The Express. — London, England, 1852-08-27 00:00:00

Vie entreoo. TO CORRIMONDENTB._ A tossed Wake st". The Tspeses" eestalsesei Me sem evisiskire ... Oessite.* is obilieliel stay Towle/ sad rebels, AO; I A Am lee Mb &Ism issisiestelsessied Ise . The Express. Lodes As.img paps , win be at the telee, le, Beethetheereet. by Two skink es Ur dif of psbibistiss. NIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Twee tlav—Manthig. ee.10........•.AMrw. ICUs. Toomossow—Nuniag. 1% 110.—Allimilso. Ili.Us. LONDON, FRIDAY, AUGUST 27. TnE scarcity of labourers in the agricultural dis tricts is beginning to excite discussion among per sons of a speculative turn of mind. The fact that there is at present en inadequate supply of labour for farm work seems certain. It was owing to this inadequate supply that the hay harvest was still unfinished when the grain harvest begun. It was owing to this inadequate supply that a deal of corn which might otherwise have been reaped and stacked before the weather broke, has been exposed in an over-ripe state to the casualties of the wind and rain. It was this inadequate supply that lcd to the employment of regimental reapers in some quarters. 'the fact seems beyond a doubt : the causes and consequences are less Obvious. The deficiency, it may be remarked, is not so great as to affect the ordinary routine labours of the farm. The embarrassment of our farmers has been confined to the difficulty they have experienced in getting their harvest work done. During harvest a number of supernumerary hands are required to get through the extra work which must be completed within a certain time. In former years these supernumerary hands were obtained from two different sources. The manufacturing population contributed one— the smaller quota. flier° were always some ma nufacturing operatives out of work and in search of a job, or not very urgently needed, and willing to exchange their sedentary toils in close apartments, far a time, fur better remunerated labour in the open air. But the far greater portion of these supernumerary hands were temporary immigrants from the sister island. This latter source of supply has been nearly drained by emigration. Emigration may have had some effect in diminishing the number of harvest labourers obtained front the manufac turing districts, but the general good employment of that class has done more. In so far as the supernumerary labourers them selves are concerned, the change is decidedly a change fur the better. The manufacturing population, it is clear, are at present independent of this precarious kind of employment. And those who are aware how, in certain districts of Ireland, it has been customary for whole families, on the ap proach of harvest, to evacuate their wretched dwell ings—lock the door, and hide the key in the thatch —and separate, the husband to reap in England, the wife and children to beg anywhere, in order that among them enough of money might be scraped toge ther to pay their rack-rents, must rejoice that these ill-fated beings have found new homes where industry is sure to lead to competence. The extensive drying up of these two sources of supply, has made the farmers more dependent than formerly upon what are called 4 ' tramps" for their supernumerary hands in harvest. The number of persons—families—in England who, at least for a part of every year, lead what may literally be termed a nomadic life is greater than most people imagine. From the beginning of June till far in September they may bo seen under every hedge and at the corners of every green lane, cooking their meals gitssy fashion, washing clothes, and so forth. At night they find refuge in barns and outhouses This class varies widely in respectability, orderly habits, and intelligence; but, somehow or other, all contract snore or less • taint from their scrambling mode of life. Circumstances have recently contributed to in- ' crease the number of these waifs and strays of ' society—these indigenous, supplementary, occasion- ' ally employed agricultural labourers. The number ' of hands constantly employed on any farm is com paratively smalL But formerly the chance jobs for ' such labourers as were Rot constantly employed, was much greater, and more generally spread over all the ' seasons of the year than it is now. The introduc tion of machinery in sowing and thrashing has de prived them of a good deal of occasional employment. Now it is only during the hay and grain harvests that any considerable number of them are needed by the farmers ; whereas in old times they were employed with their flails after harvest, and in many odd jobs during spring and winter. Now they must earn all their yearly earnings during the summer and early autumn months. During the rest of the year they are regarded as mere cumberers of the soil, doomed to idleness and want. Their condition has deteriorated, while that of most other classes has been improving. This leads to the consideration of the probable con sequences of the deficient supply of labour, which was the starting point of these remarks. It has already stimulated agriculturists in all parts of the kingdom to make more earnest and persevering experiments with reaping machines. If it continue for a few years longer it will inevitably lead to the perfecting of these machines and their general adoption. And what must be the result of this is obvious. Super numerary hands will no longer be needed in harvest. The ordinary staff of farm labourers, with the aid of machinery, will suffice to cut and house the grain in time. There will no longer be in the agricultural dis tricts two classes of labourers ; the one enjoying per manent employment throughout the year; the other run upon fur a few months, and regarded as au eye sore and an encumbrance during the remainder of the twelve. The agricultural labourer will be as sure of employment throughout the year as the manufactur ing labourer, and his habits of steady application, and his general morality will be improved by the change. The extensive emigration, therefore, which has well-nigh drained Ireland of its surplus population, promises not only to benefit the emigrants them selves, but the whole agricultural class in all the three kingdoms. It will compel the farmers to set themselves in earnest to employ machinery in all their operations; it will impart certainty and continuity to the employment of agricultural labour ers. And the emigration which m bringing this to pare mast be kept up until the transition epoch has been passed through, is order that the precariously employed, the supernumerary hands may continue to be disked off as they came to be needed. FOREIGN PO3T4GE. The recent postal arrangements with Prussia are most importaet, since they demonstrate the praegeatility of all Bettors cbars'ng postage by as uniform weight, anti that weight a very liberal one. Lettere can now be pre paid in this country, to destination, according to the bra wnier wale for a single letter, to almost every part of Eu rope, to Egypt, and the Levels', if sent in the Prussian closed mails, which are made up is London daily. Unfor tesately, these arrangements do sot secure a low and uni form rate of postage. The postage for a single letter rut Prussia varies now from Bd. to Is. 3d., occordirig to the plat* to which it is directed. The whole charge for • letter to Prussia is 84. A few years ago the English postage alone was 22.2 d. It is to be regretted that while Esglaad mid Presses ware eateries into new arrangements, they did sot make the ride of postage to all countries through Prussia a uniform one,—say M. a letter. Prussia, so doubt, would have con sented to this if her territory had been made the ordinary route for the rsrrespondence of northern, central, sad @Went Europe. According to the present erreagenteuts, the coo respondence of only a few places are sent in the Prussian dosed mails, if not specially addressed. Owing to the geographical positiou of FraAlle, that country forms the most direct postal route to southern Europe. It becomes of the utmost importance, therefore, that France should be imbued to simplify sod reduce her postage rates. Ska has now railroads 'efficient to break the balk of mails before they have to be yell by lees convenient means, and she has therefore no interest in checking the amount of correspondence to the various parts of the world, which have to pass through her territory. Even If France were to imitate the temple of Freesia, and assimilate the standard of weight for a tingle letter to that of England, it would be of importance, as is would simplify the portal arrangements between the two countries, and would he equivalent to a considerable franc ' tiqn of postage. Belgium, another great thoroughfare through which British and European mails pass, still adheres ;to the illiberal policy of charging postal rates according to ,ths quarter of an ounce scale. Tins is more remarkable voosir, that all nations beyond it, the correspondersee of h pass through tklgium and Prussia, have consented ,to charge by the bal(.ounce scale. Vi•IT 01 M. M. VERMONT TO LNGLAND.—Tha :Ups of sip, laq annountes the arrival of M. de l'et la Lowlon. THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, AUGUST 27, 1852 FRANCE.. ' PAR'S, Twernaosr Emissive. The Moniteur, after long observing a cabin and almost pensive attitude in presence of the opposition manifested by the English press against to went of the 2nd of December, has at W. the modest limits of commirniquels, awl entemell Addy lance in hand into the broadsr lists at ratetrearey. Although the article to which I allude is milsimusil by name to the most widely disseminated er the English press, its arguments may be as levelled against all, with one or two "bane ex ceptions." It is as follow.: On seven/ occasions already we have pointed oat the malevolence of certain articles of the Eaglish journals towards the French government. As long as it did not fall on persons, we preserved silence, but at preens% it attacks the whole nation, and to reply is • duty. The Times de voted • long article of one 01 its last numbers to heaping insults on France ; it compares her to the lower empire, and modem's her to an eternal infancy. If the Times were the organ of a people, the French nation might be moved at its attacks ; but since the 2nd of December that journal, the passionate interpreter of hostile parties, repre. tents nothing . hut an interested opposition; what credit then eau be given to its judgments? Arid what reason is there to submit to them ? Who, in fact, would believe, as the Times dares to affirm, that we are disinherited of all oar rights, and that political life no longer cited* for us? Uni versal suffrage in France is the most unlimited exercise of the faculty of election. We have already said that the Times is not for us the organ of the nation, in the name of which it would imply that it speaks. Frr from us then be the thought of recriminating against English institutions. But could not others, lees well-intentioned, do so ? Could they not ask the Times if England can bring forward in opposition to the calm and order of our universal suffrage, her restricted suffrage and her elections taking place in the midst of all the scandals of shame ful jobbing? Could it not be said to the Times that in England almost always the seats in parliament belong to the moat wealthy, whilst in France they are for all lodes needy ; that there the amount of fortune decides, whereas here the people select; that with us ever/thing is the el. pre-urea of the national will ; that the chief of the state, the legislative oorm, the councils-general of the departments, the councils of arrondissement, the municipal councils— all are elected by the universality of the citizens, whilst on the contrary on the other side of the Channel all smacks of the inequality of fortunes as of the restriction of rights. The Times may call infancy, if it pleases, this tint attempt at liberty of the most extensive kind ; but does it choose its time well to boast of a system which leads to a &cadet open voting, and to a demand to have secret voting substituted at medic elections ? Under the monarchy of 1530, the Times applauded the three days of July, and after Feb. 21 it ap• proved of the republics° ovations. Was it on account of the conquests made by the people? No, but on account of the blood which the people had lost. The applause of that journal was then as much an object of suspi. cies es its aspersion is at present odious. Its sarcastic re marks against the 15th of August were consequently the natural effect of antipathy and calculation. In vain were propositions maditto the thief of the state to fate the anni versaries of the ICth December, 1845, and of the 2nd and 20th December. 15.51. Ile would not consent to the first, because it related to himself alone, sod to his triumph ; nor to the second, because there was connected with them& pain ful thought, and because, above everything, he wished to bury in oblivion even to the last reminiscence of our civil discords. The anniversary of August 15 was the only one decided on, and bye happy coincidence it so happened that the fete of the Virgin, the guardian of France, was cele brated on the same day as that of the Emperor. The country comprehended that noble thought, and joined in it with en ' thusinsm. Such is the secret of the envenomed attacks of the Times. Far from us he the pretension to arrest its course; our prosperity, let us hope, will long furnish it with matter for such attacks. But for serious men the truth proved by facts will always triumph over the asser tions of any anonymous pamphleteer, inspired by interest or passion. One can hardly conceive an article better calcu lated to answer itself than the preceding. Is it, then, so monstrous to adopt the expression of bits-empire, applied by the first statesman in France to the pro sent condition of his country . ? What was the bas empire but the reign of pretonanism, and the absence of genius, the success of sycophancy and the perse cution of opinion, the extinction of literature and the substitution of pageants and games. " Perpetual infancy " is indeed but a small reproach compared with premature dotage ; but who that surveys the present state of France will say that the latter terms are undeserved? or who that remembers the men of the first National Assembly would deem them chil dren when compared with the men of the present day. Surely Maupas is not so superior to hlirabeau, or Persigny to Sicycs. As to universal suffrage, we all know pretty well by this time what that means, and, whether its results may be arded as the expression of the national wiL In the late elections less than one-third of the electors took part ; and no candidate was suffered to be produced but those of the government. The ding addressed to England is disgraceful in an d eial paper; but passing over that, who ever demised al ailing the Corps Legialatif a parliament? This team was repudiated by the government itself, who proclaimed in the constitution of January 13 its ab horrence of parliamentary institutes. Whatever may be the motive that has dictated this circuity of language in the addresses of many of the councils-general ' there can now be no doubt of the intention of the President of the Republic to establish, or rather to re-establish, the hereditary empire. I send you to-day,as a document of the highest importance, a full translation of the resolution passed by the council-general of the Hautes Pyrenees. To this remote department, M. Achille Fould, Minister of State, was sent to preside at the sittings of the council. It was under the personal direction of this minister, now the highest councillor of Louis Napo leon—his bosom friend, residing with him at St. Cloud—that this resolution was voted. The utmost care is risible in every line of this composition, which must be taken as the direct expression of the designs of the head of the state: Ramos PV/LINZILI. The council-general, all its usembore being present, unanimously expresses the following wish:—The council general, still deeply moved by the recollection of the great ant of public safety of December 2, and of the immense services that Prince Louis Napoleon has rendered to France during his abort and fruitful national dictatorship, will not commence its labours before having offered to the Prince the homage . of its profound and patriotic gratitude. Considering, further, that in once to strengthen confidence, which is everywhere reviving, to give the fullest i mpetus to commerce, indethry, and public credit, and security to every interest, it i essential to stamp our political institutions with the chenille, form, sad stability which is now the ant asesseity et the state ; eesaiderleg that this stability mi t i al l e veselt fees. the asm hineilna et the beteditary with eletil hl a v esiversal selbega agglisd easestive pewee s is the cornerssioni elf Reveauball r ltnnee; estaddsdag that it is this th at Ike Nee* plepleheseadenesell ad de tangoed, state it hes Mao apes. 4 Presidad et the lepshNe the heir et Ilta implelle. ad fiat it is basis& 'manillist fir die whets weeldiabst elsellsetD•eitalise, berlllllSemietsimed wte ia b t r is e no idea so lese w llng a elrlea et t abnet ierce asilieg ales het the reeilmlildrama of th pono = leads =See bassete Isandar r the of new mast epee lb head , by sa eseeptios ea. exampled's , th s e a rb= esessenalea of gime, genius, theof that dynasty dm only see skewed i d s the theme by dee people, wan eeeethelOw eill es t m er s :=l=ead fa spite of do Poll* die balsepreter of the enesimeas asetisseess se the thareleasea et the Ratites rlgossla, Wayeres the with that ss thaella, trig the jai dash* sums. le it by the asuatteties, de pepess that the pis* sled' rosslabliii the hereditary Nee of the imps vial dynasty la the direst legitimate end edeptive descent of Priam Leah Nepalese Bonaparte, President of the Here at last we have plain speaking. It matters little in what round-about terms the majority of the packed councils-general may have been instructed to cloak their addresses. Ikre is the key note to the whole, and Europe now knows that ail the talk about "consolidation of power," " stabilitf ," " durable ae thority," and what not, means simply the resto ration of the hereditary empire in the person d his imperial majesty Napoleon 11. I call your attention to one ominous passage in the above address, in which Franx, if she were not blind, might see " looming in the future' the extinc tion of universal suffrage. The corner atone of go- vernment in France is said to be universal suffrage' applied to the executive power, and that in combina tion with the hereditary principle. Let the hereditary principle be established in the Bonapartist dynasty, and it is plain that neither universal suffrage oar any other kind of suffrage will have the opportunity of giving Biel' any further trouble so long as that dynasty lasts. As a curious confirmation of this view 1 may mention that, in the obscure commune of Anlnay, in the department of the Aube, a petition to the Senate has been gut up for the immediate estate lishment of the empire and the abolition of universal suffrage. Indeed, as this petition speaks of the evils 'produced by the "system" of universal suffrage since Mil, and the suffrage was not, in fact, universal till PUN, it fuiloWM that the true meaning of the petition coincides with the address of ,l. Footers council-ge neral, and that all popular election, when once it has set up a strong executive power, is a nuisance. Here is the petition : Messieurs les Sensteun—The undersigned *iced% of ordvr and of emit ty venture to lift up a voice which should be beard, end remand even as far as the high Noakes of power, to uimand with loud cries stability in the govern ment of tbb country. Convinced that the only gond thing wanting to Francs to enable her to *goy her institutions in peace is durability, permanence, with which the very word republic seems in contradiction; considering the splendid conduct of Louis Napoleon Boraparto in his glorious acts of December 2, and that since that glorious epoch, he has done everything to deserve well - of the nation, ask the Senate—l. To promote the .ducat of Louis Napoleon Bonaparte to the imperial throne as soon as pos sible. 2. To promote, without delay, the suppression of universal suffrage so far only as relates to municipal and cautonal elections, seeing that this system is the only cause of the disventious and fermentations of discord which, since 183I,:divide the smallest passible commune into two camps, and disturbs local tranquillity. In the expectation of a prompt solution to their wishes, they beg you to accept their jest tribute of homage. I am the more persuaded that this voice from the Aube is the dawn of a transformation in universal suffrage, because M. de Maupsa, the minister of police, happens to be in the department at this mo ment, and, in this cloud, as big as a man's hand, I think the working of a higher power than a few un known peasants in Aulnay is discernible. The Muniteur publishes the resolutions of 17 councils general, besides that of the Haute. Pyrenees. The Arige is the only one of these that in terms asks for the hereditary empire. The Gironde, presided by General St. Arnaud, calls upon the Senate to put an end to instability, and to endow France definitively with the institution's that her genius and manners require. The other councils use less explicit len gouge, but, generally in terms of fulsome adulation, express gratitude for the past, confidence in the future, and readiness to concur in anything that the exalted wisdom of the Prusec may require at their hands. The government is in a terrible fright lest the debates of the councils-general should be made pub lic, and so the speeches of members hostile to the empire become known. The Cohstitutionel this morning, in allusion to a communicated note in the Journal de hi Alearthe, stating that tho law on the councils-general prohibited the publication of any part of their proceedings except such as might be sent for publication by the presidents of the council, ventures to suggest that this is a wrong interpreta tion of the law. Tho Minister of the Interior, in consequence, has this morning written a circular to the prefects, urging them in the strongest manner to maintain the sccresy of the debates of the councils, and to enforce the above construction of the law by all means in their power. Marshal Ilaynau has arrived at Paris, and is stay ing at the Hotel des l'rinceis. fho mounted republican guard is about to be augmented by two squadrons of 150 men each. The Moniteur fixes the 19th of September for the election of a deputy in the Ilerault, in place of M. Parmentier, deceased; and the 26th for the election of deputies in the Rhone, the Lozere, and the Puy de-Dome in the place respectively of M. lii!non, who had refu sed to take the oath; of M. Itenouord, who had accepted functions incompatible with the position of deputy ; and of Count de Morny, who has been elected m two places. It will be observed that the l above elections, except that for the llemult, are fixed for the 26th S ept., the day of the elections in I'aris. The Muniteur contains the following note in allu sion to commews made by foreign journals on the review of the national guards of I'aris: It was impossible to n 64 ike the sentiments by which, oa the 15th, the population of l'aris and the national guud were animated when the latter filed off before the rrince- President. Thousands of spectators can testify this. Some foreign journals, however, in spite of this striking fact, speak in their columns of lukewarmness and indifference on the part of the people, and of discontent on the part of the chief of the state. We a ill reply to these journals by giving them a piece of advice—to have better-intormed correspon dents. Reports are in circulation of a change in high military commands. It is stated that General do Castellano, commander-in-chief at Lyons, is about to . • succeed General Gemeau in the command of the army of occupation at Rome, and be replaced at Lyons by General Carrelet. The Patric publishes the following as a communi cated note on the subject of the expected tour of the President in the departments: The Prince President, whenever he visits the depart ment., greatly regrets to see the populations assemble on Ids passage, without his being able, in most places, to stop amongst them. As, in his approaching journey to the south, the length and rapidity of the stages will only leave him the time strictly necessary to stay for a period, move or lees long in certain localities, the prefects will take care to make them well known in advance. The Prince President thus hopes to prevent, in other piseer, itoooniblogeo which often cause a great loss of time, and to which it is painful to him, we repeat, not to be able even to express his gratitude for lia manifestation of their sympathy. The absence of any such notice in the Moniteur this morning has, however, been the subject of much comment. I understand that the official organs to morrow will publish a notice to the following effect : Certain journals of Paris and the departments fix the city when the Prince President will leave Paris to begin his journey to the departments of the south. These journals are in no way authorised to express themselves with se much precision. The Prince President has not yet made known officially the precise period of his departure. Contradictions such as these occasion frequent repetition of the old question, " Who is Mr. Com munique ?" We mad in the Pays: The texts of the two conventions concluded and signed on Sunday last between France and Belgium were yesterday sent to the Belgian government, by a superior ensployi of the ministry of foreign affairs. 'rho ratification of the two conventions will take place at the opening of the Bel gian parliament, which cannot fail to welcome these stipu lations which are the prelude of the conclusion of a more extended treaty on the exchange of the productions of the two countries. At ii;ilOurso the Four•and•a-Hal[ per Cents. rose 5c., closing at 103.60; the Threes closed without change, at 76.83. SWITZERLAND. in The Swiss parliament, i ts last sitting, ,anctioned several railway projects. The first is to go to the frontier of Thurgau, near Islihon, to Bomanchorn, on the Lake of Constance; the second, from Rorshah, near St. Gall, to Wyll, forming the first section of the Zurich line to the lake of Constance; the third, from Lucerne to Zofingen ; and the fourth, from Merges to Yverdon, to unite the Lake of Geneva with that of Neufchatel, and being in reality only the first section of tho grand artery which it is intended to establish between Geneva and Basle. GERMANY. AUSTRIA. The Fienna Gmeite of the 22nd contains the fol lowing sentences of the court-martial sitting at Her manstadt : Count Joseph Haller, aged 33, of Weiaskirchen, in Tran sylvania, landed proprietor, and the Rev. Francis Nagy, aged 63, of Gyirrgy, reformed pastor, to be hung for high treason, their property being also confiscated. The Empe ror has since commuted the punishment to ten years' im prisonment in the case of the younger, and fourteen in that of the venerable prisoner; the confiscation being maintained. Three yeomen charged with homicide during the civil war, ■nd ;sentenced to various terms of imprisonment by the court-martial, now receive a remission of half the punish ment. A subsequent notification in the Gazelle states that the functions of the Hungarian court-martial are now sus pended. Count Montecuecoli, who figured in the ante-revo lutionary period, is dead. purpose of passing forged Prussian notes; in cease- I Timm of which accusation ho and his wits were ar rested at the railway station at Bromberg, in the presence of a large concourse of people, and put into prison, though no forged notes or anything of a sus picious nature was found in their possession. ZOLLVEREIN. BERLIN, Avover 24. The Prussian government has held no further sit ting of the Zollverein conference since last Saturday, when it received the coalition's declaration. M. von Manteuffel held yesterday a cabinet council on the ' subject, and has gone to Plinio!, the bathing place on the isle of Ruegen, for the king's authorisation of the measures to be taken. In well informed circles it is believed that Prussia will strictly adhere to its former distinct refusal of negotiating on commercial matters with Austria prior to the renewal of the Zoklverein's treaties, and that it will unhesitatingly reject the coalition's present proposals. It is propable, however, that it will not do this m a peremptory manner, by breaking off the negotiations, However clearly M. von Manteuffel may see that the formation of an independent North German customs union is the only . way of rescuing and promoting l'russia's commercial and industrial interests, lie dare not burthcn himself with the odium of voluntarily splitting the Zollverein, which naturally has very numerous adherents. Hitherto Prussia has regularly repeated, at every stage of the conflict, the declaration which it made at the commencement. The coalition, on the contrary, has hitherto managed to make some little alteration in its replies. Prussia must go on repeating its programme, therefore, till the coalition is driven to declare that it can also do nothing more than repeat its declaration; then the negotiations break themselves off. When the plenipotentiaries of the coalition governments finally declare that they can make no further steps towards entering into negotiations on the terms of the pro gramme rigidly upheld by . Prussia, they can do nothing but return to their homes, when Ps oasis must proceed to make its customs arrangements with out them. If, however, the two parties dissolve their present union, by respectively adhering to their irre concileable programmes, the blame of splitting the Zollverein cannot be laid on Prussia, because the Prussian programme demands the renewal of the Zollverein, wile the coalition's p rogramme is based on a plan of merging the Zollvere in into Austria. It is the coalition's attempt to change both the political and commercial character of the Zollverc in which forms the impediment to its renewal. The minister of finance, N. Bacmciater, is to con fer with the Hanoverian premier, Ist. von Scheele, who ia at Ischl. The issue of the affair will much depend on the result of this minion. PRUSSIA. BERLIN, Avourr 24. Alexander von Humboldt, who has accompanied the King of Prussia to the see coast, surprises people by the bodily vigour which he displays in spite of an ago of eighty-three yarn. After walking and driving about for the greater part of the day, and partaking in all sorts of public festivities, he reads aloud in the evening to the royal party without showing signs of fatigue. Preparations are being made for abolishing the lino of custom-houses along the Eider, and subject ing Holstein to the high Danish tariff. The only difficulty is as regards Altona, which must at least remain a free port, unless its total annihilation be contemplated. Since the arrival of a Danish garri son at Altona, the military eon*nanders at that town and at llamburg, have taken great precautions to prevent the Danish and Hanseatic soldiers from meet tog at places of public amusement in the common suburbs, for fear of affrays, which might assume a very violent character. The A'rett: Zeilisny writes, that an English mer chant, named Eli, who came with his wife to visit a sister married in Prussia, seems to havo been made the victim of an infamous plot. A German, in Lon don, who had been arrested for debt at the suit of Mr. Eli, revenged himself by writing to the police at Danzig that this gentleman was travelling for the TURKEY. The Paris Monikur of the 26th says that a tele graphic despatch from Constantinople of the 17th announces that the arrangements proposed by M. de Lavatette, relative to the affair of fripoli and to the other representations of the same kind, with which he was charged, have been accepted by the Ottoman Porte. The Constitutionnel says : We receive by the Lyeurgue, which arrived at Marseilles on Monday. letters from Coustantinople to the 10th. It was thought that fresh changes might follow those which had just taken place in the Turkish ministry. The presence of Suleyman Pacha at Constantinople led to the idea that he might soon become tither grand-admiral or presi dent of the Superior Council of Justice, posts which he has already occupied. The general opinion was also that the ministers of finance and of commerce would, with difficulty, preserve their portfilios. Chalet-Bey, secretary-general of foreign affairs, was named mouatechar to the grand visir ; but it was much feared that he would not be equal to the duties of the situ ation. It was said that a diplomatic note, handed in by the Marquis do Laralette to the minister of (emirs affairs, had led to the change of ministry. In that note, the ambassador enumerated in energetic terms the causes of complaint which out government had against the Porte, and de- mending a prompt reparation ; declaring that France was resolved to take decisive measures, if haste was not made to satisfy her demands; that, as a commence meat, a squadron had been sent to Tripoli, and that another would probably proceed to Trevesa ; sad that the Charlemagne bad orders to take her departure at once for the expeditionary squadron at Tripoli. This lan guage explains the abrupt departure of the Charlemagne, which left Constantinople on the Bth, without saluting the town, which fact produced a great satiation amongst the Turks. This note being communicated to the Sultan, led, it is said, to a demand for explanation,' from the Grand Visir, which not being satialoetory led to the fall of nesehid.Pacha. The causes of complaint on the part of France were, it is said, four: the affair of Tripoli, that of Janina, that of the murder of Father Basile, and lastly, the ill-treatment of M. Duvernoy, a Frenchman. M. de Lava letto waited for the departure of the Charlemagne to de mand a categorical reply to his note, not wishing to have the air of profiting by the presence of that vessel to con , tinue his negoliatioas. MALTA, AUGUST 17. An unexpected arrival from Constantinople by a French steamer enables me to write a few lines. I cannot understand that her arrival is in any way connected with political movements, but simply commercial. The American toinisterhas arrived at Athens, and the Cumberland frigate, with the broad pennant of Commodore Btringham, arrived in our port yesterday, running up to her anchorage in beau. tiful style. She saluted the forts and port admiral. She will leave us again on Thursday for Naples, I believe. A solemn mass was celebrated on the morning of Sunday last in the church of the Madonna del Carmine, which has given rise to much comment, it being quite a new thing, and got up for the nonce. The French consul thus ad dressed his colleagues The Prince President of the French republic has decreed that • national fide shall-be annually celebrated on the 15th August." The French consul, in censequence, hu the honour to beg your assist ance at a solemn mass to be sung at eleven o'clock on Sun day nest, at the Church of the Carmcs, for the prosperity of the country and the preservation of the head of the state. Vbe Court. OSBORNE, THURSDAY. The Queen, Prince Albert, and the royal family, walked and drove in the grounds yesterday. The Right Hon. George Bankes, Judge Advocate General, arrived at 2 o'clock, and had an audience of her ➢tajesty, to submit the proceedings of some general courts-martial. The Earl and Countess of Derby arrived at St. Leonard' on Wednesday afternoon from a visit to tho Queen at Osborne. The American Minister, Mr.. Abbott Lswrenee, and Miss Lawrence, have left town on m visit to his Orme the Duke of Rutland at Longsbaw Lodge, Derbyshire. - - The Duchess and Princess Mary of Cambridge, who are residing in the Isle of Wight, have honoured with their presence several Ktes, balls, and parties which have been given by the nobility and gentry of the island. The affability of the Princess is the theme of admiration. Lady Adelaide Hastings and party, Lady Janet Werond and party, Sir David Baird, Rev. J. P. Mo rr is, Rev. Mr. Leonio, Colonel Fitzmaurice, J. L. Lobb, were among the fashionable; who embarked yesterday at the St. Katharine's wharf on board the General Steam Navigation Company's steam ship Itarcasbourne, for Antwerp, en route to the Rhine. BIRTH-DAY OP HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCE ALaairr.—Yesterday his Royal Highness Prince Albert completed his thirty-fourth year. At one o'clock the Park guns fired a salute, and the various churches westward of Temple-bas hoisted their Hart in honour of the day. There was no especial military display at the Horse Guards. THE MISSING ARCTIC EXPEDITION.—The names of the officers and crews of Sir John Franklin's expedition con not be erased from the Admiralty books for • long series of years, unless the adverse fate of the expedition is ascertained with certainty. The relatives of those who went out in the expedition receive the half-pay of the latter, and will con tinue to do so for a lengthened period, unless it be clearly proved that the officers and crews have perished. ROYAL ORTHOP.EDIC HOSPITAL. Yesterday a special half-yearly meeting of the members and friends of tie charity, established for the cure of clubfoot and other deformities, was hold in the Board-room of the institution, Bloomsbury-square. The chair was taken by Dlr. Jacob Bell, and from the report read it appeared that during the half-year 895 patients had been admitted, being an increase over the last half-year of 228. The total number of pa. tient' admitted since the opening of the charity had been 12,898. It also appeared that the funds were increasing, but were still inadequate to meet the incensing claims. Very extensive alterations and additions had been effected in the medical staff of the hospital during the past year ; ample provision being thus made for the present and in creasing requirements of the hospital in this important de partment. The report having been unanimously adopted, a vote of thanks was passed to the chairman for his con duct in the chair, when the proceedings terminated. LETTERS FOIL TIIE CAPE.—Ono of the General &rew Company's steamers, the Propontis, is advertised by , the foot-office authorities to leave Ply mou th w i t h s hi p ' letter bags for St. Helena and the Cape of Good Hope to , morrow. The cause of additional steamers proceeding every month to the Cape is owing to the fact that the com ' pany's regular steamers now go un to India, a n d until they begin to return additional Tenets have to go out from hence and bring home the monthly Cape mail. The Post-office authorities h ea also advertised two more steamers, the Cleopatra and Sarah Sands, to take out ship letter begs, one to the Cape of flood Hope, Adelaide, Port Phillip, and Sydney, and the other to l'ort l'hillip and Sydney. In another week both these ves se l s w ill h ave started, and they will make seven steamers which have left England fur Aus tralia since May last. (ROUGH ELECTION. (From tbe Doily Now) AN allusion, in our last article on Vote by Ballot, to Mr. CORNEWALL LEwls's reception at Peter borough, has drawn down upon us an objurgatory letter from a resident in that city, which will be found in another column. Our correspondent deli cately insinuates that our remarks on Mr. Ly.wts's speech have a tendency to encourage the Derbyites to start a candidate for Peterborough ; these remarks being, according to him, calculated to cause dissension in the Liberal ranks. It happens curiously enough that we were just about to make the same complaint of himself and his friends when we received his letter. Our readers shall be judges which of us is in the right. Nothing is so easy as fur Liberals, or professing Liberals, to start a candidate for any constituency, and then, if any elector demurs to the eligibility of the candidate, raise a cry against him that he is fol lowing divisive courses. And yet it must be obvious to the dullest apprehension that, if the candidate was brought forward without giving the aggregate body of Liberals an opportunity to judge whether he was the man suited for their purpose, the dissension in the Liberal ranks may really and truly be the work of those who are the first to impute it as a crime to others. Now we will not be suspected of any desire to oppose Mr. Lewis : we have on more than one occa sion expressed our conviction that ho possesses qualities and acquirements which may bo turned to good account in Parliament. Neither has any man a right to accuse us of following divisive courses; for our constant efforts have been directed, through , out the late elections, to dissuade Reformers from : going to loggerheads among themselves. Yet we must confess that though Mr. LEWN is the Liberal I candidate first in the held in Peterborough, he has been introduced to the constituency in such a 'fashion that we should hesitate to accuse any Re former there of introducing dissensions into the Reform camp, simply because he was reluctant to accept Mr. LEWIS as the Liberal candidate. The Firzwit.t.tma interest is strong in Peter borough ; and we gladly admit that it has on many occasions been creditably exercised. Hut the time is ' fast passing away when any body of men will allow a noble family (or its head) to think and act for them in matters political. Above all, this sturdy spirit of independence is of rapid growth in places which are, like Peterborough, active centres of railway enter prise, and where new men arc daily springing up who neither know nor care for Um old lords para mount. Peterborough is a constituency in that kind of transition state which "craves wary walking" and delicate handling. It will no longer be kept in leading strings. Yet the aristocratic section of the Liberals which has brought forward Mr. t'onNEWALL LEwis as a candidate for Peterborough, has been treating the Liberal electors as if they were mere vassals of the House of Frrzwtswit. "A body of electors," according to our correspondent, invite Mr. Lewis to come down; Mr. LEWIS pays the general electorate the compliment to address a public meeting; that meeting, after awarding to him a fair and deliberate hearing, passes a resolu tion that he is not the member for their purpose; whereupon Mr. LEWIS tells them that ho will per sist nevertheless in his endeavour to become their representative, and betakes himself to a private can vass. Had Mr. LEwis alleged that the majority who voted against him were not electors, or even that they were not Liberal electors, and ap pealed to a ticket meeting of the electors holding Reform opinions, no one could have blamed him. But by betaking himself to a private canvass, he says, as plainly as actions can say, "I would have paid you, the independent elec tors, the compliment of condescending to appear to be your nominee, had you accepted meat the hands of the gentlemen who brought me forward; but since you will not, I throw myself on the private influence of the old family connexion, and will be your mem ber in spite of you." And wo say unhesitatingly, that the candidate and his backers, who thus attempt to ride roughshod over the independent electors' right of choice, are answerable fir any divisions that may arise out of such conduct in the Liberal party. Whether they are first or last in the field is in such a case a matter of not the slightest moment. The reasons why the public meeting at Peter- 1 borough hesitated to accept the offered services of Mr. Lewis are, whatever our correspondent may think to the contrary, not without weight. Mr. LEWIS professed great indignation at the intimidation exercised upon electors at the general election. " 'Personal experience had confirmed his opinion that some plan must be devised to secure freedom of voting." Well; what was his plan ? He bad none. Would ho support vote by ballot ? To this plain ques tion (if our correspondent informs us rightly) Mr. LEWIS answered by elaborately parading every argu ment fur and against the ballot he could think of ; and ending by declining to support it, because he " doubted the efficacy of the ballot-box in securing the secrecy of a vote at parliamentary elections." Mr. LEWIS, it seems, only objected to some specific mode of ballot, as not ensuring secrecy, not to secret voting. He had no other plan for shielding the honest and independent elector to propose. And yet he declined to support a measure for ensur ing secret voting. Is it to be wondered at that men smarting, it may be, under intimidation, disgusted with the scenes of bribery they have witnessed, should doubt whether they can rely upon a man who, when action is urgently and imperatively called for, puts them off with long rigmarole speeches, leading to nothing, not even to a definite abstract opinion ? So with extension of the suffrage. Mr. LEWIS, as far as we can gather from our correspondent's letter, expressed himself as friendly to suffrage ex tension; but he appears to have followed up this profession by enlarging on the dangers of a hasty extension, and cavilling at every specific qualifies, tion that has been brought under the notice of the public. Here, again, Mr. LEWIS presented him self, not as a man of decision and action, but merely as au ingenious dialectician and plausible talker. This is the weak side of the section of the Liberal party to which Mr. LEWIS belongs. Their senti ments are in general unexceptionable ; their critical sagacity great; but they are never prepared to act. When their opinion is asked about suffrage extension, vote by ballot, or the like, they reply, as the Spectator did to Sir Royer de C'orerley, that " mush may be said on both sides." When finked whether, if returned to Parliament, they will sapport vote by ballot and suffrage extension, they diverge into long and irrelevant expositions of the inexpediency of tying up legislators by specific pisolges. This is an evasion. They know right well what is asked of them, and that is, not to pledge themselves to vote for any specific measure, or at any specific time, but to declare by a plain in telligible " yes" or " no" whether they arc for or @gaunt vote by ballot and suffrage extension. It is by such paltering that the Whigs have thrown away the preatiyc which attached to them in 1t430. The earliest independent Liberals have from time to time drawn off from the Whigs, not because the Whigs did not "go as far"as they did —that was never looked for; but because the Whigs never could be got to say how far they really did go, sr to act upon their own professed convictions. It was by such conduct that the Whigs broke up the Liberal patty, and allowed the Derbyises to creep in. It is not by persisting in the same evasive, irresolute tactics that the Whigs can repair the mischief they have done; yet Mr. CORNEWALL LEWIS and his friends at Peterborough seem resolute to adhere to their old dull jog-trot. The following is the letter referral to above. TO THE EDITOR 01 THU DAILY HMV'S. Stn,—ln adopting the report of the meeting of liberal electors at the Corn Exchange, Peterborough, whe• titer taken direct from the Ames or received from the re porter, you have in your leading article of the 23rd instant, been led to speak of our liberal candidate—Mr. Cicorge Cornwall Lewis—in a somewhat unfair tone. It is true you have been misled by a very imperfect report of his sperch at the above meeting, the reporter. a native of this city, being • mere novice in the art. I am a constant reader et your valuable journal, and appreciate the aid you give to the cause of progress, and was much grieved to read your re marks on Mr. Cornewall Lewis's reported speech, fearing the injury they might do our common cause. Mr. Lewis was invited by a body of electors of this city to come down and give an exposition of his political prin ciples at a public meeting of this constituency, in the hope that he might gain the support of the entire liberal party at our next election. lie did so. Several questions were put to him, chiefly by a small section of the liberals, with a view to draw from him distinct pledges to support certain principles, =ono which Vote by Ballot, Household Suffrage, Aloitn Church Rates, and Separation of Church sod State, were prominent. In his replies he did not merely say, in the in stance of the vote by ballot, that " the question was sur rounded by difficulties," he did not shirk it in this way, but he • ntered at considerable length int) the nature of th ose difficulties, showing how much may be said on both .ides of that important question. Many liberals, most anxious for (realm of election, doubt the efficacy of the ballot box in securing the secrecy of a vote at parliamentary eleeti o i s and how do you think the ballot boa andeonfessional would work together iu Ireland.? Surely the ballot box would either fail to secure the voter from the intimidation of sh e Romish priest, or utterly demoralise his esaract, by cu. cnursging him to lie. But Mr. Lewis admitted fully th e enormity of the evil which, as some think, the ballot.bux is to remedy. Ile believes that he lost his election fur the county of Hereford through the intimidation of voters and su personal experience has confirmed bin opiuiuo thai some plan must be devised to secure freedom of vutine. Again, in his reply t the question on household suffrage, he spoke well and at considerable length, deehriug dis tinctly his advocacy of an extended franchise, bat such extension must be gradual to be cafe. Look at France, where the suffrage has been too hanti4 given; under the appearance of freemen, the inhabitant, ul that unfortuuate country weer the chains of the most galling slavery. Again, with revect to the abolition of church rater, Mr. Lewis is not such a simpleton al to tell any constituency, as his only reason for retaining it or a substitute, that it is a "very ancient pas." Ito freely admitted is apparent us felines; in certain cases, and would have this tax aboli s h e d , on condition of some grant being provided fur the repair of parishes churches, and in support of this opinion be gave his reasons fully. In conclusion, let me Ira uf you to I,l[l. eider whether you have not, by your remarks on Mr. Lewis's imperfectly reported speech, led the Derbyite party to suppose that there is room here for it De 011ie candidate. At the last election they did bring forward one, but we beat them, aided though they were by the extreme rade:ale I am truly happy to soy that Mr. Cornewall Lewis has been very well received here, mid his curlews!' has been nv , t successful, and that we are confident of plating him at the heal of the poll. But a contest we are anxious to avoid (although we hare not a shadow of duelist as to the result), awl then I stemey deprecate the tone of your remarks, whirl, by encouraging a split iu the liberal camp might induce a IL rhyite to toms forward. You know Mr. Li win's worth as a public moo, kis admirable pamphlet on the financial state of the country has greatly advanced the growth of free-trade principles, and was the immediate cause of his being invited here by the liberal party ; and believe me we shall show the men of Herefordshire that wo can appreciate public servicia though they could nut. 1 trust these remarks will not be too long for your columns ; they come from an ear nest advocate of liberal principles, but who believes that progress to be improvement must be slow awl well consi dered. ALPHA. Peterborough, August 24. TILE ARGILEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. NEWCASTLE,w V.DNE ,, I)AV EVP.NINci. This morning, at 10 o'clock, the hi.toncal section met In We theatre of the Literary aial Society, soder the presidency of we lter. JAM!S Raise, of Derheat. JOHN HODGSON lIINDE, E•q., read a paper on the State of Newcastle and Gateshead daring the Saton period, which had been originally compil, at in suniewaat fuller detail, as a contribution to a comprehensive h a t.,,y of Newcastle, on which Mr. Richardson 1,4 I been f r some time engaged. Mr. Made also read a paper on the ancient trade of Newcastle, showing the gradual manner in which the town had risen to the prosperity it now enjoys. The Earl of CARLISLE, who had arrived as Mr. 'bride was finishing his paper, now took the chair, and called upon Mr. Thomas John Taylor to read a paper upon the Archaeology of the Coal Trade. Mr. TAYLOR, after remarking that he had enlarged the customary bases of inquiry, bee Luse coal-mining had long ceased to be a separate subject of in vestigation—eting asso ciated with the steam-ensile, with railway*, long called "Newcastle wads," and with gasdightine—obserred that the most ancient employment of coal would be fauna to hese been among the Chinese. It was mentioned, under the name of " litiianthrax," by • single Greek author, as having been found at Eli, and used I,om:times by 'mid". The name of "stone-coal" was natural enough from ds hardness; and Bum Sylolus, in the fifteenth century, mentioned that he had seen, with much surprise, what appeared to him to be lumps of black stone given as alms to the poor at the gates of the Scottish monasteries. The Romans appeared to have had no proper name for coal, yet it was need among them. The records of the Antiquarian Society of this town showed that rod cinders formed part of the relics found at Roman stations, yet the Romans did not seem ever to have worked it systematically ; and bells of coal were vet entire. near some of their stations. Yet it was evident, from their other operations, that this was not from any want of mining skill. Wood at that time was so abundant, that =thing else was needed fur fuel. In the year h 52 a payment in kind was made to the Abbey of Petereorough, consisting of ale, wood, and 12 vassals of (weal or pit coal. Probably, this was fur smiths' use. The use of coal, however, was long very limited ; and in the Leger Burgerum, made about Ilia, a particular privilege was granted to those abs brought fuel into boroughs. but coal wan not anon; the kinds mentioned. These laws ware made in Newcastle by David, King of Scotland, then in possession of the town Probably coals were used for manufacturing purposes in Newcastle, and exported also, before the grant of any roaal charter to work them; because privileges were not sought till their value was known. In 1239 Ilenry 111. granted a charter to the freemen of Newcastle to dig coals in the Castle field and the Furth. Six years afterwards coal was called by Matthew Paris " cork math," sea coal, from its brig taken to London by sea. The mines at Leige, the New castle of the continent, were discovered in 1189. The tracts of grouud extra muros," mentioned in the charter of Henry lII. ' with the Town Moor, contained, at that time several beds of coal, particularly the scam from Me ID six feet thick, called the 'High Main. In aid of the fees form rent payable to King John, the liberty to dig cab was granted by his summon In 1305, towards the end of the reign of Edward I, artizans and others used coal, oteer fuel becoming scarce in populous districts ; but the pulse meat declared it a noxious nuisance, corrupting the air by its smoke. A commission was therefore appointed to destroy these furnaces, and fine all who persisted in using them. This, however, failed ; and a few years after 10s. worth of coal was used in the king's palter, at the coronation. Coal smoke had often been complained of since, and it was to be hoped that some method of consuming it, suf ficiently economical to be brought into general use, would soon be discovered. In the beginning of the lth century the coal trade was found to be progressing by the upsw ing of new mines, while the old were still worked. Teo of the new ones were mentioned as having been let by the Prior of Tynemouth, near Elswick. The term " stashes" was found in English in a lease in 133 a; tte word then included a storehouse for the coal. A licocce granted by Edward 111. showed that the coal-fieldain the Medea , district were then opened ; snit a document fray the Pipe Rolls of the Exchequer, dated February 19,130., showed that coals were then being worked in Winlatom In the middle of the 11th century the working of cook ' extended on the north, south, and west of Newcastle, bat only where it lay near the surface. Mr. Taylor here de scribed the mode of mining is those dap, and remarked that the price of Newcastle coal in London was relstin:y higher than now. Coal mines, further, were worked Beellingtonshire, and their produce probably shipprd the river Blyth ; for the Bishop of Durham, in appointed a supervisor of his mince in that dinr.r. The rolls of Whitby Abbey, in 1395, showed that thirteen shillings and fourpence was paid for CO3l to William Retie, of Suaderland. In the faun teenth century the first notice was found of duties leal upon coal. Mr. Taylor here gave various detain TV• lating to the duties, and proceeded. During the waned the Hoses little tespecting coal mining was recorded. The Northumberland Household book mentions the peer 1.112; at that time coal was burned with a mixture of trod, till the latter became too scarce. In 1529, Carillon Wiervea than Bishop of Durham, appoiated a supervisor of the bad, iron, and coal mines within his demesne lands. In Thomas Gardiner. l'rior of Tynemouth, granted a less,. of the coal mines in Elawick, at the annual rent of 201. a limit upon the quantity rained ; a condition not found at the earlier grants. In the latter part of the lath center/ coal was in general use for manufacturing and cabal purposes, but not fur domestic tires. In 14; it is oar tamed as having found its way into some of the PI! merchants' parlours. Among the documents in La T.'s) possession, was a lease front n Phizaheth to.er Nicholas Tempest, of coal mines at Stella, tle-n teal Stellcv and Stellingtoo. In 10th) Elizabeth incorpo the society of boatmen, who had existed as a guild n?''! castle from time immemorial ; they were named at 7'l charter as being incorporated for the better loading: 4 r disposing of Coals is the Tyne. Amongst some details raw ,given by Mr. Taylor, ho pointed out the misappr ,h,cso* which had ,arisen from the word ° tens" having. col hl of' take, been taken for " tons; " the ten " having pbd been about twenty-one tons. In 1619 a Met atren woo made to smelt iron with pit coal. Coke had . need for drying malt and other mimeses Pr''' °e `'' • 1610, but was not used successfidly for coal eil after ; when, iu consequence, the iron trade, which 'IN . literally been almost extinguished for want of fui wined, and progressed with extraordimuy charcoal had now to be used, nearly half the suttee , island must be devoted to tla, growth of woad for n wnsoalufenuertauiriew.a,l7...4Mdre.scir'aibeylodr.oLtof the Jh: Hone as well as the drainage of mine., the lesel." 1 ar ' . oected with the application of the steam engin e to e : . anarpotes, tic , and then noticed the moil, fit impree,.. 'upon the coal railways. The ventilation of nom , 0 , Iniegzhttinsughjeicita,oif.grepomainrtke,d to follotwheedubusn'cnibt many interesting particulars, Mr. Ties for paper (which took an hour and a half it, reading' •• ,1 following estimate of the total present consularA ' in Great Britain :In operations connected .; I. . . ores, 10,500,000 tans; for railways anal gas, a o ' for domestic consumption and all other - tons; total, :15,900,000 tons; expotted, 3, roet,tnst t" . 39,100,000 taus. wh T o h le e ii, E c ar ti l on of . C o A ui ß d L h l e S ar l t , i E ls s c a o i n d , u h r e w w it a l s , lution of thanks to Mr. Taylor, for the able and ter' , paper he had read. To use a common phrase Mr. 'Taylor had " brought his coals to Nk weletle ingly well. (Applause.) Willi ri to On ' „ very comprehensive statement, as lie (1,01 l'a , • , longer the Chief Commissioner of the W ' be was not callet aue derived trot sent and unprol There was south was sure they wi e apressed, that el smoke from man Re should be ye' called the great I some feasible plc tint thing coming tion of mites wa hoped it would ecientific and bet i g h le ion o t i s i tßasw d n'Spod m ai nsl. bp an t lon b :if n oo ni ii ' o o t el c sel4jl l l t er w ahp ui tue' g htk ' u sada o ehittrr i l ai a rg it sedebvhd p u vele n . s aoi a bi I n a foa n ioB:n e lr a° f ii p on:D a e u t eihn f i d bh ni n na:: e . o r m h i t. BrPn be s : t rhiE r 'oe. : ‘ ° e u: i oe ,.. en c ri t °ell l,, ' i g t t l repose into the t their arms in the surprised rod *la remained in du the handles of t damp. The as two sword bhu appendage, 'shit hilt of a weapm. decay. It was vi of Watliug•streei Northumberland try within a kw ports were roan Museum collect.• with the memoir parties might be These prom rt at remember with h his Orace the Di and he had now Rev. J. C. Bruce ychtenlay or the the expense of th resting altar had acriptioa which h John Clayton. - ' " ier of iniiial lett( was co identical coney. M. PULSKI, paper on =chat until tho evening Votive Monumen the Rev. J. M. T child Urns," by In the afternoo vectivcd special Ravensworth Ca Thomas Lidd,ll, the Right lion. I To-morrow pal Nicholas Church, On Tyucmouth M.A.; " On the John Doh3on, E'. C. U. Ilirtshorno the institute aia I chair. KIK Grim sated his intentit ROYAL NO} The annual a shire Agricultural sad has been a v attendance of the Derby, has been f day of the meet trial of implement the best modes of stately the early pa trial of husbandry to be postponed. log the discourager went weather, and men and farmers w proceedings in prat eluded the use of 1 ploughs, harrows, r former far transmit description in this cultiss the farmer I seasou like the pier a reason ample ems had been entered, 1 the heavy natal only two—one be chine, and the into operation. a field of wheat sal show their disadva: them. The admii was large, and mar deep as the furrow' first inspection of disposed to view th, very hopeful light finding expression " never heard no t those who inventee farmers;' whilst on seem disappoint , machine being dee up in the air so as These latter, howe chanical skill enou this fault, by the a which would culla lower either side o the irregularities o that two hones a along. The plout haps, to the tni place in a field ■ and situation if witnessing the see number of competi The w, ether C.r and stock, which tious, bring of as wished. The rho acres in extent, on town, close to the s there was ample sr secretary of the sot of the ground, and party mixed with t during the els] avenues dividing machinery, ..a flu this company wire Heywood, M.P.; Parker, M.P., of ker, of Sutton Gra ahaw ; Mr. Jame Garnett, of Ileac' ston 11411; Mr. A dale, of 131ackburn The show of beast to that of former Mr. Charles Town six descriptions of horned hull. 3 yea Thomas Harebell, prize, of 10f., to 'clout to the let Js of brood mares, entire horses than also exhibited. T the latter sustains meetings in this pi A new feature ion of poultry, and is large increase this show of roots was to cheese had the gether. In the implcmen and liatt'i Portal engine, attracted chaff machine, wit and Chandler, whi the three kingdom first honour award one of the judges i tention to be a put were deserving of cularise them. The following is adjudge the premi to cultivation CLASS " There were iil we award the first waite, near Cocker of crop, on a farn I I :: nur s ed with ten ton niainder with five 1 Mead.. 3 l e : e fi d n a r i d nw r tcajohtpcnhe inches e : 2 1 : 2 e a n : : after oat:, on a bit rd r i t o h . e inl : 11 7 sista of 10 acres, a In/tinder with four yellow cloy subsoiL " 11 " For these pre