The Express. — London, England, 1847-01-28 00:00:00

....... to Dr. Marsden, the founder, to the medical officers, the wer stary, and chairman. CITY OE LONDON LYING-1N HOSPITAL, ClTY noso.—Yesterday the annual meeting of the supporters of this hospital, which was established in 1750, for the recep tion and delivery of poor married women, was held at tl6 institution, City-road ; W. Hanley, E s:q., in the chair. James Clift, Esq., solicitor and secretary, read the report. During the year 487 in-patients, 4 of whom had twins, re ceived relief, which was a cotaiderible increase on the pre ak,,, year; and only five deaths took pLice. The financial datementexhibited agreat decrease in sucriptions, although considerable expense was incurred in enlarging and repairing the hospital. The report, in conclusion, expressed great re gret for the loss sustained by the death of John Coped, Esq., the treasurer. The report was adopted. G. Bentley, EP:, V.P., was elected trew.rer ; William Handley and it aniy Jacle , on. &qrs., were elected vice.presidents; SD?_ t h an k s were voted to the officers of the hoep,tal and to c h a i rman. PAINLF!,:e SURGICAL OPERATIO`.--The establish ment of the fact that surgical open ,don s may be performed without pain, hes been properly descr ib e d aa ., good news for travellers by railway."—Purreis. MODEL LODGING-HOUSES TOR THE LABOURING CLAM.4.—An extensive building is tieing in Georgeetreet, St. Giles s, upon a plan lately promulgated for the promotion of the poor man's core fort. Tho premises, when completed, will afford commodiotui shelter for 100 labourers, each of whom will have Kmarate sleeping apartments, with the free use of day-rocs, kitchen, washing-room, &c. We cannot say that the structure may lay claim to much architectural beauty, nor are the rooms elegant drawing-rooms and bed rooms, furnished with mahogany and swan's-down quilts ; yet is there a plain, einif irtable, cony appearance about the distribution of the interior, which moat prove a hopeful change to those accustomed to the crowded dens of St. Giles',. The charge to be made for a night's shelter is 4d. ; and for this sum (now paid for a nook in a crowded and loathsome room) the lodger will be provided with a clean, comfortable bed, the use of a living-room, kitchen, &c.--all wholesome and well-regulated. We cannot but regard the rising structure as the nurse of many, many similar institutions ; for we do not believe that so good and needful an undertaking will be long suffered to rest in the fetters of inadequate funds, At present the expenses exceed the subscriptions by 2,0001., and the committee appeal to the public's scree of right to the poor for the liquidation of the debt, which so paralyses the purposes of the model lodging-house. This appeal will assuredly be met most liberally ; and we mug again express a hope that the institution in George-street, St. Giles's, will tend to stimulate public sympathy towards the physical— and, as a natural consequence—the mend amelioration of the poverty-stricken classes of the community.—Jerrolds Weekly Newspaper.—A new lodging-house, for the ac commodation of the poor, was opened last week in Glasshouse-street, East Smithfield. The building taken for the purpose is an old warehouse, of which one division is appropriated as a sleeping ward for the men, and another for the women ; contiguous to which is a spa cious sitting-room, with the use of a library, and a commo dious kitchen. The men's ward is d( signed for the reception of 144 inmates, each being provided with a bed and bedding, consisting of a flock-bed, a pair of sheets and blankets, and rug coverlet, for which accommodation but 2d. per night is charged Several articles of provisions, of best quality, SIM retailed to the inmates at cost price. The lodging-home, which can at present accommodate only eighty, has been filled every night since its first opening. DELAY OF BURIAL RITES. —An extraordinarf scene took place on Sunday last in the burial-ground attached to the parish church of St. George's-in-the-East. During a heavy ruin, four or five funerals arrived upon the ground, and the mourning processions were exposed to the weather for a considerable time, as no officiating clergyman was pre sent. Mr. Wilson, an undertaker, of Bi, Rosemary-Line, who had charge of one of the burials, and who arrived ten minutes after the usual hour for interments, namely, two o'clock, became very indignant that no minister was present, and a messenger was despatched to the Rev. B. Evans, curate to Mr. King, who was all the time in the vestry. room ; but as the reverend gentleman had engaged a rever end friend to perform the burial services that day, he refused to give kis services, though he subsequently performed the obsequies over a body which was brought into the church for the purpose. Mr. Wilson having waited until 2-5 minutes to 3, interred the body entrusted to his care without any ceremonial rites whatever, loudly expressing his determina tion to make the circumstances as public as he could. SEED POTATOES.—Sir,—It wan lately stated in some of the newspapers, that government had authorised a house in the city to make purchases of potatoes for seed from the Mediterranean, the Azores, eke., as they could be most readily procured. Now if this be the fact, it is acting con trary to what the exrience and practice of the potato growing districts woul d recommend. Yorkshire and 'Perth shire are known to he the counties which afford the largest supphee to the great market of London ; and the growers in Yorkshire, aware of the advantages of deriving their seed from a climate colder than their own, import large quantities for seed from Perth. In the year 1845 about 20 cargoes were shipped from Perth for Yorkshire for seed and probably as much last year. In Perthshire again, it has been found that seed taken from the colder Highland districts of that county, produce the most sure and most abundant crops when planted in the lower and wanner districts. In the new statistical account of Scotland (Perthshire volume, p. 185), there is interesting information on this important subject, communi cated by the Rev. Mr. Liston, the minister of Redgnrton parish. It was written at least seren years ago ; and he describes failures of the potato crop which had for some years previously occurred there. He also inquires into the causes of those failures, and recounts the remedies which had been found effective.—X. Y. N. _ . WANTON DAMAGE.—On Tuesday evening, between the hours of 'even and eight o'clock, a man, having the ap pearance of a well-dressed mechanic, forced his arm through the window of Messrs. Brown, 47, St. Martin's-lane, and destroyed various articles of expensive cut glees, and damag ing many services of china. He then effected his escape. INQUESTS, YESTERDAY.—REMOVAL OF THE POOR. Before Mr. W. Baker, coroner, at the Queen's Head, High street, Poplar, respecting the death of an infant, named Louisa Burner. Mary Ann Burner, the grandmother of the de ceased, stated that the child had been carefully attended to by the mother. The mother and child were passed under an order of removal from St. Martin's to Chatham work house. They remained at Chatham a short time, and were sent back to St. Martin's, where they remained for twe months. Another order of removal was obtained, and the mother and child were again sent back to Chatham work house, where they remained until Saturday last, when the mother was directed to proceed to London for the purpose of appearing at the court in Westminster, to give evidence concerning the settlement. The Coroner : Tken, I suppose, there was a dispute between the two parishes concerning your daughter's settlement ?—The witness said there was, and proceeded to state that the mother came to London by the steam-boat, from Oreeesend, on Saturday last, and on her arrival at Blackwell, she found the child was deed. She understood the dispute between the parishes was still pend ing. Edward Lloyd, of No. 50, Jewln-street, City, surgeon, said that he saw the deceased child and its mother on board the steam-vessel, at Bleckwall. The infant was much ema ciated, and evidently labouring under disease, but be could not at present state what was the cause of death. The jury made some remarks as to the manner in which the woman had been passed between the two ' Westminster and Chatham, and' after some waver sation, adjourned the inquiry for a week.--SCS- TreTED INFANTICIDI.- - Before Mr. Baker, at the Ten Bells, Spitalilelds, on the body of a newly-born female infant. W. Gomm stated that he was an assistant to Mr. Sowerby, pawnbroker, in Brick-lane. On Saturdayniffht last, between eleven and twelve o'clock, he was sweeping out the shop, when he discovered a bundle lying on the floor, behind the door of the lobby. The bundle was examined, and found to contain the body of a female intent. There was a distinct red mark round the neck of the infant. The jury returned • verdict of " Found dead," but 'tilde] that it was desirable that the commissioners of police should issue an authority to report such cases, by a notice on a board at the station house and workhouses of the district in which the body is found, to prevent, as much u possible, the murder of infants, or the concealment of the bodies, whether alive or dead, and the coroner is requested to write to the commissioners of police accordingly.— ' the ' Tr- Seicine. , :Before Mr. Carter, at a Antelope Tavern, Lawn-road, North Brixton, on the body of Mr. Joseph Dodd Gilchrist, aged 41, a clerk in the Ordnence-office, Tower of London.--Martha Hart said that she was in the emploU Mr. Moore, of Valentine Cottage, where deceased lodged for some time past. Dunng the previous week he had complained of being unwell, and of having a pain in his side for which he was medically treated by Mr. Sweet, a surgeon. On the morning of Sunday last witness took deceased's breakfast up stairs, and, having knocked at the door, she could get no answer ; she therefore pushed the door open, and then saw the deceased lying on the bed in a pool of blood. She immediately informed her master, who sent for a surgeon.—Mr. Henry Sweet, surgeon, of 7, Park road, Stockwell, said that he was sent for to see the deceased ea Sunday morning last. He found that his throat was cut. The wound was an inch and a half deep, which had divided the carotid artery and caused his death. During the last week witness had been attending deceased professionally. On Tuesday evening he saw him for the first time, when he complained of • pain round the region of the heart. He examined his tongue, which he found loaded with fur. Witness sent him medicine, and he saw him last alive on Saturday night, at nine o'clock. Hie mind did appear all the time he was attending on him.— Other evidence, confirmatory of the above, having been given, the jury returned a verdict—" That the deceased destroyed himself whilst of unsound mind."— FATAL A( CIDTAT ON Till RIVCR.--By Mr. Payne, at the Vestry Hall, Horaleydown, on the body of a lad, name un known, employed on board the " Dove " trading vessel, be 'N?liOtte to Dungarees'. The deceased, whilst employed in bringing the boat round from one side of the vessel, which was lying off George Stairs, Tooley-street, to the other, on Sunday the 18th instant, fell overboard, and was drowned. The body was not found until yesterday morning. In the Corte of the inquiry, it was elicited that although the cap tain of a vessel leaving the post of London was compelled to gate how many hands he had es board, there wax no regu lation to compel him to give aelisse to any authority of the loss of a seaman while the vend roasioad in port. The inquest was adjourned. IRELAND. DUBLIN, JAN. 26. It has been said of Ireland that everything there, whether in administration or execution, is a job. That corrupt and nefarious spirit has penetrated even the sacred precincts of charity. Nfajor Ainslie not long since reported on the tendencies of the Galway landlords. Clare enjoys a reputation scarcely lees enviable. Th e excellent Inspector of Relief Commit tees, Captain Wynne, bas had a series of struggles to give effect to the law and relieve real destitution. He I has been obstructed and menaced exactly by that class for whose interest he was consulting. There are at pre sent employed in public works, in Clare, about 60,000, or nearly one-seventh of all the labour on public works in Ireland. Notwithstanding this immense number, there is destitution in Clare. And why should there v.,ot, when it appears that the relief com mittees retr.on on their lista comfortable farmers, to the exclte,ion of real suffering ? Major Bell, a land lord, rcSnted to the case of his own tenant, who was not only an affluent farmer with a capital stock, but had a freehold in another part of the county, and ab solutely had tenants of his own! this man was re turned on the relief lists! Capt. Wynne stated that in his tour through the country, he had struck off 18,000 names, independent of the 60,000! Ile in sisted on having the lists revised, which met with strong resistance, but he will succeed. The central relief committee were making awards to-day. The mode of proceeding is to apply in writing for a list of queries—very full and searching —which must be filled up, signed by three members of the committee, and returned to Dublin. The amount of relief of course varies with circumstances. There was a meeting of the citizens of Cork on Saturday to deliberate on the measures necessary to be taken in consequence of the virtual closing of the workhouse. The guardians had come to the resolution that it would be unsafe to admit more paupers to the workhouse, that building, which was calculated to accommodate 3,500, containing 5,300. Much of statement and counter-statement was made. Mr. Dowden, late mayor, stated that there was no dearth of employment among the artizan class, and that the whole destitu tion unrelieved was not very great at present. On the other hand it was stated that there were two hundred operatives of one trade the coopers—unemployed ; and of another, the operative painters, only three individuals had employment. The authority for this statement was Mr. N'arian, a gentleman in the trade. Mr. Dowden contended that there were not 300 men idle in Cork, but the peculiarity of this time was, that if a man were idle at all, his family starved, whereas, formerly, if he worked only four days out of seven, he could main tain them. Alderman Lyons said there were always 400 inveterately idle men in Cork who would not work, but the soup-kitchens distributed 10,000 quarts of soup per day, and one quart was abundant to support life for twenty-four hours. It was finally resolved that an additional place for paupers should be obtained, capable of accom modating 1,000 individuals, and it is expected that before three months, place for 8,300 in all will have been provided. The meeting also called upon the Cork relief committee to allocate 1,000/. to the soup kitchens of the city, a request with which it is sup posed that body will comply. I regret to add that the accounts from Skibbereen present no circumstances of mitigation. This was one of our weekly corn-market days, and the tone of the market appears fully to sustain the character which I gave of that of Friday last. Holders of grain did not come freely into the market, and the quantity on the Exchange was therefore small. What was brought to market was, however, sold, and that at a lower figure—probably sicpence per barrel would fix the rate—than the prices which ruled on Friday. BY IRISH LANDLORDS. We extract the Freeman's Journal the followin g report of speeches delivered at a recent meeting in Concilia tion Hall:— . _ 11r. W. T. Kettv, solicitor, rose amidst loud cheer, and add-I do with almerity aware you that it is with deep regret that I have to mower the call of the Liberator, when I am imund to tell you that ouch persecution so is carried on in my native county (Mayo) never I existed in any county in Ireland. (Hear, hear.) I left HoUlna, in I the county of Mayo, on yesterday, and arrived here by the mail thin morning, in order to attend this association. I went from my resi dence in Dublin to attend the se bona of Mayo, which commenced at Rallinrobe, in the first division of that county. on Monday, the 28th of last month. There were entered at that aearions 1,500 civil bilk. Of them upwards of 900 were at the volt of land lords and agents, independent of rieetments. Some of sold dell HID wee. brought for recovery of the hat November mot Rho( "Name.") I will name some of throe landlords ids t forward such whorls for recovering the November rent, sad all them. I refer to my memoranda: Dominick Browne, et Brownhall ; Mr. Courtney Kenny, Mr. Cuff, Mr. Rutledge, and KTer eat others., at that siemions. Sir Robert Lynch Blow had at these mations I think, between 3 and 400 decrees; but it ie jus tice to him to my that he did not go for the November rent. The greater number ol decrees were taken out against the bodies of these ingemble and wretched tenants who had no corn to mire, and agalnat the gads of those who had any,oorn, so no landlord can legally take property foe rent onleox same be pelted on the premium; VA under decrees can follow the oats (which Is the gig support the poor tenants have for their familia) 111111111 s I ever found. These decrees are Intended to have the stet of ejectments, extirpating the lands, the landlords not caring one forth/rig what becomes of their unfortunate tenantry. The maims of Cootie:tar commenced on Monday, the ith inst., sad there woes entered there upwards a WOO civil bills, besides elaN. mere-the greater number of which wet-el:sought at the cult of the dandle min and In a great many instant, for the November rent The landlerds or the drivers have, in order, no I believe, toavoid pulpits reprobtelen in that diriaion, got up a system of inducing the peer twin le gam notes for wale, rents. Several actions have beim geenniled en W Wet against these balf.starred wnbeiati and M cocci asses seihme wove brought in this wa m r s r , the November rest. (Name arms) Mr. John Browne, al I . l „ rom ur brough , t ry segraj e. setr paz.ptintli for to those Wm; to November Wm; this Is the maw who writes ee swab. galas en the government to allimiale the condllign et the peer. we an know the swooning are dolma vied they goa ; there is no esepereden given by the Indlord gill ef Mayo. I WO believe tram whet I hen wassind Mt • pod manses the landed proprietors of that county coma It lessingbe thit mentry died or stsevation, If they eW pt i nto jon ot the wan pined by as= to save God's are !am Yip. moo le we which I with to haw ham ibis eeltioa b lama le ler. Browne, of Motintllreenia (who is bet) I will tell pie; lie le awe to the late Rigid Ma. Dads Brown, who warn known to kb day; he reprwted Made ler many) ear.; this Kan awn me sewn It Orr sena time; wird action were at 16 salt to Mass enimu m an lam babonsd. and Wish I wan of the Wien sad seam wan holental, owe Yid, on the swelene, venation _applied Ikea estanent, aft to se in Clanshar ameba the la god that dun would then be Mw to Idol na anon; and ea aengsa, the day bin dose seam saw alert ea alai= of mid promise, gad damns wen dabeilisanit morn name wretches; and co the reteraotthe awn or lkom ths mation, the poor people anertehed bow they wee dselivYtad ewe Odom came to ale to Crane. I brooght the eiremoNlMO baste the burnster, who said that he bed mit the poom o mire &weft prrouncvd, east pr ur olo:M Ws lit twe e % "r wro tzrriL nom as to the ha; bat be hlt hs wW no interfere. Dart Jean Iliewne, of Milk beating of as proesedimp that took pbse-• ignamma brawn In he siw. • when where every ideals imam bammr to and abood by biro-dl it asseenryte nen le as rd ppegeram & YO M Mr,tbtbew an the aket arm who Mann mid amen The geolon of BM- W eammismel en lI th Jesarery, and andnied at amens& oa lost tiateedey ; there ware Moen Klen and Mae sin hills and entomb night mon ; the avenge In tbat beldam teed tele tram 1,400 to Lan all Ms l as psalm amber oldest cam new at the cult of baglerdu Nagy oat ter fealty of the November rat ; in fact there woo dew Mt dletrist that had not large babes dial Ward wit Sr ~very of the last November rent Tire is dip Webs Mrmt k say tarn in that diatriet that aids. MO ml and OW of hanger, and no Wawa had to renew lan bat sleet an Jddag to hunk and entente them, not am allot thee the ipwoftgeye of Iftva awe le gestating as All awned M the porno are made of the woe material as they are, le It to be a mph' Mtn game aeon ewe upon the had where mei spat paned. The crme quiet awl region • ie it not body Immenbide Se me ... onto= mulananring to lank shoes en the public warle-aidr Severing the !Wises mil nab 11. ./. .a d t night, their algae pawned for eastemenn SO eranladdes bile. ea relieving the Wow nth& westend tarn I am Indy wevbsed were It out it Nuad larded hells andi as poet warden of the Demo Odeon inunade more then nes wield peed IV gram my hang he as amet. en relented on Opt. I wee Wedded In Ihnin, nines the erne el me. women god eldbran soft flery ware eberelse. On snobs ebb el abp mak WPM mitt an salkanesee mot wen be trhd for Wig a gimp alba baby des to we ann. Ids wile, god chil dren gem aboollks. balsawood. behingen nen, vhowerc lenseen 11l encelooP wahatiragenftenee of yeantromportatke. A washisysalkt allputdoilissell-he meow paliontly and without reining the pop of losfiff {llea id= boson wl6 and children oohs own Wm within loyitleg le an, and eterties In lb we. awn hams wine smog Mad It. Death ia web aan weld be preamble. as It wean • mime ben enarkag,• It is mot the poor who for the own epee the eneary-lent. I bean it-it is the tosemen mashie hew bollords Mat ha. caused y 4 Ides modems ahem.) Mr. O'Oossvit.-My Meg, Mr. Kelly, as Iwo canto Is, told me he had a steamed dais kind to make, ad he whited in k advised by me whether he should reserve it for mason, or make the sannent poliialy here. I advised him to rube It whitely, as waft se be - penny could. (Cheers.) I told him to name the inme-le perlininne the individnale-to give than fair play, In odor tae ableaunt wee emirate that he might banners on them as hinpolien an hewer d every Christian elan Iwe pin le prelirml-1 sheen low bees there two or the,. ape op but for Ike Impodoslll walber-I am going time be Wig hr hal be the mob; bet hew an lan am piellemet motive them hal Y • whore the holler& amnia themedves toma a mow as az. Ins amain Mier beer.) Ob, miteedas mot be dne le WI pod kaa the led one, and le Inn WOW the pone coq an be mole the Anne cis on the east, es et the avian that rimy vibe Y .l an hew= of the modes name branorn. (asima) In be lave tom Mr. Kelly what isreof Isallera one Imbed In these stradeos proceeding.? Lins.r-I moil mom Yaw . twat, who proceeded foe the Iffember nod; bog I ma ones way mare who wentr .. th s talls ant ody-I shall sem • lbw dant. Mr. of Ur. Courtnei r Kanny. and ar. Deadge; I t lime the War ths seenesomon of lie a nt is not Me ewe =lke D ata as vial Pailawhem moo as pone were preeeeded Nona bog the mel wee web whir the Mort of Chaney. nee an peemelage. ( len.) Illmee are also Ohms i trage s. Mellen of the sesoly an where 1 Met ewe. nag hodimiehodentas in bon thalronno branhtleihronspeille, now Opt apt one bythdrathaels. tdodos as indiellawls arab pinJobt nag at b teethe iamb Mat wow Sea awn as a the pavan agrom bi e, the dams rang a that they would tonne imeh pawn spa sere. log kb pwwilea• but it turned out 1 may kirmsoni UM not this ;moot, the par were unshorn. wid sedan were booght ia the man of the holders who sd a bpi right to nem& Thm the ampule aniseed into with Mass proms wen VIO. land 1 sag the Ydlpmgmt moo was obliged to psy for the paupers with whin he owe JaYad in thew securities. Bat I mad de the qmopia, the pelee d l . 7 .6 that in every instance where he 'sea ha pee way he the • but he felt that be we send to eve sad le ae We. not to Mi sneers which is manse- b Walsort. Lord tom has brought a to. glestoonle one may is. poseesse, one et Web Dame bhr the leweether tan. Leninism Webought a few, but they were for the May reet. Them Is briny a board In Tyrawly this did not go for the November W. (Hem, W.) I Mil THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, JANUARY 28, 1847. risme some of them,—the Burke* Knones, Gores, and Kirkwoodn If any of thee landlord. deny my etatements, the truth can be amity entertained from the booked the clerk of the ponce, which are the record* of the county. (Hear, hear.) Mr. (MON ELL. —Mr. Kelly ploige. himaelf as to all those wham he tea named. lie pledgee himself to the fat ts, and is ready to prove them. I think it quite right that there .hould be • penile.% preeented to parliament, praying that the government should appoint •then mineioner to report on the conduct of the lanulord. in es ery county In Ireland. (Hear and cheers). I move now, sir, that the com mittee should sit to-morrow for that purpose, and that the 'ele ment of Mr. Kelly, at Mr. Kelly's own rile, the responsibility of which he fA rudy to undertake, should be Marred in that petition, which I will pretest to the how. See what an aMictuig thing it is to give such a handle to the English parliament against ita. See what a cruelty Ito, not alone to the poor people who are proaccutol, but to the rest of the counter, to have each • Mirth fixed on it. The only way we tan wipe it off, is by meeting it boldly and promptly. I shall certainly call for the appointment of commissioner* for the purpose I have stated —and then parliament will understand whether the laws which have been made ranee the union in favour of the Ithdlords, and against the tenants, should not be remelt& See what • trick it is—the la, illorda could die train for the November rent if they pleated; but if a man removed hi. goodt of the premiees before the dialects, they could not directly dildrain for it. They take out civil bill proomes —they get decree* end can follow the property to any part of the country and aril it. (Hear.) The law aught to be altered. It will be one of my dote to endearour, feebly arid inefficiently, I am afraid, to get the law altered during the present time. Then, if there he no goods, the landlords take out decrees against the persons of their tenants—the object .f which in to keep them in custody) until they consent to give up their little farms and little bolding. ('• 00, oh.") It it the mod nefarious system ever yet put irto prattle- in this country. lam not pledging myself as to any of these facia relative to the landlords of Mayo, but let nobody say that I doubt the accuracy of his matements. I know him too well not to be convinced of the . . truth of the statements which he has made, but he is personally re sponsible for everything be has statell. I DOW move the appointment of a committee to prepare a petition to parliament, praying for the appointment of commissioners to report upon the comfort of the Iri4 landlord., It can be signed to-morrow. I will then take it with me to parliament, and It will be my rst act en my arrival in London to place it on the tabled the boom. (Cheers.) SCOTLAND. EDINBURGH, JAW. 26. The exotic pauperism of Glasgow is not improving. In the course of Friday, the sitting magistrates at the Central Police Court investigated cases of vagrancy, committed by about 200 individual& Nine-tenths of these persons are natives of Ireland. Some were ordered back to Ireland, and many were put on board the Irish steam-boats on the same day. In some cases relief and re-shipment came too late, as in the follow ing instance, reported in the Glasgow Herald. On Friday one of the police brought a man to the office whom he had found in the High-street begging, and in a state of destitution. Being evidently in a very bad condi tion, he was supplied with coffee, &c. ' • and on his case being investigated before the magistrate on Saturday morning, ho was ordered to he sent to the Town's Hospital. He accord ingly left the office accompanied by two police-substitutes, between one and two o'clock, but when in George-street he dropped down and immediately expired. The deceased, whose name was Patrick Smith, was a native of the county of Sligo, Ireland, and had only been in Glasgow three weeks. _ _ In Dingwall some families arc represented to be so destitute of fuel as to be obliged to eat their vege tables raw, while others rather than be reduced to such straits convert household furniture into fire wood. In the midst of such details it is gratifying to record instances of generous beneficence. Mr. Mathe son, of Acharny and Lewes, has not only undertaken the entire support of the poor on his extensive estates, but allows a steamer to be sent gratuitously with pro visions to other portions of the Highlands. We are diverted from this painful subject, by an amusing and characteristic report of a dinner at which Mr. Matheson was vice-president. The Scotch are even in their social hours extremely fond of statistics, and here is a specimen of the sort of after-dinner amusement which is indulged in on this side of the Tweed. EDINBURGH lion SCHOOL Dtrestan.—The gentlemen who attended this institution in session 1805-9, dined together in Edinburgh on Thursday last. The secretary read the following curious statistics or analysis of the class : 24 re siding in Edinburgh, 22 in other parts of Scotland, 10 in England, 1 in Ireland, 8 abroad, 76 deceased, 16 untraoed— in all, 157. Their different departments in life had been as follows : I member of the House of Peers, 2 members of the House of Commons, 2 professors of universities, 9 advocates, 9 writers to the signet. In all, 40 followed mercantile pur suits, 24 law, 23 medicine, 18 military, 6 naval, 6 agricultu ral, 6 civil service of government, 2 divinity, 6 no profession. IMPROVEMENT LOAN ASSOCIATION.—FoIIowing up the idea of the Drainage Act, an associations now in the cou rse of formation, having for its object the making advances to enable parties to build, rebuild, or otherwise improve, pro perty. Attention will be particularly given to improve the Wynds of Glasgow. Marrixo or II INDS. —A great meeting of the farm servants of East Lothian, was held at Haddington, on Mon day, the 18th instant, for the purpose of concocting measures to obtain an increase of wages, before entering into a new yearly engagement at the term of Candlemas first. The number who came to the town, from all parts of the country, was supposed to be nearly 1,600, but only the delegates from each farm were permitted to take part m the proceedings. The great majority of those present came to the follow ing resolutions, after a long and pretty noisy discussion To have 12s. of weekly wages in money.—A free house and garden.—A cow's keep—To be allowed to keep a pig.— Coals driven free; and victuals during the harvest. Up wards of 1,100 hinds gave in their adherence to abide by the above resolntione, and each subscribed one shilling, to form a fund for their support, in the event of the farmers not complying with their requests. It is to be hoped the hinds will see it their duty to modify their demands, which are generally considered extravagant, even by a considerable portion of their own body, and that a satisfactory understand ing between the farmer and his servant will he come to, which will be advantageous to both.—Kelso Mail. EXPORT OF GRAIN FROM CAITHN ESA—. The low quotations," says the John o'Great Journal, " which our markets have sent forth, compared with those paid in the south, has turned the attention of extensive dealers to this northern quarter, and the consequence is, that nearly every quarter of oats that can be had to purchase has been bought up within the last few days at prices varying from 265. to 31s. per quarter (40Ibe. per bushel)." STREET ROBBER( EA —For some time back, street-rob beries of an unusually bold character have taken place, both in Edinburgh and Glasgow. THE SCHOOLMASTER AMONG THE " NAVI ES."—AbOtlt four months ago, a nsmber of the navies employed on the Caledonian railway waited on Mr. Tweedie, school master, Pettiosin, so d wished him to open an evening class at such an hoar as would be convenient for them, and any others who might feel inclined to attend. In compliance with their wish the elms was begun with about a dozen florin, and is now in such a flourishing con dition that no more can be admitted for want of proper accommodation. In order to testify their respect for Mr. Tweedie, and gratitude for the unremitting attention paid them since they had the good fortune to come under his tuition, they unanimously resolved to invite him to an entertainment. Accordingly, on Monday, the 11th inst., the whole clam, with their teacher,sat down to a splen did and substantial supper is the school room—Mr. J. Had dow, one of the navies who had bad the honour of beginning the Caledonien Railway, acted as chairman; and Mr. John Lawrie, the only scholar not connected with railways, acted as croupier. It is worthy of remark, that although the party consisted of navies—who, in geaeral, are not proverbial for temperance—not one untoward word or action occurred during the whole evening, but all parted about twelve o'clock in the greatest harmony and good humour. FANATICISM. —On Sunday last, a boat belonging to Wick, while attempting to go out of Helmsdale-harbour, was struck by a sea, and driven to the south point of the river, where she became a wreck. The cargo, wheat and barley, was considerably damaged. The good people of Helmadale refused to render moistens, because it sear Sab bath !—Johns O'Groal Journal. blett..—DaarrrurioN.—We (Greenock Adver(iser)have received an extract of a letter from Mull, dated 16th t :—" Destitution begins to be much felt in this island. Thin are • great many deaths among our people and chil ies. not exactly from want, bat from a change of diet. Them were fifteen funerals in Rom church-yard lately in one day. Ido not know what the country is to do for the next sir months. There is a great talk of whatthe proprietors are doing for them in giving them work; they give them work, it is true, in draining, at so much per rod in Rose, but on such terms that an able-bodied man can only earn six-pence to eight-pence per day, and is poor man has to work eight hours for that, standing up to the knees in mud and water, and at the end of the week he get" an order for meal to the amount of work done, at the rate of 28s. per bolL The poor people, after trying it for • while, are obliged to give it up, as they cannot keep their families alive upon it, and their own health is destroyed by that kind of work. It is all very well talking of proprietors sending 6001. to 6001 worth of meal, but this the way it is given out. The Queen's ship is certainly of great ser vice at present by keeping a supply always on hand on reasonable terms. WALES. A CASE Or DEATH ow THE MOVIATAINS near Rhym ney Iron Work', is recorded in the Welsh papers. A person named John Richards, a collier, residing at Bedwelty, Mon mouthshire, had to go to Caven-coedycymer, near Merthyr Tydvil, on Saturday, to procure advice for his wife, who was exceedingly ill. On his return home, the weather being foggy and dark, he loot his way by coming over the mountain, which ended in the loss of his life. His Comity took no particular notice of his absence till Sun day evening, when they became very uneasy about him; they thought that he remained over the previous night with some acquaintances at Merthyr. However, search was made for him on Monday all day, but to no effect. On Tuesday all the collieries in the immediate neighbourhood suspended work, and the men united together to the number of from 700 to 800, in order to make a more strict and active search after him. Nearly opposite Penybank they found him lying on the ground, with his hand as if he had been putting ft in his pocket. There was Is. 6d. by his side on the ground, and 9s. in his trousers pocket. The medieine bottle was in his waistcoat pocket; his hat was at a little distance from him. He seemed to have been dead since the previa* Saturday night. He was carried home by the multitude, and was interred on the Thursday following at Salem, where he had been a member. He was a very sober and indus trious person. He has left a widow and five children to Je plore kis lose. An inquest was held on view of the body, when a verdict of " Accidental death " was returned. THE LORD LIEETENANCY OF THE COTNTY OE BRECON has become vacant by the death of Penry Williams, Esq. Rumour is already busy with the names of several individu ale who it is said will be honoured with the. offer of the high dignity of Ousts' Rotulorum for this shire. Amongst others, the Marquis of Camden is named ; Colonel Wood is also mentionel, and also Lloyd Vaughan Watkins, Esq. of Pennoyre: The latter eentli.man is a tried liberal, and will it is said be returned fur Brecon at the neat election. PROVINCIAL. SERIOUS FIRE IN LIVERPOOL YRlT22DAY.—Between the hours of one and two o'clock yesterday morning a dreadful fire broke out in the spacious premises of Mr. Challener, Mason street, near Wapping, which destroyed buildings and other property to a very considerable amount. It seems to have originated in a wooden shed, used by Mr. Challener as • place of temporary deposit for flour ; but, as in most cases of the kind, the cause of its origin is involved in mystery. The alarm was instantly conveyed to the fire station, and Mr. Hewitt lost no time in sending the engines to the spot, but, in the meantime, the high wind which pre vailed last night aided the fury of the devouring element, and speedily ignited the adjacent property. From the wooden shed, the flames were carried &crease yard to Mr. Challener's stable, which was burned down; and a fine horse was de stroyed. The fire next communicated with Mr. Challener's large warehouse, which was used partly as a flour store and partly as a block manufactory. This fine building was en tirely gutted. The roof, joists, and floors gave way at as early period, and nothing now remains but the bare walla. The property consumed in this building was of considerable value. Three of the rooms were fully stared with floor, and the other rooms contained a large stock of blocks and steam machinery, the whole of which have been either wholly destroyed or rendered utterly useless. The fire next communicated with a fine warehouse belonging to Mr. Thomas Booth, corn merchant; and this warehouse also, together with the whole of its contents, has likewise been destroyed. The roof and doors have been Turned through, and the bare walls only are standing. A second warehouse belonging to Mr. Booth, ands large ware house, belonging to Messrs. Lodge and Pritchard, ou the east side of Hunt-street, both took fire, but owing to the vigorous exertions of the firemen, they were only partially damaged. A small dwelling-house adjoining Mr. Challener's ware house was also on fire for a short time. Too much praise can not indeed be given to Mr. Hewitt and the men under his command for their promptness and energy in subduing the fire. Mr. Challener is insured in the Star-office ; and Mr. Booth is, it is believed, also insured. The large block manufacturing premises of the former gentleman, which han• now been consumed, were the most complete in Liverpool, they having been built expressly for the purpose at great expense. Several engines are still engaged in playing upon the smouldering pile, and large crowds of persons are assembled ' in all the adjacent streets. No correct estimate can yet be formed of the property destroyed. FRAUDS BY THE USE OF UNJUST 'WEIGHTS AND MEA SURES IN MANCREATER.—In the annual report of the in spector of weights and measures, it is stated by Mr. Mellor that the total estimated saving to the public, from the ad justment of weights and measures, amounted, in one year, to the large sum it 14,5271. 2s. 3d. Mr. Mellor shows how such saving is effected by means of a tabular statement, in giving which he saes, The daily usage of the weights and measures and the value of the goods sold Is conjectural; but from my own expel fence, and the information obtained, I have reason to believe that the amount assumed as the average value and usage is by no means exaggerated in either ease." The report states that the weight of lead and solder, &c., con sumed in adjusting weights during the year amounted to 1,8061 be., which for 36,017 weights adjusted, gives is average of ion. for each weight. Mr. Mellor then takes** weight of lead consumed (after deducting 5 per cent. fat loss in re-melting) as 1,8061 W., and assuming that the weights so deficient were used four times a day, and valuing the goods sold at three hallsence per lb., the saving daily would be 461. 35., or annually, 14,1311. 19s. Ile applies the same rule in estimating the saving from the adjustment of measures, thus: Number of measures adjusted (deduct ing yard measures), 648 ; estimated deficiency at 1-16th of a pint each measure (the pint weighing I ilbs.), 50ilba. daily saving, computing the value at I id. per lb., and the usage at four times per day, If Is, 3d., or, for the year, 39. 1 11.35. 3d. It would thus appear that at an expense to the public of 9151. 19. 1 Id. (a considerable proportion of which charge will not again recur) they effect a saving in one year ef', 14,5271. Is. 3d. THE EXTENSIVE EMBEZZLEMENT AT MANCHESTER.—; The prisoner, Thomas Smith, charged with having ale bezzled large sums of money from Mean, Strutt, of Derby, Mr. Ald. Shuttleworth, of Manchester, and other parties, an account of w hose apprehension was given in this pales, was brought up for examination at the Borough Court, Manchester, yesterday. The evidence went to show that Mr. Ald. Shuttleworth was a commission agent to Mesas. Strum of Derby, and was responsible for goods transmitted on their account, but that he employed the prisoner to massage the accounts, at a salary, allowing him the use of an office in Strutt-street, Manchester, to sell on his own account by com mission for other parties, and that Mr. Shuttleworth him self had employed him to sell several thousand pounds' worth of cotton for him, for the sale of which it was under stood he was to receive the usual commission, the money for which, however, he had embezzled; that on the 29th May last he was paid by Messrs. Simons and Co., on account of Messrs. Strutt, 3201. 145., by cheque upon Messrs. Jones Loyd and Co., bankers, and, on the 26th June, he was paid another cheque on the Union Bank for 3581. on account of the same firm by Messrs. Potter, Stell, and Co., ; that he had obtained cash for the cheques immediately afterwards, but that he had never accounted for the money. It appeared that in September Mr. Shuttleworth was written to hy Messrs. Strutt respecting the nenpayment of Potter, Steil, and Co.'s account, and that the prisoner answered the letter —(a copy of his letter being produced)—to the effect that they had promised to pay on the 26th October, and that ha had no doubt it would then be paid.—Mr. Pollock, harsic ter, who appeared fir the pri-over, succeeded in setting aside the second charge, by showing that the receipt for the money given by the prisoner was in a book, and on es stamped paper. He further objected that the prisoner was a servant to Mr. Shuttleworth, and not la Messrs. Strutt, and that not accounting for maw paid on account of Strutt and Co. was not embezzlement as a 'errant for Mr. Shuttleworth. The magistrate, Kr. Maude, intimated that he did not hold this to be a valid eb• jeetion. Mr. Beserick, chief superintendent of the detective police, applied for a remand of the prisoner, that °videos* la other cases might be brought forward airtime kiln. He awe remanded till Wednesday next The prisoner appeared imbe very ill, having jest recovered from a suireanion of fainting tin. He had held his situatioe fifteen your. THUNDERSTORM AT MANCHESTER. A thenderstanea broke over Manchester on Tuesday night with eater ordinary violence, but it was happily of only a few minutes. duration. The snow which had fallen last week had dis appeared, sad the atmosphere on Tuesday was as mild as could be expected on a fine spring moraing, op to about six, p.m., when a little rain fell accompanied by a cold wind. About nine o'clock the thunderstorm burst; about three or four vivid flashes of lightning being . followed by . loud peal of thunder and a heavy fall of rain. The roaring of the wind during this short-lived storm was almost equal to the sohe of the thunder itself. When the thunder and rain had emeed, the wind continued to blow hard, and did not ssabelde till morning. Yesterday the weather wee mild and TNsin. BRUTAL MODE OF FIGHTING prevalent in this meaty has led to another death. The Bkelthura Standard of yesterday says; Oa Monday last there was • rabbit race (a species of amusement sent which we cannot exactly describe) et kilachester, winch was got up amongst a number of Mowing men and others. After the sport was over some of the parties retired to a public-house, where they remained drinkingttill three o'clock on Tuesday morning. Two of these. John Ward, of Bailey, and Thomas Kay, a butcher,' were in the kitchen, and having quarrelled, they began to fight. Another man, named James Eccles, who was in the adjoining room, hearing the noise, went into the kitchen, where he found Kay and Ward on the floor. He separated them by lifting Kay from Ward. In about a minute afterwards, some one present cried out that the man Ward was dying. A surgeon was immediately sent for, but when he arnrW, he found that Ward was gait. dead. There was a hole in his right temple, which appeared to have been made by a blow with a blunt instrument, or by a kick with a clog. Kay had dogs on whim he was fighting. All the men were in a state of intoxicatiea at the tame. Information of the remit of this brutal affair having been conveyed to the polies, Kay was token into custody. Animists* will be held on Friday. LORD ASH LET continues his Mar through the manillas nude/ districts. 0a Monday he addressed • meeting on the Ten Hours Bill, at Bolton, and on Tuesday sight se • at Bury, when resolutions to the same effect es those paned at the Maveihreder were agreed to. Insimsd ship was well received at both , and matter lIMINIk* Wren moved and aseasdsd resolutions Last minim was to attend a meeting at Todmorden, and this eveidni be L expected to be at another, at Rochdale. Tama PAUPER/ IN Idvearoot.—At a numerous meet- ing of the magiatracy of the borough of Lirerpool, held yesterday, a petition to the House of Commons was unani mously adopted, praying that measures might be taken to alleviate, and in future prevent, the burden now peculiarly cast upon Liverpool, by the extenaive immigration of Irish Fdlffer , - oTARrING IN TR2 MIDST OF PLINTY.—We (Liverpool °wrier) give below, from the daily eustoms list, the import eihreiga provisions into Liverpool from the 18th to the 26th bet ineiesive. The quantity is truly astounding; and it mod be evident to every one, that if these enormous supplies were allowed to come fairly into play, it world be impomilde ke. the present market pri,s to be maintained. But what is the tact ? We learn from yesterday's corn-marketreturn, that Ohs number of barrels of flour upon which duty was paid haring the week ending the 19th instant was kitty-three! We may therefore repeat our question of last week " Where l as it all go to ?" And the answer must be, that instead at going into consumption at a moderate, or rather at a , handsome profit, to the relief of the general distress, it goes into the hands of " speculatoss," who expect in the end Is realise exorbitant and usurious returns. But " a day et reckoning" may come, and there are significant intimations that it is not far off. In the Liverpool Corn Exchange terday, wheat and barley each declined 2d. to 3d. per and flour Is. 6d. to 2.1. per barrel and sack. Our einneinee from Ireland show that the markets there were giving wag; and from Scotland we have similar reports, the elle* Kiwi being attributed to intelligence from London, antielfetim " acclaim at no distant day, when the crash will tell llemildly on largelaiden." 113,576 hrls. dour ; 16,1111firla ems meal; tm,..tma beak. ISAO7 sacks, 10,076 bags, lee Ida Ma ism ; SOAP bra, UN dada = n r;e Bl , t 3: 41 11. lowth."l.V.VlV:4 4 ' l 76ri. 6,367 boxes, 4seesidnehamet ell limenAll side, SW bop elms; 4,300 ors., IN Ms. 4111 Wm; e.tweis. NU Mem, K het : vow s., Wm. twetent • Webb. Isms; ale peek. mime; lON lags, 617 44 lard; pials. has.. Osten-Ea Et-cern:rm.-I:TheZ44 of the city of Chester has tined Saturday next fur the election of a burgess in the room of Lord Robert Grosvenor. The only candidate at present in the field is Ralf Grosvenor, son of the Marquis of Westminster. ..... ....... THE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH FROM PETERROTIOLGH TO STAMFORD Was completed On Tuesday last; thus opening for the lint time telegraphic communication between London and the borders of Lincolnshire.__ WARWICKSHIRE. CHARON OF DUEL AOAINST AN EXTENSIVE CORN DEALER.—A corn dealer, named Gomm, extensively en gaged in the businua in Birmingham, and re-six-eta' ly con nected, is now in custody in that town on a charge sf obtaining between 3,0004 and 4,000/. on false pretences. Gomm was chiefly employed by millers as a commission agent for the purchase of grain chiefly at the Stratford-upon- Avon, Worcester, and other markets in the Midland counties, and from the information which has at present transpired it appears that he purchased grain on several eccasums in the names of well-known houses, and that he sold the lots so purchased to other parties not mentioned to the original sellers; the monies received on this account he appropriated to his own purposes.—The pri soner was to have undergone an examination before the magistrates at Birmingham on Tuesday, but on the applica lieu of his attorney a remand was granted.—Proceedings have been instituted with the view to declaring Gomm a bank rupt; ohstacles have, however, presented themselves in the way of carrying out the proceedings; in the meantime parties in aposition to do so have sold up all his available effects, so that in all probability but little will be left for the remaining creditors. TAXING THE V eti.—On Tuesday the 19th four young ladies from the north of England, one of whom, Miss Lynch, of Liverpool, is said to be possessed of • handsome fortune, took the white or novice's veil of the " Sisters of Penance of the third order of St. Dominic," an establishment of which order has recently been commenced in Bristol. 1 heceremony was ce- lebrated, with much pomp, at St. Mary's Roman Catholic church, which wascrowded. The altar was gaily decked with flowers, and surmounted by an unusual number of tapers, and the officiating bishop, the Right Rev. Dr. Ullathorne, wore his sacerdotal vistments of white and gold, and his jewelled mitre. The four ladies, one of whom was young and handsome, were introduced by some sisters of the order; and baying aeked of the bishop, in the usual way, the habit of religion, his lordship addressed them upon the nature of the vocation upon which they were about to enter. The habits of the order were then fumigated with incense, sprinkled with "holy water," and presented to the seve ral postulants, who retired to throw off the rich lace dresses in which they had been attired, and to assume those peculiar to the year of probation. On their return, the novices were accompanied by a procession of about twenty young ladies, clothed in white, crowned with garlands, and each bearing a lighted taper, who officiated as " brides maids." The white veils were then placed on their beads by the bishop and superior of their convent, and each having been crowned with a wreath of flowers, they retired, bearing tapers, and knelt at the foot of the altar. The Veni Creator woo then chaunted, and the novices retired in procession as before, which closed the ceremony. CORNWALL FOOD RIOTS.—The following additional particulars are ob tained from the Diewnshire Chronicle s—Ou Wednesday last, the quiet town of St. Austell was disturbed by a large body of labourers from the china clay works in the neigh bourhood, proceeding to the number of about 150 in a body through the streets, with the avowed intention of stopping the shipping of cern at a port called l'ontewan, alwut two miles distant. Thither they bent their steps, and of course temporarily effected their purpose, as their num hers gradually increased until they mustered between 200 and 300; the vessels then warped off into the middle of the pool, to prevent their getting on board. Mr. Tremayne, of Heligu, an active magistrate, who was hold ing a court in the vicinity, was sent for. He addre - aed the throng, pointing nut in the kindest manner the delusion under which they laboured, in imagining that such a pro ceeding an they had that day adopted could prevent the ex portation of corn, or alter the prices: assuring them, how ever, that his influence should be used to prevent the sup plies being materially lessened in their neighbourhood. Raving scat to the adjoining stations, he assembled a body of coast-guard men, in order to maintain quiet as the darkness came on, and also, assisted by another magis trate, swore in 20 special constables. Fortunately their assistance was little required, as most of the assemblage separated as night approached, without doing any injury. It has however, as may be supposed, created considerable excite ment in the neighbourhood, and it is much feared (continues the Derorohlrf Chronicle) that this is but the commencement of a series of organized movements of • similar character. The assemblage wascomposed of labourers from the china-clay works—the miners have not as yet joined them, but rumour is afloat that they will join. LITERATURE. Travels in Peru, during Me years 1838-42. By Dr. J. J. VON 1 . 8911:DI. Translated from the German, by 'lnn- MAIIINA Ross. This volume ought rather to be entitled an extract from, than a translation of, Dr. Techudi's work. But we have probably herenearly everything in the German work likely to be generally interesting to the English reader. The translation, too, is upon the whole very readable, having indeed much of the ease and fluency of original composition. Only let Miss Ross avoid the unnecessary employment of long and learned words, and not talk (as she does at p. 449) of the saliva being " expectorated." These travels are among the most interesting that have lately appeared. The book is full of personal adventure; for few travellers have been more fortunate tban Dr. Tschudi would appear to have been, both in getting into scrapes and in getting out of them. No difficulties or dangers deter him from throwing him self into the midst of them : no emergency, however sudden, finds his !presence of mind at fault. The regions he has traversed, too, besides being in great part little known, abound in remarkable character 'mice of all kinds, and he has brought us back both the latest, and, upon the whole, perhaps, the most comprehensive account we have yet had of the vast tract of country which still, after various curtail meats, retains the name of Peru. Formerly the whole of South America, from the Isthmus of Darien to Cape Horn, was included under the two great territorial designations of Peru and Brasil. As all Spanish North America constituted the viceroyalty of Mexico, so all Spanish South Ame rica was called the viceroyalty of Peru. Long, how ever, before the dominion of Spain was overthrown, the northern portion of Peru was formed into a third viceroyalty, that of New Grenada, and the south eastern into a fourth, that of the Rio de la Plata; and cubsequently what remained of Peru was reduced to still narrower limits by the abstraction of the captain-generalship of Chile. Yet what is still knciwn as Peru jai large tract of country, pro bably containing more than half a million of square miles, or between two and three times the superficies of the kingdom of Fiume. Its length, measared along the Pacific, which bounds it on the west, is not much less than 1,200 miles, but decreases to leas than half that extent on its opposite or inland frontier; its breadth, for the greater part, varies from about 300 to 650 miles. The most distinguishing natural feature of Peru, and that from which the country principally derives its peculiar aapeet and character, is constituted by the two vast mountain chains, running nearly parallel to one another, and to the line of the cost, which extend throughout its whole length. They are commonly tailed the Eastern and Western Cordilleras, or Andes ; but, according to Dr. Tschudi, the Spanish term Cordillera should be confined to the western chain, or that nearest to the sea, the other being properly the Andes, which, he says, is a con traction or corruption of the Indiaa same Antas-uyu, meaning the metal country. The bee of the country will be best described by beginning from the east. There we have, first, an immense stretch of plain, which is commonly designated the Pampa del Sacramento; but, instead of being bare of trees, like the Pampas in the north of Brazil, it is covered with a thick primeval forest. It would appear, indeed, that the wooded country extends, in some parts at least, a considerable way up the acclivity of the mountains. Hence it is called the Montana. " The Peruvians," says Dr. Tschudi (p. 393), " apply this name to the vast aboriginal forests which extend across the whole country from north to south along the eastern foot of the Andes. Those which lie higher, and in which the spaces between the lofty trees are overgrown with thick masses of bushes and twining plants, are called by the natives simply Montana*. Those which are free from these intermediate masses 1 of vegetation they call Montana* reeks (royal moun tains). At first sight they produce the impression of a virgin forest of oaks." If this be so, the term Mon- ' tans is misapplied when it is used, as it is in the j common accounts, to designate the high country in- I eluded between the two mountain chains. Certain 1 high ridges, crowned with stunted trees and brush- 4 wood, which project from the Andes, and surmount I the Montana, are called, it seems, by the natives, Ccja 1 de la Montana (literall yy mist of the mountains). ' "The distance from the 'a," Dr. Tschudi proceeds, "to I the district properly ccaalllled the Montana, is very ' various at different points. In some parts it takes six or eight days' hard riding ; in other directions the traveller may in the morning leave the mod-covered Puna huts, and at sunset, on the uninhabited margin I of the primeval forest, he may taste pine-apples and bananas of his own gathering. Such a day certainly deserves to form an epoch in his life; for in the course of a few hours he passes through the most opposite climates of the earth, and the godual pro gression of the development of the vegetable world is spread out in visible reality before him." The forest lands of the Montana, however, have in many parts been cleared, and a considerable number of Chris tianised Indians are employed either in cultivat ing fields of their own, or in working as day labourers in plantations belonging to Creole proprie tors, the principal productions being sugar, coffee s maize, the stimulating plant called coca (of the alleged effects of which in sustaining and nourishing strength, with very little of either food or sleep, Dr. Techudi tells some wonderful stories), tobacco, oranges, bananas, and pineapples, besides bark, bal sams, gums, honey, and wax. And there are also numerous tribes of Indios bravos, or wild Indians, who inhabit the eastern Montanas, towards the fron tiers of Brazil. The medium height of the Andes Dr. Tschudi gives as 17,000 feet ; that of the Cordillera chain, in South Peru, as 15,039 feet above the level of the sea. Several of the points of both ranges, however, are believed to rise far beyond these elevations. Chim borazo, in the northern part of the western range, is stated by Ilumboldt to be about 21,600 feet high; and it his since been affirmed, that towardi the other extremity of the same range, the Nevada de Chuqui bamba rises to nearly 22,000 feet ; and in the same quarter of the ea.ste: n range the Cerro Nevada do lllimani to 24,350, and the Nevada de Sorata to 25,250. These southern elevations, however, are in Bolivia. In general, wherever the one range rises above the general level, the other is depressed below it. The region lying between the two ranges, which in some places is a hundred miles across, is partly, like the mountains themselves, cleft by ravines or valleys, but consists mostly of table-lands, 12.000 feet above the level of the sea. These elevated table-lands are called in the Quichue, or old Peruvian language, the Puna, and often by the Spaniards, the Deepohlado (or uninhabited country 1. " Th 7 spread," says Dr. Tseliudi, " over the le hole extent of Peru, from north west to south-east, a distance of 330 Spanish miles, continuing through Bolivia, and gradually running eastward into the Argentine republic." The valleys, he observes. elsewhere, "are called the Sierra. The inhabitants of Lima usually com prehend, under the term Sierra, the whole interior of Peru, and every Indian who is not an inhabitant of the coast or of the forest regions is called a Serrano. But, strictly speaking, the Sierra includes only the volleys between the Cordillera and the Andes." The climate of the table-lands is described as not less rigorous than that of the high mountain ridges. " Cold winds from the West and South-West 'blow nearly all the year round from the ice-topped Cordillera; and for the space of four months these winds are daily accompanied by thun der, lightning, and snow-storms." " The aspect of the Puna," it is added, " is singularly monotonous and dreary. The expansive levels are scantily covered with greases of a yellowi3h-brown hue, and are never enlivened by fresh-looking verdure." The only plant cultivated with any degree of success is the maca, which our author says has not been men tioned, as far as he is aware, by any previous traveller. He describe s it as a tuberous root grown like the potato, and, like it, used as an article of food, having an agreeable and somewhat sweetish flavour, and when boiled in mil': tasting like a chesnut. He also saw some fields of barley growing in the Puna at the height of 13,200 feet above the sea; but it seldom shoots into ears, and is cut when green as fodder for horses. These regions are the native home of the llama, and his congeners the alpaco, the hnanacu, and the vicuna, the great mammalia which served the ancient Peruvians for their beasts of bur. then, and supplied them with wool and with flesh meat, before horses and black cattle were introduced by the Spaniards; and they are alsotenanted by vari ous other animals. Nor are they altogether without human inhabitants; even in the most desolate parts of them are scattered a few shepherds, lodged, with their families, in miser able huts. The famous great high-road of the Incas, which led from Quito to Cuzco, passed through the Puna, and Lamy remains of it are still visible there. Altogether unlike the Puna is the Sierra. Ilere, too, indeed, the cold, esp. cially during the night, is often extremely severe ; the heat at noon is sometimes oppree ice; and there is a winter or rainy season which commences in October and lasts till April. But then comes an uninterrupted succes sion of warm, bright days for six months. "These regions," says 1)r. TF ehud i , " so favoured by nature, have, from the earliest period, been the chosen dwelling-places of the Peruvians ; and therefore in the Sierra, which, measured by its superfleies, is not of very great extent, the popu lation has increased more than in any other part of Peru. The valleys already contain numerous towns, villages, and hamlets, which would rise in importance if they had greater facility of communication one with another. But they are surrounded un all sides by mountains, which can be crossed only by circuitous and dangerous routes. The few accessible pathways are alternately up rugged ascents, and down steep declivities, or, winding through narrow ravines, nearly choked up by broken fragments of rock, they lead to the dreary and barren level heights." The Serranos in the smaller villages are almost all Indians ; but in the towns and large villages there are many Medicos, or half-castea. The Creoles, or whites, are very few. Dr. Tsehudi, by the bye, maintains that it is a mis take to attach to the term Creole the idea of a parti cular complexion. "The designation Creole,' he says, " properly belongs to all the nativee of Amenca born of pwents who have emi grated from the Old World, be those pa rents Europeans or Africans. There are, there fore, black as well as white Creoles." In a list, however, of the different varieties of half-castes, with their proper designations, which he subjoins, he de scribes the Creole as the progeny of a white father and a Mestiza mother, and as "only distinguished from the white by a pale-brownish complexion." A Mulatto, according to this list, means the child either of a white father and negro mother ; or of a negro father and Cuarterona or Quintern mother; a Medico, the child either of a white father and Indian mother, or of an Indian father and Cuarterona or Quintero mother. A Cuarteron, again, is the offspring of a white father and Mulatta mother ; a Quintero, that of a white fatherand Cuarterona mother. It is, we are told,the esta blished rule, " that the children bear the designation denoting the same degree of mixed blood, whatever may respectively be the colours of the parents;" that is to say, it makes no difference whether it be the father or the mother that has the black or mixed blood, or the latter of the deepest tint. It is in this central or mountainous region that the mineral wealth of Peru is chiefly found. " Both the mountain chains," says our author, " as well as their lateral branches, are rich in metallic produce ; but in the principal mountains gold is rare. Some rich mines on the coast, and in the province of Arequipa, are sow nearly exhausted. Wash gold is plentiful in the rivers of North Peru, but it is not carefully collected. Silver, which constitutes the principal wealth of Peru, is found in greatest abundance in the principal chains; namely, in Northern and Central Peru, in the Cordillera; and in Southern Peru, in the Andes. It presents itself in all forms and combinations, from the pure metal to the lead ore mixed with silver. Even in the highest elevations, in parts scarcely trodden by human footste rich veins of silver are discovered. It is scarcely possible to pass half a day in these regions without encountering new streaks. Quicksilver is likewise found, but in such small quantities that the gain does not pay the labour of the miners. The only quick silver vein of any magnitude is at Huancavelica. Both mountain chains are very rich in copper ore but it is extracted only from the Cordillera, for the distance of the Andes from the coast ren ders the transport too expensive. The lead and iron mines, though amazingly prolific, see not worked ; the price of the metal being too low to pay the labour." In some localities, as at the eels brated Cerro de Pasco, in lat. 10 deg. 48 min. S., long. 76 deg. 23 min. W., where a large and populous city has grown up at the height of nearly 13,700 feet above the level of the sea, the ground seems to be penetMted everywhere by a close network of silver. One immense vein is of the breadth of 412 feet; another, of 380 ; and the former has been traced to the length of 9,600, the latter to that of 6,400 feet. Last of all comes the plain, or rather declivity, be tween the Cordillera and the sea, which is of the average breadth of front sixty to seventy English miles. Ile outer aspect of the Cordillera is described by Dr. Tschndi as totally different from that of the Andes. " It is more wild and rugged ; its ridge is broader, and its summits less pyramidical. The summits of the Andes terminate in slender, sharp points, like needles. The Cordillera descends in terraces to the level heights, whilst the slope of the Andes is uniform and unbroken. The summits of the cal careous hills, which stretch eastward born the great