The Express. — London, England, 1848-04-10 00:00:00

the erprelSlS. IIiAILS. , The mails for British North Aflleriell, and the United State% will be male up en** evening of the 13th April. The West India Mails, excluding Bermuda, Nassau, Havanna, Mondays.% New Orlens, Vera CYRIL, TRITIpe:O, and Porto Rion, and Including those for Nladeirs, Jaernel, Carthagena, Santa Martha, (agree, 1.:111.111111, Went Cunt of South America, and St, Jusa-do. Nicaragua, will be made up on theevening of the I;th Apriland.Gibraltar The malls for Vigo, Oporto, Lisbon, Madeira, Cadir, will be made up on the m ornin g of the Ittri April. The overland mails fa Gibraltar, Malta. Gmece, the elf Solonlaa Glen uthamp- da, !tapir. Aden, Ceylon, India , llong-Kong, and China, ton, will be made up on the morning of the 20th April. The o verland desist main, rid Marseille., to the Mediterranean, Fpypt, Aden, Ceylon, India. Hong-bong, Mo., will he made up on the evening of the 24th April. New The made for New south Wales, Can Dieman's Land, and Zealand will be made up an the evening of the 30th April. The malls for the West 'last of Africa and Madeira will be made up on the evening of the 30th Amu. The mails for the Brazils, the River Plate, Monte Video, Penna. biro. Bahia, Madeira, and Buenos Ayres, will be made up on the evening of the nth May. NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS The number 01 STAMPS issued by the authorities of the Stamp-office, during 1847, to the DAILY NEWS .......... 3,447,00 9 This, we believe, is within eight per cent. of the number Issued to the Morning Herald, Morning Chronicle, and Morning Post, ALL cur TOOETHB I L In addition to the ab..ve, issued to the DAILY NEWS, Morning Paper, there were issued for the Evening Edition, THE EXPRESS 778,714 Which was mnre, we believe, than were issued either to the Globe or Standard, Evening Paper+. TO CORRESPONDENTS. 6 ..• advent* mutts intended for " The Espretsr Load. evening pape. roost be at thesis.. in, Sonemestreet, bl`. o'clock Oa tV Say of WIWI WATER AT LOM DO7l 1111 LIGE. D•l—Siorsint, ma past ; Slternoos, LS min. L.. , . ,so.—Morntug. 7; kittfl.o4l. HI ULM PAW R. LONDON. MONDAY, APRIL 10. I TUE idea of a succesaful entente in the streets of London is, whether in the shape of hope or fear, about as preposterous and impossible as could seize hold of a weak mind. Such a thing has never been accomplished anywhere without the union of the middle and lower classes, and without sympathy between the occupiers of houses and the people in the streets. A barricade, for example, is impos sible to make, and utterly untenable when made, unless every window that overlooks it lends its aid, and acts as a flanking battery to keep off assailants. Nor, even, when middle and lower classes unite in resistance, is that resistance possible without fire arms, and without the knowledge and experience of their use. The republicans of Dublin seem well con tented to arm their followers with pikes ; and a certain number of chartists, who have stricken horror into the Times, have talked of arming them selves with sticks. But sticks and pikes, however they may facilitate mischief and murder, are utterly useless for an attack on military, and only expose the holders to certain slaughter : not only this, but the greater the numbers of such assailants, the more in effectual must be their efforts, and: the more terrible their destructii.n. The utmost that the most de termined London mob could effect, woulii be a riot. And a riot must prove so disastrous, not only to the perpetrators, but o the cause whica they put forward, that we can conceive none mad enough to indulge in it. We are, however, not left to conjecture on these matters, for there have been within the last month several attempts to get up meetings of the political mob of London. The ragamuffins bad their Trafalgar square demonstration, and Mr. REYNOLDS, the great man of the =timid conv ention, has aken the chair at another meeting on Kennington Common a short time back. Surely it was not against such demonstrations as these that the Home office has launched a prohibitory proclamation. What excited the government alarm, was no doubt the threat of chartist deputations from the country coming to swell the numbers, determination, and im portance of the Londoners of the same way of think ing. Now, so far from tearing or imagining that any auxiliary force of rioters or revolutionists could come up to London by rail, this mode of travelling would appear to guarantee a certain degree of means and prudence on the part of such visitors, quite =compatible with intentions of riot. Indeed, so fully are ore convinced of this, that the most strenuous upholders of the public peace in such a gathering. would be, in our opinion, these country visitors. There is a strong feeling in the manufacturing dis tricts of England, as there is throughout Ireland, that their sufferings, their wants, their wishes, their ideas and arguments, do not, as provincial, receive sufficient attention and appreciation in London, either from the public or the parliament. They certainly do not re ceive sufficient attention from the metropolitan press, which in general only becomes alive to provincial in terests and doings, when they rise in agitation and become menacing to the public peace. We, therefore, cannot but regart. this demonstration as in a great measure springing from a desire of the provincial chartists to come and parade their numbers and im portance in the streets of London, and in the square before Parliament-house. If the provincial sticklers for universal suffrage, who were to come by rail this morning, anticipated any gratification or advantage from the display of their persons, their flags, and their numbers, before the eyes of the Londoners, we regret exceedingly that the government did not find it safe to indulge them. For we are quite confident that the mutual recon naissance between town and country on the occasion would have been highly serviceable and instructive to both. The Examiner tins estimates the value of the lesson which would be given to the chartists : There is, of course, a differenee of opinion as to the policy of prohibiting as illegal the meeting appointed for Monday, after the ample prepirations made for preventing outbreak. It is thought by some that the comparison which would have been presented between the r rength of the chartists and the strength of the special constables and police would have been far from encouraging to the instigators of violence. The march of the chartists would be through a hostile city; and they would see, at every window and every guarded door, lowering looks of hostility. The great difference might thus have been suggested to them between the state of things in Paris, Vii ono, and Berlin, and that of London. The houses in the former capital. having been garrisons friendly to the populace, and aiding them against the troops, while in London all the vantage ground of the houses would be used against tbe disturbers of the peace. It is the occupation of the houses that makes the middle class so powerful in con flicts in towns, either on the side of the government, or against it, as the case may happen. Brick and mortar make the armour of the modern townsman. The chartists, over looking this important fact, would, in marching through the principal thoroughfares of London, in effect parade through the lion's mouth, wending their way between the double rows of teeth. Disiiiplined troops, supported by a part of the population, may tear against the disadvantage of houses held against them, showering down missiles or saely aimed shot; but mobs, however numerous, with both troops and bourgeoisie against them in the street., and exposed to as sault from the houses, weuld be quickly crushed sold utterly routed. The scowl of this gnat capital on its guard might certainly convey its salutary warning to the chartists. And we might r.dd that the numbers as well as the respectable mien and peaceful bearing of the provin cial chartists might have corrected the opinions so generally entertained by London citizens, and accre dited by the London press, that operatives are anar chists, and that provincial agitation was merely that of persons without either property or ideas, against the class possessed of both. This, however, is not a time to discuss or criticise the policy of government. Its members have thought it advisable to forbid the meeting and procession announced for to-day. And it is the duty of every honest Englishman, liberal or anti-liberal, to obey that prohibition. Whatever good might be hoped from that demonstration, cannot but turn to evil in the resolve to carry it out, against the injunctions and resistance of the authorities. Even to prove the go- vernment wrong would be slight advantage or conso lation to the =let determined democrat, when coun terbalanced Ly collision, bloodshed, and excesses. Criticise government and parliament, and the state of England beneath them as one may, it is impos sible to conceive improvement coming from violence. Whilst either the success or non-success of such at tempts must alike prove fatal to the liberties which we possess, and for the gradual development of which the constitution affords ample means and scope. Besides, if there were any good end to be obtained or great cause to be served by popular agitation, Eng land ought to uri4tcate this for itself, and obey at least its own impulse. It is beneath the character of Englishmen, aho have always been centuries before Frenchmen and continentals, to turn vile and sneak ing imitators of the rabble of other countries, enacting the part of second hand revolutionists, not so much impelled by their own grievances or convictions, as by mere contagion :,rd imitation. The movement which springs from the compressed liberties and em barrassed state of any one country is a natural effort to right itself, which is so far legitimate; but a populy sL vM ) , 1 movement, got up by the mere itch to be as valiant and as froward as our neighbours, and to imitate and follow those, who ha ve never done anything hitherto but follow us—a misbegotten revolution or riot like this, the child of vanity—can surely not be cd, onde scended to, much less perpetrated or attempteby Englishmen! This much to the people of the morement. Those brigaded for resistance will get counsel from more competent authorities. But as to the curious and the anxious, and to the immense majority not enrolled as constables, or sworn es revolutionists, we should say, clay at home. Serve the Game of peace and order by not even approaching a possible scene of turmoil. Although we do not look for any serious disturb ances in the course of the present day, it neverthe best less may , be useful to advert to the measures, judged and most advisable by experienced men, who have studied popular imeutes, for defeating and neutral ising their effects in populous cities. For this purpose, the reader will pardon our re verting to the events of the last six months in Paris. It is well known, that Louts Futures had for a long time previous to February had notice of an in t - t e ntion to excite a popular insurrection, if not agains himself, at least against his successor at the moment of his succession and of the demise of the Crown. The monarch applied, in consequence, to a well-known veteran o ffi cer, :Marshal GERARD, for a plan to prevent an Itneute. Marshal GERARD drew up one ; and had it been fully acted on, the KING of the Faerieit would probably have still been on his throne. The marshal advised, whenever an inseille was ex pected, to occupy the main points of each district with an armed force of national guards and of troops of the line, so as to render impossible the raising of a single barricade. The points were indicated, their modes of communication one with another specified, so that Paris would have been covered with an immense net work of a force, armed for order, beneath which thetur bulent population could not have stirred. In the districts where the wealthy and the mildie class predomi nated, national guards sufficed for the duty. In the more populous districts, the squares and open spaces were to be so many camps, the provisions for a supply of food and ammunition, were to be sufficient for several days. The peculiar habits of Londoners, and of an Eng lish population, render each precautions unnecessary and impossible. But the principle is to be marked, that every district provided for its own defence, that each citizen looked to the quiet and order of his own street and his own neighbourhood, and that crowds, even of the most orderly citizens, were not allowed to meet or muster, when each might, in his opinion, deem his presence was wanted. A mob of people must almost infallibly be defeated, provided they can be got to attack and to assume the offensi.e. This was all that BONAPARTE , required.' Ile managed so in the days of the sections, that the mob should be the attacking party, he, the general, standing on his defence. lie therefore finished the revolution at a blow, by what CARLYLE calls the " whiff of grape." Later French revolutionists learned by that lesson, and almost invariably stood on the defensive, till they had wearied out and de moralised the authorities and the troops, and then at the last moment rushed to triumph. To take from a mob, therefore, all chance of success, it should be de prived of all chance of getting or maintaining a de fensive position. Such was the recommendation of Marshal GERARD. THE Provisional Government of France has got an easy way of dealing with railroad companies or masters of large establishments. The workmen in these establishments refuse to work, and refuse to quit, nay, threaten to destroy. The companies apply to the government, which answers, that it cannot help them, and that all it can do is, to take the establish ment and its working into their own hands. There is no replying to such an argument, no resisting such an injunction. The company of the rail road between Paris and Orleans, the most flourishing in France, has just succumbed to these menaces and this necessity. The want of order and obedience in the workmen was rendering the railroad unpro fitable. And the workmen, no doubt, behave eo on pur pose. They preferred being government employes to being the day labourers of a company. The com pany meted wages by their profits. Government can 1 1 mete wages by the political and physical support which strong arms can give, if called upon. Then, in government employ there is hierarchy, the chance of rising, the possibility of retiring pensions, of gaining favour and promotion by other qualities than industrial capacity or activity. It easy to see that this system will gain ground, and that all labour that can become government employ will soon be so. Such a system renders, of course, all produce or manufactures for export no longer prac tcable, unless the commodities be such as France has '1 the monopoly of producing, such as wines. It, at the same time, must raise the price of all commodities for the owner of land, on whom moreover a much greater proportion of taxation falling by the suppres sion of private industry, he must raise the price of his produce, or produce less. The inevitable result in the establishment of a strong prohibitive system, of con sequent contrabandism, of difficulty of livelihood, de preciation of property, and genetal impoverishment, is too evident. The Provisional Government is, however, most anxious to escape these consequences, and fall short of their lengths. Thus M. Louis BLANC was most anxious that, whenever any of the great railroads lapsed to the state, in the way that the Orleans line has done, he should be allowed to administer it. M. GARNIEN PAGES, however, put in his claim, for he too is a convert to communist ideas. The majority of the Provisional Government has, however, refused to ive up the newly acquired ra ilroad to either M. Louis BLANC or M. GARNIER PAGES, but has en trusted its working to M. MARIE, Minister of Public Works. This modest arrangement was necessitated by the impossibility of finding funds in any way for the purchase of the railroad of the company. The lowest calculation of the sum required for the purchase of the railroad would be from forty to fifty millions of rentes at five per cent. And even this would be in flicting a loss of fifty per cent. upon the companies, the five per cents. having been sold at fifty. To avoid this, as well as the consequence of loading the public debt of France with another milliard, the go vernment have imagined to create a new kind of stock, to be called boos de chemin de fer, and Lord Nort- MANDY has been asked his opinion on the subject. These boos would bear 4 per cent. per annum, hy pothecated on the receipts of the railroads. It would certainly be severe enough upon railroad proprietors to be assigned a maximum of 4 per cent, when perhaps some of them had bought shares at nearly three times the original price (the holders of Orleans, for example). But there is at least one ad vantage in the scheme, which is, that if it fails, and the country rights, the companies may more easily get back their property. It is, indeed, most unlikely that the railroads of France would vive any profit in the hands of go vernment. The necessary consequence of their pas sing into the hands of the state would be the raising the salaries and lowering the tariff. The expense of traction on the Orleans line had already increased in 1847 over 1816 from 1 franc 20 centimes to 1 franc 73 centimes per kilometre and per train. If this has produced more diminished profits, the administration by the state would soon annihilate them. Such plans and difficulties if they paralyse the old lines, of coo. se preclude all idea of new ones. It must be mortify ing to France to find the revolution come at a time when the Germans had almost completed their great strategic lines, and when France had scarcely com menced those destined t.) unite its metropolis with the Rhone and the Rhine. FRANCE. PARIS, $ kTURDAT, G, I sent you yesterday the balance sheet of the Bank of France. One thing at once strikes the mind on considering it. It is the diminution of the bills discounted within the week. In the balance sheet of 30th March they amounted to 245,766,000 francs: in the last they only amount to 218,554,000; a reduction of r millions in one week. Whence can this difference arise ? Have the necessities of commerce decreased ? It is not probable. It is much more rational to attri bute the diminution to this fact that the Bank has, in truth, attained, and even exceeded, the maximum of 330 millions allowed for its issues. The Bank can issue no more bills; whence it follows that its means of discount are paralysed, and that it is obliged to wait the payment of bills already discounted, a pay- THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, APRIL 10, 18 tB. went which we shall presently see is not invariably made. If we look at the amount of bank notes in circulation we shall see : Bank notes of Bank of Prance Ditto Broach banks If to this be added the 50 millions lent to the state we shall find the limit that the decree of the Provi sional Government has imposed on the Bank. Thus the Bank can issue no more. The account current of the Treasury has been considerably reduced, from 58 millions to 49. I have said that the payment of bills was not too regularly made. In verification of this it will be seen that Tbe unpaid bills amount to 19,805,499 Dishonoutedbille 7,143,579 of Italy. We have rcceived the Madrid mails of the 3rd instant with the letters of our correspondent, who says: "The 2nd rising fixed for yesterday (Sunday again) did not come off, although the weather cleared towards the evening. In fact, the prearations of the govern ment, which of course was not ignoraat of what was known to all the world, were on too for midable a scale to b bearded by the scanty remnant of the barricade men, and their new adherents, if any, during the week." LOMBARDL—Letters from Turin of the 4th say that a decisive cngagem nt was expected to take place on that day between the Austrians, under Ita detski, and the combined troops and volunteers. The place of the engagement would probably be near Castedenoto, where the Austrians were encamped on the line of Caleinadelb. But if the engagement was postponed later, it would probably take place under the walls of Verona. The Provisional Government of Venice had marched all its disposable troops to Verona, and had placed at the disposition of the combined Italian army a great quantity of cannon, muskets, and munitions of war, with which the arsenal of Venice is so amply provided. Letters have been received from Pavia, dated on the morning of the 6th inst. The writer says, that the Austrian troops in that neighbourhood seem to have melted away without any apparent struggle or resolution. The peasants, says he, track them like so many foxes. They opened the sluices of a canal on a party of them, 700 of whom capitulated, the rest being drowned. ROMAN STATES.—Advices continue to arrive from the Roman states. The Austrian ambassador ob tained his passport, and left Rome on the 30th ult. According to a letter in the P•itria of Florence, the Jesuits at Rome have been dispersed. The civic guard having declared that it would not be respon sible for their protection, the Pope, at the advt , e of the minister Galetti, ordered their immediate diaper- 26,949,0(.8 frmes. Last week these bills amounted to 15,890,000 fr. This is then an increase of more than 11 millions, and that in one week. The coin and ingots have decreased to 53 millions, but this is to be attributed to the mea sure, wise and necessary, of giving cash to masters in exchange for banknotes for the payment of work men's wages. The state of the currency is b.coming worse and worse, and families now can only satisfy the demands of their smaller tradespeople by purchasing silver at the money changers. The 100 franc notes from which so much convenience was expected, have already vanished from circulation. They cannot be obtained to-day either at private bankers or at the Bank of France. Silver, of course, is out of the question. Neither the one place nor the other will pay in any quantity largo or small. Private bankers cannot or will not pay cheques for less than 500 francs. Bills on London and elsewhere, when sold, arc paid for in paper, and not in silver, or, if in silver, they would be below par. A report floated about this morning that the go vernment would be unable to go on for more than ten or twelve days without corning to a bankruptcy. This report gained credit as the day advanced, and is now generally believed. Such will probably be the catas trophe in which the present financial and political crisis will issue. A meeting of holders of bons of the Orleans' . Railway took place yesterday, and received the report of the committee appointed to confer with the direc tors. Two propositions had been submitted to the holders. One that the bons should be reimbursed — viz., 10 per cent. in cash and 00 per cent. in old bonds, repsyabla at 1250, and which should be delivered to the holders at 800, bearing interest at .39 francs a year. The other that they should be reimbursed at 10 per I cent. cash and 90 per cent. in two years by quarterly payments with interest at 5 per cent. This latter was favourably received, but as all the holders were not in attendance another meeting will take place to decide on it. The company offers to grant to the holders of bons and bonds a priority of claim on the future interest and dividends of shares. M. Achille Fould has addressed a letter to the journals denying that he has been charged with any task of preparing a financial plan for the government. Repairs have been commenced at the chateau of the Tuileries of the damages done on the 24th of February; they are estimated to cost for the common reparation only about 30,000 francs. L' Union of to-day says, "An envoy from the Pro visional Government of Milan is expected today in Paris." The circular of M. Lcdru Rollin to the government commissaries forms the leading topic of comment in all the Paris journals of to-day. " The quantity of plate taken to the Mint to be ex changed for money," says the Moniteur do Soir, " is daily increasing. These operations, which had fallen from 200,000 to 110,000, and even 100,000 francs a day, have again risen to 200,000 francs. There are daily struck at the Mint 120,000 pieces of 3 franca, or 600,000 francs in amount." sion. Official intelligence had been received that the Austrian troops in the fortress of Commachio had capitulated, receiving a month's pay and being allowed to retain their side arms. They embarked on the I'o for Fiume. In the fortress were found 1,500 muskets and 24 pieces of artillery. LounAnpv.—The Austrian garrison of Padua and Vicenza have fallen back upon the main body of the army, which amounts to 40,000 men, and which, with the a•sistance of the Tyrokse, seems in, lined to give battle at 'Amato. The general quarters of the Picdmontese army are at Creniona. - At Venice, there have been great rejoicings for the rapture of a steam-vessel belonging to the Austrian Lloyd's. The fort of Commachio is fallen into the power of the volunteers of Itavenna, who took possession of 27 cannons and abundance of arms and ammunition. The fort of Ferrara has not yet surrendered, but is blockaded by 4,000 Romans and the national guard of Ferrara. MILAN, Aram 3 (Evexiso). A courier, just arrived from Brescia, brings the news, that the body of l'iedmontese troops have put to flight a strong detachment of Austrian cavalry, near the bridge of St. Mark, on the Chiesa, were they were on guard. The Austrians, before they fled, fired a mine placed under the bridge, and thus prevented all pursuit. Charles Albert was last evening at Cremona. Letters from Naples announce that King Ferdinand has offered to pass to Leghorn the Neapolitan vo lunteers who wished to go to the assistance of the Lombards, and has given them an auxiliary body of engineers and artillery. King Ferdinand has de mand(cl of the Pope that this body be allowed to pass through the papal states, is order to enter Tuscany, and be ready to act in case of events. Six hundred men of Brescia have penetrated into the valleys of the Tyrol, to foment insurrection. CREMONA, General-quarters, April 3. The Sardinian army is Bill of ardour. The Austrian army continues to excite the hatred of the population, by exactions of all kinds. At Mantua a contribution of several millions (of florins) have been raised. SAVOY.—The strangers who were among the pri soners made by the population of Chambery, have been sent home. The subjects of Savoy have been sent into their respective provinces. The chiefs arc kept prisoners until their trial. rey,sard, who had been named mayor of the town, has made a complete confession. to go to Africa; but, one earing the news of the re- the first sig of the parliament of Sicily, which fusel of General Cavaige, he re•embarked and re- took place on Saturday last, were conducted with the turned to Paris. greatest order. Lord Minto and the officers of the We learn fromTonlon, on the 4th of April, that the British squadron were p!esent. Our ministry has been 'yditerranean squadron has received orders to pre- reformed, Prince Cariati remaining at the head of the to put to sea. It will mail immediately after the Foreign department, and General Win. Pepe just and will, it is supposed, cruise on the coast arriving in time to become Minister of War. 'The only impolite, if not impolitic, act of our files chaudes was knocking down the arms at the Austrian lega tion. Prince Schwartzenberg took his departure next day. Mehemet Ali, finding himself little improved in health, and agitated by the recent political changes in Europe, resolved to return to Egypt. The Fiench steamer Alexandre took his highness, and the Odin Ibrahim Pacha." ROME.—The passports of the Austrian ambas sador were delivered on the 30th March. lie was to quit home on that day. _ _ GERMANY. CHANGE OF THE AUSTRIAN MINISTRY.— EPENDENCE OF HUNGARY. PRUSSIA.—We have received our Berlin corre spondent's letters of the sth and 6th, together with the Prussian and other German journals. The follow ing are the letters of our corresponde EßL nt : BIN, Aram 5. The presentation, yesterday, in the Diet, of a pro , ject of law for raising supplies either through an in crease of the taxes or through a loan, has caused dis -1 satisfaction in numerous quarters ; not that the necessity for such a demand is contested—on the con trary, it is fully admitted, but that the Diet, in its present form, is not competent to discuss such ques tions. It is urged that it would have been better for ministers to raise supplies on their own responsibility and afterwards to seek a bill for indemnity. In the Diet this day the discussion chiefly turned on two points: the disturbances prevailing in various parts of the monarchy, and the national reorganisation of the duchy of Posen. With respect to the former, it is merely necessary to state that several members , of the government that energetic measures was promised—viz., the effecting it in a legal and pacific way. The jant commission had done manifest hereat.er. w T e d he b e sproject election l l a a w p w u w t w a a s h stop i n e e h x di a sc s use no io w n. ago was adopted with a few modifications of a more popular nature; universal suffrage is now the law of this kingdom. Moreover, a clause was passed by which a deputy (Slellvertreter) will be elected for each member of the Diet (to attend when the latter is unable to do so), and candidates were next t bruit forwarded4s u c h tanarchy under afew days exists in certain parts, and that the military had orders to act with the civic authorities. It was stated also that government was doing all in i.e power to alle viate the condition of the working classes ; that they had replaced as much as possible the indirect duty on flour and on meat by class taxation, and that the woraing classes had confidence in ministers. The second question, that of the national reorgani sation of the duchy of Posen, is deserving of more at tention. The Minister of the Interior replied that the Poles had not fulfilled the condition on which the reorgan isationtheir duty, and the fruits of their labours would be declared eligible for any part of the kingdom, instead of, as originally proposed, for their own districts alone. Commercial and monetary affairs continue to be extremely depressed. All confidence has vanished. Even the best bills on London cannot be discounted or negotiated ; and I was informed this day, by one of the most eminent bankers of this city, that no one can tell what may happen iu a fortnight or so. Parties desirous of drawing on London, even with the understanding that they will not require the money until it has been duly ascertained that the drafts have not only been accepted but paid in the above city, cannot get accommodation. I forward you the names of two eminent bankers (Mr. Riley and Herr Schin dler, the latter Coutts's correspondent), who have declined to give the required accommodation even on those terms. The accounts from Westphalia are alarming in the extreme. All is complete anarchy there. Popular tribunals are erected, before which persons in autho rity are summoned or conducted, and by which they are not unfrequently deposed from their office. The rich Jews and nobles are the chief victim, of popular vengeance. On the 29th ult. the Polish committee of Posen issued their grand manifesto, which has been very extensively circulated in this capital. Referring to the proclamation of the German committee of the 26th ult., they state that in that proclamation they miss the spirit of fraternity, and remark an insinua tion to the effect that the Poles are not yet ripe for liberty. The proclamation proceeds to state that during the last 80 years no people has made more constant efforts than the Poles to obtain liberty, or have furnished so many victims in its cause. The Polish committee very warmly condemns the excesses committed by some Poles, and promises to take speedy steps to put a stop to such proceedings. BEItLIN, Arum 6. Considerable excitement has been observable all this day amongst the working classes. The day labourers have struck, and exercised some violence towards their comrades who perform their work by contract. About eight this evening numerous groups assembled in front of the palace, and warmly discussed the raising of wages and the shortening of the hours of labour. About that time, also, the burgher guard made their appearance in cons derable numbers, and took up their station in the great courtyard of the above edifice. The journeymen tailors have also made some hostile demonstrations against the " ready- made" shops. It is feared that there will be some attempt to create disturbances to-night. At a popular meeting last night, an address to the King was agreed to in favour of direct election. General Aschoff has been chosen commander-in chief of the civic guard. Government is about to come to the aid of the Royal Prussian Bank. A deputation of Polish peasantry has waited on the I Minister of the Interior in order to state that they are desirous of remaining under German sway, and that they shall take no part with the Polish nobles in their present movement. Another Polish deputation from Merseburg has petitioned the above minister to abo lish all existing feudal dues which press heavily on the land.:,The ministry are in the daily receipt of I addresses from the German inhabitants of the duchy lof Posen. A German deputation at present in Berlin 1 has urged mini-tars to declare that the province of Posen shall not be separated from the Prussian state ; that the new institutions shall preserve the nationality of the Poles as well as of the Germans, and secure the religious freedom of all parties ; that all the pro- ceedings of the national or Polish committee are ille gal ; that the reorganisation committee shall be dis solved, and only re-appointed when tranquillity is restored in the province. Ministers are recommended also to nominate a royel commissioner for the resto ration of order ; to reinstate the deposed authorities ; to call out the entire Landwehr of the province ; and to station troops in the various towns. Things, how ever, have gone too far to admit of a reaction on so arge a scale, and it is more likely that some effective steps will be shortly taken by the Prussian govern ment to promote the national independence of those parts of the grand duchy where the Polish races pre dominate. Any retrograde step would be the signal for a sanguinary contest. It has been officially ascertained that the number of ' Russian troops on the frontiers of Poland and Prue sia is almost daily increased, and that they have drawn nearer to the territory of the latter. Much apprehension on that score prevails in Konigsberg and throughout the province generally. It is now certain that a great number of Prussian troops will be placed along the frontiers. The Berliner Zeitunye-Halle, of this evening, con tains several accounts of the present state of Ibsen. It is stated in one, that military violence prevails to a very great extent, and that 20,000 troops have been concentrated in Posen itself, or the vicinity. It ap pears by the same journal that the notaries arc the only busy people, and their employment consists in protesting bills of exchange. The Polish committee have thrown open the chase and the fisheries to all persons indiscriminately. The garrison of Posen in cludes now 10,000 infantry and 4,000 cavalry, with a good supply of artillery. Meantime, the organieation of a Polish national army is rapidly proceeding. All kinds of weapons are distributed amongst the volun taries, and it is openly asserted that all these prepara tions on the part of tho Poles have iii view the enabling them "to lead an army awaited Ruesia, the enemy of all free nations." The Schlesische Zeittilly (Breslau), of yesterday, eon- LATEST FROM PARIS, PARIS, SUNDAY, 10i A.W. At a session of the Provisional Government, held last evening, the disgraceful crusade against toreign labourers and artizans resident in France formed a subject of discussion, and the result was a decree, which appears in the journals this morning, and which redeems the character of the government from the stigma of conniving at the detestable system of persecution which has been for some time practised, and which one member of the government, at least, had in some measure sanctioned. The Provisional Government has as yet come to no decision with respect to the railways. Great distrust, however, prevails among the holders of shares, and a general apprehension is felt that a compulsory men sane will be adopted, by which all the lines of railway will be taken into the hands of the state. This im pression produced yesterday at the Bourse sales of railway shares to a considerable extent, and purchases into the Threes and the Fives, in short, an exchange of railway shares for government stock. A strange fact appeared in the evening journals last night, and I am enabled, from private information, not only to confirm it, but to supple additional authentic particulars. It a pp ears that Lord- Brougham, who is now, or was yesterday, at Paris, at Meurice's Hotel, has addressed en application to the Provisional Government for letters of naturalisation as a French citizen. lam informed that no direct answer has been given to this, but that the govern ment has intimated that such a measure could noes , eerily strip Lord Brougham in France of his title and Irank of nobility, and reduce him to mere " Citoyen Brougham." Of this Lord Brougham was, of course, as well aware as the members of the l'rovisional Government could be, and such an answer, if Fiven in these terms, was merely evasive. It is added in the journals of last evening that Lord Brougham intends to be a candidate for the national assembly. I have not, however, learned any thing to confirm this statement. I have good authority for saying that the recent circular of M. Ledrn Rollin, which has excited such severe comments, and so much indignation, was not, like the first circular of that minister, his own individual act, independently of the other members of the government. It was, on the contrary, discussed in council, and adopted by the government generally. The Archbishop of Paris, on a recent eh-it to cne of the ministers, mentioned that the clergy of his diocese were generally favourable to the republic. The number of operatives inscribed in the national workshops to yesterday was 45,000. New enrolments were announced for Monday. The average wages per head per day allowed to these is two francs, which makes a total at present of 00,000 francs, or 3,600/. a day in Paris alone. These expenses bear at present on the budgets of the departments of War and Public Works, but chiefly on the latter, the resources of which are already exhausted. A credit, theretore, of three millions has been opened to the Minister of Public Works for this purpose. - - TeRKEY.—We have received a letter from our cor respondent at Constantinople, dated 2nd ult. The Porte had decided, in spite of the threats and solicita tions of Russia and Aus'ria, to adopt, with regard to the French Republic, the same course as has been and shall be pursued by the British government. PARIS, SUNDAY, 5 r.. 1. I Nothing can be more disastrous than the relations ' produced between labour and ca p ital here by the des potic power at present exercised by the former and the almost utter helplessness of the latter. Operatives dictate their terms ; employers have no alternatives but to yield or to suspend business • and so metimes not even that , for it not unfrequently oc curs that the operatives will not permit even the suspension of business by employers unwill ing to pay wages that will leave no pro fits. I have within my immediate knowledge the case of an extensive employer, whose workshops are kept under the gaard of his workmen. A sentinel stands at the door night and day, and neither the owner nor his representative is allowed to enter. The operatives name their terms, that is to say, the num ber of hours daily during which the shops are to be kept open, and the amount of the daily wages re ceivable by them. From this demand there is no appeal. The em ployers in the case I allude to have brought thee cir cumstances before the Provisional Government, but without even the the faintest hope of redresl. The matter will be referred to M. Louis Blanc, who can not and dare not do anything but ratify the demands of the operatives. We have already announced that, after the nomi nation of General Cavaignac to the ministry of war. General Changarnier was named Governor-general of Algiers. General Changarnier embarked at Toulon ITALY. LOMBARDY.—Our advices from Milan are to the evening of the 2nd inst. On that evening the Pro visional Government announced in a bulletin the fol- lowing news: We learn that six boats laden with grain for the Austrians hove been taken on the Po. It is said a bolt laden with money has also been taken, The council of war of Brescia have an nounced that the Austrian troops have fallen back on Dexsarino and Peachera. Two hundred Bergamasques, well armed, have come into Brescia, and have joined the corps francs already assembled there. A new reinforcemer t of a eoris of Piedmontese lancers, escorting three pieces of cannon, is before Brescia, and General Bea entered yesterday with his troops. Five hundred men from Pavia were on March 31 at Borghesto, and April 1 at blignolo, led by the Count 13isearetti, commandant under the Duke of Savoy. The enemies troops before Mantua are not more than 10,000 strong. The movement is spreading in the Frioul. A letter from Udine announces that the people, after having beaten the garrison, had taken possession of the forts of Palmonoros and Osopo, and all the materials of war. The 22nd March the republic had been proclaimed, and a civic guard organised, The 27th they arrested and disarmed 2,0 t 0 Croatians and 1,00 Guiana and Dragoons, who bad abandoned their horses. Another letter from Me vignano says that a troop of 10,000 people of the country had been organised to stop the passage of 3,000 Croatians and 500 horsemen, who had capitulated at Treviso and Ceneg liano. and who, driven from these two cities, had been obliged to bivouac in the open country at two mile. on the road to Palma. 12,000 men, commanded by Father B t roaldi, and having at their head four Capuchin friars, left radically the Montebello road, and marched to the succour of Mantua. The Austrians are concentrated near Verona, because the Italian Tyrol cuts off their retreat.—Signed by order of the Provisional Government, BnooLio. Letters from Milan of let April say, the Provisional Government has sent a deputation to Charles Albert at Lodi, to present him an address, from which we 1 1 extract the following: — Italy and Europe regard you, sire. You have given an example hitherto unseen in coming to our aid without con ditions, in the name of national fraternity, to consecrate your 'word to the defence of justice and right. You have shown yourself worthy of the sentiments of Pius IX , the first promoter of Italian liberty and :ndep. ndenee. The Provisional Government of Venice has sent a note to the government of Milan, in which it declares that Venice intends to unite itself to the state of Lom bardy, accepting in advance the form of government, either monarchical or republican, which the latter might think right to adopt. The French Minister of Foreign Affairs had re ceived yesterday, by telegraph, from the French consul at Leghorn, a despatch, announcing that all Dalmatia, the Frioul, and the Tyrol (Italian), had given their adhesion to the Venetian republic. TUSCANI.—The address presented by the people of Fivizzano to the Grand-Duke of 'I ascany has already been given. The following proclamation and ordonnance show with what impatience that distr i ct bore the violence that had lately been committed against its nationality, and with what facility the revolution has been accomplished, by which it has re united Tuscany: NAPLES AND SICILY.—The president ot the Sicilian parliament in his opening speech, after giving a brief history of the insurrection, says, that the com mittee general had applied to the British Ambassador for a guarantee by his presence of ell the liberties that Sicily could obtain in the negotiation. The com mittee had acted wisely, for the Neapolitan govern ment sought the mediation ot Lord Minto, who in formed the committee that he considered the bases of an arrangement should be—on the one side, the unity of the crown, and on the other, all the guarantees ' that could secure the constitution and the independ enc.:, of Sicily. After long discussions, these two principles were adopted in the articles proposed. These articles were rejected by the King, who has protested against all acts which shall be done in Sicily. The committee has replied by calling this parliament. A letter, dated Naples, 31st ultimo, published in Galignanes Messenger, says " The deliberations in tains news from that place up to the 4th instant, and from Posen up to the 2nd. The halt of the wine tax has been taken off throughout the eutire province of Silesia. Business is at a complete stand still, and no peccniary accommodation can be hsd on any t erm; even on the most valuable deposits, such as jewels and the precious metals. Stettin and Swinemunde are being put in li co rn . plete state of defence. Both chambers in Hanover voted unanitnouslv, on the 4th instant, the bill sanctioning the liberty Cl th e press. 1 The authorities in the Bromberg district have ds. Glared that the acts of the present g overn ment am null and void, because the King was not a free &gest in Berlin. AUSTRIA.—We have dates front Vienna to the 4th. According to a Vienna correspondence of th e e date, published in the Zeitungs-llalle of the 6:11, . tria has resolved to declare its Italian posseesions lli' . dependent, after having received a suitable pecuniary indemnity, and entered into a favourible commercia treaty. Whether Austria means to do so or not, it has peaceful intentions towards Lombardy, f r p r y nwisetd of t commissioner, ea. Finance, (cant posals of peace have been transmitted through the medium of an extrao ,an r th d d i nary Montecuculi, who left Vienna fur that purpose on the 2beendn., atß arhiosnowKnubeedemk succeeded by Baron von Krauss. Count Kolowrat has resigned the provisiotal dim. lion of the council of ministers, and Count Fiquel. mont, Interim Minister of Foreign Affairs, has b een named to replace him. Mai sisal Fanim is to b e Minister of \Var. To complete these changte, we learn that Archduke L nes has decidedly retiree, and that Archduke John has taken the direction al affairs. The Sardinian ambassador had received le e passport. The Vienna Gazette says, that in come:pence of the change in the organisation of the ministry, the council of state is no longer needed, and his Majesty has therefore determined to dispense with it for the future ; but, in recompense for the services done to the state by its member, Le has determined I to grant them situations which will not interfere with the constitutional working of the cabinet council. A deputation, headed by l'rofeesor llye, waited on the ev, ning of the Ist inst. on the minister, Von pa. leredorf, to express the general dissatisfaction of the people with the new law relative to the press, anew request him to reconsider its most exceptionable pro- visions. The minister excused the imperfection at the law ou the ground of haste, and promised to refer it to a committee, with a view to modification. Volunteers are offering themselves for the campaign in Italy, and the 1 lungarian Diet has placed 10,000 I men at the Emperor's disposal. 1 1 Business in the Austrian capital is at a stand still, and the number of unemployed operatives is hourly increasing. The government has given notice that the last loan of 1817 is suspended—that is,the Malone will not make any further payment:. on it. On the end, a troop of students were preparing t o go to salute the German flag, which had been planted on the tower of St. Stephen's. On their way they stopped at the Hofburg, where the emperor Kimmel at a balcony, with the German flag in his hands, and was received with enthusiasm. On the 3rd, the emperor received the deputation of the kingdom of Bohemia, which presented the follow. ing demands:—The indissoluble union of all the countries of the clown of Bohemia ; the guarantee of their union with Austria ; equality of Germane and Bohemians; a national representation on the widest foundation ; a special ministry at Prague ; a national guard to be organised, and its armament granted; reform of the university ; and all the authorities, civil and military, to take the oath to the constitution. A deputation from Croatia had made nearly the tame demands. They ask the union of Croatia, Scloonie, Dalmatia, and the Military Frontier prosiness (Militar Uranze) ; an independent ministry; eta vocation of the Diet for the Ist of May; an annual Diet, to sit alternately at Agrem, E s segg, Zara, . and Fiume ; equality of taxes; euppreseion of customs between the divers parts of the kingdom; suppression of eere'es, and &be - Mk:eel celibacy. The answers to their demands are not yet known. Bohemia is evidently not satisfied even with the concessions already granted to it. Meanwhile mew sacs have been taken in a cabinet council, held on the 31st, to re-organise the kingdom of Bohemia. Archduke Albert has resigned the command of the troops of lower Austria. Notwithstanding the peaceable intentions shown in the sending of Monte cuculi to Lombardy, the movement of troops towards those provinces continued. The whole of the garrison of Vienna was ready to march to Italy, and the nee auxiliary corps was to concentrate under the ooze mand of Count Nugent, near Gertz, the centre of operation being Venice. 10,000 troops, under Victor, had already marched to Udine. From Hungary we have the most startling inten ligence. The Berlin Zeitungs-Halle, of the Gth, as nounces, in a correspondence from Pesth, dated the 31st, that Hungary declares herself independent, and that Archduke Stephen had been chosen king. A feeling of strong discoteent had long ex isted at Pratte which has at last shown itself. At Pressburg, from which we have dates to the 2ad, this announcement seems not to have been known. The Archduke Stephen had returned on the :Het to Prose burg, with the decree containing the retractation of the royal resolution respecting the independence of the Hungarian ministry. All the meruh , rs of the Diet assembled to meet him on the bottle' s of the river, and in the evening he announced the happy event in the Diet. The greatest joy prevailed, and Pressburg was illuminated. On the evening of the next day s deputation from the Diet waited on the Archduke, to thank him in the name of the nation for the boon he had obtained for them. From Botzen, in Tyrol, we learn, under date the 30th of March, that the citadel had yielded to the Provisional Government. HESSE-DARNISTAIA. The following is the letter of a correspondent from 'Alayenco MAYENCE, Aram 7. We have just had here what would he called ca the other side of your Channel e a great day for Ire- land." At three o'clock yesterday a mob of several thousands mustered on the bridge of boats that spine the Rhine, and having effected a passage without per meat of the usual government toll , they proceeded de• liberately to break up and demol:el the first three miles of the railway which connects the great empo rium of Frankfort with the gnat liquid highway of Germany. They then set fire .0 the station-home , and having duly celebrated their eelele exploit with an appropriate quantum of ehoutize azd drink, they returned in disorderly masses to le az• defraudiese the toltkeeper of the bridge as Is tee:. 'fteadreds them . passed under the windows ::ci. carryie4. in triumph the rails of the iro. t*.e: line see vociferating vengearter ageing reset..mee :1 all son. This sounds very die:ea-dem .7. F to have originated the peettene n4von. men talists and emplace? , thee ff...• von ens. directe= and they gutted cast eremmit foe hew,. : : :ntract.xs for public works ar.d master heeee.e. :am they conceived nut to hio e gwen eaffeee: weeees or em ployed sufficient hands. There a la this frontier town of 13,000 men. half Proseare. and ha Austrians, according to an art.e:e the treaty ed Vienna. The governor, Prince of lerees'.a. is absent just floor, but his lieutenant-genera:. Hoer, when applied to for a corporal's guard. which would have been enough to keep the bndge and sere the Frank' fort Railway, said he did net ctdlc with the squabbles of townsfolk, vc, "4.V...018, and they might settle their differences Ainslie themselves: his duty was to keep garrison in Mayence for the King." The fact is, Prussia feels herself e r weak in the Rhenish provinces that she dare not oth ad the mob. I and this they know well and set aceoraingly. To' day they have taken a new whim int., their heads. Numbers used to be employed with their horses is towing barges up the river before steam-tugs were introduced. The word has been passed down the Rhine that steam power will be no longer permitted to supersede horse power in this drudgery, aed cordingly at Neuville, a little town shore Coblene, upwards of a hundred men with two ph (vs of cannon took their station on a small Leland to-dae, and on the approach of a steam-tag dragging t'oer merchant shqu up the stream, they gave warning by s houts and discharge of musketry, that they would not s ti ff, the convoy to pass, but would sink the ainpfschiff.d_ Ohl , attempted to pass their Dardanelles. I e . aw ta! eliapfullen steamer drop her anchor in the 'three, ape' the trews of the barges looking very blue at ale utter etoppitge of their trade : what will be the eons.; quoins to commerce along this great thorOaettan P F' s outhe! to anw The Fronk' town leave tl r :r i u r :: ___ on th and who with tions Diet been gover on sboul natioi r esole adopt D.et co ri)c of Sc DE has Dani!