The Express. — London, England, 1851-10-28 00:00:00

KOSSUTH. SOUTHAMPTON, MONDAY. The principal topic of conversation here to-day is the wonderful speech of M. Kossuth at the Mayor of South ampton's. The mode of delivery, the matter, and the en- mlicace of the Luglisle, are equally the subjecM of corn- ' plimintary comment, and the general impression is that the most remarkable man of the century has come amongst us. His wonderful power in 'Mined:ins men's minds is illus.- i tented by the revulsion of feeling which the moderation of his sentiments has produced among the intelligent conser va4ses, a large and influential section of the town popula tion They had expected a red republican, or something of that sent, and arc quite in extacies at finding a man who utters the most constitutional sentiments, and who only seeks to restore institution, 800 years old. The demand for tickets for the banquet has risen to an unpre cedented extent, and the dimensions of the room are com plained of as insufficient tor the occasion. Mr. Law rence, the American minister, has arrived at Mr. Deacon's, the town clerk's, accompanied by soother distin guished Anierican, Mr. Walker, late secretary to the States Treasury. The public will recollect this gentleman, from the eulogized of Sir It. Peel, that " he was one of the ablest men in America." M. Ktomth himself left this morning for London, to consult his physician, as his health has some what 'uttered froin his captat ay. lle will probably rttura to-night, and to-morrow will have a bu,y day recessing ad dresses Irma all parts of the kingdom. So numerous are the dtputatious, that it has leen arranged to despatch a incrust train from town at let o'clock a.m. with the ad dresses, and the: gentlemen entrusted with their presents time. Something like a public entry into the town in spoken of, hut until M. Kussuth's return nothing can be settled. thacral Klapka and Count Alexander Teleki, the latter a relative of Crinee Albert, visited Kossuth at Winchester. Tha following distinguished foreigners, friends of Ku,- euth, hare been invited by the Southampton corporation to the banquet, to meet their disaueuislied and liberated chief :—Deorrols Valles!, Klapka, Vies; Colonels bethled, Tbaly ; Counts Vay, Kareesay, Teleki; Llama Kemeny ; Mesas l'ulsky, ltecuvieb, Waguich, and Ourowe. THE PROPOSED DEMONSTRATION AND BANQUET DECLINED. of the Central The meeting in lan night, at 10, Sunthazupteipstreet, Strand, was very fully attended. Mr. silionitun llunt, on taking the chair, informed the committer that au answer to their imitation had arrived. Ile made • few Remarks upon She position at press nt occupied by Kossuth, awl recommend:it the committee to pay entire deference to the wi.iies of the great Hungarian, and concluded by reading the answer of Kossuth, as follows : Witsehe , ster, Oct. 25. the arguments ye? tilt- " Dear Sir, doted, 1 am cum yelled with deep; regret to persist in declin ing the proposed banquet, which my sincere gratitude and resist et for those who propose this to honour we would have girt n me so much pleasure in accepting, but which 1 must d, cline, on the broad principle of nut accepting any similar demonstration which might subject me to the impu tation of having mixed with any party whatever, or any party quertion whatever, in this country—a connexion which, notwithstanding any disinclination ur disavowal on the part of the mover of that demonstration, or un my own, would nut tail to be construed, by makvolence, into an Wl seemly interference in the domestic concerns of a eoun•ry not my own, and which ha , so generously afforded me pro. tcetion and hospitality. On this account 1 have found it necomury to decline all invitations of this nature, unless from corporate bodies, which, from their nature, arc sup posed nut to represent any party. In conclusion, I mug beg leave debt 'ly to acquaint you, that it would be most ogreoable and con velaent to me to receive the ad dress, by which you inform me the working da►ses propose to honour me, at nay own residence, the day following that on which I receive the address from the London Corpora tion.-1 am, dear sir, your very obedient servant, To Thornton Hunt, Esq." L. KOSSUTH. The following is the reply which Kossuth has sent to the th tirtuan ut the meeting ut Glusguw who Toted the great Magyar an address, awl which address was presented to Kossuth by the Mayor of &tatlttuoittuu. The address has already appeared iu our column,. "Winchester, Oct. 25. " Sir,—l have the honour to acknowledge with many thanks the receipt of an address lately adopted by a public meeting of the cativo:us of Ulsogow, of which you were chairman. I beg you to accept penonally, and to convey to your fellow cilium., the expressional* my warm appreciation Meth of the personal kindness you express and of the distin guished public spirit which characterises your nildress. It is with peen liar satisfaction that I notice the st fess more than once emphatically laid by you upon the martyrdom which liberty ha+ guttered through the incursion of the hordes of Russia into a land which has succeeded through many ages in maint • • g her free institutions against those who have attacked limns. It is too true, indeed, that it is to the in terference of floc is that Hungary owes the condition in which she now lin& hi ; but I nail your allusion to the Voice in the west,' a. an earnest that no intervention of any foreign power, so unjuditi able and dangerous to the dearest intureots of all Ote states, will on any future UCCr sion be permitted by your itution—a nation so deeply int. r sated in tin: ma:Men:ice ot free institutions. You allude to myownetfurts iu the pad, and to the future, which lies before my country. In what I have done, I have striven to fulfil the duties which devolved upon me, so far us my powers enabled me to de. For the future, I look to it with hope, with a sure confideme. My countrymen have learned the value of the institution% which they have inherited through centuries, and which have he; n extended within late years to every cha and race within the flown:. of Hungary. The insti tutions which all have thus learned to 'COW', and the whole body of my countrymen is ready to re-assert, and the time will not be lung, I trust, haute the hour for that re-asser tion shall come. ..... " 1 have the honour to be, Sir, with every sentiment of coaridrrAt Wn, s our obedicut .enact, L. KOSSI:TII." The following w the reply which Koaviith has sent to the ehairman of the nu vtiitir at Station' which voted an whim. to the IlungariAn leader, and which address was presented to Kossuth by the 1-tyt.ir of b‘tuthanapton. This address has also appeared in our colutnua. M - inebester Oct. 25 . _ . " Sir,—l take the earliest opportunity of acknowledging, through von, the whirs-se which the inhabitants of the town and neighbourhood of StallOrd have dune me the honour of presenting to me, adopted ut a public meeting held in that town on the Bth Ssisterub,r, and signed by yoursell as chairman. It is with feelings of (1 hope) a gencruua pride that I acknowledge the truth ut the testimony you bear to the achi,vament, of my countrymen in the late struggle—a struggle in which we wile successful until Cie iuterveutiuu MOW of the great powers of Europe took place in a manner alike unexpetted by us, and dangerous us a precedent to all those nations which cherish Inc institutions, and are pre panal to rely on their own elf iris to maintain them. 1 feel also that it is a trust which it is of the highest importance sh'uhl he recognised, that in succumbing 44 our country has done to the intervention of Huseta, we have fallen 'martyrs to the cause of Europe.' No free nation cm do °themes" than hare it leered upon its attention by tins events that have now become a part of history, that if the institutions which it enjoys are to be maintained against danger of attack, it must actively pronounce itself ageinst the recurrence of such interventions so that to which Hun gary has fallen for the time a victim. We struggled for no vague ideas, we were unwithagly forced to take up arms to defend for ourselves and fur our children, against aggression and annihilation, those institutions and those liberties which our laths ci have inherited and main tained and handed over to as through many centuries and the adaautagcs of which we had already succeeded in ex tending is a peaceful and legal manner to the whole body of our countrymen, a circumstance whieba, it has already attached all classes in Iluii4ery to the muse for which we struggled, tills me with hope that those to whom such insti tutions have thus become justly endeared, will yet hail the day of their country'a restoration to freedom suit indepen dence. I have the honour to he, sir, with every sentiment of maideration,your obedient ~ervast, L. KOSSUTH." A GENER.‘L MIE►:TISI OP THE INHABITANTS Or ?us Hultucuti FiNoIIUSS took plseo list evening at the British Institution, Cowper-street, and agreed ea as address of welcome to Ko-suth, The spacious hall was crew& d to enema, and the proceedings were char.seterised by the utmost euthusiunt and uusnituity. The chair was occupied by 1./r. A CARD FOR EATON PLACE. TO TIIg 1.1:1To.1, pr THE DAILY NIIMS, Stn,-11 is my intention to leave my card at No. taton-place,with the word+ " Wekome to 1.. Kossuth " written upon it. 1 hope to find navel( in a crowd of thou sands. and shall feel obligt d by the assistance of your liberty-Inring types to swell the chants of hearty .ym. jpathy.—Youn mot re.pertfully, A HATER OF EPHEMERAL MENDACITY. Oet. 25,18.11. ELOPEIIITIN—The Waterford Nora contains the following from a sorrerpondent at Dungarean On the evening of the 10th Amt. a quiet and peaceable - • . _ .e ne4hbour „ • boat, not twenty milts from t hi n town, was thrown Coto the deepest melancholy and ttormw on undemanding that o respectable farmer. the sear of lite, had made tanner, turning drapery. :um e his exist to the land of freedom with a young and lovely , waited upon the nun, and gave him Sibs. of gunpowder out fair one, aged about 19 years, leaving a wife and two chit- lof a cask. Ile had scarcely left the shop u-hen the re deem bewailing his loss, and perhaps to end their days in l msinder of the powder exploded, from what cause is not some of the Irish hastiles, smeared and unsought fur. The known. The explosion was followed almost immediately by following is a verbatim copy of a letter which the wile that of two other casks of powder in tlitferent parts of the received on the 10th instant Liverpool, Oct. 13, 1341. house. The force of the explosions was so great as —My dear Margaret,-1 have arrived in Liverpool safe, on Ito entirely destroy the house and shop, Mrs, yd.. board eic Iron Duke, in company with Miss —, alter a grove and her two children being buried in the ruins, y very violent and storm passage of IS hours, destined fur where they were found soon afterwards by the neighbours, the land of freedom. .1 ho yuu arc not angry with me. who had been grimly alarmed by the succession of roports, rat dear Margaret ; as 1 have pe left you as my ' better part' and wire soon attracted to the spot. Mrs. Musgrove was hilvind, 1 trust it will make ample pros Won for its own etf• rescued and carried to the Royal Oak, a public-house oppo• spring. As for my part, as soon ns I a:a united to my site the scene of the catastrophe, where sbe still lies in a young fair one at the other side of the Atlantic, I shall have very dangerous state, and is not expected to recover. The a sweet paradise of my own fur the remainder of my days, two cliddren—a girl aged set en ye,,tv, and fate still younger and 4 , 11 labour most strenuous:S, bi endeavour to please —were both snore or less burnt and bruised. The accident and support her. Ile assured, my dear Margaret, when occurred at half-past six o'clock in the evening, and, as God sends me anything I will not forget you and the Mrs. Musgrue had a candle in her hand at the time, it children. Give my love and best respects to all inquiring was probably caused by • spark falling from it into the friends, and tell them that I will always kindly remember cask. Mr. lusgrove was at Manchester when the explo. them what far away.-1 remain, not yours, dc. • • .'" Si" occ,ared• THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 28, 1851. ST. ALBANS BRIBERY COMMISSION. Yesterday, at the Court-house, St. Albans, the commissioners, F. W. Slade, W. Forsyth, and T. Phinn, Esqrs., appiinted by the act of parliament passed last ses sion, entitled An Act for appointing Commissioners to in- I quire into the existence of Bribery in the Borough of St. Albans," held their first meeting, pursuant to notice, fur the purpose of Fetch inquiry. The time appointed by the commissioners fur the meeting was 11 o'clock, but they did not take their seats uutil after 12. The court was excessively crowded, and the utmost interest in the important and unusreal proceedings was evinced throughout the town and neighbourhood. , Most of the principal inhabitants of St. Albans were ore- I sent ; and among those on the bench, near the commission cry, were the Mayor of St. Albans, and Mr. Dell, the sitting member fur the borough. On the court being opened, Mr. Slade, the commissioner pr. siding, called upon the secretary to the commisston to read aloud the act of parliament under which the commis shiners were acting. This was accordingly done. Mr. Slade then mid it is right at the beginning to state, fur the information of the public, the course which will he adopted. Our inquiry, in the first instauce, will be limited to the proceedings of the last election for this borough only. We have, however, power to inquire into all matters connected with previous elections, almost to an unlimited period. Whether we shall do so or not en tirely depends on circumstances which May be disclosed in the evidence offered in the course of the inquiry into the facts of the last election. Now it is our intention to allow this to be a free and open inquiry, by which 1 mean that all persons conducting themselves pr - perly will be allowed to lie present during the examine dos of witnesses; but it will be obvious to everybody who consir.cre the question for a moment, that it wutild be highly Mexpedieut that the evidence should he printed and published to the world at large. it might affect the cha racters and interests of individuals. it might also be some what lurk-cent, that the evidence on which our report is to be founded should go forth to the public before we have formed our own conclusions on that evidence, and before we have made our report. 1, therefore, think it right testate, on the part of the cocuassioners, that if they find that rule transgreeeeil, which, on their own judgments, they have laid down for their own guidance, and for the guidance of ell parties, they will feel it their duty to conduct the inquiry thenceforth with closed doors. I mean that if it comes to our knowledge that contrary to our expressed desire, coo. veyed through me, parties have thought tit to print and publish the evidence, from day to day, we will feel it our duty, in justice to those panics who arc to be examined hereafter, and is justice to ourselves who are to found our own eunelubioUs on the evidence, to conduct the inquiry with strictly closed doers. 1 myself thiuk it of so much importance that all inquiries of this kind should be full, tree, nod open, that 1 do trust the conduct of parties will no: com pel us to have recourse to holding the inquiry with closed doors. Now, everybody who has paid Otte's thus to the reading of the net of parliament will see that the legislature has conferred very estraurdivary powers on the commission—powers, I believe more exten sive than have ever before been conferred on any other similar commission. They are powers which we, if neces sary, are unquestionably prepared to exercise. But we trust that we will be met on all occasions, hi the course of this investigation, with such a sympathy from all parties interested iu the exposure of bribery at election that it will not become necessary for us to put the extreme pewees entrusted to us into execution. l'arties will observe that it is in the power of the commissioners to com pel their attendance, and the production of all required documents; and, further, that the einninissioners I ave power to compel them to :Wavier all questions touch ing the matters at issue. The penalties attendant upon the refusal to comply with tile orders of the commissioners arc very severe indeed; and t trust it may not be necessary the us to put any of them: penalties in force Parties will also observe that no couwituences of a civil or of a criminal suture cm, by any posiability, attend the disclosure of the truth. Ou the contrary, all parties making a faithful die covery of matters within their knowledge are indemnified from all couvequences, whether of a civil or of a criminal ea. Lure. The commissioners have power to give n certificate of indemnity, which is to be a coLplete answer to any pro ceedings Warn hereafter againA parties giving evidence in Oda inquiry, whether with regard to the last or to the preceding elections. The commissioners arc nowt ready to gite that certificate; and 1 therefore hope that the inquiry will proceed as rapidly and as satisfactorily as possible. Mr. Slade then proceeded to call Mr. Blugg, the town clerk, and examined that gentleman, for the purpose of eliciting the olticiol facts with regard to the boundaries and population of, and number of voters in, the borough of St. Albans. Our reporter, however, feeling bound not to resist the request, however extraordinary, of the cominiasioners, with regard to the publication of reports of the proceedings, closed his note-bk, and withdrew Irons the court when Mr. Slade tiui•hed has address. A St. Alban's correspondent sends " the following results. , of the ei ideate,: bef,re the Court of Inquiry, under the im pression that it is such an one us the court might think proper fur publication :" Mr. Illagg, the town clerk, was sworn and examined re lative to the peculiar character of the constituency of the borough. describing its political features, colours, and prin ciples of its c militates, with the number of the totes pulled pro and run at the last election. . . . . - Messrs. Parrott and Rainiest!, the petitioners before the House of COMMOIIi againd the return of Mr. Bell, were examiued as to the reasons that liminess' them to present the petition, and which they Itlicgtml was with the view of pre venting brim:l.y and curruptiuu, and preserving purity of electinn. One of these gentlemen admitted, amid much amusement, that he voted fur Mr It. W. Carden because that gentleutau belonged to the church of Euglaad. Mr. Jacob Bell, was then examined uu the subject of the meaty advanc,l fur the purposes of the election, 4111 . 4 as to the circumstances under which ho tune forward as a candidate. The that com:nunication he received upon the subject of the election was from Mr. Coppock, the ITiar liamentairy *gent, who scut hint a note telling him he wanted to 'co him particularly respecting a vacancy. Witness saw Mr. Coppock, who told hint the vacancy was at St. Albans, and that if lie became a candidate ho was likely to he returned, and that the expense of it would be about 2,40 u/. Witness expressed himself rather surprised at the largeness of the amount, and wasted to know what it was (r; to which Mr. Coppock replied that there were various veils mow, and a good deal to pay for agents, and that that would be uhout the amount; and he thought he could secure him the election fur that sum of money. No decision, however, was come to in the first interview, and witness told Coppoek he would see hint again. Saw Lim the next day, when the matter was talked over, and witness said the money was no object, but that he himself personally would have nothing to do with ft, but would refer him to other parties. At this period a Mr. Simpson, a solicitor, of St. Alban's, and another, had been in communication with Williem for a like purpose. Witness told Coppock that he would pay the necessary expenses—tho legal expenses. Witness pay referred Cupp°. k to the parties concerning the money, but hesitated to mention names, whereupon The Chairman explained, that he and his learned friends Ind nothing in view beyond eliciting the truth, and that if the witness, being an educated man and member fur the borough, hesitated answering imestions, it would set a bad example to others. Witness, alter score further hesitation, stated, that he aneamunicated with Mr. Brace, solicitor, of Arundel-street, on the subject mutter of the money, and with Mr. Hill (witness's partner), besides emniuunicating with Mr. Coppock, and that he left it culirely to them, Witnese banked at two banks, and at one jointly with his partner, and it was from the joint pat tuership bank that 2,0001. out of the _,.veil. was drawn, and the 0001. be might perhaps have given out of his own pocket. With reference to the election expenses, witness then produced and referred to a parcel of bids, which he hail paid after the election, amounting to 1,110/., and which had been incurred after the presentation of the petition against his return, but he could not say specifically whether the whole of it was in curred for petitioning expenses, or whether some portion of it was fur electioneering expenses. At shortly before five o'clock the commission adjourned until half-past ten o'clock, this day. WHOLESALE CHILD MURDER NEAR NOTTING ave.—No.I7INa MONDAY.—The greatest excitement pervades this district at the present time ice consequence of the discovery yesterday afternoon of two more children in the river 'heat, a mile and a half from this town. A brutal murder of a child took place last week, the body of which WAS found in the rivs r Trent ; and this circumstance, coupled with the present appalling case, has created an ex citement rawly exhibited, Twu youths were walking on the margin of the river Trent, near Wilford, yesterday altvrnoon, when they discovered the bodies of two children in the water. Au alarm was immediately given, and the; were conveyed to Wilford church, there to await the coro ner's investigation. Various bruises were found upon the bodies. It is a shocking fact that within twelve months no less than eight children have been found in and about that vicinity. This state of things has caused the authorities to institute a searching investigation, for the purpose of dis covering the authors of these wholesale murders. We are sorry to state that hitherto no success has attended the efforts of the police. LAMENTABLE ACCIDENT PROM GUNPOWDER NEAR MANcitEtTER.—Ou Friday evening last, a collier walked into a small shop at Pendlehury, near Manchester, to - which pur chase some gunpowder, ... he wanted for blasting. The shlp was kel•t by a person turned Mu•grore, for the sate of drags, _ grocery,. and -ry. Mrs. Musgrove Dili RAMSHAY AND TIIE LIVERPOOL COUNTY COURT. LIVERPOOL, MONDAY Avr►aeoox. Notwithstanding the approaching inquiry before the Earl of Carlisle, at Preston, on the 6th of next month, ' into the conduct of Mr. Itamsbay, the judge of the Liver pool county court, and the memorial from the inhabitants, praying that a substitute should he appointed, or that the judge should not resume his sittings until the enquiry into the allegations against him lad been decided, Mr. Rantshay took his seat or. the bench this morning precisely at twenty five minutes to 10 o'clock, and the ordinary business was iminediately proceeded with. As the morning advanced, the court became exceedingly crowded. In themselves, the eases brought forward were of little interest, but the judge Niel clown an important rule for future guidance. In the case of " Hopkins r. Lasean," for the recovery of a balance of 25., the original debt being 4.. 6.1., the judge said it was neeewary to have some rule with regard to the recovery of small debts. if tradesmen trusted poor people with such small sums, they acted very improperly. The act of parliament under which these courts were constituted was not intended to oppress p.m. people; on the contrary, ho considered that the poor were a class peculiarly under the pro tection of his court. If some general rule were adopted with regard to those small claims, lie thought it would not I interfere with the business of the court, hut prove very useful and beneficial. It occurred to him that this court was nut to be tinned to the purpose of enforcing such very• s um!' debts ; liscause it seemed to him that the costs were v etly disproportionate to the amount sought to be et:- cost-red. lie thought it was really oppressi.e to poor men to have Retinas hn•n:lit against them, and if people gave credit fbr such small amounts, they must take the choice of g. tang them, it they came into this court, with-cut costs. Ile (the Judge) asked what were the costs in this particular ease Mr. Statham, the clerk, said 4s. llal. The ailailatalfsaial he should not have brought the Cate into court, but— The J udge was not making the slightest reflection upon the plaintiff ; on the contrary, he thought he had uetcal very properly. The act of parliament gave him (the J udgt ) a dascreti , aaary ',ewer which he should take care not to abuse. Ile should take care that that discretion was czar eked in a manner which would he satisfactory, and not offensive to the public. The rule which he should adopt would be that in actions for sums under 10 shillings, no casts should be given to the pi:dotal; un:ess specifically granted, or unless it should he an :action by a Irate person to recover wages. lie should nut allow per sons in a respectable sphere of tile, like the plaiwiff, to take the costs out of the pockets of the pour man. It there were di-honcsty or fraud on the part of the de:end:it, he should grant toe Ittailltiff MON. Mr. 11• pkans, tie plaiutilf in the case before the court, said he had received a gross insult from the ticteuslant, who had thrown an apple at him. The Judge add, tlitl that was an exceptional case, and he should give Mr. Hopkins costs. People must be taught to act with civility, and, as long as he nit there, he should endeavour to unto-cc it towards himself and everybody eke• Insults 1.1 this kind lie should always murk by giving eosts ; persms must not be insulted when they asked fur their just debts. The next interruption to the ordinary business woo a corn pl lint on the part of the Judge that the windows of the court • were nut open, for which he tined the court-keeper, John Whiteside, ten shillinxs "for not attending to my orders, rem-au:UV given, on this subject." Having animadverted in severe tows on u case having been brought into court without softie:rot and reasonable cvid. nee, the judge Said —lt is improper to weste the time of the court. In concluding his remarks, the Judge declared his intention to reasonable cs idenec in every ewe. Ile sat there fur that purpose; and any person in town would be just as good a judge so he was himself if he received lucre tittle . tattle. tie told the witness to stand down, mid if lie ilia not prove the case sidi•facturily the next step he took, he j (the Juilg.) should certainly nousuit him. The case must be proved by reasonable valence. ti:une private consuhation then took place with the clerk of the court, and the Judge retired. SEPARATION OF CIICItCII AND STATE. Last night a soiple introductory to the winter operations of the Anti-State Church Association war; held at the London Tavern. There was a large coinpony assembl, d on the occasion. The choir was taken at half past 6 u'elork by Was. EuwaieDS, Ewl., the treasurer of the a.suciation. On the platform were, W. A. Ashurst, Esq. ; Wm. Ed wards, Esq. ; Rev. George Bose ; Edw. Earl. ; Rev. Alex. Good ; Edw. Swaine, Esq.; Wm. Cardillo, E.g.; J M. Webb, Esq.; Rev. E. S. I'ryee, of Gravesend; W. Everest, Kal., of Rochester • Jno. Kingsley, Esq.; vidsun ' E-q., of Gravesend ; ' Rev. J. Dewey ; Josh. Barrett, Esq.; Dr. Oxley; Rev. W. Stallebrase ; J. Carvell Wil liams E-q.; J. F. Boutems, Esq., of Kernel Hempstead; and 1. Betsey, Eat., of Rochester. The ell AIRMAN, in opening the business of the evening said that the society in commencing its operations for the present winter, bad entered upon the eighth year of its existence. (Hear, hear.) They had peeved their apprentice. ship, and hail no reason to lie dissatisfied with the result. (Hear, hear.) The number of their friends and supporters had greatly incr. used throughout the country,and they had obtained a satisfactory addition to their funile. (Hear) During Br past year a considerable amount had been raise,' for conference expen.ea, and also for the formation of a fund to he applied to the meeting of the charges incidental to the publication of a series ut literary works calculated to promote the objects of the association. They had great difficulties to contend with, but on the whole they had au, raw-on to be disaati-fied with their present position. They had every reason to be thankful to u number of their friends who hart p. nernusly come forward with .ontributions is aid of the publication fund. They had received 1,200/. for that fund, but they still wanted a further mint to rake the amount to 2,0 sd., in order that the work might be satisfae tardy carried out. Ile trusted that they would use their best endeavours for this purpose. (Hear, heir.) The SECRETARY then read the report, from which it appeared that the association were about to send emissaries immediately into various pats of the country for the propa gation of their ebutrines. They had received during the past year about 1,2501. for the publication fund—that wan to say, the publication of a &erica of literary works eat• eULlteli to disseminate their views of ecclesiastical policy. But they felt it extremely desirable that the contributions for that purpose should be raised before the end of the year to a suns of 2,000/. The executive committee believed that the present WAS a most favourable period fur the propaga tion of !heir doctrines, becowee the people of this country had of late become peculiarly &love to the evils and abuses of a connexion between church and state, in consequence of certain revelations, which showed that the canker of worldliness had amid,' fatal inroad,' upon the established church. . . . Most of the gentlemen above named having spoken in advocacy of the views Of the aoeciation, The Itev. ALEXANDER Goon peopoded, and the lie.. Mr, eItOCIL seconded, a vote of thanks to the chairman, which terminated the pruceediugs. THE CUBAN EXPEDITION.—The New York cor respondent of a mornint paper, writing on the 4th inst., says:_' Within the last few days the v.il has been with- , drawn from the eyes of all those who had magnified this j lawless foray into a revolutionary invasion; and the parti eipaturs in it, who had ken extolled at worthy emulators of La Fayette and his companions in arms, are now shown up to the world as mere trachea in bloodshed, who had hired themselves out at a certain price to forward a stu peadous :Acme of plunder and robbery. The wages (de pendent of course on the success of the enterprise) were payable in bonds for large nominal turns, and were issued, according to their rank, to all cancer...ed. The following is a cony of one of these promises to !my :—s2,ooo.—No. —. • lie it known to ail men, that I, General Nat ciso Lopez, • Chief of the' Patriotic Junta for the promotion of the pa- I litical interests of Cuba,' established in the United States of North America, and the contemplated head of Provisional Government and commauder-in-chief of the revolutionary moven nt about now to be undertaken through my agency and permissive authority for the liberation of the people of Cuba from the tyranny and oppression to which they are now subject by tne rower of Spain, and to be prosecuted by me till superseded by a superior executive officer, or such form of government and authotity as the people by their free will and choice shall prescribe, do, by there present., to eublerve the cause and object aforesaid, make and execute this obligation, on behalf of the people of Cuba, by what ever desLnatiun of nationality or form of body politic they shall hereafter assume, to wit—l do, by these presents, for and on behalf of the said people oiCuba, and their auc- MUM its government for ever, and for value received pro mise to pay to —, or bearer, in equal annual instalments at one, two, three, tour, and five years, the ELM of a 2,000. with 6 per cent. interest from date, payable mate ably on each annual instalment, until both principal and interest be fully paid and discharged. And I, the said General Narcissi Lopez, in virtue of the authority and for the promotion of the object aforesaid, do by these presents pledge to the said —, or bearer, the public lands and public property of Cuba, of whatever kinds, and the fiscal resources of the people and government of Cuba, from whatever source to be derived ; and do further pledge the good faith of the people and government of Cuba, in perpetuity, for the faithful and complete slisehmge of this obligation. In testimony whereof I, the said l General Nareiso Lopez, do hereto Mhz my signature and I seal of the said Provisional Government, which is further witnessed by Ambrosio Ju-c Gonzales and Jose Maria Sanchez Ysuaga, members of said Patriotic Junta, and the Hon. Colesworth Pinckney Smith, Judge of Supreme d Court of Errors and Appeals of Mississippi. This done and I executed in the city of New Orleans and State of Louisiana, I one of the United States of North Ameriee, on this 30th Iday of Apri!, A.D. MO.—Neaten° LOPEZ, J. Saxes= YZEACIA, A. J. lioNzaLza, C. P. SMITII.-52,000? From this it will be seen that no revolution existed in the ! island, but that one was' shout to be undertaken ; that the lateens of paying for it were to be raised out of the public Property and fiscal resources of the people and government or Cuba; and that a hien judicial functionary of the State l of Mississippi placed himse:f officially by the side of L.PINE as a party to the infamous bond." ST. HELEN'S AND SOUTHPORT.—It is intended to, • apply in the ensuing session of parliament for an act to: t authorise the cons.ruetion of a line from the it. II lee's s Railway at St. Helen's to Southport. 't he line is to form a t junction with the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway at t 'Lanford, and with the East Lancashire Railway at Orme • kirk. The 'comb of the proposed line it 19 miles, and the estimated met 24),0001. SPORTING. NEWMARKET HOUGHTON MEETING. MONDAY. HANDICAP PLATE of OW., for 3-yr-olds and upwards. Cambridgeshire Course. . . Mr. Gre;ite's Ram Saw 1 yrs, .t slb (Flntesa) I Mr. Delaneresiiuy ihioneries, 3 yrs, 74 ...... (I. Vann/ 2 Mr. J. LS. Morris's Vgthan, Stu. Sot lOtb (F. hotter) 3 Betting: 1 to 1 agit Humphrey, 3 to 1 each ogst Vatican, Retail, and Guy Mannering, 6to 1 each agat Prestige nod No Chance, and Bto 1 ugst Barcelona. Humphrey took up the running immediately after starting, and with No Chance, Retail, Barcelona, St. Fabian, and Guy Manner .kg in waiting. carried it on at a moderate pace till half ' way between the Duke's stand and home ; ha was then joined by Barcelona and Guy Mannering, and Vatican joining half a distance front twine, the four went on singled out, Borzelona obtaining the advantage in the last stride and winning be a neck, Vatican a good third, and Hum phrey an indifferent iourth. Ron in 2 min. 9 sec. SWEEPSTAKE:3 of 10 .ore. each; fur 3-yr-idds, ist 61b; four, fist 4th ; five, flat 811); six and aged, SA MU; winner to be sold fur 69 sot.. if demanded, it:. DAL Lord Cllrori.'s $ gorily, aged (Robinson) I 217 . It. Sid , bines be I by Mans oat of raingyra, 3 yrs (Isatuau) warilow's Lady Bilging, 3to (Marlow ) 3 Betting: 13 to 8 agat Palmy ra filly, and 3 t o 1 ags t Lady Ilibiva. A very fine race lot the last 50 yards beta Sa gacity and Palmyra filly, terminating in favour of Sagacity Uy u head. Bun in 1 loin. 47 we. ' Sweteriem: Es of 10 vivo. each; for 3-yr-olds, Tot 91b; four, Sat ilo; five, Bst 12th; six and aged, gat; winter to be sold for 2:811., dec. Ab.ll. lora W. *wastes Vanguao, 4 yrs Mr. Podey'e P.ltiettu, s yrs (4bar.too) 2 Mr. mm liontat of lAr)nEr, 1 yrs .. 'rem 3 Betting : Even on Vanguard, 6 to 4 agat Paquetta. Won by three lengths. The Knight of tiwynne beaten off. ltuu int 1_ min. ;9 s.c. MAUI!, B.t 71b each, 100 h ft. T. Y. C..—Capt. Low ther's Tumbler received 2 suss. forfeit from Doke of Bed ford's Sophistry, by lon. 31A - ruti, 100 b ft. T. Y. C. Mr. W. E. I.stsssis Sophistry, by iists;s. 74 111 b, iliatnan) 1 7lb (Itobisson) 2 Betting :11to S on Sophistry. Won by a lemth. 1 min. 15 so:. wrnrsrAir EA of 10 sore. each r.r 2.yr-olds ; colts Bst 71h, fillies Set 516; winner to be sold for _•dll , if demanded, tte. First half of Ah.Nl. Loin baby c by Irtnl Dirdca:cbcx out of MceJnee, (F. lainer) 1 Mr. a!ephenaron's Itavetuaitis trlAtet..n, 2 Mr. 20111.. a Ul °Doi it ( VI 3 Mr. It. grtn'a titagc4,, Mr. Kites cb t It) reuil Luehinva out of Maile,n'a .atnt ( Kula, nu. r wood) 2 Bet:ing: Even on Itavensvrinit, soil 3 to 1 agit :genitive colt. '1 he lot ran in close company to the dip, where Ma venrwino nod the Menniee cult went in trout, the latter, who waited into the curdy, winning very cleverly by a length. Diamond a bad third. ltuu in .34 secs. ST %KEA of 30 sore. each, 20 It, for 2-yr-01d.4; cults but 71b, fillies 8,4 51b; winner. extra. Criterion euur:e. Duke ol Itichmororr ited Iliad, het 10x) (ii.clutUng Oh extra) (4e.d..cuak) 1 Ezete,'• Arolduee. Oat . ......... . . ,its 2 Notya.t ut the 'hire, Set 716 Dus) 3 lord f.ieter's rrue:welt, S. ;10 37r liourea toorice ('lt ••••• it'. Wrier) 5 tier J. 11.412. e. 11110*Th, M 4 ;lb ..- 11. N0r...4 6 Netting: to 4 ngnt Dauiel O'Rourke (t), 7to 4 apt Red Rind, to 1 apt Stockwell, and 111 to I apt any other. Red Rind made all th e runn ing, owl won, with nothing to ~are, by a length ; the Ai,igUt of the Shire a hail tan', :old Dania O'l.nuke was bratms off. Rai. in 1 win. tiwr.ersTAKts of 10 lovr. cub • for 3-pr - olds, ist 71h; four, tht alb; five and upwards, th islb ; the winner to lie mold for 3:iti revs., if remanded, Le. Criterion Course. Air. Coll C•'s I unotio a, 13r. . Lore I. 6 (it boo so) 2 orotornr, 6 )ror ..... % Duke of Bolt s Norpont 6 in.....„.........«.. `Y. 1...0 kr, 3 1.0 l Esetrr's Inane. 1 )rs ...... rot 4 Mr. Ito o rer.ep Pulehrrroona, (ll,ittln) J llcttiug: 2 to 1 agst Newport, 7 to 2 apt Longinus, and 4to 1 agst Turtle. Woo by u length. Newport u bad third. great number of arrivals have taken place in the course of the Isst 21 hours; all the lodgings are taken, the stables are full, out the weather tine. Everything, in short, leads its to anticipate u very full fleeting and a plethora of sport. Since our lust parcel was forwarded the tenoning /101,1, hare come in : Hernandez, Enor, Falcon, Congratu. Wien (late the flying Dutchwoman), Cyclopz, Young Allioi dura, Clincher, Aphrodite, llilberry, Caloric, Dram, and Muulitain Deer. The Nigger reared up yesterday on the esereise ground and fell backward, but was out this morning. BETIING VP TO 6 O'CLOCK. [tiy. I-3retrie Teter. ph.] CAMISIUDOESIIIKE MTAhIS. 3 to l apt greba to 1 apt Ariohto to 1 Nominator 21 t 1 1 The Nigger 11 to 1 Maintain Deer 23 to 1 31unito1O 13 to I Crime Myosin J. to 1 Itoiou 13 to 1 Curl 30 to 1 10 to 1 Camotreek Ithto I Clo ha lu tu 1 Dustin t) 50 ti 1 Tout lie. IRELAND. DtIILIV 0CT.27 . The accession of Mr. Frederick Peel to the Russell ministry is regarded with feelings of no slight satis faction by the Roman catholic partv here. The appointment is looked upon as one foreshadowing earning events; and Mr. Peel's acceptance of office under the cabinet which carried the Ecclesiastical Titles Act is very naturally considered to be an assurance that that act will not be enforced with any great degree of seventy. The vacancy created in Kinsale by the transfer of Mr. Haws to a new office is already given away by the general rumour to Mr. Lucas, of the nblet. The Cork Reporter thus refers to the circum stances under which the new session of the Queen's Colleges has been opened : We have been much gratified by finding that the en trances at the Examination at QULCII'S College, just now closed, being the first for the present session, have fully 1110411 die unabated progreei of public opinion in hivour of that most useful institution. There have been added to the rolls of the College for the new class, no less than thirty-eight students, of whom twenty are Roman catho lies, and, us we understand, including the sons of some of the must distingished and important Roman catholic fami lies in this province. Equally gratifying; is the fact, which, we believe, is indubitable, that, notwithstanding the pecu liar influences most strennouslv exerted in certain quarters, to detach from the College the - nu:Rau catholic students pre viously entered, such has been the confidence felt by the public in the system of education pursued in it. that not a single instance has occurred or a student having been withdrawn uu religious grounds. We are most happy to report also 6.1. Galway College, the wonderfully successful entrance, this month, of twenty.cight students. The following memorial to the Lord-Lieutenant, adopted at a meeting of the county of Limerick magistrates, presided over by Nlr. W. Monsen, M.P., uftinds n very gratifying testimony of the improved state of the country : We, the magistrates of the county Limerick, assembled at Quarter Sessions, certify to your Excellency our opinion that the extra police placed on the county, under the 6th William IV., e. 23, should be removes'. The extra police force was placed on the county at a time when agrarian outrages prevailed to a considerable extent. During the last two or three years crime has considerably diminished, and now we have the testimony both of the judge of assize, the assistant barrister, and the local magistracy, that there never was a period in which there were fewer crimes com mitted in the county, and the crimes that do take place are of a character comparatively insignificant. Cnut'r these circumstances we pray your Excellency to order the prayer of this memorial to be carried into effect with as little delay as possible. . . . . The memorial was signed by the assistant barris ter and all the magistrates present. Dr. John M•Donnell, brother to the Hight. lion. Alexander Nl'Doimell, will be the chief medical com missioner under the new Charities Aet. The in spectors will be appointed in a few days. The sys tem of the dispensaries will be altered, new districts will be formed, and several of the existing dispensa ries abolished. A tribute is collecting in America for Father Ma thew, whose pecuniary embarrassments are consider able. The 304)!. a-year pension which he receives from the British government is appropriated to his •:editors. The limerick Chronicle says : "From January 3 to (ktoher 10, 1831, 42 vessels entered from foreign ports to Tralee with cargoes of grain. During the same period lust year the foreign entries were only 20. In IH3O only 300 emigrants left Trace fur America; 2,217 in the present year cleared out fur the other side of the Atlantic. The Waterford and Kilkenny Railway Company have gut possession of 18 miles of the line between Jerpuint station and Runkit, which is within a mile and a half of Water ford. The following is from the weekly commercial re port of the Freeman : 'the improvement visible last week has nut been main tained this, Less business has been done, priess are barely supported, and there is no desire to speculate tither in pro• duce or shares. The corn market remains much as last week. There is not much doing in shares, and railways an• rather depressed. Thu customs denies of the week are 16,200,,, o f which 7,600/, nte on tea, 2,0041. on raw and 1,0001. on refined sugar, 1,0001. on wine, 7001. on spirits, and 2,6410/. on tobacco. The receipts fur the corresponding week of Iri•io were 18,000!., showing a decrease of 1,500/. BRITISH HUSBANDRY. AGRICULTURAL CIIENIISTRY ; TURNIP CUL TURE; HALLOWS. (Continued fiVlll the Elbrala ut Oct. 9.) And this property is totally different from the power of porous substances to absorb ammoniaeal and other gases ; and if it were the sante power, it would not account for the decomposition by the soil of the dif ferent kinds of amntonia, and for the power they arc found to possess of combining with other alkaline bases, such as potash, magnesia, &e., which have no gaseous character. Nor is this power capillary at traction. There are old and recorded experiments, I showing that salt water can be deprived of its salt ness by filtration through sand, but that seems to be fundamentally different from a chemical power, being due to the surface attraction of the sand for the salt which becomes condensed upon the sand. This power of sand to arrest and separate spline substances in solution is limited in extent, and differs from the chemical power of soils, as it is i exerted on the whole salt, whilst that of the soil has relation only to the alkaline or earthy base. Dr. Angus Smith has found sand, also by its surface at traction for air, to be an oxidating agent, and that the filtration through such a medium is the most perfect way of exposing a solution to the influence of oxygen. This explains the rapidity with which manure disappears from a sand• soil, but the power brought into action in loamy soils is of an opposite kind. This is due to the clay which is antagonistic to the oxidating power of sand, combining with or ganic matters, and retarding rather than hastening their destruction. Pottery clay of the " plastic clay " formation, dug at Farnham from a depth of 20 feet front the surface, and a small portion of this taken from the centre of a mass, and which therefore could not have absorbed ammonia front the air, was found when heated to give off abundance of ammonia. This clay might either have absorbed ammonia from water at a remote geological period before its deposition in its present place; or in the course of ages, water penetrating an almost imper vious stratum, must have carried down some portion of ammonia ; but neither hypothesis is deemed pro bable, and it is assumed that the ammonia found in the clay was derived from organic bodies decaying in the very water front which the clay was deposited. This forms a striking instance of its power of absorp tion and retention of ammonia in despite of water, to the action of which it must have been at that time long exposed. Our limits do not permit any attempt to describe any of the experiments in detail, but we go at once to the practical conclusions to be deduced from them. In one series of experimeut, that the absorption by the soil of the greater part, in most eases the whole, of the ingredients of manure of the most value, ex tends to a weight of sewage-water more than equal to the weight of the soil. ihtts, if every por tion of the soil of an acre of laud could have been PARIS AUTUMN RACES. The last of the government races, and the last also of the season, took place on Sunday in the Champe-dc-Mars. Sel dom have any meetings attracted a greater multitude of spectators of all classes. All the stands were crowded, and fashionably attired ladies were in great numbers iu them. The whole of the vast area of the Champs-du-Mars was thickly lined with pedestrians of both sexes. Within the curds the gathering of das;iing equipages was more nu- Onerous than usual, and every one was hilly occupied. The members of the Jockey Club were in extraordinary three. Dcta.:hments of lancers in grand uniform added life and variety to the scene. the races were very spirited, and excited the greatest interest. The Ministers of Justice and Finance, Prince Murat, and the Prefect of Police, were present. EaTaAOUDINAUV STAVES of 2,000 fr., for horses and mares of three years and upwards. Entry, anfr. Wsight for age. Distance '2,100 yards, starting from near the Ecole Militaite. 10 entries. M. AuntoWs t Bucotque, 3 yrot. 6216 M. Amid', t yr% 0913 2 Mr. Cater's to l.ht:tomars, 6 }re, !Itilb The following were not placed: l'rince de Beauvan's c James, 3 yro, 1091 b; 31. Saillard's c Adolph°, 3 yrs, 9'2lb; 11 Courtuis' f Want, 4 yrs, 1041 h; ditto f Vesurienne, 3 yrs, 891 b; 31. Dara's e Clovis, 3 yrs, 100 lb. Barbara made the running to within distance, Bucolique lying next; Bucolique then went forward, and woo by about three-quarters of a length. Au objection was made by the owner of Barbara, on the ground that Bucolique had unfairly passed before her, but it was withdrawn. the winner was claimed. ltun in 2 min. 42 4-sth sec. ..... PRINCIPAL STAKES, of 4,4001 i., for three-year-old colt,+ and fillies. NVeights, colts, ltrdlb ; fillies, 991 b, with Ilb less in favour of French jockeys. Distance, once round in heats. Seven entries. _ . . ..... Al Awn f (Sprocty) 1 M. Cache de 1.. i) c Memory Mr. Carter's f Annette e 1).01 Ltath a kr In both heats Ilervine went away with the running, was never caught, tuid won easily. She rail the first in 2 min. 14 2-sth see., the second in 2 min. 18 1-sth see. GUEAT NATIONAL SLAKES of 11,000 fr., fur horses and mares of 4 yrs and upwards. Weight fur age, with 8141 ►ess in favour of French jockeys. Distance, twice round ; iu beats. 8 eutrit s. . . . ......---. -........-. M. I.lplu'a I MC.liree, I yr 4, 1001b3 (Pruutite) I I M. Awn- .133•6 aLa lloture, I yr.., I 2 , 1*.62 M. Snare re's e !Car, I 3 Tv Conn , u'llcd.turdle • c I ertm... 1 yrs. Ll.lbe 3 0 Ilaidro c Ilssulin... 1 'TS. 1201110 L. N igwer's h Liwtryo..i, sod, 120162 r 3 dN. e herre"..Gcntil Lien ard, 3y, 1:41 62 ... .. . .... N. C;urtl:. f 'tint, P 91b. — o dr In the first heat Liverpool went away with the running, all the others well up. At the top turning Liverpool broke down, and Tertius took up the running, and continued it to the back, when La Cloture went ahead. At the Ecole Miiitaire, however, Messine, who had been lying fourth, went forward, and won very easily. Run in 4=50 4.55. In the seeond heat, Lentil Bernard got away fist, and after passing the bridge was joined by Mazuline. They ran together to the Eeole, when Mestine went forward, fol lowed by Mars. Messiue made the running to the end, and won easily, Mars second all the way. Rua in 4m. 58 4-52. Mil race gave rise to little betting, but what there was was in favour of Measine. The interest it excited amongst sporting men was very great. From the large amount of the stakes, it is one of the must important in France. brought into activity as a filter for the WORKS DESTROYED BY Flat AT NIANCREATER.— On Saturday evening the works of Mrs. Schofield, fustian sewer -water, and that the soil so satu shear( r, stiffener, and dyer, Cornbrouk, Milne were dia. rated had been but ten inches deep , 1,000 covered to be on fire ab ou t 730 p. m ., an d t h e dames bunt tons, or 224,000 of undiluted sewage water might forth amidst the combustible materials M the stare, and be thrown upon it, and the water would have passed burnt with much fierceness. A body of the 16th Lancers went to the scene of the fire with a small bu - . excellent en- away by the drain, deprived of its principal manur gine from the barracks, and did much to prevent the ex- -- .z. • • tendon of the fire, and soon a ft erwards Mr. Rose arrived in properties. That would be equivalent to three tons of Peruvian guano, which is fully twenty times with six or seven engines belonging to the town. Two of the quantity that would be used upon an acre of the buildings were ailed, but cue was entirely destroyed, land. Of course such quantities of fluid are inap and the loss, which is covered by insurance in the West of ! England office, will probably be between 2,000/. and 3,000/. plicable in practice, but the statement serves to show The origin of the fire is unknown. About half-past nine ! a -cm we ll c o'clock on Sunday morning a three-story building, forming '' t h a t oal an d •ll omminated soil, sufficiently porous to allow of the gentle descent of liquids, and part of the machine manufactory of Messrs. Wren and yet not so open or fissured as that they should find Hopkinson, Altrincharn-street, Manchester, was discovered their way by what may be called perpendicular to be on tire. An alarm was given, and seven engines front the potice yard were taken to the spot by Mr. Rose, who drains into the ordinary drains below, and, above was successful in preventing th e remain i ng b u ildi ngs front a ll , clic taining a fair amount of the absorbing ingre getting on fire, but that in whi c h t h e fi re or i g i nate d, an d client , the clay—that such a soil will receive and re which contained a great number of wood patterns, the QC- fain many times the quantity of manure that is cumulation of 30 years' business, was entirely destroyed. likely to be put upon it in the ordinary course of The cause of the fire is quite a mystery, the works having management, without the smallest need for fear on been closed at half-past metre o'clock on the previous night. The loss will be between 3,0t10/. and 4,000/., covered by in• • surances in the Sun, Legal and Commercial, Atlas, and d ra in s, pro vided the art of the farmer that it will lee lost in the three other fire o ffi ces, so that it will fall very lightly upon each. i With reference to the cause of this absorbent soil be properly underst ood and brought into play." YORK, NEWCASTLE, AND BERWICK RAILWAY.— power Mr. Way says it would be premature This company have just commeacA operations for the for- to offer an opinion, as the experiments are motion of a new branch line of railway. The ground is I st i l l being staked out and other prelimi na ry steps are taken for a line actively prosecuted, but adds " that in the state in which it may be supposed to which will run front Bishop Auckland to Durham by way l silica,. North-road. and then crossi ng th e r iv er Wear, will join the has a power of combining with ammonia and other of Page Bunk, Wallington, a n d Brancepeth down to the exist m clay (that is soluble in acids and akalies), main line oh the York, Newcastle, and Berwick Railway, ' bases tit a way not hitherto understood. Silica is 1 near the prevent Belmont station. This line will effect a saving of a distance of nearly twenty miles in the transport I of the large traffic in agricultural produce, iron, lead, cool, i and coke, going from the western part of the county of 1 Durham to the north. land it . ugh to a small extent, soluble in ammonia, really', t hough does not seem inconsistent with the facts to believe t hat the free silica of clay is the agent in . these absorptions. This newly discovered property of soils fully ex plains much of the variation in the effect of manures on different soils. Clay is found to be the active substance in retaining manure, and sandy and gravelly soils deficient in clay, will be less retentive of manure. Such soils are, in rural language, said "not to hold manure." Here the manure should be applied more frequently and in smaller quantities than in the stronger soils, where, owing to the reten tive power of the clay, we may safely deposit at once the manure for several successive crops. Thus, in Norfolk, the light sands are made to bear good crops by heavy dressings of clay, and for this purpose real clay is better than marl, of which more than one half consists of carbonate of lime. And these experiments lead to a consideration of the state in which manures should be applied. It is clear that when applied in a fresh state they are available to vegeta tion, as is shown by the success of the barley crop following the feeding off turnips with sheep, in which process all the dung and urine are, whets in a fresh state, incorporated with the sail. This proves that plants can feed on these matters in their trash state. The importance of efficient drainage of land is strongly confirmed by the kids now brought into notice. The soil is entrusted with the preservation of manure ; but to render that preservative power capable of exercise, the manure dissolved by rain in the superficial strata, when it is in excess or im perfectly distributed, must he brought by draivago into contact with the active soil below, by which it will be taken up. On the contrary, when the land is undrained, this manure is carried off into the watercourses. The practice of burning clay may be thought at variance with these experiments, for the more clay is burnt the more certainly Ls its power of arresting manure destroyed ; (it this practice is confined to heavy land, where a small part of the whole soil is burned, and the absorbent power of the remainder, by the opening effect of the burnt day, is brought into more vigorous action. The perfect comminution and disintegration of a clay soil, however effected, renders it more fertile, and tits it to benefit by the manuring influ ences of the atmosphere and the rain, which are pro• bably much greater than is commonly supposed. I'ho development of Tull's system made by Mr. Smith, of Northamptonshire, to whose successful experiment of growing wheat continuously on the same land we referred on a ffirmer occasion, seems to owe its suc cess to this principle; and it is by no means impos sible that the abundant stirring and trituration of the day soil throughout the year, amid its continual ex posure to atmospheric influences, may so augment its absorbent power as to produce comparatively large crops of wheat without extraneous manure. The establishment of this absorbent power also indicates that liquid manure may be applied to a fallow with out fear of loss, the essential ingredients being absorbed and stored up for the use of the future plants. _ _ It must be remembered that it is the wheat crop for which nitrogen in the soil has been ascer tained to be so important, and that the fallow which usually preeedes wheat. in strong land has enabled the ,oil to absorb from the rain and the air an un wonted quantity of ammonia. Su tar therefore from the practice of fallowing . affording any support to the " mineral theory, - it seems to be just the reverse. Reviewing the facts of practical agriculture as followed in this country, we have seen how small is the utmost animal loss of alkalies under the export of corn and meat alone, and that the demand thus made upon the stores of the native soil will generally be most insignificant. Phosphoric acid, on the other hand, is sent off the farm in much larger quantities than the alkalies; but under good cultivation it is already in actual practice frequently more than re stored by the import of cattle fail, or direct manures, and the very practice of agriculture in this country necessitates tho production of farmyard inanure, by menus of which it is that so large a pro portion of the mineral elements of the crops raised upon the land are in due time restored to it ; and it appears that 14 tons of farm-yard manure to the acre, upon the same ground year after year, in variably protluced less wheat than was obtained by dressings of ammoniac:ll salts ; that farm-yard dung and rape cake only increased the produce of grain in proportion to the amount of nitrogen they contained; and the question is to what good purpose can such a vast bulk of carbonaceous matter be applicable? So long as grain alone is cultirated it is obviously of little use. But Messrs. Lawes and Gilbert's experi ments in the cultivation of turnips answer that in quiry in a way completely satisfactory. They show that the production of turnip bulbs depends upon the supply of carbonaceous matter iu the soil, and that the true office of the turnip and other root crops con sists in converting the otherwise useless refuse of our corn crops, straw, into a succulent and nourishing food for animals. They say that during their experiments in only one instance has the acre age weight of bulbs reached seventeen tons; they know that mineral matter required by the turnip has not been deficient, and in many instances very large quantities of nitrogen have been supplied; but the essential substance, car bonaceous matter, required fbr bulb formation has been but moderately supplied in the form of rape cake ; and, in one instance, where it was supplied in a larger quantity by dung, the greatest produce was obtaired. To obtain heavy craps of roots, dung is the cheapest source ; but farm-yard manure is ever limited in quantity, and the question is what arc the best substitutes to grow turnips. The experiments of Boussizignult and Dr. Thomson show the loss of car bon by the respiration of animals is so great, that in feeding off a crop of turnips, one half of the car bonaceous matter in it is dissipated and lost to the farm. The phosphate of lime, too, is largely consumed in forming the bones of young animals, while the export of potash is so small that the quantity contained in one acre of turnips would nut be entirely exported under twenty years. Tho economical application of mineral manures seems to be i• 'tell to phosphate of lime alone, and even then in most cases it is employed not as an element of which the soil is deficient, but as an agent for pro moting to a remarkable degree the early and vigo rous development of the young plant, and carrying it with rapidity over those stages, any delay in which ' is attended with great injury and often with the de struction of the crop. The sources of phosphate of lime are guano, bones, and die compound of bones and sulphuric acid, called superphosphate of lime. The latter manure is the form which is found to produce the greatest effiet upon the young plant, and especially upon the deve lopment of a large amount of fibrous roots. It should, however, be understood that tho bulk of an agricultural crop of turnips depends materially upon the amount of organic matter contained in the soil, without which the development of the power of growth, by means of the phosphates, will be un availing. All these experiments corroborate most strikingly the soundness of the practices adopted by our best farmers, and indicate the direction in which the inferior class of farmers must proceed to make a living profit by their business. We shall endeavour hereafter to apply the results of these experiments, and the principles they educe to the elucidation of the present state and future prospects of English BIRKENHEAD, LANCASHIRE, AND CI:FEMME JUNC TION.—It appears that a provisional agreement has been entered into between this company and the Great Western, the Shreshury and Chester, and the Shrewsbury and Bir mingham Railway Companies, for allowing the latter to work traffic over the Birkenhead line on certain term, and conditions. The associated companies are to have the right of conveying any traffic over the Birkenhead, Lancashire, and Cheshire Junction Railway until an act shall be ob tained authorising a lemse of that railway ti the associated companies, provided such act eau be obtained after two bona fide application , ' to parliament iu the years 18.52 and 1813. The associated companies ere to pay to the Birkenhead Company for the use of the line and works 60 per cent. of the rem ipts for the traffic pass ing over that lino to or from the lines of the mseciated companies, but out of the receipts fur the local traffic on the Birkenhead line the associated companies are to pup to the Birkenhead Company 75 per cent. of such receipts. The Birkenhead Company are to give to the associated companies all the rights, conveniences, and accommodation of their stations, offices, &e. On obtaining the met re ferred to a hair of the Birkenhead Railway shall be com pleted, and all their property and plant are to be trans ! ferred to the associated companies , the latter to secure to the Birkenhead Company three per cent. per annum on the capital of 2,030,0001. The Biel enticed Compmy are to have the option, at any time after the ainalgama- Hon of the three companies, and before the lot of January, 1856, to amal g amate at par their fixed capital of 2,000,04)01.