The Express. — London, England, 1853-11-17 00:00:00

,at erprelOS. TO CORRESPONDENTS. A eat--.A teltl•wt Tait Lamm," vattablisit the ease evealoit's ~ette," la published awry Tuesday aad it.tlay melt, to wee Me prat. Athertamestalateaded for The Lappet's." Widow Events' paper. MY{ be at the Otke, 10. lioniritawirest, by Two o'cisalt IS lbw day 04 patilastion. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tau Div—Merulai, 211. Oa. . Afternoon. lb. 40. To-sioirow—Mlungsg, 3b. urn ..... AItRIDOUS. Sh. LONDON, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 17. ALLOW kNCE being made for one obvious blunder, the telegraphic news announcing that the Russian army in Wallachia was in full retreat towards the Transylvanian frontier carries probability on the face of it. l'revious despatches had put us in possession of the facts that the Turks who I bad crossed the Danube at Oltenitza had re pelled several attempts of the Russians to dis lodge them, and had increased their force to a num ber equal, or nearly equal, to that of the enemy, and that the Russian head-quarters had been advanced from Bucharest to Budcschti, about half-way to Ohs nitza. It was further reported that a somewhat strong Turkish force having been assembled between Bas- wawa and leaktchi, the Turks intended to cram the Lambe a little above Galatx, with a •iew to cut off the Itussian with Moldavia. Let us now examine the bearing of these facts end rumours upon yesterday's telegraphic news. It is to the effect that Bucharest had been set on fire in more than one quarter, that the Russians were retreat ing northward to the Transylvanian frontier, and that the pursuing Turks had already left Bucharest behind them. Oltenitzs, Budeschti, and Bucharest are all situated east of the river Argiach. A hoe drawn from the first to the last-mentioned place through the second has a direction nearly north west. In the event of a battle between the Russians and Turks, a great object with the latter would be, in their advance, to keep well to the east, both for the purpose of keeping out of the low marshy ground near the river (already flooded with the rains), and for the purpose of outflanking the enemy. The Itemises, if driven to retreat, would naturally fall back in the first instance upon Bucharest, to retain the facilities afforded by the high-road, the country in that vicinity after the commencement of the autumnal rains being almost impracticable. Arrived at Bucharest, two great lines of road would present themselves for their further retreat. One leads in a north-eut direction, and divides into two branches, —one running nearly east to the Danube and Ibrail, the other more northerly to Fokschan in Moldavia. The second road from Bucharest that would present itself to a retreating Russian force leads directly north to Cronstadt in Transyl vania. There is a third road, leading also to the Transylvanian frontier, to the east of this, but the accounts formerly received of the movements of the Russians west of Bucharest render it probable that tt was already in possession of the Turks ad vancing from Kalafat. There are two pro bable reasons why the Russians should not take the road to Moldavia: their being out flanked by the pursuing Turks and cut off from it, or their having received intelligence of the crossing of the Danube by hustle forces above °slats. It is obvious from these considerations that, assuming the Turks to have been again victorious, the line of re treat adopted by the Russians would of necessity be that attributed to them in the telegraphic despatch received yesterday from Vienna. The palpable blunder in this intelligence is the statement that fifteen thousand Turks had been despatched " through the principality of Servia" to intercept the fugitive Hussite.. This would be a most unaccountable movement. The pursuers would have to march in the first place some three or four hundred miles in a direction at right angles to that of the retreating force, and then rather more back again. The electric telegraph, however, may be allowed in its hurry to make an occasional slip of this kind, seeing that our contem poraries are in the habit of making equal or still greater blunders in their deliberate comments and summarise of news. For example, one of these erudite luminaries announced yesterday that the gar rison of Sebastopol had " marched' against the Caucasian. (" walking the waters like a thing of life," it is to be presumed); and another gravely ap pended to the news that the Turks had obtained possession of several Russian forts in Georgia and the Caucasus the most owl-like remark, " This seems decisive of the falsehood of the news that the Otto mans had suffered a defeat under the walls of Bu charest." It is not easy to extract a meaning from what hits obviously none; and yet this story of a detachment marching through Servia in pursuit of an enemy retreating upon Transylvania may have originated in some blunder of the mknager of the electric telegraph, in transmitting a statement that 13,000 men had been detached from the Turkish force advancing from Sophia (which is near the Servian frontier) upon Bucharest by Kalafat and Kralove'. This, however, is a matter of little moment; a few days at furthest will clear up all doubts. But even a " rumour " that the Russian. are retreating upon the Transylvanian—the Austrian frontier—is enough to make men ask themselves seriously, "how will Austria act, it this be baser By her professions of newrality, Austria is entitled, or allowed, to permit both Russians and Turks to enter her territory, but to insist upon their abstaining from hostilities while within it. When the army of the Faith was driven out of Spain by the Constitutionalists, the French allowed the beaten soldiers to take refuge in their territory, but disarmed every man of them as soon as he entered it, retaining the arms until they again left it. Austria, as • neutral, would not be entitled to do more in the case of a beaten Russian army crossing its frontier. It would have a right to say to the Turks, " you shall not follow these men ireo our territory and attack them there," but it would have no right to foster an armed and banded Russian force, watching an op portunity to re-cress the Turkish frontier and assail the Turks as soon as it tad been refreshed and re organised. If the Russians take refuge in Transyl vania, the Austrian Government is only entitled to afford them hospitality on the condition that tl.ey give up their arms, to be restored to them when they shall either leave the country to enter the Russian dominions, or alter they have re crossed as unarmed and unregimented individuals the Turkish frontier. We frankly admit that we enter tain a very strong suspicion that Austria may seek some equivocation or pretext to enable it to escape the performance of this its duty as a neutral. The ostentatious communication by Austria to the Germanic l)iet, at this moment. of its intention to prove the sincerity of its professed desire to remain neutral by disbanding part of its army, looks very like a preparation to plead that it has not disarmed the fugitive Russians entering Transylvania, because it had not a sufficient military funs• there to effect the disarmament. Yet the joggle would be so palpable, that the only serious anxiety arising from the direction ascribed to the Russian retreat is lest the 'finks, in the heat of pursuit, might do something to enable the Austrians to allege that the neutrality of their territory bad been violated, and thus obtain a pretext THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EYERtNG, NOVEMBER 17, 1 ' to wriggle out of their pledge to remain neutral, sod array themselves on the side of Russia: Next in importance to the question' how Austria will act, is the question, what are England and France going to do? Both have declared their determination to maintain the rights of the Turkish SULTAN ; both base declared that the retention of the Danubian Provinces by Russia would be a cases belli ; why do they viten I .t!lgilid and inert, now that the Russians have endeavoured by force of arms to retain possession of these provinces ? Is the Montenegrin game to be played over again ? In the Montenegrin war the Powers remained inactive, until it Rai clear that Oxea PACHA WY on the eve of reducing the insurgent Montene- grins ; then, and not till then, they interfered, and by their diplomatic cords tied the arms of the victorious general behind his back, and prevented him from effectively re-establishing the authority of his sovereign. Do France and England intend now also to stand idle lookers on, while Ohara PAcuA advances from victory to victory, only to interfere when the case of the Russians becomes palpably hopeless, in order to save the CZAR from the consequences of his arrogant and inqinitous aggres sions on Turkey ? France and England owe it to their own reputation,—owe it to the peace and liberties of Europe of which they alone are able to be the protectors,—to co-operate sincerely, promptly, and energetically with the Porte, not merely to drive the Russians out of Turkey, but to substitute for the defunct treaties of Kainardji, Adrianople, &c., equitable arrangements conducive to the lasting pima, freedom, and prosperity of Europe. One other remark must be here made. Bu charest is reported to have been in flames in three places. Should this prove true, there can be no doubt that the Russians will be found to have been the incendiaries. The cannon and mortars which galled the Russians at Oltenitu were those of Turtukain, which could scarcely have been moved up to Bucharest. It nowhere appears that the Turks who had crossed the river carried a besieging train of artillery along with them, nor, in the state of the weather, is it probable that they could in so few days have brought one to bear upon Bucharest. If it shall turn out that Bucharest has been fired, it will in all probability be found also that this has been a last effort of Russian spleen, while writhing under the disgrace of defeat. This, then, is the humanity, equity, piety, of the Czaa! Will he plunder, slay, and burn the unfortunate Wallachians, whose protector he called himself ? THE London and North Western 'Railway Company have, it appears, offered prises to their workmen at Wolverton and Crewe for prolloiency in mechanics and other accomplishments, to be adjudged by tko Inspectors of Schools. Surely this is to be looked upon as a decisive sign that we aro awakening to the fact that it is better to have men than machines to work for us—that the working man who knows something about the movements, and construction, and principles of the almost vital mechanism around bim, is an infinitely more useful help than the one who has little more know ledge than the metal which enters into 'the construc tion of the machines which he superintends. One thing is certain: unless the knowledge of this fact becomes generally acted upon, we may look forward at no distant period to a time when our ignorance on the subject will be attended with the most grievous effects upon the prosperity of the country. As a proof of its importance, we may state that a gentleman well qualified to pronounce an opinion on a question of this kind, and who has just returned from a tour of inspection in the United States, has declared that in some of the mills now in operation in that country there are workmen who on account of their superior intelligence, skill, and knowledge of the principles involved in their labours, and having perhaps the advantage of superior machines, areenabled to produce four times as many goods as many ordinary workmen employed in a similar manner in England. We may add that one consequence of his statements has been, that a deputation of competent persons is on the point of being sent from this country to investigate the con dition of the manufactories in the United States, —principally with reference to the education of the workmen. Every inquiry into the state of manufacturing industry shows clearly that, since the facilities of communication between various countries have been so wonderfully augmented, the superiority which any particular country is able to vindicate to itself from that source is gradually diminishing. We must not look to be made rich by our mineral ores, unless we know how to work them up better than other nations. The cotton trade has enriched England, although not a particle of cotton can we get that does not traverse a distance of three thousand miles. It is manual skill and scientific knowledge which we shall require, not 'limey to stand in the van of other nations, but even to hold our own. The working classes must be educated. This, of course, is a truism. It has been declared often and often in our own columns. Within the last few weeks there has been a public discussion carried on between some esteemed representatives of many of the parties into which the friends of education are divided. Dr. WATTS, Mr. HIN TON, Mr. SWAINS, and Mr. LovarT, have all put forward views which, however they may diverge in some respects, all coincide in the very great im portance of the subject. Nevertheless, there is one fea ture of the case which has not yet received its due portion of attention. The American artisans of whom we have spoken are,—independent of their specificqualifications,-4n educated race. The majority , of American operatives carry with them into the fac tory minds stored with the principles of the sciences 1 involved in the operations in which they will have to ' be engaged. They have had their faculties educed,—brought out in youth. They are all ready to draw conclusions from the great , mass of experiment before them. They ore not blind, unreasoning creatures. This cannot be said to apply universally to the United Kingdom. Sir ROBERT KANE, in his eloquent address on the distri bution of the prizes in Queen's College, Cork, alluded feelingly to the manner in which the educational arrangements of the new colleges were impeded by the " low state of preparation to which students were brought in the preparatory schools." Now, for " /out state of prcparutiuu" amongst the middle classes, we may write "no state of preparation" amongst the artisan civil.. The bulk of our rural and manufacturing population are seldom able or willing to grant their children the needful means of education. As soon as a child's labour becomes valuable in the field or the factory, the untaught creature is drafted off to work, and so con ,' tiuues from infancy to maturity and old age in a mill , j horse routine, without ever making any improve . ment beyond that in mere manual skill. To some very small fraction of the whole, a mechanics' insti -1 tute may afford a partial means of repairing the kiss which the want of education has occasioned. But how great will be their struggles compared With those of ; the American michunie, who begins the process of t • self-education. He has already in early lite had his , faculties tiluc.fil, brought out. He merely eJntinues a process which commenced in youth. The , Englishman in general wants rudimentary knowledge. It is this and no other cause r I which so greatly impeded the progress of Mechanics' Instituter amongst us. Those who ought to patronise such i plines have nothing to start from. While, time- foreoes bail with satisfaction the endeavours of the London and North Western Company to exciti a spirit of scientific inquiry amongst their men, we must still look for the great improvement in our working slaws to a more complete education in youth. If this an accomplished, we may look to the time when Eng land shall become the nursery of scientific workmen. Oar manufactures are taking root, not only in our colonies, but amongst foreign nations, under, in some respects, more favourable auspices than at home: but if we would not fear these offshoots as future rivals we must maintain our superiority by the better appli cation of intellect to machinery. To do this, science must no longer be the exclusive possession of the recluse student. We can never as a general rule make our working men philosophers, but we can let them take their position in the world of workers, fur nished with some of the results of philosophy. This will give them something to begin with, and the best of them will not be slow to improve upon it. Living in a more educated atmosphere, they will be more likely to make their education tell upon the materials they work with, and England may owe in the ooming days as much to the intellectual capabilities of her operatives u she has in times past to their strong arms and love of labour. THE POPE IN THE PULPIT. - ROME. Nov. 8. I On Sunday afternoon the Roman Forum pre sented a spectacle of rare interest and scenic effect, Pio None having taken a sudden resolution to hold forth to the assembled multitude, from the steps of the church of San Guiseppi dei Falegnaaii, over the Mamertine Prison, whither the ancient crucifix, which has been adored there for many centuries, had just been brought back in the midst of a splendid processional train after its fifteen days sojourn in the church of San Carlo al Corso. His Holiness was ac t companied by his court and the Cardinal Vicar, and took the text of his sermon from the parable of the sower, in the 13th chapter of Matthew, and dwelt forcibly upon the verse " But while men slept, his enemy came and sowed tares among the wheat and went his way." Without making any direct political allusions, his Holiness evidently hinted at the party dissensions represented in his mind by the tares, and the ceaseless insidiousness with which they were sown by the inimicus home ' representing, no doubt, republicanism in general; but the main tendency of his discourse was merely moral, and was delivered with eitreme energy of diction and abundance of oratorical gesticulation. Indeed the Pope's powerful voice was taxed to the utmost to convey his meaning to the immense congregation drawn together by so novel a preaching ; and as a guard of grenadiers and Swiss kept the space clam for a considerable distance round the church, only those persons who got near the front ranks were abb to appreciate the expressions as well as the gestures of his Holiness. The official paper of yesterday evening does not venture upon the substance of the Papal discourse, but merely commends it as consist ing of " efficacious and salutary words, which will be with difficulty forgotten by those who had the good fortune to hear them," a good fortune which it is to be supposed the editor of the Itoman journal did not himself obtain. Altogether his Holiness took a very gloomy view of the morals of his subjects, and told them he re gretted that they had made so little progress in spiritual reformation since he had last exhorted them to repeat from the pulpit of St. Andrea della Valle six years ago, but he trusted to obtain the Divine blessing for them, through the intercession of the apostles Peter and Paul, over whose prison he then stood. The Pope then followed the crucifix into the church, listened to the Ambrosian hymn, and re ceived the blessing of his sacristan, Monsignor Cas tellani; after which, accompaaied by the Cardinal Vicar, his suite, and the Homan municipality, and preceded by the banners of the fourteen rwni or districts of Rome, he slowly ascended the right hand road to the Capitol, turning bark once more to give his benediction to the crowd that filled the Forum below, front the Temple of Concord to that of Auto ninus and Feasting, stretching nearly as far as the arch of Titus. _ . The people, although by no mesns enthusiastic, were respectful, and the beauty of the dry, the rich ness and variety of the costumes, and above all the classic remembrances of the locality, rendered the whole scene extremely impressive. The duration of the Pope's sermon, in case less exalted preachers should feel inclined is that im portant matter to follow the example of the Supreme Pontiff, was exactly twenty-four minutes. THE RUSSIAN FLEET IN THE BALTIC. Nov. 15. By intelligence just received at this port, we learn that the Russian fleet in the Baltic had not only gone into winter (porters, but had been partially dismantled, and sharp frost having set in, would be by the present time frozen in. One division of this fleet had taken up its quarters at Crons!adt, and the other two divisions at Port Baltic, tLe latter place being rarely selected as the winter rendesvous of the fleet. Revel is its usual winter station ; but this port is very indifferently defended, whilst Port Baltic is almost unassailable, only one ship-of-war being able to approach it at a time, and that much exposed to the shot of the fortifications. For these reasons, under present circumstances, it is suggested Port Baltic has been selected as the winter quarters of the greater portion of the fleet. The Russian fleet in the Baltic sea is di vided into three divisions, each of which comprises 9 line-of-battle ships, independently of frigates and smaller vessel.. The flag-ship of each division is a threedecker, and these are the only three•deeken in the fleet. Activity in the formation of a screw steam fleet in the Baltic is not diminished, but has rather increased. Three 84 gun ships, to be fitted with the screw, have received their engines, as also two frigates; the machinery having been made in England. Another 84 gun screw ship was building at St. Petcrsburgh, and two other ships of the same armament ire on the stocks at Croustadt, " rebuild ing," the Russian dockyards having a system of pulling their ships to ; ieces after a few 'years' service, and then budding them again of, in a great measure, the old ma terials. A 52 gun screw frigate had also arrived at Cron stadt, from Archangel, to be fitted out. . _ The discharge fronithe &mien service of British sub jects in its employ bad not, to the date of the departure of the intelligence that has arrived here, been universal ; but it was so with reg►rd to all those whose terms of contrast had expired—a considerable number of persons. In no case had a contract of service been renewed. The general dis charge of all British subjects was, howev,r, expected to take place, in consequence of the present aspect of the rela tions of the two countries. HOUSEBREAKING AND SUICIDE,—On the 9th ling the house of Mr. E. Stott, a farmer, at Westholme, near Oldham, wee rubbed ; and a man named John Mills was soon afterwards apprehended on the charge, and on Saturday afternoon he banged himself in Oldham lock-up. Oo uday evening an inquest was held on the body, and a verdict of 1:lo de m returned. The coroner (Mr. Dearden) said he quite concurred in the decision, unusual as it was. He believed the last verdict of the kind he had recorded was shout seven years ago, at Rochdale. The law required that the body should be interred within twenty tour hours of the finding of the jury, and between the hours of 9 and 12 o'clock at night. The verdict having been uelivered before o'cluck, it became imperative that it should take place on that eight. He thtreforo issued his w to the police autliotities, requiring them to see to its fulfilment. A coffin. the lust that could be put together in the short time, was pro cured, and it soon became ~owed abroad, and shortly before twelve o'clock a great number of persons had assembled in the churchyard and about the house where the body ley, many seeming greatly 4: as their feelings end notions of pr.ipriety and decency were outraged. The body was removed in a cur. procured hastily, and followed by the hither and a few other relatives, a Large crowd following at a distance. There were many amoogst these best acquainted with the desperate character of the deceased, who showed no sympathy, but spoke out and said he did not deserve Christian burial. The body was interred in the lower part of the churchyard, about a quarter to 12, without any ceremony or observance whatever. At thi , mome , ,t the eit citemeut seemed so great, that it was I, sled an attempt would he made to take it up again ; hue the grave was quickly thou, auil the poliee all pats, SJ hat shortly alter 12 the whole had dispersed, and nu iLsturbancy whatever OCCllll7l.(l.—Manchesto Examiner. rue MANCIIESTER ATHENA:UM had a narrow escape frbut destruction by fire yebterday at 'oration. The fire in a large stove in the news-zoom had ignited the floor, but some boards having been torn up, the flames were fortu nately discovered is time to check their profiraea LATEST FROM ABROAD. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. TRIESTE, Nov. 18. By the Africa we have advice. from Constanti nople to the 7th inst.:- 6 1 A new project of note arrived yesterday morn ing, with instructions to the e:-;: ins sidorg Vnglerd ! And Fra n :4 10 reu , immena it to the Porte ; bat there appeals to be a decided objection on the part of the Porte to its being signed. The city is perfectly tranquil. „ Several Russian prisoners of war have arrived from Batoum, and more are expected. u The fort of Chekwetit, taken by the Turks on the 28th of October, contained 2,000 muskets, four cannon, and 1,000 men. u A small Turkish squadron is cruising in the Black Sea. _ _ _ _ " Two British and two French line-of-battle ships are lying off Therapia for the present. "No further reinforcement is. expected from the Dardanelles. a Exchange, 11. sterling, 136 piasters." VIENNA, WIDNZSDAT. We have news from Constantinople to the 7th. A new note, it is said, is pressed upon the Porte by the Powers. More prisoners have arrived from Asia. ITALY. ROME, Nov. 10. Mr. Freeborn in Rome, and Mr. Moore in Ancona, have succeeded in obtaining from the government an abrogation of the vexatious quarantine regulations lately enforced against British vessels. The Austrian commandant at Ancona would not give up the Lazzaretto, and moreover represented to the papal authorities the absurdity of supposing that the cholera could be brought by vessels forty days at see. FRANCE. PARIS, WISDNIJIDLY EVININO. Official telegraphic despatches from Vienna an nounce that the Turks have been attacked on the island between Ruschtashuk and Giurgewo. The Russians for a moment obtained possession of the island, but were immediately driven off with great loss. At Oltenitza, on the 11th, the fighting *as begun by the Russians, the Turks repulsed them, and in turn attacked the Russian entrenchments. head-quarters were, on the ith, at Budeschti, twelve miles from Oltenitza. It wu rumoured at Vienna that the Turks had crossed at Hirssowa, and had reached Slobodseja, to the number of 10,000. The only journal that comments at any length upon NL de is Onerron.iiire's article is the Union. It observes that under a regime incompatible with complete publicity of parliamentary debates, and with entire liberty of the press, the deliberately ex premed opinions of a deputy placed at the head of the two leading government newspapers are invested with considerable authority, and fix upon the writer a degree of responsibility not easy to measure. The sum of his argument, according to the Union, is in the first place to establish the failure of dipl omacy and to repudiate the doctrine of " localized war," and in the next to invite all Europe to take part in an arbitration, audit necessary to coalesce against Russia. The confession of the utter failure of the Vienna conference is cited with much unction in the words which I quoted textually yesterday. But the Union hesitates to admit that the conference can have been so grossly ignorant as M. de la Onerronniere as sumes, and in accordance with its legitimist prin ciples, attributes the impotence of the conference to the predominance of revolutionary principles in the councils of the world. On this head-the opinions of the Union are of small importance, but it is entitled to more attention when it qualifies as an extreme opinion the assumption of the government writer that it is possible to form a coali tion of all Europe against Russia. The Union evidently doubts whether it is safe to infer from the proposition that Prussia and Austria are "interested inresisting Russia, that they may be relied upon in taking part against her at the last ' extremity, and sees in M. de la Guerronniere's man ner of stating the question a general war in per spective. It concludes as follows : Suppose the suggested arbitration to fail, what awaits Europe ? In our opinion there is butane indisputable pro position in M. de la Guerronniere's whole article. It is t hia, " While Russia and Turkey give their blood, we, and others with ur, lose our prospenty, our labour, and our well being." That, in truth, is the public calamity which Europe is now reduced to suffer. In any cue, we do not think articles in the tone and form of that which we have just analysed are likely to avert the evils which menace the world. _ _ . . The Gazette de Cologne pretends that, at the sug gestion of Russia, Austria will object to the sojourn of the Hospodars Stirbey and Ghika, at Vienna, and that in consequence they will go to Paris. - The Mentor packet, which left Constantinople on the sth November, has arrived at Marseilles. The Patrie says it is positively informed that, on the 9th of November, nearly 100,000 Turkish soldiers I had crossed the Danube, and that more were con- tinually crossing. At the Bourse there his been the slight fall of 10c. is the Threes. Business is still very languid. Bank of France shares fell 25fr. It is reported that the directors will raise the rate of interest to-morrow. A Council of Ministers was held yesterday after noon at the Palace of Fontainebleau. The lifoniteur states that there will be several Cabinet Councils during the stay of their Majesties. The Moniteur also says that the fete day of the Empress was cele brated yesterday ets famslie at Fontainebleau. The Bishop of Adras said mama in thl chapel of the palace in presence of their Majesties and their court, and the persons who are staying at the palace on invite don. By decree of the Emperor, Count Eugene Dubois, who has been appointed Director-General of Rail roads, is named Councillor of State in non-activity, and M. de Calvimont, Prefect of the Dordogne, is named Maitre des Requetes of the first class, in place of Count Dubois. A meeting of about 150 British residents and visitors was held this day at Meurice's Hotel, for the purpose of testifying respect and admiration of the late Lieut. Bellot. His Excellency Lord How den pre sided, and in an eloquent speech dwelt on the great merits of the late gallant sailor. A series of appro priate resolutions were then proposed and carried unanimously. The trial of the Opera Comique conspirators was brought to a conclusion on the 15th. The judges retired, and after forty minutes' deliberation re turned. The court condeumned Folliet, Alix, and Decroix to eight years banishment; Ruault, Lux, Gerard, de Meren, !starlet, Gabrat, and Copinot, to transportation; Monchiroud to ten years' deten tion; lurenne, Matz, and Mazille, to seven years' detention ; Maillet, Denez, Jaud, Commits, and Joiron, to five years de.eutiou ; Rihault de Laugardicre to five years' imprisonment; and Follot to three years' imprisonment. " Detention," according to the French law, differs from imprisonment in being more severe, having an infamous character attached to it, and car rying with it surveillance of the police for life. The accused, on hearing their condemnation, uttered no cry. 'fhe court then rose; it was five o'clock in the morning. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. From 5,000 to 7,000 Russians have taken up a strong position on an eminence near Frattsebti (between Bucharest and Giurgewo). The Turkish forces at Oltennza consist of 17,000 regular infantry, 3,000 Bashi Bozouks, and 4,000 artillerymen, com manded by General Prim. Ismail Pacha commands 21,0 1, 0 Turks at Kalatat. The Russians have con centrated 36,000 men at Butleschti (between Bucha rest and Ottenitza), :Ind established head-quarters there. . . ..____. . A Frankfort journal states that simultaneously with the action of lsaktka and Oluergewo, the Turks, between the 27th of October and 3rd of ~. November, passed across the Danube, by way of Kalarasch, 50,000 men, who forthwith took up a posi tion on the left bank of the river. Advice, from Constantinople, of the 3rd, state that the fact of the passage of the Danube, at Kalafat, by 25,000 Turkish soldiers, and the success in Asia, where the Turks had taken the fortress of Schafkatil, had been announced to the troops in the capital. It was said that the Turks had concluded an alliance with the Mussulman tribes of Mingrelia, Imeritia, Gouriel, and the other independent tribes south of the Caucasus. Those totiaries can furnish 80,000 warriors well practised in mountain warfare. The report that the Affghans hold the Schah of Persia responsible for his friendly treatment of Turkey is confirmed on several hands. The Trieste Gazette affirms that "M. de la Cour told the Sultan that 40,000 French soldiers would be landed wherever the Sultan might be pleased to direst. Lord Stratford, on his side, declared that the English fleet would en ter the Black Sea and act on the coast with the Turkish vessels. A corps of from 15,000 to 20,000 men will be kept in readiness at Malta, to occupy Greece, if that country should attempt anything against the Porte." German letters from Constantinople affirm that the French ambassador has offered the services of General Borquet and six officers of rank to the Turkish government. Letters from St. Petersburg state that the Czar has ordered that all the crown-students at the Uni versities be sent to the army, without waiting to complete their studies. A ►not by the Hereditary Grand Dukeis maid tabs in circulation—" War is inevit able but impossible"—the impression of his highness being that the opponent of Russia must be dissolved and vanish at the first encounter ! The Vienna papers affirm positively that the Turks have passed the river at Carrasole, between Silistria and Hirsova, and occupied the island of Czernanoda. A despatch from Vienna states the loss of the Russians in the battle of Oltenitza at more than 2,000 killed and wounded, instead of 1,200 ; and another account, furnished by a military surgeon, carries it to 3,000. GERMANY. The Austrian government has declared in the Germanic Diet that the reductions made in its army were not resolved on without a careful consideration of the present situation of Europe and of the Aus trian monarchy. Austria is not disposed to take part in the strife between Russia and Turkey before her own interests are menaced. Should, however, Aus tria be required, either as a German or as a European power, to act with vigour, the occasion would not find her unprepared to put forth her strength and fulfil her duty with promptness and energy. The remainder of the communication is almost identical with the semi-official Austrian article published in yesterday's ExpreM. Vienna letters state that the representations of the Russian ambassador in that capital, have rendered the reception of Prince Stirbey, ILospodar of Walla chia, less friendly as far as the court and government is concerned, than was to have been expectt d, and the Prince has received a hint, the consequence of which will be his early departure for Pans. The retirement of Count Buol from the presidency of the Austrian administration, is again spoken of. Count Fiquelmont is this time mentioned as his pro bable successor. _ _ _ . The Vienna papers now publish articles on the Turkish question, in which the claims and conduct of Russia are discussed with unusual freedom. The Lloyd denies the forbearance for which the Czar claims credit in his manifesto, and considers it im possible that Russia could be allowed by Europe to increase its territory . at the expense of Turkey, even if she were in the right and Turkey in the wrong. The Oest. Deutsche Post considers that Russia has insulted the conservati• of Europe, and served only of revolui The 14amkrer far the cause m goes as as the French papers in denouncing the mistake of the Powers in palliating the first entrance of the Russians into Moldo-Wallachia. THE INDIA AND CHINA MAILS. ON, Nov. 17. The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steam-ship Indus, arrived here this day with the heavy portion of the India and China Mails, in charge of Lieut. Landow, R.N., Admiralty Agent. Her dates are : Alexandria, Nov. 4 ; Malta, 7 ; Gibraltar, 12. She brings fifty-four passengers. The cargo consists of-953 bales of silk, 92 cases ofsilk, 95 barrels of dates, 20 cases of dates, 33 cases tortoiseshell, 29 bales wool, 5 cases opium, 12 cases shawls, 15 cases nutmegs, 60 packages sundries. The Indus experienced head winds nearly all the way out to Malta; bad weather in the Bay of Biscay and coast of Portugal; fine weather and fair winds nearly all the way home, with smooth water. Nov. 8, passed in lat. 36.52., long. 12.45 E., her Majesty's steamer Leopard, steering to the east ward; at Malta, the Ceylon and Trident. Nov. 12, at Gibraltar, her Majesty's steamer Vesuvius; in the Straits at 1 p.m., exchanged numbers with her Ma jesty's steam-frigate Terrible, steering for Gibraltar. Nov. 4, at Alexandria, line-of-battle ship, 96 guns, two small steamers, and steam-frigate Faid Gadaar. Nov. 7, at Malta, Dutch frigate, 46 guns. Nov. 7, Valetta left Malta for Marseilles at 8 p.m. Nov. 11, in lat. 36.45 N., long. 0.55 W., exchanged night signals with the Peninsular and Oriental steam-vessel Ripon. ALARMING ACCIDENT ON THE GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY. An accident of a very alarming character occurred yesterday morning on the Great Northern Railway, about five miles south of Doncaster. The night fast goods' train, from York and Leeds, consisting of 7 trucks, an engine and tender, and break-van, left Doncaster station for London, between 12 and 1 o'clock. being only a few minutes' behind time, and had proceeded as far as Remington station, when one of the axle-trees of the fifth truck, which was laden with girders and coupling irons, suddenly snapped in two, and threw the truck across the down line of rails. At the same instant, and before any alarm could possibly be raised, the night express, which leaves London at 9.15 p.m., came up (punctually to its time) and dashed into the dislocated train at full speed, or at the rate of about 40 miles au hour. The engine of the express was capsized in a moment, the break-van next to it was partially smashed, and three of the passengers' carriages were thrown off the line. The greatest alarm and excitement prevailed amongst the passengers; but, fortunately, the injuries sustained were not so serious as theft generally resulting from such frightful accidents, or as might have been ex' petted on this occasion. A guard in, the passenger train, named Joseph Amobelina (not on duty, but proceeding to the north) received au extensive lacerated wound on the forehead, and he is now lying at lodgings at Doncaster. The engine-driver of the express had his top lip cut and his knee bruised ; three of the passengers were rather ly bruised also, and were unable to proceed on their journey until the middle of the day. The stoker of the express engine had an extremely narrow escape. lie is a man of small stature, and at the moment the collision took place his head passed under a bar projecting from the prostrated goods' waggon; had he been three inches taller, his head would have been knocked off. As soon as the accident had occurred, inturmatioa was sent by telegrsph to Doncaster, where Mr Seymour Clarke, the a eueral manager of the Great Northern iine happened to be' staying, and he, together with Mr. Sturrock, the locomotive engineer, and Mr. Lis- ter, surgeon, accompanied loy a staff of porters and work men, proceeded as soon as possible, by special train, to the scene of the accident, where every assistance was rendered to the passehger,, shaut twenty in number, who were ulti mately rot re &riled to Doncaster by the special train, and the greater part of them were despatched thence to their several destinations. The up line was cleared within sin hour or twa alter the accident, and the down line was also tree for traffic in tue course of the morning. This is the fif h accident which has occurred within a month or two on the Great Northers and Midland lines from precisely the toairie cause, viz., the breaking of sole trees—a coincidence which it is believed by competent judges to be less our to sudden fluctuations of temperature acting upon tl t, metal than to the overloading of the wag gons which these 'slimes have had to support. This explanation derive, confirmation front the fact that in all the five cases we have alluded to, the accident happened to goods waggons. Clic' Court. WINDSOR, Nov lfi. There was no addition to the royal dinner party yesterday. The Queen rode in the Home-park thi. morrio Prince Albert, attended by Colonel th e g Chalk s Orty and Lieutenant-Colonel the Hon. A. Gor , ' 43, went to London this forenoon by u special train ut So ut h. Western Railway. His Royal Hiphe...s :leo. : to Buck ingham-palace, and afterwards proceeded t 4 , he Triaity. house, and returned to the Cattle at 20 m:nutes before 6 o'clock. -.-- The Duchess and Princess Mary of Cain'ir are ex pected to-day on a visit to the Queen. Lord and Lady John Russell, Sir Charles on. Lady Wood, and the Right Hon. Edward Cardwv.. have bean invited, and are also expected this afternoon. mittee Ch fo a vi th e E a - chequer Pcom"';og Albert par A k d b e a p d at an atio l f e r r o y m iew the committee the chequer yesterday, at hie official residence m street. The deputation consisted of Lord Robei Grosvenor, M.P., TFler (chairman), Mr. S. S ,kwerbank, 1.R.5., Mr. W C. Birch, Mr. J. .1. Downes, Mr John Bar nett, Mr. John Leonard, Mr. John Reynold., M e . Jackson, Mr. Henry Spicer, Mr. Jacob Vincent, Mr. Fred. Sandoz, Mr. Thomas Dix, and Mr. James Llo).1. Lord John Russell left town yesterday afternoon., after the Cabinet Council, for Wind.or Castle, on a visit to the Queen. . _ _ A. deputation train East Cowes, consisting of the Rev. W. V. Ilennat and R. Shedden, Esq., had an interview with the General Board of Health, at their uP4ee, White hall. John Parrett, Esq., muter, N. B. Ward, h C. Griffith, Esqrs., wardens of the Apothecaries' Cum! ey, won t . panted by R. B. Upton, E.g., clerk, had a con , rence with the General Board of Health yesterday, at their itite, White. The Berl of Aberdeen gave • dinner to the Cabinet Ministers last evening, at his residence in Argil -street. Viscount Palmerston has returned to town t. a t hi s Nit. Broadlands, Hants. The for Inquiring into the state of the Corporation of the City of Liindom held a me• mg yester day at the Privy Council Office in Downing-• . rest. The commissioners present were the Right Mu. H. Labouchere, the Right lion. Sir John Patteson, and G Cornewag Lewis, Esq. Despatches from the governors of Sierra Lome and the Gold Cout, and also of the Falkland Ulu •s, were re ceived yesterday at the Colonial-office. Deep Jebel were seat yesterday to the governors of the West Imiia colonies. A cabinet council was held yesterday afternoon at the Foreign-office. The ministers pr- sent were the Earl of Aberdeen, Lord John Russel,. the Lord Chancellor, Earl Granville, the Marquis of Lana. downe, the Duke of Argyll, Viscount timerston, the Earl of Clarendon, the Duke of Neweitale, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, .ir James Graham, Sir Chitties Wood, the Right Hot. Sidney Herbert, and Sir William Molesworth. the Council I sat two hours and a half. It is reported at Sunderland that on tut' meeting of parliament Mr. Hudson will apply for tb( •tewardship of the Chiltern Hundreds, with a view to rchi.. from the 'representation of that borough. The coneery 'tires speak of Mr. Duncan Dunbar as his successor. FINSBURY PARK. DEPUTATION TO THECIIANCELLOI: OF TIIE EXCHEQUER. The Chancellor of the Exchequer yesterd.oy received • depwation of the committee for promoting 111 , formation of a park for Finsbury, at his official residence !)owning• street. The deputation was accompanied by Lord It. Grosvenor, M.P. for Middlesex, and consisted of Messrs. Bowerdank, F.A.S. ; J. J. Downes, F.R.A.S. ; W. C. Birch, Jan. Barnett, John Leonard, John Reynolds, James Jackson, Henry Spicer, Jacob Vincent, F. Sandoz, Thos. Dix, and James Lloyd, the honorary secretary. Lord ROBERT GROSVENOR introduced the subject, and, called the right hon. gentleman's attention to a letter of his own, addressed to Lord PaMurat°, in which he said he should be wiliiog to go the length which had beeu proposed by Lord J. Manners under Lord Derby's government, and by the previous ftvvvrugNerit of Lord J. Russell, viz., to assist by a governmen. grant, pro. vided the greater proportion of the money required were raised by local rates, or by some other means th.n from the Exchequer. The CUANCELLOR of the EICHEQUEU—I have no nub to recede from that letter. .1 recognise it as a pledge and u an engagement to the extent stated, viz., to make an ad vance, provided the larger proportion of the money be provided by ►ocal or other means than the Exchequer. Lord IL. Gaosysnon and several of the members of the deputation urged upon the Chancellor the necessity of giving the necessary parliamentary notices for the introduc tion of the bill in the coming session, and the right hoe, gentleman, though declining to take any steps in Met matter himself, ultimately promised to consul: Lord Pal merston on the subject, and communicate the result to Lord IL Grosvenor some time to-morrow. The deputation then withdrew. THE STRIKES IN TILE NORTH. (FROM OCR LOCAL CORRESPONDENT.) The colliers at Wigan have been fairly starved into a surrender. The interview between a body of them and the manager of one of the largest collieries on Friday was characteristic. They went and proposed to halve the difference of advance in dispute, and finding there was no hope of concession, gradually decreased their own demands to a halfpenny per ton advance. They were told even this could not be given, and then they asked when they could go to work. The answer was that it had n their own fault they ever left work—that the factories b.ing closed there was not much pressure of demand for coal, but the pits should be opened tor them on Monday or Tuesday. But it was hunger that was th.: negotiator, and the anxiety for food would not bioJk such a delay, and Saturday was named—for there was a desire to secure wages on Saturday night, if it were only a few shillings. Some of them ultimately proposed to go down into the mines there and then. The manager objected that there was not a sufficient number to make it worth while to open the pits ; but this objection was greedily removed, for a large reinforcement were discovered to M within call and, unlucky day as Friday is held to be by colliers, they did not stay to think about evil omens. They a;! descended as fast as the steam-engine would permit, and it is believed that many of them will think twice before they consent to another strike. The following is an estimate of the men and boys in the Wigan collieries who have been on strike and have now resumed work:— Haigh Colliery, Earl of Crawford's oeo Kirkler's Hall .. 416 Spring Branch, Mr. Pearson'a llb Holme Houle, Mr. H. Wood's ll4 Ince Hall lOl4 Hound House, Wright and Tqlor's ...... ..•••• 2 t 2 Moss Hall Gidlow-lane and lace Coal Company, Mr. Hail burton's Pemberton and lace 11065, Blundell and Sons 170 Winstunley, Mr. 11. Bankeis MtlFfP. A. Eccles and Sons Douglas Bank and Rose-bridge, Mr. J. A. Case's Westwood Hall 4O Standish Lower Ground ll4 " Bull Ring Blackrod; Ridgway and Co's. 4,2h4 Besides these there are still on strike about 750 colliers at the mines in Upholland, Bisphian, Walthew-iouse, Claps gate, and Standish, who it is supposed are acting upon plan of the trades delegates to take their employee in de tail, or a few at a time, to enforce the advance. Thew, it will be recollect d, were the tactics of the factory delegate's 1 1 which have been frustrated by the employers closing their mills upaa them iu various districts; and it is supposed that this plan if persisted in by the colliers will deteimile the c:,litery owners upon a similar mode of resistance. The colliery owners meet to morrow. At Darwin. on Thursday last, the operatives held meeting in the Assembly Room, to take into considerstion ; the state of affairs at Preston. Mr. John linosles k%sllt the se.retary of the Damen committee, was in the chair; ; and the room was filled almost to suffocation. The meeting I was addressed at great length by a Mrs. Fletcher of Prestos, a "rights of women" advocate, who urged that every wan should tarn as much money as would keep Lumen and family without being under the necessity ‘)I ,en.line his wife t.. tha mill. The pri:icipal speaker wai Mr. Itho.les, or who gate a general view of the 10 pet `'drat' que‘tim, arguing that the employers were well able ti else the to and expre,si am his conviction that the geni tives rJ Pri,ston would ltnng their masters to null, to 6 short taue. The amount collected last week to this tetra for the Preston operatives was 1241. its, lid. A ProPsi tion that aispenee a loom be collected oust week 616 / carried ; sad the meeting then separated. .•- - liege Ur the P brid at attended ♦ented s and sttr included othur is nietnr i now bee Seat ral and alsc oecillati screw et .North press lot London satisfaci ebinists dents 01 &c as with cc advane , p r oh:co patine gold-cr a vont mrcllio to coma deporti tiung— ter red n+,velt ucual TLe having cee,lo