The Express. — London, England, 1847-10-08 00:00:00

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OUR attention has been called to various schemes for a paper currency convertible at longer or shorter dates, which are s as modes of affording prompt relief under g es e 11%g pressure. We pub lish two of them in other portions of the paper. We confess that none of them appear to promise to carry us back to the sound principles from which we have unfortunately deviated. What we have all along complained of is, the creation of a cur• rency based upon any consideration extraneous to the wants of trade. We look upon bullion in the vaults of the Bank of England, or in any other vaults, u a commodity that has its market value, and which is only entitled, to influence the currency of the country, like any other commodity, that is to say, according to the demand that may happen to arise for tt as part of the circulating medium. Gold differs from other wares, in being, when coined and easily accessible, a useful representative of other goods, which cannot pass from hand to hand with out damage or expensive carriage. But this pur pose undoubted credit will answer. This need not here be proved, as daily practice shows that it is the case. The reason why dock-warrants and wharfingers receipts are not commonly used as current symbols of value, arises partly from thew generally re presenting very large lota of goods, and, in part, from the limited number of persons who are able to test the quality of the goods. Merchandise stored or ship is, however, the foundation of all the sound 'bill business in the kingdom. It consequently is the fundamental cause of the discounts effected with, and of the issues made by, all banks, whether private ar national. The existence of gold to the amount of the bills drawn on account of all transfers from producers to consumers, is a matter of indifference, if it be net found to impede the traffic by which all subsist. The goods transferred are ultimately paid for in labour and in rent, with a sum for profit, which no man at the present day is so silly as to keep in gold. Odd these profits oar houses, railroads, ships, and other objects of fixed capital are constructed. Gold is an ob ject which no man takes but to pass away. Any substitute that will be taken does as well, and the greatest recommendation of any object selected for currency is its ultimate cheapness. We say its ultimate cheapness, because many schemes may be devised to render the national cur rency apparently cheap ; which induce insecurity and, consequently, ultimate expense. This, we fear, is likely to be the case with all systems which pro fessedly base and proportion a paper issue upon a reserve of bullion alone. It is for this reason that we object to Sir ROBERT PEEL'S currency theory. If the currency of a country ought, as we have shown, to be based upon the existence of goods to the full value of bills drawn and dis counted as sources of issue, it is manifestly absurd to construct a currency upon any one stock of goods exclusively, which does not represent the full value of the notes issued. It would, however, be scarcely less absurd to have a hoard of gold equal to the value of the whole paper currency of a country, whose only use lies in facilitating transfers, not only of large bulks. but of fractional parts of such bulks, which is what notes are intended to do. Any amount of gold abort of the value of the whole of the notes issued under any system based on gold, is, theoreti eelly not to be advocated; although, practically, a moderate proportion may answer the purpose. Bat let us have the right reason assigned for the useful. ness of the smaller sum, and we shall greatly simplify any theory. The demand for bullion is created by an absence of credit, whether arising from distrust, or from want of means to make it available. Very curious means are resorted to in various countries for • • money on goods where confidence is not applied to ilitate trade. In many Swiss cantons, men raise the smallest sums—five or ten francs—on the title-deeds of a garden or a cottage. Whole branches of industry, from the rudest shape of raw produce to the highest finish of an exported article, are carried on in many parts of the continent by • system of dimi nutive bills, which cancel each other as every succes sive stage is attained, until the wares in an exportable shape reach the merchant on the coast. The repre sentation of value is, in these little transactions, scru pulously minute, the confidence shown most limited, the profit drawn by the discounter as large as is com patible with the bare existence of the manufacturer. If credit in England is to be proscribed, unless founded upon stocks of gold, the large remunerative mode of dealings which the intelligence of the English people has created, and which is the tree source of our manufactarfee superiority, will be annihilated. Bat it will only be destroyed to shbstitute the same thing on the small, timid unprofitable scale, that now subside in other lands. The goods made and transferred will then, as now, form the substra tum upon which the paper fabric of bills and dismounts will have to be raised. But the high feeling which animates the merchant, whose profits are too large to be staked upon trickery, the artistic feeling of the workman, whose weges repay his vigilant toil, will be lost to us and to the civilised world, which we have hitherto led, with well-earned credit. We cannot, therefore, land any system of paper issues which would substitute a mere reserve of gold far the full value in consumable wares, on which alone a bill can honestly be drawn and be safely dis counted. But let a paper currency arise, founded on the knowledge that prudent local bankers have of mer chants' dealings, backed by the issues of a national bank of the credit, the experience, and the large mer cantile views of our London Bank directors, and there will, we may be mare, be no want of gold to keep up the supply required by any portion of the public. This demand should obviously be reduced as far as is practicable, not by acts of parliament making certain notes legal tenders that are issued arbitrarily. The only subetitnte for bullion is credit, and this must be created by the trading world within its own sphere. No act of parliament can make a nation a present of credit, although unhappily, like those we now deplore, enactments can abridge, undermine, and even destroy credit where it would naturally exist. NOTWITHSTANDING the keen struggle represented by all accounts to have been going on of late at Ma drid between conflicting parties, and between French and English influence, it is manifest that the fierce ness and inveteracy of this quarrel has considerably abated. The canoe supposed to be at stake last year was no less than wh et her the throne of Spain should eventually peas into the line of ORLEANS. It was for this that Loris PHILIPPE schemed, that Count BREssos intimidated the Queen, and risked a violent breach with England, rath er th an fail in one of the principal aims of the long-cherished and profound po licy of the King of the FRENCH. In the midst of all this success of France, this mortification of England, a novel circumstance comes in to thaw that the hopes of the one and the fears of the other are alike groundless—that all that finely maehinated scheme built on the Spanish mamages may turn out labour lost, and that the house of r ims is just as remote from converting Spain into an spillage for its younger princes as English jealousy could desire. Yet it was neither the active spirit of Lord PALMERSTON, nor the known address of Mr. HENRY BCL was, that wrought this change. The power which, has defeated the deep intrigues of Loom Pantres, and the violence of his myrmidons, is so ether flan providence. In a word, there seems rip likelihood of fruit to this superlatively planned and eitraireeesip precipitated marriage. The probability, dt steel it as only be, is that neither the Queen nor die DOW= HONTPENSIRR will have heirs. ty is at least sufficiently strong to ~,y' alter considerably the views, to blunt the zeal on the I one side, the sager on the other, of the courts and statesmen most interested. In the tone of our own cabinet, and in that of its best-informed organs, the change is very perceptible. We hear no longer of the awful breach of the treaty of Utrecht, and the consequent nullification of the rights of the 11IONTPENSIERS. We no longer hear it declared that in case of the demise of ISABELLA, Count MONTE MOLIN comes forward as first claimant The Times, which sang this song not many months back, now siege quite another tune. It tells us that no one in England ever disputed the succession of the MONT PENSIERS. The deuce they did not! Let us, however, not cavil about the past. Suffice it to know, that now no English statesman does dis pute the suocession of the Duchess of NIONTPENBIER in case of the Queen's demise. Provided she have no heirs, she is welcome to take her seat on the Spanish throne. But, at the same time it is prayed, that Queen ISABELLA may survive her, may reign long and happily, and that thus, neither in presents nor in faturo, will Louts PHILIPPE reap the least good from his very cunning and most unscrupulous management of these celebrated marriages. We shall rejoice if such be the case, not from the mere satisfaction of seeing a mighty trickster disap pointed, but from seeing removed a very serious and lasting cause of difference between France and England. If the Montpensier race does not threaten to occupy the Spanish throne, wherefore should England and France continue to squabble about that country ? The King of the FRENCH would surely not carry family ambition so far, as to urge the Dake of MONTrENSIER to seek to wear one day the Spanish crown in his own right? Nor, such dynastic views set aside, should the difference between moderado and exaltasto be serious enough to make London and Paris enter into strife about them. Still, enough of mistrust must exist, and of contin gencies be possible, to awaken in the breast of Queen ISABELLA a feeling, that French councils are not ex actly those to which she should deliver herself up. The presumptive heir to the crown, her sister, is a French princess ; and to wield the destinies of Spain even during a life must be of a certain importance to France. Kings and statesmen might not be influenced by such views to aid in shortening the life or reign of a princess that stood in their way ; but subordinate agents are known to outstrip their masters in zeal, and to employ even the agency of crime to bring about results favourable of course to their own interests, as being favourable to those of their principals. In short, Queen ISABELLA'S crown and welfare are safest in her own keeping. And of this the young sovereign seems fully aware, notwithstanding the frankness of her character and the confidence of her age. She evidently has no idea of surrendering even the vicegerence of the sovereign power to NARVAEZ, although she shrinks from awakening moderado and French fears and susceptibilities by the recal and re installation of ESPARTERO. To steer a middle coarse is her aim, and to give as little umbrage and as few advantages to either of her redoubtable protectors, France or England, is evidently the pohcy of the palace of Madrid. We cannot say that this is unwise, but the coarse is a difficult one, requiring most skilful and com manding statesmanship. Unfortunately, Queen Iss- BELLA has no one around her capable of conducting such a policy, Or undertaking such a task. SALAMANCA is a vain and flippant personage, who seems to take restlessness to be activity, and novelty to be improve ment. Not a week passes in which this Solon does not promulgate a code, and upon the most various subjects, one more a b surd and pre posterous than the other. Even on finance his or donnances are but the usual empty juggle of Spanish financiers, who, like the street conjuror always con trive to and cheat the public. ' astonish The last trick of this political mountebank has been to rob Spanish municipalities of their landed property under pretence that they were ill managed. "If every one was to be deprived of what they managed ill," exclaims the ' Eepagnal," what class, corporation, or personage in Spain would be left possessed of a f raction?" Another " thimble-rig "of SALAMANCA was hie comic proposal of a reciprocity treaty of exchange with England, English cottons to be received in Spain, and Spanish wines in England, at 30 per cent. ad valorem duty. Only imagine the task of setting a value upon every yard of calico that enters Spain, and by the instrumentality of those incorrupt per , sonages, the Spanish custom-house officers! Imagine, moreover, a gallon of that concentrated Spanish wine, out of which sherry is manufactured, entering on the payment of one-third of its value at the Tower. The convenient millions of our spirit duties would soon vanish before such an invasion. And Senor SALA MANCA pretended to be serious, when he made this burlesque offer. ought to receive gratis. In the north of Ireland, landlords have less excuse than they have elsewhere for throwing those ditties end expenses upon tenants. To allow, therefore, a tenant right to exist from we mulated compensation for permanent improvement, is menstrona ; it is a dereliction of all his duties on the part of the landlord, who deserves to be expro priated f,r accumulated neglect, and the tenant ad vanced to the position that his superior has forfeited. Nothing can tend more to the prosperity of a country than the keeping clear and distinct the duties of its respective classes. It is, in a moral sphere, what division of labour is in handicrafts and manual industry. Let the landlord be landlord, sole proprietor of the land, owner and provider of the permanent, and necessary, and irremovable conveniences for agriculture. Let the tenant not be pestered or mulcted by payments for them, under pretence that he gains something by tenant right. He gains nothing. On the contrary, he is cheated and deprived of the right use of his faculties and of his capital. Let the tenant trade on the land, and let a lease render his calculation or speculations secure. If he invests permanently In land by purchase, he then enters into quite a new field, and the calculations for the one will infallibly spoil and interfere with the other. We can assure the Banner of Ulster, that if we object to tenant-right, it is chiefly in the interest of the tenant class. But, after all, pernicious as tenant-right is, it is far preferable to many monstrosities in Ireland. If it cure Rockism, rack•rentry, wholesale and merciless clearings, if it compensate for an ignorant and absent landlord, by providing an humbler and more in terested person in the management of the soil and of its labouring population, tenant-right will be both advisable and acceptable, despite of its being part of a retrograde, pernicious, and ill-imagined system. Tin Banner of Ulster replies very uncivilly to the London journals which question the expediency of tenant-right. Of course these journals spoke of tenant-right as demanded by Mr. DOHENY and the spokesmen of Holy Cross, which was to guarantee existing tenants from being turned out of their hold inm, or deprived of their crops, without any reference whatever to the question of their having improved or not. Since that meeting, greater importance has been given to this demand of tenant-right by the cautious answer of the Lord-Lieutenant on the subject, which would seem to imply that it was under the considera tion of the government. One thing is certainly undoxiable, and it is, that districts where tenant-right prevails are more peace able and less convulsed by outrage than districts where such a custom is either unknown, or is but partially allowed. As the first indispensable element for Irish prosperity is the absence of agrarian outrage, any regulation that would ensure this, even with some injustice and many inconveniences, would still be grasped at by government and by both classes. It is not, therefore, sufficient for the opponents of tenant-right to point out flaws or un fairness. They must prove the defects and evil results to be greater than the evils which the measure is destined and is likely to cure. No one objects to tenant-right when it means com pensation for permanent improvement. The Banner of Ulster, in it. newer to the Eransiner, declares the tenant-right of that province to be nothing else than accumulated compensation for improvement. As each tenant made an outlay he added it to the sum which he had paid, and demanded the sum back from the tenant to whom he ceded it. Could we sup pose this to be the case, we cannot imagine how it is that the landlords of the north of Ireland have not been, u the Americans say, improved off the face of the earth. _ _ _ The substance of the following appeared in part of our last evening's impression. The Paris papers and letters of Wednesday have reached us. The commercial and monetary crisis in England engrossed the attention of the mercantile classes, and formed the sole topic of conversation on the Bourse. The King and Queen of the Belgians, accompanied by their children and suite, arrived by the Northern Railway, in Paris, on Tuesday evening,snd proceeded to St. Cloud. The arrival of Marshal Soult in Paris is contra dicted. The governorship of the Invalides has been offered to, and declined by, Marshals Soult and Sebas tiani. It will be given probably to General Petit. Count Breeson has arrived at Turin, en route for Naples. A probable change in the cabinet is spoken of in all circles,end broadly enough hinted at by La Freese. The truth is, that the old obstacle to the elevation of M. Guizot to the presidency has not been surmounted. M. Duchitel, proposes to retire, and his withdrawal would most probably produce a general break up. He is not content with his present subordinate position, and this is what is hinted at by some of the conservative opposition papers. The thing, however, is not immi nent, although, if matters be not patched up, it will probably take effect before the meeting of the Chambers. The cabinet is sensible of the discredit which at taches to its stationary policy, and, under an affecta tion of contempt for the reform agitation, there is real anxiety. No doubt a programme of reforms to come, and a retrospect of the measures already accomplished, will be pat forth in the journals, to conciliate public opinion. King Louis Philippe completed his 74th year on Tuesday. A report was current in Paris that the French fleet had sailed from Naples for the Gulf of Spezzia. The following letters, addressed to the Nourelliste, and posted at the Marseilles bourse, refer most pro bably to the affair near Taza, which we have formerly reported, and which resulted in the extermination of two Arab tribes, amounting to upwards of 20,000 persons, by the army of the Emperor of Morocco : Gibraltar, Sept. 22.—We this instant receive from Tan giers the news of a great battle having taken place beneath the walls of Taza, between the troops of the Emperor of Morocco and those of Abd-el-Kader. The latter, after a most desperate struggle, withdrew, leaving four thousand men on the field of battle. The emperor had just issued a decree by which he promised lb ducats for the head of every' rebel which should be brought to him.—Letters from Fez say, that after this battle the en-emir was compelled to take, shelter in the neighbouring mountains, to escape total de struction. The emperor is now at R abat, where he is cele brating the festival of &Own, after which he intends repair lag to Fes. There is no doubt that the news of the defeat of Abd-el-Kader, and the presence of the emperor in his capi tal, will completely calm the uneasiness which has lately reigned throughout the population of Morocco. Our despatches from Madrid of the Ist inst. con tinue to report the measures of administrative reform adopted by the cabinet. It was announced that a pressing order had been sent to General Espartero to hasten to Madrid, that he was expected in that capital on the Bth or 10th, and that preparations were being made to celebrate his arrival by festivities and other demonstrations of public exultation. This re port is accepted by the populace, and although its details are questioned by the Her aldo, it is not con tradicted in substance. On the other hand, we have been informed that an hotel is engaged for General Espartero at Brussels, where he purposes to make some stay before his return to Spain. The Espanol says, that General Narvaez had given in Ma resignation of the Paris embassy, but soon after had withdrawn it. No operations took place at the Bourse on Ist inst. After the Bourse, the Threes were done at 261 cash, 26; paper ; and the Fives at 181 cash. Exchange, 48 80-100. By the advices from Switzerland we learn that the canton of Schaffhausen had decided, by a majority of 46 against 28 votes, to support, by force of arms if necessary, the decision of the Diet against the Sonderbund. The canton of Zurich has organ ised its military contingent to support the Diet. These forces consist of eight battalions of in fantry, seven companies of artillery, four companies of carabineer., three companies of cavalry, two of sappers, and one of pontooneera. Besides these, the Landwehr, consisting of like divisions, will be ready, amounting in all to 15,500 fighting men. The advice, received from Italy state that the eva cuation of Ferrara was arranged for the 3td inst. Letters from Naples of the 29th ult., calm the news of the defeat of the royal troops in the province of Salerno. The battle took place in the district of the Went°. Domiciliary visits of the police are continued daily at Naples, and even persons of highest rank are not exempted from them. It is reported that the Queen-Mother has in vain urged on the Kin; the danger of the system of terror which he is pursui ng , and the absolute necessity of yielding to the prevailing spirit of progress. The main insti gator of the King, in his present course, is his confessor, M. Code. The Pope has ordered this i priest lately to repair to Rome, which he declined, on the plea of in disposition, whereupon his Holiness laid him under an interdiction of mass and confession. The French fleet sailed from Naples on the 28th. Its destination was not known. But the tenant-right, even of the north, is evi dently no such thing. We doubt its having ever originated in compensation for improvement. It is quite evident to whoever peruses the Ulsterian evi dence before Lord DEVON'S commission, that the origin of tenant-right lay in the distress as well as in the insecurity of the country. A tenant fell into bad circumstances and arrears of rent, and the only manner in which the landlord could get these sneers from him, and at the same time be secure from popular vengeance, was to allow the sale of the " good-will? The in-coming tenant paid the arrears. Landlords did not do this at a sacrifice of the amount of yearly rent. But, as the country was prosperous, the value of produce rising, and the competition for land keener, the landlord thought he made a good bargain by getting his arrears from a new tenant, who still paid him the same rent. And we see, from evidence, that tenant right has fallen and risen, and been estimated at so much an acre, not from any consideration to the out. lay upon the land, but from the rise and fall in the linen trade, from the increase or decrease of the little capitals saved from it, and, in fact, from competition, not compensation. A tenant right of this kind, however it may be at tended with many advantages, is most prejudicial in many other and greater respects, and more prejudi cial to none than to the tenant and middle class in life, who get possessed of small capitals. Such a class as that ought to look to trading in land and its produce, and to the speedy turning of their capital in a certain number of years, not to the trans ference of that capital into the landlord's pocket The little capital that the tenant can have, or that he can have denved by inheritance from relatives who made it in the linen or other trades, ought to be laid out on the land fur a return, and for the whole return, of that capital and interest. Permanent and fixed improvement ought to be the business of the land lord ; and if not undertaking such himself, he ought to be forced to pay or allow for it at the expiration of the lease, instead of looking out for another tenant of small capital to pay the value of buildings or permanent improvements, which he An Italian customs league continue, to be spoken of, with a view to which a convocation of delegates from the different states of the peninsula was to be held at Turin. Tho Bing of Naples declined to take any share in this project. We read the following in the Augsburg Gazette, under the date of Rome, 23rd ult. : In coneequence of orders brought from Rome by estafette, a domiciliary visit was made at the residence of Count Framonti, the director of police, at Jest. We are enured that upwards of forty letters connected with a correspondence kept up between persons in a much more elevated rank than himself were seised. These letters, it is said, contain matters of the greatest importance. The retrograde party still con tinue their plans of re-action. An officer has been taken in the very aet of posting up a satire against the civic guard. MADRID, Ocr. 1. I omitted yesterday to notice that portion of Senors Esoosura's decree for effectinga complete revolution in the - civil administration which relates to the provin cial councils, and to the newly created councils of general government. The former will retain the attributions which they now hold, but a change is to be effected in the personnel of the council. There will be in the capital of each province one of those pro vincial councils, composed of the civil governor, of the secretary of the civil government, of an advocate and a provincial deputy, both named by the government. The governor will be president, and the secretary vice-president, of the council. There will be in the capital of every government- Ces council of government-gen, composed of governor-general as preddent; of a vice-president, . THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 8, 1847. appointed by the government ; of four councillors, all adieoates, two of whom are to be supernumerary. Balmy of vice-president, 16,000 reale ; of councillors, 12,000 rads. These councils of government-general are instituted to serve -as courts of appeal for most of thugs suits which have been hitherto referred to the council-royal, and in some of which the subject of contention does not amount in value to more than 2,000 real (20/.) The capital of • province being generally much nearer to the capital of a government-general than to the me tropolis, trouble and expense will be spared to the litigant ; while the council-royal will be relieved of these troublesome and degrading duties. The Heraldo is the only . parr which enters even superficially into an examination of any of the details of this decree ; for the Faro's remarks convey merely • vague denunciation. The former paper observes that the first effect ill be to create endless conten tion between the civil and military governors ; which contention, by . the way, is, perhaps, not worse than the latter having it all their own way, as at present. Then the decree contradicts the principle of centralisation, upon which the reforms of the go vernment have been boned during the last four years. It creates new centres over which the supreme go vernment cannot maintain the control at present ex ercised over distant provinces. The suppression of the intendeucies, the only beneficial arrangement con templated, has been put off, most probably for ever. The vaunted savings of the new arrangement are ab surd, amounting only to two or three hundred thou sand reals. As to the governors-general appointed, it is odd enough that, intent upon exalting the civil career, the government should have chosen four oat, of eleven from the army. Among these there is one whose double civil and military character will pro duce a singular anomaly. Senor Gispert, in his mili tary capacity, it second commander of artillery, and, consequently, under the orders of a first commander ; but his civil rank is equal to that of captain-general. The suppression of the district commissioners is right, and the reform of the royal council judicious. The suppression of the secretaries of sections, who were useless, and of the auxiliaries, who were anomalous, does Senor Eseosura credit Not so the changes which have been introduced into the provincial councils. The respectability of these bodies is lowered by the appointment of the secretaries of the civil government as vice-presi dents. Thus an official of an inferior class, who is still further lowered by the smallness of his salary, a young man perhaps, without either training or experience, is sent to preside over a body composed of enlightened persons of mature age. The object is obviously to multiply the instruments which are to serve the views of the government in the Cortes elec tions. The presence in the council of a provincial deputy named by . the Queen from among those elected by the province is the most absurd feature in these decrees. Such are the Herald 's criticisms. The Clamor condemns altogether the principle of creating these immense provincial civil governments, as an antidote to the arbitrary sway of the captains-general ; and says it would have been far better to do away with these. For the rest, it adds, these ministers seem to take the state for an anatomical subject, upon which they may perform what experiments they please. the Gazette of to-day contains the remainder of Senor Escosura's group of decrees. The solemn in auguration of the new governors-general, and the other new civil functionaries, is provided for, and the duties of each rank are defined more clearly. Another decree promulgated by Roe de Olano ap pears on the subject of the Boise (Exchange). The government, although it deplores the abuses of time bargains, does not see the expediency of altogether' abolishing the same. But it acknowledges the neces- &ay of placing wholesome restrictions upon this sort of gambling. Therefore the decree enacts that-1. Operations of this kind shall not be considered as binding in the eyes of the law without effecting a deposit of the stock. 2. The term shall not exceed 50 days. 3. The day of liquidation voluntary. 4. The stock brokers to be responsible as well in cash transactions ' as in time-bargains, when the deposit shall have been effected. . . . . . It will be remembered that the passion of Narvaez for this sort of gambling was the cause of his down fall in March, 1846. For the Duke of Rianzares be ing equally addicted to play of the same kind, and having lost immense ROMs, Christina became exceed ing wroth, procured the suppression of this abuse, and notice was given to Narvaez to quit Madrid within 24 hours, an order which he lost no time in complying with. This is the day appointed for the abolition of gate duties. Considerable inconvenience has arisen latterly from the introduction of many sorts of supplies being pot off on this account. Concha has just displayed much liberality and judgment in acceding to the request of a deputation from Mayals, in the province of Lerida, that a portion of the most respectable inhabitants of that town might arm against the Collate, from whom they had just received an application for money and arms, which they stoutly reected, although not allowed any effectual means of defence. The number I enrolled is fifty. DonJosk Manuel Arrizega has just set out for Paris, charged with a commission by the government. Narvaez was confined to his bed yesterday ; bat his illness is said to be slight. No operations whatever have taken place at the Bolsa to-day. AUSTRIA.—VIENNA, SErr. 28.—1 t ought perhaps to be stated, in reference to the late financial affairs on the Vienna exchange, that M. V. Kubeck, the President of Finance, probably in obedience to higher orders, respecting the stoppage of the buying in of th.) oonunercial shares (Ir.- dustrie Actien) ham tendered hi. r• • to the Emperor. His majesty has, however, n 4 socep it, and passed the most flattering encomiums upon the Minister of Finance for his able services. GALICIA, SEPT. 25.—1 t is universally affirmed that when the divisions of CLilicia into two parts shall have been made, Archduke Albert will be appointed viceroy of Gelicis, and take up his residence in the ancient royal city of Cracow, with a numerous court. This, together with the official announcement of the permanency of the celebrated ancient university of Jagellon, at Cracow, has already in duced several Polish families to take up their abode there this autumn. Lramisio, Sur. 26.—The cholera has appeared at Jesay, in Noldan. A sanitary cordon is to be formed along the Austrian frontier. PRUSSIA.—Bnainr, SEPT. 30.—The three per sons accused in the affair Milts Polish insurrection at Berlin, who succeeded in making their escape from an hospital in which they bad been confined, have reconstituted them selves ppriesnete. A man named Warms was lately con demned to death by the Royal Court of Berlin for having, at the beginning el 1545, organised a conspiracy to overthrow the and to kill all the priests and nobles; but the y, end without solicitation, commuted the seaMmetinto that of confinement for life in the fortress Bpsaidma. This proceeding is considered a favourable one he die other messed Poles against none of whom are the charges so embus were th ose against Wurms.—The Kap =radio slam that instructions have been seat to the repreemlattves at the courts of Vienna, Turin, RIM, Flowers, sad Naples to adhere in all eases to the line of conduct penned be the Austrian government on the subject of Italy, and to act accordingly. ---- - - • • - - - _ It is said that the King of Prussia has invited Baron Amelia von RothechOdle a eoulmence at Silesia. It is 'apposed that this interview lee reference to a loan for the construable el the Premiss railways, and very_ oonsiderable sums have bees pima at dim &aced of Berms Rothschild by a noble wham efWmt Germany. BAVARIA.—Monica, OCT. 3.—EXPLOSION OF A POWDSH MILL. -On the 2nd instant, about eight o'clock p.a., the powder mill of M. Hayder, near Ru. senheim, exploded. The commotion was so intense ax to be felt at Munich, that is to say, at a distance of about four leagues, and to break the panes of glass in an immense number of houses. In the vicinity of the powder mill the damage eaused by the event was considerable; but, by a most peculiar chance, the house belonging to M. Hayder, and the one which served as a residence for his workmen, though in the immediate vicinity of the mill, have scarcely been damaged, and . warehouse containing 12 cert. of powder has remained intact. One person was killed by this explosion ; he is the only victim. This individual, whose head, arms, and leg, were found dispersed, was, in all probability, the author of the explosion. He was formerly a workman at the mill, who had been discharged about a month since, and who swore, on going away, that he would be revenged in • most terrible manner. RUSSIA.—ET. PETERSBURG, SEPT. 24.—A young French aeronaut made an weed from Bt. Petersburg in a balloon. Ride then he had not been heard of. His balloon has been found oa the Lake of Ladoga by some fishermen. The men seeing it moving a little above the lake put off in their boats to the place where it seemed likely to fall. They succeeded in dragging the balloon and the car into a boat. The car was found to contain its ballad, but there was neither the parachute, nor the great knife, nor the pistols, which M. Ledet had taken with him. It is probable that the aeronaut had tried to descend with the parachute, on finding himself soar the lake, but nothing baying been heard of him, it is feared that he ha perished. The Emperor of Rusk has issued a decree order -1/18 all the Jew in the empire either to become members of one of the guilds of commerce, or burgesses of towns, or to acquire property in a manufectering corporation, or to be come cultivators of the soil. Those who refuse to com ply with this order are to be subjected to all the mea sures of repression which the lover: meat may think proper to adopt. MURDER OF THE COUNTESS OF GOERLITZ. The following report of an atrocity which is re garded as in some respects a reproduction of the Praslin crime is taken from the German journal called the Spectator. The crime seems to have been kept quiet, as the intelligence has not appeared in Roy of the chief German papers. In the not very clear or coherent report of the Spectator com parisons are made between the publicity given to the pro ceedings in such cases by constitutional governments and tee very different system pursued in Germany ,• after which it proceeds as follows : —The tragical death of the Countess of Goerlitz, burnt to death at Darmstadt, has recently thrown all the higher classes of the German aristocracy into deep consterna tion. This event has given rise to the strangest as well as the most contradictory conjectures; many persons were of 1 opinion that the countess had committed suicide, but this was not generally believed, as the circumstances rendered such a supposition highly improbable. Even supposing the countess to have been desirous of committing the rash act, it was not to be believed that she would choose the most painful, and till now unprecedented means, and the bare attempt of which would, one would suppose, be enough to arrest her in the act. Some persons, and among others one of her intimate friends, M. Tamp, at first supposed that her ' death was caused by accident, but all concur in reject ing this opinion. The countess has been buret to death near her secretary, close to a bell rope! Thus it is quite impossible for death to have seized her so suddenly as not to have left her time to pull the bell and procure assist ance. But the supposition either of suicide or accident, has given way to that of assassination ; and, from the result of the first investigations, this version acuuires a greater degree of probability. The Juge d'lnstruction, M. Purgold, has found twenty-six very important evidences of culpability, and has requested the court to have the affair thoroughly investi gated ; but the tribunal, after a private conference, has de clared the evidence to be insufficient, and has rejected, in consequence, the continuation of the inquiry. This decision appeared strange, and excited general discontent. We have it in our power to make known some of this evidence, collected in the course of the preliminary inquiry. It is well known that for some time past, though living under the same roof, the count and his wife never saw each other. On the evening before the event, a gentlemen passing before the count's house perceived a smell of smoke. lie, however, went on without paying further attention to the circumstance ; though, on his arrival at the house whither he was goinghe mentioned it to several persons. Thus, since the smel l of fire was per ceived in the street at five o'clock, it is more than probable that M. Goerlits, who was at home, must have smelt it be fore ten. Count Goerlitz, who was not in the habit of thinking much about his wife, was in very great apparent uneasiness about her. lie said, and his servants have re peated it, that the countess was in the habit of shutting her self up in her own room every evening. Notwithstanding, at half past eight, he sent the only domestic present to find another, to inquire of him if he Lad no news of the countess. When the servant acquitted himself of his errand, the wife of the latter exclaimed :—'s Great God! is the countess burnt ?" What a singular event ; what a singular coincidence between the exclamation of the woman and the explanation of the event, which, according to the count, took place about an hour and a half afterwards, and was discovered by him ! How explain the affirmation of the count that at this hour the countess always shut herself up in her own room, when she could be nowhere found, if he had not him self looked into his wife's room ? Did it require the interval from half-past eight till ten to make up his mind to force open the door—sinca he had two servants with him, the wife of one of whom had even expressed her fear the countess might be bunt?—When the fire was discovered at ten o'clock, the count sent for the physician Stegmaur, and, at ten, the door was opened in the presence of several persons, when every one was obliged to draw back on account of the smoke and vapour which came forth, the count alone ex cepted, who cried out: " There is my wife !" Love has quick eyes. The autopsy has not taken place, because the court for bade it. He hastened to obtain leave to have his wife interred. The instruction has not ascertained whether the door was fast ened on the inside or on the outside. No key has been found. If the door was closed on the outside, no doubt can be en tertained of the cause of the death, and, unfortunately, this fact is too well proved ; if closed on the outside, the absence of the key is explained; if on the inside, what has become of it ? This evidence gives birth to so many conjectures that it alone necessitates on inquiry. The cause of the fire has not been discovered. There was neither stove nor candle • stick in the room. If it be supposed that somebody ignited the fire and then left the room with the candlestick, the fact is still more easily explained. The countess had been burnt by the flames, before her secretary. No other article of fur niture has been burnt. The head, neck, and part of the arm, were carbonised. It is supposed the unhappy woman, after having been murdered, was placed over a email stove, where she remained for some hours. Before the door was opened, the stove had been taken away, another position given to the victim, and the event assumed the colour of an accident. From the preliminary inquest it is conjectured that the fire was ignited to bide a murder by strangulation. If the tribunal of the court wishes to maintain public trust in its decisions, the evidonce given in must be made public. It is remarked that Count Goerlitz, who lived on very bad terms with his wife, has now assumed a very different sentiment he often visits her grave, and covers it with flowers. We are ignorant whether he is desirous of influencing public opinion or whether he really yields to a feeling of sympathy which has declared itself very late—but time will unfold the mystery which now envelops this affair. COLONIAL. JAMAlCA.—Circulars have been forwarded by the packet on the Bth ult. to the islands of Barbadoee, Trinidad, Antigua, and St. Vincent, as well as to Demerara, from the Chamber of Commerce, suggesting a meeting of delegates from the several islands at an early day, with a view to the t=enement of some combined movement in aid of the West Baia *sionista. The circular is as follows : It Ps append &dredge to this chamber that, l ^ the i sresent elmadog ordrlcia et War Is pray der this coin patinae le MIMI tee hrl . titrier bas boos simnel by appli es:km et tree Weft ID MiIIONISI, are eembred demon. starra 'Jodi be node by al Oa War leis caltair la th e hope that by r amps* d aralowas appal la the justice of the BIWA pear the nia whisk arm kapiselbs may be averted. lle kr as Jambi k sward. h Is steer that such • exordia= es OM le wed& ebe Is new aped mar, at a very /arty mdse. astresdit roar selintlea sksgsrs; sad this dumber same *rit drama arks err Wet lora salealartast equally will Irself elk rear se arra a ruler Hair Ors els, caroms It k parser by rhaberbse Met a einsemlbm elt der rra arid Iles Wag Irk d es hbro . es kar kerb sherd seserbip at nesa an Nay csag be mg= at Me line al at. Thema, la odor la a sash a mormat aspeort afro Parr leassur et ere Imparber co hair ea==li It all the wad& rd foram doe a ka rr it7 enspated tam ormal e g i rorm is tr i th= irthrethrerb out the several WWy and taw delsgales mbar fora ark for the purpose atoosmmtlesse, Ism emote! regaset the chamber may be mai asquired at r arty,' purr as power with to reborn of year aka p wpm Ilk sahlast. la several pares of the Idami, bounding Vere, Clareadea, St Mazy, Metcalfe, and IX Hooky, the rake have been most iworkeinate for the pewees of vagektion, and short crop, both of and *AN, mg be the result In the large sugar parishes of fik Themes be the Best and West moreland, on the other hand, the asap= have been remark ably tae ; while in Hanover, St. lank and Trelawny, the although late, rad withal rather partial, will, it is , enable these parillies Is rake at least average crops. IDAD.—With the tareeption of a debate in the maned of government, them wee eaddeg, of importance from this orlon l. The beard neolved itself into esmaittee ea the ram aimed the dames of which wee gate into eat earactias. BAItBADOE&—Tite agriculteral reports of the t the drought whisk preedlel k that = li dese ll =anemmemeatof the yew, aka siontianing po wl=gatial 'hewers. The male IMO solo=ing pro , and the eat& WIMP mash illeineed for want of wham. Ciormed proakias were atBl hishieg high prat; bet lap sepplim shear, era sued, has brekseitheas avails el eamanyelea m sormashbe Mom It war rumored that e Wad Bad weld rests appsfatmeat be maw gnome gibs rehthatemeat et Jake IMMO th. lash— th Wit hada( heft oratheedet hy hie ezeilleasy ; bat these eamed lo be heel& Immistlea hr the roasoar. The iaatlrml week mask repel his eamilmere arriving at sea a deehba he holm emieello* Inhaler. ST. LUCIA.—J natter occupied the rratioathe left lit las meted that the Hon. Dowell ea dly had been meathatel to he earth lieutenant goveradd_dp of_B4. Leda. D aeseethle irseuise the arrival at Hargolewa of the Growls: elenneldp, ea the 10th Aug with 460 Africans heat Sierra Letho. the performed the voyage from England to Biros Leath eat There to Dar ran in 48 days. ThusThuspeoplaweanail reemtly oaptured ea board of slayers. The carrel Emir arbatked wee 474 111! whom 18 died on the me, aid ler Moe had hell in the Demerara river. el mks oat females is nearly equal. This de== lia cif perk being much prised as labourers, they wee eagerly sought for by attorneys and others connected salamis.= : bat the decision of the governor not to allot any of them to estates which have not hospitals erected on them for the accommodation of immigrants, as prescribed by the late act of the legislature, baulked many of the applicants, among whom were some of the leading men of the colony. Rumours were current of an intended change in the constitution of the colony, abo lishing the old Dutch system of goverment which at Fo ment exists, and introducing English institutions. The railway was programing rapidly. —-—---- • - -•- • TOBAGO.-IA bill for reducing the qualification of voters from a rental of 30/. to 15!., was lost, owing to an ambiguity in a clause of the act, which would seem to vs public officers • right to vote in virtue of their ealedea. The House of Assembly was dissolved, to meet as duo 14th September. This yeses exports amounted to Va hbds. sugar and a pordsmate quomtity et rum sad missies, kin 1,000 hAds. serer led yeses crop. The Gard* rris • Bei ele likeeed tide year . wish imam esesemile ea the lea, the esseks amp Whit tawatehly to,. Man eareelaa to awned 5,000 herb. hat lee Welt awilleat oda it Ma emu at Ohs year la levee* Mt. sad alai dr tottigelins ate ilesalisewat. The Duchess cif Kent, .Hooded by Barone= do Speth, arrived at her residue%Clossice U. fit. James% at one o'clock y diramoio. bon Pospon Haw, Windier. Her Ro dilsi rs Qesl Downie and the Duchess Ida Sens War if, Marlassesell House, sad at three o'clock left lowa at Ye Morn to Ave more House. frig Court. - - - THURSDAY,—Prince Albert, attend e d by Mr. G. B. Anson, Colonel the Hon. C. B. Phipps, and Msjor-General Bowles, left the castle early this morales for town, travelling by the Great Western Railway, His Royal Highness returned to Windsor about two o'clock_ The royal dinner party at the Castle this evening is peedto include the Duchess of Ke n t, t h e B anners do ih, Mr. G. K. and the Hon. Mrs. Anson, Miss DaWKia Darner, and Sir G. Cowper. The band of the Royal meat of Hone Guards attend during dinner. Her Majesty., private band afterwards attend in the Castle. Prince Albert visited the Queen Dowager g Marlborough House, and afterwards, attended by m r. Anson, went to Somerset House, to attend a meeting at the office of the Duchy of Cornwall. Shortly before one o'clock the Prince proceeded to the Paddington terminus, and left town on hie return by a special train. Viscount Nforpeth has arrived in town. Despatches were sent off yesterday evening from the Colonial-office for the Governor of Ceylon. THE REGISTRATIONS. MARYLERONE.—The barrister sat yesterday at Marylebone courthouse, for the revision of the Paddington list. (We stated erroneously in yesterday's paper that it was the Pancras list which was to be taken on that day, having so understood the learned barrister.) The overseer's lists for MaryleSene district were also taken. From Pad dington five claims were made, only one of which was sus tained. Three objections were made and sustained. John Bigsby claimed to vote out of a holding in Crescent-mews, for whici he paid 4s. a week rent, the landlord p ay i ng the rates. Disallowed on the ground that the rates would redoes the rental below 10/. annually.-Alex. Brawn, 101, Norto n . street, complained that his name had been scratched curia last year's list, thus depriving him of his vote at the late election. He sought to have it replaced on the list. The barrister could not find his name on the list, and therefore could give him no redress. The applicant must make a ' claim sn the regular form,-The revision of the overseer's list was then completed, and all claims to which no parties aeared were struck off the list. The Paddington laims and objections were all made by the oveneers. To-d es die barrister goes to Si- Pancras new workhouse, to fi nish th e revision of the lists for that parish. TOWER HAMLETS.—The court for the revision of the list of voters for this borough was held yesterday at the Court-house, in Weliclose.squire. The number of claims was 93 ; of objections, 1; but they did not involve any po i nt of interest. The overseers of some of the pariah's formally demanded the opinion of the barrister (Mr. Sl•Christie), respecting parties who claimed to be on the rates, when those rates were not paid by them, but by their landlords. Former revising barristers had de cided that such persons should prefer a claim every time a rate was made, and the object of the pet sent applicauon was to ascertain whether if parties did not renew their claim they had a right nevertheless to be kept upon the rate. The lux ! rioter said that the act of parliament required the overseen to insert the names of all parties claiming to be rated, and he saw nothing in the act to justify their omission. Respeetieg the charges of the overseers of the various parishes, the bar rister refused to sign the bills thereof until he hail time to examine into them, as he considered some of the charges unnecessary, or at least exorbitant. In the case of All Saints, Poplar, he referred to a charge of five guineas to the vestry clerk for making out the lists of votes, and giving advice which he considerW superfluous. The vestry clerk explained that his duties u vestry clerk appertained only to parochial matters, such as the removal of paupers, and that the snaking nut of lists of votes not being within the scope of those duties, he ought to be paid foe them. The barrister was still of opinion that the charge was superfluous, observing that it was the duty of the overseers to prepare the lists, and that if they called upon the vestry clerk to do it, he did not see why the people should be taxed for it. A discussion arose upon this, and several other charges which the banister deemed extravagant, one being a charge of 53/. for printing the lists of voters for the parish of Shoreditch. It was defended by Mr. Ware, the vestry clerk, on the ground that the parish contained upwards of 12,000 rate-payen, sad that great despatch was necessary between the making out lof the manuscript copy and the printing. He (Mr. Ware) did not suppose the act of parliament meant that the over ' seers were themselves. to make out the lists ; but that they I should employ persons for the purpose. The barrister also strongly objected to charges for coach-hire, and eventually adjourned the court to that day fortnight, when he will ed. judicate on the matter. NIIDDLESEX.—The court for revising the list of the City polling district was held yesterday at the Sumer Hotel, Bouvenestreet Amongst the claims was one made by • Mr. Bradbury, a manufacturer of Sheffield, who ponessed a freehold house in Gough.square, the upper part of which was occupied by himself as a warehouse, and in respect of which he was on the register for the City, the lower part I:Kinglet as offices, and for which offices he claimed so a freehold sepa rate and distinct from the upper part. There was but one street door, but there was no communication between the offices and any other part of the house. No notice of objeo tion had been given.-Mr. Payne remarked that this was= ingenious mode of splitting up a qualification so as to make it) it'd a borough and a city vote. lie also complained that the description was vague, inasmuch as it did not state whether the freehold was a house, land, or rent charge. The Barrister considered the description of the qualification sufficient ; he would, however, add the word " office " after that of " freehold." With regard to the qualification inel4 as no objection bad been made to the 'loins, he must admit it Payne : That the qualification is bad is certain; and no doubt it will be objected to next year. The claim was allowed. On the list for the parish of St. Bartholomew. E xchange being called on, it was discovered that the overseers had neglected to lodge any list of claimants with the clerk of the peace, or to produce any such list to the court ; neither were they in attendance. A young man from the office of the firm of which the vestry-clerk is a partner, attended, but could give the court no information further than thee some claims had been sent in; but who the claimants were, or where the claims were to be found, he did not know.-The Barrister said this was the grossest instance of neglect on the part of the overseers that had occurred within his experience, and he should cart dnly impose a fine, the amount of which he would decide on further consideration.-Mr. James re marked that it was hard upon the claimants that they should be disfranchised-as they must be-wholly in consequence of the overseers' neglect. The act empowered the Barrister to inflict a fine for every such offence of not less than 11. nor more than 5/...-The Barrister will tit again on Monday, at 10 o'clock, at the Vice•Chaneelior's Court, Westminster, when the lista for the western parishes of the metropolis will be taken. COURT OF COMMON COUNCIL. Yesterday, a court was held for the despatch of businese—The Lord Mayor informed the court that Alder man Hooper had signified his consent to accept the office of ma or for the year ensuing. FRAUDS IN THE COLLECTION OF BROKERS' RENTB.—Mr. Burn (the Chairman of the Officers' and Clerks' Committee) brought up the report " on the duties and emoluments of the oolleceor of brokers' rents." He had again to complain of defilade= in an office of the corporation. Ail the commit tee et present recommended was, the appointment of a new collector. The regulations for the direction of the office well to be termed upon due consideration by the court. The offices' appointed to peeorm the duties in the mean time, had diecovered already defalcations to the amount of upwards of 2,0001.—A member asked whether the late collector's sureties had been ajmlied to ? —Mr. Burn replied that Om Guarantee Society was security for Mr. Chcesewright, the late collector, to the amount of 5001., and there were two individual sureties for hint to the amount if 4004, one of whom wee considered to be good, the other doubtful—Er. Lawrence said it was most im proper that the property of ski City should be placed in such jeopardy. He positively defied any one in the court to state the precise limit of the deficiencies. He could not see why the office should not be so consolidated that a clerk sect from :the Chamberlain's office might collect the rests, or why the collection of the rents of the Bridge-boar which were liable to similar contingencies, could not be made through the mate instrumentality.—He did not know what was to prevent the misappropriation of 1,0004 in thel latter office. He woe lan there was the power. He mewed that the report be Nat hark to the committee to stmeidier the expediency of innieftg by a clerk in the Cbmisheelain's Illiaiews did ant know that it was asesemry to appoint a collestor at aIL He knew that several Woken who bad reemistly paid the deataaas of the collo** were ratsreed as dolealtins.-11r. Harrisea de jected le a reprdeenstale prime in the esepwoden—that d allowing the ssnaseses of their Is is *sly ea a mud Wiliam themselves counastai with the Wk. It use tee great a tempt.** to a person is a mall baslasse le bow say command over money with which he might be lei Is onicalate, as it was invar iably the eon that a oesneentemsat with aurae Imes ended in losses silk, most serious kind. The late assess wee for ever jet/day, until, at last, he jobbed away 3,418111. sr 4,0001. of the ovation money. —Mr. Bens Ad wit easelder that Sue delaitation amounted es more dna 2,0001.-ILr. De Jersey apoke in favour of Mr. Lammas* mossimat.--Sir Paler Laurie thought the With, practice odd be airily impnwed upon. if a new =Wiwere deiel ape, that would release the mem fter from any promises they night have made ; and he was. he admitted, one of then who had promised.—Deputl Stevens declared that a great general alteration ought to take place in the whole system.—After some discussion, the court divided, and there appeared for the amendment, +6; against it, 67. blejority in favour of the recommendation in the report, 21. 11 City OF LONDON LIPILAILY.—Mr. John Disros the chairman of the committee, to whom it was referred to tearrrryy into execution the resolution of the 2nd June, 1824,f0r eataNshias in the Gs 11 a library of all mitten Maui, as the Sky, the hum* et Southwark, and the county se kileglit up a metopes& the state and progl of the library Sum the 1* et Joss, 1840. The following an abstraet et the report, which woe of considerable lama: The punt theatha ea agates Ira lib &Wee direc t e d " al ' ten** in tie let Inlmeelelbe dale of the admisigns, welsh a ekaillot ea awl Yds* us mob of rabeems Oe tog *elm ea *ME the eamod asee tan Omsk he fart it ame n • h urdlitt rag la the wadi et elk or mum ths eme mot het st• *eel ben atm diteemilet vase To weft% silaatha ht * par.ssksse, ha. Vire mow roes owl wheals MINIM haw boards to the ninny MIN th• lest mat, of past adadir teleetwe, rele=c2= tolaweek eM a o eel is ahem eta konallt 10111111111110116 hpreal. lbw hlhtted a owl keg ll* ell Oa aowe papaw wielpef alfeeilt owl Wiwi. To of leasprelity ellemW Issas' Illmatylas a wry agewit dew eonwha. wen al ta Owe of =eind theawabw. Other walmos dined owalkaw low mit le a asea s tal*lble the reeatel t /L, Z id Yr lost Wier dash is, Mk" • dale 1.1 F