The Express. — London, England, 1857-12-22 00:00:00

WO DADA NIWII LONDON MORNING tamed...MD= li = mata .. " 4 7o:ftwordd malamies mi the 111116 a = mosal67o.l l • ll* mpg Is ig "Arouvar ts SWAMI UP nu Ala Trl a r=ib. lad.= 114 2 1=11 111 II lip TIAILP We MOST. Illib OrMOITII &WIRT 9 4. .01. th.slamor dm gal. =1111 .4 11•11 - 8 d lir at la Ss Maim ; sr el Mit assa NM Pi ng% Vat t Edim Inns lw wirr. irtit eXiOrtfili. Idwdomedie Monad kr ollie illeNek . I.7didi . Fusty MIK art lie at ad 011144 10. lowedwideue. W Tv• Mae le de dip el poilindla AT/I IA IZ 4. un... tIIIpIIAL MA Mama P 0160.08.1/. MIL TAN F Wrg , e. a ltV i tal L tl OarlArgOVM 14.1*Isme&—Aa4 MI MA 017AJIDALVSLIAsurresi PRINCIIIIIIII. Lobro.% • CASS 001ISCIANL-4•1 ILICILaIt. Me MOND. Kr. sad lb& 14/SM , Pflea SNI aws& Tom WI na sal Irsddl. MO MY= Mark dam GM ~:' ZrAI HIGH WLTIZ AT LIM= 1111111:101. =ma l Ti= tra LONDON. TUESDAY. DECEMBER 22. Trot late mosey crisis in the United States, like everythigg e Ise in that gigantic and go-ahead Republic. was on a scale of the most colossal magnitude. During the intensity of the panic all the ordinary representatiree of value had for a time disappeared; paper was worthless, coin was not to be had, and the Union was reduced to a state of barter. Such a convulsion happening in the Old World would hare been felt as a grave national calamity, and years must have elapsed before commerce renewed its vigour or credit regained its elasticity. The States, however, hare not yet outlived the happy immuni ties of youth. Nothing can long oppress the exube rant buoyancy of their spirits, or daunt the assurance of their self-confidence. They put • bold face on ruin and show • brave heart under bankruptcy. They scramble out of scrapes with the awe reck lessness they display in rushing into them; and while sober observers are bewailing what seems an irretrievable plunge into catastrophe, they emerge out of the depths of disaster, trim and active, slick and smart, ready for another headlong gallop after dollars, oblivious of the past and careless of the future. The last convulsion, however, was so tremendous, and its occurrence is so recent, that even thc recupe rative energy of the most active and fearless people in the world has not yet been able to shake off the profound impression it was calculated to produce. There can be little doubt that few portions of Mr. IiteIIIANAN . 4 Message will have commanded More general attention across the Atlantic than those in which he addmeses himself to the causes and the remedies of the lamentable state of things which lies produced Inch deep discredit and such widespread disaster. With regard to the muses of the late coevulmon, it is impossible that any lan. gunge can be more precise and unheai'ating than that of the I'IILSIUDIT. He traces all that has hap pened entirely to derangements of capital, credit, and currency, &tieing from an ill-regulated banking system. "It is apparent," he says, " that our "existing misfortunes ham promeded solely from 0 oar estravegent and vicious system of " paper currency and bank credit, exciting " people to wild speculation and gambling in " stocks." The muse causes, if allowed to exist unchecked, mast la the Parsiorer's opinion inevi tably lead to a repetition of the same disasters. " The.. revulsion. must continua to recur at saxes " Mee interim/a as long as the amount of the paper " carresey, and beak loans and discounts of the " meaty shall be left to the discretion of 1,4(10 " irresponsible banking institutions, which, from the " very law of their natant, will consult the interests " of their stockholders lather than the public wel " fare." Mr. 13Cl lIANAX will find a very general I assent to these view, in the minds of all thought/al and competently informed men—at all events oa this ►ide the Atlantic. It is one thing to maintain, as some have done, that the overissue of convertible hank notes is the sole cause of monetary coovullons; it is quite another thing to maintain that it is a eonnerrent MM. Mr. BITHANAN doe. not put it higher than this. He does not advert to an excess of piper currency" as the single producing cause of the recent catastrophe, but couples with it a contem poraneous excess of " bank loans and discounts " in other words, of all that is generally understood by banking accommodation. It has always appeared to us that a rery transparent fallacy is involved in the celebrated position that there cannot be a redundant issue of convertible bank notes. If by this is simply meant that you cannot keep out in the hands of Ike public a greater quantity of such notes than the im mediate exigencies of the circulation require, the proposition in question affirms not only a truth, but • truism. If, on the other hand, it is meant that a power of issuing bank notes, subject to no other restriction than convertibility, may not be abused so u to become a co-operative means of lending an artificial and dangerous stimulus to spe culation and overtrading—in this sense the proposi tion is not true. The recent experience of the United States is conclusive on this point. What has been the result of the action of these 1,400 banks, all alike empowered to issue notes, which by law are convertible into specie ! We take our answer from the PRESIDENT'S Message. "In a recent re " port," sau Mr. BUCHANAN, " made by the Tres " sury department on the condition of the banks " throughout the different States, according to re " turn, dated nearest to January, 1867 , the eggs*- " gate amount of actual specie in their vaults is 58,349, ,4 38 dole. ; of their circulation, 214,778,822 " dole.; and of their dep05ita,230,331,332d015. Thus it "appears that these banks in the aggregate have " considerably less than i.e. dollar in stares of gold and " silver compared with theircheulation and deposits." That such should be the result of American bank management notwithstanding an influx of gold from California, amounting in the last eight years to no less than four hundred millions of dollars, undoebt edly points to a mast extravagant extension both of note irises and bank credits. It is satisfactory to find that the monetary princL plea held by the First Magistrate of the United States are thoroughly rational and sound. He distinctly annouoees that the first duty which • beak owes to the public is to keep within its 'realm • sufficient quantity of gold and silver to innate the convertibility of its notes into coin at all times and under all circumstances. He declares that '' no hank ought ever to be chartered without such " restrictions on its business as to secure this result. " All other restrictions are comparatively vain. " This," he mays amphatisedly, " is the only true " tonchstee•—the auly sill lent regulator el a " paper carreney--the only eso which eau guard " the public against over hones and bank " euspensions." Nothing can be more just than these principles. Unfortunately, however, it is more easy to announce principles than to act upon them ; and it is more difficult than either to enforce their practical obscrvanoe upon others. Mr. BLTHANA3I is compelled frankly to admit that in this matter the Federal Government is all but powerless. It is not at all clear to the Pannwrxv that even the creation of a National Bank would do much towards remedying the evil; but it is abundantly clear to him that the creation of such • Bank has become a constitutional impossibility. Unable to initiate or even to suggest any autlio ritative legislation on the 'abject, the chief magistrate of the Union is reduced to the humbler province of tendering his advice and recommendation. lie relies on the patriotism and wisdom of the separate States for the prevention and redress of the evil. The practical measures that he ventures to submit for their consideration are these:-1. To secure a real specie basis of circulation by raising the denomination of bank notes, first to 20 dollars, and afterwards to 60. 2. To require of all banks that they keep on hand one dollar of gold and silver for every three dollars of circulation and depoeits. 3. To provide that suspension of specie paymenth shall always involve bankruptcy. 4. To compel a weekly publication by every bank of the true state of its accounts. Of these provisions there is only one which the PlalliDanT considers it is within the power of Congress to enforce by federal Legislation, and that is the rule making it, in the forcible language of Mr. BUCNANAN, " an irre versible organic law of each bank's existence that " a suspension of speeie payments should produce its " civil death." It is tolerably clear, however, that the P RE% I DENT has not much faith in the efficacy of any positive legislation on this subject which is at all likely to be put in force. Acknowledging the benefit and the necessity of • well regulated banking system, he is at least equally alive to the calamitous results arising from its abuses, and concludes with a declaration that if no adequate remedy for those proved abuses can be found," it would be a lesser evil " to deprive the existing institutions altogether of " the power to issue a paper currency, and confine " them to the function of banks of deposit and " discount." Such are the results of Mr. lII:MASA:4' s reflections on the American banking system. l■ the recent experience of the States, and in the tone and tenor of this portion of the PRESIDENTS address, it is impossible not to find abundant reason for compa rative satisfaction with our own currency system —a system admitting, without doubt, of consider able improvement in detail, bat which in its main principles is beyond all question substantially sound. A 81N(.1.e trait of daily life often casts more light on the state of society in a country than the most elaborate explanations. Here is one which shows what the chasm is that the PuestnEsr of the United States proposes to bridge over with shams and dreams and gossamer cove tssies. Most of our readers have probably seen the print from Senerrea's picture of " Currier the Consoler ;" but some ha•e not, and for them we will joist explain that in this most af•cting picture Comm is enthroned in the centre, and that Ile, on the one hand, " heals the broken-hearted," and on the other, affords "deliverance to the captives.' The group of mourners consists, of the mother weeping over hoe dead infant ; the woes of genius personified in Tauao, the Christian epic poet ; a group of three women, the aged widow, the young widow (her child unborn), and the young girl, manifesting the three phases of trust—faith, resignation, and hope; while the group of men behind them yield the converse moods —unbelief, rebellion, and despair, in the characters of the infidel, the recusant, and the intending sui. Bide. These are the mourners. (In the other hand of the Deliverer AM the captives : Mute released from sin by tears, " because she loved much ;" the maniac, whose chains drop es sanity awakens in his countenance ; the safe of various nations, whether military or industrial, and in the midst, with chained hands outstretched, the negro slave. la the corner are the beautiful accessories of the broken sword and the spent cannon-ball. Such is Saler ren's picture. A very beautiful new edition of the Prayer-book of the Church of England, and Bible to correspond, is now on sale in the Southern States of the Union the edition being difficult to obtain, except by Southern purchaser,, though pub lished by J. B. Liereecon and Co., Philadelphia. The Prayer-book exhibits, at the beck of its title page, the authorisation of the well-known Bishop Dostre, Bishop of New Jersey, as to the precise ac cordance of this edition with the standard Book of Common Prayer. The date of this volume is 1866, whereas that of the companion Bible is 1864. Both have a frontispiece, and the frontispiece is the same in both, vis.,the "CHRIST the Consoler " of SCHEIrrEII the sere left out ! The artist's name in the corner is preserved, as if all was right. We knew before that British literature and European literature, ancient and modern, was trimmed to suit Southern convenience, stripped of all allusion to human liber ties, before it could be sold in the Slave States. We were aware th►t a Commission is sitting for the pur pose of composing an entirely new set of school books for the training of future slaveholders, none of the existing literature of that kind being wholly clear of the morality of free countries. But we were not prepared to see CORM denied as the deliverer of captives cursed with a dark skin, and to witness the deliberate curtailment of his " glad tidings" by the mercenary audacity of people who profess a political gospel of freedom. No doubt, Bishop DOANE is prepared to say how much ha knew of this. An appeal has been made to the Anglican Church about this transaction. There is no fear of such an act passing away into darkness ''"• ' • - - uncondemned. Our business with it hero is to con triut this sort of Christianity with that which led to the colonising of New England by Puritan settlers, who quoted their Bible sa the warrant of their liberties, from step to step of their immortal career. The sons of those Pilgrims are the antagonists whom Mr. BUCHANAN has to meet on the one hand i and thew clippers and counterfeiters of the gospel are those whom he ken to offend on the other. Re sides with the latter, and proposes to reconcile the two by assuring both—and the world which looks on—that they will serer quarrel again. As sure as their Gospel—both religious and political—is dear to the Bons of the Pilgrim* there will be a feud between them and the worshippers of GOD and Mammon united. No true own needs any prophecy as to where the victory will rest. MIL NICOLL AT Florre.-05 Friday Mr. Donald Nirou, tomb., is Pram set We aseelnrsts in the membly-roas at that beesngh, Kr. Coombe In the their. Mr. Nicoll Wrested the menterg se emaklenble length, pm Sib review the swim ineemse he bed taken put Is daring the Ise seeka. A rriehttien less merged neut. isy ramming cealldesoe In Mr. Nkell and thanks for hie pas snips, end eating We attention to the right et Motors to vele Ebt Court. WINDSOR, Die. 21. The Queen, accompanied by the Princess Royal, walked in the grounds sdiolning the Castle this morning. The Priam Consort nent to 13ackin1ttarn Palace, god re turned to Windaor in the afternoon. Punk Khan, the Persian Ambassador, and him Wis. thi Count and Countess Plante, and the Earl of Clarandsm, ass especial to arrive this alternoca on a vial. ..... A deputation !ran the corporation of Margate had ea In terview yerterday with the Might Hoa. W. Cowper, M.P. at the am d de Orinersl Board of Ilealek,Wbboiell, with eimpeet le the treader of the pewees of the Marva) Lora Board of Ileahh. The depatatlea eneeisted of klr. George Yaws Hunter, Mayor, Mr. Caroler, one Mae Town Coax• &lore , and Mr..l. Harvey Dom the Town Clerk. Lord Stanley of Aldortey hM lelt Landes for Ids sesrp Alas* Perk, Cheshire. Despatch= were mitred at the Coloniel Gas yelleday, from the Governor of Canada and the Lad High Ccessiev Wolter of the lonian Islands. Despatches were sat te the Governor of the Cape of Good Hope. THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 2g, 1857. DISTASSSED VIM AND FAMILIES Or SOLDIERS. A communication having been forwarded to bar Majesty (through the medium of Sir Gimp Gre) hem Mr. Davey, Secretary of the Woolwich, Charlton, and Phi=lied Committee, soliciting lee hisiesty's petrossags emd saloortp /ion to the fund for the relief of the vivre end flsllfss of soldiers sent on active service to India, the Wooing noly has been received thereto " Windsor Cutts, Doe, 19. " ham had the honour to submit to her Majady the Queen the purport of the petition which &r George Gray had forwarded to me, and which is eddressed 11 her Majesty, although it in not usual for any committee, et r 4 other body toAddram her Majesty personally through the medium d their mastery. . _ _ The subdrtplon to which you ask her Majesty to con tribute is one eased amonpt the inhabitants of Woolwich, Charlton, and Plunated for the relief of the wives of the Kildare of one particular oorp, who hare been quartered in that neighbourhood. "I am commanded to inform yeti is reply, that it ',odd be contrary to established rule for her Ilsjesty to join • local subscription, nor cold the Queen °attribute to the aria► aims of the wives °tons particular portion of the aoldien to her hiajesty'• sectioe, who are oulferlng under the mastoid. able separation from their buabenda which has bun gamily borne by the wives of soldier. of other branches of the army who may have been quartets(' throughout the United King dom. Her Majesty fools roach for tits hardships which this sopa ratru, neesseitatal by the nature of the Berries, must masa to these porr w omen, and cannot but fool pleasure at the sympathy anti ►ind ansiatanos which their neighbours an witting to utend to them.-1 have the honour to be, to. "Mr. T. Davey." "C. B. Platers." Ilia Excellency the Persian Ambassador, accom paid by the members of his snits, and attended by Capt. Lynch, left Claridge's Hotel, last evening, on a visit to her Majesty at Wlndaor Castle. The Duchess of_At.holl has left the St. George's Hotel for Dunkeld House, N.B. The Marquis and Marchioness of Ailesbory, ac companied by the Marchlawn (Kazis) of Ailaabury, were to leave Sawareake Lodge yesterday, on L visit to the Right Hole. Sider, Lad Mrs. Herbert, at Wilton House. The Earl and Countess Granville left town yes terday, on a visit to the Right Hon. Sidney Herbert end Urn Herbert, at Wilms House, DMZ Saliabary. The Counter of Yowls and the Ladies Herbert have returned to Pork Castle trom a tour of vinte. The Earl of Shelburne will leave Lundowne Rouse to-day for Boorood. The Earl of firewood is passing the season at Ilarevoed Howe, Yorkshire, surrounded by a soled circle. The Countess of Durham and her youthful family am daily asp« tad is town train Brighton. Viscount and Viscountess Palmerston will leave Canalgidp 'loam to-morrow, fur Brooding& The Count and Counter de Flahault and Min Elphinatone de Flahault will leave tows in • few Wye an a visit to the Marquis of Lowdown*, at &wood. Lady Brougham arrired in town yesterday, from Dover. Tha Dowager Lady Stanley and Min tardey Uwe We tbe St. Chores Hotel. Lady Dover has arrived at Castle Howard, on a visit to the Counting of Carliol. , from BLUM.Id, Stafford shire, where bar ladyship ham been staying some week, with Lord and Lady Begot. . _ Lord and Lady Churchill hare arrived at the St. Georgie Hotel. Lord Stanley of Alderley has left London for his solcAllaney Perk, Chtehire. Lord arid Lady flantingfield hale left tho St. Getwries Hotel. The Right Hon. Sidney Herbert, M.P., and MN. Herbert ham, during the pan week, entertained a select circle at Wilton Boum, near Salitbury. Lon, and Lady Harry Yeas, Lord &salty, Baran and Barone.. Nioolay, Omani Sir Geo. Bowl., Lady Gar, and Mr. Henry Drummond. M.P., &c., hare been among the pions. The party septrated on Saturday. _ _ - Sir Robert Gerrard bas left the Clarendon for Oarywood, near Warrington. The Right Hon. B. Disraeli and Mrs. Disraeli have leR Groeveaor-gate for Middleton-perk, Oros, to a Vila to the But ad Costars of Jersey. Iran MANUS ANDASsADORS AT LinsirooL.— LITIULTOOL, MuNDAT.—Their Excellencies Phyla Mosta gurieroswe (drat ambassador), and Chau Men Sarbedth Beaty (road waresseder), attended by Mr. Edward Fowls, with their when, arrived bee yesterday forenoon from Man chester. They wen met et the Lime-mreet ninny Ostia by the twayee7amee Holme, Esq., who accompanied them to the Aile4bi Hotel, ethers apartment. had bean engaged for their me. In the afternoon the illustrious potty visited Bisimmhied, mod afterratda proceeded by invitation to Lei emre Cast* the residence of Major-Omura Sir Edward CIA Best, sad, slier pertains of luncheon, were shown ewer the magnificent grounds attached to theads. They afterwards visited the great Rost, and to-day, in axe anvil& the mayor inspected the extensive ship-trailding O 1 J ,112USae r M,1 of Mr. an Land, at Birkenhead. THE 11.101 or CMCIIEffTER AND THE ST. MAID ▪ INoTITTTION.—Io Mr. N,.1.'• pantlet refine to second loom from tho Bishop of Chic atm to Miss Once, but refrains from publishing it, on the ground that be hr no permission from rho bishop to do so. Barely Mr. Neale is medlesely wrupoloaa here, if we are to move the Niceties of Mts. &obeli'. lettere so any maaeure of his iMerprelstica of the word "confidential." The 'photo...al* exposure of priests Milers en tbe one hand, and Mc ex treme TE la Firma to the biehoefe letter on the ether, y remind ow of the sayings. ..2. straining M • grit owellowiag ilemeL" We annex the Mar 4 genetics w—" Palma, atioluokr, Deo. 3, 1867. Dior Xadato,—Wliso year roe wee soneesool to owe, I bit you lied takes a Bosom which wee by se 'seem opm to you, la amiss to tile home witboat having pre y so. retains( whether I approved of your doing oo or not. Whatever petilketion with regard to Mr. &obeli Mr. Neale may moire wpm making, he must do so. as far at beat a I sin immersed, upon hie now reapoonbility, and at his own risk us to consequences. If the documents you say you hare brought with you were at this ni invent open before any I would *Me to look into thew I will be no party to any nob Intrusion of strangers into private and Gunn/ laditserS.— I remain, deer Modem, your fen hfai psalm, A. T. CICSITIL Mine Greain."—Coax: 4dtot.ser. Tel HISADMASTgReff IP or IPSWICH 4311AlflIAR Scuorm--Ws understand there are upwards of twenty can didates Ice the vacancy of the head mastership In this esta blishment, including several with first-rate testimonials. We are Informed that the committee his had three sittings, and liad the teak of selection one of no Viii. dieflenity.—defolk Chronic*. Matra OT IBRENDER DACHA.—lntelligence has remelted %lama of the death of Islander Paella, who had distingnished himself in the war between Ramie and Terkey, and wbo lately accompanied Omer Pechn to }leaded. Mi woe born in linsearabia in 1811; his name Whig Count Ihnski. Ohl*ed to leave hie country on econena of compli city i pohiloal plots, he served en the conetanaiteel ado in the dell wars a/Portugal and Span, mad Alia/ decors- Hoes. He afterwards went to Algeria, this In Herat, aad afterwards to Chine, inning to all three please ta w Wittig asperity. He afterwards returned to Algeria, awl acceptim service trees the FIVIAI, distinguahed himself to the ea tione against Abdel-Bader, mad gained the moss of the Legion of Honour. In 1848 and 1849 he fought with dim , fineries to Hungary. He then went to Turkey and entered the awake of the Porte. He took part with Omer Pitch. la ow expedinan in skamt Montenegm. He dithigniebed ed/ an tie sat of the war 'with Rants, bat etas soca stearisa, wee kept for some time emotive. &Mee quad', ensaiwd thelpeelii-Beanuks, sad asempalisi Omer Paths as shady stated. EXPRESS FROM PARIS. (VIOK OCR OWN CORIMPONDUNT.) PARIS, Mon-DAT ETEN7WO. The Patric, speaking, as I have reason to believe, on better authority than the Cesetilutiormel did the other day, when it represented that the late increase of the import duty upon foreign spirits to 25fr. was merely an instalment of protection, and that 50fr. would probably be the figure next year, thinks that "the Consfitutionnel is u much in error in regard to the intentions of the government se it is with respect to the interests which it professes to serve.' This journal cites with approbation a resolution of the Chamber of Commerce of Montpelier (the centre of the principal brandy producing district in France) to the effect that 15fr. was quite a sufficient protection against foreign spirits, those of Germany, which are the cheapest of all, included. Why (asks the Patric) should the government oho* itself more protectionist than the parties interested ? This question would be more pointed if the govern ment had not, in fact, just raised the duty which the interested parties" referred to consider sufficient, from 16fr. to Mr. Ilowever, it may, I think, be taken for granted that the sympathies of the govern ment are really with free-trade doctrines, and that any concession to the immense amount of prejudice on the subject which prevails in France is made against the grain. The anatitutionnel, although a government journal, has oertain ultra-protectionist writers on its staff who are sometimes allowed to have their own head. The Bourse has been very firm, almost brilliant, although there was a reaction in the Rento at the close. After having touched 68fr. 10c., the Rente for account closed at 67fr. 86c., with a rise of 46c. For cash the last price was 67fr. 65e., being a rise of 50e. Mobilier rose 67fr. 50c. The Orleans Rail way rose 271 r. 50c.; Northern,lofr.; Eastern, 10fr.; Lyons, 13fr.; Southern, 13fr.; Western, 12fr. 30o.; and Grand Central, 7fr. 50e. Fourteen millions of francs In specie hare lately arrived at Marseilles, and sixteen millions more; are expected before the end of the month. It is said that an arrangement has been made by:Whicli - & Comptoir d'Escompte will be' prepared to - leliniutty millions in aid of trade in the maritime ports. The arming of the vessels under orders for China ii going, on actively ;at Toulon. ,These vesige however, are only three in number: the steam corvette Laplace, the first class gun-boat, Alarme, and the mixed transport Gironde. They are ;ex pected to be ready for7ees on Christmas-d 5, and wilLPrOceed direct to Hong Kong. The Manorial de Lille, :a Bonapartist journal, which was lately suppressed in tho ordivary,course of impala: law (on a second conviction Pi &,Court of Justice), for a libel upon M. Brame, the success ful opposition candidate for Lille, has been relieved front its sentence by a special exercise of the Emperor's prerogative!. It is affirmed this evening in official circles that the French government is not prepared to support M. de Leseeps (who, as you are aware, is now at Constantinople) in his attempt to obtain imme diately from the Sultan a firman for piercing the Isthmus of Suez. The DEDate, in announcing that the annual:meet ing of the Society for the Encouragement of Primary Instruction of Protestant Children in France will be held on Wednesday, takes the opportunity of calling attention to the grievances of French protestants, which have been frequently alluded to by M. Guizot in the speeches which he is in the habit of making at these meetings. The root of the evil, the !Mats considers to he the exaction of an authorisation from the administrative authorities before any place of worship or school can be opened. And there can be no doubt that in numberless instances the autho rities with whom the veto is entrusted do in practice defraud protestant, of that fall measure of freedom to which they are entitled, both by the spirit and letter of the French code. It is a too common fault of French law that it gives a liberty with one hand and takes it away with another. The habit is to entrust such a large dis cretion to the administrators of the laws that they afford no guarantee to citizens for the enjoyment of those rights which are, in principle, sacred and in contestable. In:the present instance, the prefect, or some other local authority, can oppose the opening of a new protestant church or school on the vague and general ground that it would be injurious to public morality (mature publique). They very often refire, the requisite authorisations, not from any feeling of intolerance, of which the present govern ment and most of its servants would certainly be I acquitted by its worst enemies, but they refuse, as M. Guizot once said, in order to save themselves trouble. An immense number of influences are brought to bear upon a prefect against a protestant school. It is ten to one that the bishop will be hand and glove with the prefect's wife, and of course all the Catholic clergy will pester him with objections through the various channels that are open to them. The Debate well observes, that the special characteristic of liberty, and that which beyond all others brings liberty into discredit in France, is that it gives trouble." The authorities, therefore, in bucking an incipient protestant church or school on the convenient ground that it would be against mature publique, merely yield to a tempta tion generally irresistible to all official people—they take what they find to be the easiest course. The Debate, the spirit of whose remarks I have very freely abridged, concludes by ironically observing that France, which boasts of possessing the moat perfect repressive system in the world, might surely allow protestants as much liberty as they have in England, and trust to the public prosecutor to punish any dereliction from public morality. " Since we are so rich in repressive machinery, let us at least turn a part of our riches to the profit of our liberties." PRUSSIA. The following despatch, dated the 12th, was addressed by Baron de Mantenffel, president of the Council of Ministers in Prussia, to M. do Kampta, Prussian ehargh d'affaires at Hamburg, to explain why the government of Berlin refused to lend money to that city in the late crisis: By a telegraphic despatch of the 3rd you announced tome that the Senate has rewired to rend to Berlia the President of the Chamber, M. Mohring, to obtain from us a loin of I from 2,000,000 to 3,000,000 theirs. M. Mobring called on me the 4th on the subject, and offered tee as security notes of the chamber and railway shares. I immediately deliberated on the stair with the other ministers. We bed a strong desire to acquiesce la the demand of a iffsaally teen, connected with oar government by se miry in terests, and we know that fn aiding the eastunsreo of Hamburg we shoats be asetal to that of Praia. Never theless, we could set divides from ourselves that In accord ing the ken ap,bsd furors sheild diminish suss power of auditing oar own ee•mmeo sad menutestarsn sod that if the Hamburg has proved insufficient, grave I.llblirriMF MOM might sties teem Prnuia. Now, we felt ounriamd that the Ma dinended by the town of Humbug wadi not be sufficient ; our deliberation in fact was intermitted by the new. that Hamburg proposed to borrow a ram of 10,000,000 mercy bunco. It was therefore impossible to come to a de cision in the find sitting. When M. Mohr* relsweed be Berlin, sitar the town of Hamburg had decreed a loss at 16,000,000 mares bunco, we declared that the state of ow financial enehilehmsute did not permit us to groat a lama under inkling eireamstances. The National Baal el Austria, whkh wee not embarrassed by the Name eircumertanoes as the Prusian Bank, relative to the main- Hon of Its notes, could lend to Hamburg 10,000,000 mares. Notwithstanding that, we oould not, to our great regret, in dulge in the hope that the situation of Hamburg would be. come butantaneonely better; and, in point of fact, the autho rities there are now deliberating on the estraordinuy measures to be taken to maintain some of the moat Important gems. Allow no doubt to exist se to our manner of regard log the question; in spite of all our sympathy, sad all our good will, we should not have been able to afford each aerie lance u would onsore an energetic, efficacious, and durable remedy. The Zeit of Berlin confirms the rumour that the opening of the Pruirian Chambers is definitively fixed for the 12th January. RUSSIA. IMPERIAL_ DECREE _yoß THE PARTIAL ENFRANCHISEMENT OF TEE BERFB. An imperial reecript, dated from Turskoe Selo, the 20th Nov. (old style), or Dec. 2 of our calendar, has just been addreased by Alexander 11. to the Military Governor of Vilno and the Governor- General of Grodno and Kovno, instituting the most important changes in the relations between the pea santry and landed proprietors of the oountry. It is accompanied by an explanatory letter of instructions from the Minister of the Interior, Lanakoi, and a circular addressed by him to all the civil and mili tary governors, and the marshals of the nobility, throughout all the governments of the Russian em pire, intimating that the same measures may be adopted in the other provinces which have now been definitively applied to the provinces above-named. These documents are published by Le Nord of Brus sels, simultaneously with their o ffi cial publication at St. Petersburg. They are a confirmation, in some degree, of the repeated statements made by that journal and by the New Prussian Gazette of Berlin, relative to the intended emancipation of the serfs in Russia, statements which we noticed at the time. Tee following is the text of the Imperial rescript : " Special committees established in the govern ments of Vilno, Kovno, and Grodno, and composed of the marshal' of the nobility and some other landed proprietors, had been charged with the examination of the system of inventories which is in force throughout those provinces. "The Minister of the Interior has now made me acquainted with the good intentions evinced by those committees with regard to the peasants of the three governments. " Fully approving of the intentions of these repre sentatives of the nobility of the governments of Kovno, Vilno, and Grodno, as being agreeable to my views and my desires, I authorise that nobility to proceed, from and after this day, to the elaboration of the measures necessary for putting into execution the plans of the said committees, always on condition that the work is to be but progressively accom plished, so as not to disturb the economic organisa tion at present operating in the estates of the nobility. " For this purpose I ordain : " I. That from and after this day an executive committee shall be established in each of the three governments aforesaid; and afterwards a general commission for those three governments, the seat of which shall be at Vilno. " 2. Each committee, presided over by the marshal of the nobility in that government, shall be composed of the following members Ins landowner from each district, chosen by, and from amongst, the noble possessors of inhabited lands in the district; two members chosen from amongst the most intel ligent landowners of the government, and nominated directly by the governor of the province. " 3. The general commission shall be composed of the following persons :—Two members of each of the provincial committee*, chosen by the committees themselves. One intelligent landowner in each government nominated by the governors from amongst the most enlightened of the nobility. One member delegated by the Minister of the Interior. It is reserved to you (the governors) to choose the pre sident of the commission from amongst the noble , landowners who shall be members of it " Immediately after their formation, the provincial committees will have to proceed, each separately, and in conformity with the desire expressed by the representatives of the nobility, to the drawing up of a detailed scheme with the object of securing the subsistence and ameliorating the condition of the peasants of those provinces, taking for the basis of their plan the following conditions : " 1. The proprietor retains his right of property over all his land, but the peasants retain the en closures belonging to their habitations, which they have the right of acquiring as freehold property by means of a redemption price, payable within a fixed term. They arg to have, moreover, the use of such a quantity of land as is necessary, according to the circumstances of the locality, to secure their sub sistence, and to give them the means of satisfying their obligations towards the state and towards the proprietor. As a compensation for the use of this land, the peasants arc bound either to pay a rent to the proprietor or to work for him. " 2. The private relation, of peasants and pro prietors between themselves should be regulated in each a manner as to secure the regular discharge of the imposts due to the state, mid of the provincial imposts and services. The development of these principles, and their application to the local conditions of each of the three provinces, are left to the care of the provincial committees. The Minister of the Interior has com municated to you his views upon this subject, and the committees may refer to them, to guide them in their labours. When these committees shall have finished their task, they will have to submit it to the general com mission. The commission, after having weighed and examined the proposals of the provincial com mittees, and having combined them with the princi ples indicated above, will have to pass a definitive. judgment on the matter, and to draw up the scheme of a general settlement throughout the three go- vernments, with the exceptions and variations which each of them may require. In charging you with the superintendence and general direction of this important work iu the three provinces of Kovno, Vilno, and Orodno entrusted le your care, I authorise you to give both to the pro- vincial committees and general commission the necessary instructions to insure the regular p and the success of the task which is confided to them. The provincial governors will aid you in the per formance of this task. Yon will have to present the scheme drawn up by the commission, together with your observations thereupon, to the Minister of the Interior, who will submit them to me for my sanction. " In thus offering to the nobility of Kovno, Vilno, and Orodno, the means of realism g their good in tentions conformably to the principles which I have indicated, I hope that the nobility will fully justify the confidence which I evince towards diem, by call ing them to take part in this important work ; and that, by the aid of Ood and the enlightened as sistance of the noble proprietors, this work will be crowned with complete success. " You, and the provincial governors placed under your orders ' will see that the peasants remain sub =naive to the proprietors, and that they put no faith in the malevolent insinuations and the erro neous rumours which may arise.—l remain, with good wishes towards you, " ALEXANDER." In the ministerial letter of instructions it is stated that the committees of revision (which are alluded to in the first paragraph of the Emperor's rescript) having expressed a desire for the abolition of serf dom, his Majesty has learnt with especial satisfac tion this noble wish on the part of the representatives of the nobility, and has therefore authorised the pre paration of a scheme with that object. The abolition of serfdom, however, is not to be effected at once but progressively ; the peasants are at first to pus through a transition state, being more or less at tached to the land, during a term not exceeding twelve years, after which they will definitively be come free men, and be authorised to move, on certain conditions, from one district to another. But the proprietor's right to sell or transfer the peasants belonging to his land, to remove them to other districts against their will, or to convert them, under the existing laws or customs, into domestic slaves or retainers, is immediately to be abolished. The peasants, under the supeu t , tendence of the proprietors, will take part lc tt„ communal usemblice and elective tribunals for N administration of justice but the rural police remain wider the charge of the proprietors. AMERICA. ..-4.-... ARRIVAL OF THE KANGAROO. (IT BRITIAN AND MAONWIIC TILIORAPN.) (MON OCR OWN CORRASTONOIST.) LIVERPOOL, TVRIDAY. The Liverpool, New York, and Philadelphia sire steamer Kangaroo, Captain Jeffrey, bee arrived c the port, and is expected in the river abe two p.m. She left New York on the 10th inst., and xi bring one day's later advice' than the Africa, whi t arrived on Sunday. THE LATE LIEUTENANT HOME. The following letter was vrrltten by the h t , Lieut. Duncan Home (Bengal Engineers) to mother on the very day of hie lamented death. . . Camp, bialagimr, war Bolandau:Mar, Oct I. My dearest Mother,—ln the hurry and work of the of Delhi, the last mail day pared by without my knowing ; or being able to write, and I am now on duty with the move able column, whom destination Is not known, and which his, ea yet, only reached this far, afteran engagement with Wall. did Khan's men at Bolundahuhur, on Monday last. lb I bolted, and has left the fort in our hands, which 1 am at pm seat rendering untenable. You will doubtless we this halo hand of the fall of Delhi, and that the King le in OW hank Mogul Beg sad two other primes have been killed. Th former was the man who killed uncle Simon.* I must sow tell you something about the siege, and of my goings ea it. For ten days I was perpetually on duty, day and co, first on the right sad then on the left. I had charge of tin construction of our first breaching battery, *hick we, constructed In one night, a thing which has oat, been done in one other siege. The mgineers were highly complimented on it. I then had char of the construction of the battery nearest the city--u only 140 yards from it, which was !Winked ratisfactorily,m brawled the water-bastion ef the city. I remained in chap of the battery till the assault, in which my duties were follows .—I was directed to take charge of a party of It Sappers, with 3 non commissioned °dicers and another i. 14 of Bngioan, named Selkeld, and to proceed and blow in Cashmere Gate of the city. Owing to delay", the s did not take place till eunrise, and I had to arum from Ludlow Castle (uncle Sitoon's house) in breed daylight to the gate, place powder-bags against it, and explode then, and then give the signal for the advance. We all strived st the gate quite safely, although we were under a very heavy fire of musketry from the walls and through the wicket of the gate, which was open. However, as we were laying the Inge at the gate, we began to lose men. There were two European . . . _ non-corumearionsiodicers and one native killed. Ukelele's& badly wounded in the arm and leg. He has lost his arm, and his leg, being wounded, is in oplints. I hope he may reconr, but it seems very doubtful. I had alao two natives wounded. I myself esesped with a blow on the log above the knee from a stone, knocked up by a bullet. Out of 12 persona who were at the gate 6 were killed or wounded. For blowing in the Cashmere Gate in breed daylight General ‘Vileon hu put in order; that Weald, a sergeant, a bugler, and wyedf are to get the Victoria Cross ; so we ere, of ociume, propor. nimbly proud, we being the first persons in the Indian army to receive this decoration. After we got into the city, owing to the heavy loss in en gineers, 9 oat of 17 who went into action being killed or wounded, I was the third senior officer fit for duty, so got charge of the left column of attack, and was continually es duty until the king evacuated the palace. I had never inn than four hours aleep in the 24, and then only by matches. I had mho the pleasure of blowing in the gate of the palace, though no one luckily fired at me, there being ro foe tom lett to guard the palace, and they were asleep. The gate ens blown in at noon. Bo now the Delhi business rosy be on aidered over. and I hope the country will 80011 begin to pt settled. We Lad a tolerably sharp action with the rebels at lundahuhur, which they occupied with about 2 , 000 men and some fourteen gang; however, after three hours tilltdine, • they bolted. They had, however, managed to attack oar baggage, and to cut up two sick Europeans who were Icing carried in dhoolies. We found a lot of European property in tha fort which had been looted from Bolundshubur. OA Khan was some rel►tion of the King of Delhi, end had continually intercepted our communications during the row. Ho he now, I believe, gone to Rohllcund, which bus become the refuge for the destitute. Ido not know where we go to from this plan. I believe that the force is to go to Agra but I should not be astonished at its being ordered on to Catrapore, to join the force under Havelock. It is quite cool in camp, though the sun is still powerful. I bare not received any letters from you by this mail, but hops to get some soon. With best love to you all, believe toe, your affectionate son, Dl:recce C. Honk • The " Uncle Simon" mentioned in this letter is the lets Mr. Simon Fraser, Commiseioner of Dolhi, who araa am of the first victims of the mutiny. Professor Syme writes to the Times ;—"I regret that an operation which I happened to perform in tha Royal Infirmary of this city has got into the newepapen, but as it has, unfortunately, done so, the Public thoald be correctly informed on the subject. Partial removal of the tongue for the remedy of cancer having been found worts than lade., it was thought that extirpation of the whole organ might afford effectual relief; upon this principle I proceeded. The patient suffered no bed consequence directly from the operation, but at the end of a week, when the extant wound was quite healed, died suddenly from ss internal dinette, which might have been excited by ay other irritation In a person of his constitution and habits." FINANCIAL AID TO SWEDEN AND NORWAY.—It her transpired that the governments of Sweden and Norway are mama to promote certain measures which have lett suggested for obtaining financial aid in England to prevent the permanent break up of some of the extensive estaLliele matte which have lately failed in those countries. A dept tetion is now in London, and, according to report, the corn contemplated to be raised is 600,0001. The ap plication, it is understood, will ,e made to the Bask of England, and the principal of the proposed arrangement seems to be that such concerns Sweden and Norway es can make over swung for the amounts requisite to resuscitate them te terry them through will hand that security to the government, who will cause its value to be inveetigated, tad thee guaran'teo the Bank of England from ell lag. 711. Swedieh Diet are said to have granted the neceetary pone In Norway the Storthing meet only once in three jeere, al it will be some time before the neat anion takes place. 71. executive authorities, however, would, it ia interred, arson the nexesary respoesibility. The plan will be carried al as rapidly es pointhie, the great object being to leases the numbers that are threatened with loss of employment from the stoppage of the chief mills, furnaces, and other works. — Tens. The following anecdote gives some idea of the mine ion which not long eina preveiltd, and probably mill preemie, in the official world of Wexner :—Abeet main years sr, M. Rer.ogold, a Jewish trideeman, made boon to the higher authorities that the stale wag eystenatically robbed by certain employes. In order that the molter might not become public Rosengold was wised and thrown into prime, where he remained until the smarty me. mauled ° the coronation of the present Emperor. On his liberstioe the unfortunate man lust no tines in lay Ae his ..`0 1. 333 the new Rut herniae, and they sour sett demean. tat he had been infemouely treated. By a epetial chow de Emperor Alexander hag made public the nen . anemia end peen orders that certain eve distinctiona pall be me feared upon him. THE BEOT WAY OF LIGHTING FlRES.—NewspiC cornacendents have long invited attention to the feet t smoke pentacle of Dr. Arnotes new gretes—the consume...l.N molts by cutting off the draught of air below and lea ling the fire on the top—might be adopted in ordinary grates, without exchanging them for those of the sew tee structioa. The plan consists in laying at the bottom (en bars) a thin moveable Iron plate fitted go ae to cut a the draught from below ; then by laying upon it fresh coal up 1.? the top bar; and upon this foundation laying the limPw."' sticks, and covering the latter with the rubble left over night. One correspondent writes .—" Having previonely par eamd one of the Arnett grates fora bedroom (which aim (I , ° admirably), I acted on the hint, end have now ten tree lighted on the eame principle. The result la all that 'AEI be desired—little or no smoke, a bright clear Ike, and 3 diminished consumption of fuel. It will list all bedroom without eeqairin any attestice." Tna LATE FATAL g_ FIRE AT BETHNAL-GREEL-': bruussr.—An inquest was held last night at the Prime a Wales Tavern, &ohne-green, concerning the deaths of Jell Metcalf, aged 63 years, Ann Metcalf, sited 43 yea rs. Julio Metcalf. aged 7 year., which occurred in the retest at the premise. of Mr. Hannan. silk Anither-street,'-green. The inquest wee adja f w - t i — Ti; sad t d®a AI the el was , blend some Thl Michi one of accepi and of The a By 1840, of the agent) any oc gu!ltic swum tbi~ pr Mr. This up ord proofs , of • fo, Tide transact had kap baker le noes of ewe a b the /rot raring. petition the Con ilie;, - ; being lac to bell._ - 14. c the inst 4 ♦ Till This i Baal ord Csl-7"4 Mr L Authors in the se vent we their wo wee not don, Mr. debt ast the ochn It lion, and paid apa portion The to • gentler consider/ beyee a Kr. C., wt ride. Mr. bad ww Mr. C that he i snake no order. 4 UM A I'ul for • pert I took h Misted