The Express. — London, England, 1851-11-14 00:00:00

Stine erprefso. position to emigrate, at least to the southern colonies, appears less active than usual. Government, in stead of being worried by applicants for free' find some difficulty in filling up the vessels:stir; have laid on for Port Philip and Sydney. This is satisfactory in so far that it shows the Ifnglish pub lic have outgrown the childishness of scampering off recklessly towards any El Dorado. The only suspicious symptom that has yet pre sented itself is a alight eruption of prospectuses of joint-stock companies to purchase and excavate tracts of land in the gold region. Of course in a country where the railway mania, and the previous joint-stock manias, have called into existence a class who live only by getting up companies, such a ma nifestation was to be looked for. The wonder is that there have been so few projects of this kind an nounced. It would almost look as if the gullible portion of the public were beginning to acquire common sense at last, and that the calculators upon its visionary tendencies and gambling propensities were aware of it. l'robably, however, the generally easy and pros perous state of the community has had more effect in bringing about this temporary shyness of emigra tion and reluctance to listen to the temptations of company projectors than strengthened powers of self-control or habits of prudent forethought. In Ireland the stream of emigration appears still to set in with unabated force and rapidity on the American I shores. Where there is suffering, men are still eager I to fly to any new and untried country that is acces sible. The apathy of the emigrating class in Eng land and Scotland—their tardiness in the acceptance of offers to waft them to new homes in distant re ' gions, indicates that they find themselves able to get on tolerably in the old country—or at least that their prospects for the immediate future are sufficiently i promising to tempt them to one trial more before they throw up the cards. One valuable lcvs)n is taught by this state of affairs. It would appear that an eager and name , rous emigration is produced less by the allurements ' of the new land than by the repulsions of the old. . There are always small swarms a-throwing off by any old stock. flat when the community is compa ratively prusperous, these swarms arc composed exclusively of the high-spirited, the imagina tive, the robust y healthy —the comparatively few. When we witness old age and infancy, the pale and emaciated drudges of sedentary , trades, the dreamy scholar, thronging our harbours, , jostling each other in their haste to cram our mi . grant ships—then we may be sure that they are pra t pelted from behind, not attracted from before ; that comfortless homes, or visions of impending poverty, scare them from their old familiar haunts . - 70 CORRESPONDENTS. Owed DOM rd" The Itsprro." essisilin; 'be Ism irmilre• Gaseiregs pabilohed sway Tondo mai Yrids, .t t. Is use Iler wt. aim wirer 'storied Offroillo 6p s." Lemke Wising paw, art be lathe WM, Issesiverairest. tiy Too *Nip& as the Os et pribUmnsa. 111011 WATILK AT LONDON BRIDGE ms—alaning, Ilk 166..--Afterema. 3k. fikk Twookar.-11sesios OW PM 6k. U.. LONDON, FRIDA 4 - NOVEMBER 14. IT is clear that if bribery at elections is ever to be d t ciently restrained, if not altogether put down, two things must lie done:—The number of electors in each constituency must be so extended as to render wholesale corruption by candidates of ordinary for tune impossible; and the ballot must be rendered univemd. Without these csscntial conditions the new reform bill will be valueless and rain. Both arc indispensable, and we hardly know which would be most illusory—the ballot without a large exten sion of the suffrage, or an extended franchise without the ballot. 'fake the instance of St. Albans, the anatomy of whore baseness, perjury, and ecoundrelism has re : eently been laid lure to public gaze. Out of '.."33 voters at the last election but 21i were suspected of not !wing received money, and even in their can the etespicton of purity seems to have rested upon very dubious foundation. In effect the whole consti tuency was in the market—hawked by political broken from door to dour in the City and the West- mid for the usual time—hid for, and bargained for, by one candidate after another as a whole, and finally appropriated at the stipulated price in much the same way as eu enterpi iOng grazier purchases a fine lot of wethers or a drove of oxen. In all the negotia tms for the purchase, it seems to have been almost tacitly understood that, to use a commercial phrase, " bulk was not to be broken. ° The comparative value of an individual vote is but rarely and incidentally men tioned. Some. no doubt, cast more, some less; hut that appears to have been a matter left altogether to the discretion of the brokers who undertook the sale of all for the common interest. No candidate seems to have trafficked in particular votes ; it was the compact and corrupt constituency or a clear ma ty thereof, that was tendered for sale, sold, tig . ht, and paid for. One simple gentleman is stated to have wasted a morning in making a per sonal canvass, during wLich he was delighted to find a very general coincidence, existing or prufessed, between his own opinions on Alum of state and those of the electors. But great must have been his disenchantment when told, on his return to the inn, that unless he were prepared to Pay down a heavy round sum it would be absolutely idle to pursue the matter further. Coincidence or difference of opinion had, in short, ceased lung ago at St. Albans to form any perceptible feature in con tested elections for the borough. How would the application of the ballot essentially change the sordid and scandalous system revealed us existing there ? Certain modifications might be found necessary by the Beerms and Erwattoses, were the practice of secret voting adopted at St. Albans. The less reliable and more dissolute members of the narrow electoral fraternity would lie engaged to disappear the day before the poll as the consideration fur their share of the plunder. Their hands would not be trusted in the ballot-box. 'I heir absence would be the thing required. But with the 111:1.1.4 of the constituency such a course would be alike impossible and unneces sary. We have it in evidence that the greater number of these who during the last twenty years pocketed the wages of political prostitution are per eons in comfortable circumstances, decent in their habits of life, and, in short, what are called very respectable men. Between such men and the undertakers who bargain fur their joint-stuck sale there evidently subsists a well understood and recognised species of confi dence. Before the Reform Bill of IS:12, the money was always distributed previous to the pull, but since that 'period the practice has been the reverse. One hundred and twenty electors put their trust in Erwviers, and vote in faith, nothing doubting, for whomsoever he bids them. Not till the deed is done and the member made, do they ask to touch the money. Elm %mei has a character as a man of poli tical business to support; it would never be worth his wi n e to deceive them, and in a little town, with a limited constituency, it would never be worth their while seldom in their power— to deceive hint. Ten shillings in the pound down and ten more in the event of success, would be a simple and compreliewsive mode of checking any irregularities of dealings. The public scandal would be got rid of, but the work of corruption would goon. 11w ballot would do nothing towards eradica ting bribery in very small constituencies. But let the nunthers in such a case be multiplied by ten, let thousands have the right of voting fur each repress ntative where hundreds only have the privilege now, and the mere terror of the expense which would then berme requisite would in itself operate as a very serious check upon coe niption. What is much more to the pur pose, however, utter and hopeless uncer tainty would overhang the whole transaction. The discovery becomes manifestly impossible in proportion to the numbers who vote. We know that in certain large constituencies, where parties are evenly balanced, gross bribery takes place, be cause there is open voting, and the broker is able therefore to undertake that there shall be value re ceived. But how would it be possible in Notting ham or Liverpool to trace the vote of any individual elector where thousands had on the same day all voted penally We do not say that means might not in particular circumstances be found for the sur reptitious:indication of unlawful influences. We do not shut our qt ., to the Eut that under any systetnit must still be possible to induce men fur the sake of money to absent themselves from the urn. What we con tend for is, that with the ballot in lame constituen elm the heart of bribery would be broken—bribery as it now stalks up and, down the land both blas phemous and unblushing. It might still perhaps be occasionally seen, trailing its paralysed limbs along or whispering its filthy seductions to the ignorant and poor. But the impudent swindle would no longer outface political honesty in high places, or take its foremost scat in the councils of a cheated nation. 'rhc practical application we would make of these reflections is, that no attempt ought to be made to stimulate by artificial means the present comparative stagnation of the cmirant tide. We will not be suspected of undervaluing the advantages which our colonies offer to those who have nothing but their heads or hands to depend upon, or to those of limited means. We have too frequently endeavoured to lay before our readers the inducements which such have to emigrate ; wo have made too great exertions to procure authentic information for them, to be liable to a suspicion of this kind. We arc as convinced as ever we were that in new countries the poor of average capacity and industry have an infi nitely better chance than in old countries, and that the drain of an old country's population by a pros perous colony adds to instead of diminishing its strength and resources. But we believe that emigra tion and colonisation, to be really advantageous, must be spontaneous. We believe that their activity is, like everything human, intermittent. And we are convinced that, as nothing can be more mischievous than any attempt to check the spirit of emigration when it is active, so nothing can be more dangerous than to stimulate it when it is languid. The present languor is only temporary; it is the result of tem poruxy causes, and will soon pass away. Assuredly there is no necessity for pressing these considerations upon government; unless, indeed, our, rulers shall prove to be inspired by such an invete rate spirit of contradiction as to become, now that the emigrating spirit is sluggish, as mischievously busy, i 1.4. when it was eager and impetuous, they were mischievously remiss. It is for the shipping and colonial interests that our warning is meant. The former are naturally impatient at any intermis sion in the demand for ; the latter at any interruption of the rapia m rVpment of colonial re sources. It is indeed teasing for =lent and active natures to be kept partially unemployed; but no thing is to be gained by forced work. The lull will soon pass away. The mere increase of population by the temporary damming up of the stream of emigra tion, will in a short time make it overflow with its old vehemence and rapidity. Unless some unforeseen casualties occur to derange all calculations, the first revival will be felt in the direction of the North American colonies. 'I he works which are there on the eve of being com menced under the auspices of Mr. Howe and his associates u ill open up in themselves a rich field of remunerative labour; and by accelerating the love lop:tient of the internal resources of the colony, and drawing the transit trade of the new north-western states of the American Union in that direction, they will render the country still more alluring. The recent changes in the local administration of Canada we are disposed to hail as favourable to these prospects. no star of Mr. llincxs is evidently in the ascendant, and none of his fellow-colonists sur pass him—if indeed any equal him—in judicious appreciation of the importance of promoting indus trial enterprise, or in practical tact and versatility of resources as a statesman. The revival, so far as the Australian colonies are concerned, may possibly be a little more tardy. Nor is this altogether to be regretted. The dis covery of the great gold deposit must produce a kind of revolution in all their industrial arrangements. It is better that they should be left to adapt themselves to their new circumstances in a calmer mood than would be possible were they labouring under the excitement of a spring-tide of immigration. As for South Africa—a country in all but its mi neral resources singularly resembling and equally at tractive with Australia, and one-half nearer us—its uresent unfintuuate condition baffles all conjecture respecting its future. The value of the ballot as a protection against inti midation exercised by customers, landlords, or others over their less opulent fellow citizens is in itself so great, that were it incapable of restraining the other - great cid of bribery, we should still earnestly call fur 4 . , its adoption. To give to artisans or the humbler classes of tenants in either town or country a politi cal right, u hose open exercise must continually expose " them to shameful humiliation or pecuniary loos, would I be a bitter mockery. If the satety of the state re quires an extended suffrage, the justice of the state is called on to provide a protection for these defence- I less men whose social service it requires. To tell the working man, the small shopkeeper, or the tenant at will, that the honour of a voice in the representation shall be graciously conceded to him, and in the same breath to warn him that he must give utterance to that voice at his own peril, would be to trifle with popular right and po pular feeling, and to precipitate the very danger it was proposed to avert. In counties where there already exists a much more equable constituency than in the towns, the ballot is peculiarly requirc:d. The House of Commons is notoriously a house of landlords, elected by landlords through the intervention of their unprotected ten antry, and apparently as insensible to the wants and feelings of that numerous and long deluded class as if the knights of the shire were iliyted solely by their own liveried servants. To multiply the voters in counties with out affording them some shelter against the intru sive tyranny of landlordism would effect no change whatever in the present condition of things. If county expenditure is to be made amenable to the Opinion of the ratepayers, if the inordinate preserva tion of game is to be curtailed, if the tithe compo sition is to be adjusted to the change of prices, or if compensation for improvement made by the tenant is ever to become the law of the land, freedom of election, by which we mean freedom of voting, must be first secured to the farming class; and we know of no means whereby that freedom can be secured INTO by the ballot. Tut: discovery of gold in Australia does not ap pear to have turned the heads of the emigrating due in this country. At present, indeed, the dis- THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 14. 1451 LATEST FOREIGN EXCHANGES. 111.1. 33 W lausetiftslos. UN UM 10M 00 9030 Par ACColliaL II PARLtI, NOT. 13. ; For l' - - *nal. ! 0 9= 12 11 ' 1 1 l se se ... • 4 04, le 3 pot Cents. I Si SO 5 per (Mits. ' N 416 4 per Cana. 11 dm New Lout o .« per airs. ...... ... . basbmigo ma lambs :at Agin, __ 2o ;00 days, 23 ai. Belgian, S r 16Iu 4gyp.l bastes Itestes IMI, 11.2 — Roman Lob, 11131 .. 734 ... Um Im. 2 a 1...—. Bonds 30 Tremor lim do. WO .. 704 1 y Piedmont 13. Cents. 79 63... 1 Bank Shares ...._ 2lOO Pants, Nov. 13.—Veusaales (right bank), —; ditto (left bath Olt 23: Paris sad Orlasar, 643; Pans and Room 565; bows aM Havre, 2011 71 ; Maisiblas sad Amason, 106 75 ; Stras burg and babe, 130; ebbe, 426 23; &bogus and Abeam —; Ortsuns aad Bog clams, 373; Northers, 4M; Paris sad sumoosrm 433. Mews and bump, 193. MADRID, Nov. B.—Three per Cents., 361 ; after Boise, 361. Four per Cents., 131. Fire per Cents., 16; ; after Boise, 16; p. Coupons, 81 ; after Bolsa, 81. Passives, 6; ; after Bel*, 6 3-16. Bank of St. Ferdinand, 99c. Exchange on London, 50.35 (Ily Decree Telegraph.) ANTWERP. Nov. 13.—Five per Cent. 'Nfetalliques, 741 ; do. Ardoins,l3 3-16. Three per Cent. Interior, 341. Ruasian Four-and-a-Half per Cents., Ex change on London, 23.25. Ihttsm.q. Nov. 13.—Belgian Five per Cents., 98/ Four-and-a-Halt per Cents., 89: • Two-and-a-Half per Cents., 491. Exchange on Lo ndon, 23.25. AMSTERDAM, Nov. 12.—Fire per Cent. Metal litres, 69,1. Two-and-a-Half per Cent. Belgians, Fire per Cent. Ardoins, 15:. Three per Cents.. Interior, 34:. Russian Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 99 9.16. Two-and-a-Half per Cent.ntegra 37 3-16. —Exchange on London, 11.83. BERLTN: Nor. 13.—Voluntary Loan, 102! ; Na tional Debt, 68 Exchange on London, 6.234; on Haniburglt, 131; on Pctcreburgh, 1031; on Vienna, fir-nv%, Nov. 13.—Five per Cent. Metalliques, 92 , . Exchange on London, 12.30 ; Paris, 1491. FRANKFOILT, Nov. 13.—Five per Cent. Metal- Kluft, 73. Exchange on London, 119; ; on Vienna, 81 IMPORTANT FROM PARIS. DEFEAT OF THE MINISTRY. BY SUBMARINE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH. PARIS, TEIVIPADAT, S P.Y. The Assembly has rejected the Electoral Law. The numbers were: for the second reading, 348; against it, 333; majority against the ministry, 7. PARIS, THURSDAY EvExtmo. In the sitting of today the great debate WAS opened by " - - • - M. DE i:AROCHEJAREELIN, who begged to inquire, before commencing his speech, whether at a meeting held this morning an engagement had not been entered into to make very large modifications in the law of May 31 ? The PRESIDENT said that the Assembly knew nothing of meetings held elsew here. Representatives were only to speak in their own individual names. M. VATIRESNIL, as a member of the committee on the bill, and also as a member of the committee on the muni cipal law, demanded to speak. He gave a history of elec toral ,legislation. Ile admitted that many of the gua rantees to be found in that legislation hail be come incompatible with the existing constitution. But that of domicile was not prohibited. This was proved by a comparison of the 25th and 26th arti cles of the constitution. To that guarantee, therefore, they ought to adhere. He thought, and the committee on the u oici pal law were of the same opinion, that there ought to be but one ar.d the same electoral list, both for political and municipal elections. The committee thought that a three year* domicile should continue to be required as as I electoral qualification, but they were disposed to concede I greater facilities as to the manner of proving that domicile. It was upon the discussion of the municipal law that all admissible modifications should be introduced. The executive power should have understood thle and by not understanding it, the President had separated himself from the policy of order. It was yet time for him to take that course. This would reconcile the honour and secure the union Si the two great powers of the stste. Ile concluded by saying that he should vote for the rejection of the government bill, and for placing the muni cipal bill on the order of the day as soon as possible. (Pro longed movement.) M. de Tnontoxv said the last speaker had expressed a sincere wish to maintain the most perfect harmony between the two great powers of the state. I desire it equally, but I regret that the mode in which that object is proposed to be attained is the rejictiou, without examination, the bill presented by one of those powers. The motive for this bill is one of order and justice. The results of the law of May have gone beyond all the calculations that were made. No one foresaw that a third of the electors would be deprived of their rights. M. Moat said—l predicted it. (Laughter on the Right, and some interruption.) M. DE TRORIO II Y. in continuation,said—lf the result had been foreseen, the greater number of those who voted for the law would have njected it as an infringement of rights which up to that time had been recognised. Does this law con tain no vice ? The hon. reporter of the committee has not hesitated to confess that it is susceptible of modification. Why then propose the rejection of the bill without d eigning to enter into the details ? Is the bill so rash as not to be worthy of serious discussion ? (Great noise on the Right.) I cannot understand these interruptions. I find in the bill the principle that has given strength to the glorious party of order. I find in it an immense basis for the executive power, and an inncostestable power for all of us to work together for the welfare of the state. Can that principle now be rejected as an instrument hence forth useless ? I do not hesitate to sae that your committee has gone too far, and is inviting you to pursue a dangerous path. (Tremendous interruption on the Right, and cries of "Order.") Did not M. Vete mesnil just now say that when the harmony of the two powers was digurbeil there was danger , for the country? How is it possible to reject at once a bill which has for its object to repair an injustice ? (More up roar.) I beg to be allowed to finish. What I call an in justice could not have been foreseen by the authors of the law. In using that term, I place myself in the point of view of those who, having once been inscribed upon the electoral list, have seen their names erasedlifrom it. In calling upon you to interest yourselves opt behalf of those men, I believe I am acting uoon ideas of order. Do not believe that this bill is any concession to threats. It is no act of weakness. The government, in propos ing to you to restore rights to men belonging for the most part to the agricultural classes, believed that it was prop o sing a measure of order. You know how readily in ranee hatred follows discon tent. Do you think there is no danger in exciting the hatred of the excluded electors ? (Violent interruption.) I regret to find myself interrupted at each instant. I re gret that some members of this Assembly seem to misinter pret my meaning. Independently of material disorder, moral disorder must be also provided against. It is to secure the peaceable renewal of both powers in 1852 that the bill has been presented. Do You conceive it of small importance for France, for Europe to prevent agitation about the electoral arm in 1832. The powers being the result of universal suffrage, if they are attacked the whole country will rise in their defence. Established on this broad base your powers will be more than ever respected. (A voice on the Right: " Witness the 15th of May.") I am astonished to hear the necessity of union between the powers proclaimed by the manse persons who recommend the rejection, pure and simple, of the bill presented by the go vernment. The exclusion of three millions of electors was never proclaimed at the tnbune as the object of the law of May 31.: (M. Rigel excited same agitation by affirm ing that such an aim had been overtly professed.) Hail the results of the law been known beforehand, tainly a great number would have abstained from voting it. Its abrogation was a wise, necessary, and eminently just measure. (Interruption.) The goverument had not been influenced by an empty terror; and the report of the committee was wrung in making aecusations on this point. The government will not yield to such considerations, but it knows the impressions of the people with regard to the law of May. (luterruption.) I am inter rupted at every moment. You feign not to un derstand me when 1 say that 1 combat the law of May in the name of order. If that law should be maintained, ft will doubtless be the duty of the government to see it exe cuted. But would it not be better to prevent the breath of a law than to punish it. lam astonished at the manner in which the committee has expressed its opinion. After the speech of the Minister of the Interior, the sit ting was suspended for a short time. M. Michel de Bourges having mounted the tribune, M. Dupin announced that it was proposed that the division should take place by ballot, at the tribune, with calling over the names. M. Micmac said that the speech of the Minister of the Interior,reste<upon arguments which were completely in different to him. He supported tho bill on arguments of principle. The other side of the Assembly might seek to place the two powers in harmony. His side of the house sought to place in harmony the great laws and the constitution of the country. A week ago the committee on the Municipal Bill (of which M. Michel is a member) was required to bring that bill on the order of the day. 'Why ? Because it was an answer to the government. What the committee refused to do was obtained by the complaisance of its reporters. M. Vatimesnil. In tact, the whole force of the argument of M.Vatimesail consisted in these words We also have prepared a bill in which we have considered a question of Will the domicile which we have adopted for the . . communal law do fur the electoral law? And as we have adopted a proof the less we will give that as a small bit of satisfaction to opinion for a political election." Therefore, he says to you reject the whole bill, and then we will occupy ourselves with the communal law, mad en graft the political one upon that. [Left sitting.] (The result, received by telegraph; is given above.) It is important to observe at this moment the calm and decided attitude of the Left. At the meeting at Lemardelay's every member declared that he was ready to oppose, at the hazard of his life, the execution of any law of restricted suffrage, which should be maintained. Girardin staked his life against the law of May 31. Victor Hugo said that he would not speak, since he could not no so without producing irritation in the Assembly ; and the calm, firm, and decisive, eloquence of Michel do Bourges was recognised as that which would most worthily represent the fixed resolve of the democratic party to repudiate the law of May 31, as a violation of the constitution, which must there fore be considered as null and void. The Assetstblt'e points to this demonstration as the first anarchical fruits of the President's perfidious policy. The Committee of Parliamentary Initiative yester day held two sittings. In the latter it took into consideration the proposition of the three questors, to which some modifications had been made. As it now stands it is as follows : There shall be promulgated as a law, and placed on the order of the day, and posted up in the barracks, Art. 6 of the decree of May 11, 1848, in the following terms:— The President of the National Assembly is charged to watch over the internal and external seeutity of the Assem bly. For this purpose be has the right to require the armed force and all the military authorities whose co-ope ration he shall think necessary These requisitions may be addressed directly to all the officers, commandants, or func tionaries, who are bound to immediately obey them under the penalties provided by the laws. The committee was fully attended, 30 members taking part in the ballot. 23 voted for the principle of the proposition ; 6 against it, and one abstained. M. Vitet was elected as reporter. You will have noticed that the form in which the Questor's Bill has passed the committee leaves out the two mainly objectionable features of that pro- position. It neither permits the president: of the Assembly to delegate to a questor his power of re quiring the troops, nor to appoint the commander of such troops. Still it leaves a loophole for consulting such military authorities as he may deem proper. The interpellations of Charles Lagrange, relative to the interruption by the police of the democratic electoral meeting at the passage of St. Spire, arc fixed for Saturday. I may mention in connection with this subject, that the attempt of the democratic , electors to meet at the Hall in the Rue Volta was equally fruitless. Balls, it appears, were given in in this hall; and the landlady informed the persons who called the meeting that the police commissary of the district had threatened her with the withdrawal of her license to give balls, if she allowed the democratic assembly to take place there. The appearance of the article in the Moniteur Parisien, recommending the electors of Paris to ab stain from voting, is attributed to the agency of M. de Persigny, who looks upon the appointment of de Thorigny as fatal to the policy of Louis Napoleon, and would fain have seen Billault in his place. Probably upon the vote of to-day will depend the re•appearancc of MM. Fould and Itouher in the Cabinet. These ex-ministers are represented ns only watching for a favourable moment to resume their portfolios. The Patrie states that the most likely candidates for the representation of the Seine are MM. dc Tito rigny, General Feucheres, Eck, metal-founder, Mar beau, the institutor of creches, General Hendon, and M. Persil. All the Chambers of the Court of Causation as ecmb!cd yesterday with closed doors to hear the ex planations of M. Carre, judge of the Court of Appeal, relative to an alleged abstraction of papers com promising his brother-in-law, who was arrested on a charge of conspiracy, and afterwards liberated, and to his having given a false address to the Commis sar• of Police. M. Dupin acted as Frocureur-Gene ral, and M. Marie presented the defence. The court, after a long deliberation, decided that M. Carre had been wanting in dignity in baying con nived at the false address given by his brother-in law, and it warned him to be more circumspect for the future. M. Carre was entirely acquitted of the rest of the charge. At the Bourac the Five per Cents. rose 5e., closing at 90.50. ; the Three per Cents. closed without change at 53.80. ITALY. LOIIIIARDY. The priest Giovanni Grioli, a native of Mantua, has been shot for attemptiug to suborn the Austrian soldiery. NAPLES. Our correspondent writes on the ith that the Criminal Court had tried the fourteen prisoners who remained of the alleged conspirators called " I Pugu alatori." Ono of the accused, the Cavahere Taglia ria, said that he had been thrown into a dungeon of the Castel del Ovo, and kept there several days. He was then visited by an inspector of police, who told him that if ho wished to sec his daughter and father alive, he must sign a paper suggested by the police, which enrolled among other members of the " Assassins' Society" Sir W. Temple and the Sardi nian minister. The French fleet is expected to winter in the bay of Naples. SPAIN. MADRID, Nov. 8. The Gazette of yesterday did not come out till seven o'clock in the evening. It contained the Tariff Reform Bill brought forward by Bravo Murillo. I send you the principal details in my letter of yester day. I have but to add to-day die woollen goods, which for the most part undergo a reduction of duty amounting to about 11 per cent. on a rough calcula tion. In the new tariff simple woollens will pay 21 reals instead of 31 reale as at present in the square yard when brought in Spanish bottoms, and 3 reals instead of 4 . 1 reels in foreign bottoms. Double meri no woollens will pay 51 reals in the square yard, in stead of hi reale, in Spanish bottoms, and 61 reals instead of 18 reals, in foreign bottoms. Cloths will pay 12 reels for every square yard, instead of Ili reels, which they pay now when brought in Spanish bottoms, and 14,4 reels instead of 19i reels, in foreign bottoms. PORTUGAL. Bc the Severn we receive the following letter front )ur Lisbon correspondent: LISBON, Novniusa 9. Notwithstanding all the threats and auguries of the Cabrals, that we should never arrive at the elections (the meaning of which is, that there would be a revolutionary reaction previous, which would annul the electoral decree), the day fixed fur them did arrive, and without say previous casualty. There were not, as in Cabral times, hordes of bludgeon men, armed police, soldiers with side arm., round Ibe re , pectivo places of election, to exercise a prescribed esenpation relative to electors who presented themselves at the doors of the sacred edifices in order to exercise the ri4lit of voting; nor were persons there with marked Cabralista lists, to be given in exchange for others to the electors ; wash halcyon days for the Cabral' had passed, and persons msembled round the respective places of assembly in all the esefidence of personal senility, and walked up to the urn sad dropped in their lists under the free exercise and pro tection of that decree which the reactionary party have unsuccessfully tried four several times to destroy by means of revolutionary attempts. The result of such peaceful ex ercise of the grand electoral right has been the return of 164 Progresista electors to the electoral colleges for Lisbon aid its environs, and only 4 Cabralittas ; while for the boundary (termo) 12 Progresistas have been returned, and l ied one Cabralista. The result of the elections for Lisbon lid the termo is the fullest and most persuasive answer that wild be given to the far-famed protocol ; that the Cabral! are h►ted by the country is not now a matter of mere asser tion, it is a matter triumphantly manifested by the result of the day's proceedings. The success of the elections in the primary assemblies is the more remarkable and the more worthy of notice, when it is borne in mind that the decree of the 26th of July, eli minated three-fourths of the electors to whom the decree of the 20th of June bad conceded the electoral suffrage, and in the face of ati but open threats on the part of the Spa nish government, that it would never permit a Progresista chamber; indeed, it is affirmed that the minister of the in terior has been considerab:y annoyed at the importunities of the Spanish minister on this subject. The prospect is, how ever, that there will be a chamber of enlightened and intel ligent moderate Progresistas, who have nothing beyond the well-being of the country at heart ; for on the closest ex amination of the list of the electors returned to the electoral colleges in Lisbon and the adjoining districts, it appears as if the most respectable men hail been fixed upon. When Saldanha was told the result of the day, he exclaimed, " Well, I promised a free election, and I'm content at the result." This is the beginning of the second act of the re generating drama. It is also to be remarked that neither Terceira nor I). Carlos Mascarenhas has been returned elec tors to the electoral college. Having described the elections in Lisbon, it is unneces sary to particularise those in other parts of the country ; they being nearly all of the same asturo—progresista re• turns, except Beja, where asaaminating terror always did and still does reign in favour of the Cabral, a Cabralista elector was therefore returned ; but, as you will observe, the returns arc so overwhelming in favour of the prevails ' tas to the electoral colleges, and as those electors will have to elect the deputies to tke Cortes, there is scarcely a hope few the Cabralista. that they can reckon upon one single return of a Cabralista deputy as far as can yet be seen. ' Payment was made on the 3rd and the 6th, to 2.3 depart ments and classes, for the month of October. The inactive classes arc also receiving their pay for the same month in progressive order; so that by the end of the present mont► that class will have been entirely paid their October pay. The pensions for the Lisbon district have also been ordered for the same month ; which is a boon that forlorn and ne glected clam have not enjoyed for countless years. Exchange, 63: ; discount of Lisbon bank notes, It. GERMANY. BERLIN, Nov. 12. " Leopold Frederick, by God's grace, high and mighty reigning Duke of Anhault, Duke Gothen, Duke of Saxony, Eugern and Westphalia, Count of Askania, and Lord of Zerbst, Bernberg and Grobzig," has just issued a proclamation, abolishing on his sole high and mighty authority the constitution of the duchies over which he is so grand a potentate. The population of these duchies is about the same as that of Cologne—under 100,000 souls ; but this pigmy prince steps forward, nevertheless, to express the real sentiments of the Federal Diet of all Ger many. However ridiculously hateful, therefore, the display he has made of his petty absolutism would otherwise be, it is as formidable as hateful when one considers that the puppet has Russia, Austria, and Prussia, and all the German governments repre sented at Frankfort at his back. BRAZELS AND LA PLATA. The Royal West India Company's steam packet Severn, Captain Vincent, arrived at Southampton Yesterday, and landed her mails in charge of Lieut. gcriven, R.N., Admiralty agent. Her dates are : Buenos Ayres, Oct. 4th; Monte Video, 6th; ltio de Janeiro, lath; Bahia, 19th; Pernambuco, 22nd; St. Vincent, 30th; Teneriffe, Nov. 4th; and Madeira sth. Her cargo comprises 1,200/. in gold, and 15 packages of diamonds. The latest news (a summary of which was given in yesterday's Express) from Monte Video leaves no doubt that the f r Oinuentent of the war against Oribe must be approaching. General Urquiza had gradually driven back all the outposts of Oribe, and had established communica tions on the 4th October with the fort of the Cerro. General Medina, with 1,500 men, had marched to the port of Bucco, which was already occupied by Admiral Grenfell. It was supposed that the main body, under Urquiza, would have joined the van guard before Monte Video on the 7th October. It was supposed that Oribe would not hold out long, as it was said he had made preparations to embark on board the English corvette, Tweed. The Brazilian army was as late as the Ist October advancing towards Monte Video along the banks of the li. According to latest accounts, the main body was at Sauta Lazio, fourteen leagues from Monte Video. Urquiza ss left his camp on the Salsipucdes, and pa the Rio Negro on the 20th and 30th of Au gust, Gomez being started in pursuit of Ignazio Oribe's remaining force, and Garton incorporating his force with the main body, which then marched upon Durazno, where it encamped on the 6th September. Manuel Oribe meanwhile fell hack, concentrating his force of 6,04)0 men on the 6th Sept. at Arroyo da Virgem, 14 leagues from Monte Video. From these quarters he sent notes to the Admiral Lepredour and Mr. Gore, announcing his intention of abandoning the country with the Argentine and Oriental troops in order to avoid the unnecessary effusion of blood, and requesting ships to be placed at his disposal to embark his troops. this extraordinary proposal, tend ing to no less an end, says the Commerce*" than to enable Oribe to rally his force to that of lasas in Buenos Ayres, was not acceded to. Meanwhile, Urquiza marched from Durazno and appeared on the 13th of September bethreOribe's camp, at Arroyo da Virgem, hut the troops of that chief retired be fore the advancing force of Urquiza. Moreno en deavoured to bring about an accommodation between Urquiza and Oribe, but after eight days delay no re sult was obtained. Oribe had sent for advice to Itosas, and the terms of Urquiza were not ac ceded to. Oribe wished to have all his acts confirmed, and the confiscations, spoliations, and gifts he had made to remain valid. lie wished to be allowed to retire to Buenos Ayres with all the Argentines and whatever part of the Orientals would accompany him. These negotiations therefore failed, and Oribe fell back on Cerrito on the Ist October, with only 2,000 men remaining. A supplement to the Omanereio del Plata, dated Oct. 6, has the Mllowing :—" We publish a supple ment for the packet Prince, of what has occurred up to half-past 3, p.m., the hour at which we go to press. "The disentanglement of the vital question which is agitated in this state must take place soon in front of Monte Video. Both the contending parties, the Liberators and the very reduced army of 1)on Manuel Oribe, are in front of the city. "'We saw yesterday the evolutions of the division of Colonel Mores against the forces of Oribe ; also the withdrawal towards the Colin) of the soldiers of Oribe, abandoning, without the least opposition, all the ground which the liberators wished to occupy. At o p.m. the two squadrons of the division of' Flores retired to the Cerro. At night there were present, in our advanced party, eleven men of the battalion of Ranconi, who do duty as sentinels. The battalion of Bucques, composed of :;(H) men, solicited from the Spanish authorities of Monte Video, to abandon the service of Oribe, which, if granted, they will do. The port of Hueco is occupied by Admiral Greaten, with one frigate, one corvette, and one steamer, who will not permit anything to pass. The port is abandoned by an the authorities of Oribe. All the provisions in the Hueco were ordered to be sequestered in particular places by . Oribe. News from the camp of Urquiza was received yesterday. Since the previous afternoon 400 men had joined him. We are informed by passengers from the Hueco who left last night, that Oribe had sent a commission to the camp of Governor Urquiza, submitting condi tions of which they were ignorant. They say that the commission is comsed of 1). Juan, P. In°, and the Argentine Colonel I). Josi', M. Flores. This act of Oribe verifies the statement of his irresolution, in spite of the belief that lie wishes to resist at all hazard. Notwithstanding the sending of this com mission, it is already , known that no other conditions will be accepted than complete submission—grant ing passports only to Oribe and those chiefs who ask for them. We know that Colonel Acuna has visited the head-quarters of Governor Urquiza, commissioned by Colonel Baccios, the Commandant of Mal donado. " The Prince brought us news from Buenos Ayres yesterday, confirming the report that ltosas was making military preparations with great despatch." The squadron (Argentine) continued at anchor at Buenos Ayres. Three treaties, of alliance, limitation of territory, and peace, amity and commerce, have been concluded between Brazil and the Oriental Republic of Uruguay. [For markets see last page.] AUSTRALIA. NEWS FROM THE GOLD REGIONS. By the Severn we receive the following (the con tents of which were summarised in yesterday's Ex press): SYDNEY, AUGUST 19. Wo talk about nothing here but the gold re gions. On Mr. Wentworth's land, at Frederick's Valley, the gold diggers are doing wonders. I have this evening seen a letter from a gentleman of res pectability,. who is staying there, to a friend in Bathurst, in which he states that two men named Haghan have procured 130/. worth of gold in two days, and that they picked up two lumps weighing each 11! and 14 ounces. As this gold is found in a large quartz vein, and in the matrix, I should not be surprised at some surprising discoveries of auriferous wealth being made in that quarter. Several parties have arrived in town from the Turon since I last wro:e, and the accounts re ceived from there are of a very satisfactory nature. A great number of the diggers are doing remarkably well, and many are roaming about prospecting in the small creeks, and tributaries of the nver ; it is pretty generally the opinion of most parties there, that those who have a mind to work and persevere, can make sure of remunerative wages. Three sailors who a fortnight since arrived from Sydney, have pro cured 800/. worth of gold from the claim they are now working near the Wallaby rocks. A great quantity of gold has arrived in town within the last fouris al so days in small lots. It that at Maitland a new gold field has been discovered, the locality being on Wyong Creek, which rises in the Wollombi Hills, and flows towards the coast. It is said that about fourteen persons were digging there some days since, and had found some gold and taken it to Sydney; and it is also stated that sixty or seventy people are digging there now. The spot is towards the head of dig ging Creek, and about four teen miles from the township of Wollombi, across the mountains; but the nearest practicable township is Gosford, Brisbane Water, which is some 25 miles off. The distance from Maitland is said to be some 60 miles, and from Sydney about the same. It is rumoured in town that Mr. Rotton, the mail contractor, has entered into an arrangement with the government to run a daily mail from Bathurst to Sydney. Since the increasing traffic and number of arrivals in iur districts, this was much required. The Mount Stuart Elphinstone has received a draft of 12 men from H.M.S. Acherall to enable her to complete her crew. The brig Torrington was a com plete wreck at Port Cooper. All hands saved. She dragged from her anchor in a hurricane from the S.W. The masts were cut away, but all efforts to . save the vessel proved fruitless. Captain Peacock was one of the last to quit the ship. Soon after he left her the hatches burst open. 'fhe Jane Charlotte went on shore, and is a wreck. The Pauline and Salopian schooners bilged in the same gale. Charles Enderby, Esq., the Lieutenant Governor of the Auckland Islands, WWI at Wellington, suffer ing greatly from indisposition. The Boadicea took home gold, value 213,785 L SIIIPWRECK ON TILE Co.ttir tO , NEW ZEALAND.— We extract the following notice of a most disastrous wreck from the Wellinytoos hulepoidoit, of the 28th July:—" It is with feelings of the deepest regret that u e announce the total wreck of the barque Maria, 480 tons, Captain Rank. and the loss of 29 lives out of 31 persons on board at the time the melancholy catastrophe took place. Ou Sunday last the Maria left Port Victoria for 'Wellington, with a favourable wind, and struck on the rocks off the liareri stream, at 6 o'clock on Wednesday morning. The second m: to instantly ran to the wheel, but the vessel striking again throw him over it, and before she could he brought to she was broadside on the rocks, and went to pieces almost immediately. A heat was lowered down, into which many jumped, hut it was swamped at once. A Malay and a young man who had been at tie, wheel clung to piece, of the wreck, and after being dashed backwards un•i forwards amongst the rocks for a considerable time, ultimately suc ceeded in reaching the shore. T he natives found theta in the course of the day, and treated them most kindly. BELGIUM.—The Duchess WOrleans and her two sons arrived at the Palace of the King of the Bel gians, at Laeken, on Sunday, and left on Monday morning for Ostend, where they were to embark for Englund. VOt Court. WINDSOR, Nov. 13. The following had the honour of being included in the royal dinner party yesterday : The Duke and Duchess of Bedford, Lady Cowley, and Colonel Crawford (commanding 2nd battalion Grenadier Guard.). The band of the Grenadier Guards attended and played during the dinner. In the evening her Maje-dy's private band was inattend ance and performed the fidlowing selections Overture, • • IL. hula hr au. &sr Fronde" Mendeleeobn. &team," Les Huguenots" ..... .. . - Nteserbeer. Airs de Miro and hcene et Chwur, L'Entent The Queen walked in the Home Park this morning. The Prince of Wales, the Princess Royal, and younger members of the royal family took their usual exereise. Prince Albert, accompanied by the Duke of Bedford, wont out shooting this morning, attended by Major-than rat B. Drummond, Lieutenant-Colonel F. H. Seymour, and Colonel Biddulph. Lord and Lady John Russell are expected to arrive at the Castle to-day ou a visit to her Majesty. The Marquis of Lansdowne, Lord President, arrived in town yesterday evening from his seat, Dowood Park, Wilts. The Oxford University Commission had a meeting yes terday at the official residence of the First Lord of the Treasury, in Downing-street. Present : the Bishop of Nor wich, the Dean of Carlisle, the Master of Pembroke, the Rev. 11. 0. Liddell, J. L. Dampier, Esq., the Rev. G. S. Johnson, and the Rev.A. P. Stanley (secretary). The Greek Minister transacted business yesterday at the Foreign-office. Lord and Lady John Russell left their residence, Pem- broke Lodge, Richmond Park, yesterday afternoon for Windsor Castle. Mr. John Wood, Chairman of the Board of Inland Revenue, had au interview with the Chancellor of the Ex chequer at his official residence in Downiug-btreet, yes tardily. OPENING THE SUB-MARINE TELEGRAPH. Yesterday the success of this important and in teresting undertaking, was again demonstrated by a variety of experiments, which were performed at Dover under the superintendence of Mr. Station', of the Cutts Percha Works, Wharf-road. City-road, and Mr. Cratupton and Mr. Wollaston, engineers to the Electric Telegraph Com pany ; Lord Do Manley, Sir James Carmichael, Mr. Camp bell, snlicitor to the company, and many other gentlemen who left Lotalon for the purpose of being present on the occasion. The event created much excitement in the town, and a large number of the inhabitants assembled on the beach to witness the operations. On former occasions during the last few weeks, telegraphic communications have been transmitted to Paris by means of the submarine telegraph from the Saudi Foreland, about 1 miles from Dover, and the success of the undertaking has been already amply de monstrated. It however remained for those who hive em barked in the undertaking, and to whose exertions tho public are indebted for all that has been done, to complete their work by proving the facilities for communicating be tween Dover and Calais. The object of the proceedings of yesterday was to establish the principle of submarine com munication in its fullest integrity, by " opening - the tele graph to the public, who have now the satisfaction of know ing that they can transmit messages, in the space of a few minutes, direct from London to Park On the pre sent occasion the opening and the closing prices of the Paris bourse were transmitted to the stock Exchange in Lon don during business hours! To add to the interest which attached to the proceedings of the day, several guns were fired through the medium of electricity. These guns were placed on the cliffs, or on the sea-shore, and the signal being given from Dover, the electric spark was communi cated from Calais, and the report on this side the channel was instantaneous. His Grace the Duke of Wellington being at Dover, in attendance at the sessions, was saluted on his leaving the town by a discharge from a 32-pounder placed in the east bastion of the Castle, the electric spark by which it was fired being sent across the Channel, trout batteries at Calais. under the superintendence of Mr. Brunton, chemist to tho Gum Perehe Company. ' In the evening a banquet took place in celebration of this complete junction of England and If:MCC through tho medium of a submarine electric telegraph. Yesterday the news of the division on the Electoral Law in the French Chamber reached the Daily Neer, Office, Whitefriars, London, from Paris, in less than an hour and a half. We are requested to state that the assertion in the Tablet, which has since been copied into other papers, that Lady Rokewoode Gage, daughter of Mr. Henry Drum mond, M.P., and Lady Harriet Drunamoud, has joined the Roman church, is entirely false.—Daily Asrws. PREMIUMS GIVEN BY THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEEILS.—The council of this institution have awarded the following premiums :—A Telford Medal, in silver, to Samuel Clegg, Jun., M. Inst. C. E., for his paper " On Foundations, Natural and Artificial." A Telford Medal, in silver, to Matthew Digby Wyatt, Assoc. Inst. C. E., for his paper "On the Construction of the Building for thu Exhibition of the Works of Industry of all Nations in 1841." A Telford Medal, in silver. to Henry Swinburne, for his paper, " Account of the Sea Walls at Penmen Mawr, on the Lino of the Chester and Holyhead Railway." A Tel ford Medal, in silver, to George Barclay Bruce, M. last. C. E., for his paper, " Description of the Bridge built over the river Tweed, on the Line of the York, Newcastle, and Berwick Railway." A Telford Medal, in silver, to John Hughes, Assoc. Inst. C. E., for his paper "On the Pneumatic Method adopted in constructing the Founda tions of the New Bridge across the Medway, at Rochester." A Telford Medal, in silver, to William Price Struve, M. lust. C.E., fur his paper " On the Ventilation of Collieries, theo retically and practically considered." A Telford Medal, in silver, to Alfred Vincent Newton, for his paper " Ast In quiry into the nature of Patent Law l'rotection, with • view to the better appreciation and security of tho Inven tor's rights." A Council Premium of Books, suitably bound and inscribed, to Joseph Glynn, M. Inst. C.E., for his paper On the Isthmus of Suez, and the Canals of Egypt." A Council Premium of BOOM, suitably bound and inscribed, to Thomas Evans Blackwell, M. Inst. C.E., for his paper " Results of a series of Practical Experiments on the Dis charge of Water by Overalls." A Council Premium of Books, suitably bound and inscribed, to James Leslie, M. Inst. C.E., for his paper " Proposal for a mode of Computa tion, whereby Floodwater may be excluded from a set of Gaugings." A Council Premium of Books, suitably bound and inscribed, to Henry Carr, Assoc. Inst. C.E., for the drawings illustrating his paper Description of two Bridges over the River Don and Canal, &c., at Spotborough, near Doncaster." The society have issued a list of forty subjects for which they offer premiums. PROSECUTION FOR VENDING SPURIOUS TEA.—A series of prosecutions have lately taken place in the provin cial districts against vendors of spurious tea. John Ballan tine, a grocer at Northampton, was fined by the boroughs magistrates in the sum of 61d1. for having in his possession 122 lbs. of imitation tea leaves. They adjudged one-half of the fine to go to the parties who made the seizure, and the other half to the poor of the parish. In default of payment to be imprisoned for 12 months with hard labour.—Ara strong and Britten, tea dealers of the same town, pleaded guilty to the possession of Si lbs. of similar rubbish, and were fined 401., or six months' imprisonment. The money to be apportioned in a similar manner. EXAMINATIONS IN L.SW.—Yesterday being the day appointed for the examination for Michaelmas term of can didates for admission as attorneys and solicitors in the supe rior Courts of Record in Westminster-hall, 120 gentlemen attended in the great hall of the Law Institution in Chen ccry- lane, and underwent an examination in the five several practical branches of the profession, namely, ors mon law, equity, conveyancing, bankruptcy, and criminal law. The examiners on this occasion were Mr. Methold, I one of the masters in the Court of Common Pleas, Mr. t Tooke, Mr. Bailey, Mr. Palmer, and Mr. Young. i ;