The Express. — London, England, 1851-11-03 00:00:00

ght erpreoo. av “fna.....a. _ • feast Mir et " Zapetwe." esatelabbit .he mune sweaty(' Oessebe." polliehed me, Twain es I Vries, might, is WWI *Of wt. leettueesseebe Meade/ tee " The Itspreet," Leedee Zemin paper, men be et doe Wise. IS. llouvertwateeet. Tao &elect es the NIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE my—norm. M. 17..—.—Alleakess. lOC N. Tomiaraw—!SsiuNglilM. 1410.—....A.Ntsses. Ilk. 445. LONDON, MONDAY. NOVEMBER 3. THE Spectator is the most impassive of political organs. Nothing stirs, nothing moves it,—nor clo quence, nor courage, nor grievous wrong, nor genius, nor a great cruse nobly sustained . \ l 'c can well understand people who execrate Rosstrif, who abhor insurrection even in the best of causes, who think that the only duty or the only happiness of a commonalty is to resemble sheep as much as possible,—easily guided, easily followed, shurn without murmur, and killed without com plaint. We perfectly understand those who think ICce;surn a pestilent and troublesome fellow, bF um he speak s political philosophy to all classes in ca such simp le languor, and with such truthful earnest ness that reach every understanding and every heart. We understand aversion to Kossurn in thoss who venerate an ancient court, and who with pain would sec disturbed the ruins which remain of the Holy Roman Empire. We can conceive a horror of KOsSUTH in those who look upon Itunsia as the befitting guardian of Europe, who thank the CZAR fur having once more put together the tessielated provinces and despotisms of Austria, and enabled this same despotic and Catholic Austria to tread down the old rights as well as the new aspirations of constitutional and protestant Germany. We can also understand the enthusiasm of the brave, the hopeful, the young, and the liberal, for Kossern. Hut we must confeas not to be able to comprehend a juste milieu in such a case. The half smile of approbation and the half sneer of censure in which the Spectator, at almost the same moment, in dulges, betrays irresolution, not judgment. And the facts of the case, as well as the character of the man, are both too well ascertained to admit of doubt or hesitation. The Spectator, however, directs its hostility less to the man than against the principle. liosse ries principle is neither more nor less than non-interven tion, adopted by one's own country, and forced upon others as a meat international law. liossent says that the principle can be enforced without war, and we agree with him. For how is the interven tion principle enforced ? By the alliance and counting' accord of all the despotic lowers. Russia, Austria, and Prussia, support each other, is the pretensions to invade and occupy any and every country, however nominally independent, that dares to develop constitutional or popular liber ties. To this pretension France truckles and England bows, because they are not united, because public opinion is not sufficiently informed and alive in the tws countries to the necessity of maintaining the gnat principle. But wens. France, England, and the United States as agreed to maintain non-inter vention as the despotic owers to practise it, France, England, and the Unite d States would pre% ail. Russia durst nut stir, and dare not march an army even into Hungary. The way to arrive at this accord bt:tween cumistitutional countries is to inform and awaken public opinion on the subject. This is the mission of Loris KOSSUTH. And a more noble one was never undertaken by an individual. That the Nreetotor, therefore, says of war, is idle. It raises, however, another objection. It seems to ad mit non-intervention as a just principle to be applied to a state that is compact, like France or Spain. There, saith the Sioetator, you must not intervene; but in federal states, or in empires composed of seve ral provinces, like Austria or England, there, if a province rebels or resists, the sovereign or chief government may call in the aid of a powerful n eigh bour to reduce the province. Thus if Queen N IC TOILIA were to destroy the constitutional rights Of the Irish, she would have a right to tall upon the French to :mid her in carrying out the tyrannie resolution. Hungary, history tells us, was never a province of Au.stria. It merely chose the Emperor of Austin.% to be its sovereign, with distinct laws and a distinct constitution. The Pirrrialor cares nothing for all this: it treats histo rind distinctions and facts as mere footstools to be knocked aside, and declares that Hungary is a pro vince of Austria, which is false, and that being a province of Austria. the latter has a right to call on foreign aid to reduce it. We must any, that we have not read in any journal so complete a per version of facts, such an utter contempt for all liberty and all right; nor did MACIttAvEL himself ever propound a theory so baseless, so perfidious, and so immoral. - . e turn with pleasure from such casuistry to the broad principles, the frank and noble ►anguage of Kosserit himself, such as we tied in his address to the people of the United States, which has reached as by yesterday's mail. This document is un eloquent answer to most of the objections that have of late been raised against his policy and his character. It has been said, for instance, that hosst•rn is a rank democrat and republican, who, whilst he avowed such principles at Marseilles, cunningly veils them in England. But listen to what KOSSUTH said whilst still in captivity ; long Cie he was set free to visit the different coun tries of the world. This address was written in !ILIA], Is:" at Minna', when KON , UTII was still fresh from Ilun,gary, and when nu Engli•huan was at Lila to dictate caution or recommend dissimula tion. KlbrOO' rut. moreover, knew that he was ad dressing a republican people, yet what was his lan guage ? The Hungarian nation loved freedoms u the hest gift of (boil. hut it never thought of commencing a crusade against hoots in the name of laxity. In Hungary there were nuns of those propagandists who alarm so much the rulers of the Ohl World. There were no *erect societies plotting cousin . - Twits. My countrymen were nut inetwenced by the thrones of communists or socialists, nor were they what the tenser vatuc. CAI anarchists. The nation desired justice, and knew how to he just to all, irrespective of rank, language, or ri halms. A people so worthy of freedom were generous enough to leave something to time. and to be %Maned with a progressive development. No violence was used ; no jest right was at!eekeil; and even some of those institutions . were left undisturbed which, in their principle and origin, were unjust. hut which, having existed for centuries, could not be abolished at once with impunity. The Hungarian people did not wish to oppress any—not seen the aristocracy : they were more ready to mate surf ers, than to punish the descendants of nobility for the evils of nsisgoserninent. and of those institutions which emanated from their ancestors ; nor would they let the many suffer (or the sins of the few. There was no anarchy amongst us. Even in the bloodiest conflict., when the human paesions are most excited, there wis. the matt perfect order and security of property and person. flow did the conduct of my noble counmen compare with that of the "order-ranking Austria." When ever the whirlwind of war ceased for a while where the so cial elements were left in chaos, the instinctive moral feel lags of this incorruptible people, in the abeertee of all go vernment. preserved better order and safety than legions of police. A common spirit animated the whole nation—no secret aims, no personal or local attacks, hut a bold and open defence iti the face of the world. Following the ex ample of your great Wisshingtou,we adopted, as our policy, conciliation, justice, and legality, and scrupulously observed the laws of nations. This address of Kosst - rit's from Broussa may be said to be the soliloquy of the nublo captive, and to be the natural and warm expression of his heart. Compare it with all ho has said since his visit to England, and the facts, sentiments, arguments, prin ciples. will be found precisely the same. Never was greater sincerity of thought, greater oneness of aim —a proud and convincing refutation of the principal charge brought here agtunst him by his detractors. Tire news from north-western India is anything but pacific. Goot.vn Stay's continued illness had already given rise to the fears of a disputed succes sion in Jummoo and Cashmere. DOST MOHAMMED had once more taken horse, and marched to Herat, whilst this expedition to the west did not prevent his raising troops and paying the mountain tribes to open him the passes towards our trans-Indus frontier. The evil consequences of our not having fixed a definitive frontier arc already apparent. For taking as ours the old vague line of demarcation between Sikhs and Affghans cannot but lead to last ing uncertainty and eternal feuds. Whilst the Affghau chiefs might remain comparatively indifferent I. THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 3. 1851. to the greater or less degree of independence assumed, concerned in the riots at Lunel. Seven were con-1 by the chiefs of the mountain tribes, they esneot but damned to different periods of imprisonment, vary regard with suspicion the advance of the British flag in. front AM months to ten days, and three others into the heart of their comfy,. Those who argue .sa . lttc d. h that we could not take the Indio as our frontier, is no bourse to-day, owing to the fate of but must necessarily push our outposts to the foot All Saints. or to the summit of the mountain range, SENDAT EVENING. David, ought at least to halftime& It re r positive con dition M. -general of the court of Rouen, *appointed . ister of Justice and keeper o f the that we should stop short at the mountain rant e. It appears, however, that we have as little respect seals, in the place of M. Corbin, who declines office. for kill m for river frontier, and that our troops, and In consequence of the great fete jesterday, the guns, and engineers, arc once more on the high road only newspapers which have appeared to-day are the to Caubul. I Noniteur and the Republique, and the Arenement The reader of Maier EDWARDEB' entertaining and and Revolution. The Amateur has published an ex instructive volumes is already acquainted with our I traordinary supplement,, to make known the above annexation of Bunnoo, and reduction to obedience appointment. of such portions of the Wuzerec tribes as had To-morrow night will take place a meeting of the involves use habits. Even this possession , legitimists in the Rue de Rivoli, to agree upon the involves us in yearly quarrels with the hill ' course to be adopted by this party in the elections tribes, which at all times descended to of the board of the Assembly. The democratic rob in the plain, and which now do this meeting, which was to have taken place to-day, is with peculiar gusto over a territory under British put off until after the message. Ikleanwhile the rule. Beyond Bunnoo, up the hill country, and on h democrats are justly offended at hearing that the the road into the heart of Affghanistan, extends the state of siege is to be extended to two more de valley of Dour. It is inhabited by a race, rigidly and partments. bigotedly Mahomedan, and governed by their mol- The order of the day of General St. Arnaud is cri lahs. Major EDWARDES was continually threatened ticised with severity in the Salle des Conferences, by an invasion from Dour, whose people were edger for maintaining the doctrine of passive obedience in getting up a crusade, or rather a crescen- without any allusion to the law, as the source which tack, against the British. The rumours, how- ought to sanction all orders. Interpellations are ever, always died sway and ended in smoke, talked of on this subjec• but will probably be laid Now, however, it appears that the resolve aside if the message should be conciliatory. The has been taken to reduce these people of Dour, Rerolution asks whether the new Minister of War and to push forward our military posts from be the same Colonel St. Arnaud charged on the 24th the mountain-passes or summits to the river Khoo- February, 1848, with the guard of the Prefecture of rum. A British post on this river, westward of Jel- Police, who retired before 200 unarmed citizens. lalabad and the Khyber range, and within no consi- M. Hippolyte Fortoul has not yet ventured to the derable distance of Ghuznee and Caubul itself, can- Hotel of the 'alinistry of Marine in the Place de la not but awaken the jealousy of the Affhans, and Concorde, which gives occasion to the wags to say perhaps renew hostilities on their part. one should that the new minister has not yet found his sea-legs. think, that if we respected neither of the two great He is said to be deterred by the counsels of his fa barriers of nature, the mountain and the river, Cher-in-law, M. Paseaks, from embarking in his new we might at least respect the equally marked vocation, for which the singular unfitness of his an one of religion, and by keeping ourselves within tecedents has provoked a good dent of ridicule. the limits of the really Sikh and !Endo°, at least of N o answer has been yet received from M. Mendel, the mixed Ilindoo and Nlahomedan population, avoid, the newly appointed minister of finance, who is still at least the unanimous and combined fanatical hate in Corsica. of the populations subdued. But the religious fron- B way of gossip it may be told that Louis Net tie!. is, it appears, no more to us than the gcogra- pu lsar shook hands 'th V ron the other night c phicul. at the Opera Comique, notwithstanding the reported Major EDWAIIDES' account of our title is as follows : breach ofcordiality between the doctor and the E lysee. I must not omit to mention that M. Didier, whose The title of the Punjab sovereign to the valley of Dour good men was as as to that of Balinese. Both had been appointment to the prefecture of the Ariege I ceded to the Sikhs by Shah liciojah in the Tripartite t inned yesterday is client of Veron, who was said to Treaty. But as far as we, the British, were concerned be put out of humour by M. Didier's previous sp in the matter, the eases were not parallel. The pointment to the African prefecture of Oran. Sikhs had, year after year, asserted their claim to Benno° by force; but they had never ventured into Dour. We were The Arsnement says that the message will be read bound, therefore, totake the stratus in pio,and secure Bonne°, 3'President y b the t o- do in the council of ministers, if we could ; but there was no obligation to interfere with revised and corrected on the spot, and minted during Dour. It was, consequently, a mere question of expediency, the night at the National printing-office, and mad and not of national right or honour ; and thus regarding it, again in proofs on Monday at a second council. it seemed to me unwise to profit by the opportunities fur annexation which either the invasion or the sub- The Assembly holds its first sitting after the re mission of ' the Dourees might afford; for there would EEEN on Tuesday. The names will be celled over at seem to be no stopping afterwards. The same ditti. two o'clock. The list of the absent will be pub telly would present itself after passing Dour that lishcd in the Monieenr, and communicated to all the now followed our occupation of Buono° ; that is, papers. The Assembly will proceed to divide by lot the people of Bungush, lihosh, and the Viseree Hills would the into bureau x, and . house feel the same alarm for their own c•intries, and make the same hostile demonstration that the Dourees had now felt the monthly committees. The ballot will then be and made for theirs. On the other hand, if the line already opened for the renewal of the board of the Assembly drawn by Sikh pretensions was adhered to, it was reason- —that is, for the election of the president, Tice able to hope that this example of moderation to Dour presidents, and secretaries. M. Lacrosse, late vice would calm the excitement and fear which pervaded all the • other neighbourin2 %Aleys, resident, having accepted a seat in the cabinet, i:pi, and es idently at the bottom P of the recent mon einent. Even if the Dourees and their will be necessarily replaced. The other three vice allies actually insaded Bunnoo, my advice would be, after presidents will most probably be re-elected. As the repelling them, merely to follow them into Dour, and levy a retirement of I)upin, to make way for Changarnier, Pee of 10,000 rupees, or some such sum, in a lump, and could only be contemplated in case of extreme cen tavo retire. flict between the powers, it is needless to say that The opinion of the then Resident at Lahore, Mr. this rumour is entirely devoid of foundation. Still, JOBS LAWRENLI:, given in the blue book, is equally, it is questionable whether the Bonapartist secretaries, if not more, conclusive: Berard and Peupin, will be re-elected. M. Howyn -1 look (writes he) with considerable suspicion on any Tmnchere is the parliamentary candidate, and M. overtures from so bigoted and ignorant a race as the Veraigny, the candidate of the Left, most likely to Mullicks of Dour. The occupation of Dour would but in succeed. It is possible the ballot will be adjourned crease the difficulties and dangers of the Sikh position on that frontier. It is easy to overrun, or even to occupy for until after the message. a time, those valleys on the borders of the Sooleymany range, As we may expect the real message of the I'resi but the entrances to them arc all more or less difficult, and, dent in three days, I think it hardly worth while to in times of general insurrection, a body of troops, unless in considerable force, would be in danger of being cut up. gather from the mouths of rumour predictions as to These recorded opinions of high authorities re- its tcnour, which must be clearly rather conjectural than authorised. Yet you may observe one symptom specting the policy of occupying the Dour valley or from which a favourable augury may be drawn for similar territories, are sufficient to warrant a con the peaceable progress of the powers at least for sonic fidenee, that it is not merely for the defence or trate time longer. This is the singularly mitigated tone (pinky of Bunnoo that Dour is to he annexed. Such of those organs whirls express the opinions of the a step, or an advance to the Khoorum, must be the bulk of the majority, the Assembh , e and Debuts. If result of some new suspicion entertained of Dosr MOIEAM MY.D, and of a determination to thwart, alarm, you remember, the same significant change app e ared in the same papers at the close of the recess of last and provoke him. Of the motives to this, whether proceeding from the operations against Herat or to year, and after a vacation, which had been one series of storms, a sudden hush preceded the words of peace any other cause, it is of course 0/1 yet impassible to and conciliation which characterised the message of speak. But it is evident that there is something November 12, and won applause from all moderate very like war brewing on the north-western frontier of India, if not in the breasts of Affghan princes, at parties, both at home and abroad. A grea t least in those of our Anglo-Indian officials. parliamentary club, that of the Rue des I'yi'a asides, was formed to support the government, and shield it against the fury of an un principled coalition. The factious sp i rt of the regentists and of the pointers legitimists was re pudiated by the sound portion of the Right, and both the statesmen and editors who had signalised them selves in the Permanent Committee and the press by their clamours against the Eiysee. no longer enjoyed the same credit with the public after the fall of their hero, General Changarnier. They kept themselves' in reserve for a fresh breach between the President and parliament, and meanwhile blew the coal of dis cord covertly with all diligence. The 14th October gave these men the opportunity they desired of again forming a powerful league of parties for carrying on the war against Louis Napoleon. A fortnight has scarcely elapsed, when their league exhibits all the symptoms of weakness, which it wore at the corres ponding season last year. Fur a moment nothing was talked of but bringing forward the Prince de Joinville as the champion of the law, of which the President was bent on proposing the repeal. But it was soon discovered that the young ex-ad adral had no intention of identifying his candidature with so unpopular a measure. lie re fused to become the cats paw of the party of order, to withdraw their damaged chestnuts from the fire. His name made a great noise on the Bourse one day, and was snatched on the next from the arena of contention under cover of a Homeric cloud furnished by the /filmes. The Count de Chambord gave the " men of order " no more hope than his cousin of the younger branch. Foreign courts were equally un propitious to their muse. Vienna, Berlin, Peters burgh,deplored beyond everything a c on fli c t be tweenwould wtheoeh e i n 're bt d th ent an socialists. A convention appeared to the northern powers a most hazardous bridge over which to bring in the restored monarchy. The men of the parlia ment were recommended not to be frightened at the new demonstration of Louis Napoleon. At bottom, perhaps, there was less peril than appeared on the surface. No man had given stronger pledges of resistance to the revolution. As for abrogating the law of May 31, it was not to be thought of. The President would clearly accept a modification, an issue the less objectionable as civil war might thereby be averted. Finding no support from the Bourbon princes, nor from the military powers, will having no sufficiently firm footing at home in the nation, the " men of order" have been once more obliged to put on a more conciliatory aspect towards the Executive. Louis Napoleon, on the other hand, whose liberal plans have been disdained by the bulk of a democratic party as an electioneering manoeuvre, doubtless somewhat cooled by the apathy of those classes to whom the boon was extended, has every motive for not breaking abruptly with the conservatives. The bulk of the people desire repose. In this humour they find that party in the wrong which assails the other first. If I am rightly informed, the chiefs of the arm y mould their attit u d e acsor di ng to this state of 'minion. A meeting of generals took place the other day, at which it wail agreed to cheek :he first aggression on either side. This being the situation of affairs it can hardly be doubted that the President's message will be, like that of last Novem ber, one of conciliation and peace, and as free as pos sible from all expressions calculated to irritate the majority of the Assembly, or to alarm the public mind. • It will propose the abrogation of the law of May, but with a respectful reserve of the sovereign legislative right. Some have gone so far as to report that the President would offer his resignation if the Assembly refuse to restore universal suffrage.. With out supposing that he would deem it necessary to g i ve so sash a pledge of his sincerity, it his highly probable that the messag e will contain some wor& calculated to reassure the public mind, by the dis- j avowal of all illegal and violent courses. he jute rest of all parties is the revision of the constitution will be appealed to in order to carry that great nava- ' FRANCE. PARIS, SATIAIDAT EVENING. The chief object of conversation to-day is the cir cular of the new Minister of War to the generals commanding territorial divisions. You may remember that during the last session the question of the sol dier's duty of passive obedience was more than once raised at the tribune of the Assembly, and occasioned no less agitation through the country than in the parliament. General St. Arnaud &ells in this document emphatically on the necessity of passive obedience in the soldier as the root and fundamental condition of all discipline, and points to the security of society as resting on the army. The circular is as follows : Oeneral,—ln confiding the war department to my de votedness, the President of the Republic knew from whence 1 shook' derive my strength ; it consists in the character of the nee whose experience and brilliant services have placed them at the head of our territorial divisions. Happy in reckoning among you so many chiefs ur.der whom I have had the honour to serve, I have not to seek from our new relations the opportunity of retracing to you rules of which the whole of your life has been both the lesson and the example; l should, however, not fulfil my duty if I did not hasten to show myself to you such as I am, imbued with traditions of which you have been before me the faithful interpreters. Now, more than ever, true military spirit ma secure the salvation of society. But this confidence whi c h the army inspires it owes to its discipline; and we all know, General, that there would be no discipline in an army where the dogma of passive obedience should be replaced by the right of examination. An order being discussed leads to hesitation, and hesitation to defeat. Under arms, military rule is the only law. The responsibility which constitutes military force and authority is not divided ; it belongs to the chief, from whom the order emanates, and it corers obedience and execution through all ranks. In this simple principle, which is the soul of discipline, resides the source of prodigies of valour and devotion. If, before an enemy, ipline thus understood has always been one of the secrets of victory, is intestine struggles it also secures the triumph of order. One cannot choose one's time; our fathers, more happy than we, saw public order revive and strengthen itself under the reflection of military glory. It is to the defence of civilisation that we now owe our blood and our watchfulness. Be, therefore, ready for all, and whether it be to defend abroad the honour of our arms in the name of the country, or at home when society in peril should seek for our firm support, let these sentiments which animate me, and which are also your own, and which are felt in the ranks of the *rosy, maintain it equal to its double mission. Receive, General, the assurance of my most dis tinguished consideration.—The Minister of WAT, A. WI SAINT AIINATD. It is reported that M. Casabianca will take the portfolio of Justice, which M. Corbin still refuses to accept; and that M. Fortoul will quit the Marine department, and take that of Agriculture and Commerce. A decree of the President makes certain changes in two or three prefectures. The tone of the AssenibMe Natio/ode is today more conciliatory towards the President, and follows the moderate tone of the Jintrnothles D'imsts. I have alluded previously to the bill now under discussion in the council of state defining the respon sibility of the President of the Republic, his minis ters, and public functionaries in general. The late ministers, fur obvious reasons,were not willing to ex press anv opinion on the important clauses of the bill, which designates as a hier misdemeanour this fur therance of an unconstitutional candidature for the presidency. On Wednesday a general meeting of the Council of State took place, at which M. Casa• biomes, temporary minister of justice, requested that the discussion of the bill might be adjourned until the delivery of the President's message. This request was acceded to. It is said that a mass was performed at St. Cloud by order of the President for the repose of the soul 1 of the Duchess d'Angouleme. The weekly receion, of functionarie s a t th e Elysee will open o n Monday evening. he Correctional Tribunal of Montpellier was oc cupied three days since with the trial of the persons sure. Large meanies will be proposed for tho be: nefit of the poorer classes. After the delivery of the new programme we shall most probably find the Pre• sident once more acknowledged as en /sonata hosnme by the Rue des Pymmides and the Ruo de Rivoli while their praises of his moderation and good in tentions will be re-echoed by the press et foreign countries. PORTUGAL. THE CAPTURE OF A BRITISH BRIG BY PIRATES. (BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.) (TROY OCR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) SOUTHAMPTON, MONDAY, 1 F.Y. The Montrose has just arrived. She left Gibraltar on the 25th ult., and Lisbon on the 29th. The most important item of news she brings is that H. M. S. Janus having heard of the plunder of a brig, as stated in Saturday's paper, sailed on the 17th ult. from Gibraltar, and after reconnoitring opened a heavy fire on the pirates, who assembled in great force on the 20th. The Janus discovered some of the pirate boats, when Lieutenant Powell landed his ship's company, under fire of the Janus's guns, to destroy them. He effected this purpose, but he and seven of his crew were severely wounded, and above a hundred musket balls were lodged in the Janus's hull and decks. SPAIN. MADRID, Ocr. 29. A royal decree, dated Oct. 24, declares that all titles granted by foreign sovereigns and governments. comprising those conferred by the Queen's grand father' Charles 111., as King of Naples, arc to be re puted foreign titles, and are to give none of the rights or prerogatives appertaining to those of Cas tillo. The decree further declares that foreign titles cannot be used in Spain without permission, which must be renewed in case of the devolution of any such title to a successor. Ambassadors, representatives of foreign courts, and travellers are excepted from the decree. The Pope's nuncio had a long conference to-day with the Marquis de Miraflores, at the ministry for foreign affairs. The various questions relative to the concordat were doubtless the subject of the inter view. M. Ernest Baroche is at Madrid, to terminate the negotiation relative to the intended international copyright treaty with France. the Minister of Public Works is paying much at tention to the various railway projects. Tho lines from Alar to Santander, and from Aranjuez to the sea, will it is thought be the first to be proceeded with. M. Can Cliet, the delegate of the Dutch holders, writes to the Ileralflo that he is a total stranger to all that has been published fur a long time past about the settlement of the debt, either iu the Madrid newspapers or others. The Epoca says: M. Dummies Bravo goes to Naples on the 3rd of Nov. lie has in his pocket his nomination as ambassador to the Two Sieilies, signed by M. Bertran de Lys. The Marquis de Miratlores, who had at first refused to concur in this step, wing that by sending an ambassador to that court Spain gives way to the King of Naples, instead of receiving satisfaction from him, has yielded to the opinion of the council. Why did not the Marquis de Miraflores, instead of falling so short of all his noble antecedents, rather imitate the conduct of M. Artela ? Does he think that his presence in the ministry may prevent a catastrophe ? Many of the journals had announced that M. Pachecho had been appointed minister plenipoten tiary of Spain to the court of Rome. Tho Constitte clonal mvs it is authorised to state that no such pro position has been made to M. Pacheco. ITALY. LOMBARDY. The Austrian government has prohibited, through out the Lombard-Venetian kingdom, the conveyance of the Piedniontese journal Opinions through the post, not only for the interior, but on its passage to foreign countries. The government has carried its spite to such absurd lengths as to prohibit subscrip tions from being received at the Milan post•office, paid on account of the Opiiiimie for Austrian news papers, and papers addressed to the Opinionc from being forwarded to the office of that journal. The Opinions is not a radical, but, as every one knows, a monarchic constitutional organ. PIEDMONT. • The Sardinian squadron arrived off Genoa on the 29th October. TUSCANY. FLORENCE, Oct. 27. Tiko Council of State, it is reported, will be dis solved. NAPLES. The Journal of the liinydom of Me Two &cities announces that rather a smart shock of earthquake was felt on the 12th ult. at Lecce, Bari, Taranto, Barletta, Canosa, and Cerignola. It lasted about six seconds, and had an undulatory motion front west to east. Fortunately nu disastrous consequences are re corded of it. GERMANY. BERLIN, Nov. I. Austria is bent an beating Prussia, if possible, out of all her Zollvercin advantages. The New Munich' Journal announces that negotiations have been en tered into and brought to a successful result, whereby the Danube and all its tributary streams will hence forward be " duty free." Meantime the conferences of " the special committee on material interests" in • I Frankfort are standing still; and the C asse l Zettutuj, the only paper now in Hesse Cassel, and avowedly representing "Austrian interests," af• firms that the committee are waitin g f or the return from Vienna of M. Hock, the Austrian ape cial envoy, before they proceed in their deliberations. That paper further says, that till the "Aus trian propositions" are made known nothin g can b e done, and intimates " that the acknowledgment (Km diyung) of Zollvercin treaties is not by any meaus the purpose of the south and middle Zollvercin states, but rather a thorough examination of the Prusso-llanovcrian September convention." At I)esden and Munich intrigues at least are car rying on to this effect. Tho policy of Aus tria at present is not to recognise the Zollvcrein as one conjoint body, but to invite the separate states composing it to decide separately as to what they may deem their particular interests, either in abiding by it, or in separating from it ; and, in order to meet and frustrate this scheme, it is said by well-informed persons that it is the intention of Prussia at once to bring the matter to an issue, by proclaiming the con tinuance of the Zollverein treaties, according to their present stipulations, from Jan. 1, 1831, at which pe riod they would otherwise expire. A letter from Vienna, dated the 24th tilt, pub lished in the Aeuisintry Gazette, announces an ap proaching interview between the Emperor of Austria and the King of Naples. It says : " It i s most lik e l y that the King and Queen of Naples will arrive here (Vienna) as Icon as the Emperor returns from Ga licia. l'rinco Petrulla, tho Neapolitan envoy at Vienna, has received private letters informing him of his sovereign's impending visit." A railway is at this moment in construction in Galicia, from Bothnia to I)embica. This line is to be carried to Jaraslau in the ensuing year, and most probably ria Przeinysl to Lemberg. The plan is to carry it finally to Brody. At Lemberg the main line will separate, a brunch being projected to the Moldavian frontiers, ria Strambor, Stry, Zaleszezyki and Czcrnowitz. It is in contemplation to connect the Galician line with that of Hungary by carrying it from Tarnow, ria Esperiez and Miskolcz, to Pestli. STATE OF OCR BELFRlES.—liaring been into . a score of belfries, at the request of a member of our (tio mersetshire) Archeological Society, I was surprised and grieved at the positively beastly state of tho hell-, hamber of every one of them, simply from the luffer-boards never projecting sufficiently outwards to hinder the entrance of wit, and from then. being no wire netting to prevent birds roosting and defiling ovary inch. The straw unit birds' dung lieher always moist ferments, and rots even the Iv st re that the repair i, a constant soar, ay,•5p,,,,,, and a r.ry heavy on:. Very molly towers have no buffer-Wank but only some stone screen-work of a lulu dote, or a tew ill fined slates. Win• to fill thew inflows ul any tower cum ho :weeurcil and fined fur less than a pours I; but, like all chore! ward, 118* duties, A canted bu compelled, suit will not be dunc.—lioihkr. UNITED STATES. The Royal Mail steamer Asia, Capt. ludkins, which left New York on the 22nd ult., arrived off Holyhead on Saturday at 4 o'clock, and at tho bar in Ithe Victoria channel about 10, but, owing to the state of the tide, did not enter the river until about 3 o'clock yesterday morning. The Asia brings CAT passengers, and 330,0001. specie. She reports that she saw the Royal Mail steamer Niagara on the day after she left steeling for New York. The intelligence by this arrival is four days later than that brought by the Humboldt. Extensive preparations have been made for the re ception of Kossuth, not only in New York, but in many other cities. Ile will be welcomed with civic and military pageants and popular enthusiasm un exampled. An address from Kossuth to the people of the United States has been published, which pressure of matter precludes our re-producing in thisday's paper. The examination of the parties arrested for being engaged in the late rescue of a fugitive slave at Sy- i racuse, N.Y., has been concluded, and five whites and three blacks have been held for trial, not on the • charge of treason, but of misdemeanour, in violating the Fugitive Slave Law. The bail for the whites has been fixed at 2,000 dols. each, and for the blacks at 300 dols. It is expected that more arrests will be made. Dr. Kinkel, the German refugee, was, it was said, in Washington, endeavouring to raise a loan for the purposes stated in the following proposal : GERMAN NATIONAL LOAN. 1. The creation of a fund of 2,000,000 dolls. for the pur pose of forwarding the approaching revolution in Germany shall be forthwith COMMellCed by means of a German Na tional Loan. 2. None will be called upon to guarantee the said loan but those who have the confidence of the public. 3. Tho undertaking will be confided in its commence ment to Messrs. Kinkel, Willich, and 0. Reichenbach. The initiative and the selection of the means will he entirely given up to them, and they are authorised to issue receipts in their names, which shall bear an interest of 5 per cent. on all sums paid in. 4. The treasury, ad interim, shall be under the care of Oscar Reichenbach, 1, l'aulson-rquare, Chelsea, London. 5. As soon as the sum of 20,000 dollars shall be paid in, the aforesaid finance committee, pro tens., !shall call a convention for the purpose of guaranteeing the said loan. To the decision of this corrrention will be submitted the following questions :--rs. The formation of a permanent Yevolutionary committee. b. The establishment of a plan of administration. c. The safe deposit of the pro , ceeds of the loan, and their transfer. 6. The revolutionary committee, eleeted by the convention, shall have unlimited power to dispose of the money realised for promoting the revolution They will surrender their power whin an ac knowledged revolutionary government shall be e'.tablished in the fatherland. This government shall have the right to require, at the hands of the said committee, an account of their transactions, and to submit to the decision of the people the question of their administration of their trust. 7. The signers ofthis document pledge themselves, after the eon quest of the revolution, to use all their influence to procure the assumption by the State of the principal and interest of this German revolutionary loan, and to carry out faithfully all the conditions thereof. The undersigned agree to the foregoing plan of a German national loan, and promise to guarantee the same to the amount of 2,000,000 dollars." The Washington correspondent of the Nero York Mrahl, referring to Dr. Kinkel's scheme, also says that " the Italians have already raised 2,000,000 dole. for a similar purpose, and which are now in deposit in a London bank. Our correspondent writes : NEW YORK, Orr. 22. On the day that the Franklin and Washington sailed, the Chagres steamer, Illinois, arrived at this port, with nine days' later news front California, and one million eight hundred thousand dollars in gold dust. This arrival sensibly affected the market, and as we have intelligence that equally large remittances are on the way to the United States, by other steamers, the financial difficulties of which I spoke in my late communications are temporarily removed. On a review of the news brought by the Illinois, it appears that business was exceedingly dull at San Francisco, but that the miners were making more money than ever. The trade to China, by means of our clipper-built ships was rapidly improving. A most destructive fire visited Marysville on the night of the 30th of August, by which three entire squares, including upwards of eighty houses, and property valued at 500,000 dollars, were consumed. On the 10th of tcpt., the same place was again visited by a disastrous fire, which destroyed twenty-five buildings and a large amount of valuable merchandise. Both fires arc supposed to have been the work of incendiaries. A most important step has been taken by the inhabi tants of the southern counties desirous of dividing the state and forming a territorial government for that portion. Two addresses have been issued to se cure concert of action, and a convention of delegates has been called to assemble in Santa Barbara on the third Monday in October. Delegates have already been appointed to attend from Santa Clara, San Diego, and other counties. All the members of the legislature recently elected from that section of the state are pledged to urge a division at the ensiling session. Crime has most sensibly diminished throughout the state, and no execution has taken place, either here or in the interior, since the sailing of the last steamer. The Indians in the southern part of the state are quiet; those in the north, iu frinidud and Klamath counties, are becoming some what troublesome. The gold diggings continue to yield rich returns to the labours of the miners. The auriferous quartz veins arc being extensively worked, and generally with great success. The fair of the American Institute at Castle Garden has been unusually brilliant the present year. This is somewhat owing to the stimulus which we have received, from the reproaches of our English friends, for not making a better appearance at the Crystal Palace. The cutlery . and glass ware, the mathematical and astronomical instruments, the boots, shoes], hats, and embroidery, the oil cloths, andl the India rubber goods, could not possibly be sur passed in any country of the world. Our domestic political news is quite interesting. The immediate secessionists in South Carolina hare met with an overwhelming defeat at the lute election. We may consider them as entirely hors de rumba[. Mr. Buchanan and Governor Marcy, both candi dates for the Presidency, arrived in this city yesterday. One of the military spectacles in which we so much delight took place yesterday. What is termed the first New York division of the militia turned out to be reviewed by the governor of the state. Twelve regiments appeared in full uniform, with their re spective hands, and the streets were lined with gra tified spectators. We have an irregular volunteer force in this city, not belonging to the regular militia, which is constantly seen in detachments, going on target excursions, that are 12,000 in num ber besides. It is supposed that tho city of New York could bring into the field, in three days, 75,000 men, armed and equipped for active service. Our money market is relieved within the last few days, and a small issue of State Canal Stock brought, two days since, 9 , 1 per cent. premium. (Fa Commercial Intelligence see !eat paje.) MEXICO. By telegraphic despatches from New Orleans at New York, we have the billowing information re specting the revolution in northern Mexico. On the 10th October Carvajal was within ten miles of Mata moros with a very large force, numbering, it is said, not less than 10,000 men, including about 400 Texan rangers. It was folly expected that he would attack the city on the following morning. The only force the Mexicans relied upon for defence was a band of Indians commanded by Wild Cut, the Seminole chief. By the regular course of mail from New Orleans, confirmatory of former despatches, we have news from Vera Cruz to the Ist of October, and the city of Mexico to the 27th of September. The intelligence is of minor importance. Every thing about the government of Mexico appears to be in lamentable confusion. It is nearly impossible to get together a quorum of the deputies; and when perchance the constitutional number is present, they do nothing but submit projects upon projects, squabble and fight. The Treasury is reduced to its lowest ebb ; the resources of the government arc almost an , nihilated. 11" c stated some timo since that the cabinet of President Arista had resigned. Ineffectual etthrts have been made to appoint successors. We learn from the Trait ilinion of the 24th, that Mr. Robles had accepted the post of Minister of War. Mr. listera positively refuses that of Minister of Finance. Mr. It s • ais 'Minister of Public Affairs. The aceounts of the revolution on the Rio Grande do not appear to havo reached the city of Mexico as late as the 27th ult. NEW GRANADA. Tho Panama :Sias of (kt. 3 gives the following account of the termination of tho New Granadiun revolution : About nine o'clock on Weilncallay aiiht the city was startled "from its propriety . " by the sudden sou n d, apparently every church hell us it—and they are soinothing leas than a thousand—and the loud cries of " Viva la Re. puhlica Nueva Granada" from the throats of the loyal , democratic " paisanos," who all at once thronged the streets. On inquiry into the cause of the jollification, we ! learned that a courier had just got into toes, with despatches to Governor Diaz, informing him that General Thomas Herrera, lender of tile government fimees, had subdued the remaining revolutionary firers in Om republie under command of General Herrera, in the province of Antioqua. A battle had been fought in Antioqua --one of I the southern interior provinces of this repubhc—between the regular and the insurgent troops. The regulars were commanded by General Thomas Ilerrera, governor elect of Panama, and the insurgents by General Bertera. The battle was a severe one, hut terminated in favour of Der. rera, the insurgent forces Hying in all directions, and their general barely escaping, with the loss of hi, hat and sword. CHILI. The Panama Star contains an amount of the arrival of a French brig, the Marie Louise, froth Callao, whence she sailed on the 20th September. I The steamer Chili had just arrived in that harbour from Valparaiso, bringing the important but unplea. I sant information that a revolution had broken out in Chili, and that many of the troops had declared in !favour of General Santa Cruz Mr president, that Coquimbo and other cities were in pp , sessiou of the new party, and that everything throughout the ro. public was in a disorganised state. The Star say ••Wo had begun to look upon Chili as a rmxM; southern republic, possessing more stability than any of her neighbours--of more enlarged ideas of foreign trade and domestic industry—as a country unusually forward in the development and encoura gement o f internal resources and improvement ; and we had fostered the hope and nourished it, that she was very rapidly rising to a position that would soon re. fleet honour and glory upon republican institutions and principles throughout the world. But the petty intrigues of political men scent to have as much in fluence there as elsewhere here in the south, among the unthinking, indolent, a n d i gnoran t mass o f t h o people, as well as among the no better educated, no higher principled, and no more reliable, soldiery. CUBA. There was a rumour from Havana at \ew• York, on the 22nd ult., that the officers who were the cap. tors of General Lopez had been assassinated. The new• American Consul appointed in place of Mr. Owen, is a Judge Sharkey, of Missi,sippi, a stanch friend of the Union. POLYNESIA. We have received the Sandwich Island TWynesiing of the 16th August. It contains an interesting re port of the proceedings of the "Royal Hawaiian Agricultural Society" toe the past year, from which we extract the following : One of the most important subjects brought before the society for its consideration, has been that of labour. Under the present system of agriculture in these island., there i s nothing that otters so gnat an obquele to success as the want of a sufficient number of good, faithful, Libourcrs. Every plantation requires from thirty to one huialred men, in constant employment, and the impossibility of obtaining the rcquiiite number has been to many a serious injury, to othrrs, almost absolute ruin. To remedy this evil to a certain extent the committee ltl on labour—consisting of easrs. It. W. ‘Votal, J. F. IL. Marshall, and Stephen Reynolds—immediately atter tho last meeting, entered into a contract fur the hiring of two hundred Chinese coolies, to be deliver;sl in Honolulu, and advanced between nine and ten t''utisand dollars to insure their speedy and safe transportation. Unfortunately the coolies have not arrived, and the experiment of intro ducing labourers from China vet remains to be tested. More labour we must have ; and it is clear that we cannot depend upon the islands for an increase. It only remains, then, for us to look :ibrosil ; and I am happy to inform yon that a new enterprise to procure coolies is under way, which, it is confidently believed, will not, like the first, prove a failure. Another branch of this subject, of great importance, is the economy of labour. This must be ac eamplished mainly by the introduction of new and loosed implements and machines—new modes of eultiva tion, and a proper and systematic division , if our labour. The division of labour, in all the arts, is found to be of tho greatest value, and the same principle holds I(noclitx respect to agiiculture. I have no doubt that, by a j udicious divi sion of labour—by the assigning of certain kinds of work to different classes of operator. —our sugar mid coffee planters would save one-fifth of all their expenses. It is painful to observe, throughout the island, the gene ral want of system in all agricultural labour. Our opera. tions are irregular —our implements, in many respects un- I suitable—mid our machinery, espec i a ll y our sugar m i lls, rode and inefficient. In this respect we hare not kept pace I, with our cultivation, and, at th e p resen t t i me, I mu told 1' there are huudreds of acres of cane going to decay for the want of sufficient machinery to grind and manufacture it into sugar. 'lbis is a sad spectacle, and calls for prompt re. form. Our little wooden mills—what are they ? .t constant aggravation—u screeching nuisance. In many respects wine of our boiling houses are but little better. While prices were high, our planters were enabled to make money, notwithstanding these rude structures ; but they will not meet the demands of the future. It will he answered, s' We have nut the capital to remedy this evil." This is true, and I deeply mourn the fact ; but n ever th e l ess th e d e fi c i ency must be supplied insome way, either by increased industry and economy, or by importation from übruail, else the cul tivation of our fields will he in vain. The whole subject of the economy of labour, by the improvements of our ma chinery, our implements ' and otherwise, has occ u pi e d t h e attention of the board of managers to sum.: extent, and yet little advance has been made in this line beyond the exer tions of individual members of the society. Horses and mules, ploughs and cultivators, have, to a considerable ex tent, taken the place of the native and his hoe, and it is hoped that this refrain will speedily become more general. A letter in the Putynesian, from Katsina, gives the following account of a school examination, which speaks well for the educational progress of tho natives : The number of schools examined was eighteen, embracing 937 scholars, from the ages of four to eighteen. Of these 326 were examined in reading, 490 in geography, same number is writing; 391 declaimed, 80 exhibited specimens of drawings on slates, 2 of plain needlework, and :IS6 in vocal music. All were dressed, and some well, handsomely, tastefully dressed, in foreign fabrics of all colours and tex tures, though it must be confessed there is much room for improvement in the fashions of Molokai. I have been , amazed and gratified beyond measure at the acquirements of these children in elementary knowledge. Most of tho scholars could read well, and some of them are truly beautiful readers in their own language. In gererrapby 1 they did not appear no well as in some other branches. Being a people good at imitation, they learn to write easily, and their handwriting generally was good— some of it was elegant. But arithmetic is their favourite study, and in it they excel. Ordinary sums in the rule of three, vulgar or decimal fractious, interest, or the square root, whether the SUMS are in their books or not, were solved by the more advanced scholars with the utmost facility, and a few could solve simple ques tions in algebra, all taught, too, by native teacher+. 'rho great reading b tole in these schools is the Bible, and on ex amination, the children evinced a very gratifying acquaint ance with that holy hook. In this revert they would not suffer in a comparison with the children of much more en lightened communities. . _ _ 'On the Lith of July, a bottle was picked at Ktuiwa, in Koolauloa, island of Oahu, conta ttt it ig the follow. ing memorandum: "On board the bark Nluzepixt, June 29, ISil, east point of Maui, bearing S.W., distant :JO miles, 10 o clock p.m." From the courso taken by the bottle, a westerly current is indicated, of some two or three miles in twenty-four hours. The foreign residents of lionolulu . had been ordered out on the roads by the government, to work out the labour tax. An indignation meeting was held at which resolutions in favour of resisting the collec tion of the tax by every constitutional means wero passed. COLONIAL. __- CANADA. Our correspondent writes as follows : l'OltoNTO, Ocr. 17. The past week has been one of great rejoicing in this city, in consequen c e o f th e t urn i ng o f the first sod of the Lake Simcoe and Huron Railroad. An immense crown was present on the occasion, and tho sod was turned by Lady Elgin. An address was presented to the governor-general expressive of the greatest good-will to him, and setting forth the ad vantages that would result from the railway. His Excellency, on his part, made a very suitable reply. This railway will run northward from this city about thirty miles, through a beautiful and well cult:vated country, inhabited by a class of rich and independent farmers, who are also at once very in telligent and the owners of the laud they occupy. I do not believe that anywhere in the two hemis pheres can be found a set of farmers in hater circum stances or possessed of more intelligence. Tho proposed railway will connect the waters of Lakes Simcoe, Huron, and Ontario, and will form an im portant link in the westward line of travel. The approaching general elections arc exciting the attention of the people, and almost all the local papers are tilled with electioneering addrases. A new ministry is in course of formation, in conse quence of the resignations of which I before apprised you. It is not yet officially made known who arc to belong to it ; but I believe it is known on very good authority that it will include Dr. liolph and Mr. Nalcolni Cameron. The former, as Commissioner of