The Express. — London, England, 1851-10-06 00:00:00

Zhe erfrtoo. A ttr.ur Vides • f Esproo.'' seatolatose .he Nose wotoire's to pitott.oird toter TesUty u: rTtlay steAll tw root. ANlceouerewatolatoo2oC for "TM Taereoo.' • Lapin zombi, pa " aototrocotrert, ky Two o'clock M the dB, of pelikatioe. DIOR WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE Tom Mr —l4orottig. 111. 54 , .........A110r00n5. Ob. Or. To•eouoy—More:eg On. 22‘. Afterooos.ulo. 44r. LONDO3; 310-VDAY, OCTOBER 6. AT last we begin to descry the termination of that barren quarrel between landed and industrial inte rests which has for so lung a time absorbed parties, paralysed statesmanship, compelled the adjournment of so many questions of real and general improve ment, and rendered large masses of the national constituencies ineifferent to any other consideration than the immediate state of their pockets and resources. The officers of the protectionist army , begin to drop in ono by one, abandoning their ' colours, some in despair of seeing them triumph, others in conscientious doubt of the justice, and, eon oequently, of the solidity of their cause. Has the movement proceeded altogether from the chiefs, and from their impatience at finding them selves in a path without issue ? liae this impatience been increased by a near prospect, almost by a grasp of office, from which they were repelled by the im practicability of using their opposition principles as ministerial ones? And hence have the leading pro tectionist., whom Lord STANLEY honoured with a call, come to the determination that they will no longer consent to render themselves impossible? However strong and obvious their motives, they are not sufficient to wanunt the open flinging off of protection on the eve of a general election unless the agricultural constituencies themselves—in other words, the farmers—had begun to show signs that they too were weary of entertaining delusive hopes of protection, that they preferred to listen to the truth, dishearte g as it might be, and that they wanted practical leaders rather than honest fools or designing charlatans as their spokesmen. It is truly time for the farmers to use this lan gungr, for as long as the old logic and humbug of protectiiin was in vogue, it was impossible fur tenants to conic to any fair understanding with landlords. To be sure, although promises of restoring protec tion have become hopeless and stale, the landlord party have already provided a substitute to thrust down the farineis' throats, and ward off their impor tuuitice. They are now to be relieved of a certain portion of local taxation; although what portion of this falls really upon the farmer, and would not be added to rent if taken off, dues not appear to have been vet discovered. There is great gain, however, in thus having the question shifted to purely fiscal ground, since it can not but lead to a gencrid fathoming and survey of taxation, and to a complete mapping out of property, its debts and its burdens. And all parties should come to this inquiry determined to carry it through in a just, and not a party or vindictive, spirit. Un doubtedly the state has its first lien on that portion of the property in land, which consists of the natural pewees and fertility of the toil. For this, originally given and secured to its holders hereditarily by the Mate, was never so given but on the condition of contributing to the support of the Sovereign and his governmeat. So far as the wealth of land is the produce of its natural power, or so far as that wealth has increased by the general weu'th of the non-landed community, so far land is bound to pay out of its surplus produce more titan the returns of capital amassed in money and created without a basis by man's industry-. Our spat in of taxation, however, has not confined it self to these two sources of wealth, but mulcts the earner in the very act of production, and that not in any fair proportion. On the contrary, the state sub tracts from the earner and the worker tenfold more than it dues from the inheritor and the mere enjoyer. These are different accounts, that require to be examined nntl compared. The present slipshod mode of raising the revenue anyhow, in ways of which the injustice is openly avowed, and only defended Is e-au...v. forsooth, statesmen declare they are unable to invent any more equitable—topersist in such a course as this is impossible. it would form too good a ground for eushicring the entire existing race of statesmen and class of political influence. We slisipair indeed of having the justice of such views admitted at once. But a grand step to it is the alvandannwnt of protection by the landed inte rest. and the demand five that interest of fiscal alleviations, which must lead to a solemn financial inquest. To that inquest although the people and the cure earns rs may not be invited, they will most assuredly work their way in, and have their say. And if they are not listened to, means may sad will be found to give potentiality to their voice. In the ensuing year, or years, the landed and the commercial interests will come to a kind of fiscal reckoning. Now, a great deal will depend upon who or what is to preside over that reckon ing. As to the whigs, and especially the present Chancellor, they are evidently so satisfied with having prostrated protection, that they would yield to the landed interest, by way of conciliating it. anything that the industrial classes could be got to consent to. If the torics become ministers, they will carry matters with a higher hand, and dip their fingers boldly into the pockets el the industrial classes. But that will be so bow faced as men to work its own remedy, erbillet the concessions of the whigs will be win dangerous, because less flagrant. The fiscal tem dencies of the whigs arc, we are sorry to say, to throw the weight of taxation on the middle class, to enlist the poor on their side by apparent and in sidious exemptions, and let the upper classes off as easily as they can, calculating that a free trade in corn is as much as can be forced from the landed aristocracy for one cycle of ten years. So that pro tection removed, we might almost drive liege-fee and WOOD is the same curriele, so much in accord would they draw. The abandonment and the funeral of Protection, therefore, although a great boon and a grand ad vancement, ought still to increase rather than pat to sleep the vigilance of liberals; fur though it secures them one solid gain, it opens the door for a host of claims and contingencies prejudicial to them. It rendersa tory ministry possible; it brings the tory and Whig aristocracy very closely together, divided only by the mere interests and traditional play of party. It renders an agreement between them on fiscal matters highly probable, this agreement being based on the principle of flinging still more of the public burdens on the middle chum Now it is quite evident from the passing of the house-tax last year, that the middle classes are not awake, and that our industrious folk are still of that simplecomposition which prompts zealous men to get under a burden, merely fur the sake of showing how they can bear it. bone BULL has a great deal of the virtue of the camel, he patiently bean the package of bur den upon burden, tax upon tax. lie, however, has also the camel's peculiarity of becoming very restive w h en overloaded, and flinging both packages nod rider into the min.. STAFF APPOINTMENTS AanotD.—The following ' *facers bare recently been appointed to the stallf:—Captaia 214th Foot, to be aide.d.c.cano to the new go. vernor of Malta, Lieut.-Colonel Reid, D.E., C. 8.; Lieut. Count ltivarula, 67th Foot. has become fort adjutant at St. Lucia. Ensign Glover, her Majesty's 31st Foot, to he aid ...de-camp to Major-General Sewell, C.D., at Madras. Captain Wellesley. T.tril Foot, has been appointed deputy as.i.tant adjutant-general in Kalfraria. Captain Folsom, 7:ted Foot, has become major of brigade in liaffraria. Lieut: j u j one j C o l e , R.E., has become commandant of Cape Town. Lieut. poplin., I ith Foot, has become one of the aides-de-camp to the ti ,veruor of Ceylon. Lieut. Wilson, 3rd West India Begin. at, is naw fort adjutant at Siirra • TUE 11 REDON ARREST4.—The Nara! and Military Gaulle of Batunlay states: Captain Kennedy and Lieu- tenant Coeks (4th Foot) are still la arre4 and untried, this being the 74th day of confinement; that is, 74-B=6B days beyowl the time prescribed by military law, Lvnil advice, we are informed, has bees taken. The promulgation of the sentences is hooey expected," TRoors FOR AveriaLts.—The react/ &rein Gaze'te states:—" We =demand that Governor Fitzroy las intimated to Earl Om the necessity for reinforcements Si troops, tree captive of whith is to be borne by the colony." The three regiments next for foreign service are die 7id (lst batialloo), 48th, and 89th, but we have nason to believe that no reinforcement will be sent, at least until the retvipt et further informatics from the missy. FRANCE. PARIS, SATIMDAT nvennto. The refusal of the French government to accord a passage through France to Kossuth, his wife, and children, is a fresh proof that the cause of liberality civilisation, and humanity has pined nothing in France by the policy of Louis Napoleon. A more servile flattery of the vindictive spite of Austria could not have been offered by Charles X. or Louis Philippe than the nephew of the French Emperor and the president of the French republic has shown by driving from the doors of France back oat into the tossing sea this noble family of exiles. The sympathies so widely stirred in this country for the leader of the bravest stand which has been made for freedom in modern times deserved a more inde pendent organ and a more generous interpreter. Safely may it be predicted that ouch is not the way to gain a majority of suffrages among a frank, kindly, hospitable, and fearless people. The French, take them as a nation, spurn a fainthearted timorous submission to the frown of foreign despots. The exen.so that the interests of order required that the ex-governor of Hungary should be sent round to England by Gibraltar is as inadmissible as pusillanimous. No greater fault can be imputed to a government than that it knows not how to keep the peace without trampling upon the feelings of a country. Even Prussia, in a time when her society was far more agitated by demagogy than France now is, allowed the officers of the surrendered garri son of Comorn, with Klapka at their head, to pass through the whole length of her dominions from Oderberg to Hamburg, and to receive on their way the congratulations of thou sands of sympathetic hearts and hands. But not only was the family of Kossuth obliged once more to embark, after having suffered intensely on their long voyage from the Dardanelles, but the newspaper of Marseilles, Le Temple, which ventured to regret this inhospitable decision of the ministry, was seized. No sooner did the illustrious exile learn the refusal of his request by Leon Faucher than he shook the French dust from his shoes, and withdrew immediately under the hospitable shelter of the American flag. Hun dreds of boats swarmed about the ship, and tens of hundreds of voices repudiated with their cordial cheers all participation in the unmanly determination of their government. If the Restoration had been guilty of on act of this kind, nobody would have been surprised, because that government depended essentially on the foreign arms which had imposed it on France. Nor would such behaviour have been extraordinary in Louis Philippe, who sought to ingratiate himself with foreign courts. But for republican France to lick the ground before Austria, to cringe to the despotic powers by visiting illustrious unfortunates with a churlish and ungracious repulse, this is what all true Frenchmen will blush to hear, and indignantly dia. avow, at least when the hour comes that a man may speak out his mind honestly without being fined or imprisoned. It was natural that the head magi strate of a free people should extend a friendly hand to one who, like himself, had been raised by the voice of an emancipated nation to the first place. But Louis Napoleon has preferred to behave like • little-minded king, instead of a great-minded president ; and to receive the thanks of the oppressors of Europe instead of the applause of his liberal countrymen. How fur has he degas,. rated on this occasion from the founder of his name, who said to the Austrian negotiators at Campo Formio, "The French republic is like the sun ; it begs no one to recoguise it." The quasi official announcement of General Changarnier's candidature to which I alluded yester day, has made a sensation. The Messayer, which has often been called the General's paper, seems to stand aghast at the news that he now intends to vote against Cretan's motion. It suggests that M. Albert de Circourt, the author of the article in the Opinion Publique, must have too lightly adopted a false rumour, or that perhaps the statement may be the result of a typographical error. It is evident, how ever, that the ilissayer writes without authority to contradict the report, although it affects to treat it as incredible. The Op:nion Pall'ique this morning, far from acknowledging any error or misprint,speaks in a verT confident tone of the General as the candidate of the legitimist party, who will rally the voices of all good Frenchmen, from the recollection of his brilliant past services, and the anticipation of the still more important ones which he may be destined to render. Is Changarnier, after all, to play the part of Monk? The Orleans Railway Company has come to an important decision. The absurd and dangerous sys tem of carrying the lumbering diligences on the railway is to be put an end to, and travellers arriving at the termini by diligence will in future come on by the ordinary railway carriages, as in England. In consequence of this change M . Revenaz , the director of the " Nlessageries Nationales," and one of the founders of the Orleans Company has retired from his seat in the direction. NDAT EVENING. The letter addressed by Kossuth, on his arrival at Marseilles. to the Prefect of the Roaches-du-Rhone is us follows : Monsieur lc Prefet,—Delivered from my banishment to Kiutahia by the generous mediation of the governments frkods of humanity, I have just arrived at Mars,illes on board the Mississippi, sent expressly to my aid by the government of the 1. nited States. I come to ask from the o government of the French Republic free passage and pro tection to crow France, having the intention to go directly to England. lam in company of my wife and of m at: re childn wham I desire to place in education en berate pining to the United States to thank the people and the government for the generous succour with w they have been so good as to honour my misfortune. My and Iris family, the tutor of my children, two offi cers t Ll ' a domestic, form my suite. I place my demand, which rests purely upon considers. tions of humanity, under the protection of French honour and of your generous sentiments, M. le Prefect, and I have the honour to assure you of my most distinguished con sideration. L. KOMH:TH. On board the steam-frigate of the United States of America, Mississippi, in the Roads of Marseilles, Sept. 27, 1851. The following is the letter of the Prefect of the Bouches-du-lthone to the consul of the United States, in answer to the application of Kossuth: Marseilles, Sept. 27, 1851. Monsieur le Consul,—l have the honour to inform you *ashy a telegraphic despatch which I have just received, the IGnister of the Interior announces that the request wade by M. Kossuth to pass through France on his way to England cannot be granted. M. Kossuth, whore passports have not been riaied for France by the Minister of the French Republic at Constan tinople, having been only allowed to land at Mar. miles in consequence of the desire expressed by him in the interest of the health of his wife and children, I must c insider him as still on board the American frigate and therefore make known. Mons. h• Consul, thruagh your mediation, the decision taken by the Minister of the Interior relative to the demand which he has begged me to present. Accept, Monsieur le Consul, the assurance of my high consideration. SCLRAV. The prefect of the Douches .du-Rhone. The following address_ by Kossuth to the people of Marseilles has been published in the Peup4 news paper of that city : TO THE DEMOCRACY OT WAISEILLES. Citisens,—The government of the French republic having refused me the perMsaion to travel through France, the people of Marseilles. obedient to the outburst of one of those generous impulses of the French heart, which are an unfa thomable source of the greatness of the nation, has honoured me by a manifestation or its republican sentiments—a mani festation honourable in its motives, manly in its resolution, peauful ia its ardour, and majestic in its calm as nature— that great image of (Lod—be fore a storm. I have heard my name mingled with the soug of the " Marscillaise" and the cry of " Vice La Republique," the only legal cry in France, the only cry whose lawfulness has been purchased in the blood of the martyrs of liberty. It is so natural to love liberty, so slight an evil to surer for her ; it is almost less than a simple duty ; but there is supreme glory in the thought that one is identified with the principle of liberty in the eyes of the French mo plc. Ido not desire glory, but that glory I accept that I may deserve it. I accept it as a testimony of the fraternity of the French natiou with the people of every country. accept it as the word of safety for the dear land or my birth. To you, Frenchmen and republicans, be the honour a,signed of saving ; to us, poor Hungarians, that of deserving to be saved ! We shall deserve it. My nation will understand the appeal of your brotherhood, will be proud or it, nod answer it bravely, as should do those who are honoured by being called brethren by the French people. These are the enly thanks worthy of the good people of Marseilles; worthy the manifest etion made, not iu my honour but in that of my nation; and for my nation, nut in that of the past, but in that of the future. Permit me net to s?eak again of the refusal of the government of the French repu'ohe to grant me a passage through its territory. I know that the French people do not countenance this act. I knew that neither M. Louis Napoleon Bonaparte nor M. Leon Faucher was the French nation. I knew and I know that the executive power is delegated, but that to Curtis is not delegated the honour of the French I nation. I shall no !eager remember their refusal; and I hope that humanity nay do sa I do, if by chance those who TIIE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 6, 1851. la check upon all improvements, and to which Girar , din so forcibly alluded the other day, when he attri i bated to the personal exertions of the President, Count d'Orsay, and M. Brett, that the wire had ever been allowed to touch the French shore." An official and apparently authentic account of the exact state of the lottery funds has been sent by M. Beyre to the Courrier de la Somme. in answer to very pressing inquiries. It appears that the amount actually received for tickets sold up to this time is 4,934,379 fr., of which, after deducting various charges, 4,161,256 fr. 15c. are actually now avail able. The statement is considered to a great extent satisfactory, asit shows that at least the larger part of the funds is acme, and confirms the asser tion of the prefect of police, that the prizes would be paid in full. M. Delamarre states, in the Patrie, that it is calculated that from 800,000 to 900,000 tickets will remain unsold, and that in all likelihood several prizes would fall to some of those tickets, but that it has been decided that the administration shall not be allowed to gain any prize, and that all lots which may be gained by any of the unsold tickets shall be drawn a second time, for the benefit of the public holders, who arc requested to preserve their tickets, although they may not win at the first drawing The President is giving a series of dinners at St. Cloud to the officers of the garrison. It is said that two generals zealously devoted to the cause of the Elysee, MM. do Goyon and de Cottc, have been summoned to Paris. Mr. Gladstone has arrived here with his family, on his way to the south of France, where it is said that he proposes to pass a part of the winter. The municipal council of Aix, in its sitting of Sept. 23, voted 20,000 f. in aid of Talabot's company, in order that that company should undertake the branch to Aix upon the terms and conditions of the law of July 1815, in case any prolongation of its lease can be obtained.' The races at Algiers, lately founded by the Minister of War, took place on September 28. A number of Arab chiefs, and as ninny as 1,500 natives on horse- back, attended. There was room for 3,000 spectators in the stands, which were well filled, and the neigh bouring hills were crowded with spectators. There were only two races in which French and native horses were pitted against each other, and in each of these the former were victorious. bate solissd ;sae, and have forgotten it, as It seems, are a( hood to By their country. Last evening one of your UMW (of our brothers), a workman of Marseilles, I tam br i = t asit abell use forget it—came, in spite of MID tials Una the Austrian frigate to shake hails win wt. else* 'book his hand, with emotion, repo .viag midly his temerity. " I wished to touch your band," ; " j mold find no boot, and I took to the water. Here I am. Are there such things as obstacles for be who has the will ? " I bowed belies these words. The love of liberty, the motion-lot of duty and fraternity, were in my breast when I came to Marseille*, but at 'Mar seilles I found the motto, "There is no obstacle fur ho who has the will." This motto shall be mine. " - ire la Republique. Salut et fraternity." Loris KOSSt2II. Marseilles-roads. on board the frigate Mississippi, of the tuited States, Sept. 29, 1941. Kossuth left Marseilles on the Ist instant for Gibraltar. It is needless to ray that the address of Kossuth to the democracy of Marseilles has been received with enthusiasm by the democrats of Paris. It is of much more importance that the inhos pitable repulse given to his reasonable request by M. Leon Faucher is condemned by the common sense of all parties. A ministerial decision about so simple a matter was never more loudly and gen& rally disavowed by the organs of public opinion. And not merely the refusal, but the man ner of it, excites universal disapprobation. The Prefect of the Bouches-du-Rhone will not condescend to communicate directly with the ex governor of Hungary, whom he seems to regard as placed in a sort of moral quarantiue, and entitled to receive letters only at the end of a pair of tongs. Ho cannot recognise liossuth's existence on slime, be cause, his passport not having been rito'd by M. do Lavalettc at Constantinople,whieli is about 100 miles from the place where Kossuth embarked on board the Mississippi, his being on shore is clean against all rules, and only in consideration of the sickness of his wife and children. The French are a kindly people; it was not an act worthy of a French minis ter to send that sick wife with her three little chil dren back again to the uncomfortable sea. Is it not an instructive contrast. A great nation at the other side of the world scuds a ship across the Atlantic to receive this glorious exile, and to do him honour and fetch him from banishment to the cheering welcome of free and civilised communities, to the solace of sympathies, and the tributes of admiration. And a mere passage over the soil of France is refused to this man, refused with insult, with cruelty; and he and his wife and children are thrust back liko in fected things into the sea. Why, this is the very ecstasy of panic, the phrenzy of terror, which takes France for a barrel of gunpowder, and Kossuth for a lighted match. Ilutigurian audiences were excited by his eloquence, but here even supposing that he had been allowed to bar rangue the people, instead of occupying a scat in the railway train, the charm of his oratory must have been lost in a foreign tongue. More dangerous was his pen, rind this is the precise peril which has been called into operation by the government. The address to the democracy of Marseilles will cross France, and penetrate into every village with the Paris papers of all colours. Even the legitimist raise copies the address. Girardin says of it : " The reverberation of this address, so nobly simple, will be immense. I ask the minister who directs compression—l ask M.L. Faucher himself—what will he have gained by preventing Kossuth from crossing France, to travel from Marseilles to London? Kos suth would have passed; his manifesto will remain. I wished to have sent you the article of the l'enple of Marseilles, protesting against the repulse of Kos suth, for which that paper is prosecuted on the charge of exciting to hatred and contempt of the government. But the confiscation of all the numbers of the Penple confided to the post has unfortunately prevented this composition from reaching me. In the meantime, a valuable testimony' of the warm sympathy of the population of Mar seilles with the Hungarian cause is furnished by the reply of the same paper to this blow of the authorities. It says :—" We have trans lated faithfully, in all the sincerity of our conscience, the popular indignation which we have seen burst forth. An exile for the cause of the liberty of peoples, a victim of Austrian absolutism, a great heart, a great name in the history of peoples, has touched the soil of France. He demanded not even hospitality, but only the right of passing through the country with his family, to save women and children sonic days more of suffering upon the sea ; and a minister of France answered, 1'.40 ! Whatever may be done or said, all our words ars dwarfed before the great stain thrown on our French honour. The democracy of Marseilles has protested by its acclamations, its crowns, and its bouquets : it was the duty of the demo cratic organ to record the protest of the people. We ac cept the necessities of our duty withoutt min). bragging as without fear, and if we are to go before a jury we will ask it with confidence to sanction by a verdict of ' acquittal the national sentiment which has guided our pen." The verdict of that jury will be eagerly expected. Not content with the repulse of Kossuth; the Pattie undertakes to vilify him. It justifies the measure of the government by attributing to the ex governor of Hungary all the vulgar qualities of a pestilent demagogue, and draws an invidious con-' trast between him and Casimir Batthyany, who has been permitted to take up his residence in Paris. The Ordre takes, with its usual adroitness, advan tag° of the impolitic acerbity et the government to I woo the popular breath by coademuing this absurd • r. same spirit which dictated the refusal to allow Kossuth and his family to cross France, prevails in every department of the administration. fhe mayor of St. Michel, M. Laugier, has been suspended by the prefect of the Basses-Alpes for directing the inter ment of a prutestant's infr.nt child in a cathotic cemetery. The terms in which the prefect justifies this harsh measure form an excellent pen dant to the official style of M. Suleau, the Prefect of Marseilles. He says: "The mayor Laugier, of St. Michel is suspended for having caused to be interred on his own authority, and in spite of the warnings given to him, in the part of the cemetery reserved to the catholic reli,gion, an infant not baptised according to the rites of this religion, which he ought to have considered as having died without baptism, and have buried as such, since the state has not recognised the protestants of St. Michel; also for not having awaited, as he was by us bidden, the decision of the government upon the legal existence of the pro testants of his commune." Thus, as the prefect of Marseilles cannot recognise the existence of Kossuth on shore, the prefect of the Basses- Alpcs canuot recognise the existence of the protestants of his department, and considers an infant baptised by a protestant clergyman as an infant not baptised at all. This is the pharisaical slang, the crabbed argot and narrow rigour of for mality which characterises the "Jacks in office" of an illiberal administration. It is unfortunate that a tone which grates so harshly on the ear of common sense and humanity should be now given all over official France by the tuning. fork of the Minister of the Interior. Mean while, although it is true that a decree of the second year of the republic enacts that " no law au thorises the refusal of sepulture in the public ceme teries to deceased citizens, whatever m a y h ave been their religious opinions or profession," this does not proveot the interment of protestant. in a place apart unconsecrated, and stigmatised by the abomi nation of desolation. The Opinion PithOpie says that Changarnier may perhaps abstain from voting on the proposition- Cr non. ITALY. ROME. Signor Galli, pro-Minister of Finance at Rome, has issued a notification, dated the 26th ult., de claring that the Loa (paper money) of the late pro visional and republican governments, representing the nominal value of 60f and of 30f. respectively, shall remain in circulation until the 15th inst., after which period they may be exchanged at the Treasury until the 25th, at the expiration of which term they shall be of im value whatever. . L , cveral images of Madonnas have been torn from their pedestals, and chapels desecrated. SARDINIA. The newspapers of Turin make mention of the Emperor's sudden departure from the camp of Som ma as of a flight. The prescribed route of return to Vienna was abandoned for the road by Ilctzendorf. The Emperor left the Somma at six on the morning of the 30th ult., and leaving behind all the carriag es of his suite arrived in four hours at Casima de' Pecehi, a distance of 43 miles. 'I his precipitate de parture by a changed route is ascribed to alarm and discouragement at his blank and cold reception by the Italians. The camp of the Somme was ordered to be broken up, the cause assigned for this new arrangement being the unfavourable weather. The l'ictlinwilese Gazette contains the following dignified reply to the insults bestowed by the official journal of Milan upon the Italian revolution: We have only a few words to utter respecting certain reflections lately published in the official journal of Milan. We are certain that the sentences in question arc opposed to the intentions and sentiments of honour which regulate public affairs in Austria. We can understand that the Austrian government should be opposed to the national outburst of Italy; but that outburst, if it has been unsuc cessful, was not without honour. Soldiers, citizens, all' took part in the generous impulse: the first • obeying their chiefs, fought yalorouslv ; the second obeyed only their own hearts, and thus faced death for • principle which the public conscience has in all ages and among all nations respected, and which will remain sacred so lung as the light of civilisation shall last. A king, in that rause, . quitted his country and his life. This king, these soldiers, I these citizens were to be fought, and even slain, but no one has the right to insult them. PIEDMONT. TT:ItIN,.Ocr. 2. The Duke of Genoa returned to Turin this morn ing • the Duchess arrived here yesterday. The Gazette publishes the text of the convention of June 30, 111,11, between the Sardinian and Spanish governments, for the reciprocal execution of civil and commercial judgments in the two countries. There is some talk of the cession to Holland of the French colony of Guiana, in exchange for the small island of St. Eustache, belonging to the Dutch, and situated in the Antilles, near Guadalonpo and Martinique. The order interdicting soldiers from entering socialist restaurants and cafes has been extended to the pupils of the musical gymnasium. The first despatch transmitted by the submarine telegraph from Dover to Calais, and printed by the machine of Mr. Brett, is as follows : " Printed by the Submarine Telegraph, for Count " D'Orsay. "M. Leon Faucher has declined, on his own re sponsibility, to grant permission for the use of 1 the submarine telegraph between Paris and Lon don. The subject is now under the consideration of the council of ministers. M. Foy, the director of te legraphs, has been sent for to give his opinion as to the scale of charges, in case the permission should be granted. That it should be refused cannot for a mo ' meat be as , amed to be within the bounds of proba i bility, but the hesitation and delay is an instance of that inveterate system of bureaucracy which is PORTUGAL. The Oriental Company's steam packet, Montrose, Captain John Bowen, arrived at Southampton yes terday. ller dates arc : Gibraltar, Sept. 26 ; Cadiz, 26th ; Lisbon, 29th ; Oporto (no communication) ; Vigo, Oct. 1. The appearance of yellow fever at Oporto appears to have caused more alarm and to have elicited more precautionary measures the,' even the cholera ; for not only . is Oporto completely shut out from all com munication by sea, bat all persons from that place are stopped on the Spanish frontier and on no ac count allowed to pass. Such has been the fate of some of the passengers, who, desirous of reaching Vigo to embark, were stopped at Valencia and obliged to retrace their steps, although the vessel did not communicate or even call off Oporto. The Spanish Consul at Lisbon gave so unsatisfactory a bill of health as to ensure the vessel being placed in quarantine at Cadiz, although the capital was de clared quite free from taint, and the authorities at Gibraltar, partly influenced by Spain, and still more by their own fears, also gave its three days' qua tine. fhe precaution taken by the authorities in London, viz., their insisting on the Oporto mail being landed at Lisbon instead of Vigo, has been apparently caused by this peremptory stoppage on the Spanish fronticrhaving been foreseen, and causing a delay of three hours in [Lisbon, by order of the British minister, to ensure the arrival of the Oporto mail from the north. All is perfectly quiet in the Peninsula. The Cuban crisis engrosses all the conversation among the Spaniards. They have the most conflicting accounts rd s Madrid, but (the Isabel la Catholica, Spanish mail steamer, now ten days over due, not having arrived), they have no authentic intelligence. 8,000 more troops are ordered out. The Arrogant sailed on the 28th for Cuba, and the orders issued by France and England to co-operate with the Spa nish forces in Cuba, appear to have given very great satisfaction. The Commodore had been cruising with short intervals since the 16th ult., and again purposes sailing on the 20th for a week's cruise with the Arethusa. The fine squadron is now, with the exception of that ship, quite dispersed, Leander hav ing gone to Gibraltar for a fortnight. It has been officially announced that, provided the steamers do not call off Oporto, the next vessels are to receive pratique throughout. Our correspondent writes:— " About two years ago the government of Count Thotnar expencnced a threatened hostility from Lopes de Lima; it was necessary to purchase his silence; he was therefore appointed to an ultrama rine commission, and Tinier and tiolor were separated from the government of Macau and erected into a government for him ; a decree has been signed by which he is exonerated from this post, and those islands are re-annexed to the government of Macau. Ile is also relieved from the appointment of royal commissioner to the ultramarine provinces, and the 100 milreis per month, for which he was borne on the Treasury, has been ordered to cease. Another allowance of 400 milreis per annum, for which he was borne on the Treasury, has also been ordered to cease; and a table allowance of 1,000 rola per day, which was granted to his wife about a year ago, has also been annulled, ;:and Lopes do Lima has been ordered home. 'thus one of the vilest jobs of Costa Cabral has been abolished, and a sum of 1,985,000 reis per annum saved to the country. " Doubts having arisen regarding some part of the electoral decree, it has been ordered that 'if any assembly shall be composed of two or more parishes not having 300 chimnies in each, and the whole not exceeding 1,000, an elector of deputies shall be elected for each parish so united whatever may be the number of chimnies in each.' That if a single parish shall contain 300 or more chimnies, not ex ceeding 1,000, forming one assembly, one elector of deputies shall be elected for every 300 chi' 111 l and if there shall he an excess of 200 chimnies up wards to 300, another elector must be elected?. " A decree has been published for establishing custom-houses in each of the islands of the Archi pelago of Cape Verde; viz., St. Thiago, do Fogo, Brava, deface, da lloa Vista, do Sal, de St. Nico lau, de St. Antao, and St. Vicente, for objects im ported and exported. Bowled warehouses will be provided to deposit all goods for consumption or re exportation, that can be admitted without danger, in the islands of St. Thiago and St. Vicente only. "The ships of thoec nations which shall be per mitted to trade in the Archipelago shall be admitted in all the islands iu the ports in which the custom houses shall be formed ; this admission into the islands, which is not now permitted, can only take place after the organisation of the establish ments, the entry of foreign vessels into every port of the islands is expressly prohibited, except in case of necessity ; or into those ports only where the regu lations permit them to enter to take cargoes of salt, semente de purgueira, or Indian corn ; and those where they have hitherto been permitted to enter for refreshments, in which, however, they are not permitted to exercise any commercial act beyond that of receiving supplies. "The subject of this decree is very important to Great Britain in two points of view. The one is, that of two ports being about to be formed as a depot for goods, from which depot they can be taken for consumption, or for re-exportation to the coast of Africa or any other part ad libitum. The second point is on account of the aemente do purguiera seeds, front which an oil is expressed more useful in the carding of wool, and for machine 7, than any other. Until now it has been imported into Lisbon at a duty almost nominal, the oil expressed and ex ported to Great Britain; while the duty upon the export of the seeds from the islands to Great Britain was 12,000 reis the moio (which is 8 bushels), and which duty was prohibitory. Now, however, the duty upon the export of the seeds from the islands to Great Britain is reduced to 6,000 reis, and that upon their export to Lisbon raised to 3,000 reis, it is evident it will be more profitable to the merchant to import the seeds into Great Britain and manufacture the oil there, which, in fact, will create a new trade between England and the Cope do Verd Islands, inasmuch as the oil in question is better calculated for burning than olive oil ; is perfectly free from smell, and gives a clear and brilliant light—for the manufacturers of the oil here cannot possibly struggle with the high duty now put upon the importation of the seeds into this country. I may add that the duty upon the export of the oil from the islands to foreign ports is 240 rcis the almudi (four gallons and a half), and to na tional ports 120 reis." Exchange, 531 ; discounts of Lisbon Bank Notes, 2 1 per cent. THE CLOSING OF TILE NEW-ROAD.—In conse quence of the confusion and danger to the public, arising from the diversion of the immense traffic of the New load, by the closing of the thoroughfare for the purpose of repaving with granite, from St. Pancras Church to King's-cross, the Metropolitan Police Commissioners on Saturday hutted placards, which were pasted at convenient places in the district, of which the following is a copy:—" Metropolitan Police O.ficc, Whitehall.—Regulations:—To prevent ob structions by carriages during the repairs of the pavement in the New-road, between St. Pancras Church and King's cross :—Route to ba observed—Carriages going westward will turn into the St. Pancras-road at King's-cross, and proceed along the St. Pancras-road to Aldenham strut, along Aldenharn-street and Grenville-street, and down Seymour-greet into the New-road. Carriages going east ward will turn into Seymour-street, and proceed no Gren rills-street, along Grenville-street and Aldenbam-street, to St. Pancras-rood, and out at King's-cross.—(Siancd) RICHARD MAYNE, Commissioner of Police of the Metro- AMERICA. (By Electric Telegraph.) (PROM OCR OWN COURISPONDENT) LIVERPOOL, Mos?AT MORNTNO. The arrival in our river a iew minutes since of the British and North American Royal Mail steam ship Niagara, Capt. Leitch, places us in possession of intelligence several days later from America than has been heretofore received in this country. The Nia gara sailed from New York direct on the 21th ult., and brings over GO passengers and 5110,000 dollars in specie. The railroad celebration at Boston had passed off with great eclat. Amongst the distinguished visitors present were Lord Elgin and President Fillmore. fen members of the Canadian legislature were also present. From Havannah the dates are to the 17th Sept. One hundred and thirty-eight American prisoners had been sent to Spain. Statements giving details of the late expeditins had been published by the five prisoners who had been liberated and returned. From Canada we learn that the several govern ment departments at Toronto had been instructed to prepare to move to Quebec. prom California, arrivals bring dates to the 15th August. Trade wag then good, and the mining as counts most favourable. LOMBARDY. MILAN, Orr. 1. The military manceuvres have been a failure. The sodden state of the ground owing to the heavy rains rendered the projected operations impracticable. The troops were much discontented, and it became necessary to order them to their quarters. Some generals lost their baggage, several soldiers were hurt, and the whole movement resembled that of a routed army. The Emperor was the more annoyed because the Prussian General de Wrangel, the ltus- Bien General Grotcueel, and many European officers, were among the spectators. GERMANY. FRANKFURT. The following semi-official article, heading the Frankfort Journal of the 4th inst., gains importance, from the journal in which it appears and the place it occupies therein. It may be taken as a hostile de claration of all thenorthern powers against the candida ture of the Prince de Joinvillo for the French presi dency. The following is the article : It is more than probable that the Prince of Joinville will present himself as a candidate for the presidency of the re public. We do not yet know the programme of the prince, but we deplore a project which will serve only to divide still further the party of ordsr, and strike a fatal blow at the monarchical principle. All the news from Paris agrees in presenting as doubtag and under a gloomy colour the struggle that is about le commence. Europe will be forced, consequently, to plass itself upon its guard, in order not to be taken unawares. We have no reason to meddle in the internal affairs et France, but we should be acting inconsiderately were went to take vigorous measures to see that these affairs donators promise sooner or later the affairs of Europe. It is trees this point of view that the northern powen look at this mattwalhey have perceived that the state of France will long sunk precarious, inasmuch as personal ambitious and the goesime of the mass are in rivalry, to leave the field open all possible chances. France will yet for years les main in this revolutionary crisis, which was set calmed down either by Napoleon or Louis-Philippe, and which could not be settled by the Bourbons, because they did not succeed in finding a legal form for re-establishing the monarchical principle on a solid basis. Thus the policy of the powers at this moment leaves en tirely aside the question of persons and political principles, being shaped only according to that of the principle of social order, of which almost all parties in France have lost sight- They thoroughly feel that the precarious situation of the country cannot be replaced in the interval of a day by the strong monarchical institutions such as exist in other parts of Europe ; but they also feel that anarchy will draw from these very sources, which have been hitherto looked upon as those of order. They feel that if Prince de Joins ills be elected President monarchy will be brought down to the level of the republic. They feel still more, too, that the prince has no great chances of being elected. In this case, monarchy would suffer one more humiliation. We repeat it ; this question is for the present set aside, but measures will be taken to prevent the monarchies of Europe from suffering damage from the experiments about to be made in France by the younger branches of the Bourbon family. AUSTRIA. The Emperor reached Schtinbrunn on the 2nd instant. SAXONY. The Kew Preussische Zeitung positively states that whilst most of the governments forming the old Zolirercin have assented to Prussia's treaty, admit ing the states of the Steu rverein, the cabinet of Dresden has not only refused its concurrence, but it has ad dressed to in brethren of the Zollverein a circular iu which it declares that it cannot assent to the treaty of the 7th of Sept., which has been concluded with out its concurrence. SPAIN. MADRID, Ocr. 1. In consideration of the recent services rendered to Cuba by General Enna, it is said that the Queen will grant a pension of 20,000 reals to his widow, together with the riband of Maria Louisa. Lord llowden has obtained a promise from tho President of the Council of Ministers of an early audience for M. Oliveira, to discuss the question of the settlement of the debt on behalf of English holders. It seems certain that Mr. Labouchere's visit is wholly unconnected with politics. Having met a i friend, also an M.P., at Pau, they agreed to visit Madrid together. Mr. Labouchero is at this mo ment at the Escurial. He has been presented to Bravo Murillo by Lord Howden, merely as a traveller of distinction. He is expected to leave in a few dayr. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. The condition of businevi generally in New York was not quite so favourable as at the last accounts, and money was decidedly- more difficult to obtain. Stocks and SITU. rities were steady. Several very large dry goods jobbing houses at New a ork had failed, and there wan a great want of confidence exhibited in business credits. The exportation of specie had not diminished. The market for Breadstuff. continued inactive, thoulh prices had undergone no depreciation. AVe,tern Canal Flour was firm at 3 dole. 87c. to 4 dots. per barrel. Gen. nerace prime Wheat, I dol. to I dol. 2e. per finlbs. Indian Corn, round yellow, 60c. to 62c. Indian Meal, 3 dela. 12jc. to 3 slols. 2.k. per barrel. The Cotton market at New York was quiet, and business only to a moderate extent had been done. l'rices wore however steady. New Orleans and Mobile, mid. fair to fair, Ile. to 114 c. per lb. Uplands and Florida, mid. fair to fair, 101 e. to 101 e. Provisions were in moderate demand at former prices. Freights inactive at declining prices. Exchange on London, 110: to 1101 ; Paris, 5.12; Ham burg, 361 to 361 ; Bremen, 78 to 7sl. BRAZIL. The clipper ship Sword Fish, Captain Green, ar rived in the Alersey at a late hour last evening, with advises from I'ernambuco to the 6th of Sep tember, 16 days later than those last received. Business continued extremely dull in all branches at Pernambuco. Sales arc with difficulty effected, and the recovery of money an arduous task. The busi ness in sugar was to a small extent, sales being re stricted for want of Qupplies. Cotton.—Receipts since Ist July, 1,975 bags; the want of demand has minced our sales to 4 mix 900 milreis to 5 reis 1(X) milrcis per arrube; the last sales of hides here, at 110 milreis per lb. for dry. Sales are : 1 rei 600 mike's to 1 rci 900 milreis each for half-tanned. Freights nominal; exchange firm, at 2s'. The - Royal Mail steam-ship Tuy arrived at Per nambuco, from Southampton, Olt the Ist of Septem ber, at half-past 9 a.m., and sailed for Bahia at 5 p.m. same day. The Mina, from Christiansand, and the Edith, from Havre, have also arrived at Per nambuco. AUSTRALIA. The following, from the Sydney Empire of tho 31st of May, is the latest frum the Australian gold diggings : The following letter, from the nearest township to the mines, addressed to ourselves, was ',mired by this morn ing's mail, bearing date three days ago : " Manchester-house, Orange, May 28, 18.51. Sir,—Let me beg of you not to drive the whole colony mad about the price of flour at the gold wines. Price at mines this morning, 4Gs. per cwt. ; and fresh mutton is sold retail at Sil. per Pi., and beef' d. We also have plenty of tea, sugar, and tobacco, at a little advance on the usual prices. Can you tell me where the Bathurst gold mines arc? The mines now open are only twelve miles from Orange, and would be more properly called the Orange mines. Tho only way that drays can travel in safety is through the township of Orange. 'With regard to the diggers, some persons are fortunate, but the greator part are not so. Many perrons are leaving, not Icing able to get as much as will pay for their rations. Very few shepherds src leaving their masters at present ; all is going on pe:arably at the mines, and we base not heard even a rumour of a roblevy since thu mining cenuna c used. " I am, Sir, your .arrant, °JOU:: WooowAnn. hear the mail will run to Wellingtou three times • week." _ A letter from a respectable stockholder within eight miles of the diggings, dated 27th inst., received by a mer chant at Sydney, states I have not been at the gold diggings myself, being busy at plough, Om., but 1 frequently received intelligence from the scene of action. Gold con tinues to be got, and those who workgproperly arc generally doing pretty well. If we can preserve the sheep I don't much fear; but I confess I have my doubts th.tt the govern ment will be too lax. A few days will disclose their plans." Another sheep-holder in the same locality writes to the Wile gentleman, under date May 20th. "1 do not know what to think of the gold diggings; I am persuaded that the general earnings do not exceed 31. per week. Those who came to the diggings without money or food, thinking to make their fortunes, arc leaving with long laces. I saw several of your Sydney folks yesterday on their way back, looking for work as they went. Some hove dune well, but some have not earned their rations. One man picked up 4201. worth in a few minutes, in small lumps, but I fear he has gone mad." The state of things described in these letters is certainly not very cheering to those parties who are forsaking re spectable callings in Sydney, to try their fortunes at tho mines, and wo are bound to state that the several letters which we have seen this morning all agree, more or less, in these accounts. _ Captain Ilindson received a letter this morning from Bathurst, dated 29th inst., stating that Mr. Piper had, a day or two previously, dug up a piece of gold one pound weight. That gentleman hos another letter stating that the gold brought into Bathurst averages about 11. per man per day. A letter from Mr. C. C. Forbes, of Bathurst, dated May 29, states that he had been at the mines a week, and had in that time got about 2 ounces of gold. Ile saw one man dig out 13 ounces at once, and mote than a hundred who did not earn over Ss. per day. A letter received by us this morning, from a gentleman at Scone, says : " Ali classes here are wild with the gold mania ; Sour is not to be got for love or money; Mockmasttn expecting ruin." LATEST FOREIGN EXCHANGES. PARIS BOURSE. For 11 -- Money. :Opening tUebM 1 Lowest PAHL% Oar. 4. Ps Account. $ psi Qeea 1 I 5 11 2 0 141 20 55 90 3pa COWL ..... „. 92 29 1 92 13 Id 90 1 per Onto. I . ... 1 do. New Lose „ ... ... ..: ... 3 per Cents. III. ... ... Malang* on Landon :at .. . 25 ; 90 days. 25 74. Wean, 5, 1910 lO2l Money. 1 „ L oco Rental Do. 5, 1552 — ... Roman LOGO, 1651 .. 74 I ~. 2 Do. Treasury Roods 54 ... lisdistoot 333 o. Cents. 79 70 Bank ,'hares MADRID, SEPT. 30. Three per Cents., 354; after Bolan, 33 13-16. Four per Cents., ; after Bolsa, —. Five per Cents., 184 ; after Bolsa, 161-16. Coupons, 8 ; a ft er Bols a, 8. Passives, 6 3.16 ; after Bohm, 6 3-16 to 4. Bank of St. Ferdinand, 99 cash. Exchange on London, 31. SS IS II • wii;t, 25 Closing. 35 90 91 96 (By Elec'rle Telegraph.) VIENNA, OCT. 4.—Five per Cents., 92k; Exchange on London, 11.59; on Paris, 143. BERLIN, OCT. 4.—Voluntary Loan, 1031. Na- tional Debt, 88,1. Exchange on Londt.n, 6.211 ; on Hamburg, 150.1; on St. Petersburg, 1031. HAMBURG, OCT. 4.—Three per Cents. Interior, 331 ; Russian Four-and-a-Half per Cents., —. BRUSSELS, OCT. 4.—Belgian Five per Cents., 994. Ditto Four-and-a-Half percents., 914. Ditto, Two and-a-Half per Cents., 501. Exchange on London, 23.27}. ANTWERP, OCT. 4.—Five per Cent. 3letalliques, 77. Five per Cent. Ardoins, 14 5-16. Three per Cent. Inland, 351. Russian Four-and-a-Half per Cents., —. Exchange on London, 23.27 i. FRANKFORT, OCT. 3.—Five per Cent. Metal liques, 794. Three per Cent. Interior, —. Exchange on London, 119; on Vienna, 100. AMSTERDAM, Ocr. 3.—Five per Cent. Metal. liques, 74. Five per Cent. Ardoins, 14 9-16. Three per Cents. Interior, 35 7-16. Russian Four-and-a- Half per Cents., 99 13-16. Two-and-a-Half per Cent. Integrals, 58. Exchange on London, 11.95. Mr. Bawds , to brim Coosidel In a fey - - patriots tree COU lustre . ' noble 1. Stuart,' (loud c Trout, raittec notice patriot there t Mr. politic sympat and tin Mr. tereste, of the freed k with hi Mr. out of this Tut room. relipect Lord 1 the oei took ir ---- Mr. quest' one rot foram (CricA sped. t cuter i object tical at direct M r. „ . Georg.. who, II rclatio , rII amidst An night paw b, suth it and re object self a dada largo sYmPo aaltat visit 1 they v to the his o. was it ocea.i be di. durn other , Mr. L for tit ei Gnu and point at Su in ea subs( A. 4 in In tion 1 their strug TL suth, Buth CI Bath debit. our Vity. remit kted salsa ands atom 01117E1 near rity, olive