The Express. — London, England, 1851-11-01 00:00:00

ghe OrpreiSO. TO connuroirozirre, • *towel ;;;;.lorewh.MOWYwo he ems wen& •e• Canoe," w p. 4004.44 terry Tender ISI Vnday Mitt, us Woe tar poet. Meetto...••••.otrulod The l'Apew.," Loorloo Venus{ porn, mow le the rrrTke, lu, hosornu-strest, )1/ Two o'clock ea the 147 of • *lam. 111011 WATER AT I,INI ON BRIDGE. Tet• I • —hforaing. 7, 17 a. Afteraesik T.r. , . —Murn.nr,, he. ..... _Afternoon, ns.lern. LONDOX, SATURDAY. .VOI73IBER I. LOLI3 KosslTn has opened a battery against Russia and absolutism, whkh the eh-impious of that power and this principle know not how to meet, or what kind of entrenchments to rube against it. Our absoluti,t4 were evidently prepared fur an outburst of dein , eracy, an onslaught of republicanism. They expected appals to popular pa,,ions or demands of armed intervention, to be attended by the dangers and expenses of war. The Ilungurian orator has em ployed none of these missiles, and had recourse to none of these hackneyed and alarming means of agi tation. lle eomev forwanl u philosopher, to utter the simple complaints of humanity, and plead as a supplie wt , not an a tribune, fur its lights. What Kosscrn comes to ask es not armies.. .„.„ in not subsidies, if/ not the demonstrations a loch provoke. or the vapourings which either end in smoke or in the kindling of war—all he asks for. is a just, an awakened, nn enlightened, and iidorna,l state of public opinion. The great Bun ratinn orator declared his de•ennination nut to mouth upon the internal politics of this country. And, yet, unwittingly, he laid his finger upon one of our most marked peculiarities and de touts. No minister or party could raise or spend one is without the light and force of public opinion hi ing directed ton arils it to prohibit or approve. Yet in their weightier decisions, by which the innovate of England was brought to bear upon the principles and parties which agitated and di vided the trintinent ; for these public opinion in Eng landw.ubhnd,waaignurantoeasa put het ie. Diplomatic agency uit is a mystery, and the speech of a Minis ter of Foreign Affairs, even in full parliament, a mere flinging of dust in people's eyes. Let the public into the meret, smith Kossuill, let public information and public symindhy be thereby excited, and a minis- , 1 ter will Is oes powerful for guiid as he is now almost I powerles,Never were words spoken more full of truth and meaning, or more conducive to the grand purpose or a great and popular league of constitu tionalism and eitiienship, against the absolutism and solilierdoin id the east. ...... When liii,srrit bud thus disposed of the bughcar of war, Ae turned to unmask another of those empty asctres, with which the reacti .... ists frighten timid isenis to the slumbers of tor)istn. This was social ender. ffel. Events have proved that the opinion was right. No traces of Sir Jons's exp ed ition have been found ia any of the other places where time was lost in searching for him; but the first vessel that neared the Wellington Channel discovered one of its winter stations. Ilad the first searching expe dition been sent directly there, as it ought to have been, three long and profitless years would not have been wasted. Nor is this the only instance in which the Admi ralty have shown their lack of judgment. To any representation respecting the quarter in which search ought to be made, which did not square with their preconceived notions, however well supported by argument, they turned a deaf ear. They pooh poohed it ; they did not deign to examine it. But any cock-and-hull story about a balloon bringing a note from Sir Jolts FRANKLIN (even so recently as a few weeks ago) was enough to induce them to send a commission to inquire into it on the spot. It would really seem as if the Admiralty would listen to nothing on the subject that had not absurdity and utter senselessness to rec..mmend it. On the head of the conduct of the officers em ployed to conduct the search, we touch with more reluctance. It is easy, sitting by the fire-side, to criticise the conduct of men hemmed in by colossal masses of ice, swayed backwards and forwards by impetuous, varying, and imperfectly known cur rents. Even here, however, the stern truth must be told. Frankly, then, it does appear that Sir JOHN !tons was more intent upon reaching the magnetic pule he discovered on a former occasion from the north, than upon searching every accessible spot fur Sir JOIIN FRANKLIN and his gallant compan ions. And the sudden return of Captains AUSTIN and PENNY, a full year before they were looked for, certainly culls for sonic better explanation than has yet been tendered. The recriminations of these offi cers are one main subject of investigation now sub mitted to the commission we have alluded to, and we will not anticipate its decision in favour either of the one or the other. We fear, however, that it will be found that personal incompatibilities—the same miserable cause which baffled the first Arctic expedition under Sir JOHN Ross—will be found to have been in play on the late occasion. We write with the map, representing the opera tions of the searching expedition, just published by Mr. Aurtowssferif, before us; and we readily admit that the work done has been executed in a gallant and masterly style, but how, with the pros pects before them, could Captains AUSTIN and PENNY return, when their stores enabled them to remain another year? The map to which we refer, shows that to the west of Wellington Channel, the north shore has been minutely examined as far as the 116th degree of longitude ; on the south shore as far as the 104th, examination has been made in a way that leaves nothing to wish fur; but no traces of Sir JOHN FRANKLIN have been seen in that direction. At Bets:hey Island, however, just within Wellington Channel, the winter quarters of his expedition in lff 15 4; have been found. There can be no mistake. The graves, the erections, the sledge tracks, indented by frequent passages, speak for them ' selves. And there are unmistakeable indica- Many people," said KossfTlf, " when they hear these words social order, get nervous and excited. 'Acre aro many that misuse' these sacred words as a likuphemy. They call order absolutism ; they say that it is social order when humanity is put in prison ; they call social order the silence of the grave." And liossetit then went on to show that the maintionaan• of social order could only be bused on the recognition of popular rights and the establish ment of national freedom. :so tioble and convincing, au logic .1 amidst all their sentiment, and is, full of ennimon sense amidst all their enthusiasm, are these arguments and this langtmg.., that anything like reply is impossible. 'flip most inveterate of the fires of fit's- it and of the supporters of Russia can find nothing to gainsay in them. The nobleness they canuwt yucstion,thetruth hole:mia deny. They, thenfon.. itemise the man of hypocrisy, anti assert, that beiause he is rational and right he cannot be Sillet.ll', and that this mild philosopher, who preaches no principle more warlike than rim-intervention, or mon• extreme than constitutional liberty, must be a Jacobin in disguise., whilst the citizens who welcome him are set down as a band of suns erelsilt s, anxious to disturb the public tranquillity and feast with the nationalists on private property. Mr. Wins: is a It t N nu: with this veratione historian, and eit %IMES 011 I'IN is nothing other than a lti/lIKsPIERILE in a atruight eullur and broad brimmi d hat. Absurdities such as these , which excite a smile, do not Uri II refutation. It is atialit 101 hat KOSSUTICS IlfeSetit t* hill and attitude belie them. Hut in order to stigmatise him. and to make a contrast between his prisosit nibdness, and his past energy, the history of line life is niked up, every event of it misreimisentell, and every net of his distorted. Time because in his country, walled up by Austrian custom houses, he proposed a league for the non-consuniption of the dear and beggarly manufacture% of Austria, while opening its ports to the cheap 'induce of England, as soon as he had power to do w,= for this liossetil is stigmatkied as a protectionist. Another crime is, that to support a war in defence of his country's indepentlenee he employed paper 111101111. Anti, pray, what did Pin', the pilot who weathered the storm? Paper money includes English bank mai s and French aesigoofe. If the latter were worthless it wail owing to the exorbitant quantity on recklessly issued. Hut the Kosserit notes were Limed in such quantities and for such purpose% as to leave them still of fur mum value than the paper of bankrupt Austria. A noire ludicrous charge to lay at Kosserit's dime ia that of his having kill d the constitution of his country. Ile might as well lie amused of shoot ing Lewis II vrityanv or of flogging Mine. MAIO:It*. 114111. The AU:4 rians wreaked their vengeance on the Hungarian ("institution by abrogating it. But the Mad device of SVIIW Iti.t.Nlll.ltl; doing are was nothing more than a continuation of Huse acts and that poi hey of M Errtais shirt first vaned forth the opposition of Hungary and awoke the energies of Vest 'fhe liberator of Hungary does not. however. re gard either the ninstitution or the freedom of his country as definitively buried. Ile considers Aus . tria as tilltd, and its emperor us a mere satellite of the Russian OAK. Kinst• rim d oes no t soy, that be require% succor against Austria. That would be intervention ; and the Hungarian would bra prior cause, if it feared to meet Austria in anus. All lie asks is. that Russia be compelled to leave Aus trial° its natural state of dissolution, of which so ninny 'manifest symptom' appear in the disorder of its finance., the deep discontent of its citizens, the un mitigated and insolent, yet silly tyranny of its buy limpertir, and the mutinous state or its three principal prewllleil% only deterred from insurrection by the pnsenee of armies ahnewit as numerous as the popula t• liberties they crush, and whose means they devour. tions that the thoughts and efforts of the adventurers were all directed to the north, up the Channel. 1 here is a look-nut at Cape Innis further up the gulf; there are tracks of overland sledge expeditions to the north. No reasonable doubt can exist that Sir Juitx FRANKLIN has pawed up Wellington Channel. The channel has been explored in boats and sledges beyond the 'Nth degree of north latitude, and has been found to extend, undiminished in width, beyond the 77th. The American exploring vessel was carried by an indraught as far as the 75th degree. The packed ice which arrested her progress was of inconsiderable breadth, and beyond was open water as far as could be seen. The appeatance of the ice showed that it was permanent , but open in favourable seasons. All has not yet been done that can be done to discover the remnant of the bold ad venturers who may survive, or their remains. Hope to find any one of them alive is, we admit, all but extinct within us. Seven years in these dreary regions is an imprisonment which we can, scarcely expect any man to have survived. De spondency would carry off the crews, and without their men the officers would be very helpless. Still it is nut impossible that one or two may survive. Food, it is clear, these sullen seas afford, and blubber to serve for fuel. The atmosphere is not less endurable than many Esquiniaux can bear in their snow huts. And while there is possibility that one man may yet be rescued, common humanity, the honour of the country, demand that an effort should be made. Nor will the public mind ho satisfied until the actual fate of the missing expe dition is learned. No time should be lost in despatching a strong and swill steamer, as recommended by Captain l'Etisv; and some man of intelligence and indomitable reso lution and ye , — ought to be placed in coin - =ad with Unlimited authority. We have nothing to say against the composition of the commission now sitting at the Admiralty to ' decide on the course to be pursued with reference to I the laurel' after Sir Jon ‘NELIN. We have no I wish to anticipate their decision. But we trust they wi.l bear in mind that the dilatory manner in which that *swell was originally set about, and the way in whiela it has been hitherto prosecuted, haze been the reverie of ratisfactury. Men may say to the Admiralty and to the service, as BRUCE mud to It %N. IX/1.111 at the battle of Bannoekbuni, " Your wreathe ham lost a rose." With regard to those wha sit at the helm of affairs, the search was far too tardy in being set about in earnest. The expedition sent out under Sir Jolts , Ross was inadequate; the more complete one under Captains UNMANLY, AUSTIN, and PENNY, was deci &•dly too late. We do nut /say too late as meaning that all hope was then over, but as having delayed an earnest effort to rescue the missing voyairers longer than was creditable to :hose under whom they sleeve& Them was evinced in this procrastination' en apathy to the fate of brave men sent out by their • country to achieve a hazardous exploit. And tik.ng with apathy there was evinced a sin gular lack of judgment by the heads of affairs. Before the last expedition started, we—and others whose voice had better eaims to attention—again and again urged upon them the prahability, the all but certainty that Sir lone Fwv:vat.tx had gone up Wellington Channel. This opinion was based upon, first, the promising character of that opening ; se (syndic.. the knowledge that Sir Jolts had casually let fall an expression in conversation with Mr. Ax e, IN SMITH only explicable on the assumption that he intended to laza through the Wellington Channel; thirdly, the knowledge that he had positively stated to a friend that he intended to try the Wellington Chan. THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 1, within the Swiss frontier to take advantage of the first outbreak to join the expected rising in France. These instructions are said to have been gent in con sequence of discoveries made in the investigation of the riots d the Cher and Allier. The Patrie adds a feature or two to the biography of the new minister of commerce. Ile is grandson of the Count de Casablanca, a general before the revo tion of 1789, and aftewards senator and peer of France. lie is also nephew of the illustrious Luce i de Casabiaoca, who commanded the admiral's ship the Orient at the battle of Aboukir, and who blew himself up with his son in a conflict with the fleet commanded by Lord Nelson. The Ordre reports that Admiral Prince Menzikoff, the ltussian minister of marine, has arrived in Paris, I on a private mission. Four members of the Mountain, MM. Greppo, Nadaud, Leroux, and Sartin, having visited Moulins together have been, during the whole of their stay, I dogged by a sort of escort of gendarmes, who never let these representatives out of sight. A liberal member of the French parliament is subjected to as close a surveillance by the authorities as a distin guished member of the swell mob in London by Bow street officers. The number of persons now in prison on the charge of having been concerned in the late riots in the de partment of the Cher exceeds one hundred, most of whom will, it is said, be brought before a court martial. The Presidential candidatesbip of M. Ledru- Rollin is beginning to be placed on the order of the day in certain quarters of the Faubourg St. Antoine. For some days past great activity has been displayed on this subject by persons attached to a revolutionary journal. The worsmen do not appear much disposed to exert themselves in favour of any personal ambi tion, but they declare that they are resolved to exer cise their electoral right in 1852. For some time past attempts have been made to seduce from their duty non-commissioned officers and soldiers in some of the regiments in garrison at Lyons, and in other parts of the sixth military division. These attempts have in most CL9e9 failed, but a few soldiers have allowed themselves to be affiliated with secret societies. The military authorities, being apprised of this fact, instituted an investigation, the result of which has been the arrest of a certain nun bor of non-commissioned officers of the 13th regiment of the line, who are to be brought before acoutt martial. - A number of Jesuits have gone into Baden is missionaries, and are preaching three times a day to the people. The y attract large crowds. Mc learn that the loss of the corvette Alcmene is now certain. A recent letter of M. Pharamond, consul of France at Sydney, addressed to the minister of foreign affairs, confirms the sad event. Ile was oc cupied in seeking for our unfortunate countrymen, in order to send them back to France. Ile had, however, not been able to obtain any intelligence respecting M. d'llarcourt, the commander ci the vessel. The metallic reserve of the Bank of France has declined about two millions and a half in Pars, and remains about the same in the branch banks The discount acconimo,'ntion has increased neatly six millions in Paris and about one million iii de pro vinces, the amount of the former being 40,267,159 fr., and of the latter 60,873,167 fr. tin the side of the liabilities the notes in circulation have increased nearly five millions in Paris, and two minims and three quarters in the provinces. The account current of the 'lrensury has declined about three millions, the present amount being 61,912,999 fr. Private accounts current have decreased nearly two millions and a half in Paris, and increased rather more than one million and a half in the provinces—the amount of the for former being 122,035,511 gr., and of the latter 32,217,6081 r. The total amount of the metallic re serve is at present 6101 millions to 5551 millions of notes in circulation. The Bourse was little affected by political rumours. The Fives closed at 00.10, with a rise of .sc. The Threes rose 10c. and closed at 53.70. SPAIN. hk, FRANCE. PARIS, FRIDAY EVENIND. Latterly some doubts were expressed as to whe ther the President would dwell in his message on the necessity of revising the constitution; and M. Veron at least attributed to Louis-Napo!eon the wish to avoid resorting to a constituent assembly for car rying the revision into effect. 'fo-day it is manifest that all Bonapartist organs are working as hard as possible to promote revision. The Bonapartist Committee for the Revision of the Constitution has addressed a circular, signed by the chairman, M. Lavok.e, to its provincial cor respondents, urging them to send up all the petitions possible for the revision; and to communicate reports ibing the effects of the new policy on public opinion. Five of the most influential members of the council-general of the Seine, which is now holding its session, will move, on Tuesday next, a proposition in favour of the revision of the constitution. The conciliatory tone of an article of the Djhats this morning indicates that the most important fraction of the majority is by no means at present in the same intractable temper which dictated the declaration of war to which I called your attention the day before yester day in the same journal. The lA , boes begins by alluding to the support which it gave to the President before the lute crisis, which took every one by surprise. It was then anxious fur the rem. siun of the constitution, one of the first results of which would be the repeal of the 43th article. The new attitude of the President calls for more circum spection, but not for retrogression on this point. The /)'bats cannot be expected to put more con fidence in Louis Napoleon than his own mi nisters, who are said to disagree with him on the abrogation of the law of May 31. !It will not, then, oppose the revision of the constitution, to whose defects may be attributed' the present crisis, which is the eocitre-eortp of the President's ineligibility. The moderate party has not altered its policy on this point it' it has has on! others. One of the points on which it has changed is the different view which it takes of the attitude becoming the Assemble. Compare the doings of the Ppresent Committee of Permanence with those of the ast. Last year the .Assembly made itself unpopular by too much stirring, too much alarm. The country wanted repose, which it was not allowed to enjoy. , This year, if a crisis exists, it has nut been produced by similar means. The Committee of Permanence has received the announcement of a new policy of a new ministry with the utmost calm and patience. Finally the Dawes consents, although with regret, to mo ditleations of the law of May 31. The D'lstes reports that M. Corbin had declined the portfolio of justice. A cabinet council was held yesterday at the Elyske, and presided over by Louis Napoleon. ' 'The omission in Conceal Sr. Arnaud s order of the day of the usual exhortation to respect the law is noticed as ominous. The Senpyhore, of Marseilles, indicates that hos tilities on the point of breaking out between France and Morocco. The French consul at Tan giers had ordered the vice-consul at Rabat to embark all the French in the latter town, as a mitadron was coming to bombard Sale, opposite Rabat, on the other side of the river. The French minister at Berne has received in structions from his government to pre-sent energetic nmonstunces to the Swiss governtneut on the accu . mutation of d.=zu-atic crowaata, who are ready CAPTURE OF A BRITISH BRIG BY MOORS. We have received the Madrid journals of the 25th. 'the Norio); publishes a letter from Melilla, stating that the Moors had taken an English brig, laden with corn, which front stress of weather lout put into the Bay of Ilitoya. The Chtmor tublieo mentions the same fact, and adds that two hours afterwards two English steamers and an English gun brig left Gibraltar, bombarded some points of the coast, burned several small vessels, and inflicted other injuries on the pirates. The same letter adds, that the Moors continued their attacks upon Melilla, the inhabitants of which were enacting dreadfully front scarcity of food, and were living entirely on vegetables and salt fish of bad quality. ITALY. PIEDMONT. The Opininit of Turin gives the following story from Florence :—" Yesterday (23rd alt.,) the Grand Duchess Dowager of Tuscany and the Archduchess Maria Louisa were taking an airing outside the San Frediano gate, when, about a mile from the town, some Austrian soldiers, in a state of drunkenness,' stopped the carriage and hid their Imperial High nesses alight, in order, they said, to make room for one of their comrades, who could no longer stand on his legs. The two august ladies attempted in vain to expostulate with those madmen, who went so far as to threaten them with their bayonets. The Princesses at last stepped out of the carriae, and took refuge in a house hard by, the door 0f which they hastily closed. The soldiers, however, after tearing the cushions of the carriage with their bayo nets, ran after the ladies, and knocked at the door of the house with oaths and threats. Fortunately, the people in the neighbourhood assembled, and put the miscreants to flight, who were soon after arrested by the gendarmes." The Ginella del Pvtolq of Turin announces that the council of ministers there has decided that the late papal brief against Professor Nuytis work on canon law shall be considered as null and void. The vote of the supreme council of public instruction on the subject is to be quashed as illegal. NAPLES. NAPLES, Oct 24. The garrison of Gaeta is to be increased to 30,000. Preparations are in progress to receive the Pope and his cardinals, should the events of France render it necessary fur the king to offer again an asylum to the red legs of the Vatican. We have a little flight of British apostates now in Naples, Oxford gentlemen, round whom the Jesuits dance in delight. The celebrated Father Costa is hard at work with them. It may be out of honour to these converts to Popery that the of journal announces a uew Madonna called the " Lady of the \Val." Some gond people have fished her fro:n blow, and she is to be crowned and set up for ; the worship of the faithful. The same paper an , nuances another " find" for the good people of Pa ; term°. Whilst on church matters I may mention the death of the celebrated Jesuit Don Placido. He was a political tool of the government, and had im ' mense influence over the poorer classes. He pre tended to hold direct communication with the Madonna. Ile used to say, " Don't listen to those wicked people who speak ; about deputies and parliament—they are devils —I have spoken to the Madonna, and the' lessed Virgin tells me we must obey the King." Songs arc sung about the streets in praise of Don Placid°, whom the poet has strangely mixed up with the saints awl the K;ng. This is one of the many examples of the political uses to which religion is dedicated in papal countries. The King has allowed DoT Ple cido to be buried under the high altar of his church. The poor have scrambled for the rag of his dress. I In fact, there is ample material for a future beatiti ! cation, unless the railway and the press, during the next hundred years, should cheat poor Don Placid° out of his saintship. CAMERON'S COALBROOK AND LOCGUOR RA ILWAY.- A petition has been prefente4 to the Master of the Roll. for bringing this company, ine I rplrAted by act of p trlia•naat, nn•ler the operation of the Joint Stock Companies Watl ing-up Act. DEATH OF SIR JAMES WHALLEY SMYTHE GIAR- DtNrs. BART.—We hA‘e to record the demise of this baronet, who died on the 22.1 init., aged 66. The deceased succeeded to the title in 1805. Sir James is succeeded m the title and estates, which latter are situate in liamp,hire, by isie son, John Brocri, bag is EGYPT. • Flom the annexed extract of a private letter from Alexandria, dated the 18th instant, it would appear that a satisfactory settlement of the differ ences between the Porte and the I'acha is not consi dered so much a matter of certainty as the public have been led to believe by what has recently trans pired in this country : 1 The staff of Railway Engineers arrived by the In dus, and wmain here fur the present doing nothing. The i persevering obstinacy of Constantinople , it is believed , I will oblige the Pacha to succumb to the necessity of switeading any further progress until permission from the Sultan has been obtained, and there arc parties who chink the conditions of this permission will be so severe as to render it all hut impracticable fur the l'acha to anomplish the work within a reasouable tim e. The ' conditions to which I more particularly allude, arc, that ao foreign pecuniary assistance shall be received—that no ratioy shall be permitted beyond what can be legiti , ma..eiy spared from the income of the country after dis bursement of tribute and governmental claims—that no compulsory labour be employed, and a string of other hard requirement+. I fear, it the Pacha :reelect no more gene ' rous support from England than past appearances indicate, he wit become disgusted and discouraged, and indifferent about a railway. You are aware of the character of these people, and that, whether they travel forty miles an hour, Or hid: wmile au hour, they care but little. As regard; the other question about our Viceroy and the Porte, I fancy the measure sought to be introduced, if not staved off fur the present, will be so inoilifit.d in character, nr to be compara tively innoxious. The Vizier seems bent on conquering the Paeht, awl, on whatever point he succeeds, I fancy it mat ters rut. Certain it is, if the Tanzimat is put in opera tion ken, the country will soon be too hot for us Euro peans. TURKEY AND THE ZOLLVEREDI. The treaty of commeree between the Zollverein States and the Ottoman Porte, of Oct. 1840, with reference to the renewal of its 10th Article, is as follows: 13 the year 12.50, a tariff was fixed for the merchants of the kingdom of Prussia and the Zollverein States fur seven Tears, for all goods which these parties might import into urkey. Ilut, as this tariff has expired, and the Porte con siders itself bound to renew it in accordance with the present treaty of commerce, so, on the one side, by the Sublime Port..., and on the other by the Prussian govern ment, the following tariff has been agreed upon. [Then follow 210 articles iu German, French and Turkish.] The conclusion is as follows wares imported or exported shall pay a duty amounting to 10 per cent. according to value, for export, and 20 per cent. value for import. Winn the value of these wares is not fixed, the first till 'ale, when value is ascertained shall pay 9 per cent. Amedizili, and 3 per cent. Iteltizelt. When the merchants and the Custom house officers, cannot agree as to the value of new articles, the duty, according to the old usage, is to be paid in natrini. The treaty is to come into operation, and to be valid till the 13th March, 18.13, and is to extend over the whole Ottoman monarchy. But, no in the course of time, prices may alter, both the contracting parties may demand a revi sion of the tariff, giving six mouths' notice. Signed, A. POCRTALES. NIVIIAMED F.tto. VENEZUELA. By an arrival at Philadephia we have dates from Laduayra to the Ist. inst. The political affairs of Venezuela presented no new features of interest. Business remained dull, and was likely to continue without animation or improvement until the new crop came in, which would be in three or four weeks. The weather was very favourable, and the yield would exceed an average crop. The commission ap pointed by the English fmndholders have accepted the arrangements offered by the Venezuelan govern ment. The stocks of native produce were nearly ex hausted, and the little coffee that remained com manded very high prices. India was held at 71 reals, and hides ti a 9.4. LATEST FOREIGN EXCHANGES. PARI' BOURSE. rmu+, itkr. 31. ;orator Yoe Arent. 'llterbe4.l LOONS. 1551. 3 irr Cents. ....... 56 7.$ 3 per tent, NI6 3pt r Unto— New Lanni ... ~er .... 4i per(. . ....... .11 . • 23 - ; Ezell-Inge on 1411130.1. 111.1tnt, • 14 40 li /0 60 46_ ---1. 46 70 1 11 iSS / 'I IS 44 Ile NlO BAgian, ".. 1994 D P —u. 5, in : ... .....m.,n bun, 1851 I 741 -. Do. 4% ... Dn. 24 .. . _ ... 1 Treaour liontl4 rull.n.t a P.II. . 75 ... ' lianl .141 . ~real . ••• ... Pants, Otrr. 31.—Verrailles (rigbt bank), —; ditto Wok?. 203 25; 14114 and 0,556566, 655; Pan. an! Ituen, 557 50; K. 51.6. anti Havre, 20175: Maratilloo and Asianom,—; Straaboarg and Ic e,—; Crime, 411 1b; Boulogne and Altaeo:6, —; N 6 ' 16,11 . 157 :,;): I'wl• 66‘; ar.'.• , e ,ra, 30 75; Tvuto and Nnut,a, .!.11 ; Moak real an•l Troye 91 25. (By Electric Telegraph.) ANTWERP, (kr. 31.—Five per Cent. Metallignes, 744; ditto Ardoins, 131. Three per Cent. Interior, 31'. Russian Four-and-a-INV per Cents., —. Ex change on London, 23.2 x. . . Ilites•;l•3.4, Ocr. :H.—Belgian Five per Cents 98 • ditto Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 89 1 • ditto Two- andallalf per Ceani., X 19.. lizellauice on London, 2:).25. AMSTERDAM, OCT. 30.—Five per Cent. Metal -701. Two-and-a-Half per Cent. Belgians, —. Five per Cont. Ardoins, 131. Three per Cents., Interior, 31 9-16. Russian Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 991. Two-and-a-Half pm Cent. Integrals, 561. Exchange on London, 11.871. VIENNA, OCT. 31.—Five per Cents., NlMalliques, 92; Exchange on London, 12.21 ; on Paris, 1461. lIAMBIRG, OCT. 31. —Three per Cents. Inte rior, 321. Russian Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 963. Exchange on Loudon, three months, 13.6; at sight, 13.7 FRANKFORT, OCT. 31.—Five per Cent. Metalliques, 72. Three per Cent. Interior, 34. Exchange on London, 1 1'9; ;on Vienna, 9.i 1. BERLIN, Oct. 31.—Voluntary Loan, 1021; Na tional Debt, BSI ; Four-and-a-Half per Cents., Russia, 101. FRENCII SVGAR.—TIic Constitutionnel has the fol lowing on the trade in indigenous sugar :—" The manufac ture of beet-root sugar commenced a new campaign in the course of the month of September. The Moniteur makes known the tint results of it. It becomes more interesting to study the figures relative to our native manufactory, from the fact that the law on sugars, voted in July last, profoundly modified its economic conditions, either by according favourable treatment to colonial sugars, or by diminishing the surtax established on foreign sugar,. If we are to rely on the first results pub lished by the official journal, the production it menaced with a conniderable reduction. We see in fact that, coin pared to the month of September last year, the number of manufactures in activity descended from 10 to 33; that the ! number of inactive manufactories, but having sugar on I hand. has increased from 264 to 278; that finally the ' go:notifies manufactured have fallen from 398,000 kilo grammes to 81,000. But let in hasten to say that this difference is the first month of the campaign is especially to be ascribed to atmospheric circumstances, which, by delaying the beet root harvest have delayed the com mencement of the fabrication. We must wait until Blimp; be further advanced to form a serious opinion on the results of the campaign. An the new law on sugars was only passed after the sowings of beet-root, it has not yet produced its full influence on native production. But it is known that the ph set hen greatly 'offered, and a deficit in the crop is pointed out. What especinaly deserves to be placed in relief in the official tables is the diminution of the quantities consumed. These quantities, which last year amounted to 1,370,000 kilogrammes, have thin year only been 938,000 kilogrammes, which corresponds to a reduction of 432,000 kilograinnoN. It is to be noted that this diminution in the consumption has taken place, notwithstanding the stock in hand was more con siderable, being 4,189,000 kilogrammes instead of 4;41,000 kilogram:n:B. The quantity remaining in the manufactories, at the end of the month of September, increased by 820,000 kilogramme., and amount to 4,770,000 kilogrammes. la' presence of this diminution of c ninutuption of native sugars it is importint to pl ice the increase in colonial sugars. Customs returns show that the quantity of colonial sugars, ou which duty was paid, wee 03,000 metrical quintals, although in the corresponding month of last year it was only 143,00 d . Thus, as the reader sees, the new law on sugan I begins to begins to bear its fruit." CHURCH EXTENSION AT CARNARVON.—Tho pee ltent church accommodation at Carnarvon proving very in adequate to the growing wants of the inhabitants and vi alters, a meeting of the townspeople has been held to con sider the propriety of building a new church, The vicar of the parish presided, and in his address stated that the po pulation of the town had quintupled in the course of a century, whilst church accommodation had not at all pro gressed, and that many families required pews who could not be accommodated. Schools which cost 0,0001. had been completed and paid fur, and they were equally capable of providing church accommodation. 'the English language was spreading in the town ; the young people were sent to English schools, and in course of time they would desire to worship in English, and it was a duty to satisfy their reli gious wants. A number of resolutions were proposed and second, d by the leading inhabitants, affirming the objects of the meeting. It was agreed to petition to T. Assheton Smith, E-1., for tho donation of a proper site for the in tended erection. Mu. IVILLIAM WYON, R.A., for many years chief engraver at the Royal Mint, expired on the 29th ult., at Br:glue% attar a Wog Wass. UNITED STATES. A summary of the following appeared in yester days Erpres The Humboldt arrived yesterday off Cowes, on her way to Havre. She left New York on the 18th inst. Her cargo consists chiefly of cotton. She brought specie value 273,000 dots., mostly in American gold. She brings 70 passengers for litivre. The Washington left New York the same day as the Humboldt. The America arrived at New York on the 17th. By the steamer Illinois, Capt. Hartsein, from Chegres, which reached her dock on the 18th, there was two weeks later intelligence from California and Oregon. The steamer Constitution arrived at Panama on the 23d, from San Francisco, with 127 passengers and 100,000 dolls. in freight. The Illinois made the passage out in 8 days 3 hours.—The Brother Jona than on next day la 9 days 6 hours. On the return passage the Illinois made the passage to Kingston from Chagres in 47 hours; from Kingston to New I York in 3 days 17 hours, making the total passage home, via }Lupton, in 7 days 16 hours, running time, being much the quickest passage on record. She brought 371 passengers and 1,83.,334 dolls. in dust, on manifest, and in the hands of passengers ; also the I Californian mails of the lath ultimo. The Brother Jonathan left Chives with very few passengers, for San Juan, on the evening of the 9th. Senator IGuynn came passenger in the Illinois: The connection of the Panama Railroad to Gatun was to take place on Friday, Oct. 10th, or Saturday, 1 11th, as at the time of the sailing of the Illinois there remained only 400 feet to be filled in, and they were making that distance daily. The engineers confidently expect to have the rock laid, and run the I locomotive through to Gatun on Saturday, the 12th inst. The absence of the usual amount of rain has enabled them to puslt the road through with dispatch. A ninthly occurred on board the schooner Sharon on the 12t1t, when at Acapulco. She was ordered by the United States consul to lie under the guns of the Vundalia, and the mutineers were arrested. The great specie train of the Pacific Mail Steam ship Company had been robbed, after leaving Pa nama, seven miles on the way. The news flew like electricity through Panama, and merchants, officers, and soldiers forthwith started in hot pursuit. After riding seven miles Captain Garrison and his friends came up with the train, and found it in the wildest confusion. 'three of the guards had been shot by the robbers, and were lying on the road side ; two were found dying, shot in the breast, and the other badly wounded. The robbers had made off with one box of gold dust, but, delayed by the heavy box, the pur suers soon overhauled them, when they aban doned the box and fled. Two of the robbers were captured. Thomas Summers, from New York city, was one of them. A rope was put about his neck, and Lynch-law was making the last of hint, when he begged for his life, and promised to tell all if they would not hang him, when he did tell the whole story, and all the persons en gaged with him. Another party of the pursuers overtook Charles Cromwell, an intelligent coloured gentleman front New York City. lie, too, begged hard for his life, and they spared him after he made full confessions, but not until lie had been half hung some ten minutes. Two other persons captured were Dr. Berry, of New Orleans, and Laban Manning, of Illinois. There were also in prison, Dr. Burt, or Burk, one Mirerand, and one Regnant. The robbers had been informed, and believed, that the specie train had in it two millions of dollars. One of the guard shot died in a short time. Thirty-six buck shot, it is said, were taken front his body. A disease has made its appearance among the Chi nese population of San Francisco, having many of in stances,' resulting symptoms of the cholera, and, in some resuliing fatally. The physicians report a great in crease of the number of sick, chiefly of the dysentery, the prevailing malady of this season of the year. There is bad news from the whaling fleet. The New York Express says: The following vessels aro reported as being totally lost this season :—Ajax, of Havre; Aramatta, of New London ; Henry Thompson, of New Leaden; Arabella, of New lied ford; New Bedford, of New Bedford; America, of New Bedford; Cosmopolite, of France; and Mary Mitchell, of San Francisco. It appears that the whole whaling fleet had wintered in the Gulf of Anadir, in the northern port of the Sea of Kamschatka, in Russia in Asia, and on the coining on of the spring had set sail for Behring's Straits ; but in ansinpting to pass through into the Arctic Ocean, the Iteet was environed by ice, and the stone-named vessels were totally wrecked. The crews of the destroyed vessels are reported to have reached the main land in safety ; but it is said that in sonic disturbances afterwards with the natives, eleven of the whalemen lust their lives. The John Wells is stated to have borne evidence of the severe navigation she had encountered. Iler spars were nearly all gone, her hull more or less damaged, and she had scarcely a sheet or copper upon her. [The John Wells was the first whaler ever sent from Newark.] It was sup posed that some sixty more vessels had shared the fate of those mentioned above; and it was quite impassible to tell how many more would be likely to be lost in their attempts to escape from the ice. The general result of this season's whale fishing is set down as a total failure. The following vessels have done nothing: Ship John Wells, clean this season; ship Neptune, New London, clean this season, 1 Aug. I ; ship Magnolia, New Bedford, clean this season, Aug. 1; ship A. H. Howland, New Bedford, clean this season, Aug. 1; ship Vineganl, Martha's V., 50 sperm, clean his season. The whole fleet is believed to have done little if any better. It is thought that the whole fleet (some 600 sail, we believe) arc now wending their way, as rapidly as possible, to the north-west coast, the the purpose of re fitting and endeavouring to retrieve their ill fortunes. Our correspondent writes : NEW YORK, Ocr. IS, Since my last, several items of interesting news have conic to hand, which I communicate by the Humboldt. Several state elections have occurred with marked results. Pennsylvania has elected a democratic governor by a majority of 20,000 votes over the whig candidate, who had . the advantage of being in office and having all the patronage of office on his side. Ile owes Ins defeat to his being an abolitionist, and opposed to the Fugitive Slave Bill. Ohio has also declared for the democrats, though it must be understood that the "free soilers" as they are called, have for the time divided themselves pretty equally between the two great parties of that state. In South Caro lina, on a local issue of whether the delegates to the state convention should be immediate secessionists, or secessionists only in case the other southern states made common cause with them, the latter party has triumphed by a majority of three-fourths of the po pular vote. Some time ago, I wrote you that this Form of the controversy was adroitly adopted to gain time on the part of the unionists. It was, how ever, of so reasonable a character that it could not but prevail. As I close this despatch, I fird there is noihing new by this day's mails, except that a woman's con vention is in session at Worcester, Massachusetts, at .„, which the most denunciatory speeches against the male sex arc indulged in by the leading members. [Par Coramereal Inteltisroce ice teat page.] IRISH SOCIETY OF LONDON.—Last evening the annual meeting of the Fitzroy Chapel Association in con 'within with this society took place at Lawson's WWII" : Gower.street, Bedford-square. The Rev. J. E. White, ' clericui secretary (lithe Irish Society aad minister of Fitz roy Chapel, in the chair. There were no resolutions pro- posed on the oeca.sion, but the chairman and several other ' members of the protestant church addressed the meeting in furtherance of the objects of the Irish Society. It appeared that the society now employed 27 clerical missiersarles, 3 lay srents, lo schoolmasters for concerts' children, 176 scripture readers, and 612 teachers, whilst the number of pupils under instruction amounted to 31,362. The receipts for the year exceeded those of the entire of the previous year by 961. Ids. Oil., the tot 11 amount bein.t 73531. Gs. 7d. It was further stated that the sum of 4,14.5:i1. fn. 2d. had been collected by the Irish Society in Dublin. and 1,8031. do. by the Ladies Auxiliary Society, making a total of 13,8111. 16s. Oil. re ceived by the Irish Society during the past year. The chairman, in the course of his °hugs ations at the commence ment of the proceedings, expressed the delight he felt at seeing so large a number of persons present in support of the principles of this association ; for there never was a time, lie said, when it was more necessary for the protest ants of the empire to be up and doing, in order to oppose the insidious efforts which were now spreading in favour of popery, under the influence of the apostate church of Rome. Amongst those who addressed the assembly were the Rev. Mr. Norman and the Rev. Mr. Moriarty, and both those gentlemen entered into statistical details to prove that the society had been the means of conferring very great benefits upon their poorer brethren in Ireland, . as was testified by the fact , that there were now in that country 20,000 converts from Itomanism. CITY IMPROVEMENTS.—Yesterday the City Im provement Commissioners gave the occupiers of the houses in St. Thomas Apostle, llow-lane, Great and Little Distaff lane, and the other thoroughfares lying betweeu Queen street, Cheapside, and the south side of St. Paul's Churchyard, notice that their dwellings would be re quired to come down forthwith, in order to complete the new street from London-bridge to St. Paul's Church- vbe Court. WINDSOR, OCT. 31. Lord and Lady Bloomfield had tho honour of dining with her Majesty and Prince Albert yesterday, The Queen's private band was in attendanes after diamz in the Castle, and performed the following Deletion : ovss tare, “NachtlArrr v A I:ran,nla .. Introduction, " I.e {'ropla?te" Adagio. tre , Polon vin' OVenlll9 " L'Enfant Pro nprur" ,toolaor Andante, Mlnu e nn, Trig Sinfdn sNo I. Itetthosen The Queen and Prince Albert walked iu the Houle l'ark and the Slopes this morning. Tho Prince of Wake and Prince Alfred, attended by the Rev. Mr. Birch, went out in an open carriage. Prince Arthur and the Princesses Ifelena and Louisa were also taken out in au open carriage. Ifer Majesty and Prince Albert went out on horseback to-day, atten.:ed by the Hon. Miss Seymour, Colonel Buck ley, and Col. F. 11. Seymour. Mr. Thornely, M.P., had an interview with the Chan cellor of the !.:chequer yesterday at hie official resideuce in Downing-street. Despatches were received yesterday at the Colonial-oflieo nem the Lord High Commissioner of the lonian Island.. Despatches were sent off yesterday from the Colunial-office to the Governors of the North American Provinces. The Lord Chief Justice of England arrived at Strathe den House yesterday evening trom a tour in Italy. THE ROYAL VISIT TO NIANCIIESTEIL—IIer Majesty has been pleased to signify her acceptance of the three chairs of state used on the occasion of the late royal visit to Manchester, the presentation of which has been subse quently offered by the mayor. (From Iva night's WINDSOR CASTLE, Ocr. 29.—Ifis Royal High ness Prince Albert has been pleased to appoint Lyon Play fair, Esq., C. 8., F.R.S., Doctor of Philosophy, &e., to be Gentleman tither to his Royal Ilighnato, vice I.ieut.-Col. Sir William Reid, K.C.8., 1t.E.,y.u.5., &c., re.igned. ; Elie Hight Ilon. Fox Malik, her Majesty's Secretary at War, has appointed Benjamin Hawes, Esq., to be his Deputy. THE GREAT EXHIBITION. Sir William Reid, the chairman of the Executive Committer, paid his last visit to the Crystal Palace yester day, previous to the assumption of his new duties as Gover nor of Malta, for which destination he starts this day. It will be recollected that Sir William Reid wax nut the first chairman of the Executive Committee, he having succeeded Sir It. Stephenson, who found the duties connected with it to he incompatible with his other engagements. When Sir William Reid entered upon his anluous and responsible functions as chairman, it was a work of no ordinary labour to reduce to anything like regularity the chaotic mass of perplexed details with which the committee had to deal. It was at first proposed and intended that the articles of the various exhibitors should be classed acconling to their kind and cour.fry. This was au ilea which would naturally suggest itself to the mind, and there can be no doubt it would have beta highly I aluable as a convenient and suggestive means of comparison. But, besides other weighty objections to the carrying out of such a plan, it was at once seen that it would have completely destroyed the brilliant variety which the interior of the Crystal Palace presented under the different arrangement which was carried out, and which we believe was first segg,sted by Sir W. Reid. It struck him that, as the Crystal l'alaco was to be a receptacle for the products of the globe, an ideal geographical. distribution would appropriately assign to each country its fitting place, and would remove all jea lousy as to best :tad worst positions. For this purpose, the transept wax to be considered an equatorial line, and thence, in succession, the different countries were to be assigned their spaces in accordance wit!, their actual proximity to it ou the earth's surface. This idea once fixed upon, every thing thenceforwanl went on with order and regularity, and every one of 5010,000 spectators will bear testimony tnat the result was must successful. Sir W. Reid was sur rounded, on this occasion of his last visit, by several of his fellow-labourers, of whom he took a warm partiug, bat who still accompany him with wishes for his future wel fare, and will long remember hint for his kind and un affected demeanour. Several of the inure costly articles have been conveyed away iu the course of yesterday. The machinery room is fast emptying; whole departments arc completely vacant, and elsewhere the greatest activity prevails in packing up. Prince Albert has addressed an autograph letter to the Marquis of Anglesey, Master-General of the Ordnance, acknowledging in the handsomest terms the services of the Engineer corps employed at the Crystal Palace. The Sip. pees are to have the money voted to them by the ltoya! Commission in the shape of presents. They are also, it is understood, to receive service medals, and the police are to be similarly decorated. THE NEW LAW OF EVIDENCE ACT. To-day (Saturday), November 1, the new Law of Evidence Act comes into force. In all courts in the United Kingdom with the exception of Seidl and plaintiffs and defendants are now emnpstent and compellable wit nesses. In the ensuing term the principle will be carried out, and the operation of the act anxiously watched. The words of the statate are very comprehensive : " On the trial of any issue joined or of any matter or question or on any inquiry arising in any suit, action, or other proceeding in any court ofjustice, or before any person having by law or by consent of parties thereto, and the person in whose behalf any such suit, action, or other proceedings may be brought or defended, shall, except as hereinafter excepted, be competent and compellable to give evidence, either rica yore or by deposition, according to the practice of the court, on behalf of either or any of the parties to the said suit, action, or other proceedings." The exception is in crimi nal cases and to proceedings instituted in consequence of adultery and to any action for breach of promise of mar silage. In all other actions—assault, slander, etc.—the parties can be examined, as well as in matters relating to bill discounting. The act extends the admission of docu mentary evidence. More than ordinary interest will ho attached to the trials in the superior courts in next term, commencing on Monday. PREI'AY ALL YOUR LETTERS. All letters for the United Kingdom posted from this day, must be prepaid by stamps or sent unpaid. It will be necersary• for the public to bear in mind, therefore, that if a letter does not weigh more than half an wince, a penny stamp prepays the postage. If it weighs above half an ounce, and dues not exceed an ounce, the postage is twopence ; above an ounce, and not exceeding two ounces, fourpence ; and so on; twopence, or two rates, being added for every additional ounce or fraction of an ounce. There 13 no limit to the weight of paid letters; unpaid letters above four ounces, however, are not forwarded through the post. No letter for the United Kingdom must measure more than twenty-four inches any way. l'enny, twopenny, teopenny, and one shilling stamps can be purchased at all post-offices. DEnnt - eTtox or AGRICULTURAL PROGUct; BY Ocr. 31.—One of the most destructive conflagrations of agricultural produce that ever occurred in South Nottinghamshire has this day occupied the attention of the Bingham bench of magistrates, there being every reason to believe that it has been occasioned by an incendiary, and, under that impression, a large reward is about to he efferent for any one, not the actual delinquent, who will give such information os shall lend to his discovery The particulars of this calamity arc as follows:—Peter Kirkham states that he has charge of and resides upon a farm of three hundred acres, in the perish of Rat tho property of Earl Manvers, and in the occupation of Mr. Thomas Butler. Ile retired to rest last evening at r.ine o'clock, and his wife followed him in about three-quarters of an hour. At about ten o'clock he awoke, thinking there was a light in the room, and exclaimed, " Mr.., you have nut put out the candle." She replied that she was sure she had, when lac jumped out of bed and said, "The curtains must be on fire, then." Upon examination, however, be soon discovered that the unusual light proceeded from the stack-yard, which closely adjoined the house, and that the stacks were on fire, which had attained so firm a hold as to threaten the total destruc tion of the house and farm-buildings. Having hastily dressed himself, he galloped off to Ratcliffe a distance of a mile and a half, where his employer, Mr.i Butler, and others, hail already been alarmed, and were about setting out to the scene of the conflagration. A man on a swift horse was sent off to Nottingham fur the fire brigade, which is distant about six miles. Mr. Butler's farm is about half way between Ratcliffe and Bingham, on the right hand side of the read hurling from Ratcliffe, being about a mile and u half from either place. Nothing could be done with any effect until the engines arrived, at five minutes past 12. The stacks destroyed were 9 in number, sof wheat, each the produce of 61 acres; 3 of barley, severally the produce of 13, 11, and 5 acres, and lof clover, the growth of 14 acres. The wily other thing of value burnt was a drilling machine, left standing in thu stack-yard on the evening of the fire, the property of Mr. WilliamWilliamParr, of Ratcliffe., which had been hired for use on the farm. Mr. Butler was insured to the extent of 7901. in ' the Royal Farmers' Office, but this, it is said, will not cover anything like the whole of the loss. Centous ACCIDENT.—On Friday evening last, an enterprising grocer, of this city, in order to outdo his compe titors, dressed his window in all the attractions which a large and well assorted stuck is capable of imparting. Un fortunately, however, in an excess of taste, he had over looked the force of gravitation ; and when the shutters were removed on Saturday morning, the whole array shot . through the window with a terrific smash, carrying part of the wlndew-frame with it.—Batle Chronick.