The Express. — London, England, 1848-10-19 00:00:00

COMMERCIAL & MARKETS. MONEY MARKET & CITY INTELLIGENCE. oTlock.-We hid some uneasiness and a alight decline in the funds in tho early part of the morning, but thee have now recovered, and are in deed a shade in advance of the closing rates of yes terday. Consols quote 841 to 5 fur money and Sedottlit. Reduced Threes 83 to 1. Three-and-a-(Quarter per Cents., $1 to 1. Exchequer Bills, 345. to 375. pre mium. Bank Stock, 180 to 3. With some slight differences in the quotations, the foreign market may be reported with little activity in business. Dutch Two-air.:-a-Half per Cents. are now called 14 to 1, which show not so wide a difference between buying and selling prices ; the Fours, 671 to 81. Russian remained 97 to 9. Danish, 63 to 8. Spanish Fives, 101 to 111 ; the Threes, 22 to 1 ; Naive, 21 to 31. Portuguese, 221 to 231. Mexican, 191 to 1. Brazilian, 71 to 3. Buenos Ayres, 20 to 2. Chilian, 82 to 4. Peruvian, 31 to Stocks come generally much depressed from Am sterdam, although home securities were little affected. Austrian were daily declining. Russian offered. Spanish and Portuguese feeble. 183141L1811 FUsne. Best boa. 1s.)) C. Cons far lie. Nor. 14, 841 6 3 per es Lot. Anat. HI I I Ver Geste., 641 1 Imer et Coss As, 141 .'11614N FU e,..usr g ewe. 31.. 16374. prem. 6N 9. 4 pot Ct. Magian Sonde. - 1 per ono. Grenada Hda..ll 44 ger It gas Hood; 741 tirenele Deterred Ma., 3 33 per Coot. ditto. - 6 per Cl Neskao, 1846. 191 ) I pm et. Itrsalbe Mb. n 3 doer et. ktnnian las.. 31 3 Ditto Now. 79 Fours 32) 34 Gper Ct. Mows Afro lids. Ml 2 rp e or i rrlow 1144. . 1 1 Ditto Chase 1t0...1114 11101 boast 14h 101 Ditto etiousb 114.16.9- 3 per ta. 1614, 33 I Caumbne Lenaloe nd... ' 1 11 liresta Darned Ms,- 3 tee et. Monti ads, a a 01410. Peons Ms. 21 31 21 pm Cc Puma 163... 44 1 :per Ct. Totemas I ....a 14 16 4 pa Ct. Ds,* emu.. G7l Q Tommie Deterred label 6 RAILWAYS.-The market is without signs of improvement and very quiet. We quote North Staf ords, 8 to 71 discount ; Shropshire Unions, buyers at 101.• Caledonian Prof., buyers at 12e. 6d. ; Great Northern, about 14 discount ; Eastern Counties, 12 to 121 per share; Boulogne and Amiens , 3; to 6; Madrid and Valencia, 16 to 16. SALES SFIRICIXD VP TO TWO THIS DAT IN LONDON.. (Yesterdare prices will Is bead I. lab page.) Odedemisa, 17 I Lea. & S. Western. 88 Do. New 10/. Pref., I Do. New Snip PM, 1 Zest Ass:Lia 311. L. & L sad Midis& 73 2 L.& D.,41 Do. 304. Coma. het, 111 Seam Owego% 12 111 N. Britt* 14 131 Do. New Goer. per CL, 8 Do. Halves, 6) . Do. Soldiers awl Sousa 3 D. Qrs.. 31 per Cent., 42 Do. Thirds., 3/ j N. Cs. Sins, Omar. 6 per CL, 011 N. Ittaffon!slere, 7 Ka4 LecolWve, to 001.. Wes.., and War., 211 Ells. k Glasgow, SI 7) Reed., sad Itrissle, 8) Urea Norden, 111 1 Scottish Omura, 23 21 D. Hams A Dd., 217 ehropagre Data, 1 1 Do. Hares IL a per *Alm. I S. Smuts W O . 3 . 13 3 West beam, 71 Do. Thirds, 74a 4, G% It Ds. Halms, 411 Wear Valley per CI. folar., 261 Lena. & Tat. 63 Whams', Stelae., & S. West., 9, Do. Quarters, 6 York, News, & tier., 221 Leeds end Think, IS Do. (al. Neve. abet.), 241 Load„ Brien, ad Moth Coot, Do, CI.N.E. Per., 41 23 1 2. York & Nceth Ilidlesd, 47 4 Do. sew Orr. 6 per CL, 41 4 Do. Pref., 61 Los. & N. beams, MI 3 Da E. & W. V. Ls., II) Norbik, 41/ Odom & Hordatez, 1 11 sr ay LITIOLPOOL SALES, Debase IL-Oes *Vries. The feeling t•-day was bad, bat towards Lbe afternoon it improved. Hr., loan, and Chain. lunches a llej mi. se..4ll.),ll rrei., 11 d dos. & N. Western, 103 21 Do. Now, 21 d 1)0. rittne. •164..3d. p lb. (401.), p Do Qrs. (A. & B.), per Do. Qrs. (C`„ 1 p Idea, SUL, & L:n. Pref., 14 Tans lon & N. Wester,, , 1021 1 3 D. New Qrs., 3 2-16 d Dm 401. sh. (L. ad 31. p Do. Die 11)„, per Do. Leeds &w, 331 Le. pi Tart. Helves (late W. I'. od 0. Do. La shares, 16Z_ idl Mand, I" Do. Hal l ves% 141 1 d North Western. it NNW& Central, 21 a .a Dover, No. 4,f Mod., Rotherham, sad God* (& Div.), 51 )Cuxig. Caledonian Pref.. 3138. 3d. lane. & Torts. Fifths, >I d klland, 73 Do. Halms, 14' 14 d c.atacitian rrer., s g a Lae. & York. (W.N.U.), 6 7.16 d tae. sad N. W. Qn• (C), i P J. 1511, OROS= 18. N. Nalbrdabirs, 8 1 d S. C. Is Layer No. 4, 8 3-1 G £ Orrpss/i IS. The market was flat, but Midland Con. aim. & Darby, 3 H. Staffordshire, 71 Its. 9d. d ;or did dm& ditrevri. & Rlr. ((A). 71. Ida W. d Props. Unica, U. Pk. Id. d LEEDS SALES, Ocwossa IL There was rather more Wilms done at the Stock Ex &sage to-day than yesterday, without say material altera tion is the mega of shires. W. Northers, IR d Calalsnan Pref., 395. Do. (A), 335. 31335, el Leeds an Thinik, 13) PRODUCE.—MINcimo-uxe, lief-past Aro.—. The Sugar market has bees tolerably steady, but not active to-day. 1,000 bags Basest were offered in public sale, and sold, 41e. to 421. 6d., mad tollae white Benares. Refined dull; grocery lumps, 48s. to 61s. ; standard, seller at 50s.— Coffee : Thesmall public males went off without any alteration in price,. Native good ordinary Ceylm sold, 275. to 275. 641.; Brasil, 24s to 25. Cocoa: Guayaquil bought in 30s. ; Bahia abo bought in 30a.—Riee : The public sale of 2 500 bags ma withdraws, at high prices, the article, however, remains dull.—lndigo: No sale to-day, in consequenca of a Hebrew holiday.—Cetton : 'fits public sales were bought in by the insportms.—Tes ; The sale concluded to-day wi th out altering the neat made yestaday.—la other amides oo material altarthou. TALLOW.—TaIIow very firm. Petersburg Y. C. ea the slot. 45e. 3d. ; October to December delivery, 445. 94.; separate swaths delivery, 455, ed. CORN.—BARNBLET, Oct. 18.—We had a good at tendance of tauten at this Turk*, sad a large quantity of Wheat and Barley was shows. Wheat sold at from 64. to to. per 3 bushels balow the rams of last week. - - - - - - - Snow, Oct. 17.—We have strain been but 'moderately supplied with Wheat in our market to-day, which is enerally in bad condition. The few Hue dry maples offerini ß = worth hilly se much looney ; *thus, Is. to 2a. lower. and Oats both the turn cheaper. Wheat, red, 45a. to 61s. ; white, 63'. • old, rid, 60s. to 635. ; whit*, 565. Oats, 16.. to 21.. Boc a, 38a. to 40s. Cnrcnatnin, Oct. 18.—There WU a short amply of all diecriptioa of grain at market to-day, the bat samples of Wheat and Barley met with a slow sale at about the mites of hat market-day, but the inferior samples were obtainable on rather lower tams. Beans, Pans, and Oats were owe is. pr qr. cheaper. Old Wheat, 665. to 60a. ,• new, 465. to 645. Barley, Ws. to 365. Oats, 28s. to 245. Bank 38s. to 40a. Peas, 38s. to 40s. Flour, 40s. per sack. - - • • - HALISSWOIIII, Oct. 16.—Vie bad a fair show of Wheat, and a tolerable amount of business was done in samples, at a decline of le. per qr. ; other qualities negleftd. Bat buyers make their appearance, and this grain morn freely. Pau sad Beam flat. neat, 40s. to 60s. Barley, We. to 33a BMW sad Pau, 30e. to ale. sattravn•a Hawn, Oct. 18.—A Has supply of Wheat at market to-day ; old mid deathly, at last week's prices; new, Is. to 21. per qr. cheaper. Bailey In good demand. New Oats, ed. to Is. per qr. lower. Beans sad Pcu study. THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 19, 1843. =be as nett.(mostable tad a sergsmat. Wee not ez. rpm die Forbes Wird (Mr. O'Hara's), though is tam Dad net read is as report with Daalesvie. Be wee errs chest them be was. Jelin DmiVag, • page misistable, dogwood to t h e 'abatises of epseelies delivered by Mr. O'Brisia, Mr. Meagher, sad Mr. Dam, at the tows of Gravamens, en Sanday, Bled of July last. The language anew to have bees mod was UN aim as the lamer deposed to what lest essalmed. Constable Rabat ll'Mahot maialaeL—Wes steamed at Call in, on Mosley, the 23rd of Jo y . Idecti6.d rt. pri ma as having hes se Callen en Mosday, the 24* July, with Mr. O'Bries sod Mr. !Mon. Mr. O'Brien said : My Meads, potitemea, said mikes, —I eagle& is eseetyos bars. I am pruud to meet mob • reseptioss at so short • notice. It shows me yes an reedy ; organise younger lento clubs, Ise the time is et band when pis shell have to prove that ye pas. **spirit of imam ;I bare boss informed that lb. flab -is Capes Ast vas bees do not 1 so my self to mode the Int vials. sad do not haw t h e moment they will arrest me. I travelled from Dahlia to Weiterd, Isnleeschy. end Bay, sod pet dogmatics to them, which I now put as yes so liikase•—" It 1 were arrested would you let sae go ?" they**. met west the police with 'Mad ams, for :bey have mead Waste, and are all [Mauna& ; they are say dog their duty ands an linellab government, awl 04 3•1; se they are paid by thms, thee must do ; bat I am men they would b. bitter under an Irish government that 1110 , 4 Sallialt and 84ot:hose • be said nothing use that I recellrot. Immediately aim Mr. O'Brien, Mr. eleselmr, sad Mr. Vika left the town ow a oar. Crervezamined by Mr. Whiteside.-1 AM • saboonatable. I am coostastly in the habit of reporting speeches to me calla .. If I hear say language against the government I root it. I never drew op a sp., far • newspaper. My inforenitims was made is the sa sob of Septembsr, mad was drawn up by Mr. DAMP, to Mr. liesamis's dice; 1 stood am ingot the crowd opposite is - . here Mr. O'Bries was spealiiek I made no notes at the time. The (\bat thus (sea o'clock) adjourned till to-morrow (this) at hall-past nine o'clock. Durev's Inraaueu lSrctrs.—lt h said maws those to whom the whole alLir w.s CJAded, and who was to hare ivied in the escape, wee a policeman. Wreathe this man, while appearing to a.d is tie arnagementi, was making the authorities fay aware of them els,. They knew every step which was beine taken, and came in to pre vest the atm:a d just at the m niacin when circumstances andtinic pro that it would he madv. It is rumoured that aim. further arrests will take place in connexion with this strew. THE FINANCIAL REFORM ASSOCIATION. ISSTIS Vast.—PART The Financial Rehm Asexiatios have drawn up, Ism path imentary destianteues, doted:swine account of the =.l the principal OMMeat ram: Treasury : 50,748(.; messenger., 3,5551.; coatingeoeies, 3.300 1 .; x tired allowances (estimates). 7,8741. ; ditto (Coo sa. Fund I, 9,9501. lioustsefiloo Salaries, 21,00:1, eon' aliewan , 4,4251. ; messengers, 1,8251; ailea•clerk, Ike., 720 retired ielowances (estimates), 3,3041. Met., (Coro!. fund), 1.0001. Foreign.eihee : Salaries, 26,8481 ; messenger .33,8061.; ; conti.lencter, 7,9931; retired allow. asses (estimates), 60581. Colonial Ain Ifilerjr, 20.4081, ; cientinkm le 4,5621. Retired allowsuoes (estimates), 7,6181.; ditto (C •ssol. Fund). 3,0001 Privy council : Salaries, 30,2101; °antinomies. 6 7671. ; Wired allowances (esei. mates). 6)51. ; total, 253,95.34. It is not memory to give the details of each office, bat the freociatian will show the sepa rate salari sot the Treasury, as it is the first on the lot, sad it aid serve as an lain to the saving which might be efecitsd In the public offices, if, in each ease, the emolument were faitl_ penal tioned to the work. It Is scarcely needs. miry to ea ; that the salary attached to any ofllw should, of sourer, b• the beetle nuns at which efficient men can be ob tained to perform the duties of that office, Ice no other rule ass he se.ndtel with justice to the nation. The is:lowing ars the annual salaries of the Treasury department First Lord of the Treasury, 50001.; Chancellor eine Bx leaguer, 3,00.11. ; four inniur lento, at 1,2001. each, 4,8001. ; two secretaries, at 2.3101. 'ash, 60001. ; assistant aseretars , 2,5001. ; anditw, 1,2001. ; priacipal clerk. 1,2001; essietant clerk, 1,2001. ; law clerk. 1,0001.; five chief clerks, 1,2001., 1,1501, 1,0091 , 1000/. 5,7001; six senior eisehti beam 001. to 800!. each, 4,1001 thirteen sonnet dabs, home 3001. to 530/ each, 8,61 01.; Mimeo junior Auk, k.ini 901. to 2001. each, 1,9301.; seventeen other alert; fr set 1501. to 7001. each, 4,5051. ; five extra clerks, 720 : 4 50,7481. It will be seen that than are seventy-two persons employed L the kr eighteen of whams receive Wain of between 1,0001. asant 6, . • year each. The nation which is tend to support • tenor officials so numerous and well paid as this, may reasonably expect that the duties of the treasury deparunret am mot neglected, even if a doubt did not arise, whither theme entice might not be performed at a less cat. The vise and purpose of the Wawa cs•office is to supervise and canted the trip...adieu's of the other deputmeuta, and the present position of our national finances (a deficit of about two zillion, in spite of a nett income of fifty two nfifiene—the expenditure, exclusive of interest on the dint, hale as much again in 1848 as it was la 1035) shore hew Os work at the treasury has beta per formed. If the duties of the treasury odic, rs are examined en mans ad, it will be found that in this, as is most of the resoluta offices, the work and the wages have been shared yen d &rent provrtions. The duties of the junior Inds, for instance, are extremely light. They occasionally 'timid the board, and they sign the treasury warrants. COll. aiming the latter branch of their labours, the following evidence -us given by Sir E. Trevilyan before the Con mien ea Mbeglisnemis Expeaditure Are three dentures aseeseary tor every warrant ? Yes. • le it tor the three parties to bit present at the beard ? No; it ie a separate proceeding altogether. " One maybe Is Scotland, mother in Ireland , another in Ed ? Yes, ft is merely • legal form. " Is it sot necessary that they noun have heard the rea gens for the par killer werrert, in order that they &could alga it ? No ; it is • serene transaction altogether. Three Octens are remarry to give validity to the document." MSG wings, whoa speaking of the first division of tremor" clubs, said—" Then cannot be a doebt that this panne of the Treeeney establishmest is overpaid as eon pared with the sates rf the hence's, don by them. The icier is prinelpny of • mechanics!, kind, web so espying the miaow., later, and warrants, which would nom pro perly be dna by the elms of tiara clerks who ars trained is this blade( week, and to whom a much lower rate of rasa narstim affords • Nazism motive for exertion. I conceive k to be a Sweat was . • of public money that gentlemen Ain Irate 3001. to 1,0001. • year are employed on what could he done squally well, add, if &indium, better, by persons news blames it b, an a math lower rate of salary." " With reward to all the chiof decks, thou gentlemen receiving 1,0001. a year, a greet portion of their time le employed is sage* mining ? Yes ; it is a great anomaly." Biz C. Tre vino, ha aeseism part of his evidence, gives the following nmesligat defintion of the twice*. of the Trearery. viz : Te Inn the peennisry interests of the pebbe." The Um% or the Treasury, however, ar.ar from their ended to saterwe • very different theory of this defies of their elks. It k a. necemary to examine the expenses of the other slime in hut it testy be mend ,nru that the secooten of Mate fur the Hems Department, when aucationd Omit the ditties Ind salaries of the parties employed in his tam, set's: " With regard to the a:ira agents, I coulees I have meter bee able to discover the atu of them," nevertheless, be does not appear to have taken any measures for Me ab..li.im of the dines whose usclennen be so egiadirtly aeknowlerteres. In the Foreign-office, the libraries manes 0001. • year, and the enb-librarian 5401, the dines of the latter tang " to see that the brine have blue properly bland, registered, and in. dined ;" and yet there is a proof in the sow °Mee, that the services of men aigrette learning, an very superior qualifica tion.., can ne obtained for a Mich hue sus. The treaslator, who is rtquired to know almost ell the foreign leusges of Earops, sad who understate many of the Eastern beguarea, tee, and is constantly eery hard worked, receives a calriry of Mt. a year. The system of omapesia. Yea ►r trees married, in this ttfixt, to • mug Mend I snot ; the sodomise:curio and clerks obtaising a sow =Dmammies beseste plumate of diamond snot a% is lager received upon the ratification' of treaties. Is short, the amount of saving opts the charge' of the public ell.ee, which would accrue to ths nation if the govern ment would hsaestly make arduous ollonepte to economise, bine& I of endesveteriog to defend shags by plausible WA WA!, can scare* be over-setimated. STATE OF TILE WIND AND WEATHER. (By WNW* iblegmb.) Paoli ihmor To Nuts o'CLooz /NW WORNIXO, As rebid asd web' at We wukirmwdawai Jul. ewe gs Wiwi : Lcs . . .W.N.W. Vine limb' --IL Woe linabarbaga..N.W...Plee talurprol LI. by B. Vary cold Inagua „JIM. -lbw lawrwaser ...5.11.11 . away °wirer We —N.% ..Cairl. lbw Warbaargs..2l.l7 T-Vlas Cbelaward -N. V &Xl= Nargirra' .5 Mr Newaastia.....N.R. Uwataled Oreterlord -Mg. Cuba awl lbas Newmarbst Aassv Voiriewer .. N.W.. .rian = . 4. N. .-lbra Norwich ....N.N.I Wm . N.W.....ggsalgy Nowingbisi ...N...- rws test Dach as it.s....asedi Peterbarsagbß.W Plow aturtrart .......11....hcat Pools AM. Woo Wy MA ....Pl.o. gal Portman&►k ... R.L.itaa 04211101& N.N.....tlaweisi Rugby X Post Olargow W Vary aid gyrtubley ....- N.'......Was I:3!ftemer ...1 1 1.W...Taa boutlumptca.B.W.... Pim Ourpqrt. .5.1. .. Ilwe Trim ..... -...N.W.... Ma Nertined N.W. -.Mr Bolylwed R.N.ll....hair pie Worked N.ll.ll...Qaady Hal .... ..... N.R. ...lbarmy 11=0....11.1- _Ma* Ipeurlab. NM -.Plus XL . .oii Leeds W. Mr WaWarke.. /1 Mr Lohman 111. W. Mee Yamaha W.V.- Ida MO A hat Tart. ME....Very faa Dow, OW. IR LIS am, whirl N.E.; rib,. Drkari. OR. Ig. g pm. 'dad 11.6; sold, Wrastaabry mow. SHIPPING. 2 ; Waterford, 1; Dollaaba* dos, 1. LONDON, Oet. 19. —Wind this day at noon, N.N.W., wilderate breeze, and fine. LOCHIIADOT. N. UIST. Oct. 13.—T30 Speculator, or Pictou, from Marie to Dahlia, has put in hen leaky, sad with keg very mach injured, having struck on a minim rook, in paeUe through Pentland Frith, but, r the wrap r Is moderato, oho can proceed on bar DIAL, On. Ig.—N.N.B. to N. 8., strong.TDrnd from 60 tier and sailed : May, Constantinople. FkLYOI7T2I, 0.1. Folk, Long- Need. . On —• FALMOUTH, Oct. 17.—Actived : blaacitaatar, Callao mg Cork. Livaarool., Oct. 16.—N.N.E.—Sailad, lath • Tigris, ; Now Orlaaaa ; lltexprat Harziaatott, sad Picasso?, Virgisis • Ilakora, New York. The Mary fa, of Dumfries: for thb part, is apound co Westrarr evannaktan, Oct. 10.—n. Markt, of Path, from Port ray, drove behiod the Boothia"? INS THE 17th insure, P ond has bseemo a wreak; MEW, raaterlalar and Pin Of TEIP saved. Yuan urea. Oct. 18.— TM Ana and Elistbrtb, which go WINN as Ow Booth &Toby &ad yesterday. drifted off dur. lag the sight, oa bar _broadside, sad has since bent elan dosed; mw saved. linawics, Oct. 17.—A vessel, painted black, and dis gusted, with bewsdrit sad jib-bonnt standing, wu teen as instant, about 60 auks N.W. of the Tear', by the Margaret. LITTLEJOHN, Oct. 18.—The Cottiaglsant, of and from Shields to Landon, proves to be Os ?awl reported your' day as hallos berm as shout aa the Shipwash Saud ; she after wardauf, and sank today ; crew saved. NIWPOILT, Oct. : Sally,Bierra Noord, St. Paulo de Lauda. _ _ _ . Listani4 a, Oct. 17.—Attived John Nanny, New Yotk ; Limwoln, Data,. Orr PLY norm', Oct. U.—Arrived : lady Fitahozbat, Hudson's lay. Pirmov ni t Oat. 18.—E.N.E.—Arrival Kitty iana, Natindam. Twos, Oct. 16.-Baiad : Francis, Diagram. DISCOVERY OF PIKEi.—A few days ago, an soma weeknim in the employ of Mr. Guest, the brewer, were re moving some rabbis. , consisting principally of old bricks, from a croft In Leigh , they found an oh piece of cloth, con taining two pike heads and a dagger or stiletto. The latter instrument is of wean, mask uction, consisting of a handle about 101 inches long, with a boss blob about inches in length, of peculiar shape, presenting four sharp edger, and calculated to inflict a daugerous wound. The blade can be dropped in its socket, and secured there by means of a small iron pia or socket, and, who nzeded, the blade can be dropped down the socket, the little pin being used for the purpose of enuring it in its place. The other two pike heads are of the common description, one being ready for screwing, and the other for riveting into the poles or shafts. The whole, front their fresh appearance, cannot have long remained is ntir tiding place. Tun Bint.tt MONOPOLT.—The extensive establishment in Blair-street, Mdiaburgb, which, under the firm of " Sir David Hunter Blair and J. Bruce, printer, to the King's moat excellent Majesty," enjoyed for such a length of time the monopoly of printing the bibles sold throughout Scot land, as well as the various ficaatiah acts of parliament snd other public documents, has been finally broken up and dig. permed. Funivrly, when the concern was most flourishing, about 100 prisons were employed within the of but for nearly two PUB there has been no printing done, two or three persons only being in attendance for the purpose of executing orders and gradually reducing stock ; and on Monday and Tuesday last, the mate:isle, stock of bibles, stenotype plates. &c were brought under the hammer of Mr. Peter Prow, and " sold without reserve to the highest bidders." Wheat, white, old, 1,11. to 161.; sew. 111. to 131. ; old, red, 141. to la ihe ; Dew, red, la to 124 Barley, 36. to 3 39. OaU, 18s. to 249. Boom, 329. to 38 9 . Pus, 40s. to 4214 NEWASIC, Oct. 18.—Wo bad a full attendants of buyers and melbas at this day's minket, and the supply of grain on a liberal seal*, hat a certain proportion out of condition. Pine Why at supported last week's prime; seetod and damp qua liti le. to 2s. per qr. cheaper. Seed Wheat in demand, and 60a. was obtauted for whits, and 66. to 67e for red. Malting Barley, of the Oast quality, no cheaper; second qualities, out of condition, ls. per qr. lower . B t ens and Pees without variation. Breaking Pc.s inquired after; and Winter Tana in demand. - - NEWCASTLE, Oct. 17.-The weather still continues broken and uhseuled, with frequent fella of rain and hail. The outstanding Corn has now received such injury as no further weather can remedy, whilst Potatoes are daily becoming worse. At our market this morniog wa had a large supply of Wheat from the growers, and, although its condition was indifferent, sales were steadily effected at fully Saturday's . rates, and the same remarks will apply to coasting sorts, of which there is Mee offering ; but foreign being more press. ingly offend, to make progress it was necessary to submit to a; reduction of 14. per qr , choke Pomeranian red being only snleable at 53e. per qr. in quantity, end Danish 625. to 635. weighing 631 be. per bushel. Fur Flour , we experienced a 11 ; 1 fi2auir74 and the turn, if one, was in favour of the buyer. We call Norfolk houebolds 395. to 404 , and whites, 41s. to 425. per sock respectively. Rye in little favour, and the turn cheaper. Chums malting Berle y tally as dear, as are also the best distilling end grinding descriptions; but other sorts are offered rather lower, withnut et.eiting atten tion. Malt without change. Beans and Peas rather inure inquired for. Oats are beginning to excite a more general inquiry, from an impression that good sheet old Corn must of necessity improve in value as the winter eppioachea, from the feet of a considerable portion of the new crop thing much damaged. Hanoverian qualiti.e, weighing 393i4. per bushel,: are freely tsk , n at 21s. Nock brews, 21s. to 244., weighing 421 be. to 4316 e , and select Snitch, weighing 28s. to 295. per qr. respectively. lloarruitn, Oct. 18.-Our market war well supplied with Wheat, which sold about the saute as last week ; but little of any ether kind of grain at market. Wheat, 40a. to 1.6 e. Barley. 30s. to 3411. ; grinding, 264. to Ds. 0 its, 20s. to 27a. Beans, 28s. to 36v. Pea, 36e. to 40s. Dye, 28i. to 34.15. Tares, lla. to 12s. per bushel. DUBLIN, Oct. 17.-The supplies to our market th's day were but moderate. Oats were in demand, and 3d. per barrel higher. Grinding Barley was neglected, and 61. per barrel lower. In other things we make no change. The follawing was the currency for new train : Wheat, white. new, 26.. to 3014 red, 244. to Se. fal. per 280Ibe. Oats, 104. Gd. to 124. 3.1. per 19611,.. B e e. ley, 14s. to 18a. 641. per 2241 he. Beer, 12s. 6d. to Ilc per 2241 be. Rapeseed. 245. to 2"a. per 2411 b. haiku Corn, 31s. to Ms. per 4801111. Oatmeal, 12a. 641. to 13e. 6d. per en t. Flour, seconds, 17a. to 18s. Der cart. - • • Ila Least., Oot. 10.—Ws had • moderate supply of ursin at market this morning; pliers uoehanged sines Fridsy. Wheat, 9.. to I la. 4d. per 0w , .; Oats, Os. to 61. tl. ; Barley, Gs. 3.1. to 7s. 6d.; Oatmeal, IGs. 10d. to Ili. METALS.—OL %snow, Oct. 17.—The market is very flat; the price of pie Iran declined lad week, and may now be called 43•. for No. 1, and 425. G.r No. 3. %clime. Bare are ready, at el. 151 to Gl. ; nail rods, 61. 101., and hoop, 71. 13e., on usual terms. HOPS.—WORCESTER, Oct. 17.—Oar market Was again abundantly supplied with Hope on Saturday, but, the demand being quits adequ►te to meet it, • brisk trade was kept up the whole of the day, at an advance, upon the sest maples, of 2s. to 3.. p•e cwt.. The second clue were also • shade dearer; but inferior qualities were not easily &posed even at • reduction of U. to 21. from the prices of the pre vious week. There wee • steady though not a brisk demand for 1816'e, at former ran. Present prices : —Fine new Hop., 52.. to 63.. per cwt, ; middl ng and low, 30s. to 41.. ; 1846'5, 355. to 455. Duty, 16.0001. The number of pnekrts of Hops weighed during the week: New, 2,081; old, 19. Saturday: New, 1,660; old, 29. 7ioudaeck.—Mesirs.Cooper and Davis report the following quotations: Prime Ilandow 401 , . to 714 I Kelm,— 41, to 64., atesor.. !M. be 306. later*/ .6W . to g,. Olmr. to Nir.l CATTLF, &c.—E'rus. Oct. 18.—The market bore all the eppeareacs of a well furnished fair, more espe cially with Sheep, of which there were many prime lots business, however, was very dull; indeed in store Cattle al store Sheep it was difficult to etfeet sales at all. The entire market had a decidedly downward tendency, and a very large amount wu turned out unsold. There were a number of fat Bullocks, and though for a few picked snit, s rather better prices were obtained than last week, on the whole rates were decidedly lower, consequently quotations ate re. duped to from 41 , 1.6 d. tools. 6 I. per cwt , or U. toll.. per store. Butehen' Calves sold from 51d. to old. per ih., the quota tion being from about bpi to Old. per lb. The quotations for f►tBbsep mast be stated at from Sd. to Gld. pm. lb. - - Mogrotin, Oct. 18.—We had but a ►hort supply of fat and lean stock at to day's market, which sold at rather better prices than last week. Beef, 3a. 6d. to 4s. 41. Mutton, 3.. Bd. to 4s. 9d. Lamb, 4s. to 4s. Sil. Vcal, ls. to 41. 61. Pork, 3s. Bd. to 41. Bd. Oct. 18.—Trade cheerful; prices firm. Wel made from 2s. 2d. to 4s. 21. Mutton, 3.. BJ. to 5.. 2d. Veal, 3e. 6d. to 4.. Bd. Perk, 31. 4d. to 4s. Bd. per stone of Bibs., sinking the offal. For Yesterday's nearkeb see last page. VW .Woo* MAUI. Ito 'Tartan/ melie for Orme* the Inaba lona* Egypt, Ada, Oinks. Indio. Nassaung, and China, Ma South:map ..itu be mere an the aseening of the 20th net. mails for lYlr North America, and the United Ender, will be made up oaths welds* of the 20:h Oct. Ita overland eloped mita, vie Marseille% to the Mediterrasean, Copt, Aden, Ceylon, bells, llong-limig, Om, will be nude up on the of the 24th Oet. T errata( he main it Vlgin Oporto, Lire" Madera, Cadiz, and Gibraltar will be Mode spas the wiernuor of the *lt th Oes. The malls*, Maw South Wake, Von Diamanb Land, awl New brewed will he Mob 1p or the wetting of the Met Oct The mails kr the Weal Mast of After and Kaiak& will be wide ap an the swelag3lst Oct. TM Wirt ladle Kalb, including Bermuda, Menu, Meninx, Rondonia, New Orteaum, and Mexico, and excluding thyme for Madeira, $l. Juan-de-N lawmen', New Granada, Chili, sod l'cru, will be made up as th e morning of the :hid Nov. Tb. nails for Madeira, the Brazos, and Buenos Arne, will be made up on the erelong of the 4th Nov. WIGS wills Ai LOPDON 111111101. fiW if Ma.Mn f rnli. east 7, ibi.ionatiw—limies& WI =is paw LONDON, TIIURSDAI', OCT. 19. Merreanicn and his print reckoned without their host. They already gloated on the prospect of Vienna crumbling under " the heavy fire of AVERSPERG'S batteries," and its German population expiring under the bayonets of the Croats. Aunts reato's position, they said, was inexpugnable, and not a shadow of a Hungarian was marching to menace JELLACIIICH or succour Vienna. Things have, however, turned oat the reverse of these assurances. The gallant Kossurn has lost no I time. Letters from Path, the substance of which was published in a second edition of the Er press last evening, acquaint us that in the last engagement 4,500 Croats were taken prisoners, with 37 Austrian officers, and three generals ; amongst them General BOLL. Thus victors, the Hungarians marched in pursuit of JELLACIIICII, who employed the tone of menace merely to hide the embarrass ment of a fugitive. In fact, after having taken counsel together, JELLA CHICH and AUEESPERG to beat a simultaneous retreat. JELLACHICII tli a arl with precipitate haste homewards towards Agram, and had already reached Neustadt. And AUERSPERO, evacuating the palmed Eugene, from which, in the imagination of the Times, he was already bombarding Vienna, withdrew his Sclavonian regiments. Nothing could be more humble than Ausasezao's communications to the Assembly in Vienna. He took merit for not join ing JELLACHICH, and professed his intention of re tiring to Enzendorf, north of the Danube, tacitly asking permission of the Viennese to allow him to cross the river. These movements of the imperial generals abandon to the Viennese, and to the Hunga rians, the entire southern bank of the Danube. A storm is however gathering in Moravia. Thither the Emperor or those who guide him, have summoned WINDISCHGEATZ, and there he will collect the regi ments of Sclavonian origin for an onslaught upon Vienna. AIIERSPERG'S removal to the north of the Danube is for the purpose of joining them. All this indicates a raising the Sclavonian flag against that of the German and Hungarian. In short, it is the com mencement of a civil war, which does not weer the appearance of being, as was supposed, prematurely quenched in the destruction of Vienna. Disgusted as we felt and feel with the treachery of the Viennese court, with the Machiavelli° and cowardly policy which has sought the selfish ends of the dynasty by setting races at variance and inciting them to mutual massacre, whild giving smiling promises of confidence and support to both, we still are by no means prepared to answer for the wisdom of the chiefs of the Viennese inns , Faction. For their character and views we refer to the luminous letter of our Frankfort correspondent. This shows how the wildest parties and persona are endeafouring to turn the successful in surrection to their advantage. But the folly and the errors of an unfortunate people, cheated and abandoned by a perfidious and cowardly court, are to be charged rath er t o its treachery than to their wilfulness. Much may be hoped from the brave efforts of the German liberals to defend their city and liberties against a bar barous horde. German and Magyar represent the intellect, industry, and civilisation of the country against Sclavonian bigotry and military rule; and sincerely do we hope that, notwithstanding the pre ponderance of troops, cannon, and geueralship against them, the former may not succumb. AN opinion seems to be gaining ground in various quarters that the government is engaged in concocting, and is likely to propose to parliament at the earliest opportunity, sonic scheme of endowment of the Irish Roman catholic clergy. We know not whet other ground there may be for the notion, beyond the singular fact, sufficiently telling no doubt iu itself, of the conttmporaneous ad vocacy of such a measure, u the first step towards the improvement of lieland, by the two great trimestral organs of the whig and tory parties, the Quarterly ar.d Edishn oh Bedews, and the known and long .4eice avowed opinions ol the leaders of both parties in favour of the scheme. Everybody admits, however, that something must he done for the conciliation of Ireland; and, in the absence of other dcflnite propositions, this is by . many people, it seems, expected to bo the next move in that direction of the wing ministry. In this antic'palion • stir is naturally making among those parties whom such a proposal would most deeply interest. And we are nut surprised, in consequence, to find the Anti-Church-and-State Asso c'ation, the Leeds Mercury, the Pat, lot, and other in fluential organs of dissent, beginning to combine and marshal their means of resistance to a propcsal so na turally abhorrent to their principles; while the Rev. Mr. Me NEIL begs, on the part of Exeter Hall, to re fute the nnaccout,table and incredible statement which had been risked on the Nth of some loose news-room conversation with him, that he is at all inclined to compromise or mitigate his fierce and wernal opposi tion to an unhallowed "state alliance with Jezebel." - On the ether side the Channel, the report has in like manner given occasion to a vtill more important and formal protest from the entire body of Roman ca tholic prelates at their recent annual meeting, in which thr y deprecate the idea of any such state provision, and indicate a determination to refuge it, if offered. For our own parts we cannot but consider these anticipations and suspicions to be without real founda tion. We cannot believe the members of her Ma jesty's government, whatever may be their individual opinions on the abstract policy of a state endowment of the priesthood of the great majority of the Irish people, to be so blind to the enormous objections to its proposal at the present moment. In the first place, who asks for it ? Not the catho lic, themselves. They, on the contrary, repudiate it; nay, look upon it as an offensive and insulting offer to buy up those who are now emphatically the priests of the people, and convert them into government agents, epics, and tools. This is in fact the only huht in which the advocates of the proposal themselves put it forward. They do not condescend even to throw the flimsiest veil of decency over the object they have in view. The Quarterly Reviewer, throughout the entire article on the subject, argue , ' openly that the catholic priests are the great fomenters of mischievous agitation in Ireland • and, there/ore, there can be no end to agitation unti l they are made the stipendiaries of the state. Lord STANLEY, in the debate mooted last session be Lord ELLENBOROUGII on this subject, declared, with his characteristic bluntness, tLat if he assented to such a proposal it must be accompanied with rigid conditions, and he should look upon it simply en the lifeet of a measure of Police. In plain words, the avowed object is to take the priests into the pay of the Castle as a " detective force," who are to be expected to earn their eatery by communicating all information likely to be %Fetel or desirable at head quarters, which they may obtain at the coufessional,or otherwise. Now does any sane man &Here that such a mea sure, so recommended by its ?my advocates, would, even if it could be carried to-morrow without difficulty (and a word upon that presently) answer its intended purpose? If it were possible for the secular clergy of Ireland so to sell themselves to the government, toe only effect would be to transfer all the influence which they now exorcise over their flocks (and which alone would make them worth purchasing) to the regulars. The catholic people, in their present temper, at all ev4 no, would unanimously spurn and desert the priesthood who could be found to an ept the bribe so impudently offered to them as the price of their deeper. lion of the people; and the lay brethren of all orders would quietly step into their places in the affections and reverence of the multitude. We should have bought a worthless bargain alter all. If the people are in the hands of bad guides at present (which is far from being our opinion, but is the assumption upon which the proposed scheme is based), we should only throw them into those of worse advisers for the future. But, in truth, it would be impossille to carry such a measure. Look at it first in a tinaccial light. Where are the funds to come from—the three quarters of a million per annum, which it is to cost, according to the moderate calculation of ore of its advocates ? We take it for grant, d that no one is insane enough to suppose that JOHN BULL will allow this item to be added to the Maynuoth grant from the consolidated fund. But it has been hinted that it may be taken from purely Irish sources—an Isiah property-tax, for example. In the first place, how ever, Joux But w;11 have a word to say upon that, since he is inclined to think that an Irish property tax is due in the first instance to tiro consolidated fund. lint suppose it possible to raise it from purely local sources of taxation, in addition to toe ordinary income-tax, the poor-rate, and the county ceases, which alrendy are found so difficult of collection, does anybody imagine that the Irish landlords (upon whom it must fall, land being almost the only source of income in Ireland) will be contented 1-ng to pay that and us' , tithe too, to support two establishments at their cost? Those who put Lr ward this proposal as one for the preservation of the Irish church— which we perceive is a current argument in its favour with the tories—are strangely short-sighted if they do not foresee that when the protestant land-' lords of Ireland are called oa to keep up a catholic establishment, as well as the existing protestant one, they will open their eyes very speedily to the notion that the endowment already enjoyed by the latter is really enough for both. But, in fact, it would not come to this. For, beyond the small knot of official men of all parties who now have, or have had, or expect to have, im posed on them the difficult task of governing Ireland, and who look upon this es a mighty astute and 111achiavelian plan for getting through that difficulty awl keeping matters in other respects as they are, there is, we firmly believe, no party or body of people in the country who demands or would approve of it. On the contrary, we believe that the great bulk of the people of the there kingdoms would show themselves decidedly, and a large proportion violently, hostile to the measure. We have not touched as yet on the opposition it is sure to meet with on religious grounds from some of the most powerful bodies in the state, who, however opposed upon other matters, would be united on this. The whole general question of endowments (now happily at rest for the moment) would have to be fought out with the dissenters of all denominations. The anti-popery cry, now equally dormuct, would be ' raised through England and Scotland with no little effect. The question of the Irish church property, and its appropriation, will have to be discussed and debated over again. The country will be agi tated from one end to the other by religious and NW When warfare. AU manures of a practical character must be postponed. Parties will be broken up still more hopelessly than at present—the whig pasty more than all; indeed, we believe no surer preens all suicide could be hit upon by the leaders of that party than the announcement of such a proposaL And all this for what ? For the purpose of insult ing the Roman catholic priesthood of Ireland with the offer of taking them into the pay of the gib SS political mercenaries, upon the express bargain and condition that they shall hereafter side with the go vernment of the day on all occasions against the people ; no longer make themselves the medium of their complaints or remonstrances against grievances' however in' olerable, or oppression however cruel; preach passive obedience to the powers that be; and expose themselves at all events to the suspicion and the charge of being the hired spies and informers of a hostile government, instead of the trusted friends and revered pastors of an unhappy, because misgo verned, people. Why, if it were possible to make sack a bargain, we ask again, would it prove to be worth the lowest sum of money at which it could be concluded ? We trait and believe that the alum which is begin ning to be felt on this subject in many quarters is as groundless as we are sure the suggested scheme would be unwise, impolitic, and in the present state of af fairs destructive to any government that should be mad enough to propose it. The only parties who might possibly profit from the agitation of such a question, and some of whom we suspect urge it with that view, are those who wish to distract the attention of the public from the real eawes of Irish discontent and disloyalty, and from the real remtdie2 that are required for their removal. The Irish landlords wonid not objet to a tub being thrown oat to the whale, of a character likely to em ploy his undivided attention for several years to eizne, and allow them to escape that inquiry into that sys tem of management or rather misulantigement of their riroprietary rights, and that neglect of the correspond ing duties, which is at the bottom at once of Irish murry, Irish disaffection, and Irish agitation of every kind. AN important step has been taken towards the solution of the presidential question, which is now the all-absorbing topic with American politicians. Shortly after the party nominations in May and June last, elements of dissension made themselves apparent both in the whig acid democratic reukr, and led at length, in either case, to open disaff.ction and divi sion. A respectable minority of the whig party were extremely dissatisfied at their favourite candidate being act aside to make room for TAYLOR, who, whatever proof he might re. ently have given of his capacities u n soldier, han never mani fested any ability as a statesman. A lsrge section of the democrats were equally averse to the nomination of Cass, chiefly en the glued of his known predilec tion for slavery. Secession took place in both cases, but that amougst the democrats was most serious, a strong abolition party declaring that it would vote for VAN BuREN. This rendered the success of Cknerat CASs exceedingly daubtful, although, for a time, his chIIICEB wire improved by the attitude of his o:yunen., who only :...ely dofhd that reserve upon party ques tions, which, for n time, perplexed his friends, and compromised his position as a candidate. General TAYLOR totally misapprehended the feeling which prompted his nomination. Had it taken place iin mcdiately at ter his military saccersees in the Rio Grande, the prests:qe of his name might have secwed him the adheni in of the mess of both parties. But as time wore on, the popular ardour in his favour had time to cool, whilst the operations of Ge neral Scorr on a more important theatre dimmed to some extent the lustre of his achieve ments. The democratic party then learnt to regard him simply in the light of a whir candidate, and as such, of course, made up their minds to oppose him. Since his nomination, theitfcre, lie has been pertly a party candidate relying for success on a party vote. It was some time, however, ere he perceived this, consenting to stand, but professing his intention, if elected, of being no party president— profusions which might be patriotic, but which, under the circumstances, were, to say the least of them, im politic. They savoured too much of trimming. and were so indicative of party defeat that the section of the whigs who were dissatisfied from the first at his nomination, openly substituted the name of CLAY for that of Tavi.on as their candidate. Both parties bung thus divided, it was speedily seen that success was most likely to await that which would first reconcile its differences. To iffect a reconciliation in the whig ranks it was necessary that General TAYLOR should make the first move. The friends of Mr. CLAY would only support him as an avowedly party candidate. Ito had, therefore, presented to him the al•ernative of losing his election or of shifting his ground. He has prudently chosen the latter, and now appears be fore the electoral body in that distinctive party character, which, had he rightly appreciated his position, he would have assumed from the very first. General TAT tox having thus definitively given in his adhesion to the party, the friends of Mr. CLAY no longer hold out against him, that eminent man himself being the chief actor in the reconciliation which Lamed. This important step renders his success at the coming election almost a certainty. In addition to this. there are other considerations which bear upon the contest, and which tell favourably on the side of the whiz candidate. The events of the day and the perilous nature of the times, induce the more reflecting portion of the community to consider well the character of the man to whom they would entrust, for the next four years, the destinies of their country. Whatever change the responsibilities of actual power might effect in his conduct and disposi tion, the antecedents of General CAss have been such as to load them to believe that the tend.mcies of his policy would be unfavourable to the maintenance of peace ; and to a great commercial country like the United States, next in magnitude to the disasters attendant upon the contemplation of actual war are the evils which would arise from the anticipation of being kept constantly on the verge of it. The moral and political world is, at present, in too inflammable a state to enable the friends of peace, on either side of the Atlantic, to regard with indifference the occupation by a firebrand of the pre• sidential chair at Washicgton. Aud what gives us a peculiar interest in the matter is that the morbid an tipathies of the democratic candidate are almost ex clusively directed against out selves. As the passions of some animals are inflamed at the sight of any thing scarlet, so are his animosities excited at the name of England, or Engnshman. It is this unfortunate idiosyncracy that renders him peculiarly obnoxious to the more sober-minded of the American community, for, whatever turmoils may wise to disturb the relations and interrupt the com merce of the world, it is of the last importance to both that England and America should keep on terms of amity with each other. The dangers winch might at tend the elevation of General Cass to the presidency are not obvious to whigs alone, a large pro portion of the democratic party being equally sen sible of them. This will fortunately operate most un favourable upon his chances of success as a candidate, for not only will a large democratic vote be given for VAN BUReN, but many democrats, who have no par tiality for tho abolition nominee, will abstain from voting for CASS, that his election may b! defeated. On the other band, there are many whig abolitionists who will vote for TAYLOR instead of VAN BUREN, in order that TAYLOR'S election may be secured. Their sole object in voting for VAN BeaEN would be to make an abolition demonstration. Under existing circumstances, however, they wisely prefer the guaran tee of peace to any such demonstration. Their object, therefore, will be to keep CASS oat, which they can only secure by putting TAYLOR in. They will thus go far to atone for the grave error which they committed in 1814, when, by their ill-timed defection in New Yotk, the whig abolitionists secured the tri umph of Mr. POLK over his more worthy competitor. We may, therefore, regard the election of General TAYLOR as virtually a fait accompli, and what con cerns us now is to inquire how the event is likely to affect the interests of this country. It is not to be denied that, in a commercial point of view, our sympathies are with the party whose success would be indicated by , the election of General CASS. The triumph of General TAYLOR will, for a time, put in the ascendant those who are inimical to our commercial and industrial prosperity. But, taking into account all the circumstances of the case, this, at least for the present, is likely to lead to no material change in the commercial relations of the two countries. The whigs would disturb the tariff, if they could. Bat they have no longer the great agri cultural body either with them as formerly, or indif ferent to the subject. The settlement of 18461 was the conjoint work of the south and west, and the malts of that settlement have so completely falsified the prognostications of the whigs, that the west will be in no hurry to counten ance its disturbance. Every nerve was strained pre viously to its adoption, but in vain, to convince the farmers that whilst they would reap no advantage from it, its first result would be a largely deficient re venue; and both Mr. IVEnsrxx and NIL as spokesmen of the protectionists, went into elaborate calculations to show that tbe me naced deficiency would be nearly equal to one third of the revenue required to cover the differ ent branches of expenditure for the year. Neves were vaticinations proved to be more utterly groundless. Not only did the receipts during the first year of the operation of the new tariff consider ably exceed the estimates of its promoters, bat the agricultural body experienced so palpable an advaa go from it that it will require no little cajoliry to induce them now to abandon it. The timo is past, then, when a whiff triumph was nxessarily the pre lude to a high tanff. On this 'core, therefore, there would be no apprehension for the present. s ome little concession may he made to Pennsylvani a , i n connexion with coal and iron; but no change ie mediately practicable, which would not be shun. dantly compensated for by a continuance of the inestimable lidesaings of international amity. Thin consolatory view of the case supposes the whigs to ba in the undisputed ascendant. Such is the pre. sent temper of the public mind in regard to the tariff, that even had they the three branches of the trip. lature entirely in tittle own Land o , they would hesitate ere they attempted any essential mod,fication of the act of 1846. But the election or Tama will not give an undisputed ascendlincy to the whigs. For the first two years at least of his administration ho win here to can. front a democratic senate, P e majority in which will be sufficiently large to bait: any attempt wt ich might be made at fiscal reaction. The majority will be almost exclusively composed of the immediate I followers of Mr. UALIIOUN, who will thus hold in hie ee.vn hands the balance of power in the uNa. r branch of the legislature. The cause of peace and that of free tried:, could have no &Ater guarantee for their maintenance than this. With the s nate in ea c h hand., there is but little danger from the inflammable democracy on the ono hand, or from the prote.tionuit whigs on the other. We have nothing then to fear, but everything t o hope, from the election of Gen. Tavhou; and it is consoling to know Ili it when the e•A sits of a day may make our hands full nearer home, no disturbance need be apprehended in our relations, either political or commercial, with that great nation, which is at once the greatyst consumer of our fabrics, and the gr , nary from which, in times of scarcity, we may always reckon on making good our own deficient supplies. Tne amount of property directly influenced by the panic which has been raging for the last six weeks in the railway share market is largo Enough to be come a matter of public concern. Hitherto our re marks on maw- y questions have beets e:.itfly con fihed to those points of view in which tkat useful class of works are related to national interests ; and if we have often insisted on the jus . ie- due to their promoters, and have exposed the 'hallow policy of robbing them of their deservi d prate for the pre sumed benefit of the state, it has been because we have seen that the proce:s would not only be mkt riot's to a class of enterprise that has merited well of tho country, but must also, in the end, be far more detrimental to the nation then to the immediate sufferers. Nor need we de. rift from this ground in our survey of the present agitated condition of railway affairs. The owners of a property still possessing a money value of more than a million sterling are not the only parties affected by a ellange that has reduced its nominal worth to the extent of more than hilt - that sum. The derangement caused by such an immense depre ciation, and still more, perhaps, by the nearly un mat kemble state of the property, which accompanies and in part is caused by the decline, spreads over large circles beyt nd this particular centre, and in many other ways impedes the movements of busi ness; while from the discredit into which railway speculations have sunk, it rn ty be seen that a blow has fallen on the rational progress of the system, which will be apt to lame it for some time to come, in a manner that no well-wisher to the prosperity of this country can desire, however welcome it may be to the Times and its " correspondent.? _ In order to any rational judgment of the actual state of railway affairs, we must discriminate between the effects of substantial causes, and those produced by mere panic. These it is necessary to separate, whether the objets be to ascertain the real condition of the property at this moment, or to arrive at any useful means for its improvement hereafter. We shall not lay much stress on the operation of the latter class of agencies, nor on the reinEdii. a most apt to neutralise them. It is in the nature of such parox)sms to exhaust theneelves ; while us they are fed by blind alarms and a certain contagious frenzy that defies rational control, they are usually intract able to argument while the fit lasts. During the past month a decline in railway . values, which real causes had been gradually preparing for some time, has been turned into a galloping consumption by the influence of mere terror; which some unscrupu:ous and malicious parties, from various motives, have laboured to excite to the uttermost; while the Tones, true to its vocation of sworn foe to railway enterprise and property, has both:lent its columns to some of the most exaggerated attempts of this kind, and used them as a text on which to preach &crusade of its own against railway management. These attacks, although they make a good deal of noise for a while, are not very formidable, inasmuch as they cannot escape sudden detection and exposure on the first approach of plain matter of fact. We have already shown, in the single instance of the London and North Western, the gross errors visible on the very face of such re presentations as the Tintr 8 will patronise and com ment upon ; and wc are assured that documents now in preparation by the mar.agers of that company n ill make the exposure still more striking and complete. The propagation of mere error can only serve temporary aims ; and produce but a passing effect. Tits effect, indeed, is mischievous enough to thew. who are weak enough to yield to it, and may bo sufficient for the ends of speculation of a certain class ; but it will not fulfil the desires of those who seek the entire destruc tion of railway property ; nor will it greatly influence those who have any solid interest in knowing the truth concerning it. We may therefore turn away from the fomenters and from the operations of mere panic, which already would seem to have reached its extremcst point, and may therefore be expected to subside before long into the nothing from which it arose. This only may be observed before we proceed to the real causes which depress railway values. The outcry which has been heard in various quarters for " more information," for " authentic accounts," &c., was not merely got up for sinister purposes, but is little more than an utterance of the same inconsiderate alarm. In reality, no such necessity can be said to exist, with respect to the past transactions of any of our great companies. All who ore concerned in knowing how their money has been spent, and what they have yet to spend, will find no difficulty whatever in ascertain ing these particulars from the detailed accounts and reports already published. Nor is there any one, we apprehend, at all seriously interested in the matter, who entertains any doubt of the authentic character of the balance sheets drawa up on the directors' responsibility, and examined by auditors whom the proprietors themselves appoint. It is not here, we say, that the pith of the matter truly lies. We shall see where It most presses, after a review of the real causes which have affected the railway share market. _ These are traceable to two distinct sources: one arising amidst shareholders and subscribers them selves; the other springing from the acts of oar public men and of parliament. Tne brilliant success of the earlier lines, tilling upon a period when money and credit abounded, produced the excitement of 1813-3, and threw epen a door not only to rational enterprise but also to the maddest eagerness for idle schemes in all directions, and under whatever conditions. It was taken for granted that all lines would pay, and all contended for the right of making them. While this movement was going on—of course not resisted but highly encouraged by the professional and other persons to whom it admieiatered employment or other advantage—there was raised on the other hand amongst our public men the 'cry of " monopoly." It was not merely the obscure and extreme politicians that gave all the aid in their power to "competition," as a check to the fancied evil. The notable declara tion of Sir ROBERT PEEL himself in favour of " direct lines"—the favour shown by parliament to every attempt to rival those already established—fed the railway fever with its most dangerous fuel, at a time when sound foresight would have dictated a c-ioler policy. Thus it happened not only that more railway plans were started than were actually needed, but also, that many of those which parliament favoured were of au unprofitable class. The rage of competi tion, thus fermented, set the old companies on the alert to secure what they could for " pro tection" in the general scramble. Thus branches, extensions, guarantees, &c., were promoted by them, which, but for this scramble, would never, perhaps,—certainly not then,—have been entered upon. To these causes of confusion and expense was further added the rivalry created by the gauge dispute—which, as we have previously shown, has in every way damaged not only the pro spects but the profits of the railway system, and has in one important district produced an amount of wasteful strife and unnecessary projects, exceeding all the excess which has elsewhere taken place. This vle SF-iv T 7 7! 'd'ay • ;a/V.,' •, "V ;