The Express. — London, England, 1851-09-16 00:00:00

TILE KAFFIR WAR. We have the pleasure to publish the Molting extracts of a private letter from a distinguished fellow countryman, serving in one of the regiments now actively engaged in the Kaffir war: Fort Co:, July 19. " Item we are, dull and stupid enough—cut off from com munication, except at long intervals, with the other posts, and 'indite to stir morn than a few hundred yards from this post, for the whole country is full of Kaffir', constantly prowling about in the bush, and who would not showthem selves to any armed party, but would pounce upon any one straying, and ' bowl him out in no time.' Our garri . _ son being now so reduced we have not sufficient fore° to undertake any offensive operations, which is particularly _ . . disgusting ; but I am in hopes that we shall be again rein forced, and take our share of what is going on. After all, we hare but 310 of this regiment on the frontier, the re mainder being at Natal and Blocinfontain. 0 As for the war, it is Ivry bard to say bow long it may last. One thing is certain, that it cannot be brought to any creditable or cfLutual end without more forces from Eng land, which, for the sake of the colony, I hope are now on . • their way out. At present we certainly bully the Kahle a red ele.ll wherever our patrols act ; but, after nil, it is Ima Shifting the scene of operations, for the country be very extensive, with many mountain ranges and much end jungle, while the troops are acting in one quarter, other ravages are in another playing the mischief. We mu-t bass more troops. The gri Ater part of the Hot teutet levies,' who are raised tram the colony at a distance from the frontier, and were therefore not disaf fected like those more in contact with the K• 88•—• flthouzh I would not place much reliance now ow an of thein—having served the six months fur which they were raised, have not renewed their engagemeuts, but bare returned to their friends ; and it is a question if they will again serve, even after they have been a short time at their hones. This reduces the forces at Sir Harry Smith's disposal very much, and is the immediate rause of the diminishing of our force here, for we hail WO of them (the Hottentots), who were avail able in field and garrisen duty. These were taken away the last provision patrol on the 241 inst., and our red coats have also been reduced by detachments. " I wish very much that the war was over, or that it was going on briskly, and that we were at it sharp. I hare just aid enough' of it to make ms wish, as it is going on, to see more. 1 have been quite phased to see the men so steady as they ans. under fire, which I have hail the opportunity of seeing row or tine times on patrol; for although the Kadin are but bad shots (the liottentots shoot well), still their bullets rattle sharply about, and whcn they are seen striking the ground, &c., close beside one, one cannot be rare that some will not at any moment tell ; but every bullet has its billet.' We had a smart sort of affair on last Sunday fortnight with a large body of Betties in a generally very bushy country. We were on our return to Fort Cus, having left it two hours before daylight on pa trol, when in descending a high mountain, we saw many Baffin coming rapidly on to attack us across the low cone • try, while others were moving so ns, before us, to occupy and interee pt our passage of a "drift" of the Keiskanima river, which it was necessary for us to lass—this drift being extensively surrounded on both sides with jungle, bush, and rocks ; others likewise moved along the ridges to engage us as we di seendeil. But, not to go too much into detail et what was, alter all, but a small affair, I will only say that we were sdon exchanging shots with them briskly, and were engaged with them the whole way home nearly—al most three hours. Near the drift we hail three men wounded, and these were our only casualties (July 18), and I cannot at all understand how it was (on this as well as on other meadow.) there were not more men hit, when I con sider the number of bullets that were whistling in every direction—rood management and proper military precau tions, of course, being misty to many—still there ought (!) t o h a ve bee n more casualties. (Our iif the men who were wound d at the time I allude to died this morning—July 18.) This attack upon us, as we have since heard, was led on by " Einlanjeni, and I must say that the Bellies ad vanced with great spirit, nod had their different combinations not been felled by arrangements on our part, for which there was heresy settle:cut time, it might have been a vrry serious bionic.. It appsars that there were about 1,000 Bathes entsgol, awl their activity, which is very great, and their local knowledge of paths, passe., &c., in a manner multiplies their number. 'they did not get oft as cheaply as we did, for we killed several (seven were seen to fall near the river alone), and wounded a good many ; indeed, I wonder that the Kettles do not suffer more than they do, for the' levies' expend a ridiculous quantity of ammunition. They blare away indiscriminately, firing at random into kloofs and jeugles through which we may be passing, if it is known that there are Kadin in them. They do this pretty much on the same principle that makes children who Irish to frighten ghosts sing and snake a noise in dark rooms sod passages! as they say themselves, " one de hooch woos is mak, ' " to clear the bush," and it is quite impossible to restrain therm; one consequence is, that they are at times nut of aniutunition, or nearly so, when it is muck required, and although these fellows ern almost all of them s'n'ot hitter than most of our men, and although the tempest of - bullets they let fiy in suspicious' Viet, (when there arc Kalfirs known to be there) has un doubtedly the effect of keeping our black friends at arm's length. The Bailin yet dread the tire of the troops more— it iv more effective ; indeed the troops have been brought much nines into actual contact and collision with the Kaftirs this war than ever they have been before ; they base been pushed into passes anti jungles, mountains and kloofs, &e. ' in a way they were not called upon to do in any of the former wars ; and though loaded as they arc with blanket, haversack, containing perhaps three days' provisions, water calabash, together with the musket and sixty rounds otammunition, they cannot cope with naked Kotßrs in activity or experience of the country, or in the endurance of heat ; still the Kaffir, say they do not like to see the red coat.' getting really to fight—and indeed the men work wonderfully well. It is curious that we have not lately hail a single casualty in the dith, although on more than one Oceanian the rear guard, the post of danger, has been given to us in the worst places (when out with large ;laterite) ; and when out with our own patrols of five hundred men we even took more than our share of skirmishing, dtc. One of the three men who were hit in our affair of the 29th ult. died this morning ; all of them belonged to the 91st de tachment, which, with one of our ewa companies, covered the passage of the river in extended order. Two days be- fore, the nth, a fine regiment, hut not yet experienced in the &Liget of this couutry, had four men in one company lined and several wounded, chiefly, I am told (for they were operating in another part of the mountains), from being in too parade order and giving the Kahn too good a mark to fire at. The combined operations in the Amatula Mountains the last few days of last month were, to a certain extent, successful, as you will see by the papers. I fear that it is impossible that unless Sir Harry Smith suc ceeds in again raising levies, which it is very doubtful whether he can do to any great extent, and if the war goes en. and that we, being but the fragment of a regiment, will be employed chiefly in the posts, and that other regi ments, on account of their strength, be employed in the field, but if levies can be numerously raised, then u these will be much employed in the post dillies, we may be in the field more. All the authorities here think more highly of no troops than of tho "old stubborn's," and with good reason too, for we have a tip top we of seen for any duty ; sad Sir Barry knows this, andlosailleemil se. By-the bye, I may as well mention two insteasesatwey eeaoyteg hum bug on the part of the Kaffir,. Time haw Owe IR 44th December last Colonel Mackinnon amid lbws Ithri Cos to capture Sandilli, and that after hohadballed 01 lssslsst he was attacked nd suffered twill kat. At a stanan close to Fort Cox (Borth NMI s width the lathm hew slaw beamed) there had been sums starts having les heard he the direction Colonel Maims had taken, the Rissiswary sent up word to dir Beim ad there was some aseashwes felt ; but in the a =sthy * man of semi seas, from that part of the ammley, ems la to sec Sir Hwy, assally as it were, talked his ever with some plausible am, and re-assured him owl departed, having rowed • psment as I think). Mb very awe bad been is the eitisk of the light, went etisewards to his ' kraal,' wished Wessell pus as some old me or other which he had sessivel as • present, sod with mincing ems i, lembugged every ewe, and wailed off with sewed tee se thing ! But this was not all, for early is Wakei eesr • Kafir, the bower ot a devitelt from Oliewinesithwea to Sir Harry, ninth( the disastese (lithe de7 ills who was bra**l the 61,4* bed Molt takes sw alba psee the attaek, wee seypilad Madam= sr • a thief w ho seise Is we we whose he led ter we night near a whin shilak si IMO ilibleein hems the acne et the a usibewmi lOW Dui this poll, Nig, vibe earn* with gasibeiser gesslildssibewl &r -elied the asetesage_ r, bed the bass pri iye who me at, awl tow wow Meddswea's essalbwis I Bat beekinsea's web yews, he haw, we by this beslity next de", sad his vidisd to pat Wei his tweril- Timm aW 1141 WA . relive frets, sad well be ; end pm en that the Kadin are as this. Oa the next Neighbors made • debar la Fort (?) li VlVt i ltgal. Z2stw and dash hos al the ismer of a "kW* may idol et athwee), where eel 466, 11.96 4 411 seia Wel a few thane, MA bath els brie bellirrelle busload UMW is theaseulag • and thus this liallithed "Paildrel. be the &alb wess l ckli sa thibi hrulibilla la Mem the Paw sull ell lit IL OW we with bb theseliewe mewed Is Not Oee by the seas nub be hail Whew in Mist, ad hb anima reod by Pad Mita mad Eke. ley the read w Feet Ow. easeriell lig the Cape 0 1141•L ber einedi INS Many Ihrtillghlk that British Zeitiesen. when the bar bell ths tow yeas, le • asowley awif iwi rri kasi Law sea alemodkg bush—ls woe I=ll2 i a l %Zit is ethos then am. with wok des Mum Owl dem. GM dell el dither& Imes ed dais; sod although Owe issy as' be la say *as simlera a eminsi aviabst at ',day.% wit le Ittare as swims trawiesew. lbw. la Oa was thee et sibs. thew always owl* nail earths 17 leo( la see mini. Tals wt Yon why the amtanalestime through Or eigewhy we se Boobs' et the 740, lei a arthey=Llw thr e i s cbahet ga w med Ids maleskwdesiowillinbisg my the is sad it eld ben ths. /law Rigby Wile has emellad . samballed Bows mid owe of servants wise weds' Nas this Nth ell. " el " that he killed two laths with ifs"--thilitithWo ifitei Letter. RAUL APPOIIIIIIIIIa.--AMMLALTT, Barr. 15. "liamman : 8. W. cc 7. May, to ReeloP gbe Court. BALMORAL, SUNDAY, SZPT. 14. Her Majesty and Prince Albert returned to Bal moral yesterday evening from Alt as Oiuthsach. The lion. Miss Bynr was in attendance on her Majesty. The Bight Mon. Fox Mauls arrived at Balmoral yester "Tile dinner party yesterday included the Duchess of Kent, Lady Augusta and Lady Frances Bruce, and the Bight Boa. Fox Maule. Lord and Lady John Russell and family left Pembroke Lode, Richmond-park, yesterday morning for Bangor. Mr. James Stewart, from Canada, had an interview with Earl Grey yesterday, at the Colonial-ottlee. Mr. Henry Currie had also an interview with the noble earl. Despatches were sent off' yesterday from the Colonial office to the Governor of the Cape of Good Hope. Despatches were also scot to the Governors of the Nortn American Colonies, the Governor of St. Helena, and the Governor of Natal. Despatches were received yesterday at the Colonial. office from the Governor of the Gold Coast and the Governor of Gibraltar. THE GREAT EXHIBITION. Yesterday was certainly one of the most crowded days we bare seen at the Crystal Palace since the opening. The visitors were nearly all of the working class, and ex hibited a greater number of agricultural labourers and their families than we recollect to have observed, even on a Monday. The separate parties from large farms were be. yond counting, and whole districts poured forth their organised and banded inhabitants to swell the Monday's reckoning. We a ere informed that no less than 3,000 per sons of this description arrived in town from Devonshire on Saturday evening. A great novelty was exhibited in the American section, the conductors of which, following the example of Sweden, seem determined to make up at the close of the Exhibition their remissness in sending goods at the beginning. In the front of the counter upon which stands Mr. llobbs's wonderful lock, there appeared fur the first time yesterday a large glass ease, containing a !magni ficent tea service of gold plate, a testimonial from the citi zens of New York to Mr. Collins, the founder of the Ame rican st :ant-packet line. The service, which is stated to be of pure gold, without alloy, consists of a large taokettle, tea-pot, cream ewer and sugar basin, all arranged on • large salver of the mine precious metal. The whole service is made of Californian gold, 23 carats fine and contains no admixture of auy other metal. This, which is the most singular fact of the description, is accounted for by the fact that Californian gold, besides being finer, is more malleable than gold from any other of the auriferous regions of the earth, and therefore has to be worked without any admixture of silver or copper. The designs and workmanship are also very beautiful, and were much commended by the numerous visitors who crowded round the case during the day. The Custom-house valua tiun of this cost:y tea service is 1,0001. The interior of the building was extremely warm during the day, and in par ' tions was frequently impassable for a lengthened period. The police numbers were 60,497. Cash account, Sept. 13. Season tickets At the doors .6 Total receipts £2,935 0 6 The following shows :the temperature yesterday, as re corded by Mr. Bennett's thermometer, being the mean result of 100 readings :-10 o'clock, 55 ; 12 o'clock, 69 ; 2 o'clock, 65 ; 4 o'clock, 67 ; 6 o'clock, 6.. Mean tempera ture, 62.2. TILE INTENDED SOIREE TO GEORGE TIIOMESOII ESQ.. M.P., has been unavoidably postponed owing to a bereavement in the family of that gentleman, whime second expired on Sunday evening atter a protracted illness. Btsnorr's Disc ENGINE.—We were favoured last week with an opportunity of inspecting, at Messrs. Rennie 's establishment, an improved disc engine of 20-horse power at work, intended chiefly to be introduced as a spore simple plan of driving screw propellers. The disc engine was first invented in 1830. It is simple enough in construction, though its action may not be so easily understood. It con sists of two cones, having the apex of each placed opposite and at a distance apart from each other equal to the thick ness of the disc, the cones forming an angle of perhaps 120 degrees. Actually the cones do not terminate in points, as has been assumed merely fur the sake of giving an idea of their position, but the points are cut away, and a ball fits between the two. The axis passes through this ball, having the disc fixed to it. The bases of each oone arc connected together all round by a spherical ring, to suit the action of the disc. The periphery of the disc has to be steam-tight against this ring. A partition is made between the cones, the ring, and the ball, en as to effectually prevent the passage of steam—this in feet forms the point of resistance —and a slit is cut in the disc so as to fit the partition. The action is this: steam is admitted between the cone, the disc, and the partition, the steam cannot get through at the partition, and on the other hand the disc is in contact with, the cone, so that the steam has no other alternative than to depress the disc. The steam acts alternately on one side of the disc and on the other, so that the disc is made to work up and down like a wave. This works the axis round and round, and its extremity acts to give motion to the shaft, just like a pin in a common crank. In the old engines, the cones had teeth, the disc had teeth also to correspond, the object of which was to prevent the passage of steam when the disc was in contact with tho cones. They caused a good deal of friction and noise. Mr. Bishopp has intro duced a new system of packing, by which he dispenses with the teeth ; the manner in which the disc is packed round the periphery is a great improvement; a guiding bow is also introduced, by which the alit iu the disc is kept in con tact with the partition. One difficulty expenenced in engines for screw propelling is the proper condensing of the steam, the engines having to work at high speeds. We don't know whether Mr. Bishopp intends working his engines at high pressure. In the engine we saw there was no mode of condensing. Mr. Biahopp states that the disc engine offers peculiar advantages for working expansively : whilst steam is expanding on one aide of the disc, high pressure steam is admitted at the other, thus counteracting any retarding effect. Models of the disc engine are to be seen at work in the Great Exhibition. THE VIADUCT SCHEME FOR HOLBORN RAVINE, FAERIXODON .—To those who are acquainted with the city of Edinburgh, such a thing as two streets crossing each other at levels differing much more than would be the cue here, is easily understood; as well as the appearance of the houses at the intersection, which are double the usual height; the main difficulty to the working is the obtaining passages parallel with the high level for vehicles from the low one to reach it by. The central viaduct scheme, for vehicles only, is evidently by far the most tangible ; such a viaduct, formed solely for the great eastward and westward traffic, should bo laid with two pairs of tramways; one pair for the line of validates running east, the other for those running west,—the central apace narrower than those gauged ter nista*, se otherwise disqualified for use. The mimeo amid be serried out without touching a building, a footpet4 se eves a herb-stone. As regards its effect upon the •sseum property, I think it is equally evident that, when ono the viaduct was completed and working, that could wet be deteriorated, but would more probably be sahassei is vales; especially in the lower parts, nearest Fanieguiseretreet. The inconvenience during execution, too, need be but very temporary ; since the work would be of a kind which could be almost wholly prepared before the fixing et say part was proceeded with. This Holborn-hill mime" therefore, which has been a omega such grievous 6=lllke many years, and whisk, se long as it lasts, pse lamellar by no mem the formidable *Mita cenelseek is felines* weeidesem to imply.— Cw rest of the Dmikkr. ENTERTAINMENT TO PAROCHIAL SCHOOL CHIL DS= IT ?RR Bulb, OF Osonewelea.—The palace gar den ewe des seine eta very skew el sed mimosa WO. tools the alimeoces lissisyhot, whoa the loniblisep et the home butted the Abbas et the various promidal edsesie te whim el monnel besot la the grouse at- Imbed le the pekoe. The thikess, lirweris of a thou mad Y amnber, marshalled by tie pouhiel clam ithereeded te the plow of enterwiement between thee end hen Visa, eni, pesos baying been Rene, at lined w down _ le plea =eddies Ohs owl mho, weed outith on hales hul =s, Mew per with eeki photo est a. smithe d.w iftsmg the supervision dile nee,best awl lbs. "WY* After tea a wisp et booty ehemeravos he Iris keldstp va l ou t a ke who thswimhee * the pro videdilrettieth A brad et owl INGS in ahes=, and two oe Ogee limensi 'pastel= remommisi the pomade te wham eitibh owhymenle et the &him* The &Uses etas Wont seeds in this elly mid Plehmlon were else psi at their woopeetive ay/6kmme by ken lordship en Wittig end Wainseday.--hearkwy Jawed. A igaftaftog. Anew the pormsgere which evolved yeemedmy et Ihwthen~reet - Oille le the nude meft Memoir, wee a Owlish Ifteleas*w behlighter. Ile wished et Ileethemplen the the peep* if promedhig /row thekplet le Sena Amnia. whore be bee as taipmement he Om yews, to =la mambos la ere et II • 110111 The sem be is Me so. ' isles No moths is 4,00 0i. 1 11 11 : ie a eleth built ma, omil wens le poems great activity and the was be thilesi the rimed whit whin k Melia with as swop pedremme of as setts`ee. aleawy_eleelitht two age' mod, II k. irlik • girt IL - To use wens we Mai. ally m eg il sequin amseloilde smog& sod doelselly. The =them et the Piliftedoe woe relbw Wes nod = quite Sot dillemot hem el s =lik lei a streoml el& lee, a elbmksha%ereth, who ins behe a d mei hieemeaft end thin hie meeler. The bandies et the likeshmin the warthense et the emehemplos seam. with bis sie amemen, deep May miss, end memo* whelility, seas to e we rani seamemed maw& his Mew morel who WM shaft by. THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 16, 1851. ' THE ACCIDENT ON THE BI SHIRE RAILWAY. NTRAL AMERICAN, OR GUATEMALA BONDS. Yesterday a meeting of the owners of these bonds took place at the George and Vulture Hotel, George-yard, Lombard-street, to consider and decide upon a proposal made to the committee by the State of Guatemala as to a portion of the debt. Air. H. SOARS having been called to the chair, Mr. HARRISON read the following report. " The committee of Central American bondholders having received from Mean. Finlay, Hodgson, snd Co., of this city, a proposal for an arrangement, by way of compro mise, of the share of the Republic of Guatemala in the foreign bond debt of the late Federal Republic of Central America, have called the present meeting to consider and decide on the terms offt red. The terms of the proposal are in substance—that Guatemala shall issee two sets of new bonds, at different rates of interest, for a proportion of the capital of the ►lave bond debt, and a proportion of interest due thereon. The aggregate of the two amounts pronosed for such issue of ucw bonds is 90,4761. Ris. 3d; and the terms are, that on the present bondholders receiving these new bonds for their proportionate amounts appertaining to their respective holtings of the existing bonds, such new bonds bearing interest from the Ist. Feb., 18.52, at rates after mentioned, a discharge shall be given to Guatemala from all liability, under such existing bonds, of the late Federal Republic of Central America. The following is a statement of the amount of the bonds of Central America at BICESTER, MONDAY. The inquest was resumed this morning. The so licitor of the company produced the bill by which the excursion train was advertised. It said nothing of stop pages between the termini. Mr. Bruit!, the Bicester station-masher, being recalled, said that that which Mr. Bruyeres, sepsristendcut of the London and North Western Railway. ha In his evidence called the main down line was milled a siding by all the officers and drivers connected with the line, and the re gu lations of the line were applied to it in that view. Mr. Dockeray, resident engineer of the railway, said he considered that those rails formed a siding, and were Rot a main line. Mr. M'Connell was called and examined upon the soun : uess and efficiency of the engine when sent out, and deposed that it was fit for working. Doctor's statements on that point were certainly incorrect. Carrier, the driver, re called, impressed his satisfaction with the engine. Mr. Briquet, superintendent of the London and North Western Railway, recalled—The Foreman: Have there been any instructions to the officers at the Oxford station respecting the return of Bicester passengers from Oxford / —Mr. Brayeres : Nothing beyond the notice to the public in the handbills and placards.—The Foreman: Would the clerks at Oxford have given the passenger. free tickets to return to Bicester ?—Mr. Bruyeres : I should imagiao they would. It is a common thing to carry passengers beyond the station, and our clerks have a general authority to scud them back without charge.—The Coroner: Is it reasonable to suppose that the Bicester passengers should go to Oxford that, and then return to Bicester?—Mr. Bruyeres : The bills informed them that they might return to Oxford if they pleased. After the examination of this witness, the coroner com- meaced his recapitulation of the facts. At the conclusion of the learned gentleman's address, the court was cleared, and the jury remained in deliberation about an hour aad • half. On the re-opening of the court, the Foreman of the jury said:—We find that the deceased persons died from "accidental causes;" but the jury desire to attach to that finding tome special observations, which I will now read: " The jury consider that in closing their investigation as to the cause of the melancholy catastrophe which his been attended with such fatal results, they arc called upon, as well in regard to the distreanal feelings of the relatives of the deceased as of those unfortunate sufferers who bars survived the accident, and also in justice to the public at large, to record some special elm-rations with retereuce to the events preceding the occurrence and attendant upon it, but further with reference to the future traffic of the Bucks Railway. " The jury find that the railway upon which the la mentable event occurred is a branch line from the London toil North-Western Railway, diverging at Bletchley, to Oxford, through Bicester, and that from Steeple Claydon to Oxford is a single line only. " The jury find that the train to which the accident oc curred was not only an excursion train advertised by public notice for passengers to leave London on Saturday, and to return on the following Monday, but it also formed a re turn excursion train for passengers who had left Oxford for Loudon on the previous Monday, as well as fur those who had left Oxford and Bicester on the previous Tuesday. " The jury . find that the notices to the public of these excursion trains were imperfectly and vaguely drawn, for, whilst the company's officer. at Biccoter construed them to mean that the Saturday excursion train from London to Oxford was to call at Bicester the officers at Hlettliley con strued them to mean that they should not stop at Illetchley but go through to Oxford; and the jury consider that both of those constructions might be fairly adopted with out the imputation of any neglect of duty on their part as ar:sing from such cause. "The jury find that the company's servants at Bicester were prepared for the train to stop there for the Bicester passengers to alight ; but that the engineman in charge of the train acted upon the belief that he was to go through to Oxford without stopping at Bicester, and that such a misunderstanding had a tendency to produce confusion in the arrangements, and required more than ordinary vigi lance to be paid to the points and signals ; and the jury consider that there was a want of adequate instruction to the guards from their superior officers as to the stoppage* of the train to bo consistent with the public safety. " The jury find that, although there is much discrepancy in the evidence adduced before them as to the speed at which the train was travelling when it reached the junction point at Bicester, yet the engineman admits that he was going at a greater speed than he would have done had he known that he was to stop at Bicester. It appears, there fore, that, in the absence of R clear understanding amongst the officers as to stopping at Bicester or not, the only guides they had to direct them were the signals provided by the company, with direction s for their use. That, in the pre sent case, the signalman had used the necessary signal of caution at the auxiliary signal post, and of danger and stop at the points. That the engineman and guards had ob served the caution signal at the auxiliary post, and had slackened speed accordingly, but that the driver and his guards were misled by some optical illusion as to the white light, or "go on" signal, at the principal signal post of the station. The jury find that the white light was not turned to wards the approaching train, yet they see no reason to doubt that the engicensan and guards were, from some unex plained cause, misled by the appearanceof a real or reflected light, which they believed to have been the white light signal for " go on," and that being deluded by thief supposed white light, they did not observe the danger signal at the points until they had approached so near to them as to be unable to stop or to reverse the engine. " The jury find that if the points had been fairly open for the train to pass down either the straight line or the siding, and had been in perfect condition at the time, it is more than probable that the train would have passed to the station. _ _ _ the time of the dissolution of its federal republic, of the present position of such bonds, and of the amount due thereon from the eel eral states which composed the late republic, ex cept the state of Costa Wee, which has been discharged from the debt. Ist. The capital of the foreign bond debtor Central America at the dissolution of its republic, about 1839, was 163,3001; deduct Costa Rica's share, 1-12th, that state having beta discharged, 13,6081.65. Bd.; present amount of capital due, 119,6311. 13s. 4d. On this amount interest at 6 per cent, per annum is due from the lst February, 1828, to Ist February next, being 21 years. At the dissolution of the late republic, Mr. Chatfield, her Majesty's charge rrafaires at Guatemala (who has acted, and still acts, on behalf of tho bondholders), proposed and pressed on the states of the late republic the following distribution amongst themselves of the bond debt, viz , Guatemala, 6-12ths ; Salvador, 2-12ths ; Honduras, 2-12tiis ; Nicaragua, 2-12ths ; and Costa Rica, 1-12th. Although Mr. Chatfield was very persevering in nis endeavours to procure the consent of the status to the above distribution, and to induce each to arrange for its quota, yet it now appears that he was not able until June last, owing to the unsettled state of the country and the absence of a stale government, to obtain the decision of Guatemala, or any definite arrangement by her, as to a share of the debt. Guatemala then proposed to adopt only 4-12ths, and 4th of another; but for this pro portion she declared her inability to provide for its capital and the arrears of interest; which inability Mr. Chatfield has confirmed. So that it was useless to attempt a further negotiation for the full amount of the 5-12ths. The committee under!tan d ... and believe that Sal- i vac or, on urns, at, icara n oun, have at mate their iiability to 2-12ths each of the debt, though Nicaragua, ' about two years since, in a negotiation which the committee had with its representative, then in London, attempted to reduce such liability to a lower proportion, which the com ' mittce distinctly and positively refused. Various proposals have been made to the committeo on the parts of Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua, far arrangements of their respec • tire proportions, but such proposals have not in any instance been brought to such a result as that the committer, could submit them to the bondholders. Mr. Chatfield is conti- nuino ' his endeavour to procure from these three states ranee definite oilers, and it is hoped that the prospect of a greatly improved condition of their affairs from the effects on them of the success of the scheme for a communication between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans through Nicaragua, iu developing the great resources of these states and increas ing their population, will, at no distant day, give success to Mr. Chatheld's endeavour.. Costa Rica has arranged for 1-12th. The shares of Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua are for 2-12ths each (representing one-half of the original debt), so that in considering the present offer of Guatemala, it must be taken as representing . the remaining 3-12th.. 'filo amount duo on the a-12ths is, for capital, 68,0411. 13s. 4d. ; for interest from Ist Feb. 18:D3, to Ist Feb. next (24 g•ears), at 6 per coot., 97,9781. ltis. • making together 166,0201. 9s. 42. The proposal of Guate mala is to give new bonds of its Republic for 4.l2ths and 1-4th of capital, viz., 37,8331. Bs. 32., bearing 5 per cent. interest, and 50 per cent. of arrears of I interest to Feb. 1, 1832, 41,6111. 10s. bearing 3 per cent. interest ; these two sums Making together 99,4761. 18s. 3d. the difference between the full amount claimed and that offered being about 66,0001., while the sacrifice sought from the bondholders on the arrears of interest (as admitted by Guatemala) is 41,6111. 10s., besides a reduction of 1 per cent. per annum on the rate of interest fixed in the original bonds on the proportion of capital and of 3 per;cent. per an num on the proportion fur arrears of interest. The following is a copy of the proposal of Messrs. Fin lay, llialpon, and Co., which is in the shape of a letter from Mr. Chatfield to that firm, and another copy of which the committee have since received from Viscount Palmer ston contained in a despatch from Mr. Chatfield to the Foreign-office : to Messrs. Finlay, Hodgson, and Co. London.—Bri tish Mission, Guatemala, June 20, 1831.— Dear Sirs,—The Mowing proposal has been made to me by the severa -1 ment of this republic for the payment of its debt to the British bondholders. The government of Guatemala re cognises as a debt of the republic 41-twelfths of the foreign debt contracted in London by the government of the Fede ration of Central America in the year 1821, and it will issue bonds payable to bearer for 57,8351. Bs. 3d., which shall bear interest at the rate of 5 per cent. per annum from the Ist day of February, 1832. The government of Guatemala also recognises as a debt of the republic one-half of the in tros at 6 per cent. per annum overdue and unpaid from dr Ist February, 1828, to the let February, 1832, amount ing to 41,6111.105. ; and the government will issue bonds payable to bearer for this amount, to bear en annual inter est of 3 per cent., such interest to begin to run from the Ist of February, 1852. The interest on the new bonds for the original capital, as also the interest on the bonds to be is- I flied for the capital treated by ono half of the interest in arrears, shall be paid in London every six months ' free of all expense. The first payment shall take place on the Ist August, 1852, and henceforth on the lit of } ebrnary and Ist of August of every succeeding year. The govern ment of Guatemala will faithfully pay the dividends on these two capitals, and create a fund for the amortisation of the debt in the following manner. One tenth part of the pro duce of the maritime alcabala from the lit January, 1852, shall be assigned to this payment, and it shall be paid at the Custom house of the republic to the agent of the bond holders, who is to remit the amount to London, in order that with the intervention of the representative of the Guatemalan government in England, the dividends may be paid. The surplus shall be paid over to the said Guate mala representative to create a sinking fund, and the re demption of bonds may be arranged according to the terms of the original contract of 1824 at the current price of the day of the bonds in circulation. From the let Jewellery, 1848, instead of one tenth part of the maritime aleabala, one sixth of the same shall be assigned to the use of the debt in the way expressed in the preceding paragraph, so that a larger amount of the debt may be annually redeemed. If on the parts of the governments of Honduras, Salvador, and Ni caragua, the conversion of the bonds of 1824 be not effected at tho same time as thoseof Guatemala, there shall be endorsed on the said bends the delivery of the new bonds issued in virtue of this arrangement, in such a way that the re public of Guatemala shall be discharged from all engage. ' meta and responsibility as to the Central American Bonds referred to. This arrangement is subject to the approval of the committee of bondholders. In submitting this pro- posal to you, I have to request that you will bring it before the committee of bondholders for their consideration and approval. With regard to the terms, I have to observe that the Guatemalan government is indisposed to a greater responsibility than 41-12ths of the original l that is to say, 1-3rd or 4-12ths of the original debt, with one quarter of the 1-12th added to it, which Costa Rica objected to acknowledge at the time of paying off its share of this engagement. The question of &megatons tho pro =rate of 5 per mut. per annum interest on the deferred t capitalised, sad also the reduction of 50 per tent. oft the arrears of interest, are fur the decision of the INF abbe of brodheidess ; but I may observe that I do amt Wok mg bony advance on this prciposal would be reto hers, or if agreed to, that it could be used. The assign' mont of I.loth of the matt- time a/cabala, or custom duties, may, I think, be 1 I relied on, and as long as I remain in the country I will Itake care that no disappointment occurs. The government 'of Guatemala is desirous that you should act as its agents for the payment of the dividends. Mr. Edward Waller ,stein, the Guatemalan Consul-General in London, is to re edy* the sea annually set apart for the sinking fund, and be is watharied M alia the mg bends M be limed in ex- LlZhe the aid bands, and tbs new bends to exchange dividend warrants. I webs to iyhmaat Palmerston by this mail, informing his lordship at the proposed arrange , meat. Requesting to knew the zesslutkos of the bond holders as moos as practical!, I am. (signed) Pam. Ca/erotism' " The counahno, after mei esaalderation, came to the following resaleisas :—That aillosesh much disappointed in the aassemt of the ease allievoll assi t amotmehoo especially *her m a blab *id* pear s t to elope he ** tho u l ot gar paynest, mad *ea pains a a 4 l:l of Wenn en are - in **an Se die °plaices of XL es J• as peseeetei evaleuele. a* la mmiiiwatim et 1 1 1 = aniliared aline to peewee en anesponat of the heifer dear mils *baps that a discharge bolsi ob- Woe toy Oftemia, in addition* Costa Rios, willing:ream Irdidaslos d the nearaief *ISO OAS to be relieved bra dorm ot the den, the amaittee are iodised to think it lemftit else. the proposal eeldese to the follow litWi=er the sou of 99,4781. 18s. U. Ohs atip=e teresame Mani ia the proper') be hinanal mai k ilea two mu of bawls at alliesstit eee on dime *a melt ICO,OOOI. (or the aimed peonage eldelo *atom will yield is penaie oda* a haselea et a pea* as the said of the enseme beads, via, 141,111§L), es melds ea the Wale et d par ems. par mama be Wool lip Ihreelmrk, soda hrtetertll4= llo i s 14.6.1 m, oil all sirmikbl *re itted las aravuor lie y gni let ea August to eafirr es** eer r the hest ec ia rik helfieerly lappet to be made OS lst " the aseseney foods be rutr tre .fibsialuesi lo memil easit agai with iabat."."l"attr dilln 1 3 . 4tegg=7P lil as el•Sill gookas tha le a gaisbeesthe lit4be .I=4: predecoghinot not bo ammemo my put** hmasal f roneom ad apart he media, it, "The jury find that there was nothing observed by the nointsmau at the time the train reached him to indicate any defect whatever in the , points. But they find also that after the train bad passed the pointsman, and before any other train had gone over the points, it was discovered that the tie-rod, which is shown to have been partially broken before, and which connects the two point rails, had been broken asunder near to the screw joint, and that the heel chair was also broken and the point rail attached to it bent. " The jur y . find that these injuries to the tic-rod, the chair, and point rail, were occasioned at the momentary transit of the engine or tender over the points, by coming in contact with the toe of the point rail, but whether they were so occasioned by sand, gravel, or any other material having prevented the points falling into their proper position, or whether by any indecision on the part of the pointsman as to which line of rails he was to send the train down by, or whether by any slip of the handle of the points - lever , or by any other cause ; yet the jury find that from some such cause the engine went over the points on to the straight line, whilst the rest of the train took the siding, and resulted in that awful loss of life, serious injury to persons and great destruction of property which is now so *sl i t deplored. " whilst the jury find that there was not that mea nies of Nipability in the conduct of any of the company's seretanla es to warrant the finding of an adverse verdict against say of them, yet they feel that it is due to the public safety that some greater means of protection to life and property than now exists should be resorted to by the company, and that in the monopoly which railways have achieved in travelling, the lives of passengers should not be jeopardised at the shrine of interest and divi dends. " The jury find that a single line of railway necesaarily involves more danger to passengers than a double one, by reason of the trains having to pass over junction points in the one case which would not be required in the ether. They also find that trains are occasionally delayed at the stations to prevent collision with other trans sad Imam that the engmemen on duty are superinduced to travel at a greater speed than is consistent with safety en a line of railway, in order to observe the times appoints= their arrival at stations. Than and other matters at mere minute detail impose upon the company's servants a damn of watchfulness and care on a single line of railway alined superhuman; and that the pointaman in the discharge of his duties is liable, from a mere accidental slip or fall, or from a want of nerve or that presence of mind which is so essential in eases of difficulty and danger, to be the inno cent or accidental cause of daWaction to life and property. "The jury therefore earnestly urge upon the directors of the company, as they value human life and deplore the sacrifice of it, that they will cause a second line of rails to be laid down without delay, as a mean' of preventing the recurrence of such a dire calamity as that which has now formed the subject of their very anxious inquiry and most painful deliberation." At the suggestion of the coroner a recommendation was added that all then trains should stop at Bicester station. THE " MITRDEIn AT r. Milburn, - - ern., maim to know what bed well bermarr of his son, at hie sages* P. O. cie , went W Liveried le mho . am inisiala wNt a tre ..4 on =d ir reseewrenyag tea; tine, ea S geredeeed, dread Isowleige of his. A wee As made, wed Milburn mu found in a pada bona is the seighbaulsood of the docks, readings ; ` ham fee preseedisg to Australia by the (sheet te sail). Mbyte told Drummond that H earl be bad been contriving their Sight far a saw siderelis tine; that Haag was to p to Howard*. gel • brae " sad gig, sad se m his at a ne w the lase et the murder" (whisk he did), provided wilt deem ; that they thee drew to NewcastlL , (hr way a _ . of Nape" demeaglea ie.) ; that at bridge they 1111•11 WO the river a bottle of bleed , daybed predisd (bei de their hurry bed heist le use it) to spH igen the plies whore the bat, &a., were left; that spent the alai the Old Ottew inn, Hew es* Ad 1* bit by the *ie train to , presseft three by le Whi erbsvm and so on by ran is laveigesi. Me maid he wail write to his father, and deheraliallMe reuses he leaviegthereantey. We are inlbsesit that ear wise of this elide, ha week bad Mr. Imes Pala sm era% Nowerle, Mr. sad Me. Wills we booked lbw Awentelia) emmembele wee.* the esperietaadrat el pike, Mara, oldie hire t the cereal by whish they had zZr peregesled earned bra Livsrpool.—Oehebsed Dmsn TO TEI Loan PRovoier or Bppnix/ eitaetca, t ty he Lord was Proweet ebil id aa nilabas" to od --ICitairelifelteeTdiaae7 _ the digni of beiabibeal. Tbe Deka of Xr. Correa, Y.P., nebeeer Dertalibea, Sir 3am Purist, Sir James ANIMUS. sad weal cla- Vwssidlwg keg papaw, was mast as the wawdow. I or as to any other cause or circumstance ; but, nevertheless, it is to be understood that for better securing such payments and remittances the executive government, in conjunction with Mr. Chatfield or his successor, will, from the lst of January, 1852, until lit Jan., 1858, assign and from time to time remit to the agents in London, on account of divi dends and oinking fund, one-tenth of the maritime Calm vale duties ; and from the Ist January, 1858, until the said bonds shall be redeemed, one-sixth of such duties shall be so assigned and remitted for the above p "3rd. That fur the redemptionof the bonds to issued by Guatemala, that republic, or its executive government, shall arrange with Mr. Chatfield such an amount for a sinking fund to be remitted to and applied in London, as will redeem the whole of the bonds within years from the Ist February, 18.52, with power to Guatemala to redeem the new bonds in London at an earlier period, and in case such new bonds should, during tho period of re demption, be at or above par, then a power to redeem at par on giving six months' notice. " 4th. That the new bonds to be issued for the 100,0001. sterling and interest shall be as near as possible in feria and to the effect of the existing bonds of the late republic of Central America, and such new bonds shall be issued at the expense of Guatemala, and shall have attached to them Icoupons or interest warrants for each half-year's interest, to fall due from the Ist of February, 1852, and the period tiled for the total redemption of the bonds, such coupons or warrants being made payable in Loudon to bearer free of expense. sth and lastly. That each holder of the existing bonds of the late Federal Republic of Central America, on re ceiving his proportionate share of the new bonds to be issued in consequence and in fulfilment of this arrangement shall allow an effectual discharge to Guatemala to be written or stamped on his amount of such existing bonds of the late Federal Republic, so as fully to exonerate Guatemala from all liability thereto." On the motion of Mr. IlamstoNn, the report was adopted, and tho resolutions having been proposed seriatim, were unanimously' agreed to. A veto of thanks was then passed to Mr. Hammond and the chairman, and the proceedings terminated. LONDON AND NORTH - WESTERN AND GREAT NORTHERN. The great part of the correspondence referred to yesterday consists of certain propositions of the compa nies for a division of the traffic. Mr. C. E. Stewart, the secretary of the London and North-Western Company, on the 31st of March, in a letter to Mr. Muwatt, the secretary of the Great Northern Company, after adverting to a minute passed on the 22nd of Match last by a committee representing the Midland and Loudon and North-Western Companies, which was placed in the hands of Mr. De nison, the chairman of the Great Northern Company on the morning of its date, by Mr. Ellis, the chairman of the Midland Company, and Mr. Smith, the deputy-chairman of the London and North• Western, who both urged upon Mr. Denison the acceptance of the offer to continuo the existing arrange ment of equal fares, rates, &c., for passengers and goods between all places to which the respective companies compete. Alter much negotiation it was agreed to refer to Mr. Gladstone the question of an equitable divi sion of the traffic receipts to certain specified towns ; the only question on which a serious difference of opinion existed was, whether the traffic beyond those towns should be competed fur at equal rates. The joint committee state they have it in evidence that the first reduction of fares was made by the Great Northern Company carrying pas sengers, in conjunction with the York and North Midland Company, between Milford Junction and London, at rates so low as to divert the traffic from the Midland line ; to counteract this, it became necessary to make a reduction at Normanton. The Great Northern then reduced at knot tingley, which, being within a few miles of Leeds, a reduc tion at that town necessarily followed; and finally, the fares being at the rate of ds. for 400 miles, the Great Northern issued a notice, to the effict that the rates on their line would be tid. lower than the tares via the Midland and London and North-Western route. In consequence of some misunderstanding as to the con ditions upon which the arbitration between the companies was to proceed, the following letter was sent b;• the Right lion. Mr. Gladstone in reply to one from Mr. Swift on the subject: July 29. My dear think that the case stands nearly as follows, so far as it depends upon our meetings at Mr. Baxter's house and yours : Mr. Baxter, on the part of the Great Northern, declared himself not authorised to include points beyond the towas named. You hereupon stated that you were still prep: retl to proceed with the arbitration, adding that you thought the result would, in all probability, be illusory. I said that there acre two conditions without which I was not prepared to proceed ; the first, that the parties should be agreed as to the exact matters to be re ferred ; the second, that they should he agreed in looking for a substantial result from the arbitration, and that it appeared to me that the second of these conditions was wanting. The immediate occasion, therefore, of our failure seems to hare been my declaration, founded upon the joint effect of what had been stated by you and by Mr. Baxter. —I remain, faithfully yours, "J. Swift, En." " W. E. GLADSTONE. The correspondence concludes with a resolution of the Midland and North-Western joint committee, passed the ith of August, to the following effect: "Resolved—That this committee are still willing and desirous to bring about an immediate restoration of ' rea sonable rates' at the six towns, and generally; and sin cerely regret that the Great Northern board, by its con tinued refusal to agree to the principle of equal gross charges' to all places, without reference to distance or other circumstances, and with' arbitration in case of dif ference,' and penalties in tho event of breach,' renders futile all attempts to restore and maintain at the six towns rates which are necessarily affected by the rates which the Great Northern Company insist upon the power of fixing to places beyond." TILE AGRICULTURAL DISTRICTS. THE SOUTH COAST COUNTIES. TO TIM EDITOR OF THE DAILY NEWS. Having occasion to visit a district on the South Coast, I availed myself of the opportunity of inspect ing the crops upon the land lying between the me tropolis and the sea, and of making some inquiries as to the state and prospects of the farmers in these localities. This is certainly not a district in which improvement is very marked or general. Here and there you see a farm reasonably well cultivated, but there is little, if any, of that spirited farming we find so extensively in the I:astern Counties, Lincolnshire, and in some parts of our Midland counties. Near Anerley is a tract of land laid out in squares and parallelograms, as if meant for building ground, ' which a largo black board announces to be the "Anorley Estate," purchased by the National Free hold Land Society for division amongst its members. Whether the subscription list is not full, or whether the estate is only a recent acquisition, I know not, bat beyond the laying out of roads—or rather the sites of roads—there were no signs that members had taken any steps to render their lots available, either by cultivation or building. Except in the immediate neighbourhood of populous towns, I do not bee how the members of such societies can turn their modi cums of land to any profitable account, and I confess I greatly doubt the desirableness of inducing any considerable number of working men to look to the cultivation of a patch of ground as the source of any considerable part of their livelihood. Sooner or later they will inevitably become potato growers for their own consumption, and in the same degree in which their allotments withdraw them from a dependence on the sale of their labour, will their circumstances become deteriorated. Beyond a garden attached to his cot tage, the occupation of land is a loss rather than a gam to a labouring man who can obtain regular em ployment. I know that many persons support these societies under the idea that they encourage the habit of saving amongst labourers, and so far they may operate usefully; but the notion that the creation of a peasant proprietary in England would add to the comfort and lade ' pendence of the working classes is, I believe, a complete delusion. Nor do I think that such a class can ever be permanently established amongst us, simply because the men themselves will find the occupation of a small portion of land unpro , Stable. At Croydon, where the chalk formation cmimences, the wheat crops are pretty good, and nearly the whole of the wheat fields were cleared from thence to Rei gate. The second crop of clover is almost universally good, according to soil and cultivation. I doubt whether the farming of this part of the chalk dis trict is as yet sufficiently good to place the farmers at their ease in these times of moderato prices, though as regards the present season they have nothing to complain of : they will have the utmost return their syste m of cultiTvatihison is hicly to give in averaged asons. tract hes wholly in Surrey, the customary valuation of the county nits like an incubus on the Surrey farmer. Now, the Surrey valuation, that is, the sum an incoming tenant has to py to his prede oesser, is the heaviest in England. The fall custom mom that the n outgoing tenant is paid for dressings and half-dreesigs of dung, and lime, and sheep folding, he ploughings and fellows, whether naked or otherwise, including the rent and taxes of the fellows, half-bllows, and leys ; ho also pays for all clover and rye graffireced sown with the spring and ether oorn; the ianderwoods are paid for down to the shim; and the hay and straw are paid for at a feed ing price. The most experienced valuers at, that much fraud and falsehood amongst farmers is the re sult of this system, which takes place principally in the half-dressings, namely, those manurings from which only one crop of corn has been taken. • I am very much disposed to doubt whether the pre valence of a system of allowance for what are called unexhausted improvements is really beneficial to tho farmer—first, because the incoming valuations usually lock up an undue proportion of - his capital, and he is constantly imposed upon, and pays for that which is of little use to him ; and, secondly, the cus tom of making such allowances greatly , tends to pre vent the granting of long leases, which form the only real protection to the farmer's capital and independ ence. I have seen something, and heard a great deal more, of these valuations between outgoing and incoming tenants, and I have no hesitation in saying that, as an incoming tenant I would never submit to a blind engagement to pay a farming valuation with out knowing beforehand what amount I had to pay, and the particulars for which payment was required. I have again and again known farmers so hampered by the large sums they have paid for valuations on entry, that they never could recover, and I am by no means surprised that the landed proprietors should be unwilling to establish any new system of tenant right allowances by legislative enactment. I would strongly impress on farmers the importance of insist ing on long leases before they enter on farms, and lay out their money, and then they can make all these incoming and outgoing valuations a subject of con tract. In that way, and that way only, will the in coming tenant-farmer clearly know what is his amount, and how much of his capital he will have left available for working his farm. I frankly say I do not think the great majority of Surrey farms I have seen can be either safe or profitable speculations to their occupiers as at present farmed. Here, how ever, improvement is taking place, though not so rapidly ur extensively as in many other counties. After Reigate you pass into the Weald district. About Reigate the soil is sandy ; it is on the green sand formation, and thereare some fine fields of roots, and the corn ciops are good. Between that place and the chalk hills there are also some good meadows, but after you get to the Weald clay, about three or four miles front Reigate, the wheat and oats are poor and thin. Here the crops are much later than on the chalk stratum above. There arc some good fields of Swedes. The whole of this tract requires to be drained; aud the hedges, woods, and timber trees are so wide, close, and abundant, that I cannot conceive how any ono can hope to farm successfully without commeucing, as he would in Canada, by clearing his farm from brushwood aud timber. here we meet with summer allows as a part of the regular course of husbandry. In the neighbourhood of Three Bridges station, there is a good deal of rough plantation and wood land, which like all else in this district, betokens a half-and half slovenly mode of doing things. Though there is some new plantation, the character of the whole is rather that of an unrecloimed woodland tract than of a regularly made plantation. Betweeni hree Bridges and Holcomb, the sandstone of the Wealden formation I appears, and the country is broken into abrupt hills of moderate elevation. Here, in addition to an over wooded country and small fields, the farmer has to contend with the shaip acclivities over which his ploughs must work. The wheat crops aro hero better than on the Wealden clay, and there ate on some farms moderately good crops of oats. If this land were cleared and well drained, it would un questionably he capable of being rendered very productive. Passing Ilayward'a-heath, where sand becomes more predondnant, there the soil is all of the same character, occupied generally by small farmers, of little capital and less enterprise. In one place, near Burgess-hill, I observed a farm which bore ob vious signs of the hand of the improver; and there a verytine field of wheat told whatmight be grown on this lard if skilfully and generously treated. The stuck here consists of the red Sussex cattle, with somo crossed, apparently, with the Alderney breed. You then pass over a tract of strong land sloping towards tho foot of the South Down hills, which hero present a bold escarpment. Shortly after Hassock's gate the road dives into the Chalk-hill, and emerges in the hilly district around Brighton. From Brighton all along the south coast there is a tract of as fine corn land us any in England. Between the laud, the farming, and the crops on the Wealden side of the South Downs aud other rich land of the sea coast, nothing can be more striking; there everything bespeaks narrow means and small returns for agricultural enterprise; here all is fertility and abundance, and from all I can learn the farmers aro well to do. On the Weald the tenants arc commonly ignorant men, and seem to have very little notion of the terms of the con tracts they make when entering upon their farms. The payments made on the Weald by incoming tenants, extend to dressings and half dressings of dung and lime, to payment for allows and tillage performed on the allows, as well as the rent and taxes on the fallow laud. On old clover ley which has remained over fur a year, the out-goiug tenant has also an allowance made of a years rent, it being assumed that he might have ploughed up the clover after remaining down one year, and taken a wheat crop from the land. For the equivocal advan tage of sowing whentonla:secontgyear's, the Sussexin coming farmer has to pay a years rent. Where, how ever, the ley is in bad condition, so that the new tenant is not disposed to sow wheat upon it, a con siderable deduction is made; and in this respect the Sussex valuation is less unfair than the Surrey. Half (allows are not now paid for in Sussex, though they are still allowed to the outgoing tenant in Surrey. The Sussex farmer, I ant told, on entering his farm, also pays for hedge-rows as uuderwood, in propor tion to the number of years' growth since the pre vious cutting. Can anything be more absurd and more opposed to the improvement most wanted on the Weald than such a custom? The most intelligent agents in Sussex feel the difficulties created by these customs are so great that they generally advise their employers to buy them up and let their farms on more rational principles. It is stated that the Wcalden farmers sometimes borrow money on their customary tenant-right ; and when I learn that sometimes on a small farm of 100/. a year a tenant-right of from 500/. to 6001. is some times paid by the incoming tenant, I am not surprised that such. a plan should be resorted to for avoiding some But of the evil of locking up the farmer's capital. But what a new state of complica tion it introduces into the farmer's affairs. He lays out his own capital in an unproductive tenant right, and then goes and borrows money for working his farm on the security of his own capital thus rendered compulsorily dormant. Upon the good land on the south coast, where tho farms are generally occupied by men of capital, tho valuation paid by the incoming tenant is confined very much to acts of husbandry—the hay at a feed ing price, and the fodder of the straw. This is rea sonable enough, and it would be most desirable if landlords and tenants throughout the country would simplify the customary allowances to that extent. On the south coast but little wheat has yet been threshed, but it is very fine, and the small quantity grown has proved to yield fine flour. In this district I think we shall, henceforth, hear very little more about agricultural distress. A MIDLAND COUNTIES FARMER. DEATH OF ONE OF BURNS'S HEROINES.—DiecI, at Greenock, on Saturday, the 30th ult., Mrs. Findlay, relict of Robert Findlay, Esq., of the Excise. In ordinary cir cumstances, the departure from this life of a respectable lady, ripe in years, would not have afforded matter of ge neral interest, but it happens that the deceased was one of the very few persons surviving to our own times who inti mately knew the bard in the first flush of his genius and manhood, anl 'e l l i s r i!hom her name and charms have been wedded to immortal Tern. She wail the "divine" Mims Markland, noticed in the " Belles of Meuchline." Miss Markiand became the wife of Mr. Findlay, officer of excise, Tarbolton, a gentleman who was appointed to in strait the bard in the mysteries of gauging. The con nexion thus formed between Burns and Findlay led to the introduction of the latter to Miss Markland, and his subse quent marriage to her in September of the same year. Mrs. Findlay was in her 23rd year at the time of her marriage, and in her 86th at her death.—Glasgow Herald. A MELANCHOLY EVENT occurred at Culling- Downs, on Saturday lad. Mr. John Merryweatber, who had been long suffering from a disordered state of the diges tive organs, which afxteo the nervous system generally, was on * visit there with his friends, for the benefit of hi health ; and it was hoped that he was improving by the change of air and scene. On Saturday, however, he was visited by a paroxym of the malady which had before attacked him; under the influence of which he first destroyed his sister, Mrs. Short (to whom he was most affectionately attached, and who had been assiduously attending upon him during his illness), and then himself. The sad event bas excited the deepest sympathy in the neighbourhood, Mr. Merryweather and his sister being both highly esteemed and beloved by all who knew them. Inquests were held on Mon day last on the two bodies, and verdicts returned of " Tem porary derangewient."—Solistetry Journal. 1 i~ , J