The Express. — London, England, 1851-09-29 00:00:00

(he erprelo. TO COttnanrva... , .... A I lawool LIMN of " Merton" ountaium •bo mum fir. Omitto," polihkel ovary Toooday Fria, to Ow poi& namotnemookslatoodod for imemo," Loam Leming poem mon bo At tin Olice, 10, Bomortnotrost, by Two o'clock on Ike My et noblloodon. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Ton I:MT-11asys. co. 41t. He. 3b. UAL Afternoon, N. Mon. LONDON, MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 20. from political despotism or ecclesiastical dilettanteism, will not be developed or prolonged. The very first step that infant societies ever took towards manhood, towards freedom, or towards greatness, was the flinging off the yoke of the priesthood, and reducing their influence to its tit standard. History gives us an example in ancient Egypt of what a priestly rule can produce ; and it has given us also in Greece an example, what eman cipation from priestly rule can produce. The world is still freeand intelligent enough to make choicebetwecn SERAPIB and Arta on one side, SOCRATES and PLATO on the other. Nor is there a greater difference be tween these than between a religion dictated by benighted priests or despots living at either Rome or Vienna, and a religion appreciated and accepted by man, in all that light and plenitude of intellect which it is the good fortune of the Anglo-Saxon race to enjoy and to make use of. Ma. MCIIIAT has just published, farming a number of the "Travellers Library," and costing one ahilling, two of the ablest essays of our time, written by Mr. hItCAULAY, pieces of writing that, for their style and force, independent of even their logic and philosophy, will go down as classics. The moment of their passing from the library table of the rich to the hands and pockets of the popular reader, suggests the opportunity of accompanying them with a few comments. The first of these essays, the review of RANXE, is an outpouring of those generous feelings towards the /Oman catholic church which pervaded young England some years since. After centuries of dull hate we awoke to an admiration of all that was pic- I turesque and venerable in the Church of Rome. No one then feared its encroachments, or dreaded the resuscitation of its arrogant and despotic spirit. No one looked upon it then as the powerful adjunct of despotism or the gospel of the police, and the ready instrument for the re-enslavement of mankind. The young controversialist, therefore, approached Re monism with reverence, and even attacked it with courteous warning and with blunted weapons, often indeed in the course of argument making eon wallow' to it, and drawing conclusions in favour of it, which the same writer would have shrunk from had Roman catholicism then reared its head, as it does now, in the menacing and spectral likeness of the ppaocst. The review of itANNEN "History of the Popes" was written in that innocent admiration of the Roman catholic church which began to prevail in our protestant universities; and this was not tern pried in Mr. Mseictvv's writing by any filial re spect for the Anglican establishment. If there is thus too much favour to the church of Rome in the first of the essays, Mr. 31eitittT gives the antidote with the bane, by publishing the review of °LAI/Nit/NE with that of Ramis. Fur whilst the latter was written in the days when college students worshipped antiquity and authority in religion, the former is an ejaculation of alarm at the same worship of the authoritative and the antiquated being reduced to syllogisms and carried out into eimelusions and dogmas, destructive of all freedom of mind, und all intellectuality of faith. The princiiml pretensions of the high churchman and the Pusevite are nowhere so completely and briefly expoet4 and refuted as in Mr. MACACLIV4 review of th.insroNe, and whatever popular reader may have glanced at the quarrel with the Archbishop of CANTEKIWRY for his late letter on the validity of foreign ordination, would do well to peruse Mr. Msevetiv'e criticism on the apostolical succession, to be found in the last essay of this little volume. Leaving this to the admiration, or at least to the attention, it descries, let us turn to the review of RANK E. It is conceived in a very different spirit. It com mences with a burst of admiration fur the age, the exteml,-the immutability of Roman catholicism. And the writer then reeve& to argue, that there is no such thing as progress in religious knowledge ; that there have been thicillations, moments, or centuries of protest against Rome but these protests die. They are heresies; hut t h ey are eradicated either by the sword, or by their own lukewarmness, or by the more astute autagenism of the Roman catholic church'. So that to this, do what we will, we must return at last, and the twentieth century is thus doomed to re-clothe itself in the monkish cowl of the thirteenth. READING the Times apcn Naples resembles the luxury of a Turkish bath. At first you are intro duced into a chamber filled with the hot steam of absolutism, the atmosphere being so thick and dark that it does not admit the recognising of one's own hand, all of which is borne, because the doctors say, 'tis good for one. When well stewed in this atmosphere, the patient is taken and placed for a minute under a spout of cold water, which is much like the small but keen jet of liberalism, which the Times has been squirting at the public sonic time since. For fear of accident, however, the patient is soon withdrawn from the re fre•hing current, dragged back into the atmosphere of hot steam, and stewed to the right tory tempera ture. These rapid alternations from heat to cold arc said to have salutary effects on the human frame, which they render hardy and praient of extremes. The Times has, nn doubt, adopted the system from a regard to its readers moral health, teaching them for many months how desirable it was that the con stitutionalists of Sicily, of Naples, and of Rome should be crushed and subjected to their old sove reigns, then twisting round to exclaim what a lamentable abuse these tyrannie prob , ,m , s of the Times made of their power, and anon, when the prolt'w , s pro tested against such severe censure from their old friend and organ, round whips the Times again to excuse them. We really cannot follow our contemporary through its twistings and its wriggling% nor spend time in exposing its affectation of liberalism, with its cour teous respect and cordial admiration for brute tyranny, in whatever shape or under whatever pre text exercised or usurped. if a cry of horror and indignation at all that he heard and beheld at Naples was wrung even from the pen of that great stickler for divine right, Mr. GLADSTONE, we may very well decide between him and the Neapolitan police, as to the main justice of his accusations. The chief feature of Mr. GLADSTONE'S accusation against the Neapolitan government is its treatment of POERIO, with which and with whom he was ac quainted. Mr. GLADSTONE entered into the particu lars of the trial, showed that the whole accusation was got up by the police, and the circumstances in vented by their paid agents. And when a verdict was obtained by their false evidence and by the in timidation of the judges, cruelty amounting to tor ture was practised upon their illustrious victim, who had really committed no fault save that of serving the constitution, and been guilty of no crime save that of having been forced by the popular voice upon the KING as minister. The special crime laid to POERIO'S charge was his being privy to the insurrection of the 15th of May, and his having belonged to some association fur furthering Italian unity, which is assumed to have provoked that insurrection. This charge, supported on the trial by the testi mony of the suborned agents of the police, could only be rebutted by Poxaio's invalidating their testi mony and questioning the legality of the pro cedure. And it is in this heap of rubbish, this mass of lies and dirt, that Mr. GLitisroNr. has unfortu• nately rummaged to prove l'oEttlu's iunocence, whilst the rinses critically tests and sorts the same heap of police evidence, in which its agents arc so much at home, to find out and expose the weak points of l'oEituis defence. But the true defence of Poenio, and the manifest proof of the monarch's treachery, as well as of the mendacity of his agents, lies in the open pages of contemporary history, and not in the dark registers of the Neapolitan law courts or police. The events of the 15th of May arc these. 'The King of NAPLES, when pressed by the clamours of his people and his fear of their imitating their brethren of Paris and Vienna, granted to them the French constitution—that of Louis-Pur . . . We never enrnuntered any thing so false or so sophistical as the entirety cf these most baseless as sumptions and most illogieal conclusions. 'Prue it is, indeed, that protestautism, which in its first outburst in the sixteenth century advanced at such a rapid pace, has made no converts of European natians recently, although it has tilled a suetinent, large as Europe, beyond the sea. But protestantism. which is after all but another name for religious liberty and tolerance of opinion, was of course hound up with political liberty, and with the free-thoughttelnem that it alone can permit. l'rotestantism has not been successful in its ap peals to the sword. It was crushed in France by the armies of RICIIIELIPT, and the edicts of French monarchs. In Bo!walla and in Austria it was also extirpated by tire and sword. The fortune of war decided against Protestantism in France and in Bohemia, as it decided against Christianity itself in Syria and in Asia Minor. Can we draw any arguments from these disasters against protcs teatime, that may not be urged against Christianity itself in the east? There is not ono single argument, indeed, that Mr. M %CAMAY has brought forward in favour of catholicism in Europe, that might not Fie applied, word for word, to Mahomedamtim in Asia. The prophet of Mecca rules as well as the POPE over millions of votaries, extended over an immense portion of the globe. Mahone. denim is everywhere in contact with Christianity, and everywhere the Moslem has driven the Chris tian back. Ile has not made himself muster of the Holy Sepulchre and the cradle of the Christian reli gion, and lie drove Christianity from, or subjected it in, the fairest provinces of Europe. The Moslem has spread his religion over Asia and Africa, expelling Christianity. Have the Christians since, or do they now, make concerts from Nlulioniedaniam ? They du not. Employing, then, the self-same line of argument which Mr. MACACLAY uses to show that protestantism cannot resist catholicism, and must lapse into it, we might prove that Christianity cannot withstand Mahn znedanisn, and must lapse in it. The fact is, that one ides is as absurd as the other. If the race is not always with the swift, neither is triumph always with the right. The wise of pe testantism has ever been identified with the ones of civic freedom, and with that middle chase wlilh as alone, when developed in sufficient numbers end force, establish and uphold political liberty. Po itirel liberty has for the last three centuries retro graded in Europe. The middle class was crushed in Spain, trodden under foot and exiled from Franca ignored in Southern Germany. _ln these countries despotism became based on the corrupt selfishness of the upper class, the brutal ignorance of the lower. How was protestantism to make converts, where there was uo soil in which its sued could germ ? France, to be sure, threw elf the despotic yoke, and never since has it been emboli% save in mime. And who will say at the present moment, that the religions opinions and tendencies of Spaniards and of Italians are more Roman ca tholic or Protestant, taking these epithets in the senses I apportioned to them in the sixteenth century. Mr. M WAI:LAY says, when protestant and catholic states are jests placed, the catholics make more converts amongst protestants than protestants amongst ca tholics. And what marvel if this were the case. Protestant regions are open to all kinds of prose lvting efforts. But catholic regions are walled up. The ears of their flocks are closed by the clergy with the wax of ignorance and authority, and the eloquence of the missionary is stopped by the stacks and the gaol. There is nothing to prevent a protestant community from turning catholic, if it so listeth. The catholic population of a valley in the Tyrol turned protestants some years hack, and the government ejected them, and sent them. grand ams and infants, forth to beg for bread and settle meats in some other clime. fhcre is no parity in such treatment, and it is unfair to draw conclusions from the amount of conversion on either side, when the conditions are so unequal and unfair. Instead of religion being an exception to the great law of human progress, as Mr. Matti:car asserts, we hold that it is destined to keep pace with all other kinds of knowledge, and that it is fully capable of doing so. If at this moment it be retrograding from the heightso reason and intellect into the low ground of ignorance and authority, it is simply be cause political liberty is retrograding too, and the great cause of freedom obscured. But as mankind is aver ssing in the possession an d th e f acu l t i es of free P 7 rt onght and free sill, we may feel well as sured that any momentary reaction, proceeding either LIPPE'S time. At first accepted gratefully. it was soon perceived that the extremely limited franchise, in which Louts-Pntilere had limited the representation of France, would not suit the kingdom of Nappies. The whole intelligence of the nation was in fact excluded by that franchise. More over, tho KING'S having the power of nominating at entire senate or upper chamber, placed in his hands the facility of nullifying every liberty and conces sion. . . In the month of April it was represented to the KING that he must consent to some modification in these two respects, without his doing which no liberal ministry could be formed. These asaands were moderate and fair. The KING yielded thous, and a liberal ministry was formed : the people were called to elect deputies, and these deputies ssowdcd to Naples in the beginning of May. The first thing that these deputies learned on reaching Naples was, that the KING had determined that he and they should take the oath to the constitution first granted, and that the concessions of April were thus to be virtually done away with. The deputies met, and protested. The ministers, after conferring with the deputies, thought that their just complaints should be listened to. Lord NAPIER, summoned to the palace, declared that the concessions of April were not democratic, and that it was wise to make them. But the KING, re solved to provoke a quarrel, purposely kept the feud open. whilst he prepared and concentrated his troops to take advantage of any tumult. In this attitude of court and parliament, the public were excited, and some hot youths began to raise barricades. 'fhe deputies and every man of weight and constitutional principle tried to dissuade them. for it was plain to all, that if peace and order prevailed, the parliament must succeed, whilst the KING could only put down popular right by vio- lence. The troops and national guards were in the mean time drawn up in hostile array, this mutual and dangerous attitude arising solely in consequence of the KING'3 refusing to keep his promises made in April. Some shots were fired (it is universally be lieved by the soldiers). and a conflict begun, in which although the Neapolitan troops were driven hack by the citizens enrolled as national guards, still the Swiss regiments stood firm, and finally won the day for the KING, defeating the national guards, and , laying the city and its liberal population at the • mercy of an infuriated soldiery. ►Such bring the well-known historical events of the 15th of May, 18-IS. at Naples, we should be glad to know where was the insurrection, and who was the conspirator? It is plain to everyone of the common est honesty or sense, that of all other men, the con estitutionalists, those great politicians and l e gal orators, like Poesio, had most to lose by such an out burst. would be the first to deprecate it, and the I foremost to prevent it. That there might have been lan association for furthering Italian unity, which association at th it time would have chiefly busied itself with the march of the Neapolitan troops to Lombardy, or with establishing a good understanding with Maui %M . ,/ ministry at Rome, is likely enough; it is possible that potato might have been cognizant of and might have approved of such an association. It is also possible that the young members of such an association, where some must have been more en th"Uin the cause of Neapolitan freedom than in teri or achievement of Italian unity, may have been amongst the National Guard, who mustered to protect the parliament, and who, being fired on by the troops, resisted. All this is possible. But that POILEIO was concerned with them in such resistance, If that be approved of it. is so far from proved, that OM must suppose him mad, and untrue to his class sad character to admit it for one instant. We desire no other proof of POEM'S innocence than these plain and patent historical and social facts. Nee need there be adduced any other proof of the laaraess and cruel treachery- of that monarch who VIA himself the sale authoi: of this sanguinary and libertieide conflict, and vet who takes advantage of the confusion, and conflicting testimony, and facili- THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING* SEPTEMBER 29. 1851. , ties for confounding falsehood with trqth, _which it afford'. to make it the mores of an sconsation of cam ' plicity ageing the very men who won its victims, and who - se hopes and fortunes were ruined by it. It is to be regretted, that Mr. Gt.snerents in his generous exposure of the infamy of the Neapolitan government, should have thought it necessary to set aside the political question and the historical facts which elucidate it ; for the character of the Nea politan King and government are written there, are to be sought and tested there, and not in rum maging the dark records of police offices, and courts, and dungeons. To hear Mr. GLADSTONE object to the Neapolitan authorities thebreach of law, and the Times gravely urge in rejoinder, that the forms of law were all respected in POERIO'S treatment and trial, is really too glaring a humbug. What, in Heaven's name, we like to know, isJaw at Naples? Where the judges are at the mercyof the crown—where witnesses an be hired to any extent or number to swear to any occurrence or any crime, and where the attorney general goes through the prisons to entice the inmates to give false evidence, promising them impunity and liberation, if theT consent? What is the grand habeas corpus in trance and in Naples? That every prisoner shall be examined within four-and.twenty hours after arrest? And what of that, if he be sent back to prison to rot for months immediately after. Law, indeed, and the rights of the subjects of the King of NAPLES! Poor PoEslo knew well, when he invoked the pro tection of the law out of courtesy to his judges, what a nonentity was that law, and what a cobweb that protection. Mr. GLADSTONE must be a very green traveller and a poor appreciator of the latitute of law and conscience in despotic eountries,lo lay such stress upon forms or to imagine that either the pri son discipline or the criminal procedure of such a country as Naples could be amended without the hatchet and the bosom being applied to its politi cal despotism and social corruption. FRANCE. PARIS, SATE:at/AT EVSNINO. The decided opposition of the legitimists to tho proposition of M. Creton has given considerable acrimony to the polemics between this party and the Orleanists. These reproach M. Bcrryer with originating a policy which must for ever prevent any union among the royalists, when in his famous speech on the Creton proposition he asserted that the Count of Chambord could not set foot in France except as the first of Frenchmen. The Orleanists want to know what possible rational objection a party can have to the repeal of the law of banishment against its chief. The dog which kept the cow from her hay, certainly argued very much like the legiti mists. The princes of the younger branch must remain expatriated, because the hour is not ripe for the head of the family to claim his crown. Fusion seems under such circumstances further off than ever. The organs of the Orleanists proclaim an entire rupture with the party of M. Berryer, and declare that it is impossible for them to sup port the same candidate for the presidency. The best chance for the Elyse° would seem to lie in this irreconcilability of the diver gent branches of Bourbonism. But the organs of the government are daily exhibiting more and more contempt for the law, as the hour ap proaches in which the law will be found to present a barrier to the re-election of Louis Napoleon super able only by force. The Constitutionsiel generally contains an article daily in which it represents the candidature or rather the election of Louis Napoleon as the sheet-anchor of safety, whether legal or illegal; and treats all scruples about the constitution as no less absurd than fastidious prudery ill the hour of shipwreck. It is really deplorable to hear this unscrupulous tone echoed in the speeches of mi nisters. But the law is stronger, perhaps, than the Bonapartista imagine; and the great majority of the representatives, as well as of the councils-general, that have pronounced in favour of strict legality is a guarantee which ought to be regarded as much more important than any illegitimate dream cherished by the executive power. 1 have sent you latterly cries of dismissals of mayors and municipal councils !noticed upon the most trivial shows of inde. penitence; and the central authorities treat municipal functionaries generally with pretty much the same respect which the sub-prefect of Saumur shows for the mayors of his arrondissement, to whom he has sent round a formal circular advertising the' loss of a spaniel. This notice tho sub-prefect for mally desires to be communicated to the public of the commune after Sunday mass. The one-sided administration of the law has been sufficiently evinced by the toleration of the absurdest excesses of im perialism in the Paris press, while fines and im prisonment visit the least indiscretion of liberal editors. It is no wonder therefore to hear, as we do ' to-day, of the little red flags which have from time ' immemorial been hoisted by the boats of St. Quentin being torn down by the authorities, while a great ensign, bearing in large letters " Louis Napoleon, ' Bien Public, Empercur," is tolerated at the mast ' head of one of the craft. The legitimist committee of management, consist ing of twelve members, comprising MM. Berrycr, Pustoret, and others, has just held a sitting to deter mine the course of their party with regard to the proposal of a candidate for the presidency. They have decided, ou grounds which - I have given al ready from their organ, the Union, that they will for the present abstain from putting forward any name. They will wait to see how General Changarnier will vote this time on the proposition-Creton. Mean while it is supposed that the general will vote, as he did in March last, for the motion. Lord l'almerston's speech at Tiverton is quoted at full length by several of the papers. It seems to please the French liberals better than the English; but is the object of violent attacks on the part of some organs of the conservative press, particularly the Assemblee Nationak. This paper, which one should think from the circumstance of its being conducted by M. Guizot, would be better informed, makes the most ludicrous blunders about English administra tion. It affirms seriously that upon the least dis turbance all England is put under martial law; and that upon the famous chartist demonstration in 1818, " tous les pouvoirs" were confided to the Duke of Wellington. The Marquis and Marchioness of Normanby re turned to Paris yesterday evening, from the south of France. SUNDAY EVENING The chief feature of to-day is the appearance of I immense decree, containing more than 700 articles, in the Bulletin des Lois, regulating the whole naval service, and destined to replace the old ordinance of 1826. This document is the work of M. de Chasse loup-Laubat, Minister of Marine, who ha. been re warded fur his industry by the cross of commander of the Legion of Honour. The preamble alludes to the report of the commission of naval officers ap pointed by the President of the Republic when Ad mind Romain-llesfesses was Minister of Marine. This report was first revised and modified by the council of the Admiralty, and again by M. de Crae ss . loup-Laubat. It describes the decree resulting (ruin this triple examination as one fixing the rank, tracing the duties, and marking the post of every one on board ship, from the commander-in-chief to the common sailor. It characterises the new rules of the Naval Code, in which the sailor, side by side with his written duties, and the sacrifices which the country expects from him, may observe also the paternal care taken to improve his lot as much as possible, and may know of the certain provision which, thanks to the Marino Fund, the envy of other nations, is made for his old age and for his wife and children. To harmonise the rules of the service with the progress of naval science and with modern manners and habits, to sanction those usages which experience has intro duced and approved, to show every one his duty, and to assign to every one his due share °Responsibility, to the end that discipline may be strengthened, and devotedness increased, are described by the minister as the objects of the decree which the President has approved. 'The three leading questions which will occupy the Assembly on its re-opening, namely, revision, the law of May, and the period to be fixed for the elec tions, are closely connected. The only chance for carrying revision is to gain over a certain number of republican votes by the abrogation of the law of May. On the other hand, the date to be assigned to the elections will depend on the motion for revision. Now in order to see how the vote on recision will be influenced by the changes contemplated in the elec toral law, we must know whu , t 'lose sages will be. Conseitrtiousel, jaw d May With democratic 4 their as you are aware, has assailed with a violence which has firinished J papers with texts to inscribe at the had of this...'oohmns. But although Dr. Wren has called it," a law of violence and defiance, dear only to perverted minds, and an infernal machine to light up civil war," it has become sufficiently manifest that no serious intention of p roposing the abrogation of the law lay behind all this - liotec, which was in fact meant to frighten the royalists, and to flatter the re publicans. Meanwhile the law, assailed on all sides, has lost its authority; but will it on that account be abolished P Such, certainly, is not the intention of any fraction of conservatives opposed to the law. The ultra-legitimists, for instance, call not for the abolition, but the modification of the law. Now what portion of the Left of the Assembly can be gained over to revision by mere modifications of the law of May ? The National, I have already shown, will vote revision at no price, not even on condition of a full restoration of universal suffrage. The Pays and the Presse seemed latterly to be nego tiating with the Onistitutionnel the clauses of an ar rangement. The former has said as yet nothing de cisive. Be the Prow has come out with a distinct declaration by M. de Girardin, that " the democratic party forming in the Assembly the constitutional majo rity of 188, understands, by the abolition of the law of May, the total abolition," and will be satisfied with nothing lea. Henceforth, therefore, the fact must be considered as settled, that even profound modifi cations of the present electoral law would not ad. Ivance the prospect of revision one jot. Nothing less than the total abolition will gain over a single demo cratic vote. M. de Gouyon, the legitimist candidate, has been elected representative for the Morbihan, in the place of M. Monier, deceased. In the Finisterre, where a representative is to be chosen in the place of Admiral Romain-llesfosses, ex-minister of Marine, the contest I lies between M. do Kersauson, a legitimist naval captain on half-pay, and M. de Geste, marine engi neer, a moderate republican. M. de Gaste carries the day in the towns, and M. do Kersauson in the country. Notwithstanding the abstention of a great number of republicans, the election of the latter is not yet certatn. In the three cantons of Brest and nine others, M. de Kersauson had obtained 9,480 votes, and M. do Geste 3,103. On the other hand, at Quimper, out of 3,030 votes, M. do Geste obtained 2,738, and M. do Kersauson 1,174. M. Roily, ge%rant of the Presse, will move the court to set aside the judgment by default against him to morrow. M. Vacquerie, editor of the Athtenient, has appealed against his sentence to the Court of Cessation. Rose Tamuner is to be tried again by a Court of Appeal. To dispel the uneasiness felt by the public, in con sequence of the recriminatory charges of mal administration of the lottery which have been so freely made by MM. Langlois and Reyre against leach other, M. Carlier has issued a notice, the most ' important part of which is, that funds more than se- Beent to pay all the prizes arc already lodged in the Bank of France, and that no diminution or delay in the payment immediately after the drawing can take place. All unsettled accounts with the lottery are to be sent at once to M. Oudine, the accountant ap pointed to wind up the affair under the superinten dence of the government commissioner. The prefect of police has closed all the depots where tickets were sold at a premium by the lottery office itself; but he now admits that he has no power to prevent the traffic in them by other parties, who are at liberty by law to sell the tickets like any other mer chandise for as much as they can get. Tho Count de Chambord has purchased the Palazzo Casalli at Venice, where he intends to pass tho CantivaL BELGIUM. BRUSSELS, SEPT. 27. To-day, in the elections for the senate, the candi dates of the government have obtained complete success at Brussels, Antwerp, Liege, Ghent, Nilelle, and Mons. In the other towns the results are ba lanced. In fine, the majority of Sept. 2is displaced. BRUSSELS FETES. The fetes o► national independence at Brussels closed on Thursday. The musical societies of Lille: Roubaix, and Turcoing, which took part in the competition of the musical associa tions, went in the morning to the palace to give the King a serenade ; the moment they began his Majesty appeared and thanked them. The King then remained to listen to their music, and, when they had concluded, complimented them. The Frenchmen, both on his arrival and departure, raised enthusiastic shouts of " Vive lc Rol !" All the musi cal associations which had taken part in the eoneours then marched in procession to the Hotel de Ville, where the prizes were delivered by tho Burgomaster. The principal prize was awarded to the society of Roubaix. A public meeting of the Academic Royale was afterwards held. Medals of honour for acts of courage, devotedness, and humanity were then publicly distributed by the Minister of the Interior In presence of the princes. The Prince Royal pre sided at the ceremony. Both were received with acclamations. The day was wound up with theatrical performances, and balls fur the aristocracy and the people. SPAIN. MADRID, SEPT. 23. I have already alluded to the indecision of General Lersundi, the Minister of War, in not having taken any energetic measures to keep Narvaez away from the capital. He appears to have written to the mar shal a letter making an appeal to his tried patriotism and loyalty to the Queen, beseeching him to defer his return. The moderado opposition are making every effort to secure the presence of their chief, which they doubt not would upset the cabinet, and it is expected that the Duke of Valencia will at all events be at his post at the meeting of the Cortes, in November. ITALY. PIEDMONT. Our correspondent, writing from Turin, on the 25th September, gives a satisfactory account of the state of Piedmont at the present moment, as a proof of which he adduces the fact of the capital being en tirely entrusted to the national guard, the troops of the line having all marched to join the camp at Alex andria, where, during the 26th, 27th, and 28th cur rent, the King will direct a series of grand military manmuvres. This display of force is considered as a counterpoise to the agglo meration of Austrian troops at Somme. General Maffei has published an order of the day to the national guard on the occasion. Our correspondent details the legislative measures to be presented by the government to the discussion of parliament, which was to meet on the 19th of November. The Waldenses, or Piedmontese protestants, are about to erect a church and school-house in Turin, much to the horror of the catholic party, who have some violent articles in the ultra journals on the subject. Queen Maria Teresa is on a visit to the Grand Duke of fus cany, at Marlin. The arrival of Kossuth at Spezia had created a great sensation. LOMBARDY. MILAN, Bser. 23. The municipality, in an audience with the Em peror, at Monza, asked, in the name of the city-1. For a reduction of taxes; 2. for a relaxation of the state of siege, especially in regard to arms for self-defence and for sporting purposes; 3. A total political amnesty; . 4. The re-establishmenl of the ju dicial senate at \ crone ; 5. The re-establishment of the central reunion. It seems that the last request has been prompted by the ministry, with the view to afford the emperor an opportunity to return to the data pss of 1. eb.,1t448, not by his own will, but in compliance with the wishes of his people. Ms Ma jesty's reply to whole was in the consecrated of rin—" L'Empercur s'aviacra." TURKEY. CONSTANTINOPLE, SZPT. 15. The Turkish steam frigate which conveyed to Alexandria the new Sheteef of Mecca, has returned with important communications from Egypt. In consequence of these it h as b een d e t erm i ne d in the council of Ministers, held on the 13th, to scud the ultimatum mentioned in previous letters. The Shereef of Mecca and the Pasha appointed to command the troops having neglected the courtesies of etiquette towards the Viceroy, it appears the lat ter paid them in kind, and left Cairo on a tour through the provinces. The ultimatum of tho Porte to Egypt is dated Sept. 4. It affirms that all the arrangements made for the railway, before having demanded the autho ' risation of the Porte, shall be considered null and void. The greatest anxiety prevailed at Constantinople to know the answer of Abbas I'asha to the ultimatum, and particularly to ascertain the definitive attitude of England on a question of such vital importance to her. _ _ .... . - . Count Batthyany, who had followed during some time treatment for his health at tho mineral baths of Broussa, did not accompany Kossuth on board the Mississippi. lie embarked on the lath on board the French steamer. As, according to the terms of the convention between Austria and the Porte the Count could not visit Constantinople, M. do Lavatette the French minister, despatched the government steamer Ajaccio to take him on board at the port near Broussa and convey him to the steamer at the Dardanelles. KOSSUTIi. The Corriere Aferemctile quotes letters from Spezia of the 22nd, stating that the inhabitants of that town, on being informed that Kossuth was on board the Mississippi, made great demonstrations in honour of his arrival. The town was illuminated, rockets were let off, and a large number of boats, gaily decked out, surrounded the Mississippi, saluting Kossuth with music and cheers. Tiie American commodore, who is taking the waters at Lucca, has been to La Spezia to compliment him. Letters and despatches have reached Southampton, addressed to " Ins excellency Louis Kossuth, late Uovernor of Hungary." A general belief prevails that Kossuth will land at that port. His most inti mate friends state that he will land in England and remain here a fortnight, and then depart for the United States. EGYPT. The following note, addressed by the Sublime Porte to his Highness Abbas Pasha, governor of Egypt : Some time ago it reached the knowledge of the imperial government that your highness had the intention of con structing a railway. Although the certainty was felt that the authorisation of the Sublime Porte would have been demanded before putting into execution an enterprise so considerable and of so much importance, yet it was thought proper to remind your highness of the obligations of right and justice relative to this affair. Accordingly, on the de parture of the envoy furnished with powers.hy your high ness, Mouktar Bey, charged with a mission to Cairo, it was expressly enjoined to him to announce of ficially to your highness that in case the design of so great an enterprise were seriously entertained it would be indispensable to demand the authorisation of the Sublime Porte. By the return of the said functionary the government learned that, contrary to all expectation, your highness, leaning upon certain consideration., had re solved to execute this work without haying previously de manded and obtained the requisite authorisation. In can sequence the imperial government found itself, to its great regret, obliged to recall this affair anew to the attention of your highness. Au official despatch had been prepared to this effect, when his excellency Sir Stratford Canning, am bassador of England, having obtained communication thereof, begged that the transmission should be suspended until he wrote and received an answer from his court. The Sublime Porte haying objected to him that sonic difficulties might arise if any derision whatever were taken in Egypt relatively to the construction of the railway while be cor responded with his government, the said ambassador took upon himself to procure the adjournment of the conelusion of the affair of the railway, and promised to write on the subject to the consul.general of her Britannic Majesty in Egypt in the most precise manner. The result of his proceedings was being awaited when information arrived that your highness had signed a contract with the English engineer, Stephenson, containing the conditions relative to the construction of the railway. This news was followed close by a letter from your high ness, informing the Sublime Porte of this affair. An event so unforeseen caused extieme surprise. The engineer in question is, according as we are informed, an instructed and honourable man, and, ae it was nut his business to ea , rify the attributions of your highness, the Sublime Porto can have no observation to address to him; but the case la not the mme fur your highness. Even supposing as of no effect the communications made to you by the channel of Mouktar Bey, as well as the notices of the English ambassador, there exists an article in the imperial firmau serving to regulate the privileges of the succession in the government of Egypt, which says, in very precise terms, that 't for all important affairs the go vernor of Egypt shall demand the authorisation of the Sublime Porte.' Instead of demanding without delay this authorisation, your highness alleges in your favour that the bridge of Medjidie and the fortifications of Alexandria were constructed by your grandfather without any authori • sation. To take as examples these precedents in order to execute with your own authority an enterprise of so much greater importance is a question of the gravest kind, to which we deem it our duty to answer that the fortifications had been commenced before the promulgation of the imperial finnan which settles the succession, and that,considcring the public utility attached thereto, and not wishing to leave unfinished • work undertaken with so important an object, the impe , rid government has made no opposition to its contiuuation. As to the bridge of Medjiili.!, it is very easy to prove that its foundations were solemnly laid at the end of the month of Itebit-ilAhir 1263, and that eight months before this period, that is to say, in the month of Redjeb 1262, his High- Mle Mehemet Ali Pasha, having arrived at Constantinople, had verbally demanded from our august sovereign his high authorisation. This demand of authorisation did not eon sist, as has been pretended, in giving to this work the glorious name of the Sultan , it concerned the work itself. Such is the veracious statement of the circumstances which relate to the examples and precedents iuvukeil by your highness. It is besides acknowledged by men of sense that no comparison can be established between so important an enterprise as a railway and the above-mentioned works, or others still less considerable, which have been executed since the promulgation of the firman relative to the succes sion, or which are actually under execution. Superfluous though it may be to dwell more upon the im portance and greatness of the enterprise in question, still, us this is en affair which, by the gravity which it has acquired, is susceptible of various interpretations, we deem it useful, in order to remove every kind of doubt and ambi guity, on this subject to enter into the following explana tions. This runway cannot be compared to ordinary roads, of which the construction requires comparatively only slight expense, and considerable sums must be employed to obtain the end proposed. If the annual revenues of the treasury of Egypt, after the payment of the fixed tribute to the Sublime Porte and the other expenses of administration, left a surplus sufficient to cover the annual expenses which such an undertaking would necessitate, there would not be in this case any administrative inconvenience. But it would be an infraction of the laws and regulations established by the Sublime Porte to create a new tax, in case of the insuffi , ciency of this surplus, or to augment the actual taxation, or I to oblige the inhabitants of Egypt to labour gratuitously on the said railway. The imperial government, in its equity and justice, cannot tolerate such things. Even if, in ease of the insufficiency of the surplus, instead of having recourse to one of these three expedients, it should be deemed pos sible to resort to a loan, or to abandon the enterprise to a foreign country, since in the first instance a portion of the states of his imperial Majesty might be mortgaged, and in the second a system would be introduced which has no prece dent, the Porte could not accede to either. For these mo tives the government finds itself obliged to exact solid and solemn guarantees, and will always persist in the mainte nance of its high dmiaistrative rights. In like manner as your hi Aness, in justice conforming to the provisions of the firman relative to the succession, can make no pretention beyond its stipulations ' so the Sublime Porte cannot permit the limits prescribed by the said imperial document to be transgressed in any manner whatsoever. We hope strongly that your highness will recognise the nece-sity of demanding officially the authorisation of the Sublime Porte fur this affair, and of giving the requisite assurances. You will also easily understand that it is not only in the case in which this railroad should be constructed from Cairo to Suez that political reasons would require that authorisation should be demanded from the Sublime Porte. In whatever part of Egypt the authorisation is ri gorously necessary, as well by the reasons above-mentioned as by the duties and attributions invariably assigned to your highness by the Semen relative to the succession. In all events, in order to repair the error committed in ex ceeding the limit of the privileges established, it has been resolved to announce officially to your highness that all the arrangements made for the said railway, before having de manded the requisite authorisation, shall bo considered as null and void. We deem it our duty likewise to remind your highnen that it will be equally indispetuahle, in demanding the authorisation of the Sublime Porte, to prove that the an nual revenues of Egypt present a surplus sufficient to meet the expenses necessary for the construction of the said rail way. Moreover, your highness ought to give the most formal assurance that now taxes shall not be created for this object,—that the actual taxation shall not he aug mentcd—that the inhabitants shall not be forced to work gratuitously, and, lastly, that no recourse will he bad either to a loan or to foreign companies. All the ministers of the Sublime Porte have decided with one accord to com municate the preceding to your highness, in conformity with the express order of his Imperial Majesty. Constantinople, S Zileade, 1267 (Sept. 4, 1851). THE SHIPS BOUND FOR SYDNEY, in New South Wales, the nearest port to the Ophir gold regions, are re markably on the increase. The Omura]. Post-office adver tised on Saturday nearly twenty vessels by which letter bags would be sent to Sydney. Nothing like such a num ber for that port has ever before been advertised at con UNITED STATES. Yesterday morning, shortly a ft er three o'clock, the British and North American royal mail steam-ship America, Captain Neil Shannon, arrived in the Mersey from Boston and Halifax, having left tho former port at noon on the 17th, and Halifax on the 19th. She brings New York papers to the 16th instant—but on this occasion we are without the usual telegraphic despatch from New York via Hali fax—and the usual mails from the United States and British America. The specie brought by the Ame- rica is not so large in amount as we have lately been accustomed to receive, amounting only to a hundred thousand dollars. She brought also fifty passengers, and a fair cargo, chiefly from the British provinces. The United States mail steamer Pacific, Captain Nye, from hence, had arrived out at New York on the morning of the 14th instant, having been detained several hours at Sandy Hook for want of a pilot. The British mail steam-ship Europa arrived at Halifax from hence on the evening of the 15th, and at Boston at 4.30 a.m. on the 17th instant. The news brought by the America may be charac terised rather as interesting than important. In the business of their state elections the people of the Union are considerably occupied, and now that the Cuban excitement has died away, no topic of all absorbing interest commands public attention. The actors and participators in the anti-slavery riot at Christiana, Lancaster co., Pennsylvania, wherein Mr. Gorsuch, the owner of a fugitive slave from Maryland, together with his son and some other persons were shot dead on the spot, have been arrested and committed to gaol on the charge of treason. There were 21 prisoners in all, and their capture was effected by the United States Marshal Roberts, Commissioner Ingraham, the United States district attorney, Recorder Lee, two lieutenants, and about .50 of the United States marines. The party, upon reaching Christiana, immediately proceeded to discharge their duty, by scouring tiro woods and surrounding villages for miles. They laboured incessantly the greater portion of the day and night, and succeeded in making twenty-four arrests. In the possession of some of the parties, or rather upon the premises from which they were taken, seve ral guns, dirks, and huge clubs, were found. Some of the guns were heavily charged, and arc now in the hands of the proper officers. There was but one disposition manifested on the part of the authorities from Philadelphia, which was promptly seconded by the prosecuting attorney from Lancaster, Mr. Thomp son, and a portion of the police from that city, who made some eleven arrests on Friday, conveying their prisoners to Lancaster gaol. The excitement about Christiana and neighbourhood was intense, and hun dreds of the people were in attendance during the examination of the prisoners on Siturday afternoon and evening. It was after nine o'clock before the officers of the United States concluded their arduous duties, the heat being intense, and almost suffocating throughout. Several other arrests were subsequently made, amounting in all to 30. A number of the pri soners were brought to Philadelphia, and lodged in Moyamcnsing prison. With one or two exceptions, they are all coloured people. Their examination was to commence immediately, before the United States commissioner. _ _ _ Three captains of the late Ilung,arian army had arrived in Washington, as delegates of the 128 Hun garians who lately arrived in America front Shumla. It was stated that they have been directed by Kos suth to advise with Mdlle. Jage,lo (now Mrs. Toch man) about the means of reaching the colony which Gen. Ujhazy formed, where they all propose to settle. There arc 13 Hungarian ladies with them, all mar ried. The delegates were introduced by Major and i Mrs. Tochman to the President, and cordially re ceived by him. In answer to their salutations, the President expressed his satisfaction that they and their leader, Kossuth, have chosen this country for their home, and assured them that they will find friends wherever they may settle. Wm. W. Corco ran, a wealthy broker in Washington, has offered to pay the passages of the exiles from New York to New Buda, the name of tijhazy's colony in lowa, their destined home. DEATII OF JAMES FENIMORE COOPER. The decease of this distinguished man, who, for over a quarter of a century has held such an eminent position in American literature, took place at 1 o'clock on Sunday afternoon, the 14th inst., at his residence in Cooperstown. For several months past. his health had been in a condition which awakened the anxiety of his friends, although with a vigorous constitution and temperate habits, they could not but anticipate his attainment of a ripe old age. CUBA. Captain Parker, of the mail schooner William and John, which left Havana on the 7th, and arrived at Savannah, Sept. 15, reports that the prisoners sailed for Spain in a government transport, and only tho four ulreadT mentioned had been liberated, viz., Col. Haynes, Captain Kelly, Lieut. Van Veeliten, and Mr. Chapman. The New York papers say that no steps will ho taken in regard to the American consul at Havana, who, it was alleged, refused to intercede on behalf of the fifty prisoners who were shot, until an official re port of his conduct shall have been made. If it should appear that he made no effort to have mercy extended to the unfortunate prisoners who were shot, he will unquestionably be removed. The steamer Parapet° has been quietly surrendered by Mr. Sigur to the collector at Jacksonville. She was overhauled at sea by acutter, but run up the river, about Palatka. The cutter Jackson, reinforced by Limit. Merchant, and twenty regulars from St. Augustine, was sta tioned at the mouth of the river, with loaded guns, which were to be used in case of a refusal. MEXICO. Our advice, from Texas state that on the 18th of August a general revolutionary outbreak was hourly expected in the states of Tamaulipas and New Leon. By recent advices it was announced that the sur vey of the Mexican Boundary Commission was pro greasing rapidly westward. The astronomers and surveyors of the American and Mexican commis sioners had joined forces, and their advanced parties had reached a point thirty mile% west of Rio Mien lies. The line was to run eight or ten miles south of Cook's Spring, thus giving the United States the whole of the road to tho copper mines, and the only route which can be traversed by waggons. 'We have since received intelligence, that in consequence of a disagreement between the commissioners and the surveyor, the operations of the commission are almost suspended. SOUTH AMERICA. We arc in possession of reliable advices from New Grenada up to the 10th August. The news is most satisfactory to the friends of order and progress. The provinces of the South, where some revolu tionary movement was attempted, now enjoy the most complete tranquillity, thanks to the judicious conduct of Generals Obando and Iferrara, who, by the orders of the government, have marched through the provinces of Pasto, Popavan, Cauca, and Buena ventura. In the province of Bogota some revolu tionary tumults were attempted, but they were im mediately suppressed. General Borrero, who had declared himself against the actual government of the province of Antioquia, found no followers in the people, not even among those of the opposition party. Among those should be men ' boned Colonel Bro.nleo Endo, who, collect ' ine 000 men, prepared to march against the rebellious General. The rest of the republic was I perfectly tranquil the people seconding the government in the great work of reform which it I was labouring to conduct to a successful termina tion. It must be noticed the inexactness of the assertion that the attempt at revolution in New Grenada was caused by the taxes levied by the : government. Congress authorised the executive to raise a forced loan in case the revolution should I assume a serious aspect. The executive, however, Idid not find it necessary to exact this extra tax. ' The movement was the result of a plot of the reac tionary party, (friends of the Jesuits who were ex pelled from New Grenada some time back) the deadly enemies of the reforms which the present liberal government are judiciously introducing, and in which it is to be hoped that they will encounter no further obstacles. By advices from Costa Rica of the date of July 19 we arc informed that General Flores, the absconding President of Ecuador, has sailed for Peru to place himself at the head of the insurrection in Ecuador, which is leagued with that in New Grenada. Flores is 1 pot tot to t