The Express. — London, England, 1847-11-09 00:00:00

pi per out. for the capital invested in this mortgaged stock ; ML we do me t c ontemplate • state of business where *stratum will form any temptation to capitalists. They wo uld also have the interest accruing from the average obtaio in the ameanteoareo a o t f h t e ircu ir b. lation that their notes may ONO. A beak of issue, however, never many circulates to the amount fixed by law. It must &l imp have • stock of notes at its different offices for the aronmetion of business ; end under a sound system of bank *, it becomes the interest of every man to increase this & u mbering stock of notes. The supposition, therefore, that whets would always have in circulation, and yielding inte rmit, a sum of money equal to tlii it fixed issue, is erroneous. SO, as some expense must be connected with the establish jest of government offices to conduct this business, or with emextrenion of the staff is the present stamp offices, to in - ands the requisite and additional operations, there is no pod by wbicb it could be more fairly met than the profit Laing (coin the paper circulation. That might be ems by an individual tax on each note stamped by the government office, as has been previously the case ; and as oath note would require to bear very apparently • govern ment stamp as the guarantee for its val.dity, this mode of ri ming a revenue to meet the necessary expense seems least objectionable. A general tax of one or one and a third per feat. might be taken from the dividends accruing on the o rarh lodged against the notes issued ; and that plan bos also the advantage of simplicity. On its adoption, books of issue would require power to withdraw put of their mortgaged stock, by lodging an e quivalent amount of their notes to be cancelled. The common objection, that we should be inundated with gaper money—that we should have over-issues, consequent air Minion, destruction o(credit, of confidence, accompanied by periodicel panics and crashes—may be made to this plan In England, but will scarcely be repeated in Scotland, where the guarantees against an over-issue have long and effectively :checked the disease, or even in Ireland, where their operation is practically known. In Scotland interest is allowed on current accounts ; and no man, therefore, who has an account with a banker, re tains money in his poeussion. There can be no doubt that the circulating medulla of England is—gold being in cluded—twenty-fold the currency of Scotland, for five time. the population, who do not transact a propor tionately much larger business than that of Scotland. A five-pound note in Scotland does four times the work of in English contemporary. Notes, however, thus rapidly paid into the office where the holder transacts his business, are not largely those of that office. They are composed in average quantities of the general currency ; and thus tankers have • mutual exchange of their notes, paying the Induces in bullion. The tendency to over-issue is thus effec tively checked by the knowledge that, within three days, the "promises to pay" will be returned. This currency must be convertible in bullion. There is a standard of money value, and we do not require it changed. The paper cur rency tan still be held convertible into sovereigns at the pris ing weight. This convertibility, as an absolute badness extending to the whole circulation, however, as has been already stated, is, in any case, a fiztion. No man really imagines that the currency is convertible. It anew be supposed that all the paper in the country could be psid in gold. The existence of this ability is, indeed, abso lutely unni cessary. Public confidence is the great requisite for an internal currency. Public confidence is possessed by the Snitch banks pre-eminently, and will ultimately be ac corded to all banks governed on the same principles, and toeducted with equal prudence. Until very recently, little or no gold has been demanded for notes in this couotry. The gold required has been for exportation, and we have lad no run upon the banks for internal purposes, until within a few days in some localities of England. Convertibility, therefore, really means public confidence that, when required, the one-pound note will bring twenty ,▪ s • with a strong conviction that the change will be required, except in small quantities. Bank, ri, therefore, fur internal purposes, do not require a large stock of coin. A stork of bullion is squired, however, some where to balance foreign exchanges. There is no proba bility that our outward business can ever present • fair ac count. There will be • balance on some side of the pap, r, end it must be squared off. We must, therefore, have a stock of bullion, and it has been assumed that this stock should be kept by some large bank, at present by the Bank of England. We see no sound reason for that assumption. Some parties have pro pad that the government should buy all the railways, and trade in that way. It is, at least, more consistent with the functions of government that the Mint department shooed hare the custody of coin and bullion. We ao not stop to examine here the arrangements necessary for the commencement of this system, because they are evidently matters of detail ; but when the government has come into the position of the Bank of England, as the bullion keeper of the country, the subsequent working tray require to be explained, and that can be done in • few sentences. There is at present a fixed price of gold ; and as an inter nal standarl of value, it may be advantageous, although a fixed price of any commodity appears inconsistent with prin ciples very generally held. This fixed price, however, is • positive loss often in our transactions with foreign coun tries. Meech ants have frequently exported gold not to balance exchanges, but se a commodity yielding a profit. The government, therefore, should be empowered to sell coin to those who want it for its average value in foreign markets ; or, what comes nearly to the same result, be em powered to charge • commiseion on coin required from them. The principle on which the bullionista justify the sus pended law is, that when the exchanges go against us by any cause, such as the recent large !lurching of corn, the bill operates to return gold by reducing the price of commodi ties, thus forcing them upon foreign markets, and re storing the equanimity of the exchanges. Tae operation is extremely expensive. It reduces not merely the value of geode exported or stocks sold in a foreign country, but all other goods and stock whatever. We prefer to throw out the inducement in another direction. Under the system of currency we propose, there would not be large quantities of coin in the vaults of bankers. When, there fore, a merchant required gold for the purposes of expert, he would draw on his banker for the sum in bullion. The latter would have to cancel notes to that amoutt in order to obtain gold; or deposit his notes with the government office, to cover the advance he required, at the price of gold in the average of foreign countries, if that were higher than our standard ; or at our standard, if it were lower. This opera tion would not narrow the circulation, because if bankers found their issues shortened too much by the transaction, they could increase them by far ther purchases of stock. The price of stocks gene rally and indirectly of goods and produce would be partially maintained; while the export of bullion would be so far discouraged as could be consistent with prudence, and thus far inducements would be given to make payment in goods of debts to foreign countries. We could conceive the possibility of the government officers being nearly run out of bullion. It is not a likely circumstance, but it might occur. In that use, they would require to buy wherever it could be found ; to incur loos in the purchase; and thus to raise the price abroad, and necessarily at home, so as to accomplish their object in getting the exchanges balanced by goods in stead of gold. The nation would lose something by the transaction in this scarcely possible case, but better that it should lose five Of ten per cent. on the sum required, four or five millions, dun, as during the recent crisis, eighteen to fifty per cent. ilk all stock, share., and produce, reducing wages, anni hilating profits, stopping works, and causing a social revolu tion for the benefit of a few capitalists. We are approaching the period when a change in the car reney laws will be made, and whatever may be the system adopted, the principle of freedom of trade in money, as in other matters, must be vindicated.— Tot's Magazine. IRELAND. Dinsuic, Nov. 7. A very unprejudiced authority, the Limerick and Clare Examiner, describes the condition of these counties as violent to the verge of demoniacal frenzy. When a popular journal is forced to such a denuncia tion, and to include the population of two counties in its indignant censures, we may be sure that, bad as the outward aspect of things may be, what lurks within is far more vicious and deadly Surely I ,rioye the Emottner) mme infuriation has mined on the pea. sentry of Clare and Limerick. They muet be growing mad. Their mete are not the octet of men endowed with rationality ; their enema are, we lament to my, Meek and bad enough for savages or de mons. Murder accursed of Meaven—murder most fool—murder that semi , ;l7a; Toil - 7serse — surssesase o o3c . es;;;; . 7; offended Goff sad the esame at men. madam our WM, end deeps it Is dlernee rd sy. At sossofq bleed Is 'paled ; at airs /rods *trim per insuLlslks worm skew and roh. bum sad terrifying the poseehle. MY math elm you the he quented hielmray; eNrem* lb ran only rim k le Fraser by arms sound eapilies The *ski slur et slot Melly ow owes oiler sundown hi seme MIAS ; srl seism re trawler r be joueneye on is .net, me, ether mak toy pertheai leak sue: victims to punish or snide._ ffhis mam, Os famenetr sad the anger of the while prlealleel nte ; erred an liernasire, eloqunt, and lob os roe by to the rural audiences lov our good fampres by dos framed wretcbes whose trade m murder, ~sr, and asereten. Far kw they care nothing •they dare its 'fb provoke the wrath of God ; thee incur the = .l 7= equal indifference. It will be interest's' gr teats scientific world to know the result of a search in the chambers of the late Professor M'Cullagh. A few days after the removal of the body, a committee of inquiry, with the appro bation of his relatives, proceeded to the study of the deceased philosopher, prepared for discoveries of in estimable value. After the most minute investigation they found—not a single sheet or scrap of paper of any kind, with the exception of a few lines, the com mencement of a paper on light, and some formulas on a elate, on which he worked out habitually the results of his study before transferring them to paper. This unexpected consequence startled, as well it might, the gentlemen whose hopes had pre viously been so buoyed up with the importance of the documents which were to be held out to the admiring world of science. Not a solitary fragment of all the profeasor's labours,—the acquisitions of twenty years of genius, reflection, and toil,—was to be found. This was the more remarkable since before his removal to the chambers in which the suicide had been com mitted he was known to have possessed piles of MSS., containing matter for many volumes of print, and which he was wont to show to his intimate friends as the fruit of his long watching. They were arranged by years—that is, a separate pile of large foolscap contained the product of each year's work. Of these there were about fourteen or sixteen. Some of the papers had already been published in the trans actions of the academy, and, I believe, the Edinburgh Journal of Science, but by far the greater portion had 0 foolscap contained the product of each year's work. of pig-iron. AS menuonea, uie lowest sentence wee "r . 71 0 ..eo PF red'i c ii" "jon'''lr m e(res7a e74;21 . ) hrlou7s7l7 znan '"'. — o7,'h;:r." lie." — drtro m y:e'r s ' " "T: srie o h7l7 Y irtheid Zrned ' the . ' iltazt "" Zo ' iter re o tu taa . Tee ng raeri, an in d e th n e;:o ures oer:WeZ t w 117 ,,' i:71 ""` 1171 "' th 11° ? ri 6114* k )Y ' Of these there were about fourteen or sixteen. Some seven years, the highest ten—the severity arising 7 e. holt:ag e ' nasin ben nl eath the temple Y of deceased. He asked the ravages of the brute proceeded during an entire ig month, immediately apprehended at utegateway of the uastle-garden, j. C ie. i ll i t i oTi.‘ ; mi. of the papers had already been published in the trans- from previous . couviction, sad indicating on the part who had been bleeding him, and was told, " Dr. St. that the " country-side" literally " rose in arms " against and after great resistance were safely lodged in the station- A my ? t er re r a i ga r Oldroison, to Yuen. actions of the academy, and, I believe, the Edinburgh of the authorities a persuasion that the parties sYs- Pierre," who was then up in the garret. The " doctor " him. Nearly a hundred sheep had he torn the throats of, house. The magistrates, who viewed it u a most outrageous cu. segment ' :G. Th eme, to Sidon ; JAL Kauai ass Journal of Science, but by far the greater portion had tematically lived by plunder. shortly afterwards came down, and said he knew it woo an- and though seen now and then at a distance, he never would assault, observing there was nothing that could be offered in C. A. Bydder, et= never passed beyond his study. All these have perished. He destroyed them as he did his life, with his own hands! When or under what circumstances this destruction took place is wholly unknown. His servant has been questioned as to whether at any period she had observed in the grates of his chambers the ashy refuse of a large quantity of paper, which could not fail to attract her attention ; but she bad no recollection of the fact, and remarked, on the contrary, that he was very sparing in the use of paper. Even all his private letters shared the same fate. The inference to be drawn from this sad and unconscious destruction is suffi ciently obvious. His mind had been gradually giving way, and in one of those gloomy intervals, when he i contrasted, as he sometimes did in his saner moments, the little his genius had accomplished with what it was expected to have realised, he destroyed all! This must have been some time before his death. The examination for the chair of natural philosophy will be an open one. The Linserick Chronicle states that the Law Life Assurance Company have agreed to advance 600,0001. on the Portarling ton estates. The expense of con tinuing a search in the Registry-office from 1832 is estimated at from 1,600/. to 2,0001. . . . The engineer for' Clare has supplied the estimates ordered by Lord Clarendon, for completing the public works of that county. They amount to 118,427!., thus distributed—to tinish old roads, 32,7951. ; very important new roads, 31,6001. ; useful new roads, 54,0321. The total amount applied for at the pre sentment sessions was 605,6811., of which about one half was expended. STATE OF THE COUNTRY. On Monday n i ght • poor widow, named Kearns, was murdered near Borrisoleigh, Tipperary. No cause was assigned for the infamous deed. She had • few acres of land, and was to have been married a few days after the murder had been perpetrated.—On Wednes day armed men entered the house of a men named Gal braith, in the same county, and carried off his gun.—ln Kilcullen, Kildare, a highway robbery was committed on the public road, and at • short distance from this locality, the dwelling-house of a r►te-collector was fired, and the cottages of some farmers burned to the ground. A female who absconded is suspected. In Tippe eery also the dwelling of a protestant clergyman, the Rev. Mr. Curry, who had only been a few weeks in the parish, was attacked. One of the offenders presented a pistol at Mrs. Curry, who retreated. The ruffian took nothing by his mo tion. In the same county, on Tuesday night, a turnip field of a Mr. Carter, was surprised by plunderers armed with pistols, and a new species of instrument of safety called " skull craeliere." The care takers arrived shortly atter and were ferociously beaten. The Ballyehannon Herold saysthe condition of the peasantry in that district is most distressing, while the Northern Starsdord announces a strong opposition to the payment of poor rates in the county of Monaghan. The deputation from Clara, which recently was hoc cured by an interview with Lord Clarendon on the subject of the ! unfinished public works, were advised, your readers will re- I member, to instruct the surveyor of the county to prepare an estimate of the same which would be necessary to complete the works left unfinished at the time of the termination of the operations under the Labour Kate Act. The estimate has just been published, and amounts to 118,4272, being classified under three distinct heals, viz., completion of old roads, 32,79,31.; important new roads, 31,6001.: useful new roads, .54,0321. From this estimate for one county, one may form some conclu-ion as to the probable amount necessary fur c.,ra pie ing all the roads throughout Ireland, remembering, how ever, that in Clare those works were particularly heavy.— , From the south we have intelligence which affords promise of a better time in the coming year, as regards those districts which now present at once features of great destitution and great turbulence. Ploughing and harrowing were never more actively in progress throughout at this period of the winter season than at present, the farmers being energeti cally preparing for forward crops of corn next year, when, in addition to the usual breadth of corn on the ordinary soils, the whole, or almost all, those lands sown this year with green crops will next year grow rereala. I may state myself, that in a recent visit to the south-east of Ireland, I taw several fields of wheat very fully grown. Seventy-four vete sets, laden with corn and other provisions, left Limerick harbour last week for various English and Sooteh ports. From Limerick and Clue the accounts of outrage to-day are as numerous as usual. In one instance, come stacks of corn, the property of a civil bill process-aerver, were consumed in Limerick. Personal violence was dealt upon another of the same class of persons in Clare. An outrage of a like nature occurred in Cork—the two latter caused by the service of " law papers," to use the phrase of the local journal. Lord Guillamore's steward, in the west of Limerick, was attacked, his son beaten, and his house plundered of arms ; as have also other houses, and in several instances barns, dairies, and other premises, have been plundered of provisions and pro perty. SCOTLAND. EDINBURGH, Nov. 6. Since Lord John Russell cannot find time for in stallation Colonel Mare, the conservative member for Renfrew:hire is, according to the Courier, about to be proposed u rector of Glasgow University for the en suing year. It is possible that a liberal candidate may be set up against him. Sir D. Brewster has published the deliverance in his case pronounced by the general assembly of the established church in 1845, to the effect that he is disqualified to hold his office as Principal of St. Andrew's, although the church deemed it inexpedient to take any step at the time. The disqualification is grounded on Sir David having subscribed some of the official papers of the free church—which he denies l having done. This, however, is a mere technicality; as there is no doubt of his having become a non coufoimist. It is understood that Lord Dalhousie is to retain i his two Scotch offices of Clerk Register and Signet IKeeper, " but," says the Scotsman, 'he intends, so long as he is Governor of India, to pay the salaries into the Exchequer." Now, it is so customary for parties receiving important appointments to have their salaries for previous and less important offices suspended during the enjoyment of the larger living, that the wonder would have been if Lord Dalhousie should or would have been allowed to act differently. But, apart from this, it may suggest doubts as to the necessity for offices worth 2,3001. per annum, when the duties can be performed during the indefinite absence of the principal in another hemisphere. The Privy Council has intimated to the Glasgow parochial board, that it has no power to regulate according to tonnage the proportion of passengers brought in steamers and other vessels from Irish ports to the Clyde. Tho board is to agitate for a bill for this purpose being brought in, as the Irish steamers still continue to be dangerously and disgustingly overcrowded. . . The new sanitary measure for Edinburgh will meet a determined foe in St. Cuthbert's perish, but the battle must be fought, otherwise farewell to sanitary progress. St. Cuthbert's, a century or two ago, was then essentially a rural district, bearing crops of corn, turnips, and potatoes. As Edinburgh extends, the beritors of St. Cuthbert's find that crops of houses will pay better than crops of victuals, and tenements are run up, vertically to the height of many stories, and horizontally till they meet the domiciles of Edinburgh proper at every point of boundary. Edinburgh propere, so does St. Cuthbert's; F.din burgh groans under taxation, so does not St. Cuth bert's ; Edinburgh wishes sanitary improvement, but St. Cuthbert's will have none of it, mikes it is allowed to be sanitary is its own way, and within its own domains. The annexation will test St. Cuthbert's about one per cent. of taxation more than it pays at present; but as St. Cuthbert's has already lost so much by sowing bricks and mortar instead of carrots and potatoes, it cannot afford this augmentation of impost. And so far as reasoning is concerned nothing but the anni hilation of the Edinburgh royalty woald convince St. Cuthbert's of its helplessness without the city it repudiates; but as this experiment would be too ex pensive, the annexation must be pressed, leaving after-experience to show the wisdom of the step.' Decision is of some importance, as almost every city and town has its St. Cuthbert's disposed to take its stand on its " parochial" independence, and other wise play its fantastic tricks, and so delay the sani tary movement. We lately referred to a united presbyterian church ball as the scene of a soirée of composite character: we have more pleasure in referring to the conversion of a similar apartment into a Sunday evening ragged school. The hall in question is situated below Erskine Church, Glasgow, and was formerly let as a store, but with commendable benevolence has been opened for the above purpose. The proceedings of the first day of the winter session of the High Court of Justiciary, yesterday, affords melancholy testimony of the need of such appliances. The criminals tried were ten in number, and nine transported for periods of from seven to ten years, the charges all being theft, were for purloining the following articles: No. 1, three printers' composing sticks ; No. 2, a pair of shoes; No. 3, three cotton shirts; No. 4, robbing a little girl of 4d. ; No. 5, cotton shirt, &c. ; No. 6, jewellery No. 7, handkerchief; No. 8,391 b. of lead ; No. 9,41 b. of pig-iron. As mentioned, the lowest sentence was seven years, the highest ten—the severity arising from previous conviction, and indicating on the part of the authorities a persuasion that the parties sys tematically lived by plunder. THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 9, 1847. KILLING ♦ HkNONANL—J. Bdey was, on Friday last, convicted of killing Scott, the Edinburgh executioner. The charge libelled on was that of culpable homicide, but sen tence was deterred. EDINBURGH HEBREW CHAIR.—The Lord Ordinary has refused to grant interdict against the induction of the pro (moor elect. Should he be Metalled, it is understood that the presbytery will raise an action against the town council. profemional to interfere when another medical gentleman had been engaged, but the friends of the patient wished him to do so, as the man was in great danger, Mr. Lynch found that " Dr. St. Pierre " had bled him in five or six different places, as there were three punctures on his arm, ore on the outside of his right foot, °neon the inside, and one on the temple. Ho also learned, from the people is the house, that he had set the poor patient up in the bed, dashed water in his face, put salt on his chest and bowels, • piece in his ear, vinegar in his eyes, and some yellow powder down his . throat ! Suck treatment,. Mr. Lynch deposed," i wold re" ad d m e r dedl ted ikat ac i ' t e e le h r :r ble d cr Its pa m i u n en fi t U a p a l e". aces, but put it to Mr. Lynch whether, from the puncture*, situated at they were, three ounces of blood could be got.— Mr. Lynch : Yes, I am of opinion that I could get it.—St. Pierre : You think you could get it. Upon my word I could not, although I attempted to suck it from him—John M'Nslty detailed St. Pierre's treatment of the patient to be similar to that which Mr. Lynch had heard. St. Pierre war not called to see the deceased, but Came there of his own accord.—James Traynor, who was in during St. Pierre's treatment, said, notwithstanding the punctures, and that deceased's feet had been put into warm water, not above a table-spoonful of blood came away.—Ann Falkney, widow of the deceased, spoke of the doctor "as a " nice man," who had attended her gratuitously since her confinement, in July. She did not ask him to attend her husband, but learning, when he called on her, that he was ill, asked leave to bleed hint. Her husband wu in a dying state at that time.—M'lsialty stated, in answer to a question from the coroner, that, to the best of his belief, Dr. St. Pierre had " a drop of drink in " on the night'in question.—The Coroner, referring to the serious complexion of the case, ordered a post martens examination of deceased, and adjourned the in quest till 12 o'clock on Monday. ST. ANDREW'S PRESS I TERIAN CHURCH, Rodney street, Liverpool, which suffered seriously by the free church seas ion, was yesterday brought to the hammer, and pur chased by the Wesleyan Methodists. The building, a hand some erection, coot 14,0001.: it sold for 4,0501. InnuerniAL Scrwobs.—The relief fund committee at Warrington having abandoned the establishment of in dustrial schools, the mayor, in accordance with hie statement at the meeting, has himself established one in the room for merly occupied by the Mechanics' Institution, in Academy. place, and it was opened on Monday se'nnight. About thirty boys then presented themselves, and the number has since increased to nearly a hundred, being quite is many as the room will comfortably hold. Singularly enough, on I Thursday evening, the Hon. and Rev. H. Powys, rector, issued a notification, to the effect, that in consequence of a requisition, &c., he bad determined to extend the industrial schools, at present in operation in Church-street, in con nexion with the church ; and that, in future, the room at the national school would be set apart for females, and the upper room of St. James's Sunday-school, in Latchford, for males, at which places " scholars of all dame.," desirous of being admitted, are requested to apply. AUTOBIOGRAPHIES AND STATEMENTS OF PRI SONER9.—From the report of the chaplain of the Preston gaol we give a few short extracts, to show that had paren tage, ignorance, drink, and.aasociation in gaol, are the great sources of crime. To distinguish the different prisoners, we affix a number to each individual : I. Pulite fond of drink ; got a gait of going with boys about my age, stealing apples and taking stuff off stalk. 1 bare known the men sit in the :prison) yard and tell the boys how to [ steal:, foe hour after hour • • and when we got home, we kne w more that was bed there before we came to prison. 1 have Amp had a drunken father, which in time brought my mother to like ale herself ; • • et length I became es bad, • • through drinking lost my work 1 several naves • • when I have got work I have gone gaming my wages, and hare lost them several time.-2. I sin 23 years ol age. My mother died when we were young; my father began to drink, and neglect both family and work. I never was taught to read in my life before I came here. At 12 or 14 1 met with such bad lads se myself; and oa Sculdays began towing, &e. As I got into good earnings, I got to going to the a'ehorsee and playing at dominoes and cards; these have been my greatest evils,—[For two or three years he was getting 20s. te 255. a week; he vent 10s. or 12s. out of it in drink.] Often enough spent all my wages, sad brought nought home. I have a wife and three children.-3. (Aged IL) Mother died three years and lather two years ego.—[lll4 master having no work, the prisoner and his brother were turned oft and the orphans, lima begging, got to reeding.] 1 often tried to be good in Liverpool, but bad lade enticed me off again. - 4. [This wunitiee of a drunatrd we condemn.) At 19 he married; three months after, hie wife returned to her parents, and be enlisted; was bought off; gave himself up to drinking to frightful exam; with two companions. drank four gallons of rum and four of gin raw out of cum, " until our flesh became numb, and all three thought we were going to die." Ile became steady awhile and worked and heed egain with his wife • but broke out again at Christmas, beat Ids wife, and was committed for two months. When at age, he received 2651., left him by h'a grandfether, and began businese as • smell draper, having fire men working for him; but broke out spin, spending 51. a day, beating his wife, and turning her eut of doors at all hours of the night. • I drunk fifteen weeks, and ee her went to bed sober." Ilia creditors sent him to Lancaster; hie wife (nest her confinement) and child went to the workhouse. Again be reformed for awhile, and took his wife and two children out of the workhouse; but three months after he broke out again ; his wife re turned to the workhouse, and he was apprehended fur neglect of family. His Meter left him 2361., which he epent in drink, and was committed to prison for neglect 01 family within nine months Again he was steady awhile, but on Whit-Mondey broke out again, and was committed three months for beating hie wife. After an alternation of bard labour and brutal excess, he committed • felony, and was un dergoing his sentence of sit months' imprisonment.; —3. When I went into prison, 1 did Doering but cry the first two or three nights, but after that I got hardehed there were all kinds of bedneas gambling, fighting, canine, maiming, and telling about what robberies they bad committed; in fact, It was worse than any public-house that a person could go to. I slept in • room along with 20 more prisoners, as I mktem went to sleep before 10 or 11 ; for they were singing, belling tales, and puling the clothes off each other's beds, and some fightlng. There were seven beds in the room, and western three in • bed. I was in about eight weeks before trial, and I can safely say that I learned more bedtime in that eight week. than 1 did in all my life before. 1 think, end! am sure, that if that prison had been like thin, I ebould never have come within the walls of the Preeton House of Correction. 6. r A Sunday-school teacher married a young woman also a teacher ; bui two young men came to see him one Sunday ; they went drink ing at different publichomee, and when very drunk, he carried away from one of them home. acme article, was apprehended, convicte d, and eenteneed to one month's solitary omflnement. He states that the article stolen was of no great vette ; was not taken from want, foe he was then getting 30e. • week, and had only • wife and child; and It was nothing but drink that turned him to this evil, and brought shame upon his family. , 7. [A shoemaker, working nine weeks in Manchester, lodged with one!. 11. who bad five others lodging with him ; and when any of them bad to go to the shop fur work, or to take it in, they had to put on J. B.'e shoes and coat; for none of the five bad either, having pledged or sold them In a drunken spree.] C. (A collier, aged 25, as soon he earned money, spent it in drink sad bet time; and often spent It. on the pay night; he spent 41. on one natur day night and Sunday ; spent meet of the Sundays drinking ; and on one of them committed the °lrina) for which he was iniprlsoned) 9. A tailor, sap. " When I was an apprentice, the men took me to a public-house ; I soon was as bad so any of them ; and Sunday was the worst day of drinking. Drink caused me to enlist. • • • There are vaults in Manchester and Liverpool where four waiters are emp:oyed from four o'clock on Saturday, as hard. they= fill, until twelve; they are kept open until Sunday morning. • • In Man -1 cheater, there was a great number oil dlOra turned to be socialists. I wan persuaded to go and hear them one Sunday ; but had as 1 em, I could not listen to them speak blasphemy. • • I know several good workmen in Manchester, making good wagers, that have not • bed to lie on ; only some straw in the corner of the room for their wires end families. 10. A young factory hand says, " When I was twelve years old, I went to the factory, and gore our folks so much • week; and with having more money sot got bigger, 1 need to go out and play on Sundays. In the summer time we used to ramble in the fields, and take tobacco with us, and sit and smoke, and tell tales of all sorts; and when we could not go out, we used to 'ramp" (assembled together in a house), and get drunk about In the town. I began smoking when I was fifteen pan old. It has rent me 15d. or i cede a week, manilas . , for tobsona, I have gotten 11. a week many a time, and givers our folk 7a a week ; all the rest went on Saturday night and Sueday. One Sunday, lot IL with flying pigeons; and then 1 went up stairs and Wiled them all. I used to spend 10s. or 12e. of a e a turday night for twa years before I came here; I spent it all In drink, and never hardly bought any clothes-1 1. J. 8., a rough, dis. orderly muter, from Wigan, under summary on for one manta, states that he was married about five mesas ago. His wife had some money when they were married, oenseq uenty he his not worked since. " But,. said he, " I've spent in Adak , and one way and another, a hundred pounds this lam four months • and what's worse, I've pawned about thirty pounds' worth of goods, liut made all the money away." We conclude with a few extracts relating to railway exca eaten or " navvies": AnF.Tiglish;.en;;y" maimed D. told me that for many yaws Mge thee be had spent lan weekly in drink. J. J., elao for trial, " I had been steady six months, and bad mind more than 13f. fee my wik and two children; but I then broke out, and spent It all in a week." I. 8., formerly a spinner, latterly • labourer on the railway, mid, "All the time I was getting thirty shillings or thirty-flee Ilogs a-week tan shillings never waved me in drink." R. 8., a collier, and a single man, more ignorant than would be believed those who are unacquainted with the state of the eked only 36 year., and awaiting trial fora ro bbery the pm in a nubile-boom, mild to me—" I have bad these good (111 a. and 30x) for many years, "and might ha,. amid some suds ; but I've spent regularly 15e. a week in dehlk, and Mont el y men yank... Window the same." H. D. Me rye bus a deal about drinking. It brought nu hue, I had bun mew der seven weeks, and got both money and elsthes, and Ikon I mkt sO to drink jog." • • J. L., a fine athletic "navvy, lid her at the railway about three wtW earned 21.. weekly, aid now spent kap than 10. in drink; the whole of them drink all Mak wok W. D., a "perry," sere that he Vela regularly 10s. MM. middy ta drinking. "There MU more than 100 men working mar us I nott, one with another, they spent quite as much In drink an DIM The was of a Saturday night and of a Sonde t f i V en ry In= any money left en Monday morning, k mum and spent it op. I came in hers alma.', Ibr I heil gent ell among them chaps. They did not live Bb Cleklbee. 7107 thowt nowt about met but drink. I'll wank than no more. ' I am glad to be able to conclude these extracts Maths la the carries with one of a more favourable character:—" I was gratified by a visit from J. T., discharged a few months ago from a second im prtwnmeet (twelve months) for a serious felony. He stated that, on Is discharge, he obtained employ on a line fa coarse of formation between Bolton and Blackburn ; that Ws wars are 3s. daily, end that be eon frequently make eight days a week ; that he baa been able to put two of kin .011$ into work, and has already made his family more comfortable. From his amount It appears that the labourers on the line in question pours, unusual advantages, which the felt as much by the contractors as by the labourers, The Merl are paid weekly, in money. Tlekets to "tawny" shape, or to beer-shops, are unknown; added to which, any labourer may receive Is. of his day's wages when ever he has done a day's work. T. any. that on this line there is km Irregularity and drinking than on any other he ban we,,, COlldlidell on the usual and injurious system of monthly or fortnightly payments in connexion with tickets for provisions and liquor. The name of the contractor (for the whole line) who has established those fair and most beneficial piano I. Evans. CHASE OF A SHEEP-SLATER. Extraordinary lessee have recently been suffered by the farmers in the dis trict north of Preston, from the remarkable cheep-killing propensities of a large and fierce dog, which roamed over the country at night, slaughtering sheep in every direction, and escaping by some unaccountable means the numerous snare§ which were set to comprise its capture, dead or alive. Night after night did this mysterious brute pursue his course, creating alarm in every direction, and seemingly de lying any attempt to check the mischief he was making. No farmer's flock, is the wide district he selected as the scene of his ravages, was safe from his attack ; while he occasionally placed so great a distance between the various points of his visitation, as to raise a doubt whether one dog, however ferocious and determined, could accomplish to large an amount of mischief. Oae morning the owner of a fine flock would Ascertain that several of his choicest sheep were lying killed in his fold, and himself some thirty or forty pounds the poorer; and the next, a farmer so many miles distant as to warrant his fancying himself out of harms way, would discover himself in a similar po s iti on , from the totally unex pected visit of this ruthless destroyer. To such a height had the ravages of the brute proceeded during an entire month, that the " country - side" literally " rose in arms " against him. Nearly a hundred sheep had he torn the throats of, and though MC now and then at a distance, he never would snow a single pereen to come within gun-shot range of him. He wee understood to be dark coloured, of unusual size, and swift of foot ; but that was all, and doubts were entertained as to whether it really was a dog or not, many being inclined to believe, from the de scription given of it, that it might be some wild beast escaped from a travelling menagerie. Certain it is that its appearance, in a country so thinly populated, and se quiet and retired, and the destruction that attended its paith a gave rise to many stories more creditable to the imaginatiem than to the judgment of the narrators. The excitement created naturally increased with every further account of the animal's deadly visits; and at length the farmers of the die taict felt themselves compelled to set watchers ever their flocks every night; or to house every sheep, at whatever in convenience, before dusk. Theee who know the country of which we speak, the perfect security which is felt as to any attacks on property, and the great difficalty the farmers generally would have in obtaining assistance to keep night watches, or in finding room in their int buildings at this time of the year for anything like a dock of sheep, however small, will readily understand the desire which was universally felt to rid the country of a visitor who caused so much annoyance, anxiety, and fear. Ia the early part of last week the amen of the country turned out, far and near, to the number of uowaxds of a hundred, armed with guns, pitchforks, &c., and com pletely scoured the district in search of their enemy, but without effect. On Saturday night week it was found that he had killed twelve sheep, at Beacon-fell-side ; and on the Sunday following three or four hundred persons were on the hunt for the destroyer. In the course of the day Mr. Logan, of Barton, got a distant shot at a large dog by the side of Barton-mill, supposed to be the one all were looking for, but the animal escaped unhurt. That night he killed fifteen sheep at Catterall-hall. On Wednesday, at day-break, the brute was seen in the act of tearing a sheep's throat out at Woolfell's-mill, having five others lying dead about him. The cry was immediately raised ; all within hearing turned out, with such weapons as could be seised is the hurry and excitement of the moment; and the start was cour mewed with a determination to run " the risae"M Oa death at every hazard. Numbers of others joined the pur suers as they swept across the country; and there then began a chase, and arose a cry, such as the " Pikes" and " Fells " of that district never witnessed, or echoed to, before. Across fields, over hedges, ditches, and walls ; through rips, dykes, and briars rushed the Range beast, and perseveringly fol lowed his pursuers, resolved to have revenge. The news of the hunt spread on every side, and as those who had nut longest failed for want of wind or strength, others supplied their places. Before the chase had lasted a couple of hours, many joined in it who had come distances of 10 and 12 miles. At one time it was feared the sheep-slayer would escape into the Fylde ; but, fortunately, at Whinny'-clough, and when he was gaining on his pursuers, Mr. 7. Smith, termer, got a shot at him. and hitting him in the hind leg, turned him back towards Barnes lane. It was now past ten o'clock, and the pursuers instead of slackening in speed or losing strength, appeared to increase in number and in spirit; while the dug, exhausted from his night's work, the severe run he had had, and lass of blood from the wound in his leg, showed evident symptoms of breaking up. At about half past ten o'clock, siemingly worn out and terrified, the brute dashed into a house at Barnes-lane, an which was a woman and four children. The alarm of the poor woman may lar imagined ; but fortunately it was of rhort duration, for a young man coming up, armed with a pitchfork, drove the prongs through the ferocious beast; a second man named lea-dale, then cut its throat. Thus ended this extraordi nary hunt, after a run of upwards of twenty miles. Upon exa mination, the animal was found to fall very little short of the descriptions which had been given of it, exagge rated as they were thought to be at the time. It was of an unusual size, and very strongly made, especially in the fore parts, its legs there being as big round as a man's wrist, and the print of its fore-foot measuring full three inches and • half across. Its death having been insured, a cart was ob tained, and the body placed in it was taken off in triumph to Goosnargh, followed by nearly a couple of hundred farmers and others. NORTHUMBERLAND. FEVER IN NEWCASTLE.—Typhus fever, which has so many weeks prevailed to a serious extent in the wretched districts into which the Irish immigrants and our own desti tute poor are driven, has not yet abated in amount or malig nity ; and the appearance of isolated cases in better built and cleaner parts of the town is giving rise to a good deal of ap prehension and remark. Another member of the catholic priesthood has fallen a victim to the ravages of a disease which, though generally beginning in the midst of poverty, in the end reads its solemn lemons to the rich and well circumstanced, and thus, as it were, provokes the adop tion of measures which ought long ago to have been enforced Mr. Shiell, the medical officer temporarily appointed for All Sainte' parish during the illness of Mr. Newton, now lies exceedingly ill ; and his assistant, Mr. Wilson, has also been assailed by the same dis ease. Mr. W. Turner, the officer for St. Nicholas's and St. John's parishes, has undertaken to supply Mr. Shiell's place, the necessary assistance being provided by the poor-law guar dians. The fever hospital is full ; the vagrant yard has been, and now iv, concerted into a temporary hospital ; and still the great bulk of the sufferers are constrained to remain in the pestilential atmosphere which is the main origin of the evil, and thus to add to its intensity. At Glasgow and other large towns which have passed through the ordeal now being endured by Newcastle. tents were constructed in open spaoes of ground to which good air had free access; and in Ireland, where a similar course was pursued during the last winter and ipring, it was found that the occupants of frail erections, through which the wind had an unchecked current, recovered more generally and more rapidly even than those who were in the ordinary hospitah,whers the ventilation was lets com plete. Why not pursue a similar plan at Newcastle? Some thing, at least, should be done, to stay the progress of a dis ease which:has had its own way so long.—Newcastle Courant. WAR , SUPERSTITION IN 1847.—0 n the day of the ad journed inquest at Coseley, on the body of James Cooper, who was supposed to have died from the effects of poison administered by a young woman, the brother of the deceived stated that the deceased, before his death, imagining he was bewitched by the female in question, desired big brother to steal si'ently and alone, at midnight, into a churchyard, and take a handkerchief full of clay from a young maiden's grave, to place under his head, to break the spell of witch craft that the young woman bad cut over him. Accordingly the brother of the deceased went to a maiden's grave in a churchyard, st 12 o'clock at night, and removed the clay in a handkerchief, keeping his gaze during the whole of the time rivetted upon the sky, according to the orders of the sick man, under whose head he placed the consecrated earth, and who confidently expected from this mummery that he should speedily recover. Unfortunately, however, for the credulity of the poor fellow, it did not break the spell of death which was upon him, for, in the words of the brother of the deceased, " it dain't do him no good, for soon after he died." THE BISROP OF EXETER ON CLERICAL DRONE EN NEWS AND PROFANE SWEARING.—The Western Times says Bishop Pbillpotta gave judgment in the Chapter House on Thursday on a case of which nothing more can be published than may be gathered from the following report : —The Bishop, habited in the lawn sleeves and rising, read from a document, nearly as follows; This is a proceeding under the act for better enforcing church discipline, against I the Rev. Thomas Jones Landon, vicar of St. Breward, in the county of Cornwall, for being, and for being publicly seen to be drunk, in the town of Bodmin, on Tuesday, the 22nd day of June, and then and there repeatedly uttering profane language. The c immissioners appointed under the statute have reported that there is sufficient grounds for further proceedings ; and Mr. Landon has submitted to the judgment of the lsishop, in this stage of the proceedings. If the circumstances detailed in the depositions warranted any doubt of Mr. Lendon's having been guilty of the offence charged, his submission must be taken as removing all such doubt. I need not, therefore, incur the painful ta-k of re marking upon the several matters related by the witnesses; but may content myself with dealing with the case generally as proved. A memorial has been presented to me to favour of Mr. Landon, signed by one of the churchwarden', and • portion of the parishioners, not indeed con siderable, as compared with the whole. I wish the grounds on which the memorialist' rest were such as indicated either experience of uniform good con duct on the part of their vicar, or even a confident hope of his future improvement; but I ant bound to record my opinion, that they plead in his favour no other considerations than such as do in truth aggravate the offence. What else can be said of the very long period for which be has been their minister, and of his advancing age ? But I spare his feelings and my own, and will not remark on this most heavy case. If the public exposure of himself which he has made, and the shame of the investigation which has taken place, be not sufficient to awaken those feelings which alone can lead to amendment, I cannot hope that any words ermine will have that effect. Be it enough to say, that the acts charged being only of one day do net amount to the habits of drunkenness or profaneness; and that in conformity, there fore, with what I rind to have been the usual practice of our ecclesiastical courts in the case of offences of this nature, I order that no other penalty than grave and serious admo nishing is to be the sentence for this offence; in the hope that it may be the last, and as a means of exciting in him that " godly sorrow which worketh repentance," we condemn the same Thomas Jones Landon in the cost' of these pro ceedings. KENT. _ _ MURDEROUS ASSAULT BY SOLDIERS.—At the Guildhall, Rochester, on Saturday, Joseph Syrne, a corporal, I and David Carew, a private, belonging . to the 50th (Queen's Own) Regiment, were brought up in custody, before the mayor and magistrates, charged with • most unprovoked and brutal assault on Mr. W. Stephenson, surgeon, riding at Boley-hill, whose blackened eye bespoke the ill-usage be had sustained.—Complainant stated that on Wednesday evening, between ten and eleven o'clock, he was returning home after visiting • patient. He proceeded through Two post-alley, leading from the High -street to Holey-hill, and on pissing the stabling of the King's Head Inn, the pri soners suddenly rushed out upon him, the prisoner Carew saying, " Come on," at the same time seizing him by the collar of his coat and making use of the most foul and disgusting language, and aiming at hint • blow which fell on his jaw. A struggle ensued, and com plainant bay ng bold of Carew by his collar, with his right hand succeeded in parrying off the blows, at the same time calling out lustily for the police. Carew th en made a violent effort to get away, in which Mr. Stephenson had the nail torn off from the forefinger of his right hand ; at the same time, Byrne threatened him if he dared to call for the police. Carew then ran at him with great force, and struck him a violent blow on the right eye, exclaiming, with an oath, " Take that you rascal." The prisoners then ran away, and Mr. Stephenson, returning to the High-street, ob tained the assistance of two policemen, and the prisoners were immediately apprehended at the gateway of the Castle-garden, and after great resistance were safely lodged in the station house. The magistrates, who viewed it u a most outrageous assault, observing there was nothing that could be offered in justification or palliation of the offence, inflicted the most severe penalty awarded by law, although they felt it was insuffi cient ; to meet the justice of the case would be to deal more severely with the prisoners than the law provided. They woes convicted in &penalty of 51. each, and, in default, to be committed to Maidstone Gaol for two calendar moaths.— The court then proceeded to hear another charge of assault against Carew, equ►lly unprovoked, committed upon Mr. George Ashdown, a gentleman residing at Stoke. it appeared that a few minutes after ten the same night, as he eras crossing Rochester-bridge, when about midway, he met the prisoner Carew and another soldier, supposed to be Byrne, but to whom complainant could not positively swear. On coming up, Carew struck him a tremendous blow which knocked him down. and for • time rendered him insen sible. On recovering, he found his hat was gone, and so severely had he been hurt that he was compelled to keep in bed the next day. For this offence the court indicted a tinnier penalty, and in default to be committed fur two calendar months, such term of imprisonment to commence at the expiration of his former sentence. The prisoners, it appeared, were quartered at l'pnor Castle, and broke out of barracks on the evening the above outrages were committed. Both prisoners were removed in custody. THE CHANNEL ISLANDS. MAJOR-GENERAL NAPIER. —The Oisernscy Star of yesterday states that Major-General Napier has been, or is about to be, removed front the command of Guernsey, and that he will not return to the island. "W e have not been able to ascertain," continues that journal, "through what channel this statement has been received ; but, from a variety of corroborative circumstances which have come to our knowledge, we entertain no doubt whatever of its perfect ac curacy. We need scarcely add that this news has spread the most lively joy through all classes of the inhabitants, and hasexcited towards her Majesty's government the warmest feeling of gratitude. These feelings are natural and commendable ; but we trust—and, indeed, we are sure—that they will be in dulged in with moderation and scrupulous propriety. The people of Guernsey have been long obliged to lire in an un fortunate state of hostility with General Napier; but the ter mination of his command, if it cannot efface the remem brance of past events, should, at all events, pot an end to animosity, and not be sullied on the part of the inhabitants by any unbecoming demonstration of triumph." PROVINCIAL. COMPENsATION I , olr . Lt;tor OFFICE.—By a clause in the late Liverpool Solitary Act, the council were empowered to grant compensation to such parties whose em ployment its operation might supersede, provided they were not famished with an office of equal value under the new act. The corporation, acting under the advice of counsel, determined, as a general principle, to grant two-thirds of the fixed salary previously received, not taking into account whatever emoluments there might have been. Under a power in the act, Mr. E. 0. Deane, law clerk to the late highway board, Mr. Snowball, who filled • similar office under the Toxtetk Park commissioners, and the powers of both of which b are now transferred to • (laminates of the council, and five tubs'. parties, appealed to Gilbert Hendee ran, Esq., recorder of the borough, in substautiation of their deigns. The reorder, alter many months' oonsideratioa, yesterday gave judgment in the sessions-house, at Liver pool. Mr. Deans''' salary had been fixed by set of parliament at 1001. per annum, but the board had also employed him u their solicit'', in the recce very of debts and the transaction of parliamentary business. Although there was no doubt that the board might have employed another solicitor in the transaction of this business, the recorder considered Mr. Deane entitled to compensation for loss of these particular functions, and awarded him a gross sum of not less than 3,8001. To Mr. Snowball he awarded 3,4001.; and to the other appellants (who have been employed, but in less lucrative offices) equally liberal com pensation. THE AMERICAN LECTURER. MR. EMERSON's SZCOND ADDRII.B4.—" Swedenborg, the Mystic," was de livered on 'Thursday evening, to an auditory filling the lecture theatre of the Manchester Atheneum. Mr. Emerson said : Among the great persons of history, it is remarkable that those who are the most near and dear to men are not of the class which the political economists call producers. A higher class, in the estimation and love of this city budding, market-going race of mankind, are the poets, who, from the intellectual kingdom, feed the thought and imagination with ideas end picturrs, which raise men out of the world of corn and money, and console them for the short-comings of the day and the meannesses of labour and traffic. Then, the philosopher, also, has his value, who flatters the intellect of this labourer by engasing him with subtleties, which instruct him in new faculties, and acquaint him with the light of a new sphere. But there is • class who lead us into another region,—the world of morals, the world of will. There is somewhat com manding to all men in the saint. The privilege of this class has been, that they had some nearer access to the secrets and structure of nature than other men, and that by some higher method than by experience ; not by particular expe riment, but by an intuition of the elements of things. The Arabians asy that the mystic and the philosopher having con ferred together, the philosopher, on parting, said, "AI l that he sees, I know ;" and the mystic, "All that be knows, I see." If he that inquires have a holy and god-like soul, if by being brought nearer unto and assimilated to the First Canoe, or original soul, by whom and after whom all things subsist, easily and naturally the soul of this man does then flow into all things, and all things flow into it ; they mix; and be is present and sympathetic with their structure and laws. The religious history of all nations contains traces of the trances of saints ; " the flight," Plotinus calls it, " of the alone to the alone." The trances of Socrates, Plotinus, Behmen, Fox, Bunyan, Pascal, Guyon, and Swedenborg, readily come to mind ; but what as readily comes to mind is the ac companiment of disease. This shocks and " o'er informs the tenement of clay," or o ft ener gives a certain violent bias to the judgment. No such remarkable example of this in. troversion of mind has occurred in modern times sa the life of Emanuel Swedenborg. This man, who appeared to his contemporaries a visionary, no doubt led the most real life of any man then in the world; and now he begins to spread himself into the minds of thousands. (Mr. Emer son then gave the outlines of Swedenhorg's biography, and enumerated his numerous and voluminous works ia so many different sciences, physical and theological.) No one man is perhaps able to judge of the merits of his works on s s many subjects. His books on mines and metals are studied to this day; it seems he anticipated, in various departments, the scienc of the 19th century ; in astronomy, the discovery of the planet Herschel, and the views of modern astronomers in regard to the generation of earths by the sun. In chemistry, the atomic theory was an anticipstion of Swedenborg. In anatomy, he anticipated the discoveries of Munro and Wil ton ; and he first demonstrated the office of the lungs. His principal work, on the animal kingdom, published in 1744, but only recently Englished, was written with the highest end,—to put science and the soul (long estranged) at one again. Nothing could exceed his bold and brilliant treat ment of a subject usually so dry and repulsive ; it was a picture of nature so wide and free as the most impassioned poet could not have surpassed. He decided peremptorily for the analytic against the synthetic method, and claimed to confine himself to rigid experience. Swedenborg hav ing conceived the ide• that certain books of the Old and New Testament were written symbolically, devoted the later years of his life to the extrication from the literal of the universal sense. He held that the cause of all things in heaven and earth being representative, is, that they exist from an influx of the deity. But this design of his, which, if ' adequately executed, would be the poem of the world, in which all history and science would play an essential pert, was narrowed and reduced by the theological direction which his inquiries took ; and the whole field still remains open. Yet the interpreter, whom mankind must still expect, will find no predecessor who has approached to near the true problem as Swedenborg. His perception of nature is not I human and universal, but mystic and Hebraic. He fastens each object of nature to atheologic notion: thus, to him, a horse sig nifies carnal understanding; the sun, love ; the moon, faith ; • field, doctrine ; and • city, heresy ; an ostrich means one thing, and an artichoke another. But the scripture of nature is not of so private an interpretation ; the slippery Proteus is not so easily caught. If asked to account for that un questionable fascination which Swedenborg exerts over a class, and a growing class, of the best and purest minds, he (the lecturer) would say it is, that Swedenborg is a man of genius, and served religion by his genius. To the withered traditional church, yielding only dry old criticism, he let in the light of nature; and the worshipper, accustomed to re ceive into his understanding certain cold verbal results, is overjoyed to find himself a party to the whole of his religion ; that his religion thinks for him, and is of universal applica tion. Of course that which is real and universal in Sweden borg cannot be confined to the circle of those who sympa thise strictly with his genius, but will rapidly pass into the common stock of the wise and just thinking in the world. Under certain limitations, which always' attend him, he is, of all the moderns, the strictest and faithfullest idealist. He abounds in golden sayings, which express, sometimes with singular beauty, ethical law' ; as when he says that in heaven the angels ad vance eontinuaily to the spring - time of their youth, so that the oldest angel appears the youngest. Again, love, and not the wish to be prominent, constitutes heaven ; for, to ' wish to be greater than others, is not heaven, but hell. But still his books have no melody, no emotion. no humour. no relief to the dead prosaic level. His system of the world wants central spontaneity ; it is essentially dynamic, and lacks power to generate individuals ; it is mechanical power without life. It requires for his just apprehension, al most • genius equal to his own. Every ardent and con templative young man, at eighteen or twenty, ought to read once these theological books of Swedenborg, and then throw them aside for ever. The vice of 8 wedenbonr's mind is its theological determination ; nothing , with him, has the liberality of universal wisdom—l speak , of course, of his theological writings : his scientific wo rks are not at all open to this objection ; they are, I suppose, of a value not yet at all estimated. His cardinal position in morals is, that evils should be shunned as Bing. More tette and healthy, to shun evil as evil. Another dogma growing out of his pernicious limitations, is his belief in evil spirits, devils. That pore ma lignity should exist, is an absurd proposition • it is atheism. Man, wheresoever thou see'st him, in brothels, gaols, or on gibbets, is on his way upward to all that is good and true. Everything is superficial and perishing, but love and truth only : the largest is always the truest sentiment. Sweden borg has rendered • great and double service to mankind, which is as yet far from being exhausted ; which, indeed, is only now beginning to be known. By the science of experi ment and use, by science in a sense that fools and sages can both acknowl edge, he apprehended and stblished to man the laws of nature, and, ascending by just degrees from the grossest external phenomena to their summits and causes, he was fired with • rapture of piety and love at the har monies he saw and shared, and abandoned himself to his joy and worship. This was his first service. If the glory was too bright for his eyes to bear—if he staggered under the trance of delight—the more excellent then the wondrous spectacle of the realities of being which beam and bless through him, and which no infirmities of the prophet are suf fered to obscure. And he renders a second passive service to man, not less than the first, perhaps, in the great circle of being, and, in the retribution of spiritual nature, not lees glorious or less beautiful to himself. STATE OF TRADE.—The mill returns this week show • further reduction in the number of hands employed; but it is accounted for, to • great extent, as consequent upon two large firms having stopped, and taken advantage of the existing depression of trade to make alterations in machi nery, cleanse boilers, &c., without intending permanently to close. The turn-outs at Mottram have accepted the reduc tion, and it is said that those of Ashton have signified a dis position to resume on the same terms. AMATEUR SURGERY.—OR Friday, an inquest was held at Liverpool, on the body of Patrick Falkoey, a la bourer, 32 years of age, alleged to here met his death from violence. J. M•Nalty, a laxcirer, stated that three weeks ago deceased and he and two other men were drinking at a public-house in Dale-street. While ;there some words took place between the deceased and Edward Freeman, and the latter struck the deceased with his Rat somewhere about the head. Witness took him away, when a man named Grady struck the deceased a blow with a stick (which be had not before) on the back of the head. Deceased cried out, that there was iron or lead at the end of the stick, and him bead bled profusely. After this, Freeman's wife struck him also (witnees saw nothing in her hand), Raying that she owed him a spite, and could not re venge herself till then. Deceased's head swelled, and he died on Thursday Wt.—Mr. Lynch, surgeon at the Dis pensary, proved that deceased died of erysipelas, which might have been produced by the blow of a stick. He added that when he visited him (on Wednesday night) he found a man holding a basin beneath the temple of decease& He asked who had been bleeding him, and was told, " Dr. St. Pierre," who was then up in the garret. The " doctor " shortly afterwards came down, and said he knew it was An- Mr Drama. LYCEUM.—A new " comic drama," in one act, called " A Sough Diamond," was produced at this theatre last ' evening. It would have been better designated by the good old term " farce ;" but this word is exploded now-a-days as too homely, though the thing itself, happily, is still to be met with. The little piece of last evening was really a farce, and • very good one ; extravagant in its subject, and broad in its humour, but hearty, genial, and exceedingly amusing. A certain Sir William Evergreen, an ex-M.P., and a great educationist, having met with an accident in hunting, is carried into • farm-house, and nursed by the farmer's pretty daughter, whom he falls in love with and marries, tru.stiog to polish the " rough diamond " by the help of education. The pour girl has been put through a complete c urse of I educational training, reaching from music and dancing to astronomy and political economy ; but she is tutored to no purpose, and remains as rustic as ever. We find I this couple living at their place in the country. Her husband is visited by an old college friend, Captain Augustus Blenheim, and by his uncle and aunt, Lord and Lady i'lesto. Between Lady I'lato and Captain Blenheins there has been an old attachment, which is revived by this meeting, and gives rise to some stolen interviews, rather more tender than is strictly correct. Lady Evergreen (or Margery, as she persists in calling herself) also has an old sweetheart—her cousin Joe, a country bumpkin, who comes to see her before going to service in London. She re ceives him with the most joyful cordiality, but with out the slightest idea of any sort of concealment; and the contrast between her frank, downright ho nesty, and the concealment and dissimulation practised by Lady Plato, convinces her husbaad of the sterling value of his diamond, rough as it is. In conclusion, she pro mien to do all she can to be what he wishes, if he will let her try in her own way, not plaguing her with books, but teaching her himself—a kind word from one we love being worth all the books in the world. The piece seems designed expressly to bring out the talents of Mrs. Fitswilliam and Suasion% who were the rustic Lady Evergreen and her Cousin Joe. The scene of their meetiog—when Joe pours into her greedy ears all the news and gossip of her native village—was exqui sitely comic, and produced shouts of laughter. The whole piece went off with great spirit, and Mrs. Fitzwilliam and Buckstone were loudly called for at its close. ASTLEY . S.—The "Camp of Silesia; or the Gipsy Queen " is the title of a spectacle presented for the first time, at Astley's, last evening. It is stated in the bills to be founded on the libretto of Meyer beer's celebrated opera. The scene is laid in Silesia, where the army of Frederick the Great lies en camped preparatory to an attack on the Pandours. A foolish flautist, bent upon achieving muscat celebrity with • view of ultimately reaping the golden harvest which awaits-all I foreigners in England, arrives in the camp, followed by • persevering sweetheart, who dons the costume of a viten diere in order to be near the oliject of her affections. This character was supported by a ektiutante, Miss Lydia Pearce, who played with great animation, and was favourably re ceived. The Musician, assisted by her and a certain Gipsy Queen, who seemed to have bees introduced expressly for the purpose, saves the King's life on several occasions of desperate peril, which have been moat unac countably overlooked by all the biographers of Fre derick the Great. The Musician is ultimately rewarded with a wife and promotion, whilst the Gipsy Queen is pro vided with a husband in the person of a young officer, who, having been condemned to death for a military otfeoce, is saved by the titeg to oblige hie preservers, and all are made happy, save the unfortunate Fandours, who are slain or smothered in a cave during the final tableau. Such is the slight thread on which is hung a pageant in the best style of Astley a Amphitheatre. After the spectacle the two ele phants purchse d by Mr. !laity at the recent Vauxhall sale were introduced in the circle, and gave various proofs of their docility and high training. UNIVERSITY AND CLERICAL. CAMBRIDGE, Nov. B.—At the congregation on the 10th instant, the following graces will be offered to the emote . —To ap point Mr. T. Field, Mellow of St. !Min . 's, Deputy Public Orator, during the absence of Mr. Crick on *mania of iU appoint the Master of Catharine Hall a !itemiser of each of the three following gym:Liman: the Press Syndicate, the New Botanic Garden Syndicate, end the Syndicate appointed on the 3th of May List, to co.ietcr who. then any satisfactory plan can be devised for increasing the pecuniary resources of the university, Re--To allow Mr. Walker, of Canis, to resume kis regency.—To dispense with the grace passed Veb. 211, 1806, in behalf of J. Arkwright, of Trinity), who has not been matricu lated within the first three terms of ' —To appoint the Vice- Chanoellor the Master of Christ's. the Master of thins the Master of Trinity, the Luceisian Professor, the Plumisn Professor. We Lowadean Professor, Mr. Gaakin, of Jesuit, Mr. Brussel, of St. John',, Mr. lintpley, of Sidney, Mr. Stokes, sf Pembroke, and Mr. Adams, of St. John's, a Syndicate to visit the observatory till Noveantsr, 1848. To authorbe payment of 1421. 13a. to the Plumian Prof emor, in conformity with the regulations adopted February 27. 1829, the net reoeipts of the Plumian Professorship in the last year having been 2571. 7s. THE BATH DIOCESAN CHURCH BUILDING AsSOCIATION held a meeting lad week, when the following gnats were reported : Towards enlarging St. James's Church, Beth. for the purome of 449 additional reltf, all free, the min of 9001.—Towards a new : 1 11= et Rowharion, near Taunton, a pond el 1501. has been made; the accommodation to be provided numb= ISO sitting; all free.— Towards extending the Mies and namempeennt of Mt. In the church at Wellington, by which mews It hi Mntempieted to imam the accommodation by 357 additiorial sitting!, ted leas tree, the gm of 1007. has been promised.--Towards a reamengemeent or the mata In Penselwood Church, for the purposed edam It edatima ma% 62 being free and unappropriated, a ati44A Mj, Me bean Towards a like object, In order to MtaintliMmel emonmodetion lbr 163 individual. at Hinton St. George, let glithlge being free, 151. he. been granted. Towards a re armament of wate, new gallery, and rebuilding the nave of the church it Eposcopi, thereby procuring ISO free and 1110666611eidel the committee hoe ' premised 100 f. Towards Isereadea Ite by rebuilding part of the church at Stanton Drew, end e better arramement of the sittings, by which 74 additional awes will be encored, 87 bring free, 731. his been emoted. The amber of ackUtlonal eitUngo, far which grants have been made during Um year i. 1,641, mug which 1053 are free and unappropriated. The amount of the grants if G6Ol. Tim total amount of accommodation, in the providine of which the samociation has been instrumental, now nowhere 21.432 ugditionel witting, of which 16,155 are free and unappropriated, and the total amount of grime la 9,252/. UNIVERSITY OF DUBLIN. &A. DeOREE EXAMINATION. Ix MATMENATIC4 AND Senior Moderator. and Gold Medallsta.-1. Crofton, Morgan William. 2. Stoney, Johnston George. 3. bowler, John Richard, Soc. Corn. 4. Townsend, Horace. IU examiners were the Rev. John Hewitt Jellett, M.A., the Rev. George Salmon, M.A., and Richard Townsend, BA., Fellows of Triniry College. IN ClAR.Sice.—Senior Moderators and Gold Medalista.— I. Crofton, Henry W., Scholar. 2. Brougham, Henry, Scholar.—Junior Modera tor and Saver Medalist.—Halpin, Witham Henry, Scholar. The ex aminers were the Rev. Robert Vickers Dixon, MA. ; the Rex. Thos. Stack, MA.; and the ter. George Lompield, Fellows of Trinity College. IN ETHIC', arm Lour.—Senior Moderators and Gold Med./RA..- 1. Murphy, James, Scholar. 2. (knows, John Eli. 3. Cathcart, Nassau. 4. Fleming, Hone% Scholar. 3. Neligan, J. C.—Junior Moderators and Silver Medalists.—l. Trwick, W. 2. Homan, P. 3. Tommend, H. 4. Ore. R. H. 3. Armstrong, W., Scholar. 6. Pit tar, Arthur Chute.. 7. Turner, Lune. 8. Wcir, William, Scholar. The examiners were the Rex. J. A. Galbraith, M.A., the Rey. 3. W. Stubb., MA., and J. K. Ingrain, 8.A., Fellow of Trinity College. In con-equence of the lamented death of Professor APCullah, the Fmk..- .Airship of Name! Plillomphy and a Ititorship In the college have be come Tarot. Mr. B. Townsend, Fellow, will boomed to the latter. A Fellowship and Tutorship bomber:erne vacant by the death of the Re.. H. Wray, D.D. ; Mr. J. K. Ingram succeeds to the tutorship. The Rex. T. 'Ditty, HD., his been °copied Senior Pillow, and the Rev. J. H. Todd appointed Junior Samar. NAVAL. DEVoIerORT, Nov. 7.—Belliale, 72, troop-ship, Capt. J. Kingoome, arrived this afternoon, at two p.m., from Halifax, with military uivalide, having made the passage In 15 days. She is ex pected to come bito harbour to refit Betrayal Bran, Nov. 6.—The Satellite has been ordered to this port to be paid off, and will some into harbour for that maroons as soon as practcable after her powder has been taken out—The Cockatrice la to proceed to the Pacific—The Ilerculew is to be ratted for the conveyance of stores to India.—lbc Milameoder is to be rigged and mooted like the Vigen.—The Cuctoo is to be paid off. The order for trarriferring her crew to the Dasher Is eountemtanded.— The Stromboli, from Woolwich, is to be held in readiame fur onnall ► sion.—A screw sloop, of 1,039 tone, and 250-tiorseen 41. . I principle of an improved Battler, and to be railed to we , understand to be built In this yard.—The Castor, *rived at 0 ... the Nore, and will proceed to Mahan to be paid • 4 Woobwicit, Nov. B.—The Virago, et. C.angliattair •—4 Loan, lately attached to the Mediteraman sq . twelve& *Ora . 4 .., morning, having deeharged her powder at Pu Illif WPM A ~,Il off and examined for re-oommtmion immediately. "i.. 11 4 ADMIILLLTT, Nov. B.—ArrOINTMINTS.-05 nine 4 J. IL Loueay, to Cygwet. Scored Muter :W. J. * , . c L lope. Acting &wood Master : W. Tinton. to Helm& tarpon . J. Henderson, to Ocean. Aceing.A t a btairtioad, to Fly ; H. Adams, to Plymouth Hoe* foe* San Josef ; W. Patrick and J. C. Inglis, to V M. B. Sailthdt, to Gramme'. Naval Cackle ; M. W. Terrible ; W. Parry, to Trafalgar , Oldraixon, to Yuen. , Clam Amistant 5 G. Threw, to Sidon ;J. Kew awl C. A. Bydder, to I