The Express. — London, England, 1852-09-09 00:00:00

It ht entreoo. TO CORRESPONDENTS, _____ A Sward Wake el hapiaa," csaistala( the was swats!), Gaulle." is publislied salty TWINlay sad Friday sight, is ans tie pad. &dm tamest, INMAN tat • Ramses." lawless Swaim. peps /. suet he at tat 1 heel Is. liciuserie-driss, ley Two sa ths Y) at pabilsided. NIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDOR. Tule My—Venda,. ..Sis..—..Alieressi. IN. Ss Toormaiv—lgersias. HS Ilk. Ifs LONDON, THURSD.II; SEPT. 9. AGAIN we have bad new. from the Cape. The eastern frontier continues, according to these last &deices, to be the theatre of a destructive, desultory, predatory warfare, of which the duration and the cost alike defy conjecture. The Kaffir chief, \A costa, was still able to send from his forces in the Amatola mountains ard the Watcrkloof, active par ties of his men to attack the herds of the colonists and sweep off cattle, even within sight of Graham's Town. The Kaffir, are the agi,ressors. This South African war in no resembles any war that could in our day possibly mix. in Europe. It scarcely even admits of being purallekd with those in which our Indian dominions from time to time ineolve as. It more resembles the marauding border wan which for centuries wasted and kept M • rude and barbarous state the line where the Ilighlauds and Lowlands of Scotland meet. To the south of " The Highland line "as it was called, was a Saxon and civilised population, locuse tinned for centuries to submit to rational laws, and pursue avocations of settled industry. To the north of it were numerous tribes, almost independent; knowing only their hereditary customs; mere herds men, hunters, and warriors. The discipline of the Saxon had broken and subdued the frontier tribes. But their country was broken, uncrossed by roads, easily defensible; while the adjoining Lowlands were easily accessible from it. The vacancies occasioned by the expulsion of its original occupants were filled up by bands of "broken men" from all parts of the Highlands, who from this defensible country sallied forth incessantly to plunder their Lowland neighbours. With their local edema tages these bands were able at times to protract their defetee against the organised discipline of the Lowlander,; and ever as one nest of them was ex tirpated, a new swarm from the interior took its Sue- In like manner, we find in South Africa, to the west of the Keiskamma, an industrious, civilised population. On the east of that river we are already' among the aboriginal tribes of Africa—herdsmen and warriors living in clans. The country these rude tribes occupy is extremely strong, and the fron tier of the colony is almost everywhere easily passed. The consequence has been that fur long years the frontier colonists have been incessantly subjected to I depredations of their cattle. Various modes of pro tection have been resorted to, and on several ocoa sions attempts have been made to expel the intract able tribes from their strongholds. The state of affairs has been complicated by the' contests of two parties among the European settlers. One, embracing a great majority of the settlers, have held that war, plunder, and aggression, could only be put down by force. The other, numbering but few colonists in its ranks, but strong in its influence in flowning•street, recruited mainly by missionaries and the local officers of government, have maintained the Roesseee theory of the virtue and wisdom of ' savages, represented the colonists in all instanoes as the aggressors, and shielded the predatory Kaffirs. The Home Government, with the imbecility which has characterised all its colonial measures, has lis tened sometimes to the one party and sometimes to the other; but has on no occasion, for any length of time, acted energetically and perseveringly on the principles of either. The consequence is that it has incurred tho distrust and illwifl both of Kaffirs and colonists, and only succeeded in preventing either from decidedly beating the other. The policy of Downing-street it is that has so entangled and em bittered affairs on the eastern frontier of the Cape Colnoy, that it seems namely pomible to restore peace. It is but just to the melodramatic and recalled governor who gave the immediate provocation to the present Kaffir war, and to his successor, that martinet and man of routine, to say that Downing street misgovernment—persisted in for a long track of yearw—has so embittered Kaffir against Euro pean, Hottentot against Fiago, and colonist (at least the frontier colonist) against all three, that a gover nor of the highest genius would be required to lay the foundations of anything like a lasting peace among them. Even such a one would find the task impossible as long as the colonists are kept uneasy and irritable by the practical denial of self-government. This it is that renders the colonists apathetic, and prevents the burgher levies from mustering in force. The colonist,—the European element of South African society,—is with all his faults the most civilised, the Post intelligentand is inspired withthe highest moral principle. It is only by placing this element in the ascendant that civilisation can be promoted in South Africa, and the teak of gradnallyiputting an end to these predatory ware began. The Highlands of Scotland remained nurseries of predatory warriors till the clans were broken, the act against wearing arms and the Highland dress peened, andportiamen. tory government established dwasghoat Scotland. Th y sass coarse nest be parsead is South Africa. TES_ MA dwell party in the National Society halo Iliad thee dry will teeth an sae the 'inhi =bits mho efil ad boo die MOP& eats eel the knew ef thle party at dm last • =117 1 4=1 P oss i ent . V il alli th rct i ti : illehles. The the pled* keeled k die geneses =hie party pet iMe mete milk gl alkokles eshes inue, 6 mini from ne admitted feet ad M. Wows Maw into the beasts Dino, bleali—ame ad the 'imet Mr. p who and hie ly, ere bowies seskor lo u r assimilles elit: i stF a si os f their gellike, slisatly let the seals fall into whim asomorp Many of these kind- mea,--erelllkg to deprive a eked of all opportunity of eduction hears his imats " t?usslitr--have selesed the rigidity of die sebselmester is not forced - b leash the ibises deelikes which their parents Med. It is well known bow earnestly Mr. Demos and his followers have opposed this relaxation 4 the letter of the kw. What may be the weal of their ultimate seams we know ant. is the ameatime, it is an unpleasant fast i beetbsik s that is tar recruits they have enlisted a Weber. n• cd BATH and WELLS has, we base, eireukted of the following l e tt er i n hi s dieesse, by whieb evidently means to convict all than who , —in their well-intentioned seal to sow some smile of Insowleitge in the minds of poor ehildres,— Madly waive a levr formalities that would, if insisted ea, essoissan the Andrea to unschooled ignorance. The letter is es Mows : Pawn, Welts, Ifey 25, 1862. K, dies Sir,—lnl rya kindly, as Dinars Impostor, send eat the wrieer4 glosaloos frau no to ell the rimy within wy dleast,_ who lave charge el wheals la unlit with the Malawi laveloty. Faidallaz ia weak A. Aso. J. D. It. BiTll mad W2LLe. tatiestheeill. Da — soaks It a rah to Wadi all the ehildimt is your the whole of the ealeMW_i 2. la so &dor, do foe Seer wig the method sod aisle of t 1. E :phis lea 0111•9 sad mossat of owe oadoeion, if it neat is say isairees—o. a. is tin ease elf lopillneed ddldwis, If say; or d show wile woos berehol wet of ma oiloosiod or 'ribose wile lerowwww loptiood were mow prosiebd is the dorsi hp ; or Of Cason Ilbni there is s doe* say of the ohms dolowoliam Nautili' say ether sow, al Wm be say slew. owl suss bow pa deal with It. At eldomeneatirewil set dwell epos the fact that Haw miemetien et tbe rule log the above tea be @Weft c l erg y men b e Weird to ratan to all children comprised within say er all of time diviises,—the National Society will fad its elesedeas simply diminished. This is a mike el modienition for the Society Itself. The peal het to which documents of the above kind Irriddlidy point, is the increasing mosesity of essahr education. A clarification of the present members in the House of Commons socceilag to their rellikm, shows that me-reventh at least are wit in cum sinion with the Church. This elm perm at any gessral gene of education Apswilsi open e pm*" artoin or religious o wall owes booms law. The representative:r: nation arc only a portion of them representatives of I the Church. Now, if that body, which symbolises the nation, is only partially a representative of the church, it is quite clear that the Chorea' is incompetsit for the sole and exclusive performance of functisas which are of importance to t hossliele nation. That edu cation is of importance to the whole nation Gannet be doubted. Education, Hurtful', UM national matter, and it must be conducted upon principles upon which the assembly of the nation can agree. How often have we insisted upon this? How often will it bo necessary to insist upon it again be fore it will be acted on ? The sects, as long u they insist upon the exclusive right to the education of their own adherents, make national education im pose' 'ble. Heed the reports of her MaJurv's in spectors, the mast valuable contributions to the science of education that have been made, and all must be struck with the fact that until a truly na tional system is adopted little can ever be accom plished. ]low is this passible under the divided system ? Look even at the training schools most patronised by the National Society itself. They, the Church institutions par excellence, an lay hold of no broad principle sufficiently com prehensive to combine unity of action within itself. St. Murk's cannot make way in spite of the charms of its choral services and the conventual character of its discipline. Westminster, which represents the high and dry section of the clergy, and sticks stoutly by the old-fashioned system of education which the Church thankfully received from Dr. BELL, after it had slept profoundly for two centuries, isin a state of suspended animation. Battersea has been bankrupt, but has lately recommenced business again. The spirit of religious discord divides and subdivides until the parts are too small for any useful purpose. Now, what are the only objections which can be urged with any appearance of justice against a sys tem which would educate the masses, without refe rence to those divisions in religion which tend to separate them, with respect to sacred matters, into religions classes ? Two only. The first says, that a school without distinctive religions doctrines would tend to introduce &carelessness with respect to reli gion itself in the minds of the pupils; the second, that the separate religious opinions would act so strongly uto impede the progress of education. It , would appear that if either of these propositions were true, it would infallibly swallow up the other; with that, however, we will not meddle. It is sufficient for our purpose, that facts trium phantly contradict both. The example of the Irish national system may be brought forward to prove that children belonging to two churches which stand to each other in the relation of , deadly opposition may be brnight up together with the greatest advantage, in point of cultivation of the intellect, to both ; and that the education of their religious faculties may be all the better for their in tellectual instruction,—supposing that the natural re- , ligious instructors of the children do their duty. The second ohjcction,—that the religious opinions of the pupils themselves would occasion discussion, and be an obstacle in the way of education,—may be answered by pointing to the regimen tal schools in the army. Perhaps few educational institutions have in so short a time achieved so great a success as these. The Church of England man, the Dissenter, the Itoman Catholic, the Scotch Presbyterian, attend these schools, and never in any instance that has come to our knowledge has the difference of religion thrown any obstacle in the way of the business of the school. The men feel that they attend school for the cultiva tion of those faculties which they have in common with all mankind, not for the resolutions of those re ligious scruples which tend to split them into par ties. l'hat events are gradually forcing the most bigoted to come to a similar conclusion is, we are glad to say, evident enough. FRANCE. PARIS, WEDNESDAY EVEN/NO. At the agricultural meeting of Clameey, the elder Dupin has delivered a s.eeeecch which occupies the leading columns of the .Dels. The kernel of this address is the invocation of a heavy tax on the im portation of foreign coal. It appear . singular that the leading organ of free trade, in which the luminous essays of Michel Chevalier appear from time to time to show the evils which France suffers from commercial restrictions, should preface a pro pane' for taxing fuel by praising the author as " the I man of progress, the type of the representative of the middle classes." Such praises only show how ' ~ wide of the mark is the assertion of the government papers that parties are dead. It is the Orteanist, and not the protectionist, whom the Debate praises. The only expression bearing a political construc tion in this speech occurs in the first period, which is as follows : From lay earliest yean, and whatever might be my sees patinas, I have passed all my vacations in the Nievre, and always with a feeling of pleasure. This year, on the eon- Wary, I haw come aamagr you with en impressioa of sad ness, sad with a mold p ally absorbed by the calamities which have overwhelmed my actuary. Those words are worthy of the president of the national assembly, and testify sufficiently that the ex-peartmeur• general of theCoartoleasmatton remains tree to the principles of his resigaatioa, and has no thoeght of Imitating the dobbin' tt M. PersiL He preemie to exculpate the pastel popeladea of Ca way hem any slime is the bearrectioe at Decem ber, alth ugh the theette et mate frightful excesses, which iahsd the immanent scribes with mate. rials for terrifying the seentry at large. " Excidat dies !" says M. Dupla, Wiatting that it is rather the Only et the goverment to wrap seek atrocities is tibMse than daily rake them tip sheik to keep mini in a state of embalm ahem. Carder sew to the agricultural state of the depertment he diploma the n mearaitted bthe Mena slimly 17, which OM benumb if smell ease asses. But the win sage* whisk he treats is the!embia et weed seaddhred aa fueL Clammy is altaaied ea the Tame, arid its poorer bkabitants are abuse wimpy in loading raltewithwoodfor the ea But sines eml same late mere ce = ll ;lt r e a gr e t wood hes Min_ gig Wile L amt of Is aggravated by ken hears "Mad," nye M. " weed benne el die minim were seal hp - Mve weed est et the Pads smite r He meson= sea a papist se lignistieg, aid g=lVge Freda as isesisseMe dividem. M. est pewee to misslist that the fate to =tl7;lmsdis sea es_ pessOiy the doom of fuel, el beet e g h tle i g e at 814 weald be a Impost still mare sad a libation still Imre latolera hie. Ile d upon tie anienes of scat-snioke, the issalabrises Midden of mane esebewic acid, the designing ef Aline sell deteghgedn ef furniture, sad ibelly themais a heavy tar to pretest France against this post. Woods (he mays) are the orna wet of Penes, end so heti. In all this speech time may be meal to seethe the ears of the raft balers of Clumsy; but, eliesend to the public generally, it is a takes of the prevalence of protective most intelligent and Hid French states imm M. makes one reason able egnerk, and that le es the and inocasist seep et act allowing pesprieliese of woods to do as the y Ilk, with their eon bat segsigni them to grow for the seg gond =s n ot the state ; "Me the state beteg= th e of wood with limey duties, and anew the ammielpality to levy a raprime ises ocirOi at the gabs et Perfamme an artisie of ammeity. The elegise et Wadsw and Ms 'melees eniiitio sign the deletion orth, el the aisle. of inure by nib lessnedisk end not pea. test the egingise ef Widmann, send vamp gad. Angie_ thejmeleile et M. Dupla against the iambs et Mudd end Ws Itsessmalst as hope that feel nay be gentesUy cheap sough in the latter oseetry to sob the append= of the word " foyer " to the Mirthless he.. of the poor no I mockery, and to Abed, in the required abundance, to industry ate of the met potent elements of production. Beare noise is made in the papers about an outrage on French subjects settled in Jlezieo. Owing to the heavy fees demanded by the Mexican clergy, • French pair were married at the French wnsuLte at Vera Cruz ; and, ups returning to the town where they were settled, were subjected to violent treat ment on the part of the authorities. The Preach minister had made energetic demands, but without success. An article in the rays, headed" A Sign of the Times," discu-ses the Si:mile-bridge verdict, which it regards as symptomatic of a general revival of re ligtous discord, and of an aggressive movement on the part of Roman catholic' thonghont Europe. Of the verdict itself the Pays aye : 1 31111111M nimm , _ _. THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 9, Whatever may be the result of the trial at the Ennis Noises, the Idetadad feet will not the less remain that a coroner's jury of IS lAA tatholies has been found in the age 1 in whisit we Us% sale* of accusing eight soldiers of man der hawing Me Ms doe te hi -inascent,' solely becinus.est rial war: s ar es sad protester:la, Tine, in the off prollistant• are not Christians, and - are ant men. Neither equity nee huma nity Is is them. Everything lelingitlinate modest them. of To We to sa anion death is to do Oud • 'ursine. In thus admitting the barbarous and frightful In justice of a verdict deliberately given in the teeth of all the 'Admen, the Pays but echoes the opinion expressed by almost all the press of this catholic country. Thum is, however, a remarkable exception. The Union of this morning, while professing to re serve its definitive judgment, defends the coroner's jury, calls Messrs. Chum and Bourke " venerable priests," and insinuates that they have been unjustly arrested to servo u hostages in case the soldiers should be found guilty. This, coming from a journal in the position of the Union, whose readers are prin cipally legitimists in the higher classes of society, is a striking argument in support of the proposition sought to be established by the Pays, that the reli gious bigotry of a bygone age is retiring But the article in the l'ays is written for a purpose. It is from the pen of M. Amedee dc Ccsena, who formerly, in the Patric, darkly shadowed forth the coming coup creeat, and who now, inspired from the same source, is second only to Cassagnac as a prophet. The folio' ing passage, and especially the concluding sentence, merits deep attention: Ireland, for the rest, is not the only country where catholicism is again becoming militant in its language and even iu its attitude. In our day, when political passion seems to have absorbed all our nerve and ardour fee the battles of the pen and the tongue, religious passion would be a fact so new and so unforeseen, that one runs the risk of being taken for a ghost from the ;other world In direct ing public attention to the mysterious movement which, upon different points of Europe, is leading men's minds back to questions which seemed dead. Bat the same symptom, although with a much less masked eharacter, is observable in Savoy, Heinault, and even in Germany, in the neighbourhood of Mayence and Cologne. In all those districts we see • catholic party forming which looks towards our country, and which is at the same time• French party, • party having its foundation is opposition to An glicanism, whose ioduence, destructive of the principle of authority, has only increased in the world by leaning upon the revolutionary principle from which it derives its strength. 'lbis situation perhaps points to great events in which France may be called upon to play the important part so often assigned to her by Providence in the transfor mations of Europe. It is announced to-day that the President on leaving Marseilles will embark on board the Napoleon, join the Mediterranean squadron, now under orders to sail from Naples, and make his entry into the port of Toulon, surrounded by the entire squadron. The whole journey will have a military character. It has been decided in a council of ministers that the Prince shall be accompanied by his whole military household. A bourgeois king like Louis Philippe might travel en bourgeois, but a Napoleon should shine in a constellation of epaulettes and feathers. M. Pastoureau, the prefect of the Cher, has issued a proclamation to stir up the enthusiasm of the in habitants of the old province of Berry. Ho reminds them of the . great condescension of the Prince in altering his original plan in order to stay a day at Merges, and tells them that what Louis Napoleon' desires is not (Wes or compliments. He asks for the sympathy of the population. His happiness is to find himself in the midst of them, and to sec them rejoicing in his presence: lie who governs France (says the prefect) is coming to lee you, all of you, your wives, and children. Let our Prince be well assured that throughout all Berry there is but one cry and but one name that rallies all hearts. This cry your lathers raised throughout Europe, and we will all make it echo again in paving before the nephew of the' Grand Emperor, ~ Vive Napoleon." This is the key note to the whole progress. The elections of municipal councils in eleven com munes of the department of the 'Mime, having been adverse to the government, the pro cot of the Driime has dissolved all those councils, and appointed muni cipal commissions nominated by himself in their places. The names of the communes in which the practice of universal suffrage has boon thus illus trated are :—De Loriol, de Ltvroo, d'Etoile, de Beau mont, de Barcelonne, de Combovin, de Charvey, do Parnaas, d'Upic, d ' Olixan, and de Plan de Brix. It appears, by an order of the day placarded in the Faubourg St. Germain, that the national guard will shortly be called upon to take a share in the garrison duty of Paris, and that "several posts" will be con fided to them. It was, you may remember, reported some time ago that only three or four sentry boxes in all Paris would be occupied by the the new civic force. This order of the day, which, however, ema nates only from the commanding officer of ono bat talion, who calls upon his men to hold themselves in readiness, seems to allude to something more than such a merely nominal amount of duty. The Moniteur contains a report from M. Sardon Garriga, the French commissary-general in Guyana, reporting favourably of the state of that penal colony. A company is being formed to Binh artesian wells in each of the 48 quarters of Paris, for the purpose of supplying warm water to baths at 20 centimes each, to four public wash-houses in each quarter, to private houses, and fur warming apartments. The artesian well at Grenelle ' which is 600 yards in depth, gives all the year roun d waterheated to 30 deg. centigrade above zero (80 deg. Fahrenheit), and it is calculated that by sinking the wells 1,000 yards water heated from 80 deg. to 100 deg. centigrade (176 deg. to 212 deg. Fahrenheit) may be obtained. The section of the Western Railway of France between Chartres and Laloup was opened yesterday. Preemie, with a population half catholic, would be placed to a very critical po , i:ion in case of a war, which, on whatever plea oon..nenced, would soon aim at putting an sad to the existence of a great protestant power on the continent. Austria, too, can risk war much more easily than Prussia; Just se a bankrupt can undertake hazardous speculations more easily than a flourishing firm. Russia would guarantee the sub ordination of Hungary and Lombardy, which, seeing no opportunity of freeing themselves, would willingly march against the Prussians. Austria would very much cement the affections of its Magyaran and Italian dependents, by giving them the opportunity of cutting the throats of heretics, who are Germans to boot. Austria has little to lose by a war; it can hardly render its finances more em barrassed; it has came, by its recent internal convulsions, to a pass, were it may deem that it can stabilitate its position only by dashing forward and aiming at undecided supremacy in Germany, so that the whole European continent maybe shared between three imperial autocrats. Reflections of this sort at I present occupy political circles here; and some per sons apprehend that the horison is becoming rather clouded. It is possible, however, that Austrian dip ' lomacy spreads the alarm merely with a view to mak ing Prussia more pliant in the Zollvercin question ; or aims, not at a collision, but merely at forcing Prussia to refer the whole affair to the Diet's umpirage. Reports aro also afloat, too, that the Prussian government is really in a wavering mood. The mischief is, that M. von Manteuffel not only has a divided ministry to deal with, but also stands personally on a very insecure footing, because he will not dismiss his pri vate secretary and factotum, Dr. Quehl, who has made himself so obnoxious to the cavalier party, that all sorts of court intrigues are played off against Dr. Quehl's protector. As yet there is no open expression of the manner in which Austria and the coalition will receive the last Prussian declaration. The parties seem not yet to have decided on their plan and given out the watchword. In the official Vienna Gazette, the fact of Prussia's declaration was notified in a telegraphic despatch, Baying, that Prussia had not responded to tho fair and conciliatory offers made by the states "which had bound themselves to Austria and each other by tho Darmstadt treaties." The Saxon Liberal, a journal in the Austrian interest, tries to improve the trick of the Prussian declaration, which it pretends to regard ss having yielded to all the coalition's demands, and thus re moved the points in controversy. But the chief official organs have not yet declared themselves on the subject. The coalition ministers will hold a con gress in a few days at Homburg. The Prussian government, it will be remembered, lately republished an old edict, forbidding Prussian students of catholic theology to visit the Jesuit col lege at Home, on pain of their being subsequently prevented from holding clerical office in Prus sia. The catholic party have taken fire at this restriction of their religious freedom. The bishops of the Rhenish provinces, I hear, have flatly replied, that the constitution guarantees the catholic church from all temporal interference in its internal arrangements, and that they will appoint to clerical office such candidates as they may deem tit, without asking the government's leave. Petitions to the king, in form of remonstrances against this illegal act of the ministry,are circulating in the catholic provinces and, whether the government yield, or persist and brave a collision,the consequences will be deplorable. The catholic party seems to set its policy in unmea sured aggression ; and, in fact, when protestant governments themselves lean to the exercise or sup port of hierarchical authority, romanisrn, as the highest development of the hierarchical system, must gain in the contest. SWITZERLAND. The Massager du Ili& 'eye : £ mom seamed Aninsek, of Lemma* (Gard), a political entugue, regimes el omen, was included in the last aro nally. Fat free drvitiag say Wade for the favour that ilsee him. he womb Its the Ftat of the Republic a letter NI et .Wei ss ed as dasereest is the Swims a has deeided that Anbasel shall r i nT i s L oved to the hissiwro where seems town shall be r eigned him as his realiewes. GERMANY. PRUSSIA. BERLIN, fiars. 6. The King held this morning a review over the composing the garrisons of Berlin and Pots and then gave the staff officers • grand dinner in the state chambers of the palace. His majesty is looking very well after his sea-bathing. The /Erna Zeiteseg hu been confiscated by the police this evening, with such dispatch that even the private subscribers have got no copies. The reason If the measure is not known, therefore, among the public. On Saturday last the %ream Zeitung as sumed a very challenging tone against Austria; hihted at warlike intentions on the part of the Vienna cabinet, and talked very big a bo ut " the echo " which would resound from Prussia's ranks if Austria strikes upon the hilt." It is very probable that the paper, as is its usual manner, continued the theme with increasing intemperateness. Of course the government must desire to prevent, at the pre sent critical moment, all expressions of an irritating nature with regrrd to Austria, particularly in the organ of the cavalier party, which is believed to repro seat the feelings of the court. What gave occasion to the Him Zeitwsg's article of last Saturday is a repot that the Austrian government has ordered to be made b r the G rea t North lgirili for the transport of large bodies a troops at the commencement of the next mouth; and the conjecture is, that at that ported the coalition's reply in the Zollverein will be given and the lest breach,declared, when Austria deems it prods= to have a force ready for checking any dsemestrations of popular discontent in Saxony, and also for taking military occupation of any coali tion state which might be inclined to retract from the Darmstadt obligation& Hints are also given, that Austria will go still further; namely, that Brunswick and the Thuringian duchies will be declared to be still bound to their treaties of customs union with the southern states, not having given, as Prussia did, notice of secession within the stipulated term; and that Austria will assert the federal authority for the maintenance of the coalition's claims on these smaller states, which have hitherto been mere satellites of Prussia. This would be a severe blow for the Prus sian government. Austria, having the letter of the law and the whole southern coalition on its side, would doubtless push recklessly forward, knowing that Prussia has every reason to shun a violent cant sioo, not only because war would be an incalculable disaster, but because, at the present moment, while the Jesuit emissaries have blown the slumbering =beta of religious fanaticism almost to a dame, AUSTRIA. A Vienna correspondent writes on the 31st inst. : A little more—say the nomination of a f e w generals and bishoprics—and the church and state will have a purely military organisation. The Statthalter of the coast land, the Ban of Croatia, the government of Dalmatia, like scores of other high agents of government, all soldiers of mom or less distinction, add to their other civil functions—the direction of the Marine, the presidency of the Admi ralty, the treasurership of the Board of Education, and the Customs' controL But what will be said of the last measure of the government, which shatters to pieces the ministry of commerce, that fair creation of Baron Bruck, and unquestionably the most active and useful department of the government, and hands over its various functions to a set of half-pay generals and lieutenant field marshals P The Hussar General Legeditsch, of the Holstein ex pedition, is named inspector-general of railroads ; General Coronini, of inland navigation ; G enera l Hauslab, of telegraphs; and General Urban, of ' postal communication. Besides these, the consular office is to be directed by a soldier. Such facts are barely credible, but they are to be read i n bl ac k and white in the : Austrian press, which does not trifle in print, and, least of all, where a government depart ment is concerned. The substitution of gendarmes for police appears by the side of these facts a very small affair. With such a prospect o pen before them, the youth of Austria may well judge that educational lualifications and university success are mere luxuries, and that the science of political economy, with the arts of policy and govern ment, are to be learned better in the bar racks and camp than in the lecture hall, or in the practical buainess of civil life. The once hopeful statists of the ministry of trade, the' Deacon Humes, the Porters, and Macgregor. of Au tria are in despair. The rewards of years of toil and study are snatched from before their eyes. The finance minister is still a civilian, but how long this poet will remain the desire of generals, can only be coujectured. The bookseller, Mans, of this city, has been im prisoned for ten day s fo r having had a hand in the publication of Georgey's Memoirs of the Hungarian war. The Prase of Vienna states that immediately after tho arrival of Marshal MT= in Paris Prince Louis Napoleon wrote to the minister of police, or dering that all necessary measures might be adopted to prevent any violation of the rights of hospitality towards him. The same journal states that the Princess Waaa will return from Moravia with her daughter, the Prince's Caroline, at the end of this month, and pass the winter in Vienna. BADEN. The Regent of Baden was to leave Carbindle on the 4th inst. for Hungary, where he would meet the Emperor of Austria, and attend the great military manasuvres of the Rakosfeld. The Suabian Moreury, which gives this statement, naturally connects the journey with political questions, and particularly with the Zollverein settlement. The state of siege in Baden was removed on the Ist, but the change was not perceptible in the Grand Duchy. ITALY. PIEDMONT. A letter from Nice, of thebih, in the Avenir, says : It is announced that several Freida exiles residing here since the events et Demobs; have remind orders to gait the town, to be osigeed sesikesse ia the Interior of Pied mont. This mammies has been wispeed, it is said, by the Sardinian government, at the et the agents of the French government and es the occasion of the waste of the President through t he department of the Var. A Turin journal states that Count Picoolet d'Her billon, formerly Sardinian minister in the United States, is to go to hfadrid as representative of the Sardinian government. hi. do Barrel, Sardinian chargé d'effafres in Swit zerland, has been nominated councillor of legation, and chargé d'affaires ad interim at Paris. Ho is to be succeeded at Berne by AL de Launay, eon of the last Viceroy of Sardinia. ROMAN STATES. On the subject of railways in the Papal States the Roman correspondent of the Augsburg Gazelle writes: U Tho pitiful failure of our railway schemes has brought two It►lian prince' well nigh to ruin. Princes Conti and Altieri, the latter a brother of the cardinal, confident in the construction of the line be tween Rome and Ancona, had gone deep into specu lation, and now find themselves suddenly called upon to refund borrowed capital, which it is not in their power to realise. Prince Altieri's estate is already In the court for administration. An influential cardinal lately mewed a well-known personage that the Popo was more than ever convinced that the con struction of the proposed railroad would have had Nearly all the soldiers enlisted for the Pope's army at Portarlier have deserted at Civitta, and now amuse themstlves by stopping the diligences and plundering travellers. the end of bringing to Rome so manypersons of CAPE OF GOOD 110 PE. suspicious polities that it would be necessary pe to treble the police force. For this reason the line was aban doned. TIIE KAFFIR. WAIL PLYMOUTH, WEDNESDAY. SEPT. 8. The General Screw Steam Shipping Company's mail packet Hellespont, Captain V. Watts, arrived this morning at 5 o clock. Her dates are—outward, Plymouth, Juno 20; St. Vincent, July 8; arrived at the Cape, July 29, being a passage of 33 days, the shortest on record ; homeward—left the Cape August 3; St. Helena, August 11; Ascension, August la ; St, Vincent, August 2•i; Plymouth, Sept. 8. The news from the seat of war (a telegraphic sum mary of which appeared in our second edition of yes terday) is as gloomy as ever, and many persons well acquainted with military proceedings on the frontier express a belief that the settlement of the war is as far off as it was twelve months ago. On the lit of July General Cathcart issued a pro- clamation, calling for the assistance of every man capable of hearing arms, and on the 20th his Excel lency issued an explanatory circular, in which it is stated that all he required was a deputation of all the fighting men who can really come to represent the district, and fur those who cannot come to as sist those who can. The governor insists on this help. The mother country bus sacrificed much life and treasure, while its only real advantage was tho possession of the seaport of Simon's Hay. The protection of certain colonists who settled on the frontier 30 years since might be considered an obli gation, but such obligations have their limits. This must probably he the last Kaffir war carried on at the cost of the British government. The object of General Cathcart's intended expedition was two. fold—first, to test the willingness of the colonists; and secondly, if they came forward, to demonstrate to the Kaffirs that, independently of the Imperial force, there was sufficient strength in the colony to chastise the enemy, should tie again attack the fron tier. If the General found the colonists unwilling, he had ample force to cross the Kei and vindicate the national honour, but this would convince the world that the colonists were deficient in their former energy, and their chief opponent Krtli would ever after hold them in contempt. After returning from the expedition beyond the lid, the Governor says it will be his duty to report to the home government if tho colonists had not ren dered him proper support; in that case he will pro bably be ordered to withdraw his army, when his parting recommendation to them would be to keep less sheep and oxen and inure shepherds and herds men, for wild men and wild beasts would Hon recover their ancient sovereignty in the Fish River and Zuurberg, and the colonists will not he able to drive them out as their• fathers did in the olden time. The files of Cape papers give the usual accounts of cattle lifting by combined llottentots and Kaffir., and of reprisals by the regular forces and burghers. The only attack worthy of notice was one made on the Waterldoef by Culonel Buller, of the Rifles, on the 24th of July, when the Kaffirs were lured from their stronghold by a feigned retreat, and were thus exposed to the full fire of the Artillery and Rifles, suffering a loss of more than 100, while only three of Colonel Buller's force were wounded. Under date of the 2d of August, lieutenant-Go vernor Darling has addressed a circular to the civil commissioners of the western districts, in which, after referring to General Catheart's letter of the 21.1 th of July to the eastern provinces, he bay's that, by tho last newspaper accounts from Graham's Town and Port Elisabeth, the governor's views had been promptly responded to, and that considerable contri butions had been cheerfully rendered towards equip ping the contingent from the eastern districts. Lieu tenant-Governor Darling then gives instructions to the commissioners to make known through the field cornets that they are ready to receive contributions is money or kind towards the equipment of tho eastern volunteers, to be forwarded to the Treasurer- General in Cape Town, and sending ut the same time to the governor's secretary accurate lists of tho names of the contributors. A correspondent, writing from Cape Town, on rho 3d of August, says : The llcllespont leaves this afternoon fur England, after a rapid passage out of 32 days. The intelligence she takes home is in so far satisfactory, as showing the decided line of policy General Cathcart has adopted in endeavouring to bring this inglorious but expeiedve war to a speedy termina tion. The most important document that has appeared since last mail 11 the Governor's appeal to the eutern pro vince burghers, to join him in tie great txpeditiun to the Kei, and, it is most satisfactory to add, with some prospect of success. The Lieut.-Governor has issued circulars to those of the western provinces, urging them, by contributions, either in the shape of money or articles, to assist in the equipment of their eastern brethren. This is looked upon as a wise measure, and will, there is little doubt, be generally responded to. (Both these notices appear below.) It may here be mentioned that the Cape Town subscription list to the relief of the Kaffir war sufferers is upwards of 4,2001., and that for those by the loss of the Birkenhead about 1,4001., including the Legislative Council's grant. Tho other intelligence from the seat of war consists of the same history of encounters between predatory banded the enemy and the frontier farmers which has marked its pro gress from the commencement ; but, although elate general order mentions a strong body of cavalry and infantry of the enemy having " extended, cloud, fired, retired, &c., by the sound of the bugle," they have suffered severely in one or two cleverly executed ruses. The general feeling is that the war is now drawing to a crisis. Macomo is the only chief that has ant thing like a force to depend on, the gene rality of the Ghikas have either crossed the Kei or found an asylum among the friendly Kaffir". General Cathcart's expedition was to have left t ort Beaufort on the 31st ult. ; every mail from the frontier is, therefore, looked forward to with great anxiety. The news from the sovereignty is very satisfactory. A constitution had been agreed upon by delegates authorised for that purpose by the High Commission e r s . Mr. Henry Green, Assistant Commisaary-General, has been sworn in as British resident, in the room of Major Warden, who has been relieved. The inhabitants are giving great attention to wool growing, fur which the country appears to be ad mirably adapted. From Natal the news is also highly favourable. It has now been satisfactorily proved that sugar, rice, and coffee can be grown to advantage. A vessel bas arrived from Mauritius with 15,000 cane tops to order, while a number of spirited individuals have sent one of their number to Madras for Coolies, in order to give the cane a fair trial. In Caps Town public attention has been directed to the alleged discovery of coal about 12 miles from the city. A oosuaiesion, appointed by the Lieutenant-Governor to in spect the spot, has returned without establishing any other fact than the existence of coal ; hut to what extent. or whe ther worth working, has yet to be determined. One or two scientific men are, however, very sanguine as to the result. A coal mine so near the port would prove more valuable than geld diggings. We subjoin the following circular:— Fort Beaufort, July 20. Sir,—You have received my proclamation of the let of July, and no doubt have given it due circulation, and done your duty in forwarding its object. In the wording of the ordinance, the phrase " Every man capable o f bearing arms " appear'. It is scarcely ne cessary to explain that I do not expect this to be taken in the literal sense ; all 1 require is a deputation of all the fighting men who can really come to represent their dis trict; but I expect that all those who are not fighting men, and stop et home, will encourage and assist to the utmost those who go forth in their Mlle, giving them ample means of equipment and support in respect to their horses, arms, and sustenance, until they meet me, fur 1 will not issue rations to those who may profess to come and may not firth e. lam here to do my best to put an end to this long and tiresome war, and to establish a lasting peace on this boo ties, if lean ; but the colonists themselves must help ms to do so. The hostile Kaffir* are nearly subdued and removed to a distance front the border; • little more exertion and per severance will complete this work. Certain llottentot ma rauders arc still roaming about the country, but when con centrated for mischief do not amount to :30U men. As to the Kaffir., precautions must still be taken calcu lated to prevent their return, and tardy or half measures will not stance to do this. As to the three hundred robbers —a thousand mounted police, who, if they are not already enrolled, and on duty, is no fault of mine—should suffice alone to protect these frontier districts from their ravages, and if duly supported, see long to root them out. Much treasure, loss of life, and bard service of her Ma kesty's regular troops and paid levies have, as you well now, been expended by the British government for the protection of this colony, from which the mother country delives no real benefit except in the possession of the 'ex port of Simon's Bay ; the mother country i<, therefore, ac tuated, possibly in some degree by national pride, but mainly by benevolent sympathy, in making the great sacri fice she has done in this cause. Perhaps the protection of certain colonists who were en couraged by the British government on the eastern frontier upwards of 30 years ago might, to a certain extent, be con sidered as obligation, but such obligations have their limits, and grants of better land elsewhere, where sheep and oxen can feed in security, or pecuniary compensation, far leas expensive than a succession of Kaffir wars, would provide amply and equitably for any such claims. This must probably he the last Kaffir war carried on in this country at the cost of the British government, for the expenses of another, amounting to 1,000,000 f. sterling, can not again be expect, d to be drawn, by vote of the Imperial Parliament, from the pockets of the British constituency, in a cause in which, except from motives of sympathy and. beitevoloiloo, it his no nal iolonst. 852 SPAIN. We have received the Madrid journal's of the 3rd. The Ileraldo states that the treasury bands of the government are so much in discredit that many per sons refuse to take them except at a considerable re duction on their nominal value, and that from the difficulty of obtaining money the payment of the sala ries in the different departments of the government goes on very slowly. The same journal announces the departure of a deputation of iron masters for La Granja, with a petition to the Queen, praying her to revoke the recent concessions in favour of foreign iron, which they say arc contrary to law as well as to their interests. Some of the Madrid journals have for some time past been demanding the suppression of bull-fights. In opposition to them, a petition, praying the Queen to establish a school of tauromachis, has been signed by several thousand persons, and presented to her majesty by the Duke de Veraguas. A letter from Riga states that there was frost there in the night of the 23th ult. HOLLAND. The following paragraph in the Patrie of Paris may be taken as an official contradiction of the rumoured suspension of diplomatic relations between Franco and Holland : The departure of M. d'Andri, minister of France in Holland, on the 4th, after hosing been received in an audience to take leave, by the King of the Netherlands, gives rise to the most contradictory commentaries. On the faith of two Dutch journals, some French papers have has tened to; announce that our minister plenipotentiary was recalled, in consequence of the refusal of the parliament of the Netherlands to sanction the convention relative to the protection of literary property with France. It has even been added that the government of the Nether lands was about to recall General Baron do Fagel, its representative at Paris. Wo are in a position to reassure public opinion as to all these rumours. H. &Andre has only returned to France to enjoy in his family a leave of absence for three months. Baron de Fagel, cuinister of the Netherlands, does not think of leaving his post at Paris. Besides, there is nothing in the relations between France and Holland which could cause at this moment the recall of the minister pleni potentiary. Some journals announced too hastily, a short time ago, the retirement of M. de Fagel, who had demanded from the King of the Netherlands the authorisa tion to retire on account of his advanced age; but his Majesty William 111., appreciating the capacity of this statesman, would not consent to deprive himself of kis services. TURKEY. On the Turkish differences with Franco, the Journal de Constantinople, of the 19th ult. says: It is with pleasure that that we announce thst the differ ent questions pending between Turkey and France received, ou Monday last, a solution in conformity with the spirit of equity of the Sublime Porte, and the good relations which exist between the two states. This soluti in, which will no doubt have for effect to draw those relations still closer, was trensm , tted the same day to the Marq u i s d e Laviette, ambassador of France, who, the day after, at about five o'clock In the evening, Bent off the steamer, the Chaptal, to convey it to his government. We read in the State Gazette : His Imperial Majesty the Sultan having taken the happy resolution of placing the Tanis neat in vigour in Egypt, as in all the other provinces of the empire, sent, some time ago, Fund Effendi to Egypt, charged with the mission of con certing with the eeveraorgeseral on the modifications re quired by the state of the province. Fuad Effendi, after his arrival in Egypt, discussed with the governor-gene ral the different modes of executing the lanai- mat ; and when his mission was fulfilled accord- Mg to the will of his Imperial Majesty, he returned. After the conference which took place here, on the state of Egypt with Edhem P at h s , and Hairedden Pasha, who were summoned to Constantinople in virtue of an imperial ordonnsnee, a series of regulations were drawn up, and the Sumac relative thereto has emanated from the imperial will. Afif Bey, vice-chancellor of the imperial Divan, has been charged to convey this firtran to Egypt, and the mission of &them l'acha and Hairedden Pacha being terminated, they have had the honour to present their homages to his Imperial Mejesty, who bas been kind enough to allow them to returu to Egypt, and to give them on the occasion a mark of his munificeuce, in according to each a snuff-box set with diamonds. The seal and exertions of Abbas Paella on the occasion of the bringing into vigour of the tansimat in Egypt, have con firmed the sincerity of his submission to the imperial throne, and have consequently deserved the high satisfaction of his Miesty the Soften, our august master. Bands of brigands, fully armed, continued to commit numerous robberies and crimes in Constan tinople; and had violently resisted the police. ' Energetic measures had been taken by , the new minister of police, liairedden Pacha. • Nakim Pacha ad been nominated grand master of the artillery, and Selim Pacha general-in-chief of the imperial guard. Said Pacha, son of the late Mehe met Ali, had had an audience of tho Sultan, and been very kindly received. Troops had been sent off to Candice, and their arrival calmed the agita tion, which had for some time existed in the island. The Journal de Constantinople announces the arrival in the Dardanelles, on the 17th, of the English corvette, the Modesto, 20 guns, from Corfu. This journal makes no mention of the vessel having been tired on by the Turks, as circumstantially re in the Trieste Garda, but says that, on the 9th the Modesto saluted the fort, and the salute was duly returned. She waited for permission to pro ceed to Constantinople, and having obtained it, ar rived there on the 20th. COTTON FROM WZIMIRS AntlCt.—A year or two ago our esteemed terousaus. Mr. T. Clegg, put himself in communication with the Char& Missionary Society with a view to lad tees M hake practical measures to convince the native shish is lint district of Western Africa', which Is in the weighlowtheed of Sierra Leone, that it would be more predtsbis to employ *air people in growing and col lecting masa thew to sell then as slaves ; and Mr. Cl.n WWI OD risk 111111. la giving . the thing a sten. He imam wee 4110 SIMI Of dues pas, • cleaning ma thins emit at idialtrage. and • charka; and he has slate Isrwarded a farther supply of these instruments, wadi too , oases ,seed, and every other requiste "l . lth Er. =has also availed himself of the op portunity 'fantod by the visit of one or two missionaries of the Church Miwicsuy Society to Manchester to show them the processes of cleaning and preparing cotton, and to interest them in the matter; and be has succeeded in causing agents to be employed at Slurs Leone, in going shout the country buying cotton wherever it can be obtained, from anyone who will be at the trouble of picking it up; and to notify that cotton will be bought in any quantity, on application made in certain accessible quarters. Thus tar the agents thus put at work have been very successful ; in deed they have, within a very short part of the present sea son, purchased to this manner Io,ooolb. weight of indige nous cones, grown entirely without cultivation. The agents say that as they have invariably bought all the cotton that had been offered to them, the natives are now becoming widely aware of the market for that article which exist', and are becoming animated in the eager desire to engage in the collection and sale of it; so much, indeed, is this found to be the case, that the mission aries, who have hitherto superintended the transactions, declare themselves quite unable any longer to manage the matter, owing to its increased calls oa their time ; they have therefore requited Mr. Clegg to send over an agent to de. vote his whole attention to it, and Mr. Clegg is now in quest of a suitable young man to undertake this responsibility. Lady Buxton, widow of Sir E. Buxton, the late well•known philanthropist, has also taken considerable interest in the profitable employment of the poor natives of Western Africa, and has placed 6W. at the disposal of the African Improvement Society for the furtherance of this object. Daring the last few days, Mr. Clegg has received a first consignment of nine bales of cotton from Sierra Leone, and tour of these are sent as being purchased by part of lady Buxton's contribution to the African Improvement I Society. Further consignments are expected to arrive shortly ; and the agents on the spot wr it e th a t enoug h h as been done to ensure complete success in the cultivation of ' cotton in that district, should the efforts already made be properly supplemented by continued exertions. Samples of the eon, n which has thus come into Mr. Clegg's hands were yesterday exhibited on the Manchester Exchange ; the quality is considered to be a little better than "good" Orleans, u far as staple goes; and in Liverpool the cotton is valued at about 7d. per lb., although some consider it worth less and others worth much more. Several parties offered 6d. for it yesterday in Manchester, but the only lots that have yet been sold have realised 7d.—Manchester Ecornieser. .... VAUXIIALL.—Last night Mr. Green, the veteran aeronaut, took his benefit, and made his five hundredth ascent, from these gardens, accompanied by right persons. Just as the balloon was liberated six cannon were fired in honour of the event, and the cheers of the spectators were not wanting to encourage the hardy veteran in what was announced as his last trip. As the Nassau was ascending another balloon appeared over the Vauxhall Gardena, which was supposed to have ascended from North Wool wich, and both went in company in a westerly direction, the wind blowing rather freshly at the time.