The Express. — London, England, 1851-10-09 00:00:00

ZIP erpreriO. IIJ l•aJnzvax.• ...toed Edi!tre of " Tb• Expeees,* eideahrldft •be ease swain% A r,aer tta," palish/4 every Tasedsy awl Friday awld. ia Yeaa ke part A lent:worsts Isteedual far "ma lamr." Loaded Evesid, paper, met be at the °lke. 10, Boaverledadet. by Two o'clock Ds els day of pabtionties. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE fir Der—WOrsuir, In. Om. Oa. MIR. To-ssoasow—llorelni. 21a. M. Atterases. It. 26e. LONDOIV, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 9. AG SIN has Mr. DIsBAELI spoken to the farmers of Buckinghamshire, and in his own wild and eccentric way has tendered them, along with his now well known specific, some very good advice. At the South Bucks agricultural meeting he told his agri cultural friends and admirers that it is perfectly clear the existing free-trade policy cannot he abrogated, nor the protective system restored, unless the various classes of the community " should arrive at the con clusion that the principles on which our commercial system arc founded, are incorrect and injurious;" and he recommended a postponement of all demand on the port of farmers for protection until that time should arrive. That such a postponement of the de mand for protection is its abandonment, was of course obvious to the dullest farmer amongst the adroit mem her's audience, and in offering his constituents such ads ice he does them good service. For years past irothing has rttarded agricultural improvement, and that which is its indispensable preliminary—a read justment of the relation of landlord end tenant—so mach as a kind of sickly longing after monopoly prices which has lingered about the agricultural mind. It is true that Mr. IftstuEit's specific mea sure of shifting local taxation from the lead to the jcileral industry of the country does not meet with any very enthusiastic support from the farmers of Buckinghamshire or elsewhere; for while they can un I rstand that their landlords may be benefited by the operation, could it be effected, and the member for Bucks may advance his political objects by its 'missal, they see no great chance of producing the change, and they doubt whether if it were to be produced, they would be much benefited. Land agents have a wonderful knack of turning r‘i re fiscal alleviation nominally conferred upon yearly tenants to the account of the landlord, and the farmers see that any jugglery about local taxa tion would only prevent suitable reductions of rent and revisions of tenure which they arc now demand ing from their landlords, and will probably obtain. Mr. Pt.:no:ifs advice to outspend their demand for the bringing back an abrogated system" until the n.-1 of the community consent to the imposition eta 11% on their food to keep up rents, is therefore tat likely to induce the farmers to abate the energy et their demands for a settlement with their landlords, or their own determination to see what thy tail do for themselves. Now, then, he seenii likely to become a real fanners friend. And more than that, he tells them very truly, "that there is a general disposition on the part of the public opinion of this country to view the agricultural question in a temperate and mode rate spirit, and there is an anxiety to , cometo some arrangement, which without interfering with the financial prineiples prevalent in this country, would make the position of the cultivator of the soil ;Isis r by minting the cost of his manufacture." Now possible the speaker may have used this lan guage ill s o nic double sense; there is much truth in its most obvious meaning. By the abandonment of protection, by the withdrawal of a monstrous de mind to tw guaranteed by the rest of the community against bail seasons and had husbandry, fanners will find all other industrious classes inelincd to give at tention to any special grievance or peculiar burdens the firming interest may labour under. There will lie no longer a necessity of meeting their demands for redress of grievances with a prompt denial because they no longer insist upon imposing a bread-tax on every one else. For such counsel the farmers have reason to be thankful to their self-con stituted political lender; though it is, to say the least, doubtful whether that wily gentleman will thereby very much forward his own purposes. The farmers are shieod men. They know well enough that with per manently low price* a different sj stein of culture and manngement must be adopted, and they fear that it must be a more difficult and laborious one than was required when prices were high. They are well uoare that noshifting of local taxation, even if they gut all the benefit of it to their own share, could be any equivalent fur the lons of ten shillings a quarter on wheat, and twopence a pound on fat meat, which, rightly or wrongly, they attribute to far-trade ; but this they do know, that, while they have borne the brunt of the change of system, the pains and perils of the tninsition from a protected to an open trade, and have had to re-eonsider all their calculations and re ;adjust their scheme of cultivation, their landlords ha, e done little or nothing fur their relief, notwith standing the real value of their rentals has been greatly and permanently enhanced by the existing commercial policy. This is the direction farmers efforts and energies will, and very properly, take when, in compliance with Mr. Diseahhes good ad vice, they abandon—or postpone, fortis the state thing—their demand fur protection. This was strongly expressed by several farmers at the , livrtfind Agricultural Meeting, after Sir En. WARD WON'S inanities had excited their choler. Thus, Mr. Rout:ars said the landlords are now sharing in benefits which arose out of their tenants' losses. They are keeping their horses cheaper, their general housekeeping expenses and the cost of maintaining their iwrvants are less ; they can travel through the country at a much cheaper rate than formerly, while the fanners' rent remained about the same. The tenant, therefore, had a right to call upon the landlord for every concession he could make ; he should Five up game preserving altogether ; he should strip the fields of trees and assist the tenant in a variety of ways quite within his power without reference to rent ; and on that and other occasions during the present autumn si milar opinions have been expressed and reiterated by tenant farmers, to and in the presence of their landlords, with a frankness and decision of which we have previously seen no examples. And it is worthy of is mark that in every instance such observations have come from farmers who have hitherto been the active agents and the firmest political adherents of the protectionist landowners, and have aided and abetted them in every act and movement against commercial freedom, for it is notorious that more in telligent and far seeing farmers, who advocated or assented to free-made, have generally abstained from these meetings. They have left the squirearchy to fight it out with their own disgusted and disap pointed adherents. Such being the present state of feeling and opinion amongst farmers, what will be Mr. Disktedd s chance of enlisting them in his cru sade against local taxes, when he specifies the land tax as one on which they. the farmers, may appeal to the legislature for an equitable adjustment of taxa tion ? Every farmer knows that the landdax is a charge upon rent and rent only; and that by the simplefact that he is in the constant habit of paying it, and then deducting the amount from the nal?. as by act of parliament he is entitled to du Far better than such " dodges" is the plain and practical refenmee of Sir .1 tits Ott mast at Aberdeenshire to the beneficial changes which enterprise, skill, and self-reliance have of late years produced upon the agriculture of that counts-. This, however, w esti,- factory, that the practical effect of the advise mid conclusion of both politicians is the same. namtely, that . in seeking to recover protection farmers are locking after a vain thing, and that on their own energy, be it exerted politically or agriculturally, they must alone rely. ON Friday last the platform of the Town-hall, Manchester. was °cynicd by a body of men which included representatives of almost every school of politics and religion in England. Among them were the Bishop of M tNCIIE•qt.n, Mr. Canon S to% ELL, Dr. V.tt Guts, and Mr. Hemoolv. The object which brought together such apparently discordant elements in such friendly communion partook in some degree of the singularity of the meeting itself. It was to celebrate the opening of a richly-endowed college, founded by a tradesman, and governed by a layman. We bare a right to point to the erection of , • college at Manchester, as a remarkable fact, although our reasons for so doing will be found to be somewhat different from those of somnolent Oxford Dons, or bigoted denouncers of machinery, who ask in contempt, can any good thing mine out of commerce and manufacture ? Oar admiration rather than our surprise is excited by the fact, that Manchester, which may be considered to represent more perfectly than any other town the combination 'of those numerous elements of power which have within the last thirty years developed themselves so energetically in the north and west of England, should set tae seal upon so many vast achievements by the accomplishment of another, to which its enemies would have sneeringly pronounced it in competent, and for which its friends scarcely deemed it prepared. That the north-west counties have indeed taken a giant's share in the actual work done in England of late years, has never been denied. That they are acquiring a predominating influenza in the country, which is becoming more and more visible in every movement of the national life, and will in all proba bility end in impressing itself very distinctly on the national character, is matter of observation. But it was too generally assumed that this progress was merely a physical, utilitarian progress. Learned lay monks * like SOUTHEY, and pretty pious poets like Lord Jone MANNERS and Mr. SMYTHE, and purblind Puseyites, like the white-waistcoated Young Englanders in the house, were shocked at the idea of men earning, by labour, millions of loaves of bread on spots where botanical gardens, supported by parliamentary grants, must have been necessary before corn for a few dozen loaves could be grown ; and called fran tically on the gods to restore the days when poor men were fed by the crumbs swept out by the porter of the castle hall, or the servitor at the monastery. Everything great and noble, according to these persons, was being withered under the miserable influence of the spirit of trade. The cold breath of utility stifled every generous aspiration which could not be brought under the laws of the multiplication table, and esti mated in pounds, shillings, and pence. Matter was dominating over mind. We were being reduced to the level of the brutes that perish. So much for the objections of the pseudo-spiritual ists, or rather spirits-and-water-ists. Others, like ourselves, have seen with wonder and admiration the marvellous growth of a mighty power, and the astonishing precision with which its various mani festations have been made. Manchester, and the numerous districts which it represents, have never made a false step. They have gone on conquering and to conquer. They gave us the cotton trade which paid for the most expensive war in which a nation was ever engaged; they knocked every minis.' try on the head opposed to freedom of trade ; they passed the corn laws. But the spirit which is un chained in these districts will not be confined to mere commercial and political operations. It is gra dually animating other functions of public life. In Manchester, deans and canons become liberal in' matters of church preferment. In Manchester, the bigotry which would condemn the majority of the people to be uneducated, darts not lift up its head; all classes do homage to the spirit of progress, and unite in furthering a com prehensive education. Finally, Manchester possesses now a college, to which, although no religious test is required, either from pupils or professors, men of all views in religion meet to do honour. It is not too much toe:pea that a college founded under such auspices, in the midst of a people ani• mated with unconquerable energies, is destined to take a very high place amongst learned and scientific institutions, and to exercise in return a great in fluence on the minds of those who conic within its sphere of action. We have every right to trust that the spirit of the age which is banished so sedulously from our great universities, will find a home here; and that the intellectual and moral sciences may, when freed from the dead weight which oppresses them elsewhere, run a race with the physical sciences, when they are cultivated with the same ardour and unfettered endeavour. It may be that the faculties have in the north been warped by the too exclusive devotion to one object, and that a want is becoming felt of a counterpoise. Professor Scutt, the principal, in his eloquent open ing lecture, considers the foundation of the college and the interest in its future welfare, a testimony to the existence of such a want. I may, therefore, (he observed) hope to find among you a predisposition to weigh what may be offered as aid towards a definite conception of the culture which a uni versity education is designed to bestow, and of the grounds on which it is worthy to be taught; while on the other hand, I ant stimulated to the undertaking by contemplating the prodigious antagonist forces with which the serene and Ideal attractions of the intellectual life have to struggle in this metropolis of the world's indus trial activity ; forces some of them essentially hostile, des• tiued, we trust, to be weakened or crushed in the conflict, but for the mos: pail intrinsirally mole or oerdfol, and capable therefore of bcinf harmonised with the influences which we have now especially to advocate, and of cu•ope• rating with them in a friendly opposition and healthful counterpoiie like that which maintains order among the powers of the material world, and which a due social orga niiiation strives to resemble. The spirit which animated the speakers at the meeting showed that this want had been felt, and the general concurrence in the views of university education, stated in a masterly manner by Mr. Scorn, proves that he will be assisted in his arduous task by a public spirit as enlightened as it is ener getic. That such sentiments as the following, on the value of veil/Wire us distinguished from prac tical truth, should have been listened to with favour in the most practical city in the whole world, proves that Manchester will not be behiudhand in pursuits which it has hitherto neglected : There is no application of physical truth which seems so ' like the multiplying the limbs, and extending prodigiously of an individual human presence, as the great series of the inventions of Jam's Watt. Your city as it stands is almost his creation. To this there is no need to call your thoughts. But observe the nature of his preliminary inquiries. Who was likely to have considered as practical the employments of a poor maker of mathematical instruments, devoting his too-much leisure to mastering, testing, and extending Black's paradoxical theory of latent heat ? It is the pulse of his brain that now throbs in all your engines ; it is a great assemblage of speculative spirits, which wields as its instrument the myriads of arms and tools and machines that stir round us. The men who in the very nature of things can never be appreciated, can never be hired, are the men that do the most even of that work which the world is readiest to value and remunerate. • • • • • I would take physical science as an illustration of the tran scendant part which solitary and abstract study, not immedi ately directed to any outward result, bears in the history of the most practical improvement. So that human society is, for its own good, bound to afford for such study opportunity and encouragement; since it cannot adequately recompense, to take care lest all its members become mainly practical men, to store up and continue from age to age the results of the more profound inquiry and speculation, to supply to the hand of the workers the stock of principles and facts on which the truth of their working may be found, in varying and expanding eireunts stints s, to depend. STOPFAOE OF Two BANKS AT NEWPORT.-1110 Monmouth and Glasnorgunshire Joint Stock Bank, and Messrs. Williams's Old Bank, both of which establishments carried on business in Newport, Monmouthshire, suspended payments on Tuesday. The stoppage of the former concern, , which is the chief local bank of the district, is attributed to the fact that their bills were refused by the London Com mcreial Bank. In the course of the morning • notice was fixed on the doors and in the windows of the bank, an nouncing that "in conaequence of the recent depression in the iron trade, and the withdiawal of support hitherto received, the managers were oliged to suspend payments for s'short time, but hoped to resume businns in a few days." There are serious apprehensions entertained in the mone tary circles that " the wont is not yet known." Many of ! the shareholders have invested their little all in the bank, and their fears arc very great. Many, also, who had credits in small amonnts—considerable, however, to them—are under the most anxious ap p re h ens i ons. Soon after the I notice alluded to bad been put up at the Monmouth and Glamorgan Bank, the doors of Messrs. William's old bank in this town were also closed, and • notice affixed to the door, that payments wen suspended in consequence of the suspension of the Monmouth and Glamorgan Bank. The third bank in town, the West of England District Bank, is unaffected by the crisis. CILICITABLE BEQuEsT.-31r. James Mentor, late of Bose-greet, Boho, coffee roaster, recently deceased, has by his will, after leaving various legacies to his relatives and friends, bequeathed the residue of his property, which . will amount to between two and three thousand pounds, to " the Grocers' and Tea Dealers' Benevolent Protection Society, to be applied for the objects of the said so ciety, and in accordance to the rules thereof." Mr. Mentor was an annual subscriber to this society for many years, but took no part in its affairs, though he often en pressed his approval of the objects of the society, and of the careful management of its funds. The Grocers' and Tea Dealers' is strictly a benevolent institution, having for its object the granting of permanent annuities to the distressed honest members of the trade and thei• widows in old age and infirmities, and temporary assistance, at the discretion of the committee, to their orphan children. The society also embraces in its rules East and West India merchants, brokers, sugar refiners, and importers of and dealers in colo nial and foreign produce, whose principal business is Con nected with the trade of a grocer or tea dealer. THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY. EVENING, OCTOBER 9, 1851. FRANCE. PARIS, WILDNISDAY BYIVMIO. As the moment approaches foe Louis Napoleon to east aside that ambiguity with regard to e ss t restora tions d universal suffrage , which is no 1 oticrable in the diametrically-opposed opinions of the two lead ing ministerial organs than in the conflicting lan attributed to the President and to his ministers, gel:dour of polemical discussion upon this favourite theme redoubles, and parties exhibit that fierce and eager intensity which marks the features of gamblers contending for a high stake when the game draws nigh the close. The law of May is the universal theme of discussion in all leading organs ; but an article of more than usual importance appears from the pen of M. Granier de Cassagnac, and speaks with a prophetic decision which seems inspired by autho rity. " Suppose," says the writer of the Canaan tionnet (and we believe that we arc not making an entirely inadmissible hypothesis) that in this state of things (which he paints as desperate) "the Presi dent of the Republic, who is, after all, responsible, taking into due account the dangers and the wishes of the country, should charge a ministry (and he would find a hundred for the purpose),'to propose categorically to the Assembly the revision of the constitution and the repeal of the law of May, does any one think that the Assembly, caught be tween the executive power and the country, would make a very long resistance? " Girardin is quite as positive about the inevitable necessity of repealing the law as Cassagnac. Lamartine, too, chimes in with his rival Cavaignac on the same side. Nette meat indicates from the midst of the pointus legi timists the changes which he wants in the law. Larochejaquelin and the Gazette de France are clear against it. But on the other hand, it is more strenu ously than ever maintained by the organs of the con servative majority. The abolition of the law of May would certainly take from the socialists a most dangerous subject of agitation, which now saves them the trouble of putting forward their visionary theories, and gives a colour of justice and right to their cause. There is no denying any longer that the position of M. Leon Faucher does not look so firm during these last days. The removal of the President to St. Cloud has been marked by a relapse towards the ideas of unmixed Bonapartism; and the personal intimates of the Elvsee seem in the ascendant. The confidence of the Prrise in the inevitable repeal of the law of May derives greater importance hum the circumstance of Girardin having recently dined with the President at St. Cloud. On the whole, the mo ment seems ripe for abandoning the increasing diffi culties of systematic compression. At every step the track becomes more tangled and perplexed, and, the axe of M. Leon Faucher is well nigh weary of clear ing the way. Already the prefeets, us if in expecta tion of a less rigid re line, send in milder reports of their sway, as fearing the criticism of ministerial suc cessors, whose eyes will be less indulgent for theta and more for the public. Then, again, the hopes and pro spects of commerce are not answered by this tightly strained rule and system of gendarming people at every turn. So fur has confidence disappeared that two first-rate banks of l'aris have refused this week to advance the dividends upon the Rentes due in next March. if ever there was a moment when breakers ahead justified putting about the ship of state, that moment is the present; for the continuance of such senseless oppression in all departments of govern ment cannot fail to exasperate not only the demo crats, but a large proportion of moderately-disposed citizens. If exasperation be the aim, no terms of condemnation arc too strong for such a 3lachiavelic policy. Changarnier is still disputed between the Union and ilessayer, whose polemics are beginning to ac quire somewh at of the shrillness of Billingsgate in contending fur this amphibious fish. The merits of Kossuth are debated with much, warmth. In general the tone of parties on this sub ject is more influenced by the supposed relation of the ex-governor of Hungary to their present struggle than by an appreciation of his past history. Thus the conservative press could not bestow fouler lan- 1 gunge upon Ledrußollin or .Ilazzini ; while the en thusiasm of the socialists is unquestionably derived, in great part from the notion that Kossuth is em barked heart and hand in the same cause with them. Some one has neatly remarked of the insulting strain of the Coisseitatiimile/ that this journal plays in the ovation to Kossuth the part of those who fol lowed, according to ancient usage, the car of triumph with invective and ribaldry. Lamartine justly observes in the reception prepared fur Kossuth in England, a proof that England could never, even were the tones to return to power, be brought to join a holy alliance with Austna and Itussia against France. The DAate, adverting to the electric telegraph between Paris and London as a fait accompli, ex presses great anxiety that the line of wire should be at once completed to Marseilles, without wait ing for the railway, which may not be finished till 1856 or 1857. It contends that the objections which have been made against an electric telegraphic unconnected with a railway arc unfounded. In case of an insurrection the rail way affords no security against a mob that might be disposed to interrupt the communication from poli tical motives. With regard to the danger from wanton mischief, although an electric telegraph along the ordinary high road would be somewhat less secure than on a railway, it would not bo wholly unwatched ; if the posts were made a little higher than those now commonly in use the wire could not be injured without a degree of trouble and circum spection, which would seldom be employed at the risk of detection and punishment. Assuming that the wire might be cut occasionally, the injury might be repaired at small cost. Tho best practical argument is that there are thousands of miles of electric telegraph, apart from railways, in America; and Austria has also tried the same system without inconvenience. it is calcu lated that the cost of such a telegraph between Chalons-Bur-Saone and Avignon (which would at once complete the communication between London, Paris, and Marseilles) would be but 2,700/. The bibats thinks it absurd that so stupendous a result should be delayed for four or five years for the sake of so trifling a sum. M. Charles 3lurchal, formerly the editor of the Anil du Peuple, was to-day tried for a political libel, contained in a pamphlet called "Fin de la Repub lique." He was found guilty and sentenced to five years' imprisonment, to pay a fine of 240/., and to be imprisoned in default of payment for a further period of three Tears. The Bishop of Lucon has issued synodal instruc tions interdicting the whole clergy of his diocese not only from subscribing to the Presse, either indi vidually or as a memlx r of any society, but even from reading that journal upon any occasion what soever. The committee appointed to settle the indemnity due to private individuals for damage done to their property during the insurrection of June is on the point of terminating its labours, and the payment of the sums awarded may be expected to be made very shortly. M. 'de Fallout quitted Nice rather suddenly on the 2nd east, and is expected in Paris. M. Jules Gerard, sub-lieutenant of the 3rd Spahis, writes an account, dated Constantine, Sept. 22, of his having shot a large black lion, whose carcase regaled four companies of infantry. At the Bourse the Fives fell 5c., closing at 91.7.5; the Threes fell 15c., and closed at ,543. The railway market was calm, with but little change. TELEGRAPH ACROSS THE ATLANTIC.—A Mr. Rey nolds, of New York, proposes to construct a telegraph com munication across the Atlantic at a cost of 3,000,000 dots. He thinks the plan practicable and safe, and sets forth that the distance between Cape Canso, above Halifax, on the American coast, and the nearest point in Ireland, near Gal way, is but about 1,600 miles along the banks of Newfound land, which are known to extend within 160 miles of the coast of Ireland, at an average depth of SOO feet. A line of this length, consisting of four wires perfectly insulated in a good gun rc s peha, of the size proposed, would last hundreds of years, as the insulating substance is indestructible in water, and has a strength almost equal to iron. Such a line would weigh about 10,000 tuns, and would require about 1,500 tons of iron anchors. The cost of everything, when in complete working order, would be less than 3,000,000 dots. Such a line would do more to advance intelligence, ' true liberty, and the interests of the people, than anything hitherto achieved in the way of " obliterating time and space." Tlf E JEWS IN Rom E.—Letters from Rome in the Rif ergitnenlo of Turin, state that the old regulations concerning this Israelites have been revived: viz., that they cannot travel within the Roman States without a permission from the Inquisition, nor stop in any place without a new permission. DENMARK AND THE DUCHIES. Two rumours, proceeding severally from the ca pitals of France and Prussia, and treating specially of the state of affairs in Denmark and the Duchies, have been spread through the letters of correspond ents in those capitals. According to one rumour, spread in Berlin on the 6th, a complete change of ministry had taken place at Copenhagen, and the democratic party there were again in the ascendant. According to another rumour, the source of which is to be found in the Paris Putrie, the classical birth place of what are called by Parisians canards," Count Bille Brahe, the Danish negotiator,had succeeded in oh taiuing from the Prussian government its sanction to the principle of Danish unity proclaimed by the London protocol, and in virtue of which Prince Christian of Glucksburg, an infant, is to succeed eventually to tho throne. This sanction is said by the Paine to be contained in a note addressed on the 30th of September to the Danish government by , M. Manteuffel, in which that minister declares that his sovereign gives his consent both to the principle of the maintenance of the Danish monarchy in its integrity and to the arrangements in virtue of which Prince Chris• tian, conjointly with his wife, the Princess Louise, and their heirs male, are recognised as pre sumptive successors to the throne of Denmark. It is somewhat fatal for the truth of both those rumours, that at the opening of the Danish chambers on the 4th inst. the Danish ministry still remained at its post, and the King specifically declared in his speech from the throne that the question of succes sion remained as yet undecided. In his speech the King of Denmark declared himself happy again to find himself amongst the deputies of the nation, and ready to co-operate with them in consolidating the welfare of the nation, and passing in common accord measures for fortifying its glory and prospe rity. The war was at an end, and the benefits of peace were generally felt all over the kingdom. The cares of the King and his government had been chiefly directed to the fixing of the limits and main tenance of the frontiers of the kingdom, a question to which was inseparably joined that of the succes sion to the throne. He could not but congratulate himself upon the marks of sympathy and good-will which he received from all the foreign powers, and he had naught but praise to give to the relations of sincere friendship which had been re-established, and which he entertained with them. The financial plan and accounts which would be furnished to the Chambers would furnish abundant proof that, not withstanding the burdens weighing on the nation in consequence of the war, the 6 tute of its finances was most prosperous. Count Mlle Brain) was at Copenhagen on the 4th inst., and about to leave for Berlin. COLONIAL. ST. HELENA. We have received files of the Si. Helena Adroeate up to the 2lst of August. The new Governor, Lieut.-Col. T. G. Browne, had arrived, and been duly feted by the inhabitants. Some interest and anxiety had been created by the arrival of intelligence from England comprising despatches in which the governor was called upon to report if it was necessary to keep the military force at present on the island, and whether a local militia, properly embodied, would not serve the purpose re quired. The removal of troops would inflict injury on the island undoubtedly, as the expenditure caused by them is valued at 20,0 00/. a year. JAMAICA. We find the following account of a disgraceful outrage in the town of Lucca copied front the Fal mouth Past into the Kingston Morning Journal of Sept. 8: At a petty session of the peace which was held at the Courthouse, in the town of Lucca, on Saturday, the 30th August, Lieut. O'llannagan, of her Majesty's 3rd West India Regiment, was brought before Justices Chamber laine, Dawes, Hayward, and Breboer, charged with having committed a violent assault on the person of Dr. M'Bean, the staff assistant-surgeon, nt the barracks in the above named town. It appeared by the examination of the wit nesses that on Friday night, the 29th ult., Dr. Melican, having spent the evening out, returned to his residence between seven and eight o'clock, and found his wife and mother-in-law sitting in the drawing-room with Lieutenant O'Flannsgan. The three parties commenced to mock and jeer the doctor, who, being thus insulted, required the lieutenant to leave the house. Mr. O'llannagan refused to obey the order, and told Dr. M'llean that if he wanted to tight, "he was his man." The challenge was not accepted, but the doctor, labouring under excited feedings, '4vanced . . of idea.__.. towards Mr. O'Flannagan with the intention. forcibly ejecting him from the premises; but he was pre vented from carrying the intention into effect by Mae. and her mother, who held him by the arms until Mr. O'Flannagan came up and kicked him down stairs. The servants, who were witnesses of these sad doings, felt indignant at the manner in which their master bad been treated by the officer and the two females, and declared their rcadine.s to stand by him. Dr. M'Bean then went up stain, and inflicted a couple of blows on the face of Limit. O'Flannagan, who quitted the house, and returned soon after with an armed party of soldiers from the bamcks, whom he placed in the several apartments. It appeared that the object in bringing the soldiers was to arrest the doctor, but he had gone to the house of a friend, and there fore the object was not effected. In reply to a question from one of the magistrates, Dr. M'Bean said," that he had more than sufficient cause for suspicion that au improper in timacy existed between his wife and Lieutenant O'Flanne,- gen, and that this was the return made by that officer foe the hospitality which had been extended to him." This statement was made in a crowded court, as a great number of persons who empathised with Dr. M'Bean went thither fur the purpose of listening to the facts which were deposed to. The magistrates, after hearing the whole of the evi dence, forwarded a copy of it to Major Cockell, the com manding officer; and called upon Lieutenant O'Flannagan to enter into reeognisances, himself in 200/., and two sure ties in 1001. each, to keep the peace, and appear to answer any bill of indictment that may he preferred against him, either at the Cornwall Assize Court, or the Hanover Court of Quarter Sessions; and our correspondent adds, that the justices who acted on the occasion have received a letter from Major Cockell, informing them that the charge against Lieutenant O'Flannagan is of so serious a nature, that the note. of evidence would be forwarded forthwith to the com mander of the forces at head quarters. Tar JAMAICA WO:K.—At the half-yearly meeting of the feteireholders of this establishment, held on lot September at Kingston, a highly satisfactory report of the transactions of the bank for the six months ending 30th June last was presented by the directors. From the statements accom panying the report it appeared that the balance of net profit realised on the six months transactions was 4,7801. 18.. 10d., from which was to be deducted 175!. for remuneration to directors and auditors, leaving an available balance of net profit to the amount of 1,6011. 18s. 10d., of which it was proposed to appropriate 3,000/. to the payment of a dividend of 3 per cent for the half year on the capital stock, and to starry the balance of 1,60.,!. 18s. 10d. to the credit of the surplus fund, which would be thus increased to Ils. 9d. Nor was the statement of assets and liabi lities Ito, satisfactory. The circulation of the bank amounted on the 30th of June to 40,7471. 10s., and the deposits to 53,0971. ls. 2d., being an aggregate liability in these respects of 93,844/. lls. 2d., against which the directors showed cash in the bank treasury and balances in London and foreign agencies to the amount of 33,3201. 13s. Sd., and bills of exchange and other secu rities to the amount of 166M031. 18s. Soch a statement cannot fail to be as satisfactory to the public as it was to the shareholders, and reflects no small credit on the gentlemen who have acted OA the directors of the company. In sub mitting the report to the shareholders the directors took occasion to observe that there was a sm all increase of profit realised on the half-year's transactions as compared with the previous six month., a result which the directors had not expected, considering the season of unexampled distress, and the temporary suspension of agricultural employment and business in almost every parish in the island, caused by the spread and prevalence of cholera; but at the seine time the directors had the satisfaction of assuring the shareholders that no casualty had arisen to affect the iuterests of the es tablishment since they last had the pleasure of submitting their half-yearly report. The report was unanimously adopted by the meeting, and Lawrence Gibson and S. W. Mais, whose terms of office had expired, were re elected direc tors. BRITISH GUIANA. The following address has been put forth at De merara by the Committee of the British Guiana Re form Association : TO TUE ILEFORNIERS OF BRITISH OVIA.NA. . _ The Reform Committee consider it desirable very briefly to address the reformers of British Guiana on the subject of the changes in our political institutions recently proposed by his Excellency the governor. The division on the first amendment on Mr. Bean's resolution on the Gth of June, made it clearly evide n t th a t th e legislature, constituted and composed as it now is, will not affirm the principles of those comprehensive changes which the reformers advocate; therefore the question fur present consideration is as to the course to be pursued, in order to derive the greatest amount of practical benefit from the measures for the modification of our existing institutions, which, in consequence of that resolution, have been laid before the Court of Policy ; and the course whi.:l the committee would recommend they now proceed to define: 1. The first thing to be urged on the Court of Policy is the immediate introduction of a bill for effecting the changes relating to that court. It seems a needle's waste of time for the court to frame here a draft of royal instructions for such changes as they may consider advisable ; for that draft to be transmitted for the approval of the Q ueen, or rather of the Secretary (or the Colonies; and when ap proved and duly signed and sealed, to bo returned to the colony, and then to form the groundwork of a bill fur mak ing its provisions law; while on the other hand, if by pos sibility his Excellency should intend to assume that the crown has the right, by . instructions, legislatively to enact changes in our political institutions, such an attempt should be withstood by every means within the scope of constitu tional resistance. The concession of all that the reformers demand would be dearly purchased by the admission of such a clsim, involving, as such admis-ion would involve, a sacrifice of principle, and the acknowledgment of a corre sponding future right of revocation. It would beta disgrace to accept a charter, however liberal in its prosisions, to be held on the precarious tenure which must be the result of any such terms as arc included in an assumption like this. 2. Every effort should be made to prevail on the governor to give up his scat in the Court of Policy, and in the Com bined Court, and the addition of another member to the elective section of the Court of Policy, making that section , to consist of seven, instead of five, as at present, or six, as ' proposed, should be strenuously urged. 3. The committee would further suggest, by way of addi tion to the changes mentioned in the Instructions, that, in actor lame with the precedents to be deduced from those representative institutions which the reformers desire to sec established, there should be a general election of the elec tive members of the Court of Policy every three years, and it should be clearly defined that the right of adjournment both of the Court of Policy and the Combined Court is in future to rein with these courts respectively, and net to de pend on the individual will of the governor. 4. As regards the Colleges of Electors and Financial Re presentatives, the committee will merely suggest certain altera.ions which they conceive may be advantageously made in the bill which has been introduced, for the purpose of remodelling these bodies. 5. Instead of the provision that each member shall hold his seat for three years, a general election should take place every three years. 6. As to the qualification of voters, changes should be made, so as to admit feeeholders in the country districts to qualify ou a fixed value (without reference to cultivation or rental) as in the towns; to entitle leaseholders to register, without depositing as of record, or recording their leases ; and to establish a household qualification with such a value as to rent, and such conditions as to length of residence, as may be reasonable by ceinpurison with the leasehold quali fication ; and the committee are also of opinion that the amount of value required to give a freehold qualification in the towns should be lowesed. It should be established, too, beyond a doubt, that persons qualifying, either as members or electors for either college in respect of immove able prone? ty, in which they havecither a freehold or lease- I hold interest, may so qualify in respect of any number of houses or lots of land, or of both, the aggregate amount of ' cultivation or value of which comes up to the prescribed standord ; and members should be allowed to qualify simply I from income, without restriction ss to the source from which it may be derived. 7. The provision by which it is proposed that the mem bers of the College of Electors shall be permitted to vote by proxy is objectionable in point of principle, and must necessarily not only came mistrust among their constitu ents as to the exercise of due judgment, deliberation, and discussion in their returns to the Court of Policy, but can not otherwise than lead either to an utter want of such well founded concert of opinion as is desirable in such a body, or to a still more objectionable monopoly of votes on the part of members of the college resident in town—to say nothing of other very probable evil results. It is, in short, so utterly indefensible that it seems unnecessary to offer any lengthened arguments against it: the government can scarcely press it. 8. Tho oaths now required to be taken by the mem bers of the college it is proposed to perpetuate be this bill; and, though the question may not be of much nu portance, it will still perhaps ho ;is well that an effort should be made to do away with the necessity of taking any oath except that relating to the qualification. The others are not only unnecessary, but altogether nugatory ; and it is desirable to avoid all solemn asseverations of the kind which can reasonably be dispensed with. 9. Nu permission to resign a scat should be required ; and provision can easily be made against any detrimental delay of the public business, by resignations at iucuuvenient times. 10. A, reganls the right claimed by the F.VCIIIOr of dis solving the colleges, no one of the three bodies, the Elective Section of the Court of Policy, the College of Finmeial Representatives, and the College of Elector,. should, at any time, be dissolved without the simultaneous dissolution of the other two. The Reform Committee have thus given an outline of the various matters which they conceive that the re formers should bring under the consideration of the Court of Policy, with the view of placing on their right founda tion, and of improving, as tar as possible, the measures Ito which the notice of that court has been drawn by the government. A petition embodying these suggestions will be prepared for presentation at the next meeting of the court on the '22nd inst. The committiv, in no spirit of dictation, but with the freedom and earnestness which common interests and a common cause engender and sanc tion, call upon all reformers throughout the colony, each in his sphere, however limited or humble, to join iu, and by obtaining signatures to the petition, to promote the present effort to derive the greatest amount of practical good from the changes whirls are now proposed by the government, and which arc the fruit, not mature, it it true, but still not unpromising, of the past labours of the rethrm party.— CHARLYM CONYEIf`,, Chairman of the Committee of the British Guiana Reform Asiociuticni.—Committee Rooms, September 3, 1851. LATEST FOREIGN EXCHANGES. ERUPTION OF THE VOLCANO OF MOI PELEE IN MARTINIQUE. 1 The following are some particulars of the eruption which took place in the volcanic mountains at Martinique on the Sin and Gth of August. Several exploring parties had visited the mountain cauldrons, which continue to be still the object of general attraction at Martinique. The following observations are by a correspondent of Les Antilles, who had visited the PcMc Mountain Mune& ately after the eruption: " The PeMe Mountains—that primitive laboratory of those geological substances which have contributed at dif. 1 ferent periods to the formation of the soil in the norther* 1 part of Martinique—still leaves perceptible several mouths, or craters, through which those substances are thrown up i from the bowels of the earth. Of these openings, the principal one, commonly designated the Dry Lake, is I situated on the summit of the mountain. It is large and deep, and of a circular form, opening towards the west. No other marks indicate here the presence of the volcano, now for ages extinct; although, at the side of the moun tain, about two thousand yards to the north, there has always existed a Soufriere, wills its bubbling spring of hot water, and where the purest sulphur is gathered on the ground. This is a remaining evidence of the volcano's past activity, and shows the reserve it mule, as it were, of its powers, albeit many persons considered it to be no more than an extinguished volcano. Here it is that the teat signs of its resurrection have been manifested. Foe a month before, a strong scent of sulphur had been felt to proceed from that direction, to a considerable distance, a new basin having in the meantime formed, and the de. ments of sulphur or sulphurous mud observed to have in. creased. It was evident from these signs that some new subterraneous operation was going on, conneetcd perhaps with the unknown cause of the shocks of earthquake which have been for several years multiplying in these parts, and agitating more especially . the volcanic chain of the Antilles. At length, on the nth and 6th of the present month, that locality gave sudden birth to se. veral eruptions. You know the deplorable effects they have produced, not in any material disasters, hut in the alarm they have thrown over the inhebitasits of the neighbourhood. At a quarter of an hour after mid. night, on the .sth, a tremendous detonation took place. It was variously compared by different persons, according to the greater or less distance at which they heard it ; some likened it to the sound of the quick um:nem:eta of a leas, body of cavalry, some to the rushing descent of au overflow. ing river, and others to the roar of an immense steam en. gine. In an instant all the dwellings in the neighbourhood were abandoned, every one fled precipitately, carrying away his valuables. A very strong smell of sulphur was at the same time felt as far as the town CSt. Pierre) ; and, at daylight, three immense sheaves of white vapour were Kell on the mountain rising slowly and majestical ly in the air. " Several persons wishing to obtain a closer view of the phenomenon, started from town in the course of the morning, on horseback, and proceeded as far as the estate of M. Refits, a respectable planter and member of the municipality, where they held counsel together as to the best mode of arriving at the nearest pos sible point to the volcano in action. We experieneeel a pe. remptory refusal on the part of the labourers whom we had requested to show the way to the mountain, they declaring the enterprise to be imposeible, or at le ust fraught with Peril. They proposed, however, to conduct us to the river side, where they said we might, at a safe distance, fully en joy the spectacle, or take a sketch of it, as an officer of the gendarmerie, the first who arrived on the spot, had done. A thick mist which hung over the mountain, preventing us from seeing anything clearly, we were stimulated by natural curiosity to advance a step further sir the study of a phew mown toward, which the whole attentiou of the population hail been drawn. Oneof the labearers, seeing our deter mination, generously said at last, . Well then I shall con duct you.' We had no difficulty in bringing him to under stand that our intention was in uo wise to throw ourselves into the jaws of the volcano, but wily to approach it up to the nearest point at which its mephitic exhalations might he borne. We were thus enabled to proceed on our adven turous excursion. Our guides, it is said, lotions entering on the hazardous expedition, devotionally counted their heads, thus confirming the excellent reputation fur civilisation and piety borne by the labouring cLies ~ f the above-nanualeetate. " Oar course lay up-hill, and we hail to lv.afin by clam bering up an acclivity which hail been newly cleared of hushes. The soil, saturated by the deluging rains we have lately had, slipped trader our every step, and we were only able to keep our legs by the aid of our sturdy walking. sticks, the indispeneible companion of all who travel iu the mountains. This first trial proved too much for one of our party, who lost patience and prom:eclat no further. Wo soon got into the woods. To persona acquainted with tho virgin forests of our country, it will be easy to understand what difficulties have to be encountered by those that are bold enough to venture into theta. it passage had to bo cut along by the cutlasses of our guides, and our principal businms was to look out for suitable foot-ground. At times the ascent had to be pursued in a direction almost perpen dicular ; at other times we had to travel the some hill hori zontally, a course which is far from being the less danger ous, for every step is eminently liuble to a stumble, and Heaven knows to what a dreadful depth one ouch false step would inevitably lead. All these difficulties were, however, predominated by the salutary dread of the serpent —a feel lug which never departs from the Martiniquau in his country. As the distance from the voleuno di minished, its roar assumed the greater intensity—at times rising instantaneously, as we mounted any of the numerous 1 ridge, we had to pass over. The fatigue, though great, was comparatively unfelt in our ardour to attain the desired end. At length, alter an hour and 41 half of active oxer. else, what was our astonishment to Mud ourselves arrived at the very seat of the awful object, without being burnt, or knocked down by stones, and without the stoppage of respi ration. Other pens more practised than mine must describe such a scene. For my part, I shall confine myself to as quaiuting you with the impressiois it made upon me; it was Is feeling neither of astouiehment, of auunration, nor of fright, but a veritable impression of sadness, analogous to that which is produced on the mind by disasters occasioned by nature or the hand of man, such MA the results of a vio- lent earthquake, the sight of an edifice burnt to ashes, or • hurricane or whirlwind. ," In this desolate spot lay the patent evidences of the re volution which the mound had undergone ten hours before. The place was everywhere covered with a sort of grey liquid loam of an offensive smell, which also laid its wash upon the trunks, branches, and foliage of the cit. cumjacent vegetation, even to the must lofty trees, which, thus plastered up, seemed to bend down eh...lea:telly towards the side opposite the line of the volcanic openings. lire, the sulphurous odour rose with very great intensity, like the strong smell of burnt gunpowder. it is siugular the ' animals of the forest had nut entirely abanelumel this spot of desolation. At a very short distance we could hear the melodious notes of the bird called " sittleur de montagnes " (the mountain whistler), arid on the very edge of the volcanic mouth we saw a living grasshopper. " The order of disposition of the se volcanic or (unions issues is remarkable. They are arranged to the number of seven or eight, in a right line, of which, unfortunately, we were unable to ascertain the orientation, being unprovided with a compass, and unable to see the sun. 'I hey lie in a narrow passage or circular gully. The first mouth which offers itself to the view, is the smallest of the number, and the one more easily observes'. It is like large cauldron, wherein is seen in active ebullition a dark matter of the consistency of molasses. Wu tried to aster taM its temperature by memos of a small thermometer, but which got broken, and produced no result; yet it nary he assumed, although the substance in ebullition contained sulphur, that its temperature exceeded that of boiling water. One of the party attempted to try it with his flai -1 ger, but nu sooner had he dipped it in than he very quickly drew it out again. A bottle which had contained excellent cognac, was tilled with this liquor, to lie submitted to che mical analysis. We await the decision of science, as to I what proportions it contains of vegetable earth, water, sill.- ' cate of alumina, of potass, or of lime emetic pas, or sul phuric, chlurohydric and carbonic acid, de. On arriving at the place we remarked that the articles of silver we had about us were tarnished (irises), sad those of iron were completely oz 3 dated. ' the other intermediate openings were from four to five I feet in diameter. The last that we were able to examine is the most important. We found it impossible to ascertain its length, owing to the steam and gas which escaped copiously from it, with a hiss and roar as from a steam engine. Its width may be from Id to 18 feet. I think, although its depth has not been found, that it may he of WOW 30 feet. fhe large trunk of a tree, which had fallen into it on being deprived of its bed of soil by the force of the eruption, was still to be seen in it ; and wo also saw a cluster of branches which did not appear to have yet car bonised. During the five or six minutes that I remained contemplating this boiling whirlpool, endeavouring to make out its depth, I observed what I should say wi re two waves of gravel pushed from below, but diagonally, and striking with violence against the left side or wall, then falling in again. If the motive power in this instance had hem greater, and the action had proceeded directly upwards, we might have had an eruption of more ructions, but an explorator the less. Favoured as was our enterprise by the direction of the wind, which blew the steam away from us as fast as it gathered, we coald not think of quitting the spot before wo had exhausted every effort to ascertain the Inuits of the great opening. To this effect we clambered up to ono of its sides which was still covered over with the nasty mud of which I have spoken, holding on by the drooping plants which overhung the chasm. All we could observe was, that we now stood on a narrow cape, with the steep side of the gulf to the left, and a sleep and perpendicular precipice to the right, the ltivikm Claire running below it into the Riviere Blanche. To this circumstance must be attributed the muddiness observed in the water of this river, the colour of which corresponds with the muddy productions of the volcano. ' After this it only remained for us to go to the Soufriere, properly so called, where we should have discovered the origin of the two other larae sheaves of smoke seen from the town. The group which I have described forms perhaps hut a portion of the nearest sheaf. But it was absolutely impossible to advance one step further, the line of the l eruptions being, as stated by our guide, placed exactly on the way to the Soufriere ; and, from a distance, it was im possible to make out anything. We were therefo re obliged ; to beat a retreat, and return to our head-quarters at tho estate of M. Ruffin, where, in the absence of tho proprietor, ' his representative, Mr. Come Medici, already favourably known to his fellow citizens as having at the last award I gained one of the prizes for industry and good manage ment, showed us the most liberal hospitality. " The mist having somewhat dissipated, wo were now enabled to review the general aspect of the surrounding country. All the trees of the forest were to a great dis tance covered with the ashes of bluish grey cast up at the outset of the eruption, and which had lallen even on the houses in town, in some measure resembling the rime or hoar frost of temp:rate climates, but rather dull and scanty." PARIS, Ocr. t. For rar AMMAL - - night* i Lowed I off. 3 per Cents. ...1 S 6 10 ; 3 per Wats. ........1 91 83 I A per Cent, 04 do. New Lora 3 per 46.nta. ....... • 1 ...... I ....• I ..... Caen Inge as London t at sled . , 25 25 ; 90 day., 2$ 74. Belgian, 6, 11110 lO3 Ilont7. Naples Relnes 1.6.4 3, 10,2 — ... Human Juan, 1031 ... 744 ... Do. 44 Dn. 24 Piedmont 3 o.4Xitts. 79 00 Bank Snares PAX'S, Orr. B.—St. Germain, —; Versailles (rigl.t bank), —; ddtn (left bank', 214 73; Pans NW Orlosns, 1,61; Paris and Rouen, 570; Bourn and Havre, 215; Maraeille. and Anenon. 213; Strasbourg and Bale, 150; Centre, 120 21 ; Bou logne and Amiens, —; Orleans and Bordeaux, 385; Northern, 451 75. Pan. and Strasbourg, 312 SO; Tours and Santee, 261 23 ; Kaater;su and Troyer ; h 75. (By Electric Telegraph.) ANTWERP, Ocr. B.—Five per Cent. 31kalliques, 76 ; ditto Ardoins, 141. Three per Cent. Interior, 35 7-16. Russian Four-and-a-Half per Cents., —. Exchange on London, 2.5.271. BRUSSELS, Ocr. B.—Belgian Five per Cents., 100; ditto Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 911; ditto Two and-a-Half per Cents., 501. Exchange on Lon don, 23.271. HAMBURG, OCT. B.—Three !per Cents. Interior, 331 ; ltussian Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 961. FRANKFORT, OCT. B.—Five per Cent. 'Meld liques, 751. Three per Cent. Interior, 35 9-16. Ex change on London, 119; on Vienna, 991. VIENNA, OCT. B.—Five per Cents., Nletalliques, 93; Exchange on London, 12.01 ; on Paris, 143. Agio on Gold, 271 ; ditto Silver, 201. 11E10.1x, OCT. B.—Voluntary Loan, 103:. Na tional Debt, 88i. ENGLISH CHURCH AT CENEVA.—The ceremony of laying the first stone of the English church at Genera took place on the Ist. It was performed by the Bishop of Winchester, assisted by his lordship's chaplain, the chap- lain of the English church, and the members of the com mittee. There was a large number of persons present, con sisting of some English families of distinction who arc I staying at Geneva, and many inhabitants of the town. A FIGER CAT.—A very strange occurrence took place in the Diego Martin Ward, on the night of Wei:lnes. day, Aug. 27.—An old black woman, living in a wretched hut in the outskirts of the village, was roasting some corn at her fire at about the hour of midnight, when a large tiger cat, which had entered the hut unnoticed, ' sprung upon her, and proceeded to lacerate her with its teeth and claws in a most ferocious manner. There were two other human inhabitants of the hut, a woman (younger I than the one attacked) and her child. This woman climbed 1 up with the child to a kind of " gm:tier " in the hut out of the way of the tiger cat, and screamed loudly for assistance. I The but being, however, far from any other habitation, no one came, and the old woman had to defend herself from the attacks of the animal, in the course of which she was I mangled in a most pitiful manner, until four o'clock in the 1 morning, when the cries of the two women at last brought . some of the inhabitants of the village to their succour. On hearing these people approach the animal made its escape. The old woman was found bathed in blood, and presented such a shocking appearance, that it was at first thought she could not survive, but she has received surgical assistance and is now convalescent. This is the first instance in this colony, we believe, of a tiger cat attacking a human being. —l'ort of Spain Ga:eitc. ROME AND ANCONA RAILWAY.—The Roman govern ment has guaranteed six per cent. upon the capital of 20 millions of Roman scudi (120 millions of francs) for the Rome and Ancona railway. The line which is to connect Tuscany with Bologna and the Lombardo Venetian pro vinces is also to be commenced without delay. DEATII OF A FOREIGN CoMMISSION AGENT.— Yesterday afternoon an inquest was held before Mr. W. Baker, the coroner, at the Baker and Basket Tavern, Leman-street, Whitechapel, on the body of Mr. Hiram &harp, aged 2G, who died very suddenly. The deceased was a native of Holland, and was a commission agent in the service of Messrs. White and Son, Chcapside. He belonged to the Jewish persuasion, and was subject to asthma. The deceased fasted in accordance with his religion from Sunday evening until half-past six on Monday night, when he retired to rest. At an early hour on the following ' day, the deceased was discovered lying on his back in bed, foaming at the mouth, and apparently dying. Mr. Liddell, the surgeon, was called in, but the deceased was then dead. Mr. Liddell was of opinion that the deceased had died from disease of the heart, and the fasting so long was calculated to accelerate death. The jury returnedu verdict of "natural death." 36 13 36 IS I $ 3 90 1 II 0 191 90 9l 99 I 91 63 I 111 73 ~~