The Express. — London, England, 1852-09-01 00:00:00

- s .. VUt exPrefSO• TO CORKREPONDENTS. ••aed Ultra " Drape; ealslare the eras (rare. "Gamete," le published eery Turley sad friday Wed, ka i.e dr past re ri u me siestslateeded tee " The Espress,"Uara ?years paper, mart be et the 0011 es, IS, boarriernat, Tye Veleet, in As day at paadeada.a NIOLI WATKit AT LONDON SWOON Ti. D.T—M 'ming. Ds. AlMum. IC 'gm T►rowr<—Morws. 41. .AA•noses, 41.3eva. LONDON, WEDNESDAY, SEPT. 1. Tilt Lowtrtras have been making t;guals to their party in the North. The signals 'are, Indeed, of a somewhat equivocal kind, as is usted with that astute and knowing family, but still f.ull of signifi cauce--done a ith a will, and ex Kenny e of a purpose. Among the hereditary leaders o the landlords, none have been at all times more te:tive and unscru• pulous than these noble ewal-ewne en. When PEEL proposed Free Trade in fuel, he had no more zealous supportav than the angacison Lord of Whiteharen. nem was money to be sonde of "an enlightened and testy national But when the illus. triousamvert went a step further, and proposed to follow ont his irresistibleconviet ions to their logical and legitimate results regarding food, the chivalry of the lanvrtnita rose up within them,—the weal of an en dangered yeomanry became dearer to them than life, and " Protection" became a sacred principle, para mount to all sordid considerations of trade. No premises of increased exports of cotton could move these high-born patriots from their Protectionist resolves. What had they to do with cotton? Only with coal and corn. It happened, indeed, that opal rents would be augmented by freedom of trade, while corn rents might be diminished : and it happened that on the coal question the LowtnEns " feared not the utmost competition of the foreigner in arts and manufactures," but were ready to lend him every facility of machinery and fuel; while on the corn question they trembled for the safety of the country in time of war, and for its sanitary condition in time of peace, were liberty of buying and selling established regarding articles of food. But who could doubt their singleness of pur pose in this apparent inconsistency of conduct ? It was pretty much the wane interesting inflection of faith in a great philosophic truth that led the ship owners to rote for cheap sugar,while West India pro prietors could nut bring themselves to oppose the re peal of the navigation laws. Restrictions on corn, however, like restrictions on sugar and shipping. followed the fate of restrictions on COlll. Peilites and Whigs in turn aided the people to break one by one these bonds of manifold monopoly wherewith their industry had long been bound. The emancipated energies of the country were just beginning to be applied with the habitual temper and undisturbed intelligence of freedom, when suddenly the chiefs of the Liberal party let the reins slip from their hands, and with satcastic levity suffered the old vanquished cabal of monopo lists to assume them. Ever since then the latter have been chiefly engaged with internal discussions as to the usothey might venture to make of their marvel lous luck in being called to office without the sem blance of a desire to see them there on the part of either Court, Parliament, or people. The keen sense of the ludicrous early impelled Dtsitatu to try and let off whatever remained of buoyant hope an the great Protection balloon, which, having most unex pectedly carried him up the heights of office, he only wished to see hauled in and folded up decently as an historical heirloom. The small head of the smallest of Secretaries of State for the Colonies was, on the contrary, rendered utterly dizzy by its elevation. Sir Jotts's reputation as principal protector of the Planters, and foremost advocate of dear sugar, was. he felt, at stake. So he rushed into a pledge in the house, crc he was many days in office, to alter the Sugar Act of lttfB , with the same prag matical tone of rashness and presumption as he soon after plunged in a despatch into the troubled waters of the Bay of Fundy. Dripping, and well•nigh drowned, lie has been dragged out of the one; it remains to be seen whether his colleagues will agree to his attempting next session to maintain his ground as respects the other. It is no longer a secret that there are two factions in the cabinet, between whom there rages a very pleasant confidential war of remi niscences and reproaches. Some two or three are said to adhere to the CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER, who, strong in the persuasion of his own ind . sabilitv, jests at the conscientious resolve of his bull. col leagues to perform their impossible promises, and to refrigerate the ice that thawed last year. But the bull-heads are numerous and undaunted. If the drought of July and the rain of August don't bring up the price of wheat to 605., they are determined that they will raise it, by an Act of Parliament in that behalf duly made and provided. Round this hopeful standard are ranged in compact array PARING TON, WALPOLE, HLRRIES, HARDWICICE, and SALISBURY ; with many of less degree of the CHRISTOPHER, KELLY, and BBILESPORD genus. And between these and their enterprising antago nists it is easy to imagine how a wily and weather wisejobber like the noble Pummel- of the COUNCIL, would find occupation in the exercise of those inde scribable hat ineffable arts that are used in what is called " key ing the party together." None can doubt ittl• way his heart,—or whatever be its more semeate sass,—incliess Lord LONIDALE is one of those who has too sere to lass is a slime to persist is any course that wed& risk OM Bat if a tax upon sea esometbe MA he wield like to make its abasement agviemsre to trade vpm t---so that stole ibe seism phew of a gmedi ermgromise, Awl solderers& eel equitable efergemst so sari of taxation amid be tam elf the shoulders of his elese, to be pined ea theme of the democracy, as weal& folly s cia hhn ler what he a ff ects to have leg by the of the corn laws. To the sable earl it little into which pocket the political primesemy is put. When any dull, honest bailed sob wilease the new adjustment w 1 Tele the Amore who still con tinue to pay the alined,.peNdes like his lord ship answers with as lemist den, as though he wondered what the hogialrerredlyessent. The wrap of:the tenant-farmers are dil emma , be worked opiate parti-coloured fabrics to be of as mead= may serve ; but to set modes* umenel ling the subtle web in the eerie= desire to know exactly what its materiels are,' would, in the estimation of a man like Lord Loss- DALE, be an act of consummate folly. The tree wis dom is to " keep the party together" and " keep the farmers in hand" by telling them they need not look for any great good to come of egrieultural im provements, or that there is likely to be any induce ment in future for the growth of grain. To sa all this in a single speech might be too pointed; so the squibs are distributed among the dif ferent members of the family. The noble earl himself takes charge of the explosion of the reap ing machine and the use of liquid manure, by both of which he declared at the recent agricultural dinner at Whitehaven he bad f been totally gulled; while the hope- Imemes of future tidage farming . wee mournfully sanooDeed on the same occasion by Colonel IaTTIER, M.P., who assured hishearersbe hadcome lotbe resolution of turning all his lands into sheep leeks. The drift and aim of such declarations it as ▪it very hard to diseern. It is deemed expedient be.tore the meeting of parliament to fan once mare i n t o the semblance of life the old Protectionist dis content, in order to make better terms for the land lords. Will the farmers of Cumberland be duped by such tnmsparent artifices? Ora reeeilers meet fail to have remarked tho con tinual am p s avance in our celumns of a piece of intelli fence that L ight be stereotyped. ..Th e c ani b r id ge University Coomission had a m eet i ng yester d ay. " The portion dour paper which contains this reiter ated announcement would be incomplete without it, and the number of y.aisterdays chronicled and to be chronicled threatens to be each as to promise to the Commission an age equal to that of a Chancery suit under the venerable F.LDON. Now. with all due respect to the Commissioners, they are losing their time. TNI evidence they will have it in their power to being forward will be, as the French have it, like maenad after dinner. The Oxford Commission has exhausted the subject. No one after Mr. STANLEY'S able report seed be at any loss for materials upon which a judg ment may be fenoded on the University questiun. THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 1, That report, and the evidence whi• A accompanied it, showed moat clearly that the preser ALI n i ms i ty w arn . meet and administration is an r n d cu bt e d usurpation, , and in opposition to all the pemeiples which presided at the foundation not only ' .if the University, but of the Colleges. It showed t' cat the University of Ox ford was originally like 11 %1 the older universities of Western Europe, an amer s sation of teachers united only by mutual interest i—t , mt it chose its own legislative body and executive °Seers, its constitution being essentially dernnenit . M. The report further showed, that when the U , Jiversity had acquired such dis tinction, as a pia , ,e of education, as to make the pox ticipation in its advantages a matter of great desire, benevolent per mos founded " houses of charity" where poor persons might reside while studying at the University town. That the lodgers in these "hews of charity" were bound by statutes, which their ne meses self swear to observe, to a life of poverty and study, and to the performance of religious ceremonies which cannot now be performed. That a rigid rule of life was laid down. Further it was shown. that the value of the property left to these " hewn of charity" inerea.sing, the influence of the toasts foe the time being increased also, and to such s t = that they were enabled to exclude all other but themselves—in fact to absorb the university. The poor " houses of charity" have become rich sharing amongst them about 130,000 f. a year from real property, and an enormous sass derived from students fees. They allow no ors is wee to the University unless as a member of a map, and thus convert a great national institution into a private establishment, managed for the benefit of a clique. Of course similar evidence will bo brought for ward against Cambridge. That university also will be proved to have fallen into the hands of the tenants of the ancient "houses of charity." It will be shown that democratical institutions have been re volutionised into oligarchical,—that large funds have been grossly misapiilied,—and, in short, that Cam bridge has not been •ery far behind Oxford in the work of destruction. All this evidence, it is clear, we might well spare ; and the same might be said of the inferences to be founded on them, as Mr. STANLEY'S report contains nearly all that can be said upon the subject. In the meantime there is something left for the Com missioners to do which might well make their labours u valuable to the nation as those of the Ox ford Commission. Although a little is said in the report of the latter body about the extension of the studies of the University, the question could not begone into fully. Now—reform every thing else in the Universities and leave the cumeulum of studies alone, and you will have done but little towards nationalising the institution. The nation will never be brought into sympathy with the Universities until the education there becomes national. The great learned men in England at the ' present day are not those who have edited Greek plays, or written Latin verse; they arc those whose studies have resulted in flinging tubular bridges over straits, in bringing one portion of the island into closer connection with another part by means of railways,—in transmitting messages with the speed of lightning,—in multiply ing our resources to an incalculable extent be means of machinery. Ask any of the foremost men in the country what is included in the necessary education of a distinguished Englishman of the pre sent day, and he will give you a long list of subjects any one of which will require deep study and toil to master. But observe, not one of these will the Uni versities of oxford or Cambridge recognise. Out of the vast ocean of human knowledge as it is known at the present day, our Universities are content with surveying one or two bays and inlets, smiling contemptuously at the labours of the daring navigators who have laid open to us the road to immeasurable treasures. The Universities do not expand with the national mind. They have confined themselves to the recogn ition of excellence in two or three branches of study, ce , and treat the rest of the large map of human science as if it were non existent. Now, we have a right to expect more from a University than this. If it is a national in stitution, it shouldrecognise excellence in every de. partment in which inte tual eminence can mani fest itself. Tho honours and rewards of the Universities, as national institutions, should be bestowed upon all those who are pre-eminent in intellectual achievements in any of those divi sions of science which modern discoveries have brought to light, and upon which the prospe rity and the civi lisation of the world depend. There is no reason why, up to a certain point, the Universities should not be prepared to instruct the youth of the country in the whole eneyclopiedia of science, ab stract and industrial. It this were the case, the students and professors of all branches of learning scientific and practical, would be brought into close communion. The result would be something like an intellectual republic. There would be no aristocracy of the professors of one or two branches of learn ing. The spinner of Latin verses would be forced to recognise that his achievements were neither in kind nor degree superior to those of the man who had thoroughly mastered the know ledge of the principles of mechanical science. The skilful analyst would no longer arrogate to himself a university degree, to the exclusion of the discoverer of a new motive power. The possessors of intel lectual might would be all brought closer together, however t he ir _pursuits might diverge, and the Uni versities would be elevated into the position they ought to occupy u interpreters, and in some sense directors, of the national mind. silence the subversion of all that it esteems, 'would have hewn deemed preposterous in the most insane of the Roman emperors. ' The article of tho Pays is u follows: There ezists, then, a country in eivilised Europe in which the liberty of the writer goes the length of defama tion. There exists • press which, in plum of preaching up emceed and peace, performs the office of offering insults and calumnies—whieh, in place of appeasing expiring hatred, studies each day to irritate and envenom it. Yes, that country exists, and is called England, and that mess exists, and in London. A matter still more grave is, that it is a serious journal, the admitted organ of certain political parties, the Tunes, which has lo sines adopted this system of abase, perfidiously calculated, and audaciously written. It is only a few days back that the Moraliser moldered it necessary to protest, in the name of France and of her government, against the malevolent imputations of the British print. And yesterday we find lo the columns of the Times fresh insults, not only against the man whom popular suffrage has proclaimed bead of the state, but against the whole nation. The French magi*. truly, according to the English libcllist, is a collection of prevaricating judges, sold by perjury to every goverment. The army, which has saved European eivilissuon from bar barism, a body of disorderly pretorians; the senate, that immovable guardian of the constitutional compact, a troop of mercenaries, without character and without power; the Legislative B ody, that direct cmuution of the national sovereignty, a power witheut authority and without in fluence ; the people, in fine, the people, which is the soul of all these social forces, which has exercised its sovereign power on three different occasions, by the vote of the con- stitetion, the election of its legislators, and that of its local representatives, the French people is a living ruin, from which the breath of political life has departed, and which ' rolls on to death down the fatal descent of decadence, is • degenerate nation, which io its degradation only asks from the government amusements, reviews, and public files, panful el circenses. What, in truth, is the object of these reiterated insults ? Dues the shade of Pitt agitate the nightly thoughts of the English pamphletten, and cry to them, Hatred to France ? Is London about to became • second time the centre in which the most insensate in trigues will be concocted against our country ? Will the British press again distribute through the world those odious pamphlets which filly years ago disseminated between France and England so much national indiges tion? To see the persistence of these outrages and calum nies, one would imagine that a mot rfordre is acted on to excite against France the arms of hatred and vengeance. The French government is so high placed, that it can des pise these insults and calumnies, and content itself in the serenity of its dignity with re-establiehiug the truth which has been so impudently violated. And, besides, we com prehend that when one is supported by the suffrages of a whole nation, ens may disdain the powerless bloom which are given in a foreign country by a vulgar and anonymous hand. But, if there is not hero the principle of • diplomatic difficulty, there is at least for us who see the majesty of our country insulted b • British libellant, • sentiment of national susceptibility which arises and festers in our heart. The French people has suffered, and will never suffer other nations to intervene in its internal affair+, either by their sovereigns, or ministers, or journals. It intends to be respected as a people merits which has always marched at the head of civilisation, and which now again has just saved the world from anarchy. It insults no one, and will not allow itself to be Insulted. And when, by the calm of its pacific mani festatioos' it has just given so marked an example of its respect for authority—when, in dissipating in the political horiun the revolutionary clouds which darkened it, it has ensured the repose and the future peace of Europe, is it wise or proper or prudent to witted that ea- Venal sentiment which for thirty years has had so much dif ficulty in restraining itatlf. What! the French press has fur the last thirty years been making unheard of efforts to draw closer the bonds of union and friendship which ought to unite France and England. It preaches up without ceasing the oblivirot of the old hatred which eaisted ; it praises the English people, and speaks of their affection for trance; it accomplishes, in a word, the mission of those we.l inclined men who desire to consolidate universal peace by mutual sympathy, and by the fraternity of nations. And to that work of concord and magnanimity the English preen responds by insults and calumnies, borrowed from the gazetteers of the times of the masulate and the em pire. But we do not render the English people, and still less its government, responsible for the insults of a press de voted to coteries and directed by badly.disguiied passions. This ablative language, we are certain, excites as much in dtgoation on the other side of the channel as amoogit us. May there not be at the bottom of all these incomprehen sible attacks some personal ambition, which it is sought to satisfy by throwing the germs of hostility between France and England ? There ere men whom the passion of power often urges to the most deplorable attempts, and who would not hesitate to trouble for that object the repose of societies. The wisdom of the French and British governments, the interests which unite them, the sympathies which exist be tween them, will know how to halo these disloyal ma noeuvres, and cause them, if they exist, to end in a ridiculous failure. M. Oirardin has replied to-day with becoming indignation to the stale and absurd assumption of M. tinnier de Cassanac, that, but for the coup oracle of December, France would have been the prey of pillagers and murderers. The ditor of the Preset points to the rank and merits of the men who have been expelled by the government. But it is needle= to repeat his arguments here, as everyone knows that M. Oranier's bugbear is a mere invention to pen the people in the imperial fold out of terror for ima ginary wolves. What is more to the purpose is the emphatic form of the denial. M. Girardin says at the close of each triumphant refutation," Sir, you are • liar," "You are a liar and a slanderer"—language which, according . to French usage, can only be an swered by an invitation to appeal from the pen to the sword or pistol. Oirardin, since his fatal rencontre with Carrel, has, I believe, been converted from duelling. Grapier has no alter native bat to challenge his adversary ; but it does not seem probable that his challenge will be deemed more respectable by the editor of the Press* than it was by . M. Creton, who refused either to fight or to apologise, after having called M. Granier in the Assembly a miserable pamphleteer. M. Fleury, the President's aide-de-camp, has set out upon the line of journey to be performed by the Prince between the 15th September and the 16th October. He is charged with the duty of making every arrangement about relays of poet-horses where noosssary, &c., &c. The President's train is to con sist of 12 carriages. It is said that Cavaignac will not stand again at the Paris elections. It seems pretty certain that his having refused the oath would be sufficient pretext for the government to declare him incapable of coming forward. The Liberte, of Arras, is about to receive a warning. The ifoxiiewr contains a decree approving the Imes made to the state by the eity of Paris of the large spars la dm Champs Spies for the construc tion of an seise issased ts serve for national exhibitions, yids awe= Land civil and military fetes, and er the ssawildsa by wide the Naar of the Interriw ban swessied the ssostesstiss of the edifies te XII. Alain and Company. Thus the anal mistime is given te the 1101:6011 of a Crystel Pelage in Peek Maths decree prescribes regulations for the 111•11111111 sfeliambers of commerce, declares that fiver, Wise aged at least thirty, and having been in bedew st hest lee yeses, and that retired traders and menelhetatere duly domiciled shall be eligible ; and directs that the mew &when shall be elected within six months. By another decree the export duty now payable open "duvet" of cashmirs is suppressed. The Moniteur also contains a report of the minister of marine, submitting to the approbation of the Pre sident a new set of regulations of the internal ser vice on board vessels of war. The object stated by the report is to produce in all the details of the service that unity of which the code Napoleon set an example in legislation. The present regulations comprising 1,584 articles, prepared by a board of °Moors, and approved of by the council of the admiralty, are then completion of the new orders of August 15th. otwithstanding the positive rules there laid down with regard to many details of the service, an officer transferred from one squadron to another, from a distant station for in stance to the active division in the Mediterranean, is still exposed to find on board his new ship a differ ent mode of carrying on the service to that which he had previously been accustomed. All these inequalities are to disappear, so that any commander may at any moment, ho able at a glance to check the slightest departure from a universal rule. One of the now articles relates to preparation for combat, another to the arming of boats, and another on measures to bo taken against boarding. A solitary exception to the general rule of unity is, that the minister has not thought fit to adopt a sort of tariff of punishments, temporarily in use in the fleet, whereby an officer was compelled to inflict upon men of different characters and conduct precisely the same punishment for the same offence. The articles of the new code have been sanctioned by decree of the Prince President, dated the 38th, and are to be published in the Bulletin des Lois. A telegraphic despatch has been received an nouncing the death of General Blangini, who com manded at Orleans. The prefect of the Vosges, revoking his decree which fixed tho municipal elections of Epinal for the 28th of August, has postponed them indefinitely, upon tho ground that intrigues have been secretly carried on of a nature to hinder the free expression, of the wiahes of the electors, and that proceedings against the authors of these intrigues have been instituted. I lately mentioned an instance of a com mune having so &r mistaken the spirit of existing institutions as to get up a serious opposition to the government eandideles for the municipal council. The eppmitioo was esecessful at the poll, but the prefeet immediately dissolved the elected coun cil and isatelled hie own twos by way of vindi oat2gthe isibpeadeace of the sommune. At Epinal, iit ihreeems that the eleationm would turn out unfavourably, they are postponed until a sufficient example ' made of the opposition leaders, shall explain to the inhabitants the tree nature of universal suf frage. Generally speaking, however, this is perfectly understood already. With few exceptions, the polls for the municipal councils aro as thinly attended as were those for the councils-general and councils of arrondissement. One remarkable instance to the contrary is paraded in the Nonacid,- to-day, with a view, probably, to prove both the enthusiasm of the electors and the freedom of the suffrage. The men employed in the arsenal of Toulon met on the 21st and 22nd, to proceed to the election of municipal councillors. All the men present voted, and the pro ceedings pawd off with the greatest order. Of 2,611 registered electors, 2,427 voted for the government candidates. M. Cuabianca, the ex-minister of state, arrived at Avignon on Thu rsday, on his way to Corsica, to pre side at the sittings of the council-general. Ho is, according to the 31enwrild de Yawluse, charged with an important mission, having fur its object to introduce various ameliorations in the material con iition of Corsica. It is reported at tho Bourse that a clue has been obtained to the discovery of the authors of tho for geries of the Bordeaux and Cetto scrim It is said that the forgeries have been committed at Bordeaux, and that the manufacturer of the forged paper is in custody. New declarations of the false scrip arc re ceived daily. They amount already to upwards of 200,000 fr. . . . _ Much curiosity is excited by a new sort of oblong balloon, which is to go up from the Hippodrome to day. At the Bourse the Four-and-aaalf per Cents. fell 30e., closing at 104.75; the Threes fell 60c., and closed at 75.H0. The Dieppe and Fecamp Railway fell 7.50; Paris and Lyons, 3.73; Sceaux rose 23; Bordeaux and Tcstc, 10 ; Avignon and Marseilles, 8.75; St. Germain, 7.30; Montereau and Troyes, 5; Rouen, 2.50. FRANCE. PARIS, TUESDAY ETINIIIIO. The Mu:deur, after two rounds of journalistic pu gilism with the Times, has retreated to the secondary position of bottleholder, handing over the rude con tinuation of the combat to the Pays. If the latter paper were better deserving of its title, that is, if it represented more nearly the natiossi b :dalea of of Frame, the tomethis article *said net a pre/sand esneaties ea the saw die etthe et i n a er =n a y ease, ee me easing ken what say be now die dist ministetiel asps, it twits the Whet attention. It is Weed new plain that the French government is heat mew using =done' inti midation u an instrement tie compressieg the We. pendenoe of the Eogßsl prem. "The French pelvis; says the Pays,"hasneverenihned, nor wilieTersolie, other =fiats to intervene inibisternalaffiti.raby their newspapers." What is the winsidag of this? How is it possible to prescribe to an inispleident nation the limits of its sphere of discomissP Where is the line to be drawn between theme topics which foreigners are to be allowed to handle in their public journals, and those which are tabooed. The truth is that the internal affair, of Franco can never cease deeply to concern England, and to involve moral, political, and material interest which can never be matters of indifference to Englishmen, but must in evitably react upon our own relations. At this moment, if there had not been an independent English press to domain the coup data of Decem ber 2 and its coasequeness; if two or three tory organs had been suffered, without contrudictioc, to paint the now government installed in France in the brightest colours of the Youiteur, millions of British capital more than have ventured into the volcanic region of French speculation might have been now contributing to form railways, which may be at no distant day torn up by the wild soldiers of &acute. If only the fair side of the consequences of substitut ing a despotic for a constitutional government had been represented ; if the abolition of parliaments, of public discussion, had appeared to Englishmen at tended by the unqualified blessings ascribed by. M. Granicr de Cassagnac to those bold innovations, might not the faith of our countrymen have been shaken in those institutions which they have so long regarded as the foundations of their prosperity, mo rality, and national strength. The least relaxation of a faith in principles, which have led to satisfactory results, i s thu first step towards decadence. What is now passing in France, so long as it is truly repre sented to the - English people, will tend to confirm them in the old Articles of their political religion, and make them spurn the quackery at home which promises miraculous miults from new and mysterious elements. The French fox has lost his brush, and would fain persuade him neighbours to cut off theirs. Not succeeding to his heart's content, he becomes quite envy, as the Pays and Moniteur by their indignant contortion show. A crusade against conscience is uphill work; and its conquests require too many bad men to garrison them long with effect. But the rage which demands that a foreign nation should witness with respectful ' BELGIUM. The Independanee of Brussels contradicts the as sertion of the Emancipation, that the French and Belgian governments, on the occasion of the literary convention, had agreed upon the principle of an ar rangement relative to trade marks. No stipulation on the subject was adopted or even projected. The Brussels journals publish the official returns of the imports and exports of Belgium during the first seven months of the present year. They pre sent a marked improvement, and show that Belgian commerce is steadily on the increase. ITALY. ROMAN STATES. Letters from Rome, of the 24th ult., inform tut that the Pope was to visit the church of St. Louis des Franests on the 2.lth, where a funeral monu ment wu to be inaugurated to the memory of the French sold ler' who fell during the siege of Rome; their remains having been carefully collected and interred under the monument, which has been executed by M. Andre, a young student of the French Academy at Rome, under the direction of a commission pre sided by Col. Blanchard, of the ,13rd, and M. Pages, military sub-intendant of the troops at Rome. It is white and black marble, with the following inscrip tions: "To the French soldiers who died under the walls of Rome in 1849, their brethren in arms of the expeditionary corps of the Mediterranean." " A daily mass for the repose of their souls has been founded in this church by his Holiness Pius IX.— Prey for them." GERMANY. AUSTRIA. The Vienna Gazette continues to publish the sen tences of the Pesth court-o•.artiaL Last Friday it contained five columns of this intelligence, concluding with, " To be continued in our next. " The A'efe Gazette if the Oder mentions that during the Emperor of Austria's recent journey in Hungary he promised the most liberal rewards to any one who should find the crown of St. Stephen, which disappeared in the revolution. His Majesty has p • a million of florins to three magnates, who are suspected of being in correspondence with Kossuth, if they should encored in discovering the crown. The clergy have called on their flocks to Five all the information in their power on this sub ject. The annual official inspection of the crops in Bo hemia has just been concluded and reported on. The result gives 42 per cent. of crops classed as good, 17 per cent. bad, and the remaining proportion of an avenge yield. The Prague Gazette concludes a dis criminating review of this report with the remark that, in respect of fertility, the present is a good average year. WURTEMBERO. The Ring returned to Friedrichehefen on Aug. 24, and had a long conference with the Finance Minis ter. The next day the State Councillor Knapp in formed the Chamber that if the budget, as p rep ared by the government, were not at once adopted, an immediate prorogation might be looked for. AMERICA. COLLISION ON LAKE ERIE.-THREE HUNDRED LIVES LOST. (71110 N OUR OWN CORRISTONDII [IIIIT RLICTRIC TILZORAPRI • LIVERPOOL, SRPT. 1. The United States mail steam-ship Pacific hu just arrived in our river, with 93 passengers, 600,000 dol lars in specie, and three days' later news from the United States generally. The Pacific sailed from New York on the 21st ult. --- TbeAMericaTsteanzerAtlantic, plying on Lake Erie, came in collision with the steamer Ogdensburg on 20th August, and went down in 30 minutes. She had on board 500 passengers, and we lament to state that 300 were drowned. __ The stack market at New York was very active. Stock was changing . hands at full priori, and the commercial business in the chief commercial ciliss of the union is reported to be brisk. The money market at Now York continued easy, and money was to be obtained at very moderate rates. The market for brambling" was brisk, and at a slight advance in price. In the cotton market there is no particular change. But little was doing, and that without change in Prim In provisions the market is dull with a slight de cline in prices. In freights higher rates are demanded. Exchange on London stood at 1101 to 1101, and the demand good. WALKING ON ME CeILINO.—Au extract from the tVoiese :standard, Wayne county, states that on Saturday afternoon it wits advertised that Mr. It. Sands, circus per former, would, among other things, walk across tho ceiling with his feet upwards and his head downwards, by means of a scientific apparatus appended to his feet. The experi ment was successfully made by Mr. It. Sands, and the audience went away perfectly satisfied with what they had seen, all except ono person, who 'aid Mr. Sands could not perform the feat out of the circus. Mr. Sands offered to exhibit the same performance in any place where a ceil ing having a smooth surface of sufficient strength to sustain his weight could be obtained. The large room in the Town hall was selected. Mr. Sands repaired to the hall, and com• menced his antipodal performance over the ceiling at an elevation of 18 feet from the floor. Ile bad proceeded seve ral steps, and %yes in the act of returning, when a large por tion of the plaster gave way, and he was precipitated to the floor beneath. Mr. Sands was taken op senseless. His neck was broken by the fall, and death ensued instantly. Tlle ELECTon oY IfESSE CAMEL and his family' were among the passengers bj the train which ran off the rails a few days since on the aris and Strasbourg Railway. A deputation of the Second Chamber of his States waited on him soon after his arrival at Cased to congratulate him on the escape, fortunate for him at least. Vbe Court. Messrs. Thornton. attended M the Foreign-office yestor- Air, on the subject of the claims on Portugal. Mr. Conyers had an interview with Mr. Secretary We!- pole yesterday at the Hums office. Mr. Mark Boyd transacted business yesterday at the Admiralty. Mr. J. B. Smith, M.P., has returned from the Continent, where he was for a time confined by a serious Hine... Ile still continues in a prostrate state. (Fees last sight's Gesette.)_ DOWNING-811;BM AUGUOT 30.—ifhe Queen has been pleased to appoint William Arrindell, Esq., to be Chief Justice of the colony of British Golan', ant Robert R. Craig, Esq., to be her Majesty'. Attorney-General, and John Lueie Smith, Esq., to be her Majesty's Solicitor- General for that colony. ADMIRALTY, AL'Grter 20. Corps of Royal Marines.—Gentleman Cadet Henry Day llybout to be Second Lieutenant. COM3IISSION SIGNED BY TIIE LORD LIEUTENANT or RUTLANusmilm—Cieurge Fludye►, Esq., to bo Deputy Lieutenant. COMMISSION SIGNED DT THE LORD LIEUTENANT or NUILTIIVIIICKULAND.—The Right lion. Sir George they, Bart., to be Deputy Lieutenant. COMMISSION SIGNED BY THE LORD LIEUTENANT Or LANCASIIIRE.—John Digby, 8•q.,t0 be Deputy Lieu tenant. THE MILITIA. The following commissions have been signed: Lient.•Cul. William Holme Sumner to be Colonel of the bit Regiment of the Royal Surrey Militia, vice James Bogle Delap, 4ecrascd. Charles Thornton Dueshury to ho Ensign, East York Militia, vice Colin Watson, re,igncd. William Henry Ward to be Ensign, East York, Tire John Smith, deceased. . . . . John ',Liner to be Surgeon, East York, vice Matthew Chalmers, deceased. THE QUEEN'S PROGRESS TO SCOTLAND. BALLOONING \VIM ANIMALS. PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE MAGISTRATE. Yesterday the Secretary . of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals renewed, at the West minster Police Court, the application for a summons against the manager of Cremorne Gardens, which he had unaoc neurally urged at Hanamenimith the day before. Mr. Thomas said his first application had reference to the balloon ascent which took place at Crenturne on the 23rd of / August, when a M. Poitevin went up on the buck of a pony suspended from the machine, and carried it so hanging to Wimbledon. He asked that a summons might issue against Mr. Simpson, the manager of Cremorne, and M. Poitevin, the find for permitting nod the second for perpetrating this act of cruelty. He relied on the 12th and 13th Vict., cap. 92, which enacted "Roily person shall cruelly beat, ill-treat, overdrive, abuse, or tor ture, or shall cause or procure to be cruelly batten, ill treated, ill used, or tortured," he should he liable to the penalties prescribed in the statute. He considered that the words " ill.treated," "ill-used," or "tortured," applied to the case, as he had professional evidence to show that the animal suffered much tinder the hands of the parties complained of. The proprietor of the gardens increased his prices, and made a large profit by the exhibition. His attention was drawn to the cruelty of the proceeding of animals being ill•used in this manner, and hi• reply was. that he was under a heavy hood to allow the aeronaut to make a certain number of ascents. In reply to tl;;magiSivite, -.. /ir. Thomas said that Mr. Sinipsou was present and directed the ascent. Coder the second se. tons of the act any person t ngsged in the cruelty war. clearly liable. Mr. Harry Dew., of Dukc.strect, Malichester.siluare veterinary surgeon , deposed that a horse must suffer from the treatment described. It was one of the grossest cases of cruelty ever Ilitnesaed. The weight of the animal and that of its rider was supported by strings, by which the animal was suspended. Mr. Arnold—You consider, then, it would suffer much. Mr. Dews—Decidedly ; because it's an unnatural posi tion to be suspended in either in health or deoase. A horse SO suspended would suffer more than • human being. Thu moment the feet were off the ground the whole weight would he concentrated at the posterior and luter.or parts of the abdomen. Mr. Thomas—Mr. Green, the aeronaut, has been up on a horse; bat, owing to the system adopted to convey it, tko complaint made in Monsieur Poitevin's case did not arise. Mr. Greco hail a platform on which the horse stood, but here the poor animal not only has to bear its own weight, but that of its rider, without anything to pat its feet upon. Mr. Arnold—You say Mr. Simpson was present; was he doing anything ? Mr. Daws—lfe was superintending and giving direc tions respecting the ascent, and said, " Dosi't let it go up till seven o'clock." Mr. Arnold (to Mr. Thomas)—Take your summonses. Mr. Thonias—l also apply fur pummonsca against the same parties, including Madame Poitevin, for making a similar ascent on the 26th ult. On that occasion she was on the horse, the husband being in the car. Mr. Arnold—You can have them. ARRIVAL AT YORK. Her Majesty, Prince Albert, and the Royal children left Derby soon after 9 o'clock on Tuesday morning, and arrived safely at York at 11.13 a.m. About an hour previous to the arrival of the Royal train many of the citizens had taken up their stand at the extre mity of the Reigate curve, where the York and North Mid. land line joins the York, Newcastle, and Berwick Railway. The snivels were continuous up to the time when the Royal train made its appearance, at which period there would be about three thousand persons assembled. They formed into two lines, standing on each side of the rails ' along which the 'loyal carriages had to pass. Considerable excitement prevailed, all present endeavouring to obtain as good a place as they could for a favourable sight of the Royal party; and as soon as the train arrived the loyal citizens of York testified their affection far her Majesty, Prince Albert, and the Royal children, by several rounds of hearty cheering. As soon as the train was brought to a stand the greatest eagerness was manifested by the immense crowd of people to obtain a sight of their beloved sovereign. The carnage containing her Majesty was almost besieged by the multi tude, who cheered in the most enthusiastic manner. Iler Majesty and Prince Albert several times came to the windows of the royal carriage, and bowed in acknowledg ment of the flattering reception they met with from the Citizens of York. Her Majesty appeared to be in the en joyment of good health, and seemed in excellent spirits. The directors of the York and North Midland Railway present on the occasion were: Mr. Thompson, the chair man, Mr. l'rice, Mr. Williamson, Mr. Jowitt, and Mr. Priestman. The directorate of the York, Newcastle, and Berwick Railway Company consisted of Mr. Leeman and Mr. Ltichman. A number of the York police, under the superintendence of Mr. Chalk, were present to preserve order and regularity, and the ground was kept by the 6th Enniskillen Dragoons, who appeared on foot in full uniform. The soldiers immediately presented arms on her Majesty's arrival, and the excellent band of the regiment played with tine effect the National Anthem. . _ The royal train remained at the Ilelgate curve only a few minutes to allow time for • change of locomotives. The York and North Midland engine having been detached, the York, Newcastle, and Berwick engine was festentd in front of the royal train, and the august party proceeded at once northwards, amidst the acclamations of the multitude, who " rent the skim with loud applause." Mr. Harrison, the engineer of the York, Newcastle, and Berwick Railway Company, drove the engine, which is new, powerful, and beautifully painted. It was decorated with the letters V. R. and• star. The York and North Midland Company's locomotive, which was employed to convey her Majesty, was nieelydecorated fur the occasion with a large and de gent crown and sceptre, placed upon a crimson velvet cushion. In front of the engine was a beautiful and spirited painting of St. George and the Dragon. There were also appropriate flags, stars, and the motto, " Long live the Queen and Prince Albert." . . The royal train being out of s'ght, the vast concourse of spectators departed, and the 6th Enniskillen Dragoons pro ceeded back to York Barracks, the band of the regiment playing lively airs in passing through the streets. DARLING ros. The royal train reached Darlington at a quarter past 12. Arrangements had been made by the magistracy of the dis trict (and their clerk, J. S. Peacock, Esq.), in whose hands the charge of the station was placed, fur the admission of the public to the platform, which was well filled. A por tion of it was railed off, which was reserved for the magis trates, clergy, and the more rule of the inhabitants. There was • very large number of persons congregated outside the station, along the aides of the railway, who enthusiasti cally cheered the Queen as the train enter,d the station. A body of the Durham county police were placed at the station to preserve order, but the loyal and respectful de meanour of the people required neither curb nor spur. A basket of fruit from the gardens of the Duke of Northum berland, at Stanwiek-park, was presented to tier Majesty, as was also a beautiful bouquet, culled from the Orange nursery gardens of Mr. Harrison, the latter being presented through Harry Pease, Esq., of Pierremont. Some disappointment was felt at the train stopping in such • position that the royal carriage was placed opposite the unreserved portico of the platform, so that those who had secured the privilege of entree to the reserved stands were unable to see the Queen, except for • moment, as the train passed. The great bulk , however, on the platform were favoured. After a stoppageof about five minutes, during which time the engine took in water, the train departed amidst the loud cheers of her Majesty's loving subjects. NEWCASTLE, QUARTER-PART ONE. The royal cortege will arrive in the Central Station here tan minutes hence, where her Majesty and royal suite will leach. The corporation, magistrates, and other func tionaries are in attendance. There is also a guard of honour from the barracks present. There is a large con- course of poisons in the station, who are conducting them- selves with the almost propriety. (111 T ZLICTILIC Her Majesty, the Prince Consort, and euite, arrived at Neweastle-on-Ifyne at half-put one o'clock, partook of luncheon, and at two o'clock took their departure northward. The royal party arrived at the Bt. Margaret's station, Edinburgh, at fire o'clock. and proceeded, through the Queen's Park, to the Palace of Holyrood, amidst the cheers of the population, who thronged the roads and surrounding heights. The royal party pro ceed northward at eight o'clock to-morrow (this) zoning. NOVEL LUGGAGE FOR RAILWATIL—An Irish woman travelling per London and North Western Railway from Liverpool to Manchester the other day, having secured tickets for herself and two children, presented a large boa, say 4 feet by 2 feet, and 2 feet deep, to the porters, which was placed at the top of one of the carriages. The box was not marked " Glass," or " This side up." In fact there was nothing about it to indicate that any particular care was re quisite in its transmission, and when the train reached Man chester it is said to have been sent down the slide from the top of the carriage on which it had rested sans c,'?..:inanie, and alighted with a bump on the landing stage which was calculated to produce concussion of the brain, if the box had possessed brains. But the porters never supposed the box id contain any brain., and they treated it like any other box. The Irish woman claimed the box, and but for • mistake on her part nothing more would probably hare been thought either of her or her luggage. She made the slight mistake, however, on getting the box free of cost from the porters, of opening it before she left the station, when out sprung two children who bad been packed inside, and who fortunately, it seems, had escaped either being ! smothered or gi tting concussion of the brain from this 'hazardous mode of treatment. The railway people now put in a claim for carriage, but who ever knew an Irish- I 1 woman with any money under such circumstances i " Get ' ' blood out of a stone," is an expression generally applicable to such cases; and, as they were not disposed to retain the children, the box and a few clothes which now lie at the station marked " 21. 7ld. to pay," are all the satisfaction they obtained or are ever likely to obtain. The children were 10 to 12 sears of age, and had been packed with a head at either end of the box, and, except a little bit of wood which appeared to have been accidentally chipped off one side the lid, had no opening for the admission of fresh air or ventilation. HINTS TO Horse OwNERS AS TO BETTING-SHOP TENANTS.—SeveraI of the betting-shop gentry are usually in league together, and they refer to ens another, and have so plausible a story that parties take thou as tenants with out suspicion, sad then so defective arc our laws that there is the greatest difficulty in getting them out and avoiding serious loss. We have a case before us to illustrate it. An owner had the misfortune to let a house some time ago to • nest of swindlers of this ascription. It is now shut up, has been so fur months, possession of it denied him, and a scoundrel pettifogger, in league with them, coolly tells him " You can do nothing till November, and unless you give us a sum of money (besides losing all the rent due) we shall keep you out as long u possible." The rent being just above Mt a year the county court is not available but the owner intends to see what the laws against conspiracy may do to punish such vagabonds, and we mention tho cir cumstance as a warning to other.—TM Builder. ALLEGED MURDER IN SMITHFIELD. Last evening Mr. Payne held a lengthened inquest st St. Bartholomew's Hospital on the hndy of Miry Ann Charnbrilayne, aged 3S years, whose death war aimed to have been cued by violence inflected on her iu Smithfield on the morning of Thursday week. John Ryan deposed that about .1 o'clock on the morotrig of the 20th ult. he was walking through Long-lane, smith field, when he Raw deceased lying in the road on her hack, and groaning very loudly. Two policemen tame up, and she was removed on a stretcher to the station.howw, and fawn thence to the hospital. Thon.as Smith stated that deceased lived with him at Foz•eourt, Turnmill•etreet. On the night of the 19th ult. they went home together and had supper. Witness went to bed at 12 o'clock, and left deceased eating her supper. Ho awoke at 3 o'clock the following morning, when she had gone. Soon afterwards a young woman, whom he did not know, came to him and said deceased was in the sta tion.house, and that she had been knocked down by two men. William Rowland, 217, City police, was on duty let Lore lane on the morning in question. lle heard the my of " Police," and, on going to the spot, found deceased lying in the road. She told witness that she had been knocked down by two men, and complained of a pain in her back; hot she did not know who the men acre. There was another woman on the spot, but he did Lot kwisr where to find her. . _ James Eames, 2.58, City police, deposed that, on the morning of the 20th ult., lac saw deceased with two men in Smithfield - bars. He as ked the men it they knew her, as she was the worse for hcluor, and they un,wered in the negaoise, and said they dad not want to. Da ceased told witness she was going towards West-street, hut, on going in that direction, she turned back again and went towards Long•lane. Witness saw the same two men standing in the pens near Long lane, and advised them not to go up that thoroughfare, as the woman had gone in that direction. One of the men said, " She had better not collar me again, or else I'll give her something." Shortly after ho met Constable Rowland, and whilst talking to him he heard • cry of " Police! stop thief!" which, on hastening to the spot, he found proceeded from a c.ibman, who, on witness's arrival, mounted hie vehicle and drove off at a rapid pace. He lifted up deceased, whom he found It ing in the road, but she could not stand, and was at once removed on s stretcher. She had been drinking, but was not incapable. Deceased told witness that the two men who had knocked her down ran up Lung-lane, towards Barbican. The two men might have passed round through the pens towards the woman without being seen by witness. He could identify one of the two men, as a gas lamp shone full in his face. There were no marks of violence to be seen on the woman. John Langdon, surgeon, said that when deceased wu brought into the hospital he found she had sustained a severe injury to the spine, and had several broken ribs. Sho died on Sunday afternoon, hut as ho bad made no post mortem examination, he could not speak positively as to the cause. Inspector Teague (City Pollee) deposed that when de ceased was brought to the station-house she told him that she had been knocked down by two men. The Coroner said that so this was all the evidence which could at present be brought forward, he thought it neces,ary to adjourn the inquiry, although there was very little doubt on has mind that the two men first seen by police-constable Eames with deceased, inflicted the injury on the unfortu nate female. It was requisite, however, to produce the cabman and the woman seen on the spot on the arrival of the police, and also to apprehend the supposed offenders. The investigation was accordingly adjourned. HEALTH OF LONDON DURING THE WEEK. The official report says : The mortality has de clined in London, and 980 deaths hare been registered is the fourth week of August. This number is less by 104 than the number registered in the previous week, and less by 144 than the numbers registered in the first week of August. Of the 980 persons who died 508 were males, 472 females; 558 were children under the age of 15,277 were adults of middle age, and 144 were people who had attained the age of 60 and upwards. 701 of the deaths occurred in the districts north, 279 in the districts south of the Thames. 120 of the deaths took place in public institutions, namely, 80 in workhouses, 28 in hospitals, 4 in lunatic asylums, 4 in military and naval asylums, 2 in the Dreadnought, and 2in the Westminster House of Correction. No death was registered in any other prison. Scarlatina is still prevalent ; it has destroyed the lives of 61 children. Fever was fatal to 32 adults and 16 children. Disrrhma was fatal to 107 children, 8 persons in the middle of life, and 10 of the age of 60 and upwards It is gratifying to obs erve the sudden decline of the deaths from diarrhas from 208 to 12.1; 15 deaths from cholera are registered, in cluding II children and 4 adults. Ten males and 5 females died of the disease, 12 on the north and 3 on the south side of the Thames. The death of the labourer's wile, aged 34 years, in Itotherhithe, after 15 hours' illness, is the most remarkable of the cases. to the interval between the two great epidemics of Asiatic cholera in the years 1832 and 1819 on the continent a par tial outbreak occurred, which did not reach England, and we may hope that on the present occasion this country may enjoy the like immunity. At the same time all the mea sures contemplated for purifying the earth, air, and water of London, and other cities, should be accelerated. Mr. Edward Joseph, registrar of the rectory sub-dis trict of Marylebone, adds the following note to his return of the week ending August 28th " Since the let of Au• gust 1 have registered the deaths of 19 children under one year old, the causes of which have been variously termed convulsions, dysentery, diarrhees, marasmus, &c. Most of these children were what is termed brought up by hand:" some of them were illegitimate. The mothers obtain situa tions as wet nurses,and their owe offspring are left without any one to take proper charge of them. The toed given is often improper, and it is irregularly administered. Usually in about four or five months death occurs literally and truly for the want of nature's own nutriment—breast milk." The registrar of Lewisham village, Mr. James Beldam, remarks that no death has occurred in his district since Au gust 8. Last week the births of 743 boys and 746 girls, in all 1,199 children, were registered in London. The average number in cram corresponding weeks of the years 181.5-51 was 1,331. The barometer stood on an average at 29.933 incites, and on some days was above 30 inches. The mean height of the thermometer in the shade was 61.2 degrees, or 4 degrees above the average. The dew-point was 8 deg. lower. The height of the thermometer was once 104 deg. in the sun, 46 deg. in the shade on the grass. The mean temperature of the polluted waters of the Thames was 67,', deg. acid 64.4 deg. The wind blew N.N.E. and S.W. at the average rate of 42 miles daily. One-tenth of an inch of rain fell on one day ; no electricity was shown during the week. GENER tf. STEAM NAVIGATIoN CoMrANT.—Tho fifty•fifth half yearly meeting of the shareholders in this company was held yesterday, at their office:, 71, Lombard street, John Wilken, Esq., in the chair. The report of the directors, and a statement of the accounts for the half-year ending the 30th June last, were read to the meeting and unanimously adopted by the proprietors. The customary dividend was then declared, and the cordial thanks of the proprietors voted to the chairman and directors for their zealous services in the management of the company's affairs, afta which the meeting separated. r , 1 r L V