The Express. — London, England, 1851-10-02 00:00:00

Vie erpreoo. TO CORRESPONDENTS. • boom! ltditios e UW' 111•6111 . b• moo oroolpeo p6blimboil orre TT.oolor aM Fridm opt, is tis• lor pot arnfit se.rU latesaid for TM Taprom . Leedom Most a . moor, moor be a tbe &MM. brmorMarom. M Too °Mock so tbr Mc of oolMosals. NIGH WATTS IT LONDON BRIDGE O.T.—Sinenig Ob. 17.• Aflrrmew. 711 L e..,,,,...e--31embe. 7k. 4111 s. Anemone, Si. 31u. LONDON, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 2. THE most important point to be considered in any new distribution of the representation is that the districts be not so allocated as to place a consider able portion of any constituency under the control of one or more of the landed magnaten, who now virtually nominvte so large a portion of the House of Com mons. This point was not sufficiently considered in 1e32, and probably the authors of the Reform Act of that year were not indisposed to overlook it, and to permit that territorial power to preponderate under the mom decent form of local influence, which had previously been exerted by direct nomination. Prac tically. most of the smaller boroughs have remained mince the Reform Act as completely nomination boroughs, which, by the division of counties, their very chance of independence has, in most instances, been annihilated. A closer analysis of particular districts than general electoral statistics furnish the means of making, will probably be useful, not only as giving precise and practical information relative to such districts, but as having a much wider application. We referred, the other day, to the manner en which the county elections fur Wiltshire were formerly managed by the territorial aristocracy, and showed that their yoke had been broken doubtless at a vast cost of toil and money, when the Reform Act, by dividing the county, giving votes to the dependant tenantry, and leaving an immense proportion of the most indepen dent and intelligent enhabitante excluded from the franchise, succeeded in riretting the fetters of the landieracy more firmly than ever about the now divided constituencies. We arc in the possession of details relating to the boroughs in that county which will enable us to give a tolerably complete view of the parliamentary representation of the county at An large. d here we may notice that Wiltshire is one of the few counties in which, according to the recent census. the population has declined, and there can be =doubt that en relative importance it has gone back considerably during the lwesent century. At one time Wiltshire was a principal, if not the principal seat of our woollen manufactures; a wool-growing dist ict, and abundantly supplied with streams and water-power, flowing out of the chalk hills which form so large a part of its central area, it naturally became, in ancient times, the place in which wool was worked up into cloth. Gradually the competi tion of the coal districts and steam engines have taken away from Wiltshire the larger part of its woollen manufactures, leaving only. Rome of the finer and more expensive fabrics, not made for the million, and uffeweling comparatively a small amount of employment for the working and manu facturing population. Still even now there is a con siderable manufacturing industry in the valley of the Avon, at Melksham, Bradford, and Trowbrage, and a few minor places not included in any borough, the population of which, if fairly enfrunehised in propor- Bon to its wealth and industry, w ou ld hav e anim portant influence on the county elections. lie the elections which is.eurred in Wiltshire from ISlre to 15211, when the contest was corn-law or no corn-law, " cheap bread or burley bannock" for the working man, the weavers of Bradford and Trow bridge more than once turned the scale in favour of the popular candidate against the territorial lando mats and high-price loving farmer. All that district is now comprehended in the northern division, and the liberal and rational manufacturing influence is now entirely swamped by the fifty-pound tenant-at will voters. A certain degree of political independ ence !AVMs invariably to accompany every sort of manufacturing industry, and to wane as such industry fulls off ; in Wiltshire the falling off of all kneels of manufactures has been constant and uni form. Within the period we have named, there also existed at Salisbury LW extensive manufacture of a species of light wonllen cloth, then used for the out door dresses of women and children, called Salisbury flannel. This is now hat, and the fabric is unknown at the present day. At Wilton, besides cloth factories, there were also several extensive carpet factories., fur making the carpets used for ordinary purviews; now the cloth making has gone, and the only carpet facture is that of Mysore. Ileacestoar., Whine splendid fabrics—for instance, the CII:ESN's dean ing-neem carpet—are so well known to the frequenter. of the Great Exhibition. Their concern, however, though extensive, is nearly confined to the finer and more expensive descriptions of goods, the Axminster, Turkey carpets, and the like, which are pure-hewed by the wealthy Amen alone: and its in fluence, so far as it could . promote the political inde pendence of the district, is more than neutralised by the dependent tenant farmers of that single pariah. !Salisbury once alas possessed a considerable manu facture of cutlery, now no longer in existence; while in common with Devizes, t'hippenham, and Marl borough, its extensive trade in the manufacture of malt has been reduced to a mom nothing. The burthen of the malt-tax. and, if local gossip he ends d, the superior vigilance of modern excise offi cers, have reduced the malting business to that re quired to supply local consumption. Besides the plat.es we leave mentioned as the pre vent seats of cloth manufactures, Caine, ehippen- Sam, Devizes, Westbury., Warminster, and Ileytes bury, once esseeessed 'large and flourishing esta blishments of the like description, which are now either lost or reduced to the lowest ebb. Wiltshire must now therefore be regarded, almost exclusively, as an agricultural county, and its repre sentation, county and borough, framed and moulded with reference to that state of things. And in that character it does not take high rank. Though there is unquestionably some good farming in the county and its farmers as a body have not been altogether uninfluenced by the advances made in modern has bandrv, its standard of cultivation is not Sheri breeding on the chalk districts, and farming in the vales, are the two main branch* d husbandry pursued. In the former districts tinny farmers arc men of considerable capital, yet they usually hold farms too large to he managed with the means they employ, in the same spirited way that the farmers of the eastern and some of the northern counties cultivate their land. Hence they feel the pressure of low prices, and are probably more earnest protectionists than their landlords and political leaders. This will, for the present, render their allegiance to the territorial magnates secure, and place them in opposition to most of the changes, financial and political, which the more liberal and intelligent part of the population desire to effect. In South M ilts, the di vision at present represented by Mr. SIDNEY HERBERT and ME. Jens BENETT, we should not be surprised, or displeased, to ace some such manifestation of yeoman spirit as lately occurred in North Hampshire, by the bringing fors'ard a tenant farmer to replace Mr. BENET''', whose age and infirmities will prevent his being again propuved. In the present state of the constituency, or indeed in the actual temper of the public mind, such an attempt must be unsuccessful, for the farmem would bring out a furious protec tionist, who would meet with no support from the liberals, while the landlords would afford no tolera tion to such an insurrection of their political serfs. As an exercise of political self-will and independence, as a step to better things on the part of the farmers, such an effort could not fail to be useful. We may I 'ate that with a population of 133,442 (in 1541) the registered electors for the southern division are no more than 4,954: a very manageable number for the existing territorial influences to controL Tit E protestant church of England presents, it must be confessed, a rather remarkable spectacle to those who consult its phenomena with a view to observe how far it is walking in the steps of the Reforma tion. A clerical Rip ran trinkte, who had fallen asleep three centuries ago in the halls of the Sor bonne, might on awaking and reading the doings of the English clergy chronicled in the chinch news papers, fancy that no material chan had taken place in the meanwhile in ecclesiastical matters, but that the worthy doctors of the church were splitting straws with scholastic tools as madly as ever. He would see the venerable disputants settling con troversies by appeals to the fathers, and the canons, and the councils. He would be delighted to webs* well the modern representatives of the ancient pole mical church were trained in the art of flinging heavy volumes of the schoolmen at each otha's heads. With the exception that these theological combatants had last the power of burning their ad versaries at the stake, and celebrating their victory by jubilant hymns bowled round the funeral pyre, he would find nothing changed. To show how true would be this deduction, let us see what is the aspect of church affairs presented in the latest published church newspaper: First and foremost COMM! HENRY of EXETER, In the guise of a combatant. His antagonist is the Archdeacon of Miontesex. The Archdeacon has come out with a new invented life-boat for the pur pose of carrying on shore those who are sinking in the waters of the baptismal controversy. Like a clever fellow as he is, he thinks he can set up a firm standing-place on the fulcrum whilst the two arms of the theological lever arc oscillating with danger ous rapidity. Alas for his self-conceit ! He is knocked clean off his perch by the burly bishop, and told to scramble up again on the terrible see-saw, with his eyes seeing double, and his brain ringing with the force of the " apostolic blows and knocks . The curious part of the business is, that the two disputants—each of them spending large incoasea derived from estates formerly belonging to the Bomish church—fight their battles with those very weapons which the protestant church has long since repudiated. Scripture is treated as of scarcely any account by both the Bishop and the Archdeacon. PETAVIUS, BASIL, CHRISTIAN CS, LUPUS, ST. GREGORY, ST. AMPHILOCLS, and last and greatest Saint, THOMAS AQUINAS, arc the pet authorities. ST. THOMAS, Or, u the Bishop in a letter calls him irreverently, ST. Thom., is the great Metal de batnalle that these spiritual antagonists are fond of bestriding. The Archdeacon quotes with de light a passage from ST. THOMAS, and the Bishop with most unclerical glee shows the Archdeacon that he had better left the quotation alone. So trans ported indeed is the prelate with his fancied victory that be cannot afford the time to compare the Archdeacon's quotation with the original, but thinking that his opponent must be wrong in asser tion as well as in logic, coolly assuming that as he cannot draw a right conclusion he will not hesitate to make a false quotation, he charges the unfortunate Archdeacon with falsifying a passage. In justice to his lordship it must be observed that he has made the anaemic honorable in a letter. The apology is curious. At p. 20, 1 say, " The archdeacon cites it (the passage from S. Thom) thus, whereas in S. Thom it is not so," &c. It is only on this day that I have discovered that you have cited the word correctly. I repeat that I am at • loss to account for my mistake; and I cannot even conceive any other cause, than that your argument seem. lag to me, whet I read it, to require !'acres, I fan cied, on memory, that this was the word used by you, and when several days afterwards, I found the passage in St. Thomas, I most carelessly, in the hurry of writing on this comparatively unimportant particular, omitted to recur, as I ought, to your text. As mere laymen we are bound to say we should have been sorry to have made the mistake or the apology. main point, however, is to draw at tention to the probable delight of our resuscitated Sorbonnist at die spectacle of two dignitaries of the reformed church s s ettling articles of faith by an ap peal to Saint Tflosiss- The next subject that claims notice is a corres pondence between ti.e London Church Union and the Bishop of LONDON. The committee of the union are "desolated," as the French have it, at the decla ration of the Archbishop on the subject of orders. They are in fear and tret.lbling lest the English church should not have the "npostolical succession." Will the Bishop of Losaioss I ,'•avc them in the lurch on this important point? Will his lordship not allow them to print a passage Own one of his own discourses, preached in 18-12, whit 'h is to the effect that— It was never thought of that there could be a church without • bishop, nor that any persims should claim authority to Tanager the word and sacraments who had not been ordained by• bishop. To this request his lordship's answer is cart and precise. His sermons arc public furls, and he re tains unchanged the opinions expressed in them." 'fhis is nuts" for the Union," who doubtless will immediately to print the opinion of the t r i ti sr ed iop in large letters, as an antidote to the per nicious opinion of th. Arohbi•Ahop. Prcluto and amok prelate pitted together! The church becoming "mi litant" within its hierarchical sanctuary! This is a tolerably good imitation for a protestant church cf the Pore at Avignon and the Pore at Rome. This is the way that the London Church Union thinks of • arriving at peace ! There are two only of the incidents which make up es current history of our church. Are they seek as CRAN M ER, and Rimer, and LATIMER, and JEWELL, would look upon as tending to edification? Have we seceded from the Itornish Communion for three hundred years, and are now taking up the worn out controversies of the church we repudiated as worthy subjects for contest, while our own church is standing still in the midst of the noblest field for exertion ever presented to any spiritual institution. While millions of children in England are unable to read the book which the church declares contains all ' things necessary for salvation, are we to be told that the hierarchy arc wearing out their souls in E t ( : xs ttAre polemics ? there no crowded neighbour filled with poverty, misery, and crime, into which these reverend disputants could enter hand in hand, and still the odium theolsgb am by a generous struggle to excel in administering relief to the afflicted? Is not active Christianity the one thing wanted? With Rome thundering at her gates—with infidelity opposing her doctrines—with public discontent expressed loudly against her mis appropriation of vast revenues—with a continually increasing population, for which she is daily becom ing more unfit and unable to supply spiritual nourish ment—can our church afford to bury herself deep in the worn-out subtleties of Peres the Lombard, and TuostAs er (Sand) Tnouss AcirriAs ? Those who think so are walking through the world blindfolded. They know nothing of the signs of the times. The church, like other institutions, must work in the spirit of the age ; and it will no more be able to stand, if its members are solicitous only of getting knowledge second-hand from the sehoolmen, than the members of the legal profession could hope to stand if they were to content themselves with the study of the Corpus Juris THE promised reply to Mr. GLADSTONE'S letters on the state prosecutions of the Neapolitan govern ment was published a few days since, at Naples. No author's name appears on the title page ;we are therefore to suppose the imprint, A'apolt, Slamperia del no, to mean by authority of the government, as the official journal announced, a few days back, Mat an official refutation of the " calumnies and Ifr011" narrated by the member for Oxford, would shortly be printed. The title of the book is ; " Bat arra deolt Errori e delle Fallarie pubblieato del Sty nor Gladstone." But it happens that Mr.GbursrONE'S letters are strictly prohibited in Naples, so that the " Errors and Misstatements" referred to must be sup plied by the imagination of the Neapolitan public, who arc to suppose one of the most distinguished members of the British House of Commons (who has printed, and put his name to what he has seen and heard) has wilfully told a series of lies, which are to be refuted by the anonymous statements of a government, whose European reputation is by no means enviable. At p. 9 it is stated, " And the statuto"(the consti tution) obtained by them (the agitators) with fraud and deceit, and bestowed in the utmost faith and loyalty by the KlNG,'lres used as a means to destroy the monarchy and social order. From whence pro ceeded the aversion of a large ma`ority of the people of the kingdom to the statute before mentioned, and the ardent, spontaneous, unanimous vote, in a thousand ways expressed, for its abolition, and return to pure monarchy." In the constitutional preface the KING says " Listening to the unitTrsal desire of our people," &e.; and again, in the royal proclama by " . tion .d by the KING. after the evCnts . of May, 1848 ; It is our firm determination to maintain the constitution of Feb. 10, which is alone compatible with the various and present wants of this part of Italy." Here we have two royal declaratins that the constitution was desired by the universal voice, and necessary for the country. The people them selves expressed their views when the constituency polled 117,000 votes, and when they celebrated the THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 2, 1851. new law by festivities in every town and village of the kingdo m .—( See Official Journal, 1848.) In addition, when the government sought to abo lish this cunstitution by getting up petitions, it is a notorious fed that they were obliged to give it up— the dishonest trick fella. As regards illegal arrests we are told—How believe that the police could arrest people without a written order, when it is the basi -1 nee of the police to observe the laws they are called lon to execute? The answer to this question is found in this very book (table 2), which confesses to 203 Illegal arrests ; that is, persons in prison at the disposition of the police!" a positive violation of the law of the land, that is, Article XXIV . of the consti tution, and a violation of the old law, which nowhere allows men to remain in prison (as is the fact) three years without trial! Pozato's case is next reviewed, as given by Mr. GLADSTONE, but one is at a loss to find any refuta tion which materially affects the member for Oxford's statements. We are told that the ex-minister was not put in irons for his constitutional opinions, or for the forged letter of Dragonetti, but for having "par ticipated" in a criminal society. In the AM di Ac cuse PUERTO is indicted l'or " endeavouring to destroy the actual form of government." Of this there is not a shadow of proof —no, not even if the existence of the Societe dell' Unita Italiana could be proved, and there is no proof of its existence as a treasonable so ciety save in the salaried imagination of the police. POERIO, it appears, is not in chains below the level of the sea, nor does he wear the red coat of a galley slave now, but he is chained in a black coat in the in firmary of the prison of Ischia. Chapter VI. treats of the " legality and humanity" used in the prosciutto of the Unita Italiana. The KING is here complimented for not having used the gallows. As well might a naturalist be compli mented for not killing a moth which he has pinned to a cork for his own ultimate purposes. Chap. VII. refers to Mr. GLADSTONE ' S second letter, with the part of Hamlet left out, probably "by particular desire." Nothing is said of the per jury of FERDINAND. The horrible catechism of im morality, as partly translated by Mr. OLsrisrose, is designated as us operetta d'ignoto autore, and it is , said "neither Mr. GLADSTONE nor ourselves are competent judges of such a book—it would require so large an amount of religious material to prosecute an examination." Now, no book can be published in Naples without the authority of the government re vision; the government is therefore responsible for this catechism; so is the church, which is also re sponsible for works treating . of "religion." Such a book may embody the religion of the ;Neapolitan go vernment—that wretched group of men who are violating every law, human and divine; but to allow this publication, as a catechism fur youth, to be taught by bishops and pastors is too revolting to bear comment. Finally, the Neapolitan review closes and sums up with Mr. GLADSTONE'S offences, which may be thus reduced. 1. For censuring the Neapolitan govern ment without proofs. 2. For having misstated the number of prisoners. 3. For supposing their con demnation was illegal. 4. For imagining the con demnations were accompanied with cruelty. Which may be coupled with the great offence of all, viz., for printing and ,putting his name to what he saw and heard. This is the real offence! Now as to the question about thenumber of political prisoners, which throughout this book is stated to be no more than 2,024 ! which statement is supported by two tables, dated June and July, 1831 . The political arrests began from May,lB4B, but the tables are headed " under trial or in prison," and dated June and July, 1831. This is positive fraud, obvious to any one. We are enabled by our Naples cor respondent to give the number of political prisoners, as extracted from the police registers, from May, 1848, op to the present tune, observing we give only the round number. (under the actual figure), because an exact quotation might subject many government officials to serious annoyance. NURSER OE NEAPOLITAN POLITICAL PRISONERS PROW TO See, 1 MAY, 184$, TO r. 851. Condemned to the Ergastulo Condemned in irons to the Bagni Condemned in irons to the Bagni, but not yet re moved from prison Banished to the islands after trial Banished to the Wends, without trial, including the soldiers sent by royal authority to the camp of Charles Albert Aceusedw;s have been, or still arc, in prison, from May, 1848, to September, 1851, not included in the above 15,000 23,136 Elsprowd noshes creative iiiduig from the police Exiled from their native towns, but still in the kingdom 350 - 3,500 Total mimber of victims of the Neapolitan con stitution FRANCE. PARIS,_ WEDwastuT Evz.vlso. A letter has been received here from Kossuth, of which I can now communicate to you the substance, although I must defer sending a copy of the original till to-morrow. Kossuth states that he had landed at Marseilles on the morning of the 25th. He went immediately to call on the prefect of the Bonehea ds-Mime, to request permission for himself, his wife, mad family to pass through France on their way . to England, alleging the weakness of health of the whole party, and their exhaustion by the suffering attendant upon extreme seasick ness. The pretest replied that ho could not under take to grant permission on his own responsibility, but that an answer might be speedily procured, even before night, by telegraph. The electric telegraph from Paris terminates at Chilons the remainder of the way is only furnished with the common serial tele graph. Hence of course the rapidity of transmission depends on the state of the weather. But as six days have elapsed without receiving any further in telligence of the ex-Governor of Hungary and his companions, the conclusion is that the government has withheld the permission applied for. In the meantime the Nourelliale of Marseilles, of the 29th, says: The H • refugees on board the Mississippi, fatigued by their voyage, have obtained permission to land, and walk is the town. Yesterday, at the moment when Kossuth we. about to re-embark, a crowd of persons assem bled on the Canebilre to see him paw, and cries of " Vire Koons* ! Vire les Hongrois ! Vire la Republique!" were raised. In the evening, the other Hungarians who had not followed Kossuth on board the American vessel, went to the Cafe Bodoul, and soon after as assemblage of some hundreds of persons collected in the Rue St. Ferriol, and is an instant the café was tilled. The foreigners were saluted with loud clapping of hands. The police soon arrived and put an end to this ovation by clearing the oak, and the Hungarians passed out by another door. Is the evening the refugees were present at the theatre but the public had the good sense to allow them to enjoy tite pleasure without any deinosistra tisa. • paragraph was inserted yesterday in the Debuts, mipmemat/p , wi.:ll the view of persuading the public sous disagreement had taken place between ' Camisdar Batthyany and Kossuth. The passage is as follows :—" Count Casimir Batthyany, separated at his request from Kossuth, is at this moment in Paris with some members of his family, leading a retired life, and having nothing more in common with the ex-dictator of Hungary . Being anxious to rift the truth of this statement, I applied to an intimate friend of Casimir Batthyany, and I am happy to say that he denied in the most distinct manner, that any rapture or misunderstanding had occurred between OMB two leading champions of the Hungariun mare. The prefects continue to apply in the provinces the vexatious interference with the private life of known republicans, which seems to form the strongest re commendation to favour at head-quarters. A shipowner at Valery-sur-Caux was about to launch a large ship, called " The Republic," and gave, according to Ins wont, a dinner to his friends upon the occa sion. But in order to secure himself against the molestation by gendarmes, which so frequently in terrupts the conviviality of even private parties, he gave the prefect notice that he should give a dinner, and sent him a list of the guests. That civil functionary immediately prohibited the dinner. In the meantime the ship-owner's friends had arrived in the town from different quarters, far and near. But when they presented themselves to their host they learned, with much chagrin, that the feast had been forbidden. They returned fasting to their hotels, and keened, to their increased dismay, that the , landlords had been ordered by the authorities to Sire them nothing to eat. It was only by virtue of apandlimion from the mayor that these unfortunate guests could be indulged at one tavern with some refreshment, under the condition of the landlord answering with his name for the good behaviour of his customers. If you should suspect the least ex aggeration in this statement I refer you to the co lumns of the Presse, in which the shipowner gives, under his name, 'Follin, all the facts ss I have related them above, together with the corres pondence between this incredible prefect and himself. The policy of the National in rejecting revision unconditionally is sharply criticised by Girardin. According to the latter, the question of the presidency is altogether subordinate to that of the law of May. If the Mountain will not vote revision on condition of the latter law being totally repealed, it is clear that the government will not propose the total repeal. Hence there will be neither abrogation of the law of May nor revision. What follows P The three mil lions of electors excluded by the present system of suffrage will, when the hour for voting comes, pre tl sent themselves at the poll. They will either con quer or be conquered. But in neither case will there be any question- of the constitution or of the pre-1 sidency. For these institutions would be swept away by a popular revolution, and, on the other hand, if the government were victorious, the state of siege, dictatorship, and the empire would follow. If, there fore, the law of May be not abrogated, the present constitution will share the fate of all the con stitutions which have preceded it. The ques tion of the presidency touches only those who arc prepared to vote revision ; and all who aro prepared unconditionally to vote against revision do but lose their time in debating the question of the presidency. Such are the views of Girardin, and they are certainly clear and instructive. The execu tive power would of course desire nothing better than a battle with the socialists, for the only ground on which it can combine the whole strength of the ma jority is that of opposition and defiance to democracy. Another alleged plot, which, but for its short ex istence, might have assumed the name of the Ger man-Toulouscian plot, has occupied the attention of the magistrates of Toulouse. A vagabond named Moerdes, who had given himself out to be one of the leaders in the revolution at Bade, and had thus ob tained some credit in the town, lately absconded, leaving a score at the Hotel Chaubart, and having (as it is supposed) stolen 2.50 fr. from a traveller. Ho was followed and arrested, and, on his return in cus-i tody, he denounced five respectable inhabitants of Toulouse, of whom four are connected with the jour nal the Emancipation, as conspirators, who had planned in his presence the escape of one of the editors of that journal, now suffering a sentence of six months' imprisonment, and also the concealment from the police of a whole demagogic arsenal of arms and ammunition. The falsity of tho charge became manifest ou the first confrontation of the informer with the accused, and they were immediately set at liberty. A French company at Martinique is about to transport into that colony 4,000 negroes from Benin and Dahomey, on the western coast of Africa, pur suant to recent treaties with the black princes of those countries. The negroes will contract to work for seven years, and will be chosen from among the most industrious and intelligent that can be found. It has been stated that M. Langlois, director of the lottery of the " Lingots d'Or," contracted with M. Savalette for the sale of the last .500,000 tickets. Yesterday M. Savulette brought an action against M. Langlois before the Tribunal of Commerce, to obtain the annulment of the contract, to get back 100,000 francs, which ho had paid as a guarantee, and to obtain 2.50,000 fr. as damages. Ile based his appli cation on the ground that the contract was that he was to have the last 500,000 tickets, and that M. Langlois by fictitious sales had made it appear that only 500,000 tickets remained, whereas the number was much greater , and he was selling them in com petition with his. M. Savalette's advocate demanded that the case should be heard forthwith; but the ad vocate of M. Langlois opposed this, and the tribunal directed that it should come on in the regular order. Several lottery tickets, sent to Paris for sale at a premium by country agents who have not paid the original price of them to the management, have been seized in the shops. It is now said that the drawing will take place at the end of this month or early in November, but after the admitted state of confusion in the accounts, this must be very uncertain. The Previte says : The communication between London and Paris by the electric telegraph of M. Brett is entirely established. Here again a chimera has become a reality, thanks to the faith of M. Brett, a faith which has traversed the ocean, and thanks to the persevering intervention of Count d'Orsay, who ob tained, a year ago, from the President of the Republic, a promise that he would substitue his own good will in place of the bad one of the bureaux. Perhaps the same success might have been reserved for M. Pain if the same interven tion had in his case been used between the President of the Republic and the Minister of the Interior. It appears that the only function of the bureaucracy in France is to do no thing, and to prevent everything. If such be its part, it certainly fulfils it in a most irreproachable manner. It will not be its fault if the sub-marine telegraph has taken its place among the list of accomplished progress, it will be that of the President of the Republic., of Count d'Orsay, and of M. Brett. _ . —A temporary building, which has been recently erected on a piece of ground near the Quai Valmy, and intended for the celebration of divine service in German for the accommodation of the numerous workmen of that nation who reside in that quarter, was inaugurated the day before . yesterday. The building, which is about 35 metres in length by 12 in breadth, is chiefly in wood, and covered with zinc, and was built by subscription. The benediction was pronounced by the Archbishop of I'aris. The Marquis and Marchioness of Normanby have left the British embassy for their country-house, at Versailles, where they propose to remain for a few weeks. A line of electric telegraph is about to place the hotel of the Minister of the Interior, Rue de farenolle, in communication with the Hotel de Ville. By e. postal arrangement between Franco and the united States, a single letter by the Collins line of steamers, from Liverpool to New York, is charged in France but VI instead of 30 sons, as heretofore. At the Bourse the Five per Cents. fell 50c., closing at 91.80 ; the Three per Cents. fell 15c., and closed at 55.90. Most of the railways fell: Versailles (left bank), fell Sfr. ; Havre, 3.75 ; Orleans and ltouen, each, 2.50. ; Strasbourg and Centre each rose, 1.25. SPAIN. MADRID, SEPT. 26. The Gazette announces that the Spanish minister at Rome has sent the Pope's bull containing the con cordat concluded between the Holy See and Spain. ITALY. ROME, Styr. 24. The concession of the railway from Itomo to An- cone, to the company represented by M. de Monelar, was to have been signed yesterday by the Pope. But this was considered merely , as an adjournment of the railway question, as of all the lines proposed that of Ancona is the least productive. PIEDMONT. Our correspondent, writing from Alexandria, on the 27th Sept., states that King Victor Emanuel bad arrived at that fortress on the preceding morn.' ing, and had commenced a series of military man ' auvres with fifteen or sixteen thousand men nn the plains of Marengo. The Duke of Genoa had the supreme command. A good deal of irri tation was prevalent among the Pietlmontese, on account of the insulting language with which the Milanese official Ginette had announced the readiness of the Austrian army to take the field The sham fight of the second day (27th) was deferred on account of the unfavourable state of the weather. It is untrue that an Austrian general was present at the evolutions at Marengo, and equally unfounded that a Piedmentese general had been sent to the Austrian camp. The King was about to in spect the line of railway now constructing between Arquata and Genoa. The Akhbar of Algiers gives an account of a san guinary catastrophe which has taken place at One rare, in the central Sahara of Africa. The town was occupied by the tribes of the Oulad Balat and the Onlad Alahoum. They had a quarrel, and many of the latter tribe were driven away. They came to an' understanding with the Arabs of the lklkbalif el Diereub, Oulad Yahia, Chaamba, &c., who are ene mies of the Oulad Alahoum, and marched with them in two bodies on the town. One made a pretended attack on the town, for the purpose of drawing out the active population ; the other penetrated into the place, and massacred every one they met. GERMANY. PRUSSIA. M. de Recke, director of the department of com merce at Berlin, has just left that capital for Hanover, charged to conclude the treaty between Prussia and Hanover, relative to the continuation of the Western Hanoverian Railway as far as Munster, from whence it will be afterwards prolonged to unite with that already existing between Cologne and Minden. AU the bases of this treaty hove been agreed upon. The line which it is intended to con struct will be of immense importance to the province of Eastern Friesland, in Hanover, as it will facilitate the communications of that great and fertile country with all the rest of Germany. BERLIN, SEPT. 29. The official papers of this evening announce the death of CharlesTrederic, Prince of Prussia, the youngest eon of Frederick William 11., the brother of Frederick William 111. and uncle to the present King. Ile was born in July, 1783, and was held at the baptismal font by Fre derick the Great. He had a stroke of apoplexy in the spring, but had apparently recovered, when another stroke, at 11 o'clock last night, carried him suddenly off, whilst he was preparing for a tour in Italy. He leaves behind him one son, Prince Adelbert, and two daughters, the Princess Elizabeth, married to the Elector of Hesse, and the Princess Maria, Queen of Bavaria. A court mourning, of a month's duration, has been ordered. HAMBURG. The congress of the Gustav-Adolph Verein, or German Lutheran Association, held lately at Ham burg, has terminated with the adoption of a resolu tion to made a public and general appeal to Germany for a subscription in support of the religion, as founded by the immortal Luther, as well as for increasing the numrer of missionaries, and spreading the Bible about amongst the German people. AUSTRIAN INCORPORATION WITH GER MANY. In reply to the protests of France and England against the entrance of Austria with all her states into the German confederation, the Diet of Frankfurt invoked a previous resolution of the old Diet, which had declined the intervention of France and England in the affairs of the confederation, when the free city of Frankfurt was occupied by Austrian and Prussian troops in 1834. The Journal do Frankfurt publishes the two communications addressed by M. de Tallenay, French Minister at Frankfort, to Count Thun, presi dent of the Diet, in answer to the declaration of the Diet. These arc dated July 19 and Aug. 14. To these communications the Net returned no answer, as in 1834. --- They are as follows : Monsieur le Comte,—l have received the note with the two documents annexed, which your excellency did me the honour to address to me on the 17th of this month. I send them to M. Baroche, whose province it is to appreciate their importance with regard to the French republic. 1 cannot, however avoid observing to your excellency that the High Diet, in referring to an act of another epoch, seems to have lost sight of the difibrence of times and of things, the then French government not having moreover thought tit to accept as regular in its form and tenor the resolution com municated through the medium of oat of my predeces sors. I avail myself, &c. Monsieur le Comte,—As I informed your excelleeey in ' my letter of July 19, I transmitted to my government the note which your excellency had done me the honour to transmit to me on the pith, in consequence of my com munication of the 9111, relative to the project for the incor poration of the non-German provinces of Austria with the federal territory. I have just received directions to reply to that note by the following communication: The government of the republic cannot but observe with extreme surprise the reproduction, in the name of die Diet, of those arguments to which recourse was had 17 years ago, to contest the right of the powers who were parties to the genera! treaty of Vicuna to interfere in a case in which they should judge that the independence of one of the German states stipulated by that treaty was violated. These arguments had then been the object of a peremptory refutation on the part of the cabinets of Paris and London, to which refutation no reply had been made ; and when, in 1847, Austria and Prussia energetically protested against the act by which the Swiss confederation appeared to them to be attempting to infringe the inde pendence of some of the cantons, it was to be supposed that those two powers had recognised the little justice of the too absolute principles proclaimed by them some years be fore. This supposition was the more legitimate because the federal pact of Switzerland not being : like that of Ger many, an integral part of the treaty of ienna, the right of foreign governments to interpose in the deliberations of the cantons, was contrary to this point of view, more contesta ble than that of which France and England had thought fit to avail themselves with regard to the Germanic confe deration. Admitting,:even,:that the doctrines invoked by the Diet of 1811 were as 'well as they arc in reality ill founded, it is evident that they do not apply to the present question. In fact, were it to be admitted that a confederation of sovereign states is, in what concerns the relations of its members with each other, invested with as complete a power of making laws for themselves as belongs, in the nature of things, to a unitary state, or even to a state federal only as to its internal government,:it would certainly not follow that this confederation could modify its relations with foreign governments by its sole authority, and without those go vernments having a right to protest. Europe, by the first treaty of Paris, and by the general treaty of Vienna, recognised the existence of the Germanic confederation within defined territorial limits. By the effect of that recognition, every one of the federal states is placed, by the consent of the European powers, under the protection of the whole confederation, which is thus author ised to interfere in any differences of its members with a foreign power, when those differences assume a certain de gree of importance. It will hardly be pretended that the powers could see such a state extended to new territories, with indifference,and if such an extension should have taken place without their consent, they would certainly have the right not to admit the consequences, as, for example, the right to repudiate the intervention of the confederation in their disputes with the possessors of those territories. 'f he chances of conflict would then be multiplied, the political organisation of a considerable part of Europe would no longer rest upon bases universally recognised, and the law of nations, established by treaties, would have received a, perhaps, irreparable wound. It would be superfluous to enlarge upon a question which would lead to long developments, the project which has placed the government of the republic under the necessity of objecting to it appearing to be one which ought not to have been submitted to the Diet. . _ . It is far from the thought of the French government to wish to prolong an inopportune controversy. It suffices to have established in the first place that France does not re cognise now, any more than in 1834, the principles then enunciated by the Diet, and in the next, and even if those principles were conformable to law, they would not be applicable to the important affair which has furnished the Diet with en opportunity for again proclaiming them. I avail myself, &c. Lord Cowley presented on the 18th of July, the following note to the President of the Germanic Diet, on the subject of the incorporation of Austrian non-German states into the confederation : The undersigned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, by the German confederation, has received the note and appendices which his Excellency Count Thuu, president of the Germanic Diet, did him the honour to forward under slate the lith of this month. . . _ The undersigned will use no delay in forwarding this document to her Majesty's first secretary of state for foreign affaini. However, the undersigned cannot receive the copy of a document addressed to the British legation in 11431, by the envoy then presiding at the Germanic Diet, and the repro duction of which inters on the present,occasion an authority inherent in the resolutions of that assembly, which is in compatible with the rights and customs of the righta of nations, without at the same time reminding Count Thun of the answer then made by the legation to the document in question, in the name of her Majesty's government. To that effect he seises this opportunity of sending him • copy of the document referred to. BELGIUM. Tho municipal council of Brussels, in its last sit ting, adopted a proposition, by 17 votes to 10, for re ducing the octrm duty on coals from 4fr. to 21r. the 1,000 kilogrammes. LATEST FROM AMERICA. [By Electric Telegraph.) SOUTHAMPTON. THURSDAY, 10 A.M. The Franklin has just arrived off Cowes, on her way to Ilavre. She left New York on Sept. 20. She brings news of a fire at Sacramento, by which property to the amount of 30,000 dole. was destroyed. The Chilian government had advertised for a loan of three hundred thousand dollars, to complete the public stores. Valparaiso has been visited since the Bth July by a succession of storms, doing great injury to property. The Whigs of California confidently calculate on carrying the state on the next election. The Indians were still committing depredations. Gold has been discovered a few miles south of San Diego. COMMERCIAL . NEW YOD.K, FRIDAY, SZPI. 19. Maley MAIMET.—The stock market was very unsettled. Prices were feverish, and fluctuated considerably. The news from California was brought by the Illi nois. The gold on board the 'ilium, tegether with that on board tho Brother Jonathan, amounts to two mil lions. The Franklin had on board 800,000 dollars worth of I apecic for England and France INDIA. THE OVERLAND MAIL. By special despatch we have met ived letters ara papers from India in anticipation of tiu 011.14111 mail. The dates are: Bombay, Sept. 1; Calcutzi, Aug. 19. Our Bombay correspondent writes as follows: BOMBAY, SEPT. 1. Seldom has a mail left our shores during times (.1 peace conveying tidings of the death of so inanv parties who have shared in the attention of the public as does that which this day takes its depar ture. In my last, ri , 2 Madras, I mentioned tho death of General Battine, of the Bengal army; I now have to announce that of the Hon. M. Bethune, law member of the Supreme Council of Calcutta, which occured in that city on the 13th ult. He had been long ill, and had resigned his seat at the council board with the view of proceeding home; alas, he had remained too long in India, and wai destined by fate to rest his bones in the temporary land of his adoption. He was one of the must bene volent of men, and his efforts for the promotion of education amongst the females of India have rendered his name immortal in India. He was never looked on as a lawyer,and many of the acts of the Legislativ; Council drawn up by him havcbeen scouted and jeered from one end of India to the other, more especially that for making Europeans amenable before %fusel courts. A fund has been raised for the purpose of endowing the female school he brought into existence at Calcutta, to which Sir: L. Peel gave 100 k, promised a further contribution of Jul. a year if re quired. The death of Yar Mahomed, the celebrated r of Herat, is reported to have occurred on the lilt June last. He was one of the most intriguing princes in Asia. Everybody must remember hita during the few years which preceded our occupation of Affghanistan. Ile always ma naged to keep on the friendliest terms with us, and more than one mission was sent to his court from India. The ex-Dcwun Mooiraj of Mooltan has also paid the debt of nature ; be di, d on the 11th instant on his voyage down the riser from Fort William to Allaliabad, to which latter place he had been directed to be conveyed for safety—a plot for his liberation from the former place having been detected in time to prevent MlS chief arising from it. Thou,lli rather of a timid na ture himself, he managed to batik our troops for a long time before Mooltan. He never but once ap peared at the head of his army against us, and then took to flight lung before his men. The death of Captain I. C. Hawkins, the senior officer of the In dian navy present in India, who met his death by the overturning ofhis enrriele about one o'clock on the morning of the 20th instaut, near the Apollo Gate when on his way home front government house, cast a gloom over the society of Bombay. Just twenty years ago, the late Captain Hawkins was tried in the Supreme Court, for what think you ?—for piracy. Ay, for piracy, in that he had by kind words and treatment enticed a number of African lads on board his ship the IL C. sloop Clive, where they were treated as Britons, and were being trained us seamen—a trade by which they could always have gained their bread, after their apprenticeship should have been out. The judge of the Supreme Court, Sir John Awdry, sen tenced him to seven years transportation to Aus tralia ; but a memorial, subscribed by a great num ber of the inhabitants and others of Bombay, was sent home, and his Majesty was graciously pleased to pardon him; there evidently was no intention on Captain Ilawkins's part to deal in human flesh ; he wanted seamen, and he thought lie might easily train up African Siddee lads to the sea, out of whom more good might be got than out of old hardened European seamen. The day before Captain Haw , kius's death, Assistant-Surgeon T. Ballantine was carried to the grave. Poor fellow ! he had come down by the first steamer from Surat, thinking to get away home, but disease had laid too firm a hold, and he died the day after reaching Bombay. Then we have the demise of Mr. C. G. Prendergast, Bom bay Civil Service, announced. Two young gentle men of the 14th Madras Native Infantry (Lieute nants Kensington and Stannus) were drowned on the river at Kulladghee, by the sudden upsetting of their pleasure boat. Two or three others narrowly escaped a watery grave at the same time. Besides these, several other members of the services have been cut WE—Mr. Lang, a banister at Calcutta, lately editor and proprietor of tho 31Vussilite, was tried for libeli n the Calcutta Supremo Court on the 20th ult. The plaintiff was one Colonel Mactier, whom Mr. Lang had characterised us a coward in an account of his speech in defence of Latin Pershaud, published in the Meerut paper, but, which had not been uttered by him in the court by which Mee was tried, the libel having been inserted afterwards, when the speech was being prepared for publication. Mr. Lang was pronounced guilty by the jury: he gave notice of a motion in arrest of judgment, which was to be heard on the '_:3rd ult.— It is rumoured that another cold weather campaign against the mountaineers around Peshawar Is in contemplation, for the purpose of chastising them, us they invariably manage somehow or other to annoy us during the hot weather under the know ledge of our helplessness at that season of the year. Sir W. Gomm is about to proceed to Lahore and Peshawar, on a tour of inspection. His Honour, the Lieutenant-Governor of the North-west pro vinces, is also bound for the capital of the l'unjaub, his object for so doing being as vet a mystery. The Maharajah, Goolaub Singh, of Cashmere, has ken very successful in his operations against the rebels, who have shut themselves up in the fort of Cholas ; he had carried his approaches so near as to have cut off the supply of water, and it was expected the garrison would speedily surrender the place into his hands. A large amount of sickness prevailed at Peshawar and Lahore. The town and canton.. ments at Mooltan, as also Lela, bad been inundated by the sudden overflowing of the river. Upper Scinde was a complete swamp; in middle Sonde dozens of villages had been destroyed, s"1 many lives lost; and at Kurrachee half the houses t., eta,. cantonments and native town had been washru down by the rain, nearly twenty-five inches having fallen in the course of a fortnight. Such a fall had never before been known ; and it seemed to hove been general throughout the country, and all along the line of the Indus as fur up as hlooltan and Leta. The Right llonourable the Governor and the Commander-in-Chief of Bom bay returned to the presidency on the 19th and 22ad ult. Despatches of importance relating to Aden affairs were expected from home, and it was at ono time thought probable that au expedition would require to be sent up to Lahedge, to clear the coun try adjoining Aden of the nests of vagabonds lurking about ready to pounce on any booty which might full in their way, and who had so barbarously murdered Captain Blylne and a few seamen. Even now it is not at all improbable there will be an expedition, though the authorities wish to keep it as secret as possible. It was at first reported, that one European and one native corps, 2,000 men in all, with a light field battery and ao irregular horseman, were to constitute the light field force for operations in the Lahedge territory ; two steam frigates keeping along the shore within call of the troops. Both tho Governor and Commander-in-Chief return, it is believed, to Poona immediately after next mail arrives—this being expected about the 3rd or 4th. The subjoined are extracts from the Bombay Times Overland Summary of this morning: Amongst the candidates for the important post of Fourth Ordinary Member of the Supremo Court, become vacant by the death of the Hon. J. E. D. Bethune, we see the names of Sir Erslune Perry, Chief Justice of Bom bay, and Sir J. W. Colvile, one of the Puisnc Justices of the Supreme Court at Calcutta. The former is well known to the profession and the public as a law reformer of the right school. Ile is a sound practical lawyer, and in every respect a man of distinguished ability; besides which advantages, he has had ten years' experience of this country, and thoroughly understands the native character. The appointment of Sir Erskine Perry to the office would meet with approval at all hands, and by none more so than the natives of India, with whom he is deser vedly very popular. In the event of his succeeding to this post, we trust that ministers will not overlook the claims of Mr. A. 8. Le Mesaurier, the Advocate-General at this Presi dency, to a seat on the bench. This has long been due to his abilities and experience, and we trust that no party feelings will interpose to prevent Mr. Le Mew:tier obtaining the post of honour to which he is so justly entitled.—ln the leanly part of last month rumours w;.•re rife at the presidency of an expedition being in prepa ration, which it was intended by government should be des patched in October to Lahedge near Aden, for the purpose of chastising the audacity of the Arab* in that quarter, who