The Express. — London, England, 1847-03-13 00:00:00

there was any ground for the statement made by the noble and learned lord ; the reflection thus cast upon a highly respectable body of men was as unnecessary as it was unjust. This declaration of the noble earl l e d to a personal altercation between the two noble k n ee, sad to a scene of considerable excitement and confusion —of disorder upon a point of order— which having subsided, Lord BROUGHAM as serted that his information came from Liverpool, I who had satisfied themselves of the fart h e harstaTed from the mouths of the paupers them selves, which parties, if examined upon oath, would confirm every word to which he had given utterance. Ilia Bari of DESART thought the notil and learned f t er a wa /ht to give notice of his intenti es of bringing charges against Irish landlords, in or 'er there wu any foundation for them that they might have an opportunity of rising themselves on their d e fence, but if without foundation, he begged to re mind the noble and learned lord, (that great and varied as were his abilities, even his ia-casme could not interest their lordrhies when so often repeated, and which would ultimately sink into contempt before the powerful influence of truth. Lord BROUGHAM replied that his only object was to endeavour to awaken the Irish landlords, and the I r i s h people at large, to the absolute necessity of pro viding for their own poor, and not lo,k to England for the support of the Irish people. The Marquis of L A secowse, in a powerful speech, defended the coarse pursued by the government, and resumed his seat amidst loud cheers. Viscount STRANGFORD, in an explanatory address, begged to ask whether there would be any objection to produce the communica tions wh i c h h a a taken place since the death of WILLIAM IY., between the governments of England and Hanover on the subject of the dire puted right to the possession of certain crown jewels. The Marquis of LANSDOwNE, after detailing the proceedings which had taken place in reference to the subject in questi in, said, he must most decidedly object to the production of the correspondence asked for by the noble viscount, trusting their lordships would agree with him that the matter ought to be left to that just and equitable decision to which both the illustrious persons interested were disposed to defer. In the House of Commons, Lord Joan RUSSELL, is answer to lb. BAILLIE, said that the government were aware there was a great demand for corn in i France and Belgium, but that it was not intended to prohibit the exportation of corn from this country, because it would be a sure mode of prevent ing corn frtm being imported into it. If the import- ing merchant had security that he might bring his corn to England for consumption or take it to another market, be would be likely to bring it to this country as his place of import, but if he were told that his corn once here could not be re-exported he would be very likely to avoid the British market altogether. The noble lord, in answer to Sir R. Pair, said with respect to Capt. Warner's long range, that the minutes of the officers who had tested the Invention, should be laid upon the table, if he found the y could be produced without inconve nience. Mr.Hawr.e, in reply to a question from Mr. Vesey, as to whether it was intended to afford govern ment assistance to free emigrants to reach their des tination after debarkation, said, that under the advise d the emigration agents, those who had been instru mental in sending out emigrants usually had pro- vided them with the means of sending the parties on to the interior on their arrival in the colony, this sys tem had worked well, and he had reason to believe that the additional aid proposed by the government would be found sufficient for the purpose. Mr. SHIM. is answer to Mr. Hume, as to the extra payment made by the Mint authorities to policemen for their attendance on prosecutions, observed, that it was un doubtedly a practice liable to extreme abuse, and he had given directions, as far as it was in his power, for its discontinuance. On thequestion of going into committee on the Poor Relief Ireland ihlCLord Joint ASISSILLL proceeded, at great length, to state what had been the latest proceedings of the govern ment with respect to the lamentable state of affairs existing in Ireland, and to call the attention of the house to the principal provisions of the bill, on which it was about to be called upon to go into committee. A protracted discussion ensued, in which Mr. STAFFORD O'BRIEN, Mr. P. SCROPE, Mr. GREGORY, Mr. D. BROWNE, Capt. BATESON, Sir W.MOLESWORTH, Mr. SnAw, Mr. ELLICE, and Sir . _ B. HALL took part, after which the debate was ad journed until Monday. The Drainage of Land Bill was reported, some amendments made, the maximum of any one loan fi xed at the sum of 10,0001., as pro posed by Sir JAMES GR tHAM. ONE good result, at least, has been attained by the present critical and distressful state of things in Ire land. And this is, that Irishmen are no longer banded is purely theoretic and visionary factions, blowing bubbles of many colours, and employing curious men to watch and follow them. Every Irish man is aware that a great change is about to take place, a vital remedy about to be applied, and each class of Irish has, for the first time. applied its atten tion and energies to its own peculiar interest and rights, and seems determined to plead and combat for them. This is all very natural, and very right. The landlords have collected together funds, wisdom, and parliamentary influence. The Irish towns-people have not been able to form a union, or a civic party, to counteract and oppose the landed interest; but they Ilia ready for it. Already they make their voices heard. And the Catholic priesthood, representing the interests of the peasantry, are ready to join the cry of the townsfolk against the monopoly of land and influence by a class of better birth, but scarcely richer than themselves. Amidst these, the old leaders of the Irish people in the wild-goose chase of repeal continue to complain and menace, as if they had really a crowd of followers at their backs. But, in reality, they are deserted. Lord GEORGE BENTINCK'S railway bill was a God send to these men. It united all classes in one cry after what was supposed to snit all. But parliament net entertaining that illusive scheme, the several Irish parties have fallen asunder. And it is the minister's fault, if he does not only elicit the truth and the nature of their relative claims from all, but if he does not guide his own way between them so as to act fairly and impartially, but decisively, by all classes inßeland, as well as by those in England, now mulcted for them. The minister has apparently made his resolves. The Ora is, to reduce on the 20th of March the $OO,OOO men employed on public works 20 per cent. The redaction will be continued. These labourers this thrown out of work ought to be absorbed in the illtrienltural work of the season. If they be not, what is the best, the moat feasible mode, of making the occu pier of the land employ the peasantry ? A poor-law, certainly ; a poor-law exercised and enforced, even to the exteat of out-door relief to the able-bodied, at the discretion of the government and the poor-law com missioners. The landlord interest of Ireland exclaims against so terrible and dictatorial a power. And, we own, with some reason ; for, if wielded arbitrarily or ignorantly, it certainly might be converted into a complete met iers of confiscation. But, considering the way in which Irish landlords have hitherte been treated by the govern ment, there is little fear of that. And the new bill gives them the strongest guarantee against it by allowing the magistrates and landowners of the district to fern, u ex-oficin members, one half the numbers of the boards of guardians. Now, whilst the landlords protest against the poor-law and out-door relief, the • Sidi-landlord party in Ireland petition against the increase of ex-officio guardians, which, they say, will nullify the action of the poor-law. We have long since expressed the opinion that a poor-law, however likely to work well in the east and north of Ireland, would be impracticable, unless meek modified or supported by extraneous aid, in the south and weet Besides, what an Irish poor law is, or may be, until acts of settlement and "Wang be drawn aft and passed, is difficult to tal. Mere are multitudes of Irish, far poorer than the poor, far more miserable than the 'we*, who grow up on the sea shore, or on the skirts of bogs, being ignorant of labour, and not knowing how to wield even a spade. Mr. Busetro ADAIR describes them in his pamphlet. These, when the potato fails, crowd into towns, and swamp them, sad would completely swamp every rustic union. The published accounts of the proportion of rates paid by the city of Cork and the town of Killarney, demon etr►te this state of things. How these destitute masses are to be dealt with, we know not. Extend ing the district to the union will not sulfas to equalise burdens such as these, whilst such exten. ace would deprive the Irish landlord of the chief stimulus to exertion. kiLL Lord Jonz RUMELL, in his speeoh, states that he looks to the severing of the small cottier from his' small portion of land as one r...eult of the failure of the potato, and that this immense close, forced to turn daily labourers for hire, may not always find it, and may thus come upon the poor-rates. Such a prevision is certainly well founded, end the minister adds, that the occupiers of the ground would prefer em ploying sash men to feeding them from the rates. Now, we greatly fear that the resolve of the landed occupiers will be precisely what it has been heretofore, viz., neither to give such labourers work, nor to put them on the poor-rates, but to give a rood or a quarter of an acre of potato ground. This will keep the "loor from the rates in good Tears, and, in bad ones, English aid will probably be looked for, as at present. These, and a very great many reasons, lead us to fear that a poor-law alone will not solve the riddle of Ireland, unless other means be simultaneously em ployed to relieve the labour market, and unless the dictatorship, which all admit to be necessary, conde scends to more minute and special ordinances, than the mere decree of giving the poor a right to be fed out of the property of the land. In giving the poor the right, we must supply the rich with the skill and science, and in some instances with the power to meet it. It is proverbial that there is truth in jest, and we say with Punch in all seriousneas, "It would be a delightful item to read amongst the subscriptions to the Irish and Scotch destitute fund: " The AboUboa of the Osme4owe —1,000,000 busheLs of wheot." But great as is the amount of human food destroyed in this country by game, that by no means measures the extent of the evil. There is a par liamentary.paper lately issued which discloses, in part, the wide spread demoralisation caused by the game-laws amongst our working population in the rural districts. This consists of the abstract of " a return of the number of persons convicted of any I offences against the game-laws at any petty sessions, quarter see ions, or assizes; specifying the penalties or punishments inflicted, and in which county, and upon whose property the offenoes were committed," This is in continuation of a similar return made in 1814. That from some cause or other this return does not show the whole of crime arising from the game• law, we shall presently show. Yet it does show a number and severity of punishments inflicted for the preservation of game which is perfectly astounding. Daring the years 1844, 1845, and part of 1846—for the return was made before last August —no less than ELEVEN THOUSAND THREE HUNDRED AND NINETY-TWO persons were convicted in England and Wales of offences against the Game-laws !! Of these, 11,006 convictions occurred in England, and 386 in Wales. Of the English convictions, 209 took lace at the Assizes, and 10,797 at Petty and Quarter Sessiaas, or before judges deeply, passionately inte rested in game preservation. The number of poachers convicted by game-preserving squires, sitting as judges in their own cause, in England, cannot average less than 4,000 ; for the 10,797 of the return were convicted in less than two years and a half, and the returns from several of the counties omit altogether the convictions at Petty Ses sions. It 111 impossible to contemplate the conduct of the landocracy with regard to game and the genie laws without wonder and awe. It is sheer fatuity. Thousands are dying of famine in Ireland, because food-corn, cannot be obtained in sufficient quantities ; seed-corn is not to be purchased in Ireland for money. Yet landlords persist in the preservation of game to the destruction of several millions of quarters of grain yearly. Last year, from the extreme dry ness of the season, was peculiarly favourable to the increase of game, so that not only was there vast de vastation committed by these noxious vermin on the farmers' crops last harvest, but we hear that the injury the young wheats have received from game I throughout the country during the late severe winter, is quite without parallel. A tenant farmer in Wiltshire, for instance, writing to the Reonomist, stye that he has had seventy acres of wheat eaten completely bare by rabbits and hares, and that with the most favourable season for its recovery, his loss will certainly be, on the most moderate estimate, twelve bushels per acre. And then, beyond this destruction of produce, we have the drar demoralisation of our rural popula tion indicated by the returns above referred to, and all this for the protection of the 'port of a few per sons who require such barbarous means of dissipating ennui. A closer examination of this return will show some results which cannot fail to influence the public to call for the obliteration from our statute-book of every vestige of a game-law, the visible remnant of feudal domination. Of the persons convicted at the assizes, 48 were sentenced to imprisonment with hard labour for terms varying from one year to two years; and 34 persons were punished with transpor tation for terms varying from seven years to the whole period of life. Doubtless in many of these cases the offence was accompanied by violence ; but that is not necessarily the case, for if a man who has been twice convicted—and a labourer once convicted of poaching almost of neces sity resorts to poaching for subsistence—shall be found on any land with any gun, net, engine, or other instrument, for the purpose of taking or destroy ing game," he must be transported for seven years, or imprisoned and kept to hard labour not exceeding two years. Another point which strikes one on perusing the return, is the great number of persons sentenced to various terms of imprisonment, " and to find sureties.' Thisis,perhaps, of more frequent occurrence in Buck inghamshire (a county singularly game-ridden) than in any other county; and es we shall have occasion to refer to the Bucks returns for other objects, we will take an illustration on this point from thence. There is, however, constantly to be met with in the return this entry : " Fourteen days with hard labour, and to find sureties for one year; and, in default thereof, to he impri soned further for six months." The disproportion between the sentence of 14 days for the substantive offence, and the six months further imprisonment for the consequential crime of being unable to find sure ties not to poach again for a year, is so monstrous as to shock any mind bat that of a game-preserver. Yet this is the statutable punishment for poaching by night, or being found on any land with any engines for taking or destroying game. A second offence subjects the o ff ender, besides the punishment proper, to the necessity of finding sureties not to poach for two years, or, in default, to one year's additional imprisonment This was mentioned by Mr. PHILLIPPS, the Under-Secretary of State, when exa mined before the Game Committee, an a source of the most cruel oppression. It is obviously a mockery to require sureties for a poacher, for he at ones be comes a marked man amongst the game-preserving squirearchy of his neighbourhood, the farmers scarcely dare to employ him, and he has no choice but to poach again or go to the union. And, in fact, most of the men convicted of night poaching do undergo the additional imprisonment Another remark upon the return is, the constant recurrence of the names of individual landowners as persons on whose property the offences were com mitted. Thus we find Lord SALISBURY in Hertford shire, the Dukes of Newcorrtz and PORTLAND in Nottinghamshire, the Earls of ELDON and DIGBY in Doreetshire, the Marquis of Ex rrsa in Northamp ton and Rutland, and the Dukes of RUTLAND and CLEVELAND in several counties, are regular and con stant suppliers of poachers to the several goals of their districts. This furnishes illustrations of the large amount of evil one man may inflict upon a corn , comity. There is another name, worn by a noble, more cunning than his compeers. The Duke of BUCK INGHAM is notoriously the largest preserver of game in the county, perhaps in England, and contributes more than all the rest of the local preservers to keep the poachers'wing of the county gaol tenanted; yet his name does not once appear in the returns. There are blanks for the names of the owners of land on which poaching has happened, but his grace's now here appears as an open evil-doer by means of game preserves like the other noblemen before mentioned. Yet it was given in evidence before the Game Committee that there are many farms on his grace's estate of which at least a fourth of the yearly produce is consumed by game. There is one name frequently appearing in the Berkshire returns which it is impossible to observe without the most poignant regret, namely, that of " her Majesty." Why does not some intelli gent person about the court bring . the game law evidence—ft has been published by OROOMBRIDGE in a convenient form—under the personal notice of the Queen ? Sure we are that if her Majesty had the slightest notion of the waste, misery, ara4 mime game preservation and the game-laws create, the royal domains would cease to be preserved. 4 i • THE EXPRIOIS, SATURDAY EVENINO, MARCH 13, 1847. PROJECT FOR SHORTENING THE GERMAN ROUTE FOR THE INDIAN OVERLAND MAIL. Under the above heed wo read the following in the Augsburg Ca:Me of the 6th inst.:—ln a supplement to No. 34 of the Augsburg Gazette of the present year, there is a comparative table of ten different routes between readen and Alexandria. It result, from this table that the sea voyage between Trieste and Alexandria takes 144 hours—by the five trials it took 1374, whilst between Marseilles and Alexandria, the distance being 200 sea. miles greater, it takes 196 hours, thus leaving on this point an advantage of 2 days and 4 hours to the German route. The trials between Trieste and London were done in hem 96 to 140 hours.* An ave rage of 120 hours may be fairly taken ; and if we count 141 hours frum Ale:Ludes& to Trieste, the whole time requisite would be 264 hours; whilst by Mueilles, according te the official journals, it can never be done under 240 hours. Con- aidering the immense advantages the English government I would derive from a sure and more speedy communication with its Asiatic possessions, and the benefita that would accrue to English commerce, it hi not to he wondered at that great interest is manifested in the results of Waghora's trials. When we consider that the sixth and last trial has corroborated the others, and also estimate the uncertainties of the French route ; when we view the political position of England toward France, and the importance to the former country of one of it, lines of oriental communication, it will be easily conceived that public opinion in England will give a decided vote in favour of the German route, and that the French route will be gradually abandoned. We are per- seeded that this will shortly be the case. Then arises the i question, which road end what means of transport are to be chosen to reduce to the snsalle-t possible time the distance between London and Trieste. If the French route is to be dropped, the route front London to Ostend, already one of the speediest means of communication between England and the Continent, moot be preserved. This is in junction with the railway from Ostend to Cologne, which is open. Front Cologne to Trieste, through middle and southern Germany, on tbli route hitherto followed, through Tirol or Salzburg, there have - been but short communications by steam (the speed of which does not exceed extra-poet travelling) on a few un connected railways, the greater part being by common roads. That such a mesas of transport, when the means of convey ance are so often changed, must oceasion mach loss of time, needs no further proof'. A more speedy and complete system is requisite by means of a connected line of railways. Such a connected line of railways will be completed before the end of the present year, between Cologne and Vienna, passing by Hanover, Berlin, and Breslau, and, at the same time, the railway between Trieste and Vienna will be com pleted, with the exception of the section between Gloggnite sod Idiirmusehlog over the Siimmering, and of that between Laibach and Trieste. The annexed tables (I. sad II.) give further explanations. From these it will be men that, at the end of the prase* year, between Trieste and Ostend, there will onl be 22 miles of road (1014 English) whilst there are 290 miles, d 1,337 English) of connected railway, sad that the endre" istance from London to Trieste, proper measures being taken, may be done in 77 hours, or 3 days 5 hours. If we add three hours for eventualities and delays, which ought to be provickd against, we find that 3 days and 8 hours tithe maximum of the time required.t Circumstances will be still more fares rabie at Uwe sod of 1849, as then the new railway from Dresden is Prague, as also that from Vienna to Trieste, will be finished, and, tak ing the:route by Dresden, Prague, and Bruen, 19 lam (874 English) will be saved. Founded upon these incontestable data, the second table shows that 68 hours, or, if we add 4 hours for eventualities, 70 hours, or 2 days 22 hours, may be regarded as the maximum of the time requisite between London and Trieste, or 8 days 22 hours from Londo n Alexandria ; thus gaining 2 days 18 hours on the Marseilles route. It must, therefore, be assumed that the overland mail, to make sure of the shortest and most regular means of Co. sore through Germany, must, in future, from 1847 to INC follow the route marked nut in the fint table ; end, after 1849, that in the second table. As to the;Pdarreillee route, con sidering its incapability of o , mpeting with that through Germany, even when the means of conveyanee between Trieste and Cologne were so imperfect, it must be left altoge ther out of the question. L—Boon DOOM LONDON 10 . TIMM AND TICS Vina• ip Ocroous, 1647. Mimeo. Time togalrod. A.-1. From Lewin by railway to Banyysto by siemor Is Obtoad wader ordinary clrouto -61611666.10112166 6 b. L Pam slastar Is rellway — 30 ss. L—lbeis ls 'lsms by railway. I. worn 4 212 OS lbw. I. =lt l6l 113 136 30 4. Msgibbss, I li t il = 306 67 S. Bruin to Vises 2Bl 31 „ • At the rated 971 miles per hoar llOl 79 Eng.m. $9 h. 60 as. O. Crowing the line from Cologne to Deata — 10 ra. 7. Champing lines at Magdeburg — SO in. S. Ditto at Berlin — asln C.—From Vienna to Trieste. a. On railways. 1. From Vienna to Gleaning 40 10 J. From Mormoschlag to Wheat 169 01 Total 235 111 Eat. m. From London to Tritons per rail 1226 110 Eng. us. in h. SS EL b. On high roads. I. Gloggnita to Muratori:Oa( (mountain) 2. L o iterh to Total 101 42 flag. m. 9. 233 11 mile. at 374 miles per hour esU :6 h. 30 sa. 10. lam of time, eventualities, &c.-1 mla. 44 miles (4 h. 30 ra. 11. 101 miles high road IL Loam of time at Gloggalts, Murmuchlw, sad Wheel; each time 23 min I la. 13 m. Total time ?tom London to Trieste Casualties overlooked 3 It. 40 ro. 771. 11.—Rom mom Lawn,. roTpaira AND Vzc Vasa& DI ... ...--- .-- Sao,- --._ __ .._ ___ 1649. Distances- Tins. A.—Tivin TAM= to 0464011, vide Tibbs L B.—Owned leTt e ta d alvsy. 1. 0•6144149 2. Magibeig le S. Drabs 119 Poem . -.. 4. Posen Drew, Uses 344 63 „ 5. Mem Is Trisea U 4 $7 „ 1100 17 Eng. /A. At the rabbet 274 millet the base , 49 h. 10 te. Meet 1 ids per I mike fer *soft the Ws hem Colleise i t= ..... 10 m. Ob. 4 21. CramMee WY. - •by 100 to 110 hours. In summer it can be dune le 90 hegira, and serer took 140 boars. Six miles, or 174 English, ere ealeulated to the boar on the rail rrays, • geed, odds the Adfferr, Gazette, which express trains along can attahr. VENICE.—A letter from Venice Mates that the British consul at that city bad complained to the British consul.genersl that vessel, laden with grain for the linclieh goeernment had been detained by the Austrian authorities. GERMANY. VIENNA.—A letter from Vienna in the Augsburg Gamine states that Austria seriously con templates a reduction of her army as a means of reducing the expenses of the military budget. A mined commission has been named for the purpose. Nevertheless rase/atm will be taken that in ease of war a large body of troops Gan be assembled immediately. Different reports have been given of the new loan contracted in Vienna ; the following fawn a correspondent of the Augsburg Gassits is seessingly • correct one : The amount of the new loan contracted with the banking-houses of Rothschild, Sinai, Arnstein, and with mutual guarantee, is 80 million florins at 105, Zr ::14 40 millions as has been erroneously stated, so that theeellnie amount to be paid to the trelemey by tha three alialholik houses will be 84 millions. It is in the option of the dove banking - houses to issue either for the whole sne 6 pee eel& metalliques, or half at 24 per cent. T i l b tayments ante be made in 66 monthly rates, to begin o let of Jame of the present year. • - et dee GERMAN AL character of a people mg be soma tram lissierrtisensists in their papers. The appear hi as kips to be sentimental or easiglilmesgilag even in their newspaper ad vertisements, which aestain elegies for the Vet', con gratulations for birth-days, and various other pri matters, with which one would think the public hart no ONYX= whatever. The Cologne Gazette contained some curium (ad vertisements lately, from which we cull a few specinars;— " We beg Herr Pourer for a repetition of ' Linda ; • ar, "To Herr Gerstel—We should like to see aria is the character of Mekhiar." Signed, "Two' from Wiesbaden." Compliments and aritkansa aro slimad actresses in a similar style. Cengrondielleme en Weilwdays are common ; the following are two saagda: "Tiailest fat friend and his good wits in Mears, I wish mesh as the birth of their first daughter." " Many good IM Mdl e. treatises, on this her birth-day, frees hetpied friends in Cologne." Inossilcs, against personal enemies, frequently 14= 1 ..% ow& ad vertisements the following axe mild spesimene: "Sada I Why so pale ? Do you tremble at the ward I'. /*tier is in rhyme: "The owl avoids the light of day, And Mils hinted sight; Like who never display His actions in the light." The following is aimed at some parsimonious gentlemen " Is it not the duty of gentlemen, when they receive a bar rel of ale from the brewer to treat the potters to a quart ? Signed by several brewer's porters." The advertisements for maid-servants are generally brief, only laying stress on " good sewing and ironing;" but sometimes religion is included, as in the following:— "Wanted, a solid, young, evangelical maiden of all work." The nest two refer to some delicate stabs. " Sir lichert,—l beg you will let me know the contents of the billet you have received by the postillion d' amour." "To T. N. Must I not see you until Sunday ? Ab, diet yea could know how tediously the hours will pees till the time arrives which will be the most importair (may I hope the happiest also?) in my whole life ?" (No. 49). —lsor the pg. kpigag we can find no description " Wanted a started, and intodo-os maiden, WI housekeeper to is':gle . gentleman ; All applicatiinui arm be owe (scaled) G. D D.' (Coigns amass, Feb. Wed, 1847.) . AMERICA. ( FOUR DAYS LATER. ) Yesterday the Virginia, Captain Allen, arrived in the Mersey, bringing New York papers of the 13th and the three previous days. Our correspondent's letter vets forth the leading topics and latest news which they contain. NEW YORK, Fen. 13, 1847. The naw steamer Sarah Sands, of Liverpool (her Ana voyage), arrived here on the afternoon of the 10th inst., haling ma& the run in 21 days, notwithstanding some heavy gales and head-winds, during which she behaved ad minibly, ond the mew worked to the perfect satiifection of Capta peon in Th.lMmid the engineer. She is. indeed, a splendid vessel, magnificently fitted up, and, as you are doubtless aware, owned by Meese. Thomas and Joseph Southland Co. it Liverpool, and Captain Thompson, her able and relapeCted commander. The Sarah Sands is greatly admired hy all our ship-builders here, and the owners of the hitherto Oluivalled packets from this port to Europe see in her reocesuful voyage a significant hint that unless they look sharply about them, and keep pace with the "go-a head " spirit of the age, the establishment of a few more screw-steampeopellen on the Liverpool line will go far to wards wresting from them the best part of the passenger traffic left •by she mail steamers. The passengers by the Saraltfilands a meeting at the City Hotel, on Thum de', wheriaz usly agreed to present a piece of plots to Caoo, in testimony of their entire sa tisfaction Ids eeedOst during the voyage. Mr. Calhoun's speech is the Senate, on the war with Mexico, has created • powerfal sensation. As your columns will, probably, be largely occupied with the deb des in parlia• meat, when dm American papers emestaining it reach you, the following condensation of its leading points may be accep table :— " He was for abandoning the offensive, and as mining a detersive position. If he riglatly under cod the objects for which this war was —and strange as it might Poem, Me objects for which the war was commenced were leR, even at this late day to iaferenee—they were threefold, tint, to repel invasion; next, to establish the Rio del Norte as the western boundary of Texas; and, thirdly, to obtain payment of the indemnities due to our citizens for claims which they held spinet Mexico. The first two appeared to be the primary objects of the war, and the last only accessory. He held that all these objects could be aceempliahed by taking a de fenaive position. Two of them had been already thoroughly effected. The invasion had been repelled, and the Rio del Nane is held, from its source to its mouth, as the Amen sea boundary; a single Mexican soldier does not remain wltivia our territory. In his opinion the true policy of this country was, not to repress the power of Mexico, but, on the cog to render her strong, and capable of sustaining all those which might exist between her and other Ranee*. Ile held that there was an intimate connexion between the fate of this country and that of Mexico, and that her independence and capability were almost se essential to us as they were to Mexico. He held that Mexico was to us fbrFicidenfrisit, and that if we should consume Mat fruit, it would be almost tantamount to the polities! death of our own institutions." • Mr. Calhoun then suggested the formation of a chain of military gis ts, commencing at the mouth of the Rio Grande, extendin *ease op that river to El Paseo, and from that plaeM Gulf of California, near its head; the American Mart to hold this line on the defensive. One fort at the mouth of the river, another at C , a third at El Paseo, and Ave reginienbi, with a small na forte, would, he said, be amide for the defence of that frontier. He was not in &voltt of adding this line permanently, but subject to negedatdad He would also hold Mexican ports now in our possession, and levy moderate ditties not exceeding ten per cent on imports, to meet the expenses of defending this line, which would not exceed two millions and • quarter of dollen per wain. He thought such a policy would induce Mexico to poem, because she would see we had undertaken a task wIS ch we could perform; but even were she to hold out, we should him peace without expence, or a war without hawk. 'For what, he asked, was an offensive war t o be carried 0, if not for conquest 1 He might be answered in the language commonly employed " to conquer • pea/1W en expresaiou which, if literally considered, would rpet be to oat* war. AA yet, our army be horsily ap. p the confines of populated Mexico, contairuag iewee of inhabitants—a population ten times as ammoe as theater the country we have advanced through. Mexico proper is mountainous, full of defiles easily defended, and awe is the strength of the nation concentrated to resist our arms. The plan, as I understand, said Mr. Calhoun, is to take Vera Crux, but the country around that place is a hot 1 sad sickly region, the home of the yellow fever for eight mon., in the year. April is very sickly, March not quite so 414 y. We are now in the middle of February. Wt mm have fines enough to take Vera Crux, but shall we haul Mee enough to starch to the city oFMexieo ? And if we get there can we dictate a pesos ? And then for our means. If we do not obtain • peace we must have a guerilla warfare, such as exists between Russia and the Caucasus ; like that of the French in Algeria! Have we the Leans to meet the enormous expense ? In the first place, as to the men, let me tell you that the spirit of volunteering is gone ; that spiri , ceases when men return with broken constitutions; when men, who went for glory, return with disordered health. You will get no volunteers. Mr. Calhoun then weal Into the money question, and asked how taxes wens ,ele be imposed or paid in States which already owe 'More than they can pay ? On the subject of Slavery as connected with newly acquired terri tory,' Mr. Calhoun said he " was ant prepared to speak; it being of the most momentous importance to the country of any that had agitated it since his entrance into public life." This must be taken as indicative of his indis position to tenharran the government at present, and at the same time as a hint of the course he may adopt, if his pro position be rejected. Mr. Calhoun still votes for placing the *sof fnilliocui of dollars at the disposition of the president; but it is confidently expected that he will seize the first far able opportunity before the close of the session, to make a motion in accordance with the views he has just expressed; and, referring to the compact little phalanx— the below of power votes—he commands in the senate, he livery likely to airry it with that body. But, southern demperat though he be, the chances are much against the adorition of his plea by the House of Representatives. Apropos of the Thee Millions Bill, the veteran, John Claim, Adam., having happily remove:red from his late severe =tat was here a few days since on his way to Washington, his senatorial duties; he is as caustic as ever. Pleblic 'lts this part of the world sometimes say strange tido...of each other, and it is reported that the ex president amd exotrobaseador, on being asked what he thought wee the probable destination of the cash, promptly replied, H Oh, two millions of those dollars are for Santa Anna, and the other million for Mr. Polk." Of course supposes the honourable senator spoke seriously, tit everybody knows the president is more likely to save ey out of his salary, as such,. than to lose anything by his extravagant expenditure during his tenors of eke. One point in Mr. Calhoun's speech, not above noticed, has. I find, produced a great impression amongst the exten sion of territory men : it was where he alluded to the almost unsettled country, 6,000 square miles in extent, between Mexico and her distant province of California. It would be impossible, he said, to keep our population out of that country ; our pioneers would rush into it, unless the people in possession, a scanty population of TWINS races, and every variety of colour, were capable of keeping them out. This elear,y means, that by occupying the line he has marked out, a vast dominion may be "annexed," after the Temea fashion, at a trilling cost, and the suggestion will find greet favour with adventurers of all eons, who, like the first invaders of Texas,.piarfer living under " no goverment " to being subject Many regular code of laws whatever. Both branches of the legislature have adopted the report of the committee of conference on the ten regiments' bill, and the President having given it his assent, the act is now in fares... . . . ... 12sis /allowing notice from the Secretary of the Treasury waspablished here on Thursday. It will be emu that it, in ° W fact, seen to issue treasury notes at par, it as more can be og ler tbeee. F. Department, Feb. 9, 1947 . — Sealed memeele will be »- masa the Math day of April mkt, leakatee, hr a loan or m gdlikees et Milers, soder the em at Me ISE Jemmy last, as MVO Of tremerpastea, ha, an immeney ram to ke mid astompahis We pews am thatble et wit motes, sleet aka per mat per mile asent r teeth ell emse i ret be mil Mame et °Mem Wry Off male eem reI MMIs e=ege dletbetly, he all arm thapramiwa milleint. he bid elli be reinteel him par. Te =la =wig I. Pir 'b r i e: ille of er IM brindlat lw will be received t a w Ow lemet newa • by the law, a 1 well sa ter Mem emu. The o g eetmeet smarm the right of axing the periods when the meet le ea r net le he required be satlimes the at at or masa sag Mimeo MS the messy is Pa vow /Mak in** ban ea ha Semite* with Ow States, the Trealarer et **DIM at MU jrolllrewth Dint at New Odom, sr vith way ef the at Dem" New York, alethelnia, ads St hale.— The J. pm, Dmerf II Tremery. Theism...lP the above was to came a heavi ness in chains& and for government loans the bids were i per cent lower. The withdrawal of the charter of the Plainfield (New Jersey) Bank, had the consequent stoppage of the concern, haa Need lolls excitement here. The amount of their natcwiteindelallon is not very large, but being principally tifillait of working people, their t h e Su n pare r, exesainelk - The proprietors of the Sun newspape Y. Beach and dont, constituted " the firm;" have iteesehhairculer promising payment in full. awn arta* that Vera Cruz and San Juan d'Uloa will Ai biretta bpatemenbined naval and military fosse, wader the orders of General Scott, with General Worth, semi it comeand. General Patterson arrived at Temples es the died aM., with 4,600 men. The expedition will Men* at that place, and probably muster about 10,000 stro+TIMS General lona will succeed in his enterprise ie pew bat& ; but whether his troops will be able to hold t e r saw quota awing the sickly season—which commences in Mara —is rather donbtful. General Taylor will remain in command of the corps at hionterey. A report reached this city a few days since, that is consequeeee of Santa Anna's refusal to interfere with the church poverty in lifezioo, he bad been shot by his soh diary. The rumour has not been confirmed, and is probably astounded. The marts front England of the miring of three prira eader Monk= colours, from London, on the 9th ult., lsaeer4 110 unpleasant feeling here. 11/110unta kr the relief of the famishing poor in Ire land Isal=seidle 11011 parts of the union. An immense saismaissg was held in Washington city last TeeVeysidnor, fa enter to the raising of subscriptions for eh pupae on a national male. The remit was highly sa tidadary. A bill far ranting half a million of dollars " forthe relief of Ireland" has also been brought into Con grisly read trios, and will doubtless pant both hovel. In the Senate, yesterday, Mr. Calhoun, in reply to a taunt from I Mr. Turney, that he was "an upfront for the presidency," said the imputation that he could be governid in his course by any imputatio..s, was a groom libel upon him. WItECIL or • Sr Han. noai.—A letter from Tammco says : —" The steam-boat Cincinnati was lost on the night of the 22d ult., about 25 miles north of Tampico Bar. She had on board two companies of regulars, and two nine-pounders, destined for Soto la Marina, a little town some 40 or 50 miles to the northward. Two soldier. were drowned in th.dr attempt to reach the shore, also two pieces of cannon lost ; the remaining troops were brought again Li Tampico. The captain of the Cincinnati reports having seen, during the same gale which canted the loss of his boat, a small steamer loaded • ith men ; she looked like the Fuhion. He thinks she could not have lived through the gale, and as nothing more has been seen or heard of her, fears are entertained of her loss. The Cincinnati was sold on the spot, being high and dry, for .50 dots., and was afterwards re sold at Tampico fur 260 d..;,. Zbe (tout. The Queen and Prince Albert took their usual early walk yesterday in the pleasure grounds of Osborne-house. The royal children took their usual walking and riding ex ercise yesterday forenoon en the beach, and in the vicinity of Osborne-house. The Hon. Miss Napier, Maid of Honour in Waiting to her Majesty, arrived at Osborne-house on Thurs day afternoon. - Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent,attended by Lady Fanny Howard and Sir George Cooper, arrived at her residence, Clarence-house, St. James's, soon after one o'clock yesterday afternoon, from Fmarnore.house. Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge honourtd the Earl and Countess Granville with their company at dinner yesterday evening, at their residence in Bruton•street. Her Royal Highness the Duchess or Kent honoured the performance of the French Plays with her presence yesterday evening. A deputation including Mr. Campbell, of Islay, Mr. Ramsay, and Mr. Gibb, had an interview with the Chancellor of the Exchequer yesterday, at his official resi dence in Downing-street. A deputation of the Middlesex magistrates had an interview with Sir G. Grey yesterday at the Home Office, upon the subject of juvenile crime. Mr. Hart D►vis, Deputy-chairman of the Customs, had an interview yesterday with the Chanceller of the Exchequer. Lord J. Stuart had an interview yesterday with Sir G. Grey at the Home Office. (From last night's Gazette.) DOWNING -STREET, MARCH 12.—The Queen has appointed Viscount Torrington to be Governor and Com mander-in-Chief in and over the island of Ceylon and its de pendencies; R. J. Mackintosh, Esq., to be Lieut.-Governor of the island of St. Christopher; and J. G. Aspeling, to he Civil Commissioner and Resident Magistrate for the district of George, in the settlement of the Cape of Good Hope. ADMIRALTY, Moses IL Tha Ibliowlat promotions have this day taken place, consequent vow the death of ViowAdin. of the White N. Tomlinson :—ViewAdm. of the Blot Haw. D. P. Bouverle to be visa-edge. of the white ; Rear- Ada. of the Red R. Jackson to be vicoada of the blue; hear-Adm. of the White B. Hodgson to be tear-den. of the red; Rear-Adm. of the Bias W. Bowles, C.B. to be rear-oda. of the white. PROCLAMATION FOR A GENERAL FAST.—The Gazette of last night contains the following proclamation vicroma R.—We. Ink* into our most salons consideration the heavy Niigata, with ilia disObO Oed in pleased to visit the iainultiss oldie lasi by a Mom saw*: sad Meth of divers ar ticles at seolsruse and 111116111111111111111 Ilk art tawsbay in the mercy otnlstiebto Old Yet tavedbattallai the aan jimiinnant which He WO Sid apes sin sad epee eur style,He wilt, it we tarn to fflnt he do eseMine and pattose et heart, Oakes Hb landing bend. Matboalbre moneeK sad da, by and lbst Olt the dyke dour privy aseril. blob, esemmd apablie bat sol humiliation be elemost Ormigleest Uses orb et sr Onkel Kingdom called Segiend end Izabod. Ireinagimy, -lbartia or Meek ma limest debt Medved amt Ind4Olor tematy ihht bo day th he NM ow Moils restless bid= AUM/Pity God, In order m 'Mak robs at ear des oft ow is Ss most devout and damn maws seri war Foam steggisailoes to t our wine 1114 seep, kr Oa at time m p t ramege Odell our mud sidsims end provesedos lave meet Mood. sad under which se at die pram" Ms labor : de Ma* aloft and earn sethd. MO de @Vs hat be emeendy and Meetly tobsereed by ow kola la Solent ad Wm; es they tender the temer et Absidbed sol mid exit lis wad tad iniestion, ad toss pain et wad gmblegml es my be pare Inflicted on all esti se esteem sod t he the peribmema reous and Nessmsry a duty : And far the lathe sad mesa orderly solemnng of the mune, imbue given droller es m s ma reversed the arch- Mathias, sad the debt IIMPII•11111111 Mis of implend and Ireland, ▪ illalpon a lean drpyu =WO to Ws ocareles. lobe used in all slathethe, chapth doind iatem et public worship, end to take eire the samba Pcsely their respective dither.. Given at our dart, at Osbormsbaso thre Mol Wight, 9th Much, 1847. Is the prochimatimi tar Scotland the passage respecting tins hem of prayer is loft out, being contrary to the usages of the Presbyterian church. FARMED CITY PAUPERS. A meeting of the guardians of the City of Lyndon Union was held yesterday in the vestry-mom of Christ Church. Relegate-street, to take measurer, if possible, to prevent the erection of a poor-house ' for the paupers of the union who are now Fanned." Mr. Whiteside observed that the alteration in the Lew of Settlement had materially tended to lessen the number of paupers in the City of London ; he had drawn out a table showing that, from the year 1839 to 1846, the number of paupers in the house had decreased from 861 to 281. Under these circumstances, it would be very undesirable to erect a poor-house to hold 1,200 paupers. In 20 year, he did not believe there would be 100 paupers to oome into the house. The distance which the house must be from where the guardians resided, would entail many expenses not incurred under the present system of farming the paupers. The meet ing unanimously concurred in all the statements and opinions of Mr. Whiteside. It was then agreed that resolutions should be printed and circulated, and advertised in the Times and in the Daily Vera, to the effect: " That the building committee of the board of guardians, in their re port, have published incorrect statistical detail.. It is highly Inexpedient to adopt measures for the erection of a City of London workhouse until after mess:wee, to be proposed by Lord J. Russell, shall have been submitted to the public. That the number of paupers in this union having very much de clined, and being likely to be still further decreased by the repeal of the Law of Settlement, it is unnecessary to ex pend 40,0001. in building a workhouse in the Homerton Marshes, or elsewhere.' LONDON Menuer LEITER CARRIERS.—A meet ing of the Post-office Letter Carriers, of the London district, was held last evening, at the Pied Horse, Chiswell-straet, to hear a communication from Mr. Rowland Hill, with regard to their salaries, and to consider the propriety of laying or tain claims before the Lords of the Treasury. Mr. Clifton, the secretary, stated that the deputation appointed by them had waited on Mr. Rowland Hill on the 22nd of last month, and laid beforehim their claims for an increase of salary, &c., in answer to which Mr. Hill concurred with them in their opinion that they were very insufficiently paid; and said that something would have been done before in their behalf, but it had been deemed advisable to defer the consideration of their dolmas until the completion of the alterations in the task . Yr. *man* proposed : That die melba bat opinion that the time hr arrived for the londos DIMS Lem Curios imediately to may their grievances Ogg Ai s tar MOO lbasmiry by asmarial; and a depu.. inelneat Mho et deir lislyoeld Oleolose sad rimance of tom if BIM 111111•111•11 eft lltta.l I amp at Cantassa, pray delr WM* Is fake Keck or Me *dr swims earidersakm, and gnat Km a mob O s d lory dabs seememg es peva d so p e st by tile omblemes ef newer wiry, in their Eighinsnth Report ; sic, commodes kr their own ot retro dote, dee general pest ktter carriers big he receipt or the same for their sAil lame!. The resolution was seconded by Mr. Haynes, and adopted unanimously, and the meeting separated after some compli mentary votes bad been primed. Ctn. WARmsx's " LONG RANGE."—The following is a copy of " Report of officers appointed to mar a trial of Kr. Warner's Low Range, addrered to dm master. thaisedweee, and which was onland by the = l of Nam= to be printed on the 106 best. :- Ye thethethedal the meth Hon. the mem et Amnesty, LG.- Lesieth Dr 11, 11144.-517 Imre lituris-We have the honour to breed le pier beible, 6r the [ .. k U. of her Majesty'. yotherret.theWerri et air oroseedlep es a @matinee opponent to be~the Ogg. Werth% basseleas. Our efillation d. = bra threlserW thaeseely lo ear lerreeller) or that the no Lem Ifasp."Sko tree of weak thelc plow la your extbithts i r eVr e seervelTreei ftik eedre the Was no 'hi' Ible Woe =,llther Ileyeee4 b t o r Capt. Werner of ----- Wieles bw itea albethe wee le bin; de w eithanne m be ythee et mewl= wee teem by WNW, ar irem the dtha to be speeded morel ; flasity, atter there Ware -- air Ws pregaregem i.e =l9 there rase ell e greemoter setae lee grrort T r ent ecarnia eft tee tte earth at report that this bid pried* abet.; entLdneglven the watt; seder andarethaor the etegber We Ikea the (end Mei the arellethed rem el) the ere et eeee re the reabinty et porthee eks. this laratlea et theft erielbab ler the purl - pre et re; sal we We Aar le se erst thee the et arts nth ether be theeseend =be lea ethildth. We unit =iyi=ith teem ee b. w:e m brertenter ' i .3l l:e di Mmt d bls W " es- War" or other lavender, seta the lend ramie 1 .1.4 report is signed by H. D. Cheds, Capt. R.N., and J. A. Chalm er, Lient.-Col. B.A. -- - - THE EDUCATION QUESTION.—Sir,—I have been a reader of your journal since its origin, and have hailed in you a new friend to education and the educator. in your Edinburgh paragraph of Saturday last, however, I net • a sentiment which may be construed in opposition to your generally expressed sentiments towards the schoolmaster. In speaking of the bill for the registration of births, &c., in Scotland, you say it is likely to give satisfaction to all par ties, except, perhaps, the parochial schoolmasters and session clerks. Had I the wish, I might question the truth of this general assertion, but that is not my object. I rather allude to it u a ground for publicly stating a grievance under which school muter's groan, and which one of the provisions of said bill tends to aggravate rather than to lessen. Under existing acts, to how many menial duties are they, aa a body, bound, fee which no remuneration deserving the name is provided ? For example—l, in common with my brethren, suffer a species of bondage for enrolling claimants es voters for ALP's from the latter end of June till after the sth of August, an nually, whereby I am deprived of the opportunity of enjoy ing a fourth part of the holidays allowed me during the whole year, and for this my average remuneration is Is. per annum. Again, by a late act, lam obliged to receive plans, &c., of railwaye passing through my parish, and to have • con venient place in my house, at all reasonable hours, for parties interested examining the same, while parliament has enacted that that house shall consist of " not more than two rooms, including the kitchen ;" and for this trouble and inconve nience, what provision is made for remunerating the poor schoolmaster? I really feel ashamed to mention it. And now, I when a something is to be done that offers a prospect await, • • able remuneration, it is proposed to be reacted that, " on no occasion shall a parish schoolmaster 're appointed to the office." I ask, is thidkitut and equitable ? vo doubt there are many public duties to be discharged in Scottish parishes, which the schoolmaster alone is tatted for—and I question if, in many parishes, such will not he found to be the case with the registration duties in question—hut wherever these duti--s are impos,d, the same legislature the; imposes them should make provision for his being rewarded for his trouble. Training that you will direct attention le this in the way you deem best, I remain, A PAUOCH I At. SCHOULMASTEL—Forfarshire, March 10. ACCIDENT IN VIE ROYAL ARSENAL, WOOLWICH. —Yesterday, at the ustt +I hour, as the men b longing to the Proof Department of the Royal Arsenal were engaged under the inspector, Lieutenant-Colonel Dundee, ILA., in proving a number of eight inch guns at tee Proof Butt, one of the guns bunt with a loud report. Some idea may be formed of the force of the exploalon by the following facts —The breech of the gun, a mass of metal weighing upwards of 8 cwt., was hurled back to the distauce of 80 yards ; one of the trunnions was thrown with great violence in the direction of the convict hulk, Justine, and the other trunnion flew over the canal and fell in the Plunistead marshes, a distance of at least a quarter of a mile. Owing, however, to the admirable arrangements made by the gallant inspector, no accident hap pened to any of the men engaged in the work of proving the guns. The guns were supplied by one of the most celebrated founders, but the whole batch of forty, of the value of one thousand pounds, will, we understand, be condemned and returned to the contractor. INQUEST.—INTEMPERANCE.—By Mr. Wakley, at the Blue Post, Tottenham-court-road, on the bdy at PheebeDouglaa.—Tise evidence prose I that the deceased, who was eseemive:y addicted to drinking, ►ad had charge of the house Ns. 14, Bedford-street, Bedford-square, auil on Wed nesday evening, her husband called and rang the hell, hat was unable to make any one bear, and concluded that she was out. On the following day, ThunAluy, tbs uss.stanea of a policeman was obtained, and a pane of glass talc. Is out to open the window, and upon a search being made, deceased was discovered lying dead at the foot of the kitchen stain, the supposition being, that she had fallen there whilst ea cessivelyintbriated.—Verdiet, " Death from haul drinking." IRELAND. DUBLIN, MARCH It. The country papers have been diverted from the cry of famine to that of cultivation, and speculate very extensively on causes and consequences. The accounts vary considerably, mirth according to the peculiar tempers of the writers. (hie day hopes are held out that a greater breadth of land than could be anticipated will be under culture; that the tenants are all out in the fields, and the ground ready for seeding ; while we are cheered by the prospect of abundance, a cloud passes over the observation of the writer, and the next publication assures us, unless seed be supplied, the farmers cannot and arga/ will not sow. I mention this to account in some degree for the contradictory statements which are con stantly appearing, and take their flattering or dispiriting hues from the varying ac counts in the local journals. Ido not, however, hesitate to say that an average breadth Will be tilled; the deficiency in the potato planting, *hick will be immense, being compensated by the additional oat and green crop tillage. The landlords arc not, as a collective body, co-operating with their tenants to the desired extent. Throughout Ceunanght, and more particularly in Mayo, the county of the cottier and of conacre, it is certain that the fields will not be sown, unless the landlords interfere. Without any exaggeration, the poor creatures cannot obtain the seeding of an acre. They might, in the neighbour hood of towns and large villages, where they are known, obtain seed ox credit, but the lender has no security against the seizure of the crop, his only hope of repayment for rent and arrears. The landlords, too, are sot averse to thinning down the cottier popu lation, even with the certainty that the lands will afford no rents for a third year. The Earl of Clancarty is said to be supplying his tenantry with oats, but the principle on which the loan is made seems to be somewhat wanting in fair ness. The Galway Vindicator states that the Earl " is to be repaid according to the gaminess of the crop therefrom?' By this means the noble earl is likely to be safe; and, if Tim Sullivan has a bad crop, Paddy Blake, whose crop is good, will pay for it, This generosity seems characterised by great thrift. The Roscommon Journal is not a first-rate autho rity, which may be well inferred from a single sen tence: " We could detail upwards of a thousand deaths from starvation." Though doubting its asser tions, we may take its facts, and one is singular enough : that in the district of Ballinaelue, near Lanesborough, where seventy, it is said, have died from hunger, there is neither parish priest nor prima —church nor chapel—resident landlord nor magis trate—policeman nor soldier—relief or any other committee whatever. The brig Mercury, from Abraoth, arrived in Va lentia Harbour on Saturday last, bound to Cork from Marseilles, having on board the master, supercargo, and nine French seamen—the whole of the crew of the Jenne Elise, who were saved by the Mercury when their ship was destroyed by fire on the 26th ult., off Cape Finisterre. The crew of the French brig are in quarantine, but will get pratique in a few days. From the Cork Examiner we also learn two facts: that, from the large quantities of maim on hands, prices are retrograding ; Indian corn selling at 171., and Indian meal at 16t per ton in retail quantities; and that three vessels had just arrived in harbour laden with meal for Castlemain, Kerry, from which a a very extensive tract of country will be supplied. The number of commissariat relief depdts in Ireland are at present twenty-seven, and more are about to be established—one at Enniskillen. SCOTLAND. EDINBURGH, Msace 11. The view of the government system of education that will probably be taken in Scotland may be explained in a few words. In England, the stumbling-block to dissenters, is the use of the church catechism, which, of course, will not be insisted on here; and even al though its Scotch counterpart, the " Shorter Cate chism," were prescribed, no objection would probably be made to it, as the preshyterian dissenters use it in common with the established church. But passing from that, the ecclesiastical community may be di vided into three sections, each of whom will regard the scheme in a different light: these are the esta blished church, the free church, and the voluntary dissenters. The established church is the conservator of the parochial schools, and no change being appa rently contemplated regarding them, it will remain quiescent, and will continue to work out the scheme. 'Me free church hears of it just as Dr. Candlish has completed a most comprehensive system of education for the body, and when of course jealousy is felt at the appearnnee of disturbing elements either from government or any other quarter. Hitherto his educational plans have met with considerable support, pecuniary and other wise; but a number of his brethren are not indis posed to government co-operation, and if frankly dealt with, it is likely that moderate views will pre vail in the Free Church councils. Anything, how ever, that places it in an invidious position as regards the Established Church will create dissatisfaction, and in particular the appointment of a Churchman to the office of inspector of Free Church schools, or rice rersd would banish all harmony. Entire free dom in religious teaching would also be reckoned a sine qwi nun with all parties. Then as respects the voluntary Dissenters also, they may have schools scattered up and down the country, none of them have any organised system of education like the e,ta blished and free churches, and consequently their direct immediate interest in the matter might not excite them to much opposition; but sympathy with their English brethren may and will induce them to come forward ; and yet so many of them are so thoroughly imbued with the spirit of favour towards the governmental policy in general that probably even they will contribute lefts opposition than their English friends calculate on. Hence, on the whole, the edu cation battle will have to be fought in England not Scotland. In Aberdeen and some other quarters, the Lord Advocate's Registration Rill is looked on with an evil eve. It is complained that local registrars should be paid out of parochial funds. Accustomed for so short a time to a poor-law assessment, and having so many premonitory hints of the native -- of that impost, the ment of distension The general character reason why the whole general not local, b' looked that the cost vided for in the Scotch, and that ferential mitigation. registratioß shall serious ground of o facilities for clandesdoe A local question hints of the native expansiveilea, introduction of any extrinsic de- n naturally excites apprehension. eter of the stet • leaded as a hole burden of I, b , it ir. d.•• Coq of Erg! - • • ...jj pto= same way • for tioi no ground In. The e!aitel, ' ' -; ammtitute 4, - obji ction, as 4 fire to (114 out estine alliances: .1 • on of some interest bae joat 'teen