The Express. — London, England, 1853-08-01 00:00:00

Vie erpregis. TO CORRESPONDENTS. aimed lathes 174. Ezattes.^eowu itw ^Mil vital, g`t 'WNW *my Toaadsy sal hilt; r. Mat far lam Ittittrameati Intended Poe " ne F.aproa,*l.Amaat Manta MI". mast Oa at the tleas, tO. Ilaavatis.atreet. W I,u gielail the Is at WM.:alias. 211011 WATER AT LONDON BRIDOR Taus Pat —Masts& 111. tAs.. otv r TA.stoaass—ltorsass. AC ha. .—.......tftersoos. O. LONDON, MONDAY, AUG 118 7 1. WIIP.N VOLTAIRE and the French Eneyciop.•dists ; held up China as a model State, they little thought that events might occur which would introduce China ma a great agent in permeating the East with that I religion which the French Deist and his cot/ob./Wears were labouring to destroy. It is now beyond doubt that the insurrection in China, which at first ap peered to Europeans merely a rebellion of the native Chinese against their governors the Tartars, has all the character of a war of religion. Still more remarkable is the fact that the tenets of the adherents of the new faith seem peculiarly icono clastic. They seem directed against all idolatrous observances. Were there large Roman Catholic in stitutions to attack, the insurgent Chinese might be looked upon as the Protestants of the East. But they seem to be proceeding on their course without having the knowledge of any other disisions in the religious world than them melees, and the idolaters who oppose them. They are making their way with stern determination and irresistible force, sword in one hand and Bible in the other. They hold up their doctrines as unim peachable truth, and profess themselves ready to defend them to the uttermost. The Overland Mail brings a curious and interesting translation of " The book of religious precepts of the Thee Pong Dy nasty," which for the first time puts us in possession of a concise account of the religion possessed by theee native insurrectionists against the oppressions of the Tartar Dynasty. It is sery peculiar also that this book, which seems to be a thoroughly Oriental docu ment, and bears but little evidence of any admixture or occidental Christianity, still recognises most of the truths held by Jews and Christians of the present day. The collection of prayers Which it contains refers perpetually to the Saviour CllitlST as the "Redeemer from our sin." The tea eommandments aro enunciated almost literally after the Jewish text, although sub mitted to curious and original explanations. The most remarkable evidence, however, of the nature of the insurrection is contained in one of the docu ments published by the insurgents, in which a brief account of the principal events of the Jewish and Christian dispensation■ is followed by an assump tion of something like a divine mission by the chief of the insurrection. It is difficult, in the obscurities of a translation, to determine whether the head of the rebels claims divine powers, as a new incarnation of the Divinity or not. One thing is certain. The chief appeals to a large public, and one which, from its universal sympathy with him, can scarcely be supposed to bo unac quainted with some of the events to which he refers. Something no less certain is the remarkable success which has hitherto attended the progress of the revo lutionists—a success which can scarcely be attributed to anything elm but religious seal. There seems great probability that, in the face of a movement which has for its animating principles nationality and a religious principle, the Tartars may not be long able to hold their own. Under these circumstances, the visit which Sir G. Box nay, in the Hermes, paid to the insurrectionist chief to announce and explain the neutrality of the British Government, seems to have been dictated no less by the policy we long since hoped to eft pursued, than by good feeling. It is im possible to say what irfluence the Chinese insurrec tion if it establishes and legitimates Itself may have upon the destinies of the East. To find that veins of Christianity pervade the apparently unproductive fields of Chinese society, may turn out to be as im portant a discovery as that of Australian or Califor nian' gold. In spite of the material and moral and legal walls by which the " Celestial " government has hitherto endeavoured to keep the Chinese within the. geographical boundaries of the land, China appears to be one of the great emi grating countries. The nations of the East abound with Chinese emigrants. They are energetic and enterprising. They are deluging California, and are proceeding in shoals to Australia. What may we expect from such a nation, if their natural energies are left free to develop them• selves, aided by Christianity and liberal insti tutions ? The insurgents have received the Eugliah as brothers. They are evidently willing to meet us upon different terms to those which were endeavested to be enforced by the Tartan dynasty. The istmesurie with China, whisk lees hitherto been confined to theism-ports, may Uwe forth, if the ineurgenb alsere/d sussed and their religious efforts be successful, be carried into the interior. The most extensive Empire in the world, hitherto almost hermetically sealed against European influences, may be opened to Eng lish enterprise. It is impemdble to calculate the wonderful effect that this may have upon the civilisation of the East. All other nests of modern times in that quarter of the world sink to small dimensions when compared with the possible effects of a successful insurrection in China inaugu rating the dissemination of Christianity there. It may open the whole East to the in telligence, and activity, and culture of the West. It must afford opportunities and outlets for European energy—must give such a development to the commeree °revery trading nation as must tend to complete the circle of enlightenment and union which was begun by Cotemaus when he first set sail from the West to discover the road to the East, and which, although at first interrupted but after wards furthered by America, will bo now closed by the adhesion of the very element in the chain which appeared to oppose itself most obstinately to a thorough union. Sown of the latest news contained in the Organ of the Absolute Governments is " that nothing is so much wanting in Russia just now u money; and the many discreditable stories, which in lormer times were hushed up before they got well before th e European public, of strong State bands having been laid on trust moneys and charitable funds, and bank ing depnsits, to meet pressing emergencies, are being brought again into circulation, and serve as food for apprehension for the future." A new instance of the rapacity, and something worse, of the Russian dials is given in the last number of the Quarkili .Reriew. It is there stated that the only way in which' NicnoLns, who believes himself the single honest man in his dominions, can km p any kind of order is to make journeys at full gallop, at the risk of his neck, coming on the officials before they have time to ide the proofs of their deiinquency. The Ea PE BOR, it is said,had received information that tLe naval stores at the arsenal at Cronstadt (like the water in the fountains at Charing•cross, or the army at AsiLtv'e) were carried in at one gate, entered by a clerk, taken out by a sideway, and brought in and entered again—each entry of course being charged to the Treasury, with the full market price of the article. Determiued to catch the culprits Awn - into deliao, the steam of the imperial yacht was ordered to be got up forthwith ; the great man in person embarked —but just as he was nearing the port, a column of smoke was seen to rise from the Dockyard ; and in a few minutes all evidence of guilt was destroyed by the fire. But what can be expected of a people who unite the vices of savege with those of civilised life—who have been stopped by the strong arm of an Imperial despot in their career of cattle•grazing and corn• growing, and forced to become manufacturers, while they want materials and skill ; whose thirst for gold quals that of the meanest it w,whilst their power ofgra tifying it is annihilated by Imperial legislation. With a population of 62 millions, this great empire, a cen tury and a half after the foundation of St. Petersburg and the establishment by the Imperial power of all kinds of manufactures, has less traffic than Liverpool or London. According to Mr. *GREGOR'S statement, levee twelfths of all tha exports of Russia come to England, the value of which is 6,977,396/., and the total value of the exports is 11,866,2531., so that only 4,888,837/. are exported to other countries. Mr. APOREoox's statement is below the truth, for other authorities—Gorman and English—agree in estimating the exports at 13,300,000 L, and the im ports at about an equal sum. The 62 millions of Russiaus,thercfore, giving them credit for the larger sum, have only about one-sixth as much trade as the 2 millions of English. They have not only com paratively little trade, but that little dots not in crease. We are quite sure that exports must always keep pace with imports; and all authorities agree in Mr. 11Pl3ayooes statement, that the bulk of the Russian exports are to England. If the Russian trade increased, therefore our exports to Russia, or the imports of Russia from England, would incresee, But our own Parliamentary returns, which are much more to be relied on than statistics got up to make a show to the Faertaort, state that the value of our exports to Russia has been for many years almost stationary. The average declared value was:— Between 1831.3 and Between 1849.61 So that our trade with Russia, which is a fair index to the whole trade of that empire, has been absolutely stationary for twenty years. That the trade of Russia does not increase, may be shown, too, by the accounts published of the shipping which entered its ports. It was as follows : Entered towards Entered outwards. 1810 1343 1846 1847 ISIB 4,401 These returns differ somewhat, we are aware, from the accounts published by our Government in the Appendix to the tables of population, revenue, &c., for 1848, which show a greater, though not a steady, increase in shipping. Both returns epee in representing the great increase in the shipping to have taken place in 1817 ; and if we abstract that year from the comparison—a year of dearth in the rest of Europe, when an immense number of ships went in ballast to Russia, and immense quantities of corn were exported from Russia, unequalled since, the increase in the shipping of Russia in the eight years is trifling. The total entered iowarda and outwards in 1840 was 10,255, and in 1848 it was 10,598. Of this shipping a small portion only was Russian, and the rest foreign. In 1840, of the 5,113 ships entered inwards, only 810 were Russian; the rest were foreign, &eluding 1,633 English. Of those entered outwards, only 779 were Russian and 1,677 Earlish. In the other four years quoted, Mr. Ketatocn informs us. without stating the proportions, that the greater part I were English, Swedish, and Dutch vessels. He states, too, "that few Russian merchants engage in foreign trade. It is carried on principally in foreign bottoms, of which by far the largest proportion are English." These facts refer to a short time beck, but circumstances have only altered in favour of Russia by the abolition of oar Navigation Law, which has pro bably increased her shipping in a slight degree. She is no longer the first great source whence we get a supply of corn. We bring it now from all the countries of the world, and they share with her the advantages ore trade which the sliding scale adapted to her peculiarities. Our Free Trade may have augmented the trade of Russia, for it extends our trade with all countries; but even with that aug. mentation the trade of Russia is neither increasing nor prosperous. Runic imposes, Mr. *GREGOR states, numerous restrictions and prohibitions on trade by land, as well as on trade by *a. Her trade with Chins she has encouraged as much as her system would permit, Mr. *Gams puts down the whole amount of the exports in that direction at 398,4261. Other autho rities rate it much higher, and we, therefore, dwell not on her statement; but the total exports already mentioned distinctly prove that the total trade land wards of Russia is of little importance. Except on the side of Germany, she is surrounded by nations in the same semi-barbarous condition as herself, and with them she can have no extensive trade. A country with little trade, and that little not in creasing, implies weakness, not strength. Whatever might have been the ease in antiquity, in modern times nations grow in wealth and power more by arts of industry than by conquest and the sword. Extensive trade is synonymous with numerous ex changes; it implies minute division of labour, great individual skill, abundance of wealth, and compara tively easy methods of acquiring it. Wherever it exists, a comparatively small number of persons are engaged in producing the necessaries of life; and for any protracted contest a great many of them, and a large portion of their resources, are available. But wherever there is little trade the bulk of the ' people are assiduously engaged in tilling the soil for a bare subsistence. They may leave ono country for another, but a great many of them cannot he spared, and they have no resources available for • protracted mutest abroad. Hence the Russian commissariat is always defective and speedily exhausted ; and Russia, impregnable perhaps at home, is unable to continue a war beyond her own frontiers without foreign assistance, or unless the country she may seize can be made to support their icvadert. The NUM eiresaistanees afford an explanation of the immorality of her officials. From the example of their EMPEROR, from their own rank in life, and from the general manners of the nobility, the officials have the tastes, and to some extent the expensive habits, of the west of Europe. But their country, being without trade and its revenue very small, cannot pay them sufficiently to gratify their tastes, and so the factiti rue civilisation of the upper classes. induced by the imperial power, conjoined with general poverty, begets the system of official plun der universal in Russia. The EMPEROR, not seeing his Empire increase in wealth by peaceful arts, looks to invading and plundering his neighbours; and his servants, being in similar straits, defraud the treasury, A nation so poor and so little progressive, with such a demoralised ar.d depraved administration, whose people cannot have confidence in one another, can have no continued terror to the civilised people of Europe. In machinery and skill these possess power and resources almost immeasurably great in ' THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, AUGUST 1, 1853. comparison to Russia. Austria, with her fifteen million Sclnvonian subjects more attached to Peters burg than Vienna, may dread her ally hod protec tor. Poverty and ambition may make Russia rest less and troublesome, but they cannot give her anything like permanent power, nor enable her to contend with the prosperous countries of the West of Europe—if the latter earnestly oppose her. LATEST FROM THE CONTINENT. SPAIN. MXDRID, JULY 27. With the exception of M. Moyano, the minister of public works, all the members of the cabinet have tendered their resignations. This resolution appears to have been caused by the question relative to the concession of railways. Three per Cents., .141 ; One per Cent., 23} ; Certi ficates, 3). SWITZERLAND. BERNE, JULY 29. The National Council has adopted by 65 to 29 votes the proposition of the commission to leave the question of the differences with Austria to be settled by the Federal Council. JOLT 30. The two chambers united have elected M. Freiherose President of the Confederation fur 1854, and M. Ocheenbein rice-President. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. The following is the statement of the Courrier de Marseille in explanation of its recent announcement respecting the news brought by the Caradoc. A letter, from an authentic source, which we have re ceived by the Candor, informs us that the great Eastern question, so full of storms, is on the point of receiving that pacific solution on which we have always calcutsted. It as known that a plan of arrangement had been proposed to the Emperor Nichslas by the Austrian Internuncio. This plan has just been soot back to Constantinople by the Cave with his adhesion, subject to some modifications of detail which have been accepted by M. de Lacour and Lord Strat ford liedeliffe. In consequence of this assent of the am. bassadon of the mediating powers , _ the Porte ready to sign the arrangement amended by Russia; it only wants the ratification of "ranee sad England, whieh cannot fail to sanction the adhesion of their ambassadors. We may, therefore, consider the pacific solution of this formidable Turco-Russian coatietwhich at one time threatened to sot our old Europe in a blaze as &fait accompli. We guarantee the exactitude of the information which we now lay before our readers, and they may regard it as certain, whatever may De the contradictory versions to which the hasty arrival of the Caradoe may give rise. That vessel left Besika on the 21st. Iler despatches were brought to her on the evening of the 20th by the Nige-, and she made the passage to Marseilles in five days, which is the moat rapid run that has ever been made. The despatches brought by the Caradoc contain a double copy of the plan of arrange• meat of which we have spoken above, and to which the assent of England and of France is alone wanting. On arriving at Marseilles, Captain Derniman, who commands the Caradoe, sent off his despatches by Mr. Tucker, one of his officers, with orders to take poet horses from Avignon to Chllon, and special trains wh !CAMAS). We should be glad to believe this statement in all its circumstantiality. It is well known by this time that the Ambassadors of France, England, Austria, and Prussia, have agreed upon a plan of arrangement which, accepted by Turkey, only lacks the assent of Russia to render it final. But the Courrier above quoted states that this arrangement bad been approved beforehand by the Czar. The statement would be of immense value were it au thentic and official. Had the eastern news received from Vienna during the last few months been ordi narilyreliable, the most recent telegraphicdispatches from that capital would greatly assist the credit of the Marseilles accounts, alleging as they do that the proposition agreed to at Constantinople had received the Czar's preliminary ap proval. One thing appears certain ; the present period of suspense must soon terminate. Neither Turkey nor the powers which have espoused the' cause of her independence can endure a longer de lay. The res.urces of diplomacy have been exhausted in the preparation of the arrangement now on its way to St. Petersburg. The season demands the removal of the combined fleets, the Turkish popula. tion threatens to force on its rulers to active mea sures, and all Europe is scandalised by the spectacle done semi-barbarous power successfully setueg law, right, and public opinion at defiance. question were delivered to the French minister by the British ambassador, or by Mr. Jerningham, the charge d'affaires, in his absence, is a mat ter of no moment. The Siecle maintains that its article was substantially correct. Even in the cautious article of the Pays above cited, an expression has crept in confirmatory of this view. It speaks of " de cisive negotiations" being on foot. I observe in some London papers a statement that France and England have sent to Russia an ultimatum admitting of no ultfinatissimum. This is evidently the very thing referred to by the Siec , e, and if it be true, the conclusion is pretty clear that the fleets must very soon enter the Dardanelles, for there are small ap !warmers indeed of any eisposition on the part of Russia to quit the Princ ipalities. A telegraphic despatch states that the Chaptal has arrived at Toulon, having left Constantinople on the 23r4. The Chaptal was expected at Marseilles, but was driven into Toulon by contrary winds. M. Boubin, " Chef de la Division de la C mipta bilite" at the prefecture of the Seine, has resigned his office, not being willing to share the responsibility of that ingenious marshalling of figures by which the new prefect, M. Hausmann, as a preparation for in tended lavish expenditure, has made it appear that the city of Paris is richer by several millions than his predecessor hail been willing to suppose. Yesterday evening the comedians in ordinary to his Majesty (the title now given to the company of the Francais) played "Le Mari ala Campagno at the private theatre in the Palace of St. Cloud. The Emperor and Empress, Queen Christina, Prince Jerome, Prince Napoleon, and the Princess Mathilde, were present at this representation. The 411oniteur contains a decree authorising the Grand Central Railway Company of France to be a " Soci6te Anonyme", and approving the statutes of the com,pany. M. 11 arose, a newly appointed judge of the tribunal of Dieppe, has committed suicide by hanging himself. He was till lately Procureur Imperial at Audelys, and his spirits were greatly effected by his change of position, which he considered a disgrace. At the market for public securities, yesterday, Rentescontinued to improve in value. The Three per Cents. for cash advanced 25c., and for the ac count 40e.; the Four-and-a-Half per Cents. for cash, 15c.; and for the account 10e. Bank shares still maintain a steady upward movement, and were quoted 10f. higher. The following were the closing prices : For cash : Three per Cents., 78f. 90c.; Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 103 f. 65e. For the as : Three per Cents., 78f. 96n. ; Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 103 f. 50c. Bank Shares, 2,860 f. North ern, 876 f. 23e. • Paris and Orleans, 1,172 f. 60c. ; Paris and Strasburg, 938 f. 73e. • Paris and Lyons, 910 f. ; Paris and Rouen, 1,112 f. 30e. ; Lyons to the Mediterranean, 767 t. 30c. ; Western of France, 750 f. ; Rouen and Havre, 503 E; Bordeaux and Clete, 637 f. 30c. ; Caen and Cherbourg, 620 L WEST INDIA, MEXICAN, AND PACIFIC MAILS. The roved West India mail packet La Plata, Capt. Weller, from the West Indies, &c., arrived at South ampton yesterday morning, and landed her mails under the charge of Lieut. H. Charleton, R.N., Ad miralty agent. Her dates are—Vera Cruz, July 3; Tampico, 1 ; Havana, 11; Carthagena, 11; Jamaica, 11; Demerara, 10; Barbadoes, 12; Antigua, 14; Martinique, 13 • Grenada, 11 ; Porto Rico, 16; St. Thomas, 17; La Omura, 9 ; San Francisco, June 16 ; Melbourne (Australia), April 18. The Plata brought 93 passengers, among whom are Capt. Reid, commander R.N. of the Imam ; Lieut. Wilson, R.N. ; Capt. Studdart, Dr. Cooper, the Hon. Wm. Byham, President of the Antigua Council; and Capt. Belle ' of the French navy, f. om the Marquesas, with despatches from the French squadron, and various ports in the Pacific. The freight on board consists of 700,000 dollars from Mexico and across the Isthmus, of which 15,600 dollars are on account of Mexican dividends, also 211 morons of cochineal, 156 bales tobacco, 212 ditto bark, 66 cases cigars, 7 live turtle. The Plata hots: in eight at Southampton at about five o'clock in the morning. Sir W. Pym, Dr. Harvey, and Mr. Wiblia, surgeon, proceeded down the river to meet her, and enforce the quarantine regulations. Only one person, Mr. Parry, the sixth engineer, had died on the passage of yellow fever. Dr. Scott, the surgeon of the ship, had been ill during the homeward voyage, and Dr. Bailey, a passenger, kindly undertook his duties. A few persons were unwell when the Plata arrived at Southampton, but there had been no serious illness for some time past, and the ship obtained pratique almost immediately. She made the homeward passage ;in about thirteen days and a half. She would have done it much quicker, but some of the firemen were sickly during the voyage, and could not attend to their duties. The Parana arrived et St. Thomas from Southampton on the 17th July, all well on board. Captain Woolley who took out the Parana returned in La Plata on account of illness, and Captain Abbott took charge of the former. The second and third engineer, and the baker of the West India packet Avon, had died of yellow fever. One of the engineers who died was Mr. Eglon. They died while the Avon was on her voyage from St. Thomas to the Mexican Gulph ; struck down with the excessive heat, they were unable to rally. The heat had been fearful at St. Thomas, and was productive of much sickness, but the wind was beginning to blow there, and there were many signs of a hurricane. The yellow fever was not so virulent as it had been : it was of a milder type, and was assuming the character of an ordinary bilious fever. The yellow fever was also bad at A ntigua. Amongst the victims was Wm. Byam, Esq., barrister-at-law, the son of the President of the Council in that island. His mother and sisters are in Southampton. His father came home in the Plata to tell them the melan choly news. When the Avon was at Vera Cruz and Tampico, it was learned that Santa Anna was indefatigable in organizing a powerful army. A large number of foreign officers were engaged to assisthim. A fight had taken place between the militia and the regulars in consequence of an attempt to incorporate the former with the latter. A large amount of specie was ex pected down to the Mexican coast for the next home ward English steamer, and was to be brought away from the gulph by the Clyde steamer. A melan choly accident happened at Tampico, just before the gulph mail packet Avon reached there. It appears that her Majesty's ship Daring arrived off Tampico with despatches for the consul . A boat was sent from the ship to see if it was pos sible to cross the bar. the boat capsized, and a lieutenant, a midshipman, and S men were drowned. The first lieutenant was nearly lost in attempting to save them. The sea was terrific at Tampico at the time of the accident. Freshets to an alarming ex tent had come down, and the town was flooded. The town of Colon, alias Navy Bay, alias Aspin wall, built on the sand bank, which two or three years ago was nearly under water, is getting on well. Aspinwall is the rival of Chagres, and forms the Atlantic terminus to the Panama Railroad. A news paper has just been started at Colon, called the Aspinwall Courier. _-• - FRANCE. PARIS. SUNDAY EVENING. The famous Camden solution and three telegraphic despatches from Vienna supposed to bear upon it, are thus contemptuously disposed of by the Constitu tionnel: Here is a third despatch, and a third version, received from Vienna, of what is taking place at Constantinople: ' Vienna, Friday Morning. "News hu just been received from Constantinople an nouncing that the Ottoman government and the representa tives of the powers have accepted the project of an arrange ment proposed by M. de Bruck, according to which, the allied fleets are to retire from the Dardanelles and the Russian troops to evacuate the Principalities simultane ously." This despatch 'comes to us by the private telegraph, like the two previous despatches which we published yesterday. We might criticise the terms of it , but we thi n k it would be waits of time to do so, and for this reason, that we are enured the terms of arrangement brought by the Carideo will not be accepted either by the cabinets of Parts or Lon don, uneven, as it would appear, by the cabinet of Vienna. The other morning government organ, the Pays, has the following milk-and-water article on the same subject : The news brought by the Carideo is confirmed, although in soother form, by the despatch from Vienna. It will be observed that this despatch, the accuracy of which we must I net be understood to guarantee, gives explanatione—(very meagre these explanations) —on the subject of the 'vacua don of the Danubian Previous and the retreat of the Anglo-French fleet. We believe, in fact, that it is to this 1 point that the attention of the governments interested in the discussion will be most attentively directed. It is Data- 1 ral that the integral performance of the promises contained in M. de Nesselrode's circular relating to the occupation of the provinces should be required from Russia. It may not therefore be impossible that questions of detail or of form I may have an infieence upon the immediate conclusion of 1 this grave affair, and that powers such as Frames and England should desire such categorical and sincere explanations as may be a sure guarantee for the future. Men's minds, amongst us, have a ten dency to precipitation which should be guarded against. The question hat now for some time been put in the way of decisive negotiation, bat this negotiationneceasarily implies dificulties of rations kiods which cannot be solved so quickly as public imoatieoce would desire. Now the Conslitutionnel and the Pays, it may be well to remind you, are one and the same concern, bat in arranging the division of labour between them it seems to have been agreed that the one should pre pare the public for the possible energetic solution of the Eastern question, and the other labour to tranquil lise the Bourse, and prevent a premature panic. Thus whenever M. Clranier de Cassagnac, of the Constitutionnel, sounds the war trumpet, M. de is Ouerroniere, of the Pays, is certain either the same or the next day to play an air on the peaceful lute. This they always do without contradicting each other as to facts, for their information is the same, but they systematically argue from identical pre mises, the one with a leaning towerds the darkest, and the other the brightest bid° of the question. The conventional relative position of the twin papers is kept up in their Bourse reports, and the introductory observations to citations from foreign journals. In the present instance, while the one journal abruptly announces that the proposed arrangement brought by the Carodoc is inamissible, and the other mysteriously hints that it leaves a great many difficult points nn provided for, they are perfectly agreed in this —that nothing is settled. Thus the great fact of last week is contradicted. I continue to believe that the announcement I made a taw days since, of a resolution of the French and English cabinets to act with energy in ease the Russian army should not be withdrawn from the Prin cipalities within a very short time, was strictly accu rate. Thu article in the Sleek, containing the same in telligence, has provoked a good many sneers, because it happened that Lord Cuwley, who was represented to have communicated despatches from his govern ment to M. Drouyn de Lhuys on Wednesday lust, had not on that day returned from a hasty visit to Eng land. It has been rashly inferred from this mistake' about an unimportant fact, that the whole state ment was a fabrication. Lord Cowley was expected , at Chantilly before ho actually arrived, and it is more than probable he may have been sent for there, as the ''leek stated. But whether the despatches in JAMAICA. There were a few sporadic cases of fever among the shipping in the harbour, but the island was not particularly unhealthy. In commercial .affairs thcro was a partial tendency to speculate. DEMERMIA. Since last packet sailed, says our correspondent, we have had a continuation of rainy weather, but somewhat modified in its inclemency. The most promising hopes are now entertained of the year's crop ; the fields everywhere surpassing expectation. The general trade of the colony shows still, however, anything bat a healthy appearance. Imports of everything but provisions are steady, bat demand does not appear to keep pace with the supply. There will one of these days, no doubt, be a reactian, but it looms yet only at a distance. NICARAGUA. Grey Town appears going, says our correspon dent, to ruin fast. There is no trade and no com merce, owing to the uncertainty of the Mosquito King's right to the place. WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. The P.S. ship Bogata arrived at Panama, July 3, 33 passengers, and 140,000 dollars freight. Her dates are as follows : —Left Valparaiso the 15th June; Coquimbo, 16th ; Cipiapo, 17th ; Cobijo, 19th; Iqui qui, 19th; Arica, 20th; Pisco, 23rd; Callao, 26th; Payto, 29th. The Bogota left laying at Cobija the loran& bit of warbbligado and the Peruvian war steamer Riau and brig °ruse. The Peruvians bad taken possession of the town some days previous to the arrival of the Bogata, which was not under block ade, but imports were allowed as usual. ships Portland and Dido arrived at Callao on the 26th. AUSTRALIA. The La Plata brings intelligence from Melbourne, received via Papyrus, to the 18th of Juin : two days later than that already received. Gold way sold by auction at 31. 15a. to 31. 15s. 6d. per ounce ; good fleeces fetched 2011. per lb.; middling, 181 d. per lb. ; greasy, 1041. to 1014. per lb ; slips, 161. per lb. ; end tallow 4d. per lb. Fine &tut fetched 351. per top ; oats, 19s. to 20s. per bushel ; potatoes, 161. to 204 per ton ; bay, 371. 10s. to 381. A dog stet with horse realised, by auction on the previous day, 981. 10s ; and earthenware, 50 per cent. on invoice. THE UNITED STATES. ARRIVAL OF THE AMERICA. LIVERPOOL, SUNDRY MORNING. By the arrival, shortly after midnight, of the Canard Royal Mail steam ship America, Captain Neil Shannon, we have advicca from New York to the 19th, Boston to the 20th, and Halifax to the 22nd inst. In addition to the mails from the United States and British possessions in North America, which were brought to this country in charge of Lieutenant Boys, R.N., Admiralty agent, the Ame rica brought 123 passengers, and 528,461 dela. in specie on freight. She passed the Niagara, hence to Boston, on the morning of the 28th, and yesterday passed the screw steam ship Glasgow, from New York, bound for Glasgow. She also passed, at 4 p.m. yesterday, off Tory Island, a tug-boat, with dismasted brig in tow. The United States mail steam ship Franklin, Wotton, from Southampton, arrived at New York on the morning of the 19th ; and the Royal Mail steam ship Europa, Lang, at Halifax, on the same day. .he President and suite returned to Washington on the 16th. The fatigue of the week's labour had brought on an attack of illness on the President. The Crystal Palace shares had fallen from 140 dollars to 123 dollars in the New York Stork Market, owing, it was stated, to the disappointment felt at the limited attendance at the Palace since its opening. The Havannah correspondent of the New York Herald states: By later adviccs from Mexico, we learn that Senor Salazar maintains the incontestible right of Mexico to the Mesilla Valley, and threatens to re sign if the least concession is made to General Lane. The Trait d' Union doubts whether Mexico will en tertain any proposition for the purchase of the Me silla. The cholera continued to rage at Vera Cruz, and was on the increase. The black vomit was also making terrible ravages, and had frightened the physicians, who were unable to save more than ten out of 100 patients. The cholera was also very se vere at Jalapa. A decree regulating the organisation of the govern ment council, composed of 21 persons, had been pub lished; also one regulating the interior of the national palace. Santa Anna had taken up his residence at Tacu bays, and established telegraphic communication with the capital. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. NEW YORK, JULY 19. Money is in demand at six to seven per cent. on call loans. We note a slight decline in Erie shares to-day, also in Cumberland Coal Company, 1 ; Canton Company, 1. Crystal Palace shares decliued mom 140 (Saturday's price) to 125 to 126. The funds in the Sub• Treasury are again accumulating, amounting to-day to upwards of seven mil lions. The demand for foreign exchange for the steamer has been moderate. The following are the ruling rates : London, 1091 to 1091; Paris, 5.121 to 5.131 ; Amsterdam, 411 to 411 ; Frankfurt, 41 to 41 1-6 ; Bremen, 791 to 791 ; Hamburg, 361 to 361 ; Antwerp, 5.131 to 5.15. Corrow.—The doubt whether the peace of Europe may not be disturbed has rather increased here since the arrival of the Arabia, and has caused buyers of cotton, particularly for export, to pause in their operations—hence we have but a limited business to report during the past week. The sales, which amount to 5,000 bales, have been made chiefly to our domestic consumers. Prices are not lower, but it is impossible to proceed with quantity at the quotations an nexed, and as equally impossible to buy at any marked re duction. Both buyers and sellers appear to have made up their minds to wait the 'vault of later advices from Eng land. The trade is considered to be in a most satisfactory condition, both here and in Europe; and if the political horizon of the East was once more clear, an impetus would be given to the markets at home and abroad, the more cer tain and instant, from the check they have received during the past month. The fact that no decline has occurred here or in Liverpool, consequent on the disturbing causes, is considered on this side as conclusive evidence that the trade has an unusually good and healthy foundation. There is no new feature to report in this. We are getting well advanced into the season, and the accounts are by no means as favourable as they might be. The receipts into the ports during the past week have been 7,000 bales, against 5,000 in the some week last year. Upon :taking stock in Savannah, some 6,000 bales more were found than had been previously estimated, which is now added to the receipts at the ports, and to the stock on hand; thus swel ling the apparent receipts for the week, by the tables, to 13,000 bales, and increasing the times to 2l4,ooC4bales. Vplaod. • to P. SS SFS. Lanes. II to P. • t 9 ei Ordinary ....... 9to ft to . a moo,. ll to ni 11 :0 111 II to Hi middling tilt lll ' • IS 1 - -111 to a. 1:6 to Ili to l2j . to— 12 to nom. BZEADEITUIFB.—The flour market ha; been more buoyant at a further advance a 61c. Large purchases have been made in the Western part of the State for delivery here ; and this, with the active demand and small stuck offering, hu made holders quite firm. Toward the close, owing partly to the firmness in freight and the limited supply of desirable shipping brands, buyers showed less disposition to take hold. Sour hu been very active throughout the day, mostly at 4 dots . 621 e. The sales of State and Western add up 13,700 bushels. Southern Hoar is also firmer, with sales of 1,200 bbls. at 5 dole. 181 e. to 6 dole. 371 c. for good brands; 5 dole. 431 e. to 5 dole. 621 e. for favourite; and 6 dole. 68}c. to 7 dols, for rendes. Canadian flour is steady, with sales of 1,500 bbls. at 5 dole. 121 c. Rye flour is heavy at 3 dole. 561 e. to 3 dole. 621 c. fur fine, and 4 dole. to 4 dole. 311 c. for superfine. Corn meal is more buoyant at 3 dole. for Jersey, and 3 dole. 25e. for Bndywine. Went is in active demand, and all good samples here or to arrive are freely taken. The sales are 23,700 bushels white Ohio at 1 dol. 291 c. to 1 dol. 30c. mostly at the latter rate, to arrive ; 9,000 red Ohio at 1 dots 16c. to 1 dols. 17c. ; 6,700 white Canadian at 1 dol. 27c. ; and 5,000 Upper Lake at about 1 dol. 4c. Rye is heavy and nominal at 82e. to 83c. Oats have advanced to 42c to 44e. for good state and western. Corn is more active at firmer prices ; the sales are 42,000 bushels at 65c. to 67c. for unsound; 67c. to 6.3 e. for southern white ; 68c. to 70e. for western mixed ; 70c. to 71e. for yellow, the latter for prime lots, of which considerable sales wero made. FREIORTS.—To Liverpool 12,000bbls. of dour were en gaged at 21. ; 28.000 bushels of wheat at 6d. in bulk, and 6d. to 6ld in ship's big.. R,siu , la. 91 to Is. 10Id. To Antwerp 200 bales tobacco and 155 tons logwood, at 20s. Charters for breadstuff* have also been made for the Con tinent on private terms. OPENING OF THE NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. Our correspondent writes : NEW YORK, JuLe 16, 1853. A pleasanter day for any public festivity could not bo imagined than the 14th, the day set apart for the opening of the Crystal Palace. It threatened a severe heat in the morning, and everybody predicted an intensely melting and oppressive time ; but about ten o'clock the black clouds rolled up to shade off the sun, and a shower that lasted only half an hour caused a fresh cool breezo which made the air perfectly delightful. Of course, all the denizens of the city and their country friends from wide regions round about made a holiday of the occasion. I no participation of tau D ,iiiiuent and his cabinet in the ceremonies added a new attraction to the event. All the way from Washington, which place he left on Monday evening, the 11th, he made a kind of triumphal progress; was saluted with salvos lof cannon, with parades, speeches, and banquets. On Tuesday he was in Baltimore, on Wednesday in Philadelphia, and on Thursday more ing reached 1 New York. lie was received by a committee of the municipal authorities and the military on the battery, where there was a grand review of troops, and then a procession, up Broadway, to the Palace. The dis play was an imposing one, as it respects the military ; but the civic societies and the trades, which one would suppose far more concerned with the objects of the Exhibition than the soldiers, took no part in the corb'ye. Nor were the streets decorated, nor other devices resorted to, to give the city a festival look. It was simply a respectable and showy military pro cession. Arrived at the Crystal-palace, just one hour after the time appointed, there was some unexplained delay. Meantime, the spacious edifice had filled with exhibitors and invited guests, and presented a magnificent coup. dccil. Few of the contributions bad been arranged, but the interior of the building, with its immense dome, is really so beautiful, that exclamations of surprise and delight were upon every tongue. The music of the orchestra reverberated along the lofty aisles with impressive effect, and more brilliant collection of ladies was never seen on this side of the Atlantic. It is estimated that there were twenty thousand persons gathered around the raised platform erected in the centre for the accom modation of the commissioners and officers. Among the notable persons on the platform were Secretary Guthrie, of the Treasury ; Secretary Davis, of War; and Attorney-General Cushing ; the governors of many of the states, sevtral senators of the United States, the state officers and legislature of New York, the Mayor and Common Council, the presidents of the colleges, General Scott, and many officers of the army and navy, the rev. clergy of the city, Lady El lesmere and daughter, Lord Ellesmere being unwell at his hotel, Sir Charles Lyell and lady, Professor Wilson, Mr. Dilke, and other foreign commissioners, and a number of members of the diplomati: corps. It was remarked, however, as a singular oversight of the managers, that among the conspicuous people in vited to celebrate the triumphs of industry and art, not a single inventor or architect, or artist, or me chanic was to be seen. When all were seated, the ceremonies were begun with a prayer by the Right Reverend 1)r. Wain wright, the Protestant Episcopal bishop of the diocese of New York. The following appropriate and grace. ful anthem—it is no betrayal of confidence to say, written by William Cullen Bryant—was then sung by the Sacred Music Society with profound effect: Here, where all climes their offerings send, Here, wilt re all arts their tribute lay, Before Thy presence, Losd, wo band, And for Thy smile and blessing pray. For Thou (lost sway the tides of thought, And hold the issues in Thy hand, Of all that human toil has wrought, And all that human skill has plann'd. Thou lead'at the restless Power of Mind O'er destiny's untrodden And gutd'st him, wandering, bold but blind, To mighty ends not yet revealed. _ _ - - Mr. Sedgwick, the President of the Association by which the exposition has been managed, next delivered an address, and said : Mr. President—Amid this eonec,urse of people in this assembly of personages collected from all parts of the world, eminent in every department of human skill and genius, surrounded by the trophies of inn fleet and industry, the eye and the mind naturally, inevitably rivet themselves, sir, upon you—(applause)—upon you, the head of that politi cal system to which, under God, we owe our choicest public blessings—of that vast confederacy founded ;hy the immor tal man whose effigy stands before us and the chief execu tive power. of which have been transmitted, through a long line of illustrious statesmen, to your hands. (Renewed ap plause.) The work of impressing on this undertaking the seal of national approbation, an far as that can be done under the restriction of our form of government—and I recall the circumstance with gratitude mingled with pain— was begun by an illustrious statesman now no more —a sun, sir, of your own state. He Lad a mind large enough, and a heart broad enough, to perceive, even in its infancy, the development of which this un dertaking was capable. How much of interest his presence would have added to this occasion I need nut say. Alas! his image only is among us. Genius knows no country. The monument of Dania Webster, hewn out of French stone by English hands, rises here most appropriately to contemplate the work to which ho gave the first great im pulse. Recalling to mind the gorgeous and gigantic pageant exhibited in Hyde Park two short years ago— knowing what French genius has undertaken to establish in the capital of contineotel Europe, that centre of intellec tual life and artistic luxury, it is enough to say, that we have desired to eta something fur the art, for the architecture, for the industry of our beloved country, and that, if we shall be hereafter pronounced by competent judges to have succeeded, our dearest wishes will be answered. On some particulars, however, I may for a moment be allowed t dweil. Incomplete as our exhibition yet is, we have what are to us abundant proofs of the interest which it has excited and the results which it will accomplish. The flag of England, borne by a vessel commissioned by that royal lady who commands the respect of foreign nations as she does the affections of her own people (applause), has waved in our waters on this peaceful errand. The national vessel of France is on her way—that of Holland will almost immediately follow. Old armour from the old Tower of London, frowning here, as it did, perhaps, at Cressy or Poictiera, tapestry and porcelain from the imperial manu factories of France, porcelain and iron from the royal workshops of Prussia, are here, or actually on the water, bound hitherward, and I cannot express too strongly our sense of ,the kindness and courtesy with which our foreign agents have been received abroad, no less than our respect for that liberal and enlightened policy, in obedience to the dictates of which the sovereigns of Europe have vied with each other in sending offerings which, in other periods of the world, would have been made to crowned heads alone. (Applause.) The dwellers on the eastern shores of the At lantic are here mingled with the representatives of our own empire on the coast of the Pacific, and there are, I believe, here to-day, twenty chief magistrates of as many states of the confederacy—lights of that constellation of which you, sir, are the central star. (Applause.) Permit me then, sir, to ask you to let your voice be heard beneath our dome, and to request that you will, by words, as well as by your presence, inaugurate this exhibition of the industry of all nations. President Pierce then rose to reply, and spoke as follows : Sir,—l return you, on behalf of those of my constitu tional advisers who are with me, ani on my own ac count, my warns and cordial th anks for the reception you have been pleased to extend to um. I have come, sir, to testify the interest I feel in, and the respect I entertain for, this great Industrial Exhibition, designed and i calculated to promote all that belongs to the interests of out country. You, Mr, and the gentlemen who have been and are °dived with you, have imposed upon all of us a deep debt of sti ut eat , nu- your energy and perseverance in this great enterprise. Whaiew r shortcomin gs of which you have spoken may be, I can only reifiUlt t eat they do not appear here ; and so far as I have been able to pm ceive, they are lost in your complete and transcendent suc cess. (Loud and continued applause.) Everything around us reminds us that we live in an utilitarian age, where science, instead of being locked up for the admiration of the world, has become tributary to the arts, manufactures, agriculture. and all that goes to promote our universal prosperity. Sir, if you had achieved no other good but that which you have in bringing together in this metropolis citizens from all parts of the Union yon would have fulfilled perhaps one of the most important of missions—that of strengthening and perpetuating that blessed Union. (G rea t applause.) But you have done more, and you have nobly alluded to it. Your exhibition has been the means of brioging here, from all the civilised countries on the face of the globe, men most eminent in all the walks of life ; and thus you have done more than could be done in almost any other manner to promote that great object dear to you, dear to me, and dear to my venerable friend near me (Bishop Wainwright), peace and goodwill among men. (Applause.) I have not the voice at this time to address you at any greater length, andstonclude by again returning to you my thanks for your generous reception, and tendering my heart's best wishes for the success of your praiseworthy enterprise. (Applause.) The Hallelujah Chorus, executed by the sacred music societies, then closed the proceedings, and the vast assemblage separated. At the time I am writing, the arrangements of the contributions have not been completed, and I must therefore reserve the criticism of their comparative merits to another occasion, but I have seen and know enough of them to warrant me in expressing the highest admiration of their variety and excel lence. All the leading nations, England, France, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Turkey, with many of the more distant people, are splendidly represented. Our mother country—for such we are ever proud to call her—animated by the example of her illustrious Queen and Prince, has been profuse in the manifes tation of her sympathies. The solid wares and fabrics of her manufactories—the rich materials of her world-embracing commerce—the moro delicate specimens of her useful art., declare her supremacy in all the branches of a high industrial civilisation. France surpasses her in design, as an ornamen t a l finish, andlelium rivals many of her most sub stantial productions. Austria shows, too, that politi cal despotism is not wholly inconsistent with certain forms of industrial development ; while Italy, poor and oppressed as she is, still witnesses her ancient love for the fine arts. But no nation will come off with more honour than Turkey, whose exquisite tex tures maintain the high reputation of the cast for magnificence, delicacy, and beauty. Our own country, in this contrast, has no reason to hide her head. It cannot be denied, that in the Great Exhibition her display was by no means equal to her ambition, but this year she amply redeems her fame, and places her works without shame or fear, by the side of those who have laboured for centuries to bring their process to perfection. Even in the nicer departments of practical art. as well as in the more useful, there are eN idences of admirable skill, fino taste, and unwearied ingenuity. But there is less originality of design among us than we had hoped— less, indeed, than the almost unexampled inventive talent of the country in other respects gave us reason to expect. But the peculiarity of our physical and social pro gress is that no models of it tan be crowded into any, not even the largest, exhibition. It is too gigantic to be framed in a glass case, or made to work inside of a band-box. Could the yacht America, or Vanderbilt's steam-ship, cr the clipper-ship Flying Cloud, or a North River steam-boat, or the St. Nicholas Hotel, or the 13,000 miles of railroad be brought within the Icte ti lOver to Queen, you iku' repeatet dent of ezpressi Ey th The I all ri • 1111 Te ape in aity e salty elevat salon; To; the el inniq archi ecru(