The Express. — London, England, 1851-02-14 00:00:00

are allmute—you don t venture to say. (C heers.) But j b ow are you going to take off fire or six tons from t h e ag riculturists if you are not prepared to point out a substi ate ? (Cheers.) There is uolexly that wants to pay more than he does . and nobody that will bear increased taxation. (Cheers.) When the Chancellor of the Exchequer pro. peal to modify the stamp acts, by proposing a fair a valorem duty, the rich and the hieher sort of the m iddle claims resisted the increme. They said that if we are to have a modification you must begin very low, so that we may not have any addition il berdens. (Cheers.) You cannot shift the burden of taxation; for those on whom you lay a Heather's weight additional taxation will resist more than those from whom you remove a hundred weight will help you. (Cheers.) Therefore, if you pass the mo tion. it will be only a chimera. (Cheers.) The only way in which you can mitigate the taxation of the farmer is reducing the whole amount of your expenditure. (Cheers 3 The honourable member fur Hcre.fordshire said justice was protection. I say it is free trade. (Hear, hear.) Imy free trade is justice; you say protection ie. But do you think to win your cause by talking ouch childish non ease as that ? Everybody has justice in view. Do you suppose that oityfaely would advocate on injustice? (Hear, hear.) But 71 3 M you propose, after three years' mystification of the farmer 130 the subject of protection, to lead him through other three years. or till the dissolution of the present parliament, by the cry id an adjustment of taxation. (Hear.) I cora plain of that t because you thereby prevent the farmer entering own into other arrangements with his landlord which re iny would be for his benefit. (Hear.) There am .us thine. which the farmer. and landlords can do for them far more than we can do in this house to help them. In tact, nin. deaths of their difficulties might he got over by the land". nen and tenant.' themselves ; there is not more then on. .tintii in which this house Can at all assist in the removal. (Hear, hear.) Let us leave the 1.210.mm:a and farmers, in the first place, to ad just their ditheultiess amongst themselves. I will pot out something that will help them. (Hear, hear.) lama you think, if you were to alter your tenure, that it mieitt do good i Don't you think leases might be sal.yted w ath advantage ? (Cheering, and laughter from the prides tionirte.) New, what will eleotchmm nay to this? 1 no titian bass its one of the neceseary crneliliens of good !aniline, and there is a roar of laughter Iron the protec tioni•t fi.h• of the house. (Cheers, and counteraiheem.) plow. could anything MUM completely justify what I hare less a saying—that you hare not looked at the real means of pnadaiug)our slitheulties ? Don't you think there are e mi litione of Nadine, by an alteration in whit::: yea might improve the chaise sof your tenants ? Don't you think you might didn't:al the game a little ? (Cheers, and laughter.) I don't think you andentand much of the farmers' mind ate r all ; b cause fernier. never laugh wh m you talk of game. (Meer.) It was stated and proved iu evidence, be tae the maritime olduine4 by any hon. friend the m. miser fer Mantle sti r Mr. Bright), that the gam • on a farm where it aas preserved in the ordinary way—not in an ex. transeant war—east the tenants as much as all the local • and eomera! retie. (Hear, hear.) There is anther tor *hie,' I think very injurious to the farm -•r; and that is ti e , l a w of distraint. I think they are very much o p a ,' to that an, which gives a preferable claim to land bids suer the evils of their tenants for rent ; and, I he twee, If you a'ts red that law, you would very much in fo ar the amount of capital which tenants ore disposal to Ilsy out ik aen tit, land. (Hear, hear.) Are there tart things that might he dune by the landowners them Ave. to Mi ro.. the srlue of the land? Don't you think that a change us the wool of trauefer of land would he beneficial to the Weaned , Den% you think that anything which Ikeilitatad Ile trend. r of Lisa would nut only hare the effeet of raising it. value, Mit would a 1.., increase the number of t en d-owners and thereby tall into requisition a gr. a. r rmeunt of labour and diminish the amount o f peso (Hear, hear.) These are all things neeea lay to is 'hew, and which can only be done by yourselves. I ...aid ode G. you not to say one word about eonipensation, eiel not m any wry to stir this location again. I hear com p-...its tat Let importations of corn and grrin. As the • hen. zent.oia in (Sir James Graham) has well mid, that i.e .s tie advantage of repealing the corn law; and no et le r argument need be used, because that 'thews that the tuisours has brought comfort, plenty, and happinsas to the hones oil the unlit mais of the people. (Cheers.) II me yea ever carried it a little further, and asked what would has been the condition of the people if them , la ma le.. of own and dour that canoe last year into the country had ro-ver Is -- u brought here ; and if I nosy judge ha what I a.- now, with your good will you would hese kept it out ? (11. er, hear.) II warn you against entering into anutlser tar er sof e l le...nitro to the interest of the great me« of the people. I hope that the honourable gen- Ilene u on this side the house who represent Ireland •ill not hollow the rsample of the gallant colonel (Colonel Deem), who talked of the sufferings of Ireland, and would an- apt to Meet them by the exclusion of for. hen coin. (II ir. hear.) Let him read the last annual circular of • on. Stun. , and Brothers, of Birmingham, and notice the amount of leach Odeon wheat carried into Ireland fur r e e s o inipt,on there. (Ilein.. hear.) Does he look upon mod n. a cal unity, that the grain brought by our mer e'. mt. from Odessa shoula be allowed to go mid feed his s . ,wing suuntryinea ? (Hear, hear.) Oh, shame upon aeh au argument ! (Cheers.) Here are poor creatures his. been fed open lumper potatoes ; they have cow n chance of getting a loaf of wheaten bread; and e lion. and gallant gentleman raises a loud cry of de oeia nod falls lilt" u 113Mty4T11 of anger because these see polite are allowed r ho have as nice bread as hinmelf. t. tern and laughter.) I pe that my hon. friends who id beside bins will not follow the example of tee gallant colonel. Ile is following the course high he has always pursued ; and had it depended upon his good plea.ure not one grain of this cant WOlllll hare gone into Ireland at all. I hope the hen. g. minuets who sit beside him will not take a roma, ad sere, to their own convictions. I hope that no temporary , en itenient against the government will induce Diem to vete against the intenote of their own country and the goat maim of their countrymen. We know that the emit bulk of the taxation of this country is raised from the naisumers, the unrepresented manes of this country. (11. Al, hear.) And if there were no other reason for want ina you to pause in the course it is now proposed to take, it is hot you should br charged with great injustice to those iron lune on repreeentation in this house. (Cheers.) Mr. MODItH supported the motion upon strictly Irish grunds. That country did not share in the general prods platy, but pre-vaned a •• dismal antithesis of misery." which demanded instant inquiry. Ile was encouraged in rt., ~ 'll. sow by the idea that it Might embalms a govern in of wee had forfeited their character as supporters of o lasertv, for the sake of which alone had they le ntained 'in power. The hon. member then &- NIKO, into the subject of the papal aggression, declar ing that their conduct with regard to that affair would .1. erne the ministry of all credit among his fellow. omoiteesnen. Lard J. RUSSELL—Sir,—I can assure the house if 1 were sot pennoded that much more than the enttiarreses mint or fate of a ministry is involved in the discussion Of this night I should hardly think it necessary to trouble tie bowie at any length on this occasion. Indeed, had the home ben I, full as at present when the right hon. gentkingan the member for Ripon (Sir J. Graham) addremed Y. I .houhl have been ready to declare that I could add to the arguments which he laid down, and that I So. alai ready to abide the issue on the caw which he then Lid before the house. (near, hear.) But, sir, it becomes my duty wring the present stab, of the house—to enter hits the cousideration of this important motion—* motion ' •hi, b I must say, introduced as it was by a speech of great ahlrty and gnat moderation, is in itself, I conceive, as fraught with injurious and dangerous consequences, if approved by tla , houw, as any motion which within my public lite I alla trolled. (Hear, hear.) The hon. gentleman laid down • an at many propositions with respect to the state of We lauded interest--propositions which seemed to man saares b. n of the Wore to be serious propositions fed to le sled" d•-ration, but which I conceive were inteelini W tiko gum. the real objects of the motion. Weentk) friir the hue. gentleman told us. iu the first place, it was • very great hardship to the landed interest that they wens act allowed to grow tobacco. Now the simple answer to that is, that if you took a joint course, and removed the whole of the duty, or if you kept up the duty and enforced an came duty to an equal amount on the growers of to bacco, toil go, payment ; and that is the only way equality Can b. established—to adopt either of these courses would be to ewes. no tobacco to be grown in the United Kingdom what e„-r. (Mar, hear.) Well, the hon. gentleman neat entered ow a like grievance with reward to beet-root sugar : but the Low , r to that must be similar to that which applies in the ewe of tobacco. (Hear, hear.) The hon. gentleman next toes ale the tag on malt. But without entering into argu ment on the subject, I may say it is well-known that the eminent leader of the party to which the hon. member b. longs has declared that so large • portion of the revenue the country should nut he removed; and that if he were • member of this house he would give kis vote against such • proposition. ("Hear, hear," and cheers.) Sr, the other question brought before us war Wat of tithes, and upon that subject I must say that, following the right hon. baronet the member for Ripon, if there he a disadvantage in that bargain it 41 to the tills:owner, not to the landlord. (Hear, hear.) Sir, it is of coo importance at the present moment to consider what Ina the original tithe ; but the Present state of the case is that there is • rentscharge which is payable to the tithe owner, and. according to his own showing, if the present prui s we:. to continue the titlicowner would receive in a ▪ s years :U. for the 100!. at the time of the commutation. hen.) I must confess, if any such plan as the hoc. atemher for Buskinghanishire has laid down here were adopted, and • resettlement of the question effect. d by • diminution of the sum paid to the titheowncr, is more !Ominous act of robbery could not be perpetrated. (" Hear, am. and cheers.) But I cannot think the hon. gratlemos contemplated any such thing. Well, sic, sm other matter which the hon. member threw out was a 'Amu of the present local poor-rate into a national rate. (llier, hear.) That matter has been under iliscussion fee slwatlY, and most men who eonsidered it have come to the sorichuion that • scheme more destructive to enterprise, to 'tunny, and to the industry of the poorer chimer could aet hy possibility be adopted. (Loud cries of Hear, awe ) Sir, I consider the real subject of the Motion "file hon. gentleman is that protection which was eon • during the greater part of the speech. (" Hear," and tounsterial cheers.) It seemed to be the only thing on which a practical unman could ii formed; and it is worth th, while of the house to consider what was the course which th: lieu. gentleman proposed for adoption- (Hear, low). The hon. gentleman says that, "males Oita country, unequivocally, shall be in favour of protection, it shookt not be introduced." That might be very well, rem- SeWatt the government was a thing independent of pepsine "I'reseatat.n and popular election. Bat wpm,. • Flew basest miniemp, to whom the hon. gateman of come refers, were to go down to the constituencies to be elected, why the fint question their constituents' would ask them would be, whether or not they individually were in favour ' of free trade or protection? and they would be any- ; thing but satisfied with the intricate answer which the , hon. gentleman has supplied—namely, that " unless the ; c.suntry was unequivocal) in favour of protection, they ; would not introduce it." (Hear, hear.) (Jr they might say " protection is • very good thing were the country in favour of it, and with a large majority in the House of tom mons to vote fur and uphold it." (Hear, hear.) But, Sir, I no cons tituency would be satisfied with such an answer. • It has been truly said that the great man of the working ' claws of this country, whether employed in manufactures or commerce, or agriculture, now feel themselves interested ; in this question. (War.) When the question was under i debate, some ten years ago, it was commonly said by those , who were strongly in favour of protectiou, that "the working ' classes would obtain no benelftby the relaxation of the corn I laws, because, whatever the theaprices of food, the wages I would be reduced is proportion." (Hear, hear.) I believe that argument was successful with the working classes, and ; that for a considerable time, whatever the opinion amongst the middle class, it was said the working claws would not 'be gainers. (Hear, hear.) But what is the case now 1 (Hear, hear.) Do they not know that the reduction in I priers of food articles, and particularly in the article of bread, is greatly more than commensurate with the reduction in their wages ? (" Hear, hear," and cheer...) I The great maw of the people feel an interest in the question which they never felt before, and you will find that the maintenance and continuance of the u!) protection to he a s totally different question from the imposition of a new tax on corn, which the people, notwithstanding what has been said by the hon. member fur Stamford, believe will increase ' the pnee of the bread they consume. (Hear, hear.) Take the man requiring 12 Luanne for his family. If he now pays 3d. the loaf, and expecte to pay 6d., that makes a difference of Is. a week, which he has now to lay out on tea, coffee, sugar, or schooling for his children, and which he would have to pay if protection was re-established as an additional price of bread. And would he be indifferent in the matter it you should attempt again to mini the question and to propose • corn law? ((•heers.) Those gentlemen who would make such a proposition deceive thennelve. if they l i imagine that there would be any quiet iu the country, or any chant° of tranquillity during the discussion of this question anew. (Hear, heat.) They might propose to stand by the issue of protection—that would be an intelli gible course—hut that is not the proposition of the hon. Kentlenuut. (blear, hear.) Hui proposition was to have a euntinuel discussion and agitation el the question—to have nothing settled, and to have everything in abeyance. (Hear, hear.) The hon. gentleman should do either the one thing or the other—he should either say, that however excellent the system of protection. the time for it was past, or we will stand by the system of protection, and if it can be enforced, we are the per sans to govern the country ; but if protection cenaut be ob tained, ie mint be for other persons to do so who profess other doctrines and other views. It was dangerous and oateir not to start the subject—to throw it louse, as it were, an the coun.ry, and not to take one side or the other, and ask the house and the country to decide upon it. (Hear, hear.) During the time that the question would be under die:union, there would be great uncertainty in all commercial transuctiene, and doubts would come over the minds of every one respecting the na ture of the proposition that would Isi made. A (en emy ago the land-tax amounted to tn., 3.., and 4e. in the pound, and that was at a time when the rent of land was not one-fourth of what it is at present—(hear, hear) ; and when the hon. gentleman the member for Burk inghantshire says that 2,000,0001. is now payable, I say that is payable out of more than 40,000,0001., which is now the income fonn land whilst the former was paid out 8,0u0,0001. or 10,000,0011/. (Hear, hear.) That is of itself a great diminution M the burden. But with re gard to local burdens, hawses, mines, canals, and railways, all these classes of property come in and hear a large por tion either* burdens. (Hear, hear.) My right hon. friend showed that only • few years ago the land paid 64 per cent. of the whole burden, whereas now it did not pay more titan 44 per cent. (Hear, hear.) Why that of itself is a great change, and a charm in favour of the landed interest. If you allow these tiling, to go na—if you allow men to vest their money in industrial enterprises—l believe you will do much more to favour the landed interest than if you attempt to interfere with the present state of the finance* of the country. (Hear.) It is an easy thing fur a person in opposition to say, with regard to a particular burden of which he is the advocate, " Let it be transferred to the consolidated fund." That is an easy thing to ans. It may be no difficult thing to do ; but it is a difficult thing to bear—(cheers)—because the consolidated fund is compiled of the taxes on tea, coffee, and sugar, and various other taxes affecting the working claws of this country. (Hear, hear.) Now what has been the policy pursued since 1842 ? It has been to apply the means which were derived from a surplus revenue to the diminution of those burthene which pressed on the labour and industry of the country. Such was the policy which Sir Robert Peel introduced into the legislation of the country, and we have proceeded on the same principle and adopted measures of the same kind. After redwing nearly 10,000,0001. of taxes, and imposing little More than 0,000,0001., we find that the balance. of 6,000,000/. is restored to the exchequ er by the increased mean, and energy of the people. Hear, hear.) I ask the how*, then, what there is to in duce them to change this system. With regard to the revenue there is no reason to change it, because the revenue is found to be suf ficient, and you have a surplus in the exchequer: with regard to the employment of the people, there is no reason to do we for even in the agricultural counties the employ ment of the poor has increased, and there has heen • dimi nution of ten per cent. in the number relieved in four yearn. On looking to crime, I find that in 1848 the number of permits committed was 30,319; in 1849 the number was 27,816, in 18.10 it was 26,793, showing a diminution between 1848 and 1850 of 3,556. (Ilene, hem.) Now, if what re gard to the employment of the people ; if with regard to the finances, if with regard to the state of crime, you have • great advantage in the-A: respects, are you losers by the present system i Do you find any reason to change in the general state's!' the people and the political tranquillity that prevails ? (Hear, hear.) By those who considered the events of the last few years, it cannot be denied that the abrogation of the corn laws tended to the tranquillity of the couutry—(hear, hear) — and that those who might have been induced, by the example of revolutions in Mewed every country of the continent, have been restrained by seeing that the legislature of the country was not indifferent to the condition of the great mesa of the people. (Hear, hear.) I beg of you not to severe that lesson. These great queetions of government —these questions of absolute government on the one hand, end of liberty on the other, are not yet settled. (Hear, hear.) They may he settled in favour of as party or the other, we may see absolute govern ment restored, and we may see democratic revolutions sweeeed ; but whatever may be the case 1 should be grieved if I thought the great mass of the people of this country should be induced by your restoration of a law which would enhance the price of food to consider that by imitating the democracies of the continent they could obtain one advantage over that liberty and prosperity which they now derived under the ancient institutions of this country. (Cheers.) I hope, therefore, that this house will countenance no restoratiou of protection. (Hear, hear.) My uneasiness, sir, on this occasion my solicitude that parliament should not adopt the motion of the hon. member— seism, nut from any anticipations connected with the porible discomfiture of the present administration, or • temporary defeat that it might sustain upon the result of a division, but it is founded on my solemn conviction that such an adoption of his proposal would tend to results rote contrary to those which he appears to anticipate. tad cheers.) My belief is, further, that it would tend te ble Injury to the very 'interests which he more espe y advocates. I think that the country at large would keg have to deplore the day on which parliament was per vaded to change • course of policy on the part of her Ma jesty's ministers, the beneficial consequences of which, I ap prehend, I have succeeded in demonstrating, furanothcr the ultimate disastrous issue of which I think we may foresee, I am of opinion that the people of England would be finally rained by our adoption of such a course as the hon. gentle man has called upon us to pursue ; and that we should, by listening to his proposition, jeopardise that general condi tion of tranquillity and content, the possession of which we have such just reason and cause to boast of, and the exist ence of which not even the hon. member who has brought forward the motion now before the house has ventured to deny. In the name, therefore, of the great leaded interest of this country, of the farmers themselves, of the whole English people at large, I call upon this house not to affirm the proposition of the hon. member fur Bucks. (The noble lard sat down amidst continued cheering.) Mr. DISRAELI, at the cloth of • protracted debate, hoped that the house would not think hum unreasonable if, as this occasion he availed himself of the customary, the arbitrary privilege of a reply, awarded by the usage of pars Bement to any hon. member who had brought forward • proposition of • nature like that which had led to so Is.. Intt and remarkable a debate. (Cheers.) And he would, a i first instance, avail himself of this opportunity to rendl, in a few words, the attention of the house to what was really the subject of the proposition which had been se I brought before it. (Hear, hear.) The house would re collect that, on the opening of the present session, both houses -- the Lords and the Commons—had been congest*. hied by her Majesty, in a most gracious speech from the *rite, on the general prosperity which was enjoyed by dash all interests of this country ; but, and at the seas di* her Majesty deplored, still, the continued depression of em.-and that one a most important class of her sulgetee— mamely, the agricultural interest. (Hear.) The house, them hee. would agree with him, he thought, that after Ma • =lit had not been unreasonable in him to propoee to then ey should enter into the consideration of such • ease; if the interest thus peculiarly affected and depressed ; thth they shusW endeavour to enquire into the causes whisk had produced that depression, and should, if possible, indigene the remedies that it might 1* practicable to apply to web , evils. (('heers.) It was in this view—believing thst this ' suffering, and the " only" suffering clads of the cosathethip (according to the declaration in the silted' from the Wens, and the admission of members of her Midway's cabinet), was declining under an excessive and undue pressure of taxation, that ho (Mr. Disraeli) had taken the liberty of bringing this subject before the boccie ; and, accordingly, the q u estion before them really was, whether this distress of the agricultural eoranunity was or was not occasioned by such undue pressure of unequal taxation on that particular elan. (Hear.) The fact of the degree' bees fo . mou th ed in the speech from the throne. The =Me et this (Mr. Disraeli's) question he had now rimenteill j and this he must he permitted to say, was not the imam which the noble lord and some of his friends had been die. cussing. (Loud and continued cheering from the conserve. ties beaches.) lii had endeavoured to secure a fair cond• aeration of this— the teal question—by stating at the fret THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 14, 1851. with a frankness which he did not now regret, his own sentiments on certain other subjects which some might sup per' lietie connected with this. lie had said the other nlielirthat it was not his intention to make any attack, di rect or indirect, on the new commercial legislation of this country : (Hear.) More recently he had declared it to be his opinion that that which was popularly called the " pro tective " system should not be advocated with a view to the reenactment of the laws formerly regulating the trade in corn ; and be had further expressed his determination not to bring forward any proposal having for its object the es pecial advantage of one class exclusively, and over any other. Finding that the only specific which be knew of for reducing at once the admitted amount of agri cultural depression would not be carried, he had re sorted to a proposal for • change of the financial system un der which it had happened. (Hear, hear.) No gentleman could deny that two-thirds of the ee -1 tire revenue levied in this country were raised from one single crop of the produce rued by our farmers and the monstrous system of our excise applied to the crop of barley or the melt duty. (Hear, bear.) This enormous proportion of our public revenue was equal to the whole public income of the great empire of Austria. (Hear, hear.) Rut then the hon. member fur the West Riding dieaisses this consideration by calmly observing " that the consumer pays the malt tax. (Hear, hear.) That ever he (Mr. Disraeli) should have lived to hear the consumer so lightly ennsidered by a leader on that side of the house. (Cheers and laughter.) After appealing ti the evi dence of the see-eery of the Treasury, a most com petent judge, ad taken before the Select Committee of the Lords, in confirmation of these views of the enormous inequality of the taxation pressing on the agricultural interest, said its identity with the main cause of their dis tress, the hon. gentleman proceeded in a strain of great humour to address himself to the objections whi had severally been urged to his proposition by the right hon. the Chancellor of the Exchequer and the right hon. mem ber for Ripon (Sir J. Graham). The former, he said, came to this debate under the disadvantage of not having been present at • former one when a similar sort of proposition introduced by him (Mr. Disraeli) had been lost on a divi , Mon by an adverse majority not quite so large as that which ministers usually commanded in that house. It wasonly2l. (Hear.) No one could be more sincerely sorry than he himself was for the cause of the right honourable Chancellor of the Exchequer's absence: it was illness; and he had been inforwed that the smallness of that majority had exercised a very considerable effect in retarding the right hon. gentleman's recovery. (Laughter.) Now that right lion. gentleman was his (Mr. Disraeli's) old and constant political enemy—(laughter)—yet he had given him the most friendly warning, and especially exhorted him not to have recourse, as he reassure to do, to the reports of the poor law commissioners on this occasion. Ile had told him that if he did coo he would damage his (the Chancellor of the Exchequer's) own Mk'. But, despite of all he weld say, lie had repeated that imprudence, and he was suffering now for his rashness. (Laughter.) What could be the meaning of this ominous practice in a Chancellor of the Exchequer—always resorting for aid to poor law unions ? ' (Much laughter.) What did it mean? The right hone gentleman was himself an able-bodied Labourer, re ceiving good wages too, and yet, do what he could, re moirtnite as they might, there was the right hon. gentleman always prowling about the purlieus of the poorhouse--and there he now left him. (Renewed laughter, in which Sir Charles Wood very heartily joinel.) The eight hon. mem ber for Ripon (Sir J. Graham) had endeavoured, by putting on his best armour, to discomfit the proposition he (Mr. Disraeli) hail brought forward; but he had been scarcely lees unfortunate than his right boo. friend. lie had indeed got aboard the navigation laws fir the pur pose; but be must forgive him (Mr. Disraeli) for saying that never had that rght hon. gentleman made • more unproductive or disastrous voyage. The right hon. gentleman cited France as the ease of a country ruined by protectiou. There he said the price of corn was so low that the land was actually going out of cul tivation. That was not a m•atter of congratulation surely to gentlemen un either side of the house ; but it was also an unfortunate fact, that corn was continually royale; into our ports from this SLUM, France, where the Lind was going out of cultivation. (Protectionist cheers.) '1 he right hun. gentle man next asked how was the public faith to be preserved, if the assumed pe,lirywere adopted. lie (Mr. Disraeli) begged ti assure the right hou. gentleman that there was no glass more interested in the peewee: ion of the public faith than the owners and occupiers of land— (hear, hear)—and woe prepared to make greater elerifiree for the purpose. (Cheers.) All they said was— " Don't let us pay more than our fair quota." (Hear.) He now approached the eerie of the West !Udine. (Laughter.) That lion. pe•ntleinan called the present motion an avowed attempt to obtain rompeneation tor the repeal of the corn laws. The lion. member was quite mistaken. It was ' merely and solely a demand upon the IMUSC for that justice which they were entitled to for the present un- ' just system of taxation. The hen, gentleman further said, that the claim was founded on the assumption at the time of corn-law repeal, that there was an implied con tract that a certain price should be maintained. Nothing yield be more unfounded than that assertion. He (Mr. Disraeli) following in the wake of more distinguished wlvo cateelaboured throughout that discussion toshow that the con eequences of repeal would inevitably be a serious fall in pewee It was nut gentlemen on the protectionist benches, who were then glib with their estimates, who, with the recklessness of audacious ignorance, offered to the world their calculations. (Continued cheers.) Notwithstanding his grave assertion to the country, he believed that the hon. member himself was the prime offender with those atatis ties. (Protectionist cheers.) In one memorable speech that hon. Melnik r had said that the nearest approximation to what priers under free trade would be, that he could find, was the priers in the Island of Jersey. He found there that the overage fur 10 years gave 4Ss. to 495., and he thought that the opening of the trade with England and the consequent drain on the continental markets might add 35., and thus the hon. member settled to his own satis faction that the permanent price would be 515., the price at that time in Englund being 565. (Cheers.) He merely mentioned this to show who it really was that indulged iu amenities. (Cheers.) They (the protectionists) were asked to prove their distress. lie would not enter into that subject, but leave it to a sympathising cabinet, who had authorised an acknowledgment of that distress being inserted in the speech from the throne. The hon. member for the West Riding had said that the iron trade and the shopkeepers were suffering, and that cotton was not • bit too well off. In short, he (Mr. Disraeli) began to fear that all the prosperity was melting Into thin air. (A laugh.) The hon. member added, in that language which he (Mr. Disraeli) leas sorry to Ray was becoming parliamentary, that the farmers and owners of land were not the wily parties—meaning persons who wanted moistener., although they were the only parties to demand it. They, the owners and occupiers of land, did not went uoidauce. What they wanted was just legislation, and a modification of their unequal burthens. Ms honourable member for the West Riding also said that the malt tax was paid by the consumer, but a year ago he was of a different opinion, for on Jan. 12, 1840, he was all for sympathising with the farmer. He trusted there was so much public spirit in the members of that house that they would not be daunted by the mistaken notions of a prime minister, or the more authoritative threat that might reach them from other quarters. If there were any landowners present who felt that they were not doing their duty in supporting the motion, he trusted at least they would for the future take a more active part in defending the interests of their tenantry. This was mainly a farmer's qui anion, but from mistaken feelings, r he thought, the owners of the soil had not hitherto stood 'Omani to vindicate the interests of their tenantry. He touted, however, this would be the commencement of a new era, and he hoped that no man, whether owner or w eepier, would be afraid for the future of asking from in English parliament that justice to which every English subject was entitled. (Cheer') Mr. MUNTZ, who rose amidst general calls for a divi sion, admitted that protection could not be restored, but he was prepared to vote for the honourable gentleman's motion as he had stated it, uad according to the plain meaning of the words. Mr. GREENALL expressed his intention of voting f the motion.—The house then divided— For the motion Against 267 281 Majority for government l4 The announcement of the numbers was received by the apposition with loud and long.contiuuui cheering. RELIGIOUS ORDERS. Mr. OROGAN moved for returns showing the number of Jesuits, and of the members of any religious order, com munity, or society of the church of Rome, bound by monas tic or religious vows, registered pursuant to the act 10 Geo. IV., e. 7, a. 28, in the United Kingdom, subsequent to the 23d day of April, 1829; of all liven es granted pursuant to , said statute to all Jesuits or memtwrs of any religious order, community or society, as aforesaid, to come into and re main within the United Kingdom, subsequently to the said date; and of all Jesuit., or members of any such religious order, community, or society, as aforesaid, who shall have been prosecuted for any misdemeanor or oßence under the said statute, and subsequently to the said date. After some conversation, Sir G. OREY bad no hesitation in saying, that the re turns would be ail. Mr. ANSTEY said he should vote for the adjournment, And after a short discussion, the house divided on the question of adjournment. Ayes Noes Mr. M. O'CONNELL maintained that it was necemary to go into the question. It could not be gone into at that hour of the morning, and he therefore begged to move that the debate be adjourned. Mr. KEOGH supported the motion for th; adjournment of the debate. It was quite neeessary that the returns moved for by the hon. member (Mr. Grogan) should be before the house, sad he trusted that the motion which had ' just been made by the hon. gentleman (Mr. M. O'Connell) would he agreed to. lie (Mr. would strive by every means in his power to secure the adjournment of the debate. (Hear hear.) Sir G. ORE' submitted that after the explanations he had already given, the motion ought, in common courtesy to the ministry_ and to the house, to be withdrawn. Mr. OROGAN, after a few words in .aplanation, with drew his motion. Mr. ANSTEY wished that the law should be supported, and that a few of the Jesuits should be transported. The other orders of the day having been d i sposed ot, the house adjourned at a quarter past two o'clock. THE LEEDS TOWN COUNCIL, at a meet in g held on Wedne•dny, •greed to • resolution ligliUat all Wes on knowledge, including thaw on bode and paper. PARIAMENTARY DIVISION. HOUSE OF COMMONS. AGRICULTURAL DISTRESS.—Arse, 237; NOV, 231. AYES. -- - -- . Arland, Sir T. D. Fa. rer, Dente Mundy, William Adderley, avarice IL Felowak Edward Mintz, George F. Aliock, ilvituan Plover , Julie Blur., Cul. Aneon, Visecint Foil:Qv, William Nam, Lord 1 Arbuthnott, floe. IL Fo crier. lion. O. C. fierier. Jiciph I Arrhial I. C o pt. M. Fox, S. W. L. Neeld, John 1 ' Arkwright, !Morse Preece. Charles H. Neel!, J..seph ' Begge, William Fulser, Atiirtlil.Al• S. Kea legate. C. N. Begat, lion. W. Galwi.y, lircount Newport, Vie eruct t Darcy, Joseph Onekel, Janes Si. Noel, How G. J. I Rd le, H. J. Goddard, A. 1.. O'Brien, Sr Lucille i Baldock, Edward if. Gooeh, E4,urd S. ("Brim. Mr Timothy Ballwin, Charles B. Gould, Wyndham o • Cenner, Fearrin Bank.; George Garden, Admiral Vl...a:Arty, Anthony Swing, Mama Owe, N, It. thumb, Onul.ton, Lord Barrington, Viscount Grace, (Aim 1). J. Darrell, Alex tnd -r I Harmon, Thermo Onui`ry, Matquis of ?mice, Charls W. ' 'Bonet% Philip Grattan, Henry Primer, !Solari 'tenth:l4 Lord Henry °retrial', Gilbert Pe I, Orlonel Perkele Y, lion. G. F. °rosin, Edward Pennant. lion. Col. Pernaid, Visiount Giternov. Lord Print, Sir Robert Bet. John Gwyn, ilowell PlawdeL, WLliam H. Blackstone, W. 8. Itile, Robert B. Ph:moire, John P. Makemme, Richard Halt ti, 04 Henry Portal, Meted.° Mandrotd, Illwoull of Hall, Col. Powell, Col. l'ol.tro, Henry Cleo. Hal. y, Demon P. Power, Nicholas II oker, l'hom.re W. Hannoon, George A. Powlett, Lord W. Book, tit Bub rt O. Ilanclica, J. Haws Prime, Richard !trowel:on, ThomaaW. limall'oo,Dird Ovid Pugh, Davit Brerandarr, Richard Hare., Hon. Capt. Purley, 1 hilip Brlto, Margrete Haver, Sir Edmund Reid, Cl.r Bro idley, Henry ileatheote, Glib. J. Rendierhrim, lard Br admiral, Henry I leneag,, 0. 11. W. Reston, "Wm C. Hooke ' wr Arthur B . Ileac:ace, Idwerd Region. tato. W. J. B. oanillumph. Ilenlye, Joseph W. Itcycoldr, Joke Bruce, C. LC. lie-ri.e, Rt. ~on. J.C. Barbaro*, Richard Orion, Colonel 1111 lend, Lie ert C. Roche, Idwond S. Buck, Lem.' W. liddiard. Tn.,. B. T. Raeford, Francis Buller, ID John Y. I°ll, lord Edwin Rushout, Capt. Put:bury, V. Ml= M. Illolgron, U'lloam N. BedS-It, John Burghley, Lord Hood, s.r Al itiraler liandars, Grorge hurrell,etreharicaM. Hope, 11 my T. Stott, Hon. Franks Curroughce, Henry:. llo,e, Alexander Scaly, Francis Catibell, B.njainin R. Ilniaby, John Seaham, VoieJunt Carew, W. no. P. Heth on, Lott Sevmor, I henry Ker Coley, Edward 8. /Didion, tiort.re Sl6thorp, Colonel Chaplu, William J. Husker, William B. SidneY, Mr. Aid. Chichester, Lord J. L. Ingo' sv It. it. Simon:4, John thertodher, IL A. Joetlirt, %lament Smyth, JO= '..•COrge thrlety, Samuel Johnetone, Sir J:rlin Sruerse!, C pain (live, lion. 11. H. Jolliffe S.r W. U. H. &Met tan. T. IL S. oirr, limy B. Jonas Captain Bponntr, Blebs d C,b13.11. Jo!IZI C. Keratin,. llrlrett Sordid, Angucus Co ',linnet, Alex. D. Krogh, William Stenford, Joan F. Dom, 'thou:tan S. Kerman, Sr Edwart Stanley, Illword Cant ingtou, str W. Knight, Ficierick W. titaaley. 11-o. E. H. Cok, How Henry A. Knightly r. ir C. Stuart, Henry Wei, henry B. Knox, Woke: Stuart, sr ohn Colville, Ch. ries R. Lacy, Henry C. Sart, Her ry G. Cornyton. henry C. Lasoell. or, II m. E. biTlivan. Michael Conolly, Thomas Laieleer, arm. C. Taylor, Tilt/MSS E. Corry, lion. Henry L. Legit, George C. Theriger, Sir F. Cotton, Hon. W.U.S. Leonard. 1 homas B. Thorninuro, Mr. Aid. Cubit:, %%gluon Lens, Lord A. 0. Thorn4l:', George Currie, lim.ry Lennox. Lard 11.0. T. Ileroactie, Jan D ono., lion Col. Lindsay, Hon. to!. Townley. Richard G. ILIVIC‘, DAVI.' A. S. Lockhart, Wiliam Trevor, ii in. O. Rise D. - edes, William Long. Walter Trolloppe, St r John Lk:vertu:, John T. 1,./.4.1% Sir Ralph Turner, George J. • Dick, quirtin Lowther, lion. Col. Tyrell, Sir John T. tihreseit, Benjemln Lowther, henry Verret, Sir William a d, John W. Legon, !lon. Gen. Villiers, He. F. W.C. . tr ad, George Macnaghtin, Sir E. %Tee, Rich. It. R. IL • Ore:, J. S. W. S. E. kliCaloigh, W. T. IA ad:tog:on, David ' Urtunlainig, Vvorunt Me. h. r. Thomas Wuddingtorr, ii. S. • Deuripmort, Hear, Mmaleville, Viecount Walpole. Spencer 11. ' LL D....H 1 w r . uek . w . or cow.b, th ;H. SirJ. A. T.B. realm , to in e r t r i l ti C. B. v. M . ' e rg ib g ,, P ti .i.se ..r ..r . , , F E.a .R. d. • IJunconabe, lio n. t.r. Manner; Lord John West, Predr-rick R. Dumb*, G. orga March, Earl A Wiaram, Dil: us T. Mamma, Thrmas P. William., TM» P. Da Pre, C. G. MaarreU, lion. J. P. Willoughby, sir 11. ' East, Sir James B. Men:, Sir Henry 'Workhouse, Edmond • , Eilwards, lienry Mile% Philip W. 5. Won: enter, Maroriof l Egerton, Wild= T. Wirt, William Wynn, Herbert W.W. • tardy., Von:cunt Moorell, William Wynn, Sir Wetkin W. Li.ttOLl, Earl of Moody, Charier A. Yorke, lion. Blot T. , Eve:yn, Wiliam I. Moore, George H. VALLI% rs.,tran, Jame" Morgan, Oetavitie Berceford, Mr. ~ EA ri.hurs, Edward B. Mulangr, Joseph R. Blackens:it, Hr. Abdy, Sir Thomas N. Prosier, kia;rdicw O'Connell, Menefee ' Adair, Hein E. Fartescue, Chichester O'Connell. Moro :m J. Adair, Robert A. S. FOrtescur, He. J. W. Ogle, Keehn C. 11. Anderson, Arthur 1.4, Rickard M. Ord, Wil'iam Ausoa, Mon, (tol. Fox, Wi.hum J. Osborne, Ralph Ander., Thomas C. Fret stun, Coionel Owen, Sir John Armstrong Sir A. fait.; Rt. Ho. P.M. Paget , Lord Alfred liag.how, John Glyn, George C. Paget, Loral listens. Hours, Ht. Uon.M.T Walborn. et. He.. IL. Page., Lord George 14, ing, Henry B. Graham, Sir Jags Palmer, Bounden Isoing, Win. Sir F. Greene, John Palmerwton. Viscount barn.; Ed award G. Weide; Charles W. r„, 1,.., r, job. Ira.; Michael!. Grey, Rt. Iles. Su O. Pechel4 Sir G. B. Ilell, Jacob Carey, Ralph W, Peel, Sir Itnhert Bellew, Richard M. GT...bettor, Lard B. Peel, Prederick Berkeley, Admiral Guest, Pit Jelin Pclkam, lion. D. A. lk barley, lion. 11. F. lion, Sir lienjamin panbure.., K. H. W. Berkeley, C. LG. 1144 uurtun, Lord I. Perfect, itthert Kraut, ndlph Hamner, Sr John Peto, Samuel IL Birth, no Teo. B. Iladraatle, Josepi.t A. Pigott, Pelmet. Blacken, Samuel W. Harris, itubard Pilkington, James Blake, Marun J. leustie, Alexander ruan,y, Milli:du Illowitt, Reginald J. Mahe, Archibald Power, Dr. busks, Admiral Hat .1.11, Rt. Hu. J. Price, Mr 'keret Loyd, .11 ho Haan; Benjamin Rawd. n, Colonel Hole, lion. Col. Headiana, loos. E. Rondo, Gamin Brand, Tbtanas Heald, James Rice, Edward R. Bred, lnlan Ileathanit, John law; Ilenry irror leaturek John Henry, Alexander Ito/rotes, 1.1. A. Brockman, E. D. Ile. Bert, Kt lin. S. Rornidy,Colonel Ilrothhrdni, Joseph Hervey, Lord Alfred Hominy, Stu Jot. Brown, Vr ihiam Heywood, James Rumla, hi, Charles E. Stu e, Lord Earnest Hepworth, Lawrence Rove; Lord John Bukeley, Sir IL B. W. liWttur George G. Rumen, F. IL C. ill ilunbury, lA.. U. Burney, Charles g 4,,,, y , 0,1,,,,1 , I{U.read, Witham Hob: mode, Sir John Fanners, Joseph Balton, Fir Edw. N. Ilukkousc, Thi insult beholeileld, %SIDI m Calver4 Ir. derie Hodges, 'I bows., L. Scrape, George I'. Cannibal, lion. W. F Iloilo., T. T. POrilnoll., Henry D. C.ruwell, Edward Hogg, nor James W. Seymour, Lord Carer, John B. Ilutrund, Robert Shalt-, Robert D. Caultitid, James M. Hu. oat; Weald I. l ,ob uirne . A tt . of Cheer:mi.; lion. C.C. Howard, lion. C. W. Sane,, ilubert A. Cavehali.h, lion. U. Howard, Hum J• K. Smith, Rt. Ito. M. V. Wand.; W. G. Howard, Hun. G. U. Smith, John A. LlilArrs, John W. Howard, Pkilip H. Smith, Ij, T. Cl, y, James Hume ,Jouph Smith. John 11. Clay, bit m intim HumpLerY, Mr. AhL ecen. sea, John P. Clements, Hon. C. S. ilutcions,Elwarti J. synierchle,lln. Sir W. Clerk, Sir George Uu.t, Wiliam Sp.-arm di, Henry J. Clifford, Henry M. Jaatudn, %BM= Stanley, Hon. W. O. Cobden, Richard Jermyn, Loa Starodeld, W. It. C. Cockburn, Mr A. J. Kershaw, James Stantoh, William U. Cofebrooke, sir T. E. Elidare. Manful' of et:rumor., Sir Geo. T. °Alin; William King, Ilia. Peter J. Strickland, Sir Geo. Copal did, Mr Aid. Lebow:facie, lion. IL Stuart, Lord Dudley Cowan, Coaries Liattitutour J" , " H. Stuart, Lord James Oawper, Hon. W. P. harm:Sok lion. W. S. T„,,,,,g0ien,, W. Craig, eir W illiam U. Lemon, Sir Charles Team; Edward K. Crowder, Richard b. Lori; lir Lin. Mr T. fakk A ,.„e. judo, A. Currie, Banos LeRiP, Carom C. Thompson, Colonel Curets, Hr. fort M. Littleton, /Gm. E. E. ThorAleb 1b.,. Dalrymp i e, Captain Luke, Joseph loaner. y, John Dashweral, tir Geo. Loildiart, Alan E. Townslaeml, Captain Dawson, iln.Thos.V. Layette; Fr Trill,Georp Denison, Edmund Iderbaugton, Chula T ureen, Jai, D'Epacrourt, Kkii.n.o Maciie, Jobe Tureen, Rt. lion. IL Divett, Edward Manama...W. A. v i , m . L or d Harry Douglas, Sir Chas , E, M'Gregor, John Verne;, Sir Harry Douro. Marquis of Irl'lMMml...Bt, John Villiera, 11 . . Charles DAGeorge Stone Megan, W1U. , .. , 11 * Wahl.), Thomas Duke, Sir James Matmur The 0.0 . Wall. Charles 11. Duncan, Cocaina Mangles. *t" U. Wwillnaleh bit Joshua DIU Ci.ll, George Marshall, James U. rar a l.,,,, Jo. I/moult, John Marshall! William Watkins, Colonel L. Dundee, Admiral _Mar tin, John Wawn,John T. fondue, R 1.140. Sir D. martin, C. W. Wellesley, Lord C. Ebrington, Viscount 114 . 4 .m.a0 John Westhead, J. P. B. Ellice, ilklln.E.lward Matheson. Aka. Willcox, Brodie Pdhee, Edward Mathron, James Witham, Job. Ellis, John Mathew; Colonel wait... William Elliot, Iln. John E. Mauls, Rh lion. Fox Viilliameon, bon IL Ennead, Viscount 11.1gund, Viscount Wilson, Junes Pawnor, James B. B. Milner, W &um M.E. Wil.oo, Mathew Evans, Sir De Lacy Milton. Viscount Wood, Sir Charles Evans, John Mitchell, Thomas A. Wood, William P. Evans, Wiliam Moffatt, Ocorge Wortley, James S. Ewart, William Moissworth, Sir Wm. Wrightson, William Fagan, William Morison, Mr William Wyld, Jam*. Fergus, John Morris, David WIMP, Marmaduke Ferguson, Colonel Monty; lin. E. M. L. Tu t ors. Sir yob. Velum; Ur RAGA. Mowatt, Francis Mulvey; Mari of TILLI2S. 14= 11 1117411. ' 11. Norio's, Lard Hayter, Mr. koley, John H. IL Honeys. Wit D.& Hill, L ord Marcus gbe court. The Queen and Prince Albert honoured the Ly ceum Theatre with their presence yesterday evening. The royal suite consisted of the Countess of Mount Edgeeumlae, Hon. Matilda Paget, Lord Dufferin, Lord Charles Fitzroy, Lieut.-Colonel Hon. Alexander Gordon. The Quantum of Mount Edgccumbe hu relieved the Viicountes. Jocelyn in her duties as the Lady in Waiting to her Majesty. A deputation on the subject of the coffee duties, consist ing of Mr. Bramley Moore (Chairman of the Brestlitui Association), and Mr. E. Johnston, accompanied by Sir Thomas Birch, M.P., Mr. Cardwell, M.P., Mr. W. Brown, M.P., and Mr. Thornely, M.l'., had an interview with the Chancellor of the Exchequer yesterday at his official resi dence, Downing -street. Colonel W. L. Froeiginn, M.P., had an interview with Sir George Grey, at the Home-o ffi ce, yesterday. Mr. Franks had en interview with the Chancellor of the Exchequer yesterday on the coffee duties. A deputation respecting church leases, consisting of Mr. Hutt, M.P., Mr. Hugh Taylor, and Mr. Philipeon, had an interview with Sir George Grey yesterday at the Hama office. _ _ Sir Alexander Bannerman, Governor of Prince Edward's Island, had an interview with Earl Grey at the Colonial office yesterday. The Rev. Dr. J. Adamson (Cape Town, South Africa) had an interview with Sir George Grey at the llome-odice yesterday. ELECTION.-CLOSE OF THE POLL. The poll opened on Wednesday morning at eight o'clock, but with much les spirit on the part of the Jeffer son party than was manifested by them on the nomination. It was perfectly understood in Pontefract yesterday, that the nomination of Lord Pollington took place entirely with out his consent, or that of his family, and most probably he owes the honour of his signal defeat to the admirers of Mr. Bustield Ferrand, at the head of whom, in Pontefract, may be ranked the renowned Mr. Jefferson, the schoolmaster, who cut such a figure at the nomination. The Hon. Mr. Lawley took the lead from the tint, and it was soon est. dent that the attempt to poll for Lord Pollington was a mere ruse to spite the free traders and to put Mr. Lawley's friends to expense. The committee who conducted the election received 430 promises, and the result proved the accuracy of the canvas. The following is the state of the poll at the close :—Lawley, 429 ; Pollington, 115; majority for the free trader, 314. EVERY SATURDAY AFTERNOON WILL 8R_FL181,14.11.13,, THE EXHIBITION EXPREbb, Size of a Daily "tanner tklab . .l rape, TRU . . . OastAoin; every pooeibleinferwaeo , re'sure to the F.XtIIBIII'ION OP 1•31, . _ Its Oisjeets, Ellington' Frontage% Intended Cortints, Athangtthenth, Appear's" Crain", peat nod ti.tora. The venniteus Number of peTUrlll interested in the fortl.orniag Greet Exhibition of the 'esthete, hanng larherto 11.14 no &Maratha+ vpresematire in the press—no piper suflielently loge, ens with mega:anima comprebecylre enough to grasp and exemplify the fertheoraing amp-mitres with fubsem w rtby of to 'meat so recut—the prookters of toe rIPRErah have determined arm Muth" y datcrday afternoon, a double Meet Of that paper, to con-do the fullest end latest information relotibe to the Exhibition, •egethcr with a main of other matter seceptable to the multitude of person! interested either as general and lead COMIIittOMPII and martarint, members of pe,theial travelling chi" erbiblors, friends of exhibitors, rivals of eshibiters, eel the dill Larger and wader circle of tilos who are to be the hundred" of thousands of visitors to the motr nobs during the forthcoming Con gress of Induotry of all Notloam. In addition to everything relative tette Fansetion this double sheet will give general news, and will, moreover, especially attend to ad current eventa in llteratute, science, mid art. oe — esery day except Settled.) , the pea of the EXPRESS will be Ihreepesce, ea heretofore. Theyreet value of the . laillinigsills3lB3 u a medium en.:et adventementa must be at the dike to Whiteirian at or t efore AA: In the timing ,f each Friday, to wore loaertion in the number A the following day. Oploe, le, toserbbatreet, Fleet-street. Zite i i fir. yprtgo. TO CORRESPONDENTS. Advt., tiententa intended for "The Er prera," London Freeing paper, roust be at the °Tee, if, Bo orern.ereet, by Two ~.cloce nu th• day of permeation. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tlll4 DST—Morning, 12k. Sal Arum," in. Mrs. T"ona , " , — Kerma& lb. :so Afternobb, lb. Stu. LONDON; FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 14. WERE it possible or decorous to suppose the Divine founder of our religion aguin appearing on earth, to ask what was the demeanour, the spirit, and pretensions of those, who were act up and set themselves up most prominently to represent Him, what would not be his rebuke, in consonance with the Scriptures, of those whose first aim is to have a rank and to wear a title, dominate over others, denying the power of C.E4AII to control or interfere with them, and dr daring that saerdotal or episcopal functions are impossible, unless their high priests he equal in dignity to other high priests, and unless they can call themselves lords of the territory over which they claim spiritual jurisdiction ? We will not venture to suppose the words of such a rebuke. But it is im possible to suppose that at such an advent the pre sent ecclesiastical brawlers would be recognised as Christian, so completely does every one of their acts and words and ambition belie the very name. The whole question mooted at Rome, awakened in England, and resuscitated in Ireland, is nothing more than a rivalry of churches in titles, in power, in precedence, and a gratuitous assumption of them by the papal agents, for no earthly use but vanity and restlessnem. 'The Roman catholic churches in England and in Ireland were, previous to the papal re script, certainly in as favourable a condition for their maintenance and extension as could be desired. Nor could the treatment of both by English ministers be complained of by any but the most intolerable fanatic. In England the Roman catholic dignitaries and prelates had all the reality of ecclesiastical power and direction over their flock;„ with all facilities of acquiring property, building churches and even monasteries, founding schools, and obtainin4 aid of the state to maintain them. We do not see what was to prevent their vicars spat tolie meeting in synod, and sending forth to their flock their united opinion on such weighty points as they considered necessary to influence them in. The sole thing denied to Roman catholics in Eng land was the worldly gratification to their prelates of openly vicing in titles with the prelates of the established church; and, rationally speaking, of what use was it that they should vie in title and dignity in such a country as England, where they were as yet unaccompanied by wealth? WOLSEY, enriched, behatted, and 14:welled, might have drawn away the public gaze and the public respect from the humble and low church Archbishop of CAN TEItIO:EY. But Dr. WISEMAN, though clothed in purple, calling himself cardinal, obliged at the same time to send round for shilling subscriptions to his tea-pot, must have known England little, if he really hoped to set up a Metropolitan rivalry to Lambeth. But the rivalry, however contemptible in England, could England be considered alone, was anything' but contemptible in Ireland. In that country the clergy have taken the place of the feudal lords of the old serf population. f hey are looked to as the natural leaders and champions of a very ignorant, very jealous, and very sensitive race, execrating England from a hatred of race, a hatred of conquest, and a resentment of centuries of subjection and cruel treatment. With such a people a name is often more than a thing, a title more respected than an estate. And when the Irish Romancatholic bishops were not only allowed to wear the same prefixes of honour as the _protestant prelates, but when the government and Le LIUELN acknow ledged their titles, their styles, their precedence, (whether through heraldic inadvertence, or royal graciousness, or vice-regal suppleness, it matters little) in this undoubtedly the British government and crown made a great concession. Whether it was wise or not is another considera tion. But of this at least we may be certain, that it was not wise to make such concession, or any concession, to such a corporation as the Roman church, under the idea that it would remain for any length of time grateful therefore, and submissive and well affected. The Roman catholic church, like our own parliament, and like all modern governments, has its liberal party and its fanatic party. They alternate in power and influ ence like whig and tory, and whilst the ideas of the 19th century may have predominated in 1847, those of the 15th century have recovered influence in 1851. It is impossible for a British cabinet to vary its treatment of Roman catholics according to the rise and fall of the political barometer at Rome. Gladl_ would we give the MURRAIN and the CROLLYS the dignities and titles they might ask, and most justly refuse the CELLENS and the M.HALES common respect. We can no more discern in them the spirit of Christianity than we do in Pim-trims. Yet if we cannot guard against a Bishop PHlLLearts in the established church, how can we be guaranteed against a M'Hat.E in Ireland ? Our chief hopes against the predominance of such a party must be based on the rise of a liberal and enlightened lay Roman catholic class in Ireland, and in the extension of con stitutional liberalism throughout Europe, so as to in fluence, not only Rome, but those countries which in reality dominate at Rome. Had the constitutional and protestant party in Germany triumphed, or even held its ground ; had a similar party been enabled to hold its influence, and establish its institutions in Italy, we would then have had a guarantee that the Roman catholic power of Christendom, working through the instruments of the POPE, would not have kindled the present dis mansion throughout England and Ireland. Italy and Germany were the two fields in which this country could hive contested Papal aggression. But, like servile sneaks and traitors, too many Englishmen hallooed the bloodhounds of Austria and of Naples, and of France, upon Italian liberalism ; and the consequence is, that the sacerdotal despotism, whose triumph we admitted on the oontinent, has i e gi iy ola isla disse nds, nsi an o d n, has and so pe w r n . co amha m pos e nec t i o ,ti as li :y arhe. us seeds on o o ur f rel it is now too late for England to do aught but what Lord PALMERSTON has meanly and wisely done—duck to the storm. Whilst against the I Austro-Roman prelates, who style themselves cardi nals here, we must only maintain that degree of re . sistanee which may not alienate from us those who • , are followers of the religion, but not of the political creed of Rome. There is no denying that in the duty of conducting and guiding this resistance Ithe whigs have had devolved them . the most trying of tasks. They who ye spent ' their lives and perilled their power a hundred times by fighting the battle of Roman catholics for emanci : patron and to equality; and who, iu their fight, have arrayed irrecoverably against them the high church and ascendancy , party in both countries—for them to be compelled by Roman catholic aggression to admit that in calculating on papal gratitude and forbearance they had been mistaken—for them to be compelled to come forward to avenge the crown from insult, anl the prelacy of the established church from manifest encroach ment is, perhaps, the most mortifying neces sity that ever betel liberal politicians. Had the POPE armed a RAVAILLAC to strike his dagger in the breast of the best friends of Roman catholics in this country, he could not have done a thing mow fratricidal, more impious, or moro idiotic. The bill which the whigs have brought in, not with out deep dissension amongst themselves, but too fully depicts their perplexity. For even what the bill is, they do not seem to have made up their minds. Moreover, they seem well pleased that e arlinment should discuss it before it is actually acquainted with the nature of the law. As far 04 we can gather, the gist of the bill is exaggerated both by the Minister, who has more recently spoken, and by the catholic orator, the one to satisfy, the other to amuse, each his more fanatic supporters. But for our pact wo can discern nothing in the bill to prevent tho exercise of episcopal authority, or to inflict any real injury upon Rome. The doubt seems to he whether the bill does not go far enough in England, and whether it does not go tvt far in Ireland. In Eng land the papal movement has been one of mcro vanity against parties who now i e provoked it. Our and our prelates in England certainly never showed themselves as antagonistic to the no monists. The rivalry of Wtsr3l.‘x was, therefore, utterly gratuitous. In Ireland, however, the church...ft are rivals, nay, we fear, militant rivals. And the only mode of (-riming their mutual passions, is to maintain the truce, and, in extending just reforms, not eater to the vanity of the one in achiev i ng a triumph, however naminal, over . . the other. The granting 'the territorial titles was allowing a triumph on one side; the withdrawing the conceded titles, is now a triumph on the ether. And both were and are, in our opinion, most egve gious blunders. We are anxious as any for the maintenance of protestantism; but we cannot admit that in Eng land and in Ireland this maintenance is to be effected by the saute rides, the same policy, or the sate establishments. The elements in 'both eases are different; and so is jus:iee, as well as expediency. An iIIIIRCILSO and a fair influence hum been given to the Roman eatholies in peril:intent —an intfue u ne.• that no minister ern ignore. To malt" tie se Nen evals in Westminster, and inferiors in Dublin, is quite impossible. And emancipation ought not to lure been voted, if its polities and religious consequences weru to be blindlidenied. Such arc our feelings with respect to Ireland; but, on the other hand, if It is manift st that the campaign of Rome in Ireland and in England against tho British government is directed by insidious and hostile hands—if the finger of Aus!ria and its absolutist brethren be visible, and if its dicta- tion have already induced the Roman go vernment to enter upon a continued contest, and we must say that the bnittd promotion of Archbishop ettu.r.N to the eardinalate would be a strong proof of that hostile intrigue—oh, then, we abandon at once every scintilla of opposition or demur to the measure of the government ; because in truth it then becomes the-simple question of whether the British cabinet and parliament, or the ministers of Austria and of lOme, are masters in these kingdoms. [For the Overland Italia Mail, and Late-it Foreign : ntelligenee, see page I.] CHARGE OF THREATENING THE LIFE OF LORD J. RUSSELL BOW-STREET POLICE: COL THIS DAY. This morning Charles Gill, who was taken into custody last evening upon a charge of sending a threatening letter to Lord John Itussell, was brought before Mr. Henry by In spector Field, of the detective forte, to answer the charge. The prkoller is a middle-aged man, with dark complexion and somewhat sinister aspect. Tie was carelessly dressed, but his gecncral appearance was that of a respcetable me. titanic. Mr. Burnaby, the chief clerk, addressing the prisoner, said he was charged with haying, on the 30th of last mouth, sent a threatening letter to Lord John Russell ; and in an swer to the question whether he pleadc4 guilty or not guilty, ho replied, " I cannot plead at all to such an unqua lified statement as that. I request my letter to be read." Mr. Henry—Where do you live ? Prisoner—At No. 32, Surrey-10am, Old Kent-road. Mr. Henry--What are you ?—A jeweller. Mr. Arthur Itnssell was then culled, and, iu answor to questions from Mr. Henry, he stated that he was private secretary to Lord John Russell. The letter produced ha retired shout a fortnight ago, at the Treasury,m Downing street. According to the post-mark, the letter was delivered on the 31st January. It seas addressed, " Lord John Rus sell, the Treasury, or elsewhere—private and important." Witness was not acquainted with the prisoner, and he did not know his hand-writing. . . . . . The prisoner said he would admit the handwriting, if the letter was shown to him. (The letter was then handed to him, and having glanced at its contents ho exclaimed, " Yea ; that is my handwriting,") Mr. Henry inquired whether the prisoner wished the letter to be read, and he replied ig the affirmative. A gentleman who attended with Mr. Arthur Russell then proceeded to read such parts of the letter as contained the threatening oliaervations which formed the subject of the charge, when the p: isomer interrupted him by saying that he wished the whole of the letter to be read. Mr. Bunnaby then read the letter, which committed with the words, " Such a sight for a Premier!" and pro ceeded to say that the writer had made many valuable die : coveries in the material laws of leverage and gravitition, and that, having devoted a considerable portion of his time to scientific pursuits, ho bad established a theory which im pugned the con•truction of the Britannia tubular bridge, &r. The various discoveries he had made would be of infinite service to the iublir, but he could not find anybody willing to give him a fair hear ing. The letter went ou at considerable length to detail the disappointment tho prisoner had experienced in not being able to derive any benefit from his scientific rew unties, and then continued in these words : " 1 shall send several copies of this address to you to the public press. As, how ever, they may think or affect to think me mad, or refuse all of them to give an account to the public, us required, I shall, in that case, at the earliest opportunity, present your lordship with the favour of a black eye and bloody nose— (l am but a poor fighter, but I think I could manage such a job for you). Should you in your profound cunning, succeed in evading this kind ness, why then I will try if I can, with less than half an ounce of gunpowder, propel rather less than an ounce of lead in a right line towards the centre of your lordship's head, delivering the ball at—say about the house No. 3, which beingthe official residence of combativeness, would be a fair way of testing the maximum of the power of your skull's resistance." The letter having been read, iispeetor Field was ex amined, and he stated that he apprehend' d the prisoner last night, between 11 and 12 o'clock, at No. 3f, Surrey-place, Old Kent-road, and upon his telling him the offence with which he was charged, he said, " I don't deny having writ ten the letter; I did write it." Mr. Henry inquired whether the prisoner wished to ask the inspector any question, and he replied in the negative. Mr. Henry then inquired of Mr. Arthur Russell whether he apprehended that Lord John Russell Wag in danger of any personal violence in consequence of the receipt of the letter ? 1 1 Mr. Rumell—Yes, I do. Prisoner—May I ask why Lord John Russell is not hen to answer for himself? lie ought to be here &swell as 1. Mr. Henry said it was quite competent for the private se cretary of Lord John Russell, who had opened the letter in question, to state that he apprehended personal violence to h:s lo:dship if th It.risoner were nut restrained. The prisoner wished to know why a fortnight had been sniff:Ted to elapse before the charge was brought forward. Mr. Henry, after consulting Mr. Russell and those who attended with him, observed that, lathe &apiece, the letter was transmitted to the chief commissioner of police, and af terwards forwarded by him to the solicitors to the Treasury, and this would necessarily occupy some time. Prisoner— A very long time indeed—a fortnight' Mr. Henry asked the prisoner whether he wished to say anything in answer to the charge ? The prisoner said the full reading of the letter would show that his object was merely publicity, and he had been driven to adopt this course by the humbugging answers he had received to the applications be bad made to various persona respecting his valuable scientific discoveries. lie had been humbugged by the astronomer royal, and he could not succeed in obtaining a fair hearing, although the result of his researches was of great value. As to intending any violence to Lord ..lohtt Russell, he meant no such thing. His object was accom plished in the publication of the letter. lie was only de atrous of making known his works by strictly legal and legitimate means. Why, as to punching Lord John Rus sell's head (here the prisoner smiled), much less sending a bullet through his head was it possible that ho should ever have an opportunity of doing such a thing ? His object was simply to obtain a fair hearing, and notwithstanding all the pretence about the great Exhibition he could nut get it. He had applied to Mr. Cobden, and he had nut answered him. Was this the proper way to treat working men lathe year 1851 ? lie had devoted all his tint,. to scientific pur suits, and he could not obtain the patronage hr deserved_ ; but as to intending any harm to Lord John Russell, be would nut lose his finger for the life of Lord John Russell. Mr. Henry said the primmer must not attempt to obtain the publicity ko had sought by threatening another. 'What-