The Express. — London, England, 1853-10-24 00:00:00

Ent Conarisfs• TO CORREsPONDENTS. A 'goad &MAU of ..The enatZnjn:rtie same reenine• **(ixen'," is published *eery Dooley sad endsy 34114 In um, do pod.' Nnetwtuau intrude:lW "The Uprose." Lon.los Evening payer, ouur best no oars, 10, dowers...tout, co We day of pub.ealion. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tees I.l4l—Blerslas. Mums" it No. ifss Aftermooa. :h. Om LONDON, MONDA Y. OCTOBER 24. TM: s;;lpt"ed peculiarity of the Bank Returns of last week is the great diminution of the Reserve -1,10r1,14.;'. But this is a %Mill occurrence at this period of the quarter and of Coo sear. In the cor responding a ctk of 1N.72. the reserve decreased, 1.111.2:;::.; of I3;r1, LPN/jilt; and of 180, 962.3 T"):. The amount of the reserve, however,—now 5. 1 :41,n....?.,—a as, in the corresponding week of 1832, 1 j 2.0111. ; o f 1831, 8,374,4109/. ;or Isso, so that it is now lower by 1,271,2161., than at the co. responding period of the year since 1840. The of the reserve—Mdicating the dimished re nolret sof the Bank—is a more just cause of apprehen sion as to the future proceedings of that body than the , 110 of the reserve, which is not greater than usual in the third week of October. Of late great interest has been excited by the Bank, at.l as the Act of Is4l, which regulates the issue of notes, must ere long undergo revision, we caenot perhaps direct public attention too early to the cor.sequ'•necs of .imitir.ee the issue of the Bank b3oed the sum of 14,000,0001., by the amount of gold iu its vaults. The Act requires that the notes issued shall be equal in amount to the ag gregate ea:celiacs of bullion nod coin held by the Moue department, including 11,000,0001. of public securities. Ibis being a fixed sum, the notes issued above this vary exactly as the bullion and coin in the issue department of the Bank vary; and on looking at the accounts it will be seen that there was last wee: 322,3901. less gold coin and bullion in this department than the week bc•fur, , and an equal decrease in the notes issued. In relation to the issue department the bal.'s:og department is considered a part of the and cooscquently there was a diminution in the week ending October 13, to which these returns relate, of the sum borrowed by the Bank on its pro- miser to pay of 522,390/. That is in fact a diminution to that extent of the loanable resources of the Bank, at 1 as the increased issue of notes from the banking department in payment of the dividends, will, ac cording to rule, be speedily returned to it, we may expect, so far as the Bank is concerned, from this diminution of its issues,—a tighter Money Market. At this time last year the amount of bullion in the Bank was 21,700,0004, and the notes issued was 33,000,0601., together 56,700,0001.; now the bullion is 11,679,0004, and the notes issued are 28,679,0001., together 43,35:4,0004, or a difference of 13,342,0001. between then and now in the bullion and notes in the Bank. By the operation of the law, therefore, the paper money was muitiplied when the bullion was abundant, and it is diminished now that the bullion has decreased. The law which makes the amount of bank-notes issued, or credit money, de pend ou bullion cannot be exonerated from the charge of having made money improperly cheap in le - ,2 and improperly dear in 1833. From the highest point to which the bullion in the Bank reached, in July, 1832, 21,977,0001. to the present time, when it amounts to 13,271,4741., the decrease is 6,70.5,526/. ; and an equal decrease of notes having taken place. the decrease of money since last July is upwards of 13,400,0001. The Bank 0' England is not singular in having a diminished quantity of bullion. Since the beginning of the present half year, or since March, the Bank of Fiance has lost 6,200,0001. of bullion. Since the beginning of the year the imports of bullion into the United States have amounted to 43,362,429 doll., and there have been exported 15,007,785 dole, leaving 29,354,844 dole. to be accounted for. The banks have absorbed of this sum 934,836 dole., the sub•tressury 6,292,782 dots., and the mint 1,492,044 dols., making a total of 8,719,642 dole., and leaving nearly 20,000,000 dole. not accounted for. These 20,000,000 dole., says the Guided Slates Eco itoo.ist of the Bth inst., from which we have bor rowed these figures, " have been absorbed in the circulation enhanced by the great productions natural and manufactured." Taking the round number of 4,000,0001. for the last sum, and adding it to the 6,200,0001. lees possessed by the Bank of France, and adding also the 8,705,526/. which has gone out of tli Bank of England, we arrive at the conclusion that since the beginning of the year about 17,000,000/. of bul.ion has been absorbed and taken into use by the active, busy commercial world. We may state that aim to be about the amount of the increase in circu lation required to carry on the great increase of business which has ensued within that period. The apprehensions of war in some places, and its actual prevalence in Able% say have led to some hoarding, bat that cannot be much. Any each hoard ing could have had no influence on the States; it meld only recently have had any influence in Europe; and this absorption of bullion began before the close of last year, and leas great in the States as in England and France. The greater portion of it le due to the increased activity and great extent of commerce,—and after the gold discoveries this great absorption of bullion by business is one of the most extraordinary circumstances of the time. The Act of 1844, which made it imperative on the I Bank to limit it issues above 14,000,000/. by the amount of bullion in its coffers, also fixed the circu lation of private banks at the amount then in exist ence, and discountenanced the use of private bank notes. Since then, however, a large and a continual increase has taken place in the wealth of society, and I n the credit indispensable to carry on the increase of trade has increased in like proportion. But the Legia. lature has placed an artificial and arbitrary barrier I to the increue of money representing credit. It haa t , aide the amount depend on the bullion in the Bank of England—though what relation there is between " the• and the actual business carried on and actual credit required in society, no economist, or financier, or law-maker has yet found out. Instead of the bulion in the Bank increasing with business and credit, it decreases in a manner quite remarkable ; and the consequence is, that precisely at the period when credit money should be increased, because business is wonderfully increased, and because a greatly increased quantity of commodities arc on their way to the market, the Legislature arbitrarily forbids it, and causes that deficiency of credit money, and that great rise in the rate of ' interest which the diminished resources of the Bank compel it to ordain. It makes an artificial scarcity, and forces men to use gold when they would other- , wise use paper. Of the present dearness of money, as of its cheapness in 18.12, the Act of 1844 is more guilty than the war in the East or the exporters to Australia, who have only carried on business in the ordinary way. Whatever wrong they may do in exporting too much, they must answer for it in inade gume returns and diminished fortunes; but the greater wrong done by the Legislature falls on the whole community, which suffers severely, and can with great difficulty detect the source of the evil. As we draw near the end of October we are able to ascertain how much allowance we must make, in computing our crops, for the effect of the raise of the last year. Without enlarging on our misfortunes of this kiiid we may just refer to the excessive wet which iLterfered with the last autumn's sowing, and real that Ike:ember and January were so warns u to prepare such plants as had germinated for destruct tion by the frosty weather which set in, ir. February. In April both the atmosphere and the soil were colder than in December and January ; and on the ttth of May the ground was covered with snow over almost all England. June was fine on the whole; but Je!y, which is expected to warm the soil in preparation for the &dieting sunshine of August, was wet and chilly; and the only wonder is, that, considering the perversity of the tempera tures of the year, we have any harvest at all. The agricultural world knows very well that the time WAS when such a season would have cut off the bar vest almost entirely, and that we owe our partial sup plies to agricultural improvement, especially in the form of drainage, by means of which much cold wet has been drawn off, and much atmospheric warmth admitted to the roots of the growing crops. Having learned and effected thus much, the agricul tural world is ready to learn new lessons from such a season as that of 18e):3, and to try how much more of a remedial nature can be effected. If we cannot make the sun shine, we can save the earth from much chill; and the drawing away the waters from the soil is surely the next best thing to sweeping away the clouds from the sky. In defiance of ancient jokes, we may make ourselves clerks of the weather office without ridicule, after all. The next ques tion is.—who is to do this? Under the existing scarcity of labour and rise of wages, can a new kind of public works, so extensive as that of systematic arterial drainage, be proposed? Why, yes, if it be sufficiently profitable—anything like so profitable as it has been found in detail, where wisely performed. And there is, as we have observed before, the great resource of convict labour. At this moment Captain DEtsnAM, we are told, is in the South Seas, looking about fur islands for penal colonies. At this moment our bulks are already becoming overcrowded ; so that the very dangerous experiment is tried of re leasing convicts, with tickets of leave, from sheer want of accommodation for a troop of successors. At this moment Colonel it 1313 issues • report which tells us what has been done on Dartmoor by convict labour. The inmates of the Dartmoor Prison have reclaimed and placed under til lage Oi acres of land, turned bog into water meadows, irrigated with liquid manure; manufactured manure for sale out of peat aid other substances; stored peat for gas to light, and fuel to warm the prison ; finished a great tank, and acres of planting, and many thousands of yards of wall ; raised great crops of roots, hay, and garden vegetables, and a group of farm buildings, and a respectable amount of stock— and all this in a place where their labour interfered with nobody, their encroachments being upon a mere desert and nothing else. The estimated expenses of the prison during the last year amount to 28,0001., and the value of the labour of the convicts to about 18,0001. May we not take the hint ? Whilst the new penal settlement is unfound, here is a suggestion of a great fund of labour, with a wet season, to indi cate exactly what we ought to do with it. Here is a mode of employing our convicts. There would be no room in this case for the old and un manageable complaint about giving away to convicts the employment of honest men. We see no signs of any honest men being set to work systematically to secure us arterial drainage by improving our watercourses; and let us by all means get that service out of the thieves, at least till we have found soma outlying place to send them to, They cannot endanger society so much, if duly superintended, as the ticket-of-leave men, who are free to go into the towns. Instead of the existing hulks, with dockyard labour, we should have smaller vessels and convict companies, with meadow labour, with such constant change of place as would obviate the danger and inconvenience of convict residence. We see what has been done with a stationary Daft moor : why should we not try a floating and itine rating Dartmoor—at any rate, partially and tem porarily, while pondering the convict case? It is certain that, if our convicts cannot give us* thorough arterial drainage, we must find honest men to do it, for it requires no sorcery to foretell that it is one of the things which will come to pus, as surely as the seedtime and the harvest which demand it. LATEST FROM THE CONTINENT. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. The fallowing telegraphic despatches have been received from Vienna : CONSTANTINOPLE, Orr. 17. The combined Beets have pained through the Dar danelles; they will proceed up to Constantinople, one by one. Hostilities are to commence forthwith. Bt CHATINST, Oar. 15. I Omer Pacha is preparing to mom the Danube, near Ibraili and Widdin. Bridges have been con structed to the islands nearly opposite those places which Turkish corps already occupy. ", Ocr. 15. Letters from Bucharest state that strong rein forcements of Russian cavalry have entered Walla chia. Prince Clortachakoff passes all his time with the troops, and has several times ordered the alarm to be sounded to convince himself of the alacrity of the troops. AUSTRIA. VIENNA, Ocr. 20. The Prince of Montenegro is increasing his forces. Denis Pacha, who commanded a corps in the late' war, has arrived at Mostar, and is to organise a Turkish force to watch the frontier. The Austrian Archduke Ferdinand Max has been seat into that neighbourhood. Salim Pacha is made Governor of Antivari. In the Ga:ette the Austrian government officially contradicts the report from Orson of the 12th, according to which the Turks were threatening to attack Halefat. • 4 • • J 7 TILE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 24, 1853. FRANCE. ANOTHER MANIFESTO BY THE CZAR. PARIS, SATtaDAY Evasmo. Nothing is talked of to-day but the manifesto of the Emperor of Russis, of which, however, no authentic particulars are known. Nevertheless, certain expressions alleged to be contained in it are repeated in so many quarters that it is not easy to reject the reports on the subject as wholly devoid of foundation. lam informed that the text of the document reachel the French government last night and not sooner, and that M. Dronyn de Lhuys went to Compiegne this morning to lay it before the Em. peror. It is not within the bounds of possibility that the manifesto can have arrived many hours earlier than last night. The Czar did not reach St. Peters.. burg till the 13th. A state paper of this importance must at least have required a day to prepare, and in all probability it could not have left St. Petersburg till the 15th. Six days is the average time taken by a courier in performing the journey, and therefore he could not well have arrived in Paris before yesterday, the 21st. A tele graphic despatch was received some days since from the French ambassador at Vienna, in which the general character of the manifesto was described. The contents of this despatch have doubtless in part transpired and given rise to the current rumours. It is agreed on all hands that the Czar's new proclama tion to the world contains something very insulting to France. Some allusion is made, it is said, to France being a hot-bed of revolution, and Nicholas puts himself forward as the great anti-revolutionary champion of the world. A phrase which I have fre quently heard to-day as being contained in the manifesto is to this effect:—" lam in my right. I will defend it, as well as the rights of my co religion- 1 ists, against all foreign interference (inami.rtioh) whatever, and I shall not stand alone." The latter expression, which points to a coalition of the northern powers, receives a degree of confirmation from the Abeills of St. Petersburg, which affirms distinctly that Russia, Prussia and Austria have come to an understanding ec sent entemlas as to the course to be pursued with regard to the eastern question. The statement of the Abcilk has produced a painful impression, and is considered to be the principal cause of the great depression which prevailed at the Bourse. The Threes opened at 72.20 and soon went down to 72. At that point a smart struggle took place, but i all the efforts to support the market proved unavail ing. The quotation of 72 was definitively de croeV., and the closing price, the lowest of the day, was 71.90, being a fall of 35c. from yesterday. The Four-and a-Half per Cents., which tilt very lately were above per, are now at 98.73 e. Bank of France fell 10f. The railways were all lower, except Montereau and Troyes, which rose 2.50. Orleans fell IM., and several of the other lines as much as SE and 10f. The price of Consols at twelve o'clock is now posted re gularly at the opening of the Bourse, but there is no reason why a second telegraphic despatch, dated one hour later, should not arrive before the close. The Phare de la Manche announces that the squad. ron, which was preparing to leave Cherbourg and was about to set sail on Wednesday, received counter orders on Tuesday evening. The Organ, of Brest, says the three frigates, Ulloa, Darien, and Canada, are now being armed in that Port PARIS, SUNDAY EVILD/INO. A decree of the Minister of Finance fixes the in terest on Treasury Bonds at 3i per cent. per annum for the bonds of from three to five months, at 4 per cent. for the bonds of from six to eleven months, and at 4h per cent. for the bonds of twelve months. This rate of interest is to commence on the 24th inst. The Moniecur contains a decree for aduirtii;Tg pro visionally free of duty, whether by laud or sea, and whether in French or foreign bottoms belonging to the country of production, beef and mu'ton fat intended to be used in the manufacture of stearine candles, upon the condition, however, that the importer shall engage in a sufficient bend to re export or replace in oond, within four months, either 100 kilogrammes of candle. or 50 kilos. of candles and 50 kilos. of " oleique" acid for every 100 kilos. of fat imported. In the ease of foreign ships claiming the benefit of this decree a certificate of the origin of the merchandise will be required. Here is another instalment of free trade, but coupled with very scrupulous provisions against an undue inundation of foreign grease. Another decree allows the sheep's milk cheese from Corsica called Bruccio to be admitted provisionally ' duty free. The Sieck, on the faith of correspondence from Constantinople, dated the 6th, gives the following explanation of the delay in the movement of the fleets: It is confidently stated that as soot a M. Lamar had read the despatches brought by the Solos, he canoed the Sultan to be informed that the fleets would some to Con stantinople as soon as the necessary &maw fresher passage should be signed. To this overtire Besethid Pacha an swered, that the Sultan would be happy aad proud to re ceive such support ; but that, before granting &maw for the entry of the fleets, his Highness desired to have ' a frank explanation of the object proposed to them selves by his illustrious allies. if Stiehl' and French vessels or English and French troops were to come to take a sort of military possession of Conetaatiaople, and even tually to restrict the freedom of action of the Turkish government, the Sultan, said limeltid Puha, would think it fitting to deprive himself of aseistaace which he ardeatly solicited, if it were intended to aid him is making the Hessian invitees. The answer of the ealmisodess having beet that they felt it necessary to rake to thole megmative ts, the question ;remained there forth' oseoseat. S i t imm emording to the telegraphic dispatch from Ti ,it appear to be certain that on the 10th, the Pane did apply for the fleets. This demand, it is said, was Mb explanations given by Lord de Bedell & as to the mil intentions of France and England. Referring to the reports industriously circulated by the German journals, the Sleek sap it was said, so ressntly as yesterday, in high political circles, that Frans* and England, having exhausted all attempts at conciliation, would now abstain from any diplo matic step, and, without rejecting any proposition for an amicable arrangement, would, for the sake of their own dignity, leave the initiative to be taken by The Paint, however, in its " Lint News,": says a correspndence from Vienna, of the 19th, affirms that the Conference of the Four Powers continues to meet, and that, according to rumour, in spite of the state of things in Turkey, it did not despair of arriving at an arrangement founded upon • new basis, which would satisfy all parties. The Austrian government has thought it necessary to give an official contradiction to the rumour that the Princes of Moldavia and Wallachia had been deposed. ft is reported that at the desire of the Empress a general amnesty will be granted to the press on the occasion of her fete. There were rumours in Sep tember, when the Saint Eugenie ought, properly speaking, to have been celebrated, that such an amnesty was in contemplation, and now that the St. Eugene (Nov. 13), which the Empress has chosen for her fete day, approaches, these rumours are re vived. The Empresa. it is said, wishes to follow the example of the Queen of Spain, who lately pardoned all outstanding press offences. If the Emperor admits the precedent, he will not only confer a boon upon a very large number of respectable persons, but perhaps hit upon an expedient to get his own government out a difficulty. It is evidently not his intention to extinguish the preen, although he has made many ineffectual efforts to mould it to his wishes. There is, upon the whole, more practical liberty for the press than was ex pected when the harsh laws by which it is now go- verned were enacted. The opposition journals do not of course write slashing articles, but the imagi nation of their residers who know how they are ham pered supplies the want of strong language, and the desired impression is generally conveyed. The Paris press seldom lays itself open to a legal prosecution with a chance of success. Warnings, indeed, may be arbitrarily inflicted, but as, after two of these admo nitions, the only further remedy is suppression, the severity of this part of the system has been found to defeat itself. Accordingly the central government is chary of technical warnings. Whenever it is known beforehand that any unpalatable statement of import ance is likely to appear, a commissary of police goes round to the notepaper offices, and intimates that the objectionable matter must not be published under pain of suppression. The editors cannot choose but defer to high communications of this kind, but they are obviously only applicable to a comparatively small class of cases. The warning system is there fore, in spite of its absurdity, resorted to every now and then. You may remember that all old scores were wiped off last year when the Empire was pro claimed, and yet more than half the metropolitan, and an immense proportion of the provincial press, has received one or more warnings since. The Con etitutionnel, the Petrie, the Assembh'e Nationale, the Sitcle, the Gazette de Nance, the Mode, and the Echo Ayricole, are all in this case. Without some frequently recurring jubilee, either the warning power of the government must at this rats be soon exhausted, or the journals must cease to be. Perhaps the expedient of an annual St. Eugenie amnesty may serve to prolong their existence while allowing the favourite system of frequent formal menaces to be continued. Hitherto the papers that were suffered to survive the coup d'etat have been more frightened than hurt by the warnings. There are, however, a good many provincial editors in prison, or sen tenced to pay lines, to whom the rumoured clemency would be a welcome and substantial relief. Apropos of warnings, a second one (the first was given leas than a fortnight ago) has just been in• fiicted upon the Concilitarur of Tarn. M. Pereira, formerly prefect of the Loiret, who was sometime since " interne" at Caen, has now been ordered to reside at Nantes. In consequence of the successive accidents on the Orleans and Bordeaux Railway, the Minister of Public Works has ordered a special inquiry into the management of the line. M. Frissart, inspector general of bridges and highways, has gone to Orleans, and, accompanied by M. Fuulon, the en gineer, will immediately proceed to the investiga tion. The naval officers now quartered at Rochefort have entered into a subscription for a funeral service, to be celebrated in commemoration of Lieut. Bellot. M. Lamartine is again unwell, owing to the seve rity of his literary labours. M. Michelet, the cele brated professor and historian, who had returned to Paris after a year's residence in Brittany, is recom mended to pass the winter at Nice, on account of the state of his health. The unfavourable accounts of the vintage are un fortunately more than confirmed. Recent intelli gence from six southern departments, the Lot, Lot and Garonne,' Gen, Herault, Hautes and Basses Pyrenees, speak of the crop as being literally all bat annihilated. Of the rich wines of Lunel, Saint Georges, Frontignan, and others of that class, there will be scarcely any. There is, how ever, a comparative abundance of a certain black, thick, heady liquid, the product of cer tain districts of the Gen and Pyrenees, which has long been a favorite drug for the adulteration of wines for Paris consumption. Owing to the scarcity of good wines this is being shipped in unusual quantities to the halle at Bercy, and it is expected that, unless the inspectors display superhuman vigilance, there will be more drugged wine in Paris this year than ever was known. The intrinsic quality of the wine in question is not the worst Fart of the evil. Its strength and predomi nating flavour serves to disguise a number of perni cious materials, in the use of which the Parisian wine sellers are adepts. ITALY. ROME, Oct. 14. The Russisa ambassador has left Rome. The Pope sent to some Polish monks for information about the Polish martyr just canonised. The monks com municated the particulars directly, instead of through the Emperor, and have been sent in consequence to Siberia. To this severity the Pope alluded in his harangue, and wept as he deplored that catholics in Russia had no other course left but to suffer and die. the 17th of Sep. timber, the 'choosier Penelope, Wm. Sweden, master, sailed from Cardiff, with a cargo of iron for 'drum's; on the 22nd she touched at Plymouth, and proceeded immedi ately with a fair wind, which seemed to promise • speedy aecomplistAneut of her voyage. On the 26th she must have encountered the severe and heavy gale, which proved so disastrous to many vessels; and on the 28th inst. a latter was received by Losoombe, Driscoll and Co., at Plymouth, from their correspondents at Harlingen, announcing that sow• wreck, and part of a boat had been washed ashore on an island on the Dutch tout, on the 27th of September, bearing the name of the Mated vessel, leaving no doubt of her low with that of the whole crew, consisting of seven persons. The captain has left a widow and four children ; the mite a widow and three children ; and one Of the OW ' man a widow and two children. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. To-morrow the term fixed by Omer Pacha for the withdrawal of the Russians from the principalities expires. According to the best estimates of the force with which each party enters upon a state of war, Russia has about 180,000 men in the Danubian provinces, the centre of operations of this army. Prince Woronzoff, who commands in the Caucasus, has demanded reinforcements, and his army is to be raised to 200,000. Scarcely the half of this force ' s can be employed against the Turkish army, as Caucasus will be like an immense chain of fortresses in the rear of the Russians. On the side of the Turks, the regular army amounts, according to the declarations of the Minister of War, Mehemet Ali Pacha, to 217,000 men, without count ing the irregular corps and the volunteers. These troops altogether are estimated to amount to 300,000 men, and the new levies to 200,000. Omer Pacha at present commands 110,000 men, distributed on three lines, the Danube, the line from Varna to Choumla, and a third line which guards all the pas sages of the Balkans, and closes the road to Constan tinople. On his side Abdi Pseha has under his orders 50,000 regular troops, and 60,000 irregulars, who are encamped on the banks of the Black Sea in Asia. PORTUGAL. The Oriental Company's steam packet Sultan has arrived at Southampton with mails. The dates are—Gib raltar, Oct. 17; Lisbon, 19; and Vigo, 20. The conditions of the loan mentioned in the last advice. as having been contracted by the Portuguese government with Leroy, Chabrai, and Co., had sot transpired. The wine market at Oporto is very active. The vintage this year promises a wine of good quality ; and the production is estimated at 60,000 or 70,000 pipes. In consequence of the stimulus gives to exportation, freight' hid risen to 60.. per ton. The brig Chance, Berwick master, from Galata, with a eargoof Indian corn, after 80 days' voyage, was making towards Oporto, having sprung a leak, but every effort of the crew and the assistance rendered only enabled them to draw her to the shore at Senhor dos Pedro, where she was totally wrecked, the crew being saved in life-boats belong ing to the Humane Society, which afterwards were obliged to aaWst the pilot boats that were in danger of being lost. The Leander frigate arrived on the 9th and sailed on the 12th; and the Spanish frigate Ferrolana sailed on the 13th. Bschaage, 643. Discount of Bank of Lisbon notes, 2* per mat. AUSTRALIA. LIVERPOOL, BArransx. The ship Eagle, Captain Boyce, belonging to Messrs. Gibbs and Bright, arrived at this port this morning from Melbourne. She sailed on the 28th of July, and has consequently made the passage in 84 days, during which time she was three weeks be calmed, and encountered two very severe gales after entering the chanueL She brought home 150 pas sengers, and 77 bags of letters, containing 45,000 letters and newspapers, with a cargo consisting of 120 packages of gold dust (weighing 63,952 ounces and 10 dwta.) about 256,0001.; 2,070 bags rice (in ballast), 3 boxes apparel, 1 bale whalebone, 2 boxes specimens, 1 box documents, 1 box watches, 4 octaves, 3 kegs wine, and 1,893 loads of flour. Amongst the specie per the Eagle are the two cele brated nuggets so long on show at Melbourne. The produce of gold at the mines was stated to be greater than ever, though little was coming down to Melbourne, owing to the impassable state of the roads. A private escort was robbed on its way to Mel bourne, of 8,000 ounces of dust, and about 4,0001. in gold, and six troopers were killed. The gold (10,0001.) lost from the screw steam-ship Osmanli had not been recovered, although every effort was made to obtain it, a diving-bell having been constructed, and renewed efforts were about to be attempted. The value of gold at Melbourne was 31. 17s. 6d. per ounce, at which rate several sales were effected. A large vessel, apparently an American, was wrecked July 26th, between Jarvis Head and Shoal haven N.S.W. A brig from Liverpool was reported ashore off Port Philip Reads on the 26th July. INTELIGENCE. MILBOCIME, JULY 27. Stocks rapidly accumulating, 12 to 14 ships arriving in a day. A crisis seems Inevitable at so distant period, and many firms, from want of means, must disappear. Ameri can houses will be more particularly exposed to this danger, ADELAIDE, JULE la. Business wu very flat, and the general markets, foreign and colonial, for all descriptions of goods had a downward tendency, but prices were without material alteration. Tea, sugar, and brandy, were in good demand at full rates. Rum and whisky sold slowly. Wheat and flour were much depressed ; the former nominally realised 61. 6d. to 7s. per bushel; flour (for shipment), 171. 10s. to 191. per ton. Oats, 10s. ; Cape ditto, Bs. Gd. English barley, 10s. per bushel. Baena, 10d. to Ild. Huns, 11d. to le. Chew, 7d. to 10d. Fresh butter, 2s. 2d. to 2e. 3d.; salt ditto, Is. 6IL to Is. Bd. per lb. Eggs, 24. to 2.1. 2d. per dos. Potatoes, ISI. to 211. per toe. SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE. July 21. Chelan sailed for Sydney. 20. Euphemius arrived. 21. Argo sailed for Sydney. 22. Moultan sailed for Calcutta ; Ida sailed for Callao. 25. Lucy L. Hale arrived from Boston ; Miles Barton arrived from Liver- pool; Thorwaldsen sailed for Bombay; Walter Scott sailed for the Mauritius. 26. Unity arrived from Liverpool; Urania arrived from London. Projected Departures.—For London : Elisabeth, in July; Madagascar. in July; Roxburgh Castle, Sept 15. For Liverpool: Cleopatra, July 31. For Southampton: Argo, August 14. For Liverpool : Woodstock, July 23. AMERICA. LIVERPOOL, SI:NDAT. The British and North American Royal Moil steamer Americo, Captain Shannon, arrived here last night, with the usual mails from the United States and Canada, Si passengers, nod .191,91 S dole. specie. She left Boston on the 12th and Halifax at 11.27 p.m. on the 13th. The Canada, hence on the Ist inst., arrived at Halifax on the 13th, and proceeded to Boston. The America experienced moderate wea ther during the voyage. The political news by this arrival is not important. There had been two arrivals from California, with dates to the 17th Sept., viz., the Star of the West and the 111inoise, by which about three millions of dollars worth of gold has been imported. The Apaches had been very troublesome at Sonora. The Alta Cali_brain heads an article with "Eighty murders in one week !" The news is not important, except so far as we are enabled to gather from it the result of the state election, which seems to have occupied the public mind to the entire exclusion of every other subject. The returns, although incomplete, seemed to indicate the success of the democratic candidates, and the con sequent re-election of John Bigler to the office of governor, and the probable success of the entire state ticket. The legislature will also be almost unani mously democratic. One million five hundred thou sand 'dollars, it is stated, were expended for eke tioneering purposes. Several serious and some fatal rencontres occurred on the day of election in different parts of the state. Extraordinary excitement existed in the Sandwich Islands, at the date of our last advises, in conse quence of the awful ravages of the smallpox, and the utter neglect of the proper authorities to take any steps to check the pernicious scourge. The natives were being swept away like leaves is the autumn; in some districts over one-third of the population had died, and in the city of Honolulu there were six hundred and sixty-three interments between the 26th of June and 22nd of July. So great was the indigna tion of the citizens against the - Nlinisters of Finance and Public Instruction, who refused to provide means for the purpose of vaccinating all who required it, that large meetings had been held, at which reso lutions were adopted requesting their dismissal from office. A petition for the same object had received some thirteen thousand signatures, and been pre sented to King Kamahamahe, but what action his Majesty would take in the matter had not transpired. The;whest crop of the islands had been harvested and found to realize the most sanguine expectations of the husbandmen. Many mills and machine works were being constructed, and great efforts were mak'ng among all classes to increase both the mechanical sad agricultural productions of the islands. The Illinoise brought two days later news from Jamaica than has come direct. No change had taken place in the state of political affairs on the island of Jamaica since the date of our last advices. The opponents of the existing administration were anxiously awaiting the arrival of the new Governor, who was coming in the steamer Brisk, and has pro bably reached Kingston by this time. Fears were entertained for the safety of the Danish brig En chantress, which had been out some two months. The Hon. John Y. Mason is reported, at Washing too, to be the Minister to France. A despatch from St. Joh;,ii.B., announces the wreck of the steamer Fairy Queen. and the loss of three of the female passengers. The officers and crew, with two of the passengers, escaped in the boats, and eight passengers afterwards floated ashore on the wreck. A most destructive fire had been raging in Provi dence. During the work of devastation by the flames several fights took place between the firemen, in one of which a man named Doughty was brutally beaten to death. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. Naw YORK, Ocr 11. Money Is no easier than at our last report ; in fact, a failure here and one in Philadelphia in the dry goods trade has rather increased the difficulty. Exchange is quoted 1091 to 110. Stocks, except a few sorts, declining. Cotton dull, and down an eighth of a cent. The larger arrivals of 11.ur and the advance in freights have caused the market to decline. BREADSTUITS.—FIour wee plentier and cheaper. The busineu embraced 15,200 bbls. Wheat was in good de mand, and comparatively firm. The operations reach 67,500 bushels, at 1 del. 56e. to 1 dol 60c. for fair to choke Gessoes white; 1 dol. 54c. to 1 dol. 57c. for ditto to ditto Michigan ditto; 1 doL 47e. to 1 dol. 51c. for ditto to ditto Ohio ; 1 dol. 61c. for Canadian ditto ; 1 dol. 47c. to 1 dol. 48s. for Southern ditto; and 1 dol. 42c. for red Southern, per b Babel. Corrow.—The market continues to exhibit a doll and de clining tendency in the face of unfavourable crop advices, with sales of 600 bales. FARlo3nrs.—To Liverpool about 2,000 barrels flour were engaged at 31. 3d. to 3e. 6d. ; about 2,500 to 3,000 bbls. roan at 41. to 41. 3d. ; about 20,000 bushels wheat on private terms, but mostly at 12d. to 13d. in bulk and bags. To London, 1,000 bbls. flour were reported at 4s. ; and 800 ditto ware engaged at 41. 9d.; and 1,500 boxes cheese at 60s. Grata was at 154. To Havre, 20,00) bushels wheat were reported at 22e. to 23e. with some flour at 80c. to 82e. To California, clippers advanced in loading were getting from 80c. to 05e. per foot measurement. AFRICAN COAST. PORTSMOUTH, SuNDAY. The mail packet Hope, Captain Bowen, arrived at Spithead late last night from the coast of Africa. Off Gibraltar on the 13th inst., an accident occurred to her air pump, and she had to sail home against strong S.W. gales. Her dates are—Fernando Po, Sept. 11; Lagos, Sept. 14 ; Accra, Sept. 16 ; Cape Coast Castle, Sept. 17 ; Monrovia, Sept. 22 ; Sierra Leone, Sept. 27 ; Bathurst, Oct. 1; Teneriffe, Oct. 8; and Madeira, Oct 11. Lieutenant Charles Weatherhead Pears, Admiralty agent in charge of the mails on board the Hope, died on the passage home.from general debility. The ship has been quite free from fever since she left Eng land, and she reports the British squadron on the coast to be in the enjoyment of good health. At the Gambier, however, the governor was sick with fever, as was almost every officer in garrison. Rear-Admiral Bruce, in the Penelope, had gone to the southward on the 3rd of September. The Poly phemus was off Lagoa. The Volcano was ordered down to Cape Coast Castle, and the Britomart was at Sierra Leone. The American frigate Constitution was at Cape Coast Castle, and the corvette of the same nation, the Marion, was at Monrovia. A French squadron; was collecting at the Grand Basarn, in reference to some disputes. The Liberian government had received a present of military clothing, &c., from the Emperor of France. The American merchant brig Clara, Captain Zones, had been lost in a tornado off Sierra Leone ; Captain Jones has come to England by the Hope. The French merchant brig Louisiana had also been wrecked off the Gambier. Mr. Whitford, the purser of the screw steamer Faith, who, with a boat's crew, it was feared bad been lost on the coast, has come home in the Hope, having reached Benin destitute ofwater or pro- visions—all were saved. The Hope's cargo consists of 8,000 ounces of gold duet, s quantity of ivory, palm oil, honey, beeswax, gum, ginger, and other produce. She reports com merce being very brisk at Monrovia, but on the coast generally as eat, owing to the war at Lagos and the season combined. Provisions were scarce, rice from 201. to 301. per ton. The new tariff was shortly to come into operation, and was expected to wok very well. The slate tr ade is reported as still going on at some parts of the coast. MORE FIGHTING AT LAGOS. The following aocount of the renewal of civil war at Lagos has been furnished by an eyewitness of the events he describes : _ . On the sth of August, at an early hour, a boat came up the Lagos River from her Majesty's brig Waterwitch, Commander Gardner, when that officer I proceeded to the residence of the 1 g I been reportei that civil war had broken out. &nu e i dispute appears to have arisen between th e King and Commander Gardner in reference to the best course for the former to adopt on the emerg ency, ho declaring th at he was fully prepard. Two rebellious leaders, Cap. tains Ageing and Opellew, took, however, some hos tile steps when they were attacked by the king's troops. The rebels then set tire to the town, and the flames, aided by the sea breeze, destroyed the whole of the king's side of the town. The tire con , tinued through the entire night, and everything was in favour of the rebels, who approached very closely to the king's palace. In the night the rebel ttgeina sent a message to the British Consul, Mr. Campbell, to the t tket • that he had no animosity against the king, and though ho had gained con siderably over the king's forces, he yet was ready to make peace if the king would promise to enact justice for the injuries.the rebels had received from the king's party. On the morning of the 6th Commander Gard ner and the consul went to the king and concluded an armistice between the contending parties till the 9th, when a " palaver" was to be held for the adjust ment of all disputes. On Sunday, the ith, a report arrived to the Effect that the pretender Kosako was drawing near the town, accompanied by a large number of canoes, to assist the rebels. Signals were I made to Commander Gardner to again repair on shore, and ho did so the following morning accom panied by armed boats. The report in question, however, turned out incorrect, the armed canoes having proved a body of allies of the king from Badagry. Their arrival, however, induced the rebels to send to Kosako for assistance, and after a fruitless " palaver" on the 9th, it was ascertained that he was actually coming with a large force. On th e 11th the British consul sent a messenger to ascertain the purpose of Kosako's coming, who replied that he did not dose) with the view of commencing hostilities but that having heard of King Akatois's death he had come to take possession of the town, of which he declared Ise was the rightful king. He also begged the consul to give him a hearing, which the latter agreed to do, provided he would approach the town with two canoes only, which Kosako declined, as beneath his dignity; and he subsequently advanced with his whole force abreast of the palace. This I force consisted of about 600 well armed men, with several very large canoes, some o f w hi c h carried six heavy guns each. Very providentially her Majesty's ship Penelope, with Bear-Admiral Bruce on board, made her appearance the same day; the Polyphemus, Commander Phillips, having also arrived the day before. Circumstances soon assumed a different aspect, seven large British men-of-war's boats being sent up the river under Commander Phillips. In the meantime Kosako and his captain, Tahpa, landed at (*lieu's house, into which the men? of-war's boats fired shot and shell; but they were compelled to return to their station at the mis sion house, as night was coming on. This gave Ko sako and his three captains ample time to escape, which they did. In the night King Akatoi's party, who had not fired a shot as long as Kosako's party was in the town, began to burn and plunder all belonging to their opponents within their reach: even the property of Europeans and other residents was not sate. Ihey made captives of all women and children who were not under good protection, and scenes of the most brutal and horrible character were enacted. The only British merchant at Lagos sent to Commander Phillips for protection to the women and children who had taken refuge et his house, but that officer replied that Akatoi had gained the day, and it was therefore his privilege to make as many captives as he could. One canoe full of these captured and un fortunate creatures was intercepted on its way to Ba daftly by the British squadron, to which place they were being taken as slaves. On the 3rd of September King Akatoi died sud deal y, having poisoned himself, according to report. He had displayed great weakness of character, was addicted to drink, and possessed no authority over 1 his chiefs. On his death Kosako sent a message to the British Consul, expressing his intention of again coming to Lagos as its rightful king ' • at the same time he stopped all communicati on by river and land, and Lagos was now threatened with famine. The British Consul therefore sent to Commander Phillips. who took a fume up the river, and, joined by the troops of the now king. Demme, son of Akatoi, was occupied for two days burning and de stroying some small villages. In the skirmishing a marine was wounded and a Krooman was shot. Having routed the enemy, the British returned to their ships. For the more effectual protection of Lagos, Lieut. Strickland, first of the Polyphemus, had commenced a wall across the island on which the town is situated. :be Court. WINDSOR, Oct.. 22. The Ring of the Belgians, with the Duchess of Brabant, the Duke of Brabant, the Count of Flanders, and the Princess Charlotte of Belgium, attended by their suite, arrived at the Castle at 8 o'clock last evening. The Duke of Wellington and the Belgian Minister also arrived at the Castle. The Duchess of Wellington, the Earl of Aberdeen, and the Hon. Charles Gore arrived to-day. The Queen and Prince, with the King of the Belgians and royal visitors, walked in the grounds adjoining the Castle this morning, and visited the gar d ens at Frogmore. Cel. Wylde has succeeded Lieut.-Col. Francis Seymour as Groom in Waiting to Prince Albert. The Queen and Prince, with the Duke and Duchess of Brabant, and the Count of Flanders, drove out in the after noon, attended by Viscountess Canning and the Count and Countess Gustave de Lannoy. Colonel the lion. Charles Grey and Lieutenant-Colonel the Hon. R. Boyle were in attendance on horseback. The royal dinner party this day included the King of the Belgians, the Duchess of Brabant, the Duchess of Kent, the Duke of Brabant, the Count of Flanders, the Countess Gus tave de Linsley (the Lady in Waiting to the Duchess of Kent), Baroness. de Sped!, the Duke and Duchess of Wel lington, the Belgian Minister, the Earl of Aberdeen, the Hon. Charles Gore, Sir James Clark, the Count Gustave I de Lannoy, Colonel de bioerkerke, Baron Prime, and Mon. eieur Rieken. The band of the Soots Fusilier Guards was in attendance during dinner. The Queen's private band afterwards at ' tended in the Castle, and played the following pieces : Overture—" Die luttaen Welber von Windsor" Otto Cbceur d'Enremble— Le Pre anz Clercs" Herold. March—" Oocational Oratorio" Handel Trio Bouffe—" Le Propbete" Keyerbeer. Finale—" Zauterliiite" Mozart. Ocr. 23. Her Majesty and Prince Albert, the Prince if Wales, the Princess Royal, and Princess Alice, the King of thellel giant, the Ladies and Gentlemen of the Court, and Gentle men in attendance on his Majesty ; also the Domestic Household attended Divine Service this morning in the Private Chapel of the Castle. The Duchess of Kent was likewise present at the Service. The Hon. and Rev. G. Wellesley officiated. The Duke and Duchess of Brabant, the Count of Flan ders, and the Princess Charlotte of Belgium, with their suite, went to the Catholic Chapel at Clewer. The Earl of Aberdeen left town on Saturday afternoon for Windsor Castle. Despatches were received yesterday at the Colonial-office from the Governors of Victoria, the Gold Coast, the Gambia, and Sierra Leone. Pam* COBNCIL.—To-day the Queen holds a Privy Council at the Castle, at three o'clock, when the period of the further prorogation of parliament will be filed. The Earl of Aberdeen is already at the Castle, as a guest, having arrived on Saturday. Besides his lordship the fol lowing cabinet ministers, who are now in London, are ex pected to attend, via., the Earl of Clarendon, Sir James Graham, and Lord Granville. The Duke of Newcastle, who is staying at his seat, Clumber Park, is expected to travel to Windsor to-day, in order to be present. Lord John Russell is residing at his re s idence in Richmond Park, and should he be sufficiently recovered from a cold, with which he has been recently affected, his lordship is expected to attend the council. A special train has been ordered for the conveyance of the ministerial circle from town to Windsor. Parliament at present stands prorogued to Thursday, the 27th inst. WINDSOR CASTLZ.—The state apartments of Windsor Cutle will be cloud on and after this day, Monday, the 24th of October, until further orders. The Chancellor of the Exchequer and Mr.. Gladstone have returned to town. The Duke and Dachess of Sutherland are receiving a succession of viaiton at Dunrobin Castle. The Marquis and Marchioness of Stafford and the Earl and Countess Constance Grosvenor are amoag their graces guests. The Marquis of Bath has arrived in town. Captain de Bathe, Fusilier Guards, has arrived in town from Windsor. Mr. 11. Greville has returned to town. . _ Lord W~ VanTetlL - 7einrsied to town from Sir John Pollen's, in Hampshire, and has resumed his duties about the Duke of Cambridge. The Marquis and Marchioness of Salisbury arc receiving a few friends at Hatfield house. The Earl of Durham haa arrived in Dover•street from Lambion Cutle, near Durham.