretend" but resolutely THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, APRIL 10, 1852. FRANCE. 1 PA/18, FIMAT EVINTIO. • You will meneniber that is the beginning of March wee published in the Monitessr the new treaty of the government with the Bank of France, according to which this establishment agreed to lower its rate of interest from 4 to 3 per cent., and to advance money upon railway shares. It was announced at the same time that the official statement of the bank's situa tion would only appear quarterly instead of weekly. Iu the latter respect some concession appears to have been made to pnblic opinion, the Moniker having since declared that a statement of the bank's situa tion will be published every month. The first of these documents has appeared to-day, and enables us to obtain some insight into the operation of the new arrangements. By comparing it with the last state ment, which brings up the bank's account to the 4th of March, I find the following results, which are expressed in pounds sterling. The amount of bills discounted has increased at Paris by 351,680!., and in the departments by 144,4801., making a total increase of nearly half a million sterling. The advances on railway shares amount to 181,720/. The advances upon public securities have increased Ly 3,080,840!. Thu metallic reserve has increased at Paris by 358,1201., and in the branch banks by 63,000/. The amount of bank notes in circulation has increased at Paris by 2,874,640/., and in the de partments by 405,6801. The account-current of the treasury, creditor, amounts to 2,028,1201., which shows a diminution of 1,088,960/. Private accounts current at Paris have increased by 2,159,280!., and in the departments by 63,0801. The bank has also ad vanced 20 millions of franks to the city of Paris on the loan of' 50 millions. Oa the whole, the state ment published to-day is as favourable as could bo expected. The council of state is occupied just at present not only with the law on the penitentiary system, but also with another bill on judicial rehabilitation. You may remember that this question was brought before the National Assembly by M. de Laboulie, and that the bill was reported. The object of the pre sent measure is to supply the defects of the present legislation in matters relating to the victims of judi cial errors, and the means of restoring to such, or their representatives, the rights lost by sentences pronounced against them. fwo systems are pro pmed for effecting this object, ono of which would defer to the courts of justice alone the right of pro nouncing rehabilitations, while the other would leave this power in the hands of the government. The Minister of Finance is at this moment busily engaged in preparing the budget of 1853. This is expected to be ready soon after the Easter recess. You are aware that the Legislative Body have de eded that it should be optional with members to wear their uniforms or not at the sittings. The fact is, that the deputies are generally deeply . mortified by the inferiority of rank and importance implied by the poverty and plainness of their costume as compared with the gilded liveries of the senators and councillors of state. This treat ment they find not only humiliating but widely in consistent with the "dogma of the sovereignty of the people," and the respect for universal suffraze, upon which the President founds his right to be considered as the most legitimate sovereign possible. Hence all the independent deputies have, I under stand, come to a resolution of repudiating the degra dation attached to their official costsmes by never wearing them on any occasion whatever, even at the most solemn ceremonies. The names of the senators who have been so for tunate as to obtain an endowment have not yet offi cially appeared. It is said that as many as 38 have already received intimation of the favour intended for them. Among the names generally believed to be in the list arc Generals Hinson, Fiat, l'etit, and Regnault, Princes Murat and Moskowa, M. Heeckcren, M. Vicillard, formerly tutor to Louis Napoleon, and M. Thibeaudeau, the oldest member of the Senate. The amounts vary from 10,000 to 13,000, so that, in every instance, they will have an interest in voting for the . government, in order to obtain the maximum pension of 30,000 fr. Tho titles of nobility conferred by the government seem to slip out quite accidentally without the pub lication of any previous official notice. Thus M. Hclie Janvier, brother of the councillor of state who died lately, has . published a letter, at the foot of which he adorns his signature with the title of Count de la Motte. It appears that this was the title bestowed by the government upon the late councillor of state, and that it was transferred, upon his death, to his brother. In a somewhat similar way that it came casually to the knowledge of the public M. de Cambaceres had been made the Duke de Cambaceres, this title having been attached to his name in the list of senators. Meanwhile one is at a loss to dis cover what just claim to titles of nobility can be preferred by advocates like MM. Janvier and Lebeuf, who have served other governments with the same alacrity which they now show in accepting office under Louis Napoleon. The last day of the Longehamp promenades has gone off pretty much like the two preceding, in a style scarcely worthy of the brilliant weather. The President appeared to-day again, amid the crowd, driving his phaeton and pair between the double file of carnage,, without any escort. The P atric confirms the statement already given in the London papers, that the Chevalier de Saint George, formerly minister plenipotentiary of Franco at the Brazils, has just been charged with an extra ordinary mission to La Plata. He will shortly leave for Buenos Ayms, with the persons attached to his mission. Lord Brougham has arrived in Paris, on his way to Cannes. . .. M. Abbattneci has lately given a grand dinner to the judges, at which ho took occasion to explain to thee, for their government on the bench, the objects insollod to be effected by various recent decrees. It is believed that some heavy blow at the bar is in Intinn, It would be to run counter to all traditions if advocates were not to be looked apes with disfavour. la,,Fisere Dupont has been sot at liberty to-day. The all'aiire was seized yesterday. This is the East boluses of severity towards any journal in Pa& don the promulgation of the new law of the prs The Courrier de Martinique has been sup ra/ma in that colony, for having suggested that the nt had connived at the escape of a prisoner , I=l . Two German papers, the New Prussian Gm/band the Nationale Zeitung, have been inter dicted from entering France. The negotiations which some time since were set on foot between the French government and the governments of Bavaria and Mare, for connecting the German railways with the new branches under taken by the Paris and Strasbourg and Strasbourg and Bile Companies, have been brought to a success ful issue. The Bavarian government his jest brought forward a bill in the Munich Chamber of Deputies, for the continuation of the palatinate lino to the French and Hesse frontiers. A bill is now under the consideration of the council of state, and will be . . presented to the Corps Legialatif, for conceding the Lower Normandy lines to the Rouen Company. It is said that the government is about to cause surveys of a railway from Marseilles to Nice to be made; and that the Sardinian government on its part, intends to have one surveyed from Nice to Genoa. In 1844 and 184.5 a line was surveyed from Mar seilles to Italyr. by Toulon or Aix. It is intee M aikbilsh a long line of dykes between Ham obi Ihresur, to defend the low plain called Plan dla Nam, from invasions of the sea. The is adheited at 3,000,000 fr. The • Ali= that the Minister of Finance Ira suiskid tram eil the departments, except Cor daVe meesile lb* demands for reimbursements Pie. pet Oats. The total of these demands samis to 1,936,783 fr. of rent., representing a capital of 38,735,660 fr. At the Bourse the Four-and-a-Half fell 6c., dosing at 101 fr. 10c.; the Threes fell 10 e., and closed at 71 fr. 60 c. ; Bank of France shares fell 5 fr.; Rail ways again rose, Rouen 15 fr., Lyons 11 fr. 25c., Northern 7 fr. 50e. ITALY. PIEDMONT. M. do Saint Sauvour passed through Genoa on the 3rd instant, with the instructions asked for by the French authorities relative to the conduct to be ob served towards the Prince de Canino. The bill for the continuation of the fortifications of Casale was approved by the Piedmontese Senate, on the 6th, after a three days' diacuation, by 30 votes to 32. _ GERMANY. AUSTRIA. The Debata of Paris says : We learn by telegraph from Vienna that, immediately after the death of Prince de Schwarsenberg, the Eaaperor sent by telegraph to Count Iluol Behauenstein, request ing him to wait on him without delay. Count Boot hen been for some months Austrian minister in London, and his different missions at Turin, at St. Petersburgh, and more recently at the Conferences of Dresden, had excited the particular attention of Prince de Schwargcnberg, who, finding bin health Impaired, (pointed him out to the em peror as his ZUCCCISIOI. Count Bun' is about 45 years of age. Ito will continue the line of polity of the deceased minister in the direction of the foreign affairs of Austria. )le parsed through Bewails the evening before lest on his way to Vienna. BERLIN, APRIL G. The telegraph has probably conveyed to you by , this time the news of Prince Schwarzenberg's death, which became known here a little before nine last night. I need scarcely say that the intelligence has made the I deepest impression in all circles of society in this city. For the la.st three years the name of the de ceased prince has been so completely identified with Austria and her policy in men's minds, that an Austria without Schwarzenberg has all the strange ness of a new idea. The telegraphic despatch which informs us of the fact, was addressed to Baron Man teuffel, who proceeded to communicate the informa tion to the King at Charlottenburg. To-day the wires have been in active requisition, but we arc as yet placed in possession of only a few of the circum stances attending the melancholy event. It appears that Prince Schwarzenberg had just left a cabinet council, and was proceeding to the house of his brother Prince Joseph Adolphus, with whom he was to dine, when ho was seized with a fit of apoplexy. A surgeon saw him within less thus three minutes of his tall, and tried to relieve him by opening a vein, but life was extinct. Sudden us is this event it can hardly be said to have sur prised the public. A few weeks ago your Vienna correspondent was writing to you of the illness of the Premier, and it was noted at the time as singular that the government organs of the press should have contained a prominent announcement of the Prince's audience of the Emperor within two days of the crisis of his disease. A few days afterwards it was stated in some of the Berlin papers that the Prince's countenance bore traces of his recent indisposition, and straightway he mounted his horse as if to defy these unfriendly rumours. A day or two ago fresh reports were spread to the effect that the Prince was so ill as to be brought to the point of resigning the conduct of affairs, and thereupon he went to the the atre and showed himself in his box, gave a banquet to the Russian princes, and sought to conceal physical debility by the violent efforts of a proud and unyielding spirit. The Prince had seen a deal of life, had always in fact lived too fast. Pleasure had done its work on him! when at the age of 48 ho took in hand a task for which an iron constitution would not have been too strong. At play or at work Schwarzenberg was energetic and impetuous. His temper could brook no opposition. His character, such as it was, was decided and independent. Until the " punctuation" of Oliniitz, his course, although beset with diffi culties, was successfuL Ills circular addressed to the representatives of Austria at foreign courts, im mediately after that event, is an open exultation over the degradation of Prussia, and when he appeared at the Dresden conferences, he, despite of his whitened locks, the youngest statesman there, was looked up to as a hero. But this may he said to have been the culminating point of his success. Nothing was done at Dresden ; the troops of the empire were marched to Holstein and back again without ar.y ap parent gain to the state. Hanover and the Ilene verians rallied to the commercial policy of Prussia, and the Austrian provinces were kept out of the confederation. The external administration of Prince Schwarzenberg is that for which his friends claim for him most credit, and yet these are its fruits. Within the imperial frontiers the late premier en countered equal difficulties. His favourite system of extreme centralization brought him into perpetual conflict with the higher aristoracy, of which he was a member. The nobles saw the government sanction and seal the abolition of their remaining feudal privileges, especially those which gave them claims on the labour of the peasantry, and felt annoyed as bureaucrats usurped the functions which, before 1848, they had exercised. To add to his embarrass ment, the practical men of office, the Cardwell!' and Gladstones of Austria, shunned connexion with him, or were found too liberal for his purpose, and thus he was left without experience to work out his conceptions, often very vague and general, as he could. While the Prince could count on a power ful army to support his policy without, and upon the confidence of his sovereign to strengthen him within, he could afford to despise his difficulties. But the army itself became a source of weakness, and the confidence of the sovereign come to bo shared by men inimical to the Prince and his system. Bodily disease was hastened by the excitement of an uncon trolled temper and the fretting of a proud and im patient spirit, and it may be, that the event which has removed the Austrian prince from the scene has exempted his friends front witnessing an affliction more distressing than any mere bodily suffering. The death of Prince Schwarzenberg must very seriously complicate the state of affairs in Austria. For some time past the state of public opinion in that country has been such, and the general dissatisfac tion with the internal administration of Austrian affairs so general, that a great deal more uneasiness has been felt in tho cabinet of the Emperor than has been outwardly evinced. I do not hero refer to the state of the Italian provinces, which always were, and always will be, more or less in a disturbed state while under the detested rule of the House of Hapsburg. A systematical passive resistance to the government is well known to be generally organised there, and possession of the land is only kept by the army. It is not, therefore, to these notorious facts that I now allude, so much as to the state of feeling which prevails in Hungary and in the heredi tary provinces. In Hungary the measures which have been adopted by the government, since the conclusion of the civil war, have alienated many of its most devoted ad herents, and driven them into the ranks of its bit terest enemies. No matter what may be the con flicting opinions in that country, about what ought' to be done for the future, all parties aro unanimous in condemning what has been done and what is doing. The whole body of the people are angry and discontented, and the end of it, for some time im pending, must certainly be hastened by the death of Prince Schwarsenberg. Among the most prominent causes of discontent is the immense increase of taxa tion, without any apparent or pressing necessity which can justify it in the eyes of anybody, or re concile the most well-disposed to it. It is not, how ever, the taxes only, however severely they may be felt by a people hitherto almost exempted from them, but it is also the tyrannical and offensive manner of levying them, and the arbitrary and shameless con duct of the police, and the subordinate officers of the government, which have inflamed discontent into hatred. A sentiment of indignant regret con tinues also undoubtedly to be felt at the aboli tion of the constitution. Whatever may have been the faults of that constitution—and they were certainly very many—there was much in it which flattered the national pride, and it was dear to all classes of the community. It must be remembered also that the tie which, up to 1848, bound Hungary to Austria, was neither more nor less than a voluntary contract, revocable by either party if its conditions were not adhered to. Hungary, however, now stands in the position of a conquered province. It is not very likely that the proud sensitive Hungarians would bo very satisfied with thin state of things, and hence comes the pas sive resistance which they are showing to a government against which they know that they aro for the present too weak to contend actively. Wise and prudent measures, exactly such as no Aus trian government is likely to take, might yet arrest the progress of discontent in Hungary, and the con stitutional crown of St. Stephen might be yet long preserved to the house of Hapsburg Lorraine. But the very pride of despotism blinds it to its true in terests. In spite of the unexampled severity with which the government has injudiciously pursued po litical offenders, not a week panes without some new symptom of popular tendencies; and those who have not courage enough for active daring are known to plot secretly. In Vienna, perhaps, at this moment, as well as in the hereditary provinces generally, the feeling though worse than at any time since the revolution, le not quite so bed as elsewhere. People are wear of struggling, and too much taken up with public amusements, to give . great attention to other ques tions. In the provinces, however, the communal law has created so much disgust among the conser vatives, that even they do nut scruple to condemn the government for establishing it ; while in Vienna, the state of siege, the spy system, the floggings, and hangings, have no doubt created a much stronger impression on the public mind than is openly shown. The men of science and letters bitterly lament the failure of all the bright promises of the constitution. The clergy is too divided to make its support of any use, and there may be a good deal of doubt as to whether even that would be cordially given. 'rho revenues of the church have been extensively plun dered. Notwithstanding all this, however, no present out break need be expected so long as profound peace may reign in Europe ; and while 100,000 men lay in and about the capital, while guns pointed on the town so as to sweep the streets from end to end bristle on every battery, and while no one can doubt that there exists the stern will to use them, the court sulks with the Viennese even yet, and would not be sorry of an opportunity for inflicting on them some signal act of vengeance. The people know this, and keep quiet, but the apathy is only outward ; and public peace throughout Austria would scarcely be safe for a day, after the declaration of a European war, nor the people tranquil for a week, if they saw any hope of success in a rising. Anxious eyes read every tele graphic despatch from Paris, and thirsting ears are listening for the first sounds of disturbance in the I same quarter to raise their hopes of revolt against the power that now tyrannises over the length and breadth of the Austrian empire. The death of Prince Schwarzenberg, by unsettling the court and councils of the Emperor, must tend to weaken the reign of power by which alone things are now kept together in Austria. TURKEY. The Paris Constitutionnel publishes correspondence of March 20, from Constantinople, which contirms the fact of Fuad Effendi not having left for Alexan dria. Ile had been detained by bad weather, but was expected to sail in a government steamer on the 27th. This correspondence gives a very different version of Fund Efkinli's instructions from the former accounts, seconlingto which his mission was abruptly to order that the Tanzimat should be obeyed, and in the alternative to declare war. It states that he is to examine the state of Egypt, and to judge whether conformably to the demand of Abba I'acha, the application of the Tanzimat in so far as relates to life and death, would occasion any incon venience. The Porte would decide upon the report of Fuad Effendi, and Abbas I'acha, had formally en gaged to submit to the decision, whatever it might be. Fund Effendi was also to regulate the mode of payment of the tribute, which, it is asserted, is des tined to guarantee a new financial combination, now being made in Europe. Ik was also to cause the rights of several of the heirs of Mehemet Ali, whose property has been sequestered by Abbas Paella, under the pretence that they formed part of the royal domain, to be recognised. It is added, in conclusion, that the council of - ministers had met on the loth to I deliberate upon the final instructions to be given to Fuad Effendi. The French frigate Pandora, having on board Admiral Remain Desfosses, entered the port of Con stantinople on March 20th, towed by the steamer Chaptal. lie was saluted by numerous Turkish bat teries. A telegraphic despatch from Zara of the Ist states that the Scraskier Omer Pasha has arrived at Mostar with several battalions. It is added, that he applied immediately on his arrival to the Senate of Monte negro for permission to march some of his troops to Albania through their territory by the nerds route; but that the Senate has refused. file Montenegrins have concluded a nine months' armistice with the Albanians. Constantinople journals of the 21th alt. an nounce the opening of the Senate and Chamber of Samos on the 6th by the Turkish go vernor. For some time past this island, the popu lation of which is between 40,000 and 50,000, has, though belonging to Turkey, been in possession of the representative system of government, and the inhabitants exercise it with great prudence and order. The present governor, M. CoMmenes, has done much to consolidate it. Before the formal opening of the session, the deputies assembled in one of the princi pal churches of Chore, and elected their senior mem ber as provisional president, and their junior member as secretary. The archbishop of the island then administered to them the oath'of fidelity and sub mission to his imperial majesty the Sultan. A de putation was afterwards nominated to invite the Caimacan (governor) to come to the church, and in a quarter of an hour he arrived, accompanied by the chief functionaries of the principality. lie was re ceived with enthusiasm by the deputies. The Caimacan then read the opening speech, which set forth the improvements which had been effected in the administration of public affairs during the year, and those it was proposed to adopt for promoting public prosperity. The speech was of considerable length, and from the minutenes with which it entered into details on public matters, resembled a message of a republican president. It caused great satisfaction not only to the deputies, but also, it is said, to the vice-consuls of England and Russia, who were present. After the speech, the clergy chanted the Te Drum. This was followed by enthusiastic cries of "Long live the Sultan ! May God grant him long and happy days!" Tho Came can then returned to his hotel, accompanied by the archbishop, the vice-consuls of England and Russia, and the great functionaries; and there he received the congratulations of all the authorities of the island. The deputies afterwards assembled in their hall, and resolved to send a translation of the Cam macan's speech to the French newspaper at Constan tinople, accompanied by a letter from the president, expressing unbounded gratitude and devotedness to the Sultan. The Assembly was to meet on the 9th to presumed to business. GREECE. We have received Athens journals of the 27th ult. ' In the sitting of the Chamber of Deputies at Athens' . on the 21st ult., after a short discussion on the indi gent situation to which the families of General Niki tare and General Yatrakos are reduced, and the ne cessity of recommending their case to the attention of the ministry, M. Commoundourakis said that the famine with which the country was afflicted, the bad crops of last year, and the failure of the currants, had thrown the people into a very critical situation. A want of bread was general, which proved that the resources of Greece were limited. Money was also very scarce, and produce was obliged to be sold at a very low price. Unless the harvest of next year should be a very abundant one, it would not repair all the misfortunes which were now felt. When it was remembered that the incomes of the proprietors were not sufficient to procure them the means of properly cultivating their land, it might be expected that the famine of this year would have very ex tended consequences. A large extent of land must be left in fallow, and consequently the next harvest could only be a moderate one. Hut, supposing that it should be a bad one, the mischief would then be without bounds, and the treasury would experience immense losses. Prudence dictated the necessity of having recourse to immediate measures of relief, and M. Commoundourakis therefore proposed that the government should assist the landed proprietors and the agricultural interests by a loan. M. Lysandre Vilacti, after examining the difference between the commercial exports and imports, and observing that the resources of the country were eaten up by usury, insisted on the necessity of devising means (or attracting foreign capital to Greece. Ile supported the proposition. The discussion was then adjourned. A letter from Petrels states that, in addition to tho Poles who had been expelled from Greece, the go vernment were devising means to remove the small number of Italians who still remained there, and some of them had already received an intimation to that effect. RECOVERY OP MI. CHARLES KEAN.—Mr. Charles Kean, who it will be remembered, was not able to conclude the performance of King John some time saner, in conse quence of sudden and severe indisposition, is now so far recovered from his late attack as to he able to resume his professional duties on Eutcr Monday. PORTUGAL. Dates from Lisbon to the 3lst ult. announce that the ordinary three months' session of th e Cortes had been closed on that day, in consequence of the vote to abolish capital punishment for political o f fences . noticed by the last Peninsular and the legi b l a , tore waa ordered to meet, for au extraordioary session of two inonths, on the 2ntli May. On th a 2nd of that month twenty-six new deputies will h a elected to fill up vacancies. At Oporto, on the 27th. exchange transactions took place at 5 .11 to 411 f bills on London at DO day i !: date, but n every respe c t very limited. Wine freights wire still low to Lond on . but a slight tendency to improvement in shipment/ has developed itself. The steamer l'orto (Portuguese) lied been I xii,witn all her passengers CM in number)oud only seven of he t crew saved. Among the oath:Term are Mr. Jo,. p h Allen, of Oporto, and two daughters ; son, from Londou,ahipowuer, who was here on ac eouut of the llarriet, bound to Australia; M. Jtestrees French consul at this port; Mr. Anderson's nephew; Svelter Jose Augusto da Silveira Pinto, nephew of the well known Senhor Albano, of Lisbon ; Senhor Arltql11( ) Just Placid() Braga; Senhor Francisco Viciro do Sousa (Riviera, of the Commercial Bunk. MALTA. MALTA, Arid,. 2. The only naval movement wince my last is the do. porture of the Scourge steam-frigate, on Fiatuirday lax, lee Corfu, whence she would, it is said, proceed to Con,t, t i„ nuple, to be placed at the disposal of Sir S. Canning. A Captain luglssue, in summand of an lonauei brit, th e Angelica, which was recently struck by lightning, , et t foundered in the roadstead of Argostoli, lately arrived IKre, and, making Admiral Dundas acquainted with the hut s asked Lim to lend the shying apparatus at his comn.4, with a view to examining the brig bef.sre entleayouria 4 t o raise her. The admiral complied with the W;1.11 of tlis plicant, and also put on board the Scourge the paratus men to use it, and gave instructions to Lord l% Kerr, to render any assistance in Lis power Ro rah , tae brig. A letter of thanks, by the agent of the owner, in his on name, and in that of the owner, has been us rat to the shin. rah and made Italic w nee of the heal papers and the courteous set of the a!wiral is gristly admirsd. The questio rezola has been at length settled, tine third reading of the bill for establishing a local mslitia war, Pact a third time in council on the 31st ult., and passed—eel / one member voting against it. One of the members (Mr Vella) has retired, and the farce of an clectiou for a mans calor to replace him will shortly be enacted. A large house in town has recently been granted to th e Jesuits, for the establishing a college in the city. .t l ow exists, by which this class of men is prohibited frau making this island their place of residene.., but during the late 0' Ferrell rule, they were his pets and pro ,r 74, and Sir Wm. Reid has given them the power they have , long been struggling to maintain. Independent of the political question involved by the grant, it weighs heavy on the public, who are, from want of house, obliged to pay very heavy rents, and the space in which the new Jesuits' Col- lege stands, is sufficiently large to erect at lewd lour pod houses. _ As far as I can at present see, it oppeorti tS,t Ric Reid is falling into the snare which %s o-. fa! Ito hie pre. decessor, and that he does not know what are the real wants of the people. *rime will show how far my opinion is correct. _ _ The Peninsular and Orisntal Corm:l4's steamer B. tinck arrived. on Menlay I.nt, ns to! it, linic•ltee, hoot Marseille; dates 20th and 24th March rs.putively. The two vessels wade splendid passagcs. GOOD FRIDAY. Notwithstanding that the weather yesterday was less agreeable than on some previous Good Fridays, owing to the strong easterly wind which prevailed, yet thousands of the metropolitan inhabitants availed themselves of the conveniences afforded by many of the principal lines of rail way leading out of London. The Brighton Railway Company advertised an excursion train to Brighton and back at fares of as. 61., :is. ral , and is. GI each. The holiday folks who were not afraid of the piercing wind mustered in strong force at the London bridge terminus, and when the first train (down) left at S o'clock, a.m., every carriage composing the train was filled with persons of both sexes. The up-trains brought a cot responding number of persons who were anxious to sec some of tho numerous sights is London. The directors of the South-Western Railway offered to holiday seekers a journey out and in at single fires and a small booking charge. The moment the doors of the tui tion were opened in the morning, a great crowd was in waiting, and the first train down, as well as each succeed. ing train, until an advanced hour in the afternoon, steamed away with hundreds of the metropolitan residents, who were anxious to inhale a hearty blow of fresh air. The number who proceeded to Kingston, II ampton-court, and by the loop line, was larger than on any previous festive oc casion, at such an early part of the year. On the South-Eastern line the different trains that left London.bridge yesterday morning, for stations beyond see miles front town, were literal!) , crowded with psis.engtrs. Reduced fares for travelling by this line were announced fur Good Friday, Easter Sunday and Monday. The trains on the Greenwich Railway carried an immense number of persons. As usual on such occasions, the numerous fleet of river steamers were brought into active operation by the holiday makers. The Diamond Company's packet, the Ruby, started for the first time this season, and conveyed a goodly company to Gravesend; several fresh boats commenced running to Greenwich and Woolwich. The Chelsea boats ran every 10 minutes, and, with the penny Westminster and the'halfpenny steamboats, were abundantly patronised. Upwards of 30,000 persons landed and embarked at the different piers during the day. The sew steam-boat pier erected on the Surrey side of Ilungerford Suspension-bridle, in connexion with the South Western Railway, was opened yesterday for the ass of the public. The Iron end Citizen Compueirs' beats continued calling throughout the day, landing poste:ere for the trains from all places between Chelsea and Lnutoa bridge. Passengers were also ferried by steam-boats toand from Temple-bar-pier and Westminster-bridge.pier (Mid dlesex side) for one penny each. In the afternoon, an accident of a rather serious cha racter took place at Blackheath, whereby • young man named Maceton received severe injuries. He bad proceeded on horseback to Blackheath, where there were several thou sand persons assembled to witness various games and the usual donkey racing, and while riding slowly across the common towards Shooter's-hill, another youth on horse back came suddenly and violently against him, and he and his horse were thrown heavily to the ground. Several persons immediately ran to his assistance and extricated hint from beneath the horse, which was plunging and kicking violently, when they found that he had broken his left leg. Ile was carried to a surgeon's near the lima Man Tavern, where some temporary aid was ufforded, and nil.' quently ho was placed in is cab and conveyed to Guy's Hospital, where the house surgeon ascertained that both bones of the leg were fractured. Last evening he was going on favourably. SUICIDE OP A BROTHER AND SISTER--A V(rY painful feeling has been created in the neighbourhood of Ilurnsantofts by two suicides in one family, the victim , of their own rash acts being two young persona, stanches of the relation of brother and sister. Mary and Juan Smith were daughter and son of a man named Smith, a h"" setter, of Burmantofts, with whom they lived. Both Were unmarried, and Mary was 23 years of ago. From some hidden cause, she had for a short period been in a despond ing state, and on Friday night, the "sth ult., rile foil her father's house, without intimating where she was going, or leading them to suppose that she intended staying long away. Nothing being beard of her, and all inquiries re specting her leading to no result, the river .tire was, by order of her relations, dragged, as, from her previous despondency, they began to apprehend the worst. 02 Monday her body was found in the river, and conveyed to the Nag's Mead Inn, hfunslet. An inquest was held upon the body before Mr. Blackburn, on the same day. There were no marks whatever of slokr a upon the body, nor the slighted reason to doubt that the unhappy girl had thrown away her own life in a moment of aberra tion of intellect. A verdict was return"' of " Found drowned." But the painful eircuinstar.ces of this untortu nate family do not end here ; for on Thursday rooming James Smith, brother of the deceased, was found hanging in his father's kitchen quite dead. An inquest was held upon the body, before Mr. Blackburn, coroner, on Friday morning, when the following facts were adilueid ia evidence:—The deceased was a eloth.dresser by trader 21 years of age, lived with his father at Iturmantoftsr and worked in the mill of Messrs. Booth and Co., Chorley lane. Like his sister, James had been in a state of despon dency for several weeks, and lie appears to have been ray much shocked indeed at the melancholy death of be sister. She was interred on Wednesday, and the whole matter so preyed upon his mind that fears were enter. tamed for his reason. Early on Thursday !norm , : his father called him up to go to work. They started out to gether, and proceeded in company as far as Maligate,where his father lost sight of him. Here he must have retrsied his steps homewards, as ho arrived there in a very shot time. The only person then in the house wa: a youo brother, to when" the deceased said he Wall V) ill that be could not bear the thought of going to work. At sit o'clock the younger brother went out to his work , sa ddle deceased was left - in the house alone. About eight o clock a neighbouring woman went to the house for the purpose of washing, and on entering the kitchen was homheil at finding the unhappy young man suspended by the neck from • beam. She raised an immediate alarm, end the body was promptly cut down, but life was quite extinct. The hapless suicide had tied a silk kerchief round his neck, and with the assistance of • chair made the other end of tho kerchief fast to a beam extending nem,. the eeilinc.aod then completed the rash act by throwing himself oil act chair. No other reason can be assigned for these tailored@ than conatitotional despondency, acting alike upon tbe minds of both brother end sister. A verdict was r eturFtl in the case of Jaws Smith of " Temporary inanity. Leeds Times.