The Express. — London, England, 1852-08-25 00:00:00

the earairefiL TO CORRESPONDENTS. & hand UM= . "The Lamer," erseJelth the sea& Mabee 0 Censer,. Is y011'6601 every Theeday sal Friday MO; Is elm ler peeL heverumeheetelatended ler "The tapreee," Lefties await, yew, mud be at the Ogee. heravorte4rzeet, Twe Aim& es the do of pelaireetteth moil WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Toms DAT —Maga. 10k. 115. la. Ma 7 4 .09aow—Janing.1111. Ok. LONDON, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 25. ONE thousand persons per annum perish by ex plosions in coal mines! To set our steam-engines in motion, so that we may perform our miracles of manu facturing energy, and be enabled to increase the facilities of locomotion to an unheard of extent, we pay this murderous tribute annually. When we boast of the wonders of our machinery, of the per fection to which we bare brought our system of railroads, let us remember that to get the coal which supplies us with the motive power we sacrifice ev, ry year ten hecatombs of human kip. About three of our countrymen die every day in order that we may have calico cheap, and travel at tho ruts thirty miles per hour. 11 e really think this fact is of at least as much importance as many of those which are occupying the attention of the Sanitary Associations. The miners, who live next door to death underground, appear to us quite as well worthy of sympathy as the inhabitants of courts and alleys, who have a horror of white-wash and a propensity to sleep Ave in a bed. Want of ventilation in a mine is after all &matter deserving as much consideration as want of ventilation in a bedroom. The former defect is the invariable precursor of an awful explosion, the latter may possibly generate a fever. At present, however, the tide of sj mpathy runs decidedly in favour of the sufferers from foul air who dwell aboveground. The publication of a report of the select committee appointed last session to inquire into the cause of the frequency of explosions in coal mines, may possibly do sometling towards correcting public opinion in this matter. It appears from the report that the number of lives annually lost by explosions is, as we have stated, about one thousand. The cause of the greater pm , tion of the accidents is defective ventilation. Now, so far is it from being the fact that the managers of mines were not sufficiently acquainted with the cause of the evil, that a Committee of the House of Commons 17 yean ago made it the subject of animad version. The report says: The committee of the House of Commons in 1835 GAM puolie attention to the 'indite eontideace that hitherto lad been placed in the Davy lamp; suggested that redone* should aridly be placed for security on increased yeses. hoe ; and concluded by expressing a hope that the evidoneo they published would stimulate to such ircrease. It is to be regretted that so little attention was paid to these bens- Sisal suggestions. if it could be shown that in any ont-of-the-way spot is Africa one thousand negroes had perished in one year on account of the neglect of such reason able beneficial suggestions, every town in England would have had its meeting to reprobate the culprits. As the victims in the present case are our own countrymen, black, it is true, but of home growth, it is impossible to get up any excitement on the subject. The amount of negligence displayed may be imagined from the two following cases quoted from the report : In one ease related in the evident*, It appeared that pre ceding the explosion there bad bow • great fall in the barometer, which indicated eke minnesity of increased venti lation and vigilance. The tmeollosher had no harotrwler, and therefore was in *nemeses of the fact of the dimi nished pressure of the atmeepleae, which was all the while thus allowing the fire-damp to escape in larger proper tions from the gams sod imps of the mine. In soother ease (that of the cesent ectoconsee in the Aberdals valley) Mr. Blackwell, We fooperieee of district, advised, on a previous visit, metals piseestises te be When. Teo ad vice was disregarded ; the espledei owed. It is generally supposed that the ifasra we then wires naturally so reckless that they nab is st any attempts made to ineOnnee their meemeity during work. It would appear, hwerner,tbst this charge is much too sweeping. The eenesittes allude to the fact that they themselves ban received representa tions on the subject of immenrity from the miners of the north and other digitises e and that the miners of Lancashire and Nortle•-• -I .nd presented a peti- tion on the same subject to the Mime of Comnions. The points dwelt on in the petition are the necessity of increased ventilation, of increased inspection, of the appointment of sub-inspectors, and of the unmade factory nature of the inquests hitherto held after even the most distressing explosions. On every detail connected with the subject of ex plosions, the committee have made remarks and given advice which, if followed, cannot fail to dinunieh the amount of the awful annual sacrifice of human life. As a means of increasing ventilation, they recommend the adoption of Mr. GOLDSWORTHY GUR NEY'S steam jet. One remarkable advantage to bo obtained by the use of this process of ventilation will be seen by a consideration of the fact that 70 per cent of the deaths are occasioned, not by the explosion of the "fire-damp," but by the "after damp" which succeeds it. Now, a steam jet may be so employed immediately after e explosion, as to sweep the chambers of the mine, and thus expelling the foul air, or dilating it with fresh, enable those who have caped immediate death, to preserve life until assistance can be rendered. Sup posing this practicable, and there seems no meson to doubt it, seven hundred lives out of the &emend saerificed last year might have been presumed. All the int:nesse. bore testimoay to the total inadequacy of the present system et ingestion. The number of inspectors is too small. their power is too limited, and the salary is too inigailrant to attract men with abilities competent to so imams a task. The committee appear tome ohisatims Minimis ing the power of individual inspestambut they_adviee the estatlishment of a competent &Sid to whist the inspectors might repor t , . sad whisk amid have power to enforce penalties ia wand dinhalisain to its regulations. We have our dealka GRAM point. We incline to Burnam's opinion that " Bear& are only fit to make screens of, Bat supposing a Board to be appointed, the great point to be obtaimed would be to lodge a power in it to ism orders for the instant stoppage of the w= mine of which the ingests sisported.that • current of air was not kept up through the vagina parts, and that proper issteasents to mega the ventilation and give warain GE danger were set at hand. As masters' messarser the inspectors resew mend the better education el the miners, sad the circulation amongst them of proper rules and riga lationa. Surely this is not too much protection to ask for men who wear their lives out in procuring for us that mineral which has been the greatest of the phy sical causes of the prosperity of England during the last thirty years. On many occasions we exhibit an agonising sympathy with inch portions of our fellow creatures as are exposed to danger. We mulct the proprietors of steamboats and railways on the slight est appearance of neglect. We banish far away from our towns all businesses which tend to make neigh bourhoods unhealthy. We abolish Smithfield. We insist upon our poor taking case of themselves, and make them swallow fresh air against their will. If a servant does not get a due supply of food from her master and mistress, the whole kingdom is in a state of excitement, and the prison is the only place strong enough to protect the culprits from the fury of the mob. But week after week we bear of numbers of our fellow creatures blown to atoms or suffocated, and we sit still. The victims are part of the price we pay for our coal. It is sad, but inevitable. Reguks cant is pace. Juke as the port of Newcastle-on-Tyne, represent ing the Great Northern Coal Trade, and the town of Belfast, the seat of the great Irish linen and flax manufacture, are urging Lord MALMLSBUIT to" try his 'prentice hand on • French Treaty of Com merce, the Mundesr has interposed a word of com fort to the monopolists of France. " In these Important matters, it assures them, "the Adminis tration will not depart from the prudence which has been the rule of its conduct." The best parallel that we know of to this French "prudence," is the old G ree k f a bl e on wh i ch OVID, with his incomparable felicity, has conferred im mortality. PALL" hearing of the fame of the Viqin AIACHNE in spinning and weaving, condescended to a trial of skill; but the goddess, being equalled in her ' art, wan mo stung with rage and envy, that she turned the poor mortal into a spider, and condemned her to spin and weave out of her own bowels. The " prudence " of France, unlike the rage of PALLAS, however, will condemn not its rival, but itself, to spin out of its own bowels; much more to its own loss than to the injury of England. But why reproach France with a folly which Lord MALSIESSURTs to be wisdom? And how un reasonable a Newcastle and Belfast to ask him to urge France not to spin out of its own bowels? What France does Lord MALMESBUST thinks it mad ness in England not to do. How, then, can our coalowners and our flax spinners request hint to try to break down in France a system he would restore in England? "Alt,' we hear them exclaim, "but he can resort to reciprocity; he can purchase entrances into France for our coal and our linen yarns by lowering our own duties on French wines and bran- 1 dies." Perhaps ho could. But increase the eOO-1 gumption of the wines of France, and the use of British beer might be diminished. The wine duty protects British agriculture to some extent. And therefore it was that Mr. Dteaseu, at the close of last session, declared against any lowering of tl'e duty on wine ; and deprived, of course, Lord 1/met's Foreign Minister of that instrument of reciprocity which Sir ROBERT PEEL, in 1842, expressly reserved for his Foreign Secretary: I will not sow eater on the question whether it be er be not wise to maks redactions of slaty es imports without obtaining as assurance of relaxations frost duo couutrie• baselittod by our rreeddseam of duty • but I nut say, when we make such reductions on *melee imported, we ought to do our utmost to proem frees foreign countries corresponding advareages to England. Nor can I deem it wise to diminish the hope of satisfactorily arranging those relaxations with foreign nations by rashly reducing the amount of duties on articles which must form the bases of negoti.ition. I dc* not, therefore, parries any nasal's of duties on wines, brandy, Ike., though I hope that they may be reduced when corriepondlog relaxations are mark by other countries benelitted by our reductions. Thus the Chamber of Commerce of Belfast may see how slender a reed to lean on, even for recipro city, is an Administration which does not recognise the justice of the principles of free trade ; for, turn as it will, it runs against the prejudices of some inte rests; and, in dealing with foreign states, it cannot use those arguments which only can demolish the " prudence that hurts France more than England. How irresistible in the hands of a Free-trade Foreign Minister the case of our flax manufacture against the French tariff would be at this juncture, when France and Belgium are re-settling their com mercial relations. It was in 1842 that England threw its ports open to the specialities of French productions. Since then our shops have been filled with French silks, French gloves, French cambric*, French boots and shoes, French bronzes, and the thousand other ornamental works of Paris; until now, look on what side of oar streets we choose, these French articles meet and greet our eyes. Yet, by a carious infelicity, it was in 1842, the epoch of our concession to French industry, skill, and taste— it was in that year that French "prudence" betook itself to excluding our linen yarn : and "prudence," when about it, did the thing very effectually. For ' an increased duty of nominally 33, but, from the way in which it is levied, really 54 per cent., was laid on their importation; and the coneequenee was that, whereas British linen yarn exported into France had risen from 17,5031 be. in 1831 to the enormous amount of 22,202,2921 be. in 1842, it fell from that year, until, in 1850, the number of lbs. exported to France was but 690,602. But this piece of French "prudence" cost the French treasury some 250,0001. a-year, which the moderate duty was producing; and, in addition, the French . people some 51.000,0001. a-year, by raising the price of linen goods. It gave, however, a great cheek to the production of yarn at Belfast and Dundee for the French market. But, on ' the other hand, it confirmed their superiority in neutral markets; for since France imposed this absurd duty . on English yarns, though the number of its spindles increased from 70,000 to 400,000, it has never been able to meet the home of linen, and has none to ex pedite have no doubt been reaped C re. the French monopolists. But the joke is, as the monopoly attracted a large amount of English capi tal into the French linen yarn production, so a large proportion of the indirect tax levied on the French nation has gone into Englishpockets.• Thus sig nally do trade and capital vindicate their rights on those who interfere with their freedom. The advocates of reciprocity, or limping free trade, would have perverted these facts to retaliatory pur poses. Not so Sir ROBERT Peet ;he never thought of denying to France the further concessions ho made subsequently to 1842. He gave France the full benefit of his corn law; and no little benefit it proved. For, just as France took less and less of our linen yarns we, wiser in our generation, took more and more of her grain and flour, our importa tion of French wheat rising from 3,118 quarters, and of French flour from 48 cwts., in 1843, to 595,355 quarters, and 1,925,175 ewte., in 1850. If figures and facts could rouse the commercial chivalry of France, this contrast of shop-keeping generosity to the selfishness of French glory might tend to relax the apparently indomitable prejudices of the French people against freedom of trade to some extent. But the deplorable corruption of modern French society interferes with and arrests any such hope; each class finds it so profitable to spin out of its own bowels, that, all combining, they are able to minus, underfeed, and underelothe, and underpay community. It is a sorry prospect, Ws, for Fran c e. erj And though it is right and proper to fey what effect proposals to reduce our wine duties might have on it, the Chamber of Commerce of Bel feet must first catch an English Ministry who will consent to deal with the wine duty; and that, at present, it is certain, they have not got • • maim IMatrailsa et Um sans paid* Ms Jag MW ow a* la ladmw•be BMW al Amackaaprr4 tlr bamin plalm Ma DOM Sham am Ur Llwe libumma Ma by at V. hark limuma a m tea Ma Ow la Oa North Sts ; etl do name W Just W la Oran • TANA of He Usti* writ to Firma fig& akia Yams tie asoMW. padmies tram ER MA Mama' Ma ash as • Mash Ow ANO7HER lIAYNAU While the young Emperor of Austria hes been ostentatiously journeying through Hangery to demand the homage of Its subjugated pie, the discarded end forgoten Haynes who burned and bombarded his sub jects beck to obedience, hes been a wanderer in Belgium, where he has this week learned, somewhat unexpectedly, the popular estimate of his merits. On Sunday evening last about a quarter to nine, Henan visited the Brussels Vauxhall, where, as usual, a concert was taking place. At nine o'clock, says the Echo, the marshal showed himself in the garden, and was immediately surrounded by a curious crowd of about two hundred persona His atti• tads, it was noticed, had something theatrical about it. It being apparent that a demonstration was about to take place, General Chasal , of the Belgian service, who was in the garden, went up to the marshal, and entered into conversation with him, hoping by his presence to overawe the rising feeling. A few memento passed and no manifestation took place, the crowd meanwhile increasing very rapidly. M. 8i lee, the director of the gardens, caused the °rehears to play two favourite pieces, in the expectation that the attention of the crowd would be withdrawn from his uneasy guest; lout in vain. Hisses were heard, then some very pointed observations were addressed to Haynau on his share an the Hungarian war, while the majority of the multitude cried, "Turn him out, turn him oat." M. Chula essayed to address the people axd assuage the storm, but was not listened to, end the tumultuous excitement roes still higher. Meanwhile messengers had been sent to the police-station and barrack., and shortly the officers arrived, together with a file of soldiers. A number of arrests took place, but the parties all being persons of character end petition, were released immeattely. After this, Ileyneu remained some little time at the eoneert, guarded by a knot ofilleigien officers, and followed by the spectators in all his movements. As ho returned from the concert to his hotel, he was again hissed, and a number of uncomplimentary cries were beard, but no violence was practised. Marantomv.—The Weather, aged 40, of iM. proving political connexion's, sad being as well known for his independence of mind se In Is for ►is independence of fortune, is anxious to form • matrimonial alliance wit► • young lady, not older than himself, who might be able to command, if not an army, at least the sea•+ of procuring one in the hour of necessity. Temper is of so kind of ob ject, as political influence in the stale el Nampo is the grand thing needed. It this influence in the male can be further Increased by the weight of • fortune sulleiently large to turn the scale in the advertiser's tavour, so mach the better. Absence from England having somewhat limited the circle of his respectable acquaintance, induces him to take this now not very unusual mode of making known his wishes. lies every reason to believe his name and position would, upon acquaintance, make any 01111 happy who accepted his hand, though it still might hear upon it the stains of recent ' political events. Any young lady answering this proposal mug send with it medical certificates of her having been vaccinated, as welt as her portrait, the likeness of which must be attested by two of her dearest friends.—Address, under the cover of secrecy, to L. N., Elysi , e, Paris, marked outside, " Tendcr."—N.B. Young ladies of the House of Coburg nay apply.—l'uncA. FRANCE. PARIS, TIISSDAT EVINIZO. The Monifaur publishes the addresses received by telegraph from 15 councils-general. These documents present two futures in common. They all begin by expressing gratitude towards the President for the services rendered to France and to society by the eosy) cregat of December 2; but none proclaim a wish for the establishment of the hereditary empire, which is openly invoked by several of the councils of arron dissements. Several, nevertheless, allude to Louis- Napoleon u the heir of the Emperor. Probably diplomatic considerations, and the wish to avoid giving umbrage to the northern powers, have im posed, under the auspices of chairmen in the con fidence of the government, this regard for existing treaties on such of the councils as are most favourable to the views of Louis Napoleon. The proclama tion of this Prince as b.mperor for life, or as Emperor with the power of transmitting the crown to his descendants, comes to pretty much the same thing as concerns France, where no settle ment of the supreme power for the last sixty years has been able to survive a single generation. To alarm Europe by affecting the hereditary empire would be riskingall for a shadow, while the substance may be grasped without any risk at all. The coun cils where there is a majority devoted to the govern ment seem, under the direct inspiration of ministers or high functionaries, to have acted on this hint, and avoided the untutored zeal of the lower municipal as semblies. Nevertheless, as if implicitly to consecrate the hereditary principle, many of the former style the President the heir of the Emperor. In four of the addresses those of the Charente, Cher, Duels, and Seane-et-Loire, the claw of opposition peeps from language of velvet. All the rest either express a wish tor the President to become emperor, or, what amounts to pretty much the same thing, to consolidate and perpetuate the power in his hands. I shall proceed to extract from each of these addresses the words which are intended to convey their political meaning, and which, by the way, in one or two instances are ambiguous enough. The Nord expresses no wish; it only affirms that " the loyal concurrence of the council is gained to the Prince, upon whom reposes henceforth the des tinies of France. The benefits due to him will be maintained and enlarged by the stability of the future." Cold enough this. The Pas de Calais, next door to the Nord, is some degrees warmer. "It ex presses the wish that the power, of which the Prince his made so worthy and glorious a use, should re main heneeforward in his hands under a form as strong as durable, which may for ever deprive hostile oppositions of the hope of agitating afresh the country at a determined epoch, on which all evil passions seem to count beforehand." Here the presidency for life or empire seems invoked. The Sesame is very brief, and simply " wishes to see con solidated in the hands of Louis Napoleon a power of which ho hu made so noble and salutary a use." The Seine Inferieure "places all its hopes la the heir of the Emperor, and wishes that, in order to secure tho future of the country in a definitive way, the chief power should be perpetuated in the hands of Louis Napoleon." The Manic " directs the solicitude and initiative of the great powers of the state towards the means of giving to an authority twice issued from the national will all the stability which is re quired and desired by the country." This appears somewhat ambiguous, the sort of stability required and desired by the country in the powers of Louis Napoleon being the very question at stake, which the councils are invited to resolve. The Bas-Rhin affirms that "France needs stable and definitive institutions," and " begs the Prince to complete the work he has begun with the visible protection of l'roviderce." The Cotes-du-Nord, extreme points of Britanny and stronghold of legitimacy, calls the President " the man of Providence, like his uncle of imperishable memory, who has saved the country from the hideous excesses of anarchy," and affirms that " France breathes under a wise and firm government, of which she desires the stability for her repose, her prospe-' rity, and her greatness." The Loir-et-Cher speaks out plain, and expresses the wish " that the Prince Napoleon may be named Emperor of the French." The Loiret wishes " that the Senate should take the necessary measures to give to the powers conferred on his Highness the Prince Louis Napoleon a character of duration and stability, which may permit him to continue the work so happily commenced, and to secure the repose and prosperity of France." The Cher says : " The appease ment of civil discord, the pacification of hearts, and the direction of all the living forces of society towards the practice of institutions which permit the country to repose with calm in a liberty wisely regulated under the shelter of a strong and stable power, each is the wish of France, such is the signification of the seven millions of suffmges she gave you on the 10th (20th ?) of December. Our devoted concurrence will not fail you for this work of consolidation any more than it failed you on the day of combat." The C4te d'Or is plainer. It wishes " that the Senate should consult as to the means of perpetuating the power is the hands of the heir of the Emperor." The Suns et-Loire is the briefest of all, and in evident opposition. It confides in the "high wisdom of the Prince-President to consolidate and perpetuate by solid institutions the _prosperity and greatness of France." The Doubs equally cold. It expresses " the firm conviction that the powerful arm which has known how to found order and peace will know how to consolidate and maintain them." The Haute-Oarenne expresses the wish that the Senate, drawing its inspirations from the circumstances and the great interests of the country should inquire into the great mamma pro per to consolidate in the hands of the Prince-Prue ant the power whisk he holds from the national will" Out are the say pumps of thus addresses widok sontais any msentag et political ist orta I n t seems curlews that the G&W paper should by publish* the addresses et NM of the ' t semselle-passeel. sulk se time et the Oates da Nord, the Hante-Ciarease, and the Need, while the wishes of the intsinesdiate demimonde are not given. The Chissahetioneel has reduced its annual sub scription to 32 francs. A journal of Nancy has received the following commeniges The journals are net to publish any report of the sittings of the counells-general bat those which the presidents of these councils think proper to communicate to them. General Magnan left Paris yesterday for Stras burg, to take part in the proceeding of the council general of the department M. Fortoul has notified to the newspapers that the announcement of his departure to preside at the council-general of the department of the Basses- Alpes was a mistake. The numerous occupations of the minister of . public instruction will not allow of his quitting Paris at this moment. It appears from the Momiteur that Viscount Clary, who was appointed president of the council-general of the Loir and Cher, has refused to serve, and Gene ral Baron Servatim is appointed in his place. This refusal of Count Clary is the more remarkable from the circumstance that he is a cousin of Louis Napo leon, his relative Mademoiselle Clary of Marseilles, having married Joseph Bonaparte, the Kies of Spain. Viscount Clary was a member of the Legislative As seErikmbly, where he generally voted in favourr of the No certain intelligence has been given by the go vernment prose at Paris u to the points stipulated in favour of Belgian commerce. According to be best information I can get, the articles on which the duties are reduced are cotton, stuffs for trowsers, lean cattle, and hope. The Monileur contains the follow ing notice of the conclusion of the treaties: Oa Sunday, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, with MM. Firmin Realer and C. Leidts, plenipotentiaries of the King of the Belgians, signed two trendies which will be received with equal satisfaction. by public opinion in Brussels and in Paris. The Ant of these ratifies definitively between France sad Belgium the reciprocal guarantee of property in works of intellect and an, and at the same time reduces to a just proportion the respective duties imposed on the importation of books, printed papers, engravingsand lithographic prints. The second treaty sanctions some reductions in the cus toms tariff. Thcrintrie affirms that the two conventions in question will come into operation on the Ist lan., 1N.,3, and that the exchanges of ratifications between the two powers will take place on the 10th Decem ber next ; the fixing of that date will dispense with the necessity for the Belgian government to convoke an extraordinary session of the Chambers, as the opening of the ordinary session will take place at the beginning of November. It is stipulated, among other conditions in the literary convention, that the duty on French books printed in Belgium and im ported into France shall bo fixed at 20fr. per 100 kilogrammes, and that on national books pnnted in THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 25, 1852. France and introduced into Belgium, 10fr. This different* in the duties explains itself by the dif ference in the price of manufacturing books in the two countries; it constitutes, in fact, perfeet equality. The architect of the Elyst , e has drawn up a report, after due investigation, on the fire which lately broke out at the Elysee, an d has reed his work to the Pre sident. The report, I hear, concludes that the fire was not accidentally occasioned, as had been sup posed, by the overheating of a stove, but was the result of inafice prepense on the part of persons who gained access to the premises, certain artificial com bustibles having been discovered in the bureau of the President's cabinet. The President, having listened calmly to the report, said at the close, " No, it was the stove." The conclusions of the report will not, I therefore, be made officially public. In consequence of the acute malady from which the Prince suffers, he has adopted latterly a strict regimen and spare diet. Alexandre Dumas, who has been settled in Bel gium since the 2nd December, although not included in any list of proscription, has just returned to Paris by way of the Rhine and Strasbiurg. The Unirers has this startling criticism upon Prondhon's book : --------- The author is not content with insulting according to his custom, the clergy, Christianity, and Oud ' himself: he goes further—he insults the emperor and the empire. In addition to the concessions for railways which have just been signed by the Minister of Public Works, the 7Mbats Nye: There is another project now under consideration by the ro v u e tr, m en e rto in c o a rd te e n r d t i o t w as ra f p a l r e as te t t h ll li f n ro e n o t f ie rai r o l f w ged o m f o t n h t e , on the side of the Var, by starting from Marseilles or front Toulon. In order fur this line to produce any useful re sults, it is necessary that the two governments of Prance and Piedmont should act In concert. Nothing, certainly, could be more easy ; . their interests are common, and they are animated with the best feelings of extents cordial. one towards the other. In this ease the Piedmonteas govern ment would not hesitate to welcome the propositions of the companies which undertake to open a railway from Nics to Coedit., or Allninga, and to continue it the whole length of the Volley of Tanana es far as Cheraseo, where it would connect itself with that which is now open from Turin to Milan by Novare. In still following the course of the Tonere, the line would naturally run from Cheri's.° as far as Aste, when it would join the Alexandria line, the real nucleus of the railways of Upper . Italy, for from Alexandria they go on one side to loran and the Lago Maggiore, and on the other to Voghere, Modena, Bologna, and Ancona. Consequently this new line would connect France and the Mediterranean with Bwitterland, Lom bardy, the Legations, and the Adriatic. It is, therefore, useless to insist further on Its great importance. The valley of the Tanaro is only separated from the sea by a small ridge which unites the Appenines to the chain of the Alps, and which can be easily made practicable by piercing a tun nel of little more than half a mile in length. At the Bourse the Four-and-a-Half per Cents. rose 30, and closed at 105.30; the Threes, tree 55, and closed 70.55. Bordeaux and Teato Railway rose 22.50; the other lines varied but little from yester day. The first number of the Pays, re-organised andsold at the reduced price of 40f. a year, appears to-day. This journal, since its editor, M. do la Cluerronniere, the old republican fellow-labourer of Oirardin and Lamartine, became the thick and thin supporter of the present government, has been famous for distinc tions without differences. This characteristic seems likely to be preserved under the new management. M. do la Cluerrouniere retaining his post of " redac. teur en chef." The puff preliminary of twelve columns which inaugurates the new number begins by asserting that old journalism died with the institutions of which it was the image, and the passions of which it was the echo, and that i modern journalism remains to be created. The newspapers that, blind to the transformation of society effected on December 2, continue to write upon the old system, preach in a desert. No one listens to them. Party polemics are dead, but poli tics are as full of vitality as ever. Formerly politics were concentrated in the person of one man, a king, and when this man was called Charlemagne, Philip Augustus, Louis XII., Henry IV., Louis XIV., this man in his formidable power represented the nation of which he was the head. In later times politics were spread over the tiers Nat, parliaments, states general, revolutionary assemblies, committees of pub lic safety, tribunes, parties, coteries, coalitions, and salons. All this the Pays pretends is at an end, and politics are now, not as the vulgar might suppose, temporarily suppressed by a military despotism, but diffused more widely than ever. They are so longer confined to a king, a dynasty, a class, a party, but belong to everybody (" tout Is monde.") The dif ference between the old and new order of things is then defined. Before December 2 politics meant divers opinions, opposing passions often generous but always dangerous, ardent rivalry and ego tistic competition ; now they mean practical and positive interests, moral mil material progress, possible and just ameliorations, intelligence, property, capital, labour. This, says the new Pays, is transformed politics and regenerated jour nalism; as if there had been no question of the moral and material interests of society before the coup creltat, and as if it were now possible to discuss them apart from human passions, without exciting hostile interests, and without provoking difference of opinion. The promises of novelty made by the new journal are in harmony with this strain of reasoning. A low price and kgreat deal for the money aro the temptations held out to subscribers. It is nothing new that a journal should be sold for as low a price as can be remunerative. If the Pays does more than this it will either make a bad specu lation, or, which is probably to be the case, its kilo; must be indemnified by the government that it sup ports. The novelty of tho matter to befurnisbed by the regenerated print consists only in the form of its prospectus. The Pays promises to be twelve news papers rolled into one. It is to be :-1, a religious journal; 2, a journal of public instruction; 3, a financial journa l; 4, an agricultural journal; 6, an administrative journal; 6, a commercial and statistical journal; 7, a law journal; 8, an army journal ; 0, a navy journal ; 10, a journal of public works; 11, a journal of the sciences ; and 12, a medical journal. This list, so ostentatiously num bered, is nothing more than an enumeration of the principal heads of intelligence to be found daily in all the unregenerated organs of public information. There is as complete an absence of novelty in it as in Dr. Vetoes " New France." It must, however, be admitted that the prospectus holds out an imposing list of names, as forming the editorial staff of the new enterprise. M. de Cormenin, the author of the republican constitution of 1848, recently converted to Bonapartism, and now a Coun cillor of State ; M. Ferdinand Barret, an ex-minister of the interior, and a councillor of state; M. Le Verricr, senator and member of the institute ;1 M. Villemain, military commissary and councillor of state; M. Clot, an ex-mayor of Paris; M. Godelle, ex-representative and councillor of state; M. Ha vaisson, member of the institute, and inspector- general of the university; M. Barbaroux, councillor of state; Baron de Bourgoing, formerly a peer ofl France, and as ambassador ; the well-known Amedee de Comm, the notorious Omnier de Cassagnac, M. Josseau, a converted republican ; and Doctor Emery,' physician to the Senate, are all expected to contri bute articles upon subjects with which, respeetively, they are especially familiar. It is not to be sup posed that all these eminent, but for the most part place-bunting personages, intend to give their ser vices to the Pays from pure patriotism. It is be jond the bounds of probability that the profits of the ournal can suffice to remunerate them. The in ference therefore is, either that their names are used for effect, like the names in a play bill, not one half of whom ever appear before the public, or that they are government agents, employed to support government measures in print, and to be paid with public money. The inhabitants of Caen have received a "frater nal " letter from the town of Chelmsford. This is the commencement of a correspondence intended to be carried on between some fifty English towns and the principal towns in Fiance. The idea originated in England. I know not upon what principle the corresponding towns aro to be paired. In the pre sent instance there is the same alphabetical affinity as between Macedon and Monmouth, and in the im portance of the cider mart of Normandy and the capital of corn-growing Essex there is no striking disparity. The Ordre et In Liberte7 of Caen, which I have nut been so fortunate as to see, publishes a translation of the letter of the burgesses of Chelms ford, and announces that the Mayor of Caen will write an answer iu the name of his fellow-towns men. Snoonno &num—ln the night of the 10th and 11th of August there were counted in the observatory at Borne the extraordinary number of 84G shooting stars. GERMANY. The Cologne Gazelle states that the Belgian go vernment does not intend to renew the treaty of commerce with the Zollverein, which expires on the 31st of December next. It has declared, says this journal, that the state of its negotiations with France do not permit to assign fixed bases to the future commercial relations between Belgium and the Zell ' verein. HANOVER. The Hanoverian government has just published an order forbidding all meetings of Anabaptists, and threatening with imprisonment any foreign mission ary of that sect, who shall attempt to preach in the Hanoverian territory. HOLLAND. The Dutch Minister of Finance ha signified in a non-official manner to the journals his intention to effect, about the end of the present year, the conver sion of the Four per Cents. into 'three per Cents. The amount of inscriptions on the great book of Four per Cent. stock is 237} millions of florins. This news has been well received at the Bourse at Amsterdam. ITALY. PIEDMONT. The Official Gazette of Saray of the 20th, posi tively asserts, upon the authority of advice. from Turin, that M. Pernati, miniver of the interior, has resigned, and that the King has scut for Count Pouza di San Martino. Tho Piednsontese Gazette, of the 21st, publishes al notification issued by the Minister of Public Works at Turin, announcing that as the Sardinian govern ment has determined upon opening a competition for the construction of a transalpine road through Savoy, all competent capitalists, contractors, and companies are invited to send in their propositions, limited by the conditions annexed to the notification. Companies or persons desirous of adventuring their capital in the said enterprise must apply to the minis ter of public works for permission to survey the line they propose at their own risk and expense, which will be granted to them upon their depositing a proper sum, to answer for any damage that might be occa sioned during the operations. Orders will moreover be given to the authorities to give every assistance and local information in their power to the surveyors. The principal conditions laid down are as follow :—The line is to commence at Modane, in the province of Modena, and follow the valley of the Ate, until it meets the 1%71.0, which it is to follow as far as Montmeillan, whence it is to strike off to Cheru bim From the latter place it is to proceed to Aix-les- Rains, take the direction of Athens, and turn off towards Annecy, to which it is to ap proach as near as the ground will allow, and thence take the direction of the frontier of Geneva, so as to pass through the most populous districts with the smallest possible expense. The Sardinian government engages to treat with the canton of Geneva and tho federal government, in order to obtain for the successful company the concession of that portion which is to continue to the city of Geneva. There is to be a single line of rails; the radii of the curves are not to be less than 450 metres, except in some extraordinary case, where 300 may be allowed. Tho bridges are to be of stone or iron. TURKEY. The Monitors of Paris says : We have received intelligence from Constantinople to the 10th, to the effect that Fuad Effendi is nominated minister of foreign affairs; that every satisfaction has been granted us in what concerns Tripoli ; and that every disposition is shown to accede to our other demands. MONT BLANC.—(Extract from a letter dated Cha mouni, August 19.)—" An unsuccessful attempt to ascend Mont Blanc was made yesterday by a party of five travellers. The weather has been generally very unfavourable, but Monday and Tuesday were Eo flue, that the gentlemen prepared for the ascent. The guides prognosticated a change. The party, however, would not attend to their advice, but in sisted on starting about 10 o'clock yesterday morn ing. About 3in the afternoon it came on to rain. They crossed the Glacier des Boesous in safety, and reached the Grand Mulcts about half-past 5. Here they passed a miserable night, and returned this morning in rather a crest-fallen procession, reaching the village about noon. Chamouni is crowded with visitors, and the greatest difficulty ie experienced in getting anything like a bed. The weather has been, at the same time, any thing but pleasant. The road between the village and Sallenches has become very dangerous from the storms. Several of the bridges have been carried away by the torrents; regular carriage communica tion has been repeatedly stopped ; and the nerves of the lady tourists have been put to some very serious trials. A char-a-bane was overturned last week near Les Ouches, in consequence of the road having been cot up by a torrent, and one young lady was much hurt. But the people still continue to pour in, S and the Sardinian government has reorganised all the guides under the old regulations broken in 1848." THE WAR WITH BURMAH. (Tram last night's Oasefte.) INDIA-BOARD, AUGUST 21, 1852.—Th0 despatch of whieh the following is an extract, bas been this day received at the East India House : The Ooveruor•Qeneral of India in Council to the Secret Committee. (Estract.) —--- June 15, 1852.—N0. 26. We beg to refer the committee to the notification of the sth instant, In which we have publicly espressed our sense of the promptitude, skill, and gallantry displayed by LieutenanYGeneral Godwin, Commodore Lambert, and all the officers and men engaged in the combined operations l against Bassein. MOTIVICA,TION„ , Fort William, June 5, 1852. The Governor-Cleneral in Council has the gratification of annonneitig the capture of Husain, and of publishing for general information the despatches which report the combined operations of the naval and military force by which this service has been execute 1. In ascending for 60 miles a river still very imperfectly known—in effecting the landing of the troops, and captur ing the city, the fort, and the stockaded defences on b o th sides of tits river, fully garrisoned and armed—and in se oomplishing all this with very unequal numbers, and within the limits of a single day—the combined forces at Its•sein performed a gallant and spirited service, which well deserves the approbation and applause of the govern ment of India. To Major-General Godwin, C. 8., and to Commodore Lambert, the Governor-General in Council has again the satisfaction of offering his cordial acknowledgments of the ability and good will with which they have united their es ertions for ensuring success to the operations in which they were engaged. The Governor General in Council begs to repeat his thanks is Major Bouldersos, Deputy Judge-Advocate-Ge neral, to Captain Latter, to Captain Chas, aide-de-came, and to Lieutenant Ford, of the Madras Sappers, for their conduct in the field on this occasion. liu Lordship in Council desires especially to mark his sense of the services rendered by Major Errington, her Ma jesty's blot Light Infantry, commanding the detachment of troops at Bassein ; and to Commander Campbell, of the Indian Navy, by whom the stockade upon the right hank of the river was stormed and taken. To Capt. Rice, Capt. Dermal', and Lieut. Carter, of her Msjesty's blst Light Infantry; to Lieut. Ansley, 9th Ma dras Native Infantry; to Lieut. Custer, Bengal Engineers and to Dr. M'Cosh, of the medical department; the Gover nor-General in Council begs leave to convey his best thanks. Equal acknowledgments are due to Lieut. Rice, Royal Navy ; to Lieut. Elliott, and Lieut. Nightingale, Royal Marines ; to Commander Hewett, to Lieut. Robinson, and Lieut. Lewis, Indian Navy; and to Capt. Dicey, Capt. Burbank, and Mr. F. Duncan, of the Bengal Marine, whose services have been commended. The Governor-General in Council has particular satis faction in adding the expression of his entire approbation of tho gallantry and good conduct of the officers, non-commis siosed officers, and men of her Majesty's blst Regiment, of the oth Regiment Madras Native Infantry, of the Madras Sappers and Miners, and of the seamen and marines em ployed in the capture of the city of Bassein. By order of the most noble the Governor-General of India In council. C. ALLEN, Officiating Secretary to the Government of India. Manic Acyou.—Aa the Fife boat reached Dun dee from Newport, at 12 o'clock on Tuesday, a boy, about It years of age, who was bathing, had got beyond his depth into an eddy, where he was rapidly . sinking. As soon as n bin danger wan perceived, C a pt. Meet Maitland I)ougall, R.N., of Seobsersig, who had just landed from the steamer, at once leaped from the pier, a height of about 15 feet, into the water, and, having got hold of the boy, swam with him in his arms to the shore. It was low tide at the time, and from the height of hit leap we were sorry to observe that the gallant gentleman appeared to have done liint,elf some injury. V 0 e Court. OSBORNE, TUE4I,AT, Her Majesty and Prince Albert, uccompanied by the Princess Ilel.na and Trine, as Louisa, drove out In an open carriage yesterday. Lord Colville was in attendance un horseback. _ tic; Earl and Countess of Derby arrived on a whit to the <lnept. The royal dinner party included the Earl and Countess of Derby, the Earl and Countess of Wilton, fLironess Spetk. the lion. Colonel and Mrs. Phipps, and Mr. Gibbs. • - Mr. Newdegate bad as into rview with Mr. Sterctari Walpole yesterday at the Home-office. The Cambridge University Commission had a meeting yesterday at the official residence of the First Lord of ,the Treasury, in Downing-street. Present : —The Bishop of Chester, the Dean of Ely, Sir John Ilerachel, Professor Sedgwick, and the Rev. W. IL Bateson (Secretary). Dispatches were sent yesterday from the Colonial -office to the Governors of Hong Kong and Ceylon, and to the Governor of Malta. (From last ulaht'e (as.rtte.) WHITEHALL, Auct . sT 21.—The Queen has been pleaed to appoit t William Stuart Walker, Advocate, to be Secretary to the Board of Supervision for Relief of the Poor iu Scotland, in the room of William Smythe, Ere, , resigned. _ _ I/OWNING-STREET, Amcor 24.—The Queen has been pleated to appoint Boy!e Traren Firtnies, to be Colonial Secretary; Robert It. Torrent, E.g., to he Col on i a l Trcuorer and Registrar• General ; George Frederick wood, Esq., to be Collector of Customs; and Aletaader Tultner, EN., to be Commissioner of Pollee, for the colony of South Australia. COMMISSION SIGNED BY THE LORD LIEI7TENANT or WORCE , IERSHIKE.—Major Thorns. Clowea to I e Lies tenant-Colonel of the Worcestershire 11.eititnettt of Militia. CoMMISSION SIGNED BY TILE LORD LIEUTENANT OF GLOUcHlannSlllnt.—Alfred Sartori., gent., to be ' Lieutenant in the Royal Gloucesteniliiro Regiment of Humar Yeomanry. COMMISSIONS SIGNED BY THE LORD LIEUTENANT OF NORTUUKBEKLAND.—Lieutenant Thomas James to be Captain, Cornet Calverley Robert liewicke to be Lieute nant, ant henry Parker, gent., to be Cornet, in the North umberland and Newcastle Yeomanry Cavalry. COMMISSIONS SIGNED HY THE LOKI) LIECTF.NANT Or Yottrattinr.—Lieutenont Viscount Gorterieb to be Cap tain,soli Cornet the lion. Franck Lawler to be Lieutenant, in ie Yorkshire Hussar Megiment of West Hiding Yeo• =miry Cavalry. COMMISSION SIGNED BY THE LORD LIEUTENANT or ST . HREY.—William Earl of Lovelace to be Colonel of the 2nd Regiment of Surrey Militia. WAR.OVIICK, Ar 61.9. 11. tat Reef. of Drap.—Leut. A. 11. Da la. yr. o has bees allowed to renre horn the crake by the wale of hie colochhoion ; T. K. lilt. GRIMED. gent., to be cot.. by per- Itth Rev. of Lt. Dradv.—Reginwntal Pearl—Major P. BROWNE to be car., without pu•., vice Bolt, dee. 1.1 or Grenadier It. Gda.—Lh ut. and Capt. the Don- 11. T. BORN. ERR to be CIO. and lieut.-col., try per., Tee Brev..Col. C. Hurry who nets.; MR. C. VAN RVITLK BOLL to be lieut. and apt., by pur.., vice lion. 11. T. Euravter. 13th Rest. of Y.—Livid. ii. A. PORELI, from h.p.of Lb, Royal Cruka.rt Rine Rept. , to he Lieut., wre Sayer., arp. pompon. :Ist r.—Assist.,linc. J. BRW.eR, Nit. , from the lay Brigade, to be sure., vice Tier. app. to the rtitY. find Y.—Lieut. L. B. Ktno, from SUili Y., to be Leut., vice Reeky, wro each. tbth F.- [ent J. Under, from the 32nd F., to be eat., slee KM& who each. iynd F.—Ens. A. FIZIWIT, from the Slit F., to be ins, 51e, its Luce H. Flower, prom. ilth F.—W. C. Menconeco, gent., to be ens., by put., vice Fneesd. prom. 10th V.—Assist..l3urg. O. Accnistuz, M.l) , from the S2od F., to Se smist,surg , vice I.uom, app. to the staff. Ilnd Fitsfrhurg. A. E. Jerdi to be atoirt.esurg., vice Art. thinieck, app. to the litith P. hit V.— Brev.-111•Jur C. F. !Jeanie:Jr, from h..p. moat., to he (apt repaying the difference, view C. Cesunbell, who eta.- Lieut. E. U. ltritewtruso to be cApt, by put" vice Ilevi•lek, who ret.; Ene. J. C. ewoon to by per., vice Nt doyenne. let West DAM ltegt.—J. F. N. Ili w.rr. 'cut., to be tag, without per.. vice J. N. Bewley, app. to Ind West India newt. IMWed India Itegt.—Ene. J. N. 8RA.1.1,Y, from let Wert India Regt., to be ens., vicie I court, prom.; tluArterinas.-aerj. W. Dews to be eon, without pur., vice Becht r, prom. Wei v.—lnc...Maj. J. R BlItl . NR•14. 15th F., to be dep. edi -gee. in Ceylon, with the rank of licut:oul. in the army, cite co:. E. t oui bn,dee. rfoerrret Sverr.—lnerce.-Gen. of Hospitals, with lord rank in Ire. Lind, tile J. Pretence, M.l), to be inepec..gen, of brood ; Dep. InepreAlen. of Iforpltals C. II AC1.1.101, M.D., to he imp:a...gen. of kinspltals, with load rank In Ire.and, vied Sir J. Meade, M. 11., who rats. upon 15.-p. • Sta ff -Surg. of let el. A. Cranium, to be dep , tn. epre.-gen. of boPitels, vice Meehan, pram.; Stelf.Surg. of Ind el. D. Mtrnes, to be etelEsurg. let el vice Cumming, prom.• Mug, J. C.O. Tice, M.D., from tire F., to be staff..urg. 2nd et, v ice Men. non, prom.; Areist..surg. It. C. Leese, from both F., to be:mist, 'tug. to tbslosem, nice Jacob, appointed to &hid I'. THE CASE OF FORGERY BY A CLERGYMAN. (FROII OTR CORRESPONDENT) WORCESTER, TGESDAT MOONING. The Rev. .1. Nisbett was again brought up before Mr. Sidebottom, the stipendiary magistrate of this city, yesterday evening, and underwent a final exsmination, on the charge of uttering a forged bill of exchange fa with intent to defraud Mr. W. S. I'. Hughes, solicitor of this city. The interest taken in the proceedings was rather on the increase than otherwise, acd the inconvenient room at the back of the Guildhall, used as the police-court by Mr. Sidebottom, was crowded to MVP. The hearing was deferred until past three o'clock, to suit tho convenience of a witness summoned from London. Mr. Wright, solicitor of Birmingham, appeared for the prosecution; and Mr. Elgie, of Worcester, tor the prisoner, who was accommodated with a seat during the hearing. Proceedings commenced by Mr. Wright calling Mr. James P. Newman, who deposed that he was a clerk in the employ of the South Western Railway Company, at their station, Nine Elms, Vauxhall, Loudon. He became superintendent of that station in the year 1850, and con tinued so until the month of August, 1851. Ilad continued in the employ of the company up to the present time in a different capacity, at the Nine Elms station, in PI , goods department. Would swear there was not at any time lathe year 1851 a clerk in the goods department at the Nine Elms station, Vauxhall, of the name of Richard Mitchell, nor was there, from the month of September 1817 up to the present time any person of that name there. Cross-examined by Mr. Elgie.—Had been acquainted with all the clerks employed in the goods department at the Nine Elms station from the year 1847 to the present time. Had not the payment of the clerks, nor the engagement of them. Did not keep any record of the clerks engaged. It is not the practice of the clerks themselves to engage assist ants. If a clerk wants a day's holiday he is provided witk a substitute by the superintendent, which substitute is paid by the company. There arc books kept by the enmpany containing the names of all the clerks employed. He (wit ness) had not get the books there, nor hod he rowelled them to see whether the name of Itichard Mitchell was en tered as clerk. Hy Mr. iiTiebottom—Why three things were so clear to his mind was this, that the pay-sheet, which comes from the directors once a month for the clerks at a yearly salary, is handed to each clerk to sign his name every month ea a receipt for the money ; therefore the list went before every such clerk and witness's hands too. Mr. William Henry Thomas, the banker's clerk, was allowed to amend his former deposition, in which be stated that the first time he saw the prisoner at the Bank was Ia 1849; be had since ascertained that be first saw bon is 0.-tosser, 18430. Mr. Wright announced that this closed the evidence Os the part of the prosecution, and applied to 111144 all witnesses for the prisoner ordered out of court, but the application was unnecessary, there being none forthcoming. The whole of the depositions were then read over. and the prisoner having been first cautioned in the usual manner by Mr. Sidebottom, was asked if he had anything to say to lus defence. Mr. Elgie rose and said that, perceiving the court had fully made up its mind how to deal with the case, he should decline entering upon his defence then. The prisoner was then fully committed to take his trial at the next assizes for the city of Worcester, for forging and uttering the bill of exchange for 3001. to Mr. Hughes. Mr. Elgio then made application to have kis client ad mitted to bail, and urged that the case, as presented, was s simple case of uttering, and that there was nothing in the circumstances which called for excessive bail; he hoped, therefore, the court would admit to bail, and would not re quire sureties to a heavy amount. Mr. Sidebottom at first said that be had not fulls . made up his mind yet on this question ; but upon being Premed by Mr. Elgic eventually agreed to take bail—the prisoner in 1,0001., and two sureties in 6001. each, and said he should require a week's notice. The prisoner was then removed in custody, and the pro secutor and his witnesses were severally bound over to pro. aecute and give evidence. This is the only case which has been entered into helot the magistrates, but it is said that the pnumrr'e Pal*" afford ample proof of other forgeries of a similar nature. THE CHARGE OF FORGERY AGAINST A HMI. SOLlClTOR.—Yesterday, Wm. Cooper Robinson, the solter tor charged with having forged the signature of a res ref*: ble inhabitant of that town to an I. 0. t.. for 1,0001.. who wus remanded on Saturday last, was again brought before the magistrates at the Mansion houw. It was prised in evidence that Mr. Prickett, whose DOW had ban, with out his knowledge, attached to the I. 0. C., had, as mort gagee, given the prisoner authority to sell the meaty, the deeds of which the prisoner had proposed to deposit , ' security for the loan of 1,001., the I. 0. P. being to the shape of a temporary guarantee, until the deeds could be obtained from London. Mr. Ilindes, who appro. , ' f" Robinson, having argued at considerable length, that as I. 0. C. was a document not acknowledged by the law, bet only permitted as evidence of a debt upon an actual tricot . lion having been corroboratively proved, and therefore, St DO money had been obtained in this case, that the chile would nut lie. The magistrates decided to commit II e es; goner to the borough sessions, and stated that they mrale allow bail, himself in 2001., and two sureties in lOW ( tch. TILE LAST OF THE CRYSTAL FALACE.—The Palate is now a desolate blank, and in a few days every fwd..' ra the upper part will be taken away, hundreds of vans 11 ,44 engaged daily in the transit of the materialA to Sy.kt, b•in At the close of the week will come the " diggings: a , e here unthought of treasures are expected to be llama. flooring will have last to be taken up, and the mod , %t r : ordinary prices have been offered for the privilege of seal i ing the ground underneath, where it is expected many n ' t. Mlles will be found, as great room was allOrded in the Or ing of the Great Exhibition tar valuables to pan the. The model lodging-houses erected by Prince Ante etc also demolished. cat itn] wh be it Tic quf dec glor Orr cow bon mit: limi gatio at th al po mine in W