The Express. — London, England, 1851-06-06 00:00:00

IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT HOUSE OF LORI/S.—T=OI)AT, lumE 3. The house met at half-put four. ROYAL ASSENT. The royal sweat was given _by commi ss ion to the follow ing bills :—Prop er ty lax ; Sale of Arsenic Regulation ; Royal Naval School; London and Blackwell Railway; Dnffield and Sheffield Turnpike Road; Mayfield Railway; Leicester Waterworlu; Shrewsbury and Bridgenorth Turn- pike Roads; Whitby Waterworks; Scottish Central Rail- I way; Regent'. Canal Company; Halesweeth, Beale., and Baddiecon Railway ; North British Railway; London and Blackwell Railway (Extension of Time for Widening); Mahon and Driffield Junction Railway; Derby and As Road; Aberdeen Public Records ; Richmond and Lanesster Turnpike Road ; Hereford, Roes, and Gloucester Railway ; Manchester and Asltton-under-LyneNew Road. The Lord. Commissioners were the Lord Chancellor, Lord Cran'eorth, and Lord Stanley, of Alderley. PETITIONS PRESENTED. Aascire Limo Marcia, Brit.—By Lord REDESDALE, from Southampton; the Earl of HARROWBY, trea Bath; in favour of. TAIL./ OM KerowLsoos.—By the Rea of CARL= from the WOMeO . 4 Rights Association in Sheffield, by 30 ladies ; against the taxes on knowledge. Lord BROUGHAM said he had the distinguished ho nour of basing been requested to support the prayer of the petition, which he mod readily did. ADJOURNMENT OF TIDE HOUSE. The Marquis of LANSDOWNE gave notice that he should to-morrow, at the rising of the house, move its ad journment until Monday se'aisight for the Whiuuntide holiday.. 'COUNTY COURTS EXTENSION BILL. On the motion of Lord BROUGHAM, this bill went through committee, and was reported to the house. LAW OF EVIDENCE AMENDMENT BILL. On the motion of Lord Buovu HAW, this bill also went through committee pro . form 4, with amendments, one of which made it mdional with a wife to give evidence against her husband. The noble and learned lord said he had no objection to the bill going to a select committee, but he de precated parliament submitting to the opinion of the learned Judges link.. in a few exceptional cases, 11w LORD CHANCELLOR could not agree that the opinion of the judges on such matters should be disregarded. Lord CAMPBELL bore testimony to the importance of the hill. Ile approved of its principle, and was glad that it was to Le referred to• select committee. A few words from bird BROUGHAM closed the con versation. CHANCERY REFORM. Lord BROUGHAM thought he should now be entitled to the concurrence of the other house of parliament, and he begird again to lay this 'Allot' their lordships table, its main object being to facilitate and lessen the expense of adai alit rAtion and similar suits. After a few words from Lord Cranworth, Lord Brougham', and the Lord Chancellor, Their lunlships, at six o'clock, adjourned. HOUSE OF COMMONS.—TUUMDAY, Itna 6. The Srunna took the chair et 12 o'clock. PRIVATE BUSINESS. brkltb . AMEN IMENTS CUS•4IIICKILL—Great Wuteiw &ulnae (anwriseinents with reference to the purchase, ILL, of the Willa, Somenet, and Weymouth, tc. Railways) Bill ; Lueda and Think Railway Bill. iLLVOILT. toN AMII,III/11 BILLS CONSIDNIRED AND AORZED r..--Slinzwbbury and Cheater Railway Bill, Wavrford and Trmsorc Railway Bill. St. ALBAN'S BRIBERY COMMISSION BILL The house then went into committee on this bill. Oa clams l 3 beirtg FM, Mr. J. STUART nee to abject to the further proceed ing with the committee an Me IsikElltt M, o Pm' waded on a principle opposed to aft sawlla do. Sams, of all justice. It would ism t the theism gem mince had bounded their monsore on the paseint 0 the Sudbury case. But that was altogether dillboont Bon the pss,ent. In the Sudbury OM the a = si the *thy and fairly tried before the election ond • clear sod distinct judgment was pateethed est Oh. sitting member had not bees Moly ailed ; that pew sad general bribery and essouptha hod tele meine el e rithe i and the cuinnuttee h seasepence the disfranchisement of the tweevegh. But bal the beta any Ruch report in the retreat case ? Oa ihe ourbery, the committee bad come to • directly opposite ridden. They had decided that the tattles MIIIIIIMI bed laws duly elected, and they had presented a wet es death onlinirr, that he must protest against any peawoiller big taken iipoid it. That report declared that the anwilleo had not been he • —that they had set bed thiliethe before them to aaeei thee—to pnewunewurleddis ow the general sharps Owed in the petitions. flew add they found any ptheedior on such a report as lath l (Hear, hear.) Or hew weld the committee, in the abeam of evidence, report tbut Mr. Bell had bean duly elected 1 Was then ever soars lermeletont iblelea ? First, the report stated that these bad be.. pus ieen s at the last election, and then they wawasil that the her was duly elected. No &NAM, osimnutteis bed pen ottil by a de ire to do their dal& hat unliwasedthy there had been a total miscarriage of justice, so far oath* peti tioner, were coseerned. In the peat Yarmouth ease in the: prtlltilt parliament, te re ImillMua a dieting. doeiaion; the corruption was found, sad tbe .ember WY 11111Nated— a• in the Sudbury case—aad, me lbe reareammeintion of the committee, the hem pried a bill dielbenchising the freemen of that hmeinglk In the Sudbury MINN when the commission was issued the maim et the quietism were mill open, and a bill was haat poll meat whisk bed beer passed by the Ilouse of Commons he a previous esetr i t lost in the Howe of Lords for want of evidence, to chime the borough. But what was the question prodigy he the present case ? There was no bill before the halo fir disfritichising St. Albans, there was no committee Aim en the case, and then- was no question to he decided. Tot the house was asked here to do that which in the lithithe case the house had re tmed to do; and the Halal= OM was much nearer a parallel to the present than any ether.' What then was the object of the bill? It was to smoke • body of grind inquisitors to proceed to try ez parte Maio contending parties before them, but to tall whim pleased before them, and to examine whom they Ile would ask the Solicitor-General what he meeiLins tr could adduce for such an unconstitutional course? At MB period of our history, between 1615 and 1660, such thbp had been duce ; but surely no one would deduce • per dent from that period for a proceeding which in belt um as improper end unconstitutional. Would the tosnmirihm have power to call before them mart evidence they pleased? (Heat, hear.) Would they have the power to call before them Mr. Bell and eiumento the ? (.. Why not ?" from Mr. E. Ellice, jou.) He mid .Ay not," too, it they proceeded to examine at all MA dm what object was the gemination to take place ? There mum bt• stone object. It weld not be to unseat Mr. Bell, for they had declar him to be duly elected. tieneig Ile. Bell should be canalised, and he should adaikthat what was meant by " bleb!-meal " at the election was money paid him to amp the voters, what would be the result ? mull met 'meat the hew. member, for on that question eleemk. decided la his Wear. bynnior bed Then, was the hems* to be Mwoldeed ? Mew amid they proceed to de that, the thowelibe *slog Amtheed that Mr Bell, the party sold when the allpileas dila petition were directed, Ma hem ail we. f ele= ad MOM epiently that, es far es he wwwwl , hii hen he bribery ? There was me pewee mwla Men , gate—Mr. Edward* ea opal of the Atha am. her—who had be en: seatheithed ee 6the brae at the instigation of the commillso Ike k book With th as to the bribery which they ml they Army NOM 1111 believe had bates_ place sad yet they bad theireil Mr. Bell to have We ddy elected. Was them ever seek en inconsistent prewar'? He was for pthiebbsi Whiny and corruption whether they occurred, but let the men who gave the bribe be pordebod as well u these The re ceived it ; and he would sever anew to pude the diets/ only, and allow the wealthier, but mew *ill, p 51155 to go free. (blear, hear.) He mead, he eseriet, that the chairs's.' leave the chair. Mr. AOLION BY apnoea to the amadsees of the sew mitten met to answer thee issa. assi loomed reedmith bat to pp at sue to a division, in order to show the to 4 the Was spina a coarse af impala, the proper of pith Ns basheses whisk had bees Tv? . of late. did= of reviving diesnedeas spa the after the rist&a on every mead= wises details were under sew sidem. The objections ought to have been stated at a previous oboe Mr. J. STUART observed that he hod besa unavoidably absent at the previous doge. Mr. AOLIONDT edit ehlested to diesomthr the prised *of a hall whim they bad maw lowa he simether the lIIIIIIS of 114116 they had alread pee Owe* twelve. Ns. O. I. BLUM, }wt., minitto y i ths of the he.. and horsed member _ to NW Ms to the asome, whim'swas ens 4 semeldieeelie he. =s_ . _Me thousbe, beenever, the kw. sad Isms& pa hed illeth theft with the esemittem The lad bliss the only sane they modd take wader the them obsess. The sommiblee bad been appointed le by the validity of the ream, smil as that subject they wen Woad to wake • repot; bat they were net brawl to an be a themea say ether. Oa the th as it steel bolero essweittee, there mem mas tre at teadsed the Mum They meal, therefore, de we Other then report that the der tins swathe had been ehdy soinesed. That was all they had deaf tether the met, end thet miler the ale was all they with bond to Am Pet limbs ao reprint. sad their istrerielve it bel l le woke a mead barbs with that report seare their repot. the 'Mem aldose& Wire then exhibited en i jethle• Tiret barn and esethation se exiethei in the e Me intim Bet, as the potion by =le Whin bed boa assimbthd wire est peeved te he the epees of the slam make but samely pan* of • la 1110 cower, ths alba =whew weld wet: im pales orbit ba mile leeplin dm their seta. The 111•1111111111 Wig suds eh semi them& it rigist—iad to this mast Ole Barad ihth Bthelleok_ pithap—me viewtheend the of a ammitha Io sad, throbs Me the they of wh bi ish illill a e eas bed boss poised. , t i m P ear ad la sem apseprescient of the ss i ases. Bat be idol that any precedent was asesesary. The anewialeases weld take evident, boa an pates opts auk A mho lidos Oa imitalry would be so ape la =Win It MI boas la the Beelhary eme. st. bio ham/ layfelliebiate be wetwontr. The hem the bowed werairw Ist idol who were the pries la the thee? The PAW 1111“ the How of Coeume m , ad d the home o burgesees er to e. AAP& (N y eer, huer. j He to the no to the ; and 'WU ale Most eithetive age or amiss out 'spiky was la the w;=rl by a an: eanadmion appointedwiser set • i THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, JUNE 6, 1851 was his opinion, and that waS the objeetof the. bill which he now left in the hands of the house to deal srith as they pleased. Mr. STUART said he was in favour of the fullest inquiry into the prayer of the petition against Hr. 3111, hut he ob jected to the dangerous principle invol'usd in the hill. and would divide the house upon er e ea leas the hen. member agreed to the amendments proposed by hi, how. friend (Mr. Bmkes). Mr. O. BATHES said no case had been made out to justify them in supposing that the other house would sanc tion the bill for instituting this inquiry. He went with the bill so far ari it proceeded to form a measure which the Lords would be likely to pus. He was anxious for • full and effective inquiry, and be suggested that the firs mem bkrs who had formed the committee should be clothed with powers to carry out the inquiry they had commenced. It should be remembered that there was already • means by which the investigation might be continued, if the committee thought it desirable, without affecting the seat of the sitting member—vie., that which was provided by Lord John Russell's Act, he 3 & 6 Vie., cap. 102 ; though, with regard to the sitting member, it should not be forgotten that there had been such things as orders of the house, directing legal proceedings to be taken in eases where there was reason to suppose that bribery had taken place, but in such • way as not to affect the seat of the sitting member. He had framed his amendment in accor dance with that act and with the view of giving to the com mission (which he suggested should consist of the members of the committee) stringent powers, in order that they might examine all parties, and thus get at the rich, who were implicated, as well as the poor. From the report he had moved for, and which had been made by the officer of the house, it appeared that some cot the witnesses who had absconded were in Boulogne and others in Faris, bat as there were already complaints of de ficiency in the remittances, it was to be presumed that they would soon return, and then they might be examined. lie should at a subsequent stage propose to recommit the bill, in order to introduce the amendments of which be hail given notice. For the peseent he hoped it would be allowed to go through committee proforma, to be brought on again after Whitsuntide, at • time that would afford an opportunity for cull discustiott, After a brief conversation, Mr. J. STUART intimated that he would take a division on his motion WI against the principle of the bill. The house accordingly dic ided. Fee Mr. Stuart's mod= lO Utmost it 54-44 The bill then went through committee pro forma, and was ordered to be recommitted on Thursday neat, after which the house rose till fire o'clock. The siting was resumed at • quarter before five o'clock. C 03131 ISSION.—ROYAL ASSENT. The Usher of the Black Rod (Sir A. Clifford) entered the house and summoned it to attend the House of Peers to witness the for of the royal assent by commission to several billse which we Lords' report]. METROPOLIS WATER BILL. Sir 0. GREY moved the mend reading of this bill. Mr. B. COCHRANE km* presented a petition against it from the Mettspidlien finaitary Association, proceeded to my that he "pus& the lemon bemuse the whole his tory ef the water empasim fifths ntekspelle was a history of mowspeij, carried ea tor •Irog soda of years in spite of ivory , rt on the part of the pubMe tehriss it to a ter sthostien, and bemuse that sesospely would be con firmed end ed by the Wil wow before the home. So far &In dfmisiabi o g the rates the salt of this erase me would be took wend hundred thenssemi owe per mama into the pool die prams ampsnies, The grew in come of the senvskes was 43INSOL The invessee were 176,0001. ; kaki balsams cif 266,11101. At per cent. this moat. repressnted a capital of 4410,3004. By the provident ef the present measure there weebl be • surplus of 449,0001., ispeessabng a capital eIt9,OOOBOIL (The hon. member soppmisd this proposidea by referents to various statistics, bast in se Indistinct a teas WS we ems unable to catch whet he WA] He would sow romeke the WE itself. He did net know what the gmeranmat moist in saying that they gave by this bill the atemsgement of the water supply of the metropolis leis new hands. This bill did, in point ef hot, neither moth sow lingthan this; it confirmed the power of the oil impedes, Vii, at the same time, it removed from them the V, and effectually prevented all future mospetiligo. The pskiable recited the complaint, against the nine aid sesacksies ; but by the second clause it was proposed be give fell power to these companies under another fors; sad by the 24th clause it was proposed to give to the company the power of cutting off the sapply in all cams when there was not obe dience to the 4mkere, whit they wen themselves to mak. Such a clause se this never add be permitted to pea the House of Commess. The km. gentleman went on, being throughout very impethetlyhsard, to refer to the preempts, of • new water company. 11M company proposed to London adequately with water at • cost not to e i' M 2,000,0001., that being the err tamed in the first clangs of the bill, which th e companies re to have powers to bin row. This would be at the este of ld. a hots. per week ; sod if they added ankker id. a week as the cost of the ekapenes mom, they get • html met only of 4,000,000/. He sow= what bad flees aid causpemies done that the haw go oat of ils wag le seeder them advantages en them ? He thought he hadreltown that irtna the begkaing these aid companies bed generally =led in • wawa sod apes system that was grasping, ems% end anekistm--staithendy DO to ebmv all who bed bed the minegencent ef them with a &erecter for inkmendq. Ts piss tide ass sure, whist' was • measure be Amur eif diem awe r knits, wield be discreditable to the Reek of Censers. la esminsisa, the honourable radioman moved the anaesehmest sf which he had given sonse—.. That it is the *nice of tan bowie, that no bill for the supply of water i to the sagempslie shall he proceeded with, unless the works required forms improved and complete supply of water to • the aetrepersehaU be put up for competition as to the terms es width they shall be executed and maintained, upon a comical:it for • term of years, on a general rate." r Sir B. HALL regretted that the opposition to the bill had bees pat in this shape. He would greatly have pre hired to see • division upon the plain proposition, of which the Ines. member for Deatmenth (Mr. Moffat) had given moths. He did act underenmed the amendment of the bon. gentleman eppeeite. Mr. B. COCHRANE awlereasod that it was the wish of the bean tbat hie aiweadmeat &saki aat be put, sad he th e withdraw Mr. Did?TAT then wed the asassismat of which he had gives notke—" that the bill be reed a newel time that day six mesths." The hon. gentleman said that he be lieved it was sow admitted °a all hawk that the premat supply of water to the essemmelis was &Arnim is qua lity, Minder in glastitk a at mil tee engewsive. All these pekes hod bees ethithished by the d the Dead of Health. It boas made y dew that ea adminthe and props pla of eould be Amnia/id at we MN se at , le. then me mot the present imisimets /ways: . unkimme se thk of the ma m N misled he the tau the while a at the penal valsether= Ws meeetion was the remelt of menbirdes, as of amps. tidos ; eel would be mastheads onasike. It propose to As span the inhabitants of Loam a permanctit tax, Lager this they at preemepaid, without esendem them he that miew y amy imemoer baker ampl. then me te be a hide asp* it would sot to at the met If ef the mettespelle, Meekest power Mks glees is the bill to issuers the este. /* B. HALL as imilatisa la lapin that thew was but eme desks emingst the itesbe represented, itheltkimg a kegs meths ef the ki, with tempest to this bili—diet k desehl set be with. It would =the pramt misem4 th edely he the beset of I 'Obese is the impales There should either be slang sompedelen, hod always reduced mem se the oestmel of the water supply should be in the broth of the maggsyss thimelves. M. W. WILLIAMS slid, no memos he the removal of • patrol d esmphint could be mese diketionable ties this wh ite ought to be eatided• bill Its establish lag a be gs wester the patronage of the goverment. No aweeere for improving tlw supply of water could be sade hatory nukes the management was given to the nee. toyer. GREY said be bad before adsitheil list the supply of water in the aselespolis was aids st sled etpettaive • that smoothies was a sound IMAM, and that the eMateel rids supply shed* be Mdiad, it pub* la the beetle et the ; bet trial and kited. sod dramersturess posu w o w des sloths of the representative eseabbary la Laden whisk dill net Met in provincial tome. The pis*, et this bill was N sabetitute fair Merest bawds sf manes meat, inapsible and nassehrelbd.ONll sanitised ammo meat, mile smelts restriction sad 'Wed M the .sated of padiersala sad pro mat Ills &up Mrs Mend Use a osseeellielbsom et the onevilese ef the bill, replying to eigessime, =la g emadve asked the Uses to assent to the 111111.11 d an osier thee the bill might be re ferrighedt be_thissersPly s to • Meet esesinittes, where , the whsle albs lNdb mifted. Ilk 3. ea badge the water smomise, eigested le the lega madl Nat Ingslay druid passim ietatioe ; that • semmilleubsuld be sposlated le smirks all ateliers osmosis& Milt the waft amply of Loam Kr. MOWATT shemly opposed the bilk •Weelim to its a, u well se to its sesesteses 11111•11111, sat he ez the provisions of a bill be bed istraiseed, the mein of which were that it peposel to divide the mu tregelb iato 17 districts, whit k Inaba IMMO /OW oseasis siossee. who, with font -mensal by the .leper sties of larks mil bur by the gsresement, shield seselitste a ememistes, with power to amiente es euentive OM solias,ast esseediag its, far eserybeg into easel the pee vish= at the act, sad to provide Inds for emsmeting • esealisery sad plant, by rates sot szooseiso IA In the . poem gm Meath FolivriY. After • kw Male km Sir G. Gass sad lir. lA BOVONERII, Ilk W. CLAY delleaded the emkost et the miss ma- Eto had, on the est bead, simpilsassit lower rates were entitled te @huge, sal, as Its ether, had sums isimareemst et supply a wale =they were air se bpi elblipais Ne i le m ond. Ile esstmerted widens skeessals Ilis B. Htl awl lir. Mussel I be behead that the am " hag as wombs as simile& Is water ass* =ram new, envy wear ego* mast be a segazely tu t s = with newt Iv this 1111, le Essadieesi it the solo =blast Isricedhialbstewertaia gin Ns sse wales, 111i172 1 1 /1 1111 li ebLe gil er libill ibet it maid hue bees rct, whim thy deleswissi to Isighile apes this bsi mit Ilse lesielw , es as Is bass less ebb to la • NI voila MI Bel ~sale. Is be Ilited We d es. • sibs& semlllsa. Me width sliht bays boa ads et SON by lb lama. Ns missed wow what Wadi Ye the whole Wiest, is ceder No runes alit wisrlsillswessel Is this " se sP~ ises• f eve, the rejection of which, he said, would not really delay efficient of water, to the metropo lis. - ffit t. WAII. oP the bill, which banielsed no m ica evil, boat delivered the metropolis into parties bpdan wham so many complete% rir b eis • lAgirrly int, a monster asesesseig.-I'he SW sot In principle and =ant lacapable esecenplisOng whet the public Sir D. EVANS likewise opposed the bill. The house then divided — For the second reading For the ameadment The bill was then read a second time. MR. ERNEST JONES. 'Lord D. STUART gave notice that, ea the 24th of Jean, he would move for a select committee to inviable., MO are of Mr. Ernest Jones. ADULTERATION OF COFFEE. Mr. t BARING presented two petitions front mercems tile firms and coffee dealers in London, complaining of the adulteration of coffee. A similar petition was presented by Mr. CARDWELL from Liverpool. Mr. T. BARING then rose to more the following reso lution, " That it le the egire of this house that the dame eons of the Lords Otele erlwe s of her Mieesty's Tressuey to the officers et the excise. simtified by orders et the 6th and 26th a Amen 1840—namely, ' That as objection be made ER the port of the revenue to dealers in and sellers of codes skip cthory with eoffee,' us op posed to the od es segektions in force regarding other articles of ermearifilan, have encouraged very much the practice of 6sßi, mid ought, therefore, to be revoked." It would met he neamery for him at that hour of the night to tremor it mar length on the time of the hose, as the whirled beta already discussed in that house, odes the Nerdy he perina was so simple and obvious. But as the errs sd segirdens of the right hon. gentlemen, the MEMO" aft Ireber sr, did not appear to be satire. try, B Meer, there necessary to bring the object WWlwt SORIRIEWEIER. and as it was one of great be. perosser, bar to re emonseen st and the dealers in sells, it ear liseght - Het this should be der by EMS Who was blierf interested in the trade. It mould est le memory for him to refer to the different eladoies Erring to the sale and adulteration of coffee. Bat M might erre, that by the 41st and 43rd of Gee. 111.. mad the Sr deo. IV., the adulteration of oar was pr bltftell, sRI lbs parties who sold adulterated eser INOS set/sera to redden By the 7th and Bth of Chin IV. ell =terrs to this matter were prevented Meleie a m irlhaeld by order of the Commissioners of Vita. m ere woes ore object to the Lords of re . _ UN the Commissioners of Elan pme. emir ogre peers who had mixed chicory with team; bat a lusty err et the same year was issued, in whisk the Osombieners of Excise were told not to interfere with the sale stehisory powder if unmixed, but that if arty deal ers ahead eel coffee mixed with any other ingredients, they sirs* era the consequences. Matters remained so till A when another it essay minute was issued to theOorrlllleßrs et Excise, altering the previous order eo as to 'Borate okture of chicory with coffee, and in con formity with Ole minute the Commissioners of Excise ' , issued • greal era to the excise officers, telling them that r riestlea was to be made in future to the asto et Nile mined with chicory. Thus, then, the law romieellhe one with segard to the prevention of the ' sale at ads mined with &leery, but its operation was sus =ley the Isseoney minutes to which be had referred. )>M did est think that any denial would be attempled of the Ant part of his resolution, namely, that the arm sogaleti with regard to coffee, were opposed to the espreilsas in force ft-meeting other articles of con-1 semptireadiastea, sugar, pepper, and tobacco. The dealers is oaths eases were authorised to sell under the name ot cede whit was not coffee. Now, he contended this wee a fraud en de almoner, which could not be justified. The next part ems fisaistion was that the Treasury minute gave essemegimeet to the practice of this fraud. The ifs of the adulteration of coffee was so notorious that he raid net go into any details to prove it. Now the real question was whether, on the one hand, this adulteration of coffee by chicory was called for ; and if not called for, could it be prevented ) ? At the time when this admixture was pre vented the price of coffee was 110 s. per cwt. without duty, and it was now only 38s. ; the price of tea previous to tie China war was 3e. alb, without the duty, and it was now only le. There was therefore far less reason now than formerly for the permission of the adulteration. But he did not think that they should allow anything like deception even though it were considered a relief to the consumer to allow the adulteration, and though no loss should accrue to the ex chequer. (Hear, hear.) But there were other circum stances which might have intluenced the Treasury in making an exception in the case of coffee. Now, he contended that these circumstances had wholly changed. It was re markable that whilst the consumption of all other articles had increased the consumption of coffee had decreased, not withstanding the increase of temperance habits among the people. He did not know what to attribute this decrease in the consumption of coffee to, except to the practice of mixing other ingredients in it. (Hear, hear.) It was evident that the excise commissioners had read the treasury minute as an order not to prosecute for the adul teration of coffee. From a return which ho had obtained, it appeared that since 1840 there had been no such prosecu tion, and he could not understand why such a distinction should he drawn in favour of the unscrupulous seller of coffee. At first chicory was the chief ingredient, and was of foreign production ; now the whole system was changed; not only was chicory grown at homy, but it was mixed with acorns, peas, beans, and even mahogany sawdust and tan,' and every day brought out some new invention to enable the dealer to sell less coffee and more of an adulterated sub stance. In this state of things every one must admit that if fraud could be prevented, it was the duty of the government' to prevent it. (Hear, hear.) He knew it had been stated that when the coffee-dealers were asked many years ago if they could suggest any regulations which would prevent all fraud they said they could not ; but surely that was no reason why the government should sanction and legalise fraud by declaring in effect that no prosecution should take plate. The effect of passing his (Mr. T. Baring's) resolu tion would be that every grocer might stall sell both coffee and chicory, but that he must sell each under its own wee, and sell it separately. (Hear, hear.) Now that would be an honest course ; it would be • course which would neither demoralise the trader nor injure the con moor. (Hear, hear.) There were grocers who said that for years after the treasury minute was passed they would not practise deception, but that they were ultimately forced to do so by competition, and these persons themselves asked for excise interference, in order that they might not be compelled to continue selling for Is. per lb. a deleterious article which was not worth more than 4d. Now, what were the objections to the course which he proposed? His right hon. friend the Chancellor of the Exchequer said it would compel him to employ an army of excise elloses. There was no grocer who was not subject to excias su with respect to tea and to bacco, and this of the minute would not require an increased warberst rs. The honest dealer would still be able to sell chicory separately from coffee, and those who were opposed to the regulating would be induced to conform by the fear eta prosecution It might be said that there were me pallekmen from 03WWWWITS. The consumers ge nerally woo net per who wore lately to present pe titions. It was the . poora dares drily who bought the article green& and in small quantities ; mid they were not likely to complain even if they felt aggrieved sad they knew how to proceed. As to the argument that the am seers bed the remedy in their own hands because they night rear and grind their own coffee, it should be re membered Met sem was op posed to the habits of the greet ems eseeneree, who lived, as it were, from hand to edited net facilities for roasting and grinding coffee. It be stinted that his resolution would Warier with errors of chicory. He did not propose to an=new excise regulation or to tax chicory. If his wen posed there would still be the sane facili ties as now for the cultivation of chicory and for the sale of it under its own name. All that he wished to prevent was the fraudulent sale of the article. One of the most fearful features in the operation of the Treasury minute was the number of dealers who were still in favour of maintaining deception. (Hear, hear.) He believed that no man could separate in his own mind a fraudulent mixture in coffee from a fraudulent mixture in any other article ; and the result of the Chancellor of the Exchequer's sanctioning the fraudulent adulteration of coffee would be to leatrelealen in tea, pepper, and other articles to think that the offence consisted, not in the frau dulent admixture, but in the being discovered. (Hear, hear.) He had not touched upon the re 'ante because the Chancellor of the Exchequer was its proper guardian ; bat he mast say it was a serious fact that there was a drifted= nrenaue on an article which was said to be a tat of property, and ho could not understand the georeammt amtinuing to sanction an adulteration which was delleimental to the revenue, demoralising to the Beier ari *deaf to the consumer, while at the same dr the adinhooarel article was sold under the name and at the privet esithe. Neither had he touched on the sani- M rer i ma ; be a" , thi:t was clar rits tr rntet e il a i n n al to Ye s e e s ha w t hich was meld as mese which were most injurious to consumers. Sir I. TROLLOPE seconded the resolution. He said be wished to say a word in favour of the grower of chicory. Me could show that the growers of chicory were not the artterators on the contrary, he believed that the growers of Mali were by no means the persons who contri buted towards the adulteration of coffee. Lod IL VANE said the hon. gentleman who had just ogre bed entirely misunderstood the question under the serkeaden a the house. He hoped hon. members would Mho Oa mean of the hon. mover. Re CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER mid that be was est at ell aware that he oder/toed the ogeosiela One boa. mover. It was very remarkable that se keg as Slimy ythen was me ray against it upon said- Mpai hr the WE twenty or thirty yeas ria twe ed en the oratimont, aad nethisp bad bra said about its nnwholereasers. It bed beta =sued I. this country, and seeing bed bra bra vinwhstrommeas. the army re mie• re et ahem and albs donne On d a 0. mm 6161... beery rem ribs are. It hail Ira herd by mpairee OM it was utterly imporilde to pow wet the arktere of the two artier, and Ile Neer et later = a ths Trimly minute Val thie—dist lbs did net dirk it worth willej e . de: l =ft mires of miles with chiefly. Ife serer rset Ho righted dirt that the sessumillis et ler beta hamonesi lry the adrairease .A.u......_ ed GYM ibs lea pawns serer that se sr Irma pros Pier to UM Bad be areir et a bush weirs are per sr. la whisk ft re diary pored* magyar, we purr era eftillester t , it trottordtbet vegre, eRi alttwitte. WEE addletOM le a pees areas I ft night be essiered est It re dr dry t e l t i g l ievermat to purr the rernmee grad mg dekteriiluszolxttere whatever, le 611111.11111 alll4 all duty of the t to interfere in any mg beisetEle die con ' ease. the seller. He hoped hes. isin egad not I sm a away with the idea that all the iliallea areas too the Treasury min ute ..itil 'de r an n . d the th :x t ci: -di:: en atte1..121,...".... who had chicory and coffee mixed. lbseh • weemillesilil mail be obvious, would be productive aryls psalm* sematillt Sid trouble ; and he believed that Welds pespaddiu were carried, the mutt would be that *Nip mosti be inundated with petitions and lemon =the unjustifiable interference of the Excise. received • petition on this subject signed gawks, protesting against any interference, and was not a imp town in England from which hear memorials hes task persons had not reached him. Eit amen./ klallather such petitions, both has awl isethmk, b0rk3,682 signatures. There might, s bend In seals sues ; but he was fully convinced that in nine cues out of ten the parties buying knew per fectly well that what they were buying was not pure coffee. 11. could not disbelieve all the evidence which was airs him, and that evidence had compelled the emmiimion that among the labouring classes gene ;Lt. admixture of the coffee was very much to the pure coffee ; and that, in fact, the use of esilbs lai been greatly promoted by this mixture. The hsa ha admitted that there was not a single sa tie part of the consumer. Every complaint to him on behalf of those consumers who were alleged to gaffer from this injury had proceeded from the party who odd the coffee. A deputation from the grocers of Hi MI assured him that not a voice bad been raised against this system except by the parties whose interests were adverse to it, and the same deputation had represented that were .any restrictions to be imposed, they would prove an injustice to the culti vator, to the tradesman, and to the great bulk of the labouring classes. In another instance, in a large manu festering town, it was reported to him that 13 out of 15 =Bpreferred the mixed coffee—the mixture being 0! third to a fourth. (Laughter.) He did not say amas this would suit the palates of hon. members in that home, but the facts were as he had stated. lie had heard of is an where a tradesman had exhausted his stock of shimmf and was massquently obliged to sell pare coffee, sal Ede Mammas stated that the complaint. and the Mum en his hands from his offended and dis enstomers lasted more than a month. (Great r poo lt i ter sta .) A le ted t tte , raswhlich he ong as had chi received fkor a cory could beLive ob tained, even if u high in price as coffee, it would continue to be mixed with coffee. A letter which he had received from Cork stated that, if the Chancellor of the Exchequer prohibited the mixture of chicory with coffee the result would be that hereafter only 10 tags of collie would be sold for every 100 bags sold at present. In fact, it was his conviction that, if they could not get the mixture, hundreds et persons would prefer pure chicory to Ceylon coffee. (Great laughter.) These proofs, furnished by parties who were the best judges because they were the largest sellers, must convince the house as to the general fe elin g in the country. It did so happen that if there was • case et this kind in which the public could protect itself it was is this case of coffee. There might be, and were, difficulties in preventing the adulteration of tea, and of sugar, and of such similar articles; but any one could, at a mo ment, detect the adulterations in coffee. Coffee esuld be bought in the bean ; and though chi cory was sold cut into small pieces, it could not be so cut as to resemble the coffee bean ; and a coffee-mill cost only from Is. 6d. to 2s. 6d. Besides this, he believed there was not a respectable grocer anywhere who would not grind the coffee before the eyes of the customers, if they de sired it. It was surelylthereforc an min interfe rence, when it was so palpable that the public d so very well protect themselves. As to the argument adduced from the state of the revenue in respect to coffee, he believed it to be altogether unsound and illusory. g il . e te reatly doubted whether the adoption of the course su would mowed in preventing the mixture ; and at a events he was not' prepared to have recourse to so vexatious a system. It was all nonsense to tell him that all that was wanted was a can celling of the Treasury minute. What he was redly asked to do was, to create a police by mama of the Excise—to lay informations against all perdu offend ing by these mixtures, and to enforce the penalties provided by law. He was satisfied that if we were to con sent to such proceedings every member of thathouse would be in the daily receipt of petitions and remonstrances, and that they would very soon be forced to retrace their steps. Mr. E. H. STANLEY (Lynn) was astonished that the right hon gentleman refused to do that as regarded coffee which was already done for the prevention of - adulteration in respect to tea, to sugar, to pepper, and to many other articles. The right hon. gentleman said that the public could protect themselves—that they could purchase coffee, if they wanted coffee, in the bean. But there must be some practical difficulty here which did prevent that protection being successful. The right hon. gentleman admitted that there had been a falling off in the consumption of coffee. To what was this to be attributed ? Certainly not to a falling-off la the consumption of such articles by the working chew. At the present moment the labouring classes were consuming such articles to a much larger extent than for some years past. (Ministerial cheers.) By that cheer they acknow ledged that a falling off in the consumption had not taken place on the part of the working classes. The right hon. gentleman had said that there had been an increase in the consumption of tea and cocoa, but ho did not think this was to be attributed to the falling-off in the consumption of coffee, but to the temperance movement, which had de creased the consumption of spirituous liquors and led to the adoption of other beverages by the people. (Hear, hear.) He found that the quantity of coffee entered for home consumption in 1817 was 3Tmillions of pounds. Since that time, it had gradually decreased, and last year—the year 18.50—:it had been only 31 millions of pounds. It had been found that of the whole quantity consumed, as coffee, fully two-thirds was not real wile. From this adulteration, there were various turtles who suffered. To the revenue there was the loss of two-thirds of duty on the whole quantity consumed. (Hear, hear.) There could not be the slightest doubt that asarly all the chicory sold in this country was sold ander the name of coffee, and there was not one man in a hundred who went to bey it but believed he was buying genuine coffee. In this way the public were the losers, but they were not the only losers. The colonial producer was also a loser, for he was obliged to bring his coffee to this country, and pay the duty, sad compete with an article which did not pay duty. (Hear.) The honest retailer was also a loser. The man who sold coffee as coffee could not sell at such a low price as those who sold the adulterated article, and thus he was liable to lose his custom. He had in what he had said assumed that the article of chicory was perfectly harmless. He had, however, the testimony of a high me di cal autho rity to the effect that it was highly prejudicial. This, how ever, he knew was controverted, and he, therefore, would not insist on it. Although, however, it were per fectly harmless, that was no reason why the y should pay for chicory three times it. value. (Hear, hear.) Gooseberry wine was very wholesome, but that was no reason why they should bey it as clam . (Laughter.) In the course of investigation it had been found, too, that chicory was not the only article used in the adulteration of coffee. Dog biscuit, beans, cabbage leaves, and tan coloured earth, were also used for a similar purpose. (Hear, hear.) The right hon. gentleman had said that altho ugh a law was enacted on the subject, it would be evaded. This might be said of a law enacted for any purpose. He would oak, however, if acme of the laws at present were evaded? Was not the l o azainet the adulteration of tobacco week after week ? and woo not parties regularly brought up at the police courts Su being pally of such eyssions ? They beard nottdanythimt inquisitorial or inconvenient in reference to the law isenling tobacco. Even althourh inconvenience did arise it would be more than counterbalanced by the Food which would accrue to the public. It was necessary for 1 the protection of the poor particularly that parties should I be prevented ftom going on with such systems of adultera ting. (Divide, divide.) Col. THOMPSON was in possession of a few particulars as this subject obtained from a dealer in the West Riding of Yorkshire. This person 'seeded that there was alesing like deception in the selling of the chi- Oen and that all his customers bad a• way et knowing whether the article was mixed or I not by comparing the price at which he sold chicory ground and unground. (" Oh, oh," and laughter) The I facility with which hon. gentlemen broke out into rap-' tures of mirth was remarkable. (Laughter.) This dealer I sold ground coffee at Is. 2d. which was mixed with coffee, and the genuine unground coffee he sold at 2s. per lb. (Hear, hear.) He said that when the working classes in the West Riding of Yorkshire found their condition im proved, they bought leas coffee and more meal than be fore ; and when their condition was bad the phrase in the manufacturing districts was, " Clamm'd with coffee." (Hear, hear) Sir J. TYRRELL observed that there had been • great meeting in the City on this subject, at which the hon. mem ber for Huntingdon had said that he was interested in the growth of coffee in Ceylon and the East Indies, and the hon. member was therefore interested against the mixture of chicory with coffee. It must be conceded that this was altogetheramixedvestion—(laughter)--notoolyseregarded the mixture of chicory with coffee, but as regarded the positive and actual facts of the case. He was prepared to state as • fact that whether coffee was warmed in a palace or a cottage, the best was that which was cons= of genuine coffee with a small admixture of chicory. was the testimony of tradesmen in all parts of the country, that their trade would be greatly diminished if any ob struction were raised against mixing chicory with coffee. He admitted that he had an interest in chicory with the hon. member for Huntingdon, who admitted he bad an interest in coffee, and he looked at that interest in as dear • point of view as was possible. (Laughter and chem.) Mr. WABLET his surprise at the Chancellor of the Exchequer to under his ears the fraudulent dwalax. For the beau Osier the right hou, gentleman hod no sympay. as arid al ionfidie it • fortunate eirmsmstamos that a posserM awl& go oft of its way to sanction a frrea system of twin. The effect of it might be sun in its Yam upon the U ser:eat barowet mid= who witnewbegodi he was = d o irC rth oonstorrpo:mital (t = The bon. b e knew tidiest =IL =sham tbsestee; wadi est ogin ale boa= wipes whoa =dories Minna of dim= whet ant be tb Abet spit the Asper it dam was onsinntly mei whoa a pawn war is Dimes weed Ihe podia. Int the goads* waa, yes= } ambit IS sight lo ineeinge theudulent eyes= in a eerie= paths et the Ina of country, woad the lows giw their sinedit to the t en M big 1 (Hear, hew.) He biped the division would ibur the contrary. W. HOME was surprieed that his hen. friend ati Lrivis always stepped forward in the awe of the people, now tell them that the people could take care of them selves. The question now was, whether the government were right in refusing to interfere. He thought they were perfectly right. (Hear.) To interfere would only in crease the vexation. Ile hoped the house would see the propriety of leaving the public to take care of themselves. Sir W. JOLLIFFE said he would nut hare troubled toe house with any remarks on this question had it not stood in some relation to agriculture, but he thought that he and his hon. friends near him were justified in considering how the excise laws affected the cultivation of the land. In the article of barley they were equally restricted by the excise law. Ile wished to put it to the Chancellor of the Exchequer whether he intended to-morrow morning to in stitute prosecutions by the Treasury against those who adul terated tea, while he sanctioned the adulteration of coffee. He wished the taste of the country was entirely in favour of chicory, and that they should produce all that they con sumed ; but, as they were restricted with regard to other articles, he thought they should carry out the principle so long as they maintained it ; and therefore he should sup port the motion. Mr. BASS said he could not sufficiently admire the Chancellor of the Exchequer's desire to keep the exciseman off their doors ; but us he was so liberal in the article of coffee, he put it to him whether he would extend the same indulgence to brewers ' and whether great injustice was not inflicted on those unfortunate publicans who were brought up before the magistrates, and Sued 1001. or 2001. for mix ing their beer. The house then divided: oe For the motion B9 Against it ADVERTISING VANS AND BARREL-ORGANS. On the motion of Colonel SIBTIIO/11. leave was given to bring in a bill to prohibit the use of advertising vane and barrel-organs in the streebi of the metropolis. Colonel ISUNNE moved fora return of the names, alpha betically arranged, of all members who have served on public committees in each session of the present parliament, with tho date of the first and last day of the sitting of each committee, the number of days of attendance of each mem ber on each committee, and the number of days on which each committee sat —Return ordered. BRITISH ~1 HITE HERRIN G FISHERY BILL, This bill passed through committee with several verbal amendments, an hon. member giving nothe that he would propose an amendment on the bringing up of the report. FARM BUILDINGS BILL. This bill was read a third tim • and passed. PRISONS (SCOTLAND) BILL. This bill was read a third time and passed. The house rose at a quarter past one. gilt eritrtoss. TO CORMISPONDIINTS. A Second Fslftios of " The Ewes," taWlan the same evening% Guette," V yoldlaked every Tuesday sal friday sight, ht time Re peat. Adria tomcats intended tee " The Ezpraw," London Evening paper, taut be at the °Moe, 10, Bouverie.street, by Two o'clock on the day of yablisalien. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. TIM DAT—Moralag. 61. U.. —Afternoon. 71. S. To•reaww—Monfag. 70.41 v. Aftarso" SI. lefe. LONDON, FRIDAY, JUNE 6. OUR contemporary, the Times, congratulated the English world a few days ago on the royal meetings of Warsaw and Olmutz, "as indications that the concert and alliance of the northern courts were restored." It is quite consistent, certainly, that the journal which congratulated Germany on the restora tion of the MrrrEnNfex n:gime at Frankfort, should also give vent to a laureate ode on the resuscitation of the Holy Alliance. The meeting of the two sovereigns at Warsaw — that newly established capital of central Europe— inspired us with very different sentiments. Such meetings, we know, never take place but to generate some plot or device, some bar against the liberties of Europe. But when the Warsaw correspondence told how the Emperor NICHOLAS had put his arm round the Kin g of PRUSSIA'S waist, calling his Ma jesty his dear FRITZ ; and how FREDERICK WILLIAM returned the imperial billing by a cooing of the' ' same warmth, oh, then, we felt fearfully assured that this same pair of turtle-doves had agreed and determined upon some treacherous and liberticide act. Nor were we wrong; for no sooner did the King of PRUSSIA return to Berlin, hot from the Mus covite embraces, than an edict appeared, re-establishing the old provincial diets of the Prussian kingdom, which so long existed previous to 1848, and which were invented to cheat the people of their promised constitution. There is no Prussian who does not see in this act the death warrant against the Prussian constitution, the last thing of the kind which his Prussian Majesty had invented, and the last to which he swore and re-swore eternal faith. — Alas for oaths and kings! And the Times has nothing but congratulations for this great and final rivetting of despotic fetters, whichitstrangcly regards as the guarantee of order and of peace. Now, in our opi nion monarchy, anda respect for monarchs and for go vernments, would prove, especially in countries like Germany, the best guarantee of order and of peace. But had all the red republicans in the world set their heads together to devise the most efficient means for discrediting monarchy, for eradicating loyalty, and for making the very name of prince the object of ex ecration and disgust, they certainly could not have proposed any means so conducive to that end as the conduct which has been pursued by all those patrons and proteges of the Times—the kings and princes of Europe. Whoever has perused the account of the installa tion of the statue of the Great FREDERICK at Berlin, at which ceremony the King and all officials duly attended, but from which every unsalaried Prussian stayed away, may judge how far the policy pursued at Berlin strengthens the throne and the cause of order, or how much that Holy Alliance which the Times hails as a rampart not to be " assailed by . any other state," really strengthens Germany against attacks from republican France. We cannot but think in this respect directly contrary to the Ames. The utter subserviency of German sovereigns to Russian policy and ideas, instead of tending to exclude revolutionary or anarchist ideas and powers from Germany, flings down on the contrary every barrier that could resist them. Neither the army of the smaller German powers nor that of Prussia itself can be long depended upon, now that the last vestige of a constitution is swept away. The fate of Germany for the present, as well as of France, is no doubt in the hands of their sol diers. But what the soldiers of these coun tries think, what they recommend, what they feel, and finally how they may act, remains a mystery and a fear. That a great catastrophe will be the end of all this, that the more completely all constitutions and all liberties are abolished, the more certain and the more fearful will be the catastrophe, there is not a man that doubts. And this doubt and that fear are no idle, speculative surmises. Such fear ' haunts the merchant in his counting-house, as well as the statesman in his cabinet. It prevents the manu facturer from investing his capital, and the man of property from spending it, just as much as it encourages Communists and Jacobins to fur bish their ideas and their swords. And it is this state of tyranny, fear, and insecurity that paralyses all commercial activitv,as well as poli tical progress and social well being; this it is that the Times hails with a sanctified satisfaction, such as might become a scribe or a secretary of MET TERNICH or POLIONAC. And then we are treated to a homily upon the virtue and forbearance of the Emperor NICHOLAS. Forbearance, indeed! His Russian Majesty has taken advantage of the Hungarian insurrec tion to render Austria completely subser vient and indebted to him for existence. His interference in Hungary has made all the Danubian and Selavonic races look to the Rus sian as the only dominant and self-subsisting power in eastern Europe. As the consequence of Hungarian triumph has been the ascendancy in Aus tria of a military and despotic party, which knows no form of government but the sword, Austria may be said to have no people. It has but an army, supported by the overstraining of its finance. Having thus subdued Austria, and ren dered it dependent on Russia, the CZAR'S go vernment made use of Austria to menace and reduce Prussia to a similar antagonism with its people, to a similar hostility with all that is really German, and to a similar dependence upon Russian support for existence. The two great sovereigns of Germany thus in rivalry with each other, and at tho same time objects of execration to all Germans, it is impossible to frame or imagine a more utter state of helpless weakness and dependency than Germany has fallen into. The princes of that country are mere satraps of the Cr" who from Warsaw dictates laws and resolutions at Dresden and at Frankfort. The Czar NICHOLAS has just ordered King FREDE RICE WILLIAM and his minister, MARTIN:TITRE, to abo lish the Prussian constitution. Neither the KING nor his minister would like to go so far. They know it is r cutting the last link that bound the house of Bon acu.t.tmts to the people of Prussia; and that it is nothing less than an eternal divorce of that dynasty from the German people. But the CZAR ordains. And the CZAR can give, take, and dispose of German cro wn , and principalities as he pleases. And the 7'im, s calls the CZAR forbearunt because, forsooth, he has not annexed Gallicia, or declared Posen to be part of the Polish empire. But the C7.AR is a long-winded and stealthy operator. Two years are not much to employ in the destruction of all the love that the German people bore to their princes. Two years are not too much to apply in desecrating German loyalty, and converting German sovereigns into Russian satraps. That completed, Russia, either under Ntettenss, or under some other ltostAxoi more courageous and less wily, may appro. priate and take what provinces it pleasm. No prince at least durst offer resistance. Although what the people and the great people-amiits might and will do remains, as we said, a mys tery. Diplomatic journalists may call this what they please. But it is not political wisdom nor honesty. Neither is it forbearance, but on the contrary 'a pushing of tyranny to some of its worst Neither is it order nor peace; both are incom patible with mere military despotism in countries developed morally, physically, and intellectually, as is Germany. MR. MACKENZIE opposed the second reading of the School Establishment (Scotland) Hill, because the believed it would have the effect of subverting the parochial system." Why, in so far as education is concerned, the parochial system of Scotland is sub verted—subverted, not by legislators with acts of parliament, or judges with decisions, but by the in. crease of population and the change in civil and so cial relations which have rendered it inapplicable and inadequate to its original purposes. When Joux KNOX and his associates—who, we beg leave to remind Sir Itoßmir INGLIS and Mr. REYNOLDS, were antiprelatists and iconoclasts —laid the foundation of the system of parish schools in Scotland, the inhabitants of each parish were so few in number that ono school master amply sufficed for the instruction of all their children. In those days, also, only two churches were known in Scotland, the unre formed and the reformed, the existence of the one of which was incompatible with the other. Again, theology was the only practical science that had been popularised. Law and medicine were professional mysteries, general science was not ; but theology was disseminated among the people as " useful knowledge" has been in our days, and by pretty similar agencies. Thus it came that the edu cational system of Scotland was made subservient to theological instruction alone, because that was the only intellectual pursuit which the people were ac quainted with or cared for; that the theology of ono church one' was tolerated in schools, for the possi bility of the co-existence of several independent churches was an idea that had not then entered into the minds of men; and that each parish had its ono schoolmaster, and no more, because the parishes having recently been reconstructed on the basis of population, one schoolmaster sufficed. In the course of 300 years this state of affairs has been entirely changed. While the number of pa rishes has been scarcely augmented, the population has enormously increased, and its distribution has been altered. There are parishes which contain fewer inhabitants than they did in the days of Ksox, mid there are parishes which contain more tens of thousands than they then did hundreds. To ren der a parochial system of education applicable to the existing wants ot society the number of parishes in Scotland would require to be doubled or tripled. Hut in the way of such an arrangement stands the fact that there are now not two churches waging an internecine war, but in addition to the old ltomish church and the newer established presbyterian, there are the "intermediate," as a London brewer might phrase it, or the "demi-chand-froid," to bor row a phrase from Ai.r.sis SOYER, prelatical church, the Cumeronian, which claims to be the " genuine" kirk of Scotland, the united secession, the free church, the independent or congregationalist church, with many communions of inferior import ance, in so far as numbers confer importance. Tho members of the established, or, as it is now more commonly called, the " residuary" church of Scot land, are actually a minority of the population ; and the majority will not submit to any arrangement by which the national schools arc to be subjected to tho propagandist purposes of the minority. Lastly, other branches of science, abstract and applied, as well as theology, have come to be cultivated by the people. The professional cultivators of theology are no longer competent to the task of exclusively superintending and controlling schools in which many other intel lectual pursuits are cultivated in addition to their own. The parish schoolmaster, us deputy or sup plement to the parish minister, is no longer adequate to the education of Scotland. A modified system of education is required for the wants of the com munity. It is not merely required ; it has partially sprung into existence. 'With the great and good Inventors cr.founders of the parochial system of schools in Scot land, the parish school was only a part of their edu cational institutions. Every parish had its ele mentary school ; every burgh had its " grammar echoed," more liberally endowed and imparting higher instruction ; and both parish and grammar schools were feeders for the universities , which in turn sup plied these feeders with competent teachers. Nar row was the range of study in all three classes of schools in so far as the range of intellectual pursuits was concerned. Theology, the only science of morals of the age, the only popularised branch of knowledge, was the be-all and end-all of their studies. The vernacular language, Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, the Aristotelian logic and ethics, these as auxiliaries to theological in struction were the only things taught in addition to divinity. The legal and medical crafts educated their aspirants as they best might; but every citizen was indoctrinated in the rudiments of theology, and the auxiliary studies; the poor in the parish schools, the more wealthy in the grammar schools, the ministers, men of literary tastes and tho nobility in the universities. The outline of the sys tem was complete and comprehensive, though the materials of the structure were scanty and meagre. In time, however, as other branches of knowledge came to be popularised, the established educational institutions expanded themselves to embrace them. Chairs of medicine, surgery, botany, law (Roman and Scotch), were successively established in the universities. The " regents," or professors, in stead of each teaching a whole curriculum of a meagre literature to his own pupils, selected their special subjects and taught them exclusively, but to all the alumni. A faculty of medicine canoe to be added to the faculties of arts and the ology ; in some of the universities a half-de veloped legal faculty sprung into existence ; and in the faculty of arts, mathematics and what was called natural philosophy, were added to languages, ethics, and logic. In like manner the grammar or burgh schools extended their range of instruction. And here another change was brought into play by the increase in the population, and consequent demand for more schools. The burgh, or grammar schools, had been placed from the beginning under the ma nagement, not of the clergy, but of the town councils. The want of improved - education was felt tint among the middle class ; the grammar schools felt first the hand of innovation ; and in many places where none existed, or where the magistrates were slow to improve, academies were founded by volun tary associations, as at Ayr. Again wealthy indi viduals bequeathed large sums to establish schools or academies in their native parishes, and thus (as at Dollar, Closeburn, and other places) the rural districts as well as the towns came into possession of seminaries of a superior character to the mere parish school, and more or lea independent of the clergy. Lastly, every succeeding secession from the esta blished church has led to the establishment of ele mentary schools, connected with some denomination or congregation over which the clergy of the esta blishment have no control; and of late years many such schools have been established by purely lay agencies. By the process thus briefly indicated the parochial school system of Scotland has sunk into a state of minor importance, and has been to a great extent already superseded. The best paid and most intelli gent class of schoolmasters are entirely independent of the clergy ; a majority even of the mere ele mentary teachers are independent of and uncon nected with the established church; and even the