The Express. — London, England, 1853-10-20 00:00:00

Zfte erVreOg. TO CORRESPONDENTS. a ' ar m ::em of 4 eustaTriToitie we evening . * .. COtte." u imblebed every Tuesday sad frriday matt; la ume tee poet Adtettkettuase.a.eak.l'4v "The Uprose," Ledlon Eeem eg paper. coot be at tee °ice, 111, Broorwitreet, by Twu o.kock as the day el p•bliaglos. MGR WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tom pAs— Veining, lib. Om Afternionr, SP. SOT. if...rusutow—Sihrosag. ISak Altersows, 4k..%a. LO.VDOS. TRCRSDAY, OCTOBER 20. I r can hardly be necessary to say again that no body in England wishes for war. The absurdity of wishing for disturbance, expense, wounds, death, and many other evils, in the abscucc of all the an cient inducements to war, is too great to be imputed to the English people, or any number of them. The' difference between the I Conference and other people is simply as to whether war, under the existing circumstances, is or is not the lesser of two evils. Wer may be thought a less evil than the compromise of the political liberties of Europe, and the sanction of those crimes which the law of nations is framed to restraiu. Some of the speakers at Edinburgh thought otherwise, so far as to desire that these last conside ntions should be left to the chapter of mei dews, rather than guarded spinet at any risk of war. In their deprecation of war, they go into exaggerated statements and ill-grounded supposi tions which hale scarcely been duly checked. Any attempt to check them will, of course, be set down by them to a fondness for war, or some other non existing motive ; but not the less should the attempt be made, to ascertain what is and what is not the extent of evil to be apprehended, if we find ourselves morally driven to take a part in the threatening out break of hostilities among the l'owers of Europe. The likelihood of such involvement lessens rather than increases, but we ought to look the whole question full in the face, and by doing so shell be best able to meet all that may arise. It is the custom to go back sixty years for illustra tions of the mischiefs and miseries of a state of war fare: but we do not perceive that it is the custom to consider the differences in our national condition now, and when we went to war with France the last time but one. We are told that our manufactures will flag, our commerce be destroyed, our population drained away, oar wealth exhausted, and debts increased; and that a complete stop will be put to political reforms, and to progress in science, art, education, and all other good things. We do not believe this; and, if it is not true, it is mischievous to say it. Amidst the terribly unfavourable influences of the time, national progress was not stopped be tween 1793 and 1813. In 1790 Atexivamirr's patents were thrown open, and his inventions made public property ; and between that year and 1800 our exports of manufactured cotton increased from a million and a half to nearly five millions and a half. During these years attempts were made to bring Dr. (71ETWRIGIIT'S power-loom into effectual use, and this was accomplished at the opening of the century—putting into our hands the power of pro ducing the same quantity of cotton manufactures with less than half the number of hands. It was at the same time that agricultural improvement took its rise with the first regular application of ma. mare to land. The linen manufacture was then steadily increasing. Between that time and the close of the war, BENTIIAII was working out his projects of law reform, and ROMILLT gathering the first traits of justice and mercy in that field. CLARKSON and WILBERFORCE were preparing for the abolition of the slave trade; and WHITBREAD, lioitsit:a, MALTHUS, WILBERFORCE, and other good men, were pleading the cause of popular education. BENTHAM drew attention to the claims of the guilty; and a large group of benefactors to those of all other sufferers ; so that charitable institutions abounded during the period. Heascifzu. meantime was ex ploring the heavens; MASKELYNE was weighing the earth; and CAVENDISH analysing water; and DAIT and WOLLASTON enlarging the bounds of science in every direction; and DALTON introducing mathe matical precision into it by his atomic theory. Dur ing that war was made the first catalogue of stars, the first Nautical Almanack, and the first na floral census. At the beginning of the century llot:LroN and WATT'S steam-engine was at work at the Mint ; and before the peace of 1815, flee steam boats were plying on the lhanses, and there were persons who could boast of having been to Margate in one. Steam-carriages had been tried, and the railroad principle fairly introduced before the peace. The Plymouth breakwater was begun ; and engineer ing, well started by the Duke of BRIDGEWATER and BRINDLET, was making vast progress,—canals, roads, bridges, lighthouses, and so forth, were spreading eel rising in all directions ; while the arts of household life were daily improving under the benevolent insti gation of Count Itusttoan, and the rapid adoption of tea in the place of strong drinks. As for litera ture,—it is enough to point to the establishment of the Edinburgh and Quarterly Reriews, and to the long list of the authors of the time. It was before the clove of the war that " Waverley" was published, and that German literature began to find accept ance in England. As for the arts,—there was the Royal Academy in great activity ; the KING delighted to honour the Cofleerts of Ancient Music, which were followed by the Philharmonic Society; and it was during this period that the Katestes were in their glory—Mrs. StroDuNi taking her first farewell of the asp in 1812. Now, no one will undertake to say how much more progress of every sort world have been =doff we had been at peace during those years; but neither has any one a right to say that progress is stopped by war, in the face of a ease so unfavourable in its circumstances, hat so remarkable in its achievements, as our own, during the last two wars. And under what unparalleled disadvantage' were those achievements made! What a Government we had in theme days : stirring up sedition, poisoning the loyalty of the most loyal, and breaking the hearts of true patriots ! What a Sovereign and Royal Family we had : a half or wholly insane gist, and his profligate heirs! What treat ment of the Catholics there was, bringing on rebellion in Ireland! What financiers we had, bringing on a suspension of cash payments! What naval management we had, bringing on the MEL. cute impeachment and the mutiny at the Non !' And how small a population and what meagre re sources, compared with the present! As far as can be made out from the first ill-managed cessus, the population of Great Britain, including the soldiers and :milers serving abroad, was about 11,000,000. Without Scotland, where there was no poor rate, the population could not have exceeded 9,000,0110; and the poor rate, before the burdens of the war were fully felt, amounted to nearly 4,000,0001.—an enor mous amount for such a population. The introduc tion of machinery was more immediately distressing, because less anticipated and prepared for, than it can ever be again. Whatever may happen, the phase of Luddism can never recur. Monopoly reigned trio:110:8w, Whin% the people's bread, and drink, and ciottes, and tilling our creeks and coves with smugglitg craft. 'lnc war was so near at hand, that Hanover was lost, and BONAPARTE re viewed his invading army within sight of our cliffs ; and then followed the Berlin decree, which closed the world against our transactions. If, in the midst of all these misfortunes, our population, oom merce, science, arts, and even, on the whole, our i wealth, increased, what can be our danger of retro gression now, if unhappily we should be invented in war ? The seat of conflict will now be distant, ex cept some of the naval part of it ; and we hare nothing to fear at sea. We have Free Trade by our own laws; and there is no power on earth that can excommunicate us now. The coasts of nearly the whole world will be in friendly hauls, and our buy ing and selling can hardly be checked by anything that Russia can say or do—nor Austria to boot. Our colonies are vastly extended and improced, and they have no slaves in them, but plenty of means of cash payment. Our population is more than doubled, and our Poor Law administration rectified ; that " political gangrene," as the French commissioners called it, stopped in its ravages and even retrieved. We have a SOVEREIGN confided in and beloved, and surrounded by an inno cent and educated family. Our soldiers and sailors are treated more like men, and less like machines or brutes. We have something more like popular re presentation, and official acixountabillity. Oar fathers had the name of NELSON for a shield and a crown of the national fame--we have that too; and with it the inheritance of WELLINGTON'S glory. We are too apt to forget how very low was our military reputa tion before the Peninsular war; if we have to go to war now, it will be with a noble pride and confidence which our seamen alone had then a right to entertain. We have, moreover, fifty years of added knowledge, expanded sympa thies, purified politics and morals, and confirmed industrial habits. When we add to all this that Ireland is now truly incorporated with us—that America is in something more than mere alliance with us—and that the cause is one which admits of no alloy of cupidity, national ambition, or ignorant levity, we feel that we are justified in anticipating continued progression for our country and people, even if we should be driven to pour out some life blood and treasure in securing the principles and laws that have made and maintained us the favoured people that we are. A cutiots attempt was made at Morpeth on Monday last to obtain the franchise for seventeen Benedictine Monks, in virtue of their interest is • freehold estate, situate in Oldgate, Morpeth. It would startle "the Monks of old" could they rise out of their graves to find their descendants leaving their cloisters to mingle in matters so purely =calm as elections, and claiming rights on the plea of the possession of that which they had religiously vowed to repudiate—property. The modern monks are willing, it seems, to take the world as they find it, and to enjoy all the privileges which arise from the possession of the " mammon of =righteousness," against which they were intended to be a perpetual protest. The Rev. TUOMAS ALMOND and his sixteen brethren in the spirit have no objec tion to receive any benefit which property generally bestows upon the rest of her 3,l•JEsrx's subjects. Far from seeing much danger in this movement, we are inclined to believe that it is a symptom that light is breaking through the thick walls, both material and moral, of monasteries. The cowled inmates of these establishments begin to think that, after all, to do anything in the world, the best plan is to be of the world, and not outside of it, or her metically walled up front all contact with it. Mr. ALMOND, who wishes to bring his sixteen recruits up to the poll, is really showing that he is some. thing of the man as well as the monk, and that the waves of the world have tossed him about until he begins to find that it may be profitable to learn to swim. Perhaps nothing can be better for monkery than to be flung into the rude activity of contested elections. It may have its toes trodden upon, and its cowl pulled off, and its robes torn, and its spirit chafed, and its arm of the flesh brought out into actual use, until it is forced to exercise the human powers which it had relinquished in obedience to the dictates of the order. if the possession of a vote will make an Eng lishman of a Benedictine, pray let him have it. The more voters the better. Nevertheless, the application induces, to say the least of it, some curious cogitations. It is quite clear that St. BENEDICT never dreamed that his votaries would ever appear as voters. Before the Reformation a monk in England was considered to have no existence is the eyes of the law. LiTrtzropi tells us, " When a man entereth unto religion, and is professed, he is dead in the law, and his son or next cousin incontinent shall inherit him as well 1 u though he were dead indeed. And when he entereth into religion, he may make his testament and his executors; and they may have an action of debt due to him before his entry into religion, or any other action that executors may have, as if he were dead indeed. And if that he make no execu tors when he entereth into religion, then the ordi nary may commit the administration of his goods to others, sa if he were dead indeed." Surely the essence of monkery must have vanished when these religionists, considered by oar ancestors in the eyes of the law as "down among the dead men," come forward to claim, indirectly, a share in legislating for the living. As the Roman Catholic religion is no longer the religion of the State, the monks may not feel themselves bound by any rela tion'', legal or moral, to consider themselves in pos session of no more of the functions of life than were possessed by their ancestors before the Reformation, --and if the question ended here there would be little more to be said than that even monks were in fluenced by the spirit of the age. But the question does not end here. Monks in variably make solemn profession of chastity, of poverty, and of obedience. The first of these can never, of course, be taken into consideration u affecting the propriety of a monk's exercising the franchise. 9 he second concerns the very title on which a claim to vote is founded. As this, however, was made the foundation of the objection made to the claim, and which, in one senile, determined the decision against the claimant., it may be passed over. With respect to the third, however, it may be subject to doubt if it is really a matter of small importance whether or not men bound under a solemn vow of implicit obeli erne to one superior should be entrusted with a vote. The late Duke of NEWCASTLE was universally con demned by public opinion for his insolent question, " may I not do what I like with my own ?" when he made use of his property to coerce the possessors of the suffrage. But who can make it a reproach to the Abbot of a convent that he employs, with respect to his monks, privileges which they themselves have unanimously, without reservation, granted to him ? It was a very grave and very proper objection to Mr. WatroLs's proposal of , granting the suffrage to the members of the militia, as such, that officers would bare great opportunities afforded to them of marching their men in battalion, to vote for a favoured candidate. But what is the power of an officer in the militiacompared with that of a superior of a monastery ? Obedi, nee in these insti tutions must be implicit, unquestioned, unhesitating. Miss SELLON, who carries nut the conventual system thoroughly, according to the spirit and the letter of I the Roman Catholic rules, always holds up obedience as the very keystone of the convent life. The punish ments for breaches of obedience in her institution are beyond mummy severe. How completely the idea of obedience must .have mastered the minds of those who have submitted themselves to the rule of lay order of 1 tegular,esoaks may be seen by the ready submission to punishments to which no amount of penal dis- Cipline enuirever induce a layman to submit. The licking the sign of the cross on the fioor, practised as we are told in Miss SELLON'S establishment, and described with sickening minuteness in the " Me moirs of an Ex-Capucin," just published, may be taken as en example of the rigid discipline to which the inmates of monastic establish ments are subject. Now it cannot be said that fair play is given to any electoral system if a large number of voters can be proved to be under a vow of obedience of the nature above described. It may be quite true, that there is little danger at pre sent that political abbots will have much influence on elections. The question is to be argued not on the actual danger, but on the violation of a principle. This principle is that no English man shall be coerced in hid' vote. A monk's vote, however, comes under the control of his superior just as much as any other of his actions. If therefore the members of monasteries desire to enjoy the usual privilege of citizens—a desire in which we very heartily sympathise with them—they had bet ter see what modifications they can make in their vow of obedience. In other words, should they not Iseriously set to work to consider wheth er th e y were right to become monks at all if they wish to be citizens. LATEST FROM THE CONTINENT. AND 11:10PEAN TURKEY. BRUSSELS, WU/MD.4T. It is announced by telegraph from Vienna, that on the 10th inst. the Sultan requested the presence of the British and French fleets before Coastantinople. The English ambassador consented. BUCHAREST, Ocr. 5. Prince Gortschakors inspection being terminated, the camps have been broken up, and Russian troops are moving in masses on the Danube to the number of 35,000 men, with 251 guns. A rumour is prevalent that the Danube will be crowd on the 9th or 10th. The combat will be fierce, judging from the animus on both sides. The dispo- sition of the Turkish troops on the rigat bank is declared by tacticians to be most masterly, and the fortresses which support their position are is • formidable state of defence. We are again assured that Prince Menchikoff is about to assume the government of the Princi palities. VIENNA, 0cr.17. It is announced from Trieste that the Sultan has granted a Srman for the construction of a canal from Rassova, on the Danube, where the river bends to the north, to Kustendje on the Black Sea. By this canal, the difficult navigation of the mouths of the Danube will be spared to vessels descending the river to gain the Black Sea. The concession is to an English company. FRANCE. PARIS, WEDNESDAY EVENING. The tendency of the market is still downward. Closing prices of this day :—Three per Cent. Rentes, 72.33; Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 99.45; Bank Shares, 2,800. FRANCE. —.S..— PARIS, TUESDAY EYZNINO. • The Pays has the following on the contradiction given by the Moniteur to the announcement that orders had been given to fit out ships for the convey ance of troops to Turkey : We did not copy the paragraph at present contradicted by the Monitencr, and our reserve is justified by the official rectification. This rectification besides is exceedingly im portant in this point of view, that it replies to certain errors which disquietude easily circulates in present circumstances. Up to the resent time Frame has prepared no army to send to the East. The reseal, of her Beet, joined to that ,of England is sufficient for ail eventualities. France and England do not declare war ea Russia. They give their effectual support to Turkey to pretoot her morally and einecomate rially, and to preserve her i and Europeanfright, in ease they should be in during the struggle which la as the rinks( _ . Two great nailing like Frame led so d orsimody for all the eventualities which might arise eat of emote La which their interest and their boom are engaged. Hut for the very reason that they repessent the force of right sail the authority of treaties, they ought also to practise moderation and straight forward conduct. Let no one expect from their govern- i manta acts of rashness or of precipitalon which would without motive tompromi,e the peace of the world. All that they have hitherto done, and all that they will do hereafter, will only tend to preserve peace, by opposing resolutely all that is unjust, and in facilitating all that is possible and honourable. The Minister at War has just promulgated some new regulations touching the admission of foreigners as colonists in Alger?. It has been usual to require every emigrant desiring a grant of land in the colony to prove that he actually possessed 2,0001. at least, and labourers, unless in the case of their being sent flr by established proprietors or manufacturers, are generally required to show that they have the means of subsistence for a reasonable time, until they may fairly be expected to find work. A decree of April 23, 1862, regulates the nature of the evidence re quired to satisfrthe authorities of the eligibility of emigrants, but iSis decree has been found practically inoperative with respect to foreigners. Complaints ore made that a number of German families have re cently gone to Algeria by the aid of untrue certifi cates, purporting to be issued by magistrates of their own country, and have been found on their arrival wholly destitute of resources. The minister has therefore ordered that foreigners applying for a gra tuitous passage to Algeria shall, in addition to cer tificates from the authorities of the country of their domicile, be required to exhibit to the military super intendents of Marseilles or Cette a sum of money amounting at least to 2,000 f. if they desire a conces sion of land • 400 f. if they be workmen with fami lies ; and 30 01. if unmarried workmen. The minister observes that France invites not her own country men only, but all Europe to take part in the coloni sation of Africa, and offers equal rights and advan tages to both, but it cannot be permitted that mere paupers should flock there to bring discredit upon the colony. Despatches from the governor of Senegal announce that after long conferences with several chiefs of the districts of Font., he had succeeded in removing the difficulties which had arisen with respect to com merce and navigation. THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 20, 1853. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. CONSTANTINOPLE, Oc-r. 6. Yesterday morning the steam frigates which the government had sent a few days before to Boyrout for troops arrived with nearly 10,000 men on board. A like number is expected from Syria. The govern ment have received information diet a corps of 30,000 irregular troops are on their way from Syria and Arabia, to join the army of Asia. The Russian employels remaining in Constantinople have been these last two days making preparations to embark OD the first signal. An English courier from St. Petersburg arrived yesterday, by way of Odom, with despatches for Lord Radcliffe. Other (letters of the same date state that during the month of September the Turks had cast 100 cannon of various calibre, and these, with all their accoutrements complete, and the horses to drag them, were sent to Adrianople, where an army of reserve is being lot rued of 50,000 tarn. All the horses were furnished by the Paellas of Constanti nnecperrchis army of reserve will be composed of 25,000 Redifs, who are now in Constantinople; of 6,000 volunteers ; and of 23,000 Kurdish horsemen, all mounted and equipped at the expense of the Boys ' of Kurdistan. These latter, of course, are irregular troops. There are now under arms about 300,000 Mussul mans, viz., 120,000 between the Danube and the Balkan, 13,000 in Bosnia, 6,000 men near Pristine, on the Servian frontier; 50,000 men, who will be mustered within twenty days at Adrianople; and from 8000 to 100,000 men on the frontier of Asia. Letters from Rustschuk state that all the trenches lhaving been completed, the whole population bad been bard at work in surrounding the town with palisades. At all the other Turkish-Danubian ports, armaments are being restlessly continued, and the garrisons eve where reinforced with newly levied recruits. All the places along the Danube, occupied by troops, have been amply provided with ammuni tion and other necessaries of war, from Widdin sad Sebumla. All the Turks capable of bearing arms have been called out. The Press of Vienna has the following from Con stantinople, 3rd : Since the Sultan has sanctioned the late resolutions of the Divan, he passes the day in re ligious duties. The Sheik-ul-Islam visits his Majesty every day, and gives him interpretations of verses of the Koran relative to war. It M positively . stated that Abd-el-Kader hasbeen asked whether, in case of war, he would accept a command. Negotiations have taken place through the mediation of the Sheik ul-Islam, and the Lurks positively say that the Emir is disposed to accede to the de sire of the Ottoman Porte, but he wishes in the first place to apply for the consent of the French government. He will have a command in Asia should matters be brought to an understanding. The Llodys of Vienna of the 15th says there is in the army of Omer Pacha such a number of refugees, the majority of whom are invested with command, that the Austrian internuncio has, it is said, thought proper to remind the Ottoman Porte of its engage ments on that subject. Reschid Pacha has promised that orders should be immediately sent to the camp at Schnmla relative to such refugees as might be Austrian subjects. The Journal de Constantinople says : War having been only declared against Russia, the general coun cil has decided that there shall be no change in the system either in the interior or abroml, and, conse quently, the last ordinance recommending all classes of subjects to act well towards one another will con tinue to have the same force, and whoever may vio- late it will be rigorously punished. Pitmans con taining this declaration, as well as the necessary instructions, have been addressed to all the governors of provinces and the landjaks. The correspondent of the Decbats writes from Con stantinople on the sth inst.:—" An English general officer, whom I had the pleasure of meeting here a few days since, and who came to visit the works, found them well arranged, and very far advanced; he also have a very favourable report of the state of the Turkish army, its instruction, and its discipline. If we except the Egyptian contingent, which is accused of having committed some outrages at Varna, every one who returns here from the army of the Danube, states that it is on the best terms with the people, that it is well supplied with provisions, and has hitherto paid regularly for all it has consumed. This latter . point, on which every one appears to be agreed, is, perhaps, also that which excites the most astonishment. It must necessarily follow that the Turks must have resources with which no one is acquainted. There is reason for believing that the Turks have more than 200,000 men under arms, of whom 130,000 are in Europe, and the rest on the Asiatic frontier. As to the Russian force, it is almost impossible to ascertain the fact amidst so many contradictory reports. As estimate, drawn up at the head -quarters of Omer Pacha, who uis good sources of intelligence in the principalities, gives the Russian army of Moldo-Wallachia and Be ssarabia a nominal strength of 124,000 men ; but it must not be forgotten that of all European armies, that of Russia constantly presents the greatest difference between the nominal and the effective strength. According to the estimate just mentioned, the Russian corps d'arnife would have 95,000 infantry, 17,000 cavalry, and 12,000 artillery; but looking at the administrative habits of the Russians, and according to the experience of the campaigns of 1828-9, it is difficult to believe that from these 124,000 men on paper could be produced more than 80,000 effective soldiers, and perhaps even this figure is too high. lam told by persons worthy of credit, that at this moment the Russian army has more than 15,000 sick. Of course, it is impossible for me per- , sonally to authenticate this statement." The same writer says :—" Before the entry of the Dardanelles I had occasion to make a brief visit to the fleets stationed at Besika Bay. It is a very wearisome place for our sailors, and is far from being so unhealthy as has been stated. The English, anchored nearer inland than our vessels, have had considerably more sick; but the disorder was only mild fever, and only two deaths have as yet taken place." A letter from St. Petersburg of the 10th announces that the Emperor Nicholas had called the " army of lEurope," which is at present stationed in the west of Europe—of which the principal corps occupy . Rus sian Poland, and the other corps, stationed in the rear, form the reserve—to active service. Advices from Odessa of the 6th inst. state that the Turkish declaration of war was known there on the sth. The army corps under General Luders was in the neighbourhood of Odessa; but it was believed that on the following day (the 7th) the order for a march towards the Pruth would be received and forthwith put into execution. Immense barracks are being constructed on the banks of the Danube, where the Russians intend to pass the winter. General Gortschakoff has de manded of the prince a heavy sum of money for the construction of theme barracks, which has been paid. This expense will be included in the debt imposed on the country for the occupation of 1848 to 1851. The Wallachian government is obliged to contract a debt of six millions of piastres (about 60,0001) to meet the demands of General Gortschakoff. Letters from Odessa of the Ist of this month state that troops have been sent to oppose the Turkish forces commanded by Selim Puha, which were sent to Batum some time since. Selim Pacha has re ceived considerable reinforcements of artillery, as well as good supplies of arms and ammunition for ' the irregular troops that have been levied in Lexie tan, is the country stretching from Trebizond to the Circassian coast. The Kurds, under the command of the celebrated Bederkhan Bey, have showed themselves in force, and menace an irruption into Russian Armenia and Georgia. The Russian troops, whose arrival is announced at Akiska and Oumri, and at Bayazid, have no doubt been brought there to stop the progress of the Kurds. Bederk han Bey commands two detached corps of Laz and of Kurds; they are supported by the prin cipal army of Anatolia, under the orders of the &ris kier Abdi Parka, whose head-quarters are at Erse roum, the capital of Turkish Armenia. This army is estimated at 60,000 men. The Kurds, commanded by Bederkham Bey, would serve as its advanced guard on the right wing; and the Laz would act in the same capacity on the left. The Malta Times of the 11th says: "By the ar ' rival of the Ardent from the fleet, we understand that Admiral Dundas has received orders from home to hold himself entirely neutral in the event of war, without Constantinople itself is menaced, or the safety of English subjects endangered." HOLLAND. ROTTERDAM, feasriAy. Yesterday the Dutch government laid before the Second Chamber of the States General a bill having in view the encouraging of the importation of grain into Holland. It may be stated that even an average good harvest does not produce sufficient corn for home consumption, and that of late years large quantities have been imported into this country, not only for the purpose of supplying the deficit but also of being re-exported to other markets, particularly to Eng land. The object of the government is no doubt to make Holland still more noted as a great corn depot. The sections or committees of the above chamber, entrusted with the task of drawing up a report ou the budget of foreign affairs, have, by a majority of the members, expressed the opinion that a s Holland is now represented in Homo and in Turin by one and the same person, the Roman and Sardinian missions having been made a united one, he should reside principaliy in the Piedmontese capital, as the relations of Holland with the Sardinian States, on account of the increasing commerce of the latter, arc far more important than with the States of the church. Several members expressed the opinion that as the question of the Roman catholic hierarchy in Holland is settled, there is no further necessity for the Dutch court to be represented at the papal one. The committees have also complained of the pro tracted absence from his post of the Dureb charyt d'afiraires in the United States of America, partici'• Ty u that republic is entering into new relations with Japan. GERMANY. The Trieete Gazette states that the recent decree of the Emperor of Austria depriving the Jews of the right to purchase landed property does not apply to Trieste and its territory, or to Istria, and the greater part of the circle of Gorz, as the privileges by the Jews, as regards those districts, possessedet pre viously to 1848. The Vienna Gazette of the 16th publishes returns of the amount of the state paper in circulation at the end of the month of September. The ordinance of Sept. 14th fixes the maximum amount of state paper in circulation at 150,000,000 florins. It appears from the returns that there was in circulation, on the 30th of September, 144,839,767 florins; being an increase upon the circulation of the former month of 5,000,000 dories. THE RELEASE OF MISS CUNINGHANIE. --•-- FLORENCE, Ccr. 13. On the 10th instant, I announced to you the re lease of Miss Cuninghame. Time was then wanting to enter into any details. I am now, however, ena bled to give you some idea of the conduct of the Grand Duke, on the occasion of granting Miss Cun infhame her liberty. the President of the Tuscan Council, M. Baldas seroni, informed Mr. Scarlett, her Britannic Majesty's charge, on Sunday last, the 10th instant, that the Grand Duke had been pleased to pardon Miss Cuninghame —that he was willing to regard the past as cancelled ; and in consideration of the sex of Miss Cuninghame, and the imprison mint she had already undergone, to accord to her her liberty; he, however, took that opportunity of ex pressing his extreme disapprobation of the conduct of the English in Tuscany ; that he hoped that what had lately occurred would be taken as a lesson ; and that he was determined to exercise the utmost rigour of the law against all English offenders for the future, especially against those offending against or infringing in the slightest degree the laws respecting religion; that he was chiefly led into his merciful treatment of Miss Cuninghame through his esteem for her Britannic Majesty's charyr' (rafi air( s, and his appreciation of his treatment of the case; but that he warned him not again to reckon on such extra neous aid, as he was determined to show no mercy for the future. Such was the character of the letter written by M. Baldasseroni to Mr. Scarlett, which announced to her Britannic Majesty's charge trafaires the release of Miss Cuninghame. I believe my information to be correct, and perfectly reliable, and I leave your readers to form their own opinion of the proceeding. M. KOSSUTH'S CRITIQUE ON THE EASTERN QUESTION. Yesterday, the Times reprinted the letter of M. Kossuth to Mr. W. Peplow, in which the ex-Gover nor of Hungary enters upon the reasons why he declined to attend the meeting held at Stafford, to discuss the Eastern question. The letter which our contemporary published yes terday, and put such str es s upon, appeared in the Express on Wednesday, the 28th of September last. COMMERCE OF THE LOWER DANUBE. Letters from Galatz of the 7th inst. report that, althcugh the commerce on both banks of the Danube had come to a complete standstill, to which the quarantine coy_ don established by the Ottoman government, as also the prohibition of the export of grain and chandlers' ware had contributed, yet the traffic of the steamers on the Lower Danube had boat nothing of its activity, and the boats to and from Galata continued to ply with regularity. In the Sulina Channel there were only seven feet of water. The steamer Danubio, belonging to the Trieste Lloyd's Company, is now stationed in the Sulina channel, in order to transfer passengers from one Lloyd boat to another. The transfer of goods is effected with the aid of another craft, termed a towing-lighter. The Russian steam-boat from Odessa comes now each time through the Kilia or northern channel, which is on Russian territory. The agent for the Trieste Lloyd applied to the Russian government to permit the Lloyd boats also to pass through the Kilia arm of the river with mixed cargoes. It results from this statement that while the Sulina channel, of which Russia is the trustee is not navigable, although formerly the deepest of the three, the Kilia channel, of which Russia is absolute owner, and which need to be too shallow for use, has an abundance of water. It was said that the Danubio had received orders to explore the fit. George's Channel, where there is sup posed to be a greater depth of water than in the Sulina; and if the result prove favourable the passage of the St. George's arm of the river will be henceforth taken. The water has now become very shallow in the Lower Danube, from the Iron Gate downwards. 11iE NATIONAL GALLERY.—Yesterday the autho rities of the National Gallery, Trafalgar-square, issued a Dotia to the public, stating that, in consequence of the ex tensive alterations and repairs which are now proceeding, the gallery would not be opened to the public on Monday next, the 24th inst., as heretofore ; but that the exhibition would positively be re-opened on Monday, the 7th of November next. It is expected that there will be several valuable additions made to the gallery before its re openin VERNON GALLERY, MARLBOROUGH HotrflE.— This exhibition is to be re-opened to the public on Monday next, the 24th inst. ENCOURAGEMENT OP TILE DRAMA.—A M. Appffel, of Wiseenberg, who died in 1847, left by his will property producing more than 70,000 fr. a year to the city of Stras burg, for the encouragement and improvement of dramatic and musical art. The government, however, have ordered that one-fourth of the testator's property should go to his family, whom he had entirely neglected, and this, with other reductions, left about 53,000 fr. a year for the object in question. It Is in 18.55 that the municipality of Stras burg will have definitively to decide in what precise man ner the revenue is to be employed. The testator directed minute precautions to be taken to prevent his donation ever falling below 60,0001 r. a year. He requested, that in order that it should not be f rgotten, his portrait, and those of his father and mother, should be placed, with a suitable ineeriptioe, in the saloon of the theatre, and that nine years after his death, and subsequently every fifty years, a printed ' account of the donation, and of the conditions on which he made it, should be distributed amongst the principal inha bitants of Strasburg. CORK AND YOIGHAL RAILWAY.—A meeting of the landed proprietors and rate-payers of the baronies of Kinnattalloon, Inokilly, Fermin, Condone, and Clongib bons, and Barrymore, was held at the Court-house of Midleton ost Saturday. The object of the meeting, as stated in the requiatioa by which it wu convened, was to consider the propriety of granting a baronial guarantee in aid of the construction of a railway from the city of Cork to the towns of Midlatoa and Yongbal, with branches of such railway to Queenstown and Fermoy. The meeting, after a prolonged discussion, decided against the juarantee. FALL OP A HOUSE IN LAMBElll.—Yesterday all some workmen were engaged in repairing an insecure and unoec..pied house in Tower-street, Lambeth, they were alarmed by unmistakeable symptoms of a sp• edy downfall, and bad hardly time to make their retreat when the build ing came to the ground with a loud crash. In its fall it dragged down a considerable portion of an adjoining dwel ling, but the occupants of this latter having taken timely warning, had quitted it some days before. TILE MAINE LIQUOR LAW IN ENGLAND.—The inauguration of a movement to procure the suppression of the liquor traffic in this country, is to take place next week in Manchester. The success of the Maine law, and the adoption of its principle by four or five of the other Ameri can states, as well as by the British province of New Bruns wick, have encouraged a number of the most v alous and influential abstainers from intoxtcating drinks in this coun try to form an alliance, the object of which is to promote discussion on the Maine law, and to persuade the people of this country to apply it in like manner. There can he no objection in any quarter to the employment of argument for the purpose of ascertaining truth and leading to the dis charge of duty; and we shall be euriou r to know t h e reasonings employed on behalf of this new movement, and the prospects of success which it prewnts. We perceive in the list of the general council of the " Alliance " the names of not a few gentlemen who, while they cannot be accused of fanaticism, are known to be active in every goof work.— Manchester Examiner. ACCIDENT TO EARL CLANWILLIAM.—On Wed nesday afternoon, between three and four o'clock, as Earl Clanw•illiem and another gentleman weer ri.hog on horse back through the fair at Deal, :he earl's hone suddenly became restive, kicking and rearing in a Ina , : frightful manner, and at last threw his lordship and struck him vio lently on the breast. The otter gent.cmau immediately dismounted, and both hoss:s started off at tull callop; for tunately no injury was done by them. alttc•rgh the road was literally throng, 0 with children. The earl was taken into the shop of Mr. Clarabut, chemist, and from thence to Deal Castle. Wa. Hulke, Esq., surgeon, was quickly in attendance, and we are glad to learn that no material injury was austained.—South ;.Eastrris Uazette. gix Court. WINDSOR OCT. 11, The Earl of Aberdeen arrived from London ye*. terday, and had the honour of dining with her Majesty. The band of the Scots Fusilier Guards alb i.ded is the Castle, and played during dinner. Her Majesty's private band afterwards attended itt the evening, and performed the following selection. Overture—" te Pre aux Clem" ltereld. Concert, Violin, M. Minton Mottlelaaatia, Finale, 3rii Act—" L'Enfant The Queen took equestrian exercise in the Itiding.h,,,, s , this morning. Also the Princess Itoyal and the Prince% Helene. Despatches were sent yesterday from the Celonialddhee to the Governors of Iloeg Kong, Ceylon, and the Lord High Commissioner of the lonian Islands. The Earl of Carlisle arrived at Malta oil the 12:b. REFUSAL BY THE PORTE OF MTSTERN SUCCOUR. TO THE EDITOR OF THE EMILY,. --- SIR,—I beg to transmit, in a more precise form, the intelligence which last evening I communicated' to the meeting at Finsbury. On the 2nd of this month Lord Stratford de &d -eli& received instructions from his government to use every effort to induce the Sultan to syn without variation the note of the conference of Vienna, and, in case of any commotion resulting from that step,:to state that his government would provide means for appeasing it, by the presence of its squadron. Reschid Pacha replied that he would sooner cut off his right hand and fling it into the Bosphorus, and consequently must decline the " amicable " offer of assistance, and that it remained but for him to com municate the firm resolution of his sovereign to rely solely upon the courage of his people. It would appear, in consequence, that the French squadron will take its departure from Besika Bay for Vourla, in the Gulf of Smyrna; and that foe English squadron will take up its winter quarters in Porto Olivete, in the island of Mitylene. The Turkish squadron will sail for the Black Sea. My cones. pendent says that " The people, entertaining the pro. sentiment of disastrous consequences from the pro. Bence of those ships, cannot contain its joy at the in. telligence of their departure." The following details may be of interest. One hundred fieldpieces wire about to be des. patched by sea to 'Varna. The principal personages have contributed their carriage horses for the service. On the sth the steam boats reached Constantinople with the advanced guard of the army if Mesopo tamia, having been despatched ten days before to the coast of Syria to fetch them up. The Sheriff of Mecca has sent to inform the Sul tan that there are 100,000 Arabs at his disposal, who will serve without pay, and ask only to be furnished with provisions. I am, &c., Oct. 19. D. URQUHART. THE POLES IN LONDON. TO TILE EDITOR OF THE EXPRESS. Literary Auociatioa of the Friends of Poland,. Sussex-chambers, Duke-street, St. James's, October 19, 1853. SIR,—It is perhaps unnecessary to contradict any statement which appears respecting England or Poland, in the New Gazette of Prussia ; but as a letter purporting to be written by a correspondent in London, which appeared in that paper on the Bth instant, has been trinalated aad transferred to your column., and has even led to inquiries being made at the chambers of this Association, on the part of the commissioners of police, I may, perhaps, be excused for alluding to the subject. The letter, amongst other statements of a similar character, contains the following You may readily form an idea of the fanaticism which the declaration of war by Turkey has caused among the emigrants, particularly the Poles and Hungarians. I am also informed that the Polish Literary Seciety has at its disposal six thousand muskets, which are now on board two vessels at Southampton, intended to convey the Magyar-Polish legion to Turkey. It is said that 000 Poles, completely armed, and commanded by Colonel Oporski, will leave Southampton to-morrow. The Literary Society displays the greatest activity, half the greet in which it holds its meetings is blocked up by Polish re fugees." In reply to this London correspondent, I beg to state that this society (the only Polish Society which has assumed the name of " Literary ••) so far from having at its disposal 6,000 muskets, has not, nor, to the best of my belief, ever has had, at its disposal even a Biagio musket or arras of any species whatever, unless it be the sword of the brave Ure mia' Bern, delivered here as a relic. The Society displays no more than its usual activity. The meetings of the council are held, as has been the practice ever since the establishment of the Association in 1832, once a week only; and their proceedings have, for several months, been limited to the single object of affording relief to re fugees who are incapacitated by sickness from following their usual employments. There has been no unusual at tendance of Polish refugees at the chambers of the &swig (ion ; on an average of many months certainly not more than 20 daily. Duke-street, in which the asoxistion is situated, has consequently not been half Wicked up by Polish refugees, as you may possibly be aw: re from per sonal observation. Ido not refer to the Mtn r statements contained in the letter, many of which are no less impro bable and ridiculous than those which I have quoted, be_ cause the latter alone concern the Literary Association, and the falsehood of the others is not known to me of my per sonal knowledge. May I be allowed to add that the Preussische Ifreus Zeitung does not appear to be in advance of the Veso Gazette of Prussia in the accuracy of itt foreign corres pondents. The former journal of the 4th inst. stated, as appears by the Allgemoine Zeitung of the lath inst.— With regard to the absence of the secretary of the Lite rary Society, Saulesew•ki, I am informed that he has really been in Sheffield for arranging these purchasesof arms, which are to be kept in readiness fer the enrolment of the part of the legion to be armed here.•• I have never been is Sheffield in my life : no purchases of arms have been made, no orders for arms given by this society, and, therefore, the purchases alluded to are probably no less imaginary than the 6,000 muskets at the disposal of the association. It is difficult to say whether these statements have been made with any political object, or with the view of defeat ing the appeal which this society is usually' constrained to make at this period of the year to the humane and generous feelings of the public, independently of political I am directed by the council of this associati(n to make this communication, and, I have the honour to be, Air, your obedient servant, C. SZ ULC Z EWSKI, Resident Secretary. SWINDLING IN PARIS.—An account was given, says Galismani,in August last, of the condemnation to three years' imprisonment of a man named: Del..gileau, for having committed namerous .cts of swindling by obtain ing subscriptions from different persons on pretence that they were for the distressed widow and family of a lite raryman of some note. Amongst his victims were Mesdames Ugalde, Tedesco, Cruvelli, Cerito, and other theatrical no tabilities. To commit his frauds, he took the false name of the Vicomte de Croin-Matie. The total soothe received was about 2,500 fr. Oct Saturday be appealed to the Imperial Court against the conderunatioe. The prisoner alleged that be is a literary man by profession, that he had been con nec!ed with different newspapers, and that he bad been accustomed to earn money by writing vaudevilles for noted dramatists, who brought them out under their own names. It was stated in the course of the proceeding. that in ISM be was arrested fcr having been concerned in a Carlo•re publi. an plot, that in 1815 he was sentenced to bac months' imprisonment for libel, and in IMO be was con demned to three months' imprisonment and file ye ari ia teroiction of civil rights for swindling. In the present case, he originally pretended that he had really devoted the money received to a dieteessed family, and that he Mould be able to prove it by the testimony of that family. But the proof was not folthcoming, and the former beutence was confirmed. _ SUDDEN DEATH IN A COFFEE-HOUSE.—Last even ing Mr. B. Baker. *anther, hold an inquest at the London Hospital, on view of the body of Thomas Chapala), aged 45 year•, who was found ceud at u coffee-house a der the fo:lowing eitcutastanc,s ,—lt is:,peared that the deceased was a carpenter, ar.d bud come front Lowestoft ou a visit to his friends in Loudon. 110 arrived very late to Saturday ' night with his see, and et g .g. d u lodging at ths %mpg Coffee-house, 47, litgh-street, Whitichspil, whet.: they re tired to Il'at about one o'cloels on Sunday motailig. The ' boy got out of bet! nbout 11 o'clock, but esulti net Make*, deceased liter, an•t w! the waiter was called dressed was found to be in , ttsib:r. Mr. Cowley, surgeon, of High street, was called, w:ts pronounc.d the deceased te be dead. There were no maths of violence, but the deceased had been sick after he drank tome coffee. Mr. Conde,. e•ated tkst the deceased had died of apoplexy arising hem Weill causes. The jury returned a verdict of "Died by the stsi tation of lied."