The Express. — London, England, 1851-10-16 00:00:00

gite Or, roPS. TO CORRESPONDENTS. • levcd Wiles •t nee Espregs,* . costal* •be sae relives u•actte," le rah:irked creel Tamlay sad sight, ea uLLe toe past Sew tuvrorstrfistenacl tor "The Uprose,. Lade. Evening paper, mast re, at the t odic% lu, Boeveriweerese, if Two .'aleck a tie del v! pabaatioa. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDOB. TEN DAT—llormag, Sh. am. Aherne., SY. :Ms. Sh. 39‘. Aftereses, 62. Us. LONDON, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 10. respectfully declined by the Rio cabinet when ten dered to it by Mr. litivsoN, the English minister at that court. This refusal was, however, caused simply by the very different point of view . from which the Brazilian government regards the subject, contrasted with that it now suits Buenos Ayres to adopt ; not from any eagerness for war, or from any ambitious designs of territorial aggression on the hanks of the Plate. Mr. liunsost, it would appear, addressed by order of Lord PALMERSTON two formal notes to the govern ment of Brazil; one dated 12th March last, in which the attention of that government is recalled to the 18th article of the preliminary convention of peace concluded between Brazil and Buenos Ayres, on the 27th of August, 18'28: the other, under date of , March 21, wherein her MAJESTY'S government, as a common friend of both states, expressed on general grounds, and without reference to that con vention, a desire to contribute to the re conciliation of both parties. To both these notes the Rio cabinet immediately made as formal replies, in which the policy being pursued was dis tinctly avowed, and cause was shown why, in its opinion, the 18th article of the convention was wholly inapplicable to the existing state of things, and why it could not accept the proffered mediation between it andßuenos Ayres, without conceding a right on the part ' of the latter to interfere in the concerns of the Banda Oriental—a right in its judgment quite at variance with the very end and object of that con vention. As a knowledge of the position taken in these replica is indispensable to a correct comprehen sion of the question, the following may, we believe be regarded as a correct summary of those replies. The Brazilian government does not at all dewy that the convention of 1828, though meant to be a preliminary one only, is still in force; because us, definite treaty of peace has subsequently, as was in tended, been concluded between it and the Argen tine Confederation; and it admits that, should any rupture arise during any negotiations for such a treaty of peace, then, under the Pith article, it' would be bound to give the required notice to Great Britain of its intention to resume hostilities before recommencing war. lint it contends that, inasmuch as no negotiations for a definite treaty of peace have ever been opened, and as the questions now pending have no reference to such a treaty, the 18th article of the Preliminary Convention of 1828 is not ap• plicable to the present discussion. Moreover, it adds that the questions so pending between Brazil end Buenos Ayres are not such as to pro voke a war by it against that state, and that, in point of fact, Brazil has no ' intention of entering into hostilities on acecunt thereof; therefore, it is added, were even the article anlicable, Brazil is not bound to give that intima don hostilities which in truth it has no intention of renewing. Aud it is further observed, that, though the convention of 1828 was concluded under the auspices of Great Britain, Lord l'osisosnir, who presided over its conclusion, peremptorily refused to make England a party to it; consequently, it is con tended by the Rio cabinet, that the English government has no legal right to demand the fultilmint of what it is not a party to. It is the right of Brazil and Buenos Ayres to claim the fulfilment of the eighteenth article ; but it is not the duty of Great Britain to enforce it. For the Brazil government reminds Mr. Hrososi and Lord PALMEIL , TON that the means of pacification laid down in the convention of 1828 were the ester blishment of the Banda Oriental as an indepeudent state. If, then, the present government of England deem itself justified in enforcing the Pith article of the convention, does it also, inquires the Rio cabinet, guarantee the independence of the Banda Oriental For to insist On the power to enforce a minor stipu lation, and to neglect the great object of the conven tion, would involve a logical as well as a great poli tical absurdity. Such, we have reason to believe, is the purport of the answer of the Rio cabinet to the first note presented by Mr. Ilunsox. To the second note, proffering, on general grounds, mediation and good offices, Seidler I'm:LlN° reiterates in his answer the statement he had previously made, that in his opinion no questions exist between his government and the governor of Buenos Ayres from which, at least on the part of the former, a war could arise with that state. The questions involving war are those, he says, existing between Brazil and the Pre sident of the Banda Oriental ; and though Hoses has chosen to adopt the acts of ORIBE as his own, that does not necessarily brink the government of Brazil into collision with him. Let Roses, Senhor PM:LINO remarks, desist from interfering with the internal affairs of the Oriental Itepublic—let him allow General Omer. to discuss mid answer himself for nets which he alone coniniitted, and all appre hensions of a war between Brazil and Buenos Ayres will cease. The contribution then towards peace which the British government can best make in the quarrel is, it is contended, clear and obvious—viz., to counsel and advise Resits to withdraw the right he arrogates to interfere by force of arms in the affairs of the republic of Uruguay, to abandon his practice of confounding with his own the authority of General (Wee, and to cease to appropriate to himself ques tions with which he has nothing to do, arising, as they do, from violences and extortions committed against Brazilian subjects by virtue of orders ema nating solely from General Omni:. This is the sub stance of the answer given to the proffered mediation. That hostilities are now to be apprehended be tween Brazil and Buenos Ayres we must believe, be- MUM' Roses himself in his proclamations assures Europe that he is in a state of war with Brazil. Nevertheless he may, it is we repeat more than pro bable, find so much to do nearer home as to prevent his troops ever coming into serious collision with the erniy of Brazil now engaged in punishing ORLBE in the ilanda Oriental. Writ CST everyone is deploring the weakness of the ministry, its inability to advance or carry any men sure of reform, and its nut more than sufficiency to keep the protectionist wolf out of the fold, the world will be surprised to learn that this ministry is only busied with promotions of its existing members. Whiggism, instead of progressing, is in fact turning upon its axis, and exposing none but its own constel lations to the sun. The whole zodiac of them met a day or two ago, after having spent some months in making reflections and getting information. And the result of their meditations seems to have been, that there were not a sufficient number of lords in the cabinet, and this governing body was to be forth with strengthened by the admission of Lord See- Morn and the Earl of GRANVILLE. We have nothing to say against these lords, who are of fair aserage liberalism and ability. If a seat in the cabinet was like high rank in the army• in time of peas.., the merited result of seniority and obedience, ' of orderly a n d diligent conduct. then this lordly pro motion would be nothing but what was liberal I and just. But whatever the country may be, the teivernment is not at peace. It is be kaguered by formidable fors, flanked by very wavering and justly discontented friends, exe crated by the mist powerful section of the aristo eraey, and regarded with too much indifference by other classes. At the moment when this resolution was taken in the cabinet, Mr. Ilene was laying before the libes rah; and the business people of Edinburgh his vim- plaints and fears that the financial embarrassments of the empire would never be cleared up as lung as the prey id monopoly of power in the hands of the aristocracy remained. Mr. 111:31r. has certain views of retrenchment, certain views fur making the pro perty of the country bear more of the weight of taxation, whilst its industry should pay less; but all this lie feels to be hopeless, us long as ministerial power is doomed to circulate in a very narrow sphere, that sphere narrowed by the corresponding cireumseripti ~,, of the electoral franchise. There is nothing mom evident, than that at present WC art- at a financial stand still. Government de clares that it can make no essential reduction, and the tones are ready to support it in that declaration. Then the income-tax, the chief source of direct taxation, is menaced with re pima. Sir CHARLES \Viv', declares that lie cannot and will not render it equitable, in which case it is likely to be rejected by the middle classes, who ob ject to its inequality, as well as by the landed interest, which is anxious to du away with all taxes OR property. Sir Itoneur Peet. evidently tricked both parties into consenting to his ineume-tax. Ile led the landed interest to hope for a continuation of protection, and, as Mr. Hume told us in his speech at Edinburgh, he deprecated and prevented the na tural ehjictions of the liberals to its inequality, by declaring that it could only he passed as it was, weighing as heavily upon industry as upon property. Eiree has now gone, with his power and his plausi bility, and the income-tax comes in its native weakness before a parliament elected exclusively by the two dames that object to it. lel things then take the course which the present indifference of the public portends, let reform be quashed, and the income-tax Lurked. In that case the farmersmay consider the malt-tax W.l eternal, the odious excise duties may be considered a permanence, and in the customs there can be no further improvement of any importance, no abate ment of the immense cost of collection. Tea and paper will remain as they are; the trimly on knowledge will be stereotyped in the rational ignorance. And to such a system, a 12s. or I:se. fixed duty on corn could well be appended, and would to perfectly suit, that it may be looked for at the firet deficit, or the first financial excuse. We are out of thine who think that there must be ineessant change, or that desire it. When a sound principle, an equitable terns has been obtained for the national representation, or the country's taxes, England may then ride permanently by the anchors, in the strength sad truth of which every one believes. But nor present position is a halt. And there is not one person who could say, that either our fiscal or electoral state was such as he c hoo se , to abide by or hopes to be permanent. 'We are decidedly on themoving ground of transition, where one thing at least is impossible, and that is, to remain stationary. We may go on, or we may go buck ; and if we do not go on. we must go back ; balk to protection, bock to feudalism, back to nomi main,' boroughs, squire led counties, and to a parlia ment in which the lower and middle classes will muse to put trust or to feel interest. If we have any fault to find with Mr. 11004 it is that he speaks too calmly of the necessities of the moincie, no doubt doing so to suit himself to an unimpaebioned audience. But the moment is really critical. A new larliament is about to be elected, without a single popular breeze stirring the air, without a single miular requirement Wetting on a banner. The aristocracy will carry ouch an election all their own way, and be they whig or be they tory, it is it little moment, for if the two parties are returned in preponderant and equipondemnt numbers, they will go on as heron• to toss from one to the other the shuttle of other, the ins doing no m o re than the mils consent to, i.e it her appealing to the wee& nor consulting their interests more than is sufficient to keep themselves afloat. A+ to electoral refopm, there arc a great number of liberals even who are no doubt very lukewarm in the matter, and would not cry their eyes out to find theme:he* cheated even of the small promises made by the premier. But with reform in parliament the middle classes must give up reform in taxation, which they have not spirit and energy to carry with- out the aid of the industrious masses and the public spirit which animates them. Without reform in taxation, however, we must ex pect very severe consequeneve in the pwalysation of industry, the discontent of those who live by it. and the loss of the commereial and manufacturing supremacy. which we can only keep by being ahead of the world, America included, in ideas and good government. Without lighter burdens on industry we eau never compete with the United States, fee example. Without slighter burdens, neither our farmers nor our tradespeople will hold on. And if the idea gained ground that there was not fair play fur industry in this country, we should fi nd a tide of enngration set in. or rather, ebb out, to which the Irish one of the present year were a trifle. Tits copious narrative given in yesterday's Ex press of the progress of hostilities in the Banda Oriental encourages the hope we have more than once expressed that they will not be of long conti nuance. firr it is quite clear that the nominal Presi- Mtt of that state, General Onise, has no force at his own disposal adequate to resist the castigation which his prms.edings on the frontier province of Brasil have at last brought down upon him. So that, unless the Governor of the province of Buenos Ayres interfere to protect Oente, the chances cer tainly seem to be :hat h.- will quickly have to retire from the Banda Oriental within such parts of the Argentine Confederation as will afford him refuge : and as several of the states which once formed that nominal confederation arc concurrently in arms against Itosss, it is just possible that they will find that chief sufficient occupation to prevent him from marching to the succour of 01:II:E. Speculation, however, upon the probabilities of a war in the Plats, at such a distance, and with at best such imperfect amounts as we receive thence, can neither be profitable nor useful. At present, it is ob vious that the supremacy so long enjoyed by Hosts is seriously endangered ; and not one of the least striking evidences of the emergency of his position is the eagerness with which he appears to have secrpted the mediation which wits preferred to him by Mr. SOUTHERN on behalf of the British govern ment. That mediation wo have before stated wu THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 16, 1851. 65c. upon yesterday ; the Threes fell 35c., and closed at 33.30. The same organs of the press that took up so warmly last year the cause of Gene ral Changa rnier are foremost in assailing Louis Napoleon on the pre sent occasion. The Ordre, Assemblice, and Opinion Priblignii do not even wait for the names of the new ministers, to begin shaping the most sinister con clusions on the one hand, and indulging in the most I gloomy and solemn eomminatious on the other. They knew all along that it would come to this. They foresaw that the mask must drop, and an appeal be made to the passions of the multitude, in order to violate the law. The affectation of trying to conciliate a conservative policy with the repeal of the law of I May, is in their opinion absurd. The President must now surrender himself up to the guidance of the Left ; there is no middle ground left for him to stand upon. That this should bo the cry of the President's old indefatigable foes; that M. Alfred Nettement should' lose sight of his own strenuous opposition to the law of the 31st May while impeaching the motives ai l ' Louis Napoleon ; that the organ of MM. Thiers and Itemusat should exhibit the President to the public in the light of a Phaethon, unsphcring in his eccen tric career those harmonious laws which have been with so much labour framed by the party of order; that organs which have never said a word in his praise should now abuse the President a little more than usual; all this, I say, is not at allwonderful or alarming. But what is really a serious and menacing symptom is the declaration of open war by the moderate legi timists. I invite your attention to an important ar ticle of the Union, in which you may see that the band which has hitherto held them to the Elyske is completely snapped, and the rupture proclaimed as irreparable. The party of Bcrryer point to the Pre sident's newly proclaimed policy as a step which they always foresaw, and the real motive of their expectant attitude. " The polies- of the Elyske," says the Union, "is quite plain : It consists in making to prevail in principle the right of num ber over the force of the law; and even if the num ber were not counted on, it is wished to apiwar to respect it. It was easy to foresee that this policy of foolhardiness would break out in sonic enterprise before the regular expiration of the constitutional powers, and this is why we waited. What plainer than that illegality lifts its banner. Legality, there fore, is all the policy possible for the men of order. And where is legality to be found except in the Assembly, so long as it remains armed with its rights, as the regular ex pression of the will of France. In the Assem bly, therefore, it was necessary to concentrate the action defensive of public interests before enter ing upon premature combinations for the presidency. Let, therefore, the majority hasten to resume all the advantage given to it by the defence of order and the laws. It Pees that the sophism of all revolutions, whether they proceed by the ballot or barricade, is on the point of creeping into the policy of adventu rers. this sophism is that the entire people is free to pronounce directly upon legislative acts, and even upon the provisions of the constitution. Henceforth is plainly seen by all the meaning of M. Berryer s striking appeal to legality. Here, then, we have the detluitive dissolution of the Berrver-Bonapartist alliance. There is a remarkable similarity in tone between the Lnion and Opinion Publique, which seems to predict the reconciliation of the conflicting parties of legitimacy represented by those organs. The article of the Asseniblje is also highly impor tant. Under the signature of M. Adricn do la Va ' lette it accuses the President of having commenced hostilities which must inevitably lead to a rupture with the majority. It insists upon the deliberate sanction given to the law by the chief of the execu tive in 1850, and argues that his change of policy now proceeds manifestly from narrow personal mo tives in opposition to the public interest. The Pre sident is taunted with Girardin's article of yesterday, in which the popularity that would follow the abro gation of the law is described as the "last card in his game." 'Phis is construed to be an open appeal to electoral corruption and armed force. The Assize Court of the Seine yesterday tried an action for libel brought by General Pachecho, the Montevidean envoy, against the Jonewil des Mbas and the Xerne . des Deus 3lwides. The find imputed to the general the fabrication of false news, which was sent to the Times from Monte Video for the purpose of influencing the de cision of the Assembly in the affair of the Le Predour treaties. The defendants both declared that in at tributing the fabrication of the news to agents at Monte Video, they had no intention to reflect upon the character of I'achecho, who resided in Paris. The general in person declared himsdf satisfied with this explanation, whereupon a verdict of acquittal was taken, the defendants paying the costs. Accounts from Toulon state that Admiral de la Busse will hoist his flag in the Vile do Paris, and that the Friedland is to be disaruwe. The l'resident of the Republic has bestowed a gold medal on Mr. James Macdonald, an English mer chant at Shanghai, in commemoration of the aid that he gave in the rescue of the crew of the French whaler Norval, wrecked on the coast of Coma. The following list of arrivals aid departures be tween Boulogne and England during the summer is taken from au official return of passports: Arrivals. Departures. Total. May 3,142 3,913 7,29 , 5 June 4,928 5,468 10,396 July 7,1:x9 6,586 13,715 Augu.t September The Gazette de France announces the arrival of the Count de Chambord at Vcui:e. 'Ely Court. -- WINDSOR, Ocr. 15. The Queen, Prince Albert, and the Prince of Wales redo out on horseback yesterday afternoon in the Park, attended by the Hon. Miss Seymour, Colonel Buckley, and Colonel F. H. Seymour. The Chevalier Bunsen, Baron Von der Heydt, and Viscount and Viscountess Palmerston dined with her Majesty in the evening. Prince Albert, attended by Colonel Seymour and Colonel the lion. C. Grey, left Windsor by a special train of the Great Western Railway at ten minutes past ten o'clock this morning, to meet the Commissioners of the Great Exhibi tion in Hyde-park, and returned to the Castle at two o'clock this afternoon. Prince Frederick of the Netherlands is expected to arrive this afternoon on a visit to the Queen. Prince Albert presided yesterday at a meeting of the Royal Commission of the Exhibition of the Works of In• dustry of All Nations. The meeting was held at 11 o'clock, in the Exhibition building. The commissioners present were Earl Granville, Lord John Russell, the Right lion. Henry Labouchero, Sir Richard Westmacott, Sir Charles Lyell, Sir Charles L. Eastlake, Mr. Baring, M.l'., Mr. Batley, Mr. Cobden, M.P., Mr.• übitt, Mr. T. F. Gibson, Mr. John Gott, Mr. Policy, M.P C . Mr. Stephenson, M.P., Mr. John Shepherd, and Mr. Hopkins, President of the Geological Society. Mr. Scott Russell and Mr. Edgar Bowriug, Secretaries of the Royal Commission, attended. Lieut.-Colonel Reid (chairmen), and Mr. Cole and Mr. Dilke, of the Executive Committee, were present. Dr. Lyon Mayfair and Colonel Lloyd, special commissioners, were in attendance. The meeting broke up at 12 o'clock, at whirls hour the Prince, with the commissioners, the seen tarns, the executive committee, and the speeiid com missioners entered the building. After the close of the Exhibition, Prince Albert and the Commissioners returned to the Royal Commis. skit Room, when the following Commissioners from fareign nations were introduced, for the purpose of paying their reasserts to his Royal Highness, viz.:— United States, Mr. Edward Riddle and Mr. Dridge; Austria, Count Ilarrach and M. Buschek ; Belgium, M. Cuylitx ; Denmark, M. Westoiholz ; Nassau, M. (Meru brinier ; Egypt, Abdul !Lamed; Hesse Cassel, M. Schreiber; France, M. Sallandrouze de Lamornaix and M. Tresca; Greece, M. Ralli; Hanover, M. Stuhlschmid; Netherlands, M. Ossowens Portugal, the Chevalier Itibeiro de ha and M. an Zeller; Rome, M Trebbi; Russia, M. Hamensky and M. do Beyne; Sardinia, the Chevalier Leneisa ; Saxony, 1/r. Seylfarth ; Spain, Don Manuel de Visas', M. Ramon de la Sagra, and M. Villanueva; Sweden and Nor way, M. Tottie; Switzerland, Dr. Bailey and M. Force r Tunis Kamda Eliukaildn and Signor Santillana ; Turkey, M. Zolirab ; Tuscany, M. Corridi; Wurtemberg, Dr. Stein bets, M. Brand, and M. Schiedmayer ; Zollverein, Vettin and M. Bronx. . . . . . 'lllO Foreign Commissioners having taken leave of Prince Albert, the meeting of the Royal Commission broke up, and his Royal Highness, attended by Colonel the lion. Charles Grey and Lieut.-Colonel Francis Hugh Seymour, took his departure, soon after one o'clock, for the terminus of the,Greut Western Railway at Paddington, and returned by a special train to Windsor. A meeting of the Finance Committee of the Royal Com mission was afterwards held in the Exhibition The Duke and Duchess do Nemours visited her ILoyal Highness the Dotchess of Kent yesterday, at her residence, Clarence House, St. thIIICS . II. Mr. Sullivan had an interview with Earl Grey yesterday at the Colonial-office. The Earl of Clarendon had an interview with Sir George Grey yesterday at the Horne-office. Despatches were received yesterday at the Colonial-of f ice from the Governor of Van Diemen's Land. A Cabinet Council will be held to-day at the Foreign Office, at half-past one. MANstoN-IfotNE.—Yesterday the Lord Mayor entertained the chairman and the members of the General Purposes Committee, the Lord Mayor elect, the sheriffs, and several private friend., members of the corporation; and on Friday the Lord Mayor will receive at dinner the chairman and directors of the Union Bank of London, of which his lordship is also a director, and the masters of the several City companies. i~ FRANCE. PARIS, wrnmesnse EVENING. The Committee of Permanence held to-day an ex traordinary meeting, to deliberate upon the steps proper to be taken in consequence of the dismissal of the cabinet. The debate which ensued was marked by an animation worthy of the famous sittings . of the Name body . last year. M. Dufougerais, a legitimist, I hear, particularly distinguished himself by the vie knee of his invectives against the policy of the Pro sident. Ile moved that the Assembly should be convoked without delay. This motion was set aside, and a resolution was adopted unanimously, that the ministers should be examined in the endi aary muting of the committee to-morrow, with a view to deciding, according to the explanations given, whether there was any necessity fur anticipating the period already fixed for the re-opening of the Assembly. The committee then separated. Eighteen members of the committee were present at this sitting, which was presided over by General Bedeau. General Changarnier did not speak. MM. Dufougerais and Poujoulat alluded pointedly to the duties imposed on the government by the disturbed state of the central departments. I mentioned to you yesterday a feature which de serves attention in the Council of St. Cloud, namely, that the ministers offered modifications in the law of Mar, which were rejected. Concerning the future ministers there is no certain news. lam told that M. Ilillault has declined to for a cabinet. No proposals have been yet made to either Lamartine or Girardin. The latter must be considered in all cases as the instrument which has contributed most potently to the change of policy 'suddenly announced by the President; and as hold ing as it were the key by which revision, if at all, is to be opened. At the last moment I am unable to give you any more distinct account of the probable composition of 1 the cabinet. It is said that General Magnan was offered the ministry of war, but preferred to remain at his present poet. Ilautpool had been sent for to St. (loud. Schramm, Regnard de St. Jean d*Angely, and St. Arnaud, arc all talked of as likely to suc ceed to the Ministry of War. A ministry of transi tion is also mentioned, in which some of . the present ministers—as . Fould, ltouher, and Magne—would retain their places. Hansemann, the prefect of the Yonne, is mentioned as probable successor to Cartier. The names of Abbatueci, Value, Persigny, Dariste, Fortoul, and Admiral Ckille, are mentioned in re ference to the composition of a fresh cabinet. The reported conference of MoIC and Thiers yesterday is unfounded. Mole came to Paris to-day to know the 1 result of the sitting of the Committee of Perma nence, and then returned to Champlatreux. The fluctuations at the Bourse were more sensible than yesterday. The Fives closed at 90.10, a fall of FINAL CLOSING OF THE GREAT EXHIBITION. PRINCE ALBERT'S ADDRESS. Yesterday was played the last great scene in the splendid spectacle of the Crystal Palace. The Great Exhibition has now to be numbered with things past. Its vastness, its glitter, its wonderful variety, its proofs of man's ingenuity and the world's wealth are no more. The elements of which it was built up now return to their original places and owners, and the wondrous vision melts away under the unpo etical hands of carpenters and carmen. The busy industry that reared it with such wonder-work ing skill is at this moment intent in undoing the marvellous work it had made, and in a space of time even less than it took to raise the world-startling show, it will be gone. Language has for months past been taxed to the utmost in a thousand attempts— in newspapers, in books, and in conversation—to do justice to the - lnd its - gents. When the Paxtonian glass palace conk structure —tho glittering and successful rival to bricks and mortar—first began to display its intended form and other characteristics, its novelty and fitness for the purpose recalled Soutl;ey's dreamy sketch of a scene of Eastern power and splendour. The dream became a reality. The visitors to the real Crystal Palace, in matter of fact Hyde-park, were counted in tens of thousands till their numbers rose to the wonderful total of more than six millions. The na tions that sent their wealth sent their wonderers also, and the universal verdict seems to be that the Great Exhibition has, in the grandest of all senses, fulfilled its promises. It has, in truth, been au assembly of the industries of all nations; a con gress tending to promote peace and the progress of the arts—an arena where the ingenuity of races, heretofore often in deadly conflict, have met in friendly competition beneficial to all— a gathering of the nations of the earth, each learning an advanta geous something of the rest, and all feeling a kindly desire to promote general " peace on earth and good will amongst men.' When it became known that yesterday was really to be the final day, the feeling of almost all seemed to Lc one of deep regret that a reality so bril liant should be dissipated. To carve a - beautiful statue only to crush it, or to paint a masterpiece only to burn the canvas, seemed things to be named in the same day with that when the fiat went forth that the Exhibition should bo broken up. But it has been done ; and if the old truth that tells how all bright things must fade receives in this instance another verification, it at least brings with it the consolatory feeling that though the Crystal Palace be closed, the influences born within it will en dure. The exemplification of the triumphs awaiting industry; the feeling that the cultivation of taste diffuses a high and moralising tone capable of extension through whole communities ; and above all, the holy belief in peace—the proof that the true interests of nations lie in anything rather than war —these are the greatest and truest fruits which the world has won by the meeting of the peoples and the industries of all nations. _ _ Before speaking in detail of the events of vester day, a fact or two of earlier date may find place, if only to show that the Exhibition had curious and surprising things, not named in catalogue or seen in the collection itself. These things were facts peculiarly its own, and belong, indeed, to the private history of its five months' life. Here is a specimen not hitherto made known relating to the money portion of the subject. In England, when an affair of business is concluded, the balance sheet is scanned to see what kind of story it tells. The balance sheet of the Crystal Palace offers some curious particulars. . . _ Alto,zether more than half a million of money has been received by the Exhibition authorities, the tl exact sum being 503,107/. ss. 7d. This amount in- i eludes some very curious items. More than four hundred pounds were paid for the use of the washing places, and no less than 2,4271. on account of other essential conveniences attached to the building. The small fee exacted for taking care of sticks and um brellas produced 831/. 3s. 3d.; the royalty taken upon the shilling catalogues turned 3,2001. into the Exhibition exchequer; whilst a still larger sum, 5,500/., resulted from the sale of the privilege to feed the visitors with buns, pound cake, ices, ginger beer, and the other dainties of the refreshment counters. Of the money received at the doors, 273,000/. was in silver, and 81,000!. in gold. The weight of the silver coin so taken (at the rate of 2S lb.. per 100'.) would be thirty-five tons, and its bulk nine hundred cubic feet! The ra pid flow of the coin into the hands of the I money-takers prevented all examination of each ITALY. TUSCANY. Our correspondent, writing from Florence on the 9th October, states that the subject of the Grand Duke's abdication was still occupying the public mind, and develops the feeling of the various parties with regard to it. An Austrian regency, with, per haps some Neapolitan admixture, would govern the country during the heir's m.nority.. A military fes tival. for the purpose of fraternising the Austrian and Tuscan officers, took plan on the ith inst. The Austrian General, Ferrari, was to assume the su preme direction of the grand ducal army. The Mo nitore Toaranu, of the 6th, publishes the rail way convention with the Pope, by which Austria effects her puvpose of stretching from the Adriatic to the Mediterranean. The constitutionalists were preparing to answer Guerrazzes calumnies. The documents concerning Count Guicciardini's re ligious persecution had been secretly pub lished. The Queen Dowager of Piedmont was about to return to Turin. The celebrated sculptor Power (author of the " Greek Slave), was occupied on an interesting allegorical statue of California. KOSSUTH. A crowded and highly respectable meeting of the inhabitants of Kingsland and the neighbourhood took place last evening at the British School-room, at which an address was adopted to be preseuted to the Hangman patriot on his arrival in the metropolis. ADDRESS OF TILE GERMAN MIGRATION CLUB. Your arrival in Europe, which even to the sup pressed revolutionary idea is still preparing a triumphal proression, has income to us a new token how little the defeat of the revolution has been its annihiation. You, as the great champion of a people striving for liberty, ate met from every shore with a solemn greeting. That sympathy hay overleapt the narrow boundaries of nationalitns, and has become the common cause of all free We are approaching the day when this community of sympathies will be elevated to a)rotherly solidarity of libe rated nations. _ . The citizens of Marseilles hare greeted you with that republican cry, with which the nations tend their hands to each other. _ .—• • The German Emizration Club welcomes the hero sf Hun gary with the same salutation. In the name and by order of the German Emigrant's Club. General E. HAUG. G. TICHOW. Dr. H. B. OPPENHEIM. KARL SCHL7RZ. Count OSCAR REICHENI TIIE RF-SULT OF THE LATE COCRTS-MARTIAL.— We underst And that the result of the late proceeeior at Wcedoo hat been the diemissal of two officers from the ser •ice, and the reprimand of a third. Several other cues are still under consideration by the authorities. others have a Pieceas it was received, and 901. of bad silver was d. manufacturernot ne,cesst or ua iy taken, but only one piece of bad gold, and that was De producer stamP than its (rived the prize medal. It is rather a mark of such inven tion, ingenuity, or originality as may be expected to exer fluence upon industry more extended, and more lintoererownonticesvattbsiethfcacmtesist, ni.n an in important, than could be produced by mere excellence of nea that net stefb h a l f - sove reig n . n all t t he 6al:l4menumehFey manufacture. crown and fire shillinj days. The cash was rec ei ved This is to be borne in mind in considering the lint of' was taken on the half by 18 money takers : on the very heavy days six swirls which I have the honour to lay before your Royal extra ones being employed during the busiest hours. highness ; I trust that it will be found that the juries have From them it was gathered by three or four money succeeded in doingjustice to the exhibitors of every nation and porters, t he p urpose of her Majody's Coottutesioners with the task of counting it. From them it went to deftrirnece theof who carried it to four collectors, charged sloes, and that they have not departed in any important first instructions addreseed to the jur by two tellers, who verified the sum, and hande d it to the Council of Chairmen was to the effect that the priers le the final custody of the chief financial officer, M .' should be awarded without reference to the country of the F. G. Carpenter, who locked each day's amount In exhibitors, the Exhibition being considered in this respect when hi in boxes, each holding 6101., it weal It is gratifying to add that the jurors of every country cordially acquiesced in this principle, and that notwith ar iron chests in the building till next a, recognising no distinction of nations. standing unavoidable differences of opinion, uninterrupted a r harmony prevailed amongst them throughout the whole company of dragoons at the least would be called borne off in a hackney cab in charge of a Bank of BEnglandmorningPc u course of their labours. It is not too much to hope that the out to guard such a treasure. The first shilling day happy influence of this intercourse may extend aud endure clerk and a Bank porter. In Paris, ; produced the smallest daily a mount received, which , fe lt is y not necessary Is ho that should detain your Royal Ilighnem was 9201. 2s. ; the last shilling day but ono afforded and her Majesty's Commissioners with a recital of the other Iwond the t casion. the largest daily taking, it being 34.--khove instructions framed by the Council of Chairmen for the ing how the classes essentially the /ample increased guidance of the juries, or with a detailed account of their their support of a display where so much might be ! proceedings in the discharge of their own (unct oss. admired and so much be learned. The number of prize medals awarded is 2,918. The h number of council medals is 170. Is t h e 6d h . caviest receipts. The l i ghtest of lis imjairtant t o o bserve that no more than one medal T either denomination has been allotted to one exhibitor wise i: e r as in the same class, although he may have contributed tu that leNall am ounted ot t u l7 w e teeed k firsttoof 2atill;itgnei v . el five shilling week, 1 0 ,2 9 8 1 . 9 5.; the next lightest week being tho first shilling week, I class more than one article deserving of reward. when 11,1231. ss. was taken. This money was The juries have frond it just, in framing their report% to make honourable mentionofeertaiu exhibitors whose con- Zib m u e tions were not such as to entitle them received in all forms, ranging between farthing ~ and to remise a medal. ten-pound notes, Contrary to the notices exhibited, have supplied specimens of raw materials which, although curious, and instructive, do not imply any grea t change tens given. Oecusional:y foreigners gave Napoleons, and these coins being mistaken for Rove- merit of production on the part of the exhibitor; and the m reigns,they received nineteen shillings out,and liberty have furnished articles of manufacture which, without reaching a high degree of excellence, are interesting as ex of admission into the bargain. The monies of America, Hambur Germany, and France were zmples of the processes or present condition of the trades g, often tendered and taken, The total number of Welt they illustrate Before concluding,. I trust I may be allowed to ad, that visitors from the Ist of May to the 11th of October it would he difficult duly to estimate the time and labour was 6,003,986. At one time, on Tuesday week, there expended by the jurors in their endeavour to discharge were no des titan 92,0011 persons in the building, faithfully the important duty coif fided to them. The mou s the largest number (so far its is known) ever congre - her of exhibitors was about 17,000. Of these many, who ted under one roof. (In the same day tho total kontd but once in the catalogue, coutibuted a ga ere r e r'c variety of objects, and came within, the province number of visitors reached the enormous total of of more than one jury; whilst in other cases 109,913. On ono occasion no less than 28,833 per- towns, and even whole countries, were counted as sons entered the doors in a single hour. single exhibitor, although they presented fur exami nation every kind of manufacture and raw produce Let us, however, give a tabular summary of tho which their ingenuity and natural resources could furnish. money taken, and then turn to the proceedings of Upon the whole, the task of the juries involved the consi yesterday. What may be called the daily receipts deration and judgment of at least a million articles; tho were as follows: difficulties attending it being not a little inenused by the Season tickets ♦ £67,610 14 0 want of a uniform system of classification of the ',objects in 'Leyden , at door Retiring rooms Washing places Taking charge of umbrellas Profits from medals struck in building 851 16 10 they have the satisfaction of feeling that these, if any, arc - not attributable to a want of care or diligence on their part. It now only remains for me, in laying the result of our dl' of ;moyt.n and to respectfully before your Royal highness and her in ck er, o en n iodw l ac te ke l: : . honourablelela‘igj tsyssnt(l:momnyiteil:fi C ommis s ioners e r r s whichg r t a o t ;f o o u ff u l express the hope that we shall be found to have fulfilled our trust in a manner worthy of the noble undertaking in which we are proud to have been called upon ti bear part. Viscount Canning having resumed his scut, PRINCE ALBERT rose, and after the cheering which greeted him had subsided into silence, de livered the following address: Mr Lonn,—The Royal Commissioners are much indebted to your lordship, and to the distinguished gentlemen of this and other nations, who have acted on the juries entrusted with the award of the prizes in the recent Exhibition, for the zeal with which they have under taken, and the ability with which they have ful filled, the task which has been allotted to them. The commissioner; are sensible that the services of these gentlemen have in many inetatteass been rendered at great inconvenience to themselves, and at the sacrifice of very valuable time, and of important avoca tions. It is with pride and pleasure that they ;lave noticed in the lists of those who have performed this service to the Exhibition the names of men of every nation, of the most exalted rank, and of the most eminent reputations in statesmanship, in science, in literature, in manufactures, in commerce, and in the fine arts; of men in every respect well calculated not only to form a correct technical lodg ment upon the merits of the articles submitted to their in spection, but also to maintain the high character which the Commissioners have uniformly striven to impart to the xhibition. In no department of the vast undertaking which has just been brought to a happy close were greater difficulties to have been apprehen led than in that in which your lord ship and your eminent colleagues have given your itssist slice. On this, the first occasion on which the productions of the differ; ut nations of the globe have ever liven brought together for the purpose of comparing their several merits, not only were prejudices and jealousies to have been expecte& to interfere with the divisions, but the nature of the MO presented many difficulties of it formidable character to the formation of a pffignieut which should appear satisfactory to all. The names of the jurors, indeed, whets once made known, were of themselves a sufficient gua rantee for that impartiality which was essential to the fulfilment of their task; uttd, from all that has come to the knowledge of the Royal Commissioners during the pro gress of thi it labours, they are fully satisfied that every award has been made with the most careful consideration, after the must ample and laborious investigation, and upon grounds most strictly honourable, just, and candid. But although the high character of the jurors would have fully justified the Commissioners in entrusting them with the award of the prizes without fettering their discretion with any instructions whatever, had nothing more than an impartial decision been required, there were difficulties ofa very peculiar nature inherent to the taak,which tiVettled Wren der necessary the adoption of some regulations that might, at first sight, appear to have here somewhat arbitrary in their character. The differences in the wanton(' various nations having necessarily impressed their several manufacture% with different characteristics, it would seem to be utmost im possible fur those who have been in the habit of judging tho productions of their own country by one stirulard, to eater fully into merits which can only be onmerly appreciated by another standard, since the very points which in the ono case appear to be excellencies, may in the other, not fines turally, be taken as defects . his consideration, and a knowledge of the evils which were to be apprehended from any accidentally erroneous decision, in a matter so inti mately connected with the commercial interests of every nation, induced the royal comminionera to lay down, for the guidance of the juries, those principles to which your lordship het referred. It would perhaps have been more interesting to the public had the commissioners instructed the juries to follow the practice which has usually prevailed in the Exhibitions of individual nations, and to grant medals of different degrees to mark the gradations of excellence among the exhibitors ; but they feel that they have adopted the safer course, and that which wag upon the whole most in accordance with the feelings of the majority of the exhibitors, in directing that no distinction should be made between their merits if their productions eaine up to the standard requisite to entitle them to a prize, but that all should without exception take the same rank and receive the same medal. The Commissioners, however, considered it right to place at the disposal of the Council of Chairmen a peculiar or "council" medal in the caeca to which your lordship has referred. Important discoveries in many branchea of science and of manufactures have in this Exhibition been bought under the notice of the public; and it seems just that those who have rendered services of this kind to the world, should receive a special mark of acknowledgment on an occasion which has rendered so conspicuous the advan tages which the many have derived from cite discoveries of the few. The grant of the Council Medal for beauty of design, and for excellence in the fine arts, us applied to manufactures, though made upon a somewhat different principle, is also compatible with the views of the Commissioners, since in the cases in which it has been given it does not mark any greater comparative excellence of manufacture, or assign to one producer a higher place than is accorded to others, but is to be regarded as a testimony to the genius which can clothe the articles required for the use of daily life with beauty, that can please the eye, ;and instruct and elevate the mind. Valuable as this Exhibition has moved in many respects, it appears to the Commissioners that there is no direction in which its effects will be more sensibly and immediately perceived than in the improvement which it may be expected to produce in taste, and the impulse it has given to the arta of design; and a special acknowledgment is justly due to those who have afforded the best examples of art, whether pure or applied, and led the way in this interesting career of im provement. It now remains for the Commissioners once more to return to your lordship and your colleagues their cor dial thank, ; and they must nut omit to include in these ac knowledgements thew gentlemen who have in various ways ' assisted you in your labours, particularly those who have acted with you as associates or experts for the pursose of assisting your judgment in matters requiring very minute and special knowledge of particular subjects : and the Com mission ere well aware that these gentlemen have fre quently been of the greatest service. In the hope that the jurors and associates might desire to possess a lasting memorial of the Exhibition, a special medal has b e e n , struck in commemoration of their important services. ' It is the intention of the Commissioners to publish not only the names of those to whom the juries have awarded prizes, but also the valuable reports which they have pre pared on the state of science, art, and manufactures, in the several branches of the Exhibition with which the juries have been conversant. The Itoyal Commissioners fully appreciate the zeal and talent displayed by those jurors who have accepted the laborious office of reporters to the juries; and they doubt nut that their reports will form most interesting records of this Exhibition, and will afford important materials for ascertaining the progress of human industry:, at any future time, when another review of its productions, like the present, may be determined on. It now becomes my pleasing duty, on behalf of the Royal Commissioners, to deliver my most sincere acknow ledgments and thanks for the hearty co-operation and support which the Exhibition has constantly received from foreign countries. The foreign Commissioners, £429,000 6 10 The other receipts were : Subscriptions Catalogue contract 11cfnAnnent contract Sale of weather charts 7 It It Grind total £505,107 5 7 Yesterday, after the Prince took his seat on the plat form, Viscount Canning read the following report on presenting the Award of the juries to the royal commission. The vastness of the place rendered it almost impossible for his lordship to be heard be yond the immediate circle in which he stood. Viscount Canning said: Ilaving had the honour of acting as President of the Council of Chairmen of the Juries, it falls to me to lay before your Royal Highness and her Majesty's Commis sioners the reports of the several juries upon the subjects submitted to them for examination, and the num. s of the exhibitors whom they have judged entitled to rewards. In doing so, it will be convenient that I should state briefly the principle upon which, by the authority of her Majesty's Commissioners, the juries were constituted. The various subjects included in the Exhibition were divided, in the first instance, into thirty classes. Of these, two were subsequently found to embrace fields of action too large for single juries, and were therefore divided into such juries. This increased the number of acting juries to thirty four. Each of these thirty•feur juries consisted of an equal number of British subjects and of foreigners. The British juror- were selected by her Majesty's Commissioners from lista furnished by the Local Committees of various towns, each town being invited to recommend persons of skill and information in the manufactures or produce for which it is remarkable. The foreign jurors were appointed by authorities in their own countries, in such re alive propor tion amongst themselves as was agreed upon by the foreign commissioners sent hero to represent their respective govern ments. In the event of a jury finding themselves deficient in technical knowledge of any article submitted to them, they were empowered to call in the aid of associates. These associates, who acted OA advisers only, without a vote, but whose services were of the greatest value, were selected either from the jurymen of other classes, or from the lists of persons who had been recommended as jurors, but who had not been permanently appointed So any jury. Each jury was superintended by a chairman, chosen from its number by her Majesty's Commissioners. The deputy chairman and the reporter were elected by the jurors themselves. _ . Such was the constitution of the thirty-four juries taken singly. They did not, however, act independently of each other, inasmuch as they were associated into six groups, each group consisting of such juries as hail to deal with subjects in some degree of kindred nature; and before any decision of a jury could be considered as final, it was required that it should be brought before the assembled group of which that jury formed a part, and that it should be approved by them. The chief object of this provision was that none of the many foreign nations taking part in the Exhibition should incur the risk of seeing its interests overlookeil or ne glected from the accident (an unavoidable one in many instances) of its being unrepresented in any particular jury. Each group of juries received the assistance of a deputy commissioner and of a special commissioner, appointed by her Majest)•'s Commissioners to record its proceedings, to furnish information respecting the arrangements of the Exhibition, and otherwise to facilitate the labours of the juries composing the group. It was further determined by her Majesty's Commis sioners that the chairmen of the juries, consisting of British subjects and of foreigners in equal numbers, should be formed into a council ; and that the duties of the council should he, to determine the conditions upon which, in accordance with certain general principles previously laid down by her Majesty's Commissioners, the different prizes should be awarded ; to frame rules to guide the work ing of the juries; and to secure, as far as possible, unifor mity in the result of their proceedings. These arc the most important features of the system upon which the jurors found themselves organised. I will now refer hr icily to their course of action. The Council of Chairmen, in proceeding to the discharge of their duties, were met at the outset by a serious difficulty. Her Majesty's COTlllll.6.9lOllCril had expressed themselves de sirous that merit should be rewarded wherever it presented itself, but anxious at the Mille time to avoid the recognition of competition between individual exhibitors. They had also decided that the prizes should consist in three medals of different sizes ; and that these should be awarded, not as first, second, and third in degree for the same class of sub jects and merit, but as marking merit of different kinds and character. The Council of Chairmen found, to their regret, that it would be impossible to lay down any rules for the award ing of the three medals by which the appearance at least of denoting different degrees of success amongst exhibitors in the same branch of production could be avoided. Acceord ingly, after fully explaining their difficulty to her Majes.y's Commissioners, they requested, as a course by which it might be materially diminished, that one of the medals might be withdrawn. Of the remaining two, they suggested that one, the prize medal, should be conferred wherever a certain standard of excellence in production or workmanship had been attained —utility, beauty, cheapness, adaptation to particular markets, and other elements of merit being taken into consideration according to the nature of the object ; and they recom mended that this medal should be awarded by the juries, subject to confirmation by the groups In regard to the other and larger medal, they suggested that the conditions of its award shou:d be some important novelty of invention or application, either in material, or I processes of manufacture, or originality combined with great beauty of design ; but that it should not be conferred ; for excellence of production or workmanship alone, how ever eminent; and they further suggested that this medal should be awarded by the council of chairmen upon the recommendation of a jury, supported by its group. The principle thus described met the views of her Ma jeaty's COM.ll263iollCre, and was subsequently further de- 'eloped by them in a minute which they communicated to the Council of Chairmen. Its application, however, was not without difficulties, especially as regarded the foreign jurors. Many of these had taken part tl in the national exhibitions of France and Germany ; and 1 to them the distinctive character of the two medals, and the avoidance of all recognition of degrees of merit between the recipients of prizes, were novel principles, and at variance with their experience ; inasmuch u one of the chief pur poses of the national exhibitions of the Continent has been to distinguish the various degrees of success attained by rival exhibitors. It was to be expected, therefore, that cases would arise in which the council medal, as the higher reward, would be asked for exhibitors whose claims were only somewhat stronger in degree, without differing in kind from those of others to whom the prize medal had been awarded. In such cans it became the duty of the Council of Chairmen to refuse their sanction to th, award of the council medal ; without, however, necessarily impugning the alleged supe , riority of the article for which it was demanded. On the ' other hand, sonic instances have occurred in which they ' have felt themselves calkd upon to confirm the claim to a ! council medal where the object for which it ran claimed showed, is itself, less merit of execution or ma- I nufacture than others of its class. It follows, L therefore, that the award of a council medal who h the illu arrange of the y To th of natio Exhibit their le mission prelimi as their crown 1 The services men wl !laity i Erhib• To a mittees the one are also impnasi the Ind ,_ lhos various the pr• mere d human speech boned, this pi On real ',frith h This organs Nation of Lon, The 81v large oc . rel c I 17 0 i I, TH toned model Cha it cxh tholui able u wan:, -- - Collut BOUTCI exhiti Alger Sp, Rolle 'Tu collet soure I'u sive suurc Ir no u Unit J Cat uutu. k go K Wird Kr Flaw Abere Adjr Aria Archi Biack Bowl bued B CE Mock 4 041 u Ostid (hew UraL mV Wet,. ion Job:: tt )41 SI I ' l MLIII it Utv MOM MO O . Mon tuu