The Express. — London, England, 1852-07-13 00:00:00

Zile erVregsfs• TO CORKESPUNDENTS, • ..t Velltica t"I t• raper," rodeletag iM ems tseestrire I,fall tie." st published every l'insiey awl YMq la Yaw I ry st. • tt timu.teetslateeded for "The Uprise," Lemke 11,4 Wig haper, te it the t ttllee. 10. Somerfohetnet, 4 N. Wank ea the OAI yhtht....1102. 11100 'ArATISit AT LONDON BRIDGE. Itu. 'AT -. •Meninlig. I Ili. 4*. Allenams.llh. nu. monitor —Mors.log. Os. Oft —.--Ats•rafte. Ok. 11a. LONDON, TUESDAY, JULY 13. 'fills mail from the United States brings the news that HENRY CLAY is dead. Long ere this the im reeds e funeral 'service—perhaps the most imposing, if soot the most affecting in the world—has been per formed iu the l'apitoL The coffin has been borne into the House of Representatives, followed by the whole executive and legislature. The President of the Senate and the Speaker of the Representatives ' base occupied the chair. the l'resident has sat before the coffin, and the members of the congress, each with the crape round his arm, have listened to the voice of religion, telling them how the quiet sleep of death must succeed to the must vehement conflicts how the inhaler of death niust drown the most aitinieving and the most persuasive of the voices that have veer rung through those echoing hulls. The leisson could never be more impressive than when the cellist of Ilemtv CLAY was the text of exhortation. mind that ever uttered itself there was more cer tain to animate to enterprise; no voice more irre sistibly persuasive ever won the sensibilities of friend and kw. Less was known of him as an orator, and even as a statesman, in foreign countries, titan of other orators and statesmen of the last half century, because his attributes were such as could not be conveyed in portraits and newspapers. In cessant attempts to take his portrait all failed to produce one which could be re cognised by those who knew him much or ('tuna - N'S singular head, and countenance painfully lull of life, and Welisrtat's massive brow awl eve e mous eles c mid he made familiar through out whik Welty Ctsv's portraits could neither be recognised by those who knew him, nor seine nbereel for tire minutes by those who did not. It is the same with their oratory. I'vi.uors's sin gular theories, beginning in ingenuity, and ending in monomania, can never be supposed to he uttered ' by any other man ; and the sonic may he paid of 111,11:teS best performanees,—his eine constitu tional arernmentv, such as they were in his best days. lIINRY ( . 1.%V . S reported speeches partake of the ut utralitv of which he evtr boasted in the Com p rapist , * which were the principle of his states niatehip. It needed to see the moistened se, the quivering lip, the tremulous hands, playing with the spectacles, and the movements of the tall lithe figure ; it needed to hear the wonderful variety of his tones, and to have thrilled to the exquisite pathos of his voice, to understand the power which he exercised over the whole mind of those who listened to him in a silence which seemed as if it could never be broken. The silence bas changed sides now. It is he who is mute, while every other voice is busy in discussing his powers and his deeds. The powers and the deeds of HENRY CLAY are a subject which, for its importance, may be discussed in other countries than his own ; for no American statesman of the present century used his faculty and his position fur objects so largely affecting the ' interests of the world. Ile had become old; and his influence had waned as a policy of Compromise receded before the positive needs of the age; and thus, if he had lived to the extremest term of human existence. and had died at last in his senatorial chair, he would not have produced, probably, any additional effect on the coming destinies of nations, ' or even classes ; but his days of effective statesman ship should not therefore be allowed to pass into ob- ' livion, nor the phase of public life which ho presented be lust because it has. for some years, slid back ' among the things which were, and which cannot be again. If it is true in any case that nothing but good should be spoken of the dead, it can never be true of statesmen. No true statesman could desire it ; and the weakest aspirant who enters into political life must be aware that in choosing his career, he waives his claim to the privilege,—if privilege it be,—of partial appreciation after death. In the present case. the truth must be spoken, for the sake of those whom it affects; and if there be pain in it, there is the least pain to those who spoke it openly while the man was yet alive, and able to prove by his acts whether the judgment was harsh or just. HENRY CLAY avowed through his whole political course that WA , IIINGTON was his model, and he claimed for his policy of Compromise the praise accorded by the world to NVAsIIINGTON'S principle, temper, and career of moderation. It will never be forgotten by those who heard him how gloriously heenlogised, while looking up to the great man's portrait in the Senate, Wasiiistaolv's wisdom, shown in his crowning grace of moderation. Nothing could he finer than the eulogy ; but, when the idea and the sentiment were translated by himself into action, they came out in the miserable form of Compromise, which had no principle for its basis, and no conservative virtue in its action. lloth were Virginians by birth. Bothlad th , temperament of whichl'irginians are proud—impul sive, irascible, haughty, warm in domestic affections, strong in self-will, sensitive in honour, open-hearted in hospitality, devoted in friendship. How, in WssiitsGrox's case, the finer tendencies became sub limed, and the more selfish ones transmuted into virtues, there is no need to tell. How, in the other case, the faults degraded the virtues, the acts of a long life but too plainly show. Let the acts speak for themselves. It is necessary only to point out, in answer to the probable inquiry, how men of this temperament should have their names associated with moderation and compromise, the dif ference of the way in which the result was brought about in each. V. ASWINGTON found himself, against his wish, raised to the post of umpire and ruler amidst the factions and conflicts of a nascent nation ; and, in • solemn conscientiousness, he disciplined himself to the sublimest moderation that the world ever saw. CLAY, ambitious of • pre-eminence which he never fully attained, put • strong restraint on his damaging impetuosity of nature, and finding his faculty of adaptation the only means by . which he could secure the leadership of a promising party developed it into the rarest genie. for Com-, promise that the world, perhaps, ever saw. His genius carried him a long way. It carried him into an intoxicating temporary paradise of thanks and praise.; it carried him almost through the surging* of parties into the presidential chairt— almost,tut not quite. The retribution came a li ttle too quickly. Withering airs of distrust found their way into his paradise : the forces of convenience failed before he had cleared the throng of factions ; he was let drop in the mdst of the struggle ; and he sank, disappointed and mortified,—affording the pathetic spectacle to others of baffled ambition, and himself witnessing the tremendous spectacle of his nation about to reap the whirlwind from the wind that he had sown. His name first interested Europe, and England in particular, from his being one of the commissioners who concluded the Treaty of Ghent, in December, 1414. The commissioners, British and American, sent home word that they had " Compromised their difficuWes ;" the treaty was signed on the 24th of December ; and the useless and melancholy battle of New Orleans was fought in January, from the news not being known in America. This " Compromise of difficulties" was, like all Mr. CLAY'S other Compro mises. a mere postponement of the solution which must one day be found, and an agreement to a pro visional course meanwhile. The ostensible objects of the war were left on one side; and the all-important matter of the boundaries, since so difficult to deal with, was to be negotiated, some time or other, b future commissioners. HENRY CLAY was, though the youngest of his party, manager and head; and should have, therefore, the chief share of the adverse judgment on the transaction ;—a judgment which was unfavourable on both sides the Atlantic, and which would have been more so if England had not been in huts to declare herself at peace with all the world, and the American government eager to close, on almost on any terms, a war which every citizen hated, and no one could understand. Next, Mr. CLAY effected the Compromise of which, of all his feats in that direction, ho was the most proud,— except, perhaps, one. In 1820 there was an applica tioa from the territory of Missouri to be admitted es a state into the Union. Missouri had sieve institn tions, which were by this time abollaherin all the northern states. Missouri, mparated only by • river ' from free Illinois, might and ought to base been ad monished and encouraged at this eenjunctire to it) , aside slavery ; and deeply has that state since mourned that this was not done. The northern states were strong enough to have insisted on this as a condition of admission into the Union ; but the persuasive voice of HENRY CLAY beguiled them into • " Compromise" the celebrated Missouri Compromise—by which the north gained nothing and the south gained a solemn sanction and an indefinite prolongation of slavery. Mr. CLAY drew the lino north of which slavery was not to exist ; and he pointed out how Maine would thus be admitted, with her northern freedom, into the Union as en equivalent for Missouri with her slaves. But the interdiction of slavery north of the proposed lino was a warrant for it south of that line; and the admission of Arkansas and Florida, as slave states, soon followed of course. Mr. CLAY, who had before this so Compromised mat ters in his own adopted state of Kentucky, as to prevent the abolition of slavery, which would have been effected but for him, foresaw the admission of Arkansas end Florida. The politicians of the north were either blind to this result, or hoped that no mischief would came of it. They were afraid of present clamour, and of any question about the Union. Having got the troublesome wind shut up, they hoped that something would prevent its burst ing forth as the whirlwind. Its approaching roar, however, reached the cars of the two great leaders as they were on their death beds. CALHOUN, who had said, from the day that he first stood up to speak till he could stand no more, that American slavery was as immortal as any other decree of I'rovidencc, announced, before lie breathed his last, that the days of slavery were numbered ; and CLAY, after a final effort to lay the hurricane by one more desperate Compromise, saw, through the films which gathered on his dying eyes, the flights of vic..iins from the iniquities of his fugitive slave law—the murders of kidnappers—the chains drawn round the courts of justice—and the marshalling of the strong and pure-hearted to defy his policy, and establish a "higher law" than his. On his dying ear fell the tramp of this host which he had supposed to be a little band of helpless remonstrants ; and, with this, came the more appalling sound—the rumble which warned him of the approaching explosion of his Compromises, leaving only the fearful question, whether the Union itself would not be broken up with:them. For volcanoes abroad ho had a great admiration. The recognition by his country of the independence of the South American republics was his doing. In this, he was unquestionably sincere, earnest, and full of generous sympathy. And so be was with regard to the Greeks, whose cause ho embraced with great ardour. If, in both cases, he exaggerated the merits, and painted too fair the prospects of his clients, this was an error on the right aide, where human sagacity must be expected to fail; and it was one in which he had for comrades the best men in all free countries. Perhaps the fairest aspect of his life is that in which we see him the advocate and protector of South American and Greek liberties. THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EY*ll JULY 13, 1852. CM that eeteetit Film up the eltablisitment of the Myskyvhiela suite him by the facility of getting 4t without attracting general attention, and by the convenience of the garde's where the Prince likes to ssi ilk MA. inoening. 11 joint circular of General St. Aroma and M. do ?ileum, addressed to the officers of the gendarmerie and the general and special inspectors of police, dated June 15, has only just come to light. It states that several officers of gendarmerie have felt some doubt as to the nature of their relations with the mi nister of police and with the depot boons! authori- I ties. It admits that tho police inspectors] have not always rightly understood these relations, and have in some instances exceeded their rights and powers. The ministers of war and of general police, when applied to separately for instructions by their respective agents, have also sometimes , dif fered in their interpretation of the text of the laws " and decrees relating to this matter. They have there " fore determined to issue joint instructions, in order to remove all doubt for the future. The circular thus shortly defines the effect of the creation of the new office upon the gendarmerie :—Tho institution of the ministry of general police imposes no new obligation upon the gendarmerie ; the minister of general police has purely and simply been substituted for the Minister of the Interior in everything that relates to the general safety. With some inconsistency, considering that the ministers have, by their own avowal, differed in their inter pretation of the law, it is stated that the mere quo tation of the texts of the law will be sufficient to in form officers and police icspeetcre of the limits of their respective duties. A royal ordonnance of 1820 is then Net forth rerbutina, with the instruction that " Minister of the Interior" must now be read " Minis ter of Police," and then all will be simple. With re ference to the excess of their powers attempted by the police inspector, it is said that the only object of placing the gendarmerie under their orders for certain purposes is tho general safety. The gend armerie is never, either directly or indirectly, to be employed is any occult mission of a nature to alter its true character. It is to act in the face of day, under the eye of those whom it protects. The small account made of M. de Persigny in this circular is very remarkable. It has been often noticed as ex traordinary that the oldest and most intimate friend of the President should consent to fill so secondary an office as that of minister of the interior has been made by the creation of the minister of police. It might at least have been expected that he would have been a party to any definition of the powers of the new functionary. hut General St. Arnaud and M. do Maupas, without admitting him to their councils, coolly tell the gendarmerie that all doubts and difficulties will be removed by reading " minister of police" instead of "minister of the interior." Simultaneously with the issue of this cir cular there appears another upon the same circular, from General St. Arnaud, to the generals commanding military divisions, which makes confusion worse confounded. The joint cir cular states distinctly that no new obligations are imposed upon the gendarmerie. The minister at war, writing by himself, says : "New duties are im posed upon the gendarmerie, but its zeal and devo tedness will always rise to the height of its mission." The generals are then ordered to send the two circu lars to the officers under their command, with direc tions to study both of them carefully. Rather hard reading this for military men. You will remember a succession of reports of some thing wrong at St. Omer. At one timo it was said that a military rebellion had broken out there, peo ple talked mysteriously of men having been shot behind walls, and all sorts of sinister rumours were current. Nobody however believed that any thing serious had taken place till a general official contra diction in a Jfoniteur .• communique" drew attention to the subject. What may have been the founda tion of the unquestionably exaggerated reports is as much a mystery as ever, but it is clear that some thing out of the common way is yet going on in that town. The Emancipator of Carnbrai gives without comment the extraordinary intelligence that all the police agents of St. Omer have been suspended by order of the mayor. The duties of the police'are to be performed provisionally by the garde champkrea of the faubourge, the two apparitors of the town, and any other person that the mayor may appoint. The .Patrie contains tho following discouraging account of the state of opinion in another district : The information which the Minister of War has obtained as to the state of public opinion in the department of the Allier, not only from the local authorities, but from notable pemons of the country, is far from being satisfactory. We 'thew from a good source that from this serious examination results the unquestionable proof that the demagogical party, overthrown for a time, is acting secretly, in seeking mon strous al li ances, and encouraging guilty hopes. But the vigilant eye of the government will know how to baffle all these schemes, the insputuanee of which equals the folly. If the several departments the amnesties accorded have produced good results, it is not the sone in the Allier, where the violence of most of the pardoned tends to cams disquietude amongst men of order. In comparing these Dmptoms with the abortive attempts of the Rue de la ins Blanche, we can only sigh over the audacity and injustice of the parties who respond to the clemency of Louis Napoleon by ingratitude. Is it thus, then, that they thank him for those beautiful words lately utterred by his mouth, " Be the faithful echo of the feeling which reigns here • confidence in conciliation and peace ?" The elections for the councils-general are to be conducted upon the principle which was applied to these of the Legislative Body. Government candi dates are to be designated by the prefects. To-day the President is diverting himself with the chase in the Park of St. Cloud. Several of the ministers are of the party. A frightful accident occurred yesterday evening at Rouen. At about ten in the evening the steamer Minion, from La Bouille, arrived with 700 peiwgees on board. On approaching the landing-plaaaa the quay, the vessel upset, owing to the passengers rush ing simultaneously to one side. In an instant the fore-part of the ship filled with water. It was so near the quay, that several were fortunate e to jump to land. Numbers, however, fell in i roTt water. The Seine is notoriously dangerous at Rouen, owing to the shifting sands, in which lives are con stantly lost. Many of the boatmen and persons on shore plunged courageously into the stream, and rescued numbers amidst piercing cries, ren dered more distressing by the darkness. It was feared that many must inevitably perish, bat at a late hour last night no dead body had been head, and only two persons were known to be The hut despatches received from Rouen to-day says that, thanks to the courage and activity theinhabitants, there is reason to hope that there fa not a single victim of a disaster which, in all pro bability, might have had such terrible consequences. The Astemblee Nationale, in its commercial re dew of the week, says : New materiali sash as cotton, silk, and wool which are =lla OW great manufactories, keep up their prices. ime is lases Ilan in cotton than in the preceding week, prices are sasiatained, and important transactions take glass at Ram. The same Is the use In Provence for silk, =dist the dilltritat markets of France and Europe as regards weal. Wiens and spirits keep up at good prices. The seep draw will be indifferent in most of the wins distrlete. Oa the other hand the crops of corn will Carn ig dent, sad a draw of 3fr. the hectolitre, hes in esasenweems, taken *se in our markets. At the Bourn the Four -and-a-Half per Cents. rase 10e., and clos ed at 103.20; the Threes rose 15c., and closed at 7240. Bank of France shares expe rienced the extraordinary rise of 45f. The St. Ger main railway rose 70fr. ; Orleans, 32.50 ; R ouen a nd Ilavre, eac h ; Marseilles, 3.75; Northern and Stras bourg, 2.50 each; Lyons, 1.25. Western and Dieppe fell 1.25 each. SWITZERLAND. • Letters and journals from Neufchatel confirm our yesterday's report of the signal majority of the Re kublicans, in comparison with the Royalists, at the meeting held on the nth inst. ?ho following is the speech addressed by M. Lambley to the Republican Aseembly If you sad been told three months since that you would to day enter the li,ts to defend the Republic, and to cause the will of the people to bo respected, you could not have believed it. The party of your oils, .sarica Lid been com pletely beaten at the elections. What then baa happened that they have dared to raise their heads? Has not the government performed its duty ? (" Yes, yes.") Has not the Grand Council acted for the interest of all ? Why has this assembly become necessary ? I will tell you. A pro tocol has been drawn up in London regarding the rights of the Sovereignty of the King of Prussia to the Canton. (Several voices: " Ile has none.") On that our adversaries have thought that they might destroy all we have dune since ISIS. is our will no longer of any avail? 11°,4 the King of Prussia again believe that ho can oppress the great majority by the minority? (Several voices: "It is un just.") Whatever may bo the tenor of the protocol we will .not acknowledge it. (" No, no; long live the Ite public.") The protocol signifies nothing, unless it proves that the great majority of the people wish to return under the ancient yoke. We do nut regard the interest of the greet powers; we see but the interest of the country. We will he Swiss, and nothing but Swiss; but you must give your assent, nut verbally, but in writing. (Enthusiastic cheers.) That is the reason why the committee propose to you to sign a declaration. Upon this, the declaration given yesterday was handed round and signed. A. second resolution adopted in like manlier was thus framed:—" The people of Neufchatel demand of the government the adoption of necessary measures for suppressing the agitation against the republic and for punishing the agitators; for this purpose it also demands the intim, diate convocation of the Grand Council." The two assemblies separated without any breach of the peace beyond one or two insignificant private SPAIN. MADRID, JULY 7. The rumours of a coup <Mat arc revived, in conse quence of an article in the Onlre, concluding with these words : " The President of the Couucil expects his colleagues at La Granja, and everything induces a belief that the journey to that royal residence will be fruitful in incidents, which we will endeavour to lay before our readers as they occur." FRANCE. PARIS, MONDAY Eve:gist). The dismissal of the liberal cabinet in Belgium has received here comments of the most contradictory kind. Some pretend to see in this change a triumph of the clerical partv, and the first blow dealt on the free institutions of that kingdom. Others hope for a continuation of the prudent policy which has won for Leopold the reputation of a wise monarch, who puts faith in constitutional principles, and does not grasp at an extension of prerogative, which would narrow the base of his throne rather than increase its dignity. Under these circumstances it would be premature to offer any opinion as to the real nature of the present crisis. Meanwhile I am informed from arespectable source that the formation of the new cabinet is committed to the Minister of Finance. If this be true, the clerical party have no reason to congratulate themselves on the downfall of the mi nistry of M. Charles Reece, as his presumed suc cessor, M. Frre-Orban, was by far the ablest of their adversaries, and, as such, the chief butt of their hostilities. On the other hand, it is not to be lost sight of that this step has been taken by Leopold on his return from the baths of Nassau, which have been this year the resort of some highly influential members of foreign courts, grouped about the Em pais of Russia as centre. In this atmosphere the :Etions presented to the Belgian King would tly rather tend to weaken his allegiance to constitutional principles, and transform his faith in a free parliament and pre= to a superstitious belief in the bayonet and crucifix. But what ever may be the upshot of this change of cabinet, it may not be amiss to say a word here about the ministers who have just resigned. In Belgium, still more than in France, at least until lately, the road to power lies through the bar and the press. Thus we find nearly al the ex-ministers were either advocates or journalists, or both. The head of the cabinet, M. Charles Rogier, before the revolution of 1830, was the editor of the Polilirse, a newspaper which carried on a vigorous opposition to the government of the Dutch King William. M. }tower was at that time naturally the ally of the l Belgian catholic party, which desired separation from Holland. After the achievement of the inde pendence of Belgium, in 1832, M. Rogier became Member of a coalition cabinet, half-catholic, half liberal ; but the catholics, getting the upper hand, thrust out their liberal colleagues, and, gave M. Eogier the government of the province of Ant werp. After resuming office for a short time in 1840 M. Hagler went again into opposition, and was the most active member in that political campaign against the government which led to the dissolu tion of the Chamber of Deputies and the General elections of June, 1847. On the 12th of August in the same year a liberal ministry came into office, of which M. Charles Hagler became the president, and so remained till a few days back. It was by this timely reform in the Belgian government that the throne of Leopold was enabled to resist the revo lutionary shock of the succeeding year, and remained' unshaken while some of the great European powers were a prey to anarchy. M. Frero-Orban, the mi nister of finance was, perhaps, in influence, the lead ing member of the late cabinet. Of humble extraction but vigorous character,M.Frere found a stepping stone to fortune in an advantageous marriage with a Mdlle. Orban, whose name he appended to his own. Before his election to the Chamber, be was the editor of the Journal de Liege, his native city. Another distinguished member of the cabinet is M. Teach, Minister of Justice, an advocate of Luxembourg,l who was, even so late as 1850, editor of the Bela the Luxembourg. General Anted, at the head of the War department, was an old officer of the French army, and high in the confidence of King Leopold, whew aide-de-camp ho is. M. Constant Hoffschmidt, Minister of Foreign Affairs, was Minister of Public Works in the cabinet of M. Theux in 1845. M. Emile van Hoorbeke, the Minister of Public Works, 7:1 radical in advocate, and perhaps the most decided in the cabinet, having been promoted to the adaistry from the editorship of an ultra-liberal paper, the Obserralano. ing the ministerial crisis in Belgium the Pep says: The only question is whether the whole ministry will ratite, or whether the three ministers more essentially poli tical, will alone do en, A catholic ministry generally sp pours impossible, end it is nearly certain that a ministry of modissablihornis will be established. Amongst the names =sag Is haw part of the new cabinet, is that of M. gvory cons.den the change which is about is Inlie limos as livi,l),e to the maintenance of good relations Isiesaa haws sod Belgium, and it is not doubted that the Mobs which de Belgian government certainly hue of ordalliaing thus relations will liars some influence on the =itdon of the new cabinet. M. Firmin Rogier, who is post of military plenipotentiary in France, to the IMO position of his brother, will very probably be replaced. It Is mid here that he will be called to a diplomatic poet of ism importance or to the goverment of a province in Bel gium A report prevails that the Czar has had a stroke of apoplexy at Berlin. The ministry of state has been removed lately from the body of the Tuileries into the old quarters occupied by General Jacqueminot, the commander of the national guard under Louis Philippe, which is on the npectator's left as he looks front the triumphal arch of the Carrousel towards the Louvre. The meaning of this arrangement is that the President, on his return from the voyage to the south, will take up his abode in the Tuderiem. He will not, however, BELGIUM. The Independonee Beige of yesterday says : We are assured that, atter the resolution taken by the members of the cabinet to tender their resignations to the King, orders were sent to the Belgian plenipotentiaries at Paris to suspend the negotiations entered into for the re- newal of the convention of December 13, 1845, and to ask for a prologattoa for some months of that convention whose effi:cts expire, we believe, on the 18th August next. ITALY. NAPLES, JrLir 4. His Sicilian Majesty has determined to reside per manently at Gaeta, where be is building a villa. Cabinet councils are now held at Gaeta, the ministers leaving Naples once a week for that purpose. Political prisoners, to the number of 3s, have re ceived release during the last few days. They belong to a class called "suspected," and have not been mi med of any particular offence. The United States frigate Cumberland anchored in the bay of Naples yesjerday. ALGIERS. Accounts from Algiers, to the sth instant, are as follows : A telegraphic despatch, dated Oran, 4th, announces that I General de Montauban writes, from his camp at Kiss, that the envoy of the Emperor of Morocco, Abdel-Sadok, was then in his (the general's) tent, and that everything had been arranged between them. The affairs in the eastern province had t then as favourable a turn as those in the western. General MaeMahon had returned to Constantine on the 2nd. On the 26th ult. the column encamped at Chetirfa, in the territory of the Mehatts, and found the country abandoned. During tho 27th and the 2Sth the houses and olive grounds were destroyed. The column afterwards descended into the plain of the Oued-el-Keliir 1 with one hundred men of the rear-retard, who, conducted with the greatest care and precision by General Hoe , quet, dispersed some Arabs who had assembled, without any loss in killed, and having only nine of his men wounded. When once the column bad entered the country of the Oulad-Aidouns it met with no more re sistance, and reached Constantine by the upper gorges of the Oued-el-liebir. General MacMahon, who has con ' ducted this campaign with great still and perseverance, sums up its results as follows: The expedition has bad the effect of impressing on a number of tribes the uselessness of contending against the French troops, and the ne cessity of their making their submission, which they have done. Among this number is the large tribe of the Oulad- Aidouns, ono fraetion only of which, the Nefredias, has abandoned its territory . The Deni-Meslems, the Ileni-bcn- Aids, and the Beni-Ferguens have joined the French, and the other tribes will be obliged to follow their example, as all their communications are cut off by those who have THE AUSTRALIAN GOLD FIELDS. PRYAR'S CREEK. The following letter appeared in the Geelong Ad vertiser, end is mated to be furnished by a very respectable curreqxcodent " A month's sojourn on Fryar's Creek has given me a deep insight into the morale of the diggings, and opened up scenes that I could nut have anticipated during the rosy days when the weeders of Ballarat first flushed uur imagi nations with the prospect of vest fields of illimitable wealth. At Ballarat, there was peace, unity, and security, but at Fryar'e Creek these desirable qualities are reversed, wed quarrels, dimensions, bloodshed, and danger of the direst description reign supremo. The government is palsied, whilst the iliglon runs on a career of unchecked crime and rapine, or at the most is checked by an occasional pistol shot, or similar act of summary justice, responded to by a groan, and the effect mend, steel next morning by blood steins, when a few observations are bandied shout from tent to tent that a man was shot, and no more ix beard of the matter. A surgeon is called in to attend a wounded man, no questions are asked, the fee is paid, and if the man die, lie is disposed of. I speak from experience, and fearlessly say that ire retiring to rest the same precautions are necessary, and are had recoune to, es though one were in the beart of au enemy's country, and feared a midnight onslaught—guns awl pistols arc loaded—sentinels up. pointed fur the nightly watch, and intruders at their peril aro warned to stand off; and if wild justice be occasionally executed, the evil cannot ho imputed to those who stand in defence of selves and their hard-earned treasures, but to the necessity of the time, suet the laxity of the ruling powers. Such a state of things cannot endure long. If the ordinary routiuo of justice be unequal to the emergency, resort will be had to that which is commensurate to the occasion—that resort is u ter rible one---hut it is now coolly asked by many, whether it would not be better to establi.le a Lynch law than to allow thieves a plenary impunity. It is a epostion now, 'whether Lynch law would not be better then no law at all? Whether the henest man shall take the law into his own hands, and •promptly enforce it ? Or whether the thief shall prey upon him with impunity ? It is fearful to con template such a state of society, it society it can be called, where every baud is broken asunder, and every man is thrown back upon himself fur protection, with only his physical force to defend hint; and in such a state of affairs, Clod foe bid that I should advocate the establishment cal a Lyne'l law, except from dire necessity, still 1 cannot abut my eyes to the tact that something must be done, and that something be done elfie eciously, or like and property will not be worth a farthing purchase. The life, limbs, and property of an honest men must not be left at the mercy of a band of robbers ; crime must nut be allowed full swing and permitted to culminate because a government is powerless, or the usual routine of law fettered. New phases of society demand new measures; great evils, strong remedies; and audacious crimes prompt repression; and that it is thought can be best administered on the spot where the crime is committed, and in the pre sence of those who have been maltreated. So far is the necess.ty of Lynch law kit, that I am satisfied if it were propounded by any influential man on the diggings, it would be hailed with aeclamicion. The inhabitants of towns cannot conceive the feeling of danger prevalent here ; it is not a Um', but a consciousnees of uncertainty, and an indig notion of the audacity with which thefts are planned and executed. Men have been stopped aud rifled on the high road at mid-day, and 1, standing with three other men, saw a man seized, his arms pinioned, and his pockets emptied, without during to assist him; so numerous were the associates of the thieves retching him. Now I ask you to imagine such a scene perpetrated before you, what would your feelings be? When such union for ill exists, surely it es time that union for good should take place to counter. balance it. Better a Judge Lynch than Turpiniem : better the wildest justice than a thief's millennium; better that the individual robber should occasionally suffer a severer punishment than the crime might deserve, than that the honest community should be continually robbed, and life and property be subjected to the tender mercies of mere, whose glory it is to rob industry, that they may live in drunkenness and debauchery, mad turn justice into mockery and contempt. Better Lynch than nothing. The yield in this locality is greatly diminished, the water is ex hausted, the heat oppressive, bad eyes and sore flesh preva lent, and numbers of people arc daily leaving for town." GREECE. ATHENS, JUNE 28. The population of the Maina refuse to deliver up the monk, Christophoros. The senate has adopted the synodal law. A royal commission is to have the right of attending the sitting of the synod, without the power of voting. BRAZILS. RIO DE JANEIRO, May 20. Business of all kinds has remained entirely paralysedand will, probably, continue so until later advices from Europe or the States aro 'recited. Our stock of coffee is rapidly accumulating, the late high prices having induced growers to forward their remaining stocks to market ; it has, however, arrived late, and though dealers are willing to submit to a reduction of '2OO rein, there seems to be no likelihood of their meeting with purchasers. I regret to state that the fever still continues, and has assumed a more malignant form; those attacked 'by it now rarely escape, and it is a sad fact that all new comers fall victims to it. Unfortunately, we are badly off for medical advice: doctors we have in plenty—clever men, too, no doubt, some of them; but this disease is new to them, and they do not know how to treat it; scarcely two, in fact, agree in this respect—experiments are tried at hap-hazard, and the miserable patient dies. The mortality amongst the crews of English mer chant vessels has been really awful. Instances there are of ships losing every soul on board from captain to cabin boy, and no less than 17 masters of vessels have been interred in the British cemetery this sea son. A melancholy case occurred on board the Eng lish barque Queen—the wife and child of the captain died on Sunday last, he himself was attacked on the day following and the stricken man now lies almost without a hope of recovery. Many such cases occur here and do not shock us so much as formerly, for we are, unhappily, too familiar with them ; but if this state of things were known at home, it would, perhaps, prevent the sacrifice of many lives. It is a matter of great satisfaction to every well wisher to Brazil that a large number of German colonists have within the last few days arrived from Hamburg. Upwards of 700 of those healthy and hardworking people were forwarded immediately upon their arrival into the interior, and many more aro expected very shortly—a good exchange, the free and industrious yeoman for the lazy and de graded slave. Exchange on London, 60 days, 26f, flat. trbe Court. OSBORNE, Mmeose. Her Majesty, Prince Albert, tho Prince of Wales, and the Princess Royal attended Divine service yesterday morning at Osborne. The service was performed by the Very Rev the Dean of Winchester. The Ladies and Gen tlemen in Waiting were also present, and the domestic household. Colonel Wylde has succeeded Lieutenant-Colonel F. Sey mour as Groom in Waiting to Prince Albert. The Dean of Winchester remained yesterday on a visit. The Duchess of Kent is expected to arrive to-day from Frogmore Lodge. The Duchess of Kent attended by Lady Fanny Howard and Sir Georpe Couper left her residence Frogmoro Lodge at half-past rune o'clock yesterday morning, on a visit to her Majesty at Osborne. Major Bisset, Cape Mounted Riflemen, had an interview with Sir John Pakington yesterday at the Colonial-Ake. Mr. T. F Kent had an interview with Mr. Secretary Walpole yesterday at the Rome-office. ' Sir Edmund Read had an interview yesterday with Sir John Pakington. Lord John Manners lett town yesterday for Tonbridga Wells. Despatches from the Governor of Canada were received yesterday at the Colonial-ofßee. Despatches were received on Sunday from the Governors of the West India colonies. TILE DENIMS or KENT passed through South ampton yesterday afternoon on her way to Cowes. She embarked on board the royal steam yacht Fairy from the Southampton Docks. Hor Royal Highness was attended by Sir George Cooper and Lady Fanny Howard. The Spanish man-of-war frigate, the Isabella 11., now lying in Southampton Water, saluted the royal standard hoisted on board the Fairy. The ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON have received an addition to their menagerie in the arrival of a line and lively example of the Chimpanzee, tho most intelligent of the Anthropoidjapes, which will create particular inter est in the scientific world at the present moment, u being the nearest ally to the gigantic " gorilla," recently dis covered on the Oaboon, by the American missionary, Dr. Savage. FINGAL. The Cornwall Chronicle of March lit says It is a difficult matter to report, with any degree of confidence, on the progress of the Fingal gold discovery. Statements Irons parties engaged in the search are varied and widely ditto. rent. On N 1 ednesday last a letter was received in town from a man named John Jones, dated Fingal, the day be fore, in which he urges two of his ' mates' to make the utmost haste to juin him, and to find their way to him if they had to ' beg their way.' Ile states in his letter that he had obtained an ounce a-day, ou an average, since the Friday week. By the same post we received • communication from a person prospecting, who assured us, up to that time the quantity of gold obtained by ell the ' diggers' then at work did not amount to one ounce. An able steady man re turned to town yesterday, after a week's hard labour, who assured us that he had sunk several holes, each of them to the depth of six feet, and that below that depth, he found a solid b^d of rock, through which he could not pene trate. Ile 'poke of the quantity of gold procured as very insiguificant, but felt thoroughly satisfied that the hilly land was rich in the precious metal. Another man returned yesterday from k ingal, who has worked at California, at Ballarat, and at Bathurst, who expresses himself confident in the existence of gold in abundance in the tiers, and also on the East Coast. We await, therefore, with patience fir further iufurmation, in the belief that perseverance on the part of persons engaged in the search will ultimately be re warded by the discovery of the deposit." We (Tasinortion)are indebted to Dr. Ward for the fol lowing communication, dated Fingal, 4th of March : " Thiage remain in blahs quo as regards the average yield of the diggings at Lioldeu Valley, but every day adds to the number of persons flowing in to visit them. No reasonable mind can be in doubt that a rich deposit of gold exists somewhere, not far distant from the scene of present operations ; but it is difficuit for those not actually engaged in the search to estimate the uncertainty of hitting upon the track of the main deposits. Scientific knowledge is im portant to direct one to the points where it may probably exist, but geologists are still so entirely in ignorance as to the physical conditions under which the gold was spread abroad, that it is impossible to fix, with precision, upon the particular spots that may be relied upon. The geologist may see many indications that justify a preference,fout it is only by the labour of the persevering, industrious digger that the deposits can le revealed. It happens here, as it always does in similar cases, that a number of people engage themselves in seeking who expect steady reward for their labour ; and who, if they do not realise a certain imaginary amount of success, become dissatisfied and hopeless. What we want are parties directed by intelligent leaders, and animated by a spirit of determined perseverance—men who can and will devote sufficient time for attaining the object in view. This cannot be accomplished by merely scratching up the soil or digging down a few feet; and then, because gold does not appear by ounces, giving up the attempt in dis gust. Many disappointments must, of course, be expected : they are inevitable in such adventures ; but the quantity of gold diffused through the soil, and sub-moil, is so considerable and so general that it is impossible to doubt that a great and rich accumulation exists not far distant. Near Melrose, the residence of Mr. James Grant, jun., six miles away from the present dig gings, several pieces of gold have been found within the last day or two, equal in size to the largest yet obtained here, and the data famished by geology warrant the conclusion that nearly the whole of the north-east angle of the island, from St. Patrick's Head to Cape Portland, is likely to turn out a rich auriferous field. Here appearances are in every respect as encouraging as ever. Yesterday I was ' prospect ing' up a creek, on the southern side of the tier, which se parates it from ' Holden Valley,' and observed the most promising indications—though, from the absence of water, we could not ascertain the presence of gold by the process of washing as often as I wished; yet when we had an op. portunity of washing, gold was obtained." 1 THE FATAL ACCIDENT AT BLACKFRIARS BRIDGE. Yesterday an elderly man, one of the survivors of the party which was run down in the shallop by the Dahlia steamer on Sunday evening, applied to Alderman Law rence for assistance, lie stated that on Sunday evening he came with his friends in the shallop from Greenwich, when having cleared the arch at Blaekfriars Bridge, they saw the Dahlia bearing down upon them. He (applicant) hailed the steamer, and desired the man in command to stand otf, while the steersman of the shallop endeavoured to take a more southerly direction; but before they had time to do so the steamer came in collision with them, and precipitated all, ten in number, instantaneously into the water. The boat sank immediately, and he (applicant) being a swimmer, tried to save his aged father, and in doing so was under water himself for about four minutes, and when he rose to the surface almost exhausted, he caught a line that had been thrown out from the steamer, and induced his father to do the s ame , an d they were ultimately rescued from their perilous position by watcrmen who put off to their assistance, and they were taken on beard the steamboat, but in the meantime appli cant lost his sister, and a female relative and friend. He met with two gentlemen on board, captains of other vessels, who condemned the captain's want of caution in not having anyone on the look out. Alderman Lawrence asked if it was dark at the time ? Applicant said—Certainly not ; it wanted if.s;inutes to nine o'clock, and everything on the river could be dis cerned distinctly. Alderman Lawrence—Then what do you want of me ? Applicant.—The coroner's inquest wdl soon take place, and the two gentlemen on board the Dahlia are goine out of town. I want to know if I can summon them to at tend, as their testimony will be important to prove the neg ligence on the part of the captain, whose name I came here to ascertain. _ Alderman Lawrence—Do you intend to charge the esp. tain with wilful negligence in running you down? Applicant—Yes, sir ; for it wu no fault of ours, as we had an experienced steersman with us. Alderman Lawrence—Have the bodice been found ? Applicant—No, sir, not yet. Alderman Lawrence—Then the inquest cannot be held until they are found. However, if you write to the di rectors of the company, they will be sure to furnish you with the name of the captain, and then if you will come here we will consider the propriety of granting you a sum mons against him; but you can do nothing to detain the two gentlemen, who I should imagine would deem it an imperative duty to render every assistance in their power. THE ELECTIONS. FAST SURREY. t The nomination of the candidates tit represent . a h rn easte division of the county of S u rrey i n parliament woe piece yesterday at Croydon. Mr. J. 11. Peen eft stood forward to prommethe re-rices tion of Mr. Locke King. Mr. S. Gl' itNr.Y seconded th e nomination. Captain lerznor nominated, end Lord Moen' STL'Allt M. I'. seconded, Mr. Aleoek. Mr. 'Neuron NVltesoie then relined me u R. W. EYLMS seconded the riernonutien. Mr. SELWYN sent proopesed Mr. Cleeahy, and the tenni. nation was second d by Mr. Benue. The several candidates then stood forward to address the eleetore. Mr. LOCK E KING, who was received with • good deal of cheering, said be should detain the tee, to,„ ,hoists time as tinier& by his address, Le he had very little in the first plate to copious or to soy to the de Ltors W list Surr upon the subject of his political (minima, e n d sec .„, t ,, i !Y because he felt that tree of his honourable oppon, least, clearly had very much to explain, and very mut.), to retract, and he was, therefore, suixioue to elfin! lute iss mach time as possible to do (" Bear," awl lie was proud to stand up b fore them cal the e. ri.sl of great political turmeric) , as can honest teuelielete, uteleo .1. end he hoped unchangeable, in his politico.' hear.) lle was the same lonise King who, friend Thomas Aleock, carried on to rietery, in lola, great cause cal free trade. Ile was no new rumen . e„, t he was not a convert at all—the re was n., chn his opinions. Ile might my that II W:.3 st born a free tender, for he was proud t„ that his father opposed the imposition of a c orn law leo!; and that he fought the battle cal repeal for tautly fore hie excellent fekriel Mr. Villiers, and Mr. o nee „. Mr. Bright, had even thought of the •,übj, et, and I ro il furs even the people of Englund could he lireuele to Ip. l'oieve that the tax on bread was m, oppremien. Awl %lei were he and his humble colleague opposed by wh y, by ale Antivirus who during a simile sear hail ob e i n e d haunt, free trader and a pent stain. ( .4 Hear, 1.14 r, cheers.) In conclusion he said that if the electors n t a m, e him to parliament he should nut go there to diult tl farmers or to make laws es hieh existed °oily in th, tions of hon. gentlemen opposite, but he should IK runty to give his support to every measure which he cerseekred ea.ru lated for the benefit of the community at Ingo.. re.) Mr. ALCOCK said lie thought the elect. re ouelit te have an opportunity ef elm , sing from us Min) geeoLue a no possible these they thouttlit best calculated to ro ere. them in the national assembly, but he must he allowed to say a few words with regard . to the eircumeeonu, sodtr which two at these honourable gerelemen thine forwent. A requisition which had been hawko shoot the tn.alt) ler four weeks had been presented to Mr. Frestereld end Mt. Farmer asking them to come lure aid, but thine gi•uthoe n saw immediately from the character of the signatures to the requisition that their chance was hopehrse and one of these geutletoten, Mr. Freehheld, in a must honourelde manner, published a ktter in the neweparni to that dieet. Then a few slays eh r this a letter uppeareel in the Muruing Herald, iu which regret was expressed that there should 60 no opposition, suit s.igg, sting that 7,001 q. or B,oleof. should be raised by subscription to defray the re peruse of a contest to oust him end his huneureble t site. neue. It was suggested that 700 electors emeld put down lei. a piece to make up the ruin required. ("Shaine.") This was es much no to say after the candid admission znao'e by an holiourable gentleman like Mr. Fr, shield, that as ths re was no chance for a conservative candidate if only fair and honest means were employee', the electron lamella to earned by mean. of gold. ("Shame.") Ile must confess that h. was hurrayd to tied that shortly after this the chief partner in the chief banking house of London, Sir Edmund A wrohlw, should have allowed circul in to be tent in his name to the farmers,the " distreseed agriculturists" of East Surreyeeleirg for subscriptions to support the election of his son. Ile was very anxious to know why the farmers had not got a yroht tionist candidate en the Dreamt occasion. Why did they not bring up Mr. U. F. Young or Mr. l'aul Foskett, gen tlemen who, he believed, were still protectionists (" Rear," and a laugh.) If there were any protectionists &moot( the farmers, who could they give their votes to? They had no candidate. It was impossible for them to vote for their tree-trade opponent*, fur they told them they were as good free-traders,: they were. (A laugh.) If on the other hand, the protectionist electors had changed their opinions, and were converted to free trade, it would be most unworthy and disgraceful un their part to give their support to gentlemen who were only recent converts, like tlio le selves, and who only came forward at the eleventh hour to share in the triumph, and to abandon those cendi dates who had led the forlorn hope in support of, and who had ad along been the constant advocates of free trade. (Cheers.) The bon. candidate then proceeded to state that he was in favour of a total repeal of the malt tax ; also that the duty on tea and tobacco, and every other luxury enjoyed by the poor man, should be reduced, and concluded by stating that although it had been said in some quarters that he was not a good protestant, he said he should have no hesitation in appealing to the Bishop of Winchester in that character ; and he WILY sure that although that rev. prelate might say that he was a dreadful reformer, he would at the same time buy that no man in his division had don.) much for the advantage of the protestant church. Mr. ANTROBUS had been asked by both the hon. gen tlemen to explain why he appeared there as a candidate, and the answer he should give was one which ought to satisfy them. It was this. Ile did not come forward on his own account, but was called forward by the conetituency itself, and at the close of the poll he had no doubt they would have a farther rca-on given them by seeing him re turned by a large and increasing majority. (Cheers.) With regard to the letter that bad been alluded to, tor his own part he was ignorant of the fact, and it was probable that the lien. gentleman had only himself become acquainted with it from the circumstance of one of his own tenants subscribing to the fund. (" Rear," and a laugh.) Ile con sidered that the only relief that could be afforded to the farmers was by a reduction of taxation, and that was more likely to be effected by a government like the present than by the whips who, by their mismanagement, saddled the country with heavy expenses, such as those incurred by the Kaffir war. With regard to the question of an in crease of the suffrage he should out oppose it, and taking into consideration the increased intelli gence and the spread of education among the people he thought it ought to be granted. He also thought that if the franchise was more extended there would be ro objection to the introduces *on of the ballot. lie did not believe it would make any difference. Mr. Antro bus concluded by thanking the electors for the patient hearing they had given him, and expressing his confidence that the would elect bins again as their representative. . (Cheers Mr. CCCLEASIIY came forward to oppose the two honourable gentlemen who had just addressed them because he disapproved of their public conduct and policy. Mr. Locke King had asked for the support of the electors on the ground that he and his tether had all along been the supporters of free-trade, and took great credit tor consistency, but it should ho remembered that Lord John Russell and Sir Robert Peel had both at one period been the opponents of free-trade, but they both changed their opinion, and he really could not see why they were to be idolised and his hon. friend, Mr. Antrobus, to be scouted for doing the same thing. (Hear, hear.) lie told the electors in his first address to them that he war o f opinion that the duties upon corn ought not to be resorted to, and in a second address he stated the same fact in a more distinct manner, because be said that it had been reported that although he said he was opposed to the levying of any duty upon corn yet that if any such me sure was proposed he would support it. lie bad no hesitation in saying that he was an advocate ter the cheap loaf and that he was not for going back but for going forward. (hear, beer.) They had got ac h a . 1) loaf, and now, he thought, they ought to have a cheap gistl ' of beer. In his opinion the farmers had Teen very hardly used, and that everything ought to be done for them that could be, without injuring the rest of the community. lie could not understand why malt should be Lewd when every other production of the industry of the country was %- taxed. With the present government he thought there a fair prospect of there being such a surplus revenue as w .ot would enable them to take off by degrees this most uni and partial tax. Ile had stated in his address that lie was a friend to civil and religious liberty; but at the same time ' he thought that while they allowed toleration to others take , they mustke care that they were not f h selves deprived of that inestimable blessing. em.ll was opposed to the extension of the franchise p , O. , posed by Mr. Locke King. because it tended to seae entirely the forty shilling freeholders in the rounder, placed the entire power in the hands of the lot. hous,, I 11 A show of hands was then taken, whieh was declare d to. , be in favour of Mr. King and Mr. Alcock• . A poll was demanded, which was ordered to he taken on Thursday morning, and to finally close on Friday evening. . And after a vote of thanks was proposed to the High , Sheriff for his impartiality by Mr. Locke King. roe ne courted by Mr. Autrobue, and carried unanimous y. the meeting separated. The contest is likely to be a very severe one. WEST KENT. MainsTosE, Jet.c 12.—The nomination of candi dates for the honour of being elected to serve for IV O Western Division of the county of Kent took p l ace this morning at the polling-booth upon Pcnenden-heath befo re a very large concourse of people. Mr. P. 11. MILE came forward and, amidst loud cheer io& proposed Sir Edmund Pittner, Bart. The Rev. SMITH MA RRlOTTseconded the nomination. 0 CORO, WARDS NommAN proposed, and S %sit El. L,JaT. a tenant-farmer, seconded the nomination of Mr. llodge s . which was received with great applause. STounAHT DOVOLAS, Esq., proposed Witlitllll MORN Smith, and, in so doing, stated that, as a practical farina. he would know and be beat able to relievo the wants of t he agriculturists. Sir THOMAS WILSON, of Charlton, seconded the nomina tion. Each candidate having briefly addressed the elector,the show of hands being in favour of Sir Edmund Filincr and Mr. Smith, a poll was demanded on behalf of Mr. Bodges. The polling days are fixed for Thursday and Friday. EAST SUSSEX. The nomination of two knights of the shire to represent the eastern division of the county of Sic.sex iu tho neat parliament took place yesterday at Lewes, before the High Sheriff, Mr. Philip Salomon. The old protectionist members were proposed for re-election, Mr. A. E. Fuller being nominated by Sir Henry Shittncr, and •weertileil by Mr. W. D. Lucas Shadwell; Mr. C. U. Frewen, arrow tot CI Bu nal tht cal dii li l for tal no me ple Ols( MC Mit sin int 61 wa tary he the