The Express. — London, England, 1852-01-19 00:00:00

Slte era rest. TO C(; lOMSPON DENTS. • Word Mafia et" TM Eaprome." aistrarliti the raw erre. . 6 006164 Y pirlainind seer) Ta.r.t.y red Vrriar *VW. u u•-• M pot. Admtlermitolatsede4 tar "Tle Erproas," treks rret+si paper, omit M.t Yr. Oder. Iv, broverwarrrt. )ry Tar u'ae..in re the Is, of rablismain. HlOll WATER AT LuNDON BRIDGE TS,. WA min.:. I) , 11 N. .......Atteralm, N. Ws. Tll.lllOllllO. 1111 Ita.—.......Allersesa. 42k. LONDON, MONDAY, JANUARY 19. Ir is now understood that the government are going to ask parliament to authorise an increase of our military forte. 'this intention was first dis coverable in the tone assumed by the Time., and after wards followed up by the ministerial Wu&'. We aro to be frightened well tine, and are then to be asked to put Our hands into our pockets to pay fur more soldiers. We can only rep at what we said in reply to the first article of Ames on the same subject, which is—that the people of England are entitled to ask for the inviter expenditure of the money already voted before they an: required to submit to the sum total being iacreased. We want Army Reform before we are asked to pay for Army Extension. To fortify London, us Loots-Prins eve fortified Paris, would be a monstrous absurdity; and yet we already have government organs preaching about the Ik-fenceless condition of the usetrepilis, and hinting that armed posts should be established between it and the must. Our real defences are beyond the must. They are ships in the channel. Our present regular military and naval force is ample. if properly- disposed and thoroughly reformed. And if this he done, enough will have been *mom. plished. Unless, indeed, any real danger should arise, and then Englishmen will be ready enough again -as they ever have been ready—to risk wealth and life in the righteous cause of national defence. If uur ships, especially steam ships, of war were brought from foreign stations—such as the Tagus, Where they are waelors,—and were kept in ports along the coast , or cruising in the channel, we should have little need for more foree for our protection than the urgency of any impending danger would instantly secure. England must be made safe from invasion, but, do not let designing and interested man, under a false plea, make our military system simply more cumbrous and more costly. when they pretend only to be making it more efficient. The exaggerated fears of invasion, and the still more exaggerated ideas of the precautions neces sary for meeting these anticipated invasions, have ever hitherto ended be turning the whole question into ridicule. One Aim of alarmists have talked of enormous armies, with whole parks of artillery, making a descent at some comfortable water ing place, and after a pleasant march through Kent, taking up their summer quarters in London. These ideas and fears have arisen doubtless from the fact that this :mow has been more than once canvassed by our neighbours on the other side of the channel, and though i: might be thought that NAPOLEON'S failure would have taught theta a Iceman not hastily to be forgotten. yet BNAPARTE. and Boulogne. are overlooked. It is but the other day that a pamphlet on the subject was published by a Captain DL SELLON, of the Engineers, in which he quttely invades England with some hundred thou sand men and tire hundred guns, and of course drives the unfortunate natives into the Irish Chan nel. But though such works are very well as military studies, eet to reduce their contents to prac tice is quite another affair. The expense of suck an expedition would be enormous, and the chances enormously against it; iu fact, such an operation is more full of peril to those on the offensive than to those on the defensive. _ _ It is not a great invasion of England that the timid may fear. The only point of doubt is whether this country is assailable. That it may be vulnerable since the invention of steam seems probable, but only to such attacks as our existing forces, if properly handled. arc amply sufficient to meet. The Duke of %VI:LIAM:TON endeavoured to int- press on the government his opinion. "We , are in fact assailable," he writes, " and at least , liable to insult, and to have contributions levied upon us, on all ports of oar meets, that is, the coasts of these , islands, including the Channel isles, which till this , time, from the period of the Norman conquest, have lever betu euccessfuily invaded." It is difficult to believe that this statement could grow into the awful disclosures contained in Sir Fut:vets /IV '2l work, and that the need for arming a few coast bat- , belies could be straightway turned into a necessity fur fortirving a city like London—as if our citizens bad nothing to du but play at soldiers, like national pareLi The question to be decided—if additional defence should ever be required to meet additional dangers— is how these defences should be secured with the greatest advantage, without their becoming a burden to the nation. VI hen, in 17914, Mr. Secretary I.)eseisis moved fur leave to bring forward the goveniment bill on the national defences, he quaintly stated, amongst other matters, that it had become necessary in particular districts to erect covers fur batteries, and to raise works in critical situations, but where these positions were- he found it impossible to point out. Happily, we are very differently situated. There is nut a point e.n our coasts the exact de fensive qualities of which are not perfectly laid down in the Ordnance survey. The go vernment is aware of every locality which requires strengthening, and our present engineer officers arc Dot surpassed fur professional knowledge by any corps in the world. We were told the other day that the dockyards of Portsmouth and l'lymouth were to be put in a proper state of defence. Why were they not always in a proper state of defence?—because the money which is annually voted for ordnance works and which the public believe to be thus spent is squandered in foolish " brick and mortar jobs." Real defences are not expensive mat ters, so far as masonry is concerned; for the use lessness of long lines of walls and ditches round the seaports was discovered many years back. Sieges have become too expensive, and all that is required are good strong batteries, placed at the assail able points of importance—open batteries, whence the gunners can take a steady aim at advancing steamers, not expensive casemates where they get blinded and sutfucated with smoke. For in future wars, ships will not amuse themselves in exchang ing lung-range shots with the land batteries, but bearing straight down on them will come to close quarters and endeavour to overpower them with the weight of their broadsides. Of this the Americans are fully aware, for many of their coast batteries are in double and triple tiers like a line-of-battle ship. The defences of Great Britain must be restricted to the fortifications in our dockyards, the entrances of the riven leading to large commercial seaports, and to having our large force afloat properly disposed. Wo must insist upon 'having some of our ships home. England, now again, as ever before, must rely for her chief safety on the courage and dexterity of her sea me t Cc.i the reseenee of her Wooden Walls. Since the atteuti•ei • 7 the ministry is being givew to this subject, we worn them to use well what they have, before asking fur more—to offer the country army and navy reform, before they ask for army or navy oxteinion. Tim intention of the framer of the French con stitution of 17 99 was to pat together something in the form and semblance of representative govern ment, but without the reality. 'file object WIN by no means to attain, what afterwards proved to be the result, a despotism in the hands of an able military and political chief. On the contrary, the aim was to secure, circumscribe, and continue power in the hands of the political generation of the day, of the notables who had drown up since the revolution, had survived its honours and profited by its lemons. To set aside the Jacobins and keep out the royalists, was the desire of both SIEVE 4 and flosaraan:, the man of theory and the man of action, the constitutionmonger and C , Hip de , tai maker of the day. iThat they intended the people to be, who were neither to he republi cans nor royalists, nor yet constitutionalists, for they were not to have the free play of a representative system, we know not. Fur the difficulty was solved by BONAPAKTE seising supreme power, and winning a title to it by such repeated and glorious victories as the previous annals of Europe could not show. It was, however, the fixed idea of both SIEVES and BONAPARTE to provide a place of profit, eminence, and utility for every man who could pretend to it. THE EXPR: To practical politicians was opened the council of state, to veterans and dignitaries, tbsleetiste. Whilst even the impulsive activity of clo#lloo was to be indulged by the harangues of time tfttienide. In a word, to stop the career of liberty, yet satisfy the risen generation that had grown up in it, was the design of the French legislation of 1:99. What rendered it more feasible was the small body of eminent men. The revolution had de toured most of its children. The placing, titling, and honouring from three to five hundred men satiatied the educated classes in France, with the exception of wine dozen or half dozen mutineers, who like Madame DV. STALL of SENJAMIN CON STANT, could not live without the liberty of discus sion. CHENIFIL however, wrote his odes, and CIIA TLAr BRIAN Is,- —the SIONTALEMBEST of that day,—was ready in the name of Roman catholicism to worship any sceptre, even that of a military usurper, which would not disdain to ally with the Crozier. The political acts of %seemlier and January, ISA and 18.12, area mere imitation of those of 1799 and 11190, without one of the necessities which excused, or the elements which facilitated, the assumption ' of power by Nsrot.tate. In the first place, no ho nour, no pay, no hierarchy, could recompense the educated C• 111111 for the loss of that constitutional liberty, which left their minds, tongues, and pew , free. France has now bad nearly forty years of free education, free writing, free speaking. the multitudes who eked that out by professional and intellectual exce -1 tion, form a mass of men throughout the country, for 'whom no police and no despotism could provile an elfeetual extinguisher. The mind of the French is seething with ideas. aspirations, impatience, and anxieties, silk& military force and brute menace may compress for a while, but which, like steam, must gather strength in proportion to the continuance and force of the compression. The very people, the peasant in his field, the carpen ter at his bench, entertain political and social theories which prompt them to acquiesce in a dictatorship with some vague hopes that it may further their views. Such hopes must speedily evaporate. As to the socialist &whines, they require the utmost free dom of publicity, and all the efforts of the ex perienced, the intellectual, and the best in formed, to combat their perniciousness, and to expose their absurdity. A government that pre cludes discussion, that allows such doctrines to spread its roots under ground, and that trusts to an illiterate priesthood to combat the new religion of the operative and the artisan by mere monastic authority—such a system, that gags the intelligence of a country, and gives full play to its ignorance, can lead to no end bust the onc,—an intellectual and moral, as well as ic political chaos. If the new and mock constitution cannot, like its prototype of 1:99, conciliate the educated class, or quiet the working men, how is it likely to affect the mercantile and shop-keeping folks? To put the ques tion in another way, how is au army of :j09,009 men, which feels that it has made a revolution and proved its ascendancy, and which must expect some pecu liar advantages and recompense from them, — how are such expectations to be reconciled with the hopes of the draper and the grocer ? Can the ambitious and leading spirits of such an army be given epaulettes and promo tion without earnin them on some other fi eld of battle than the Bou levards? It' Louis N.troioos attempts this, will not Loris somebody else outbid him in the barrack mid the corps sic yard.' We have heard a great deal of the communism of the operative, who seeks to have a share of his mas ters capital. Is there no military communism, which thinks it has a predominant right to have the better part of the wealth and capital of the state? Is the communist in uniform less exigent or more logical than the communist in blouse? IVe can conceive, nay, we expect the pretension of the French military to be such, that it would be far cheaper and less perilous to send them to look for free quarters on the other side of the :Rhine or of the Alps, than to keep the Pretorians m bodies of 09,009 and 100,000 in the 'forts of Paris or of Lyons. These are questions more difficult to solve than the getting rid of some six hundred deputies who had made themselves enpopular by reaction, and contemptible by turbulence. In the annals of crime, it is not murder that it is difficult to commit most successfully. 'lke difficulty is, how to dispose of the murdered remains. Louis NAPOLEON has killed everething in France—society, constitution, freedom; and le has put them all into an imperial catafalque to appease the manes by a glorious funeral. But this will satisfy no one. Every step too is fraught with danger. Those councillors of state who are to prepare the legislation of the country; those acnators, who, though chosen by the will of the autocrat, must be as eminent men as he can get, and must in self-exculpation assume some show of independence; that legislative body which, although it is forbidden to introduce a law, will still be the elect of the people—such bodies as these, however manageable by the conqueror of Austerlitz and Marengo, will be unmanageable at the time when it is meat important they should be tranquil. Ills own conservative senate proved the ready instrument for dethroning NAPOLEON. And I his nephew will find LAFATETEES even in these as semblies of his new creation. The government of M. LOIARTINE and LEDIIU- R4LLIN Will yet be found to have been security and order itself compared with this temporary barrack edition of an imperial constitution that the hero of Boulogne, and his illegitimate brethren, have im provised and imposed upon France. FRANCE. PARIS, EUTONDAT Brims°. To-day the rumours which have latterly prevailed about a probable change in the ministry were re newed. It appears that M. Fould, whose retreat is still spoken of, wishing to bane it on an honourable motive, is strenuously opposed to the sequestration of the property of the Orleans, on which measure the President is said to be obstinately bent. MM. de Persigny and Drouyn de Lhuys are talked of as likely to come in. Great efforts wore made to-day to hold up the rentes at the Bourse. Vague rumours were afloat conceining an interview between Louis Napoleon and M. do Rothschild on the subject of a Iloan. But the gnat capitalist is represented as rather shyof the new power. it is said that the four ambassadors are still to be sent to the principal 'courts; but that the govern ment is waiting to watch the effect of the constitu tion upon the foreign powers. It appears certain that for some reason, which I have not been able to discover, M. de Maupas, the prefect of police, is decidedly in disgrace. It is even rumoured that he will be degraded to the inferior prefecture of Versailles, now occupied by M. Arrighi do Padouc, who is once more talked of as the proba ble saeoemor of Berger, prefect of the Seine. The son of the latter, M. Amedia, Berger, you will have remarked, has been gazetted as one of the new refe rendaries of the Court of Accounts. This promotion is represented as a partial compensation for contem plated dismissal of his father from his sumptuous post at the Hotel de Ville. I have to call your attention to a feature in the trial by courtsmartial at Bordeaux which has excited considerable surprise. The MinistCre Public has not applied to have the punishment of death pronounced against M. Peymnni, who is placed on trial for having headed the insurrection at La Marmande; and assigns an the ground for not recommending capital punishment the abolition by the provisional government of that extreme penalty fur political offences, which forms in fact the Stli article of the constitution of 15448. Thus it would appear that all 1 the provisions of the latter charter arc not held to he I invalidated by the constitution of January 14. M. l'eyronni is a chef if escadniss, as well as an officer of the Legion of Honour, and distinguished himself much in Algiers. It is announced that the President of the Republic will give a grand ball at the Tuileries at the cud of I next week. Stories circulate in the whin*, and aro greedily listened to, of the snubs ii.flicted upon the courtiers of the new power, and even upon their ladies. The other day Count Flahault paid a visit t o M. M o l t % Upon the entrance of this diplomatic emissary of the Tuileries two ladies rose and left the room. M. do Flahault looked surprised, and asked why the ladies retired? For the same reason," replied M. Mole. sternly, "that I should have retired myself, had I I not been fixed to this sofa by the gout." Here is another piquant trait of the same kind. The Counter Le Lion, on paying a visit to Madame de Climelin. after the namq of the latter's husband had Armed on one of the lists of proscription, wai re ceived by this lady of the house stending. The visitor emus, at first, to have taken this formal posture as a ceremonious deference to her influential position as ono of the grandest ladies of the quasi-imperial court. She condescendingly invited Madame do Girardin to sit down, and asked why one who had been upon intimate terms with her should use the ceremony of standing up in her presence. " Madame," replied Madame de Otrardin very gravely, " I am I standing up until you go away." In connexion with the article which lately ap peered in the I'utrie, menacing the salons of the Faubourg St. Germain with the displeasure of the Tuileries, a story is told which has made some noise. You are aware that ono of the most brilliant draw ing-rooni i of Paris, rind where persons of political importance " most do congregate," is that of Mdme. de Oontaut-Biron. At the commencement of each season this lady sends a round of invitations to those persons aho are admitted habitually to her society. Among others, hl.de Slontalembert was invited; bat he war at the same time informed that ho would meet several personages who were not at all so well disposed towards the new order of things as himself, and were in fact decidedly opposed to the cause in which he betrayed so much zeal. Two or three days after this letter was written the police paid a domiciliary visit to the apartment of the lady in question. It in said that this affair, together with the resolution taken by the chid families of the Faubourg St. Germain to spend the remainder of the winter in their chateaux, was the origin of the extraordinary attack upon the salons of Paris which appeared in the Poirie. The Mottikur contains a decree directing that, in consequence of the recent increase of the military divisions, the number of artillery commands in the divisions is fixed at eleven, ten for the interior, and one fur Algeria; and that there shall be an artillery school in each command. The report of the Minister of War on which this decree is founded differs from all that have preceded it, by being addressed to the " Prince-President," and uegioniug, " Mon seigneur." A decree has been published in the Bulletin des Lois, suppressing the breeding stud of Arabian horses at St. Cloud. The stallions and mares com posing it are to be divided among the other different establishments of the kind belonging to the state, with the exception of those which are no longer wanted; and which will be sold according to the forms prescribed by . the regulations. A bitter sarcasm in the AnfoonWe Nationale of this morning has excited indignation in the highest quarter, both against the paper, and the negli gent censor who allowed the sentence to escape his shears. Alluding to the oath of fidelity to the constitution required from all public func tionaries' the Assembler says " The political oath had been abolished by the republic. the con stitution of Jan. 1-I re-establishes it, doubtless for this reason, that the oath must be a political guarantee because it hinds the human conscience." Consider ing that the constitution of IS-14 was tone up on Ike. 2 by the only man in France who had sworn to maintain it, the irony of this allusion to the sanctity of an oath is cutting indeed. The ..lanembi , :e pro fesses to have read with pleasure the clauses which declare the Senate the guardian of the fundamental pact and of public liberty. This, it says, airs " some" of the guarantees indispens able to society and to every citizen. It ventures to add that, seeing that the Senate will possess such high powers, the composition of it will be very important. It dues not go on to speculate upon the sort of protection to individual liberty likely to be afforded by a body of men appointed by the existing dictator, and dependent upon him for a pension of 1,2001. if they behave well. M. EugiMe Sue has left Paris for the Lake of Geneva, where he will continue his literary labours. MM. Victor Hugo and Alexander Dumas have writ ten to their friends to say that should they be ex pelled from Belgium they will reside at Homburg. The Patric states that all the ex-representatives who are ordered for exile, and had not already left France, have received their passports, and will be conducted as far as the frontier by the agents of the government. M. Michel (de Bourgcs) has left Brussels for London. MM. Duvergicr de Ilauranne, Creton, Jules de Lasteyric, Chambolle and do Itemusat, arrived at the Hotel do Belle Vue, at Brussels, yesterday. Most of the representatives sentenced to banish ment who -et remained in l'atis has left to-day, either for Englander Belgium. The military commission, acting for the insurrec tional affairs in the Jura has terminated its examina tion. It has sentenced several prisoners to trans portation for various terms of years--some to Cayenne, and whets to Lambessa, in Algeria. the papers this morning report numerous arrests in the Haute-Marne, at Clermont, in the Herau .at Troyes, Perigneux, and in the Loiret and the Cher. At Marmande (Lot-et-Garonne), on Jan. 10, a de cree was issued by the chef tie Idaillon, Sarranton, prohibiting the inhabitants from (Flitting their houses after 9 o'clock in the evening. Any person found in the streets after that hour will be arrested. All cafes, public houses, and societies, without excep tion, are to be closed at 8 o'clock. The President yesterday paid a visit to the legis lative palace to Inspect the repairs and alterations going on preparatory to the reception of the new legislative body. The court of honour, which was filled up with the temporary sane de carton, is now clear. _ At the Bourse the Five per Cents. fell 10c., closing at 101 f. 30e. The Three per Cents. clos - A without change at 60f. 24c. Bank of France shares rose 10f. Railways were well supported. Rouen rose 22f. 30c. The other lines varied little from yesterday. SUNDAY MOZNINO. By a decree inserted in the Maniteur M. Lefevre- Durufle, Minister of Commerce, M. Porton!, Minister of Public Instruction, and M. do Thorigny, formerly Minister of the Intelior, are raised to the rank of officers of the Legion of Honour. M. Duces. Minis ter of Marine, and Casubianca, formerly Minister of Finance, are made ehesaliers of the same order. The several committees of the Consultative Com mission hold sittings yesterday. The Society of the Messageries Nationales had applied for permission to form a fresh company, under the title of Societe des Transports Maritimes des Messageries Nationales. The Consultative Com mission sanctioned the statute proposed for the new society. MM. Laury and Vieyra arc to he prosecuted for the duel which has resulted in a slight wound to the latter. The President has received the answer of the King of Saxony to the letters of recal of M. do Salignac-Fenelon, whose mission as envoy to the court of Dresden is terminated. M. ])uvcrgier de Hauranne quitted Paris on Thursday for Brussels, with a passport fur England, Belgium, and Germany. The battalion sent from Marseilles against the in surgents of the Basses-Alpes has returned with seve ral waggons of arms taken from the column defeated at Mims. Eleven carriages containing prisoners arrived on the 14th instant at Moulins, escorted by a detach ment of chewers. Another convoy of prisoners was expected on the following day from La Feline. A diligence laden with political prisoners arrived on the 13th at Toulouse, escorted by a detachment of hussars. The steam frigate Canada, freighted with 468 pri soners, destined for transportation to Cayenne, which sailed from Ifavre on the 10th, was obliged, by stress of weather, to put into Cherbourg on the 11th. On the 11th she continued her voyage to Brest. Three companies of marines garrisoned at Cherbourg were to accompany the transported to Cayenne. A dommilary visit has been nude at St. Amend, Ito the house of M. d'Alene, Ledru Rollin 's commis sary in the department of the Nord. M. I'illcttc has been arrested at Blois. Several other arrests, too numerous to particularise, have been made in the Jura and other departments. The Russian General Joiykolf, and M. D'Engel, a councillor of the Emperor of Russia, have arrived in Paris. • SUNDAY EVENING. One of the most important subjects that occupies the attention of political circles ut the present mo ment is the probable sequestration, if not confisca tion, of the property of the house of Orleans in France. It seems that the President still returns to this sinister project with a pertinacity which may, in the long run, bear down the opposition of more ~ . MO] moderate emsonels. la a previous letter I announced that the decree embodying this atrocious measure as lan eventuality in case the princes of the younger branch did not avail themselves of the revocation of the edict of banishment to return to France, had ' been sent to the Moniteur. It was, in fact, sent twice, and only prevented from promulgation by tho resignation of M. do Morny, and some other mem bers of the cabinet. During four hours on Friday M. do I'ersigny was, I am informed on the best authority, actually installed as minister of the into_ rior. For the not you have been informed of the I ministerial crisis; but I am now able to assure you positively that this question was the origin of it, and still continues to threaten the cabinet with dissolu tion. If the measure be carried, de Morny, and perhaps Fould and Magne, will retire. General St. Arnaud is also opposed to the decree of confiscation ; but it is less certain that he will refuse to remain a member of the cabinet which will undertake to exe cute it. As the name of M. de Moray has been more than once been brought forward as preventing violent measures from being adopted. I think it right to gratify an opinion that might tend to mis lead public opera on this head. 1)e Moray is now, as before, the most energetic minister of the cabinet, tho man of action, and the upholder of severe measures. Rut in this affair of the Orleans property he has private and peculiar reasons for showing a moderation, which it would be a great mistake to suppose . formed any part of his character. M. de Moray received during the late reign more than one favour at the hands of the government of July. Ile has had intimate relations with the princes of the house of Orleans, and he undertook not long ago a mission from the President to the Duchess of Orleans. Hence he is bound by engagements which render it impossible for him to remain a member of the cabinet which should un dertake to confiscate the property of the Orleans family. Whatever may be the nature of these en gagements, it is to be regretted that obligations, of a hags sacred character, perhaps, but s till acknowledged as binding by society in general, should bo treated lightly by the Minister of the Interior. Thus I am informed, from the best source, that M. de Moray wrote a letter to 111. de It; musat, in which ho ex pressed regret fur his banishment, but said that it was unavoidable, as lie had not been able to influence the council of ministers in his favour. M. de Itemu sat, on receiving this message from the Minister of the Interior, took up a letter from his table from an other member of the cabinet, which, in expressing the same regret, stated that the writer had in vain attempted to intercede with the leading members of the cabinet in his favour. The threatened confiscation of the property of the House of Orleans is looked upon in a graver light, because revolutionary governments, as soon as they begin to attack property, become a thousand times more terrible to the public apprehension than while they exercise persecutions against individuals. It is easy for men to flatter themselves that they will not be included in the category of the imprisoned or proscribed, which is confined to those who have o&red resistance to the government. But when property is attacked no proprietor feels himself safe from denunciation. It is said that the .11oniecur of to-morrow will con tain the list of the members of the Council of State. I am informed that two of the ministers, MM. Fortoul and hefebre 'turn& will form two af this coun cil, seats in which are sought with an avidity pmpor tioned to the handsome salary attached to them. I have already informed you, in a previous letter, that the departments occupied by the two ministers in ques tion would be absorbed in other departments and transformed into mere subordinate branches of admi nistration, hence you will have been prepared for their retirement from the ministry, e lila is expected shortly. In the meantime they are appointed, toge ther with M. Duces, Minister of Marine, by decrees in the J/snifear of to-day, to different ranks in the Legion of Honour. The ministry of police is still spoken of as on the point of formation ; hut who the President's Foucl , is to be is not yet very distinctly known. The crea tion of this new department is generally condemned, as impairing the dignity of the ministry and bring ing the head of the state too nearly into contact with the questionable machinery of the police department. The time of the elections for the Corps Lep:Adj,' seems as little fixed as ever. In fact, two opposite opinions prevail in the cabinet on this subject. The Minister of Justice, Itouhcr, is for hastening the elections, or, at least, not postponing them beyond the end of February, while another party wish to delay the elections until April. Contradictory re ports prevail concerning the new electoral law; but tt is not to be concluded, because the word " direct," as applied to universal suffrage, is omitted in the constitution, that the suffrage will be therefore indirect. A good deal of comment is current with regard to the apparent indulgence extended to two demo. cratic chiefs who were among the most violent assail ants of Louis Napoleon in the National Assembly. These are MM. Jules Favre and Crcmieux. 1 have already explained this partially by the circumstance of their having been originally instrumental in pro curing the assent of the democratic party to the re peal of the laws of banishment against the Bonaparte family. But I regret to add that there is no doubt whatever of these ex-representatives having sent in letters to the government disavowing in the most humble tone of abnegation all future connection with politics, and promising to exercise their calling as advocates without meddling in any way with the proceedings of the government. I have to mention to you to-day a fresh instance of the persecution directed against salons. The Mar quise D'Osmout, a legitimist lady, who gives bri'liant reunions at her house on the Boulevard de la Made leine, received last week an official intimation from the Minister of the Interior that politics were not approved of by the government as a subject of con versation at parties, and that as many other subjects gave equal scope fur social communication, there ex uded no necessity for discussing the acts of the go vernment. Consequently the marquise was requested to intimate to her guests that they must refrain from talking politics. Mbdame d'Osmont, after receiving this notice, invited to her next party only ladies; but the absence of the " lord of creation " did not prevent the company present from exchanging the freest criticisms possible upon the deeds of the go vernment, and in particular from venting their indignation, in shrill chorus, at the invasion of private society by such monstrous prohibitions. This oc curred on Friday night. The next morning Madame D'Osmont received a note from M. de Moray begging her to name which of her chateaux the marquise would prefer for her country residence, as her sojourn at Paris any longer for the present had become im possible; and intimating that her return to the capital would not be permitted without an express permission from the President of tho Republic. Before clewing my letter I hear that for the moment the decree of confiscation against the Ilouso of Orleans has been abandoned, as well as all fresh lists of proscription. Private advice' from Bordeaux inform me that the chef d'eacadron Pcyronni has been found guilty by the court-martial, and sentenced to transportation. This was of course expected. The judgment went on to decree that ho should be degraded from his rank of an officer of the Legion of Honour, and that his decoration should be torn off in open court. In pronouncing this latter part of the sentence, however, the zeal of the court exceeded its competence. M. Faye, the counsel for M. Peyronni, observed, that his client had retired from the army, and the rules of the service did not permit a court-martial to strip a man not actually in service of his decoration. The president felt compelled to admit this objection. During the trial an unparalleled outrage was com mitted upon M. Faye, whose house was searched under pretext of M. Vergne, a municipal councillor of hlarmande, having been secreted there. This pro ceeding has shocked public opinion the more from M. Faye never; having belonged to the republican party. The trial of M. Perronni has pro duced an immense effect upon public opinion, in discrediting the lies of the government organs as to the nature of tke insurrection in some of the south ern departments, and in clearing the characters of the men who headed the movement of resistance. Such has been the influence of the publication of the proceeding of this court-martial, that no more judi-; clot &hates will be allowed to take place ; hula vast number of prisoners will be banished or transported without trial. \ - !w.d,, • X EVENtNCII: JANUARY 19, 1852. Botirges ; Mathieu, Archbishop of Besancon; de Somali!, Archbishop of Lyons; and Goussctt, Archbishop of Rheims. Marshals : Gerard appointed in 1630; - Heine, in 1847; ]prime Napoleon Bona parte, in 1849; Excelnians, in 18:o1; Hurispe, in 1851 ; and Vaillaht, in 1841. Admirals: du Maekau and Parceval-Derchene. SI'AIN. MADRID, JAN. 12. The Oa:ette of to-day contains a decree on the liberty of the pram Newspapers which publish alarming news are to be subject to the penalties of the 35th article of the decree of 11144. These penal. ties are to extend to all periodicals or publications which in censuring the official acts of the constituted authorities, make use of words that imply disrespect to the same. If within 12 hours after the seizure of a newspaper the editor or responsible person should solicit that the newspaper should not be prosecuted,l it will not be prosecuted, but the number seized will not he allowed to circulate. All newspapers or pub lications in which the dignity of the Xing or Queen, or any of the royal family, be called in question, or in which religion or the priesthood be uttnektsl, or which offend public morals, or which, without the permission of the party interested, publish facts rela tive to his or her private life, and which have no bearing upon public affairs, are to he seized. When any periodical has been condemned three times, the 'ster can suppress the said periodical, or suspend it at the royal pleasure. The government is preparing a law for the dimi nishing the number of deputies in the chamber, and changing the mode of election. MADRID, JAN. II The new governor of Madrid is M. Melchior Ordoncz, governor of the province of Cadiz. SWITZERLAND. A letter from Berno states that several German refugees, who had neither furnished the necessary security, nor quitted Switzerland, according to the order of the Federal Council, have been living con cealed at Geneva, waiting for some convulsion in France. After having been driven out of Geneva by the police, they endeavoured to find an asylum in other cantons, hut were discovered and taken to licrne,where they were at first treated with a degree of rigour, which was afterwards relaxed. If Louis Napoleon will permit them to pasty through France, they will have passports given them for Havre, whence they will proceed to America. I'l'A LY. PIEDM )NT. In its sitting of the 13th,--- Chamber of Deputies of Turin adopted the budget of expenditure for artil lery. fortifications, and military constructions, which amounted to , 5,128,071 fr., or a million and a half more than was granted iu 1851. This increase is partly attributable to the necessity of repairing for tifications, and providing gunpowder and other mili tary stores. Towards the end of the sitting, and on the motion "that the budget for 1852 do pass," M. Cadona pmpowil the following addition : " The sum mentioned in the first part of the budget o f Grace, Justice, and Wors hip, under the title of Ecclesiastical Expenses, shall cease to be paid 'on and from the Ist of July, 1852;" and at the some time proposed an order of the day recom mending ministers to expunge that item altogether from the budgetof 185:3, and present bills to the Chamber calculated to carry out that measure. The debate on this motion was adjourned to the following day, but the minister of finance was heard to say that without intending for the present to pledge himself to any particular course, he could not accept such a measure for 1852. Mr. W. Erskine, attache to the English Embassy at Brussels, has been appointed Secretary of Lega tion at Turin. NAPLES. NAPLES, JAy. 7. The news of Lord Palmerston 's retirement from the cabinet arrived here a few days since, arid pro duced an immense sensation. To the court nothing could have been more gratifying, to the people few things more discouraging. Now that the excitement occasioned by the news from France has in some measure subsided, the court party begin to speculate on the future of Louis Napo leon. Should he put aside the scarf of the I'resident for the crown of an Emperor, it is remembered that the title of " King of Italy " might be resumed. So that whilst the Neapolitan cabinet is on the best terms with the government of France it is an alliance which will grow more feeble as the fortunes of Louis Napoleon advance. On New Year's Day. Sir W. Temple, M. Barret, and all the other foreign ministers at the court of Naples, went to Caserta, to pay their respects to his Sicilian Majesty. Prince Casteicicala has arrived in Naples. It is generally believed that the object of his Excellency's visit is a personal explanation to the king of the history of the events which led to his recall from the court of St. James's. The state trials still continue. I shall report pro ceedings at certain periods only, which will enable me to furnish a clear narrative of the whole. 'fhe United States frigate Independence was ordered home some days since; but owing to the ews from France, Commodore Morgan has thought proper not to leave the Mediterranean without a ship of war. Her Majesty's steamer Firebrand has left the Bay of Naples. TURKEY. The following are the members of the Senate del jure according to Art. 20 or the con s tit u ti on , which The mixed confers that rank upon all (ordinal s , :narwhals, and I pronounced in admirals: Cardinals: du I'out, Archbishop of tcmbcr, by 12 CONSTANTINOPLE, JAN. 5. The semi-official organ of the Turkish go vernment express satisfaction with the speech of M. Paicos, Greek Minister of Foreign Affairs, in the sitting of the Chamber of Deputies at Athens on the 12th ult. In this declaration M. Paicos defends the Turkish government from the insinuation that it al lowed brigands to take refuge whiling the Ot toman frontier, and to make incursions into the Greek territory. On the contrary, the minister gave ' the Porte credit for its good faith in assisting the government to repress all such attempts, and instanced the dismissal of several Turkish func tionaries who neglected this duty at a proof of sin cere co-operation. Thus the Commander-General of Larissa, liadje Hussein, had been replaced some time ago successively by Semi Bey, and Ismael Bey Frassari. The Journal de Constantinople contains a semi official article, complaining of the bad faith of the German newspapers in misrepresenting the state of Montenegro; and stigmatises es a pure invention the story given in the Journal de Frankfort, under the head of attaro, announcing that in the neigh bourhood of Potgorizea and Spur a band of armed Turks had driven otf 2,000 cheep from the custody of Montenegrina shepherds, killing two of the Litter and wounding several others. The German paper added that thus the truce recently concluded between the Turks al d Montenegrines had been broken, and would be succeeded by fresh struggles The Journal de Constantinople states that there are no armed Turks either at Potgorizza or Spur for the purposes mentioned, and that no Montenegrines have been attacked nor sheep driven off; finally, that if the pretended truce has been broken, it is because the Montenegrines have made, on the side of Scutari, an irruption into the Ottoman terri tory, where they have committed nets of brigandage. Hence Omer Pasha has sent towards this frontier a squadron of cavalry, under the orders Dervish Pasha, not in a spirit of hostility against Montenegro, but to cause to be respected by the bandits of that eoun !ry the soil of Turk e y an d the property of the sub jects of the Porte. MALTA, JAN. 12. Thin morning early the Queen, Superb, and Albion, left port on a cruise, and the Indefatigable to relieve the Phreton at Corfu. The admiral has hoisted him Sag in the Vengeance. Sir W. Parker has finally ordered a vacant cabin in the flag Ail, to he given up to the assintunt•sur geons unconditionally. Mr. M., an assistant surgeon of the Trafalgar, is in trouble, basing eommitted nn act of great impru dence, in firing a pistol at a woman. It was not, however, di! on, loaded. HANOVER, JAN. 11. committee of the two Chantbera has favour of accepting the treaty- of Sep• votes against 2. AMERICA. 1 ARRIVAL OF THE CANADA. Yesterday morning, at 9 o'clock, the 1:03a1 \fail steam-ship . Canada, CAduin Lang, arrived at Lit er _ pool from Roston and Halifax, bringing Naw York papers to the 6th instant, 41 passengers, and Voss) dollars in specie on freight. 11Ir. Log,o, a pas senger from Lower Canada, had also about 2,u00 dollars in gold dust. The Canada left Heston at noon on the 7th, and Halifax at 1.37 p.m. on the 9th. At half -past four this morning the Canada arrived oil Ihdylitsid, and her run from thence to the Mersey is about the quickest ever made. The news brought by this steamer is confined to two items--one, a litter arrival from Califirnia, the other, the defeat of Caravajal, nod his retreat acro ss the Rio Grande, into the American territory : al_ though some doubt has been thrown uround the latter fact, by telegraphic advises received in New York by way of Texas. On the 2nd inst. the Royal Mail steamer Africa, front hence, arrived out at New York, on the tidlow ing day the Franklin, and the Atlantic on the dtb. The steamship Cambria, from Liverpool, with the mails of the 27th uh., art ived at Halifax, ra route for Boston, on the 6th inst. ._.. The lierjui steamship City of Glasgow, from Liver pool. arrived at Philadelphia on th e Ist inst. The United States screw titeani•ship S. S. Louis, from Liverpool, arrived at Boston on the :ird putting into Halifax for a supply of coals. The United States and Liverpool screw steam-ship City of Pittsburgh, which sailed from Philadelpb ui on the 29th of November, hid not arrived out on the 6th invt., and great tears were entertained tor her safety. The steam-ship Cherokee had arrived at New York with the Californian mails of the :Ali ult., and up. wards of 2,000,000 dollars in gold-dust. The steam-ship Golden Gate, from San Franci-co, had arrived at Panama with 2,113,0141 dollars in gold-dust, 373,581 dollars of ‘t hich are for the Bank of England. Thu New Turk mail had not arrived at Boston when the Canada flailed. Kansuth had been received by the Senate, and an address of welcome was read to'him, to whirl', bow. ever, he was nut permitted to reply. The lion-c of Representatives had a'su passed a vote, hy a largo majority, to introduce Kossuth to that amenably. The &tails are given in the f o ll ow i ng letter, .dated Washington, Jan. 11, Long before 10 o'elnek this moruin.t every art nue it.A. ing to the Senate chandler was thronged with is nee,, ans. ions to witness Ko ssuth'. reception by the Sentd.t. At 11 o'clock the galleries were opened, and aclidst great t ainn it an d confusion, they were iniunohati ly to their utmost capacity. At 12 o clock the Senate was called to order, and Mr. Mangum moved that the rules be susp-nol.tl sn far as to admit ladies behind the bar of the Senate, shit h was agreed to. 'Madame Kossuth hero entered, leaning on Mr tiwia's arm, and l'ulzsky led in the other ladii s or the suiie. At one o'clock, Messrs. Shields, Seward, and in tered, with Kossuth, who was leaning on the arm of Mr. Shields. Mr. Shelds said—Mr. President, we have the honour to announce Louis Kossuth to the Senate of the ruit. il States. The chairman invited Kossuth to a boat placed in front of the secretary's desk. Senators then row, and Kossuth having sat down, Mr. Magnum said, in order that the senator, :tad another& may have an opportunity of paying their resit. as to oar illustrious guest, I move that th e S..n u t e now adj iurn. The motion was agreed to, and the Senate adj.-tinted. A crowd then advanced, and were introduced to Kossuth by Messrs. Seward and Shields. In the House of Representatives, Mr. Cartier moved a suspension of the rules, for the purpow of iidnalueing the resolution authorising the Speaker to apyint a cotuiddtee of Ave to wait on Louis Kossuth, and introduce him to the house. He said, if the house intended this mark of respect to the distinguished man, they must do it between this and Friday, as Kossuth will then leave the city. Mr. Stuart caused to be read an amendment which he in tended to offer, that the chairman of said committee intro duce him in these words: " We introduce Louis Koesuth to the House of Representatives," .in which the menthe rs aro recommended to rise:, and the Speaker will invite him to a The question wns then taken upon the rul,s being sat pended—Yeas, 117 ; nays, Mr. Cutter then introduted his resolution, and, under the operation of the previous question it pa SS. d, by year, 123; to nays, 44. Mr. Drown (dem.), of Mississippi, asked leave to intro duce a resolution th. 4 this house declines,at this tinie,to ex press an opinion on the subject of future intervention or non intervention of the United States in the affairs ul other ris lions, believing, as it now declares, that no esise has ever arisen which requires such expression. The house refused to suspend the rules. Kossuth did Out address the Senate. The committee Informed him that the Senate did not expect that he would deliver an oration, and he accordingly consented to remain silent. In his interview with the Secretary of the Interior, oa • Saturday, he alluded to his intervention !inject. The secre tary replied that his department was devoted exclusively to home affairs, and that all qutstions of foreign policy ease through the state department. Kotsuth then declared that the opposiloifwhith he met at the haunts of Congress and the executive convineed him that his mission to this country had completely failed. Ile felt deeply disappointed at the reception lie had met with is Washington. It was wholly unexpected. He inquired, in case a Imply of Hungarians desired to settle in the United States, if they could get a tract of land ? Mr. Stuart remarked that Congress haul the dispo sition of the public lands, but that he had no doubt a tract of land would be granted if desired. Kossuth corrected the secretary, and explained that he did not want the land so a gilt—they would pay for it—but only desired that it should be so located that the Hungarians could live together in a separate community. At the President's dinner no speeches were made. It is now confidently stated that, contrary to expectations, there will be speech making at the presentati o n of Kossuth to the house to-morrow. Mr. Lloyd has determined to I follow Mr. Clay's precedent in th- case of Lafayette, and to address him with a view to a reply. This contrivance has been arranged with reference to party advantage. - - A sharp discussion had taken place in the Senate upon the presentation of a memorial from the New York Industrial Congress, praying that all rciatione between the United r tales and France should be suspended; the memorial was finally Lid OIL the table by a vote of '2l to 14. The minister from France had called at the De partment of State, by direction of his government, to officially announce that the President of the French Republic had adopted the great measure for the pub lic safety ; that the chief of the state owed it to 6,000,000 Frenchmen who had elected him, and to the world, which had received his nomination as a new era of tranquillity for France, to presort her from a revolution, of which the world might feel the recoil; that, strong in his consciousness of patriotic intentions in repelling the dangers which threaten France and Europe, without end, he invited the na tion to a free choice of a firm and durable govern ment—that ho appealed to the suffrage of all in a moment so solemn to his country, and thought that this appeal might to enlighten Europe and the world in regard to his object. In the House of Representatives on the •ith a re solution was adopted, stating that the Secretary of State for Colonial Adair* of the British government issued a circular in October, ISA in favour of emi grants to the West Indies from the free Mimed population of the United States, and calling on the President to communicate to the house any informa tion he may possess respecting the said circular, and particularly what action the Legislative Asaemblies of the British West India Islands have taken in pur suance of the suggestions contained therein. 'rho news from Mexico is to the effect that a vio lent popular outb•oak in the city of kit sico took place on the 16th Ike., arising out of the passage of a law for the reduction of the tariff. The excitement was directed against fiwrigneric many of whose gores were destroyed, and several lives lost. Ad% ices from Vera Cruz to Ike. 11; announce the ndiournment of the Mexican Congre,s, alter 'riming the tariff amendments, and authorising a luau of two millions of dollars. The insurgents under Caravajal, after hesit;ing the Mexicans at Ceralvo for two dap. heariug that large reinforcements were coming under lieneral Uragna—rclinquis:led the siege and retreated fteross the ltio Orande into the American territory. The Mexican official account states the loss at four killed and .e‘enty wounded. The t'ollowing contradictory statement,. contain all that can tk gleaned of the Last 'fleas : New Orlran., Dee. 31 . AdViCell from Vera Cruz to the 24th state that th, r, lotion on the Rio Urande is believed to have hem t•all lypliTt d. Carasajah Ilt last lieCOUllt., hall !Ica to 'none., in hopes of raising reinforcements. The government hag three thousand men in the field, in case of renewslot the attack by the insurgents. NewOrlenn.. J , Ol. 3: Adviers from Drownttille, Texas, to Decenth,:r state that according to the latest accounts the resolution had not been suppressed. Cararsjal had ryceivcd rcinfortzuvuts to The f Mercial The re towns or the etate this was I mate pur eeruritire It atea of had aim( The m rates: barrel; t Genneeac Indian to The co Rood ov, advanced Orl eans Uplands • rise of limited. In p ro , n• slteral Eseh ar 11•4 1% , 7s t o 784. orro , " e crl Mr; quoted at lier A • donatioi tbe Pao , the caw v aiug Ira. o ° l The . the fun them. Caravaji forty pri more th officer fourteen The f vantage On th tarry, I Too S of this I The before, Senate i prohibit, An ar ton, by annual i cent. int been an The al nation fa