The Express. — London, England, 1847-03-05 00:00:00

...------ NOEL game, Ilm. CoLDuneezinon,Vile. Lacelles.Ha.W. Held, Sir J. B. ogim, W. Medan. Fred. Leader, J. T. }timid°, J. L. wk ly, IL Irgerton, W. T. Imam, Sir C. Ramilly, J. paring,lice.P.T. &Mart. 1.0.11 LISLCOIO. Eariof Rom D. R. garieg, Han W. Evens, W. Lindray, Col. ItmarlL Lord E. ritrmi, Hon. H. Loh. J. Son =Hn.ll.l7lower, Mr J. Lockhart, W. innytho, Hon.O. Hon IL Pailiff, M. Wlltor, D. Somerset, Lril.o. Wow, J. Sneak, T.ll. Manhall, W. SuuAleid,W.lLC. ilerriV. Dr. Gill, T. Moreland, 11. *Mart, W. V. Stowe.. W. Oiebsse, T. Munn, J. Stuart. H. gypoorigg, J. S. Graham, Sir]. Matheson, J. Strait, HIM. B. cardwil, E. Gamic. T. Mitchell, Teamed, H. W. My, gar W. Haisillson,W.J. Moan, 0. namely, T. pork, Per 0. Hamer, Sir.). Molasworth.SirWTrelamay, J. B. gi g geigaoke, MrT.Heares, 13. Nonni, Sir D. Villiers, Hon. C. gierry, Hon. 11. Hey, Sir A. Northland,Vied. Villiers, Vi et. pall, W. Li. lleytsr, W. 0. Ord, W. Wall, C. B. ate, W. Houkis worth, T. Omnild, A. W a rburton, EL Ormai L Watt. W. Parker, J. Wu* U. 0. Dikerny, Lord James, W. Patten, J. W. Wrilsairy,LordC, Delimet. J. IL James, Sir W. C. Panama, J. Wood, Col. Dr J. Joan, Copt. Peel, Sir B. Daniel, Sires E.Kirk, Peter Peel, J. TY-UM. Dap; Viva.. Labourhers, H. Philips, M. FACOtt, B. pawn, 0. Langston, J. U. Protherce, E. Bright, J. - 7: in epprols. MAILS. the mails for the Braziln, the River Plate, Monte Video, remain. =igglahist. Maleira, and Buenos Ayres, will lio made up on Us of the 3th April. The toads for Vim', °ports, Liston, Madeira. r. 11:, and Gibraltar, will he made up on the morning of the ills March. The overland elms Swede, vie Marseilles, to the Alediterrancan, ggypt, Aden, Ceylon, India, Hong Kong, he., will be made up on the riming of the MI March. The cieerlstri trails for Gibraltar, Malta, Greece, the lonian Islands, g', Aden, Ceylon, Hong-Kong, and China, rim Southampton, Sale mute up on the morninig of the 20th of Horeb. Ibe mails for New South Wales, Van Diemen's Land, and New bawd will be made up on the evening of the 3 bit March. The WeA India math, excluding those for :desire, Honduras, and the flenenah, will be mode up on the morning of the 31st March. lie mails for Itritith North America, Bermuda, and the United pplee, will be made op on the evening of the 3rd ApriL TO CORRESPONDENTS. schertkine Ottices of the " DAILY NEWS" sad "EXPRESS" hare Oren REMOVED from 90, FLEET-STREET, W No. 10, ROVVERIE-TREE[, FLEE — T-BTREEE, =Atom. to the Printing :2171 ; 1:111;12Telg omen: - w. 011111350 t notice, In any way, any communication that Is sent to to rtiy ; but them whochcom to skims as in confidence will Vr u ct i nlidence respected. NEITHER CAN WE UNDERTAKE TO RETURN ANY MANUSCRiPTd WHATEVER. a. Adiesumment• intended toe TM Erpress, London emoting paper, mot to at the Office by Two o'clock on the day of publication. 1110 H WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE. Two aw—Mornlog, 1 oda. peg 4; Afternoon, 17 min. Tart 4. Toalossow—blartialt, 33 ma. past 4; AftArnace, 44 min. pat 4. LONDON, FRIDAY, MARCH 5. IN the House of Lords, yesterday, Lord BROUGHAM moved for copies of the examination and warrant of committal iu the case of John Ockham, a child of five years of age, who had been committed by a polico magistrate of the metropolis to Tothill-fields Bride well for felony. The noble lord said he was ignorant of the name of the magistrate in question. Lord CAMPBELL doubted whether proceedings against the magistrate ought to originate in that house or in a court of law ; he thought so monstrous an act as the committal of a child of such tender years, was a sub ject for judicial interference. The Earl of ELLENBO motcm, in moving for amended returns with respect to the trade and navigation of the empire, referred to the fluctuations which had taken place during the part year in exports and imports, and concluded by stating that his object was to ascertain whether the trade of the country was in a progressive state or otherwise. The Earl of CLARENDON, en asserting to the motion, observed that fluctuations in different years would always occur in trade, and especially during such years as the last, when disturbing causes arose which no one could foresee, and against which no human foresight could guard; but, taking all the circumstances together, and looking at the fact that the revenue had sustained no loss , it was his opinion . . that they might look with satißfaCtion at thepiesei position of the trade of the country, and with confi dence to the prospects for the future. Lord ASHBUR TON had been told, that since the removal of the dutietion woollen cloth,large quantities had been manu factured in Belgium and imported into England for home consumption; if such really were the case, no doubt could exist but that home manufactures had been subjected to a severe test by the principle of free trade so rashly and hastily adopted. The Earl of CLARENDON was aware that a certain amount of Belgian cloth had been imported last summer, but no complaint on the subject had reached him from the home manufacturers. The Labouring l'oor (Ireland) Bill went through committee. In the House of Commons the LORD ADVOCATE, in answer to SirA. L. Hav,entered into a statement with respect to the food riots which bad recently taken place at Wick, in Scotland. A conversation in re ference to the Relief Works in Ireland ensued at the instance of Mr. E. DemsoB. Sir GEORGE GREY, in answer to Mr. N. COLLETT, said that no bill on the subject of the Game Laws was in preparation by the Government. Mr. V. SMITH in an explanatory speech, moved that in order to assist and encourage voluntary emigration to the colonies, it was expedient to increase the importance and authority of the land and emigration board, to add to their agency in Great Britain and Ireland, and pro mote their vigilant superintendence of the passage and future location of emigrants. The motion was seconded by Mr. MACKINNON, and supported by Mr. LEFROY and Mr. KERR. Mr. HAwES, in replying to the arguments of Mr. V. SMITH, observed that there was already an active and vigilant superintendence at the ports both of embarkation and landing, which made it all but literally true, as stated by Lord STANLEY, that the emigrant, from the time of leaving his parish to his location abroad, was under a good and efficient super intendence. The number of voluntary emigrants, from 1839 to 1846 inclusive, that had left the United Kingdom for America, Australia, and other places, was 856,:392 ; this having occurred under the super intendence, in a great degree, of the commissioners, and under the sanction of the Secretary for the Colonies. Not wishing to meet the motion of the right hon.gentlemenby a direct negative, he should conclude by moving the previous question. Some questions put by Mr. SMITH 0' B MEN on the sabj eel ofem ig ration from Ireland having been answered by Lord J. RUSSELL, Mr. V. SMITH withdrew his motion. Mr. HUME then proposed the resolutions of which he had given notice, on the subject of the annexation of Cracow, condemning the conduct of Austria, Russia, and Prussia, and calling upon the house to resolve that the payment of the Russo-Dutch loan by England should be henceforth suspended. Lord SANDON se conded the motion. Lord J. RUSSELL strongly con demned the conduct of the three powers in reference to the annexation, but inasmuch as the subject was one which addressed itself to the prerogative of the crown rather than to be met by resolutions in the Reuse of Commons, moved the previous question. The debate was then adjourned. A discussion ensued as to the day on which it should be resumed, when Thursday next was at length determined on for that purpose. Ir is possible that those of our readers who have the good fortune to be neither lawyers, nor members of parliament, nor poor-law guardians, may be puzzled to understand the debate in the House of Commons of Tuesday last respecting the " Poor Removal Act " of last session (9 & 10 Viet., c. 66.) To make intelligible, not the act itself, for that is admitted to be impossible, but the peculiar terms which render it unintelligible, and the results which Ries from that happy phraseology, we can only refer to the original text. It has been published in a con venient form by Mr. SYMONS, the author of a work on parish settlements. The intention of the mea sure was, as is well known, to render all persons irremovable from the pariah in which such persons " shall have resided for five years next before the application for the warrant." If the clause had stopped here, whether just or not, it would have been reasonably perspicuous, though it is right to observe that neither " warrant " nor " application " are the proper legal terms for an order of removal, and for the complaint of the parish officer on which it is founded. The occurrence of only two comparatively innocent specimens of laxity in 'parliamentary paragraph, shows, however,. degree of accuracy far above the legislative average. And the clause goes on to provide that the time during which ouch person shale be a prisoner, &e., shall receive relief, or shall incur certain other disqualifications, shall for all purposes be excluded in the computation of time hereinbefore mentioned. This is the first section of the act, and this is the Proviso which, as the select committee truly state in their report, gives rise to the doubts which occasion the most prominent difficulties attending the admin istration of the law in question. It must by no means be assumed that this is the only ambiguous clause. In the very next clause, s. 2, it is provided that " No woman, rending in any parish with her husband at the time of his .death " shall be removed for a certain time ; and there is more than one case now pending before the Queen's Bench for the pur pose of ascertaining whether a widow, whose husband died before the passing of the act, comes within the purview, of the clause. The doubts and difficulties, however arising from the first section are quite suffi ciently prominent to occupy us for the present, as they have lately occupied the committee and the house, not to mention the six hundred unions which have for the last eight months remained in a chronic state of bewilderment. Many of our readers already know, and the rest will easily understand, that the puzzle arises from the ' indifference of Parliament to such trifles as auxiliary verbs, the very basis, according td Mr. SHANDY, of all logic and philosophy. The enacting part of the clause makes irremovable those who shall have done certain things ; the proviso excepts from the enactment, as to the calculation of time, those who shall do certain other things. For the enactment it is immaterial whether the five years of residence occur now, or twenty years ago, or twenty years hence. The future-perfect shall hare covers all times up to the moment at which the law in any given case is put in operation. It is equally clear that the future shall covers all time to come. Those who henceforth reside, or have heretofore resided, five years, will, priald facie, be irremovable, but will not be entitled to include in the reckoning of five years any time in which henceforth they shall be in receipt of relief, &c. Cadu questio, the question now occurs, how does the case stand as to those who have heretofore re sided during a period amountirg to five years, but which would be reduced below fire years by exclud ing the time during which they have received relief, &c. ? The question is of great practical importance. Many parishes have contained numbers of paupers belong ing to, and relieved by, other parishes. The settle ment by non-resident relief given by parish A to its pauper, while residing in parish B, was the simplest and most certain of any. Parish B entertained no Jea lousy of such a pauper, because the admission by parish A of its liability was conclusive and easy of proof. Under the new act, if the proviso as to relief, &c., is to be interpreted retrospectively—if shall is considered equivalent to shall hare—the position of the parishes remains the same as before. B, in which the pauper lives, will remove him to A before he becomes irremovable under the act. That this was the intention of the framers of the act, appears from the statements of Sir JAMES GRAHAM and Mr. Lawts. They con sidered that circumstances, which will hereafter in terrupt the computation of the five years, must also interrupt it when they occurred before the passing of the Act. Contemplating an extensive change in the existing burdens of pari sh es, they wished to limit the alteration by the previa°. The Act received the Royal assent in August, and early in October the poor-law commissioners found it necessary to take the opinions of the ATTORNEY and SOLICITOR-OaNntAL on the construction of the pro . vise, as well as on five other doubtful points, to which we need not here refer, arising on the construction of an Act of ten short clauses. The law officers were of opinion that the proviso was not as the commissioner and parliament intended that it should be, retrospective—t ha t shall was not equivalent to shall hare—recipiet to receperit—and that any per son who shall have resided in a parish for five years is irremovable, even though during a part or the whole of those five years he may, previous to the passing of the act, have received relief, served the crown as a sailor or soldier, or come within any or all of the exceptions which were intended to exclude him from the provisions of the act. That this opinion was right, we have no doubt whatever. It is not a question of law so much as at grammar. If en act were to declare that any mem ber, who shall introduce an absurd bill into parliament shall be fined and imprisoned; it would be a most sweeping and dangerous interpretation of it to punish those who have introduced such bills. But if it ap plied to any member who shall hare introduced such bill, we fear that Sir JAMES GRAIIkM would suffer legally, though under an ex post facto law. Whether the opinion was right or wrong, the commissioners prudently adopted it, and circulated the substance of it among the different anions. But here arose an inextricable discord and confusion of judgment and action Dome unions quietly adopted the re commendation, abandoned their own non-resident poor, now become irremovable, and accepted the charge of the strangers within their gates who had hitherto been maintained by subsidies from their lawful homes. Even in this, the simplest case, it was often found impracticable to ascertain the facts of the five years' residence. The denizens and the outlying natives were respectively adopted and de serted in the mass—subject to the probable compul sory return of those of the non-residents who had not become irremovable elsewhere. More commonly the unions formed treaties of reciprocal non-extradition with their neighbours, agreeing in their interunional transactions, to ignore the act altogether, and main tain their nen-resident poor as if nothing had hap pened. Some more crafty, investigated the balance of profit and loss, and ascertaining whether their resident stranger poor, or non-resident settled poor, would be most expensive, de clared for or against the law-officers accord ing to the remit. For the various additional modifications of procedure, we must refer to the evi dence which accompanies the report of the committee. It is difficult to say whether most good or harm has arisen from this state of anarchy. The responsio juris consullorum, under the prudent influence of the com missioners, seems to be gradually prevailing. About half the unions have given in their adhesion to that which is officially and rightly supposed to be the law, though the reverse of the meaning of the legislature. A large class of paupers have been transferred from the parishes to which it was intended that they should remain chargeable. Sir JAMES GRAHAM and Mr. CHARLES BULLER make the best of this curious accidental legislation. They think that the benefits of the act have been use fully extended by the mistake in the auxiliary verbs. Mr. BANKES, indeed, naturally objects that the opi nion of the law officers has had the effect of a decla ratory act of parliament ; but the effect was impli citly contained in the act itself. If parliament could learn to say what it means in plain English it might set the law officers at defiance. There is no harm in a simpler process of applying the rules of a grammar than a new and probably more inaccurate piece of legislation ; and we think the committee is right in advising the house for the present not to make bad worse by any attempt to explain itself farther. There is every reason to fear that the ex isting complication has not reached its climax. The Rev. W. MutenousE, chairman of the Clifton Union, with 60,000 inhabitants, and evidently a man of ability and experience, which is still one of the dissentient bodies, declares to the committee that he cannot understand even the key to the mystery, the official resolution of doubts, the celebrated opinion itself. "We are not satisfied with the opinion of the law officers, neither do I, to this hour, understand it." Assuming, however, as we may safely assume, that the proviso is not retrospective, we think It probable that the effect of the blunder has been beneficial rather than otherwise to the poor, by saving them from involuntary removal. Against their wishes the act is hardly binding at all, for, as Mr. SYMONS ingeniously suggests, a pauper has nothing to do, if he wishes to be removed to his place of settlement, but to walk into the next parish and there apply for relief, as it is only when he has lived five years that he is irremovable. As regards rate-payers, however, great hardship mat have occurred. Let us take a case from the evld Mr. W. 0. STANLEY, as to two parishes in Anglesey Llechcynvarwydd, some years ago, built soma cottages in Rhodygeidio, and there maintained' its poor. The law officers pronounce their opinion, and Llechcynvarwydd—there is a pleasure in writing, we will not say pronouncing, the name, telling, as it does, of Welsh litigiousness and astuteness-- Llechcynvarwydd, we say, has thrown its whole parochial burdens on Rhodygeidio, which must devoutly wish that it had settled a colony on some neighbour with equal foresight Probably, Mr. LEWIS is right in saying, that, what ever the evil has been, a new change of the burdens would be an additional inconvenience. Parliament will, no doubt, leave the law as it stands, subject to its being possibly overruled by the Queen's Bench. But, if the law is an improvement, it is singular that we should be indebted for the benefit to an acknow ledged mistake. THE plain unvarnished statement, made lest night by the LORD ADVOCATS, in the HORN) of Commons, regarding the painful collision between the military and the populace at Wick, completely exonerate' THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, MARCH 5, 1847. the Sheriff of Caithness and the military from the blame which, by indirect practices, has been sought to be fastened on them. As for the affray itself, all such collisions are deeply to be regretted ; but in the pre sent case we may con gratulate ourselves on the limited amount of injury inflicted, and indulge in the hope that its occurrence may prevent more serious mischief. Riotous attempts to interfere with the commerce in grain, our readers are aware, have recently been made at different points in the north of Scotland. They began, to the best of our recollection, in Moray shire, spread thence to Inverness, and, having infected Roes-shire to such an extent that the civil power is actually paralysed there at this moment, they have broken out in Caithness. _ _ _ On the 26th of last mouth we published a commu nication from a friend in Caithness (written on the 18th) strongly indicative of the turbulent spirit which prevailed in the district. "At Thurso," said oar correspondent, " a vessel is lying, sent round from Stornoway to load meal and grain purchased some months since on account of /dr. MATItEsoN, for the support of the population of the island of Lewis. The master will not be allowed to take a single pound of grain or meal, and instead of food for the starving Highlanders is loading stones for pavement." Yet there was no scarcity in Caithness. " The meal stores and granaries are full, with a considerable stock in the farmers' hands, for the grain crop is the finest ever seen in Caithness. The really working population are fully employed at high wages, and have not even the ap prehension of scarcity." But there is in that district a large population of fishermen accustomed to work by fits and starts, deeply in debt to the fish-curers, who have been in the habit of making large advances to them in order to get them into their power. It was among this idle and improvident class that ap prehensions prevailed, exaggerated into panic, we learn from a trustworthy source, by " parties posses sing substance and status, who have so interfered with , and intimidated the meal-dealers, that they have failed to purchase sufficient to supply their regular customers, and excited such a temper among the po- i palace that we dare not ship any grain." This lawless intimidation has therefore prevailed in Thurso for some time. In Wick, matters were as bad, or worse. On the 19th ult. a mob barricaded the quay, and " ballasted" a vessel lying there to take in grain. No efficient support was given by the local magistrates to the sheriff and procurator-fiscal. It was obvious that a determined spirit of resistance to the law was at work among the populace throughout the northern districts of Caithness, and that it was extensively connived at, if not encouraged, by many among the classes who ought to have known the dan ger of giving way to it. We dwell upon these facts, because au attempt has been made in a local journal to attribute the ex asperation which produced the late affray to the' landing, on Tuesday week, of a party of soldiers.' Outrages of a grave character had been perpetrated before their arrival. The military after they had reached Wick were kept in reserve as long as possible. On Wednesday an attempt was made by the authorities to have the vessel loaded under the protection of a body of special constables, 200 of the inhabitants having been sworn in for the occasion. No mob appeared as long as these persons were on duty; but they soon wearied of their task, and worried the sheriff with complaints of being taken from their business, till he was obliged to dismiss them. Information having been given that the vessel would be attacked in the course of the night, a guard of sol diers was placed over it. The guard was surrounded and assailed by an infuriated mob; the whole party had to march to its relief ; the riot act was read ; the soldiers, in dispersing the assailants, were pelted with stones from every place of vantage, and even from the windows of the houses. After patient endurance of this violence for a long time—and after the sheriff, the procurator-fiscal, and many of the soldiers had been wounded—one party was compelled to fire in self-defence. The only casualties were a man wounded in the hand so severely that it will re quire to be amputated, and a woman slightly wounded in the fleshy part of the arm. The consequence has been, that the obstruction to the loading of the vessels has been desisted from ; that the substantial inhabitants have professed their resolution to support the authorities; and that a public meeting has expressed a wish to have the soldiers withdrawn, and attempted to throw blame upon the sheriff, instead of those parties whose cul pable negligence, to say the least, lent hardihood to the rioters, and whose cowardly inaction rendered the presence of the soldiery necessary. It ha's uniformly been found that unreasoning panic and turbulence aggravate the pressure of famine ten fold. It is well that the educated classes in Caith ness have been shown the inevitable consequence of yielding to panic and turbulence, while famine is yet at a distance from their doors. There is plenty of food in Caithness to supply the in habitants, and their immediate neighbours, tor months ; and the dealers who distribute it within this range, if left to the free exercise of their trade, will import more before it is exhausted. There is work at good wages for every men of average industry in Caithness ; and so long as they can earn the means of paying the meal-dealers, the meal-dealers will take care to have meal to sell them. This is what the proprietors, the better class of shop keepers, and others of that rank ought to know ; and the only way to alleviate the pressure which most probably awaits them before harvest, and to save themselves from the fierce violence of hungry and frightened men, is to disseminate this knowledge among the public, and fearlessly, yet withoat passion, to uphold the law. It has been remarked that, as usual, on the late oc casion the casualties seem to have befallen those who were remote from and not taking part in the tumult. We would add that, had they befallen the moat active rioter present, still they , must have left, unscathed, parties infinitely more culpable. The journals and correspondence of Paris of Wed nesday continue to give alarming accounts of the in dications observable throughout the country of a serious scarcity. The period which is looked for ward to with most anxiety is the months of April and May. The rise meanwhile proceeds within the radius which supplies Paris. It has within the last few days varied from 50c. to 2f. the hectolitre. Throughout Normandy the scarcity is represented as most alarming there is no supply on the coast, and commercial houses say that none is expected. Unless chance should bring arrivals to Havre, every. I thing, says one of the journals of Wednesday " is to be feared, for the millers have no more to grind." In many places the bakers have ceased to make household bread, having no supply of flour of the second quality. In the departments of the north, according to letters of the 27th ult., the millers have not two days' supply of grain to keep them going. It is feared that the measures of relief adopted by government have been too late. The report, that it was the intention of the French government to send a fleet to the Balearic Isles is contradicted. The Gazeete de France says that " the cabinet of the Tuileries, desiring to neutralise the effect of that news in England, has ordered that no French vessel of war shall, for some time to come, station itself in the harbours of these islands. lastructions have been sent to Count St. Aulaire to explain this to the English government." The hotel of Queen Christina in Paris is in pre paration for her reception. She is expected there about the middle of the present month. Our Paris correspondent in his private letter of Wednesday, says that he has been authorised to con tradict the statement of La Freese that the Countess St.. Aulaire had been requested to intervene in the dissension between Lord Normanby and M. Gnixot. Although Madame St. Aulaire attended the ball at the British embassy, she never m . led in any mau -1 ner in the dispute between the Ambassad or and the Minister of Foreign Affairs. She accepted the invita tion as the private friend of Lady Normanby, feel ing that the existing personal dispute ought not to be allowed to interrupt the private relations of life. Information amved at the Bourse on Wednesday of a collision between the inhabitants on the Spanish frontier, occasioned by the seizure of a French trading vessel on the Bidasaoa, by the Spanish. The commander of the vessel ordered out from Bayonne two squadrons of cavalry and a battalion of infantry, with artillery, to recover the ship. Government, however, have sent a telegraphic despatch to countermand all violent proceed ings, and have ordered communication to be made to Madrid on the matter. France appears about to contribute that share to the extension of steam navigation on the large scale which her rank and position as a maritime and com mercial state demand. The Chambers are seriously occupied with an extensive project for intersecting the Atlantic with several lines of steamers of the first class, connecting the chief ports of France in the Mediterranean and on the western coast with the great centres of population and commerce of the New World. It will be recollected that a project of this kind was not only entertained in 1840, but the go vernment was authorised to carry it into effect, and several powerful steam-ships were built for the pur pose. Subsequent consideration, however, convinced the government that at that time the enterprise could not be established and continued, without ab sorbing a disproportionate and inexpedient amount of the national revenue. Although the ships were built the enterprise was therefore left in abeyance. The subsequent advancement of steam ' navigation, and the extension of commerce, have more recently led to various propositions on the part of private companies which have been presented to the French government, to establish such lines of communication under national patron age, and with a government subvention. The mea sures now passing through the legislature, and which will soon be adopted, contemplate private enterprise as the basis of the arrangements. The principal line will communicate between Havre and New York. Instead of paying a subven tion in money to the company which will undertake this, it is proposed that the government shall give it the use of four powerful steam ships, which were built in accordance with the measures proposed in 1840, the company engaging to keep them in repair, to maintain the machinery, and insure them. In re turn for this, the mail service between France and New York is to be executed without charge to the state. The contract is made for ten years. It is ex pected that this project will immediately pass the chambers without opposition, and as the ships and machinery are complete and ready for service, the line will probably be in practical operation in the course of the spring. The other lines contemplated by the leFrislature are three, directed severally upon the Antilles, Rio de Janeiro, and the Havanna, the last having branches to New Orleans, and other ports in the Gulf of Mexico. From the comparative small amount of the commerce, and more especially of the intercourse in passengers with these ports, the establishment of the enterprise offers much more difficulty, and its result is more doubtful. It is not considered, therefore, that a line of ships worked exclusively by steam, like those of the Cunard line, and those intended to run between Havre and New York, woald answer. It is accordingly designed to establish on these southern lines ships provided only with auxiliary steam-power, and propelled by the screw, or some other subaqueous propeller. The diminished amount of fuel to be carried under such circumstances will leave so large an amount of tonnage for profitable freight as to give the enterprise fair chances of com mercial success. The character of the tropical navi gation, in which the steady atmospheric currents of the trades are alternated with the equatorial calms, peculiarly favour this application of steam. The ex pedition attainable by the complete steam-ship will, of course, be surrendered ; but as the traffic in pas sengers will be comparatively small, this extreme ex pedition can be spared. The ports of frranee from which these southern lines will start have not yet been settled, but it may be regarded as nearly certain that one of them, that directed upon the Antilles, will be Marseilles ; and another, that directed upon the Havanna, will be Havre. It is probable, also, that the line commu eating with Rio will also start from Havre. Advices have arrived from Constantinople to the 17th ult., by the steamer Hellespont, which made the passage from Constantinople to Marseilles in the short space of ten days. We have already mentioned the offence given to the French Consul, M. Sabstier, at Janina. We learn that, as soon as a report of this arrived at Constantinople, the Ottoman government took immediate measures to offer satisfaction to the consul. The Kehaya and the Pacha of Janina, Ziki Effendi, one of the members of the I council, accused of having encouraged the offenders, were dismissed, and summoned to Constantinople to be judged by a court of justice. The Minister of Foreign Affairs wrote an apologetic letter to M. &abetter. The Sultan has, by the advice of the Grand Ad miral, ordered sixteen young Mussulmen, pupils of the Naval School of Terz-Hans, to be sent to England and France, to study navigation and engineering. They were to embark, on the 18th ult., on board the English steamer Oriental. 1 he same advices inform us of the result of the dif ference between Greece and the Porte. M. Coletti having refused to grant the satisfaction required by the Porte, the Turkish minister embarked at Pirieus on the 14th, and arrived at Conatantinopleon the 17th, where this event excited the most lively sensation. According to letters received in Paris on Wednes day from Switzerland, the dissension between the ultra-montane league and the federal authorities is beginning to assume a serious aspect. Positive in formation was received by the Vorort that the league was actively prosecuting its military preparations. It had established a council of war, which sat perma nently at Lucerne, and didnot confine itself merely to register new recruits in its service, but was proceed ing to dispose of the staff officers of the federal army, offering them a brevet, and requiring on their part an oath. In consequence of these proceedings, the Vorort has addressed a letter to the government of Lucerne, and also a circular to the Cantons. If the answer of Lucerne does not prove satisfactory, there appears no doubt that an extraordinary diet will be immediately called. The note addressed to Lucerne was dated the 26th, and the circular to the Cantons the 25th of February. The journals and correspondence of Madrid of the 26th, were received in Paris on Wednesday. The debate on the address was dragging heavily along in the Chamber. The Duke de Sotomayor declared that the government had no intention of removing General Breton from the command in Cata lonia, acknowledging the efficiency of his services. He also announced that it was the intention of the government only to avail itself of the authorisation to contract a loan, in case of urgent and absolute necessity. El Herald) positively states that Cabrera has not entered Spain; that ho is in Italy, and that so far from joining the present Montemolinist movement, the answer which he gave to the application made to him by the insurgents, was, that it was not consistent with his dignity or position, to command a handful of brigands ; but that his proper place was at the head of an army. El Herald() adds that Cabrera, daring his sojourn in France, gained some knowledge of liberal doctrines. FRANCE.—PARIS.—The (currier Francais says : —" To celebrate their reconciliation, M. Oulzot will in • few days give to Lord Normanby • grand dinner, to which the whole of the corps diplomatique will be invited." FLORENCE, FEB. 20.—" THE LAST SIDPFEB. P —The celebrated painting of " The Last Supper," discovered last year in the convent of St. Onopbrio, at Florence attri buted by some to Raphael, by others to Bigi, has been pur chased by the Tuscan government for the sum of 60,000 scudi (13,0001.), for the grand ducal gallery at Florence. The Milanese engraver Jesi has been appointed to make an engraving of this fine work of art. - - GERMANY.—AUSTRIA—VIENNA, FRR. 22.—The ratification of the new loan has taken place. This loan is of 40 millions florins, payable by instalments of 40 days, and is concluded at 104. Since the conclusion of the loan the Five per Cents. have undergone a continual rise. At the expiration of the 40 months should the wants of the state demand it, 40 million' more are to be provided by the contracting parties. It was re ported that England, Austria, end France, had concluded a treaty with the Ottoman Porte, relative to cutting through the Isthmus of Suez, which great enterprise it was hoped would be realised in a few years. According to this treaty, Austria would be charged with the care of the oust, and the regulations of the port of Alexandria, the Egyptian go- vernment would take the Nile as far u the desert, France would establish the route across the desert, and England would take charge of the port of Suez, and make the necessary works. The Austrian Lloyds and the Hid Indian Company would have to provide the steamers requisite. M. Negretts, and other engineers, are to proceed to Eqypt in April next. On the other hand, it is said that a private company will undertake this work, which would not, however, prevent the_ governments from giving their maistance. NETHERLANDS.—Tuz Naw Cove LAW.—The following is a translation of the project of law which has been submitted to the Second Chamber of the States General : We, William IL, &c. Having taken into consideration the necessity of replacing the oorn-law of December 29, 1836, by othcrregulations, and revising the law of June 19, 1846, so far as the duties on cattle for food and other kinds of suste nance are concerned. We have, with the advice of our council of state, and under the common deliberation of the States General, come to the following decision: Art. 1. The law of Duty. Batter, Br home enamuniption, 1 ialv.) Dutch las. and peeled spelt (per Barter and Mgt (per Rye gad Nabs (do.) .. Buckwheat 'do. do. Oats sad lapelled Spelt do. . Beano and V• 116011 Per sad Lentils do. All peeled yr broken grains wan as Otiteal, Betterment, Be., Lot ri lectally mentioned in the . . 6 .4p.r 100 a it Bemoan, end Bran (per 100 lba.) Cattle, Balls, Oxen, Cows, and Reams _iptr m ud O (young), and yore., (per heed) PIP (Per ) Sheep M. llames i L a 3 0 6 30 6 0 3 30 4 0 4 0 4 0 7 0 E. e. Nor. 1 60 L e. O 10 O 50 4 50 o 4 0 SO 0 50 o 10 O 5 o 10 O S 6 10 o to O 5 0 4 o 2 o 1• o 5 • 10 O 5 Art. 3. Wheat, peeled spelt, rye, maize, hurley, malt buck wheat, oats, and unpeeled spelt, enjoy the benefit of entrepol, for en indeterminate time, as well in a general entrepot as in a private or fictitious one, with maintenance of the right of transit or re-exportation. So far as a fictitious entrepc,t for those sorts of grain is concerned, the security demanded may be given under private signature, according to the formula to be fixed by the government. Any persons in business having an account opened with the government, may be ac cepted as securities ; but they cannot be recipmailly securi ties, one fur the other. Art. 4. When the present law comes into force, the one of Oct. 30, 1846, will be revolted, so far as it relates to articles the duties on which arc modified by the present law ALGERlA.—Advices from Algiers of the 15th ult., say that Abd-el-Kader, although compelled for the mo ment, by the scarcity of provisions, to disperse his followers, is nevertheless as powerful as ever. His consideration among the people of Morocco is shown by the respect with which he is everywhere received, and the liberal gift of wheat and barley sent to him daily, not only from the frontier but from the interior. It is a matter of notoriety, that whenever he may think fit, he has only to preach another holy war, and at his powerful voice masses of Arabs will start up in every quarter to combat France under his sacred &inner. It is probable, therefore, we might indeed say certain, that the war will be recommenced in Algeria in the spring with all its former vigour. INDIA.—THE KATHIE/3.—The Calcutta Christian Observer for January gives a notice of a singular race of people called the Kathies, who inhabit a part of Gazerat " These people are supposed by some to be the ancient Cathie, who in the time of Alexander's invasion occupied a portion of the Punjaub, near the confluence of the five rivers. Among the Kathies there ars no distinctions of caste. Besides priests, they have an official class of persons called bards, who poisons authority almost equal to that of the Druids. They become security for the payment of debts, the conduct of individuals who have misbehaved, and the appearance of persons in pending actions ' either civil or criminal. On the same terms they conduct travellers and caravans through districts infested with robbers, or in a state of war. If • troop of predatory horse appear the bard com mands them to retire, and, brandishing his 'dagger, takes a solemn oath, that if they plunder the persons under his pro tection, he will stab himself to the heart, and bring upon their heads the guilt of shedding his blood. Such is the veneration in which he is held as a person of celestial origin, and such the horror at being the cause of hie death, that the threat in almost every instance deters them from making the meditated attack, and the party is allowed to pass on Oman lested. The religion of these people consists of little else than adoration of the sun. They invoke this object of their worship before commencing any great undertaking, and if • plundering expedition he successful, a portion of the money stolen is consecrated to the service of religion. The only functions of the priests are to celebrate marriages and fune ral solemnities. They have but one sacred building—a temple—situated near Thum, dedicated to the sun, and containing an image of that luminary. The size of the Kathies is above the average, often exceeding six feet. The women are tall and often handsome; generally speaking, modest, and faithful to their lords. The Kathies have no restrictions of any sort regarding food or drink." 44 VIZIANAORIAL ' JAN. 18, 1847.—1 t is currently reported in this quarter that the major general commanding the divi sion proceeded from Waltair to Berhampore, Rusaulcondah, de., on a tour of reconnoisance on the 16th inst. towards the scene of disturbance in the Geomsoor country, in order it is supposed to enable him to decide the num ber of troops likely to be required in that quarter to force the insurgents into subjection, or for some such cause, as well SS directing their movements personally if requisite; it appears from a private communi cation recently received from that direction, that the insur gents have already committed great damage in burning and destroying various villages, grains, tic. Berhampore is nearly bereft of troops at present, the whele of the 22nd regiment, save two companies (one of which, he grenadier,, are left for the protection of the latter place, the other com pany, with three more of the 41st regimsnt, are placed under the direction of the Collector of Ganjani, for the purpose of protecting the villages on the borders of the disturbed dis trict), are with the agent, Captain McPherson, in Goomsoor, together with five companies of the 50th regiment from Cuttack, as well L 3 local troops, amounting in the aggregate, I am informed, to 1,200 fighting men, or thereabouts; it also appears there has been as yet little or none of actual fighting, although the troops are occasionally fired upon when on the march through the jungles ; the insurgents at times appear in great numbers at a rather respectful distance, and, on per ceiving the slightest inclination on the part of the troops to attack, scamper off through hill and jungle with such celerity of movement, that there is no coming up with them. In one instance, however, there appears to be an exception to the foregoing movements, viz., on the sth inst a party of the insurgents seems to have courted • rencontre by engaging a small detachment of the 22nd Regiment, under command of Lieutenant Dime dale, of that corps, on which occasion there were toss of the insurgents killed, :and eight taken prisoners thin' wars no casualties amongst the troops except two lemadee bokostglag to Lieutenant Pinkney killed, who it awe is Meshed se the agency; however, those active memos, ad , mail to in my last correspondence are hastening So a Was. The 110th regiment from Samulcottab, and 29th r from Secunderabad are expected at this station, the towards the close of this month, and the latter about the middle of the ensuing month, and the 18th regiment from Seetabuldee are said to be at present en route by the short cut through hill and jungle to the disturbed diict, as well as the rifle company of the 36th regiment, who have recently been sent forward to the same quarter from Samnloottah, so that apparently a sufficient force will shortly be available and at the disposal of the Msjor-Oemersl for service in the field." December S 9, 1835, is reroked. Art. 2. The duties on turn and other alimentary *obtuse*, are fired as follow : D. glx &tut The Queen and Prince Albert, accompanied by the Prince of Wales, Prince Alfred, the Princess Royal, the Princess Alice, and the Princess Helena, arrived at Osborne House, Isle of Wight, at two o'clock on Wednesday after noon, front town. The royal suite connoted of the Counter of Charlemont, Lady Caroline Somers Cocks, Major-General Bowles, Lfeut..Col. the lion. C. B. Phipps, Col. the Hon. C. Grey, and Col. Bouverie. Yesterday morning her Majesty and her royal consort took their accustomed early walk in the pleasure-grounds of Osborne House. The royal family went to the sea-beach yesterday forenoon, and took their usual walking and riding exercise. Their RR.HH. the Duke and Duchess of Cam bridge, and his Serene Highness Prince Frederick of Hesse, visited H.R H. the Duchess of Gloucester yesterday, at Gloucester House. A deputation, consisting of the Master Wardens of the Mercers' Company, Mr. George Palmer, M.P., Mr. H. Palmer, and Mr. H. E. Barnes, clerk to the company, had an interview with Sir George Grey yesterday at the Home-oftlos. Mr. Christopher Dunkin Hays h►d an inter view with Earl Grey yesterday at the Colonial-office. Mr. Henry Chard had an interview with the Earl of Clarendon at the Board of Trade yesterday. The Ecclesiastical Commissioners for England had a general meeting yesterday, at their office, in Whitehall- Despatches were received yesterday at the Co'etiol ogies from the Governor of the Cape of Good Hope. The Marquis of Sligo arrived at Farrance's Hotel, Upper Balgrave4treet, yesterday. DEATH OF THE MEMBER FOR CANTERBURY.— Mr. James Bradshaw, one of the members for the city of Canterbury, died, yesterday afternoon, at his resi dence in South-street, Grosvenor-squire, after a painful lints. Mr. Bradshaw's name may no doubt be familiar to the public as principal actor in a some which took place in Canterbury about seven years slam A meeting toot place in the nay, at a time when petty spirit ran high ; the indivi • duals eenmesing it being mrewity opposed to the policy . of Lord Melbonme and his modjutors, who then held the reins of power. In the memo of ea emphatic address, Mr. Brad show, in as ungimdoel moment, let fall an observe d°. is rehroms to her Majesty, which created coo siderable ameadea throughout the country. The matter cum beim the Beam of Commons, in the count of a dionsmisa ea the Asks of Ireland, allusion having been made to some of the mosebes of Mr. O'Connell, as being of a seditious Nature, when that gentleman rose and commented on Mr. Bambisser's coomlnet is no very complimentary terms Mr. Besithew deausilsi himself ; and complained that the mane la imedies hod bee& misinterpreted. Since that oce e g aides he hos bat seldom in the house, generally en- EtZhis deeply by giving his vote. In politica the was a Tory ; strongly opposed to the views at Robert Peel. lie voted against the Reform Bill, the Maywood' Grant Bill, andthe Corn-law Repeal Bill, of last wales. He was a comparatively old member of the house h te l aZ Ma ememmdit, in 1823, for the now disfran chised el Draekivi, which he represented until 1832. He sot der Demi* in the parliament of 1838, and for Can =in doe el 1837. In 1841 he was once more 'a vid' the Hon. Mr. Smythe, after a sharp contest with Mr. Twisiont Hodges. The deceased was son of the 1. lame Boodshaw, of Pomiand-place, by Mies P&Ormel, who ire ame n Roo. d Sir Harry Peyton, Bart. He meadmi, mama yeas awe, the elder Mim Tree, the osiderateil wirmos, eider M Mn. Charles Kean and Mrs. Zombi Chew*, end dot lady attended him up to his lost rawmast. 31r. &midair leaves one daughter, who is married. RULES OF PRACTICE FOR ME COUNTY COURTS IN ENGLAND. These rules, just issued, are comprised in fifty-two clauses, respecting the entering of plaints, serving sum monses. We give an abstract of the most ins portanti—Clause 2 orders, that on entering the plaint, the plaintiff shall, if the rum sought to bo recovered exceed SI., deliver at the office of the clerk as many copies of a statement of the particulars of demand, or Cause of action, as there are defendants, with an additional copy to 6!e: provided always, that in all cases, the judge, in his dis cretion, and on such terms as be mar think fit, may adjourn the Cause at the hearing, for the delivery of a statruaent of particulars or further particulars. 5. The clerk 'hull annex to each summons to be served one of the copies of the Mato , meat of the particulars of the plaintiff's demand Lanished to him pursuant to rule 2, sealed with the seal of the court. 6. Every such summons must be served ten clear daysbefoee the holding of the court at which it shall be returnable. 7. The service. of any summons to appear to • plaint, most be either personal, or by delivering the same to some person at the place of abode, or the place of business of the defend ant. 13. The bailiff who serves a summons to appear to a plaint, shall indorse on a copy of such summons the time end manner of the service thereof, and shall produce such copy, so indorsed, at the court at which such summons shall be returnable, and such copy shall he filed by the clerk of the court. 14. These rules apply to the service of all summonses, judgments, orders, notices, and processes, whatsoever, issuing under the authority of the said act, except where otherwise directed by the said act or any rule under the authority thereof. 15. Where the defendant pays money into court, the same must be paid into court five clear days before the return of the summons. 19. Where a defendant intends to rely on the special de fence of infancy, coverture, the Statute of Limitations, Or his discharge under any statute relating to bankrupts, or any act for the relief of insolvent debtors, he shall give notice is writing to the clerk of the court, fire clear days before the day en which the summons is returnable : pro vided always, that where such notice shall not have been given, the judge, in his discretion, and oa such terms as he shall think fit, may adjourn the hearing of the cause, to enable the defendant to give such notice such number of days before the day to which the hearing may be adjourned, as the judge may think proper. 23. When any order is made for the payment of any debt, damages, coats, or other sum of money by instalments, such instalments shell be payable at the office of the clerk of court, at such periods as the court shall order ; and if no order be made, then the first shall become due at the expiration of one calendar month from the day of making the order, and every successive instalment at like periods of a calendar month from tke day of the previous instalment becoming due. 27. Execution on a judgment is not to issue by or against any person not a party to such suit, without a plaint and summons upon the judgment, the proceedings in which shall be the same as in ordinary cases. 32. The judge shall in each case order what number of witnesses shall be allowed on taxation of costs, the allowance for whore ettendsnee shall be according to the scale in the schedule, unless other ' wise ordered, but is no case to exceed such scale. 36. All costs shell be taxed by the clerk of the court. 37. No warrant of execution or commitment shall be executed after the expiration of two calendar months from the date thereof. 44. The office of the clerk shall be open daily, and the office hours shall be from ten o'clock in the morning until four in the afternoon. 45. At every court, or at such other times as the judge shall require, the high bailiff shall deliver a state ment or return, pursuant to the form in the schedule, of what shall have been done since his last return under every been req uired to e x ecute. process of execution orcommitment, which be shall have SOCIETY OF FRIENDS OF FOREIONEM IN DM TREBS.—The annual meeting of this society, of which the Duke of Wellington is president. was held yesterday, ut the London Tavern—John Labouchere, Esq., presiding. The report reed detailed the proceedings during the past year and acknowledged the support which had been recei v e d from the Royal Family. At the annual dinner, presided user by the Duke of Cambridge, the sum of 1,4111. was col lected. The total receipts during the year amounted to 2,4901. 12s. 6d. The expenditure had exceeded that sum, being 2,6061. In consequence of this balance against them, the oommittee had been compelled to dispose of stock to the amount of 4001. During the pest year, the number of foreigners relieved mu 2,62% making a total, ' since the foundation of the society, of 70,920 ; and 142 had been enabled to return to their homer. There were at present 90 peneinners receiving two shillings a week, and 85 receiving five shillings. The casual relief during the year had amounted to 1,1881. 16e., which included dieburiernents to those who had been enabled to return home. The report was adopted on the motion of the Rey. Mr. Caper ; and hopes were expressed that the society would he in a more prosperous condition next year. The annual subscriptions were then announced from the usual sources, and twe've additional pensioners were elected, which concluded the business. CLERICAL, MEDICAL, AND GENERAL LIFE ASSUR ANCE SOCIETY.—The annual meeting of the directors of this society was held yesterday, at their office in Great Rue oelldttreet, Bloomsbury, to confirm the business despabhed at the extraordinary general meeting held on the 7th of January last, and which was reported in this paper of the Bth of the same month. Further than this, the only business done was the re•election of direeters and auditors. THE RECENT COLLISION ON THE RlVER.—Yester day, a communication was received by the London manner of the London, Leith, and Edinburgh Steam Navigation Company, to which the Royal Victoria steam-ship, that run down the schooner Rose, on Sunday morning, off Hole Haven, belongs, giving some additional particulars, which were adduced et a meeting of the directors at Leith, speci ally called to inquire into the cause of the disaster. Captain hleiklereid, the master of the Royal Victoria steam-ship, stated that he left St, ixatherine's-wharf, London, on Satur day night, at twelve o'clock. The pilot left her at the usual place, Gravesend. He then took the control of the steamer, and on arriving off the creek at Hole Haven, about half a mile from the shore, the accident occurred ; it wee between three and four o'clock on Sunday morning. On nearing Hole Haven he noticed three vessels a-head. One was under canvas, and the other two were at anchor. He wanted togs to the northward between the two at anchor, as he could not get to the southward, the sailing vessel being doee on to him. He was on the bridge, and the carpenter was with him. The second mate, Johnson, was at the helm. It was the carpenter's duty to be on the look out, and Dicluionwas on the bow. The night was clear, and he saw the vessels half a mile off. He would have gone to the southward of the vessels if there had been room, and aka, being unable to ge between the vessel under canvass and those at anchor, he resolved on steering between the latter. He desired the helm to "Port, port," " hard sport." The helm, in consequence of the ebb tide, did not steer well, and he directed the engineer to stop the engines and reverse them, so as to go astern. It was too late, - however, to prevent the collision; the steamer struck the schooner, and in four or five minutes she went down. Some portion of her went under the steamer. He instantly directed a boat to be lowered to save the crew; but it picked up none. He did not see any of the crew. The steamer was brought to an anchor, and for two hours remained near the spot where the R ose went down. It then continued its course to Leith. The captain of the schooner was brought on board the steamer. None of the passengers were alarmed by the accident, excepting those on deck. One of the Royal Vic toria's anchors was torn away. The facts elicited by this inquiry were deemed sufficient to warrant the company in, immediately adopting steps for raising the schooner. 'l'he Whitstable " madmen," however, seemed to have antici pated the company's intentions; for, in the course of yes terday, a number of them were very busy about the wreck, and it is said they will succeed in lifting her. INQUESTS, YESTERDAY.—ST. PANCRAS WORK aomm.—Before Mr. Mills, at the Elephant and Castle, St. Pancras-road, on the body of Richard W. Ward, aged 22, late an inmate of the workhouse. The deceased, who was subject to epileptic fits, slept in a ward with 11 other paupers. Oa Tuesday night he had four fits. At 7 o'clock he was found dead. Mr. Cooper, surgeon, stated that there wasno separate ward for epileptic paupers. The coroner hoped the guardians would not allow any tomato elapse without making such • provision for them. The jury concurred in all the observa tions of the coroner. Verdict, " Natural death."—Tai DAVOS)), or LUCIFER MATCHCS.—III the Middlesex Dios. pital, by Mr. Mills, on the body of Emily Mary Acton, aged 7, the daughter of Mr. Smith, 7, Rathbone-place. The deceased and her brother, 4 years old, were left by them selves • few minutes, while their mother went to market, when the younger child set fire to his sister's clothes with a lucifer match. Her screams brought assistance, but she was No frightfully burned that she only survived a short time. The coroner said that people should be most particularly cautious in putting such matches beyond the reach of chil dren. Verdict, "Accidental death." IRELAND, DUBLIN, MARCH 3. The country papers contain repetitions of destitu tion fever, and morality . The Mayo journals report several deaths, not quite so numerous as in the pre ceding period, but sufficient to excite our committers , tion. Many sale : " How is it that large sums of money are coming as relief, and yet the people are Y' In Clare, deaths from starvation are also ; and " One who is no alarmist," states the mortality in his parish, from starvation, to be 80 per month. As a pendant to this misery he refers to the landlords and their representatives. "In the midst of all these horrors the agent and drivers are as busy as ever, sweeping hill and vale before them. Yesterday I met 40 or 50 skeletons of cows scarcely able to move, driven to pound for the last May rent. On the very farm so swept and cleared of every quadruped, there is scarcely an house that is not la lazeretto. Fever is in every cabin." It may be un just to impute cruelty to the Clare landlords from a single act, not uncoloured, too, by one who rejects alarm, but, from their struggle with Captain Wynne, it is impossible to relieve them altogether from blame. In the last Clare Examiner a meeting is reported, convened by Captain Wynne, for the purpose of sub.. stantiating the charges of abuses on the part of the committee, and supporting the truth of the statements contained in his correspondence. The chairman ad mitted many of the • uses complained of, and de clared that the Captain " had discharged his duty faithfully and well, and had, by his exertions, been the means of preserving vast numbers from dying of starvation." Captain Wynne reiterated his charges against members of the committee who thrust their I