The Express. — London, England, 1851-06-30 00:00:00

gitf erprtoo. TO CORZZBPONDINTIL 4 46 7k7 et " sorsis." imisides he sans owning's "Is riling nun TENON ssi nifty Is Woo longlod kr "TM isysiVisniSs Snobs pspor, oi 0111“, Ikarror*stseet. y Two o'e:on so no Isy d pallingww. RIOH WATRR AT LONDON BRIDGE Tar —liersiog, Ws. Aftenamon. 2n. Ha. 70.1146111 V —llseubs, ft. Um. .Afiztabas. 3b. LONDON, MONDAY, JUNE 30. 111111DITAZT assedorship ie rather afraid of being !abate its word. The theory is that legislative wisdom runs in the bleed. and that fitness to act as InaW__io the highest mart of the realm is an affair ftift Bat prastieolly there is a decent sense iasepeeity end ignores" which tends very much to peeves - t that begot and utter exposure which mad otherwise take place, and which would speedily promellital to the maser Thrt Hama al Lords amino from year to year melealbed sad easesalled, chiefly bemuse it is con tent hi be pariva Hit niewerars occasionally at the dieralks a/ the Comme. its amours are either wiwiy itortisaiala ram and sr moment, or Or, Wilda se litW Ilemsees of resolve Wit to awe of real midmost is excited in the Oa the other head, the more refiee- Cita* Imam& ceder ere not without misgivings lest itmliatreses may ripen into eventual =They would like, if possible, to keep up ever at participation in the business of the Is Wslft• on they hardly contemplate o= and discursive talk. A select eramittee ear end then to receive evidence on some issithatal subject of hawed, or a set debate ending IN a maim Iltrs re m, which, however factious or Mile. nobody ama reasonably object to, will probably be all that oar hereditarics will attempt In what they . love to call their legislative capacity. But, is their judicial function, this happy abstinence from meddling mischievously with serious matters, is not so easy. The House of Lords is the supreme court of appeal : It is this that alone preserves for it the aspect of importance: but in this also lies the gravest source of its danger. A legislative chamber that does not venture to legislate may elude unpopularity and escape eon &meatiest. It is not our national way to wage active war against mere inatilities and pageants. do keg as they aunt set up instead of realities and facts. and that we are not shocked by the perversion and the burlesque, we suffer the solemn frivolities to hada or twaddle on, if for no other reason, that we feel we have hardly time to take much thought chest them. But a high court of justice, at whose bur sick of us is liable to stand, and by whose deci eioal the property which every man amongst us per seems may possibly be taken away absolutely and ir redessaably—such a tribunal cannot evade its re speasibilitses or cover its defects. The notice given the other day by Lord Itentainst.e is an admission of this. How far his lordship's yet unexplained end madeveleped scheme is to be regarded as the remelt of his own suishared cogitations, or as almost* from the councils of the party to whom he belongs, and by whose suffrages ho has recently bees elevated to the position of chairman in com mitter of the House of LoriLs, is unknown. But as a sign of the times it is worthy of notice, and likely to cell forth no ordinary amount of inquisitive and suggestive discussion. the propoul of Lord REDESDALE is that the chief judges of the three superior courts of law, as well as the new chief judge in equity, should in future be summoned as barons twin& ofeii to attend the upper house of parliament. The example of the bishops and the Scotch representative peers is pointed to iis justifying the deviation from hereditary principle which such a practice would imply. We don t understand whether the noble author of the innovation contemplates the con ferring by the crown of territorial titles on those °facial peers. If their quality of nobles is to be laid aside with their judicial robes, it would seem to be absurd to compel them to adopt a temporary title of the sort. City aldeimen and their wives may think it fine to be called " My lord" and" My lady' fora twelvemonth, after which they must relapse into " Madam" and " Sir." But men of talent and learning, who have risen thereby to the post of Chief Justice, ought not to be forced to masque it in sham pomp of heraldry. The epithet of " Lord" is already used when addressing them in court, as a mark of deference; and in Scotland, we believe, it is cos ceded by courtesy and usage in private life also. But being a mere prefix, like "Excellency," applied to a governor or an ambusador, it does not oblite-, rate the genuine name whereby the man has come to be known, and whereby he is hereafter to be re membered. The want of law lords to give anything like strength or weight to the appellate jurisdiction of the peers, has become perilously palpable to all who are animus for its retention. The Cits.seettat is con stantly left practically to try alone, unaided and unchecked, appeals in equity from his own decisions in the court to-low. This flagrant evil will in some degree be abated by the measure lately introduced for reconstituting the Court of Chancery. But the mare essentially political character which future Chancellors will probubly bear, will render their solitary position as judges in final appeal, if passible, still more odious and objectionable. And upon every ground of reason and common sense an appellate court ought to consist of at least three if not of five independent and competent members. To leave the formation of a legal quorum to the accident which makes a superannuated ex-Chief Justice or a crazed ex-Chancellor drop in for an hour during the hearing of some particular case, while in general the threadbare semblance of a grave consultative adjudi cation is only preserved by the bodily presence of two or three lay lords, whose minds. if they happen to have any, are obviously far away. is a serious trial of public endurance. In many mopeds the proposition of Lord Ruin-S- D% LK would, if adopted, effect a useful change in the present condition of the House of Lords ; and no ob jection is likely . to be heard from the learned per sonages whom it would odlcially ennoble. But it is by no means so clear that the eMciency of the courts over which they severally preside will not be im paired thereby. The additional labour which would judicially devolve upon them might not indeed amount to any very onerous burthen. Bat men whose talents and attainments have raised them to posts of such distinction will be very apt to be gradually drawn into political council and debate. Their thoughts will, of necessity, be absorbed more or less by other subjects than those which now rightfully and usefully en gross them. What is still more important, the colourless character of the bench of justice can hardly be retained, when the morning papers con tain an animated attack by the Lord Chief Baron on the acts or motives of the party to which the Lord Chief Justice belongs, together with an equally pointed reply from that noble and learned peisimage in defence, or mayhap recrimination. It may be said that inetanoos have been and are in which high judicial functionaries take part without blame or scandal in all the scales and struggles of contending parties. We may, perhaps, be pardoned, however, for ex pressing our serious doubt whether the imagines with which the public are most familiar prove MA to the purpose . for which they are adduced. Mr matter is one into which we had rather refrain *am emating and it is saw& to say, that an ocomional induce forms no peeentee that other effects wadi art Maw from a um mid* extended_ pestles. Mis = l t tY wb alt e i rttral l af ci a thar brare Eit 11 + R natu rally tends le Mledify his somes , taitenualy. hat we iad feel so erialltisat that whoa it may bees= arriallattst a chief judge to quit the Bach is has t h z 7 be in time for a Mika or 1110 As =z o t es he lpi tasas thew of equanimity lonwge mow la IMP = ages will not by hp had Mr Imo lees mod. Tuts is the critical mason wherein the question of comparative scarcity or abundance for the ensuing year is mainly determined. The wheat plant is now in bloom, and upon the state of the weather whilst the blooming continues the future yield of the crop very much depends. It has been remarkable that throughout the year, since the seed time of last autumn, the wheat has grown regularity. Though the winter usual, the wheat plant did not as is frequently the . case in contrary, in the sp ring, and very backward, and some of the r. has been attributed to apprehensions which is seldom a productive one the weather has been singularly moting the growth of wheat, fall of rain having been almost amt.._ ately succeeded by very hot sunshine with warm nights. The imp rovement which, in conse quence, has taken place in the rowing wheat crops has been, during the last fortnight, greater than we ever recollect to have witnessed within a similar space of time. Should the same hot Ihreing weather pre vail during July, it is probable that the Wend will not be by any means a late one. In Lot and Sus sex, where there has been very little rails compared with that which has fallen in the &Ariel, north and west of London, the wheat has undergone great im provement, but not, we think, so much as elsewhere. In the small and heavily timbered fields of the Weald district, and where the farming is anything but Set-rate, the wheat crops look somewhat short and meagre. Barley, and oats, have also been rally benefited by the recent rains, and where the land is in moderately good condition, there is every reason to expect good crops of these grains. In the North of England and in Scotland the ac counts of the turnip plant are also very favourable, and the rain fell in the South very opportunely to produce roots. Grass, both natural and artificial, is generally rather scanty, but there is every appear ance of a more vigorous after growth. Upon the whole, therefore, it may be said that the farmers' prospects, as dependent on the season, are good; while the advance which has taken pins in prices will tend to allay that feeling of irritation to which low prices have rendered them liable., Indeed, when their political "friends," the protec thenists, are no longer able to keep that " raw" open, when the corn growers of this country shall have accommodated themselves, as they are gradually doing, to natural prices for the productions of their farms, we shall soon cease to hear any mare about agricultural distress, than we do about tempo rary or partial inconveniences other traders may suf fer from not obtaining quite as good prices for their commodities as they may have hoped or expected. Ne verthelees, the trials the agricultural in terests.have lately gone through, though by no means so severe ar often represented, have been productive of new energy and self-reliance. For instance, in Yorkshire, there was lately a meeting of farmers at Catterick to present a testimonial to ono of their body, for his services in introducing into the district all the best sew agricultural implements of the day. And that, tpa, he a locality where there are not a few of this in of the Lancashire husbandman, who, accord- Into Lead Srats tEv,objected to iron ploughs," because Soy breed weeds." So in Norfolk, at the meeting afthe County Agricultural Association, landlords and tenants agreed in asserting that success in farming mild only be attained by skill, the use of the best implements, and the best stock, and through the agency of long leases. And again we find the Suffolk farmers, at fitowmarket, after expressing a decided opinion as to the utter uselessness of agitat ing for the re-imposition of protection, agreeing to form an association to enforce the exercise of the strictest economy in all public expenses, local and general, to which the farmer is liable. They have formed themselves into an agricultural relief society, with a new to obtain, first, a repeal of the malt-tax ; secondly, an alteration of the present tithe system ; thirdly, an equitable measure of tenant right [they had better go for leases] ; fourthly, a revision of the mob of managing the county expenditure; fifthly, the abolition of the game laws; and, sixthly, the removal of restrictions on the growth of cacheable articles. Now, though the society may not do much to work out the accomplishment of any of these objects, it is something to see the farmers associating together and acting for themselves, and by themselves, in fur therance of their own views and interests without being made the mere puppets of their landlords. This is an important step towards raising the politi cal and social status of the industrious capitalists en in husbandry. Let the farmers, as the Suffolk at Stowmarket propose to do, promote the objects of the Parliamentary and Financial Reform Association, in the certainty of receiving from the town population their aid in obtaining " fair and un exclusive justice," and it will be soon found the com bined force of all our industrious interests will break down the resistance to useful changes which our landed classes have hitherto so successfully offered. great atail t and this is precisely the point upon which the speech is weaken, for tie errors are innu merable, sad easily exposed. It is emir to impose by audathosn mintatensmits upon a Bemis, tibias pith& steeled with specialities, who oast faith* the Action. To hear M. Win talk Orin= I swamped by Australian weal ef asthat e. = free trade as a disastrous expedient; ot being a glaring example of a emir' Weirdos& by liberty of commerce; of Seville (a city whisks:nose exported a bushel of corn) hemming a series. seethe. of alarm for French corn growme ; of the interest of the French wine growers in protective, of which they all complain as their nun; of the superiority of Montesquien to Adam Smith as an economist; of printed cloths being subjected to a duty of 10 per cent. in England ; of the assessed taxes in England onlyamounting to four millions sterling ; of Marseilles and Toulon not being able, if the coal duty were med dled with, to get, in war time, any coal but at 7fr. 30e. the hectolitre-1 say that to hear them and infinite other incredibly gross misstatements from the mouth of M. Thiers, delivered with incom parable assurance, it is impossible not to see that the technical part of his speech was so much dust thrown into the eyes of the people. At the close of yesterday's sitting, M. Thieve veer to reply to some remarks of M. St. Bean. He aid i there was no more puerile error than to suppose that political and commercial freedom went hand-in-hand together. lie saw that the sense of Montesquieu, who said that the freest people were the least liberal 'in commercial matters, was not appreciated. Yet no assertion was more just. Look at America; was she not covered with tariffs, to which fresh additions were continually making. It would not be contested that the price of corn would be lowered by abo lishing the duty. (Exclamations of denial on the Left.) Oh! the price would not be lowered! In that case there was no use in abolishing the duty. (Laughter and cheers.) A tariff of 20 per cent. would be quite insufficient, when values altered with such extraordinary rapidity. In 1848 the French had been obliged to get rid of their cottons at 40, 50, 00 per cent. loss. Tariffs were made, not for ordinary times merely, but for crises; they were also made to compensate the inequalities of geography and other differences between countries so =hie as France and England. Europe fancied that because Franco was so revolutionary a country she was little skilled in matters of industry. On the contrary, France was shrewder than her neighbours, and had suffered fewer commercial crises, because she was not, like those neighbours, stimulated into a fever of over production, which was followed by depressions and limes of 70 per cent. in the sale of manufactured Cs:Tariffs were made for preventing such evils. 11nd had sacrificed silks of the first quality, in which she could not vie with France, and protected common silks by a duty of 15 per cent., which nee somehow in many instances to 20 and 23 per cent. Russia also made silks, and cheaper than they were made in France. What distinguished French manufactures, was the grace and elegance of the pattern, the perfection of the execution. The labours of those ingenious designers who toiled in obscurity, were the glory of France. M. Benjamin Respell here reminded M. Thiers that to such he had applied the phrase " vile multitude." M. Thiers, seeming stung by the interruption, said that he had done his best to avoid giving a political colour to this debate, but could not decline the opportunity to explain an expression of which so much use had been made unfairly against him. No; he applied that =premien not to ingenious artists, but to those who nand such from their work. The vile multitude had frightened away those good workmen to the ateliers of London, Petersburg, and Vienna; and if foreign countries were now advancing towards com petition with France, it was due to the terror eau.- dud by the mob upon the good workman. (Cheers.) M. Pelletier demanded to speak, and made semis et the tribune, whence he was repelled by the Pre sident, and ordered to be silent. M. Thiers said that in the course of a few days they would have enough of political discussion in a deplorable arena, which never would have been opened if his advice had been followed. (Prolonged sensation.) The perfection of French goods had been the reason why their exports had doubled, while those of England had not doubled. So long as France remained at the head of civilised countries this advantage she would retain ; but she would lose it by accepting the 1 theories proposed. M. St. Beuve had invoked the example of Switzerland. That country was admi rably situated no doubt for freedom of trade ; yet that freedom had only let to it the printing of cer tain stuffs. Silks, muslins, embroidery, watches, end a few machines were all that remained. There was no more conclusive example against free trade. He implored the Assembly not to dream of entering upon a commercial policy which would ruin the spinning manufactures, the tissues, the printed stuffs of France. Although M. St. Bowe had objected to being chameterieed as a young man, M. Thaws suet repeat that he had reasoned like a young man in qualifying as he had done a system to which England owed her prosperity, and to which two young na tions, Russia and America, were owing their pro greu. The Club of the Rue des Pyramides held • meet ing on Friday night to consider the course le be adopted in the debute on revision. M. lie Bei& and M. Dc Montalembert explained that by the new form of the motion, implying a wish for total revision, was meant that the electors and the constituent might exert their full sovereignty without limitation. The meeting accepted the new form of the motion, and engaged several members to speak in the debate. Among those who consented were MM. De Broglie, Dc Montalembert, Coquerel, De Ooulard, and Lesti bondois. An evening paper publishes a manifesto of Mazaini and Ledru Rollin to the Wallachian population. The central electoral committee of the Haute- Vienne, composed of delegates of all the cantons at the department, decided in a meeting held at Limoges on the 20th inst., that the candidate of all shades of the party of order should be M. Eugene Bataille. The party of the Mountain have declared their inten tion to abstain from voting. The frequency of duels has induced the govern ment to address a circular to the procureur-general to pursue with the severest justice all persons impli cated in affairs of honour on which the law can take hold. Mr. J. Randal, envoy of the United States to St. Petersburg, has arrived in Paris. Asßox, Sines /S. which I mentioned in supposed to have .e ICOth of dissension ...lit ministers, in order that Cibralistic aid, this having " of contrary politics possibly select from of government but Ms s , -- I in former letters that the Cabralites rested di '. of foreign intervention upon inducing the Septembrietaa wished to dethrone the Queen •7 kr a republic ; this, too, having failed, a plot has up of no trifling a nature, which must also be laid "f broad shoulders of that dious party ;itis no less a to reuse the belief that the attempt at forming sea Republic will immediately take place. The , now the combined Cabralista organ, introduces to the world by the publication of certain papers socialist tenor I shall not load your columns, amide was transmitted to them by • friend from eel of which it says, " There ie note more lament ing!, of how much the labour in the Peninsula to carry ihta of Maszini against religion, the throne, anu iftflpissat organisation of society." The belief is endeavoured to be inculcated, that the docu ments were sent from Seville to Evora, from the latter place la Mow, the grand focus of Cabralista intrigue, and from thews they found their way to Lisbon. The correspondent el 111. Estandarge says he has seen may copies. This is doubted; but under what circumstances he has seen ruo is another thing. They wish it to be believed that in Spain, and Saldanha in Portugal, are the two heads of the embryo republican party. Scree has been published, stating that as the time didlisary for carrying into effect the process relative to the of deputies, mentioned in • simultaneous decree of the 18th, for regulating the elections, and whisk l met yet published), the meeting of the Cortes is pose r.' to the 15th of November. The decree in question wiry volumMous, and will be published by piecemeal. "hi American frigate did not salute the French flag es ht arrival in the Tagus ; a misunderstanding between the tesh to on the subject of the islands in the la the alleged cause. chief command of the militia battalions, held by the Miesepsis of Fronteira, with his staff, is abolished. RR R. Pakenham had his first audience of the Queen on ilse nth, at a private court at Necessidadee, which was M issed by the Cardinal Patriarch, the principal officers of the royal household, the gentlemen of the chamber, the Ministers and Councillors of State, the Honorary Ministers of State, and many others. On delivering his credentials, Sir Richard made the following speech in French— " I have the honour to deposit in your Majesty's hands, the letters by which the Queen, my august sovereign, has deigridd to accredit me Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at your Majesty's court. In the discharge of a commission so honourable to me, I should fail in my first duty were I not to express to your Majesty the great interest which the Queen takes in all that relates to the personal happiness of your Majesty and of your royal con sort, and for the prosperity of your dominions. The ties which have for so long a time united the kingdoms of Portugal and Great Britain have produced the best har mony and the most amicable understanding between the two crowns. I shall consider myself happy, madsme, if by my humble efforts I shall be able to contribute to the main tenance of those happy relations, and fulfilling this mission I presume to reckon upon the benevolent confidence of your Majesty, and upon the frank co-operation of the ministers of your crown." Ilex Majesty replied, also in French, as follows: " I receive with extreme pleasure, with the letters which accredit you envoy extraordinary and minister plenipoten tiary of your august sovereign near my person, the assur ances of the sentiments which animate her Majesty towards me and the king, my august consort, se well as the wishes for the happiness of the people confided to my government. I I i ghly sensible of such evident proof's of the lively interest which I occasion her, and of the desire to draw closer those tics of friendship which so happily subsist between our two crowns I request you will assure your benevolent sovereign that i shall not cease to employ all my efforts to meet such a desire. As to what respects you, Senor Minister, it pleases me to assure you that the noble qualities with which you are endowed, the zeal and talents of which you have given proof in the service of your country, must be to you a solid guarantee of my benevolence, and of the value in which I held the choice which her Britannic Majesty has deigned to make of you as her representatiee at my court." A vessel having the appearance of being built for slaving, described as the Palhabot Aguia, sailed for Bahia un the 18th, with • crew of ten persons. A Spanish corvette, of 18 guns, entered the Tagus in the yening of the 21st. The balance that remained in the treasury on the 7th, and the amount received in the week ending the 14th, amounted to 11.5,519,919 rein, and the payments to 108,462,274 reis, leaving a balance in the treasury of 37,057,675 eels '- . ~, ..i ..., , •1 , ) - ..1 :Or PAPRIAS i '• M Y. t • JVNE, 30, 1,11,11. ,! -*I / au ' lf,-; .1 ..- ' • • .. - . with s=l b: '. • • Tre .:e hile ' !l. PORTUGAL. -..e. er be v e rz ° ; than, 4 e "bees are sant* esesysl . to which . either nor else.*l l 7 correspondent writes u follows: ' ' • . mild wintierfeusthe rental/Vass orbit prospect of thew ap i . 7 . LISBON, :inn 10. [ until recently, it was merely exercise the public mind for eco- Tim, premmed change of ministry, which I mentioned in A he recent rise of price comical questions theoretically. Still the advocacy rag last, turns out to have been a report, supposed to have shit maims of a late harvest, of such doctrines by the Mats is a sigh that the got up by the Cabratists to sow the seeds of dissension f ro , one. Of late, however, most intelligent part of the bourreitie iagetling gut. the suppersta of the present ministers, in order that , kir suitable far pro. dually Imbed therewith . tbe driven to seek Cabralistie aid, this haring "'" Erteswieree begins to load all of contrary polities the wheat, a considerable The speeehl of M. Mere was Tole. effective in the ' every opprobrious name he could possibly select from pan ten elmoet . immedi - Assembly than it will be oat of doors.. It affects !be and attaeks every system of government but ter ' GERMANY. The news from Germany is that Prussia has for warded to the Diet at Frankfort a demand in form to the effect that the Prussian non-German territories incorporated in 1848 into the confederation may be separated as before. This shows no tendency on the part of Prussia to admit Austria's non-German states. _ Our correspondent writes : FRANKFORT, Juxt 30. • - • -- • The expense incurred by the Bavarian government in maintaining the Bavarian army on a war footing during the last three months of the year 1(430 has amounted to nearly three millions and a half of florins, the sum voted by the parliament for the purpose being about two millions eight hundred thousand. The present strength of the Ba varian army is about 43,000 men. Negotiations are in progress between the university of Heidelberg and Professor Licbig, the renowned chemist, by which the former hope to detach him from Giessen, and to secure his services in Heidelberg. General Radowits has bougkt a house in Erfurt, where he will remain. It is not likely that he will return to the active service of the Prussian army; he devotes himself en• tirely to literary and scientific labours. The second part of his work, " Conversations on State and Church," is about to be published in Berlin. TURKEY. A letter from Constantinople, dated June 15, says : Important news has been received from Dsghistan cid Trebisonde. All the correspondence from Tiflis gives more or less the details of the successes of the mountaineers over the Russians. who have suffered immense loss. The leader of the Daghlees is Mohamed Emin, the naib (or lieutenant) of Sheikh Chuail, who, at the head of 25,000 picked men of the warlike tribes of the Abedjeks, and other independent tribes of the Western Caucasus, had attacked the Russian entrenchments of the Chenis, and driven the Russian troops under the command of General Cerebrionoff, beyond Themer. The engagements which took place were bloody and disastrous, and the Russians suffered so severely that all the spare waggons of the army were barely sufficient to carry their wounded away. Their loss, according to an impartial statement, is calculated at 5,000 in killed and prisoners. The mortality in comparison is by far greater among the officers than among the privates. The position of the Rue elan army is very insecure at present, on account of the communications between Thcmer and the Kouban being intercepted, and owing to the vigilance of the Daglees it is impossible to scud reinforcements in that direction for some time to come. The mountaineers boast at present of being well supplied with ammunition and arms, and ready to con tinue the war against the invaders of their homes through out the whole summer season. By the above it is clearly ascertained that the Russians have made no progress what ever in the conquest of the Caucasus this year, and I doubt not both they and their intended victims must have become heartily tired of this dreadful and protracted warfare. The independence of the mountaineers will exist for years to come, no matter the measures brought against it. But a treaty of peace effected by a powerful nation, and acknow ledged by the two parties, would ensure the amelioration of agriculture, prosperity, and wealth, where but ruin and desolation at present exist. I am happy to say that negotiations are on foot for libe rating the eight Hungarian refugees at Kutaya. It is high time something should be done for these unfortunate fel lows. According to the demands of Austria, they must embark direct for the United States ; on that condition alone she sanctions their liberty. On the other hand, Turkey will be right glad to get rid of Kossuth and his fol lowers, who have cwt the treasury a considerable sum of money. LAUNCH OF TILE AMAZON.---On Saturday last the launch of a new steam ship called the Amazon, which has been built by Messrs. R. and 11. Green, for the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company, took place at the ship yard of that firm at Blackwell. The Amazon, which is said to be the largest wooden steamer hitherto built in this kingdom is of the following dimensions: length over all, 300 feet„ breadth of beam 41 feet, and depth of hold 32 feet. The height between decks is 8 feet, and her tonnage measure ment amounts to 2,218 tons. Her engines, which have been constructed by Messrs. Seaward and Capel, of Lime. house, are nominally of 800 horse power, hut it is anticipated that when the improvements which have been introduced into them are in operation they will work up to at least double that power. The Amazon is the first steamer built for the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company by Messrs. Green, and she is intended to trade between Southampton and the West Indies. There were upwards of 300 persons invited on the occasion. The ceremony of " christening" was performed by Lady Alfred Puget, and shortly after 1 o'clock, all the arrange ments being complete, the " dog shores " were knocked away, and the vessel glided safely and majestically into the river, amidst the cheers of those present. FIRE AT NOTTINGRAII.—On Saturday afternoon about four o'clock, a fire broke out in the workshop of Mr. Middleton, carver and gilder, Woolpack•lane, Nottingham. By sic o'cluek the fire was extinguished, but not before the building was completely gutted. The loss altogether, in eithboa tile building, is estimated at nearly 1,0004. Hail it happeded a few weeks ago it would have been considerably more, as at that time the premises were filled with pictures and frames of great value. 4 4i 1 7 1 ; 1/2 T" sis UNITED STATES. ARRIVAL OF THE ASIA. GREAT FIRS SAN FRANCISCO. About 8 on Saturday evening the royal mail steam 'ship Asia, Captain Judkins, arrived in the Mersey ken New York direct, with mails and despatches Ara the United States and the British provinces to the 18th inst., and having on board upwards of 130 I fsiisengers, with the immense sum of nearly a quar ter of a million pounds sterling in specie on freight. On her outward voyage the Asia arrived out at :New York on the 4th inst. at about 8 a.m. ;on her return voyage she passed, on the 19th inst., at 4.30 a.m., the brigantine Despatch, and about half an hour after wards tibe royal mail steam-ship Niagara. The Galway voyage is abandoned. The steam ship North America was sold for 200,000 dollars, to I run between Itealejo and San Francisco, in connec tion with Commodore Vanderbilt's Nicaragua line. She was to have left for Galway about the same hour that her sale was effected. The negotiation that re sulted in her detention, was effected while her pas sengers were on board and her steam was up, ready for departure. Captain IL J. Vandewater, the agent, who sold her, immediately engaged rooms for her passengers in the steamer Pacific, of the Collins , The extra session of the New York legislature commenced on the 10th inst. The governor's mes sage gave an esplicit statement of the reasons for enlarging the canals, with an exposition of the con stitutionality of the measure. An unofficial statement has been made in regard to the policy of the Secretary of State on Central American affairs, which is supposed to be entitled to credit. It is said that Mr. Webster proposes a joint protectorate with England and France for the secu rity of the Central American States, for the adjust ment of questions at issue between each other, and for free action in respect to any line of communication which it might be for the interest of the commercial world to have constructed between the Atlantic and Pacific. A similar proposition with reference to Hayti is also in contemplation. Great damage has been caused on the banks of the Mississippi by a great overflow of that river. The waters have not risen so high within the lust 23 years. The Mexican Boundary Commission, at our latest advicee from Texas, were still at El Paso and vi cinity. The commencement of the survey had been fixed upon the Rio Grande, about 23 miles below Dona Ana. The exercise of Lynch law at El Paso is said to be carried to a frightful extent, some 15 Americans and Mexicans having been hung or shot within the space of two weeks. The crops through out the greater part of Texas are remarkably promis ing. The growth of the cotton crop for the past few weeks has been truly surprising. The latest accounts from Mexico present a highly discouraging view of the political condition of tho country. No measure was adopted by Congress pre vious to its adjournment for the relief of the finances. The proposal to endow the President with extraor dinary powers in that department of the government was lost by a lar' e , majority . An extra session of Congress was to be called in a few days. A short time before the adjournment of Congress official despatches were presented to the Chamber of De puties from the Commandant General of Sonora, stating that an expedition was on foot at San Diego for the invasion of Lower California. The intelli gence was received with doubt in the city of Mexico; but, in the opinion of the leading journals, the present course of the government tended to provoke an invasion, which would include Lower California, Sonora, and Tehuantepec. The present relation with the United States, which had been seriously em barrassed by the course of the legislature and of the press, involved the very existence of the Mexican Republic. —The arrival of Gen. La Vega at Cain peachy, which took place on the 20th ult., was wel comed by the authorities with general enthusiasm. The war had taken a turn in favour of the whites. Colonel Rosado had made a successful excursion into the eastern portion of the peninsula, reducing a great number of the rebels to subjection. The city of Carmen, which was nearly destroyed by fire on two occasions last year, has suffered another extensive conflagration, which was supposed to have been caused by incendiaries intent on the destruction of the city. A riot occurred near Philadelphia on June 17 at Red Bank, a few miles below the city, on the Jersey side. A German ball was given at the house of J.A. Diver, which was attended by a number of disrepu table persons from the city. The ball progressed quietly until about one o'clock, when a number of persons went into the bar-room and attacked Mr. I Diver and his assistants. A severe fight ensued, the neighbours were aroused, and, after about two hours, a sufficient force was collected to disarm and arrest 17 of the rioters, who were sent to Woodbury Gaol. Mr. Diver is badly injured, having received several stabs, and he is not expected to live. Three of his asistents were badly beaten, and also some of the =ours. During the disturbance the bar was open and robbed. Much excitement has been occasioned by the occurrence. The steam-ship Alabama had arrived, with two weeks later news from California—the dates being to May 15. She came via Acapulco. A terrible fire had occurred in San Francisco, laving iii ashes pro perty to the amount of 15,000,000 . d015. Among the buildings destroyed are the Custom House, Union, Parker's, National, New World, City, Delmonico's, and the Exchange Hotels ; also, Rose's Buildings, and the offices of the steam ship company. The lire also spread to the shipping, burning a large number of vessels which were lying at their wharves. It was first discovered in Clay-street, and ran through about one dozen blocks, quickly spreading . to other parts of the city, the greater part of which is a heap of ruins. The buildings on Hunter, George, Main, Center, and El Dorado-strects, are reduced to mere shells. The utmost consternation prevailed during the fire, and thousands were turned out of house and home, having lost their all. Measures were about being adopted to relieve the distressed. It is feared that a number of lives have been lost. Later accounts state that nearly the whole of San Francisco was in ashes. Every newspaper office, except the Alta Calprnia, was destroyed. The lose is estimated at 12,000,000 dols. to 16,000,000 dole. Business was not thought of. San Francisco presents a sorrowful and heart-sickening picture. The news from the mines continues of a cheering character. New discoveries were daily made, and the prospects of the miners were highly favourable. Those working with the quartz crushing machines were reaping a rich reward. In some instances the average per man was 30 dole. to 50 dols, per day. Lynch law is still in force, and several new instances have occurred. • DESTRUCTIVE STORM IN WISCONMIN,—A core spondent of the Milwaukee Comnserrial Adrertiser of the 9th instant gives a deplorable account of a storm which passed over Walworth County on the previous Saturday night. He is not very clear as to the localities, hut speaks of the swelling of Duck Lake, and con ' sequent damage of the Canal. A house on Duck Creek was blown from its foundation, and turned topsey-turvey the inmates, with the exception of one female, having previously rushed out she 'being badly crushed among the falling timbers. The house of P. Brown, near the head of the lake, was blown some nine rods from its foundation. Mr. Brown, wife, and two children, and a young man, were in the house at the time. All except the children were much injured, but it is thought not dangerously. The children were asleep in a trundle bed under the bed of their parents, and thus escaped unhurt. It is stated that, from the appearance of the ruins, the house must have been taken bodily from its foundation, and struck first upon its ridge. This, of course, seems incredible ; but, if it is true, the escape of the family, or a member of it, is almost miraculous. To show the extraordinary force of the whirlwind it is also stated that a jack oak near the house was torn up by its roots, and conveyed some distance into an adjoining field. In one place, on Bloom Prairie, about 20 acres of meadow land were cell from the subsoil to the depth of three feet, by the rushing water, and deposited in unzouth masses some distance below. Many other instances of a similar cha racter, but le sin magnitude, have been reported. So far as is now heard from, not • bridge or dam remains— everything is swept clean. A letter received by L. B. Goodsell, of Milwaukee, from Jas. Simmons, Esq., of isPlienry county, 111., 14 miles south of here, contains the intelligence that about 2.3 houses were blown down in High land Prairie, and that three persons were killed in one house.—C. M. Baker, Esq., well known as one of the re visers, who lives upon the south side of the outlet, attempted about sunrise this morning to ford the lake at a narrow point above the crevasse. He hist a jug in one hand, a tin pail in the other, and was mounted on a powerful horse, that would do all that horseflesh is capable of performing to keep its rider's head shove water. He had passed safely bout ten rods when the horse plunged headlong into a hole in the gravel that had been worn by the current dur ing the night and disappeared. When they came up Mr. B was hanging to the reins and still firmly mounted. The force of the current, however, was so great as to draw them into the stream and down through the break in the on- bankment. Mr. 8., finding himself unable to direct the horse, slid gently off behind, and, seizing him by the tail, abandoned himself to the chances of this novel and some what perilous voyage. Having thus passed the foaming rapids where the water was rushing through the break in the embankment, they floated through an eddy and were erred—all but the jug —that, Mr. 8., like a consistent tee totaller, as he is, threw away. FRANCE. PARIS, SATURDAY EVSNIND. M. Thiers was not mistaken when he foretold yes- , terday in the tribune, with a sardonic smile, the severity with which his doctrines would be judged of by a great portion of the press. 'f he reasoning of "1 M. biers is in fact such as in a great measure re futes itself, and, acted upon, would drive Europe back to the days of his idol, Colbert. Nevertheless, a speech so rich in facts, so animated in style, dealing with a subject of such pre-eminent interest, in a larggee and historical form, and touching so happily upon the great fact of the day, the Crystal Palace, will be read with equal interest by all shades of opinion. I send you the more readily the fullest translation which I have been able to make of M. Thicres speech [we give this translation elsewhere), as I am sure that even by the staunchest free trers such a thorough-going combatant for protection will be received with the honours due to a brave enemy. M. Thiess, in descending from the tribune, was warmly congratulated by his friends. The discussion was then again adjourned. The sitting was brought to a close at half-past six. In the Assembly, the debate upon M. St. Benve's motion was resumed by M. Howyn Tranchere, who supported it amid the noise of private conversations. . M. Fould declared on the part of the government that it could not accept the motion, which would be a dangerous experiment for industry and for the treasury. M. St. Beate spoke amid renewed signs of impatience. M. Thiers demanded to speak. The debate would close to-day with the rejection of the propositions by a large majority. L The review at Savory came off at so early an hour • this morning that the curious were completely I thrown out. It began at 7, and by half-past 10 was entirely over. The reason assigned for this is the L excessive heat of the more advanced hours at this season, which has been certainly justified by the result, for we have had a tropical suu this afternoon. SCNDAT EVENINO. At the close of the Assembly's sitting on Saturday, the free trade motion of M. St. Bcuvc was rejected by a majority of 428 against 199. The number of this minority might mislead as to the number of free traders in the Assembly. The fact is that the taking of the motion into considera tion would only have implied that the Assembly was prepared to discuss, not the question of free trade, bat the reform of the tariff. Therefore the majority of 424 measures the force of the party who are op posed to all alteration of the present system. ether hand, among the 200 who desire immediate ' reforms in the commercial legislation, the party of free traders is itself in a minority. The motion would in all probability have been taken into consi deration but for the inopportuneness of opening a debate tending to agitate the whole country at a moment when topics of agitation are so rife, itad while the great question of 1852 is pending. BELGIUM.—The ministry hming made a cabinet Ttimieclaration of the government against free trade, question of the duty on inheritance in direct line, littered through the organ of the Minister of Finance, the Chamber adopted the principle of this tax by 61 must be taken in this sense, and interpreted as a pro- , votes against 31. All the amendments were rejected, test rather against the opportnniq than the doctrine. and the bill of the government adopted. The President, no less than M. Leon Faucher, is' SWITZERLAND.—The old Swiss coinage is to known to lean towards liberal principle-4 in commer- be replaced by an entirely new money. Circula-a vial legislation, and if the fortune of Louis Napoleon have been sent by the federal counc il to f ore i gn issue triumphant from the approaching struggle, the governments, announcing this change, in order that question of a reformed tariff will be one of the first t h e h o ld ers o f S w i ss money may be warned. to engage his M. flier, seem gosvernm thro e wn out at this moment. The elaborate sp nt eec wi h th of PIEDMONT.—The subscriptions demanded by the ..r gov o crn . m us en e t x for the lc!anount n to 33 millions the design of rallying the protectionist party, so Lin e co l v ,x d, 18 xecn ol g i ...try 15 nail s the amount strong m Prance, against the President, by out bidding the government in opposition to commercial , reforms. It is curious that while M. Thiers is thus , TIIE LEVANT.—By the Levant mail we have thrusting himself conspicuously forth as the leader of, received Constantinople journals to the 14th, and the protectionist i party, and the absolute determined ' Athens journals to the 18th, both incl us i ve ly ; t h e i r foe of all innovation n the retro;rade commercial contents are nearly destitute of interest. The Smyrna policy of France, the journal or the other fraction of Ith i strtiot states that letters have been received from the Orleanist party, the haat., should be strenuously Ode s i of the Ist of June. which announce that the advocating free-trade doctrines. The solution of crops in the Crimea had suffered severely front the this mystery lies in the fact of M. 'fhicris speech drought and from locusts. SPAIN. MADRID, ire' 24. The pregnancy of the Queen of Spain will be offi cially announced on the 10th of July. The Queen has subscribed 40,0004 to the enterprise for bringing water to Madrid. The debate on the vote of coral . denee was not resumed in the sitting of yesterday. To-day being the fet• of St. John, there is no sitting of the Cortes. The Bolas also was closed. CANADA. The Canadian legislature is awaiting the result of the negotiation between Sir Henry Ilulwer and the United States government, in regard to a reci procity of trade. If this should prove ineffectual, measures of a retaliatory character will be submitted to the parliament. It is proposed to close.theyelland Canal against American vessels bound to any port on the Lakes, no obstacle being presented to those which go direct from Lake Eric to the Ocean. The bargain and sale of Sir Allan M'Nab is fully asserted by the opposition journals, and thus far has not met with a denial. Mr. Mackenzie has announced his intention of bringing in a bill for the abolishing of the Court of Chancery, and conferring equity jurisdiction on the common law court, and another for breaking up the monopoly of the legal profession and allowing every man to plead in the courts. Mr. Stanton, the late collector of Toronto, has been cast in damages to the amount of 4,000 dollars for defalcation in the discharge of his duty. [For Commercial Intelligence see laat page.) INDIA. THE OVERLAND MAIL. By the overland mail we have the usual files, and our correspondence in advance to the following dates : Bombay, the 26th of May; Calcutta, the 13th; and Madras the 17th of May. Our correspondent writes as follows: BOMBAY, MAT 26. The mail which leaves this for England to-day would, in the ordinary season, have been despatched on the 3rd proximo. The usual mid-monthly mails are suspended during the monsoon, and those of the 3rd of the month have to be sent off on the 26th of the preceding month, a light despatch being for warded on the 6th of each month to Madras to meet the mail from Calcutta, and thus make up as it best may for the suspension of the mid-monthly mails of June, July, and August. The steam frigate Sesostris, with the mails of the 24th April, from London, reached this yesterday afternoon, just in time to permit of replies being sent to letters received by parties at the presidency. It is currently rumoured and believed that the Governor-General intends to return to Calcutta im mediately after the rains. The reason assigned for this is that he has disapproved of some of the mea sures of the Bengal government; but it may be that the real cause is his having received a strong hint from his honourable masters that it would tend more to their interests if he wandered less from home than he has been in the habit of doing. The noble marquis has, it is said, recommended that the chief magistracy and post mastership at Calcutta, each worth about 3,1H10/. pin. an num, shall not as heretofore be confined entirely to the civil service. It is most probable that these offices will be in future conferred on gentlemen of the uncovenanted service on a much reduced scale of salary. A series of most destructive hurricanes have just occurred to the south of Bombay between the line and 15 deg. N. latitude. The first near Ceylon, and another at Madras, in which no fewer than fifteen vessels and eighteen human lives have been lost. The following uecouut of the destruction caused by these visitations is taken from a local paper: On Friday, the 25th of April, the first symptoms of the setting in of the S.W. monsoon made :their appearance, a violent thunderstorm, a severe fall of rain, and heavy gale of wind having then occurred. The ship, Colombo and Aboukir were prevented by it from sailing, though ready to put to sea. For five days the storm continued to rage, and on the Ist of May the country brigs Algerine and Side cores Carolina broke from their moorings, ran ashore, and soon became total wrecks : the brig Zoe soon afterwards followed, and the Colombo, after dragging her anchors for some distance, took the ground, beached ever, and was speedily dashed to pieces, with the loss of seven of her crew. These are all the particulars that have yet reached us, our dates extending only to the Bth, at which date the gale seems to have moderated We shall yet, we fear, have many accounts of disaster to relate not yet known to us. On the sth a furious hurricane visited Madras, and swept across the Peninsula of India ; about eleven inches of rant fell on the Coromandel coast within 21 hours, and nearly a similar amount in the ceded districts. The appearance of the tempest became manifest on the 28th, and from this date tho weather continued threatening and squally: betwixt tho 2nd and sth 18.5 inches of rain fell, so as to relieve the suf. fering from drought that had for some time prevailed. One brig was driven on shore at the outset of the gale, and dashed to pieces almost immediately as she struck : nine brigs or native craft, of smaller size, were soon afterwards wrecked, twelve were missing,—eleven men were drowned, while heavy losses, the extent of which cannot as yet be as certained, occurred all along the coast to the north and south. The mischief occasioned by the torrents ou shore seems to have been very great indeed : foundations were un dermined, tanks burst, and roads cut up. In my letter of the 17th April, I mentioned that a very large iron steamer, the Falkland, built for the navigation of the Indus by the East India Company, had just been launched. I regret to state that this fine vessel has been totally lost on the voyage up to Kurrachee. She left this on the Ist May, under convoy of the Berenice steamer, and on the 6th, when within 30 miles of her destination, she was suddenly broken right in two by the swell steed by the hurricane which had just taken place to the southward, and sunk almost immediately in deep water. Fortunately but one life was lost—that of a quartermaster—all the rest having been saved by the boats of the Berenice and Napier, which were fortunately close at hand when the accident occurred. The loss to government is about 20,0001. The Falkland was the most beautiful vessel of her class in this couutry, but was considered ill adapted for the service for which she was designed. The new iron steamer Indus, meant to have been des patched a few weeks atter the Falkland, has, since the mishap to the latter, been ordered to be laid up in ordinary at Bombay until November nest. I regret to have to record the loss of another ves sel by fire in the Hooghly, On the 13th inst. the clipper Ariel was burnt off the mouths of the Hooghly, when cargo to the value of 100,0001. was de stroyed. The Buckinghamshire, Kurramany, Arda seer, and Ariel, have all been burnt in these seas within a period of two months, and all, save the Ar dimmer, which is doubtful, have been destroyed by in cendiaries at a loss of little short of a quarter of a million pounds sterling. I regret to mention that cholera has been very prevalent in Bombay of late, and has committed sad ravages amongst the Europeans on board the Ajdaha steam frigate in our harbour, where nearly all the cases proved fatal, one midshipman and seven European seamen having fallen victims to this theadfid scourge of the human race. The epi demic disappeared immediately the Ajdaha was sent to sea for change of air, she having since returned to port with a clean bill of health. She has been for some time provisioned and ready to start, if required, with troops for the Cape. Her Majesty's 86th and the Ist Bombay European Regiment (Fusiliers) now at Poona, and Her 'Majesty's 18th Foot (Royal Irish), at Calcutta, have been ordered, it is said, to hold themselves in readiness to proceed to reinforce Sir Harry Smith, who seems to have got himself into an ugly " tie with the Enifirs. The following items of local news are taken from the Bombay Times Orerland Summary of this date : The Wheel Tax Commissioners have closed their labours and given in their report. There is said to be no sufficient ground for criminal action against any of the suspected parties, but one of the culprits will, it is said, be allowed to turn Queen's evidence, and strange disclosures may then be looked for. None of the Europeans are said to be suspected of dishonesty, but the extreme negligence is some things exhibited by them, and derangement of their own pecuniary affairs, is said to be represented as greatly tending to im keir the efficiency of the police establishment. Mr. W. E. Frere has been appointed to enquire into the affairs of the Settanee Joetabhaie, widow of a banker at Baroda, who enjoyed the protection of the British government, and left a heritage of nearly a million sterling to two sons. The Settanee having cona• planted of the mismanagement of her affairs by her man of business, Baba Naftlay, VMS at once robbed by the wretch, of her child, on the plea of its being spurious, and she her self placed under constraint, and stated to have been an adultress, but never a mother. Having got possession of the baby, he managed to delude his own government and the British resident at the court into the belief that the Set tanee was what he termed her. Col. Outram, on his return from Egypt a twelvemonth since, determined to institute a searching scrutiny into the matter. He tint discovered the • enormous corruption that had been resorted to,then convicted . Baba Natilay tit fraud, established the theft, and afterwards the genuineness of the child, and finally cleared the L character of the widow of every imputation that had been brought against her. Ultimately he instituted a minute ' 01