The Express. — London, England, 1847-11-16 00:00:00

f . presided. They were: pun air, good drainage, total ab senceof all putrid vegetable and animal matter ; a full sup ply of pure water ; and, lastly, the removal of all stagnant pools or cesspool& to a distance of not less than a quarter of a mile from the building. (Hear.) Were these requisites to be found in the dwellings of the lower classes ? (" No.") Yet to every man of feeling, or of property, or who looked to the interests of his country, the welfare of the poor should be sacred. (Hear.) He held it to be the duty of the legislature (and he believed in this ministers fully coin cided) to bring forward and pass en efficient and comprehen sive bill, to secure as far as possible the health of this and every other large town in the kingdom. Being, however, satisfied that nothing could be done unless public opinion took up the subject, he celled upon the meeting, collectively and in dividually, to put their shoulders to the wheel and assist the committee in carrying out their common object. Mr. C. Come Rater., who was received with mach cheering, rose to second the resolution. He concurred with the last speaker, that the House of Commons attended to individual and not to public interest, and if he wanted proof of this he had it in the fact, that at the very time when last year a meeting was being held in the parishes of St. Margaret and St. John, \Vestminster—a district where the poor were, in many instances, herding together two and three families in a room of nine feet square, and were suffering from bad drainage, bad ventilation, and deficient supplies of water, and he anal other friends of the sanitary movement were pointing out the danger to public health of such a state of things, the House of Commons were passing, almost unani mously, a vote of 150,0001. to enlarge Buckingham Palace, on the authority of the report of the surveyor tkat the rooms were too small, and that the palace was fitted only for the occupation of a bachelor, and not for a family. He congratulated the meeting on having so good a chairman, and such excellent advocates of sanitary reform, as the hon. gentleman who had last spoken and the hon. member for Westminster (Mr. Lushington) on the platform. Ile had visited many of the dwellings of the poor. He was satisfied that the pigs in this country were better housed and cared for than a large portion of the lower classes. (Hear.) He knew many houses which were built over sewers, but the Sanitary Society to which he belonged had never ben I able to get the parochial authorities to take any interest la the matter. Last Saturday he went to Field-lane, Holborn, to see the state of that neighbourhood, which bad been represented to him as being ex tremely wretched. Ile visited a house where lodgings were let ; and, beginning at the cellar, he found it four feet high, anal filled with all sorts of filthy abominations. He neat went up into the dwelling-rooms, and there was not one more than 12 feet square, and they contained families of from 4 to 6, who were obliged, in bad weather, even to dry their linen in these miserable rooms, He also found they were paying from Is. W. to half a crown a week for them. In another cellar in the same house, used as a kitchen, dbx, there was an open sewer, and everything in the place was in a decayed state. There were also from 6 to 8 beds crammed into a room of from 6 to 8 feet square, and the in habitants paid Id. • night for each bed. He had visited various other lodginghousei, and he found them all nearly similar. The great object was to remedy these evils. As to water, he found its supply was a complete mono- ' poly—there were only eight water companies in London, and water was very ine ffi ciently supplied to the poor. The shares of one company—the New River Company were originally worth only from 401. to 501. a , share, whilst they had now increased to the enormous value ' of from 13,0001. to 14.0001. each. (Hear, hear.) It had been ascertained that from 12,000 to 13,000 deaths occurred in the metropolis annually from imperfect sanitary regula tions; there were also from 100,000 to 200,000 people in London thrown on a bed of sickness from the same cause. Throughout the whole country be found, from investigation, that 60,000 persons died, and 1,600,000 were rendered ill every year, from the want of sanitary reform ; and this state of things involved the nation in a loos of 14,000,0001. an nually, in consequence of the persons thus suffering and dying being unable to earn their own livelihood by their sown exertions, and thus also contribute to the wealth of the state; as well as the cost arising from their sickness and death. The government had had to contend with corrupt monopolists and municipal authorities, and they required the streog aid of the people. The opposition of the City of London, and the parochial authorities of the metropolis, had obliged them to withdraw that part of their sanitary bill which applied to London. He was, however, delighted to find that the bill which the government was about to bring forward would be a comprehensive and excellent measure. With reference to the churchyard which had been com plained of to the Lord Mayor, and to which the chairman had referred, he should say, he had ascertained that 32 per sons had died in the locality (Golden-lane) within the last three or four years, twelve had fallen victims within a short time, and twenty-five individuals were now sick in the same vicinity, arising from the effluvia of this noisome pestilence. The speaker coucluded by calling on the people to express their determination in one united voice, and the government would succeed in carrying their sanitary measures through parliament. (Cheers.) Mr. GEORGE complained that the evils of interments in cities and towns had not been allowed to be made a distine• tive resolution to be proposed to the meeting. As one of the overseers of St. Ann's, Seho, he could say that the church yard in his parish bad been in existence for the last 150 years, during which time 93,000 bodies had been buried in a space not exceeding seven-eighths of an acre. An acre of ground was only capable of accommodating 110 bodies annually, whereas in this instance they had been interred at the rate of 1,062 a year. ( Hear, hear.) He would instance one case which had come under his notice a grave 18 feet deep 17 adults and 8 children had been buried in about two months. (Cries of " Shame !") He wished the meeting to put the case to themselves, and he would ask a father whose solicitude had been bestowed upon the rearing of a lovely daughter, what would kis feelings be, when death had torn ber from his embrace, and Before decay's effacing fingers Lad swept the lines where bunt, lingers— false delicscy ; and if the man who originated them banefel laws could be pointed out, and his mo tises laid here, that he might be called to an account, sod, if in her Mitiesty's councils, be removed from t h em . If this man and his coadjutors had been deceiving the public, to serve their own sordid motives—had been plying as it were w ith cogged dice—he hoped the public would, ia the words ofGraham, demand of these aa oeitats, who had so long batten on the public purse, a double and treble contribution from their ill-gotten gains. (Cheers.) Idr. J. DI:NCAN traced the history of the currency laws, and showed that they had produced distress alternately among the maanfacturing and aericultural populations. He retired to the writings of Mr. Homer, the chairman of the bullion committee of 1810, who, twenty years after the resumption of ash payments, admitted that he had fallen into a grievous error. This was a good reason for demand bag the appointment of a committee of inquiry in the new parlisment. In like manner, Mr. Ricardo, who, in 1819, said the change would only depress prices three to five per cent, ,had afterwards admitted that the reduction had been equal to 25 per cent Mr. Matthias Attwood also had ad mitted that the committee had been completely misled by the testimony of incompetent witnesses ; he had further said that the chairman of the committee (Sir R. Peel) had been mistaken as to the character of the measure. On the other hand, Mr. Baring (now Lord Ashburton) had, in 1821 and 18-28, condemned the bill of 1819 as a fair-weather sys tem; as he had alto done in his pamphlet, published in the present year. Mr. Gilbert, the manager of the Loudon and Westminster Bank, considered a suspension of cash payments in time of war as inevitable. These were great authorities in their favour; and the late Mr. Cobbett had also condemned the bill of 1819. This bill having been pared in error of its nature, and its opponents having main mined a consistent opinion, good grounds were laid for par liament to grant a committee of inquiry. (Hear.) Mr. h oe s Loyd, it was well known, was the inventor of the bill of 1919; for Sir R. Peel had the misfortune never to strike out a new idea. (Laughter.) He had borrowed his bullion notions from Mr. Horner; his criminal law reforms from Sir S. Romilly and Mr. Msckintoeh; and his corn-law from Mr. Cobden. (War.) Mr. Loyd, as • skilful banker, had sought to keep down all taxed commodities as near as possible to the level of untaxed goli; the necessary effect of this was t o throw an aggravated burden on the working chimes. Be making untaxed gold the standard of value for all other commodities, those commodities most necessarily fall to the , nine level; and hence the fluctuations in value, pro ducing, in regular cycles, depression and stagnation in trade. All who professed to be free-traders, and were ao in reality, ought to support this movement for a free-trade in gold, which was more important than a free-trade in corn, because it applied to every commodity. (lieu.) Ilse league was charged with wishing to put out " kites ;" but he charged Sir R. Peel with being the great " kite-flyer," inasmuch as be had permitted the Bank of England to issue 14 millions of notes without any basis of gold ; he had authorised the country bankers to make similar issuee to the extent of eight millions; in Ireland, six millions; and in Scotland, three millions more ; in all, 31 millions of kites. (Hear.) But he accused Sir K. Peel also of deception. There were 22 mil lions to the Savings Banks, and the poor dupes were taught to believe that at any time they could withdraw their deposits in gold at a fortnight's notice. P. was well known that 22 millions of bullion were not forth coming; and hence the delusion put upon the poor creatures, whom the country, with its rich church estab lishment, was not liberal enough to educate. (Hear, hear.) Mr. D. then proceeded to describe the basis on which the league proposed that the currency should be placed. He re ferred to the Scotch banks, and observed that, in 150 years, only 30.0001. bad been lost by these bank.. These banks exercised a most effective check on each other; and there was another most influential check on over issues—the prin ciples which regulated the mutual dealings of borrower and lender. (Hear.) Seeing that alternate depression and pros perity had invariably followed the restrictions and augmen tations of the currency, it was evident that prosperity could only be secured by a sufficient and well.regulated circulating medium. laic proceedings terminated at about 11 o'clock. HEALTH OF TOWNS. A grand demonstration in favour of a sound and comprehensive ranitary bill, under the auspices of the follow ing associations, Health of Towns, National Philanthropic, Health of London, City and Liberty of Westminster, and the Working Men's, was held yesterday evening in the large roam of the Crown and Anchor Tavern. There wos a mo derately full attendance, between 500 and 600 preens being assembled in the body of the room; and on the platform, besides the chairman, B. Bond Cabbell, Esq., M.P., there were present Mr. Mackinnon, M P.; Mr. Lnshington, M.P.; Mr. C. Cochrane. Dr. Ellerman, Dr. Gavin, Dr. Gowerly, the Rev. Mr. Luslgnan, and several other of the most influential members of the various sanitary associations of the metropolis. Letter regretting that absence from England, illness, important business, or other causes, pre vented their attendance, were read from Mr. T. Dunisombe, M.P. ; Baron L. Rothschild, M.P. ; Mr. Wakley, M.P. ; Bir W. Clay, M.P. ; Lord D. Stuart, M.P.; Sir B. Hall, M.P. ; all, however, expressing their desire to forward the objects of the meeting. The CI(AIRSIAN, in opening the business, explained that during the five or six years that the sanitary question had agitated the public mind, some six associations had been ex erting themselves to carry out the object of sanitary reform. The hrst was the Poor Man's Guardian Society ' • then came the Health of Towns Association ; then came the Health of London Society ; next, a similar association for the city and liberty of Westminster; then two societies for putting an end to intramural burials. It had been considered by those who conducted the proceedings of those several societies, that now the subject had been taken up honestly and fairly (as they believed) by the government, they should meet and adopt measures by which all the influence and power of those associations should be concentrated, and given to the govern ment in their efforts to carry out the object. (Hear, hear.) The resolutions which would be proposed to the meeting had been prepared with that view. Without such co-operation —without unanimity of action—they could not hope to succeed. (Hear, hear.) There was one point to which he would allude—important in itself, though not the most prominent—in considering this subject. This was the practice of burying in towns. On that point he wished to call attention to a letter in the Timer of that morning, addreped to the Lord Mayor, in which it was stated that there was a burial ground in Golden-lane (which was in the most crowded part of the metropolis), where it was the practice to dig graves 28 feet deep, and without any other covering than a few boards, continue to deposit dead bodies in them until they were filled within two or three feet of the surface of the ground, when they were filled in to that depth with earth, though it was known that 14 feet of hard ground was necessary to prevent the escape of those noxious and dangerous gases which human bodies gave out in the process of decomposition. (Shame.) Was it not necessary that the government should step in and prevent such abominations—such desecrations of all that was decent in reference to our respect for the dead—such danger to the health of the living? (Hear, hear.) Mr. MACKINNON M.P., moved the first resolution, viz.: That the drainage and sewerage of the metropolis are very insuffi cient, the cleansing of the streets exceedingly imperfect. the supply of water lamentalfiy deficient in quantity and had In quality ; that the practice of burying the dead in the midst of the lining produces great demoralisation ' and grossly violates the sanctity of the grave ; that these, amongst other evils, entail enormous and unnwereary ex pen ses upon the people, and lead to a great deterioration of health iuLd fearful destrneuon of life. The more the subject was considered, the more satisfied must they all be that some alteration, some amelioration and improvement, must be effected by means of legislation in the health of towns. Having had the honour to be chairman of two committees of tho Ifouse of Commons on this subject, and having been the first in the house who mooted it, he felt a conscientious and most intense interest in the result of the present movement. The chairman had expressed a wish that the government should take up the question. He could say that her Majesty's present ministers, especially Lord Mor peth, who was at the head of the Woods and Forests, bad ably, honestly, and zealously endeavoured to carry through parliament a measure of sanitary reform, but he had hitherto been prevented by a faction and by circum- SWIM which he could not control. He had thought it his duty to state thus much in justice to the noble lord. It wu a misfortune that in the House of Commons every interest was represented but the public interect. (Hear, hear.) Money, commerce, trade—every interest was admirably pro tected in the House of Commons but the public interest, whit was entirely undefended there. (Cheers, and a cry of shame.") Not but that her Majesty's ministers (and see tog he had been generally opposed to them, his testimony in their favour would not be considered partial) bad evinced a most anxious, zealous, and enlightened ,sprit in the cause of the health of towns reform. By many of the opponents of the measure it was thought that the agitation on this question was all a delusion, and that the excitement in the public mind against the intramural burials was not genuine, but was promoted by those who were interested in the various cemeteries round London. He, however, as one who had fully investigated the subject, could say that the practice of burying in towns was a gross, a crying , i,,t an b a e lsomi ff nable, and dsogerous . nensanse, which eeziren in to n an ev y st in er an c lzi:l e i d sed o untry, ught w t hich t i o lid not east nation c but Great Britain. (Hear.) Was it not disgraceful that in this, the nineteenth century, that nation which gave the lead to all the nations of the earth in honour, in deeds of arms, in com 'tierce, in trade, and in all noble enterprise, should be the last to think of the health other own people ? The effect of efficient sanitary measures was shown by the mortality in the navy, now as compared with what it was sixty years ago. When Commod. Anson sailed in the Centurion round the world, and by his gallant achievements did much to maintain the glory of British arms, he loin by death, in two and a half years, 75 per cent. of his grew, owing to the filthy state of the ship. Subsequently, within the last five or ten years ' a vessel of the same ids-, in a similar voyage round Cape Horn and the Pacific, lost only 21 per cent. of her complement in the same period. If such was the beneficial result of are and attention to the health of the seamen engaged in cur navy, what might we not expect in diminishing the rate of mor tality, and decreasing the sufferings of the people, if the same tality, attention were paid to the sanitary state of our large towns, and an efficient Health of Towns bill were enacted ? There was another point to which he had last session drawn the at tention of the home.secretary, and to which he would now advert briefly : Suppose, as was probable, that this country should be again, within the next five or six months, visited by the cholera—that dreadful pestilence, which, up to the present time, even the wisest of the medical profession had been unable to grapple with—what would those members of parliament whe stood in the way of the government in their endeavours to pus a measure of sanitary reform have to an swer to their consciences and their constituencies for the course they, had adopted ? He considered that there were five requisites which should always belong to every place where human beings took shelter, which five requi sites he had embodied in a resolution, and submitted to the committee of the Rouse of Commons over which be Tow ra Nom= Oommuston OF Enmatts.—Yes terday a Court et Commiseioners of Sewers for the Tower Hamlets, was held in the board-room, Great Alie-street, Whitechapel, for the despatch of business. Mr. Alderman Musgrove having taken the chair, Mr. Pundit called the attention of the court to some severe strictures which had appeared in the Unify News, in reference to the manner in which their affairs were managed, and which he thought aught to be noticed by the commissioners in their official capacity. The extract having been read, the Chairman said whatever might be the opinion of others, he could say that during the whole time he had been connected with the com mission he had seen nothing but the utmost desire to for ward the great work of sanitary reform in the meet economical manner possible. The coet of their commission he found to be 2401. per annum, and no more, for the whole of that important district. The annual ex pense of the Holborn and Finsbury division far exceeded that sum. The commissioners of the Tower Hamlets were determined, independently of all passing remarks, to leave no stone unturned to effect the object for which they were ap pointed.—Mr. Parnell then sat a,that,some time since, a com mittee was appointed to draw up a bill for the protection of the commission. It was not at present known whether Lord Morpeth would press his measure or not, but he, Mr. Parnell, thought they ought to do something for themselves. —The Chairman remarked that the committee were actively pursulog their labours. He considered it to be a duty totleta, public to show to the government that they were met behind the legislature, not only in desiring, but is memo rialising them fur powers to effect sanitary improvensest— , Mr. Henderson said that the commissioners had not proper powers given them to make sewers and levy rates on the parties who ought to support them when they were made. Owners of property ought to be compelled to pay towards the maintenance of effective drainage—Mr. L'nwin, clerk to the commissioners, then read a letter from the solicitors of the St, Katharine Dock Company in reference to the pay ment of four rates due ti the commission for sewerage, which had bees in dispute about twelve years. (The rates in question were nearly 2,0001., the company having disputed the right of the levy of the commissioners in several courts of law.) The following is a cop of the letter : To the Clerk of the Tower lla Commission of Sewers.--Bir, We are now authorised to state for the information of the commis- Stoners of sewers for the Tower 111101k13 that it Is not the Intention of the Bt. liatlaarinies Dock Company to offer any further resistance to the payment of Ms rates which have been imposed on their property. —feigned) Topes, Son, and Faccowm. THE HEWLETT FUND.—Yesterday an adjourned meeting of the subscribers to the fund for the relief of the family of the late Rey. Mr. Hewlett was held at the Free masons Tavern; the Rev. Dr. Russell in the chair.—Mr. Alston, M.P., having stated that the object of the present meeting was merely to propose a trust deed for adoption, and to appoiat trustees to whom the money subscribed was to be transferred for the benefit of Mr. Hewlett's family, the trust deed was read and approved of, and the Rev. Dr. Russell, Algernon H. White, and It. G. Alston, Esq., were appointed trustees. Votes of thanks were passed to the London committee, and those who acted in co-operation with them, for their unwearied exertions in behalf of the family of Mr. Hewlett, and also to the masons of Essex and the masonic body generally, for their efforts in the same cause. It is estimated that the money subscribed amounts to about 3,oool.—The chairman having been requested to communicate to Mr. Leary, of the London committee, the names of the trustees appointed by the meeting, and to express their readiness to receive the contributions of the London committee, the meeting separated. COMPLETION OF THE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH BE TWEEN LONDON, LIVERPOOL, AND MANCHEETER.—After months of labour in laying the wires, a thorough commu nication was yesterday effected between London, Liver pool, and Manchester, from the company's temporary offices. in Seymour-street, Euston square. Messages and the state of the money markets were interchanged between the three places. The delay in completing the through commu nication has principally arisen from the difficulty in fixing the wires through the Watford tunnel, where the men have been employed day and night. The communication is at present carried rid Rugby to Normanton ' and thence paral lel with the railways to Manchester and Liverpool; but the wires are being rapidly strung up from Rugby, and thence rid the Trent Valley Railway to Manchester, as well as from Rugby to Birmingham and from tiirmiogham to Gloucester. The communication will be forthwith carried to the central station now erecting in Lothbury. MYSTERIOUS ROBBERY AT THE GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY TERRI:MS.—It will be seen by our Marylebone police report, that early yesterday morning a mysterious and extensive robbery was discovered at the Paddington Railway station ; the amount stolen is supposed to be somewhere about 1,2001. It appears that Nash, one of the company's police sergeants, found the dear of the second-class passen gers' office open, the entry no doubt having been effected by means of a skeleton-key. From this office a passage was made through other offices contiguous, and from these were carried off notes, gold, and silver to the amount above alluded to, the doors having been broken open and egress made with t h e property at a door adjacent to the office of Mr. Collard, chief police superintendent of the company. Every exertion is being used to trace the depredators. INQUESTS, YESTERDAY.—LOVE.—By Mr. Payne, at Guy's Hospital, on the body of Eliza Nancarrow, aged 29, who committed suicide.—Decessed, a widow, was a servant at the Trinity Almshouses, Deptford, and had been in a very low and desponding state for the last six or eight weeks, brought on by • love affair. She had been keeping com pany with a young man who was religiously inclined, and very much attached to her, but by some means they broke off the correspondence, which deeply affected her mind. On the lit inst., in a paroxysm of excitement, she caught hold of a knife and inflicted a dreadful wound in her throat. She was removed to the above hospital, where she expired from the effects of the wound on Sunday last.—After some evidence as to the state of her mind, the jury returned a verdict of "Temporary insanity."--COLLECTINO TAXES. —Striciee.—Before Mr. Bedford, at the King's Arm', Bowling-street, on the body of John Wright, aged 79, a master carpenter, who hanged himself in his own workshop. —Mrs. E. Kilber, sister of the deceased, deposed that on Saturday last a b rokeri named Cox demanded 71. for arrears of assessed taxes, and proceeded to open the door of a lodger. The witness begged him to desist, telling him those were not Mr. Weight's apartments, and requested him to go down stairs, where he would find Mr. V. right and plenty of goods to pay him, and not to disturb or frighten the lodgers. Cox said he should do nothing of the kind, but go where be liked and take what ho liked. He then went up stairs into the lodger's rooms on the first floor, and took an inventory of the furniture. The deceased, who was suffering from rheumatic gout, became greatly agitated at the conduct of the broker, and frequently exclaimed, " lam a ruined man," and that had they but given him three hours to pay he could have raised the money. The deceased's irritation Increased, and words ensued between him and Cox. Witness sent for a friend, and in the course of a few hours the distress was paid out. Some time after, and in the confusion, the de. 'eased was missed, end was afterwards discovered in a work shop, hanging by a rope to a beam.—Mr. Randolph, a surgeon, who had been sent for, _cut the deceased down.— The broker, Cox, was then called; he denied having been guilty of any such conduct as that imputed to biro, and that the witness Kilber's statement was untrue as to requesting his not going up stairs. He did not know where the deceased's goods were, and had distrained in the first place he could. The deceased was very much agi tated, and said he would be the death of him and his man ; but witness thought he meant to say they would be the death of him.—By the Coroner: He generally distrained first on the landlord, but could take any goods found in the house. —By a Juror. He did not receive any instructions from Mr. Sawyer, the collector, in cases of distras, or on the point of dying. not to levy the execution.—At the request of a juror, Mrs. K fiber was recalled, and in the presence of Cox repeated her former statement, which was confirmed by Mrs. Nichol son.—John Nicholson also deposed to the harsh conduct of Cox, and his threat to turn them all out and leek the doors that night.—Cox positively denied that the statement* were true, as one article alone in the place (a table) was more than sufficient for the levy.—The Coroner having summed up, said it was certainly a meet melancholy case.—The Jury re turned a verdict " That the deceased hanged himself whilst labouring under a fit of temporary insanity, caused by the harsh measures adopted by the assessed tax collector in levy ing a distress for V: —ALLEOLD CRUELTY TO AN AGED FlVSBeND.—Before Mr. Higgs, at the Bull Inn, Clapham. The inquiry, twice adjourned, in the case of Mr. J. Orme, aged 76, a retired draper, was concluded yesterday. The facts have already been reported in this paper. The verdict yesterday wee—. That the immediate cause of the death of Jonathan Orme was the effusion of serum on the brain, and the proximate came a continued series of unkind treatment and neglect." what, he would reek, would the feelings of a parent be in consigning the relics of his lost one to the care of the brutal wretches whose miserable cupidity created such pestilential evils in the me at of living men 1 (Cheers.) Mr. Roosas, a surgeon, and chairman of the Anti Inter ment in Towns Association, also spoke to the resolution, but complained that the Health of Towns Association, with its three bishops and seven clergymen, looked upon the question of burying in towns bat as of secondary consideration, though it was one that perhaps more than any other affected the health of the living population. (Cheer', mingled with marks of disapprobation.) Within the last year 60,000 per sons had died in this metropolis, and 482 tons of decomposing 'human flesh (independent of the bones and other sub stances) were thus left in the midst of this densely-populated city to poison the air with their deadly gases. In 25 years • million of bodies had, through the cupidity of man, been deposited in a space of 218 acres. Having referred to the degraceful state of many of the City churchyards, and the reports made by Mr. Walker, the speaker accused Lord Morpeth of having wanted the moral courage or honesty to bring forward the subject of burials in towns. He also, amidst much confusion, charged the Health of Towns Committee with basing thrown over this part of the question oat of respect to the clergy, who bad a direct inte rest in keeping up the town churchyards. Bad drainage and an insufficient supply of water were great evils, but no thing equal to the burying of the dead in the midst of the living. Mr. &toes defended the Health of Towns Association from the charge of wishing to throw over the important sub ject of burials in towns, and pointed out that it was a promi nent part of the resolution. Ile, however, considered that over-crewding, bad drainage, bad and insufficient quantity of water, were all equally prejudicial to the health of the poor. Unless the lower classes were provided with the means of preserving the decencies of life we could hardly expect from them the moralities. He complained of the monopoly of the water companies, and the high,price which in consequence the public were compelled to pay for that necessary article. It was the duty of the legislature, who gave to those companies the power of taxing, to subject them to an efficient responsibility. As showing the tyran nical mode in which they now exercised their powers he re ferred to a case in Westminster, where a man had been re fused a supply of water unless be consented to pay • year's rate left unpaid by a former tenant. The resolution was then carried unanimously. Mr. C. LUSIIINGTON, M.P., proposed the next resolution : That this meeting deplores the apathy generally evinced by the public relative to the evils referred to la the peecedlag resolution, as well as the absence of sr' uniform law whiehMadd bleena the govern ment to exercise an efficient oontrol over kcal adminbaradve bodies ; and that this meeting pledges itself to aappert the government in any efforts made by It to pus a sound and comprehendve sanitary measure. lie stated, as a proof of the unanimity of opinion on this subject, that he bad that day travelled 80 miles to follow in the sequence of Mr. Cochrane, his late opponent. He had looked into the statistics of the subject, and they manifested a lamentable detail of neglect, misery, and danger. He did not see how we could better meet the evil with which the country was menaced by the approaching cholera than by adopting the measures which had been recommended that evening. It was very important to improve the dwellings of the poor, but, at the same time, it was most desirable to meet the fell antagonist with courage and determination for he had found, when in India, that the natives, from their spirit of fatallem, more generally became the victims of the disease than the Europeans, who, from resisting. often Overcame it. His experience had proved to him that the cholera, like a coward, attacked with the greatest effect the weak and the timid. The hon. gentleman concluded by moving the resolution. Dr. °item, in seconding it, said that fever, consumption, sad epidemic diseases, might be prevented by sanitary measures almost as surely as that vaccination bad set the small-pox at defiance. (Hear, hear.) To prove that disease and death were the result of an impure atmosphere, it was only necessary to say that the proportion of deaths in the country was one in 54, whilst in towns it was one in 38. The speaker proceeded at some length to point out the ill effects of want of sewerage in the habitations of the poor of the metropolis ; the enormous rat incurred from the want of proper sanitary measures, and the crime which resulted from the same cause. The cost in London alone, from the neglect of the public health, was nearly two millions sterling annu ally—(hear, hear)—and all these evils might be got rid of if public opinion were expressed powerfully in support of the government. (Cheers.) The resolution was then put from the chair and carried unanimously, after which Menke were voted to the Chair man, and the meeting dissolved. WRECK OF THE STEPHEN WHITNEY.- NINETY-ONE LIVES LOST. We regret to announce the total lon of the New York packet-ship, Stephen Whitney, off the south-western coast of Ireland, on the night of Wednesday last, some particulars of which appeared yesterday in the Express. The unfortunate ship left New York on 18th ult., with one hundred and ten passengersand crew on board. Subsequently, on the 22nd ult., she was spoken by the packet-ship Sea, and during several days, until the 27th, the twoships sailed in com pany. They then parted, inlet. 41,10 n. 48; the Sea arrived in the Mersey onThursday last ; but so late as Saturday night no accounts were received of the Stephen Whitney. O s Sunday morning, however, • letter reached Liverpool from Skib bereen, dated Friday, the 12th inst., announcing that a vessel had been lost on the coast on the night of Wednesday but. Copy of a letter from J. Allen, chief-mate of the S. Whitney, to Messrs. F. and J. Sands, dated Skull, Nov. 12 : " It is my painful duty to inform you of the lass of the S. Whitney, with her noble commander, on the night of the 10th inst. We had no observation on that day, wind strong from S.W., weather thick ; at six p.m. we close reefed the *wails and reefed the courses, intending to haul off the feed at eight p.m. ; but at eight precisely made the land off Crealaven, which we judged by the lighthouse to be the Old Head of Kinsale. We immediately made all possible sail and hauled oft shore; at nine we kept away, Channel course, judging we were clear of all danger, but at ten made the land a-head about pistol shot. In the act of staying (owing to the tremendous sea) the ship went ashore stern first, nearly broadside on. The island proved to be the Western Calf, inside Cape Clear. The scene that followed baffles all description; out of 110 passenger' and crew only 19 were saved. Captain Popham was washed sway from alongside me, and I have no doubt killed immediately. In 15 minutes from the time she struck she went to atoms. The survivors are all here, landed half naked, and all more or less hurt on the rocks. The authorities here are very busy saving the wreck, but it is in such a dreadful state that it will scarcely pay the labour. Several bodies have been found to-day (crew and steerage passengers), and were buried on the island. " I have written to the consul at Cork, stating our dis tress and I hope to hear from him shortly. We were near perishing, had it not been for the kindness of some gentle. ETITERISATION SUPERSEDED.—Professor Simpson, of Edinburgh, has, in the trichloride of formyle, discovered an agent which more rapidly, pleasantly, and without communi catiag any offensive odour to the clothes of the patient, pro duces entire insensibility. No inhaler or instrument of any kind is necessary. A few drops put on a handkerchief and thus applied to the mouth end nostrils produces the desired effect in a few seconds. Last week Professor Simpson brought his discovery before the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Edinburgh. THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 16, 1847. men here. We shall leave for Liverpool as soon as we can." The Cork Southern Reporter says: "The bodies of a lady and child were thrown on shore. The lady had three gold rings on her Bogen, and was very richly dressed. It is reported that there were three verse lost on the same fatal night. The vessel has completely gone to pieces, and the cargo, which is said to be very valuable, is being carried off by the country people, who flocked in thousands to the scene of the wreek._ The Stephen Whitney was a splendid vessel of 1,034 tons burden, and belonged to the class of packet-ships termed the " red st ar line," of which Messrs. Thos. and Jos. Sands and Co., of Liverpool, are the consignees. She was built in New York about seven years ago, and took the place of the packet-ship St. Andrew, which was wrecked off this port in the memorable gale of January, 1939. The late commander of the Stephen Whitney, Capt. C. W. Popham, was highly respected, and was en active and a skilful navigator. He was for some years chief officer of the ill-fated ship, when under the charge of Cept. W. C. Thompson, and succeeded to the command, about two years ago, on that gentleman I resigning to superintend the construction of the screw steam ship Sarah Sands. IRELAND. DUBLIN, Nov. 14. Tipperary still marches from atrocity to atrocity. Every act of barbarism is followed by another still more outrageous. Mr. Uniacke Bailey, an extensive land-agent, and chairman of the board, on leaving Nenagh at half-past five o'clock yesterday for his own residence, in company with his brother-in law, Mr. Head, was fired at within a short distance of his own house, and frightfully wounded. His mouth was shattered to pieces by a large discharge of slugs, and Mr. Head was also seriously injured. The injuries inflicted on Mr. Bailey are supposed to be mortal. A more excellent and considerate country gentleman there does not exist in Ireland than the victim of this terrible outrage. Another horrible murder was perpetrated on Friday night in the county Limerick. The abject of the assassins was the murder of a man named Ryan— the wife of that unhappy man their victim. A party entered the house of Ryan at the early hour of seven o'clock in the evening. A man named Tucker was with him on their entrance, and they announced their savage purpose. Ryan threw Tucker between himself and the murderers ; they succeeded in sepa rating both, and a gun was pointed at their intended victim. His wife flung herself before her husband to shield him, and received the shot in her left breast; it planed out at her back, and she fell a corpse. The assassins then decamped. Ryan is steward and bailiff to Sir M. Barrington. The Limerick paper records a dozen outrages at least besides that fearful one just noticed—houses attacked for arias, property violently taken, and armed parties pa rading openly the country—the process of the law courts violently opposed, as in one instance we find it stated that the house of a civil bill bailiff was attacked, and a large number of decrees, ready for execution, abstracted, together with his arms. It is gratifying to know that in this instance three of the neighbouring peasantry followed the marauders, and succeeded in recovering the arms, which the party flung away in their retreat. The decrees were not restored. Tue POOR-LAW CORMISSIONERS have refused to acknow ledge the redgnation of the Rathkeale guardians. They cannot, by a voluntary act, get rid of their responsibility, and must continue to administer the law until further no. tice, or bear the consequences. It is probable, however, the order for their chasolutlon will soon go down. PROVINCIAL INDUSTRIAL ScrtooL7irie Bury School of In dustry was opened on Thursday last, in a spacious and well. lighted room in Mr. Greg's mill, nuclear, the use of which has been kindly granted for the purpose. Notwithstanding the unfavourable weather, a number of ladies and gentle. men, repreaenting the established church, the catholics, the dissenters, and the methodists, assembled, and proceeded to the election of a committee and officers. The young women, in number near forty, who came for instruction, were soon seated at their employment ; and in the afternoon an addi tional number were admitted. It was agreed not to make the duties of the school irksome by length of attendance; and the hours fixed upon were from half-past nine to half past eleven in the forenoon, and from half-past one to half past three in the afternoon. The school is now fairly in operation, and judging from the general sympathy which the liberal, unsectarian basis of its constitution ails forth From all closets, bids fair for a career of prosperity and use fulness. MR. EMERSON'S THIRD LECTURE was delisered to the members of the Manchester Athenieum on Tuesday evening. He was loudly applauded on entering the lecture theatre by a very large and respectable audience—probably a thousand people--of both sexes. In introducing his sub ject, the lecturer said he ailed these discourses " Lectures on representative meat' meaning to describe in each one large and inevitable class. Every fact in the universe ie re lated on the one aide to sense, and on the other to moral being. The whole game of thought is, on the appearance of one of these two sides to find the other. These sides are called, in the language of the philosopher, infinite and finite, relative and absolute, apparent and real. Each man is born with a predisposition to one or other of these sides of nature. One class has the perception of difference; is conversant with facts, cities, and persons ; with particular works, &e. They are the men of talent and action. Another clue abide by the perception of identity, and are men of faith and philosophy—of genius. Each class doubts or despises the other. The abstractionist and materialist thus mutually exasperate each other ; and the scoffer, expressing the worst of materialism—there arises a third party, who occupies the middle ground between these two—the sceptic, who holds both wrong, as being in extremes ; while he deems that human strength is not in extremes, but in avoiding them. He neither affirms nor denies, but stands balanced, to try the cause ; he was their skeptetn, to consider. Who shall forbid 11.16111 scepticism, seeing that there is no practi cal question on which anything more than a proximate solu tion is to be had ? This, then, is the right ground of the sceptic—of considering, of aelf.containing—not at all of un belief, universal denying or universal doubting ; least of all, of scoffing and profligate jeering at all that is stable and good. The wise sceptic wishes to see and judge all things, but mainly man ; and the ticket necessary for his admission to this spectacle is, that he have a certain solid and intelligible way of living of his own ; for the secrets of life are not shown except by sympathy and likeness; men confide only in their peers. These qualities meet in a singular manner in the character of Michael de Montaigne. [After describing his own first acquaintance with the works of this writer, and giving the opinions of others respecting them, he briefly sketched the chief incidents in the life of Montaigne, and the prominent features of his character.] Moutaigne has anticipated all Hinge and hits at French freedom; his book isa string of confessions. It was only to be pleaded for his free style that, in hie time, books were written to one sex only, and almost all in Latin. He pretends to most of the vices, and if there were any virtue in him, he says it got in by stealth ; yet the opinion of his invincible probity grows in every reader's mind. His essays are an entertaining soli loquy; Montaigne talking with himself on every random topic ; allowing nothing to pass for settled ; trying every thing without ceremony, yet with the most masculine sense. There have been men with deeper insight, but never a man with such abundance of thoughts. He is never dull ; never insincere; and has the genius to make the reader care for all he cares for. Montaigne talks with shrewd ness and knowledge of the world, of books, and of himself; he uses the positive degree, never shrieks, or protests; has no weakness, no convulsions, no superlatives. Hu Montaigne succeeded in expressing the hitherto inexpres sible, in giving voice to the bat and inmost of man ? He was not a sceptic in that bad sense in which the world has loosely used the term. We are all nature* believers; truth, or the connexion of cause and effect, alone interests ns. We reject a sour, lumpish unbelief; but the clue which Mon taigne represents' are not without their reason and value, and every man, at some time, belongs to that elan; every superior mind will pass through this domain of equih bration, of inquiry and consideration, on his way to the heights of truth. The cause of things is not a fact, but a power; and the religion or philosophy by which we attempt to describe it is some fixed word or form, end is, therefore, inadequate to describe it. Our life in this world is not quite of so easy interpretation as preachers and school books are accustomed to describe it. Shall we, then, be cause a good nature inclines us to virtue's side, smoothly say there are no doubts, and lie for the right ? We ask, whether life is to be led in a brave or a cowardly manner, and whether the satisfaction of our doubts he not essential to all manliness; whether the name of virtue is to belts barrier to that which is virtue ? In such scepticism there is no malignity • it is honest, and does not hinder the man's being convinced, and, once convinced, he is worthy the pains, and will be a giant In defence of his faith. The true and final answer, in which all scepticism is lost, in the moral senti ment, that n forfeits its supremacy. The faith of the generous mind avails to the whole emergency of life ; he can behold with serenity the yawning gulf between the ambition of man and his power of performance—between the demand and supply of power which make the tragedy of souls. The lesson of life is practically to generalise; to hold all particulars lightly in view of the whole ; to believe what the years and centuries say against the hours ; to penetrate to the catholic sense, which is really expressed (though occult)y), by every particular. While all these things seem to tend downwards, to justify despondency, to promote rogues, to defeat the just, still by knaves as by martyrs the just cause is carried for ward. Although history teaches w that knaves win in every political struggle; although society seems delivered over from the hands of one set of criminals into the hands of another set, as fast as governments are changed, and the march of civilisation is an endless train of felonies—ye general ends are somehow answered. Heaven seems to effect great results by low and small means. The needles are nothing; the magnetism is all. Through toys and atoms a peat beneficent tendency irresistibly streams. Let man learn to look for the permanent in the mutable and fleeting ; let him learn to bear the disappearance of things he was wont to reverence without losing his reverence ; let him learn that he is here in the world a pupil, not to work, but to be worked upon ; aad though abyss open under abyss, and opinion displaces opinion, all are at last contained in the Eternal Cause. If my bark sink, it is to another sea. • V1Z43.1.4. YORK INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FOR DESTITUTE CHIL MIN.—The attendance of children at these school has lately increased both morning and afternoon. A fortnight ago there were forty in the morning, and the two last Sab bath afternoons there were, including teac►ere, about sixty individuals crowded in two small rooms. The experience of every day convinces the conductors more and more that there are in York a large number of children who would attend • school where food was combined with instruction, but they cannot come without the former, unless they starve. As to the girls' school, fifteen came the first afternoon, three weeks ago; and the last afternoon, there were twenty-seven. Pin-a forts have been made for them to wear at the school ; and they have been provided with means for washing themselves before commencing work. They are taught to read, sew, and knit. Through the kindness of several individuals (some of them in rather humbleeircumstances), the conductors have had a good supply of bread or biscuits lately. so that none of the poor famishing children have now to be dismissed without being supplied with a small portion of food. CHARGE OF ARSON AGAINST A TRADESMAN.—Ym terday the mayor of Nottingham was occupied with the charge of wilfully setting fire to premises in High-street, in that town, preferred against W. H. Spicer, hatter, by the agent of the Manchester Fire Insurance Company. Mr. Barnes, chief constable, said, that on Saturday night last, a few minutes after 11 o'clock, a fire broke out In the shop occupied by the prisoner, which wu extinguished after raging for about half an hour ; but not before it had de- stroyed everything in the interior of the premises,and ignited several of the surrounding buildings. Circumstances of an extremely suspicious nature coming to his knowledge, he was induced to arrest the prisoner, as facts that would be adduced tended to show that the fire had been created for the purpose of recovering 4001. from the auurence company, although by a document found in the prisoner's possession, the value of his stock was considerably under 1001. Mr. E. Patchitt, who appeared for the insurance office, craved an adjournment of the ease until Friday. The legal adviser of the prisoner consented to this arrangement, and asked permission to be allowed to see his client in the meantime. The bench declined making the order, but said the application should be taken into consideration. .. AN ELEPHANT'S REVENG E . -At the recent Lut terworth fair, among other holiday exhibitions a menagerie was conspicuous. A party of young men purchased a quan tity of apples, and amused themselves by pitching them into the elephant's mouth, apparently to the gratification of both parties. A labouring man, who had evidently been devoting too much to John Barleycorn, picked up a stone, which he also threw into the open mouth of the elephant, but the latter had no sooner discovered the imposition than he raised his trunk, and bringing it dawn on the offender with great violence, instantly prostrated him. The animal was proceed ing still further to mark his sense of the indignity, but assistance being promptly afforded, the party was rescued. WAR I STOPPAGE OP TIIE RAILWAY WORKS.-0 , 0 cor respondent at Birmingham states that the impedimenta which have checked the progress of the railway works have produced various disastrous consequences on a small scale in that town. Amongst these may be noted the brickmakers, who have felt deeply the effects of the panic. Acting upon the great and continued demand, and presuming upon its continuance, many persons embarked in this trade, who have, from the causes referred to, been involved in ruin. Yesterday a failure was spoken of to the extent of some seven or eight thousand pounds : others are to a smaller amount, but the injury will be not the lean deeply felt, involving so it does persons of small means, to whom the loss may be irreparable. A GRADUATED PROI'IRTY-TAX.—A meeting, pre sided over by the mayor, was held on Friday, at Portaea, to consider what steps should be taken respecting the income tax. Messrs. Shepherd, Slight, Batchelor, Ralph, T. Hos kins, end Hogg addressed and severally.detoiled to the meet ing the many instances in which this "odious, iniquitous, vexatious, and oppressive tax " was carried out. The speakers were not opposed to the tax itself, as the ways and means must be found ; but it wu the mode of collection that was objected to by all; and resolutions were passed to the effect that a memorial to the government should be pre ' 'tented in favour of a graduated property-tax, with a state ment of the grievances complained of, and, if neceaury, to be followed by a petition to the House of Commons. Mr. F. T. Baring, M.P. for the borough, was present, and having been called on by part of the meeting, said he could give no opinion on the grievances complained of until he had heard both sides of the question. To drag such an immense popula tion as that of Portsmouth to Fareham, to appeal 'grout income-tax surcharge. was monstrous— Farelaam should come to Portsmouth. He would support the petition to get rid of the evils in the collection, but feared the other evils complained of were concomitant parts, and the nature of the tax itself, and not to be got rid of. It was now the law, and if the government required the tax to be continued, he could not be one to refuse it. He could not held out any expecta tion of its being abolished; on the contrary, looking at the present state of the country, he thought it might require to be increased. The hon. gentleman did net see how they were to get out of the dilemma. The income of many people could not be got at without the inquisitorial part of the act. If the tax was to be made a permanent one, he should first require a great elteration, and could not allow that the in come gained by the sweat of the brow should be taxed equally with real property.—Mr. Compton, M.P., followed, and shortly stated that he would gladly go hand in hand with his right hon. friend the member for Portsmouth. OWING TO THE GENERAL SUSPENSION OF NEW WORKS throughout the Great Western lines, between 300 and 400 mechanics have been discharged from the company's locomotive works at Swinton. The 800 or 900 mechanics retained at work have volunteered a reduction of three-and a-half per cent. upon their wage towards the support of those out of employment, Mr. Brunel, the engineer, sub. scribing 1001., and Mr. Gooch, the locomotive superin tendent, half that amount. All building operations are sus pended, though the town is not half large enough to accom modate the increasing population, there being, in some cases, as many as from eighteen to twenty people compelled to take up their quarters in one cottage, rented, at about 20!., from the company, who hold the entire property of the town. TUE ATTEMPTED :116tDE12. --- ATil) SUICIDE AT READ nro.—Yesterday an inquest was held touching the death of James Hearsay, the wretched man who, after making a murderous attack on his wife on the evening of Friday last, destroyed himself, under the circumstances already described iu this journal. Evidence was given to show that the de ceased laboured under a belief that his wife had been un faithful (whether justly or not was not clearly proved), which belief had driven him mad. The jury, without re tiring, found "That the deceased, James Hearsay, de stroyed himself while in a state of temporary insanity." At the close of the inquiry, the coroner spoke of the de ceased's sons, and it was understood that the parochial autho. rities will take charge of them in the event of their mother's death. SEIZURE FOR RATERONA RAILWAY.—On Wed nesday morning a novel scene took place at the Chelmsford Railway station—nothing less than the officers of justice marching upon the line, warrant in hand, and clutching with the strong arm of the law a first-class carriage in pay ment of the sum of 311. due for poor rates to the parish of Margaretting. It seems the directors imagined themselves aggrieved by the weight the overseers laid upon them, and commenced an appeal at the last quarter sessions, when it was thought the question was in a train for decision, but they suddenly stopped short and abandoned it. Still the cash was not forthcoming ; nothing was, therefore, left for it but a little compulsion. As the trains, however, made no stoppage in Margaretting,:but went whizzing and snorting and whistling on, and as cuttings and embankments, and drains, andbridges are not very saleable commodities, it was found ne cessary to put the law in motion in the neighbouring parish of Chelmsford. Accordingly a warrant was issued, signed by Captain Skinner, chairman of the bench; the once laid hold of, was committed to tbo safe keeping a strong lock, the worthy magistrate holding the key, and when last we beard of rt certain officials of the company were hovering round, endeavouring by legal conjurations and mystic parchments to bring it from the house of bondage to the fr..-' of the rail. it LITERATURE. History of Row for Young Persons. By Mrs. HAYILTON OILAY. The accomplished historian of Etruria, wearied, perhaps, re with addressing an erudite audience, has devoted her powers and knowledge to the in struction of the young learner. There cannot be fitter school volumes. They are simple, interesting, each term and thing clearly explained ; while there is no gratuitous criticism, none of those learned doubts which have puzzled maturer readers of classic history, since the advent of Niebuhr. We have descried but one instance of this prevalent dubiety in Mrs. Gray. This is, where the story of the Sabine women rushing in between their fathers and husbands is rejected as improbable, and this, because combatants fought at that time hand to hand, and were mach exasperated. This circumstance affords support rather than disproof to the story. Much as we approve of these volumes, we are never theless of opinion that the most palatable and inte resting form in which such facts and scenes should be presented to the eye of youth should be rather that of biography than of history or annals. Old Plu tarch is the most interesting of ancient historians for readers of almost any age. There is not any paramount necessity for young people at once arrang ing what they learn in chronological order. This may be left to the after-work of the maturer mind. The storing of young imaginations with facts, scenes, and characters more in the order of prominence than of exact succession, is what is most required. Pester ing children with chronology is a great mistake. HISTORIC TREASURE9.—SOOIB valuable inedited and hitherto unknown letter. of Queen Elizabeth to James VI. of between theyeere 1581 and 1804, and relative to the Armada, ItabingtOn's Conspiracy, the trial of Mary Queen of Scots, and other public events—have lately been placed at the disposal of the Camden Society for the purpose of publication—and will he put to press imme diately. They are described as being strikingly characteris tic of the royal writer, and constitstang an interesting lath tion to the materials which we already possess for that eventful period of our national bietory.—Athenonon. /Int girls. THE NEW PROFESSOR AT THE ROYAL ACADEMY. —Mr. C. R. Leslie, R.A., is named as the snethaeor of the late Mr. Howard in the office of Professor of Painting at the Royal Academy. We have heard Mr. Leslie lecture on Raphael end some of the Dutch masters, and introduce the results of his own practice in his set, with great good sense, and whet is rarer still, with a good deal that was original in what he said. The Dutch and Flemish schools have never been done justice to in the Royal Academy lectures, while all that Vaaari bas said of the Italian schools has been told twenty times over, and beaten into something inferior to and thinner than gold leaf. ROBERTS'S EGYPT AND NUBTA.—Parts six and seven (in one) have just appeared, containing siz full-sized illustrations and siz vignettes ; and we have again to com mend the admirable effect produced by the introduction of colour and the always careful matinee in which the archi tectural details are attended to. The architect will find the " Egypt and Nubia" a far more useful work to him in his profession than the " Rely Land," to which it is a kind of necessary supplement. The massive grandeur of the Egyptian architecture can only be understood at home from Roberts's drawings ; while the traveller who has sttn the temples depicted by the artist can beet appreciate the faithful transcripts be supplies of the noble structures he has stood wondering among. SCOTLAND DELINEATED.—From the grandeur of Egyptian architecture, the ruins of Karnak and the Temple of Edfou, it is a change to turn to another serial publication of the same size—the " Scotland Delineated," with Dowie's Tavern, Dumbarton Castle, and Dunbiane Cathedral. Yet the change is a suggestive one ; for here, in Mr. Cattermole's Duablane Cathedral, we miss all that is valuable in the architectural details, and we have nothing more than the site of an apparently featureless building. The number, in other respects, is a very esoellent one; and Mr. Cattermole has caught the striking characteristics of " Dowie's Tavern " and " Flesh market Clore " with all his well known accuracy and breadth and spirit of effect. 'strafing frlusit. SOCIETY OF BRITISH MCSICLANS.—The accord of this society's series of chamber concerts took place last even ing, and was fully attended. The selection was an agree able mixture of compositions by members of the society, with pieces by great foreign masters. The performance began with Haydn's quartet in B flat, op. 76, very nicely played by Messrs. Thomas, Wheatley, Weslake, and W. 1.. Reed. Spohr's well•known duet, " Dearest, let thy foot steps follow," was sung by Miss Thornton (a young lady whom we heard for the first time) and Mr. W. 11. Seguin. Miss Thornton was somewhat nervous and timid, but appears to be a promising nog , r. Her voice is a so prano of excellent quality, and her intonation very good. A manuscript song by Mr. C. Horsley," Come with me, love," was sung by Mr. Lockey, and encored ; but notwithstanding its reception, it was less happy than some of the composer's previous vocal pieces. The air was somewhat meagre, and required the condiment of its rich and piquant accompani ment to save it from insipidity. To find a new and unhack neyed strain of melody is the great difficulty in musical com position. The forms of melody seem to be well nigh exhausted. All that composers in general can do, is to ring the changes in old phrases, dron ing them in new harmonics; while a fresh and ori ginal melody is a rare achievement of genius. The way to testa vocal air is to try its effect without any accompani merit—a test which very few modern songs would be able 14 stand. A quartet for the pianoforte, violin, viola, and vio loacello, by Mrs. Reinagle, did honour to this lady's talents as a composer. The first movement, is particular, was free, bold, and effective. Sometimes She attempted too much, and Involved herself in contrapuntal mazes, from which oho could not well extricate herself. Her own execution of the principal part on the pianoforte was ad mirable. Mr. J. Thomas's quartet for stringed instruments, played by Mears. E. W. Themes, Wheatley, Westake, and Reed, was received with great applause, which it fully de served. It was from beginning to end a masterly composi. tion, full of elegant and expressive, if not very original, me lody, rich and graceful in its harmonies, and clear and simple in its effects. Mr. Thomas appeared to have taken Mozart for his chief model. A long rambling song, said to be by Weber, was sung by Miss Thornton. it was remark able only for the odd, awkward way in which the original words were " done into English." Mr. H. Westrop's seen, " Winter," the words front " Thomson's Seasons," is a fine composition, and was well sung by Mr. W. H. Seguin. Spohr's Quintet in C minor, for the pianoforte, flute, clarionet, horn, and bassoon, was performed with excellent effect by Mr. W. H. Holmes, Clinton, Badderley, Catehpole, and Hardy. Mr. Clinton introduced a new species of flute made entirely of metal, and vary clear and brilliant in tone ibeyond this we cannot speak of the merits of the invention, which is an entire novelty. The concert finished with Beethoven's trio, " Tremate, erapjoremme," sung by Miss Thornton, Mr. Lockey, and Mr. W. H. Seguin. THE DRURY-LANE OPERA.—This theatre, we un derstand, will be opened as an English opera-house in the first week of December. The first piece to be produced is an English version of " Lucia di Lommermoor," which is already in rehearsal. The principal characters are to be performed by Madame Dorus.Gras and. Mr. Reeve. Mr. Balfe has completed an opera, entitled " The Maid of Ho nour," which will be the second piece produced. In it there are three female parts, which are to be sustained by Miss Birch, Mrs. Weiss, and a younger sister of Miss Laura Ad dison. M. Berlioz, the musical director of the theatre, arrived in London some days ago. %Irk Drama. HAYMARKET.—" The Roused Lion" is the title of a new comic drama in two acts, which was produced at this theatre last evening. The dramatis persoms revolve round and are set going by Mr. Webster, who supports the prin cipal character, and is a " Lion " whose ' Rousing " is productive of more pleasantly than, taken in a roological point of view, would be imagined. Monitor de Faith:erten° to an old remnant of society during the Consulate and the Empire. He arrives in Pans on a visit to his godson and heir, limest, who, wishing to conceal his gaieties from the old gentleman, countermand, the orders which ' he has given for a brilliant party of men of fahion, sad of ladies quite as brilliant, but of reputation la trifle more exceptionable. A letter from one of the former tablet° the hands of Salaams, whothereby discovers the festi vities which he has interrupted, and finds himself described as as " old mummy " by the writer, Hector Mattlean— (Mr. A. Wigan), who regrets his arrival, and the consequent failure of their expected sport. The reeding of the letter is the pre lude to the rousing of the " Lion," who, notwithstanding his advanced years and apparent feebleness, resolves to import and re-establish for himself the reputation for fashion and gallantry for which he had been pre-eminent in his youth, and revenge himself at the same time upon his maligner. He Insist, upon the arrangements for the party being proceeded with, and appears himself upon the occasion completely metamorphosed. In place of the tottering and ill-dressed old man, he is again the gentleman and the courtier—a change which is marked by Mr. Webster with the eye and hand of an artist. Then commences the triumph of the old school over the new. The polished re finements and politesse of the one are admirably contrasted with the swaggering and superficial pretension of the other —as it is there represented—and considerably to the discom fiture of La Jeune France, in the person of Hector slault4,a. How the ancient gentleman beats him a: every point where they are brought in contention—how he renders him ridicu lous by his raillery; how he wins his mistress from him ; and how, when challenged to the foils, he covers him with chalk and confusion, would require some space to relate—suffice that be fully achieves his re venge in the eyes of everybody, and, besides that, discovers among the guests one to whom he owes protection, and whom he marries to his heir. Although the interest is centred in one character, the action is by no means confined to him. Mn. Keeley, Mrs. Seymour, and Miss Reynolds, Mr. Wigan, Mr. H. Vandenhoff, and Mr. Howe, have each individual claims to commendation. The acting of Mrs. Keeley is finished and artistic in a high sense. Ile; character is an opera dancer, whose modesty is of so active a descrip tion as to excite a serious and well-founded doubt of its in genuoiumess. Her great point appears upon the face of it • small one enough, being merely the occasional display of an uncle, but it belonged essentially to the part, and its truthfulness was by no means lost upon the audience. Mr. Wigan was, as usual, more than clever is the flippancy of the French dandy ; and Mr. H. Vandenheff, as a blast' ex quisite, betrayed • power which promises better things, Au reale, the piece has faults, but the principal one—its some what unnecessary length—may be easily corrected by what critics are wont to call "a judicious application of the pruning-Irnite." The audience was, however, patient, and unanimous in the award of applause. The" Roused Lion' mast therefore be placed on the list of 1111Callite. AND CLERICAL UNIVERSITY OF LONDON.—SECOND EXAMINATION PON. THE crow or BACHELOR or MFRIEINF. lB47.—First Division: Beck, T. 8.. Univ. QM.; Bose, 8., Univ. Coll.; Brintou, W., king's Coll.; Crisp, H. lanes Con.; Rode , P., Kings Golf. ; Forster, J. C., Guy's Hap. ; VotheMy, H. 1., Gus Hosp. ; Greenwood, W. H., Guy's naz i ; I . ili ne clos, J. 8., Guy's H asp.; Holman, W. H. London Heap.: J W., Guy's Hasp .; Littleton, N. H., Univ. Cull.; Monskton, S., s Coll.; Ramekin, J. 8., Gay's Ilaop ; Raman, W. H., Univ. Coll. ; Rygete, J. J., London Hoop.; Fed, C. C., Univ. Wigleineorth, H. Univ. Con. Second Division; Green, T, Roy. Coll. of Surg. in Ireland; King. G. H., Guy's Hap. BACHELOR OP Laws. 1847.—First Division: Farner, I W., Horrerica Coil. Sexed Division : Spicer, T. T., Univ. Coil. PRISPERMENT.—Rev. W. T. Tamer, to Ooze It., Sussex: tho. Chichester; pats, C. and T. Turner; vacant by death of Rev. I). Fear= NAVAL. THE SLATE TRADE. Eatraet from a letter dated. Detain& 13ay, west coast of Africa, Aug. 1847 :—We are all on the loak.oat for two large Ream slaters that are expected oa the east. One, it is reported, has 'edged with 900 Waves ea beard. Penelope wile tcemorrwer on • cruise, and will eadeavour to fell In with some of them. The excitement of • chase beeps up oar spirits on this dull and monotonous station, and we have had no Wok of this enjoyment lately ; the slavers are awaking over in, swot numbers under Ameri can colours, and as soon as they get their homes oars* on hard steal away ln the dead of the night with their tree colours or none at all. The Wanderer, 16, Own. Montrone, has arrived from the northern divides, and Bound, 10, Cam Wood. from the .• . . The Hound has dime gone to Cape lopes to relieve the ' _. „ _... i.• • vowel will proceed to Ascension and theeee , 4 ,,....."AN„C.A, .‘• • to, under Lieut. ICU, Ms cam to • • , ••• . „,, o .iiio . .. patched to Meention and Serra • will relieve the Sires, ordered to . • . • .., ••• 0, Cam. Wood, has teem also &keened •• • • • ' station, taking despatches to ••-• • . • j;„.. :. s tap - • will he the nest ship to go home : t 74: t o lided, and W. SOW, the pareor of ,••._ _ • • tail .. . P • la Me geolark. Dr. J. Will .= ii...kary• have • - •ap . • • (i.