The Express. — London, England, 1851-10-22 00:00:00

NSW NOVEL. Nom reedy at all tbe Ltbresies, Ib II vole., FLORE.NCE SACKVILLE; o, S e lf-Dependence. By Mrs. Bran T. [Abaco: Sialtb, Wet, iad Co., 6S, Cavell& Zit Efrortfso. TO CORRESPONDENTS. A :wood &lidos Lima," ceaudatne the sem *Yeah'''. h t rete," a pabthlwA terry Tomalley sad frolay stew, time lar dve.• ..rneywintes hd tor . The Ezprea",.Loaloa Eres:ag p.per, rot •• • he At Ow ' , Rice, in, Pes'ertestreti, hp Two o'Ch:tch ea the WWI WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tim DAT —Morning, 1211. O. Alteration, 12is . TI-w,imovr —Aunung. 12, 325. AfitfllC4ll. 12 AL S, e. LONDON, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 22. WITII all deference to theablewriterof acommuni cation, published in our yesterday's paper, it is too much to expect of Louts NeetebLost that he should be a WASHINGTON. lam royalist," said the liberal imam 11., "it is my profession." So may say Lore; Naroteost. lie was ban a Prince, and cannot inept the ideas and traditions of his family, even if he had no friends and no party to remind him of them. And, undoubtedly, what recommended him to the French electors, whether of the millions, or the hundreds, was the name that he inherited, and the power that might be made out of it. The upper classes ence tole% MARTINI., because the latter would not turn tn-achc mushy upon Ltatut•-ltot tie, and to Csvatee Nac, because that general refused to bind himself to a policy of reaction. They chose Louts NAPOLEON as the hest man to put down socialism and the republic. The masses, on the other hand, gate L o ris N %mese.; their voicem, because their hustinet told them, that he could not agree with the men of the recent dynasties, whose principle had ever been that of conliscsting popular liberties. In this selection of the same candidate by opposite parties, there was but one thing upon which both fully agreed, which was, that the princely character and name of the new President formed a genuine and active source of power. All the parties, therefore, who chase Loris NA rot.' ~s, were untrue to the great principles of re publicanism. The first law of the genuine republic should have been an equal measure of exile dealt upon the three royal races, and their ineligibility even to seats in the legislature. Had the American barks' chosen for their president any younger brother of Ornitt.r. 111., who might have shown him *elf favourable in parliament to the American cause, who could have believed in their sincere republi canism? Thu present miserable state of France proceeds from the re being no principle in the country, and fmin no one's acting even upon the princi ple he profess. There are legitimists and champions of divine right, who despairing of forcing HENRY V upon the country, give their votes to Louts N yoretest one election, and his per sonal foe VII ter, MOM the next ; the Orleanists, or constitutional monarehiste, am they call themselves, have lace running about like a elapnum in a market, offering their intim nee for sale. As the legitimists wont to arrive at the restoration of HENRY V. through a general disturbance, the Orleanists ark to arrive at Heaven knows what, but certainly not a republic., by the election of the Prince be Jot N VILLE. Then there are tiocialiets, who would do all in their power to establish the preslominatice of their idea, which would he impassible witheut a dictatorship; and they would very readily igo that auti•republieten length. Now.. how was it to be expected that Louts NA. PoLION, chosen president precisely Imam* he wax a prince, should be a sincere repuhlican in a country where neither the upper nor lower classes are true republicans, and where the middle classes are pro foundly indifferent and unsettled. How can there be principle in a country, in which almost every public• man says one thing one day, and another thing the. next ; and where the most honest politi cal elearacters have been turbulent under the monarchy till they meet it and conspi nth" under the republic. Nor is tergiversa tion maim. Ito the great division of monarchy and republic. M. Tens:its wrote smile of the volumes of his able history in a style adoring Nattoteoe ; he has written the last to vilipend Neeoteos and to fling dirt mien the. Empire. Is M. Manor a mon archist, who opal Lewis Pitimere ? Is he republi can, that sanetioned the l'orr'y restoration by bayonets? Ideas lose their distinction and words their value in such a political hotchpotch. Philoso phy is inapplicable to ; and the precedents of other personages and other times suit, none of them, the present state of I:ranee and of the French. The fuult that we have fecund with LovisN teOLEON, is not that ho strives to be re-elected and to per petuate his power, but that he has been fool enough to imagine that he could accomplish such an end by means of the legitinusta and re actionaries of all kinds. During the three years which have elapsed, France had a solemn duty, to establish its own liberties, independently of any form of government, and to lend its support to the party at least of progress in Europe. France under Lot is N erm.t.os has done neither of these thing*. The greatest contempt has been shown fur individual liberty, and the foreign policy of France is Shown at present by the close affiance and identity of the Austrian anti French police. Tlw progress of Frame at home, and its salutary 1 1 influents: übructd, are in our opinion of fur more int- portanee than the question of monarchy and repub lic. 'the' one, as we see. may be as tyrannical and retrograde as the other. With respect to the chances of duration and the probable solidity of each eystent of government, we should sty, that a restored mo narchy under a Routine's,. or a red republic under CARNOT, would have either of them small chance of lasting "tutees& Both would have to contend with a minority too formidable to be kept down by anything but tyranny, which might either be popular or military, equally bad both of them, and equally insecure. 'Nothing but a compro mise is possible ; and the best compromise is, perhaps that of Leet•is N tr4)LEON confiding in, and supported by. constitutional republicunism. • It is said that NAPOLEON has come round to to this conviction; unfortunately he has lost precious years in beating round the po litical centimes; he has, with a fatuity that might be tolled itifantine, were it not critnineti, shun dotted power without an effort into the hands of the reset' ts. Hy this he sought to conciliate them, when in truth he did but earn their contempt. lie now fairly reaps what he has sown. Audio his embarrass ment he may very probably be able to do nothing more than fall into Hie hands that have made use of him for very retrograde purposes. and who no homer con ceal their determination to discard and crush him. Should Lorry NAPOLEON, however, succeed in attaching to his ministry and rallying round his cause, thorough liberals tike BILIAU LT ; should he speak in plain and sincere. language to the people of France, late as this comes it may make an im ply...dun; it may re-kindle hopes in the guidance of him who inherits the name., and the convictions, and the teudencies of the great Neitoteose. Measures in consonance with such declarations such as the repeal of odious elective resstrictiems, the cessation of persecutions of the press, and a new respect for the lib ertiesof Frenchmen impressed upon police and law authorities—theee may redeem the character of the PRESIIWENT. It will never, indeed, give him the confidence and support of the Boefttiox par ties, but three-fourths of the people arc opposed to these. and Lot's NAPOLEON may perhaps captivate their suffrages.ated legally obtain the reversal of that prospective attainder 'A hieh forbids his appealing to them. All this may be; but we must admit that, even ia sketching such a picture, we have but small hopes of string it realised. THE ccmstitution of California appears to be a modification of that which has been adopted b}• the other states of the .►merican Union--a " seedling variety" ay horticulturists describe a new species of tree or shrub. In all the rest of the states the people, after appointing governors or other extvutivc officers, have respected and obeyed the wurk of their own Lands ; in California they treat them u cavalierly as they could kings or princes claiming to rule over them by right divine. To the west of the Rocky Mountains lynch law has been established or tole rated in districts where society was not yet legally organised ; in California it is allowed to survive the legal organisation of the community, and to hold, as MILTON said Satan aspired to do, equal power " or more " with the legitimate authorities. Governor M•Doen.eit may indeed say with Mac beth, that the state has placed "a barren sceptre" In his grasp. The sovereign people have conferred upon him the nominal distinction of governor, but they uphold a rival power, the Vigilance Com mittee, in the exercise of real power. Almost simul taneously at San Francisco and at Sacramento, the governor in name has beCn made to feel that he stands alone and impotent. He may issue commands, but no man heeds him. At San Francisco his offi cers incarcerate two culprits; the Vigilance Com. mittec, with the sympathy and applause of the uni versal population of the city, tear them from the gaol, and execute them without trial by a summary and extempore process. At Sacramento he re prieves a condemned criminal ; the very guards enrolled to support the executive, carry the respited wretch to the place of execution and deliver him to the hangman. And the felon, just before he is turned off, addresses a long s hto the assembled multitude, in which he c r aces almost every holder of office and prominent member of society with complicity in the crimes of himself and his associates. In Europe such shocking irregularities are not un precedented. In the first French revolution the reign of terror was initiated by the Parisian munici pality's usurpation of the functions attributed by a parchment constitution to higher functionaries. Other European communities in a state of revolu tion—or more properly of insurrection—have dis played a similar impaticcee and inability to submit to the constitution they had themselves voted and the magistrates they had them selves elected. And such proceedings have always been attributed to the incapacity of a people trained up under despots to assume at once the character of freemen, have uniformly led to anarchy, and through anarchy to re-established despotism. But the well foundell boast of the older states of the American Union has been that in throwing off old rulers, they continued to act by laws, and to respect and obey their self-imposed institutions and magistrates. On the head-waters of the Mississippi and on the prairies, even lynch law was in most cases a regular and orderly system IA government in all but name—an impro vised interim constitution. In California it is a per manent organised insurrection against the law and legal government. the change is of bad augury, and the more so that it is coincident with other changes in the popular creed of at least no inconsiderable portion of American citizens. The men of Faneuil Hall, when they entrenched Boston against the Bri tish troops, arrayed themselves under the ban ner of law as opposed to despotic self will. The FIiANKLINS and JEFIEFS4oNS of that day denounced the practice of foreign aggressive wars and conquests. Slusito, the last president of their school, dis claimed the principle of territorial extension. But within the last few years we have seen a predomi nant party . in the hutted States wriggling towards the acquisition of 'texas through all the dark and dirty bye-ways of intrigue—have seen the same party organise a war of conquest against Mexico— seen a man promoted to the Presidency solely on the ground of his achievements in an aggressive war which tenuinated in extending the territory of the republic. The era of lawlessness which has com menced in California is also the era of the growth of a party throughout the Union ambitious of foreign conquest and military domination. These are reflections which more nearly concern' the citizens of the republic than foreigners. The progress of the opinions and sentiments adverted to if nut checked will assuredly prove incompatible with the permanency of their existing . institutions. An executive so weak as that of America can be efficient for good only in a nation where the great mass et the citizens are animated by the principle of resolute submission to the laws and magistrates themselves have crested. A turbulent and insubordinate people FRANCE. PARIS. TVISDAY ETIMINO. To-day there is a dead quiet, which has extended to the Bourse, where the motes have cloaca at the same.quotations recilely as yesterday. I have little news to give respecting the minis terial crisis. It was admitted last night on all hands that M. Billault had failed to form a cabinet. I give you the reports of the papers on this subject. M:Emilie de Girardin says that it appears certain that M. Billault has not been able to form a cabinet ; and adds, that such result was natural, for that M. Billault sought to form a parliamentary ministry, while the only possible ministry after the dismissal of MM. Faucher arid Baroche was an extra-parliamen tary one, after the American fashion. The same writer says, in another column of the Presse, that the Sleek and the Natimull ought to rub their ;lands, for M. Leon Faucher keeps his friends about him, I and assures them that, after all, he was not mistaken iiisaving that the President would reflect and yield. De7Uats says that, notwithstanding the reports circulated yesterday of M. Billault having defini tively failed in the formation of a cabinet, he was yesterday still continuing his efforts, and had not given up all hopes of success ; but that last night there was no longer any question about M. Billault, who was said even to have set out for Nantes. In the meantime the following list was circulated: — M. de Bourjolly, Foreign Affairs; General St. Ar nand, War; M. Giraud (of Angers), Interior; M. Macau, Finances; M. Dino% Marine; and M. Hip pulyto Fortoul, Public Instruction. These rumours are given with reserve, nothing having been yet decided, or being likely to be decided before the , President has finished his message. The Ordre bays: It wu announced yesterday that the ministerial combina tion formed with the co-operation of N. Itillault was de cidedly broken up. The tidlowing incisions led, if we are rightly informed, to this cenclusion: M. llault is said to have answered to the l'resident, that ho had always formed part of the liberal opposition, that his past acts did not in any . way prevent him from presenting and supporting the revision, but that hi, principles im pmed upon him the obligation of adhering strictly to lega lity. At ten last night negotiation appeared to have failed. But at half past elesin M. Bataille visited N. Billault, and remained several hours with him. Of this conference nothing has transpired. The AssemtVe Nationale says : To-day it k stated that M. Billault has given up the mis sion of farming a cabinet. M. Bourjnlly, at first designated for the war department, would undertake the foreign. tar the rest these are merely rumours which we give. Nothing it to be officially decided hefore the delivery of the Presi dent's mcsvage to the president of the Assembly. _ - - - - - - - - - - The Pivsident is said to be occupied with the for mation of a provisional ministry, M. Leon Faucher and his colleagues testifying much impatience to be relieved from a position in which there is at present more work dial' honour. Nevertheless, Fould, Magne, and ltouher are expected to reappear in a definitive combination. It was stated in the diplomatic circles, yesterday evening, that although the ministers of the great continuant powers accredited to the President of the Republic have received instructions to abstain from any step which could be regarded as an interference in the domestic affairs of France, they have felt themselves authorised to apply fur information as to the chief points of the present ministerial crisis, and have convinced themselves that the President of the Republic remains and will remain faithful to the pledges which he has so frequently given for the maintenance of order. Lord Normanby had yesterday a long conference with the minister of foreign affairs. 1 he President is expected to leave St. Cloud fur the Elyse° on the 29th or 30th of October. It is not necessary to analyse a series of conjectural disagreements between Louis Napoleon and the able advocate whom he had summoned from Nantes to undertake the formation of a cabinet, in order to ac count for the definitive refusal of the latter to under take this difficult task. It must have been imme diately evident to the mind of M. Billault, a man well versed in parliamentary traditions, and a distin guished member of the old Chamber of Deputies and the Constituent of 181$, that, without some consider able basis of support in the Assembly, it was imprac ticable for him to conduct the government. Now, whoever has taken the trouble to examine the tone _ —a people blindly worshipping warlike prowessand proud of foreign conquest, can only be controlled by an executive able to carry out its views with a higher hand; a semi-military authority is tolerated and insensibly becomes the depository of executive power. This concerns the Americans, and them alone : it is a matter of internal organizat• . But the state of affairs in California will also deeply_ in fluence the future fortunes of communities entirely alien to the republic. We have more than once directed attention to the sew era that has dawned upon the Pacific. New communities of the European civilization have there sprung into existence, and European commerce is snaking rapid strides. California itself is a state which already makes its existence felt in the tran sactions of the whole world; the Australian colonies and New Zealand, of a less ephemeral growth, give symptoms already of what they are one day to be ; the Sandwich islands enjoy a regular, and, all things considered, well-administered government; the !nib= Sea is studded with European settlements, and the ear ryino trade of the Chinese waters is passing into the hands of Europeans. To the north the Russian colo nies are growing into importance, and on the south west arc the states of Spanish origin. The conduct ,and example of California must be pregnant with weal or wee for this new world. They must in a great measure decide whether the future nations of the Pacific are - to fight their way to settled order and trite civilisation through a period of buccaneer ing atrocities, or whether they are to advance after the more satisfactory fashion of the New England states. We frankly confess that in our endeavours to pierce the dimness that wraps the future, few symp toms give us more uneasiness titan the tone of the Californian press. The style in which the cold-blooded illegal murders at San Francisco and Sacramento are detailed is an exaggeration of the most repulsive features of what is in this country allied penny-a lining. The gold of C ilifornia has drawn thither, along with many well-disposed people, a numerous assemblage of the veriest mural outcasts of Europe and America. The uncontrolled indulgence of fierce passions in the interior is not so shocking as the reckless treachery of speculation and gambling of San Francisco. Sensual indulgence, pride in low cunning, and defiance of law and morality, are there the order of the day. And a vulgar literature, pandering to these propensities. detailing the ex ploits of desperadoes and swindlers, in a tone of 'mingled levity and sympathy, cannot fail to aggra vate the moral debtisement of society. It is true that the tasteless vapouring of the scribblers in the Californian journals warrants a belief that the atro cities at San Francisco and Sacramento have been exaggerated ; but one or two transitory outbursts of ferocity would indicate less depravity than the per manent encouragement of such writings by the public. One part of the lesson read by the latest intelli gence from California addresses itself more espe cially to this country. Of the three ruffians, who, had they suffered by the regular process of law, would apparently have met with no more than their deserts, too were expiree convicts from Great Bri tain. 'this proves, what we have often sought to impress upon the minds of our readers, the extent to which the felon population with which we have over stocked Australia carries its influence and example over the whole Pacific. It justifies the complaint of the settlers of Victoria and Adelaide, that the excess of convict transportation to Tasmania overflows into the neighbouring_ provinces —that these are only no minally detained from the operation of the system, and made to receive the felonry of England by an indirect process. of the various organs of the Assembly, will have per ceived that such a basis was entirely wanting. That portion of the press from which the policy of abro gating the law of May 31 might naturally . have ex pected the strongest support, in proportion to the violent resistance evinced in the same quarter to the establishment of restricted suffrage, has, singular to say, received with the utmost apathy the announce ment of the irrevocable resolution of the executive power to demand the complete restoration of univer sal suffrage. For sixteen months the Siede and National have been daily dinning into the public ear that to maintain the restrictions of the law of May would lead inevitably to civil war in 1852. The strongest pledge which can possibly be given for the repeal of the law is publicly undertaken by the Pre sident, and the men of the Natisiett and S.ccle not I)EsPATCHES TOR TnE CAPE PT THE SILINGITAT.— Immediately on the intelligence reaching London of the arrival of her 3lnjesty's steam•vessel Birkenhead, with important news from the Cape, the Peninsular and Oriental Company sent telegraphic orders to Southampton to detain their screw-ship the Shanghai from procaeding en route to Calcutta and China, until they had commui. steal with the government. Having proffered the use of that ship for the conveyance of any orders to the Cape, the Colonial-office at once accepted the offer, and last night despatches were sent off to Southampton, with which the Shanghai was to leave this morning for her destination. But for the arrival of the Birkenhead, the Shanghai would not have gone out of her route to touch at the Cape. SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION.—About. a quarter to 1 o'clock this morning a fire broke out at Bermondsey, fa the tan-yard of Mr. N illiam Warrick, Willow-walk, owing to the overheatin; of a rick of tan. It was immediately discovered by some of the workmen a h te, r • employed all night. The engines of the West of Eagland and Louden Eire Brigade were promptly on the spot, and the firs was prevented from extending. The rick, containing about fifty loads of tap, was completely destroyed. only sullenly refuse the least acknowledgment of the most puissant co-operation which they can receive, but absolutely render it impossible for a parliament ary cabinet to be formed for their professed darling object to be carried into effect. Certainly, if the system of mutilated suffrage be maintained, and a collision ensue between the troops and the disfran chised electors, it is difficult to conceive a more direct case of responsibility for such a result than will attach to the parties represented by the organs in question. Their refusal of support to a ministry formed for abrogating the law of May is, according to their own showing, an adoption of the standard of 'civil war. But however revolutionary may be the intentions of the Ntiona, no one can suppose the Sic(le, the journal of the liberal bouryeoiste, to be really animated by any motives so incompatible with the interests it represents. The truth is, that the party of General Cavaignac does not sincerely wish for the re-establishment of universal suffrage, because its chief has a stronger party in the Assembly than la the country-,and its organ, the Sier'e, seems guided is its course by an undeviating hostility to Louis Napoleon. The darling scheme of the .Nati.nia/ is that thrice-sifted assembly of delegates chosen by indirected suffrage, which is termed the Democratic Conclave, and is destined to exercise the most des potic sway over the whole of the republican party. The success of this winnowed aggregate of socialists would be entirely compromised by a return to un restricted suffrage ; for then it would be abso lutely impossible to • control the majority of democratic electors from voting freely and directly for the President most in accordance with their tastes, the principle of the Conclave being admitted generally only for the case in which restrained suf frage is maintained. But, whatever motives actuate the Siccle, the Notiouat, the Revolution, and other organs of the like parties in their opposition to the new policy of the President, it is certain that no sooner was this result observed by the conservative majority, than the latter, then prostrate in utter dis couragement, suddenly took heart, and from an ab ject acknowledgment of their own impotence to make the law respected, and the consequent neces sity of yielding, passed suddenly to a tone of brag gart defiance and menace, and declared that they would oppose the abrogation with all their might. Such was the first result of the coldness, apathy, and disunion prevailing in the camp of the republicans. The Censtitationa/ alone on one side, and the Prose and Pays on the other, supported the Ely4e. But what could be done in the Assem bly with no more allies than the pure Bonapartists and the handful of republicans at the beck of Lamartine and Girardin. M. Bil- Inuit is far too practical a man not to have seen, under such circumstances the total impossibility of stemming the opposition of the Assembly. Where such a preponderant motive existed for washing his , hands of the mission assigned to him, there would be little fruit in speculating what portions of the possible propositions of Louis Napoleon. the advocate ' of Nantes was prepared to admit, and what to re : ' ject, or whether he was finally deterred by seeing ! that the crisis must at last come to an inevitable ;'rupture of legality, and the creation of a dictatorship on one side, or a convention on the other. For the rest the announcement of M. Billaules departure , from Paris seems to be premature ; for, quite unex pectedly, the ex-representative of the Constituent found on returning to his lodging on Saturday night, L ' that his eife and family had come up from I , Nantes, perhaps thinking to find the head of the ; family mi alre nis ad te y rs instled as minister 4 the wh a o l haverciigned t naturau inter;or ru . b THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 22, 1851. thtir hands over these negative results, and hold to the ma of M. Faucher that the President " re, lechira et Pehira." Certainly at the present moment it is difficult to see any other course open to the President but deflection from the policy proclaimed on the 14th Oct., unless he be prepared to call in an extra-parli amentary ministry. He is strongly encouraged to adopt this course, both by Girardin and Lamartine, as well as the Constitution nel ; so that there appears some probability of a repetition of the ministerial machinery resorted to on the fall of the Baroche cabinet ; and a set of administrative men foreign to the Assembly will in all likelihood present the new message. On the other hand, it is said that the As sembly is prepared to act with temper and delibera tion. A committee would be appointed to examine the proposition for abrogating the law of 31st May, andwould whilerecommendiagtherejection of thepurel and simpleabrogation, recommend modifications of the law, which might form a basis of transaction between the powers. If the former ministers, who, as I in formed you, admitted, at St. Cloud, on the 14th, important modifications of the electoral law, should I return to office, the result would be, for all practical • purposes, pretty much the same in the end, unless the I President be really bent on pushing matters reso lutely to a complete rupture, a conclusion which no careful weigher of his past administration will readily adopt. The correspondence of the Indfipendance Belye has been obliged to contradict its story about a dinner at Rothschild'a country-house, at Ferrieres, where an alliance between Changnrnier and earlier was said to have been sealed, in the presence of Leon Faucher and other of the resigned ministers. The part of Hamlet was left out. Changarnier was not present at the dinner in question. The rumoured successor of earlier at the Prefec ture of Police, M. de Maupas, prefect of the Haute- Garrone, curiously enough was summoned from Tou louse to Paris to receive a wigging from M. Leon Faucher, relative to some disputes between the pre fect and the military authority. On the eve of the ministeral crisis, M. de Maupas was ordered by the minister of the interior to return to Toulouse, but showed in reply a note from the President, request ing hint to stay. Perhaps the prefect of Toulouse will have to thank M. Leon Faucher for putting him all innocently in the road to the prefecture of police at Paris. The tone of the conservative papers is much quieter to-day. They limit themselves in general to adducing arguments to prove the untruth of M. Gm nier de Cassagnac's assertion thatthere is no majority. Cassagnac says that when the President con sented to pass the law of the 31st May, he declared to a deputation of the Committee of Seventeen, who waited on him at the lilysee, that if the country de sired to maintain him at his post he would never consent to be there except by universal suffrage. This remark has attracted much notice, and its truth is challenged by the Assembh'e, who asks why the President did not call a second deliberation, or pro pose the application of a separate law to his own election. The Ordre quotes the same assertion as an answer to the Patric, which affirms that Louis Napo leon's determination to propose the abrogation of the law of the 31st May, rose entirely from the conviction that it was favourable to the drleanist interest, but to no other. The Minister of War has signed some decrees for the conveyance of troops by railroads. Mazzini has addressed a manifesto to the Rero fution. The linniteur contains a statement of the imports, exports, and navigation of France for the month of September. The customs duties levied on the mer chandise imported amount to 10,869,000 fr. The corresponding amount for tho year 1830 was 11,619,0001 r. ; and f0r18.10,.10,876,000fr. The total amount of custom duties levied upon imports during the first nine months of 11451 is 87,273,000 fr. The corresponding amount fur 1830 was 92,818,000 fr.; and for 1849, 93,133,0001 i. ITALY. SARDINIA. The Progresso of Turin, of the 17th, says that the Marquis d'Azeglio, on the preceding day, submitted to the King of Sardinia the decree miming Dr. Parini to the portfolio of Public Instruction. The Opiuionc of Turin, of the IHth, states that Marquis Spinola, the Sardinian Minister at Rome, is to be re placed by Count Berton Sambuy, who is said to be a noted partisan of the clerical party. PRUSSIA. BERLIN, OCT, 20. I have learnt somewhat distinctly whiit military preparations, in anticipation of events which may happen in France in 1552, are now making. The troops of all the German states arc to be put on a full war establishment, and to be ready for immediate action early in the spring. The regiments and divi sions quartered at present in the western garrisons are to be in readiness to form a junction on the shortest notice, and to advance towards the French frontier. . . ----- The military equipments, which in Prussia were deficient on the last calling out of the army, arc now quite complete, and everything is prepared for another general call to arms, or, as the Germans say, "mobilinachuug." The western fortresses have received orders to be in readiness for war; and in all the military stores and war magazines of the kingdom the utmost activity prevails to provide every kind of supply. This is all said to be mere precautionary demonstration. It shows, however, a determination to take advantage of any plausible provocation to proceed suddenly to hostilities against France. BAVARIA. A recent debate in the Bavarian Chambers de serves notice on two grounds. It illustrates the immorality of the government and the immo rality of the governed. During the preceding session the government lotteries were abo lished by a large majority, and the act of abolition confirmed by the royal sanction. Notwithstanding, the government not only did not carry out the law, but refused, when called upon in the chamber, to do so. Financial grounds were urged; the receipts arising from the lotteries being necessary to cover the expenditure incurred by the general armament in the past year and the military occupation of Hessen. A goal deal of acrimonious discussion ensued, and the immoral results of lot teries painted in strong colours by the opposition, in order to display still more thoroughly the flagrant outrage committed by the government. One advo cate of the government measure defended his friends by throwing out imputations against the people, stating the incredible filet that the amount of the income and property tax returns for the whole king dom was not more than $O,OOO or 900,000 florins. The gentleman in question discovered an awful amount of popular immorality in such an obvious deceit practised by the people, forgetting altogether that the evil example set by the government has only been followed by the people. SAXE COBURG GOTIIA. A letter from Gotha of the 10th instant says : The draught, just published, of a fundamental law for the Duchy of Coburg Gotha contains the fol lowing enactments. The first section is relative to the question of succession ; it declares that in case the succession should devolve onPrince Albert, con sort of the Queen of England, it shall be permitted to the Prince to be replaced by a governor in case he should not himself fix his residence in the duchy. If the Duke goes to occupy a throne out of Germany, it is admitted that he renounces the government of f the I Duchy. In section second, the fundamental rihts, las promulgated by the assembly of Frankfort, have been adopted, save in that portion of them which had been enacted iu view of a constitution of the German empire. The third section enacts that pa rishes and foundations are placed under the protec tion of the state, and their property may nut be used for state purposes. The fourth section merely pro mises a law that will fix the relations that are to exist between the functionaries of the state. The most important section is the fifth, which treats of the subject of diets. It enacts that the two portions of the country are to have a common diet, c .mpris ing within its influence the relations resulting from the government of a common sovereign, matters in connection with the political organisation of Ger many, the fundamental laws of the state, representa tion abroad, the army, customs, coin, the records of state, the post-office, and likewise the ministry of state, the court of appeal, and the tribunal of supe rior appeal. Besides this common diet there is to be a separate diet for Coburg and for Gotha; and these are to be charged with other matters than those alreadymentioned. The Dietof Coburg is to consist of 11 members, that of Gotha of 10. The common diet is composed of the chairmen and secretaries of the separate diets, and their substitutes, plus three mem bers of the Diet of Coburg and ten of the Diet of Gotha. PALM% Oct. 21. I Tot -:' Tot Amunt. Weep ! Oposing 111006 Lowor.t. mope --- per Cents. lot Cents 905319060 on on on pis Cents. New Loan ... i ... ... ... ... per Cent.. I Ira Celltd •,.. 3 per Cents. 5 per Cents 3 per Cents. New' 4 per Cents. ... . 44 psi Lead ;II 1 1 ' ..... Exchange on London: at sight, 25 274 ; bil day,. 25 10. Belgian, 5, 1840 Do. 5, 1842 Do. at - Do. 24 Piedmont 3 p.Ct... 79 25 ... I Bank Mama PAWS, OCT. 22.—Vernailles (left Walt), 207 40 ; Paris Paris and Orleans, 852 30; Pans an. Rouen. 3513 0; Mareelllas and Arigoun, 21123; Strasbourg and h&c, 145; (Bnue, 421 2S• Boa low sod Amiens, 258 75; ()ilium and Bordeaux, 3$ I ; Northern. 453 73 ; l'Oiri• and z.trssbourg, 344 75; Inure and Nantes. 238 254 Dieppe and Feesmp, 195. DENMARK. The following telegraphic despatch, dated the 19th, has been received from Copenhagen : A new ministry is named. M. Bloom takes the' place of M. Woltz, and M. Flensburg is ap pointed Minister of War. Count Moltke retires; his successor is not yet named." , ... Prince hwarzenberg. The Russian minister, 'Mee endorf, gave a grand dinner in Lord Westmoreland's THE CAPE DESPATCHES AND THE nnvoNroxr honour. All the chiefs of embassies were invited. AETUORITIES.—The correspondent of a morning paper, The Mitikfort Oter Post Amts Z ;Noy pretends writing from Devonport on Monday, says: "The Dirken -Ito know the result of the recent deliberations on the head, steam troop-ship, Master Commander Salinond, arrived Austrian constitution, now in embryo. It will con- se oo this port last evening, with important government des gist, says that journal—a semi-official one, by the patches, and a mail from the Cape of Good Hope, which bye—in the establishment of a senate having a con- were landed at Mount Wise in a boat from the steamer sultativc voice in the legislative matters, and com posed of the princes of the imperial house, prelates, about half-past five p.m., and immediately reported to the forth chiefs of the noblesbo, and a limited number of mere- Port Admiral, Sir d. A Ommanney. The mail was bers to be appointed by the Emperor out of the non- . with sent to the post-office, but owing to the Sunday regu lations, the clerks and others were all absent, and the office privileged class. This senate will act in concert with being closed, there was some difficulty in gaining admitance. the provincial state organised in the old feudal and ', When this was obtained, the postmaster, acting upon th e manorial style. 1 parsimonious instructions . of the department, objected to VIENNA, OCTOBER 17. forward them by a speeml tratn unless guaranteed by A plenipotentiary from the United States govern- the part admiral for the cost. This was declined ; ment has arrived in Vienna, commissioned to nego- and the and t ence t was that the e mails were ee tiate a postal treaty with Austria. Considerable resh ipped,anot port T l po t rit h ordered ' mo s a c t a h r : it c hre it is ° tg roc b e e pre modifications in the present rates of postage and : sinned the officials, either better acquainted with their charges for par cel s are proposd. i duties, or possessed of more nerve than the commander-hi lt is stated in a Prussian journal that a treaty of ; chief at this port, received and despatched the mails to commerce has already been concluded betw een th e I their destination. We doubt if a precedent is t to e lse co f n ou u n e d t Th Por e t N e l a e n n d na A p u re st s. ria , a , re a s n il d en t t h o e n tratificati ons hesubject; ebxuctlittanisgreidoi displayedheavy one , cons i st i ng o f f our t een l ar ge packoges, sad, con denied "ewo o l n e t r h a i n s g oc e eti of s' o o ffi n. eia fe xPene ti n w ee as f an exceedingly that negotiations have been in progress, and ' sidering the great anxiety existing from the fact of the mail that a successful issue has been anticipated. It the' being BON a fortnight overdue, and the difficult position of statements now made prove well founded, it must be regarded as most important. The .lustrian govern- • ment has long desired to draw closer its commer- ; !enterprise ' affairs, according to the a inte r lliac i n n ee ha lt e ly i t; o re m vi o o t ez i n a ri t l ; o thgle l fuv ee to receive it, lin postal or naval affairs. Private cial relations with the l'orte, obvious advantages , ver e nmeut declined to take the responsibility of; and the rpri l ie effected that which the representative of the go tof the greatest importance being to be gained by ' public were thus put in possession, through the press, of the I such a policy. The Danube, from its navigable intlligenL., point almost to its mouth, is under the dominion of .ma ! Austria, and any measure which shall cement the do hours liut the merchants connexion with the power in whose possession is the for an unnecessary period." who arc at the pre some before the arrival of the regular sent Inn% di. n .epi n iinterested in the affairs of one of our most important colonies, are deprived of their communications ROMAN STATES. The Conatitutionnel contains the following: Our letters from Rome inform us that the only fact of any importance which has occurred during the last month, is the definitive conclusion of the treaty which was nego tiated with M. do Moncler for the great line of railway front Rome to Ancona and front Ancona to Bologna. Some malevolent insinuations on this subject have appeared in several journals, the correspondents of which have ac clued the government of a want of candour, and of not really wishing the definitive execution of this import ant negotiation which has been so long pending, but our correspondent assures us that they are not well founded. Not only is the personal opinion of the Pope well known on this subject, but it is evident that if the cardinal who is provisionally at the head of the ministry, his colleagues and the members of the council of state, who have been consulted, had wished to start an ob jection, they might have found a plausible one in a refusal to guarantee the very unusual interest to the shareholders of G per cent., and no one would have found fault with them. The wish of bringing this enterprise to a termina tion alone induced them to accept this clause. The state of our army is mesa satisfactory. General Boren', who had been appointed to succeed General Chadesson, hail arrived, no well as General Letang, who had just inspected the cavalry. The cases of fever were very few, in comparison with other years, and the sanitary state of the troops was such, that the Pope, suddenly paying a visit to the French military hospital of St. Dominick, found it empty. Our correspondent adds, that the relations between the French soldiers and the mass of the population are visibly improved. Thu apostolic chamber, otherwise called the treasury, hail just taken formal possession of a property be longing to the Emperor of Russia, and which the latter had given to the Pope. This property had been purchased by Russia in order to make some excavations which it was thought might lead to results interesting to the arts, but the searches hail been completely fruitless. NAPLES. A letter from Naples announces that at the end of this month the king and queen intend to proceed to Vienna via Trieste on a visit to the Emperor of Aus tria. The letter adds that the king has set at liberty all the refugees who were confined at Avellino. VENICE. The Lombardo Vend° of Venice announces that all the houses are to be pulled down on the island of St. Giorgio (close to Venice), and a formidable for tress to be erected upon it. GERMANY. AUSTRIA. The Earl of Westmoreland, who reached Vienna on tho 14th inst., had an interview on the lath with mouth must be productive of great commercial ad vantages. Politicians to whom England and France ere bugbears have long advocated the conclusion of a connsuceial treaty with the Porte, hoping thereby to fad a means of extending the power of the Austrian empire into Persia and Central Asia, and to prevent England especially from o btainin g possession at Aden. The Wanderer revives the old advocacy, and sees in the treaty a new basis on which to re build the power of Austria, apart from Germany, where she will always have to struggle with the pains and confusions of K.leimitaaterei(small stateism). The treaty . or the negotiations arc important in another point of view. They add an additional im pediment to any hostile plans which Schwarzenberg or his master may entertain towards the Porte for the release of Kossuth and his companions. They put an end, however, to the constant squabblings between the Austrian consuls and the Turkish au thorities on the frontiers respecting the duties to be paid on Austrian Foods, squabbles which have re cently reached a high pitch, and led to communica tions of an unfriendly character between Vienna and Constantinople. Tho railway from Mestre to Treviso was opened on the 14th instant, Field-Marshal ItAiletzky assist ing at the ceremonies with all his stailf. fhe ministerial crisis in France agitates the ex change in Vienna very considerably. Silver and gold, together with foreign bills, have since fallen 2 per cent. Metalliques and other funds maintain them selves at 92 and thereabouts. The uninitiated must naturally . be at a loss to solve this mystery. The explanation cannot be repeated too often. The Finance Minister does not oilcan that they should fall, and whenever Five per Cent. Metalliqucs are in the market he becomes their purchaser. Ile has rags enough, together with types and presses, at his disposal. He pays in paper and not in coin. So rotten arc nut only the financial affairs, but every other branch of the administration of the Austrian empire, that were Vienna in direct communication ,with Tahiti or any other uncivilised distant spot, and 'news were to arrive of a change of ministry, 1 really believe Austrian exchanges would be materially affected. _ . PORTUGAL. By her Majesty's steam-sloop Hecate, Commtuidee Hand, which arrived last night at Portsmouth, from Lisbon, letters and papers of the 16th have been received. The following ships of war were 4 anchor in the Tagus :—llcr Majesty's ships Prince Itegent, 90 ; La Hogue, GO ; Leander, 50 ; A re . thusa, 50 ; the French ships Henri Quatre, 1006 and Narval steam-sloop ; and a Spanish corvette, The Peninsular mail-steamer Madrid, from South ampton, calling at Vigo, arrived at Lisbon on the 12th, in four days 10 hours, and left for Gibraltar on the same day. The Brazil mail-steamer Teviot, from Soathampton direct, arrived at Lisbon on the 14th, in four days 15 hours, and left for Madeira at 5 p.m., on the mum day. It is stated the Teviot might safely have en tered the Tagus on the previous evening, hnt it at). pears the Royal Mail Company do not give them captains the discretionary power to enter the Tagus after sunset. On the 16th the Queen was to hold a council of state to consider Lord I'almcrston's claims in the Croft case of refused dowry registration. The council would also be consulted upon the proposed nomination to the peerage of M. Ferro, ex-minister of finance. TURKEY. CONSTANTINOPLE, SEPT. 2t. The Egyptian question is likely to be settled in the most satisfactory way. The last letter or the Grand Vizier to Abbas Pasha says clearly that the Porte cannot acknowledge the right of Aldus Pasha to enter into negotiations with foreign emissaries, involving the interests and resources of the country for the future, but if the Pasha applies to the Porto for the permission of the construction of a railway, the Porte will grant this permission, under tho lowing conditions: 1. That the railway should be made out of the regular income of the province, and that it never should be a pretext for the heavier taxatiou of the people. 2. That the native workmen should lie paid, and work for wages; the work should not be a compul sory and gratuitous one. 3. The administration of the railway must re . main in the hands of the regular authorities, not in those of foreigners. This ultimatum shows clearly that the Porte is no enemy of the railway scheme, but that she cannot allow that it should become a pretext to make Abbas Pasha, the hereditary viceroy, an independent prince. Lord Palmerston has taken now the same view. Sir Stratford Canning has delivered a dispatch to the Porte,wherein the Foreign Secretary ink no w the rights of the l'orte. The pretensions of tip Consul-General at Alexandria arc thus checked, and Sir Stratford enjoys now the same unbounded influ ence as he had before. When tho difficulties wore more threatening, Mehemet Pasha, the late ambits. sador at London, was summoned front his Piuihalik, Aleppo, in order to proceed to England to settle this Alin., but now he is likely to return again to Aleppo. Mons. Ustinoff is expected here at Constantinople, to remain ud interim until the ambassador, M. Titoff, returns from his secret mission, which is to be tho counterpart of Lord Minto's far-fitmed mission. Ho goes first to Naples, but it is said that he will visit, "on account of his health," all the other courts of Italy, and go even to Paris. In the meantime tho principalities and Bulgaria arc overrun by Russian I agents and emissaries; their chief is the Chamberlain, M. Buttiano, who since IsPi has his bead aptarters at Bukarest. The importance of the principalities you may perceive also by the recent appointment of M. Girseh, the cunning secretary of the Russian le. gation at kanstantinope, as consul-general at Yassy, in Moldavia. Fethi Ahmet Pasha, who occupies himself with tho practical improvements in the empire, has sent a distinguished surveyor to Varna, on account of a high-road to ho constructed from this seaport to ltustshuk. The disgusting disputes about the Holy Sepulchre are to be settled by a compromise of the interested communities, without foreign interference. The great questions which now occupy the Porto are the establishment of the bank, the loan, and tho regulation of the taxes. The result is yet unknown. The opinion prevails here that the two Emperors of Itussta and Austria have formally promised their support to Louis Bonaparte for his ambitions schemes, and eventually assured to him an honourable posi tion either in Russia or Austria, in case he should fail. So much is certain, that all the French matical agents side always with the Russians. Two divisions of Russian gunboats have anchored at Akierman and Suliac, at the mouth of tho Danube. GREECE. The Ober Poat Antes 7,, , itung of Frankfort has letters from Athens, of the Y lth ult., which say that the King intends to abolish the 40th article of tho constitution, which declares that no prince can suc ceed to the Greek throne, unless he professes the Greek religion. It is this proviso that has hitherto been an obstacle to the settlement of the question of succession. If (adds the paper quoted) the ministry be opposed to this measure, it will resign. ARABIA.—A Bohemian journal has the following from Constantinople without date :—" The Wecha bites (Wahabees?) have attacked the cities of Mecca and Medina, massacred a great number of the inhabi tants, burned the mosques, and pillaged the cities." LATEST FOREIGN EXCHANGES. MADRID, Ocr. 16.—Three per Cents., 36:• after Tiolsa, 361 '4. Four per Cents., 141, ; after lasa, Five per Cents., 161 ; after Balsa, 161. Coupons, 8; after Dolma ' 8 c. Passives, 6 1-16• after ItoLis, 6. Bank of St. Ferdinand, 100. li achange ou Lon don, 50.75. NAPLES, 14.—Neapolitan Fivo per Cents., 1021. Exchange on London, 576. [By Ecetzle Teegraph.] ANTWERP, OCT.2l.—Five per Cent. Mitalliques, 74. Five per Cent. Ardoins, 14. Three per Cent. Inland, 351. Russian Four-and-a-Half per Cents., —. Exchange on London, 2.5.30. BRUSSELS, OCT. 21.—Belgian Five per Cents., 98f. Ditto Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 90. Ditto, Two and-a-Half per Cents., 50. Exchange on London, 25.30. AMSTERDAM, OCT. 20.—Five per Cent. Metal -1 liques, 711. Five per Cent. Ardoms, 141 ; Three per Cents. Interior, 35. Russian Four-and-a- Half per Cents., 997, Two-and-a-Half per Cent. Intr. , grab', 577. Exchange on London, 11.90. VIENNA, Oct 21.—Five per Cent.'Metalliques, 921. Exchange on London, 12M ; on Paris, 143. HAMBURG, OCT. 21.—Three per Cents. Into rior, 33. Exchange on London, three months, 13.51; ditto at sight, 13 . 7 :. FRANKFORT, OCT. 21.—Five per Cent. Mkalliques, 711. Three per Cent. Interior, —. Exeltaige on London, 1191. BERLIN, OCT. 21. Voluntary Loan, 102 Z; National Debt, 881; Exchange on London, 6.221 ditto Hamburg, ; ditto Petersburg, 105 j; ditto Vienna, 82. 17TII LANCERS AND 4TIt DRAGOONS.—'IIO 17th which march to-day and to•mo•rrow in two divLi•m+ from Woolwich en route to Canter:Ray, will be riplaced at Woolwich by the 4th Light Dragoons from Hampton court. We understand that it is in futur, iutcnded to make Woolwich a cavalry station.