The Express. — London, England, 1853-09-13 00:00:00

gut ervreors. TO CORRESPONDENTS. A enc.m.l ieinn Of "Tbe Etprest..•olltaiell the .•haf ttP," poblebed every Teseday sad ndsy niebt, in tu4e Ix pwt. Ai.. rv.rove.a Intended lee- The Esprome." Loudon Feenin paper, laud be et the 'Mks. li e Denverebeeseet. by Two o'clock es the day ol pubacethei. RION WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tun Mt—S6 ruing. lei. S AVrib,,,o. tub. Shim. 7,..isvi.row—lioraing, I lb. Afters." &b. S.. LONDON; TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 13. A ser.ics of resolutions have been submitted to the Board of Guardians at Ne //castle, assembled to devil° means for arresting the progress of Cholera in that town. Some of these resolutions indicate a state of sanitary police rendering it wonderful, not that Newcastle is visited by such an epidemic vow, but that it has so long been spared. 'H this fund are the following:— "That the police be requested (!) to stop tho preva lent practice of throwing night soil out of the win dows;' " that tho scavengcring of the narrow lanes, &c., be dono in the morning, and not, as at present, in the middle of the day." While reading these confes sions of the filthy habits which prevail in Newcastle. one is almost tempted to imagine they have got hold of extracts from the description of Edinburgh prac tices in the first half of lust century in SMOLLETT'S " Humphrey Clinker." Some people seem to be nnteachable. In former vi►itations of Cholera it was ascertained beyond a doubt that the disease, if not confined to low, filthy, ill-drained districts, commenced in such, rioted in them in its greatest virulence, entrenched itself in them as in citadels, whence it again and again issued forth to decimate even more trimly kept and savoury regions. When the disease began to abate, and for • short time after it was over, an impres sion remained on men's minds, and there was great talk of reforms in sanitary po lice. Hut years have rolled on; the impres sion has waxed faint; indolence and the pressure of other pursuits have diverted attention from the theme. The growth of quackery and jobbing has also rendered many incredulous and lukewarm; and, as we see at Newcastle, Cholera has come back, and finds the same hotbeds of fifth to force it into rapid growth, and gigantic stature, that it found before. Cholera has returned. It is true that the symptoms of the disease at Ne wcastle, as far as can be judged from the vague and fragmentary accounts yet published, seem to vary in some respects from those of the typical Asiatic Cholera; but this is of little import ance. Tho epidemic is obviously of a virulent type. The disease has, in•several cases, carried off its victims in the course of a few hours, and is extending its ravages. The very circumstance of the variation of the symptoms from those which have been ob served elsewhere and on former occasions, would al most seem to strengthen the opinion that it is no foreign contagion imported from other countries, but a spontaneous growth of lethal disease, elicited by similar atmospheric conditions from similar accumu lations of filth, with human beings wallowing in them. It is not our intention to excite or encourage weak or unmanly fears. The plague can be arrested if judiciously and courageously grappled with. But it might also have been avoided altogether, had the small beginnings in the amelioration of sanitary police, made while the ravages of a Cholera visitation were yet recent and vivid in men', minds, been earnestly, perseveringly, and systematically carried on till the present moment. The folly of the masses, who have taken no care for these things, and the criminal indolence and apathy of the more intelli gent, who ought to have roused and guided the exertions of these inert masses, are solely and entirely to blame for the pestilence which has begun its "Devil's walk" through Great Britain. Begun its walk ; for what has come over Newcastle will undoubtedly come over all cur aggregations 1 1 of houses and human beings which hare been simi larly negligent of sanitary reform. Already we bear of Cholera eases at Liverpool. Glasgow—whose once pure and brimming Clyde appears now, from debates in the Town Council, almost as bad as the Thames—will be next on the list. And here in the metropolis we may look for the advent of this un welcome guest with railway speed. Cases of diar rhcea or dysentery—more or less violent—have of late been frequent, and our numerous Cholera breeding grounds will soon foster them into the full stature of • Cholera at the least u malignant as that at Newcastle. A remark has been made by medical men, whose attention has been specially directed on this subject, that it would be easy beftrehand to make a map of London, showing the districts where Cholera will first appear and ravage most malignantly. Nay, it is alleged that the surgeons of our hospitals can predict with certainty the districts in their vicinity from which patients will first and most frequently be brought to them, and almost the per centage of cases to the population, aad of fatal cases to the whole that will occur in those regions. And yet, in despite of such warning vaticinationr, the zeal in behalf of sanitary reform has in the metropolis been year after year growing more languid and weak, until it has almost entirely fallen asleep. It may be questioned whether London ii now one whit better prepared to meet an inroad of Cholera than it was on the occasion of the last visitation. Of the numerous low-lying, undrained, uncleansed, unventilated ganglions of noisome and squalid lanes and courts, it is needless to speak. Any ono who will but visit the narrow passages around Clare-market, or any similar vicinity, may already see the dim phantom of Cholera advancing through the murky air. But the lamentable and criminal state of metropolitan unpreparedness to avert or neutralise such a visitation is not con fined to these resorts of poverty. Even in the most splendid, the most seemingly airy and cleanly of our aristocratiedistricts, the effluvia from the sewer traps. when they are left open, are almost enough to poison a passer-by. The fact that Cholera is busy at Newcaa. tle is cause not for unmanly and unmanning panic, but for prompt and intelligent action. It is scarcely possible that the epidemic which has broken out with such virulence in that town ehould not reach London. Let every man in office, and every man within his private sphere, as means and op portunities present themselves, be up and doing, to put the million-peopled city in as good a condition as possible to abide the coming blow. The labour cannot be lost, even though Cholera should pass us by on the present occasion. The amenity and healthiness of the city will be permanently increased by every rational effort that is made. Let the good work of cleansing be begun forthwith, and persevered in ; let a sharp eye be kept on provision markets and shops, not more to stop the vending of unwholesome food than to prevent the accumulation of materials that taints the atmosphere; let the condition of sowers, cess- pools, waterpipee and cisterns be examined with zealous care, and all possible means be taken for guarding against the threatened pestilence. Mn. WILLIAM CIIAMBERB.—We understand that Mr. W. Chambers is about to proceed to North America, for the purpose of writing a descriptive tour through the Coited States and Canada, sad collEcting ateurate informa ti th on respecting the condition and prospects of emigrants i n is, muds% TILE HARVEST. TO Till IDITOIL 01 Till Limnos. Sin,—Slowly and doubtfully the harvest gets on. A 1 tine day and two wet once, or three dry days followed by two of drenching rain, harebeen the alternatives by which the patience and pock ets of the British farmer have been tried during the present season ; sad though during the last few days the weather has somewhat improved, the season has become late, and the dews and fogs, which now too often prevail, greatly retard all harvest work. Tho results with which the public will be most eoncerned seem to be shortly these; the wheat crop is a rhort one, both from the deficient breadth sown on the heavy soils, in consequence of the wet autumn and winter, and from thinness of plant, where, in spite of wet weather, or lateness of season, wheat was actually sown ; but the quality of the new wheat generally exceeds anticipation, and the yield in proportion to the straw will certainly prove large. Yet, taking all favourable circumstances into consideration, our home growth must be under an average one, and large importations will be required. The quiet state of the corn market last week, the moment the foreign demand for wheat ceased, must satisfy every one that supplies will be forthcoming to satisfy our wants at prices which will not materially interfere with the comforts of our now prosperous population. Thanks to Free Trade, our markets are now regu larly supplied with corn at the natural prices of the day, and with the commercial resources of this coun try those prices will never be extravagantly high. The barley crop, which this year is of unusually high value, has yet for the most part to be harvested. Some of it is late in ripening; a good deal has been beaten down by violent rains, and the clover and grass, sown with the barley, have grown through the straw ' injured the quality of the grain, perhaps; whilst the abundance of clover caused by so much wet everywhere renders it necessary to keep the barley for a long time in the fields. So much barley was sown last spring on land intended for wheat, but remaining unsown from the wet weather, and the barley crops having generally proved good, that it is truly said the money value of this grain will be greater than was ever before obtained in this country from a year's growth of barley. To farmers, the next fortnight must prove an anxious period. _ _ Oats and beans are likewise very backward, and though on reasonably well-managed land the crops are good, they are not so generally abundant as barley. Horse keepers will find that their hay and corn bills range somewhat larger than they have been accustomed to pay of late years. Good hay, too, must be scarce, for the haymaking season was most precarious, though inferior hay and aftergrass are sufficiently abundant. The prices for live stock are as high as ever, and meat is unusually dear ;—and all this notwithstanding large importations of live animals, by which the political leaders of the farmers formerly told their fol lowers the British grazier was to be entirely rained. In the seven months ending on the sth of August of last year the numberof oxen imported wa512,722; this year, during the corresponding period, the number has increased to 17,8.35. For seven months of 1852 the importations of sheep amounted to 62,528 ; in 1853 they have increased to 85,079. Yet, despite this " foreign competition," the British grazier is this year about as prosperous a gentleman as is to be found in her MAJESTY'S dominions. Aye, and his prosperity is likely to be permanent; for, notwith standing the high rates at which he deals out his beef, mutton, and pork, the public are not only able to pay the price, but demand larger and larger supplies. The same Board of Trade tables show that vastly in creased importations of wheat and flour have not pre vented the British farmer from obtaining prices for his grain which are confessedly " remucerative ;" and there is no doubt that farmers who have complete command of their business, holding over a fair proportion of old wheat, and keeping or feeding a proper quantity of live stock, have this year made very satisfactory profits. Of course oc cupiers whose means only enable them to get on upon the hand-to-mouth system, suffer greatly from the wretched season, but tho substantial capitalist farmers are better off now than they have bees—as a body—since 1815, when the attempt was made to bolster up prices by Protection. And though all reasonable persons admit these facts, which are patent as daylight, there are vague mutterings heard from tithe to time amongst the discomfited Protectionists, to the prejudice of Free Trade; _ because, forsooth, open ports have not prevented the occurrence of a rainy season and a consequent advance of prices. Such nonsense finds vent in the Protectionist press, and even the quondam adherents of the restrictive system cannot abstain altogether from their old fallacies. Thus, at the East Suffolk Agricultural Association, though Lord STRADDROKR, the President, admitted that the agriculturists had " weathered the storm," that " an increase of wages of all engaged in laborious pur suits," had taken place, and that " the humbler damn are in the enjoyment of luxuries previously unknown to then," Sir FITZROY KELLY expatiated on the "severe trials" farmers had been subjected to, and intimated that the farming interest had only " partially risen " from the " depression " occa sioned by the change from Protection to Free Trade. He then proceeded to give the Protectionist version of " the causes which have led to this appear ance of prosperity." First, the influx of gold, next emigration, and lastly their own exertions, " had partially relieved the agricultural depression." And even when afterwards inculcating self-reliance, and urging the farmers to , diminish as far as possible the cost of production, he could not forbear to designate as " unfortunate legislation " the abrogation of that system which experience has now proved to have rendered self-reliance possible amongst tenant far mers, and greatly enhanced the cost of agricultural produce. To what contradictions and absurdities are such politicians as Sir FITzROY KELLY driven. Fortunately, however, for farmers and farm labourers, they have escaped from the protective system, and the erroneous legislation of their self styled friends. The prosperity now enjoyed by the labouring classes was the theme of all the speakers at the East Suffolk meeting, and a very significant illus tration incidentally occurred of the greater advan tages these classes enjoy under the laws of sound political economy, than under the dominion of land lords' law. We all recollect the lamentable accounts of deficient cottage accommodation in the rural districts, and all who have any intimate acquaint ance with these districts are aware that the land lords, and the landlords only, are answerable for such deficiencies. Now, however, the landowners are beginning to suspect that the "surplus labour' they once dreaded is a myth, and that the emigra tion of labourers is likely to go too fa: for the inte rests of rent receivers. They therefore talk of making the labourer's home more attractive. He is no longer to be hunted out of close parishes lest he should possibly fall on the poor's-rate. He is now to have a dwelling near his work, even if his pre sence should disturb the hares or invade the solitude of the landlord's pheasants. Lord STRADBROKE told the landowners of East Suffolk "the time had now arrived when it would be prudent to put a check on this emigration. In his opinion, the only feasible way to effect this would be by im proving the habitations of the poor, and by erecting them in the vicinity of those places where their THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 13, 1853. labour wu required." True, moat true ; but when did this light break in upon the landlord mind? Is it not the consequence of a free and advancing com merce ? Can the legislation be called " unfortunate" which, amongst many other benefits, has wrought such a happy change? These are the hopeful indi cations which agricultural meetings now present, in the place of the whinings and fallacies formerly heard on similar occasions. A MIDLAND COUNTIES FARMER. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. Now that speculation as to the character of the message expected from St. Petersburg is exhausted, the interest of the Eastern question turns mainly upon the course likely to be adopted by France, bugland, and Austria,supposing that the Czar should reject the note in its new form as modified at Con stantinople. It is the unanimous opinion of dispas sionate observers that the question would not in that case be abandoned by the three powers to the princi pals in the quarrel ; and there is little reason to doubt that the influence of the governments would be exerted to induce the Porte to forego its objections to the note as it was approved in the Vienna Conference, and conditionally admitted by the Czar. It is re ported from Vienna that the Austrian Emperer,with a vie" to overcoming the Sultan's reluctance, has offered to guarantee the evacuation of the principali ties upon the acceptance of the note, and toudge by the language of the Constitutionnel and t he Pays, the French government with the same object is ready to give a moral guarantee that Russia shall not be permitted to take an improper advantage of the concessions made by the Porte, and a declaration calculated to do away with the impression that the toleration shown to the Christians is due to the inter ference of Runk, and not to the magnanimity of the Porte. Should these persuasions fail, then says the Pays lc such a ease Europe is bound to watch events and wait, not to abandon Turkey to the fatal destiny to which she seems to urge herself, but to intervene only when the eau* of European law shall again be exposed to danger. Let it be well understood the western nations will rot allow Russia to wise Constantinople, or to conquer any portion of the Ottoman territory, or impose on the Sultan condi tions incompatibla with his sovereignty. But if Europe has perfectly resolved to maintain throughout the integrity of the Ottoman empire, Europe will nut for all that rashly throw herself into quarrels of words and phrases, nor cn. gage itself without a motive in pretensions which have no grounds and no object ; Europe will not betray any of the interests it ought to protect, and it is that it may the better serve them that it will know how to cause its will and its supreme decision to be respected in the interest of the peace of the world. Such is the language of a French governmental paper. Letters from Constantinople of the 29th ult. state that troops were still departing for Varna, and that the Porte was continuing its preparations for defence with unabated energy. The Wanderer, of Vienna, states from Jassy, 30th ult.:—" We have just been informed that the French and English consuls have left. A kind of panic has taken possession of people's minds. It is said that General Leder is approaching Moldavia with a corps d'arm6e. The cholera is making ravages in Bes sarabia." FRANCE. PARIS, MONDLY EVENING. The assertion of the Moniteur, in contradiction of current reports, that government was not "about" to purchase corn in the markets of Europe, having been met by the statement that large purchases had "already" been made, the Moniteur of to-day contains the following explanation :—" Some foreign journals again speak of purchases of corn made on account of the French government. The contracts entered, into in England about six weeks ago, for 419,000 hectolitres, for the annual supply of the army and navy, are the only facts of this nature which could give a pretext for such an allegation. With thel exception of this purchase made abroad, in order not to influence the markets of the interior, the go vernment has not and never had the idea of inter vening either directly or indirectly in any operation relative to grain. It has already declared, and de clams again, in the most formal manner, that any contrary supposition is absolutely false. It has full confidence in the efficacious activity of commerce, and only intends to exercise its action to facilitate opera tions by general measures." The following lines from the commercial bulletin of the Conatituttonnel indicate the true tendency of the corn market : Paris, Saturday, Sept. IL—Flour: The day passed with little business doing. Advices from Chartres and Milan announce a rise of from 21r. to 3fr. in wheat. The markets are not well supplied and prices have risen to nearly the quotation from which they fell on Saturday last. This evening some of the brokers were enquiring for flour. Wheat : There is no peat activity in business ; prices, however, are firmly maintained. There are very few sellers. _ _ The Echo Agrieole says: The wheat crop in France presents a very considerable deficit. It is in vain that some journals of Paris and of the departments, either from a want of proper information, or from a foolish desire to conceal and attenuate a sad truth, have declared that the crop will be at least equal to that of as average year ; the fact is that it is notably inferior. The most exact reports each day confirm the apprehensions of the first moment, and the prudent acts by which the govern ment has endeavoured to facilitate the entrance and circu lation of foreign grain, are the most powerful confirmation of the bad state of the wheat crops of 1858. About a fortnight since the Patrie affirmed that the harvest was above an average, the prefects made formal reports to the Councils-General to the same effect, and these wilfully false assertions were actually telegraphed to London as facts. I assured you at the time that all trustworthy agricultural reports concurred in stating that there was really a serious deficiency. I believe the government is by this time aware how worse than idle it was to at tempt to conceal the truth. The events of the last few days must have taught them, if they did not know it before, that any fall in the price of provisions produced otherwise than by an increase in the quantity offered for consumption, I can only have the effect of repelling supplies. Dam nese is the natural remedy of scarcity. It acts in two ways ; first by attracting provisions from countries where they are cheaper, thus augmenting the supply, and next by constraining individuals to be frugal, thus diminishing consumption. Commerce has not yet recovered from the shock it sustained by the im =ion that government was about to interfere on a scale with the natural laws of supply and de mand. The note in the Moniteur of a few days back had at once, however, a beneficial effect. On the very day when that note was known at Mar seilles, business in grain, which had been paralysed, showed a tendency to resume its normal condition. But in every market, so soon as the activity artificially checked recommenced, prices have shown a tendency to rise. A circular has been sent to all the depart mental authorities declaring that a measure adopted at Paris is exclusively intended for Paris, and does not apply beyond the walls of the capital, and that everywhere else the price of bread is to depend on the quotations of flour, with such exceptions as may be made by municipal bodies having sufficient funds to come to the aid of necessitous families. In Paris itself it is not thought the government can venture to risk exciting the dissatisfaction of the population by allowing a rise in bread to take place. Within three days the tariff must be declared again, and there is little doubt that the present artificial prices will be maintained. The question must now speedily be settled, in what way are the bakers to be indemnified for their losses. The fairest thing t3wards them would be to make them& money compensation. But this would be by no means easy to do upon any equitable system. When tickets were issued to the poor entitling them to have bread at an under value, while the rich paid the natural price, the compensation to the baker was awarded exactly without difficulty. Every baker brought weekly to the mairie the tickets against which he had delivered privileged loaves, and received the dif ference. But now, when rich and poor pay alike, the loss sustained by each baker can only be ascertained by an inquiry into his daily baking. It is quite clear that if the bakers are to wait until flour falls sufficiently low to enable them to make up their losses by continuing to sell at sOc., many of them will be ruined and compelled to close their shops in the interim. It has been suggested that the city will make advances by way of loan to the most needy bakers. This plan would certainly enable them to go on, but the complications likely to arise from a long continuance of an artificial system, are formidable to contemplate. When the price of bread is higher outside the walls of Paris than within; the inhabitants of the banlien will naturally come into the city to make their purchases. When at a future time bread shall be forcibly maintained at a . higher rate in Paris than elsewhere, the Parisians will go outside the walls to buy, and the baker will sell less than when he was forced to sell at a loss, and consequently will not be compensated by the difference in price. The subject greatly perplexes the municipality and causes immense anxiety in the trade. Urn the whole the bakers are of opinion that the simplest, fairest, and most economical plan would be to return to the system of issuing tickets to the necessitous, leaving those who can afford it to pay according to the regulating scale. All the ministers proceeded yesterday to the palace of St. Cloud, where a council was held, presided over by the Emperor. The Minister of the Interior ar nved from Dieppe in the morning by a special train, and M. Baroche, President of the Council of State, having the rank of minister, arrived by the Rouen train at eight o'clock. A special train took back M. de Persigny at tive o'clock to Dieppe, where he is to remain some days. A decree, dated St. Cloud, the 11th, confides the administration of the Ministry of the Interior, during the absence of M. do Persigny, to M. Abbatucci, Minister of Justice. HOLLAND. THE HAGUE, Sari. 10. Today M. Van Reenen arrived at the Legislative Palace, in one of the court carriages, and with an escort of dragoons, to close the session. He read the following speech: Gentlemen,—The King has commanded me to present myself among you and close the session of the States-Gene ral. The session which now terminates will occupy an in teresting page in tb• history of our country. You, gentle men, have sustained the government in its efforts to censo lidate order and tranquillity. The confidence with which the King asked your co-operation has not been deceived. You have examined and discussed the bill presented by the government with that seriousness, moderation, and serenity which was to be expected from the representatives of the people of Holland. The fruits of this common accord will not be declared, and the law which it has been your last act in this session to accept, being comprehended in its true signification, and executed in a liberal spirit, will, we hope, tend to promote that union in the state without which we can expect neither a better future, nor national prosperity. ITALY. PIEDMONT. The Turin correspondent of the Berlin high tory gazette, the Kreu: Zeitung, thus writes: "After what has lately happened [at Smyrna] I think I ought not to omit informing you that the American commodore appears to command a regular " Medi terranean fleet from the haven of Spezzia. We ob serve a perpetual coming and going of American ship: to and from Alexandria, Tangier, La Spezzia, and other Mediterranean ports, and orn all aides I hear that the star-spangled binner of the United States of North America was never so frequently seen in this sea as it now is. The democrats of the new world have evidently something in contempla tion, u they are not the people to send all these ships here for nought. The language of the Americans themselves confirms this opinion. A young officer of the United States navy said the other day, when the conversation turned upon General Washington and his non-intervention doctrine, ' I calculate that the general would talk rather different if he were now alive ; he'd be no idle Whig but an out and out demo crat.' The heartiness with which the Americans are received here greatly displeases the Austrian minis ter, who, it is said, thinks seriously of taking his departure." ROMAN STATES. Oar Roman correspondent, writing on the 4th of September, informs us that the principal conspirator still at large, Signor Lepri, was captured on the 2nd instant. Catenacci, the chief informant, has been liberated. He mentions also the discovery of a batch of correspondence brought by a Genoese sailor, and seizure of a lithographic press. The remaining paper money has been withdrawn. Count Tampieri, gonfaloniere of Faenza, has died of the wounds which he received in the bread riots. At Terni, the governor has been killed by the mob, infuriated by the increasing dearth of bread. Two companies of infantry have been marched upon Term. GERMANY. VIENNA, Sims. 10. We are without intelligence of the Czar's resolu tion upon the modications. The St. Petersburg Courier brings only the Czar's felicitations to the Austrian Emperor on his betrothal to the Bavarian Princess Elizabeth. BRAZILS. By the Columbus, Captain Goble, which arrived in the Mersey on Saturday night, we have received ad vice. from Pernambuco to the 3rd ult. ; Rio Janeiro to the 26th July ; and Bahia to the 30th July. The Royal Mail steamer Great Western, with the July mails, arrived at Pernambuco in twenty-three days from Southampton. Freights were exceedingly dull, there being only a trifling quantity of sugar on sale in the port, for which prices were nominal. Cot ton was quoted 6,200 reis to 6,500 reis per arroba. Exchange at Pernambuco, 28d. to 280. From Rio our advices continue to report unfavour ably of the yield of the new crop of coffee, though the stock. of old in the country were estimated to be above the average extent. Under the circumstances of a diminished yield, combined with more favour able advices from this side, prices had still further advanced. It was contemplated by the government to bring into existence a new bank, to be amalga mated with the two others already in existence, under the style and title of a National Bank. Exchange at 28d. _ _ From Bahia the news is not of much interest or importance. The fever was rapidly subsiding, and very few cues existed among the shipping in the bay. Freights were 675. 6d. to 60s. Exchange, 28;d. TUE DEATH BY DROWNING AT MARGATE.—The name of the young gentleman who in the course of last week was drowned whilst bathing at Margate was William Joseph Greenland. It appeared from the evideace at the inquest, which was held on the 9th, that the deceased, with hie two younger brothers, went to the bay beyond Newgate Battery, towards the North Foreland, to bathe without a machine. One of deceased's brothers, in consequence of the under current, was carried out of his depth; and, being unable to swim, called for assistance, which the deceased immediately attempted to render him. but was himself car ried out by the current, whiLit his brother was thrown on the rocks and escaped. As soon as it was observed that the deceased was in danger, Mr. Anderson, who was bathing near, swam to him, and endeavoured to rescue him, but be coming exhausted was compelled to save himself, when • gentleman named Addis, of Cliff-terrace, succeeded in reach ing him, and supported him for some time, until deceased grasped him round his arms, when he was compelled to ex tricate himself or be drowned. lie got away, but returned and supported deceased by the hair of his head until he found hams( If sinking, when he was compelled to leave him, and he was drowned shortly after. The place where deceased was drowned is some considerable distance from the usual bathing place, and is rendered very dangerous by the under-current when the wind is (as it was that morn ing) from the north-east, with a very heavy sea running. The body was washed ashore about an hour afterwards, and conveyed by the coast guard to the Clifton Baths, where every means was used by Dr. Price to restore animation, but without effect. The jury returned a verdict of " Acci dentally drowned whilst bathing," and expressed their great satisfaction at the conduct of Mr. Anderson and Mr. Addis, which was cordially joined in by the coroner, G. T. Thomp- Bart. rtm PERANCE LEAGUE DEMONSTEATION.—ThO London Temperance Leanne held its third annual gathering yesterday, at the Surrey Zoological Gardens. A very large number of persons were assembled, and the children of the " Band of Hope" marched to the gardens, headed by a military band, and under the leadership of Mr. J. B. Gough, a popular temperance lecturer, from the United States. Ua airising at the gardens a large, but select band of tee total choristers sung a " Song of Welcome"—after which th. to was a brief address from Mr. Cough. The company then dispersed to amuse themselves with the usual recrea tions of the gardens, but collected again at four o'clock, when the " Bands of Hope" sang some airs, and a few boy and girl musicians and singers displayed some very precocious acquirements, both in vocal and in strumental music. Mr. Gough then delivered a very long and animated address, embracing all the topics and argu ments connected with total abstinence. The ordinary at tractions of the concert, fireworks, and storming of Chusan, were then enjoyed heartily by a very crowded, but as re spectable and well ordered an assemblage, as could be met with anywhere. Zbe court. BALMORAL, SEPT 11. The woods of Abergeldie were driven yesterday for deer. Her Majesty and the Princess Royal were present. The Duchess of Kent, Count Alexander Mensdorff, and Lady Augusta Bruce, joined the royal dinner party yes terday. Despatches were received received yesterday at the Colo nial-office from the Governor-General of Canada, the Governors of the other North American Provinces, the Governors of Malta and Gibraltar, and the Lord High Commissioner of the lonian Islands. LORD ABERDEEN. TO THE EDITOR OF THE EXPRESS! SlB,—Our newspapers here aver that the Premier is kept in London, after the time he had fixed for appear ing among us, by the exigencies of the Eastern question. Never believe it. The truth is he is afraid to face the host of " Scotch cousins" who will invade Haddo House on his arrival, calling upon him to do (what Blackwood calls) "subset:Mao:justice to Scotland "—that is, to themselves. Aberdeen. DUNCAN DONOGHUE. THE QUEEN'S STEAM YACHT. It would seem that her Majesty is at last disgusted with the sorry cut and pace of her sea-going steam yacht, and has been so observant of the difference in character and performances of the screw two and three-decker fieg ships of her Channel fleet, Duke of Wellington and Agamemnon, that she is resolved on having the Victoria and Albert lengthened 65 feet, with the view of increasing her speed by new engines of 600 horse power, those she now has in being only 450. If this information is correct (and it is conveyed to us in semi-official shape), we cannot but regret it, as we are well assured, from what we know of the construction and performances of the Victoria and Albert, from her first launching, that she will never achieve tl.e work expected of her if so altered. This " conversion " system we had hoped had been exploded. The Penelope was such an awfully bungling and expensive affair of the same eon that we fully expected to have seen such *nether act of folly perpetrated by any Board of AdmG►lty. But that was done in the days of Symondian sway over the constructive department of the navy—we expect better things under Sir Baldwin Walker's surveyor ship. The conversion of the Blenheim will ever remain a standing item of wanton and disgraceful expenditure in the blue books of parliamentary returns-250,0001. and up- wards having been expended on that ship up to the time of her first commission as a sea-going screw deuble-banked frigate, for that is the true character of ships of her clam Therefore let us indulge the hope for the sake of the credit of that navy whose welfare has ever been dear to us, and must be to all who have served in it, that such fallacies as those recorded will never be enacted again. Let our Queen, of all humankind else, have a yacht befitting the rank and character of the Sovereign of the Seas, and this she only can have in a vessel newly constructed upon the most improved scientific principles—up to the age of ad. vancement made in naval architecture since the Victoria and Albert paddler was floated off the stocks; and we would suggest, as the best method of reelising this desidera tum "so devoutly to be wished," that a committee of all the best naval architects in the kingdom—and mercantile shipbuilders as well as naval architects—be formed, under the directions of the Board of Admiralty, with a competent committee of judges, to design and construct models for a sew screw yacht fur the Queen, worthy of her illustrious rank in the world, and of that service which is the right arm of her strength (next to her people's love), and the admiration of every maritime nation.—lfampshire Adver tise►. DEMONSTRATION OF COLLIERS AT IVAREFIELD. An important demonstration of colliers took place yesterday (Monday) at Wakefield. The object of the gathering was the organisation of the colliers of the West Riding, so as to enable them to support the demand they have made for an advance of wages proportionate to the advance in the price of coal. Coal having risen 10d. a ton, they ask that 3d. of that 10d. should go into the pocket of the miner. The proprietors of collieries generally seem to withstand the demand on the ground that it is unrea. unable. About 200 men in the employ of Messrs. Leather, at their colliery near Leeds, struck some time ago, and have ever since been in receipt of 106. a week. The men em ployed at the collieries of Mr. Pope, at Criggleatone, near Wakefield, have also struck. The demonstration of Mon day was intended for the miners of the whole Riding. handbills announcing it having been circulated throughout the Riding, with a request from the delegate meeting for the miners of Yorkshire, that the day should be made a general holida►. There were not, however, so many miners present as there doubtless would have been but for one circumstance, and that was that Messrs. Charles worth, whose collieries are very extensive, and who employ between 2.000 and 3,000 hands, gave all their men a dinner, with the object, it was said, of keeping them from the de monstration. Notwithstanding this there were present at the New Market, where the demonstration took place, nearly 3,000 working colliers from all parts of the West Riding, including the neighbourhoods of Leeds, Barnsley, Huddersfield, Bradford, &c. The proceedings lasted about two hours, the chair being occupied by Mr. John Seymour. A memorial to Lord Palmerston was approved of, soli citing the attention of government to the adoption of legis lative measures calculated to prevent the calamities to which miners are exposed at present in pursuing their trade, and suggesting several improvements in the system at present in existence. PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FIRE AT WINDSOR CASTLE. —The competitively harmless character of the fire which broke out in Windsor Castle, immediately after the arrival of her Majesty and the royal family for their Easter sojourn, in March last, was entirely owing to the abundant supply of water from the mains. Those mains had not been laid down more than a few months, and the way in which they are fed with water is novel and ingenious. High perched upon the Cranbourne-hill, the top of which is higher than the flag-staff of Windsor Castle, Mr. Simpson, the hydraulic engineer, bad caused to be con,tructed an im mense tank capable of holding one million gallons of water. This tank, by means of a steam engine adjoining the Home Park, is kept constantly filled from the Thames, the water being conveyed by iron pipes the whole of the distance, about three miles. From the main pipes subsidiary branches spring, and are carried round the terraces, into the gardens, and moat parts of the Castle. The tank b e i ng a l ways f u ll the water rises by its own pressure the moment it is turned on. But at the time of the late fire the subsidiary pipes had not been extended to all parts of the Castle, it being deemed sufficient that the mast commanding pos itions were so supplied. The public, however, will now be glad to learn that the Commissioners of Public Works have given directions for the extension of the mains to every part of the Cattle, and the operations were commenced a few days ago under the superintendence of Mr. Turnbull, the resi dent clerk of the works. The original expense of carrying the pipes to Cranbourne was 10,00 W., the expense of their present extension is estimated at 4,0001., which sum has been voted by parliament. INCENDIARY FIRES LN BIRMINGHAM AND NEIGH . BOURHOOD.—Daring the put week two more of these alarming occurrences, of a most destructive character, have taken place, and both, it is to be feared, are the work of in cendiaries. The ant took place in a meadow at Greet, about three mile' on the road to Solihull, on Monday even ing last. The fire commenced in a rick of bay, the property of Mr. Poole, living in Bradford-street. It was discovered about half-put seven o'clock, and an express was instantly despatched for the engines, which were speedily at the scene of the disaster, but it was net until three o'clock in the morning that the flames were subdued, by which time the large rick of hay was entirely consumed, and other damage done. The value of the hay was about 601., and little doubt exists that it was wilfully ignited. The second fire occurred on Thursday, on the premises of Mr.Mayou, farmer, ile Cross, a short distance beyond Sheldon. About half eleven on Wednesday night it was discovered that • stack in the rick yard was in fire, and a despatch was in stantly sent to Birmingham for the engines. In the mean time the fire had taken firm hold of the contents of the yard, which, at the time of the occurrence, contained t en large ricks; and, notwithstanding the most strenuous exertions on the part of the Birmingham firemen, the firmer were not entirely extinguished until an advanced hour on Thursday afternoon. Only two stacks were saved; three stacks of wheat, three of barley, and two of straw being entirely consumed. The value of the property destroyed cannot fall far short of 1,9001. ; but it was stated that Mr. Mayon was insured in the Birmingham and Unity fire offices. There is every reason to believe, as has been already observed, that this serious calamity was the work of an incendiary ; and we would call the attention of the authorities to the necessity of exercising some vigilance in the detection of the offend ers.—Birmingham paper. EMPLOYMENT OF PAUPER CHILDREN IN THE Navy.—Last week 12 boys from the Oxford Union were sent to Portsmouth, to be entered in her Majesty's navy, where it was thought employment might be obtained for them. Eight of the 12 have, however, been sent back. It appears that the master of the house took the boys to Ports mouth, where the guardians of the Oxford Union were led to believe that situations would have been at once procured for them. He proceeded, with proper introductions, on board the Victory, when the boys were placed under the standard, and other formalities gone through. However, , upon the proper officer seeing the boys, he immediately pronounced them totally unfit, but upon an explanation, he was induced to consent that four of them should remain, in order to see if they could be provided with situations. The master then went with the remainder to the Excellent, but he could not previa on the officers to take any of them ; it was, however, intimated to him that had they been pre- I sented six weeks ago, there would have been no difficulty I in finding employment for them. ROMAN ANTIQUITIES IN HUNGARY.—At Petronell, a Hungarian town on the Danube, there has just been found, near the castle of the Counts of Abensberg Traun, an uncommonly fine 'tonic pavement ; also, not far from the spot where the pavement was found, a military order of the Emperor Trojan was discovered. Petronell is the ancient Cornuntum, and near it are the remains of • triumphal arch, raised by the Emperor Augustus to Tibe ' rice, in memory of the conquest of Pannonia. THE COLLISION AT HORNSEI. Viscount Enfield, one of the sufferets 1 'he col lision at Hornsey, has published the follow tete •tt.r, ad. dressed to the chairman of the Great Northern 1: •city : "Dear Beckett Denison,—lt appears to me, fr..e. what I , read in the papers, that an attempt is being made to screen the guilty authors of the catastrophe at Hornsty, and to fix the blame on those who are comparatively innocent. have abstained until now from making any public remarks upon that appalling occurrence, because I was it, sirens of reading the evidence adduced at the preliminary inquiry, and because 1 was anxious to divest myself or 4.5 vindic tive or hostile feeling which the injuries to my s. a and to myself may be supposed to have created. I Lope And Uuat that any such feelings, if they ever existed, are ebsorlud in the gratitude which I feel for our merciful preservation. The few observations which I deem it a duty to make I address to you rather than to the public press or the officer of the Board of Trade, because I have such relimlce upon your high character and manly straightforward nature, that I am confident you will allow no consideration to in terfere with the rigid and impartial prosecution of this portent inquiry. On Wednesday last, the 31st of August, I was a passenger by the Great Northern Railway to and from London. I left Hatfield by the express train for London, and was detained in it one whole hour between Barnet and Colney Hatch by a coal train which had broken down, and was immoveable upon the liac. 1 hod ample opportunity, during our compulsory deteutitn, to ob serve the cargo upon the obstructing troika, and I noticed, when they were shunted at Colney Hatch, a load of timber, very remarkable from its weight and calibre. After the concussion I inspected the wreck ul our shattered train and the obstacles which occasioned it, and among the latter I think that I recognised the identical load of timber. I hope that lam mistaken, fur if my suspicion is correct, and the vexatious impediment of thy• morning was permitted to he the cause of such bodily and mental suffer ing (and probable loss of life) in the evening, there is nO Punishment too severe for the superintendent of the Hors ley station. Be this as it may, no doubt whatever Can ex ist as to his culpability in permitting the disabled coal train to be shunted within ten minutes of the arrival of the ex press; or of his criminal neglect of duty in fading to ob serve and to remove a source of danger, which oas noticed and reported to him by a chance spectator (a iody whose name I have preserved). I think it right to odd that the insufficiency of working staff at the stations of the Great Northern line was a topic of general conch nination by my fellow-travellers in the morning and afternoon of the 31st ult. I shall attentively watch the course of the. inquiry, upon which will depend the publication of my opiuion. tt Brock-,t-bell, Welwyn, Sept. 5." Lord Enfield goes on to say : "To this letter Mr. Denison has sent me a reply, written by Mr. Mowatt, the secretary of the company, sac unsatis factory in every respect that I feel compelled to call public attention to the circumstances which I thought might be susceptible of explanation. Mr. Mowatt admits die correct ness of my suspicion respecting the timber truce, though its identity was denied by the persons interrogated on the spot, at my suggestion, by Mr. Seymour Clarke. Thu: it appears that the obstruction of the morning on the up bra,• was per mitted to become an instrument of fearful danger in the afternoon on the down•hne, having crawled, like a wounded reptile, some six or seven miles in the course et as many hours. I often hear it asserted that the Great Northern line is mainly dependent upon its goods and ce traffic, and that the passenger traffic is a secondary cone - dcration; if this be so, in the name of public safety let them abandon the latter, and adhere to the more profitable and harmless line of business. The experiments made in the presence of the government inspector appear to me to he a childish farce, for the purpose of withdrawing went. ~ trona th e real delinquents, the collector at Homey, and the persons who appointed a porter at St. Neot's to so r.sounsible a situation. It would be strange indeed if cal, I imenta so tried did not succeed. Your reporter can scam le preserve his gravity in the relation. There are three or tour gees. tions to which Mr. Tyrwhitt or the governm , iit inspector ought to have explicit answers. tt Why was the disabled coal and timber train, which had obstructed the morning traffic between Blreet and Colney Hatch, an impediment at liornscy at 5 pen. ? Was the collector at Hornsey aware of tic,: at rival of this train at 4 minutes to 5, and if so, did he order it to bo shunted across the down-line, over which the eXilteS4 was to pass at 5 minutes past 5 ? " ' Did the collector despatch the porter with a signal of danger before or after his telegraphic message to London? t" Was the collector apprised of the impeudieg danger by a casual spectator ?' tt I make no apology for troubling you with this long letter; it is upon a subject of universal interest. No one who has pai I attention to railway accidents con have failed to observe that the large proportion of them occur at stations; but I do not remember a superintendent being punished or censured, the offence being always at tributed to and expiated by the guards and engine. drivers. I am, sir, your faithful servant, EN lIELD." MORE FIRES AA - D LOSS OF LIFE. Last night (Monday), at a few minutes before 7 o'clock, two fires broke out almost simultaneously, —one in the premises belonging to Mr. Henry Wilson, No. 2, Hem ming-row, Chapel-street, Liverpool-road ; and the other in the building belonging to Mr. W. May, exiting-house keeper, No. 119, Aldersgatc-street, City. End: tire was occasioned by a spark flying from a lighted candle amongst the bed furniture. The engines of the London brigades parish, and West of England, were remarkably early in arriving, but considerable damage was done in each ease before the flames could be conquered. Both sufferers, it was understood, were insured iu the Sun Fire-effice. A fire of a very distressing character, and unfortunately attended with loss of life, broke out at a late hour on Sun day night, in the premises belonging to Mr. Levine, water proof clothing manufacturer, situate at No. 45, Castle-street, Whiteehapel. The fire originated from some unexplained cause in the front room first-floor, in which three men were sleeping at the time. An instant alarm was given, and information of the outbreak was despatched to the engine and fire-escape stations. In a very brief period the parish engine and the Royal Society's fire escape attended, closely followed by several engines of the London brigade. Upon Wood, the conductor of the escape, enter ing the premises he found the whole of the inmates in great danger, on account of the dense suffocating smoke that was rushing up the stairs. With the exception of one person, a young man named Maurice Abrahams, the inmates effected a safe retreat. Upon the conductor entering the room in which the fire began he beheld a tearful scene, for the unfortunate man was found in a corner of' the apart ment burnt in a frightful manner, so much so that when he touched him the flesh came off his body. The parish en gine and the London brigademen went to work, and being aided by a plentiful supply of water, furnished by the East London Company's mains, the flames were subdued, but not until that part of the premises in which the misfortune began was burnt out and the contents consumed. A sur geon was sent for to attend upon the unfortunate man who was so shockingly burned, but upon his arrival he pro nounced life to be extinct. It appears that the deceased had previously assisted the other two men in effecting their escape, when he became surrounded with flames and dropped in the midst of them. The body was placed in a shell and removed to the workhouse, to await a coroner's inquest, which it is understood will be held to-day (Tues day). Unfortunately neither Mr. Levine, nor any of the other inmates, was insured. THE GREAT Finn AT POELAR.—Notwithstanding that so large a portion of Messrs. Scott Russell's ship-building premises were destroyed by the fire which broke out on Saturday last, a considerable number of men were yesterday able to pursue their usual labour in those portions of the property saved from destruction. Upon making an inspection yesterday of the yard, the ruins presented a fearful aspect, for a series of lofty premises that previously covered an acre and a half of ground had been reduced to mere empty shells. Many of the lofty walls have fallen, and the costly machinery, such as punching, ploughing, cutting, and rolling machines, can be seen amidst the ruins, almost fused by the intense heat to which the same were exposed. Yesterday a number of workmen were employed on the two iron steam ships lying on the slips, iu order to repair the mischief done to the vessels. Between 170 and 200 of the workmen have been deprived of their tools. FATAL COLLISION ON THE LONDON AND BRIGHTON RAILWAY. Last night an inquest was held by Mr. Payne, the coroner, end a numerous jury, at Guy's Hospital, on the body of William Jenner, who died in that institution from injuries received by a collision on the London and Brighton and d.nith Coast Railway on the 27th of August last. The jury said although they considered the death of the deceased was accidental, yet they were of opinion that blame attached to the company iu not making Letter ar rangements. Mr. Farmer said that arrangements had already been made, as experience had shown the necessity for a mm being appointed, whose sole duty it would be to look atter the signals at this part of the line. The inquiry then terminated. NEW OMNIBUSES AND CABS.—From and after tho first day of next month a better description of omnibuses and cabs are expected to be prepared for the public. It is enacted by the 16 & 17 Vict., c. 33, that persons from sad after the lot October, desirous of obtaining a license to keep, use, or let to hire any metropolitan stage or hackney car riage, are to apply in writing to the police commissional, is order that they may cause an inspection to be made of the vehicles, and if found to be in a proper condition for public use, arc to grant a certificate on which the Inland Revenue Board is to grant a license. No license is to be granted without such a certificate. The police commissioners may cause an inspection to be made of the vehicles and horses, and if they are not in a fit condition the licenses may be suspended and t'..e Stamp-office plate recalled. Penalties are to be imposed for disobeying the act. SOUTH-EASTERN RAlLWAY.—Traffic for the week ending Sept. 10, DM :-21,7161. 19s. 6d. Corresponding week, 1862, 19,5801.8 e. 2d. Increase in 1853, 2,1381.