The Express. — London, England, 1847-10-30 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 30, 1847. LISTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGLNEEII3. A gener a meeting of the member, of this instito— d_o re held et their room s Birmingham, on W e e ssis e v ow ing, Wane Stephenson, Esq., in the chair. /yriwVlD RAILWAY BRAILB.—The CHAIRMAN said test the tint subject for consideration referred to a plan fir improvement in the safety brake of railway ear hit . and a model of this having been placed upon the - table, pie. Stephenson proceeded to explain its prinopa of • , prentisuig with the observatios that nothing bat that w hi c h was simple mould be applied to railways; and espe cially in any plan which might be devised for checking sud- • eaely the momentum of a train, anything of a complicated e tale Auld not be mode useful. The object he had in •vww we, to produces power for stopping the momentum of t he whole of the carnage* in a train. and so prevent those in the rear mooing into the engine ; and to effect this he ex plained that he proposed that the buffer shou , d act upon a rod in connexion with the brake, for the reason that when Ike brake is put in gear, any preemie upon the buffer ins upon it. In the middle of the buffer rod he prepOSA to tin a spiral spring, the object being tollessen the commission and jar of admitting the brake too ' ably, sod so bring up the whole train easily. Having thus web explained his own plan, Mr. Stephenson west on to remark that a scheme for another brake to be applied to this bad been tent to bine butthat it was too complicated so he used on railways •, and that it would be impossible to keep it us repair. A third method had been devised by Mr. A. Knieet, mechanical engineer of Birmingham, which remota an arrangement by means of which no manual enema is required from the guard beyond what is necessary to move a clutch- hoz on its axes, the power required to put the brakes in action being su pp lied be the engine itself, enough the medium of the carriage wheels. Referring to this last pl in, be said that it was very ingenious, and that tritest he did not doubt the skill of the inventor, it was too compiicated to be made use of; as he had (he said) . often times declared before, an ingenious mind was sonata:an a dangerous thing in mechanics; there was a law which no man could slier—there must always be tho pound for the pound. .1 lengthened discus ion followed.—Mr. Heat Pilules (of Ketone and Co.'s, London), said that, in his opinion T, Stephenson invention was the most practical that had been brought out; but he doubted (he said) whether it wonld ever be possible to make the momentum of a train precticelly . utetul for the purpose of braking itself. One difficulty at the way was that they would have to go to every catnap to connect the brake, supposing they wanted to back a train into Feting. lie wished simply to record this opinion, that it might not go forth to the public that Mr. et/peen:mei plea was regarded by them RA unobjectionable. To this the President rejoined that tbe trouble snd delay ar m ing in consequence of the defect referred to, were nothing compared with the advantage which world result, that of wing home life ; and with reference to the cost of carry ag his plan into operation, he said that every carriage might be titted with the appliance for some five or ten penile.— Mr. CRAMPTON expensed an opinion that it weed be better if the ntians for checking the momentum of a train were applied to the two first carriages only. He thought the *rein would by that means be brought up teener than by spreading the stoppage power over the whole train. Mr. STEPHENSON said that that was the very thing he wanted to avoid. He was endeavouring to prevent the two first carriages getting the whole of the shock.—Mr. el‘Coeiteeee said he was quite convinced that had Mr. Stephenson's plan been in opera tion, it Mould have been effectual in preventing loss of life in the late accident at Wolverton ; that there would have been a suflicieut amount of .ledgin r in the train to have destroyed the erlect 01 the eoliision. Whereas, in the instance he had referred to, they bad not a sufficient amount of brakage equivalent to the matter in motion to destroy the momentum of the carriages in the rear of the train.—Mr, CRAMPTON suggested that if the brake was on the three or four carriages behind it would destroy that sufficiency of momentive action in the Stant cani gees to allow of Mr. Stephenson's scheme working.--Mr. M'CoNeeee and the PRESIDENT declared that this would not be the case; and Mr. SLATE, of Dudley, observed that Mr. Crampton's objection might be met by doing away with the last brake ,• but Mr. Heeenates and one or two other gentlemen declared against this, on the ground of its utility.—Mr. PEACOCK, of the Manchester and Leeds Railway (as we understood) raised some objections to Mr. Stephenson's plan, and ultimately declared that in his opinion it would only be really useful in the case of an engine running off the line ; and thereafter there was some discussion with reference to a plan which had been sub- ' mined at a former meeting of the institution (already noticed in this paper) by Mr. Cheashire, of Birmingham, for checking suddenly the momentum of a train by means of buffer•rods, or tubes, applied to the tender ; these tubes to be from four to six inches in diameter, and plugged with wood.—The PRESIDENT doubted whether these would stand . a collision ; but Air. HUMPHRIES mid that, in his opinion, it was worth while for any railway to try the plan ; and Mr. ' CHEASHIMII said, with ref . ..ranee to what had fence from Mr. Stephenson, that the objection he had raised was proof of the efficacy of his plan, because if the tubes were doubled up and the engine and tender smashed, the carriages would be saved.—The discussion on this question was then adjourned to another meeting ; the feeling manifested being, however, that Mr. Stephenson 's invention was the most practicable. COMMUNICATION PRTWEEN .. 01TARD8 AND ENOINZ- DRIVERS.—The PRESIDENT said that the next Pubject for discussion was on the practicability of effecting a mechanical communication between the guards and engine-drivers of railway trains; and he submitted the Wowing paper from himself: _ . _ es I premised to make rome elseirmilleno an the orsedeshiety of rAsttaE a mechanical ommateassenia linween the gem* and of lad*, trans, I *el new hp het* pea some ef the awls= abeam that have her sehmlnsd be meide IS what I esselArr See meet feasible eh* Yea wlll all have ehmrsed a pine. rein pin the mead of thewsspgmn, moped*, the see st a meildeg - Mho tem every * the pled *is - ahem, le Itched too ateemll Is elmmmill *en. Mrse l ekire vw: . snip my VW *pre* he the seaust et ser f lama Ides to Taisho garden as le le keteMilliet the tresnions meths of the eialeges met the anneageignasimmt teem wee* oftwearefty It list guppies* nth mkt lis ask thin midi aka* *id pain alermod at mime teless, elm wake is s=ill din imaimmatis. A*** gin hes Ism ; Sat le. Is Mee • I .sehlnw.dem en lush dee cd Wm =glee, • st mean Imp, **the whit stile *de som le seen lif the Meer es cue ids, end Om *sem es the *her r * that If any at the meeleges set off the roll h mety le deism& I ma he a ewe • *we Ole might be ot nee—theaseldomnathettemehriona andfderle In, for Menace. Niomen' ether gin* have keen sumpied Mae, lint they axe too ridicule*** sensed. I will, how** mintlen a* The i r* is to Ms oaths het areal .= , i(lnsessanythlmi Liman& rlI T K I TI:C=II lama thleteeidmil: ' I manes ethers at are mate ex stilt, but weighers* I M as in einedsmen me ex wee* I hale se Petit, rimliwill te taken est. My ors view of the Wpm thle—that two garde he ghee& an ea* train, ewe en the . deeds* seat the mein Meer; end the ether in the het lan*. . hat inn teeing .soh Wm* and beef* a Ng flea te boldegibedny and • red lamp hyidght,• ft wedng pee ems the slip* mid* thee heel* alien plomid es the inghteammew : Llrk=m=t flest gm* he emit alma ths driver by . Theffmg the leg *these Mae Ns entei• dreamer guard. This gam= esealieesd with tel We-weft lakes to, In my opinion, the • =Mindinest elk** he vanes, the safety of the travelling Inempimilion Mr. Sreettensorr said that Mr. M'Connell • hod a plea for opening a communication between the guards and opium -driver by means of a whistle instead of a bell, sod he Intimated that on the London and North Western Railway there had always been two guards to each train.— Mr. M'Cox NELL added thst since this subject had attracted so much of public attention, the London and North Western Company had boon anxious that some plan should be carried out on their lines ; and, in obedience to the instructions he had received, he was preparing to do se in the manner sug gested by Mr. Stephenson, substituting simply a whin* for the bell, the same to be called " the guards' whistle." This would be effected by means of levers, end the arrangement would be inch that it could neither be opened by the engine driver nor shut by the guard ; so that there would be no *- clue for the former ton,_ he bad not heard the whistle in case it were applied.—Kr. HRIDZMON, of the London Works, at Smethwick in Staffordshire, remarked that a plan to effect all that was required had been submitted to the Lm doa and North Western Company several yean ago, but that it was abandoned on the eve of its being carried out, in con sequence of some disagreement between the inventor (Mr. W. Pettit, formerlyof the Wolverton station) and Mr. Creed. The plan was by means of wire ropes and copper tubes suspended through the entire length °tenths carriages in the train *open the means of communication by whistle with the engine -driver. --Mr. M'CoN x ext. said that he believed the real difficulty in carrying out the plan referred to had arisen in conse quence of the number of carriages from different lines which ran into the London and North Western, and which rem dered the plan referred to rather impracticable. The dis cussion on this subject terminated with a declaration from Mr. Crampton that, if some good plan were hit upon, rail way companies ought to be compelled to take it up. A paper was afterwards read on a subject somewhat similar from a Mr. Allen, of London. It suggested a method for opening a communication from each carnage in a train to the guard and engine -driver, by setting going a whistle on the engine, either by making or breaking contact in a me tallic circuit pasting from end to end of the train. The bat tory is to be placed on the engine, behind a sand battery, and, therefore, one requiring vary little attention. The principle upon which the plan depends is that of soft iron hemming magnetic, wherever a current passes through it. The whistle would continue blowing until stopped by the erigine-driver himself, as the electricity merely serves to set free a spring fastened he it. The metal circuit to be com pleted by insulated wires gaming underneath or along th e tops of the arriages. In the course of the discussion which followed the reeding of this paper it came out that Mr. Robert Stephenson had pronounced it the best of the kind he had seen. STEAM-BOILER INDICATOR.—A paper on this subject was next sod. It adverted to an invention by a Mr. Smith, of Nottingham ; the efficacy of which Mr. Stephenson said he had already explained In a letter in the Daily New. It was particularly adapted, he said, for steam-boate ; and so Satisfied was he of its utility . that he had caused one to be put up at one of his own collieries. The subject was briefly - mimed ; but there was a general expression confirmatory of Mr. Stephenson's estimate of the excellence of the inven tion. FAN SLANT.— A very valuable paper c i supplementazi Was read by Mr. Buckle, of the Soho wor s ; it embodi much information, the result of careful retearch, experiment, and observation , and so valuable was it deemed, and so important the subject, that it was ordered to be printed. In a concluding passage of his paper Mr. Buckle ' makes the following observations :—" The application of the fan his hitherto been applied chiefly to smitheries and foun dries ; and in but few instances has it been applied to the smelting of iron ore. I am aware that differences of opinion exist as to the applicability . of the fan to that purpose ; the principal reason urged against it being the limited density to which blast can thereby be compressed, compared with the blast supplied by the cylinder ; it remains, however, yet to be preyed whether such high densities are absolutely necessary for the smelting of iron ore, whether we may not produce as good iron by a diffused soft blast as by the strong and generally applied concentrated blast. It may be consi domed presumptuous ia sae to doubt Imi-established mar line, but the old maxim, there is no way like the old way, is mot awry, toed on weenie( primeiplea'' Several tither interessiag papers were sued, sad others were adjourned over to the next meetieg. The president was warmly thanked for having taken the chair, and fur his patronage of the institution, which already numbers 120 mambos. POSTAL Cournunons WITH THE MANSE-TOWNS.— Yesterday conventions were concluded between Col. Haberly on behalf of the General Poet-office, and Mr. Colouhoun on 'behalf of the Free Hanseatic Republics of Lubeck, Bremen, and Hamburg, to the following purport :—Portages t on let ters to and from Hanseatic ports, tid. per half ounce (London and Hull being the official packet ports), optional payment. On bitten passing %brought Hanseatic territories to countries having postage reciprocity treatise with Great Britain, and oat letters delivered in Lubeck, Bremen, and Hamburg, for , places within their territories respectively, in addition to the sea postage., 2d. per half-ounce, and so on in progression. On newspaper, and periodical works passing as newspapers, from and to Great Britain, nil; if sent by private ships, half penny each, to be in bands open at the sides. On periodical works, not published daily, to be in the language of the re spective countries whence sent : up to 2 oz., Id. ; 3 os , 6d. ; 4 tn., Bd, ; above 8 oz. 2d. per os. up to 16 os. ; to be sent in bands open at the aides. On courses of exchange, prices cur rent, and such like papers, circulating in each country re ecived from the other, Id. each. On letters addressed to persons in British colonies and foreign countries, and in Lubeck, Bremen, and Hamburg, respectively, passing in transitu through Great Britain, the British rates of postage in addition to the 6d. per half-ounce; the colonial or fbreign rate to he calculated from or to the port of departure of the packet. On newspapers, prices current, courses of exchange, or commercial lists, for transit through Great Britain end for sea conveyance, addressed to persons is the British colonies and possessions, and in countries beyond sea, or to persons in Lubeck, Bremen, or Hamburg : postage on newspapers, halfpenny each ; on prices currents, &e., Id. each. Prices current*, courses of exchange, and commercial lists, to be in bands open at the aides, without the names of the vendors, or any writing, figures, or manual mark thereon. COMMUNICATION WITH THE WEST INDIES AND AMERICA.—The most important alterations, arising (coral the amended scheme for the West India packet service, which have just received the sanction of the government, are that letters can be forwarded to New Orleans, or any part of the United States, by the West India steamers that leave Southampton on the 2nd of the month, provided they are addressed "by West India mail packet;" that letters for Bermuda will be sent by the West India steamers on the 2nd of the month instead of on the 17th, and will not be sent by the Liverpool steamers unless addressed " eid Hali fax ;" that letters for Bermuda, Nsasau, Havana, Hon duras, New Orleans, Vera Cruz, Tampico, and St. Juan (Porto Rico), will be sent on the 2nd of the month only, and these for Jura'', Carthagena (Santa Martha), Chanel. Panama, western coast of South America, St. Juan de Nica ragua, and Madeira. on the 17th ; and that one mail, instead of two, will be forward, d monthly to Madeira, Nassau, Porto Rico, and Jacmel. The postage on letters to New Orleans, or any part of the United States, rid West Indies, isle. each, and must be prepaid. - - BORNEO CHURCH MISSIONARY INSTITUTION,—An institution has been set on foot for the formation of a school, mission houses, and church, at Sarawak, in Borneo, under the direction of the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Bishop of London. The Rev. F. T. M'Doucall, MA , of Msgdslene Hall, Oxford, and us( ciate of King's Col lege. London, has alrcedy been appointed as chief missionary, and the Rev. W. B. Wright, 8.A., late of Queen's College, Oxford, has been united with him as an assistant in deacon's orders. The Rev. S. F. Montgomery, M.A., of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge has also been appointed an assistant missionary, and will sail for the scene of his future labours early in November. The Earl of Ellesmere has ac cepted - •he office of president of the committee, which is composed of the Dean of Canterbury, the Archdeacon of Maidstone, the Rev. Charles B. Dalton, M A., rector of Lambeth ; the Rev. J. Ryle Wood. M.A., Admiral Beau fort, Capt. the Hon. H. Keppel, R N., Wilberforce Bird, Esq., and other gentlemen. INQUESTS. YESTERDAY. CUARGE OF MURDER AGAINST A BOY.—Before Mr. W Baker, coroner, at the Cock public-house, High-street, Hackney, respecting the death of Mr. Samuel Nelme. a gentleman of property aged 74, of No. 2, Grove-plitee, Hackney, who died on Wednesday last. About three weeks ago the recessed and his grandson were la the garden at the rear of the premises, carrying a basket between them, when the deceased heard the report of a pistol, as if it had mi.fired, at the back of his head. He ice. mediately turned round, and his grandson, who had bold of one end of the basket, exclaimed, ' Grandfather, some per son has attempted to shoot you." A search was made for the perpetrator, but without success, until the following morning, when a pistol was discovered lying upon the ground in the garden. Information was fir warded to the police, who commenced a diligent inquiry, sod ultimately succeeded, with the assistance of the school master to the grandson, in tracing the pistol to the grand son, who was seen to have possession of the pistol three hours previous to the attempted murder. The matter was hushed up by the relatives and no further proceedings were taken by them. The de ceased was very much terrified at the hor rible design his grandson had upon his life, and appeared to have some idea that he would make another attempt to mur der him, baying failed with the pistol. The deceased was always considered a very hearty man, and enjoyed very good health, until Friday, the 22nd inst., when he complained of sickness. On the following morning he remained in bed, and in the afternoon his wife left the room, considering that he was asleep. A surgeon arrived shortly afterwards, and pro aniamed life to be quite extinct.--A juror said that when the deenual was shot at, he heard the snapping of a pistol Nye. ral times, as if some person was firing it off without any per mission caps. The circumstance had created great suspicion in the minds of the jury, and they could not return their verdict unless there was a post mortems examination of the body. They had heard several reports that the grandson had attempted his grandfather's life, for the purpose of securing his money, and he considered that there was great suspicion attached totarrandson, who, he believed, was the author of the attem pted assassination.—The Coroner considered the remarks of the juror very proper, and directed that the con tents of the stomach should be analysed.—The jury con sulted, and adjourned the inquiry until this day.—DeATR EY Ftar.—Before Mr. G. J. Mills, at the Elephant and Castle, King's-road. St. Poodle, on the body of Mrs. Isa bella Mackie, aged 75, who was burnt to death in the fire which occurred a Drummond.street, Euston-square, an etmenat et which has appeared is this paper.—William that he was pen was present when the body =I smid t was lying amidst the rubbish on the ground; lacy. His opinion was that it had fallen from the first or second floor.—Miss Harris Mackie said that the deceased was her mother. She was the widow of a cabinet-maker. The house belonged to witness, and was insured in the County Fire-office for 3001. On the morning of Thursday last, about two o'clock, she was awoke by a gentleman living in the house calling out " Fire !" She got up and went to the first-floor beck, and saw fire coming through the partition. She then went down stairs, and having procured some water she threw it upon the flames, but not being able to get them extinguished, the went to the second floor for the pur pose of arousing her mother. She pulled her as far as the landing, and endeavoured to carry her down stairs, but was unable. She then went down to get some one to carry her, bat she could aot return on account of the smoke. Her int. preseion was that the fire commenced in the front room first floor, and it is quite probable that some hot cinders might have fallen through a small aperture in the hearth-stone, which had been mimed by the cement giving away. Mr. Sampson Low, the Secretary of the Royal Society for the Protection of Life from Fire, said that the society had two escapes in the neighbourhood—one at Tottenham-court road, and another at King's-cross. He should like to know whether the police had gone to call them. The only cells the conductors had received had been from civilians.—The eoroner said it appured to his that there ought to be an escape at the smd of every two streets. Life would then be fhlly proton:ed.—Kr. Low replied that, as soon as the fends would permit, escapes would be plated over the whole me. tropolis, one half mile distant from mob other, and then the machine would have to travel only a quarter of a mile to get to any fire. In the present instance the roof had fallen in before the oriedseton know of the outbreak. A Juror: Seeing that there was sufficient time for one or two parties to go up and down stairs, it appears to me that there must be a deal of blame attached to some person in allowing the deceased to perish.—Mr. Alder: It there is any blame it must be the police. They were there, and were better able to go up stairs than any one Ult.—Miss Mackie said it was her opinion that ffiad any one assisted her, her mother's life could have been saved. When she came down stairs she stated that her mother was on the landing, and begged of the parties to save her. It could not have hurt them if they bad gone up stain more than it did her.—The policeman previously examined mid, that when be became aware of the fact of the deceased being above, the smoke was too great for any one to get through it.—The jury re turned a verdict :—" That the deceased was burned to death at a fire at 79, Drummond-strut, but how the fire Immured there was not sufficient evidence to show."— SUSPECT= INCENDIAIISX.—Before Mr. Payne, at the Swan Inn, Old Kent-road, relative to a very mysterious fire which happened at the dwelling boos of Mr. Bayley, 38, Swan-place, in that neighbourhood, on the night of Tuesday last, under circumstances which leave no doubt that it was the work of some diabolical incendiary.—On Tuesday even ing, near 10 o'clock, Mrs. Bayley and her daughter were in a neighbour's house, a short distance front their own, and had not been there long before an alarm of fire was ised, and it was found to be raging in their hones. Mr. Ballard, a neighbour endeavoured to effect an entrance by the front door, but finding he could not, ran round to the back, and found the back door open. He made his way to the parlour, and perceived it I. be in flames. Assistance was quickly rendered him, and the fire was subdued. During ' this time, Miss Bayley had gone up to the first-floor front room, and discovered that this apartment was also on fire , but by prompt assistance that too was extinguished. Thu second discovery excited suspicion ' and on the building being carefully inspected, the fire in the flat-floor was found to be quite distinct from the one in the parlous. The latter was ascertained to have been kindled by the sofa and furniture being ignited, and the one in the upper floor by firing a number of the young lady's dresses, and those not of a very trifling character. On further search being made, it was seen that some party had entered the house at the rear, for having got over the gate, he had broken the back kitchen window, sad which had enabled him to introduce his hand, and so unfasten the bole In doing this the party had cut his hand, as the sill et the window and floor were sprinkled with blood. A young man who was known to have had an altercation with the fatally a short time since, was seen to go down a path or court which loads to the garden-gate, shortly before the alarm was given, and was not noticed to return. Mr. Henderson, a foreman of the fire brigade, who had visited the boast stated that from what be bad Ness sad heard, he wee eatlelled the beadle. bed be.. Miff is two different plasm. The laapseases eff polka blimeard their suspicions of' the parties who Iroll slijrgilst &wadi act, hut for obvious reams seresor UMW** r e i* dense as pt. It that MC Bayley wed mstkielsed for a penny.—The Coroner zumorkod,litat after the (midst's* they had beard, them could be as iimit that the fire wee en inteational set, end that it had beset kindled in two different spots. Me believed the police were in possession of facts whiok were likely to bring to justice the guilty party. Under such eircumitences he should advise the adjournment of the inquiry.—The investigation was accordingly adjourned. INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE OF THE PRIN CIPAL COUNTRIES OF EUROPE AND THEIR DEPENDENCIES. LETTER IV. The widest field of gain was, however, unques tionably opened to Holland to ber East India colonies, and highly useful experience can be drawn from the attempt made to derive advantage from it. It has been stated by Dutch writers, that on closing the accounts of the island in 1832, a deficiency, being the balance between revenue and expenditure since the war, was ascertained, to the amount of 42,121,891 florins, 78 cents. To which, if we add— Loss of _the old Dutch Easi dismolted iu 1799 Low of Dutch and hn Itloh government., clown to Itll4 when sit;th . bshi - t; the Dutch 3,1,000,000 162,124,691 florins, or 13,300,000/. Meeting. This magnificent island is supposed to have an area of 48,000 square miles, which may have a proportion of 30 mil lions of cultivable land, and if one-half be cleared and tilled, the purchase money was then about 13s. 4d. per acre—a tolerable price paid by Europe for its footing in Asia. The Dutch, as they subdued the country in the last Cen tury, tried to introduce a system of forced cultivation, which signally failed. The English government introduced some thing like the ryot-war system of rents which obtains in Bengal, and wished to levy money rents in a country that knew nothing of trade. Of course this failed also. But of late years the Dutch began to perceive that if a profit were left to the cultivator, he might be persuaded to work for them. Accordingly a plan of cultivation was drawn up, of which the following is the official account. As far as it was adhered to, in leaving the cultivator the enjoyment of his land for a fixed produce, to be paid by him in kind, it has been wonderfully successful. A portion of the field. of a dean, or village, If possible of the rise. Reline, equal to one.tlfth of the cultivated land being net apart, the in. habitants must be brought to cultivate it to the following manner. For every "boon" of land a man moat be appointed to labour by the week or by the month, at the optien of the desss, and to be relieved by others in such a manner that four men being appointed to math " bouw," only one of them la employed at a time. Where there see not rice-fields in sufficient abundance, so that the natives are un willing to part with them, the highlands may be resorted to, which must as soon as possible be irrigated. The labour mot be carried on under the direction of a Chinese malodor, or of the Levan chiefs, and the portion of the population called epos to labour must not be sub ject to any other demands for work than what is reyuirsd jo bring the crop• to maturity. The tramporting of the produce is subject to s like arrangement. The beasts of burden, and the are that are required, must, as far as possible, be supplied by the manufacturer, and the natives mast be called upon to work with them in lieu of payment of rent, like the other labourers. la the factories hired labourers must, aa far as passible, be employed; but where three cannot be obtsined, workmen can heordered to them, who are to be in the same manner freed from rent. The calculation of the cost of sugar to the government under this system, will not be uninterestinif to such of our readers as have turned their attention to tropical agriculture. The average production of a" bouw"• of land 11l English acre), planted with sugar, can be taken at 13 pikols (nearly 15 cwt. avoir dupois). A sager establishment. calculated to produce 6,000 ;AMA of sugar, require. 4dlbouwa of land, the cultivation of which employ's 400 men daily, so that it can he reckoned to free 1,600 householders, who probably to hold 2,000 brows of land, from rent. The rent is calculated at 74 florins per bouw, and 2,000 bottles pay about 13,000 florins rent. Tne householders own, on an average, more than one boon each. One man cute, on an avenge, 500 to 550 caneetorks in the day, and 2,000 to 2,200 stocks are required to yield • pikol of eager (131 , b5.); to that the labour of Nil men as cutters is requisite for every pikol of sugar which the establishment daily produces. As the period for manufacturing lasts about ten months, the daily pro duce must be 26 pikols of sugar: 60 cutters will, therefore, be required daily, and to furnish them 520 householders are freed from rent. The carriage to the mills demand. daily 140 car bads, each loaded with 3101 stocks. More frequently, however, the cars can mate three or four trips in the day, for which 70 can am wanting. none man be reckoned to every car, 260 householders are thus freed from rent. Wood for firing may be alculatre at one mina per day far 20 pikob, of sugar. Toeut this; quantity fire men will be regaira4 and as many for the carriage, then 40 householder will be freed. With the de livery of the can,, to the mills the manufacturing promos begins; for which 50 men will be required, being equivalent to 0.10 house holders. Thus an establishment of 6,000 pilrds requires— Householders. Freed. ... Working. For 200 pleating and cultivating the cane 1,600 ... .., 400 Critfing Cordage, tiEtc 730 00 Wood for ring lO Workmen for the mill 7O 30 2.440 41 2,440 householders have to pay, St n fi,:su. each, 18,5001100 as rent ; or, in order to free therneelt et from Ms bordem to work he /00 days, before and during the manufasture; er weber, shoe Mena se -14:::: be repaired from time to time, Mr not Mete theatre be 260 ; ea that the price paid for their labour, tt slaty-am tope be to each, amounts to 12 cents. daily, width is shad the peke at' hboor at Java (about 2td.). • • • • • The ow required to modem a /Apt et r • delletwed at the mill tor 3 Boring 00 mat, na that NNW S• mils tor coat et aside end ova) eomeebiar remain to eager the sods at admit albedo% Mores otthe mop he. Whatever to. dives t the me. withist the tabervestke et romemeat, Y fibewime with 11 Garbo OD mole per AIL AM ardor hes reedier Word to the alit the, trthe had se wattiveted by grommtsheall pada* mom Ihma la pads loth, boar, soe.elded ortheomplostete he leas caltheise, eme-thard ft the Chime Member, sad earablid to the go. memosatormeempemeekm tertbokas esperimed cm hm hatileaftle. Ths hither werldoced the tosebiosetearto emdertehm antiostrost by the marmbatorer. wpm= Is a weitemasesd S , " -eat are Sorbet 40 mob per pill; so that We wo P w mete Ihe emmdea turer 7 Aortas per p4..4 Tho hods ante a rieW filmy sad which ammo WAN to 10.0111 swam Is the amass of angQs MaTeliad spa need test Wog ez io of as a the sow lbws re. so peeenumeed amwmet at ill saw. poa Ms 3 heater 00 mils Is the rower, sod he the wool yid* he Mena What ever yew he mhos beramt Ude gamilly he Agree to as We am paemerty. The mamma he Y emptesd to repay to hotelmmela to the mmHg am, tw w poen. • • • • Lear that the aid native civil Aka may mows, to thetimeet the at males suited to Iga Market e 4 ressiedos, dated 3111 Doe., MI, Clews them 30 Mats per 01 1 71 to he sheeted as follows To the resident, for every ptkol :of sugar produced within his 10 To the regent, Orr the sugar growl fri Ws meow lO To the assistant readmit To the control's,. 5 To the chide of dtviske and other lather:dears Some modifications of them dkorancesoccur la partieulardidriAs, seeordiz e to arcemsteneee : the shove le, however, the average allow. lace From this statement, which it will be observed does not include the rent of the 400 bouwe on which the canes are grown, but merely the cost of growing and manufacturing, we may at least learn what the sugar grown at Java costa to the government. Cost of ealtintkm end delivery Reston o,ooopikole at JAW doling for 400 howls 030 „ Allowances to residents, be. POO ~ 415 per pikol. 8o that the government, in the first instance, appears to low 75 cents. per pikol by the contract with the miller. This loss is, however, most probably confined to the best situated district"; for the rent of 7 florins 50 cents, for the bonw of land, or about 9s. 6d. per acne, as an average return for the whole island, must be a high estimate. Ten florins per pikol, which, as we have seen, leaves an immense profit to the miller, is equal to 14s. per cwt., to which mud be added the en d of transport to the comet, of agency, »tame el neeney, dm., which, at this rats would bring it to about the value of eager at any port of Beagod. The gerneeseent wren, however, se esersheeed that this would be a peefthibis n, that the kineering governor, N. Baud was entpowored to contract with the miller be the sugar whieb be itmeathetured above the government quota, and at the 11111111110141 pries of 12 florins per pikol, or 16e. 6d. per OWL The adoelstien upon which the cultivatien of indigo le based b the isous ili M,sco lbs. wile= of haweymU »Me emb at be =di yield 15 to 90 Ma. eilmllma en he elk etsts• Mt» 110111•11 of the o p a ear & 4,4oo de. el =lee. es the = ff eg: neg le added on with earl all the mini let or illesesere roods sok nib me Pr or est of tate. Is mew betide ern leasiellers mast in teed tiONI srL at Me air gentle 10611101 by nitres to the lisleds knemed tee beneksikes bides; as that the eat el Me blew at Ina bed is wastieseL the =et As pouf, temeesetle the happ, ad the f a ke MOM eat St r. Olt Ml* I r = i l modem lb. IheWeelmof vidonen. end oder re =anment to en inlay dee ; »dim pewee of mime weal Sift 1111 NMI (ate= Is. Myer It. • • • • • bar PPP bo. bewever, sem ebbe= Oberkee, kos the szentemet le »Ida kip senialbstmed by the =dm kemsehes, wink they shim la man= el nog. et I ken le engem IL, to ehki es seen kr »new esed Owens to cisme sent be added. There are sheeny HO dame maall holaelee In this men as we before observed respecting the calculi. tion of the cost of producing sugar, no account is taken of the rent of the land ; which being added gives 1 florin 80 cents or nearly 3e. per English pound, as the price which indigo delivered in this manner coots the government at the factory. AU that we have hitherto stated shows that the system pro- posed by M. van den Bosch kept the interest of the planter, ne less than that of the government (and they are inseparable), in view. The principal alteration he would have effected was the impseitiees upon the native of an isbliotion to work in a given kreellien, without much regard to his indolent habits and prejadinee, hat in the explanation here given it is evident that he was benaked by the innovation. The misfortune attending the attempt lay in the fad that this system never was fully nisi upon. The delivery of sugar, coffee, and in d*o wee Wool enforced instead akin of rice, but the rate taken from the native was not reduced to one-fifth instead of two-fifths or enekell, but in his mount with the mews ha was charged the All rent that he had biased* psi. In »cuss for this beiges of faith the financial distrese if the kingdom is alleged. Vor some years bath the manufacture and exported= of indigo has bees a wows asesey, agsiast which,= daily against the wrap el ~ad the change c have been openly peetherni fate public prints ta Yet, with all this appearemes et eggemeion, the bland has incontestably nouriehed. AregiOneresse of predmoden has taken place, whisk Imes, together with the peatiseld• eea dition of the fetivite, that the wens of cultivation is le a certain degree =whin wen. The Dutch have attained their • Iliebsewleseee mob, equal to 19 feet foes Mria gaol. se awe Ms SP news nods. .4 About Its. per cwt. end of their eammeerciel navy, aad a few yeses of oseetemW mllmfaisistedisa it home eught to have ref aced tighten theft Whigs mem Addellollmmilhl • The sehdies et the riddie see Mutt th il l a tatels kW• tatatry vela the r ff eleh asi r r=ad a Lt il lgbe mem thee the greatest e:rviee, by geerealesin the essersets tebbli the prod... delivered wee rated. The very haters etas system made it imperative to have Welliver% sad industries" Soto!, every ! where. end numerous Nations at which the preduee aoali be delivered, perhaps at a low but at all emits at a end price. If any one we a lour by this state of things it wee the government, as the King was the only who had to calculate rent in his of the veru r e m ol the produce. A touatry of which no more than one-eighth is cultivated can scarcely be said to know what rent is, and the pries of labour alone fixes the value of a commodity. If the goverment really was able to raise 78. 60e. per bouw from the average cultivated land, it would clearly have been a gainer by continuing to do so, and giving the Javans every possible facility to buy cheap and sell dear, and so to aug ment the quantity of cultivated land paying such rent. But this rent could only be raised under unoontrolled cultivation, with the aid of trade, and this leads us to the chief con sideration, which will form the subject of cur next letter. IRELAND. Donnie, Ocr. 28. At a meeting of the senior board of the university this day a resolution was adopted, refuting the prayer of the miner fellows that the remains of Professor M'Cullagh might be interred in the college vaults beneath the chapel. Provosts and the highest digna tories of the church who had been fellows are only admitted there, and the suspension of the rule in favour of an individual, even so eminent as the late professor, was conceived to be more injurious than any good it might accomplish. The body will be conveyed from Dublin, on Saturday morning, to Strabane Tyrone, the birthplace of the Professor, where it will be interred. It is said he was preparing an edition of Butler's " Analogy," confirming the original arguments in favour of revela tion by the modern discoveries in science. The poor-law commissioners have issued a general order directing the boards of guardians to have their books prepared for more frequent inspection than heretofore. This department will fall within the duties of the lately appointed inspectors of unions. Social disorganisation has put on a new, though rather antiquated, form. Faction-fighting has set in. There was a furious battle at Bannagher, in which the opponents were King's County and Connaught men. They fought with desperation; and, among the wounded, was one whose right hand, from the wrist downwards, was cut off with a sword-blow. The women, as usual on such occasions, appeared in large numbers, armed with the usual weapon—a stocking with a lump of brown stone in the heel. The military appeared and dispersed the rioters. The judicious severity of the assistant barristers checked this barbarous effervescence some years ago, and the same powers will again reduce it to control. A courageous man named Kelly, steward to Mr. 3lolony, of Craig Clare, resisted successfully an attack made on his masters horses while conveying corn to the Ennis market. The executive, which rewards all Bach acts of courage, has forwarded to Kelly a reward of 10!., with the following letter: Dublin Ensile, Oct. 92, 1847.--Malachy Kelly, I ern directed b the Lord Lieutenant to inform you that Captain Leine, K.M , will my to you the sum of tin pounds, whkh hk mall, nay has awarded to you as • reward for your faithful and epirited conduct in the recent attack on you master's property, as well no on a former similar =a don.—l am, your humble servaot, T. N. R6DINOTON. Lose or Ina Scum Tatattex This ill-fated Teasel, belonging to the Dublin Screw-steamer Company, and plying between London and Dublin, was wrecked yesterday morning (Wednesday) on Carnsore Point, County Wexford; all hands saved. High winds and a thick fog were the causes of the (Luster. The vessel was fully insured, but none of the cargo, except a few chests of tea. Mr. Allen, secretary to the company, goes down to-night to save as much as pos sible of the cargo (or the unfortunate owners. SCOTLAND. EDINBIIIIOH, OLT. 28. In advancing money at 8 per cent, the Scotch capitalists are of opinion that the government moun tain has brought forth a mouse. Here the banks, daring the severest pressure, have been accommo dating their regular customers at 6 and 7 per cent — I interlopers of course being entertained at a higher I figure. No doubt the government interference, by bettering their English debtors, is so far an accommo. dation to Scotch merchants; but the direct benefit to themselves they rate very low. The Scotch system of banking has so nobly survived " the battle and the breeze," even under the restrictive system, that if comprehensively transferred across the border, it would work with equal benefit What has it done for Scotland ? Destitute of natural facilities she has, — with an incessant drain on a small population, and with no fertility of soil—elevated herself to a commanding mercantile position, and that not mainly but exclu sively by the elastic and adaptative chagicter of her I banking system. Yet, in the midst of her lorogression, comes the restrictive act of 1844 to put the handcuffs upon it. Nov is the damage thus inflicted merely local ; it reacts upon England—how, has been ex plained by Lord Kinnaird, in a letter to the Cidedo num Mercury of to-day. The distress for gold which has occasioned the recent commercial disasters has been partly caused by that locked up in Scotch banks, as the act directs." "In Scotland alone," says his lordship, " there is nearly one million and a half of gold in the coffers of banks, in liea of the securi ties formerly held. Were the gold liberated, it would, in conjunction with other measures which might safely be adopted, tend in some degree to relieve the present distress in the money market." RAILWAY ACCIDENT.—An accident happened yesterday on the Greenock Railway, to Mr. Roes, the superintendent of the line, whose care in preventing accidents has been pro verbiaL A specisl train was deintched from Greenock at half-pest 11 o'clock, end Mr. Ross, as was his usual custom, accompanied the train, taking his place on the engine. When the train reached the Port Glasgow station, Mr. Ron was in the set of stepping down front the engine upon the platform when his loot slipped, owing to which he fell en the platform, and his legs having unfortunately got en tangled between it and the engine, the motion of which bad not been fully stopped, he sustained severe injuries in both limbs. He was speedily conveyed to his own house. Am putation of both limbs, we understand, bu been found necenary. PROVINCIAL. LANCASHIRE. THE MANCHESTER CHAMBER OF COICHERCS AND TNI RAILWAY COMMISSIONZILS.—COON or the knowing atelemid sad reply him bees sent to ell the railway am pules wbo haveobtained mete. To twa Ana Hoe m COICIUNIMMiI • ihILWASs.— The MllMildla d tbi et t • Chenher Chemeree rid Iteashearers et your re. oleemea "" wril, I ft re 111 = Wald& the evettry he rd task a% w ia z 6 egpoweles n Eanda et der wp..=l Wes =nth= theesreedilea ter the _y ear anneedel userere ie sew =4:e • gran et bra. Ow der f lageesda one rein droll Is Tlieeeell7 end imimar @dated. rue* odslag perm ay to Tama& Thu a. =esiori Ml =JSk Ike e=r er=e. erlt ir kt los i t hs orear e lea tu tr=er , =is Mimam eellrialo dr ism et pyre etas Ulf% Aalk NO, owl la Ds iremeral le Deland et Tiede la ids dame arse err your ameallele der ask died Mie r sa ores Y s warm le alb way 104 Met blie allot Joilldses or ompreheedob dread able a leartme • salkeit areelmee; art slag Mb wee weld IMMO relied to areestotrallel old& It road to tramp a rea plaint rrestremerie d_ the eamety; Art= bra ; eile len orldreelell, a la pawn •Sidarei akeeleloed eee ober% es rare r anent et mirk yll'lllll% V en, eirreiteelhe ~IP ibb healellee pre le he MM. eallithmesplisamee the reorwas et the emery how beer ROW& artel; eat ItAle s =l idea Ice le rearehr ; lhat the Ihdllliie Dram woe hy the leilidire at ease vim the Dim et dr probe ma i = delleleet Imeneet drawly demaled as preeelle mem net yew remllellele dent reelbe is Strew dale rpwrerei dr was by Ida\ fry re et meat ermgerel : the Drurre ea arees. telereele ; Wrap Dal Ike Ya w se Dell. y d DNA • eollekedi pew al le oared ar ; Tat the Draft dap =greedy arriesed W aimed rem he perm shirk am might he Dereerd allh bee hes le ill pada were the bra Dells raelelka - a err adeopedlbp pedlar& net =reerailia on het mekeled Deka limy the dor* dr leder lea etedtway throatto sr vs = jtir..fura. arms 1111•111101001 1/111 VIM SIM et Ihe eels slid; dons autag pox asraidilie IllUit we irk • awe Win* by elarelediss; lot layseled dlreelemela 0316111 he powenot roe elm Ihet Itt_it belt Dr the emakella the work; witkie •161; It wie aFYeelp Impeedhle fat the read. the =odd mid is rehelltbes Widea sr mar. Imam raise emplery mita amnia, eat re dill ememeare• set mime yea dare. Wan mdl wafer That We Ike armed essmesitp. he =llelm eemerea Thet peon pererieliels held It re he e Or sod prereert emidueller el aparrent be leek to dr greeprereaedllka dee ammo red manmade of Or coesieyoso mien alenvelles to vita art lad le mile area reed% es le row pealdly Yt_ard dry nagenelley siert task a rah et the adelbolehle he the awe bd_pettireerie Int joirrhei pirlimat ad Nit souilmi, el l = alerkeldia gio thg pant islerreim Wpm arreedd wet renNe7 ; ma. se prey etaillw seek trdermiles w eal aro. seed De is % year eamedellre Add teremehie lard my dwarf* pre. M o b, seemLe sit s er mita hew reemere ael the *vele bl adt ge llea mb rd=ri , I proolde epYM cr e eAr s = ask works—fte arils it rearm Dapriee temakter t he a le ameba mieltee—ted tie palm seek Warr= the seralthe et dr irk nay awed; eal OM wit • wag be is re the draft el She 21 = h r e lt Oruntrimme et Clet. V, WM I/4-1 here bra Miura bp Or Ormi•= l ll•Derro es. =he rude* et yes reeseisleadea et dee Dad rant, proode tram that:masher oterateree ot likaityr. ter ; wed I sie to baheen you that the nientedid wig mein, the am *Meridian of the eoluniesloners and tbe rifles/neat—l Was, &C... H. D. Haluesen Cepa li. Eaglasers.—To nos. Easley, Dic., Presi dent of tbe Cheater a =Nee. ILL THE INTENDED EXECUTION OP • MOTHEIL—A enentweied ow behalf of Mazy Ann Hunt, of whisk the follow ing is a wig, Ms bean Bewarded from Bridgewater to Sir Gesrge .„ = " os=alteas Art the Hese Degartment The leinhlientestthebwenaletbdrge dwritilrWea le v a :w . raireterZe r r enneese l : i t .m bi". pia. Z . , = is eg, le aw ftill m ge shw a = ea . widest, nememeA and hertgring, seen no low tre net ~red et do MIN. *II poilisres oriath, ,2„ amt n adir =rbind a emewAtent MIA Itg y of 401. 7 1. •Al u e. "11 =thr i =ot anal wiry be enameled for emir womb woodman with the Adam of humanity. _ _ OIDUCEitTERtiiII RE, _ _ A PABST CIP /62111ji,saist.iiTET - idol Gazette, have este:Masi thvanralver at Spring•park, near Stroud, and are daily aeon Milking is the neighbourhood with a cowl and tang shoos, to the great astonishment of the ruttier. MAMPSKIRY. COMMISSION BY TUB LORD .LIEUTENANT.—R. E. Cooper, gent., to be cornet in tho Lyrniugton troop of yeo manry cavalry. Nine' farts. MR. ETTY's CLEOPATELL—Mr. Etty's famous pic ture of Cleopatra, so long the property of Mr. Farrell, bat been purebred by Kr. Leberhere for the sum of one thousand gobmor.—Art- UlllOll. UNIVERSITY AND CLERICAL. OTWORD, OCT. 29.—1 n a oonvocation holden this morn ing, the ragged grant of 1301. to the library attach ,1 to the irlaLibt dm foe divinity students at fiawyerpooraro, to the province of Tin nervily. bilAdres, received the unction of the house, and at the game time the Bee. Dr. Hawldna, provcet of Oriel College, wee [morn into the dice of Pro-Vice-Chancellor for the 'ea. ensuing. Di • rcamega don holden immesh gel? afterwards the following degrees were con ferred.—Master of Arts: Of Christ Iturce. H. E. Cramer and A. Lloyd, Oulente, C. llama and Cole ; of Keeler, J. Menet ; of Rev. P. 0. Blorolleld ; of Bt. John'[, M. E. Benison, Rev. H. D. Hilton ; of Jeaus,y. W. Foulke ; of Mullion; Rev. E. H. Bellbird ; Ans : Of C. B. Pembrok o lifi w lllatos; of Newthin Hall, W. Farrar. Beithelor a Willett, W. J. Dane; of Broannwe, T. H. Markham;of lty, B. C.Brolth, W. J. Trerthen ; of Magdslenthall, T. Price. CAMBRIDGE, Ocr. 29.—At a congregation holden this morning, the following degrees were e mferred —M.A., R. G. Bryan, Trinity; DA., C. (Malden, Trinity; W.ollby, St. John', At the same congregation, ell the graces publmhed in Thursday's Daily News pared the melee. ST. PETZIeII COLLEGE.—At a meeting of this society held today the following gentlemen were IsomiLated for the resent MU tershlp :—Rer. H. W. Cookeon, B.D. (B.A. 18.1), fellow and tutor; Res. A. Dieken, D.D. (ILA. Sidney, Sussex, 1815), formerly ft Bow, R. of Norton, &MM. Tua NEM CIVIC CIIAPLAINB.—Mr. Ald. Hooper, the 1 Lord Mayor .lest, lam appointed the Rev. H. Hooper, of Trinity Cott. Comb., to be ha chaplain during the rear of his mayoralty. Mr. Sheriff Cubitt, M.P., Wu appointed as bfa chap! iln the Rev. J. S. Whiting, M.A., of St. John's-wood. Mr. Sheriff 11111 . 8 chaplain is the Rev. Mr. Thomas, chaplain of the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich. PaErainistrre.—The Bishop of St. David's has appointed to honorary peetendal stalls, in the cathedral of St. David's, Rev. J. Allen, Rural Dean and Viral of Castletuattin, Pembrokeshire; Rev. W. B. Thomas, Rector of Johnstore and Vicar of Steynton, Pent. brokealihr ; Be.. T. Watts, Vicar of Ilaverfordwest. Rev. M. Mills, to Yardley Mooting. C., co. Northampton, dl.. Peterborough. VACANCY.—Abernant V., with Conevil Eltet C., Carmar thenshire, die. St. David's ; value 1311., pat., Mr. SC Loe and other., Moe band Lewis deceased. NAVAL PRIZE MONRY.—The Gazette of last night gives notice to the cams and erew of 11.11.'s sloop Alert, wbo are entitled to ahem for the brigantine, 116/13e unknown, supposed to be tondos, captured Oct. 3, 1643, also for the Hose, captured Sept. 21, 1841. (in company with 11.31.'s ship Cygnet), that a distribution of the proceeds Lod tonnage bounties granted for the said mptunoi will be made at No. 39, Charing-cram, on the Nov. next ; and that the shares not then paid will be recalled at the same place, agreeably to Oct of partia -1 ment. Amount of an individual share - %Isadore: Comonaer, St 13a. 7d.; lst class, 71. 18a. 14d. ; 2nd cl., 41. Ira. 104 d. ; eL, 2f. 75. 34d ; 4th el, 1!. 1 Is. 74d. ; sth el., 15e. 4/d. ; 6th eL, 10a.60.; 7th eL, ss. 314.—R0w: Commander, 99!. lie. ; dare, 47/. 189. 114 d.; 2nd 23L 4)d. ; aid eL, 71. Sid- ; el., W. lls. 94d. ; loth el, 4L 13a. luid. • nth cl, 31. b. 11d. ; ith 1!. Ila. 114d.—Onairmaney, Bon, a nd Co.. ageata. PORTSMOUTH OCT. 79.—The Hecate, N., is to sail on Sunday for Lishori—The Blenheim, at. gu irdahip, arrived at Spit head this morning, on a trial Bruise; her progress from St. Helens to Spithead was not very rapid. She Is a splendid ship to appearance, and steamed Into bar boar at 4 o'clock this afternoon.—The Arab coiled this day foe the Cope of Good Hope.—The lthadanniathus, st., oleo sailed thdafterncon. MILITARY. Ponranorre, Ocr. 29.—The Rharlamanthne, et., will coovey a detachment of the Royal Marine* to Cork, and return with dnifts of the 66th, 72nd, 55th, and Sith to Portsmouth, to embark to join the service companies—The 69th Foot will leave Miumbester for Portsmouth on the nth of neat month. DEVONFORT, OCT. 28.—The left wing of the 81st Regt disembarked this afternoon at the Royal William Victualling-yid. The band of the regiment greeted them, on their tearing the truth. port, with Rule liritanahi" and " Auld long sync." THE DITACHAIRNTB OF ROTAL ARTILLERY and Royal happen and Miner., which left England about two years since with Capt. IL B. Blackwood and Capt. J. Wilder, for the purpose of mixt ing and repairing the forts belonging to the Motion's Bay Company, hate been ordered to return to herd-qoartera, and will embar'k tor England an early in 1646 as the mama will admit of their passage down ihe rivers. The party, it will be remembered, was mot oat at the time when the unmated state of our relation. with the United States, in connexion with the Maim to Oregon, rendered it doubtful whether the friendly relations which bad previously subdated between the two nations would be PRIVATE LITTERS t e re r ten received from Fort York, Hudson's Bay, announcing the rite sari ral of the detachment of Royal Sappers and *Mem, who left Ragland on the Ist of Jane last, to beco mes' ass beat party in search of Sir laha Franklin and his gallant company. The party will winter near Fort York, and in the epring of the year pursue their search after the missing sinners, should no bitelUgence of the safety of the Erebus and Terror reach any of the settlements of the company before that time. SPORTING. jIO . IIOHTON MEETING.. Font.—MATCH•, iiioi:ti ft. A.F.-Mr jO. H. Moore's Wslants he 71b (NM), beat Mr. W. H. Johnstone's Bough and lleady, Sot. 7111(J. Mareini). Mr. Johnstone paid forfeit in the town about Wiled Were, bat no into natica to that effect having been given Who trim% Ws bereft were started, and Watchdog, on 'Mem 2 sod 2IsI mu IRK wen by a neck. A question will come Mike t+ Anode as Is wbtber, u nder the circumstance% it is to be eimils a rale. MATCH ; 1001.,1 ft. A.P.—Lord Caledon's Wanots, Est 71b (Nat) beat Mr. Isndend's Ihnlissworth Set 71b (Itebinson). Even bet_ .dw Wen by three kagetra Basilica! 6WISPIIT•11711 02 22 Mrs each, 5 ft if declared ; fbr it4e ad lds and upwards; the second to receive the rockets. T.Y.C. (I 2 7 vises ingered). Mr. alar'e n, Yr. Itales Masker I (E. Edwards 2 Lord Obeisly larewell (J. Bhars) $ Mr. I. H. lissilra Duo an Derma . ...... .... ~ (J. Maroon 4 NUMB= &TAR= of 26 MOM each; for 2-yr olds. ).M. Lind Clembeffelffs b 1 by Dun Jobs, dam by Colwick (Nat I OM. Ames Illasa.. fr. Bain PM! Mesehed Hemmentes Sliz 011vor .... . .(Monthoole $ The astimlng sass stortsidint van 2 01 ainsen: La ll ll = 4„ 71 4:= Cfsw ionisant, ‘n r jlui reansma hy li t g oa li n=2 Impaction, OMNI% SolordPkarr• — pseldsl : 4 to 1 effet Antliask •I in 1 asps biewisers ses, f to 1 sustilass, 7 Is 1 apt V 11 lis 1 apt ilk A m. Olissr, Has 1 Don Ain Illy, IS Is I apt and 14 Is 1 and Chew yloolllthe ussalas, illinnel by and dr 01.0 Yap IfoissHlffe i s•Abaff 2 7l22l4 . 2ffCa Am about Mew sr Ise taw do Irma 0111 02 till neer thiamin Mime Sesm*lW lonic lark lila rohnned tin kw tip Om Mil; Uri 010110radre flay MI am den win Ede firmer elsobsing las IsaS, von bs l et hinges. • lir nee r nest Ones pie the mat pans inalya min. Oft Oliver busks ftworaglicar by a bud; (WOW • poi 51W. m''l . ISWEIPISTAIIIS of 10 ion. nob ; for Xyr Olde, Tat 91b ; four, fa Sib; too Sal wan* he K 4 blrd half of Ab. M. Winner to bo sold Ss •0•1. wariatVirks. et amax‘rt cob (Abdul 1 Nr. liwOrm's °Mir (Nat Ur. Nowa% Paw of 1111. lisrearat's arjer , 3 ToySar's Otago Raba, 4 Banks : 3 to 4to te m paad 7 to 4 apt tba irfar et St. Mar mot .% Was by two Ur, 32 ssa. BwwirrAmis et 1 mew. • for 2-yr-old ORM taill f er ik r . .....xtbig se mom It dimmiwi, _ _ — Grrailliaires *by nis keit (N al I Yr. WeNewt Wm= I J. 3÷son 2 Ilt.lialbfwa's Tlei 3 The hisetiNg were Net *eat :—Pet of tie Ras& it. we et IllsthiNg Gleam Tippet, e. try Itseder" wt . = : iO 3 4 Net Beilnek Sept Ms 01 le I we Sri sot The Doe JAN e ft mei nig Ile ISI % be ent by Wm b rede llWav reeArra bilt a rby bar a ba tw r= ITO th. ON NIONITAXIN NM Mali; Nee 2.7r.eiNe, 761 nb ; *rm. lit Ob. The lobe Weft TN erms. It derserd, and Omen= tete be NM Ist Wis. Yr. Pepe% %lie (Net) I Mr. 1111.046 e. (Bl3 3Pro Ui. The sag werezi a -1= la di, : be I. apt 10 , 110 aw. mode Nis won Mewl MN MIN mel BMW& ree W a wee Ximpl. Nes la I ki, see. 801.--Fat rir-eida, 7st 6lb ; four, Set bib ; five and sputa* &it UM. The winner to lie mid for 1051., If demanded, &c. _ . . '.. l;r24l2Nolloilira (F. Butler 1 Ur. Passes Ch erawywaSses (Nat 2 Mr. /1. Starbs'sNollia Perm (D0e 11 . 1 % 3 ' 7ba ielkasksg wee Nth Mho; Jolla ILwria, N Cook, Nadir dismsja m„... ada Nin ths Nan Mr" Ptratar7l , l3 , 36.11. 4 tis ISTgar, Hs hug. Mompis of OPINUOIMIIato 1 get grstrpz i a r t II Is a sad. Ala gm!. wea cariertr by & Msa good third, with lhatstrymald sad Baia the Bow Hamm, 20W.. h ft . A. F.—Sir J. Hawley's Miami, Itst 711 a J. Ihwass), beat Lord Glasgow's fby the Provost, oat of Mtn Whip, 7st Illao AODLIIT LfD . STA/L2B. of 30 PM earl, for hones of all ago (2.yr.alds= A. E. C. Mr. Barsors (Pearl 1 (1 IPriase 2 Kr I. Hawley% 3211bweed „. Mr. WalliesCaimhas (Tran 3 Blr C. Mares WAS* (Nat 1 wise: I lag soh Telt.haster, ts 2 apt. Cohnabwo, Ito apt. MillersaL gad 4ls Isiah Vasish. Tslhboodsr made all As rumba, ant was sae/ W lorsit. LS la II Ida NI slas. MAWR, SW, fist eask. D. IL—Mr. Modyn's emir maim hada tram Lord Otrawsteseirgaboarer. Mh OK, h ft. Cambridpiiire Oesree.—Mr. &ad ios," &yrs, Ist 7lb, apt Mr. Gardca's Puts Mary, &yrs, MM. Oft by oases h liLawcs, lOW., 601 ft, Set auk T. M. M.—Mr. Parr's Rosh& ths Bas resstailiallit frau No. Durry% My Mary. MATCH. IDOL, h ft. T.T.C.—Mr. Payee's Woodcraft, resewes tallitlttaa Lad Glanow's Discatret, fall yrs, MATCH, SOW., h ft. T.Y.C.—Duke of Bedford's eat 7111, resetras WIG boa Lord °Wow% f by Maar data 1 / 1 WPM MaIeMATCK, ML, h ft. T.Y.C.—Mr. Lowther's Blaek Doe, reset es !mirk tam Lord litrehlarares P amirs flower, Sot 41/1. KUCK, 200., h ft. T.T.C.—Lord Imams's Bishop , Itaatkres Cob. 7 i st Ptaliti Witt fee Lord Strathoonrs SonNotot, 7st IRA MimiIioI ' IMMIIMMINIIMINIIINNIMMIA tab) intelligent. COURT OP-BANKRUPTCY. Before Mr. Corealeskeer Evens. TIM PARCEL Post DILIVERY COMPANY IN RI OItEN. —Tide was a meeting for choice of assignees in the matter of this bankrupt, who, with several other persons, were shareholders and directors of the " Parcel Poet Delivery Cainpaay ;" and also had bu,kinits offices at No. 67, Fleet /41MM. sad Argyle-street, Oxford-street. Several debts baying bees proved, the Jsaiikrupt in examination stated. that he had attended several ametings before he became a partner in the company, and in their offices he saw several articles of furniture, carpet, Sic. Them articles, however, were subsequently sold-by the secretary, and the money ob tained for them was pat to his own uie.—Mr. Lawrence said perhaps he did so fa order to pay himself his salary, as, in consequence of the company's affairs baring occupied the attention of a police magistrate, he could not have otherwise reimbursed himself. Mr. J. Mathew', of High-street, Shmeditch, torn merchant, was chosen assignee. CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT. OLD COCriT.--Defure the Chltl Baron and Mr. Justice Cromwell. IN otcruaNT UNDER TUE BANKRUPTCY ACT.—G. Hilton, 28, grocer, was indicted under the Bankruptcy Act of the 5 & 6 Vict. ' sec. 32, cap. 132, for that he baring been duly adjudged a bankrupt, and days having been appointed for him to attend and be examined respecting his estate and effects, did feloniously and contemptuously omit and neglect to surrender to the fiat of bankruptcy issued against him upon the day appointed for his final examination.— There were several other counts in the indictment varying the form of the charge. Mr. Clarkson, for the prosecution, said that the present prosecution was instituted by the solicitor to a fiat in bank ruptcy, issued against the prisoner for not surrendering under that fiat, upon the day appointed by the court for him to be examined respecting his estate and effects, with a view to their being duly administered among hie creditors. The prisoner carried on the business of a grccer at Hythe, in Kent, and in the month of February last proceedings in bankruptcy were taken against bins, and he was eventually declared a bankrupt in conformity with the provisions of the act to which he referred, and the 25th March and the 27th April were the days appointed for him to attend the court, and be examined respecting his estate. The bankrupt did so attend on the first day, but on the 27th April, when his final t Lamination should have taken place, he did not appear, but it seemed that he absconded to France, and was apprehended at Dover upon hie coming to this country on a temporary occasion. Mr. G. Johnson, an officer of the Court of Bankruptcy, produced the papers, and in point of fact proved the whole sue. It appeared that the prisoner was adjudged to be a bankrupt on the Bth March by Mr. Commissioner Fon blanque, and on the 16th the usual notice was issued, calling upon the bankrupt to surrender and be examined upon the 25th March and the 27th April. The prisoner attended on the 25th March, and underwent a long examination regard ing his estate and effect., and assignees err re appointed, and the prisoner was to have attended on the 27th April to un dergo a final examination. Ile, however, did not make his ' appearance, and no final examination therefore took place. The proof of the insertion of the flat of bankruptey in the Gazette, and also that the usual notices were served upon the bankrupt, was then given in evidence. Mr. Ballantine, for the prisoner, submitted that there was no cue at all to go to the jars. He need hardly observe that this indictment was founded open a highly penal act of parliament, and that therefore it ought to be construed with the utmost strictness. In the first place he should contend that the mere feet of a man being adjadirated a bankrupt was not sufficient, and that before he could be convicted upon such an indictment as this, there should be a proof that he had actually committed an act of bankruptcy, and in point of fact was really a bankrupt. He cited a case referred to in " Russell's Crown Cases," where an in. ictment had been fumed under the 6th Geo. IV., which was the old bankrupt law, where the court held that in indictments of this descrip tion there should be a proof of trading, of the petitioning creditor's debt, and of an act of bankruptcy. Mr. Justice Cresswell said the question was whether the notice in the Gazette that the court had adjudicated a person to be a bankrupt was a proof of the fact —The Chief Baron expressed his opinion to be that as the Court of Bankruptcy was a court of competent jurisdiction, they were bound to assume that the prisoner was legally declared a bankrupt upon the adjudication of the court to that effect, and the statute went on to say that the bankrupt should be bound to do certain things after notice to that effect had been inserted in the London Gazette. Mr. Ballantinc then proceeded to take another objection. By the statute the bankrupt was required to attend upon two days, to be named by the court, and it wail proved that the prisoner did attend on the first day named for that pur pose, and by so doing he submitted that he had done all that was required of hint for the remainder of the section was in the alternative, and after enacting that the penalty should accrue if the bankrupt did not surrender on the day first appointed, went on to say " or " on the day appointed for his final examination ; and he submitted, that if he attended upon either of the days he had complied with the set of par liament, so fur as any penal consequences were concerned. Mr. Justice Cresswell said, it appeared to him, upon re ferring to the two clauses of the act of parliament, that the limit of the surrender was the second day, and that the sta tute intended that at all events the bankrupt should attend on the day appointed for his final examination. Mr. Parry said that if this were the correct interpretation of the law, a bankrupt might attend upon the first day and discover sufficient estate to pay all his creditors in full, and because he did not appear on the second day, although he had done everything that could he require d of him, he might still be subjected to the penal consequences of infring ing this act of parliament. The Chief Baron said these objections would be upon the record if such an Indictment were preferred. Mr. Clarkson, in support of the indictment, said he appre hended that neither of the objections that had been rinsed by his learned friend on the other side could be supported. In the first place, what was the meaning of en adjudication ? It was a solemn decision and judgment of a court of coca potent jurisdiction that a certain fact had been proved ; and after what had fallen from the court be should say no more with reference to this objection. He would, however, ob serve that the cue which had been cited by his learned friend was under the old bankrupt law, and did not refer to the pre terit statute, which was framed not only for the purpose of doing justice to bankrupts, but also their creditors. The learned counsel then proceeded to argue that the other objection was equally untenable, and that the statute clearly required the bankrupt to attend upon both the days appointed far his examination.—Mr. Bodkin, on the wee aide, urged upon the court the hardship that would be erenied by a contrary view of the ease ; for when a bank rupt salmmied his der examination his person was pro tected, and be right employ the opportunity between that time and the sassed day in making away with his property, and right then eireerd, and defraud his creditors of the Idris el their pengenty. The Chief Buie, after having deliberated with his learned overruled both the objections that had been raised by the er's counsel. He said the court were of opinion Mat tie Oetut of Bankruptcy, having adjudged the prisoner In las a bankrupt, he was bound to conform to the orders of Ant used, and, failing to do so, be had rendered himself amenallie in the present charge. The statute appeared to him to be heard with . very great care, and certain and ample opportunity was given to the person adjudged to be a bankrupt, in the Ant instance, to dispute the proceedings; and if he idled to do so he did not think it was any answer te the penal charge to which be afterwards sub =himself is smy that he had not been duly made a pt. The leemed Chief Baron then suggested that the jury Amid germ a special verdict, founded upon the her, and if the priserw's counsel, upon consideration, should think it eight te do so, they would hare an opportunity of further_segnmant upon a motion in arrest of judgment. Mr. Beßesedne exercised his right to address the jury, and asked rim whether they could think themselvenjustified in finding a primer guilty of an offence for which he might be suipmeed se the puniehment of transportation far life upon me ether evideseether the prodoctiou of amass of papers, and wiliest the Medea miasma of any intention todefrundany cre parson ? Ma weld not help expressing his surprise that me as amt of pediment as this shotdd have been placed sa the Merits beet Tho indictment charged the prisoner with the intention to defraud hie creditors ; and he pmt it to the jury whether they ought not to have bad some evidence to prove such intention, and whether, in the absence of such evidence, they ought to convict him of intending to defraud his creditors, when for all they knew to the contrary, be might have geld the twenty ekulluegs in the: pound The lamed emus' was ~ promeding with his address when he The wee l b iaron, who said he thought it unnecessary he Amid peered any farther, as a special verdict finding the ilase% bat emitting a proof o f the intention to defraud, would be ail that thelarned reursicould require.-11r. Ballantine mooted to this anuses. . . The fay then, sadet bM kirdehip's direction, ?stunted the eipsdal verdieS, " That the *sow was proved to be • beeknipt, sad that he did net aarrsoder in conformity with the Matas, bet that them wee no evidence of his baying any is Wl= Se delved his aredkors." Marna.—O. J. //e;teairi, and lfelelds Ha ~ his daughter, wen indicted for the wilful waxen el a yule intent, here oldie latter prisoner. It appeared hest the KJ demos, se fu en from its revolting nature it penile et being detailed, that the prisoeers occupied ea epartmest fa Illady row, Spitaltelds, end were in a meet abject state of poverty. The birth Of the child, from what emild be sowertaised, was conjectured to have taken place during the night a/ the 26th September; and in the morning the hale whore was beard to go down stairs, end was seen teem the yea sad go in the directive of an out-house in an efielslog roles, where the body of the child was afterwards dinewhel. Shigialon wiry one hod itself upon the prisoners, and a *lse rentable Crto the room occupied by them to =she at list denied that she hid had a Ohl= et ]fib Admitted it was the case ; sad .p IMO of Ire aierr saying that she hoped her father Imam sof/lin of ft, she replied that ha did not. She vies eller wards takes to the infirmary, at "the workhouse, owl es the way there she asked the constable what bad beeme of her fattier, and on his toiling her that be was Whoa up, eke in quired what It was ter : be hid her that he wee edierpdwith endesvatring to eimesel the birth or her shag; to which abs replied that ft was hies, fin be knew mai( sheet k - She alheirlffee mesh other eastrary statoweises, wed elm one amid= she hid a whom that It hed dB Pappeued through the mini of her flier.—lto. M who wee celled egos to nasals the body et the his egiaka to be het the ilhOi was te M ISMS RIM grown, and hump bedlse reuses tars three he bh —lll4 well bsvihr rogogs/ wrW " istflOE tw hiershe diberehen they nues . the isty irks Omer net OW, ens erereisdefg T r , • wan the Welk. The jury, et the same their regret that they conk! rat, as explained to • f ,