The Express. — London, England, 1851-01-27 00:00:00

EVERY SATURDAY APTETHIOON WILL BR PUBLISEIED, THE EXHIBITION EXPRESS, Sin of a Daily Wenn Doable Pam PRICE YOU VENCE. earnings every poselffielo IBIT llarnatien rendes le the GREAT EXHION OV Netts, Enlistees' Proe , letended rootless, Arrergeseents, Appearance, Moms penny! future. The memo= number of mum Inman to the forthoominst Out 1110111115 s• of the World% baser, Wring hitherto Ind no sailtaligy lepriantative to the paper sufficiently tour, ••• eNboodrieli• koltimilag owl* to rasp and l e 'w via Mom se _nit , et le 'wad en non —de wrists's d Ms IMPRE.S bate ilsearmined •••• Webs atm Yid* dlincee. a doable net of • tad pops; is mold• Or Mull GM been inneenties ridge •• tin Eel sipthar with • cm of Wm mar =ishblie millaralear intsertedrit p rxent Ned a Is mmillmill owl ass ssetnhere of immillmg then •••Illum. Mods eireneffsbare. rise ct tunffillare, ma the WI Wl* and VIBE dads at non who are to be Or Immirees at •••••mle of Alien* Or netripolie darn, the lannielenl Deist pt= of nanny dal Nana Is seltaiket to ~Ma reledn i• the Rapaaities tbl• doable sheet wilt Pee penal am. Me Yin renone, aspesial# aped to all curtest env' In litentine 110111.1 R I Ma art. Os eeery day estop Saturday the price of He EXPRESS will I. .1 Ilreeprist, att . benanne. nrvaTmineßNTS. The post voles el tbe 11111131710 N Isruse as • maim mag beovidest to oderrtmere. ageortimeeste must be al the oellee to ttt t. done WIN elee maim ~1 each Enda,. to wort .teertion io die Miter Y So lilotelogez i le, Doeverie-etreet, Fleet-erreet. Elie erprtlso. TO COBRISPONDINTS. MUM' Mali Miami is "TheLiprew ---7; liedos pew, sniqulfisiass, It, Ilsomireereet. b Two Vdcsk as we HIGH WATER, AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tim IhT—lllsostsg. NIL la........—Aftersoos, 4ls. 111211 s. —..Aftersooo, Ills. 50s. LONDON, MONDAY, JANUARY 27. Int complete triumph and success of the Austrian. and Russiansin subjugating the more liberal and independent parts of Germany his been attended by all thou reactionary, bigot, and vindic tive melts which we but too tru.y foreshadowed sad foretold. Our continued denunciations of this obsoleted alliance were answered with the assurance that Austria was as liberal as Prussia; that the statu ses of Vienna were highly enlightened, sincerely hint on establishing a constitution ; that their object is Germany was to reform the Diet, liberalise and im prove it. lo short, the Germans and their princes had ' bet to put their trust in the Emperor NICNOLAi and Priam StAiwaßZLNlXturt, is order to be dealt with fairly and wisely. By this time, however, not merely the people, but the princes of Germany, have been made aware what they are to expect from the untainted ascendancy of Austrian policy ano arms. As far as constitutional go vernment is concerned, the court of Vienna his flung Gff the mask, disavows sod scouts the idea. With educa tion surrendered to the Jesuits, the old provincial im =seines aid privileges destroyed, the recent decree faspectieg the organisation of justice has been inch, that even lictisludese , did not think it consistent with the little liberalism that was in him to remain in such a government. He has resigned. The r:viroe of the Austrian empire has in fact been assimilated to that of Russia, and by so doing it has retrograded a °eatery. It is nun an unmitigated military aid re ligious despotism. Notwithstanding this assimilation of Vienna to St. Petersburg it was still thought that the victorious Powers wouldinot altogether treat the rest of G. r many like Poland. Teat the old Diet would be re stored was, indeed, inevitable • but thin it was hoped that the basis would be widened, that concessions would be made to the spirit of the age, thst some guarantee 0/ fairness, s ime hope of improvement, would be held out. Nothing of the kind. Tne hetman of a horde of euersetce, who had taken possession of Frankfurt in a b. I t and sudden caused, could not have proceeded to reconstitute the German Diet with more ignorance, more passion, more petty vindictive ness, acd more cross stupidity, than the Russian and Austrian statesmen have dictated at Dresden. Nut but that the rule of their conduct has been simple. It is this: Strike out from the powers to be represented in the council of the Diet all those who have offended Austria; turn out all the independent princes, or lump them together so as to reader their vote sun; and emceeing° all power in the great powers, or in the four kings. Absorb, reduce, and deetroy the protestant and the German interest, in the Me, making the catholic and the non-German influence predominate. la the old Diet there were two councils, a smaller and a larger one. The latter, however, was so cum bersome to unite, that all business and political influ ence wss,conflne d tuithe smaller council, which in fact was, as at will be, the Diet. This was composed of 17 votes, of which Austria and Prussia bad etch one,' the four kingdoms of Bavaria, NV erte mburg, Saxony, and Demmer rich one. So had Baden, Hues Elec torate, Hesse lhermstadt, holstein, and Luxemburg. Bronswiek and NAMIIIII had a vote. Toe decal courts of Sasony tied their vote, so the Mecklenburg*, Olden berg, and Sewartzburg; and the free cities had a vote. _ . . The reorganisation of the Diet by SeIIWARZENII6IO sweeps clean the. whole of western Germany out et the haat influence in the Diet. Austria and Prussia with each two votes, and the four kings with one each, constitute, in fact, the Diet ; bet three vote, more being allowed, sad these three divided amongst the lesser powers, in such a way as they cannot possibly use them. Baden is nearly se large as Wartemburg ; Baden and the two Hems see twice as large as Wurtemburg ; but Wur tensbarg thee a vote, whilst Baden and the two Hewes are lomped together to form a vote. Three three countries constitute the states of the Osman territory along the lthine and the French frontier. These princes and populations ought, for obvious rename, to be chiefly interested in the strength, dignity, and concord of the new German confederation. But, lo! they are left out, treated as of no notice, their princes mediatited, as far as German politics go, and their people disfranchised, for the Frankfort Diet, in which they have no voice, can control or crash their every progress. It ware not p.wsbie to iavent • 'Tates which should so completely tern over the better and western portion of Germany to France sa thie scheme. As to llolataio, Luxemburg, and the fres cities of Frankfort and Hamburg, they are flung clean out of the confederation ; so are Brunswick and Nassau. The Saxe Coburgs and Gotha, in the centre of Germecy ere linked to the Mecklenburg& iu the north—tied, in feet, as faggots so so to preclude any commas will or motive. AU these powers have entered their solemn protest. They see clearly that this political spoliation is to be followed by • Polonisation—that is, a division of wes tern Germany amongst its meters potentates. It might not be so difficult to get rid of the princes, if the people were interested in the change, but on the contrary, the princes are to be proscribed, as in Poland, merely for the sake of enslaving the people. When we add to this, that the advantages and ascendancy allotted to the four kings are given to them personally, not to their countries, for their courts are all at variance with their chambers, and with all classes of their population—and, in truth, they accepted their power from Russia and from Austria, solely on the condition of nullifying and putting down the constitution and the freedom of their people—we leave any impartial person to de cide how fair sad wise, or how likely to be durable is such a re-organization of Germany ea this. Never iudeed, save ;the great example of Poland, do we recollect an instance of brute form being so nakedly applied in dealing with the affairs of a great nation. The kings and statesmen of the congress of ' 1814 have been considered sufficiently despotic, and grudgingly constitutional; but ALESANDU and MET TIMMS were men of extreme liberality compared with the Niceousits and the 9 .• —IIWAKZENBUItOs ; the Russians would not have been mad enough then to treat Germany like Poland, were the Germans base enough to Suffer it. Germany, however, so far iLtfers from Poland, that there is at least one of its great powers that cannot be made altogether absolutist in its policy, or despotic is its administration. And this power can alone offer any effectual resistance to the new Frankfort Diet. This power is Prussia. It has succumbed, indeed, and purchased peace, by • complete surrender of every liberal cause or principle beyond its frontier. Prim sia, too, will be in a minority in the new Diet, Austria, with the four kings, having six votes, constitute the majority. So that the five allies of Bregens have got all the allies of Erfurt in their pocket. Bet how Mr is this power to extend and le be ezeratietp' Is the Diet to overrule the constitution and admi n istration of otter Matte? Is the Moots, of Hama not to gnat a otmetitution, or the Ling et THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, JANUARY 27, 1 ij o liat tot imoiosolld to b a oithefoce or this &her. F hhtd of thi risloglons, and driven not a to the oil sanctuary. And fear works *query Leith the politician, sad would tell tremen donsly, were any political question opened that had any referent* to abstract or fandamental principles. Were we in times when appeals to divine right and invocations of passive obedience had still some no velty left in them, we would not want for ST. JOHNS more than for SACHEVERELS. Fortunately the chill that has come over liberalism, and the reaction in favour of conservatism, do not assume shape in actual legislation ; they are contented to remain passive, and be contented with pooh-poohing and strangling liberal efforts of advanoe, without embarking, like the French, on any measure of absolute reaction. It is from a clear discernment of these phenomena of the times, this close and necessary study of the wind and tide of public opinion, that we see the great organs of the press steering all their courses diffe rent from what they pursued in 1847. We see journals of decided liberalism in that year now tacking as close to the wit.dward of ultra toryiam as well can be. And although there are organs, like ourselves , zealous for the extension of the franchise, and every national popular right, they still see the utter inutility of preaching in the desert, or of haranguing a popular audience with either its eyes shut, or its tongue in its cheek. There are some good and wise folk, who call this treason on our part, but who, if they would bat put on their spectacles, would find it plain common sense. There is to be sure a natural jealousy in all candi dates for the national ear. The champion of free trade does not like to be bored with chartist's. The universal suffrage partizan thinks economical reforms so many sops to make the people slumber. At the Manchester meeting of Friday we heard little of the franchise, except from Mr. DYER, but a great deal 'brut the demerits of the press, in denouncing the supremacy of the POPS. It is difficult to please all parties, especially those who fondle pet opinions and who take sectarian views. But that public man, be he who he may, who really gets into the current of pub lic opinion, and who either directs or represents it, he may depend upon it that he will never be reduced either to make long excuses and explanations to his constituents, or to complain that there is not an I organ of the press upon whose support he can I reckon. FRANCE. PAWS. SATrRDLT EVENING. There is a general disposition to regard the new Nlessage of the President u a defiance, instead of what it claims to be—a profession of conciliation towards the Assembly. On all hands one hears nothing but declarations that war is now declared between the two powers. The funds experienced, notwithstanding the artificial a'tempts made to keep up the quotations of yesterday, a sensible fall. . . - A supplement to the Mon ileur appeared last night, which confirmed officially the list which I sent you of the new ministers. Much attention has been excited by the language used by the official journal in usher ing the new cabinet to the knowledge of the public. It says " Variou, parliamentary combinations has ing been tried in vain, the President of the Republic has appointed a ministry of transition, compored as fol lows." This statement is, in fact, the presidential message expressed in two words, and upon it issue will be joined between the two powers. The Assembly will, in the first place, insist upon the most distinct explanations being furnished, in order to decide whether tie efforts made by the President to form a parliamentary ministry were serious, and such as could by any possibility have been attended with any result but failure. In the next place the government will be called upon to explain what is meant by a ministry of transition. Transition to what ? And during how long ? Until answers of a satisfactory kind can be given on these two heads the situation will evidently be one of aggravated conflict. The tore of the press generally is very hostile to the government, and the message is generally accused of professing more conciliation than appears in the acts of the President. I add what 1 have been able to gather of the ante cedents of them obscure ministers. M. Wayne, Minister of the Interior, son of a mer chant at Marseilles, was an attorney in that city when the Revolution of July 1830 broke out. lie was shortly after appointed counseiller de prefecture and secretary-general of the department of the liouches du-Rhone. He attached himself to the family of General I/anvil:omit, killed so unfortunately at the Siege of Constantine. He became subsequently sob peeled, and then prefect of the Pyrenixa-Orientales, and finally director of civil affairs in Algeria, under the government of the Duke of Aumale. Since the Revolution of February he has been appointed prefect of the Nord, from which post he has just been with drawn to assume the direction of the Ministry of the Interior. M. Wayese poses for an able adminis trator. His advancement, however, is mainly due to the interest of the Danremout family, which is nearly connected with that of General Baragruiv d'Hilliers. M. Brinier, Minister of Foreign gff.iire, was long second secretary of embassy at London, consul at Warsaw, and consul genersi at Leghorn. In 1847 he succeeded his father in the direction of the department of accounts in the Ministry of Foreign M. de Germiny, Minister of Finance, is the son in-law of M.liumann, former Minister of Finance. Ile has been prefect of the S. ine-et-Maroe, and stood for a seat in the Chamber of Deputies at the elections of 1842 in opposition to M. Drouyn de Lhasa, to replace the Duke of Prulin, who bad just been appointed peer of France. M. de Ger mioy failed, and was sent to Rouen as reoeiver general, which poet he still occupied • few days ago. He rebuilt the Quartier .Martainville at Rouen. M. de Royer, Minister of Justice, was made Pro cureur-Geniaal of the Court of Appeal of Paris on the advancement of M. Baroche to the poet of Minister of the Interior. M. de Royer owed hie promotion on that occasion to his exertions as advocate-general under Baroche at the trials of the High Court at Versailles. M. Mayne, Minister of Public Works, was wader secretary of state for the financial depart ment weer the ministry of M. Achille Fould. He accepted in the cabinet which was broken up by the vote of the 18;h inst. the poet which he still holds in the present government, and is the only minister who has kept his place. M. Valliant, Minister of Marine, is an admiral who commanded a division of the French fleet on the coast of Italy during the Roman expedition. General Hendon, Minister of War, commanded four months ago the military division whose headquarters are at Metz. At the time when General Ditumayer was dismissed, and when the project was conceived of splitting the command of the army of Paris into three divisions, and was in fact submitted by General D'Hautpoul to the council of ministers, General Ran don was summoned by telegraph from Metz, and General Carrelet from Marseilles. The latter suc ceeded General Nenmayer; and it was thought that General Hendon would, have taken the post vacated by d'Hautpoul. His name, for the rest, has figured throughout the late crisis as a likely candidate for the place to which he has at length been appointed. M. Giraud, Minister of Public Instruction, formerly professor of law, is member of the Institute, and of the Superior Council of Public Instruction. M. Schneider, Minister of Agriculture and Com merce, was appointed deputy in the place of his bro ther, who was killed by • full from horseback, and sat several years in the Chamber without giving, by his speeches or votes, any distinct idea of his political opinions. Since the revolution of February M. Schneider has lived retired from political life, super intending the direction of the Iron Works of Creme. The sitting of the Assembly today was calm. All the new ministers were present, with the exception of Admiral Valliant. It was singular to see occupy ing the ministerial bench eight functionaries, nearly all of whom were personally entirely unknown to the Assembly, and not one of whom belonged to it. Although the Presidency of the Council is in abey ance, it is evident that the tongue of the new mint is NL Royer, whose !agate pleadings forme r ly h eard in the High Court of Versailles, as Advocate-General seder M. &troche, won him the shoes of that legal fanctionary when he was called from the post of Pro menr-General of Paris to be Minister of the Interior. M. Deemousseaux de Gine attempted to raise an incident with reference to the report of the sitting of yesterday. He maintained that according to the terms of the ennatitation, the message ought to have been countcrsignad by a minister; that it contained things which could not have been written by the President. Bat the incident was suffered to drop, and the pads verbal adopted. Interpellations demanded by M. Hovyn-Tran shire upon the formation of the cabinet, and accepted immediately by the government, were fixed for Mon y. da Other interpellat ions, addressed by M. d'Adelsvraard to the Minister of War, relative to the execution of the law of 1848, and the 32nd article of the con stitution, in what concerns the troops destined to secure the safety of the Assembly, are adjourned for six months. General Ghatgarnier was the first to rise for the adjournment, and was imitated by all the majority. The Mountain only voted against. The rest of the sitting was occupied with the hearing of the report on petitions. It was uuderstood that the main object of the in terpellations of M. Hovyn-Tranchere would be to bring the minisery to declare that it would not consent to hold office, even as a ministry of transition, with out the concurrence of the Assembly. The sitting broke up without any further incident. The announcement of the interpellatiocs, fixed for Monday, seemed to have c insiderable effect at the Bourse, and a fall set in which ended by carrying down the Fives 35 centimes below the closing price of yesterday. SUNDAT EVENING. The appearance of the new ministers in the As tenably has disappo i nted the expectations of many who applauded the design attributed to the Pre sident to govern in the American fashion, and keep the members of the cabinet work ing like clerks in their closets, inaccessible to the interpellstione and badgering of the legis lative body. fhe President, say these, had it in his power to effect a useful reform by annulling the political character of the ministers, and giving them a purely administrative function. As it is, he has only exchanged second-rate men for third rate men, and planted himself in a position exposed to the fire of the Assembly, with the weakest possible means of defence. From orators the President has stooped to advocates, and now from advocates to clerks. If we ere to judge of the issue of the combat which is to be deliverel to-morrow by the eager animation of the assailants, and the warlike tone of their conversation in the couloira, the execu tive power will have little reason to be satis fied with the first results of the new ex. pedient to gain time. Nevertheless, there was no faint-heartedness visible yesterday in the eight new occupants of the ministerial bench. MM. Mon talembert, Dariste, Everiste Bevoux, were observed applying to them, assiduously throughout the sitting, words of encouragement and cmigra , ulation. The partisans of MM. Thiers and Berryer recent bitterly what they term an ironical, disdainful, tone of pro vocation in the message, clothed in plausible forms of conciliation. The object of M. Ilovyn-Tranchi2re'eintsrpellations being to prove that the President never made any serious attempt to form a parliamentary ministry, MM. 'isnot and Leon Faucher will have to explain from the tribune the nature of the overtures made to them. The former is unwell, and the latter not dis posed to disable himself for office by attacking the President. M. Hovyn-Tranctere is a representative of the Gironde, belonging to the majority, but of no marked political importance. M. Thiele moves bun forward on this occasion as a pawn. He has an extremely feeble voice,' and will probably confine his part to opt ning an arena for speakers of greater power to grapple with the new government. As the object of the interpellation is to guard the Assembly in the face of France against what its champions term the insidious misrepresenta tions of the President, the opposition will be more explanatory than aggressive, and it is pretty certain that all violent measures, such as motived orders of the day condemning the message, addresses to the President, and the like, will be rejected. The majority were yesterday somewhat &soon ceded by the readiness with which the gauntlet thrown down by M. HovynsTranthere was picked up by MM. Magna, de Royer, and General Itandon. The government wanted the fray to come off at once. But the absence of MM. Thiers, Dofaure, and Odilon Barrot would have rendered such a mo ment highly unseasonable for the opposition. There fore, by • tresh coalition of the Right and Left, they succeeded in adjourning the interpellation till Kin- day. 'file National attempts to incense the democratic party against the new ministers, by citing instances of the rigorous administration of M.Waysse, and fierce threats of Gen. ltandon against the soeialists. Some trait is served up out of the biography of each to stamp their as men of reaction. The report is once more in circulation about the ' President resorting to a national subscription instead of a dotation-bill, fur the funds necessary to hie po sition. MADRID, JAW. 21.—Three per Cents., 34 15-16; after Boles, 34; to 15.16 cuh, 35 paper. Four per Cents., 13. Fare per CAUL, 131; after BoU, 131 pap. r, 131 cub. Coupons 71 ; after Bolas, 73 cash. Paulus, 41: atter Bolos, 4 1 16 cult. Bank of St. Ferdinand, 96 paper. Exchange on London, 50.65. ITALY. PIEDMONT. TURIN, JAN. 21.—The Chamber of Deputies, after a debate which has lasted from the 17th inst., has adopted by a majority of 98 votes against 31 the bill imposing a tax upon property held by the tenure of mortmain. An exception in favour of asylums for children was upon the motion of M. Michelini ad ntitted by the ministry and adopted by the chamber. ROME, JAN. 20. The Tuscan government has authorised a company of speculators to commence the necessary surveying operations fur a new line of railway from Siena to the Papal frontier, between Citta della Pieve and the Lake of Thrasymene. The plans are to be presented and the line granted within the year. When this branch is completed, in connexion with that from Pistoja, through I'orretta, to Lombardy, a great por tion of Italy will be bound in one great chain of iron communication, and, unless the Papal government makes haste to establish the line from Bologna through Ancona to Rome,ite rivals will have the com mercial game entirely in their own hands. In this country, however, the re-establishment of old roads appears to have more interest than the formation of new ones, and, whilst Tuscany is publishing plane of new railway contracts, the Roman official journal solemnly puts forth a list of the ancient inscrip tions and sepulchral fragments discovered along the Appian Way, during the excavations made there by order of the Minister of Public Works. No doubt the treasures of R)me consist greatly in her antiqoi. ties, but it is not necessary to renounce the improve ments of modern science because Rome was once the mistress of the world. His Holiness has enriched the Vatican library with a valuable collection of Papal coins, gold, silver, and copper. This series, which commences with Pope Gregory HI. in the year 731, and concludes with the re4ro of Gregory XVI., for merly belonged to the Rasponian collection, but was purchased io 1835 by Doctor Bali, who considerably increased it, and from whom the Pope recently bought it, to place amongst the treasures of the Vatican. The marriage of the Marquis Campans with Miss Rowles was celebrated this morning by Cardinal Mai, who pronounced the nuptial blessing and exhortation with due unction. A party of the e lite of Roman and English society were invited for the occasion, and Colonel Caldwell and the Hon. Mr. Nicol acted as bridesmen, or witnesses, according to the catholic rite. The happy pair start for Frascati forthwith, to pass the honeymoon in the marquis's villa. On their re turn to Rome they will take up their residence in the aptly-named Sposino Palace, in the Via del Babbuino, which will be henceforth denominated the Campana Palace, and will receive the whole of the marquis's invaluable collection of Etruscan antiquities. The uncertain state of affairs in Paris has increased the price of silver here, and raised the exchange upon London from 465 to 470. Other foreign exchangesin a like ratio. BRITISH NORTH MIRRICA.—A few days ago we asked in what manner had the Colonial-office enter tained the measures submitted to them by the agent from Nova Scotia? We are glad to have it to an- nounce, on good authority, that the whole case of that colony has only been brought under Lord Grey's notice by the Hon. Joseph Howe within the last fortnight; that it embraces several questions of great ituportsnoe; and that it is now under consideration with every prospect of a !evolvable result. Paresis not to give an electeeniarive withesit permission of the Diet ? MANTIMMIL, has given, everything but this, and give. ap‘,,thrp he would. doubt, for he owns no God • but - liar. B4tArtil And it ads to do so ? F. this great and last topolve we must wait. From the continued attacks of the SCHWARZEN BERG organ, the Times, upon Finish", we should argue that Austria is not quite content with Prussia's submission. There is still some hitch. The Prus sian court does not bear the political knout with resignation, and therefore the Austrian organs, which one should think might be more mag nanimous towards an bumbled foe, continue to insult and spit upon Prussia and its King. We do not, for our own part, feel at all disposed to defend the Prussian court, especially against the slanders of that party with which it has leagued. We would merely hint, that no writer, really acquainted with the true state of things and persons at Berlin, would at present abed unnecessary insults on FREDERICK Wamax. But what the Times said on Friday of Prussia and its institutions is uttered in such complete ignorance or contradiction of facts, that we must ex pend a sentence in correcting them. The Times represents the Prussian system as essen tially despotic in throe minor details in which it argues that the Austrian regime is to be preferred. sow, with respect to "minor details," let us remark : That Prussia has enjoyed municipal government for upwards of furty years, its civic authorities being elected by the householders since 1808; whereas in Austria and Bavaria there are no authorities, muni cipal or otherwise, except those nominated by govern. m -e at. Prussia, moreover, since 1823, has had provincial councils, also elected by the people, with large in fluence as the provincial administration, such as exists no where on the continent, except in Belgiem and These are the "minor details " of the Prussian sys tem, which, if permanently completed by the parliamentary system, cannot but lead to the political education and emancipation of the peopl e who enjoy them. Petunia has certainly f ailed in achieving anything for Germany during • tentative of three years. lier middle and intelligent classes and statesmen have not been able to keep down the fury of the mob with one hand, and conci liate the despotic lords of a million of soldiers with the other. If the GAGERNS and the Aateires and the Itsnowurzes have failed in this, it is that they have had obstacles to encounter such ss neither PYM and HAMPDEN, nor SOMERS and GODOLPHIN, nor yet WALPOLE knew. The task of regene- ratirg and emancipating Germany was • gi- gentle one, and remains a gigantic one. Popular Germany and princely Prussia have alike failed in it. But there are still strong elements in both for re ' miming the task, and renewing the struggle. We have no durable prejudice or party tie that would prevent us even now from appreciating and doing justice to any fair effort of Austria to reconsti tute Germany in accordance with its tine interests, and with the spirit of the age. We have even refrained from comments in the hope that some little fairnees of spirit, some particle of liherality would show itself at Dresden. But no; every scheme is redolent of Wa saw, every act is a ukase, every official argument breathes the insolence of autocracy. That any sensible continental statesman could imagine that Germany could be solidly conso lidated, and the peace of Europe preserved by such mere clanking of sabres and fetters is beyond belief. And yet it is more marvellous that English journalists in the middle of the nineteenth century should be found to devote their pens to as apotheosis of such genpid despotism and dull brutality. MANCHESTER is in the habit of bolding a brief parliamentary session in Jaruary, in order to test its popular sentiment, as well as to expose and ventilate the political ideas and views of its chiefs, previous to their votes and voices being merged in that Babel of conflicting interests and pieties at Westminster. There can be no more important or interesting baro meter to consult than three several meetings of the great manufacturing capital, some for instituting protests and defence+ against Rowe, some for making light of them, some for deprecating agitation, for devising and insisting upon material and intellectual improvement, for procaringlhe great raw material of national as well as local manufactures, for opining libraries for the working classes, for seeking how to induce them to educate their children, and how to make religious zeal an assistance, not an obstacle, to so great a purpose. The moat important of these sittings or meetings, if net in aim, at least in its character and indication, • was that of Friday, at which the members for the borough and for the neighbouring West Riding spoke at length upon the complexion of the times, upon its priucapal events, upon the triamphe and failings, the hopes and fears, of the liberal party. The key-note of the meeting was evidently struck by Mr. Bsta, a veteran of proverbial shrewdness and sagacity, well skilled to read the age, and cmura geo•s enough to say aloud what he beheld. Mr. DYER very plainly informed his friends that political effervescrces had gone down, that agitation wee at • discount, that the Helorm Bill had, to his mind, pro duced very few and unsatisfactory results ; but that, nevertheless, the reform party, Instead of growing stronger, was but stationary in the House of Com mons, and could not master more talent or more votes than it could halt a century ago Whes George the Third was king. Ws regret much not having a better report of Mr. DYER'. sp.ech, which seemed to accuse the Man chester reformers of lukewarmness, of not appealing to the thoroughly popular interests, or extending the franchise, acd, in tact, attribatimg the present syncope of radicalism to the feet of middle-claas and lower-elan agitators having been kept apart and prevented from givicg mutual warmth and impalas to sack other. All the speakers present met this boulade from the mouth of Mr. Dean by a recapitulation of the m4hty things that had been done in Manchester, by I *tun of the immense changes wrought, not merely in legislation, but in social and political habits; the revolution in commercial principles and laws; the pacific and economic policy forted upon the government; and the great improvement and advance in liberalism made by all parties in the House of Commons, so that if the thorough radicals were not observed to pm the num ber of 100, it was that the majority or portions of the majority stole from the reeleds their principles and their political capital, bit by bit, as they became available, and thus that their liberal ideas were pro- ' pirated and made to prevail, even by those who not only did not profit by them, but who had not even the honour or the name of rendering them triumphant. Mr. BRIGHT and his brother politicians admitted indeed the fact of there being a lull" at present. It was, however, according to him, but the pause of a man, who relaxes efforts, in order to reflect how he may beet and most efficiently renew them. This " lull" was accounted foe by some as arising from the prevalence at present of religious controversy, wineh absorbed all other topics of interest. Mr. GIBSON seemed inclined to fling the blame upon the press. Mr. COBDEN thought it needless to be so very anxious about keeping public feeling up to a continued state of incandescence. He foe his part had done his duty by steadily pur ening certain aims and questions since the great triumph of corn law repeaL These aims had been partially attained, and neither time nor energy had been thrown away or missipplied. Satisfied fully, therefore, with his success, NIL COBDEN was for the silent and solid gains, leaving the achievements of (clot to those who more desired them. In all these different assertions and arguments, much truth as there may be, there still remains the great fact of there being, not merely a "lull" in liberal enthusiasm, but a very great and sensible re scion in the general aspect of political hope, and tone of :political opinion. The events of 1848, there cannot be a doubt, have had a most un toward effect. These events, with still sur viving consequences in France and elsewhere, have alarmed ail the higher ranks, and all the pro pertied classes, and driven the large mass of those, who were before indifferent on i echoed to liberal tendencies, to speak, act, and lean in a contrary direction. The fear of the ascendancy and domination over the middle and upper classes by the people, a thin g t o b e scoute d in 1847 as an impossibility, was realised a ye ar l ater in such a way as that every Englishman beheld the nature, the foundation, and the results of such a revolution. There is no denying, no use in cozzcalicg the effect. Thousands upon theusar.ds of persons, who were liberal ia religion, liberal GERMANY. The German papers are almost exclusively occu• pied with the Zollverein question and the Aus trian proposition for a Zoll Union. The l'rus sian government seems to be fully alive to the importance of bringing the North Sea states into the Verein, and of rejecting the Austrian project. But a treaty of commerce for six years with Austria, assuring a free transit, and the free exchange of raw materials, she seems disposed to enter into. Further, all parties are convinced she will not go. It is regarded as a good token of her temper on this subject, that Mr. Henning, a free trader, is to attend the Zia congress at Weisbaden, instead of M. Dulbruck. Austria, on the other hand, is making great efforts to gain proselytes. Oar Dresden correspondent writes: DRESDEN, Luc. 23. The governments of Austria and Prussia have agreed to re-establish a provisional central power, fur the purpose of evading or crushing all revolutionary attempts in Germany which might ensue on an out break in France, or a civil war in Switzerland. The fears of the Austrian government that either of these occurrences might again shake the stability of the edifice which they have reconstructed with so much labour and bloodshed, induced them to make a pro visional concession to Prussia of the expediency of a dualistic organ in the confederation. The new pro visional central organ is to be composed of Austrian and Prussian commissioners, in the same manner as the provisional government, which expired in May, 1850. These commissioners are, however, to possess greater powers than their predecessors, and are to have the immediate disposal over an army of 130,000 men. This plan was discussed between the two ministers on their last meeting here, has since then been matured, and has been laid before the pleniootentiaries, whose ap proval it has received, and it is now going the round of the governments, whose sanction is naturally ex pected. The organisation and installation of this authority will enab:e the plenipotentiaries assembled here to discuss, sift, and elaborate at tilt it leisure, and eaves them from the predicament into which the Vienna conferences of 1813 were forced by the sudden flight of Napoleon from Elba. The prospect of a speedy settlement of the German question thus seems to be again postponed, for to many of the plenipotentiaries the temptations of a spring and summer residence in Dresden, with double pay and " Dieten " (expenses) will prove too great to be easily overcome. Both Manteuffel and Schwarzenberg are, it is said, to return here by the end of next week, and they will very probably stir up the minor satellites at present here to a little greater activity. The second commission meets to-day again. The question now before it is a proposition made by the plenipotentiary of Bavaria that among the list of ques tions to be decided by a majority of votes in the Plenum and Engere Itath, there shall be included " consump tion taxes." These are the taxes levied in each state on meat, bread, and all articles of household consump tion. Bavaria proposes that they should be levied wording to the same fixed rate throughout the whole of Germany. lu the first commission the opposition of the small states to the proposed diminution of the number of vo Cain the Engere Rath has not yet been overcome, and its meetings therefore present no new feature. The congress of the Zollverein, adjourned from Grssel, will really meet at Wiesbaden. Prussia in sists on it, and the day has already been fixed. Several of the plenipotentiaries have already arrived at Wiesbaden. The government of Saxony has suddenly changed its mind, and has determined, at the last moment, to despatch a representative to the congress. The Bavarian government will very I probably follow this example, seeing that hitherto those two governments have acted tooth( r with an accord that is really surprising. It is not improbable that Prussia will at this congress propose that the commercial treaties contained in the Austrian plan, and recommended in the Bavarian and Saxon memo rials presented to the conference the other day, shall be agreed to, but, at the same time, that the duties levied under the tariff of the Zollverein shall undergo a reduction of a very material nature. Some step of this kind is anticipated as a counter move to the Austrian. JAN. 24. The Third ermati , rion met yesterday, but owing to the abaenee of the majority of the Sachverstandige, the sitting was adjourned till the end of the month. A sub-commission, however, was appointed for the purpose of receiving proposals in reference to federal legislation on trade, commerce, navigation, &c. This sub-commission will sit daily. PRUSSIA. It would stun that Manteuffel has no intention of yielding to the allurements of Austria in reference to a protective tariff union. On this subject a corre spondent of the Cologne Gazette aye : It is important to notice that the government is working with all its might to form a union with the North German Stcuerverein. Heir Vun fdanteutfel has rernatked that the adoption of the Austrian prop Ira!' would be the nu:dieters tion of Prussia and the loss of the political influence obtained at so muck pine by the astabtisbment of the 7,llveririn; whilst at the same time the wtlf..re of the country renders a commercial estenbion to the ncrth necessary. The present tariff arrangements will gradually be revised, and further steps towards tree Inds taken. _ Ili addition to this assurance, we have the fact positively announced that the protectionist minister Von der Heydt has definitively resigned, seeing the impossibility of holding his place any longer. The nomination of his successor may, therefore, be imme diately expected. The Deutsche Reform, in an article on the 'Loll Union of Germany, takes decidedly the free trade side. It recommends Prussia first to secure a union with the North German Sttuerverein, before she thinks of deliberating even on the Austrian project of a gradual equalisation of tariffs. A letter from Berlin in the Cologne Gazette also says: The invitations to the Wiesbaden Z )11Terein Conferences, under the date of the 15:h instant, have, I hear, been sent to the different governments. In the last cabinet council the Zlllverein question was the prominent subject. Particular instrumiom thereupon have been sent to Count Alvensleben which are directly opposed to the Austrian plan. General Radowitz has returned from his mission to England. He is at present in Charlottenburg. He will remain only a few days at court. A telegraphic despatch from Berlin of Friday, Jan. 24, says : " The French ambassador has been summoned by telegraph to Paris. He starts on the evening of this day." AUSTRIA. We have Vienna news of the 23nd instant. It was reported that the minister of justice, Von Schmerliug, had resumed office, the differences be tween him and his colleagues having been adjusted. Count Than his so urgently demanded his recal from Frankfort, that if it is not granted be will, it is thought, send in his resignation. The troops stationed in Bohemia are to be re duced to two divisions. The army in that province will, after the reduction, be no more than 30,000 strong. SAXONY. An addition to the of Saxony is thus mentioned by the Saxon Constitutionnelk Zitung of the 21st inst.: A new law kas jut been promulgated under the title of "Certain Penal &solutions in especial Reference to the Opposition Prue." The resolutions are chiefly these : Any one who verbally, or by writing, or by pictorial represent.- trans, shall incite any one to disobey the laws or magiste rial regulations, or to refuse the payment of lawfully existing taxes and impositions, shall be puni s hed with imprisonment for one year. The same punishment will be inflicted on any one who shall in any pnblicetion endeavour to bring into contempt the institution of marrisge, of the family, of pro perty, or the existing constitution of the state, or tramp, Mons whicli the law acknowledges as honourable or service able, or persons employed in them. The bth article we give verbally: " Any criticism /evenly, of blame on any official communication is punieltable, let, when any imagination is exercised, or any ingenuity in stating the facts; end 2nd, when thereby motive ere supposed which may expose the public authorities to the hatred or contempt of the people. The punishment (or the crime is one year's, or, if it should be committed by public spraeing to an assembled multitude, two years', impnsonment." Bzeux, JAN. 25.—Voluntary Lou. 1061 ; New Loan, Four and a-Helf per Cents., 100; Netioaal Debt, 841; Com mercial Marine Society's Premium,;l27 ; Bank Shares, 951. VIENNA, Jaw. 24.—Fivel per Cent. Metalliques, 941; Four-aad-a-Half per Cents., ditto, 821. Bank Shane, 1136. Exchange on London. 12.39. ADMIRALTY, J.tx. 25.—APPOINTMENTO.—Second Muter James Waye, to the Calitope. Assistant-Samson J. S. Argent, to the Queen. Acting Assistant-Surgeon James Young, M D , to the Ountberland. Oink F. J. Robins, to the KR JOHN FRANKLLN. Despatches have been received at the Admiralty' from Captain Kellett, C. 8., of her Majesty's ship Herald, dated " At Sea, the 14th of October, 1850," on his return from Behring's Straits. The Herald had communicated with her Majesty's ship Plover, on the 10th of July, at Chemise° Island, where the Plover had passed the preceding winter. The two ships pro ceeded to the northward until they sighted the pack toe, when the Herald returned to Cape Lisburne, in quest of Captain Collinson's expedition, and on the 31st fell in with her Majesty's ship Invewigator, which had made a surprisingly short passage of twenty-six days from the Sandwich blends. Tile Herald remained craising off Cape Lisburne, and again tell in with the Plover on the 13th of August, on her return from Point Barrow, Commander Moore having coasted in his boats, and minutely examined the several inlets as far as that point horn Icy Cape, without gaining any intelligence of the missing expe dition. Commander Moore and his boat's crew had suffered severely from exposure to cold. Captain Kellett, having fully victualled the Plover, ordered her, to winter in Orantley Harbour (her former anchorage at Chamisso Island rot being considered safe), and then returned to the southward, on his way to England. Despatches have also been received from Captain Collinson, C. 11., of her Majesty'. ship Enterprise, and Commander M'Clure, of her Majesty's ship Investiga tor, of which the following are copies : " Her Majesty's ship Enterprise, " Port Clarence, Sept. 13, 1850. "Sir,—l have the honour to transmit an account of the pro ceedings of her Majesty's ship under my command since leaving Oahu, on the 30th of June. " Bring delayed by light winds we only reached the west ern end of the Aleutian Chain by the 29th of July, and made the island of St. Lawrence on the 11th of August, from whence I shaped a course for Cope Lisburne, in antici pation of falling in with the Herald or the Plover. Not, however, seeing either of these vessels, and finding nothing deposited on shore, I went on to Wainwright Inlet, the last rendezvous appointed. Here we communicated on the 15th, and being alike unsuccessful in obtaining any information I stood to the north, made the ice the following morning, and reached the latitude 72 deg. 40 min. N. in the meridian of 159 deg. 30 min. W. without serious obstruction. Here, however, the pack became so close that it was impossible to make way in any direction except to the southward. Having extricated our stlves by noon on the 19th, we continued to coast along the edge of the main body, which to k a south-easterly trend, running through the loose streams, so as not to lose sight of tight pack. At 4 a.m. on the 20th we were in the meridian of Feint Barrow, and 29 miles to the north of it, when we found open water to the N.E , is which we sailed, without losing sight of the ice to the north until the moving of the 21st, when we were obstructed by a heavy barrier trending to the S.W. A thick fog coming on, we made a board to the north, in order to feel the peek edge in the upper part of the bight, and not to leave any part unex plored. Having satisfied myself that no opening existed la this direction, wet bore away to the south, running through heavy floes closely pocked, and pushing to the eastward when as opportunity offered. In this, however, we were unsuccessfal, being compelled to plume a westerly course, the fl es being very brag and hummocks. By 8 p.m. we were within 30 miles of the lend, end having clear weather, c nild see the me closely packed to the south, that felt no doubt in my mind that a stop was put to our proceeding in this direction, by the ice butting so clomp on the shoal coast as to leave no chances that our pregress along it would juloily the attempt to reach Cape Bathurst, a distance of 570 miles, during the remaining portion of this meson, aid finding this opinion was coitefided in by those officers on hoard qualified to form an opinion on the subject, I oetermined to lose no time la communicating with Point Barrow, hut to attempt the passage further north, in hopes that the lane of water teen last ye .r by the Herald and Plover would afford me an opening to the eastward. I therefore reluctantly proceeded again to the west, and turning the pack edge 15 miles further to the south than it was on the day after we lett Wainwright Inlet, we followed the edge of a loose pack greatly broken up until we reached 163 deg. W. longitude, when it took a sudden turn to the north, in which direction we followed it until the morning of the 27th, when we were in latitude 73 deg. 20 min., and found the pack to the westward trending southerly. I therefore plied to the eastward, endeavouring to make way, but such was i , s close condition that we could not work, although we might have warped through had the condition of the ice in that direction afforded us any hope ; but ttie, I am sorry to say, was not the case, and, on the contrary, the further we entered the larger the floes became, leaving us in thick wea ther, often in great ditheuli where to lied a lane. Oa the 29th, the thermometer having fallen to 28 dig., and there being no prospect of our being able to accomplish anything towards ,he fulfilment of their lordships' instructions this season, I bore away for Point Hope, where I arrived on the 31st, and found a bottle deposited by the fiend i, which informed me that it was intended to place the Plover in Orantley Harbour this season. I accordingly proceeded thither, with the view of taking her place for the winter and enabling Commander Moore to recruit his ship's company by going to the south ward. On my arrival I found her inside preparing her winter quarters, and having ex in.ined and buoyed the bar, I attempted to take this vessel inside, but failed in doing so, owing to the change of wind from south to north having rethced the depth of water lour feet, arid had to relieve the ship of 100 tons, which was quickly done by the opportune arrival of the Herald, before she was released from a very critical position. The tides being irregular, the rise and fall depending principally on the wind, and that wind which occasions the highest mat* r troducing a swell on the bur, it became a question whether a considerable portion of the ensuing seams might not be last in getting the shin out of Orentley Harbour, and on consulting Captains Kellett and Moore, finding it to be their opinion, founded on the expe rience of two years, that the whalers coming from the south pass through the Straits early in June, whereas the harbours are blocked until the middle of July, 1 have come to the coneltedon that I shall better perform the important duty conlidi d in me by returning to the south, and rept*. nisbiog my provision., instead of wintering on the Asiatic shore, where there is not a prospect of cur being of the slightest area to the miming expedition. It is therefore my intention to proceed to Hong Kong, it being nearer than Valparaiso, and the cold season having set in, my stores and provisions will not be exposed to the heat of a double passage through the tropics; and as I shall not leave until the let of April, I may receive any further instructions their hardships may please to communicate. "The Plover has been stored and provisioned, and such of her crew as are not in a tit state to contend with the rigour of a further stay in these latitudes have been removed and replaced by Captain Kellett, and the paragraphs refer ring to her in my instructions " 1 have directed Commander Moore to communicate annually 11 iTab;lttid; 65 deg. 38m. N., and longitude 170 deg. 43as. W., which is much reverted to by the whalers, and where any communi cation their lordships may be pleased to send May be de posited by them, as they are rot in the habit of cruising on this side of the Straits; lad I have requested Captain Kel lett to forward to the Admiralty all tht information on this bead he may obtain at the Sandwich Islands. " It is my intention to proceed again to the north, and remain in the most eligible position fur affording assistance to the Investigator, which vessel having been favoured with a surprising passage from the Sandwich Islands, was fallen in with by the Herald, on 31st July, off Point Hope, and again on the 6th August by the Plover, in latitude 70 deg. 44m. N., and longitude 159 deg. 62m. W., when she was standing to the north under a prey' of sail, and is all probability reached the vicinity of Point Barrow 15 days previous to the Enterprise, when Captain BUClure, having the whole season before him, and animated with the determination so vividly expressed in his letter to Captain Kellett, has most likely takes the inshore route, and I hope before this period reached Cape Bathurst; but as he will be exposed to the imminent risk of being forced on a shoal shore, and com pelled to take to his boats, I shall not forsake the coast to the northward of Point Hope until the season is so far advanced as to insure their having taken up their winter quarters for this season. . " I have received trout my officers and ship's company that assistance and alacrity in the performance of their duty which the noble cause in which we are engaged must excite, and I have the satisfaction to report, that (under the blessing of God), owing to the means their lordships have supplied in extra clothing and provision., we are at present without a man on the sick list, notwithstanding the lengthened period of our voyage.—l have, &c., COLLINBON, Captain. " The Secretary of the Admiralty." " Her Majesty's discovery ship favettigator, " At Sea, lat. 51.26 N., Lnv. 172•35 W,, " July 20, 1850. " Sir,—As I have received instructions from Captain Col- C. 8., clear and uneTharrassing (a copy of which I inclose), to proceed to Cape Lisburne is tie belie of meeting him in that vicinity, so he anticipates being detained a day or two by the Plover in Kotzebue Sound, it is unnecessary to add that every exertion shall he made to reach that mi di:mut, but can scarce venture to hope that, even under very favourable circumstances, I shall be so fortunate as to accom plish it ere the Enterprise will have rounded that cape, as, from her superior sailing, she has hitherto beaten u by eight days to Cape Virgins, and from Magellan Straits to Oahu six. It is, therefore, under the probable case that this vessel may form a detached part of the expedition that I feel it my duty to state, fer the information of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, the coarse which, under such a contingency, I shall endeavour to pursue, and have to request that you will lay the same before their lord ' ships. " 1. After parsing Cape Lisburne, it is my intention to keep in the open water, which, from the different reports that I have read, appear, about this season of the year to make between the American coast and the main peek u far to the northward u the 130 deg. meridian, unlew a favourable opening should earlier appear in the ice, which Would lead me to infer that I might push more directly for Bank's Lard, which I thick is of the utmost importance to thoroughly examine. In the event of thus far succeeding, and the season continuing favourable for further operations, it would be my anxious desire to get to the northward of Melville Island, and resume our search along its shores and the islands adjacent as long as the navigation can be carried 00, and then secure for the winter in the most eligible position which offers. " 2.1 a like ensuing spring, as sion as it is practicable kw travelling puttee to start, l should despatch as many as the