The Express. — London, England, 1847-03-30 00:00:00

e, share them among the tribe. The nuked f the New Hebrides and the decently dressed i re, after all, animated by the Ramo instincts. cause cross the room before the chafe-femme, ; throw a handful of nuts on the stage while sr of drilled monkeys are performing, and rill break through the decorum of artificial jearnals and despatches of Sunday . , from a ve arrived, but are altogether devoid of jo lt was said in some quarters that Count St will be almost immediately replaced in London Baraute, and that the latter will be sue t St. Petersburg by M. Bresson. will undergo a further augmentation of • the first fortnight of April. Madrid journals and correspondence of the been received. The ministerial crisis still d without solution. Various rumours were d, among which were the following :—That v to sign the acts of the government was I to be conferred upon the king consort ; that be proposed to put the queen in a state of that the queen mother would be, or was, to Madrid: that the queen desired to dismiss net, but that no member could be got to sign scary act; that, on the other hand, the queen to put the sign-manual to the acts of the It was certain that extraordinary couriers spatched by the cabinet twice a day to Paris. Irdar, of the 23rd, says that Mr. Bulwer has l el interviews with the queen, and has ne nothing to obtain the formation of a ministry seish influence, and composed of MM. Pa nlemanca Ros de Glow, Vahez, and Pastor y Mother report circulated was, that the ; of Rianzares was expected to return, accom by the Duke of Montpensier, and that a would be established under the duke and the wort L'Ece des Conerciti, of the 23rd, says Pacheco, when ordered by the queen to form a r , first visited M. Seijas,"and, after having con rith the queen, went to the Duke of Sotomayor in him of what passed. It was said that in ince of this, these statesmen called together all Ling men of the Moderate party, and that M. a, in such critical circumstances, preferred the nof procurertr local to that of minister. It (continues this journal) that the cabinet waits ;patience the decision of the court of France tions of the highest interest, and it is probable Duchess of Rianzares herself will be the of the answer. No one was yet induced to he vacant post of Captain-General of Madrid. SCE.—The Chamber of Commerce of Bett ye addressed a letter t> M. Dumont, Minister:of rOTIU ill France, strongly urging the necessity of at Boulogne being carried out far enough to enable nets running between that port and England to d depart indifferently at all times of tide. Sup e works executed in timber in a similar manner to ready completed, the expense will not exceed and when the corresponding improvements pro be carried out by the South• Eastern Railway Com olkestone are completed, it would be possible to travel is to London in twelve hour, independently of the •hicb the tide serves. The letter points out that caching completion of the railway from Paris to renders all other improvements it may be possible n the communications between London and Paris f mature consideration, and concludes by dwelling atimate connexion and greet traffic that is likely to between London and Paris when only separated nor of twelve hours' duration. :Sl3 FRONTIERS, MARCH 16.—We have at athentie information respecting the movements of 'an troops in the interior of the kingdom of Poland. 'cnies', between Russia, on one side, and Austria solo on the other, a corps of Cossacks, which has isiderahly reinforced, in now stationed. There is, n Russiin-Poland, and probably not far from the of Galicia, a movable corps under Gen. Rudiger, 12,000 men, including the ordinary garrison. This robably intended to watch the movements in Gi n which very alarming aceounu have been received > much is certain. According to other accounts, owever, all agree, there are separate carps in dill its of the kingdom, none of which, however, exceeds 000 men. A part of these corps is said to be in n. Southern Russia, and another portion to be coo -1 in Poland for a grand review, which the Emperor o have in that kingdom. PT.—ALEXANDRIA, MARCiI 9.—A consider >cry took place at Cairo in the last days of February. at of the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Company t had sent to Cairo, by the transit Company, two nttaining 2,800 f. in sovereigns, with instructions r should be forwarded via Sues to India. There !re carelessly left in a cupboard, and when they were for it was found that one had been made away 7he author of the robbery is se yet unknown. ECE.—Punitc ESECUTION.—The following scene has taken plan:. at Nauplia, in Greece :—'Two , Demetrius and Theodosius 'fryphottponloe, were out for execution in the principal square of the They both walked quietly to the scaffold, but when eutioner approached Demetrius to bind him to the nk, the latter, who is a man ef gigantic stature and oi strength, burst his cords, end overthrew the act and his existents. On their endeavouring to re, when they regained their legs, Demetrius heat rerely, and threatened to pitch them off the scaffold be crowd, and was carrying his threats into men hen the executioner drew a lonsebladed knife from iv dress, and stabbed Demetrius to the heart, who i upon the platform. The executioner then dem* a corpse. The other brother, Theodosius, on the r , seemed ?correctly resigned to his fate, and sub himself quietly into the hands of the executioner. her moment he had ceased to exist. rA.—Our files of the Jacasche Courant embrace sle month of January. With the exception of notices >sive floods in the western districts and of the abate r*e epidemic that had visited some of the eastern, Id little to the brief notices received vei Marseilles. we bad previonaly copied from the Dutch journals. set interesting items of intelligence in these papers ee which indirectly indicate the state of postal corn- aim and general trade in this great dependency of the lands. The Ream-vessel Merapi, employed to carry ale hem Batavia to Singapore (to be forwarded by glish overland) appears to make the voyage from a ant back in fifteen days. It sailed from Batavia in the morning of the Ist of January,,lB47, and l on its return early in the morning of the Between Batavia and Singapore it touches at Munk ad The mail of the Ist of January contained 1,1.43 letters. Of these 1,072 were addressed to Europe ineeles, and 43 rid Southampton. The number of for hanks was 230: for Palembang, 217; for Riouw, :dfor Singapore, British India, and China, 240. This lition of the Batavian correspondence supplies data for ably near conjecture as to the distribution of its trade. er indication is afforded by the number of vessels load- Batavia in any friven day. On the 2.3 th of January ere were :—loading ter Amsterdam, 4 ships, for Dort, 1, meal for Rotterdam, all Dutch : for Macassar or Sore oe also Dutch ,• fir Padang, one Dutch barque; retapore, one Spanish ship and one Dutch barque; for Ice, one American ship ; for Hamburg, one Hamburg Lr Gothenburg one, and for Stockholm two Swedish thr (lean. e Queen held a court yesterday afternoon at ogharn.palace. Senor 'shwas, Envoy Extraordinary , linist-r Plenipotentiary from Spain, had an audieneWpf .ajesty to present his credentiale. Senor Mora, Envoy Ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary from Mexico, al audience of the Queen to present his credentials. Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent visited her ity and her Royal Consort yesterday. His Royal ness Priem Albert rode out on horseback yesterday, led be his Equerry in Waiting, Colonel Bouverie. The I family took their accustomed walks and rides getter- The Earl of Lincoln, Lord Edward Howard, and Mr. . Anson, had the honour of joining the royal circle at ingham palace at dinner yesterday evening. meeting of several of the cabinet ministers took Yesterday, at the residence of the Marquis of Lana ., in Berkelispaquare (the noble marquis continuing Posed). There were present Lord John Ranch. Sir re Grey, Viscount Palmerston, Earl Grey, the Marquis sariearde, the Earl of Clarendon, and the Right lion. Labouchere. met Scitiramelpenninek, 'Minister of the Nether ,. kft Loudon last Sunday morning for the Hague. His leery is expected.to return in about a month. During Beene M. Stmtenus, Counsellor of Legation, will act as gi d'Affaires. r. Bancroft, the American Minister, left town on day, on a short visit to Paris. Won de Brunow, the Russian minister, transacted iess yesterday at the Foreign-office. ir J. Polly had an interview with the Earl of radon yesterday at the ofllee of the Beard of Trade. — R. had an interview with Earl Grey yesterday at .olonial-offios. and J. Russell had a dinner party on Saturday, at esidence in Chesham-place. Among the company were Van de Weyer, the Belgian Minister; Baron de Mon ?, Portoluese Minister; the Chevalier Bunsen, Prussian ,nter; Senor laterite, Spanish Minister; the Duke of rolk, the Duke of liedford, Earl Fortmeue, Viscount inston. Lord Lilford, the Earl of Minto, Mr. V. Stuart, Lord W. Russell. k!patches were receired yesterday, at the Colo -office, from the Governors of Hong Kong, Ceylon, the intim. held Gibraltar. he Judicial Committee of the Privy Council eat "aY, to give judgment on an appeal " Sidney Stephen le Judges of th e S u p reme C our t o f Van Diemen's Land." Inds Present were the Mester of the Rolls, Lord %am, Lord Campbell, and the Judge of the Admiralty ri Judgment was given by Lord Brougham. The Lord Chief Justice Wilde and Lady Wilde arrived at Farrance's Hotel, Upper Belgrave-street, yester day, from Lewes. The Marquis of Blandford and a Elect party pro ceed, in the course of the week, in his lord4iip's yacht, Fair Rosamond, on a cruise in the Mediterranean. The noble marquis and party intend visiting Cora nria and Cadiz. The Duke of Beautert's cutter, Intrepid, and Lord Rossmore's schooner, Janette, are being prepared fur ma. blany of the yachts will visit St. Petersburg this summer, on account of the Emperor Nicholas having taken to yachting. Viscount Monorail°, in addition to giving an abate ment of 20 per cent. on the acted rent, is supplying his nu merous Irish tenantry witlitize seed outs and barley at half emit. tie understand that it is the intention of their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Candaidire, at the the roe of the surr.mer, to proceed to Germany, to:viisit their iilustrious relatives, when the royal duke and duchess will be accompanied by the Princess Mary. 1410x - raGu llousx.—lt is said that the Duke of Iluccicuch es ntemplates pulling down the family mansion at Whitehall, and erecting on its rite a reodei,ce of noble proportions, and of considerable architectural nimmilicence. It is said that the works will be commenced early in the autumn of this year. The Earl and Countess of Ellesmere returned yes terday to Ratchford-house, from a visit to the Archbishop of York, at Nunsharn-park. Viscount and Viscountess Combermere are expected to arrive in Belgravessquare the week after next, from Ceres bermeresabbey. The Hon. Captain and Mrs. Wellington Cotton have arrived at Windsor, where the gallant officer is doing duty with his regiment. :NTILATION OF THE NEW HOUSE OF PEERS. Mr. Faraday, who had been officially called on to report on a method proposed by Mr. tarry, fur ventilating the new house of peers, gave, on Friday evening, an expla nation en the subject to the members of the Royal Install. tion. There have been so many angry discussions on this point, that the public may be g!ad to have an account of the plan most likely, we presume, to be adopted. Mr. Faraday commenced by disavowing any desire what ever of instituting comparison between tne plan adopted by Mr. Barry for supplying the house of peers with pure air of required temperature, and any other schemed of ventilation which, either at the present or in former times, had been mule subjects of public discuesion. Having been officially called upon in respect of Mr. Barry's arrangements, Mr. Faraday considered it his duty to acquaint himself thoroughly with them, and the result of his investigation induced him to bring them arrangements before the members of the Institution, as beauutul applications of a philosophical principle. Mr. Berry's plan of warming and ventilating the three rooms to which he has applied it (i. c., the royal ante-chamber, the house of peers, and the public lobby). consists, first, in causing a current of air, of regulated tem perature, to pass beneath the impervious floor of them apartments, and afterwards to rise to a chamber at the tap of the budding, from whence it is diffused in great abund ance, but imperceptibly, throughout the three apartments; and secondly, in drawing of the vitiated air and discharging it with great rapidity into the atmosphere. To accomplish these objects, Mr. Barry has achieved expedients for, I. Warming the building through an impervious door, as in the ease of a Roman bath. 2. Effecting a system of cur rent,. 3. Providing means of causing ten thousand cubic fest of sir par minute to proceed in a prescribed course, and with regulated velocity. 1. Mods of Warniing.—A steam-cockle, supplied from one of Lord Dundonald's boilers, is traversed by a quantity of air-tabor Artily fastened into it. The air which passes =urabase tubes is the source of warmth. This apparatus, e a toms% is placed beneath the public lobby ; and the current of warn air passei beneath its impervious Hoer, then t elfthe House of Peers, and lastly, beneath the ite ls olt a rapal antechamber beyond. With warmth, the air sousing a *lrian degree of motive power in the rising emWOW the which carries it onwards till it reaches the ir a at the summit of the building ; from *snob la nods to pass down int, the apartments by their walk owl so distributed, without draught, to be breathed by the inmates of those rooms. This gradual diffusion of the air is accomplished by 2. A system of currents. These currents are caused by subjecting the air to inequalities of temperature. Descending by the walls of toe building, it is cooled by windows, &c., and thus its velocity downwards is increase& Arriving at the level, at which it is at once heated and deteriorated by respiration, combustion, &c., the air again rises in the centre of the room, and passes through the ceiling into a foul-air chamber, which is in connection with a chimney. Through tnis chimney the air is driven by the third expedient, adopted by 31r. Barry, viz., draught of the flue,—and apeculiar motive-power. This motive-power is furnished by Bell's steamje, a sours* of force which has so many philosophical considerations connected with it, that Mr. Faraday expressed it his intention of making it the al's ject of a future Friday's dseourse. lie therefore limited him seLf at present, to the simple statement that steam produced under 3211 a. pressure on the square inch, will set in motion 217 times its bulk of air. In the course of his communication, Mr. Faraday des cribed the arrangements mule by Mr. Barry to clear the air, and to regulate its velocity, 14 as t• prevent the possi bility of draughts coming on any inmates of the apartments. lie showed hew the steam-cockle, employed to give warmth in winter, might, by filling it with water from the Artesian well, become a source of essolness in summer. These, and many other important arrangements, were illustrated by sections in relief. Mr. Faraday concluded by stating the following summary of the advantages expected from the mode of ventilation which he had described. I. The prevention of local draughts. 2. The prevention of the stains and disfigurements resulting from suet draughts. 3. The avoidance of all movement and dispersion of dirt and dust of the house by currents occasioned in it, which cur rents, if existing, would tend to render the air impure. 4. The avoidance of all sudden change of temperature. Finally, it was noticed that all parts of the house were fire-proot. Mr. Faraday then took oemeion to remark that this scheme of ventilation was under a disadvantage in the present case, as it had to be adapted to buildings which were not planned with reference to it. GENERAL THEATRICAL FUND. The eighth anniversary of the foundation of this institution was celebrated last evening by a dinner at the London Tavern. W. C. Macready, Esq., occupied the chair, supported by Charles Dickens, Esq. About 200 gentlemen were present, comprising all the moat celebrated names in the various departments of the drama. 'rho chair man, in proposieg the health of her Majesty the Queen, announced tnat she had extended her patronage to the in stitution, accompanied by the donation of 1001. After the remainder of the routine toasts, the chairman said that the present was a theatrical assembly, and he would propose to them, as a toast, those great national theatres which bad the civilised world for their audiences, which contained many excellent actors, and, what won tar more, many great and good men meant t a r m own houses of parliament. Tao toast was drunk with due honours, and was responded to by Mr. Collett, M.P. In proposing the toast of the evening, Mr. Macready observed that the present was the second annual festival of the fund, and the duty of advoint:ng its claims upon public favour properly belonged to hlr. Buckstone, their treasurer. Yet he would trespass a little upon their indulgence while he made a few observations. It appeared to Min absolutely indispensable to the existence of the fund, that the neeemity for its establishmeat should be fully understood and acknow ledged. As calculated to ensure the greater respectability of actors, as inculcating in them the principles of economy, and inducing them to • more regular course of life, aad thereby i m proving and elevating the character of the English stage, it could not be denied that such institutions were moat valuable ; and when he reminded them that since 1839, in what he might term the infancy of the society, ii bad protected from want four aged and infirm annuitant', he was sure that they would not hesitate to exert their best efforts towards it., support. lint there wen reasons which made the society appear to him, more than any ether, to have claims on public sympathy. It was to be henceforward the dramatic perfumers' sale dependence for an asylum in adversity. There were formerly the Dna) , lane and Covent-garden funds ; but how altered was the condition of the drama since their establishment ! Covent garden was no longer, or, it appeared, never could be, a dra • =tic theatre, and Drury-lane was nearly in the same con dition ; SO that it might be safely assumed that no actor could ever again have a chance of entering those theatres or remaining is then long enough to be included in their funds. Supposing even that the drama was reinstated in the patent theatres, could the actor or actress profit by their respective funds ? lio thought he should satisfy them that the answer would be " No." Those theatres were let te speeulatora, and were subject to conti nual changes of managemeut, ins olving a constant changge of performance. Now candidates for admission to the Drury-lane fund must serve three, and to the Covent-garden two, consecutive seasons to entitle them to become members; and then the sum was so large as to be out of the 'salver ot many to pay ; neither of which objections existed in the pre sent fund, which bad the additional recommendation of admitting candidates at an earlier period of li,e, the large funds not tecciving persons under forty years of age. After some further recommendations of the society, Mr. Macready concluded a loco and eloquent speech (throughout which he was vehemently applauded) by proposin, health of Mr. Bucksne, and prosperity to the g General Theatrical to Fund." Mr. BVCILSTOSSI, in returning thanks, observed that, in so doing, he felt himself like the farce coming after the play, following, as he did, the address of Mr. Macready, to whom they were all so much indebted. Sines tt.e e stablishmee amount of t of the society they had invested orpital approaching the 4,0001., which he considered alavourable omen for the future Re cousidered that one of the reasons why the society WAS pe culiarly worthy of encouragement was, that it included many classes which the larger ones did not—dancers and panto mimists, for instance, end even that bard-worked officer, the prompter, who, though serer see as n, w sometimes heard — o ft en , indeed, whoa he ought not to be. (Laught , r.) of the Mr. Cito at es Picas:ea then p r oposed the health chairman, observing, that it was well for him that nothing could be added on tile subject of the institution ; but as the cue was so strong that he could discourse on it until his eyes could ne longer wag, he was glad to be free from the danger, and from having an influence en their eyelids by alluding to it at ell. The subject of the toast which he was propoeing, he was sure must be inseparably smociited with t h e honour and dignity of the English stage, and its claim to be recog- Mud and respected as a noble means of general instruction and improvement. They were all indebted to the chairman for bispreseece there on that occasion, ease `quo hought it appropriate to his position to paraphruc Ation with 4 THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, MARCH 30, 1847. which he (the chairman) was doabtless well acquainted— that nothing in the chair became him like the taking of it. The toast was drank with enthusiasm, and was followed by the health of Mr. Horace Twirl, proposed by Mr. Co!lett, ; of the trustres of the General 'I heatriml Fund (Mr. B. B. Cabbell, Mr. Serjeantralfoutd, and M-. Dickens), by Mr. John Forster ; end of the ladies by the chairman. The chairman th-rt retired. his place being taken by Mr. Buckstone. The subscription during the eyer.in; omounted to MI. The =ident arrangements were un usually 'wing supported, among other dietinguished TOeillit4, by Miss Rainforth, Miss Dolby, Mils Betts, Miss Sara Flower, the Mimes Williams, &e. NEW RAGGED SCIIGOL IN CLARE-MARKET.—Yes tertlaja ragged school was opened i Yeatee-court, Clement', Lane, Clare-market, which is it..a most wretched andcrooded locality. The school is on a novel plan. Parents may send their children from xi: o'clock in the morning until ten in the everting, where they will, fee of any charge, be taught to read and write, and be trallied to habit/ of industry and eleanliness. TIIE STEAM-SHIP GREAT BRlTAtm.—The break water to the Great Britain Mill continues to attract attention. An eye-witness informs us that sem ral engineers and °Meer' of the navy visited the ship on Monday and Tuesday. some of whom, on the spot, stated their opinion, that after such a gale as that of Sunday, Monday, and Tuesday, when the wind wu in the svorst possible quarter, and the sea terrifi rally high, they fully expected to Hod her destroyed. The contrary, however, has been the case • and if we except a largo spar which was broken in two, the whole has stood well, and the Kamen assured us the breakwater hail admirataly protected the ship. Two artists were sketching the ship at high water, when she affords a striking object to those who are desirous of seeing what, in most cases, would be a dreadful case of shipwreck. The sea rolls along her deck in awful grandeur, occasionally breaking as high as her masts. The noise of the seas rebounding and meeting could be distinctly heard amid the rear of the wind and noise of the breakers ou the beach. The tides, with tho wind at the south, are expected to be the highest of the year, and we understand Captain Claxton has given orders that the crew should not remain on board during the night tides of the remainder of the week, not because of any fear for their safety, but solely on account of their health and comfort.—Coleraparrict Retro 4 r. PROCESSION OF ELEPHANTS, HORSES, AND CAMELS. —Yesterday, the numerous troop of animals which arc to wear in the grand spectacle nt Drury-lane Theatre on Easter Monday, made the four of the principal streets of the metropolis, attended by a concourse of spectators, who lined the road from the starting plan-, the terminus at Easton square, to the final destination of the cortege, which occupied the space of nearly a quarter of a mile, and consisted of an immense magnificent dragon chariot, with burnished gold ornaments, and appropriate devices, that, with cupola, stands 21 feet high. In it was • brass band, in Greek costume, playing an Eastern march, the whole being drawn by four camels; two ornamented travelling carriages, each drawn by two camels ; four large vans, drawn by two horses each ; the grand Burmese elephant carriage, with the two ele phants in gorgeous costume. Male and female equestrians. A large carriage, drawn by four homes, followed by eight very small ponies, led by boys ; lastly, a camel, led by tour attendants. The procession passed from the Easton-square Station through the New-road and Port land-place, Regent-Reset, Charingcross, Parliament-street, and Weraninster-bridge, and then over Blackfriarebridge to Parting:ion-street. Owing to the immense crowd, the pro cession moved at a slow pace ; but throughout the most per fect order prevailed. After the horses and ponies hail been stabled in Parringdon-street, the elephants and carnets pro ceeded to Drury-lane theatre, where they will remain till the termination of their engagement. EDMMERHAMBLES FOR ANTIQUARIES.—The British Archeological Association will hold their next confines in Warwick, at the end of July, and the Archeological in•ri tate will meet in Norwich about the same time.—The Builder. AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION.—Sir,—I am an agri cultural overseer, and intimately, I thiuk, acquainted with the habits and wants of the suffering class, which I shall state in my own simple way. The people want training in agriculture, and an intellectual education fitting thereto at least. And I would propose that the lord lieutenant in every county, or other influential proprietor, assemble sr und him the principal landlords, and appropriate by reasonable purchase waste land for the purposes of an institution where a few hundreds of young men might be apprenticed fur a certain number of years, at fair wages, to be trained in mak ing farm-roads, fencing, draining, trenching, and cropping the land, under the superintendence of an agricultural master and assistants, and also a schoolmaster and assistants. , And it is not necessary that the whole institution be cated on one piece of ground,—it were better is sepa rate sections, and moving the different claws forward each year. Also continuing to take in new ground, selling off what is fully reclaimed. This would almost pay Os expenses of the institution, if not be profita'ile. The agrees. tices should be examined every year at !east: the older elms at the expiry of their apprenticeship, if approved, would re ceive a diploma, or certificate, making them eligible to hold a lease, and landlords ought to bind themselves to give leases to such only (after a time), except gentlemen tenants, who should employ ono of these as bailiff. The crown shonld tie continually patron of these institutions, and have access at all times for inspection. When a redundancy of such young men took place it were easy, under the patron age of the crown, or through proprietors having inflaence, to send them to the Eest or West Indies, to carry out the same beneficent object in those lands. In the course of a few yearn, a hundred or so of these young men being liberated in every county, and returning to the bosoms of their homes proud of their distinctive position, which they had acquired under the patronage of a paternal government, they would sow the seeds of peace and activity, and impose on the affec tions of their parents and friends the best of all missionaries. There is no business in the world but requires training. Agriculture alone has been left to the caprice of untutored human nature ; it is tree, many great minds have shone il lustrious,but the mass require to be taught a formula, and need not be expected to attain much more. It was the being apprenticed and trained under the sister art of horticulture which gave an aim to my own life. Much has been said of the difference of race,—of this I have my opinion ; but it serves no purpsse just now. We breed colts, and we train them all to soine purpose, as their size or other qualities in dicate, and they all become useful. lam principally Saxon myself, but I think the Celtic capable of a high moral posi tion, and capable of great industry. Beside!, we perhaps want a school corresponding to the school of civil engineers to qualify men in whom the landlords shouldhave confidence in projecting improvements. In the meantime, the landlords as a mass have no knowledge of the treasures lying ready to dig out of the sail, and have none qualified to direct, and but a sorry squad to execute the work.—Sir, I am, our moat obedient servant, WILLIAM BLAlR.—Kenmore, Perthshire, N. B , 25th March. INQUEnTB,YRSTERGAY.—SUPTOCATION BY OAS.—By Mr. Bedford, atthe Unicorn, Henrietta-street, Covent-garden, on the belly of Henry Warren, age 3 2Z, the unfortunate young man who was k lied by fallingelown the well opposite Covent garden Theatre, under circumstances detailed in this j ournal yesterday. The deceased went down the well for the pur pose of cutting off a pipe. The well had been only opened a short time previous to the deceased's going down, and on lights being put down after the deceased fell they were immediately extinguished by foul air. The well had been opened several times Wore, and the men had gone down on the instant without feeling any effects. On the present OCCa *ion the generation of the foul air in the well was attributed to a large escape of gel from the main pipe. Mr. Brookes proved the death to have beta caused by imbibing impure and noxious air. Verdict—" Accidental death," the jury, at the same time expressing an opinion that in all cases of opening wells proper caution should be used for the future in testing their safety.— A BRUNKAUJ'S END: By adj ournment , before Mr. W. Baker, at the Graver Maurice, N hitechapel-road, respecting the death of Samuel Salter, aged 31, wbe died in the Lon don Hospital on Tuesday meriting, of injuries received in an affray with Charles Frankish, who is in custody, and has been remanded, on a charge of wilful murder by one of the Thames police magistrates. The deceased resided with Freakish, at No. 24, London-t rrrr ce,CommerciaLroad, East. For some time past he had been leadtng . a very dissipated life, and was constantly in a state of intoxication. On Friday, 19th inst., he was very much intoxicated, and being unable to walk, was assisted home by Mrs. Frankish, whom he abused and struck. When Frankish returned home, and accused him of assaulting his wife, an altercation took place, and they fought fur several minutes in the kitchen, in the dark ; and during the struggle a table was broken. The deceased bled profusely from the mouth, and in the morning he was brought to the London Hospital, where he expired. Mr. John Day, house surgeon to the London Hospital, stated that when the deceased was brought into the hospital, he appeared to be intoxicated. The upper part of hi. body was much discoloured and bruised. He had since made a post martens examination, and found the in testines very unhealthy. The liver was of an enormous size, and weighed upwards of bibs. the ordinary . weight being about ?lbs. The appearance Of the stomach indicated that the deceased had been a great drunkard. The immediate cause of death was an effusion of blood on the brain, caused by violence ; he had no doubt from blows. A fall might cause an effusion of blood on the brain. The coroner then summed up at great length. and, after a long consultation, the jury returned an open verdict—that the deceased " died from an effusion of blood on the brain Gem violence, but how it was caused there was no satisfactory evidence before the said jurors." The inquiry lasted seven hours. IRELAND. DUBLIN, )(MICK 28. I noticed, some time since, the consideration of the government for those districts where relief is not so available from the usual sources as in other more favoured localities. Carrick-on-Shannon, Leitrim, has had the advantage of government supplies, which consist chiefly of meal. This is sold to the very poor at about Bd. a atone below market price. In the workhouse 15 died on Tuesday last, and 20 the day preceding ; there were also 300 cases of fever and dy sentery. And yet the newspapers say nothing of Carrick-on-Shannon. In Limerick the fever cases amount to 500, and the patients are laid on the floor for the want of accommodation, which the guardians should look to. The reduction on the public works in the city of Limerick did -not take pLm• until Friday last. The inspector assumed the responsibility of continuing the employment for a week beyond the order ; but the time having elapsed, the order was put into exe cution. The mayor gave the dismissed labourers very good. advice—to repair to their respective der gymen and report their wants, so that lists should be made out as quickly as possible for the finance com mittee, with a view to outdoor relief. In Consequence of the outrage on Captain Fish bourne, the Lord-Lieutenant has directed the imme diate susperibion of the public works in Newmarket on-Fergus. Much suffering u ill thus result from the unthinking violence of a few. The Dingle fishermen supply Berry, and aces siondly the Cork markets, wit fish; but, besides very inefficient tackle, pier and harbour accommodation all around the Peninsula is v -Ty bad, fur Ventry and Smerwick afford no shel!er from the prevailing winds—the westerly and north westerly. To en oourage the deep 6CI fishing along that coast, the Board of Works are about to erect a pier at Bran don bay, on the north of tae Peninsula, and also smaller piers at Dingle, V. ntry, and Kilmaekilloge, on the Keninsre river. AU will prove of vast ad vantage. In a communication inserted in a southern journal to-day, I find it stated respecting a large district of the county of Clare, that great efforts have been made by the small farmers to crop tle land. The communica tion proceeds to say, " an unusual quantity of turnips will be sown—an averag breadth of wheat—very little oats—and not one hundreth part of potatoes. The gentleman who give , . this information is proceed ing through the country with a view to learn its con dition, and his ecniviction of the necessity of with drawing the people fro-t the public works may be collected from the concl ision of his letter, " the im pression made on my m.nd vas, that had the labour wasted on the roads, b, on expended on the fields in cropping, surface, and i. o b-soil draining, next harvest I would exhibit a new feature in the social aspect of Ireland. The accounts respecti•rg the progress of tillage in the county of Limerick are still more satisfactory. In two very cor.siderab' districts, of 30 statute miles in extent, radiating fi on Limerick toward■ Cork, every plough is at wont - . and the whole of the large farms are either already tilled or in process of cultiva tion. In another distric . nearer Limerick, and towards Killaloc, cultivation is t• ated to be backward. Some strange inatanc s of the indisposition of land lords to subscribe to thy• relief funds are detailed to day in the Limerick an I Clare Ezananer. The dis trict referred to is tl it of Quin, county of Clare. Mr. Henry Butler, a lame proprietor, did not, it is stated, oor.descend to notice the application of the relief committee, thong . s his own tenantry were on the public works, and on the lists of the relief com mittee. Mr. Cornelius Creagh, a gentleman having SOO/. a year, gave 151. ; Mr. John M'Donnell, with 1,0001. a year, gave 101. ; Mr. Scott, of Creeva, did not subscribe, but he took care of his own tenants and labourers, keeping them from the works or the relief committees; Mr. C. G. O'Callaghan, an officer hav ing 1,2001. per annum, ..:ave .51. ; the Duke of Itorigo, a Frenchman, married to an Irish lady, and having 1,2001. a year in this dittrict, but living in Paris, gave not a single sous ; and Vie only gentleman who is re corded by the Examiner as having really done his duty is Mr. Stafford o'.lrien. SCOTLAND. EDINBURGH, MARCH 27. In anticipation of the general diction Sir Andrew Leith Hay has been canvassing his constituents in the Elgin district of burghs. His reception, according to the Elgin Courant, w as favourable. Mr. George Skene Duff is the rival iundidate. The Edinburgh meeting against the government scheme of education is announced for Wednesday, and, as was anticipated, Mr. Baines is to be supported only by a section of the oluntaries. Tho Lord Pro vost, who is a voluntary. does not take the chair; and in general the politicians among the dissenters, take up the ground that countenancing state grants for the education of all sects, do. .s not compromise their op position to the union between church and state. The free church party stand a'oof also, on the plea that they do not, in the abstract, disapprove of endow meats. The Edinburgh p esbytery of the free church is to have a private conk rence. Dr. Watt, the statist of Glasgow, is to apply for a situation under the Lord Advocate's Registration Bill. He succeeded the well-'.mown Dr. Cleland in the office of Glasgow statist, and his different bills of mortality have been drawn up with much ability. The town council support his claims with great warmth. Following the example of the church presbyteries, the Glasgow parochial board has denounced the Re gistration Bill—one member calling it " anfeeling and tyrannical," " worthy of the Russian autocrat or the eirand Turk," " brought forward by hard-hearted men," &c. &c. According to the Edinburgh Erening Post, the Scotch Church Courts are again to commence the non-intrusion system. It says ; We may hint to the present government, that Lord Alan deep's Bill, which they and the fro* clique once so much denounced, if rightly worked by the presbyteries and people of Scuthind, will set such nnv.orthy administrators of the patronage of the crown as now so hold it altogether at de fiance ; and, with that bill in our hands, we can leave Mr. Made, aye, and the Lord-Advocate too, to that own devices* PROVINCIAL. LA:SCAM LIRE. A SERIOUS CHARGE OP CUTTING AND WOUNDING engaged the attention of the magistrates at Manchester yesterday. A young man named Irish, had gone to a public louse in Liverpool-road, on Saturday night, where he met with a companion of about his own age, Thomas Willett, with whom he had some drink. Willett's sister came in, and Willett subsequently accuscd Irish of having insulted her, and a fight took place betwr en them in the street. Irish was no match for his opponee', but after they had been separated, he declared that if h, could tot " mdl" Willett, be would cut his head off. He appears to have laid wait for Willett at a later hour of the night, and to have attacked him with a knife, as he left the public-house. Before they could be separated ho inflicted several severe cuts on his victim, one of which extended from the right eye down to the chin. The prisoner was committed for trial at the Liverpool Anises. WARWICKSIBRE. DELATS ON TEE LONDON AND NORTR-WESTERN RAIL WAY.—Our Birmingham correspondent writes that the first down-train, which leaves London at 15 m. past 6 a.m., did not reach that town yesterday morning till nearly three. quarters of an hour past its proper time. A NEW COLLEUE, on a largo scale, is to be erected at Lea mington, and arrangements have been made for laying the foundation stone with the customary ceremonials on the Thursday in Easter week. REERISENTATION OE WALSALL.—Tiro candidates an in the field—the Hon. E. B. Littleton, who declared his in tention in June last, and C. Forster, Esq., • barrister, for the latter of whom a canvas, is goi .g on under the auspices of - the " Walsall Independent Electoral Aunciation," from which has emanated an address h ritile to the pretensions of Mr. Littleton, who is spoken of as tt thrusting himself into the position of a candidate without invitation from any, in direet opposition to the wishes of a large number of electors." With respect to Mr. Forster, a handbill has be. n extensively cir culated, stating that it is understood some persons have:been induced to eigu a requisition " under the impression that it is addressed to Mr. Forster, sen.,—a proceeding not only without the sanction, but moat decidedly against the ennui ments and wishes, of that gendeman." Thus the liberals appear to be divided into two parties, both the above-named candidates being in that interest; sad we may infir from the handbill alluded to, that the perteembhge of the Electoral Association are not in unison with the wishes of Mr. Forster, sen.—liirminghani Journal. cAMßrariOntlillti. A REMARKABLE LUMINOUS ARM appeared in the heavens on the 19th inst., and attracted much attention in this and the neighbouring counties. Mr. Challis, of the Cambridge Observatory, thus speaks of the phenomenon: I beg to oommunieate Ruda particulars on I have been able be *d int from my own Innervation and the dissevistisms or others. Thee can be no doubt that it s , an arch be Altera Illawita At sheet half4mi wren, the beginning of ea Ames was visible la the .):.M wee In a short time enamel be me brilliancy. Mae mama we San as tree N.K.E., from el peeper whisk beware tele be gee mateeele, yertleolarly from the wellerly half. The bears wee gerarelly while • Ave rely bera reddish colour. I remeked be some Itet nee tea the /LW, eles that when they maid he es altitude be sheaf epees, they eared possibly towards the eprolh. Mr. Moor Weep MIS Owl be seised • peculiarity In die met wlde% le rarely aem. ea. that ear metes it apposed e petit epees wallet bed. The bailees are, which leer in the make' pameatedi eerier l e ea wax probably • eviler bed breed melt more ere weiMaa meal. The minimums of Its sherester= it f' cm the elm edreemere. It wears to have ries very ea r .taut 811. re et end to have been seeded le the Berth ear dd itd. le Moran and thMalgh • Willi the Great Mee Due. M g BUY *rig wan nimble it gradoelly shifted mike Ow. de. seems ereataelly to the belt of Orbs, re ereatei the rower p e e be de emeillatles Leo Mese, be Arsenio. ir w W ww w from Ole Me, se which it tecaleatel le•kiaid gen, Its breellit beeered le • melee & seer the IS mtdi~ sad Os Molehills" teetewbst heeds Ike wean her wo, . ewes It MAIM appeame be Oa lad be • soar. She • o p w ww w da p. once brailt Imre Ike wee was protekty e s a w e d per =le. it mbar wee perfectly wets, use meowww fik. woe Amp Imo cambia through E. 11. *Mbrgymy preeireerateebeanolleme ef aticate ova' w ww ere it gruklar_ althisflos be lyt wilt Mir eerie alessweier reeds en. Y he sf Ma =emir ay be eelerkiaL its ilea meattlatle te elms tress mean Yee et o w o ww ww ww teretery. At 110611, thy beer Wider owe • very Male islet *WY and ewe as much. below Pelee : the upper Mote weed Weida Comm. 114 mats peed air Moms ma woo y and es, ce the Met di the Twee rather ewer to Me former star than to the ter. It ermined poet berm Arden. end Meek Meet ilea Ow haww by sheet 4111fte dubs leered Meares the ewe At be. Me.. tad y Oriels MOPS sollvdheet treat,/ Wean sepias Ms. At tb.' lt spew bees, we • Mae bileor .Orisele aelttelewer border as each dee it pa :p. Ate lie. Meows, hedge we es ire above I Wee es fewer Weer webers Orkide the lower babe midway between a awl t Orionis. The awe elem. Mal wets atedo by Prelim Mille. who he bay &roared me with the me of ihmin. I did not happen to witness the till about Oh. Am. At 911. I took the id fterr.itobserratlon of it. position. The Sower border Port covered Orionis, and primed a little shore R Unita Maoris. time the meridian, two an y add of the Crab (celled by the old astronomers Mellow Borealis and Audio, Arsenate.) were one on the sipper, the other on the lower homier. The breadth measured by the 'midi= of these two stars wan 3 deg. 20 dm, which was nearly the of &poured besseith at this time. It terminated almost exactly at Areterua roc the test few inmates that I sow it, there Ins eery little mottos. At Oh. Mss., the western portion sud denly faded; the neat moment I remarked that the terminating pint was to the o.E. of Arcturus, and after the interval of another minute, that it piorod entirely below the stars p. and 3of the Crab. At 9h. liim. it covered the belt of Orion, aurt immediately after, clouds eathertnit from all quarters, it had a broken oppearan, throughout. The general direction of the arch was all along neatly pirpeudicular to tio magsetle meridian. This Aurora was emoceedri by wind: the air prenotply hal been still, and remarkably free from clouds. lIT.ItTFOULVSHIRL . . ANTIQUARIAN RI76ERIXI;;;L4;TRRIen employed by the Hon. Mr. Neville have lately been engaged Mexcaivating a large barrow, near Royston. Three sepulchral vases, with a small vessel resembling a lamp, all of unasked clay, have been found, with two human skeletons and portions of two animals, oue a deer, the other as yet undetermined. The r, lies are thus described. No. lie a perfect skeleton of a male adult, SO or 60 years of age, the bones in extremely good preservation, though probably more than 1,000 years old. No. 2, skeleton of a lad from 12 to 16 years of age, nearly perfect at first, but great part of it was carried off, previous to examination, by the in habitants, owing to a popular tradition that a youth had been murdered and interred at no remote period in the bar row; in refutation of which may be stated - the opinion of the geuUeman who examined them that they are the oldest bones in the barrow. The skull of the smaller animal hoe been sent to Professor Owen to be resolved on. Mr. Neville observes, with regard to the vessels, that they are of un• baked clay, moulded by the hand, and that a vase, disin terred by Professor Renslow from a similar barrow at Bot tisham, and figured in the Archaeological Journal, is a foe-simile of two out of the three vessels he has discovered ; he also remarks that the bones exhibited no traces of cre mation, though patches of charcoal were found iu several places. The barrow is the largest of a group of five, situated on an eminence, called from them Five A Co OP THE " ATuuN,uLi" has for warded to that journal the following particulars relative to a provincial votary of science whose name will be new to many, notwithstanding the notoriety clainird for it by the writer: "Died at Lyme Regis, aged 47, Mary Arming, of European fame es a discoverer of fonds, more particularly those of the ichthyosaurus, plesiosaurus, pterodaetyle, and many fish in the blue lisa of that locality. Born a dull in fant, she was taken by her nurse, while yrt in arms, to an exhibition of equestrian performances in a held. A sudden shower caused this woman and many others to seek for shelter beneath a tree, where they were struck dead by a Bash of lightning. Some one took the infant Mary Alining from among the group of dead, and put her into warm water, upon which she revived, and was ever after a lively girl. The history of Lyme Regis contains many interesting particular respecting Miss Mary Awing', history and re searches. The great ichthyosaurna now at the Briti'h Museum, was sold in situ to Mr. Hawkins by Mies Aiming." EAST sommagEr ifiliCii;;;.=llT high. sheriff has, in consiguenc• of the county assizes, changed the day originally intended for the nomination, and has issued his proclama tion, fixing Saturday, the 10th of April, for thatpurpose. No candidate has as yet appeared in opposition to Mr. Pinney, and it is the general impression be will be allowed to walk over the course, although there are still rumours that a protectionist is being brought forward. SUSSEX. A SCHOOLMASTER 'MAN FINED at Brighton police-office last week, for beating a pupil. The defendant was a Mr. Wharton, who had, according to the evidence, cruelly chas tised the son of Mr. Bickford, a surgeon. The complainant was sitting in a chair, with a book in hie hand, working a problem in Euclid, when the achoolm•ster called him an idle fellow, and snatched the chair from under him, but the child being prepared for that he did not absolutely throw him down. He afterwards inquired for a cane or stick belonging to one of the boys. The cane was brought, and defend= thrashed this boy with it till he broke it. Not content with that, he asked one of the pupils for his whip, and desired him to get it; but the pupil replied that he would rather not." Mr. Wharton said" Where is it ?" The reply was that it was up stairs. Mr. Wharton went up stairs and got it, and then beat this poor child with it in a cruel way. To prove the severity of the flogging, it was stated that the de fendant had actually cut through the clothes of the child. The complainant was examine]. He showed severe marks ,on the thighs, face, and head. The boy had, moreover, a black oye, and there were other mark, on the arm, all pro duced by the beating complained of.—The Bench were of opinion that the child had bees chwaised without any necen. city. They felt it necessary, for the protection of children who were under a master that could not command hit temper, to impose the full amount of the fine that the law imposed. He was fined 51. Defendant paid the money. LITERATURE. Three Years' Wanderings in the Northern Provinces of China; melurling a I to the Ten, Silk, and Cotton Countries; with an Account of the lg, - kuilure and Horti. culture of the Chinese. By ROBERT Fontuxe, Botanical Collector to the Horticultural Society of Laden. The title of this book is a misnomer. With the exception of the narrow strip of land that stretches out towards Hai-nun, scarcely any of continental China is south of the twenty-second parallel ; Pekin is situated nearly upon the fortieth ; Ningpo is a little north of the thirtieth, and Soo-choo of the thirty-first. Now as this last-mentioned place is the extreme north of Mr. Fortune's wanderings, it is ob vious that (even if China Proper alone, and not the whole dominions of the Chinese empire, is taken into account) they were confined to the southern provinces of China. It may also be observed that Mr. Fortune on one or two occasions speaks of having been in the interior of China. This is rather n big word, con sidering that he was hardly ever a hundred miles from the east coast, and that China Proper ex tends in breadth from the ninety-eighth to the one hundred and twenty-first meridian west of Green wich. The extent of Mr. Fortune's opportunities of per sonal observation in China may be briefly indicated. He landed at Hong Kong on the Pith of July, 1843 ; he left it to return to England on the 22nd of Decem ber, 1845. The intervening two years and a half were occupied (with the exception of a short trip to Luzon) by single visits to Canton, Namoa, Amoy, Chinchew, and Foo-choo-foo •, and by repeated visits of longer duration to Hong . Kong, tiingpo, Chosen, and Skanghae and its neighbourhood. With the exception of an overland expedition from Chapoo to Shanghae, an excursion from Shanghae to some nameless and rather vaguely indicated hills to the west of it, and a twenty-miles'iourney inland from Ningpo (of which the direction is not given), none of the ground gone over by Mr. Fortune can, strictly speaking, be called new to Europeans. Bat what ho has seen he has noted closely on repeated visits, and with a professional eye. Within the region which has its limits indicated by the points, Ningpo, Seo choo, and the eastern extremity of the Chusan group of islands, Mr. Fortune has seen more, and ' more at leisure, than any preceding traveller in China who hes published an account of his peregrinations; and his practical knowledge of horticulture h as enabled him to observe and understand much that would have escaped a mere general observer. He also mixed much with the people • and natural shrewd ness, and business intercourse, e nabled him to form a judicious estimate of their circumstances and character. He has settled definitively some disputed questions relative to tea. The only tea he saw cultivated in the Canton province was the Thea Bohm, or what is commonly called the black tea plant. But on the tea hills near Foo-choo, in the heart of the black tea dis trict, as in the green tea countries near Ningpo, in Chilean, and in the province of Kiangnan, be found the Thea Viridis exclusively cultivated, and black teas and green teas alike prepared from it. In the vici nity of Foo-choo, says Mr. 'Fortune, " I dug up a living plant, which I took northward to Chekiang. On comparing it with those which grew on the green tea-hills, uo difference whatever was observed." The tees of Fukien and Chekiang (and apparently those of Kitagnan and Kiangsi, though our author had not the same opportunities of observing) are supe nor to those of Cantu. The reason appears to be that the soil in Fokien and Chekiang "is a rich undy loam," while that of Canton is poorer. " Tea 'shrubs will not succeed well unless they have a rich soil to grow in. The continual gathering of their leaves is very detrimental to their health, and in fact ultimately kills them. Hence a principal object with the rower is to keep his bushes In as robust health as possible ; and this cannot be done if the soil is poor." In the green tea districts there are three gatherings of the leaves : the first consists of the young leaf bads just as they begin to unfold, which forms a fine deli cate hyson, sent about in small quantities as presents to Mends; the second gathering yields the teas of commerce ; the third is an after crop, yielding a very inferior tea, consumed in the district. In the black tea districts there are likewise three gatherings: the first yielding a small quantity of delicate tea, which does not appear to come into commerce; the second the export teas; and the third a come inferior tea for home use. The black tea is rendered darker in colour, first by being longer exposed to the air in a soft and moist state; and, secondly, by being subjected to a greater degree of fire-heat. " " It must not be supposed," says Mr. Fortune, " that the green teas of Chekiang are the green teas exported to England. The leaf has a much more natural colour, and has little or none of what we call the' beautiful bloom' upon it, which is so much admired in Europe and America." That the green teas from the Canton district ar simply black teas, coloured by an artificial process, i well known; and, from the similar appearance of the export green teas from the other provinces, Mr. For tune is inclined to believe that they are manufactured in the same way. Indeed, from the real green tea being subjected to a less degree of fire-heat, it may be doubted whether it could be expected without suffer ing from fermentation during the voyage. "The black teas can be, and in tact are, made from both species : and with regard to the green, " as it is the result of a dye, the Chinese, i doubt not, could substitute for that colour either red or yellow, should our tastes change and lead us to prefer more glaring tints." With respect to the quantity of tea, fit for the Euro pean and American markets, produced in China, or the extent to which its production can be increased, Mr. Fortune Were no opinion. The facts he states, however, are adverse to the supposition that it admits of any immediate great augmentation. In Chekiang, " the tea plantations are always situated on the lower and most fertile sides of the hills, and never on the low lands. The farms are small, each consisting of from four to five acres ; indeed, every cottager has his own little tea-garden, the produce of which sup plies the wants of his family, and the surplus brings him in a few dollars, which are spent on the other seminaries of life." Again, "being further south, and of course in a better climate, the tea-plant of Fokien is generally grown at a high elevation among the hills. Every cottager or small farmer has two or three patches of tea-shrubs growing on the hill-sides, which are generally planted and kept in order by the members of his own family. When the gathering season arrives, the cottage doors are locked, and all proceed to the hills with their baskets, and commence plucking the leaves," The whole process of prepar ing site teas is conducted by the same parties. The preparation of tea fur the market is, in China, a mere domestic manufacture, a business of detail. Any rapid or marked increase in the quantity produceds can only be effected by carrying on the process on a large scale by a combination of capitalist, and labourers. But in China there are no agricultu ral capitalists: the merchants, the only wealthy men, are regarded as an inferior nate, and checked by the regulations of the most completely centralised and vexatiously interfering government in existence. These facts lead us to question the possibility of soon materially increasing the quantity of tea tit for our markets prepared for export in China. But for these circumstances, it is pretty obvious that it could be considerably extended. It is, to be sure, sufficiently ob vious from Mr. Fortune's observations, that the range within which good teas can be grown is limited. South of Fokien, the tea is of inferior quality. North of Chekiang, we learn from other authorities, it is again inferior. No exportable tea has yet been re ceived from any place west of the great road from Canton to Nankin. Even within this range, it is only on certain soils, declivities, elevations, and ex posures, that good teas can be grown. But it is clear tram what Mr. Fortune saw, that within this range there is much uncultivated land, and that which is under cultivation is not economically tilled. The cultivation of the only other articles of agri cultural produce capable of being exported that came under Mr. Fortune's notice, were cotton and silk. Like tea, they are produ ced by small farmers or landowners, in small quantities, prepared by their families for the market, carried there by the growers, and disposed of in small quantities. The cotton annually produced does not suffice for the consumption of the country. A consi derable quantity is annually imported. There is not in China, in any of these three branches of cultiva tion, that division of employment and combination of labour which facilitates augmented production. Our only notices of the sugar cultivation by eye-witnesses date as far back as Lord Macartney's embassy; hut they indicate the same primitive state of affairs in that branch of industry. Manufactures (with the excel). tion of a few articles of curiosity, embroidered silks, and the like) China has none for export. All these things indicate that our trade with Chins is likely to increase slowly, and that great caution is required in pushing it. It is not enough that a large population is willing to receive our manufactures, unless it have something to give us in return. Mr. Fortune's sound natural sense has enabled him to sec that of the new ports opened to us in China, Shanghae is the only one that promises to become of consequence. In Ningpo . he detected the marks of former superiority declining. The banking business of the provinces to the north centres there, but there are few commodities. Ningpo has no extensive back country whence to draw its supplies. And the curious and interesting details of Mr. Fortune's visit to the mountains south of that city show that a considerable proportion of the soil is held in mortmain by incor porations of priests, which has ever been found un favourable to the development of commerce. The staple article of export in Foo-choo-foo is timber, which we can procure better and cheaper elsewhere: even Ningpo is more favourably circumstanced for collecting cargoes of tea than that city. But Shanghao Is situated centrically in the Delta-land of the Yang tae-Kiang, and its water communications render it capable of being made an emporium for the produce of the whole of that great plain, and also of the adjacent provinces of Chekiang and Kiangsi, and indeed, of the whole basin drained by the great river we have named. We have alluded above to an overland excursion made by Mr. Fortune from Chapoo to Shanghae. It was of the utmost consequence for him on one occa sion to reach Shanghae in the least possible time from Ningpo. Had he taken the regulated route by Chum, this would have been impossible, He therefore embarked in the passage-bed to Chapoo, and proceeded thence by canal to Shanghae. The narrative of his adventures by the way, of the timorous attempts by the Mandarins at Chapoo, not to prevent his passage, kat to contrive the means of extorting a penalty from him, and of the obvious connivance of the town governor at Shanghae, show that one main obstacle to a more extensive and familiar intercourse between our traders and the natives is our complicated and cumbrous consular system. The main object of the Chinese government in admitting these officials has obviously been to obtain their assistance in preventing free and easy intercourse between the English and Chinese. English residents, with much less ostensi ble power, communicating with a resident at l'ckin, would be invaluable; armed with the powers they have, and communicating with a governor-superin tendent at Hong Kong, it is with difficulty they escape from being made instruments of vexatious coercion of their countrymen. Americana, and other nations who have no such consular system as ours, can and will extend their personal intercourse with the natives. They will gain their friendship, and thus force the governors to favour them, if they would avoid complaints at Pekin. They will learn by their familiar communications what commodities are likely to find a market among the Chinese. All these things the English, immured in the Castile of their consular system, will find of more difficult accomplishment. The facts and suggestions we have here gleaned from Mr. Fortune's book will indicate sufficiently . its real value. By his correct observations and judicious remarks—as well as by his efficient discharge of his professional duties—he has turned his visit to China to excellent account. It would be unfair to coa elude our notice without a tribute to his heroism. In the straits of Formosa, Mr. F., the only fight ing man on board a junk in which he had taken his passage, with his double-barrelled gun, beat off on one oc c asion four, and on another three, well-appointed piratical vessels. According to his own phrase, he " raked their decks fore and aft," and made them take to flight. This country has of late expended a good deal of money, and not a few lives, in attempting to put down piracy by men of war, and armed steamers. Would it not be better to substitute Mr. Fortune and his double-barrelled gun ? PHILHARMONIC Soctrrr.—The second Philhar monic concert last evening, was chiefly of a sacred character. The first part consisted of the symphony in Q minor from Spobr's oratorio" The Last Judgment ; ' a selection from Mendelssoltn's " St. Paul ;" and Beethoven's Mass in C. The second part was entirely enmpoacd of Beethoven's ninth, or choral symphony. These pieces constituted one of the noblest performances we have ever heard within the walls of the Hanover-square rooms; though, from their being all known to the musical public, they do not afford-much subject for remark. Bpohr's " lAst Judgmat " is his first oratorio, and it is generally esteemed hie bat. Its fall of sublimity, without that excess of Nl tioa which makes some of his later works sal yomileross. The symphony in C minor is a Ilso lh i lli A ir et etametral writing, full of 'grand effects, which me maosced by the clearness and comparative sim plicity dew store. It was followed by the beautiful soprano air from "8R Paul," " Jerusalem, thou that talon the '--~