The Express. — London, England, 1852-08-02 00:00:00

nc enartAA• Tit CORN ILSPON DYNTII. • Nosed &Was " The Cameo," arriair he sane Males% Casette," a i,agaimel oleo y ramie, sae Mae, i n y a w be Pm. ideeetaeseretstsonsied The Is peene,' • Lea km Drama peps, ewe to a the 1 .11c1r. 10, 9401,ttW.47t111, Two Weleek es the des of pubaselsee. 111011 WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE T. Pat A. 491. T..d 'arm imatad. 44. LONDON. MONDAY. AUGUST 2. THE ministerial simmeas in France invest French politics with a Dew Utmost, but whilst we see some semblance of strength given to branches of Louis HP rots:tees government by the adhesion of DEOUVM DE t'llevs and M. FOULD, we be come conscious of a positive injury inflicted on it by the letter of ODILOX B tRROT to the electors of the department of the Aisne. This letter is worthy of the character of the man whose name it bears. More feeling and forgivinf than the senten tious refusals of CAVAIONAC and AUeIIER to swear allegiance to the new order of things in France, it is equally unqualified in its repudiation of the worthless and shameless forgery of a free constitution. The deceptive forms of universal suffrage and of depart mental elections, as it is truly said, seem only to have been preserved for the purpose of tyranny, and M. Rumor justly judges that the first and high est duty which he owes to country and to conscience is to withhold, under all circumstances, his sanction from a usurpation of power so unblushing, com passed and maintained by means so utterly beyond the pale of ordinary law. For many years, and under many changes and vicissitudes, M. BARROT had fulfilled the trust of popular representative. lie had likewise occupied the pest ot.Minister, both under the regime of Levu PHILIPPE and that of tbe Republic. By more eloquent and more energetic rivals he may have been out-shone in the cabinet and the Chamber. lint by none has he been surpassed in consistency. A genuine liberal, Onttos Humor has been at all times in favour of expansive and experimental progress as contra-dis tinguished from sudden and total changes. One of the earliest to resist the reactionary tendenciesof Louis PHILIPPE after the revolution of 1830, and among the last to warn that spoiled child of fortune of the fate to which those tendencies were inevitably leading him, M. II vmeor was at all times thoroughly re spected and trusted by the shrewd and selfish king. It is a curious fact which, more than any of a political kind, denotes the esteem in which he was held by the chief members of the ORLEANS family, that in Madame .IDet.stne's will he was named as one of .the trustees: and how cordial was the sympathy between that remarkable princess and her royal brother need not be told. Few men of competent judgment who look back at the history of the last five years Mill hesitate to own that. had the counsels of Reamer in favour of parliamentary reform been followed at the beginning of 1848, all parties, whether that of order or that of liberalism, would now be gainers. The monarchy of the barricades might have been exposed to new trials of temper, but it would not have been overthrown. The suffrage might not have been nicknamed universal; but it would not have become aby -word and a mockery. The conservatism of M. Ottrict would doubtless have been humbled in the dust, but the spectacle of Ateliers Nationaux, termi nating in the murderous conflict of June. 1848, would have been spared to France and Europe. Finally the show and semblance of a republic might not have glittered for a brief span before the eyes of a dazzled populace • but a great nation would have been saved hem the and disgrace of :finding itself in the course of a single night jockeyed out of all its oldest and dearest liberties. Again in 18.11, when the practical incoherency of the crude constitution of 184th rendered speedy but safe modifications plainly requisite, ODILON &M -awr wes one of those who, like M. DE TOCQUEVILLE and the Due de Baootte, earnestly recommended the prompt consideration and adoption of some essential change. Had their advice been followed, the consti tution might not have been wholly freed perhaps from incongruities and errors ; but its shameful overthrow on the 2nd December would hare been averted, and the best and bravest sus of France would not now be fugitives in foreign Mods, or pri soners on parole, mute and powerless, in their own. But the voice of moderation was alike dhespeded by the obstinate ultras of opposite sides. and knee tke deplorable sequel which we now behold. The electors of the Aisne have recently called upon their long•tried representative to suffer himself to be put in nomination again for their depart ment, to serve in the soi-diasnt Legislative Council. M. BARI= asks significantly what could he do there? Manifestly nothing useful or honour able to himself, or those who should nominate him. Like MOLE, CAVAIG MAC, DE TOCCWEVILLE, CHAMOAR HIER, 7ltteas, DE BROGLIE, and a host of other dis tinguished men of civil and military fame, ho declines with dignity to walk in the train of the present irre sponsible muter of France, or to share even in seeming the task of conducting the affairs of the State. They prefer to leave the monopoly of the sham trusts and solid profits of government to the adventurers, schemers, and desperadoes who cluster round the steps of the plagiarised empire. Of:the same mind appears to be nearly every man of distin guished antecedents in the community. To what influence we are to ascribe the acceptance of the foreign portfolio by M. DROCTN DE t'fieva time must reveal. As far as England is concerned, we are not disposed to cavil at his entrance into the cabinet of the Elyse('; but we own we sympathise far more in the candid and consistent spirit which has prompted M. 001 LON BARROT to refuse the acceptance of any post or station which would compel him to swear fidelity to the present military , despotism whereby his country is governed. with calm firmness he declares his unshaken faith in the &Uhl of his fellow-countrymen, and their capacity for consti tutional freedom; and he prefers to pass whatever interval may yet elapse ere the restoration of well-ordered liberty in the honest obscurity of a pri vate station. Truly the heart of the nation must be callous that would not appreciate conduct of this kind ; and it is evident that the existing government, far from believing in the prevalence of such insensi bility, have deemed it prudent to stop in the Post office all copies of the Indepeadasee Beige, in which Opium BARROT . II letter appeared. ENGLAND is far too dependent on America for her supply of cotton. There is too much risk in relying on any one country, if we consider the climate and seasons alone ; but the risk is seriously aggravated when the country is not our own, but is inhabited by a nation which, however friendly on the whole, and however closely allied with us by blood and language, has been at war with us more than once, and might possibly some day be so again ; or, if this risk is considered too remote, we may say merely that there are circumstances in the position and constitution of the United States sufficiently unlike our own to make it undesirable that there should be no alternative, for us or for them, but dependence on each other in any matter of supreme importance to either. Oar cotton manufacture has, since the opening of the century, added a permanent two millions—probably by this time much more—to our population; and the necessity of drawing the whole of our raw material from one country involves therefore as serious a liability as any to which, as a nation, we arc subject. There have been fluctuations in the fortunes of Lancashire within the last few years which show how carefully we ought, if possible, to guard against the maintenance of millions of our people being impaired or cut off, any year, by the accident of a frost or a drought in a country subject to both. When we add the consideration that cotton in the United States is raised by slave labour, and that the only certainty about slave labour is that it will sooner or later booms free, it is evident that we cannot too soon set about providing ourselves with wide cat on-fields in various parte of the world, and if possible, within our own dominions. Virginia is well nigh exhausted, as everybody knows, in her whole extent, except in that western table-land where the cotton culture gives place to that of corn. For many years past Virginia has been sustained chiefly by the bre. ding of negroes and mulattoes for sale to the south. North Carolina is equally exhausted, and appears to have nothing to sell to anybody. The cotton-growth is most °onside ruble on the virgin soils of the southernmost statps ; and it is because they too must become impoyeriablid that the Americium have seized upon Tekas and Mexico, in order to continue the supply of cotton to the European market. It is obvious that our depen dence would be • very precarious one, under the best circumstances, if we relied solely on the supply of cotton by slave labour. It is cot the production of cotton, but the use of slave labour which wears out the mil of the slave states; and the only thing we could be sure of, if we had no other resource, is that tract alter tract, district afer district, would fellow the fate of the impoverished and deserted lands which every traveller observes through the whole length of Virginia and North Carolina, so that the safety of our cotton manufacture must, in fact, depend on the success of American aggreu-ion, in ionizing to the United States foreign soil hi herto tree from the curse of slavery. It is melancholy . to the traveller to mark the wasted fields, the ruined fences, the broken bridges, the impassable roads, the deserted mansions of whole states, whence Britain once derived her annual supply of cotton, and to remember that the latest annexed virgin soils must come to the same pass, under the same curse, whether slavery be called by its own name, or by the ingenious title of " apprenticeship for ninety : nine years." There is nothing new in this, though a recent incident has revived men's ideas and feelings on the subject. It is at least twenty years since the danger was seen so clearly that great efforts were made to grow cotton in India. Sixteen years since, residents in India wrote us the news that the cotton was flourishing on the table lands of the interior, and that the roads down the Ghauth were blackened with troops of bullocks, laden with bales for shipment from the western ports. But alas! those roads down the °haute have hitherto been fatal to the scheme. Bullock carriage is not good for cotton, under the best circumstances; and, in this case, the injury and destruction to the pro duce have made the scheme abortive, and have postponed our hopes to the formation of railroads. The dust, the sweat of the toiling animals, the mud, the frequent falls, made such a mess of the cotton, in its conveyance to the coast, that little or none of it was, by that time, worth having. We have never given up our hope of getting cotton from India, and plenty of it; and heaven forbid that we should ever give it up, for it is a rational as well as a plea sant hope; but we cannot help seeing that it will take years to supply us with what we want from that quarter. By the activity of the Manchester Chamber of Commerce great progress has been made in discovering which are the best districts for the growth of the cotton ; which species flourish best in different localities; how the natives may be trained to prepare it thoroughly fur Lancashire use ; and what may be expected from the projection of rail roads into the heart of the great peninsula. Nobody doubts what a blessing this new tillage will be to the natives, both in itself and from the revela tions of their existing condition which would reach the English mind through this new channel of communication ; and it is certain that the free labour of India will be so cheap in comparison with the slave lat our of America as to overpay, very largely, the difference of distance from Liverpool. But still it must take years to make the railways and to esta blish particular species of cotton as die staple of par ticular districts—years to train the natives so tho roughly as to be able to rely on the steady excellence of their preparation of the produce. To fill up the interval and secure a provisional alternative to the United States, we have been quietly studying the globe, contemplating the zones within which cotton will grow. M e have listened to reports from Ja maica ; we have sent lists of questions to the seasoned navigators of the Niger; we have sought spe cimens on the Nubian banks of the Nile ; we have examined Clausen 's patent process in Ire land ; we have out wistful glances towards the plains of China, we have explored, in speculation, the whole circuit of the globe; and now, on a sudden, we are assured of all we want by a mail from our own Australia. It is great news —very great news—full of more ono:tingled promise than the discovery . of the gold in that country. As far as we can see it is all true and sound. The President of the Manchester Cham ber of Commerce must know what cotton is,— and from his office, and under his sense of responsi bility, he can be in no haste to give his approbation to any doubtful product ; he would rather be jealous of the introduction of any thing infettor to the best that can be obtained from the old wanes. Yet Mr. BULLY pronounces the Australian specimens submitted to him to be " excellent," " really beautiful," and so on; adding, generally,. that it is " well got up," and "in perfect condition for the spinner." At the end of the report we are told that Mr. BAZLEY has been careful to understate his admiration of the article, and that such specimens of perfect cotton have rarely been seen in Manchester. Here we have at once the product in high perfection, and every advantage in its preparation for use in Lanca shire. We depend neither on miserable and degraded slaves, nor on ignorant native Indians, whose minds and ways are not half known tons. We are to be ministered toby Englishmen and English women, who know what Lancashire is, and have the diligent and careful industry and skill which are familiar to us at home. When the gold fever has somewhat subsided, and the shepherds are returning to their &eke and folds, and artisans to the towns, • crowd of the new im migrants will find it best worth their while to de vote themselves to the growth and preparation of cotton. While other articles are procured so easily from America, there can be no difficulty in obtain ing the beat machinery for the cleaning of the pro duct, and many improvements, economies, and wise arrangements, which are impossible where the labourers are slaves, will be introduced, and must surely give our colony the advantage over all other cotton fields in the world. We should, above all, rejoice if this discovery should in the end confirm and extend our relations with the cotton-growing states of the American Union. We are anxious to secure ourselves from a total dependence upon them • we prefer deriving our supplies from free rather tha n slave labour ; and we should be glad to sec our discovery hastening the abolition of slavery by rendering slavery more tho roughly and unquestionably unprofitable than it is even now. But, though we feel that the emancipa tion of American slaves would be the best and high est consequence of the production of Australian cot ton, we have no desire to break of our connexion with the South Carolina and Georgia planters. If they, by freeing their slaves, become able to improve their lands, and keep their place in the world's market, and save themselves from destruction, none would rejoice more than their old English customers. And there is • place in the world's market for them, and the Indians, and the Australians, and all who seek for prosperity in the only way in which it can be permanent—by being just to all, black or white, bond or free. FRANCE. THE MINISTRY. PARIS, BATOZDAI( EYININO. The Monilerr contains a decree appointing M. Achille Fould Minister of State in the place of M. Casabianca. This nomination, which has taken the public completely by surprien,is sneceeded by the following note: "The decree calling M. Achille Pould to the im portant functions of Minister of State completes the Cabinet. By the speciality of the selections which he hes just made, the Prince President has wished to give to his government the conditions of stability and durable success (arenie) which are in the spint of the constitution. We may hope not to behold again for a long time those changes of persons which east trouble and indecision into affairs." The Cabinet is now definitely constituted as follows: State Finance Public Works Maim Mariech e w Dem Justice Instruction Foetid Interior War Police . Of these ten ministers the first half represent the administrative capacity and sober views of the cabi- *ME EXPREBI, MONERY NVENII443. aIIOUST 1. 1852 net. In the second half ter4loli be found the minister ,ofthe coup rlitat, and the dl party of the Elysee. The note of the Monkeur dwells spun the spa iislitY of the appointments just made. But the speciality of M. Achille Fould is generally recognised Wbe finances. Hence we may infer that either the Minister of State will absorb the leading functions of Wit financial department, or that, if the cabinet is to he consideied as definitively constituted es regards the persons who compose it, some further internal ' change may take place in the distribution of tba places, and that thus M. Fould may resume the p os t of financial minister. In the first case, M. Hinton,' the present Minister of Finance, would become a ss clerk in his own office, and in the second, some further exchange of places might succeed. Mean while it is regarded as more probable that M. Fould will remain in his present position, and wield from thence the chief financial power, to which his speciality applies. This view, moreover, is favoured by the stress laid in the official note, which is attri buted to the President's immediate dictation, CO " the importance of the functionsof Minister of State." It is true that, ou the re-establishment by Louis Napoleon of this institution of the empire, it wee thought that the new Minister of State would con centrate in his hands the high comprehensive func tions formerly attributed by the Emperor to Marct, Duke of Busance But this expectation was so far from being realised, that it is known that the Mar quis de Turgot declined to change the department of Foreign Affairs for that of the Minister of State, because he considered it to be a de ment in the scale of ministerial importance. This Motion, for the rest very generally shared by the public, may, however, have been au error, arising lhou the limited capacity rather than attributes of M. Orabianca. In fact, if you consult the organic decree instituting the Ministry of State you will find that it includes—l. The relation' , of the government with the Senate, the Corps Legislator, and the Cbuncil of State. 2. The correspondence of the Pre sident with the different ministries. 3. The counter signature of all decrees involving the exercise of the extraordinary powers conferred on the President by his own constitution. 4. lho retarding and keeping of the minutes of cabinet councils. 5. The exclasive direction of the official part of the Moniteur. 6. The administration of the national palaces and manufac tures. In the Ministry of State are prepared studies of all questions brougV before the Council of State, studies of general questions ordered by the Presi dent, and last, not least, the draft of the budget. Perhaps we shall find in the last circumstance the secret of M. Fould's appointment. Fur the rest this unexpected arrangement has been greeted by a con siderable rise in the funds—the Four-and-a-Half per Cents. having closed a franc higher than yesterday. As we are told by the Monileur that no more ministerial changes are to be expected for a long time to come, it may be worth while fur a moment to innsider the transitions which have led up to the resent result. The last respectable ministry which surrounded Louis Napoleon was that headed M. Leon Faucher. The great pivots of change M. Faucher and his colleagues Fould, Baroche, sad Rouher, endeavoured to procure the re election d the President by the legal revision of the 'institution, have been:-1. The declared resolution l eLouis Napoleon to abolish the electoral law of May 31, 1850; 2. The coup d'etat of December 2. L the confiscation of the Orleans property. The presence of General St. Arnaud in the ministry which succeeded M. Faucher on the 2Gth of October indicated the imminence of the coup d'ilat under the pretence of restoring universal suffrage. General d'Arbouville had said some months before, " When ▪ Arnaud comes home from Algiers, look out for the coup rang." M. Fould at such a moment was not the man to be found at the financial helm, which was given up to the advocate of the Bona partist claims, Casabianca. The obscure extra parliamentary names of David and Thorigny, as Ministers of Justice and the Interior, show to what straits Louis Napoleon was reduced at this period to find men to back hint against the Ateembly. The 2nd of December approached, the funds sinking ever lower. The blow was no sooner struck than Fould, Magne, and Rouher, who had re tired with M. Leon Faucher, came forward again, and consented to sit at the same council board with 1)4 Morey and St. Arnaud. On the 22nd January these four ministers tendered their resignation rather than sign the decrees of confiscation against the house of Orleans. But General St. Arnaud contented himself with allowing to transpire through • coin mainigeod his reluctance to remain iu the service of Louis Napoleon after the spoliation of his former commander in Africa, the Duke d'Aumale. The appearance of his name in the list of senators, which came out a few days later, and the conse quent addition of a handsome &teflon to his salary as minister, showed that General St. Arnaud had done less violence to his worldly position than to his conscience in withdrawing his resignation. Those who hoped that the other ministers had been disinterested in their opposition to those ne farious decrees, had to undeceive themselves on reading the name of M. Fould among the senators, and those of Magne and itouher in the roll of councillors of state. l)e Morny alone accompanied his resignation by no compromise ; and the fact of his not having re entered the ministry with MM. Fould and Magne, is accepted as a proof that upon the Orleans question his opinions have undergone no change; while it is clear, that if the other two ministers had been sincere in their disavowal of the confiscation, they would never have accepted the lucrative positions offered to them upon their retirement from the cabinet. On this account their return to office has always been looked forward to ; and it is but fair to say, that the administration will have gained two able hands by the completion of this arrangem ent . pus The railway undertak ing will be on vigorously under the new Minister of Public Works; and if the talent of M. Achille Fould is rather that of a dexterous manager of the Bourse, than of an able financier in a com prehensive sense, still his presence in the cabinet is recognised u a pledge that those wild schemes of innovation generally attributed to Louis Napoleon are for the present laid upon the shelf. On the other hand it is thought that the nomination of M. Fould does not argue well for the progress of those commercial reforms in a Free-trade sense, which have been supposed to form a part of the President's Serious disorders have taken place in the commune of Demuin, in the Somme, in consequence of a severe decree of the mayor on the subject of gleaners. The Sub-prefect of Montdidier, and the substitute of the precursor of the Republic repaired to the spot, but failed to appease the incensed inhabitants, who have from time immemorial exercised this privilege of the poor. By order of the prefer', a detachment of cuirassiers and a body of infantry were despatched to Demuin ; and the prefect himself, together with the procureur, proceeded to the scene of divurbance. Madame Victor Hugo, accompanied by her son, arrived yesterday at Havre, and embarked the same evening for England to rejoin her husband. M. Leymaire, author of a lithographic correspon dence not very favourable to the government, has been Aced 5,000 francs for not observing some of the formalities prescribed by the law of the press. The Or eau of Brest, arrived in Paris to•day, con tains an article attacking M. Lacrosse, minister of public works before the coup (rectal, and now senator, and opposing his candidature for a seat in tho Coon cil-Oeneral of the Finistere. It is said that a warning will be sent to this journal for its bold samara on a government candidate. To-day several misinformed persons spread a re port in Paris that an attempt had been made on the President at Cloud. This wild rumour seems attri butable to a letter from Paris, dated the Bth inst., to the Awed de 11ronekfort, and has not the last foundation. The Union states that M. de Casablanca is to re oeivea dotation of 30,000 h. as senator. All the railway compenjes have addressed a con joint representation to the Ministers of Finance and of Public works, tending to have the double liquida tion per month at the Bourse done away with. The workmen at the ship yard of the Rue de Rome, at Marseilles, struck on the 27th for an in crease of wages. One of the ringleaders having been arrested, some of the men resumed their work. An investigation has been ordered into the matter. The men employed in the spinning establishment of M. Isaac Kcechlin, of Villa., near 'lhann, have also struck for an increase of wages. Ile at once offered to give them an augmentation of 10 per cent., but the men held out for 17 per ant. The Minister of the Interior, Agriculture, and Commerce has charged M. Leclerc to visit the south of Franco, and, it necessary, parts of Italy, to exa mine the malady in the grapes caused by the uidiune tucheri. That gentleman has been passing some days at Bordeaux in examining the vines. He as certained that the malady prevails at Nlerignac and in the Meduc. In the famous growths from Ludon to St. Est4phe the malady was discovered on several points, especially in the communes of Pauillac and St. Julien. The production and consumption of beetroot sugar, which for some months had fallen off, has acquired fresh activity during the month of June . It appears from the official returns in the 3fonitcur that the number of manufactories at work at the end of last month was 329, or 23 more than at tho corresponding period of last year. The amount manufactured since the commencement of the season is 73,972,760 kilog. against 79,463,382 in 1850-51. The qnantity sent oit was 61,704,527 king. against 70,003,616 in 186451. There remains in the manufactories 12,268,233 kilog. against 9,459,766 kilog. at the correspond ing period of last year. There has entered into the entrepots since the commencement of the season 30,334,487 kilog. against 33,630,574 in 1860- 1851, and there bas left them 24,719,968 kilog. against 26,816,693. There remained in entrepot at the end of June 5,614,519 kilogrammes against 6,783,881 kilog. on the 30th of June, 1831. It re sults from these returns that the decrease on the quantity manufactured is much greater than on the quantities remaining in stock, or in the entrepots, from which it may be inferred that the difference is made up to consumers by colonial or foreign sugar. PARIS, SUNDAY EVINING. The Moniteur contains several appointments to the Council of State, which are significant as recording the adhesion of sonic eminent men, who have hitherto stood aloof from the government of Louis Napoleon. Some resignations, not less expressive, are also given. Thus we learn that the resignation of M. Maillard, president of the judicial section of the Cuuncil d'Etat, has been accepted. You may re member that this councillor of state favoured the cause of the house of Orleans in the late trial on the seizure of their domains. M. Cornudet, reporter on the same suit, has also retired from the Council of State for the same reason, and is replaced by M. Persil, the eminent reporter on land-banks. M. de Cormenin, the famous publicist, who, under the nom-deluerrc of " Timon ' " played the part of a French Junius towards Louis Philippe, has in his 70th year recanted his liberal professions by enter ing the service of the spoliator of that king's pos terity, and consented to become councillor of state in the place of M. Oiraud, formerly minister of public instruction, who is now removed from the (Conseil d 'Etat to succeed the late lamented Oriental scholar, Eugene Burnouf, as inspector-general of superior instruction for the order of letters. M. Cochelet, consul-general of France in London, is ap pointed member of the Council of State in place of Oen. Allard, who is named president of the section of war and marine, from which post Admiral Le blanc, retires to re-enter upon active naval service. M. Edmund Maigne, mailre•de-requetes of the first class, is appointed councillor of state in the place of M. Boudet, promoted to be pre sident of the judicial section, vice Maillard. M. Arrighi de Padroua, an old friend of the Elysee, and another mailrc-de-regwtes is promoted to be coon cillr of state in the place of M. Vuillefroy, appointed president of the section of public works, agriculture, and commerce, in place of the present minister of public works, M. Magne. I had almost forgotten to notice, among the important resignations, that of M. Reverchon, mailre-de repartee of thr first class, who was appointed commissioner of the government in the Orleans toyed, and has retired from the same honourable and conscientious motives as MM. Mail lard and Cornudet. MM. Pages, Eugene Dubois, and Lavenay are appointed maitre-de-reputes of the first class; MM. Missiessy, Count Napoleon Camerata, and de Chamblain maitre-de-requeles of the second class. To the latter must be added M. Leopold Le bon, created auditor by M. de Monty. Besides these nominations and some decrees which are mentioned below, the Moniteur contains an im portant note, which seems designed as an answer to the rumours propagated as to the intention of the government to exclude Jews and protestants from the Ecolo Normale. This note states that the exami nations for admission to the Ecole Normale will com mence tomorrow. 163 candidates have . presented themselves to compete for the 23 vacancies which occur this year. Of these candidates 141 have been admitted. Among the 22 rejected there are 18 ca tholic., 3 Israelites, and 1 protestant. Among the candidates admitted there are 153 catholic', 4 protes tant', and 2 Israelites. Hence the reports spread upon this subject are devoid of foundation. It is now known that the destination of the French fleet is Tripoli, where you may remember that a dis pute has occurred : between the French consul, M. Pelissier, and the regency. It is said that the fleet has orders to bombard Tripoli, unless full satisfaction is given to the French government. Two lieutenants in the navy, Allain-Launay and de Lessen, have refused the command of the ships Cliraffe and Ozapock, to which they were appointed, "alleging reasons, which, according to the Minister of Marine, cannot justify their refusal, and which the law of discipline cannot admit." Hence, by a decree of the President, they are placed upon the retired list. Another decree authorises the statutes of the Land-bank of Paris, co-extensive with the jurisdic tion of the Court of Appeal. Another decree authorises the Mulhouse and Thalia Railway Company. Another decree suppresses the naval sub-arron dissement of Bayonne, in consequence of the dwindled importance of that port. On the 14th of August will come on the trial of Pradeaux, the wretch who has assassinated four wives in succession. The last of these murders, which has led to the detection of the rest, was only discovered the other day by a flower girl, whom he wanted to replace his victim. The jewels of Madame de Persigny have been dis covered, quite undamaged, in their caskets, under the heap of ashes to which the furniture of her bed room was reduced. The opening of the exhibiton of the works of French and foreign:artists for next year, is announced by the minister of the interior for Mar ch 15. The government has resolved, reversing a former decision, that the arcades of the Rue Rivoli shall be continued in front of the Tuileries and Louvre, and as far as the Rue de Ponties. This will occasion an additional expenditure of 6,800,000 fr. The municipal council of Paris yesterday voted 90,000 fr. for the ate of Aug. 15. This is in addition to the sum that will be expended by the state. At the same sitting the report of the committee upon the important question of the fusion of the gas companies, and of a new treaty with them, was' presented. The existing companies are 6 in number, namely: 1, Mamb , Marguerite; 2, Laden, Brun ton, Pilte ; 3, La mere and }Jerre ; 4, Dubechet, Pauwels; 5, Payn and Co.; 6, Charles Closeelin.l The treaty entered into with them in December 1846 expires on January 1, 1864. Negotiations, which I have for some time been on foot with the prefect of police, have resulted in the companies consenting to suppress the differential prices of 35c., and of 24c., 40c., and to supply the public at a reduced uniform price of 22c.; to reduce gradually the price to private individuals to 35c. after 1837; to lower the price of the pipes, and to raise the rent of the gas works • to execute a complete system of canalisation, according to plans to be pro treed by engineeers ; and to admit private individuals as well as the city to partici „int. in the advantages arising from new discoveries and the progress of science. Upon these I terms the companies further consented to a fusion, and in oonsideration of the above conditi ons th e pre fect proposed to prolong the treaty till December 31, 1883. The report of the commission recognises the necessity of the fusion. It states that the com panies have consented to a further reduction to 20c. in the supply to the city, which reduction of 2c. re ' presents • sum of 120,000 f. per annum. In eonsi- I deration of this the committee proposes further to prolong the treaty to December 31, 1884. The most ; Important addition to the terms made with the pre ; fect of the polioe is the recommendation that the three gas works now in the interior of Paris shall be removed without the walls. This resolution is founded upon the consideration that these gas works offer an insurmountable barrier to the pro jects of making new rireets in the quarters where they are situated. In other respects the principal terms proposed by the prefect of police are adopted by the committee. The reading of the report was istened to with deep interest, and the decision upon the subject was adjourned to the next sitting. The Journal de la Meurthe has received a warning for an article upon the departmental elections, calcu lated to mislead the good faith of the electors. Ne veral other warnings have been given to provincial journals for articles of no I oilfield importance, upon the ground that they are disrespectful to prefects or sub.prelects. The Prefect of the Rhone has suspended the mayor of Neuville for addressing a letter to a newspaper in favour of a unitlitlate for the council-general nut it:- commended by himself. General Italesme, the commanding officer of the engineers in Africa, has been sent for, and appointed a member of the committee of fortifications in France. BELGIUM. The Praise says it has received the following in formation from Brussels :—" '1 he present ministers will remain in office, including M. Frere-Orban. Only M. Teich, whose health is seriously affected, will retire. He is named Prefect of the Luxem bourg in the place of M. Smits, who will, it is said, be appointed to the vacant governorship of the pro vince of Namur. The successor of M. 'I each in the Ministry of Justice will probably be M. Orts, a mem• ber of the Chamber of Deputies and Prokssor of Political Economy in the University. It was M. Orts who, in the discussion of the bill on succes sions, proposed to introduce into it the proves sire principle. As to the treaty of commerce with France, it is said the negotiations will he resumed, and that the Belgian government will grant protection to literary property. It is un derstood, however, that the present ministers continue in office only provisionally. It is proposed to convoke an extraordinary sessio.i of the Chambers fur the despatch of business, and to avoid in it all cabinet questions. MM. Rustier and Frere will carry on the business of the government until the new session, which is in November, and then the ministerial crisis will be settled, either by a dis solution of the parliament or a change of the ministry." SWITZERLAND. The Suisse, of July 30, says it is evident that the report circulated by several Swiss and foreign jour nals, that General Dufour and Dr. Kern were charged with a political mission to Louis Napoleon at Strasbourg, relative to Neufchatel, is without foundation. It is true, however, that some woida were exchanged between the Swiss envoys, and the French President upon political subjects generally, and upon the Neufchatel question in particular. There was a familiar conversation between per sonages long known to each other, but there was no diplomacy. The Council of the States decided on the 29th, after a long debate, to suspend the guarantee to be given to the constitution of Shaffhausen. ITALY. TUSCANY. The Tuscan Moniteur announces that the Council of State will be the " Council of the Pr'nce," distinct from and independent of the Council of Ministers. The new council will consist of a paid president and eight paid ordinary councillors, with an indetermi nate number of extraordinary councillors without salaries, and a first and second secretary. The council is not to have the power of initiating any measures. It will only meet at the command of the sovereign, to consider, discuss, and prepare questions which may be submitted to it by the Grand Duke, and then only to give their simple advice or consul tative vote on them. Another decree appoints the vice-president, Vincent Gramini, to be the president of the council. A third decree announces the termination of the ministerial crisis. The minister Boccella is relieved from the duties of minister of public instruction, to which office M. Cosmo Buonsrotti is appointed. M. I3occella is much praised in this decree for his past services, and is charged with a mission to the court of Naples. GERMANY. A letter from Vienna, of the 27th, in the Lloyd, tates that preparations have been begun tor the entry of the Emperor on his return from Hungary. Nut less than eight triumphal arches are to fie erected. The Diet of Oldenburg has been dissolved, and elections have been ordered for a new Diet, which is to assemble on the 27th of 6eptember. This mea sure was indispensable, as according to the revised constitution, it must have the assent of a second Diet. The ratified railroad treaty betweenAustWo,lt;;;; Tuscany, Modena, and Parma, has been just pub lished at Vienna. The railro ad is to be called the "Central Italian Railroad." It is to run from Piacensa by way of Parma and Reggio, and from Mantua to Reggio, and thence through Modena and Bologna to Pistoja or Prato. The construction is to be undertaken by a private company, which will have an exclu.ive patent " for 100 years, and the several states will guarantee the minimum of interest which the capital employed is to bear. Financial affairs still hold the first place in the minds of the Austrian ministry. One measure in contemplation is that of placing in the hands of the government the funds belonging to the orphans. This can only be considered as a disguised loan. These funds amount to 250 millions, of which Vienna alone claims 43 millions. This money is at present in the hands of the small landholders, at a low rate of interest, and the withdrawal of it will cause them very great embarrassment, as there are no banks of credit in the country to which they can have re course. The Queen of Prussia was expected at Vienna in a few days, also the King of Saxony. THE UNITED STATES. THE CANADA. At half-past seven last evening the royal mail steamship, Canada, Captain Stone, arrived in the Mersey from Boston and Halifax, with 60 passengers and a small amount of specie. She left Boston at noon on the 21st, and Halifax early on the morning of the 23rd. The United States steamer, Humboldt, with tho mails from Southampton, arrived out at New York on Monday tho 19th ; on the day previous, the Daniel Webster had arrived there with later advices from Jamaica, in which place tho small-pox still continued very virulent. The 20th of July was kept in New York as a solemn commemoration of the death of Henry Clay, and business in the various markets was wholly suspended. Renewed and positive assertions are made as to tho resignation of Mr. Abbott Lawrence, the United States Minister in this country, being in the hands of Mr. Webster. The United States Consul at Matamorsa had re ceived a reply from General Ayala', relative to the attack mad e by the Mexicans on the steamer Can vanche, alleging that the officers of that steamer stole cattle from the Mexicans, and adding that, while the revolutionists receive aid and comfort from the Americans, the frontier need not expect security. The advice, from the isthmus of Panama are very sad. The cholera was raging very violently, and it had been raging incessantly for a fortnight. Most of the labourers on the railroad had left for New York in the Illinois. A. very important document from Mr. Webster, the Secretary of State, is published in the New York papers, relative to the infraction of the treaty with Great Britain by Americas citizens, in reference to the cod fishery off Newfoundland. An attempt had been made, but failed, to allow the importation of railroad iron into the United States free of duty. The majority against the proposal was S 8 to 69. The Indian tribes in the west arc dying by hun dreds of sheer starvation. A proposal was made in the House of Representatives to give 80,000 dole. for their relief, but though the exhaustion of the poor creatures was stated to be such that they were almost unable to exercise the power of locomotion, the sympathies of a majority could not be elicited, and the measure was rejected. The United States Senate had tion, calling upon the President to communicate the correspondence between the United States govern nu nt and that of Mexico relative to the right of way across the isthmus of Tehiantepee. Senator Mason, in introducing the resolution, said lie until-mo o d the grant was now in the hands of the British government, and contended that the AnterEain people would never permit that right to be held exclusively by any foreign power. Very late and interesting ems has been received from Tahiti and Ecuador, the pusent revolutionary points on the Pacific. Flores has mad, no progreee in his steps to revolutionise Ecuador. The account, from Tahiti are more decisive. Queen Pottrare,aftee an attempt to recover her lost position, was corn. pelted to take to flight, and had arrived of the Sand wich Islands. Later accounts from Texas have been received, which state that considerable alarm was neunfi steel on the Guadalupe in consequence of the breaking out of the cholera. Caravajal, it was said, had deter mined to again attack the city of :tlatamoraa; but preparations were in progress in that city to repel him. From Quebec we have the particulars of a land slide near that place, which proved very destructive to human life, and totally demolished a number of habitations. Some ten or twelve unfortunate indi viduals were buried beneath the sliding earth and slate, seven of whom were instantly killed. By later arrivals from California, we learn that murder and Lynch law were still prevalent. The milling intelligence was very favourable, and the number of Chinese immigrants continued to he con siderable. Fur the first time, perhaps, in the history of the celestial empire, an export of Chinese women had been permitted. They were reported to be looked on quite as curiosities at the diggings, even among their countrymen. Trade was active at San Francisco, Sacramento, and Stockton. • COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. NEW YORK, JULY 20. We have no alteration whatever to notice in the rate* of money ; the supply race, di the demand, and goat .ntreasi tile paps r is scarce. Furrign exchange has been inactive fur a few days past, altlooloh nut s are arm. Loudon, 110 to 1101; Paris, 6.14 to :I IN ; Amaterlam. 4 01 to 41 Frankfurt, 401 to 40j ; Bremen, 7$ to 79 ; ibtuotor g , ih to 36. ASIIE.A.—The market in rather firmer fur pearl<, with ules at 5 doll. 371 e. to 5 dais. 41e. l'u:s are iu request at 4 dole. 75c. se 4 dole. 81c. The tales are 75 Ws. ; the Ti cri pla are moderate. (:UTTON.—The demand is very slack. The macs to-day are below 300 1)4. s. Prices are steady because holden are firm, aided by the great ease of the MOW y market. /*Long.—Since the arrival of the Humb lilt the market has been less firm, holders showing more disposition to sell without aay material change in the rates. We quot a common to straight State, 4 &Is. 121 e. to 4 dole. common to good Ohio, 4 dole. 121 c to 4 dole. 25c. ; tailed to fancy Michigan and Indiana, 4 dub. 12le. to 4 dol.. lb.; Canadian is dull at 4 dots. 061 c. to 4 dui.. 121 in bond; Southern kinds continue in fair demand at the former rates of 4 dots. 371 e. to 4 dol.. 621 c. fur Baltimore, Alexandria and Georgetown. live flour, 3 doh. 2.1 e. Corn meal, 3 dal■. to 3 dole 121 c. for Western and Jersey, and 3 dub. 50c. for Brandywine. OUAIN.—Good rumples of wheat have been in demand, but with rather more free arrivals and the Ilutnladdt's news the market is scarcely so firm. Salta of Upper Lake rt 6:5c. to totk. for inferior; red and mined Ohio. ti to 98c.; Canadian in bond, 102 c. to 103 c fur good mind and white; Gcrielice, 108 c. to 112 c. Bye is more plenty and dull at 79c. Oats are lower at 43c. to 44e. Indian earn et shipping quality is scarce, and brings Glc. to 621 e. for good western misted ; unsound, 53e. to fate. NASAL Srottes.-1t ugh turpentine is steady at 3 dole. ; spirits of turpentine, 38c. In rosin, tar, tte., we nate no alteration to notice. PROVISIO24II.—McPs pork is firm, sales of GOO bbls. hem been made at 19 dots. 371 e. ; prime brim... 16 doll s 7 e. • rumps, 16 dole. 75c. bud is firm a t ll e . M eg , b eet, 1 4 dots. 25c. to 14 doh. 75c ; Chieagu ditto, 18 dots. , prime is scarce. Cut meats mmida without alteration. FREIGHTS. -To London-760 barreis V of flour were shipped at Is. 94. To Liverpool—Cotton, groin, 4d.; Sour, Is. To Havre there was no alteration. TIIE WEST INDIA, PACIFIC, AND MEXICAN MAILS. The Royal West India mail-packet Orinoco. Capt. Hast, from the West Indies, &c., arrived at South ampton this morning, and landed her mail, under the charge of Li. ut. Whipple, 11. N., Admiralty agent. Iler dates are: Vera Cruz, July 12; Tam pico, June 30; Ilavannah, July 10; (Nigel, 9; Carthagena, 11 • Jamaica, 12; St. Jago de Cuba,lo; Trinidad, 10; Barbadoes, 12; Antigua, 13; Marti. them, 13 ; Grenada, 11 ; and St. Thom" 18. The Orinoco brings 109 passeni;ers, among whom is Mr. Bayern., late president of Montserrat. The specie on board the Orinooo amounts to about three million three hundred thousand dollars, amongst that is two million five hnndred thousand consigned to Messrs. Baring from the Mexican government. and about forty thousand dollars from Vera Cruz on account of Mexican dividends. There is also gold to the value of 451,454 deb., and bar silver, 137,6419 dole. , The yellow fever prevails at Martinique, at Demerara it is abating. The Chief Justice of Demerara is dead. Flores has been joined by the (Iniek.tep. and Peru is furnishing him with money and men. Guayaquil is in an alarming state. Regarding the progress of the htlimus It the Panama Star of July 6 has the following: From Mr. Merman C. Melville we learn, that the rail way ears made their first trip to the crowing of the ricer opposite San Pablo, on Sunday, the 4th filo., where the emp'oyees of the company did due honour both to the day and the occasion. Every week brings the railway nearer to us, aad we may confidently expect to find the road, judging from present appearances, carnph te.: to this city before the expiration of the contract, August, 1843. JAMAICA.' From this island tliedate;;; to the 12th ult. On the 7th the inhabitants of the whole island were alarmed by the occurrence of one of the most severe earthquakes ever experienced in formica. It took place at half-past 7 o'clock in the morning, and was preceded by a loud rumbling noise, similar to the distant rolling of carriages. Every house shook to its foundations, and m Spanish Town several old buildings were thrown down. All the clocks stopped immediately, and the shock of the convulsion was felt very sensibly by the crews of the ships in the harbour. The weather since the earthquake had been excessively hot. Smallpox was very prevalent in the island. Ths legislature was not in session, but it was thought that the governor would call a special meeting, with the object of providing for the return passage to India of some of the coolies, whose contracts had expired, and who demanded to be sent back. A correspondent says: These people were brought here under contract, which pledged the island to send them back at the expiration Of fire years, if they should express the wish to go. Maay of them have been here more than five years, and they now call upon the island to fulfil their part of the contract. The members admit the necessity, in , eed, acknowledge that they are bound to provide fur the passage of Owe* people but they are at a loss to conceive how they are to find 20,0001., which will be necessary fur the purpose of defraying the expense. In their capacity of comnii,si..ners of park accounts the members have not the power to raise the means; and they have replied to the despatch of Sir John rakington. the Colonial Socretary, through the governor, stating that the question shall receive the early attention of the legisl dime when they assemble. There is no doubt that the arrangement originally made with these people was a foolish one; but as the terms of that arrange meat were made by the island legislature they are impera tively bound to adhere to them. It has been 'unsuited by the Daily Advertiser newspaper, instead of pros Wilde for the return of these people, that the amount should be appro . pristed to compromise matters, and to try end induce the people to remain here, since we are so much in winter population. I fear, however, the majority of the people will prefer to return, much to the annoyance and won , venienee of our legislature, who (or rather the poor tar payers) will have to pay the penalty of their fully. The Jamaica Standard says : Wesson, upon undoubted authority, state that Sir Charles Grey will shortly be superseded in his government, sod by the next mail his successor will be named. The island of Jamaica, by the last census, taken in 11141, contained a population a little short of 400,000 souls, distributed over an area of 4.000, 000 of square acres. Of this population 411,0th1, or one tenth of the whole, have within the last two yam been taken off by the cholera ; and small pox, wheat' has succeeded that disease, is at this moment sweep ing away thousands whom cholera has spared. The public debt of the island, which is about 700,0001., involves an annual charge for interest of about 36,000/. The annual expenditure of the colony, of which 42,0001. is the cost of its church, 17,0001. of its judicial, and 23,0001. at its wile! esta blishment, amounts to about 373,000/. of this sutra about 170,0001. is raised by indirect ',motion (custom and excise), and 200,0001. by direct taxation, public and parochial. Yet further reports of gold-finding in Jamaica ALES at tnArt than Is Herr all cb been m occur A Beet per hal BRA! to 6•. p Bur) 17s. for ♦ery du Colo have be Coat rather a HAIII W : ed M AL' holy Some porter— Co.'s at Pine not be c Ems rateCin nand c visions, .--..-, RUM, sales be are now SOAP at 140., of all di for this quote d difficult TONG half be' Eic 60 days, 60 days, to 1 per THE which 1 clime p Highne the imi in Win re ach . man II Tub we igh is also in abc The its !el Corp Tons,