The Express. — London, England, 1857-11-07 00:00:00

H ARMONIUMS -NEW MODEL. UAL; re a. to beigrausir "PM DAILY 1111WBs LONDON 1101111 NO *trirmiat2:l=CrjraVrimer Nat el Y. Miami akar la sas soma bad vale d riae—lelbesew . t: wok usa us do awssi ameasald way. lam& amalles gam sr 1.116,01111011 111111WO 11/ AND Ism r t ri.•.* =eV , 24 , r _ . ../ dom. teen imast riA sags k iel " " nil TIM mon. r ib ~trYrf~ d sir la Ds IMO=; sa as •• la le pm bp maim WO ea a Mama polhigs arms% . 0101 lb. =4. aims amp isaisi So num II pa swim lad .G.M• wag. etc OxioreOtS• TO 0011111OPORDIOITL doodondle braid id "lbs goiddo Wm" " Ili " P M ' w le al Os PM, 10. Illereel64ol4 l olll Tel AllOdi e• 11. id d pabards. Two Flints.., 1711M i ttig 1 f . Derbtrec W. Crulloon. Ass 09.10rm1. l'or m zs.Ormeow 04.2 •ND COI. Mr. Deslianse.—A.l Tam 0 DAILVPIL—Cmmoso• YT. ft . 1 ....... uvisfna rail.-aad 11l ?INPUT. Kr. O. Kim....DeismweasiKKllNKlL seamy. Tsui Fume, TIIIIII.ADT OP !JONI. Mr. Ce... 101: A 1110 II Till HAND WODTII TIC.. 11111 Snail MI Nairn flingiud Chatuar. WI MS I BIOS VAT'S AT LONDON lIILDOI. too Dam-411mial, 116. MYSIO" kNM forimeiraftwft, k fee. - ikkonasa. Oa. MIL LONDON. sarraziar. NOVEMBER 7. 'rim practical lessons derivable from such financial arises as are now disturbing the minds of the fon- Mt races of men are •erions ; bet the mat impor- consequence has suffered more than wider any netene infliction of bad seasons. The inhabitants of 4seja have been kept in a state of suffering and allita by the enormous price of the kit memutries of Rider an unequalled length of time. Reef and mutton having been from a shilling to twenty-pence • pound, there has been an agitation in favour of horseflesh , as an article of diet—the costliest of all meats in the long run, whatever may be thought of the relish of it. As for breed, ruinous fluctuations suc ceed one another. An ordinance about the price of the loaf ruins the bakers; then the bakers are to be guaranteed and compensated by the State; and this compensation comes out of the people's pockets, costing them more than the higher price of bread would hare done, in proportion to the number of hands it has passed through, and the way it has gone round. When witnessing the popular suffering from dear bread, the E‘trzaos forbids the exportation of food products, and then down comes the agricultural interest: the farmers deprecate him, and the prohi bition is taken off again. Meantime, the Americans and others have been acting on the prohibition, and preparing to supply the deficiency of French ex ports, and the repeal throws everything into centu rion again. We will say nothing now of the in *Amity of French farming,becalue there are striking evidences that this is to be remedied, as far as study and pains will go. Recent agricultural congresses show meted arr. Tke performanse of divine`servise in Exefer-ha presents itself to him intho light of the first step in the process of Caossronianising the Church of England. It is impowalho to contemplate the attitude assumed by the Rev. Mr. EDOUAIT without laughing; but the laugh instantly subsides into a deep sense of melancholy and humiliation. Here is a man professedly devoted to the propaga tion of Christianity doing his little utmost to impede its progress. What his motives may be are known only to himself and the Searcher of Hearts. But worthy of a Christian clergyman they cannot be. Be it an anti-Christian spirit of ritualism, or a pent _ fogging pertinacity in &alerting a legal right accord ing to the mere letter of the law,that animates him— in either case his conduct can only make earnest men grieve, and triflers laugh the laugh of scorn. the desire of the French cultivators to improve, and there is oo doubt that they will do so, as far as bad laws and custom permit. They seem to have found the remedy for the rape disease which boa so long and so severely afflicted their vineyards ; and they will probably conquer the silkworm or mul berry disease by similar patience and skill. They must bar out their flood., cost what it may. They have the science and the ingenuity for such an en terprise ; and if they will apply to it some of the capital they have been flinging about in wild @peen lations, they will soon repay themselves, and reap rich harvests, literally and metaphorically, from the atitlay. But just when these tasks require their whale attention and resources, they are perpetrating tie smelt deadly mischief in Africa—crating a ruin were grievous than if they were cutting their own sluices, and inciting their great rivers to inundate whole provinces a week before harvest. We have said that to promote the growth of cotton and other southern products is to increase the food supply of the world, both immediately by leaving food pro duction to the laws of nature, and indirectly by dis couraging an institution wbich has starved every country in which it has existed long enough to finish its deadly work. The French Eurertoa is now neatly 'putting • atop to the production of cotton and other natural African growths, and by the same act renewing and stimulating the cane of Slave hunts and the Slave Trade over a wide region where better things had been established. If blessings wait on the man who makes two can of wheat grow where one grew be fore, what curses will not be visited on him who em ploys his imperial power in abolishing human food— turning cheerful industry into savage barbarism, and committing reckless murder, by bloodshed or the one hind and hunger on the other? What the French have to do is to insist on free trade and free !cheer, at home, in their colonies, and wherever their influence extend'. As long as they have a sovereign who presumes to inerrule nature, and to set up his notions against her laws, and who lays waste a continent for the mistaken interest of an island or two —they an never flourish. Hunger will haunt their streets and poverty crouch by their way-sides ; and tropical curses will make a long flight to roost in the chilly places where their paupers huddle under the wintry snows. What is there for as to do ? A good deal yet, though we hare all but freed our trade in grain. We have something more to do, in admitting wine and dairy-produce free, and in removing the small remaining duty on the importation of grain. We bare to look to our floods too, though our inundations are small in comparison with those of many other countries. We see at this moment how the seedtime of this autumn is spoiled over a wide area of flooded soil ; and we all know in our hearts that such destruction might be saved by such a 'yeti= of arterial drainage as we elan accomplish whenever we choose. We bars to expand and perfect our fisheries, by which a prodi gious augmentation of the supply of human food would be at once secured. And we hare India to develop, procuring thence such supplies of cotton, silk, sugar, and half-hundred other articles—to say nothing of grain—es would set fret broad territories for the production of all the main articles of hont•n food. When we and our neighbours are wise enough to induce the cultivation of all products in their natural places, and therefore to desire none but the free labour of the locality of each ; and when we are obedient enough to nature's law., to let all men buy and sell according to their needs, hunger will be rare in our poorest dwellings, and general bank ruptcy will be no more feared than the falling sick- MPS or an invasion of the Danes. taut art the mint simple. Men should employ their indastry and knowledge in creating the largest sup ply of food, and their good sense in giving to such products the freest and widest distribution. A plentiful and accessible supply of human food is the fundamental condition of economic welfare for in dividuals and nations, and groups of nations; and this condition being duly attended to, men and nations may defy fortune in the shape of commercial eieireitudes. Common-place as this truth may appear, it has to be repented from time to time, sot oily r as rerrapar t to sufferers from a general monetary derangement, but as • lesson to mans rulers, tiespoic and popular, who are apt to imagine that they need no teaching ►t all in their function of governing. At the present time, for instance, what is the state of the civilised world in regard to the production and distribution of food Looking first to the headquarters of financial difficulty, how do matters stand in the United State, ' There has been such • harvest this year, we are told, as never was known before. Between the productiveness of some region,' and the broader Bovine of others, " bread-stuffs" abound beyond all former experience, while roots and fruits are es plentiful in proportion. Vet there are literally millions of people in the country who find it difficult to get food for the day. la the West, the barns arc bursting-full, and stacks are like villages on the prairie; while, in the eastern town,. the work-people are thronging the streets, hungry and enable to obtain work, or means of buying out of the dear markets. Moreover, the ruined met , e.hants and the embarreseed public are saying that their trouble comes from the West—that if the agricultural riticens in the great western %alleys sad plains would pay their creditors along the sea- board, the crisis sever would have happened. or would have been at once relieved. How should this be? It is partly because the means of transporting bulky produce are as yet inadequate ; an evil which would soon have been remedied by the completion of several railroads and other public works but for the crash which has broken them up. But the state of indebtedness" of the West is much more owing to the protective policy so dear to the mer cantile comtnucity of the North. Under the miserable mistake that young countries and new induatrial establishments require protection, the representatives of the Northern States there destroyed the balance between different methods of indoetry, and compelled the western farmers to pay high for manufactured articles, while sustaining also the disadvantages of a deranged foreign commerce. If trade had been free from the time the great !Cs- simippi valley was opened, there would have been • regular circulation of food, manufactured commodi . . ties, and money, each finding their way when they were mast wanted. As it is, the commercial States have chosen to derange other interests for the sake of their manufactures ; and they are now diomisaing their workpeople by thousands, and unable to re cover their debts from the West because they have driven the produce to other markets, and are wit nessing the breaking up of the lines of transit in which vast amounts of money lie buried, while the profitable result is indefinitely postponed. Another great American folly need be merely glanced at, the sacrifice of the production of food to the supposed interests of slavery. There is hardly a scnool in the United States in which the pupils do not read of the increasing scarcity of grain and dearness of bread in old Rome in proportion to the spread of slavery ; and there ought not to be a household in the States una ware of the way in which the cotton, tobacco, and sugar products of the Slave States are overtaken year by year, and likely to be altogether swamped, sooner or later, by the grain, live stock, hay, and dairy products of the Free States. In the interval, the costly protection given to Slave labour, by the sacrifice of all material, political, and moral interests to it for above half a century, has incalculably damaged not only the welfare of the republic, but also that of the working-claws of foreign ermatries, by restricting the supply of food and the natural expan sion of commerce. The remedy is clear. Leaving the Americans to take care of their own interests, nations who trade with then should 11•11Mlife tims production of cotton and other 81avelassra pradosas wherever they will grow easily and laterally by means of free Lebow. It is clearly ascertained that cotton can be beat grown by not only free, but whits labour in the United States; and there are plenty of cotton-fields on other continents, sad =say at the islands of the w orld, where the cansdity ass to procured so ahundantly aa to allow American Nil be be devoted to fond production where that sort et tillage is found to answer best. Tut Services for the working classes, in Exeter hall, under the sanction of the Bishop of Lom Dos, have been interdicted by the Incumbent of the Pariah, the Rev. Mr. EDOCART. A notice, for bidding the Services of Sunday next, was served yesterday by the reverend gentleman, and the course remains suspended until a judgment of the courts of law shall have been pronounced. The policy of Mr. EDOCART is far too pro found to be fathomed by mere laymen. That a clergyman should disapprove of the gospel being preached to the poor as widely u possible appears unaccountable. Mr. EDOUART has not even the flimsy excuse that he fears the Services in Exeter hall might be perverted into means of disseminating heresy and schism, for more than one of the most respected prelates of hie church, his own diocesan among the number, take part in them. Thus much alone is certain, that Mr. EDOVART claims a mono poly of the right of preaching, not only in his own church but in his own parish. The law, he says, gives him an estate in fee simple in the souls of his parishioners, and no one, without incurring the penalties of the law, shall presume to cultivate any part of them without his licence. Mr. EDOVART is the my Mr. Legality of the "Pilgrim's Progress." Like FICLDIMO'4 Mrs. Slipslop, he appears to deem it profanity to speak of the Bible except in Church. The "village HAMPDEN "of Glitti has found an anti•type in this parochial Tnou.es A' Becxgrr, who, in his seal for the rights of Incumbents, • with dauntless breast' bids defiance to • Turning from America to Europe—what ia Fruits doing in regard to the fundamental cooditism d national welfare ? There is scarcely a country in the world where the affair is worm seamed. se where the people suffer more terribly hi sow queues. In the way of grain, meat, mar, trim. and other testing products, nothing is aiksired take its wand course. Artificial prices are dome. without regard to practicable conditions{ and pe trol nil and general embarrassment are the Itraotra lik ecaocrieneer. AU that man can do the Ex ec-sea hos done in the way of decree bow lance shall be paid fur the loaf sad the joint ; and everybody is whole band of prelates and peers, whom Rte look' upon en poachers in his preserve. He will set allow them to " bag" a single soul on his spiritual manor. Like the Archangel in " Paradise Lost," be steads at the portal of his Eden, brandishing a " astise," iastead of a flaming sword, to keep afar schimmatice in ermine and lawn sleeves. At the time Oda Restoration, a Scotch J'imbyterian clergyman, &pitted by the General Assembly to 'meet the rights of the established Kirk at Court, availed himself of the opportunity to obtain episcopal ordination, and returned an Archbishop to Scotland. Mr. EPOCART apparently fears that the Scotch Bishop of London sautemplates an analogous act of treachery in an in- TEE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 7;* CU Court. WINDSOR, Nor. 6. The Queen walked and drove in the Park peter. day atintoon, and visited the Duchess of Rest at Frogman). 'rho Prince Consort atcompanied her Majesty. Her Majesty's dinner party in the evening included the Bucher of Kent, the Prince of Wales, the Princess Royal, Prince Victor of Bohmlotto, the Earl and Countess Gran ville, Lady Augusta Btace, the Bon. Mrs. Biddulph, and Mr. Gibbs. . . The band of the Royal Horne Guard" attended In the NAY and played during dinner the Overture, introduction, end Chorus, Hymn to Bacchna (Antigone) Mendeloolin. Value—" Llowinka Waage" OungL esiectioe—" La Dame Blanche" Pollts—" Rose of the Valley " Her Majesty's private band afterwards performed in the inemisi the following 'election: Overture—" Egmont" Beethoven. flalections—'• Euryanthe " Weber. Facteltans Maymbeer. The Queen and Prince Conjort, &communed by the Mama Royal, rode on horseback this morning, attended by the Hon. Emily Cathcart, Lord Cu:attorney and the Equerries in Waiting. The Prince of Wales went to London, attended by Mr. Gibbs. The Duchess of Kent, attended by Lady Augusta Braes and Sir George Cooper, arrived at Clarence-hour, St lime's, yesterday morning. Her Royal Highness returnsd to Programa in the afternoon. Despatches were sent from the Colonial-office yesterday to the Governors of the North• American Provinces sad the Governor of Bermuda. Lord Chamberlain's 001os, Nov. 8, 1867. Notice is hereby sivm., that the state apartments at Wind or Castle will be closed from this day until further orders. (TROY LAST 11101 IT'S GAZE/110 WINDSOR, Nov. 4.—Her Msjesty having been *seed to appoint the Right Monoursble Henry John, Karl of Lucie, to be Lord Lieutenant of and in the county of Glows.ster, the city of Bristol, and county of the same, and thu city of Gloucester sad county of the Lame and Cast. Itotulorum of the county of Gloucester, his same, this day took the oaths appointed to be taken thereupon, instead of the oaths of alltvianoe and supremacy. WlNDsott, /sirs. 4.—This day, upon the repre sentation of the Right Honourable the Lords of the Commit. tee of Council on Education, her Majesty wee pleased to appoint the Reverend John David Giant. junior, M.A., of Christ's College. Cambridge, secretary and inspector to the London Diocesan Board of Education, and the Reverend Robert Temple, M.A., perpetual curate of Lochs-nun- Saltney, in the county of Chester, to be two of her Majesty's ansistant-inspectors of schools. WHITEHALL, Nov. 6. The Queen ham been pleased to grant unto Henry Wentworth Arland, M.D., the office and place of Professor of Physic, in the UniLer a tl of Oxford, in the mumof James Ailey Ogle, M.D., de WINDOOE, Nov. 4.—lt is this day ordered by her Majesty in Council that all the prohibitions and reetridkos now subsist* under the Order in Council of the 27th day of August, 11357, on the importation or introduction into the United Kingdom from certain places in or upon the Gulf of Finland or the Baltic Sea, of such horns, hoofs, bonee, and raw or wet hides or skins of cattle, bay, straw, fodder, titter, and manure as in the said teat-mentioned order mentiemot, shall, on and after the date of this present order, C 4960 and determine. And the Right Hon. the Lords Commissioners of her Majesty's Treasury are to give the necessary directions herein acconiutgly.—Ww. L. BAritttier. Maria Marchioness of Ailosbry hr , al.:103 at Claridge's Hotel Irma a too r of visits. The Countess Itenibinski and fatn;ly have left the Brnassick Hotel for Ostend. Sir Francis and Lady Scott have r -rived at CUM/Ws Hotel from Great Barr Hall, Birmingham. We (Post) understand a matrimonial alliance is arranged to take place between the Lady Agnes Graham, eldest daughter of the Duke of Montrose, and Mr. Daven port, of Capes Thorne, in the county of Chester. Mr. Davenport, it will be remembered, is eon of the present Lady Hatherton. A marriage is also about to Lake place between Count Wilhelm von Zeppelin (brother of Count LOWS von Zeppelin, Chamberlain of the King of Wurternburg), end Manila Enacts, eldest daughter of the lion. John Remy end Lady Mabella Knox. Count Orloff, son of the well-known Russian diplomatist, who took part in the conferences of Farts, end who is now le France, is about to matey Medlin Katinks de Troutetzkoi, youngest daughter of the prince of that name, sow residing near Fontainebleau. Count Orloff is a captain is the Ituasian army, and was seriously wounded diming the campaign in the Crams. The Saturday concerts at the Crystal Palace were rammed thia day, in the music room adjoining the Central Transept. Mr. E. M. Ward's noble picture of " Alice Lisle," painted in fresco fur the corridor of the Howe of Commons, will be hung in its place neat week. The annual meeting of the Bath and West of England Agricultural Society is fixed to take place in Cardiff on the 2nd, ltd, and 4th of June, 1848. The ball given annually by the members of the Yorkshire Union Hunt Club, which ranks amongst the most splendid wattling:manta witnessed in the provinces, will tako place in the Greet Amenably and Cowart Rooms, Talk, on Wednesday next, the 11th nut VACANCIES, APPOINTMENTS, AND PROMOTIONS IN lax CIVIL Santee.—T4 Board of Trade: llama W. C. Monkhouse sad Jentmett Browse have hem appointed junior supplementary Clerks. Canaan Mr. Lakes Res axle Ina been sppointsd a searcher at Liverpool ; Mr. Ed ward J. Chevalier tom hen appointed a searcher at Man chester; Mr. brae Harris has teen promoted from second to first-clam weigher at Liverpool; Mr. A. K. Apperson has been promoted from third to second-clam weigher at Liver pool ; Mr. 'Brry Brown has been promoted from fourth to third clerk at Glasgow. Inland Revenue Department, Stamps end Tau. Branch t Mr. John Althea has been appointed • rortiruiftsionrr of mewed sad property taxes fur Brighton, in the room of Mr. Thomas Freeman, deceased. Excise Branch Mr. R. Anderson, supervisor of Fort Augustus Collecting District, has been appointed to Perth district, vice Leslie, retired; Mr. John B. Archer, examinee, has been appointed supervisor of Fort Augusto; vice Anderson; Mr. James L. Acklam, eupervisor of Petsralleld district, has been appointed to Chichester district, view Taylor, retired. Canada Mr. Andrew Rummell ham bean appointed assistant commissioner of mown lands; Mr. Robert Doerhetto has been epp6nted deputy surveyor-general of and for the pro vince of Canada ' Mr. Adolphe Montreuil, of Montreal, has teen appointed a landing-warier and searcher in her Majesty's Cusionn.—eleil Sr' ma Gazette. COMMERCIAL INTERCOVIO , E WITTISOCITI AFRICA. —A deputation from the Britieb Amociation for the Advance ment of Science had en interview a ith Lord Clarendon on Thursday, to represent to the gore, nment the importance of sending a vmd to survey the entrance to the Zambesi river, in South Africa, and to amend the river as far al practicable for navigation. The deputation consiated of the Preeident, the Rev. Dr. Ll.loMyyd, the Rev. Dr. Robinson of Armagh, Sir Roderick Marchieon, Mr. Macgregor Laird, and General Sabine, eooompanffeedd by Dr. Livingstone. Lord Clarendon also received memorials. presented by Lord Godenicit and Major-Gen. Thompson, M.P., from the Loads and Bradford Chambers of Commerce, on the subject of commercial inter arms with the regions explored by Dr. Livingston.. AMERICAS ADVF.P.TISINO.—A new book by the *Am of [not to help the advertisement) is thus an atinaced in the current number to hand of the American PrilisArei Csrciskrr (large type and capitals omitted) i• The mad stupendous work Mere the Flood, 3,421,918,616 espies sassed in advance—publication necessarily Jpostponed mitll twelve o'cloik, am. Monday, Sept. 8. 1957. With prohnad emotion the publishers announce that the over whining number of orders (the raising the mosey to pay d i e on which has undoubtedly created the present panto Is moneyed circles) dread) , received for their new book sheeinisly compels the postponement for a century of Its publication. bleanwhilo they beg to moue the public that they are sparing no pains to insure • full supply at that time, however largo may be the demand. They have con tracted for the immediate budding of 60,000-power primes! and hare eIL dud a lease of the well-known Niagara Falk, to furnish power for running them. By working these thirty-sin hours • day, not 'Aprils* Sundays, sad I. 4 " eirOf July's' (this being evidently a ems of astessity), they hops, sitesitettime • century's sloe, to ks p cep what the deamad."—Mtliedars • Omew. ME. MURRAY'S TRADE 81Lff..—This ask, ebb& leek place ea Teaselay last—the opening fact piths am lir rag earesta--ceme off with sneer Ofconnisthagematmail was the Llvtogeoniad—reviswed in our °peeing pages—Mis outer:rialtos to which exceeds, with our exception, that et any work of high and eapeneivechwe published of late yam The trade sale was 13.800. Among the other sales wow 1,200 copies of Lord Dufferin's Yacht Voyage.-1,460 of Smilee• Lite of Stephenson, -1,600 of Blunt on the Fades% —4OO et Croke?' Essays, -dOO of Waitron', new volume ea Art,-600 of Birch's Ancient Pottery,-800 of Somerville* Physical Geography.-3,000 of King Edward the girdles Leila Orignmar,.-4300 of Markham's England,-6,000 Little Arthur's Eaglend,-800 of Jamie Alsop.-1,300 Madera Domes* Ca.kery,-600 of Paris's Phikeopley is Spc(4-1.200 of Battles Leda Dietionary,—and 1,600 of Jidda d.re Rosa Seth • Saha speaks well the paned, of the orals IMEIIIe-AFAMMIRMI. rill atss LW THE Bezrr RATS OF DISCOUNT. (From the Economist.) The knowledge for some days past that, notwith- I draffing the high rate to which the Bar% hid nisei the rate of diexmat, balks has still been Irving this country both for the Continent and the United States ; the somewhat lass larawable amend which the last snivels from Amerna have heeled ; the feet that in mate places on the Continent, sad arpottally at Homburg, the isle of discount had reached nine par cane ; and the certainty that at heat for some time to come the drain of silver to the East, producing indirectly • demand for gold here, would continue unabated, had pre pared the public for the Bother fne of one per cent. which was made on Thursday in the minimum rate of Bank dis count ; and which now stands at eins per rent. The highest rate ever before known in modern times was eight per cant., at which it stood for four weeks, from the 23rd of October, 1847, until the 20th of November, when it was reduced to seven per cant. In that year, through the whole of the months of August and September, and up to the middle of October, the rate of discount was only 64 per cent. : and when it is remembered how much more se vere was the pressure at that time than now, and how much more dee :mental and destructive to private into ner we have • striking example of the fact that It is not a high rate of interest that creaks panics and distrust, though it may arise out of them, There is no more reason why • We of discount of nine per cent. should derange &trade other wise IMO, however it may for the time somewhat diminish W profits, than there is why a very high price of grain for a sera should ruin • nation others lee wealthy, though it may somewhat reduce that wealth. Both moat equally be regarded as an exceptional state of things, as dila less or more to be suffered, but not to be evaded by any tampering with the laws of free supply and demsad, without the great est risk, nay the certainty, of aggravating than. We ere glad to see that the money-dealers in Lombard stn' sad the joint-stock banks, who have assumed the im portant position of holders of the spare Hosting capital of the country seeking employment, and who have thus become the agents between the portion of the public who are lenders and the portion who are borrowers, have acted promptly, sad have come to the resolution of allowing 8 per cant. for "scary at call." This step is much more important than at first sight may be apparent. A rise in the rate of discount leads to a (*ll in thy price of securities . —anti a fail is the prim of . securities affords • new inducement for persons whose mosey is lying "se tall" and available fur trade purpose. to withdraw it sad invest it in securities. We have heard much of late of ths public being free buyers of Commas. But aa it randy happens that any mousy is actually held in pate hoards in this country, tent is either plead with bankers or with money dealers, the percher of escuritice means the withdrawal from those channels of temporary investment. It is true, that the mere purchase of sectudire .barbs no capital in the &at instance. If lbws is • buyer who rye kis money, there also a seller who receives We money, end, so ter, the tact upon the way market should be lief But at tines like the parent It freqnsalhe that the seller of estatities menthe with a clew to his capital aimed, either to mod the demands of eats, or neon frequently to profit by investment ea favourable WM, in fortis.. stocks. In that rue the indirect effect of the = withdrawing their money from bankers end money in order to invest in Consols, is to enable sales to r node here for the purpose of investment abruad—tramme tioaa which lead directly to an export of gold. The truly legitimate check which can be put upon such operations, few in themselves is that the vnducement to continua to keep money in the hands of bankers and money-dealers should be enaintatned by a rate of interest proporeonata to the real valued money in the market. We believe it would be very difficult to estimate the MI advantage which the orrontry has dental from its comparatively new practice of allowing • rare of interest on "men" of all" Ractuding with, but always closely apprommating to, the beak rats. By it large manes of capital •re retained in craned of urea which would otherwise, and especially at such moments as the preeeat, soa o ensinent investments in fixed secutities at rasa or abr The old fallacy is again revived, as it elways 1a at such momenta, of • further issue of paper money. This fallacy might ere now have worn Walt out, but for the unhappy ' encouragement given by the unsound theory upon eloch the Bank Act of 1844 attempted to base • mend rete of prac tice kr the Bank to follow. Every one whma opinion is worth anything, now admits that the Bank has no power to Increase On circulation of notes, so long as they are redeem able in gold —the strongest reenter of the art of 1844 tell es, and tell us truly, that if the Beak had the free power of rue at this moment, they could not Increase the direr lion of paper by a single five-poun d note. An evening con temporary says, and says truly :—" If the Bank of England woe persuaded to extend its rues instead of rinsing its rate of discount, what would be the effect ? Not • single rive pound note the more would there be in the country. The only differaeoe would be that the gold would go out of the Went, to Europe and America, with an increasing impetus." Now,this is no doubt perfectly true. But then lithe Beek can not increase the circulation, what is the value of the restriction upon which the whole theory rap? It cannot be said that it is in order to prevent the exporte rs of gold, because the Bank is left With fall dieastima to demount as much paper as it please., and at whatever rate It pleases, end thus to place bullion at the command of exporters to any extent it pleases. In these inuardions it has only the discretion of the directors to park, and that that discretion has been exercised for the pablie benefit no one will deny. Bat how has this been .e f By the only true method of certeadag advwue an athema., and preventing an undue abstraction of corbel, — raising its price so as to take away the istheessent b spat. Agreeing se much ea we do, with the grant objects of tree who framed the ad of 1844, we cannot bet regret that the theory adopted is so much calculated to give an Im— portance to Bank notes which they do not possess, sad thus to socourage the dangerous fellacy, that • promote for capital can be aleriated by additional issues of paper. Any one who is acquainted with the operations of the Bank of Englend, must know that an enormous amount of notes flow od every day, but flow back again In the shape of deposits of bankers or others ; sad it must be plain to the com monest *teener that if the transactions of the country Teally o muired more than ore at present in c i rculation, that additi quantity would be retuned by the public to whom they are advanced: What is really wanted at such • time as the present is Wise, and not raper. Of what service would Bank notes In to than who wish to make payments in New York or on the tleatinest, except that they could exchange them for gold f But if the Bank la prepared to put with its gold on that will snit the remitter, it eon am well be obtained diord, without the intervention of Bea totes; and to that the law offer, no impediment. We Is not deny, on the con trary we here often urged, the great *tourney which might be effected in the circulation of the country by well secured notes of a lower denomination. Sorb DONS would perform the same !service as ie now done by gold, and whatever extent they could be usefully and safely introduced, bullion would be economised, and rendered effective r capitol for all the pmyaes of trade abroad and at home. But let it never be Icat eight of, that at this moment the rirUcell which Is really going on is one between diffivent countries for the poratessaa of the precious metals, in order to lids over a penal when the usual channels of credit are deranged by extraordinary and temporary events. That this coantry is intrinsically better off ea regards Its obliga tions and financial position than mimed any other, we bolter there can be no doubt ; end the real question fee tut to de ten:nese is this—shall we allow others, In order to aid their ertoessilits, to outbid us in oar awn market for our own money, and permit ourselves to be drained until one com merce is placed m the seine jeopardy and danger as that of some other countries which have been less prudent or lase fortunate than ourselves The dream which has already been placed upon the bank, even at the high rated discount now charged, is best *Mown by the fact that the advance. upon private eduritim Dave Jammed in eleven days by the large sum of 2,089,1971. THE k3W ABRAM BILL. The Leader lap that • new Reform Bill was 'tweed" the other night at the Core-hoer. bill la saluted to be the result of a coutereece of per- ' bamentary reformers held is June het at the Kteee Arms, Palace-yard, Weremieeter, under the presidency r4Mr. Rcs beelioned to herr been moulded tribal:tape by • committee wbo have communicated with all sections of litrale throughout the °marry. The Leader, after tavetchase egoiest the made et pump up No outpubsaive wad important • measure as reform, in bobs sad serates, Aware It is not • bad bill. It asks • bray admits of die infringe aa .11 occupeate, °weer% or tiasats, In part or whole, of promisee reed for the i. if of the pear; It establishes the prime* of secret intim oa lbs ;Y reels. tributes the ocestitaerieles, as as to siva atop owe siatathes to • easjori of electors ;it abolishes UN property laelilloaticas for ; sad it calls • Dew parliament weer Om risas." EXPRESS FROM PARIS. (71011 OVZ OWN PARIS, FRIDAY EVEXINO. Contrary to general expectation, the Bank of France has not raised its discount. It remains at n per cent., while the Bsnk of England charges 9 per cent. The directors had a very long sitting to day, in which it was finally resolved that, considering the great perturbation in French commercial affairs already produced by the unpretedentedly high rate of 71 per cent, it was desirable, instead of following in the wake of the Bank of England any further, to devise other means to protect the coffers of the Bank of France. What these means are to be has not tram, pived, and in all probability the Bank directors have not yet made up their minds upon the subject, but there is a ve:y strong impression abroad that a tem porary tax will be decreed upon the exportation of the precious ;metals. _ As much as 20 per cent, duty is talked of. The operations of the Bourse today were entirely governed by the reports of the deliberations of the Bank of France. The absence of any notification, of a rise in the discount, gave confidence in the morning. When later it wee heard that the council of the bank was sitting, fears were entertained that they might yet make the augmentation before the day was out, and the Rents gave way in conse quence. Before the close of business it was known that the council had broken up without making any change, and then all securities became very buoyant. The bullion is understood to have increased still further, and the number of bills presented for discount to-day, was much less than had been anticipated. The Rento rose 6e. for account, closing at 67fr. 5c., and feU 10c. for cash, closing at 66tr. 70c. Mobilier rose 2fr. 50c. The railways were from 2fr. 60c. to sfr. lower. _ _ The Petrie, in a paragraph, meant to be regarded as semi-official, announces that the government, out of regard to the petitions of several chambers of ommerce, is taking into serious consideration the propriety of altering the usury laws. The question of the abolition of the butchers' mo nopoly, which has long been upon the tapir, has ad vanced a stage. A decree for throwin open the trade, whichlhas been approved of by the Council of State, is now before the Municipal Council for con sideration. The opponents of the measure have now very little confidence Sp their arguments. 1 am very sorry to say that M. Nearer, the able redaeleur•en-ehef of the Preue, has resigned his post, and will cease to conduct that journal after Dec. lb. The interference of a member of the imperial family with the management of the journal is the cause of this regrettable event. Few men have of late years rendered more solid services to the liberal cause than M. Nefftzer. Although prevented by the state of the law from making free use of his pen, he contrived in his bulletin du four to group the facts of the day in such a manner as infallibly to suggest to the reader ideas which might not be uttered. Many of his queries, italics, and breaks in paragraphs, were more eloquent than the most elaborate leading articles. There is some hope that his future services may be secored for the Very many of your readers will feel sincere regret at learning that Mr. Byron, the esteemed landlord of the English tavern in the Rue Favart, died yesterday. It is, I believe, more than thirty years ago since he first introduced to the l'ivisian public a genuine sirloin of roast beef ; and what was a still greater novelty and a thing which I have never to this day seen in France, except at his hone—a properly-salted boiled round. His table d'hôte was celebrated. He unswervingly kept up the English traditions of plain roost and boiled, disdaining all kickehaws. His house was not only frequented by the English commercial classes, but by many Frenchmen of distinction, who are entirely indebted to his cuisine for their ideas of English living. A good soup, three joints in succession, vegetables, pudding, cheese, and a pint of porter, all for fifty sous, was the invariable bill of fare, except on Christmas-day, when a cod's bead and shoulder,, with oyster sauce, turkeys, and mice pies, were superadded without any extra charge. Frenchmen were wont to nurse their appetites for poor Byron's dinners, at any ono of which they would consume more solid meat than they do habitually in a week. GERMANY. It has been already mentioned that a conference was about to meet at Frankfort of delegates of the German banks. The establishments to be represented on that occasion were those of Darmstadt,Hamburg, Meiningen, I.axembourg, Gotha, Thuringen, Hom bourg, Buckelburg, and Rostock. The conference, which was presided over by Prince Felix de Hohen lobe, endeavoured to find out guarantees calculated to reassure the public as to their stability. The delegates decided that the notes issued should be covered by one-third in specie and two-thirds in good bills with three signatures ; also, that as official return should be published at least once a month, that a mutual control should be exercised by the several establishments, and that the govern ments should be invited to take part in such control. A statement to the above effect is to be presented to the Zollverein. THE TWO SICILIES. (1,101 001 OWN COI.IISPONDENT.) NAPLES, Ocr. 31. I bad hoped to have given you a complete report of the trial of the men arrested on suspicion of having murdered poor Mr. Blandford last spring, but another delay has prevented my doing so. It came on last Friday, and continued during the Satur day, when it was put off till Wednesday. Since then it has again been deferred till the 6th of November, as the medical men allege that they cannot attend on Wednesday. I must therefore give you a report of it u far as it has goue. Two men are under arrest, a third is not forthcoming ; and though both bear abed character, and one is sufficiently bad looking to justify any . saspicion, I scarcely think that the legal evidence is sufficiently strong to convict them. On their being charged with the crime, and on the depositions being read over to them, the youngest rose in a state of great excite mentto say that his deposition was false, because compulsory. He had been arrested for having stolen a watch, which offence he admitted, and by dint of " legnate," he had been com pelled to incriminate himself in this affair of Blandford. How far this may be true or false it is impossible to say, but at least the assertion of the man throws much light on the system which I have Rom time to time exposed as being adopted by the police. The bad character of the men is sufficiently attested by their having called as witnesses to cha racter three of their fellow-prisoners condemned to various degrees of punishment for murder. Two of these perjured themselves. Mr. Roskilly, an English medical practitioner, resident in Naples, gave his evidence as to the cause of death, which arose from the body having been stamped on. He also stated that during his Muse Blandford declared that he had given one of the men who attacked him a blow on the mouth ; sad toe of the prisoners at the time of his arrest had a severe swelling upon the lip. It is the general feeling, however, that the evidence is far from being strong enough to convict them, and the Neapolitans assert that these are not the men who committed the murder. I think the trial is conducted with considerable impartiality, though it is evident that there is some degree of feeling against men of such notoriously bad character. The case has excited considerable interest amongst the Eng lish, and Mr. Barber ' the British acting consul, has been each day in court on the judicial bench. The trial of the Sapri prisoners makes no appa rent progress, though an important fact I have to communicate, which is, that 11 of the crew of the Cagliari were released as innocent, and left for Genoa last Wednesday, the 28th inat. Four months have they been imprisoned, a severe punishment for many offences. Eighteen more of the crew, amongst whom are the two Englishmen, yet remain in con finement, and these will, I believe, be brought to trial. Another trial will be that of the men who landed, and endeavoured to make their way into the coun try. The neighbouring provinces have been swept of all suspicious persons, and we know that trifles light as air generate suspicion in a country where the expression of all sentiment is forbidden, so that the original number of those accused of participa tion in the affair of Sapri has increased vastly. When they will be brought to trial, heaven only knows. We all know the system adopted here. Many will lie in prison without ever being brought to trial ; some will be dismissed after many months of suffering, and some will lie forgotten. But the Neapolitan government does not court the publicity which a trial gives in political cases, where awkward and damaging truths are elicited which disturb its repose, so that it is a rare thing to hear of • political trial coming on, though one hears much of the pre vious arrangements. Vesuvius is again comparatively tranquil, after a magnificent eruption which took place last week. The concussion of the mountain was felt even in Naples. The Prince de Joinville is said to have been in some little danger during a recent descent, from the falling stones. NAPLES, Oc-r. 31. Since writing my first letter I have been informed of the following additional details regarding the de cision of the Grand Criminal Court of Palermo. In their proces-verbal the names of Raffaele Rabattari, the proprietor of the Cagliari, of the captain and all the crew, are given. The cou rt: reserves to itself the right of pronouncing judgment on Rabattari and the company, in their absence, at some future time. It liberates eleven of the crew, retaining, however, all the papers affecting their case in the archives of the court. Eighteen more of the crew are ke"t under arrest by the unanimous consent of the judges, but the two Englishmen are not mentioned in the document. The omission is singular enough. Appli cation has been made again by Mr. Acting-Consul Barber, by express order of Lord Clarendon, to see them, but it has been refused as contrary to the Neapolitan law. In what condition, therefore, our unfortunate countrymen are is quite uncertain, though I believe I may assert that the reports re garding the state of mind of one of them are quite true. On the 27th inst. the effects of the captain of the Cagliari were given up to him by order of the court, and an act was drawn up as verbose and as compli cated as though intended for the consignment of a kingdom. Judge of the shifts to which the Neapo litan government is driven, when I state that the articles that have now been detained for four months comprise six shirts, two pair of black pantaloons, two flannel waistcoats (the others not to be found), six pair stockings, five silk handkerchiefs, one black silk cravat , two white waistcoats, and two cassimere ditto, one cloth cap, leather hat case, with one white and one black hat, three woollen scarfs, two overcoats, two pair shoes and boots. From fear that the decency of the captain might be offensive to not too pure a government, all these necessary articles of dress had , been kept in the hands of the authorities for four ; months. THE LIBERATION OP THE 150 PRISONERS AT CAwNr otte.—lt is a singular fact that none of the recent official letters from India even hint at the alleged liberation of 150 prisoners by Mr. Grant at Cawnpore, and the private letters are equally silent. There is a letter in town from an officer high in command, dated Sept.l6. from the spot, and it contains no mention of the transaction. •• CAVALRY FOR INDIA.—The East India Company ts now recruiting with great success in various parts of the country for cavalry to replace the =WONT" (of the Regular Native Cavalry) of the present outbreak. The standard is from 5 feet to 5 feet 1 inches, end the number of active young men who daily come in to be enrolled has quite surpassed expectation. An Italian was arrested last night in the foyer of the Italian Opera for wilfully damaging the bast of the Emperor which is placed there. He used very strong language, and end that Salrini (the tragedian) bad a better right to such an honour, "as he was a mach better actor." It sp• pears certain that the Italie'', who is described as a prince, Is of deranged intellect. He woe st onoe taken into custody. —Paris correspondent of the new, Second Edition. The Moniteur contains the official tariff for tele. graphic deapatches from France to Algeria by the Medi- Jamaican eubtuarine line. The charge for 16 words to Bona is 151 r.; Phalppeville, 16fr. 60,:.• Constantine, 18fr. ; Algiers, 191 r. 60c.; and Oran, 22fr. 60c. A despatch from Berne of the bth says:—" Lary enlistments having taken place in some of the canton. for a pretended British legion, the English reprenatative has declared to the Federal Council that no such legion is in existence." GOVERNESSES' BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION. A tu•Vcourt of this institution was held yesterday at the ver-squere Rooms for the purpose of electing three annuitants of 201., hom a list of 186 - candidates. The Right Hen. the Earl of llarrowby presided. The election cora mama at twelve o'clock ud closed at two. The court then proceeded to cast up the votes, and at four o'clock an mounded that the three suocerefol candidate, were Mies Fenny Lee, 3,172; Mrs. Anne Clements. 2,709; and Mg Hariet Noakes, 2,696. In addition to these, 101. had keen collected for the highest unsuccessful candidate, and the board proposed to lessen the disappointment of failure by giving - 10e to each of the next five upon the poll. The on anoceested candidates were Mire Marianne Vernon, 2,660; lam BarshC. Betiding, 2,224 ,• Miss Emma H. Weldo n , 2, 0 7 0 ; Mile Amelia L. Kinhold, 2,023: Mdse Frances Kent. 1,987; sad Miss Elizabeth Jeffery', 1,903. Tha court then broke up. THE LATE MR. BRITTON.—.At the first meeting of the Royal Institute of British Architects, held on Monday Let, a rubbing ot the bream, which bee been prepared as a memorial to the late Mr. John Britton, to be erected in Salsbury Cathedral, was exhibited. Two angels under • canopy hold a scroll, Inscribed—" In memory of John Britton, historian of this edifice, arid author of the noble NOM of works on the Cathedral and Mediaeval Antiquities of Englend, this memorial is erected [with the concureenee of the Dean and Chapter] by members of the Royal Insti tute of British Architect*, to record their sense of the emi nent tervices by which he revived the admiration of English men for the venerable monuments of the taste and piety of their forefathen, and legend for these majestic structures the respect of foreign nations. Born July 7, rno, at King ton Bt. Michael, Wilts. Died January 1, 1867, in London. Buried at Norwood Cemetery, Surrey." Around the whole Lan ornamental border, containing in it • verse from the 48th Pealin—" We have thought of Thy loving kindness, 0 Lord Ood , in the midst of Thy temple I" The brass has been executed by Hardman and Co, and will be ineerted in a slab of marble. Mr. T. H. Wyatt, in presenting the rubbing, said the committee had deputed to him its erection in Salis bury Cathedral: there was some little difference of opinion as to the site between the Dean and the committee, and this also had been left to him to settle—The Builder. Two SIGHTS AT RONK—Thank!, to the Emmet of Russia, we saw the two grandest tights of Rome to the =advantage. On Monday St. Peter's was illuminated pavement to the cross The night was dark sad mild, end the lamps, suspended 430 feet in the air, ware not once pat out by the wind. As the bell struck nine, the torches were suddenly lighted all round the roof, and it semi as if the great pile was on fire, while the bells fleeing a yea mowed like alarm bells mug at a fire. It was difficult to get the impression out of the mind that St. Peter's was en lo s, and we awoke next morning almost inclined to ask had Cho whole pile been burnt down in the night. We did not Rita the Co lise um by moonlight, so we are eared a descrip tion of what is the common stock of all travellers to Rome: we saw it instead by torchlight. At nine o'clock on &tar day evening, at the discharge of a rocket, the whole einem- Armee of the Coliseum broke out in a blare of light. Bengal lights, set behind every arch. sent out a glen of light which, lir a few minute*, was as bright as day. Then thick columns of smoke rolled up, covering the great amphitheatre as if with a curtain—like the awning which once stretched amen it in Oho days of its glory. Then as the lights turned red, fl seemed se if some great conflagration happened in ths city, and the crowds that elbowed their way out as the Bee pees drove off, seemed to I t be e Breit; for their line wig dr MT of flee in their ears. Them:aside was them lie sew way as the inside. Each story of arches could te iblireey coveted—the plants that grew in the crevices se lbs wells, and ems the marble pleb inserted here and thee is On brick snifeos, with the name of the Pontiff wise ha restored the Coliseum, could be distinctly reed, It was glorious eight. Artificial lights yet off beet the works of man, as God's two great lights alone can the works of Ord. A mountain by torchlight is ridiculous—the birches are seat not the riountoin ; but tbeColimum by torchlight nes ear Lice—the building was not too rut for the illumining power. Debles Univer say My (sins, for Novesabse. '‘ r dea arbit appli Brae P Mi erei that chart irith and, daye to w , and