The Express. — London, England, 1851-07-11 00:00:00

I 1 Lloyd'', where eke he had ppastes .eeved a list of 30 or 40 mole rt by Malay or Iai UME replie Dyak d, and the house divided— For the motion Allakst The motion was emminantly lost. STOCK 114 TRADE BILL. This bill mimed threes\ emaraittm, and wee reported t. the bones. TURNPIKE TRUSTS ASSANOEMENTS BILL. This bill pained threggli_simmittae, and was MILITIA BALLOT SUSPENSION B r at, " This hill passed t dd oeunnittee, end won reported. The P . Ltelitsisas Bid, went through coat mitts' The et Timm (Ireland) Bill aloe want into seeiniitme, and the &Ames repereel On the melee ef Its W. Sur malitlia • Pre = was given kirks k •ME Swam he amend ma est et the sixth year of Meg Willimal• to eseedidate eat mood the taws poking Is the esallaz7 twee in Lreini. Mr. STATIOILD thet whoa this been meta at twelve Aka. easy da Webearlep haberday, it the Weer bee been d rat Were three *Week, or at three *seek precisely, notwithstanding there oily be botheese an discussion, Mr. Speaker do leave the chair whitest pilling any qu estion; and that the bows do re name its sitikgs at live e'eloek. After a kw words from Mr. Brotherton, the amimillor at the Exchequer, Mr. Henley, and Mr. P . Mains* The motion wee withdrawn. The house adjourned at one o'clock. PARLIAMENTARY DIVISION. HOUSE OF COMMONS. BORNEO.—MR. HUME'S MOTION. Are, Ne4 l3 o ; zi Ncß . slo. Hayworth, Lawmen Willcox, B.Ghia Mr S. N. Laidartsh ia Lharks Whom, John IC t Wl Mama, William Bi n J. 4. Jalma Jabs ai lbre L Abriinekt Hume Urquhart, David AISWAIIR Waluday, Rr L Wit erortoo. TO COI • Irmil Mem it;iiiiger. -4- «ii•i;iai - ihs ems melee, WOW wiry Tuesday sad ?rift, sieht, la U.. kr pg. • . . __ . johortleeneeeeheeeeed fee" The Elmo," Lerner ryes* pow, meet be el lie gees, 1., Ikeiverie•streel„ by Two &sleek as tbe day of pailleedes. HIGR WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE . Ties MT—Nantes. 4isi. To.iteasew—lloratag, S 4 m. - - - LONDON, FRIDAY, JULY lt. THE report of M. 1* TOCQVEVILLE on the pro- Celrevision of the republic is likely to produce tic impression on the minds of men or the course of events. It is a cautious and elaborate attempt to write history by anticipation. Logically things must happen on given contingencies in a cer tain way. But do events generally marshal them selves in logical order ? Above all are the expe dients that may be suggested to a bewildered nation on the brink of anarchy capable of being foretold in a schedule ten months before-hand ? A nver threatens to quit its bed and to form for itself a new channel, whereupon fifteen grave engineers of the most opposite theories and predilections, sit down and agree, after much cogitation, to the course it may with . propriety take, and append to their chart of the corning irrup tion, the coxcombical mandate, " This way or Done ! " c majority of the commission by whom M. roe Toeuervitils report has been adopted, admit them selves to be reluctant revisionists. Were it possible to jump the chasm of 1852 in safety they would rather try and do so, than recommend they convoca tion of a Constituent Assembly, to whose plenary powers must be committed the task of deciding the organic future of France. But as the time approaches when both the executive and the legislative are by law to resign their respective trusts, and when for a season the country is to undergo what the report terms "an eclipse "—intense misgivings as to the casualties that may ensue overpower all other feel ings, and at any cost or hazard they have come to the conclusion that some attempt ought to be made to bridge the abyss. But then comes the question of what form and of what materials shall the bridge be made? To this M. n 1 ToctsuevtLte philosophically declines giving any reply whatever; but as to the proper time when, and the legitimate method how, on these points the political metaphysician is stern and inexorable. The sovereignty of the people is, without reserve, declared to be above and beyond control in the es- i sential choice between monarchical and republican institutions. That a moribund legislature should arro- , gate the right to limit the discretion of a convention chosen by universal suffrage is repudiated as wholly inadmissible. Order and civilisation can only be secured by a loyal submission to the will, frankly expressed, of the absolute majority of the Option. Yet, in the midst of this bold and strong common , sense,there limp about a number of paralytic scruples about article 45 and article 11l of the existing consti tution, literal adherence to which is made a condition nt to any reform whatever. Revision is dared on the ono hand to be a necessity, if the state is to be saved, while upon the other, it is made strictly conditional upon the all-but incredible case of obtaining a majority of three-fourths of the present contemned assembly. The nation's will is supreme once it gets leave tole) pronounced, but without the leave of an expiring chamber the will of the nation has no business to be thought or spoden of. The sketch of the inherent vices of the present in stitution, as drawn by M. De TOCQU eel Eis about the best part of his performance. The unmeaning and unmanageable size of the constituencies which renders the " whole ticket" system the only practicable one in general elections, and thereby gives to the dictation of the noisiest clique or club the force of millions,—is vividly pourtrayed in a few brief but pregnant sentences. It is plain that a better re-distnhution of electoral rights is requisite in France before personal fitness can be fairly esti mated in the representative or personal discrimina tion exercised by the elector. Where 100,000 men have to name ten for their delegates, it is impos sible that a real selection can be made. Better fisr that every 10,000 should be permitted to make choice of one. The evil thus indicated is the antithesis of that which we in England labour under ; but it is not the less actual and operative. Pew persons will, we think, recognise the same cogency or clearness in the strictures which follow on the direct method of electing a President. The cases are in nowise similar. No man is likely to be named chief magistrate et France who has not already a national reputation. The contrast drawn between the French law of 1848 and the American law of 1789 does not we confess appear to us calcu lated to throw much light a.. the matter. The federal union desired to ye the means of selecting a safe sentinel to walk up and gown the small power magazine established at Washington. The intensely centralised common wealth of France wished for a chief a thaw!, who should at least look ss if he was ready to lead an army of the Rhine. More to the purpose are the remarks of M. DE TOCQUEVILLE on the hopeless equipoise crested be tween the legislative and executive authorities by the crude constitution of 1848. " They dwell in an eternal tets-a-tete—liable to disagree because human and fallible—yet without an arbiter of any kind to compose or compromise their differences." The every-day result we have too clearly seen in the divided and doubtful responsibility of ministers, and the consequently equivocal right of the majority of the Assembly to compel the cabinet or any member of it to do or to forbear to do any single act. Some means of obviating this defect is urgently needed. Compared therewith, and the due subordination of the heads of administrative depart ments to the representative body, the title of the chief magistrate or the term of his office are in our judg ment matters of minor moment. To do M. DE TOCQUEVILLE justice, we must say that his essay on change is free from the besetting sin of French state literature, for it flatters nobody. There is not a word to propitiate the self-conceit of the conservative majority, as little to inflate the vanity of the Mountain, and still less to soothe the temper of the Elysee. Without uttering any very dis tinct reproach, the various factions are told circumstan tially that after making due allowance for the difficulties of the position, they must each and all sacrifice much of their own way, if they mean the state to ride safely through the storm. But with an excess of pragmaticism., each is superfluously reminded of its power to thwart and mar, while the community at large is adjured to respect implicitly every such exercise of power, for the sake and the love of legality. Strange that so acute an observer of men and things es IL DE Tocciunviu.a should seem to forget that what renders loyalty to law of priceless value is the general assent to its sanction, and that devotion to its written forms becomes a mere idle affectation, when through those very sanctions a bold and honest hand like his is compelled to drive the plough-share of fundamental, total, and revolu i tionary change! WHAT has the Crystal Palace done for railways ? The weekly returns of receipts up to the 30th of June are now all published ; so that we aro in a position to answer the question for the first half d the year 1851. But the first half is always, we must remember." the worse half of the railway year. It is in the months of July, August, September, October, and November that people move about most in this country; it is in the autumn that stocks are replen ished ; and in the autumn that goods are chiefly ex ported. In spring we are stationary, we keep to our homesore stick to our fires ; and in May and June the harvest has not furnished the means by which the abundance of ono district supplies the population of another. Moreover, in this special year, it will most likely be during the present and the next month that the Continent will pour its strongest streams into London. For then all Germany has its holidays, to be turned this year from its baths to Hyde-park; and then'the French law and university vacations occur. If the Exhibition has not an jet done all for rail ways that the sanguine anticipated, the gloomy must not therefore conclude that railways have had up to the 30th of June the full rateable benefit of the great show ; for the gradually increasing returns in dicate that increasing numbers are coming. Most people do, however, express disappointment Int the returns; that is, with the pecuniary receipts. For when the number of excursion trains that the greater lines run is taken into consideration; when we think of the crowds which they bring up and take back, and the low fares at which they are carried; the pecuniary receipts of railways at present fur nish very inadequate materials for estimating the number of persons actually conveyed to and from l London. Railway companies are commercial enter- 1 prima ; and even in this year we must not expect them to carry at fares that aro not substantially re munerative. By doing anything of tho sort, their directors would be sacrificing those interests of their constituents which they were chosen especially to support ; and would turn what is a source of profit to all other trades into a loss to the carrying trade. And a narrow examination into the rates and ex- 1 penses of the excursion trains would probably show that directions have generally gone nearer to the , margin of loss than the external community has any claim to even in 1851. Of the average weekly receipts for the half year ending 30th June, 18.51, striking a weekly average of the whole amount of money taken in the half year, it may generally be remarked that the weekly average is under that for the half year ending 29th December, 1850. In other words, the effects of the Exhibition on the bad half of this year have not quits pulled the average take up to that of the good half al last year. Thus, the average per week from the Ist July to 29th December, 1850, on the North Western was 46,2101., whilst the average from the 29th De cember, 1850, to 29th June, 1851, was only 45,3501. The average of the South Eastern for the same periods was 13,7041. against 11,5651., though in the pest half-year nearly 30 miles have been added to its length. That of the South Western was 11,2371. against 10,4021. That of the Midlands 23,1661. against 20,5821. That of the Lancashire and York shire, 15,5431. against 15,1281. In one case only is there a small increase in the weekly average; that is in the Great Western, where the figures are 18,6731. against 16,8751. last half-year. Ordinarily these two half-years arc not fair periods of comparison; but as the present is an exceptional year, wo have compared them, in order to get at a formula by which to expres . s the effect of the Exhibition on railway receipts; and it may be put thus; it has made the bad half of the year 1851 nearly equal to the good half of the year 18,50; and that, we submit, is a very substantial benefit; though of course to what extent we cannot correctly appreciate, until wo know the additional working expenses incurred in the last half year by excursion trains, and these, it is obvious, must be very considerable. The rate of mileage increase during the half-yar is, however, very remarkable. The lowest point on the North Western was for the week ending January 12, when the week's receipts gave 731. a mile ; whereas the mileage for the week ending June 29 was no leas than 1261. On the Great Western the lowest point in the half year was 431. a mile, the highest 061., also in the last week of the half year. In the South Eastern the mileage figures are 331. qpiest 65!. • in the South Western, 33/. against 69/. ; in Midl ands, 361. against 461.; in the Lancashire and Yorkshire, 511, against 831. for Whitsun week, when all the manufacturing districts make holiday, but against 661. only for the week ending 29th June ; in the Eastern Counties, 371. against 55/. ; and in the Great Northern, 291. against 531. If, then, the rates at which in the closing . weeks of the last half-year the mileage has been increasing shall be fully supported in the present half year, the effect of the Exhibition on railway traffic may yet reach the expectations entertained by reasonable people. For to the impetus which the Exhibition will give to travelling in the travelling half-year, must of course be added the impetus it will also give to com merce during the commercial half-year. FRANCE. PARIS, TRVIUIDAT EVINTNO. Yesterday the Council of State held an important debate upon the bill for regulating the responsibility of the executive power. Three plans have been proposed: one by M. Renneville, in strict con formity with the constitution ; the next by M. Rouher, tending to make the President, as under the monarchic system, an inviolable and I irresponsible agent ; the third by the committee, com bining the character of the two others, in accordance with the spirit of the constitution. At the close of the debate the principle of M. Renneville's bill was adopted. In the course of the debate a question was mooted which is at the present moment of the highest importance, and stands in close connection with the report of M. de Tocqueville. The case of responsibility was put, in which the President should provoke the subversion of the 45th article of the constitution. The bill of M. Renneville woald in this case subject the head of the executive to im peachment for high treason by tho high court of Justice. After a very animated discussion this clause of the bill was adopted by 18 votes against 9. General Baragnay d'Hilliers has resigned his office of commander-in-chief of the army of Paris. The Cusatitalionnel says that this step, which has stirred some sensation, is simply the necessary result of the rule which prevents representatives from receiving a mission for more than six months consecutively. M. Pepin-Lehalleur, a leading Bonapartist, is sure of being returned for the Seme-et-Marne, having obtained 22,676 votes out of 29,637. General Fabvier yesterday gave notice of a motion foe the election of the Constituent Assembly by uni versal suffirage, in case the revision should be voted. M. do Laboulie has been appointed reporter on the departmental province of the Municipal Bill. ITALY. ROMAN STATES. Our correspondent at Rome in his letter of the 4th, sends us the important intelligence that the King of Naples disembarked on the evening of the 2nd at Porto d'Anzio, where he was received by Car dinal Antonelli and the ministers of his holiness. His Majesty proceeded on the following day, under an escort of Roman dragoons to Castel Gandolfo, where he had a long conference with the Pope. He returned to Porto d'Anzio, and re-embarked the same evening. The negotiations for the withdrawal of the French troops from Rome are continued. Ferdinand offers to garrison the Pope's capital with 10,000 Neapolitan troops; and the Austrians are said to be willing, in deference to the French government, to withdraw their troops from Umbria, and concentrate them at Bologna and in the Legations. 'Mho French, on their side, are desired to withdraw to (lite Vecchia. THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY The Giorsolo di Roma contains the papal bodget for 1861. The estimated receipt. are 18,679,745 sendi ; the estimated expenses are 12,338,489 wadi; which leaves deficit httle short of 2 millions of wadi. The French steam-frigate Gomer arrived on the 30th at Civita Vecchia, with a battalion of light in fantry from Corsica, and will receive on board in exchange another battalion, recently marched out of Rome. The remains of Cardinal Pesch and Madame Letitia will be conveyed by the same steamer to Ajeccie. The French minister, Count Rayneval, lei written a handsome letter of excuses to Mr. Free born for the mistake committed in depriving the English Vice-Consul of his guns at Porto d'Anzio ; and the arms had been restored. NAPLES. Our correspondent at Naples states in his letter of the 4th inst. that the fortifications at Gaeta were geeing with activity. A detachment of the r c e c il army of occupation at Rome had taken up quarters on the Neapolitan frontier. The prisons were clearing of their occupants, who were transported to the hulks. SPAIN. MADRID, Itax 5. Today M. Madoz made a speech against the bill for the settlement of the debt, which occupied the whole sitting of the Chamber of Deputies. The Gazette contains the report of the committee ap pointed to examine the bill for the settlement of the floating debt. Bermudez de Castro has postponed his motion till Monday. ARRIVAL OF THE BRAZILIAN MAILS. [nr siscrsic [FLOM OUa OWN COHRWIFONDIINT.] SOUTHAMPTON, FRIDAY Monitrito. The Tay has just arrived. Her dates are: Buenos Ayres, May 28; Monte Video, 31st; Rio, June, 1 lth ; Bahia, 16th; Pernambuco, 18th; St. Vincent, 26th; Teneriffe, July Ist; Madeira, 3rd; Lisbon, ith. ho yellow fever had disappeared at Rio. The Brazilian government have recalled their mi nister from Buenos Ayres, and everything indicated the approach of heatihties. One of Rosa's generals had declared against him, and others were expected to follow. A German battalion, of nearly 4,000 men, had arrived at Rio; they are at present quartered in the town, but are to be sent to the frontier as soon as possible. Great things are expected of them. Other bodies of troops from Germany are shortly expected. At Rio, a heavy fall in the price of coffee is ex pected, on account of the unfavourable news brought by the Tay, and the somewhat heavy stocks on hand. The hide market is very dull. Stock is firm at the quotations. The island of Grande Canary is in a deplorable state, on account of the cholera. Two thousand persons are said to have died out of &popu lation of eight thousand. UNITED STATES. The most important intelligence brought by the Humboldt (whose arrival at Cowes with dates from New York to June 28, was announced in yes terday's Express) is that of the nomination by the Pennsylvania whig convention of Gene nil Scott for the presidency. Resolutions were passed, at the same time, in favour of a protective tariff, approving, in general terms, of the compromise laws, declaring strongly in favour of the Union, and evincing full confidence in the measures, policy, and principles of Mr. Fillmore's administration. A reso lution specially directed to the support of the fugitive slave law, as it now exists on the statute book, was rejected by a large vote, thus unequivocally leaving that question open for agitation, either by way of repeal or amendment, in some subsequent congress. This is the first regular whig nomination made by any state convention for the contest of 1832, and it comes from one of the most powerful, influential, and respectable of the old thirteen, Pennsylvania, always considered the keystone to the arch of the Union. --- Whig organs consider this announcement as likely to be aigreat blow to Mr. Webster, as they say New York, Ohio, and other states will follow Pennsyl vania's lead. Meanwhile Mr. Webster has gone down into Virginia, where he is speaking, as in New York, in favour of the Union and the constitution. The Erie Canal Enlargement Bill has passed the legislature of New York. It is stated that no less than four hundred thou sand dead letters have been received in Washington from California. This accounts for the six or eight hundred thousand disappointments which have been experienced within the last year or two, by people in the Atlantic States, who wrote thew letters, and the people of the Empire State of the Pacific, to whom they were addressed. News has been received front Hayti contradicting the report of a recent conflict. Apropos of rumours respecting tho Sandwich Islands and the negotiations going on at Washing ton on that subject, the New York Tribune puts forth the following statement : We are informed that an agent of the government of the Sandwich Islands is now at Washington, with full power to negotiate important changes in the relations between the islands and the United States. He is the bearer of two propositions —one for the establishment of an American protectorate over tho islands, their government and internal organisation remaining the same as now; the other for the abdication of the king, the complete resigna tion of the authority into the hands of the people under suitable republican forms, and the definite annexation of the islands to this republic. These propositions are sub• mitted to our government for its choice and acceptance, with an earnest request from the king and all his ministers, that one or the other of them may be promptly embraced and acted upon. This step, we have reason to believe, has not been taken without deliberation and perfect conviction that it is both necessary and timely. The subjoined telegraphic despatch from Toronto, dated the 27th ult., hadhoeu received at New York; It is understood, though not officially announced, that the government are prepared to extend liberal aid to the whole line of railroad from Halifax, Neva Scotia, to Detroit, Michigan, via Quebec. An agent of Baring Brothers is here, and it is understood that the whole loan can be ob tained under the imperial guarantee, at 31 per cent. In the House of Assembly, last night, the ministry stated, in answer to an inquiry, that no overtures have been made to the opposition to form a coalition government. Mr. Mackenxie moved for a committee to draught a bill to abolish the Court of Chancery. The government resisted, and narrowly escaped a defeat, the vote for the motion being 30 against 34. Many of the ablest lawyers advocated the olition of the court. By way of New York we have dates from Valpa raiso to the Bth of May, about a fortnight later than the last dirge. advice.. Tranquillity ose eennistaly restored to the province of Enstiont. The aguesireended in the recent disturbance wanmetally rellevoinig, and bat few of the national W boa Mat. The esatinsee of the council of war, eosdaoiaE te AMA t 7 Alma of Valdivia for aiding in the rebellion, was scallreeed by the court-martial. Peti tion to the 111101,Innit to a ononatation of the sentence had uEby die sad several ladies of the most hes. The • population of Atacama were highly iseeral at the news of the outbreak in Santiago. Great alarm bad been excited in Valparaiso and Coplere b the appearance of the cholera. Oar salraspoadent writes as follows : NEW YORK, Jona 28. A public meeting has just been held in this city, at which a number of bluestockings were present (of the social order), and at which it was resolved to introduce the new costume for females wile qui coeds. The chief spirit in this movement is a very handsome woman, a Mrs. Oakes Smith. No one knows who her husband is. This lady lectures with some elegance, and maintains that all the respect now paid to the female sea is owing to the gallantry of the poets ' done. Whether she alludes to Anacreon. Ovid, Horace, Piron, Rochester, and Little Moore, I cannot pretend to my. I had always supposed that Christianity was the foun dation upon which the female character rested for security. We understand it is resolved that a procession shall take place in this city, at an early day, in which the advocates of the new costume are to appear. The case of Willis and Webb has been so far reached as that an order has been issued by the judge that Colonel Webb deliver up -sh•-deftere of Mo. Coddington to a receiver, or to the lady herself, at his option. The case of Mr. Forrest has not been tried. Testimony is being taken on both sides. Mr. James, the ;novelist, has bought • small estate in Berkshire, Massachusetts, and is about erecting a mansion upon an eminence within his domain. The warm weather has begun, and our people of fashion are fast leaving town for the watering places. Our political news is somewhat interesting. The Whig convention of Vermont, a state which has hitherto been con sidered the most rabid of all the anti-slavery states, has solemnly agreed to support the Fugitive Slave Bill, and every other law of that character, wail declared anooseti• EVENING, JULY 11, Issl. tational by the Supreme Court of the United States. The whig state convention of Pennsylvania has nominated General Scott to the presidency, without any particular demonstration of its feeling on thu question. Mr. Webster, now in Virginia, has been invited by the whig convention of that state, to pay that body. it a visit. This may possibly lead to Ths his oaosiastiss by dsmoosis slots tosoostiss, is Massachusetts, his ressiesi M soppott tho tospeoosioss and the fugitive slave law. — I nodes au eisensashioes of interest in relation to ship Willing. Is 1144 there were but seven ships belonging to Is pal of more than 1.000 tons burthen. Now, all the new vssols, olosasen and sailing packets, are built law. lAN hos is sled She W boo of lON Ism avenge. It is said a vessel is to be S Timm Wad amoraint of exports of specie for this year, so far, le 17 millions. The amount received during that period is 27,576,632 dole. ; the balance being pet in oar favour. [For markets see lost pogo.] M. DE TOCQUEVILLE'S REPORT ON THE REVISION OF THE FRENCH CONSTITUTION. The following is a translation of the report : A great number of citizens have espressed a wish to have the constitution revised; 232 of one colleagues have collet , tively petitioned to that effect. Assuredly • question of greater importance could not be regularly brought forward, and Ism not sure if, even in this country, which for the lest siaty years has witnessed No many singular events and undergone such strange turns of fortune, swore catraordi decision has ever been asked for front a deliberative . . Anew constitution is usually the necessary consequences of a revolution. It sums up, defines, and regularises the ideas and the facts, which the revolution, its immediate predecessor, brought to light or imposed. But, in • perfectly legal manner, without at the first glance there appearing any absolute necessity for the act, to deliberately turn up the foundations of the law for the purpose of endeavouring to construct them differently, or to change their position, to Impart this shock to the existing legislation, in the midst of • people agitated by contrary passions and interests, amongst whom, less than four years before, all the poli tical institutions had been transformed, and for the first time, perhaps, in this world, all the others discussed and 'seriously called in question—that, gentlemen, certainly, is alike rare and daring. Let us examine if it be necemary. And, first of all, it is true that the preseut constitution is defective ; and, Heti, are its vices of such • nature as to call loudly for amelioration ? No one in the committee has attempted to deny that the constitution contains defects which it weal* be useful to correct. The minority confined itself to maintaining that these defects—a necessary evil inherent in every work of man—were not the principal cause of the agitation and Un easiness so much complained of, and that they had not led to the painful situation in which the country is now placed. It is not to the constitution, say they, that all this must be attributed. but to the political men who for the last two years have been putting it into practice ; and so much noise is made about correcting the laws only because those persons have an inclination to conceal their own faults. If the monarchical parties had not unceasingly aimed at overturn ing the Republic, in place of contenting themselves with the task of governing it—if the executive power had not constantly endeavoured by every effort to quit its own sphere—the constitution, in spite of its importance, would have been able to ensure security to men's interests and tranquillity to men's minds. The majority, gentlemen, has not been of that opinion. It has thought that, independently of all the private causes which may be alleged, a great part of the evil must be at tributed to the vices of the constitution itself. The desire to take possession of power and to preserve it, political pre judices, the reminiscences, the rancour, and the passions of parties are, they declared, the ordinary concomitants of his tory. Good constitutions are those which repress easily or keep within bounds the vices inherent in human nature ; ones are those which favour and excite them. The consti tution of 1848 is marked by this latter characteristic, it renders the government unstable and stormy ; it requires from those who govern a moderation, a disinterestedness, and • sort of utter abnegation of themselves, which it is dangerous to ask for from men, and which it is perhaps puerile to look for. Many criticisms have been brought forward against that constitution ; but we shall confine ourselves to briefly placing in relief the two principal ones, for, if they were well founded, they would su ffi ce to cause the revision to be desired. The first relates to the manner in which the sovereignty of the people is exercised in one of its principal acts—the election of the National Assembly ; to cause to be elected by the same seraglio de lute ten represen tatives at the same time by 100,000 electors, is to de cide, it has been urged, that the minority shall tri umph, or that the majority shall act by blind chance. A false result or a blind vote—such are the ordinary conse quences of such a system. It is impossible, in fact, that the entire population of a department can have any sure means of appreciating properly the merit of all the persons who present themselves as candidates for its suffrages. Scarcely have the greater part of the electors over heard even the names mentioned of one or two of thine persons. What then is the result ? That in districts where agitation prevails, or in times of public excitement, the violent par ties impose on the people. without consulting it, their choice ; that in districts which are tranquil and at calm momenta, the list of the representatives is drawn up before hand by some agitators, with • view to particular interests, and to satiety personal hatred or friendship ; and this list is afterwards followed by the electors, as the only clue which can lead them out of the midst of the darkness which en compass them; the election, which has the appearance of emanating from the totality of the citizens, u, in reality, the work of a very insignificant coterie. The second objection made to the constitution is still more important, since it relates to the origin, nature, and relations existing between the two great powers which make the laws and apply them. A chamber charged alone to make the laws, a man charged alone to preside over the exe cution of all the laws, and over the direction of all affairs ; both of them elected alike by the universality of the citizens ; the Assembly, all-powerful within the circle of the constitution ; the President, obliged to obey it within the same limit ; but in virtue of his election of a moral force which permits him to think of resist ance, and renders submission difficult ; enjoying ooklet all the prerogatives which fall to the lot of the hind GC ths executive power in • country where the public adminitem tion, disseminated everywhere, and mixed up with every thing, was instituted by and for the monarchy ; them two great powers, equal in their origin, unequal by right, con demned by the law to an uneasy position with respect to each other, invited by it in • certain measure to suspicions, jealousies, and conflict; obliged, however, to live closely counected together in an eternal fete-d-fete, without meet. ing with any intermediate object or arbitrator to conciliate or restrain them—such conditions am BM Mom of a milder and strong government. As long es magma remain in OM state, it may be said that the republic bet met herd MI proper position, that its governments presidium, and Yet the sincere basoftde trial which ought to be ed is sot complete. The constitution is, then, defective. However, gentle men, if we had considered only tho vices of the constitu tion in itself, we should have hesitated to propose to you to cause the country to undergo immediately the crier of a revision, a crisis always formidable, but particularly so at present. We would have waited for calmer times and more favourable circumstances, trusting in the good sense of the public, which has sufficed for the last three years, and might suffice still, to correct in practice the defects of the laws, if the general situation of business, the state of men's minds, the peculiar dangers of the moment—in fine, the dissoluble of the circumstances in the midst of which we are placed, permitted as to postpone the vote. These different reasons, gentlemen, are delicate, difficult, and, perhaps, in certain specs dangerous, to explain be fore the Assembly and the country. We, however, will state them without obscurity or circumlocution. You will be pleased to remember, whilst listening to us, the country will not either forget that it does not depend on us that the question of the revision his been raised. When such formidable questions are once brought forward, there is more danger in con cealing their gravity or in dissembling the real motives for solving them, than in speaking out clearly and resolutely. At the approach of the crisis which menaces the nation, everything becomes secondary to the necessity of enlighten ing the whole body of the citizens and of convincing our selves. The revision has been attacked on several different sides. Themembers of the committee, who, although belonging to the majority of this assembly, are opposed to the proposed measure, have not been the least bitter opponents of it, and have only differed from the others in their point of view. You propose to appeal afresh for the revision to universal suffrage, have remarked same, but you have destroyed it ; can • pert of the nation revise a constitution, which was the work of the whole nation ? Can the members who voted against the law of May 81, because in their opinion that law did not merely weed out, but in reality mutilated the electoral body, can they vote honourably for the revision as long as the law of May 31 is not modified ? It is a mistake to imagine that the constitutional majority of the three fourths can ever be obtained en the /trembly. Thus in voting for the revision, it will not he expected that such • course shall be proceeded to—au that will be effected is to weaken the moral power of the constitution and to reader its violation more easy. The constitution, said others, is certainly not without defects, but the moment is badly chosen for correcting them. In the present division of parties, and amidst the confusion of men's , minds resulting therefrom, what common ideas can be represented by a constituent ) The country will not see that the evil is stall more in itself than in the laws ; let it first of all ascertain what it wants, and then an attempt may be made to lead to something else than what now exists ; but u long as it is divided as we now behold it, to ' collect together • constitution is to agitate it without profit, to disturb the patient without curing him—is to increase the chaos and not create light. In the sterile excitement thee called for the conservative majority, which has saved us, runs a great danger of being broken up; it may present itself united before the electors, as long as the question only relates to the mode of conducting affairs under the existing government; but the moment the form of that government is called in question, that same majority must be divided before the colleges and so open • passage to its common adversaries. Also, many of those who call out so loudly for revision have other aims in reality , it is not the revision which is desired ; many of those who ask for it with most apparent earnestness would be greatly grieved to obtain it, and they would have taken right good care not to meet the question had they not felt assured that it would not be solved. What is desired in reality is to agitate the nation, is to compromise and group pia adeanee the electors in the interest of an candalateshm, for the success of which the administration has been labouring with an ardour and an audaci.y far ex ceeding what has been ever seen in any other case. What also is desired is, to prepare for each person, or for his friends, a ;good chance at the coming election, by entering at once on the Fleetness and passions of the people, and in flat terin it with the chimerical hope that a constituent will remedy the misery which it endures. The majority of the committee, gentlemen, has not given way to this reasoning. It does not deny that the revision may be dangerous; but it considers it exceedingly &emery. It is wrong, no doubt, to yield too easily to the current of public opinion, but it is not always prudent or patriotic to resist it. The rules of conduct of statesmen in such a matter vary according to the spirit of the times and the form of the institutions. In free countries, and above all, in deasoeratical ones, where good or evil can only be accom plished by the aid of the masses, above all their affection and confidence must be preserved. When they are en wry, troubled, and suffering, and ask for a remedy, to re fuse it to them because it is believed to be less efficacious than they suppose it to be, is to drive them to despair ; is to force &cm to adopt, under other conductors, a different conduct and other political maxims. Betides, what they affirm here by a vague instinct, it is our duty to desire by a profound examination of the situation. (To to 000tiourd.) gig Court. The Duchess of Kent visited the Queen yesterday at Buckingham Palace. Prince Albert, attended by Lieut.-Colonel Francis Hugh Seymour, was present at a field day of the troops in Hyde park yesterday forenoon. Prince Albert, attended by Licut.-Colotiel the Hon. C. B. Phipps, presided ►t the Council for the Management of the Duchy of Cornwall, at the Duchy Office, Somerset House, yesterday. Prince Alfred, the Princes, Royal, and the Princess Alice, took an airing in an open carriage and four yes terday. The Queen went in state last evening to honour the Royal Italian Opera House with her presence. The royal procession quitted Buckingham Palace at seven minutes to eight o'clock, in the following order:— The First Carriage, conveying three Gentlemen 'Ushers, Sir Frederic Smith, Mr. Arthur Blackwood, and Colonel Diggle;; and the Rion of the Yeomen Guard in Waiting, Captain Phibbs. The Second Carriage, conveying the Silver Stick in Waiting, Colonel M.Douall ; the Field Officer in Waiting, Colonel Hay (Coldstream Guards) ; and the Pages of Ho nour in Waiting, Mr. George Grunt Gordon and the lion. W. F. Forbes. _ _ . Triliib • & tri o age, conveying the Equerry in Waiting, Lord A. Charles Fitzroy ; the Equerry in Waiting to the Prince, Lieut.-Col. Francis Hugh Seymour; the Groom in Waiting, Sir Edward Bowater; and the Groom in Waiting to the Prince, Colonel Wylde. The Fourth Carriage, conveying the Bedchamber Woman in Waiting, Viscountess Forbes; the Clerk Marshal, Lurd Alfred Paget; and the Treasurer of the Household, Lord Marcus Hill. ' The Fifth Carriage, conveying two Maids of Honour, the Hon. Eleanor Stanley, and the lion. Caroline Cavendish the Lord in Waiting to the Prince Viscount Clifden ; and the yiee-Chamberlain, Lord Ed wa rd Howard. The Sixth Carriage, conveying the Maids of Honour in Waiting, the Hon. Amelia Murray, and the Hun. Lucy Kerr; the Lord in Waiting, Lord Elphinstone ; and the Captain of tho Yeomen Guard, the Marquis of Donegal. The Seventh Carriage, conveying a Lady of the Bed chamber, the Marchioness of Douro; the Gold Stick in Waitieg, Viscount Combcrinete ; and the Groom of the Stole to the Prince, the Marquis of Abercorn. The Eighth Carriage, conveying a Lady of the Bed chamber the Countess of Coe:lenient ; and the Lord Steward, Marquis of Westminster. The Ninth Carriage, conveying her Majesty the Queen, his Royal Highness the Prince Albert, the Lady of the lied chamber in Waiting, the Countess of Gainsborough ; and the Muter of the Horse, the Duke of Norfolk... A detachment of thC Life Guards escorted her Majesty from the Palace to the Theatre. The Duchess of Kent, attended by Lady Antrusta Bruce, Sir George Couper, and Lord James Murray, honoured the Royal Italian Opera House with her presence lut A deputation of seamen, consisting of Means. Smith, Chalk, Oliver, Fraser, and Holman, headed by Mr. Clay, M.P., and Mr. Hudson, M.P., waited upon the Right lion. Henry Labouchere, on Wednesday, at the Board of Trade. Mr. Falconer had an interview xith Earl they yesterday at the Colonial-other. Mr. James Haywood had also au in terview with the noble earl. Mr. George Hamilton, M.P., and Mr. Maculae] , had an interview with the Commissioners of Railways yesterday at their office in the Board of Trade. THE CIVIC ENTERTAINMENT.—The Lord Mayor received a communication from Lord John itussell cwt evening, conveying her Majesty's approval of all the ar rangements at the entertainment at Guildhall on Wednes day last, and intimating that her Majesty had been pleased to confer upon his lordship the dignity of a baronet of the United Kingdom. THE EARL OF SEFTON 18 ♦PPOINTED LORD LIEUTENANT of the county of Lancaster vice the late Earl of Derby. The vacant barter will be conferred on Earl ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS.—At a meeting of the council of this institution yesterday afternoon, on which occasion Messrs. Coulson and Dalrymple took their seats as members, Mr. John Flint South, of St. Thomas's Hospital, seas elected president of the college ; and Mr. Caesar Hawkins, of St. George's Hospital, and Mr. James Luke, of the L ondon Hospital, were elected vice-presidents for the ensuing year. DIRECT CUICIIP-STER AND PORTSMOUTII RAILWAY. —Yesterday, in the further settlement of the list of contri butories before Master ltichards Mr. Townend, of Man chester, was held liable for 60 ;hares; and the other CAMS taken were adjourned. TUE CAXTON MEmonlm--Yesterdny a meeting was held at the Society of Arts, Adelphi, with the view of Promoting the erection of a monument to commemorate the introduction of printing into England, and in honour of William Caxton, the earliest English printer. The chair was occupied by Mr. Clowes. The Rev. 11. 11. Milman (the Dean of St. Paul's) stated that it was now four years since this design had been conceived by the admirers of the art of printing in the metropolis. The receipts, up to the present time, amounted to about 2461., and the expenses to 681., leaving a balance in hand of 1771. At the last meet ing, held in July, 1819, the treasurer was authorised to incur expenses in collecting fresh subscriptions, but many circumstances had since transpired to prevent this and other steps from being taken. A substantive proposi tion had, however, been received from the Coalbrookdale Iron Company with reference to the erection of the monu ment, the nature of which would be stated by the secretary, Mr. Cole.—Mr. Cole said the proposition was this. The Coalbrookdale Company proposed to erect a figure seven feet high, on a pedestal, to make it suitable for a fountain, to supply the iron work, and to finish and deliver it in Lon dcia for 5004 This company, as was well known, were exten sive contributors to the Great Exhibition; and, finding that they had undertaken large works of statuary on specula tion, he (Mr. Cole) had spoken to the manager, and asked him whether the company would be disposed to erect a statue to Caxton. The answer was, they would undertake the risk, on condition that they should be at liberty to erect similar statues in such other towns of the kingdom as might be willing to pay the cost. There were two questions for the meeting to consider—first, were they likely to col lect 6001. ; and secondly, were they justified in giving an order to the Coalbrookdale Company, on the data they had now before them. His own opinion was, that if a creditable model could be shown, the whole of the 6001. would be forthcoming, for already they had 1701. in hands, and there were outstanding balances duo to the amount of 1601. more. A long conversation ensued--eomo being of opinion that the money ought to be returned to the subscribers, and others that it ought to be handed over to some Printers' Pension Society. Eventually, the secretary was requested to inquire of the Society of Arta, whether they would under take to carry out the design in accordance with the propo sal made by the Coalbrookdale Company, and, in the event of their assenting, the treasurer was authorised to pay over the 1701. to tie Society of Arta. In the event of their refusing, then the secretary is to write to the subscribers and ascertain their wishes as to the final disposal of the money. The meeting, which was very thinly attended, separated, after having passed the customary compliment to the chairman. TILE CATHEDRAL GRAMMAR SCHOOL.—We are authorised to state that Mr. Whiston has received an official intimation from the Bishop of Rochester, that it is his lord ship's intention to avail himself of the assistance of Mr. Baron Parke, in hearing the appeal which Mr. Whiston has made against his dismissal from the Mastership of the Cathedral Grammar School by the dean and chapter. His lordship has further informed Mr. Whitton that it is im possible to fix the time when the appeal will be heard, as it will be necessary to wait for an answer to it from the dean and chanter, and also to consult the learned judge's conve nience as to the time when it may suit him to be present. Dr. Lushington, the chancellor of the diocese, is expected to sit with Mr. Baron Parke, as an additional assessor to the bishop, though we are not aware that any official communi cation has been made to this effect. In the meantime Mr. Whiston remains in possession of the school premises, and of his usual place in the cathedral.—Rotheater Gazette. STRIKE AMONG THE COLLIERS OP NORTII STU , - PORIDeff MR.—There has been a turnout of the men em ployed in the coal-pita of Earl Granville, to the number of MO. The coal and iron trades have been seriously de pressed for some time past, and a reduction of wages has been in consequence expected. Mr. Lancaster, the agent to the noble earl, proposed, it is said, to reduce the wages about sixpence per man per day, and to introduce some fresh regulations in the colliery, which the miners conceived to be oppressive, and hence the present contest. Two pits only have stopped work at present, but it is feared that the strike will become general, as the other masters of the dis trict are supposed to be meditating a similar course. The potters, who are very busy, look with some anxiety on the aspect of affairs, as their interests are bound up in the speedy settlement of the contest. They are large coal con sumers, and if the supply of this necessary article is stopped, their ovens cannot be kept at work, and the whole manu facture is interfered with. No acts of violence have been committed, but the miners are parading the adjacent pot tery towns, and vent their indignation in no measured terms. A detachment of light dragoons entered Hanley and Shelton on Saturday evening. Labe InttUtgence. HOUSE OF LORDS-YESTERDAY. Pllll2lll . : T.. Lois CEAMILLOII. LOID Bwvo,AN, mon 0T6112 _Paw;_ aim moo wow. or role Goorov Law Jima's. CLISKINTACOUSYVS, &c., BARON DE BOOR T. THIS QUIRN:CONFISCATIONS OF THE PROPERTY OF BRITISH BUSIIICTS BY THII PRINCE RZEOLUTIONARY °OMAN- HINT, 1792.—CONYINTIONd NNTWEEN FRANCI AND ENGLAND, 1815 AND 1818.—INDIKNITY This is i writ of error upon a judgment of the Court e Exchequer Chamber, pronounced in February, ltd affirming 'judgment of the Court of Queen's Bench. litigation began with a petition of right presented to tke Queen in 1839 by Clernentioseph, fie., lute Baron de Bade, who died in 1846, and is now represented by his son and ad ministrator, the above named plaintiff. That petition stated, among other things, that the late Baron (the petitioner) was the eon of Charles Frederick Lewis Augustus De Bode, a baron of the holy Roman empire, and colonel of a regiment of German infantry in the service ,of the king of France, by his wife, Mary Kynnersleya daughter of Thomas Kynnersley, Esq., of Lorley Park. Staffordshire, where the said petitioner was born in April 1777. That since 1648 the lordship of Soultz (fur the con fiscation of which the petitioner's claim for indemnity arose), forming part of the barony of Fleckenstein, in Lower Alsace, now the department of Lower Rhine, in France, was an ancient fief descendable in the direct male line, and was held under the empire by the archbishops electors of Cologne, as protectors thereof, who had a right to ap point out of the nobility of the empire a new feudatory on failure of the issue male of the preceding line, and that upon such failure in the year 1786, the said Charles Frederick Lewis Augustus De Bode (husband of Mary Kynnersley, obtained from the then Archbishop of Cologne an appointment to the said fief, and the investiture thereof was in due form given to him, Baron Mules, for life, and jointly with him to his then infant son, the late baron (the petitioner), as the person next in succession. That in the year 1791 Baron Charles, apprehending the consequences of the revolutionary movements in France, and being desirous that the lordship of Soultz should vest immediately in possession in his son, the late baron, made a formal cession thereof to him, and of all his rights therein. and from that time the lordship and lands thereto annexed. were governed in the name and for the benefit of the son, the late baron. That the father and son, in 1793, quitted their residence at Soultz. and took refuge in the Austrian army, then in the neighbourhood, and thereupon the administrators of the Lower Rhine decreed that the father and son, among others named in a list, should be declared emigrants and their property confiscated : that, in pursuance of that decree, the lordship of Suultz, with the mines, forests, lands, and all other property belonging to it, was seized or confiscated, and treated us national property, and part thereof was sold by the French government, and the residue remained in its possession until after the resto ration of the Bourbon family in 1814. The petition, after stating the death of Baron Charles in 1797, set out certain articles of the conventions of 1814 and 181.1, concluded at Paris between France and England, by which certain com missioners of both countries were to be appointed to exa mine the claims of British subjects on the French govern ment for the value of their property unduly confiscated by the French authorities since the year 1792 ; and to meet these claims • capital producing an interest of 3,500,000 f., inscribed in the great look of the public debtor France, was prey i ded, w ith a proviso that if that amount of capital should be insufficient a further sum should be furnished to the extent of the claims, and three months time was given to claimants residing in Europe to present their claims. That bye com mission under the great seal C. A. klackeuzie and four other persons were appointed commissioners of liquidation and arbitration for carrying the said articles of convention into effect on the part of Great Britain; that the late Baron de Bode, then en the army of Russia, delivered to the Russian ambassador in Paris a memorial of his claim as a British subject, and the same was delivered to the Duke de Richi lieu, then prime minister to the King of France, to be by him forwarded to the mixed commission, composed of an equal number of English and French, and which had not then began their sittings; but the Duke de Richelieu, in stead of transmitting the memorial; retained it and sent a let. ter to the petitioner, stating that his claim was inadmissible, inasmuch as his father was a German. That Sir C. Stuart, then British ambassador in Paris, to whom the said letter was shown, stated that he was of opinion that the Duke de Richelieu was mistaken in his mind, and that tho peti tioner, at all events, was a British subject, That on the 22nd of February, 1816, the petitioner communicated the said duke's letter, together with a memorial of his own claim against the French government, by the said C. A. Mackenzie, one of the Ilritish coniniissioners, who then in funned the petitioner that the register of claimants resident in Europe (to whom three months' time was given to send in their claims) had been closed on the preceding day ; but still that, on production of a certificate of the memorial presented to the Duke dc Richelieu, the claim would be put on the register of claimants ; whereupon the petitioner applied for and obtained from the said duke a certificate that he had received the petitioner's claim on the 9th of February, 1816, which certificate the petitioner delivered to Commissioner Mackenzie, at whose suggestion petitioner presented a fuller statement of his claim to the commis sioner*. The petitioner then stated the proceedings so taken by the petitioner to establish his claim before the commissioners, and among other documents a case laid before Sir Samuel ltomilly, and his opinion that the rights and condition of the petitioner were, to all intents and purposes, tke same MB those of a natural bons subject, the son of an English father and mother; that the names of several claimants were inserted in the list after the 21st of February, 1810; , but that of the petitioner was not inserted in consequence of doubts entertained by the commissioner's whether the German fiefs, situated in Alsace, constituted part of France in 1792, and the omission of the name from the list, though unknown to the petitioner, continued until after the passing of the act 59 Geo. 111., c. 31, although frequent applications respecting the claim were made to the commissioners in England and France, up to the dissolu tionof the mixed commission in 1818. The petition further stated that by another convention between England and France, signed at Faris, in April, 1818, for the final arrangement and extinction of British claims on France, acapital of sixty millions of franes,!produe ing a perpetual annuity of three millions of francs, was in scribed in the great book of the public debt of France, and then the petition set out the said act of 53 Geo. 111., c. 31, " An act to enable certain commissioners to carry into effect several conventions for liquidating claims of British sub jects and others against France." The effect of the act was; in the opinion of the judges of the Court of Exchequer Chamber, to bar and extinguish the petitioner's claim to compensation, and the proceedings taken by the peti tioner before the new commissioners appointed by that act, and the rejection by them of his claim, April, 1822, although there was then remaining upwards of a quarter of a million sterling of the funds handed ever by France to provide for claims. The petition also stated that an appeal had been brought by the petitioner to the privy council against the said award of the commissioners, and that after costly proceedings the said award was affirmed upon erroneous statements and views ; that afterwards peti tions were presented to the House of Commons, and a com mittee was then appointed to inquire into the facts of the petitioner's claim, but without any beneficial result ; whereupon, in the year 183,3, the petitioner applied to the Court of Queen's Bench for a mandamus to the Lords of the Treasury, commanding them to pay to petitioner the surplus indemnity funds transferred to them by the commissioners of liquidation, but that application was refused. (See 6 Dowling's Practice Cases, p. 787.) The petitioa lastly stated the petitioner's belief that his only relief was to be obtained by petition of right to her Majesty, and after stating the amount of his claim to be about 532,8351., he prayed in the usual terms. That petition, with her Majesty's indorsement thereon, " Let right be done," was sent to Lord Chancellor Cotten ham in 1840, who appointed four commissioners to inquire into the truth of the allegations of the petition. 'I hese commissioners, by their inquisition, found the material facts in the petition, and also that petitioner's name and claim were not put on the register of claims by the commis sioners before the passing of the act 59 Geo. 111. c. 31, and that his property confiscated in 1792 was worth the sum of 364,0001. Proceedings on this inquisition were taken in 1814 in the Court of Queen's Bench, when her Majesty's Attorney-General traversed the findings of the commissioners, and also insisted that the said act 59 _. Ch o. 111., c. 31, was a bar to the claini,—if not, that the Statute of Limitations was a bar ; and finally pleaded that as the said matters or things did not happen, or said claim accrue since the accession of her Majesty, her Majesty was not liable. At the trial at bar on these issues in 1844, in the Court of Queen's Bench, the jury found in favour of the late Baron dc Bode all the facts found by the inquisition, and found for the crown on the last mentioned pleas, where upon the court gave judgment against the baron (see 8 Queen's Bench Reports, p. 270), and that judgment, affirmed by the Court of Exchequer Chamber, is the subject of the present writ of error. Mr. Serjeant Manning and Mr. Anstcy for the plaintiff in error, being desired by the lords to confine their argu ment to the effect of the said act on the plaintiff's (or his father's) claim, proceeded, after a short statement of the facts of the case, to contend that the judgment of the Queen's Bench, and affirnience of it in the Exchequer Chamber, were founded on a narrow construction of the Act 69 G. 111., c. 31, not warranted by the language of it, especially with reference to the treaties and conventions which that act was framed to carry into effect ; that such a construction re. fleeted little credit on the legislature, whose intention it could not be that funds supplied by France to indemnify sufferers by undue confiscation of their property should be diverted from that object, and applied to the uses of the crown of England. It was not the fault of the Baron de Bode that his name and claim were not put on the register of claimants in due time • he took all proper steps for that p ur p ose . Th e award of the commissioners ea to the merits has been found and admitted to be erroneous. Any errors in their awards, or any enactments on the false recitals in the said act, must yield to a judgment on a proceeding by way of petition of right, which from the time of Edward the Third has been , considered as the proper mode of relief against erroneous , judgments, and also parliamentary enactments founded on erroneous recitals. They cited several old eases in support of this argument. The Attorney-General and Mr. Webby for the crown also confining their arguments to tho effect of the said act, insisted that it concluded the plaintiff. compensation learned judgesapptothisind i v i duallll.,3l, under I ' -1 `• ' • • missione a rs eir appoin adi wilted to r ni th v e statute against l 7 ~......,N \, •,.: ( ~..... , . - • ,•*-;., • w F ` ..1 ..' :~