The Express. — London, England, 1853-05-16 00:00:00

gut ersirefso. 1 IN GENTS. & +N. 1.1 " ht, Lay: ooativamir the , ti..:t,„" le 0:bilaol only Toooday aid indoy Ireitv•Kreotslidovled for rat. ftwrom,"L,oodow Eveoing • , vT, .;. ..e at :be nate, to. Duoyono•Orost. by Two 0'0100k...L Say d poolloatboo. EIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE T.if Doa —Hamar. 7a. 10.......Atteresou 71.4: 1 •• T.r iour w—ltoralag. 2726... aeon. LONDON, MONDAY, MAY 16. Tax Dahlia Exhibition has opened with great ;d o t All classes appear to have united to do ho nour to an event, which may serve—inch is the con dition of Ireland—to mark an epoch in the history of that country. Thousands of friends of Ireland flock ing together to celebrate the opening of • grand display of Irish labour. Trinity College, the heed quitters of the Irish Established Church, sends forth its Provost and Fellows to mingle with the Catholic Archbishop and other Catholic prelates. The church de 'are and the church de facto sink for an instant their irreligious quarrels, and are silent in the presence of a power which may achieve what they have never done—the pacification of Ireland. Politicians of all politics, religious men of all deno mination, are united in the happy inauguration of the Exhibition of Irish industry. Its opening is marked also with a fact of much sig nificanoe. The originator has refused the honours which the representative of royalty proposed to be stow upon him. Mr. WILLIAM DARGAN, for some cause or other, objects to be knighted. Extraordi nary Mr. BAROAN, What can have induced him to say No to a proposal that thousands of those around him would have been willing to purchase at a very heavy rate ? Is it possible that he thinks there must be something anomalous in a reward which sat well upon the shoulders of Ducuescias, BAYARD, and Sir Pulite Stuttev,and is supposed to be equally well adapted_ for Bir RICHARD PRlLirrs or Sir JOHN BET? Did he—we are &bloat afraid to suggest the ques tion—did he look upon the Knights of St. Patrick present before him in all the glory of collar and Mar, and vote them mere shame? Did he, being a practical man, hesitate about entering into a pro fission which history tells him involved devoting himself to the service of " Ood and the ladies," pro tecting the distressed, fighting the infidels, despising the allurements of ease, and seeking perilous adven tured) Perhaps, being " honest, bold, and loyal," he thought there was no necessity to take an oath that he ;would remain so. As we do not know Mr. Deaustib reasons, there will be ao harm in conjecturing a few which may very probably have had some influence upon him and others who have lately refused the honour in questios, and may poniibly have had some weight with Sir Rouser Pau, in determining him to reject a peerage for himself and his descendants. Every one who has considered the question will recognise the fact, that European titles of honour are all either ecclesiastical or military. The few titles ac corded to legal or scientific eminence by the Universi ties are only apparent exceptions to the rule, the Uni versities being in their origin essentially ecclesiastical corporations. Titles are derived from a period when the priest and the soldier were the great agents of ci%disation. There is a party which - derives its opi nions from middle-age traditions, which believes that the mission of these two agents still continues. " What," said the late Livros° Cor'm's, the most elo quent member of this party," What would become of the world, of the civilisation of Europe even, if there were neither priests nor soldiers? " Doubtless there are many good and holy men, amongst whom we may reckon the late Dr. ARNOLD, who think that the Millennium is a period when we shall do without either. They look for the ultimate purification of religion in the abolition of pyiesteraft, and the ultimate perfection of society in the abolition of war. There, however, is a still larger class who, without holding strong opinions on priesteraft or soldiering, believe that the great mission of civilisa tion is entrusted to neither the one nor the other any longer. They find that the education of the world is no longer confined to the church, that the subjugation and colonisation of the world is no ;longer the exclusive ministry of the soldier. They see that the great agent in modern civili sation is industry, understood in its widest sense —industry which marshals its thousands of sturdy labourers to take possession of the new worlds which science is day by day opening to the view. In the days when the priest and the soldier governed the world, there was a veil over the eyes of man, and he saw nothing in the earth but a contrivance to ripen his corn—in the air, nothing but supply for the breath or a motive power for his windmills and sails, —in the water. nothing bat a means of sustenance or transit—in fire, nothing but a means for producing warmth or melting metals. Science has rent the veil from his eyes. He sees in the earth hundreds of pro ducts which afford employment enough for all his energies_ ; he beholds the air teeming with countless tremendous forces, which are only to be subdued by infinite labour; he sees water and fire developing power in a thousand different shapes, all to be pressed into the service of man. This is the world that the moderns have to deal with. The priest and the soldier must bo looked upon in future only as subordinate agents. The subjugation of this world—the world of the middle ages multiplied by a million—is entrusted to a new set of agents. Are these to have no honours of their own? Are they to be put off with the chips of the tined which glittered on the breasts of the rear ranks of those who were called heroes in ages whoa the world offered but a contracted field for man's countless energies? The HINGISTS and the HORS ts of former days are, in the persons of their descendants, "keeping their game." Are the new subjugators of territories to be content with the crumbs of honour which will content the degenerate children of this • heroic ancestry ? No. Industry must have its :own honours. Ia former times the title told you something about the man. Now it tells nothing at all. Mr. Thracian has done more for the regeneration of Ireland than the mob of knights and barons who have graced its annals for the last century. He has entered upon his task of elevating the island with a fall faith in the capacities and the energies of its inhabitants, and it is reported of him that he boasts that he has never in one instance been deceived. He has set free multitudes of forces that are now working for the cultivation of the country. He has introduced new arts. He has em- plord an industrial may of 52,000 men. Plenty, happiness, improvement, follow his footsteps. What has this to do with knighthood ? He has from his own ISOM raised the building of the Great Exhibition from its foundation. Would the prefix " Sir" tell the world one fraction of these achieve manta ? Would he be the better known, the more valued, for theltendle to his name? . . Oar great industrial heroes have vindicated to themselvess paWen at lout as distinguished as that formerly heN by the great ecclesiastical and military heroes, end far above that held by the modern representatives of the latter. It is well that some of them have native dig totwenough to remember this. Let them the east-off &mentions of feudalism' Let them claim their own honours; sod until this is granted, let thank stand apart from the vulgar honours of the modem world, conscious of their own dignity. By arias this they will read a lesson to the Ounkeyium of society, and strengthen their own position. The world will be taught to turn away its wondering oyes from the glittering gewgaws which have so looms charmed it, and, enrolling itself under its new Isrs, go forth in its course of subjuga;ing all the inigiq !Deese of nature, and bringing them auto the servum d saakicd. 01? INDUSTRY IN PARIS. The followiog notification has been issued by the Department of Science and Art: " Universal Exhibition of Agricultural and Indus trial Products at Paris in 1866.—The Lords of the Committee of Privy Council for Trade have received a communication from the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, transmitting a copy of a letter from Couot Walewski. the French ambassador at :he CJurt of London, in which it is announced that by a decree of the dth of March lut, his Majesty the Emperor has ordered that a universal exhibition of sgricul- tural and industrial products shall take place in Paris t o i the Ist of May, 16,1 J. The French ambassador i states that exhibitors of those countries who answer 1 to this appeal will meet with every . rovuaite facility., b .th as regards the customs regulattotti,...llnd the ro z I ception, arrangement, and security ot-theilf products I in the Palace of Industry. A late Metes whittik, will be communicated without slclay,:itill - .oeterm and specify the conditions' of ' Or :-V,nicehal Exhibition, the rules under which goods will be exhibited, and the different kinds of products which . will .be admitted. Count. Walewski ex presses a hope on behalf of the government of his Imperial Majesty, that the Brittelr govern ment will do all- -is their-power to direct the atten tion of British manufacturers to the intended Ex hibifion of 1835, and that they will answer to the invitation which is now addressed to them with the same ardour as the French manufacturers responded to the invitation of England in 1831. In accordance with the request of the Earl of Clarendon, my lords desire to give the widest publicity to this measure, in order that no effort may be spared in furtherance of the intentions of the Emperor of the French as re gards the exhibition of British agriculture and in dustry.—Hk.NßY COLE, LYON PLATFAIR, Joint Be cretarics.—Marlborough Rouse, 10th May, 1853." FRANCE. PARIS, SCNOILY EYI3INO. The Mumittur of to-day contains a decree of the Emperor regulating the commissariat department of the marine. The Emperor has granted o remission of punish ment to 19 individuals condemned by the recent mixed commissions to various penalties. The following deputies were Testerday elected to form the committee for examining the bill for the revival of the political guillotine, or, as it is called in bland official language, the restoration of articles 88 and al' of the penal code: Viscount de la Guerrou ni,:re, M. Andre, Count de Flavigny, Evariste voux, Colonel Reguis, M. Ferret, and M. Severin Abbatueci. The Moni(eur contains a decree re-organising the commissariat of the marine. The Princess Achille Murat, who has very re cently arrived from Florida, had a private interview with the Emperor yesterday. She is the grandniece of General W ashington, and married the eldest son of King Joachim on July 30, 1826. She has been a widow since his death in April 1846. M. Muret de Bort, a member of the Chamber of Deputies unler Louis Philippe, has just published a pamphlet headed "On the Bank of France since 1647, and the Bank of England." His object tip ' pears to be to reply to those who assert that the Bank of France is Incompetent to supply the wants of credit in difficult times, and that its action con tributes to augment the intensity of a crisis. So far from this being the case, it is proved, he contends, by facts that the intervention of the Bank is never so active and efficacious uin difficult times. Thus in 1838, 1839, IslB,and 1847, when financial embarrass ments had been brought on by ill-considered enterprise and undue speculation in preceding years, the Bank, instead of diminishing its discounts, as it has been accused of doing, extended them. In 1839, the Bank discounted to the extent of 1,454 millions, being 482 millions more than in 1836. In 1847, when the con sequences of the mania of 1846 were universally felt, the Bank increased its 'discounts from 1,498 millions, which they were in 1843, to 1,653 millions. In 1848 the salvation of' public cr edit was entirely due to the Bank. It was able on the sudden to lend 77 millions to the state, it preserved a large number of eminent firms from bankruptcy, and owing to its reputation for wisdom and prudence, the extreme measure of a forced currency for its paper was resorted to with advantage. M. Monet de Bort makes very small account of the new credit establishments called into existence within the last few months, and combats with great energy the prevailing delusion that riches and prosperity increase in proportion to the aid given to speculation. So long, he says, as the Bourse is crowded with borrowers, who buy what they are unable to hold, in the hope of speedily selling at a premium, the most expenenced financiers will in vain exercise their ingenuity, will in vain multiply . com binations, and graft institution upon institution to stand between the borrower and the lender ; these new institutions will be no more capable than the Bank to advance capital which in reality does not exist. He regrets that the Bank, yielding to a pres sure difficult to resist, should have departed from its established principles by making enormous advances upon railway shares and public securities. The Bank was created to be a support to commerce and not an auxiliary of the Bourse. In allusion to the state ment made by the governor of the Bank in his report of January 29th, 1353, that the Bank had advanced the enormous sum of 170 millions during the last three months of 1832 to . preserve the money market from a perturbation with which it appeared to be threatened, M. de Bort expresses his profound conviction that, instead of " protecting the money market," the bank ran the risk of provoking a crisis, and that the public has cause to regret its interference, and that all sound speculative securities would at this moment have commanded higher prices than they do, had the market been left to itself. Bills were yesterday presented for the conversion of the existing debts of the departments and com munes, and for the concession of the thermal estab lishment of Vichy to a company, with a view to its extension and improvement. One of the bills just presented to the Corps Ls. gislatit contains a clause of great importance for which the country is wholly unprepared. It purposes ' to add an article to the civil code, by virtue of which deeds of gift, releases, contracts, leases, &c., will be subjected to new stamp duties. The Journal do Rennes says that several deputise of Bretagne, in conjunction witha powerful companYt are earnestly soliciting the concession of a railway front St. Maio to Nantes. As far as the solicitation goes this is perfectly true, but 1 have reason to be lieve that there is no probability of the railway being made. The Emperor, it is now:positively asserted, in tends to visit La Vendee this summer, and being very uncertain about his reception in that ticklish district, it is very natural, with a view to popularity, that he should not discourage the Brittany repre mentatives from holding out to their constituents the prospect of railway. It is suite clear, however, to those who know the country, that the line paring through a purely agricultural district, inhabited by the most boorish and indolent people in France, hot& out no prospect of being remunerative for many years to come. On the Hennes Canal there la no traffic whatever worth speaking of. The only journal that has a word of comment upon the remarkable note in yesterday's Moniteur is the Assembkk Nationak, which ventures to say It is not possible for us to comment is befitting terms upon this note. We will merely say that it is very onions. It is serious in the first place on account of the project announced, but still mots so from the tendencies which it betr~ays s e.. - When the Emperor sent the ribbon of a commander in the Legion of Honour to Rossini, he wrote a highly complimentary letter, in which he expressed a hope that the great composer would grsttfy him and the world by writing a new opera. Rossini, who since he has reposed upon his laurels, passes for one of the most idle as well as the most independent men in Europe, assured his Majesty in reply that be was only a =laicism "by accident ;" that he had never composed from the love of composition, but for the sake of a livelihood, and that now that he was above the world he desired rest. At the end of his letter, however, Rossini offered to compose a mass for the coronation. The Emperor's answer to this pro- posal is not yet known. We read in the niion: Our letter from Vienna announce that the Count and Countess of Chambord are expected for the fetes to be given in that capital during the rtay of the foreign sovereigns. King Leopold and the Duke of Brabant were to have arrived on the 9:11, and the King of Prussia was expected on the 18th. It is said, but this report requires confirma tion, that King Lis)polirs journey is not unconnected with a projected marriage between the Duke of Brabant and the Archduchess Marie Henriette Anne, born in 1836, daughter of the late Archduke Joseph, Palatine of Hungary. This Prisons is extremely beautiful, and is strinkingly like the immortal Marie Therese. The General of the Jesuits, Father Roothaan, died at Rome on the Bth of May. At the bourse yesterday the previous quotations of the various descriptions of government securities, were steadily maintained. The final quotations were : —For money : Three per Cent,. 81f. 80c.; Four-wid e-Half per Cents., 1041. For the end of tho month : Three per Cents., 82f. • Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 104 f. 30c.; Ban k Stock, 2,725. THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, MAY 16, 1853. In the railway share market there was again much activity, shares being in demand, and generally at an improved quotation. Closing prices :—Northerns, 9.141 f.; Prnd Orjea,ne, 1,120 f.; ..Parioand Stxas bkg, 95 7505; Paris fad , hyonik,ST2f. 50e. ; Pasis alai Ron 1,110 f.; Lyons to tip Mediterranean, MTh 50c. ; Wellern of Penne°, 797 f. 110 o.; Rouen I mo Havre, ; Bordello: and &Us, 673 f. 75c.; Ttigt and• 4berbeurg,64lL flec. ' J PARI9 , atavasui Bvexixo." The 3loniteur of this morning contains an at -mummies*, of n goveroment plea-fee providing population of France with cheap and comfortable houseroom, which, so fat as magnificent promises go, must far-outstrip the wildest dreams of hope. Not only the working classes, but all persons of slender fortune are to be provided with lodgings—healthy, well warmed, lighted and ventilated and supplied with water in abundance--at rents filed at so low a rate as to hold out no temptation to speculators to build the new dwellings. This latter condition might be thought at first sight not very rational, but die objections that occur to one are anticipated by the assurance that the Emperor has met with con tractors who resolutely concur in his views, and that the state—that dumb, patient, impersonal entity—is to contribute to the realisation of the scheme in a proportion not yet intimated. This beats Louis Blanco hollow. The Council-General of Agriculture is convoked to assemble in Paris on the 19th of December next. This ____ Council, crested by a decree of March 29,1831, has not hitherto met, the organisation of the depart mental chambers of agriculture from which the members of the council are selected not having been completed last year. The following account of Ras pail's expulsion from Brussels is given in the Echo du Nord: It appears that M. Respell, who proceeded to Brussels after leaving the prison at Doullens, had only arrived a few days, when he was ordered to quit the country in 24 hours. MM. de Pereeval and Lakin used all their influence with the Minister of Justice to obtain the withdrawal of the order of expulsion, but without success. On learning what had liken place, M. Wain XIV., a member of the Cham ber of Representatives, called on M. Rasped, and took him to his hens.. As the residence of Deputies is inviolable, the order of expulsion cannot be execut ed . After this proceed isig *tithe part of M. Vftain XIV., a Council of Minieters was held, but the decision come to by them hes not trans pitied. • The Emperor, accompanied by M. Fould, the °S eers of his household, and the Count de Niewkerque, Director of Museums, went to-day to inspect tie exhibition of modern artists in the Salle des Menus Moire. The exhibition opens to the public to morrow. It has been delayed much beyond the meal time, owing to the difficulty of finding a beak. The Patrie says that an extraordinary despatch bus Vera Cruz, of the 11th, states that Santa Anna biassed° his triumphal entry into Mexico. A telegraphic despatch from Brussels, dated to day, states that M. de Larochjaquelin has gained bis cause against the Nation. The articles cam *bled of are declared libellous; and that journal is sentenced to pay 3,000 f. damages, and to insert a copy of the judgment in the Paris and Brussels newspapers. The contemptible shuffling of the exposet des motifs of the bill for restoring the punishment of death for political offences is the theme of general conversation to-day. It is remarkable that none of the govern ment journals produce the document, while the Debate and Presse print it in a conspicuous position. Majes b )F ty, upon the arm of the King, and at tended • oysters of Public Works and Foreign Affairs, w k f rom the box to the spot (about 40 yards), and g a spadeful of earth with a silver spade. She then returned in the same manner to her box, partook of refreshments, and, after watching the progress of the workmen for a time, withdrew from the grounds. Benhor Lobo d'Avila, a member 'of the Council of Public Works, a gentleman upon whom the progress of all considerations relative to the railroad has devolved more than upon any other, has, in reply to the diversity of reports, the diversity of opinions, and to the observations of the press itself, semi-officially called upon all persons to suspend their judgment, u negotiations, alterations in the programme, and other arrangements are in progress which will place the railroad in a new light (so he says), and cause a change in public opinion. A report exists that the Bank and government have been in the course of communication—this perhaps may account for their shares having gone up 4 per cent.o.-but it is said their demands are un reasonable. Exchange, 54; discount of notes of the Bank of Lisbon, 2) per cent. SPAIN. A Madrid letter of the 9th says: " As Count de San Luis has refused the portfolio of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, it is said that it will be conferred on M. Galiano, minister at Lisbon. General Nerves: is no longer spoken of for the embassy at Paris, but, it is said, that the Marquis de Viluma, minister at Naples, will obtain it; and that M. Salvador Bur maclez de Castro, brother of the Minister of Finance, will go to the latter city." The Espana warns the public against placing im plicit credit in the telegraphic despatches sent from Madrid by private individuals; and it denies the statements made in two of them received in Paris some days ago, that the meeting of the Cortes has been fixed for July next (the cabinet not having yet, it says, deliberated on the question). ITALY. The New Zwick Geratte mentions that a telegra !cis:patch had been received at Berne from Col. euis, atLusano, in which he states that the troops at ' had been called out, and several arrests made by the authorities. A letter of the 10th from Florence, in the Cor riere Mercantile of Genoa, states that on the 4th Guerrazzi had an attack of cerebral congestion which threatened death; but that, after being bled twice, the most alarming symptoms disappeared. The physicians have expressed an opinion that a second attack may be expected unless the prisoner be allowed fresh air and exercise. —... The report of the committee appointed by the Piedmontese Chamber of Deputies, to consider the bill for a subsidy to the Lombard emigrants, con tains the following declaration, which may be consi dered the substance of it :—" The difference with Austria does not admit on our part of any other solu tion save the pure and simple revocation of the seques tration." GERMANY. To-day the members of both chambers assembled according to royal command in the White Hall, to hear from the Minister President the speech closing the parliamentary session. M. Manteuffel passed in review the various measures which had received legislative sanction, beginning with the bill for com mitting to the King the power of nominating the members of the First Chamber, which he qualified as an act calculated to consolida te the national insti tutions. The abolition of article 105 of the constitu tion would, he said, permit tho communal law to be based upon conservative principles. The institution of a political court of justice had become a necessity, in order to check the bad passions of the revolu tionary party. The religions discussions now agitat ing the public mind were, doubtless, regretable t but would, however, have the advantage of proving that the government is fully resolved to maintain reli gions liberty. PORTUGAL. The Oriental Company's steam-packet Iberia has arrived at Southampton and landed her mails, under the charge of Lieutenant Dennehy, RN., Admiralty agent. Her dates are—Gibraltar, 4th May ; Cadiz, sth May ; Lisbon, 9th May ; Oporto, 10th May; Vigo, 10th May. Our correspondent writes : LISBON, MAT 9. The first sod of the Lisbon and Spanish frontier railway line was tuned on the 7th inst., in the presence of the Queen, and according to a pro gramme prepared in the office of Public Works. In taking this step the directors have sought to forestal the approval of the Cortes in a manner which has not been well received. When the Chamber of Peers was invited to assist at the ceremony, Viscount Laborim expressed not only his dissatisfaction with the measure, but of the proceeding to its first act, without the preliminary approbation of the Cortes and the duly legal forms ; and the Miniater of the Interior explained that all the acts of the company were at their own risk, and without any claim to indemnity, in case the Cortes should not approve, or the company be unable to proceed with awl under taking. The spot chosen (by consent of its owner) for the operation was about two miles eastward of Lisbon, on the elevated ground of a Quints. A long booth had been erected, divided into compartments, the centre being the royal box, the seats in the right and left ones the localities of the Chambers of Peers and Deputies, a division for distinguished foreigners, and the remainder (two boxes on each side) having seats for the accommodation of ladies only. All the compartments were filled to excess, while the spaces around the enclosure were occupied by a much larger concourse of people than might have been expected. The Queen, who arrived under the usual congratulatory discharges of rockets, having been conducted to her box, viewed the scone with much attention, and, after it was duly explained, her AMERICA. LIVERPOOL, SATCD.DAY. Early this afternoon the British and North American royal mail steamship Arabia, Captain H. Judkins, arrived in the river front New York, with advice. from that port to the 4th inst., with 144 passengers (amongs t whom were his Royal Highness the Prince de ied and suite, of Germany, and Count de Pedrosa and lady, of Havanna), and 201,717 dollars in specie on freight. Her mails arrived in chugs of Lieut. J. Grant Raymond, RS., Admiralty agent. The Arabia has made a capital run across the Atlantic, having left New York at 12.32 p.m. on the 4th, and arriving in this river at 3.43 p.m ; her mean steaming time being 9 days, 22 hours, and 26 minutes, including one hoar detained by the falling overboard of a pas senger. The Baltic arrived at New York on the Ist inst., and the Asia was passed off Sandy Hook 70 miles, on the evening of the 4th inst. On the morning of the 13th a melancholy occur rence took place on board the Arabia. One of the chief cabin passengers, Mr. Henry Seldon, who had been noticed in low spirits for some days previous, leaped overboard at 8.40 a.m., and was drowned. Immediately on the rash act being discovered, a life , buoy was thrown over, the ship stopped, and a boat lowered, which returned alongside at 9, with the body of the unfortunate man, life being extinct. He was an Englishman, and, for several years past, a re sident in the United States; and had lately become a partner in a respectable firm at New York. He was possessed of letters of credit upon England for 40,000 dole. It is stated that he was a married man with a family. It appears that Governor Lane's proceedings at Mexico has been received with disapprobation by General Pierce and his cabinet. Upon this subject the New York 11-ibune remarks : Governor Lane has made an aggressive demonstration under circumstances which aggravate its every aspect. He is the agent of a superseded Administration, on the point of being himself superseded in his turn. In common decency, he should have solicited aad waited instructions from the new President before undertaking to settle by force a boundary dispute—and settle it too, in opposition to the award of our own Boundary Commissioner. The Governor, we doubt not, has resolved to make a flying leap from the most conservative whiggery to the most progressive and plundering democracy, and this is his first saltatory experiment. We wish hint joy of its success. It must not be forgotten that whatever mischief may grow out of this Boundary difficulty, the Senate of the Uunited States early volunteered to be a leading party. Mr. Bartlett was going steadily forward in the determina tion and demarcation of the boundary prescribed by the treaty of 1848, until the Senate, on motion of Mr. Mason of Vs., sad by nearly a party vote, peremptorily stopped him and broke up the s y, on the assertion of one of his sub ordinates that be had conceded too much to Mexico in the matter of this Manila Valley. Had he been asked or per mitted to explain and defend his conduct, the affair would have worn a different aspect ; but he was condemned with 3nt inquiry and executed without trial, in violation of our national compact with Mexico to prosecute the survey to a close without delay or interruption. Should a hostile colli sion result from this breach of faith, let the blame rest on the shoulders that ought to beer it. _ _ _ The caloric ship Ericsson is now lying at her dock in Williamsburfh. Important alterations are going on in her machinery, which the owners are confident will considerably increase her speed. She is to be ready to sail for London, on her first passenger trip, soon after the Ist of July, at which time the improve ments now going on will be completed, and she will be in order throughout. Captain Ericsson and some of the principal owners will go out in her to Europe. She can accommodate about two hundred passengers. A slight shock of earthquake was experienced in different parts of Washington on the 3rd inst., last ing but a few moments—causing perceptible vibra tions of buildings. The Proridence Journal states upon high authority that the King of the Sandwich Islands has made another strong appeal to the government of the United States for protection against the designs of France, which clearly threaten the subjugation of his dominions. _ _ From Mexico we learn that Santa Anna arrived in that city on the 17th of April, and was received with great rejoicings, firing of cannon, illuminations, &c. His reception all along the road from Vera Cruz to the capital was most enthusiastic, triumphal arches being erected in the different towns ,• the inhabitants firing cannons, ringing bells, and indulging in other demonstrations of joy. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. Now YORK Mix 4. The money market was rather tighter. The isles at the Stock Board were heavier te-dey than usual, but no im provement visible in prices. Sales at the First Board : Ro , chaster and Syracuse Railroad, 160 ; Michigan Central Railroad, 1143; Indiana State Five per Cents., 98; Ohio Six per Cents., of 1860, 108 to 1086. Few Bank Shares or State Stocks are brought into the market. Bill' on London closed at 96 to 91 for backers' signatures, and 1081 to 1093 for good commercial biW ; Pans 5.131 to 5.15 ; Amsterdam, 41 to 416 ; Frankfort. 406 to 406 ; Bremen, 796 to 791; Hamburg, 366 to 361; Antwerp, 5.15 to 6.171 ; Prussian Thaler., '716. Cortorr.—The market closed on the 29th tilt., as re ported per Arctic, with an active demand at steady prices. On the 30th, 800 iles were sold, without change. Yester day morning (2nd inst.) the Baltic's letters of 20th nit. came to hand, end their general tenor caused great die-' appointment. The decline advised, it is true, was trifling, and scarcely quotable, but it excited surprise here, that Liverpool merchants should have accepted the opinions as to the extent of crop of a few disappointed par ties, and suffered them to influence their action, when facts, namely figures, chewing a rapid decrease both in re ceipts at the ports and exports to Great Britain, which each succediug steamer hence has substantiated, were re sented to them to sustain and confirm the opinions advised of a moderate crop, from their own agents and correspon dents in almost every section of the cotton growing districts of the United States. FLova.-Flour nominal, 4 dole. to 4 dole. 121 c. ; unin spected, No. 2, 4 dole. 25c. to 4 dole. 371 c.; ordinary to favourite state, 4 dole. 6210. to 4 dole. 75e. ; mixed to fancy Michigan and Indiana, 4 dole. 75c. to 5 dole. ; common to good Ohio, 4 dole. 75c. to 6 dols.; fancy to extra Obio and Genessee, 6 dole. to 6 doll. ; Canadian in bond, 4 dole. 75e. to 4 dole. sue ; Alexandria, Baltimore, and Georgetown, 6 dot.. 121 e. to 5 dots. 3710. ; fancy and extra do., 5 dole. 60e. to 6 doll. ; Richmond city, Haxall, and Gallego, 6 dots. ; rye flour, 3 doll. 75c. to 3 dots. 871 e. ; corn meal, 3 dolls. to 3 dole. 3710. 0111114.-Winat, Ohio red, for 601 be., 112 e. to 116 c. ; do. do. white do, 122 e. to 1210. ; do. do. Michigan do., 122 c. to 124 c.; do. do. Genesee do., 126 c. to 130 e. ; do. Canadian in bond, 112 c. to 115 c. ; rye per 561b5., 90e. to 91e. ; barley per 481b1., 610. to 70e. ; oats (state and western), 43c. to 46c. ; corn, 'south, white, per 56th.., 63e. to 65e. ; do. do. yellow do., 67c. to 68e. ; do. Jersey do. do., 66c. to 670. ; do. do. and northern white, 63c. to 64c. FREIGHT/1.-Engagements were light, and rates favoured shippers; 100 bales compressed cotton were engaged at 9 32d., and 200 boxes bacon at 2.51. Flour was at 2s. 3d., and grain in ship's bags was last taken at 6d. To London, 10,000 lbs. ginger were engaged at id., and 600 barrels tur pentine at 3e. 6d. To Glasgow, some flour was engaged on private terms, and 60 tons bark at 371.64. EARLY WiNveas.—l heard it mentioned, when in St. Petersburg very lately, that they have never had so early a commencement of winter u this lut year since the French ware at Moscow. I find in accounts of the war that the winter commenced then (1812) on November 7, N.B , with deep snow. Last year (1852) it commenced at St. Petersburg en October 16, N.S., as noted in my diary, with snow, which has remained on the ground ever since, accom panied at times with very severe frost. Query ; Can Nov. 7, N. 8., be the correct date ? If it is, this last winter's com mencement must be unprecedented ; as I have always heard it remarked that thu winter began unusually early the year the French were at Moscow. I may mention as a note, that by the last accounts from Ramie, they say the ice in the Gulf of Finland was four and a half feet thick.-3. S. A. —Netts and Queries. INDIA-. AND CHINA. THE OVERLAND MAIL. IVs have received by Special Express our de spatches from India and China, in anticipation of the Overland Mail. The dates are, Bombay, April 14 ; Madras, April 11 ; Calcutta, April 7 ; Colombo, April 12 ; Hong Kong, March 28. On the 19th of March, Sir John Cheape, with a force of 1,500 men from Prome, captured, after severe resistance, the principal stronghold of Mea Toon—the robber-chief himself escaped. We had two officers, and sixteen men killed, eleven officers and seventy-nine men wounded. By the latest dates the robbers were said to be hemmed in and at our mercy, the chief himself was said to have been killed by a shell. The deputation from Ave was ex pected at Promo on the 25th. There have been some slight disturbances on the Pun jaub frontier. India otherwise is tranquil. A frightful hurricane occurred on the Madras coast on the 27th and 28th of March, in which nearly twenty square rigged vessels and nearly twice this number of native craft are supposed to have been wrecked or lost. Considerable surprise was occasioned by the intimation received last mail that Lord Falkland was to __ be continued another year as Governor of Bom bay; Mr. Jonathan Duncan and Mountatuart Elphin stone being the only governors who have had more than five years allowed them for the past century. Money market easy. The following is the summary of the Bombay Times : Our last intelligence from Burmah extended from the 22nd of February to the 10th of March. and our dates now come down to the 23rd idem. Sir John Cheape having . marched out from Prome with a force of 1,300 men in quest of the robber chief MeaToon, came in front of his principal stronghold on the 19th—the enemy were numerous and strongly posted; their resistance was determined and pro tracted; the loss on both sides was severe. Mes 'loon unfortunately escaped. Operations commenced at nine a.m., and lasted four hours. We had 18 killed and 84 wounded; amongst the former were Lieut. Taylor and Ensign Boileau, amongst the latter Majors Wigston Reid, and Armstrong, Lieutenants Cock burn, Rawlins, Wilkinson, Clarke, Woodwight, th, and Trevor, and Ensign Woolley. No par beyond this have since been received, but it was generally believed at Rangoon that the robbers were hemmed in and at our mercy, and that the chief had been killed by the bursting of a shell. General Steele's force were by our latest advice. at Toonghou, and Major Bogle was busily engaged in laying off the boundary line of our territory. Capt. Phayre had left Rangoon for Prome, where tho de putation from Ave was expected about the 25th. We are very imperfectly informed as to the state of affairs at the Burmese capital and as to which of the parties are at present in the ascendant. There have been considerable disturbances of late on the north western frontier of the Punjaub, and a force has been sent out to chastise and repel the marauders. The Bahwulpore revolution appears likely to settle down peaceably. The Nizam's country seems to be in that eminently unsatisfac tory condition in which it has been for years. India generally is gradual. At the Presidencies, consider able excitement prevails on the subject of the charter discussions, and the natives on the whole are grati fied by the attention that has been bestowed on their representations, but bitterly disappointed that in spite of these and in want of information on the sub ject, ministers seem determined to pass the act as it now stands. The month of March closed with a tre mendous hurricane in the southern part of the Bay of Bengal and all over South Western India. It com menced on the 26th, and travelled across the country towards Ceylon, throwing off a branch to westward. At Madras, the ship Serampore, 873 tons; the Abou kir, 816; the Lutchimi, 432; and Portuguese brig Nana Senhora De Monte, with five native brigs and tea boats, were wrecked, six boats foundered. At Pondicherry five French vessels were stranded. At Negapatam the brig Jupiter went down at her anchors, another brig was wrecked a little to the southward. Several vessels were lost off Ceylon, and a number of native boats were wrecked to the north ward on the Malabar coast. Traces of the gale were clearly discernible at Bombay, four hundred miles at least from the nearest boundary of the region over which it prevailed in its violence, and rain and squalls occurred as far north as Deem. A full account of the mischief occasioned by it can scarcely yet be made up. The Bombay Railway opens for general traffic on Mon day, the 18th inst., and the directors have resolved to run a monster train to Tanna on the 16th with an invited varty. There will be no further formal de monstration at the opening, the authorities not having thought it worth while to remain at the pre sidency to celebrate one of the most important events that ever occurred in the history of India. The Governor and Commander-in-Chief with their re spective suites are at Mahableahwar ; the Governor- General and Governor of Madras are at the presi dencies. The Commander-in-Chief of India will by this time have reached Simla, and will, we presume, spend the ensuing, as he spent the last, summer in Tibet. Letters have been received by the last mail intimating that Lord Falkland is to be continued for another year as Governor of Bombay. Since the despatch of last mail. the correspondence betwixt the government, the Budder Judges, and the Advocate-General, has been published, and the conduct [of the authorities appears worse and worse from each additional light that is thrown upon it. The grounds of Mr. Grant's removal remain as dark as ever ; the Gazette, on whose accusations the measure of government appears to have been based, acknowledges that at the time the paper teemed with abuse of the Budder court, the editor " had never so much as heard them charged with partiality, much less corruption, and entertained for them consideration and respect," and there is no reason to suppose the present imputa tions lees creatures of the imagination than the pre vious ones are confessed to have been. On referring to the printed papers of Mr. Luard it will be seen that the attacks of the Gazette on the members of tho civil service are confined to the parties he assails, and that the loves and hates of the Bombay journalist and ex -judge of Surat are the same. Mr. Grant states, that he had before repeatedly applied to government, 4 ' pressing them to call on Mr. Luard to bring for- I ward charges against him. This government de clined, expressing their entire disbelief of the elan den published on himself and brother judges, as was believed by a brother civilian. Government stated , as the ground of the dismissal that libellous charges had been brought against the judges, of which the Advocate General stated that it would be impossible for them to clear themselves by criminal informa tion in a court of law. Mr. Le Geyt, having taken the opinion of two of the ablest members of the Bombay bar, they both stated that he had not been sufficiently slandered to get into a court at at—that the charges were against the S udder bench in gene ral, and could not be brought home to himself in par ticular, and that the opportunity he would other wise have had of clearing himself was thus lost to him from not having been adequately abased. His removal then, it would appear, is due, not to his having been maligned or to his being unable to clear himself in court, but to his not having been maligned enough so as to get into court at all. A rumour, and rather more than a rumour, of a very disagree able complexion is gaining ground ,which, tt true, will cover the Bombay government with shame, scorn, and contempt. It was broadly hinted in an article headed " Communicated " in the Bombay Times of the - ith ultimo, that the real cause of the removal of Messrs. Le Geyt and Grant from the Sadder Bench was a very different one from that assigned in Mr. Secretary Lunuiden's letter of the 4th of March, and that those gentlemen in truth and fact owed their deposal to their own plain dealing with the eases which came before them in appeal, and the freedom with which they censured the 'Mofussil au thorities for official errors and misconduct, and the open manner in which defects and mistakes were pointed out and corrected. Of course, if this be a true picture of the case, the judicial power in India must be taken from the exe cutive government. Here is a case which, before any tribunal, must be fatal to the longer continuance of • s judicial system under an Indian government, and if it is established against them before parliament, their conviction will be followed by a change of aye tear, and the advocates for things as they are will 130 heard of no more. While then is some diversity of opinion as to the merits or demerits of the judges, the newspapers are perfectly unanimous as to the ettreme misconduct of goverament, which now finds scarcely one single defender. A severe rebuke is ad ministered to them by Mr. Reid, for some time senior member of council under Lord Kilkl.ind, iu his reply to the attacks made on him iu the Daily Sews. lie states that during his residence in India „ he had ever held the freest intercourse with the nativ es , before the fear of libutput (secret influence) had raised a barrier betwixt the governors and the go verned :" clearly alluding to the circular of last year, specifically forbidding the course which he and other distinguished civilians, on the strong recommendation of Sir Johu Malcolm, had pursued. The occurrence of the Sadder Judge discussion at the present june ture must be deemed auspicious by all Indian re formers, whatever may be their views of the merits of those who are parties to it. A parliamentary paper has just been received i s reference to the affairs of Ceylon, from which it appears that the inquiry connected with Lord Tor rington's administration had cost the State some 8,0001. The Baroda and other investigations, which have occurred since 18.50 in connexion with the pre sent Bombay administration, will probably coat not much under a similar sum. Granting that the justi. fication of the two noblemen in question shall have been made out by these means, could not governors be found for our colonial possessions whose recti tude might be assumed, or, if called in question, might be established on somewhat more economical terms than these? During his term of service, which has, it would appear, in consideration of his merits, been extended for another year, Lord Falk land; will have cost the country above 120,0001. for doing nothing. It is rather hard that the Treasury should be taxed to the extent of sonic 8,0004 more to show that he has attempted nothing so bad that it may not be justified by the favour of the secret committee. Yet this is a state of things to the continuance of which the committees of par liament declare themselves favourable. Mr. Luard has declined to inform! government whether he be or not the author of the letter bearing his name, which we published with some observations on the 14th March, in which he stated his readiness to con vict the Hon. Mr. 8011, member of council, and Mr. Simeon, Mint Master, both formerly judges in tho Sudder Adawlut, of gross misconduct ; but he recom mends government to proceed as they have already done—put the case into the hands of the Advocate General, and, if the gentlemen in question cannot clear themselves, dismiss them as Messrs. Le Geyt and Grant have been dismissed. In place of acting consistently and impartially, govern ment suspend Mr. Luard for six months from pay and allowances, that is, they im pose on him a rine of two thousand pounds, and there they stop. The intelligence received by last mail, that ministers had determined to pass the Charter Act almost unaltered, before a traction of the evi dence required on the subject had been taken, and that Lord Aberdeen was atraid to pass the bill for one year only, for fear of exciting or protracting agitation in India, has produced a somewhat dit terent effect from what was expected. It was said that had the I)uke of Wellington conceded, in 1030, the enfranchisement of Manchester and disfranchise. ment of Gatton and Old Sarum, the reform discus. sions, with their turbulent concomitants and con sequents, would have been averted; and had the Aberdeen ministry granted the exceedingly simple and safe reforms which all the ablest servants of the East India Company declare most desirable, the present agitation in India, such as it is, would have been silenced at once, and the people of Hindoostan have been content with any concession, however small, which promised to advantage the country. They have at present not the most remote dream of sharing in the councils of the nation, or taking any part in the administration of go vernment ; they desire more and better roads, more attention to the education of the people, a larger share fur themselves in those subordi nate appointments for which Wellington, Bentinck, Munro, Elphinstone, Clerk, and all the illustrious men connected with India, have pronounced them qualified; a modification of that cumbrous system of administration which takes five years to answer a letter, and seventeen to commence a work after it has been resolved upon, an extinction of those monstrous boards which retard business at a charge of a quarter of a million annually, and the abolition of the three sinecure councillorships, which cost 22,0001. a year, while some of those who hold them rarely enter the council-room, and are fit for nothing but mischief when there. An improvement, which all men admit to be indispensable—and no man more than Lord Campbell—in our present judicial system, and an ex tinction of the civil service monopoly, so far as those offices are concerned, the duties of which may be better performed by men from home at one-third the charge; and in this catalogue is comprised the bulk of their present wants. The remedy is in the hands of ministers. If such an inquiry is permitted, and such a bill conceded as to meet the views of some of the ablest men who have served in India, the natives will be content, and settle down in quietude at once ; perfectly willing to submit themselves to the administration of the people of England, if they would only once set themselves to the task of governing India for the general good, in place of for the advantage of the monopolisers of public patronage. If it shall be shown that Use ministry are determined to resist all im provements, however moderate and rational, ques tions that are now secular will become religious. It has now become known that the Governor-Gene ral, under instructions from home, will permit no relief to the Indian newspapers in matter of postage, beyond the third taken off for distances exceeding four hundred miles; for all distances short of this, papers are to pay threepence as at present, or for a daily paper close on 0/. annually, a third more than the price of the paper itself ; the charges on English papers are to be doubled. This is retrogressive reform with a vengeance; condemning Indian newspapers to that local cast of discussion which is generally made their reproach, while English news papers are virtually excluded from India just at the time when salutary reading, such as they supply, Is allowed to be most needed. We have only to take another step, when it may be made, as it formerly was, penal to reprint debases in parliament on Indian affairs, unless, indeed, the same end be supposed an swered by excluding English journals, while the dimension of those of India are kept by the Pest office regulations such as to deprive them of space for such a purpose. We understand that Lieutenant-Colonels Ilennell and Duff have applied for the bonus from the Retiring Fund; but, owing to the distressed state of the finances of that in stitution, arising from the great arrears of subscriptions of the members, many of whom are of the senior grades, it is doubtful whether these steps may not be lost to the infantry. Consequent upon Brigadier-General Robertson" &pm tura from India, the following changes are likely to take place:—Brigadier Stalker, C. 8., to the command of a divi sion with the rank of Brigadier-General; Colonel Wood burn, C. 8., will become a Brigadier on the establishment, and Lieutenant-Colonel Cracklow will succeed to the tem porary command of a Brigade. The Commander-in-Chief left the Presidency yesterday morning for the Hills on a tour of inspection, which will in his case cease to be the mockery it has for the past ten years proverbially been. His Excellency will, we presume, spend the hot weather at Mahableshwnr, and so severe is the shock his constitution has received from his over exertions on his arrival before he could be convinced of the dangers of the climate, that his medical advisers will not in all likelihood suttee him further to expose himself until • more fitting season for out of door movement sets in. He will then proceed through the principal out-stations, and carry his original plans into effect of visiting all our great military posts. Brigadier-General Robertson, lately in command of the &lade division of the army, returns to England by this day's steamer, and does nor, we-believe, at pre sent purpose to come back again to India; —he entered the service in 1806 ; was promoted to ensign 12th September, 1807 ; lieutenant Ist October, 1813 ; cap tain 26th Februa, 1822; Major 16th December, 1829; lieut.-colonel 25th July, 1836; brevet colonel 9th Novem ber, 1846; colonel, 28th February, 1848. General Robert son went through the Mabratta war of 1817-18, and has received the medal of India. He has commanded every division, nearly every brigade and station, and nine different regiments of the Bombay army. During the whole of his lengthened period of service he has never once been visited with the displeasure of government. He has ever been an assiduous, kind-hearted, and estimable officer, esteemed and respected wherever he has been known. It is with deep regret that we have to announce the death of Dr. Watkins, civil surgeon, and formerly garrison sur geon to the presidency. The melancholy event took place at his house in Breach Candy, on the morning of Saturday the 2nd. Dr. Watkins was in extensive private practice, and intimately known to a very large number of the mem bers of the community. He was a man of considerable lability and great good sense ; of large and varied acquire , menta, sterling uprightness, and much warmth of heart. Eminently skilled in his profession, he was, what might he termed, is remarkably satisfactory medical visitor; his patients fel that ha vial, and oas—thst I of things, ae tallies, rad bringing nb e entertained love anti ati , removal in ness occasito had been to a fortnight: the possitu sideney ; I dangerou which has r astonishmet has four chi married the bereaved a r i a ge—oa e old. Pr: •V iery during ist° undo and captor We hex a deductio that thouk Low's pro each purti proof of Wolk to po sed mea . am. Team is compreho by his susi motive. with a fal pose to hi tue in the day, that General's an active would ha' the earryi entire sus Here that meat that and altog will of CI wisdom The nt come COn Governor opinion ie in adverti and the 1 Ternment flict in nr The F worse co has aftiru take this his lo: dal deeds of state:of do not q, corts froi March 31 We be milet lin break rci the Ilui down on G awe ] and carr were kil A small Punjaub immedia and left, a suitab given, tt the hills, We at comman Indus, h Sheoran good ow made th Captain some of to be set be done style. Khan, o and hn ments, quisite ranee H some is two gut commits a force, good rc down I with in to the 1 that is should and tL lievini Lily 'Jul At and i foreii An I grog hae, p irat hold an xi hanc TI staff port and subj