The Express. — London, England, 1857-04-04 00:00:00

LITERATURE. ft Life Charlotte Brosst7. By Mn . Gasleee. To vols. Smith. Elder, and Co. A sadder hook than this it has never been our lot to read. It is the desolate record of a brilliant but desolate carecr—the sternly truthful history of the life-battle of a woman of genius against the taint of hereditary disease, the pressure of narrow circum stances, and the blight of family sorrows. The fleet thirty years of Charlotte Brusite's life were spent in obscure lee for bread—the bitter bread of de pende bly bitter to a sensitive nature like hen • and when at last the world did unexpected sad ;udden homage to her genius, the acknowledg ement came too late—it came when the iron of soli tude and sorrow bad eaten deep into her meal, when the premature death of her dearest had left her to the brilliant mockery a fame without sympathy, and the intense solits ds of a home without companionship. Henceforth we venture to predict that few figures in the annals of literature will stand out more clear and distinct than that of this frail and sensitive woman of genius, "shy and silent from the long habit of intense soli tude." who " while the nations were praising her far off " still sate conipanionlcas in that dull gray among the ram-blackened tombstones of sweet churchyard, with the wild sweeps of bleak Yorkshire moorland spreading interminably above and around it. There are some graves over which a cairn is a fitter monument than a mausoleum. There is the inspiration of a kindred genius in the truthfulness with which Mrs. Gulch has told the story of Charlotte Bronte. Thoroughl well and artistically has the work been accomp lished; so informing method presides over the whole ' • the illustrations are selected with admirable judgment ; there is no feebleness or redundancy ; every circumstance has a dim* Marin on the main object of painting. Ago wanly and accurately, a real picture of the women me des wee. The courage of the book is extras dimly the defects of the living . are not spared; b w instance the vices of the living are held up to the reprobation of the world with a boldness entirely naval is modern literature. It may be a quo.- tice indeed whether, in this respect, Mrs. Gaskell his not transcended the limits of true taste and diserelies. It should never be forgotten that no .sided version of any story can be safely trusted, and that while the writer of a universally reed book 2:17 will be) has all the cultivated world for &e -the incriminated person has no corresponding mane of palliation and defence. This is, however, net a defect of which in this age we are much dis posed to complain. Freedom of speech is not the evil under which this generation peculiarly , suffers, sad it ought never to be forgotten that if the indig gent exposure of vice is not necessarily a virtue., yet the tame toleration of it is necessarily the reverse. Ina powerful opening chapter Mrs. Gaakell draws with a few bold strokes a vigorous sketch of the Went Riding county and the IVest Riding people. She then passes to the early life and character of the Rev. Cheeks Brenta, the father of Charlotte, and evidently the parent stock of much that was daring and eccentric in the genius of the daughter. He was a self-raised man. His father appears to have been a small farmer in the south of Ireland, and Charles was one of ten children. At sixteen he began to keep school; a little later liccame private tutor in a gentleman's family, and at flee-and-twenty entered at St. John's College, Cambridge. After leaving the University he went at once into York shire, and settled as curate at Ilartshead, where, in 1812, he married Miss Branwell, a lady (coin Pen zance, then on a visit to a relative in the north. A family came in rapid succession—Mary, Eliza beth, Charlotte (born April 21, Isle), Emily (Ellis Bell), Anne (Acton Bell), and one son, Patrick Bran well. In February, 1E520, Mr. Brontë, with his delicate wife and young family, removed to Haworth, the place where he, the sole sun lees of his race, still dwells,and where his celebrated daughter principally resided to the day of her death. " There are those yet alive," says Aire. Gaakell," who remember seven heavily-leden carts lumbering slowly up the long atone street, bearing the ' new parson's household goods to his future abode —a wild place and a wild population, of which every . one who would form a right notion of the educational Influences that acted on Charlotte Brente would do well to get some adequate picture. The following are two of the most graphic we can find : the first by Mrs. Gaskell, and the second by an anonymous Teeter to a place which the genius of Alias Drente had then made famous. The village is about four miles from the populous West Riding town of Reighley—the point of view in Mn. Gaskell's sketch it the foot of the ascending road which leads from the town to the village. Bight be/as the traveller on this road rid" Haworth 4. bp; he am ass it for two miles bade he arrives, fur it is illnelad en the sill eta pretty steep hill, with • back ground of dua end pm* MOWS, riang and weeping away yet higher era the isaina, which is built at the very summit of W ias, maw steed. All round the horleon than is this sewn lir elt imam ovens hills; the scoop. into which nip vernainperbee hills beyond, of draw odour aeon sensed with erg& blest sween—grani, trees tho Mess oh CAW' sod incehmeee whirl they suggest, or egyeantre kern the i llythey give of Ming mat-up by sew uswelenimo end e Inwiw, according to the WA dub' In Olga the egardsOno may boa The dime smut is ma isso flee* the re maw wes_il . eledg, vs resolved to sake our concedeMeteeeth No packed ourselves blis allig =lraltbs. rid dat lab the gig, and set off about dna Tr 61814 mil dr day was just suited to the veratry—wild per gram ot cloud clam ing over this sad Mae lad than any of sunshine meetly .tailing sal reatteg with a dim magical light upon seses .. M . vies, le &nag down into e lel distarry, of Ara* le n e stti li =a — Z et drain winch her la the Islam The wistry got aids end wader es w morseshed Hativeth; for the lea her Wier we wears& abia= se aser et the eery top of a bleb Item the been Alto et Haworth. The vilheweireet Malt le tree star deereat Mk I have ewer ems, and the Mena se se hregity girl, that I should have get set tad wallbed with W—Of perlidu ink having Ire began tie meted to asp wee ad et the gewelast. Al Ur bp wee the Inn , who in pet'* etre W the dwell; rd the clergyman's hewn we were told, was at *step tits elarthyard. So Phthed we mat —a army, &Mr ylese, Menaly yla rein-bleckened tolabAli•MIII. art else the ex at Haworth there a on the Moat height • Maher end Mr. Prootes honer efaa aadderably above the dutch. Bach was the place, and each the house, to which the new parson, on that bleak February morning of 1820, brought his frail wife and his infant children. The climate of the place and the unhealthiness of the situation soon did its work. Mrs. Brontd— described by those who knew her as "a meek, re tiringyerion, of great amiability and considerable talent --sickened and died is Sept., 1821. She tame Hato this bleak moorland of the north from the Mildest region of the extreme south-west, and had within her, no doubt, the seeds of that fetal malady of which every one of her chil dren ultimately perished. A year after her death , her sister, Miss Bnnvrell, took up her residence ' at the parsonage ; and there, with his sister-in-law, his six children, and a faithful old Yorkshire nurse, the widower continued to midc. He had always been a solitary man ; ho became more so; he ate alone; he walked alone; he saw no company. His notions on many points were peculiar. During his wife's life he had burnt a silk dress she had last purchased, deeming each indulgence in consistent with the hmits of their narrow swans. He brought up his children with Spartan hardihood, and on one occasion dung into the fire a little row of dry shoes which the ear.- !al aid nurse had prepared for the return of the Made late from the moors. The children were thrown lips each other for companionship—they had the Pea at a dirty good library, and early became de lve/NMI et leeks. The intellect of all showed re ineettabie presecity. The following proves et can th e *Oar character of r ag fathe e r and the surly development et the &Mem : en Wlzmeldlerea WOO •1117 pIINS s what, am as the dim* yes 'beet Us yeses et nee, sad tie CaleyMestiletst fee, OWN( der they law mom than I dbeeneed, man lo nobs era weak win is 1 Inas' dot id 1 . 1 0 11 .11E11 red s beppeelse to have a meek ••■ 16 •••• lOW ei lira had agog boldly dam side ferrlddle berg ebb thernipra (dank allenrarde belt= rwed Ada ma En be mei 'WM ; she ald =iftd. badew. , i n re, ilinrs•l• whe asassids ed I loy d : "Ramses 1116 , be Wa to reseals Ha." I Wed Wm lem red mal ebn dot we IDs bet way af bruin tbe ed. Isms between the tatslbcb el era end mass ; he aa sumsol, -Br easiisess Ye damn between Man is Orb Mks. ' Idm Med Chistnee mint was the lest leek is Ss world ; she seamed, "The PM" And what wse Es nest bet ; shs mimed, The Beek el I dna Mel the ant when was the Mt mist simintiou for a warm; shs anssnmed, "Time vide wsnll mks bar rabbet hem wdL" Meg, I Ma tin dimat what WY the el Me; shesastme4 "By hying It sot in ... mmilen he a sionity." I nis7 not have Mr man I Ms met, Me so, as C l uinl y 7ilmsp sod Ming ingsseden on tap mowey. The enbthinee, sew ossidly whet I Me AM. Wire a Itle Intim winneed. they wen in the habit af writing (Cheelette wee the prinipal scribe) " drama, tales : F e ar roanneue.• That even set up • 11S. , white that dulled the Little M agazine. following extract, written by Charlotte to her 14th year, is curious, both as Ting an account of the pursuits of these singular cbi{dnn,and as evidence of the early habit they had Aimed of committing their thoughts to writing : VII HIITOIT 171 Till TRAIL-1829. Out• Tape teat ay Jar Maria a book. It wee an old MgraPMel • she wrote oa bra INA " Paps lent me e1k. 117 " Tile beet le • boded awl twenty pew eld; it is se ibis nomad tribe before in. White 1 webs thief r Y the Ititsbea of lima Pinery, Haworth; Tabby, the sansmi, smile y the breakfast thin p, sad ham, my sides (Mamas mysibm), is m we kaselimit am t doh es aiak Tabby bp bass far es. By Is ths pew, keribiag So Gwyn. aad rutse' Ise gene le Insley . Ann le up *be bee mean, sad Ime sill* by the adds =Wog Mb he the kitchen. Heighby Amami Imrs hat mem bows bare. Peps end 1 an pee In dr annyapr, it Lois lotrlbywrr a aid atni=; . :l l . lo4 vi ' Mr. NVoed,' sled papiner, Me . V. take tun sad see lases a weet. We take the Lash hibillipavvr, Iwp, r IY Leas Memory, whirr, edited by Ilz.Deless. wad hie IMAM, mss-ia-law, sad his two law l a, Ulna Ned Tan. Wit see the AIM Bra; It i• • ligh_iey, is dolma. M the m r. Driver Inee an es !ho wls ANWspereast primal there is. nubile le 11r. I=iit . : a eiil.a, 74 yewws ths lat et Ape his •bb me= I. Magna &Dabney, ib ar iestal. Weeni ble ar i dan d =g, a ens of most estnerdlnwveir, a " O ar :r . 7 aelebintel; Tenn less," Jon, MC Jab, lebradms," naher, 11111. 71m. en our thesec yip, list are a l it kept emit. lailfsaad my beet wen estalload the 1.1 of Dasuabse, 1127; the others, melt, 10214. Before the time at which we have now arrived death had been busy among the children. The two eldest girls bad fallen victims to the hereditary malady. accelerated in the case of the eldest by the unhealthiness of the school at Cowan's Bridge, the Lowood of " Jane Eyre." This eldest girl (Mans), the Helen Burns of the story, died soon after leaving the school, in 1825. Charlotte had been there with her, and it is a singular proof of the intensity of her early impressions that the Lowood scenes in "Jane Eyre" are scarcely exaggerations of what actually pealed before the observation of this child of nine years of age. After the sister's death Charlotte went to Miss M °o'er. school at Hoe Head, where she op peen to have spent about the happiest period of her life, and in the neighbourhood of which she acquired the local and traditionary knowledge which she afterwards worked up in " shirley. After leaving school, the girls for awhile remained at borne, leading the wort of life described in the fol lowing extract : The three girls sesdle waft Norma towards tlw.`lle black" moors, the ••••0 1 11 mom which " . .„..... & ""1,3 ben sad there • none piney; t/ they bad Um to go far ensugh, they lonia • walerall, -- Wale Non ink MI over sews redo inn lt. "but..." Mr: endue wain intalwages eine* the relep. v alere shy of wank. nen Yee, and was shout ea the: been of die very peon They were twins et Ds Ilenlaraien, • bale whin. Chu bb. up any pen sear sin wee lett alone; but they sever heed bah lid rebnierey, aid &bray,' m ined the solitude mil he inn et* moon. up, and is thus described : in the middle of the summer of 1815, a great family plan wag moot* at the lg pawner. The m iicia was to what trade reimets should Braawdl he wit Re was now wady alsresie ; it was time se H. wee wry cheer, so ; prhapa . to be& whh, the gurus is this rare ismily. The *tin Weft. *dr emu, er web othse's powers, but they how lies. The lainr, Ignorer el may tamp he mewl sada* did reed homer to the peat gifts of his sus; for Branisre Nis* wen seadgissiwithary brought set tor the awkeedamer et Ohm. Wider aiskedes was street to his. And *I peat useplum hriat rob " wale sad * the the Terkeenimm hers a hem wath ge i rl it latesofes rem* I* them*. *alb dherlisn'ot having Ids away saseemadsd by the hailed of the Bleck Ban Se say dime rewellisr who siert happen Is lied solitary or del searkr Iliuser. "De you weir sum sae Is help you with pis Ise* okt If you de, TI mai mi sr Petrick" (so the Akers marl him nil their of hls . Aced "di the mmesire WINS. the Wept* el* Nesseals ef the der Were of the hay, whirs ries** *mum awl peat ssuresalheelpswers were the rib of the village. Of this NM at training no good scold come. The result, however, was worse this seas the worst fore bodings could haft aaticipalled. It is a long and dreary storv—the saddest episode, perhaps, in the whole of this sad life drama. Enough to say, that this lad, so genial and brilliant in 183.1, died in 1848 at the age of seven-and-twenty—after having been for years a cleaving curse to his family—a degraded bond•slave to the two poisons of opium and alcohol. In 11139,after some months of fruitless literary 'spin tions and secret correspondence on the chances of lite rary success with Wortheleorth and Southey, Charlotte Bronte, for the first time, went out as a governess. In this miserable occupation (for such it necessarily was to a shy, intensely silent, and sensitive being) she appears to have spent three most unsatisfactory years. At length she came to the conclusion that a greater stock of positive knowledge and accomplish ment was absolutely indispensable to any chance of success even in this career, and prevailed on her father and aunt to allow her and her sister Emily to reek on the Continent the means of supplying their deficiencies. In February, 1812, Charlotte and Emily Bronte entered the pension of Madame Heger, in the Rue Isabelle, Brussels. This sojourn, which in Charlotte's ease lasted for two years, supplied the materials for that most powerful of all her won derful fictions, " Villette." The readers of that ex traordinary novel will find the greatest interest in retracing, by Mrs. Gaskell's aid, the real events on which the novel is founded, or rather of which it is the narrative and transcript. We must hasten over the remaining stages of the history. Charlotte re turned in 1844 to the lonely parsonage among the moors. Its solitude was more oppressive than ever. "There was a time," she writes in 1845, " when Haworth was • very pleasant place to me; it is not so now. I feel as if we were all buried here. I long to travel, to work, to live a life of action." The brother was mouldering in indolence and de bauchery the sisters were earning precarious bread, in • career for which, with all their genius, they ware singalarly unfitted. It is no wonder that they turned again with passionate longing to litera ture. The story of their first struggles to find a publisher for the "Poems of Ellis, Currer and Acton Bell," has been often told be fore, and we shall not repeat it. The poems had only a moderate success. At length, in the summer of 1846, "Jane Eyre" was oom- mewed ; in August, 1847, it was accepted by Means. Smith and Elder; in October it was pub lished, and before another month had elapsed it had taken supreme pomession of the whole reading world. The glee/ sone at last in a full tide, but it came too late. The shattered nerves—the mot bid timidity, fed by ssl and restraint, had done their work. Ms power et dajoying popularity was gone —the uneventlbl dulness of the lame lite had been exchanged for a rapid sad andi suooession of deaths. Within eighteen graft ban the publica tion of "Jane Eyre " the Imager ant the two sisters were swept away, and name remslasd in that lonely moorland parsonage except the solitary old man mid the world-famons daughter. " Shirley " was pub lished in October, 1849 ; "Villette," not till 1853. The world's applause grew louder and louder; the mteg ri r: the literary more-des - g uerre was at en end. tt was tempted on all sides by all manner of awes to receive the attentions which cultivated• tall kinds were eager to render her. But Sleisald not then recast bee lib, and with • few Wet isisnras of visits to bee publish= in Lomita sad Mine sliswhere (whisk now sprit is have bema admons et pisasard) abs dwelt Newt ender the Mei& reer et theggghe sasthemmma From the letter white bas aka* owned us with • description of the village sad ths bases ws take this graplue • of the life at Ms Imetes : prute the dear epsusd, sad la elm • mostlik by es id amilsmas very Illu ffa C a r atag sill, who shah Itimile with as and Om vast to soma Ids inghtsr. A keg Werra, *ring whish wawa* the all and inka at splints of Wm Bun" by ifsfmall, the airy ' THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, APRIL 4, 1857. manse d the roam, Lehi mad place ea the be. waken et the been sans mest at them nen=st min dase Mks s elle as a tes n la, en wilds' est 7 HWY, M r issit as engin be tab of my Inn, mil been In& nailer ma Minh. The imeensiell sine stairs and hem hen Entwies_primpeled weed. wonnun lee* ham aid sin Wben -- 110 We die laden again we bard ening venenneeshh, nen he Esse nen strangbillr=i•W' mew be Ineghl it wee em en be le in ,g o ly me /A v o n 4. et esin ci PoNallig i rr MgWhig W— a tesewpree. wee sgpmesaat till we wen limaali spe is seldi the gond warmth at Miss Mcßee, dada the red xis W pleura her he,. Wei we Mind hen noes lisp; he elmaike at the people—shen her nine ; es., it dr idt r nem le help ebsss ihmer, teepee's, hen did tat nen he ea age. The di deg bed nand; •ht only- Mewl dig heated us nil\ hie asemmay he sues an hat bag nellbeled a with home ask es ere were Mt dews. At in is Manuel, hinesiby the meld en ding which seeds es el men esdhelable s ; seil we led mho wW w = met eneeselkm is as d ull at nth timpani thin we eiggesch he et in W— form thee it we \ poet them ad we MI Manse se nem sir bones. No yenned eg tangenned bed her *peen le ley es a visit in Ace snag; end the ell gnomes hedger hewed saes nee ham Ms doh teem gen-bye, we retained to helm and deb he bed at ear way Yr men& We need Net perm the story farther. After gnat reluctant, the htber's consent was obtained to Charlotte's meniege with the Rev. Mr. Nicholls. Then came nine mand of almost unalloyed happi ness:—then, on the Met March, 1855, in the 39th year of her age, the end. Let those who would know more, who would know all that can be told, and ought to be told, hasten to read this history which a woman of kindred genius has fearlessly and truthfully written of Charlotte Bronte. A Pilgrimage into DeaspAini. By the ltcv. 0. M. MUnGnAve, M.A. Hunt and Filackett. Mr. Musgrave is ono of the plea/mutest of tra vellers. He is insatiably inquisitive ;he is =suscept ible of fatigue ; he never objects to turn out of his line of road to visit a spot consecrated by historical recollections; he is conscientious, amusing, and graphic. lie has an eye for everything literary, historical, or industrial. lie ions much at home in a farm as in a library or a cathedral. The conse quence is, that he has given us a book in which he not only carries us along with him in his travels easily and without fatigue, but sows instruction broad-cast. Here, for instance, is a piece of agricul tural information, which will be new to many of our scientific agriculturists. It relates to an artificial manure manufactured at Bondy by a company established for the purpose. Surely, if the sewage of l'aris can be so profitably employed, something might be done with that of London : The firm console of a rich and powerful company, mono polising all the night-soil of Paris (fifteen miles dolma), and r. lesestres exhibit an accumulation of deposits from tiny and brilliant capital, from which the nose of a what se tone grower mold alone inhale grateful aromate. Then emiseens a thaniegh incorpuration ; and the &r -aging vegetable end Inn matters, wash, by slow acmes, a engin Siemindissi; the whole procoas occupy ieg a 'ed at hem nen nee yams when, at length, a natural, bolharbeens, semi unvarying manure I. ceneseted, five he. smeh en shin to increase, is, an neat hitherto weinembie by seklialel admixtures, the =Svan et i=entisetese bad, sod, a fortiori, t a genes* The eerigispe et slid e of the Seine and Men (he nitrite,. se I siesned, by the proximity of hi Inn Is the greet sedespalls) haw ash experiments wide' the het throe yaws alb twigs pro sad the pul vein madder above mmelseek sa allernete breadths of whist growth ; esteedizi es he tad ewer a very oonankvable width, an derked di stash; sad the result has in variably shown that this aeanand with the Bundy &elevated isigb• sag aaeseai by twenty per cent. that which was min ice'umgeringlv bestrewn writ!' boss enst, seat, rage, di milm and gun. 'This seull led us Min Mien that lbs inns this eirmintly projected , ham retabaaia.seneirs et Deny, anis ter mon. than a owe espeassig. An to onset awn Is Weed into the ask, taearestin et win is hm haughtily . tin that if the anbory indieshelee kern . 4 nt dog ; and ale. r. the agars, to eai miser dn. soil open which it acts as en ellseative, Ili k improves and enriches it with fresh apps e& matter sad smostleas of highly fertiliaing quality. A hamar orropying a moll estate in the notglibourbend of Emus had just bervend his crop of Coles rape, whim I we returning in August, lkib, from Central France; sad his testimony was conclusive on this sub ject. Having set apart a tract of land corresponding exactly in extent with one on which a fellow-agriculturist had sewn Coln and foreign guano, ho deemed it with the Beady pounder exchisively. The average product from the gaavoed Geld was sixteen bushel. to the English acre; that hose the freer paldrer, fifty-four; without any appraninces of that exhaustion which the Preach cultivators impute as • anima objection to the employment of the Chinihs Islands' &un. lie is attracted by the sight of a large chimney, and immediately sets on foot inquiries as to its pur pow, when he learns that the building to which it belongs is a manufactory of dried soups. I lydruulic pressure is brought to bear upon large quantities, of mixed vegetables, which are compressed into a solid substance, a cake of which of the size of the palm of the hand would make a potage for eight persons. The promise he found would be as applicable to the banks of the Thames as to those of the Canul de Mureq. In this way he travels over the whole of hi+ route, picking up all kinds of facts which can by anv pos sibility have an interest in the eyes of Englishmen, and of which they have little knowledge, on account of the countries through which he travelled being little frequented by travellers. Ile describes SL Meet's mansion and the making of champagne with the samegusto ns that which distinguishes his account of Rheims Cathedral. Perhaps his architectural and historical tendencies are more manifested than any other which he possesses. He turns out of his direct course to visit a " Mehemet or mosque, built by Pierre l'Anglure, by virtue of a comport made between him and the Sultan in the days of the cru sades, which obliged him to raise a Turkish temple in his native home, in consideration of his release from captivite as a prisoner-of-war living among the Saracens! He starts off to Varennes foe the sole purpose of seeing the spot where the unfor tunate Loins XVI. was detained, and inquires into all the circumstances connected with the detention. The people stare at him, for he is the first English man they have seen. They press round him to have a look at Queen Victoria a head on a sovereign. There is no banker in the town, and no merchant or I shopkeeper will give money for what they persist in calling a medal, as there to no indication of value upon it. Luckily he meets with an Herculean abbe, a scholar and an excellent fellow. lie gives the ' author change and excellent cheer. our indefatig able traveller then proceeds to sketch the spots con nected with the history of the detention of Louis. While thus occupied he makes an acquaintance most fortunately with a who procures him permission to inspect t he proves rerbal, or entry of all the proceedings accompanying the arrest. This document had been examined by one person only since the Revolution—M. Lamartine. From this he makes curious extracts printed in the work. Having learned that at St. Mihiel-en-Lorraine, on the road to Commerey, there ix "the finest group of sculpture in its peculiar genre in Catholic Christen dom," he starts off in that direction. When he reaches it he is enchanted: TY of thirteen figure., Life see, stands In • shallow am or rooms, wrought in the thkkuses of the wall, deer deism het long, nine feet high, and du deep hoses trod in Offteladod to nee seen the sew tomb hewn Ple dthe solid rock), and exhibda the body of our Lord in% parlat at the head end ahotddere bye turbaned 1Y odor of the East, evidently meant To7T . t n , affs 'aeph of Arimatima; the lap and feet resting on the projected knee of a simileity tied lore in the costume of a ruler of the Jews; "muter el Israel." wbo " came to Jesus by night" A inialo figure in moot elaborately adorned at tire, miting Mary Magdalene (where the foreign artiste iably depict thus extravagantly dressed, ) le an her imisek bearing • napkin on her right wrist, aid seem r lt• approaching the feet to kiwi them. A mall win stands just under the napkin. Immediately behind bar Is an angel standing with head inclined towards Ile led Indy, as if In adoration; and holding the large rib wile we 'anneal to have been recently drawn out of lie limed hands and feet. Close on the left of the ce lestial ?Wand is a eras meet; and behind, er, rather, at the mirtromity of the cave, toward" the front, is a female, intended for Mary, wife of Ckopos, bending over rim:i blito which she appears to be emptying a vessel, sup- pond to have contained water employed to wash the holy ink and the wounds wherewith it had been marred. Ito seedidely behind Ni demos, who is bending on his right Irmo, while supporting the legs of the body en hie left, is am lie Ramming Mother of Christ, whose left arm rests sm tie outstretched arm of John. The beloved disciple elieek beside her, arlorbs her en the left with kis= mat A fcmale Bono imisitately behind the moss, tea ioneentela would min* nowise to be Beim Vero ▪ ie seem fie _ 11. his by the Virgin Neff IS the tad OA Mid JM d Arimatture are area two haMmaksi lows, AeeelYg the midi= who east lots for tie ammiem tad, goring Mn As von a military drum-head: Promiment ha sort at tient is a leak figure (Mary, psrimps, the mother of Jams and Judah holding the moan edam with both beak and pains on it in mg nosy of sorrow ; and behind her ia • rated figure, the Ronan Centurion, in doep and mournful meditation ; sad tide eamplete: the group. • • • • I have WS salting la Europe awereshio with ibis 'se duction. The Imes ea the sane MOM la the Apes of at. Koch in Park, vim • isproselliks ef the Sepulchre in the rock is = sia b ir y b = heleatig ills ia • CORM ON ; Mt 1184 7 ran? so with Ilia bee est dierahlted the inkiest ilia Ihi hail era flay emo atiffileg sell it pranks ; bet the Abet le aimed. the igen@ big= entre eed throw, tesse a mi ne of a *lie promelow the huh. Now, I. the awe of it. Mild lbserg tibia ill shad within a apace of is yeti by twa t net swat In awe nal cad triable' la aeressuele of sib bloody arm positions. The espollioll ef ban Min the Iher lose of etch porstospoit to tecialboly es babel the Molar with •no of it et • Each sesue to le biestly end painfully ocsu Mimi of seelldlet to be ease;losnmteg WA net te grai ke. 1 as Is tho prima is minisbeing mei Iwo ilp is = I . No ass yesesioge 6 reptoombil efikossiag eseder. The missy iiiseet In the Vhshes es estossies b mos towline. The .awed" bee Weal lime* Ad "se•L" The potty weasel al of St last vie mom so he deeply Mossent with the ma of the Soder amp •• ioseetly spill hint by bb heir, Sam de Coves, is eibeir ably fediested Sy dr oratar sin In whkh be ✓em to be nibs pepsin to ens* the ha et Ur a bet hitothog mother dor le egitsid hoe by any busk bta i llottemspoor welled es a == herb the hot et ail body ' =ins sot wei me conspeks." The hod nod bead of the ether Mazy, who holda set the . crows of & at ease hr in a downward direction, ea perks* es the cruelty that could devise and 1 sosisabisbnomM of tortnre—sad on the bums- titbits leessoace of dr moSeer--is sninssUy beautiful. The owswallee of trove Is disomeed la the iaolation of Nioodems sad J sencerisi by tires who were the iikerieta. sou of the divine is et Mary e t wit e.. mining le ert armadillos sr him . Jaseph of Adassiscs appears to be wrapt la thou ton the wellagney of his illordiag to that Holy Ono the nice of aspeihre ; ss if bislang, is that moment, the ful filment of ths prophecy that am% big menden might sp ill, their victim • grave is owoura with the wicked eve with the irapmitsee amblercast hung by Ilia rem), the crurined Lard iseld lie with a rich man in his death. Tams is a vest oolliersnios In this persosage which beoposks deep item* sad empowering conviebona, sesecieleil will eels delleit is bob( rabid to seo this, hie ownotew toes is stab sow w MI beam laid, thus con sortia sedi saectlid. If lesism s zres Me air, as if in capable of area. With COM lip be sons to pee red whit might result, if, in eed, all Met be boid !lewd in declaration, or implied in no sablgeses pr?dictine, :1 121 L hatl interview by night, " for tear of the Jews' (which Joseph, at Ida side, had also evinced) should come to paw; even as this lifting up to the Crew of suffering bad been realised. The Centurion, who had, only a few hours before, Mir(4 "this Man" to be truly the Sun of God, i t ekil lseed en as not to &ppm in immediate wieocistii n with any of the individuals above mentioned. He sits as if awe-struck and confounded. Having witnessed that good enufefteinn at the foot of the Cross, he seems to have shrunk into hinmelf, and "Old things we passed away" in that man. All this scriptural chameteriaticalnesa is predicable of the several statues here dewribed ; and if to this wonderful fidelity of representation be imperadded the merit of exqui site handling in all the dread, sad of a harmony which would admit of no improvement in the disposition of the whole, though one meet* the introduction of the modern drum, the claim of this obscure and comparatively unknown mu terpiece of genius to the homage of the world's rorosernti, and of every sincere lover of taste and truthfulnese in rombi melees, cannot but be fully acknowledged. There is an inexhaustible fund of amusement and knowledge in this work. The author has gone over new. ground, and has allowed nothing to escape bin' I. AN ERA IN ENGLISH LITERATURE.—How bitter was the interval between the em of patronage and the era of the public, is well known, from a famous passage in Macau lay. Johnson—whose immortal " Letter to Chesterfield" (more cutting in its lofty and reflood satire than any letter of Junius, to our mind), first sounded the doom of the old system—wait a stout pilgrim through that valley towards the iklectslile mountains of large editions and opulent reviews. A bad age was that which followed on the hey-day of Addi son and l'rior. Fielding and tiroollett were poor. Church hill had to tell the world , of the former days, that— " —WWI thus Want@ b. rowel 'mows nobleman" Horace Walpotre experience could justify him in observing of Burke—'• Ifs ha. • little of the airs of authorship about him—a• if he thought it a great thing to be an suthar—ho trill Aid our hi. insitlakt." Smollett had known the misery of dealing with "dorm little fellows who are called great men." Nino, in allonym," exclaims Burke, in his aid __ "is lbs soli; b a ma David Hos fool Os osier au sew lldast though David was @Frog of incsmarably nobler blued than nine-tenths of thsseisloersey of England. Lite rature continued to cow mai influence, and to improve as a profession ; but intli =My k slid not stand so well, in pmportion, as in Whir lIMB. The mmt Johnson himself, as Mr. Grolier tells tla, IBM 111:4114 mach attention from the high world. There Irae, Weed. a podostrev ; but it am rather as that ugly modern o=moms—Vs M. He was net loved as lien Jenson was by Paraltelue, or Swift by Bo lingbnike. By the middle of Mt notary society had be moo more outrictad in its sympatlite—nuire fastidious is its demands for exactly that kiM of amt and of manner which belonged to Melt. • • A great dad, of couno, depends on the fashion at any given tune, and the fashion very much depends on the court. Now, the Hanover fa tally has never loved letters, and has done very little for them since it. Recession. Gouge the Second would do no thing Air Gay, became, as Chesterfield Rays, " he thought a poet a mechanic." George the Third only loved mislio• rrity. George the Fourth was polite to Ste Walter Scott, certainly; hut Sir Walter rather had the balance of obliga tion in his favour. The Duke of Cumberland of Gibbon's time iodated him, onto, in this fine polite way, " Well, Mr. Gibbon, still piing on as usual—scribble—scribble—scrib ble !" Rtrisw, now number. TM KEE PER OF WI lIT en Nl.P.—Bot the White of the So. Jamea'estreet house wan a mythical personage. Mackmth was the original keeper of the club. Ile retired in 1768, in which year he recommends to George Selwyn's pa tronage hie near relation and successor "the Cherubim." We afterwards hear of him speculating in the Alley ; and in 1774, Lord Oxford returned him en member for his borough of Cantle-hieing, with no lees a °chemise than Mr. Wed derburn. Arent seers. isolator eosins. Horace Walpole write. to Mann on this occasion, "This, I suppose, will offend the Seottish consul. . . . . . For nay part, waiter fer waiter; I do little difference; they are all equally reedy to cry, 'coming, coming, air:'" The truth la, that mud nephew owed Macbeth money, and took this means of repaying him. But Bob's presence in the House of C 01111.113 was disagreeable to many of his old customers. Before the end of the year he wee persuaded to be uudeef, and give up, or rather sell, his sent. That the keeper of White'', should have risen to be a member of parliament, was, after all, not no extraordinary. A waitershig at one of the St. Janice's-street clubs was the road to fortune. Thomas. Runibuld, originally a waiter at White's, gut au ap point meat in India, and subsequently rope to be Sir Thomas, and governor of Madrid. On his return, with 1111111,11•0 wealth, a bill of pains and penalties we, brought into the Ilutue by Dundee, with the view of stri ppin g Sir Thome of hip ill-gotten pate. The bill sae briskly pushed through the earlier stages; Budded], the proceedings upon it were arrested by adjournment, and the mea sure fell to the ground. The rumour of the day attributed the nebo r's escape to the corrupt adistance of Rigby; who, In 1782, found himself, by Lord North's ro eignation, deprived of his place in the Pay-ofttos, and called upon to refund a large amount of public moneys unaccounted for. In this strait Rigby was behoved to have bad recourse to Itumleld. Their nequaintmare had commenced in earlier days, under very different circumstances; when Rigby was one of the boldest "premed" at White's, and Rumbold bowed to him for half-crawns.—Nalietist Berko., new number. NIONCIIENT TO THE OFFICERS AND LIEN Or THE ROYAL NAVAL BRlOADE.—Through the exertions of Sir Stephen Lushington, K.C.8., who commanded the Naval Brigade before Sebastopol, and the other surviving officers of the brigade, • handsome monument has just been erected in the Kensal 'green Cemetery, the site having been kindly pre sented by the directors of the company fur the purpose. The monument, which hes been erected by Mr. T. Oafiln, of Regent-quadrant, is most beautifully executed in white Car rara marble. On its top are carved in solid warble repre sentations of the tents oldie men, and in their front are • group of flags with • broken cannon. The sides of the monument are made to represent broken made, on which ore recorded the names of the skips and of the men who fell so gloriondy defending their country. In the centre are the words 'To the of the undermentioned oaken and men of the Royal Navel Bri gade who fell at the siege of Sebastopol, A.D. 1864 and 1836. This is erected by the survirMg oSears;" and then are given the names of the following deoessed calkers Cons. L. W. Hammett, Limit Thee. 0. Kidd, 16.111.8. Albion; Lient. 0. Oreathed, Britannia; Lieut. Hen. C. B. H. Rutheen, Lieut. S. Typical!, Mate J. H. Spalding, Lon don; Lieut. H. W. Douglas, Queen; Acting Mate J. H. Kerslake, Redney..... ear not, for I am with thee; I will bring thy seed from the east, and gather thee from the west ; I will say to the north, (Jive up; and to the mouth, Keep set beck; bring my sons from far —lsaiah ziiii., v. 6 and 6: " At the base tke following melancholy statistics are given : —Total loss of Royal Naval Brigade, averaging 1.200 men and Akan. Moms : 8 killed, 3 died of disease, 30 wounded. Men: killed, 116; died of disease, 41 ; wounded, 431. The Egyptian mummy, which has been lying at Southampton docks, was *old by auction yesterday. It me knocked down for * small sum. Some Bedouin, or Copt, bad, it oppsre , unrolled it, end diminished its value. The bons* and skull ware visible. The latter was of small size. TM cod% was well preserved, and on its lid was raised the re semblance of • beautiful human face, the intact* of which had that sphinz•like repose so characteristic of Egyptian at It was vinous to notice persons, amidst the levity of imide's suction room, lookaat a skull, the living eyes of which might have seen Jan. the progenitor of the Jewish nation, enter Egpyt, or be Pharaoh, at the head of his_army, ea conic to the Red &a, in penult of thssmancirated Lwaslitss. MISSION 712 FUGITIVE SLAVES IN CdNAD.4. A meeting in aid of thin branch of the Colonial Church and School Society'. operations was held at the mi dges* of the Hon. Arthur Kinnairri, M.P., on Tuesday =l.l.4'here were prevent the Earl and Countess of the Lord Bishop of London end Mrs. Tait, the Ilea A. ' and Mr.. Kinnard, Rev. E. Holland and Mrs. Ilastrl, Her, C. J. Fyne. Clinton and Mn. Clinton, Mir Mathews, Rev. C. F. Childe, Rev. C. J. Cookesky, Rev. N. Cfnittele and Mrs. Garbett, Rev. M. Thomas snit Mrs. Tito ings, Rau Dr. Hellinuth, Rev. C. Mulyneux, Rev. R. Bur gear& other ladies and gentlemen. Mes. A. klanAllta inteeduced the subject of the swabs by explaining the origin of the mission. He re fereed to the interest excited in the year 1853 by the memo- rial vitae women of England to thew of the United States on the subject of slavery. It had then been suggested to the ladies that such a protest ought to lead to practical measures for the benefit of the fugitives who had found a the free MI of Canada, and that f ee l ing h a d l e d return on organioanun of the minim in connexion with the Colonial Church and School Society. The time had now arrived for nuking a Gash effort to strengthen and extend this work. (lie.,, Lear.) The Earl of Smarr tier*, then rose and said—The even of these fugitives, exce e di ng 50,000 in number we. = l t noble, Christian enterprise. (Hear, heir.) A Meek m's soul was as valuable In God'. sight as that of a white man. These fugitives bad become our fellow-sub ject., and to send to them the Gospel was a duty, the con tinued neglect of which would be our shame and (Hear, hear.) He adverted to their capability of a r t= culture. Some in that room would doubtlisei live to see the day when Christianised negma would take a prominent po *mon among the civilised races of mankind. (Hear, hear.) He earnestly commended the work to the sympathy and co opeation of all who feel an interest in mission.. The Rev. Dr. RILLat vu (General Superintendent of the Colonial Church and School Socioty's Nimmons in British North America) gave a graphic and interesting account of hi. visit to the mi.eioa, and his toter maim the other negro settlements in Western Canada. Ile cited examples of the degradation to which even educated megrim lead sometime to subluit in the United States, and Mated affecting cases of the hunting of agrees with bloodhounds. Oas ppoooorr lallow, thus punned, leaped into a river and we. drowud, preferring to face death rather than commit himself to hia fellow-mad. These negroes were many of there cambia of high mental cultivation, arid were characterised by industrious habits end by great mamma for knowledge. He bad seen grown up men come direct from their labour to the evening school, ! and place their implements of husbandry at the door, while they went in to receive inatruction. (Hear, hear.) British Canadians evinced a lively interest in the minion, madame, ainnalttess had been funned in the colony to co-operate with the baggy. The rev. doctor's statements were listened to with deep interest. He is, we understand, be embark on his return to Canada by this day's sunnier. The Rev. M. TriOnAri (.ceretary of the Colonid Church and School Society) stated that at its commencement the mission we. necessarily sn czarina-a. The matins, of white and coloured children in the central schools at London, Canada West, had produced beneficial results, and it was now time to establish ...Mealy on the ma plan In other Im portant townships. (Hear, hear.) He had been requested to Intimate that gifts of clotting fur the fugitives would be very acceptable, as many of them cooling from the southern states, felt the seventy of the Canadian minter. He read a letter from a erilaured Man, conveying reeolutions leased at • meeting inviting the society to eitablish a mixed school in ens of the settlements, un the ground that the experiment in London (C. W.) had convinced them that the plan was the best for the welfare of the race. The Rev. Prebendary Bum:ma (Rector of Upper Chelsea) read a document giving the opinions o f French protestanto condemnatory of aLivery. lie rapier... 4 his wrdral approval of tho misrion. Several new subscriptions towards the 1311114011 evinced the interest email] by these statements. It was determined to form three additions' ladies committees in London. The Dix Lop of LONDON closed the proceedings by offering up a pryer, and pronouncing the benediction. PRESERVATION OF LIFE FROM MINI-RECS. On Thursday a meeting of the Royal National Life boat Institution was held at its house ' John-street, Adelpid ; the Luke of l'iourxr max ULAN!, in the chair. A reward of 134 wan granted to thirteen men fur putting off in the Berwick life-boat, melting the crew of five men of the sehoener Heinrich Gerdes, stranded on Spinal Point, on Burley, the 22nd ult. . . A reined of 71. was voted to the crew of the society's life boat at New toggle, Northumberland, for saviug three tarn from • fishing eoble, of Iterwlek, on the 13th ult. It was also reported that the l'adatow life-boat on the 4th ult. rescued four men finis the schooner Hibernia, of 'l= month, which had gone to pies en on Trebetherick The crew of the life-boat received from the shipowner 141. fur their gallant nervier. These throe life-boate are on the plan of Mr. James Peake. It wee stated that during the last three months the life boats of the institution hod rescued the mews of the follow ing vessels .—lteliance, of London, 15; Tennant, of Stock ton, 8; l'ensher, of Sunderland, 7; Georgina, of Inverness, 6; Sophie. of Oporto, Il ; Temperance, of Belfast. 4; Rat cliffe, of Whitby, 8; • ruble, of Berwick, 3; Hibernia, of Teignmouth, 4; Heinrich Gerdes, of Restock, 5; total, 70 person,. A reward of was voted to the mew of the Seaten Carew lifeboat, and • reward of 31. 106. to the Ithyl tubular lifeboat, for speciel serviceses. A reward of M. 51. was voted to nine Irish fishermen fee teecuieg four men from a bout which foundered during a heavy gale of tried on Arklow Bar, on the 16th Wt. Throe of the crew clung to a portion of the boat which remained above water, and the fourth man was takes uff • pica of the wreck. Thiisirser medal and 21. were also voted to the master of the French fishing smack Victoria. Desinte, and V. each to his crew of four nien and a boy, fur rescuing the crew of two men of the smack Dart, of Lyme Regis, in l'ortland Race, on the Bth ult. A reward of 61. was also voted to three fishermen for rescuing the crew at the schooner Mary, of Sunderland, wrecked off Whitby on the 20th Wt. The errand serene deep was votod to H. A. Hamilton, Esq., of Balbriggan, who for previous gallant service had re ceived the nicer medal of this institution, and the silver medal and 2/. to Henry Houghton, Joiner, in acknowledg ment of their noWo conduct in assisting to rescue, at the peril of their lives, seven of the crew of the brig Era, of Itotherter, which war sometime sines wrecked off Hartle pool. Houghton had rushed into the surf to catch a line which had been thrown form the wreck, and thus mucceeiled In effecting a corumuniertion between the verse! and the shore, by which warm the whole of the now were eared. Aa the master, who war a heavy man and benumbed with cold, was being drawn ashore, Ire fell into the sea, and was with dilfferthy saved by the exertions of Mr. Hamilton and Houghton. Mr. Ileuailton, it wee raid, bar on previous ommaions dirtinguiahed himself in rescuing life front chip• wreck, and hoe by his benevolent exertions established one of the best life-boat establishments on the Irish coast. He happened en the occasion of the wreck of the Err to be on a whet to a friend in the neighbourhood. THE Mu ittt IN AMONGST CATTLE.—At the meet ing of the Royal Agricultural Society on Widneviay Loot, communications were read from Mr. Hall !Haxsell, C. 8., Secretary of the Highland and Agricultural SCi..ty of Scot land, and from Captain Cmker, Secretary of the Royal Agri cultural Improvement Society of Ireland, expn.ssing their willingness to concur with the Royal Agricultural Society in ariungeznenta for despatching a veterinary inspector to dis tricts abroad where the cattle murrain fa at present ra„sing. The council agreed to the following resolution :--" That it is expedient to send a competent Veterinary Professor to ex • amine into the nature of the cattle murrain on the Conti nent. That the Society gladly ancepta the cooperation of the Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland and the Royal Agricidtural Improvement Society of Ireland in this step. The society ventures to recommend that Professor Simonds, of the Royal Veterinary College, be comtnimionod to this task. That he be empowered to take with hint a German veterinary professor, established in London, quite competent for the business, and who would smooth the diffl cultree of the German language. It is supposed that about three weeks would be required for a satisfactory examination. That the Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland be informed that the Royal Agricultural Improvement Society of Ireland propose to share the expense of this mission with the Royal Agricultural Society of England; and that they be asked to join in the mime manner." VACANCIES, APPOINTMENTS. AND PROMOTIONS IN THE CIVIL Saavica.—The Foreign Department . The vier consulship et Tanning tint become vacant by the depth of Mr. Feed JIM/Mll. The Admiralty: The °thee of private secretary to the First Lord has become vacant by the ming. nation of Mr. Thomas G. Baring; Mr. Greve., late private secretary to Mr. Phinn, has been appointed private secretary to Mr. D. Osborne, vice Mr. Stapylion, reeigned ; Mr. C. A. Kemp_ ham been appointed private secretary to Mr. Phinn, vice Mr. Graves. The Board of Trade, General Register and Record Oak* of Seamen Meters. Il•Dermott. Fitton, and Stone, the Ant, second, and third of the Third Claw Clerks, have been promoted to the Second Claes ; Mr. Wur. Connie, the twelfth of the Third Clue, and Mr. Carter, the Bret of the Fourth Claes, have atm been promoted to the Second Clam ; the revised scale of "allay of Second Clare Clerks le from this month (April) Mt, with an annual increment of 114, rising to MI. per annum for the maximum, in lieu of the present scale of salary of 2001. per annum, rising by 101. to 270/. for the maximum. Trinity-house : A vnenney among the elder brethren has been canned by the death of Captain Henry Nelson. Customs Mr. Richard Lee boa been app.inted a clerk in the tea deportment, London ; Mr. Robert Brown has been appointed a clerk for general bled nem at Live.rpool. Ireland : A vacancy in the office of to the Queen's University has been cso..ed by the death o Robert Ball, LL.D. • the dike of Civil Server Examiner for Ireland boom; vacant by the death of Dr. Ball—Mil Service Gazette. Iid;;;4B7;MAITTITOLLOWAT'S OINTMENT AND Pma Si Amnia* 111311BDOS Po* MI CDIAZ OF BAD Lion—Mr. SlY l TUr isk ry la al l =t i ffi r :rLier P E b, ! l : 4lo". =on gi V i rr a rs =Pa= tiVrile "31 way Mis orieSAW "f r i s L:l7, 114 . thn.47bout ch., worn; at. 1A.D3,12. Awl 111. blt P1a431/A&ODY ; A. Oidek4, THE RUSSIAN RAILWAYS. The prospectus of the Rossittn Railways Company has now been publialied in La Press.. We extract some prams of this prospect s;: " The company has fur it. object the notuttenetion of a east network of railways, the lines of which have been com bined in such a manner u to utiefy the moat immediate and important nestirenumts of Kmiec This network is divided into four limo . 1. The line from St. Peteniburst to Warsaw, with a branch towards K ouMMierg ... 1,249 lam. 2. The hne from Moscow to Theulosui 1,239 3. Thu hne from Kursk or OM to Libuu... 1,227 tt 4. The line from Moscow to liijoi-Norgunal 427 to Total 4,162 kilos. Them lengths are only approximative, and may be modified by the definitive treeing 14 the linos. " A glance at the num shows the importance of these lines, the object of which is to oecore the conveyance of those articles which are tho chief ntx , ....trins of life •throughout the interior, the exportation of ag ri cultural produce, and the importation of foreign products, at the same time that they will facilitate the movement of the population in those parts where it im met deone. _ _ "In fact, the north of Russia is partly covered with fore s ts ; the mo il dues not produce in aulficient quantim the corn re— quired fur the support of the population. The central pro vinces, around Moecoor ' ate tuandiseturinz, and their soil likewise is incipable of furnishing oulii, km food for the in habitants. Further mouth, on the contrary, there is an im mense belt of lands of uncommon fertility, the region of the • black wile Lastly, twowarde the south, come the steppes, where the greater port of the cattle are reemd that are destined for the enneumptiom of Rimeis. " Now, sitting aside the line from St. Petersburg to War saw, whi ch has its special destination as an international line, connecting the capital with the European system of ' railway., all the other lines have been combined with a view to favour in the highest degree home and foreign trade; the necessities of the first or- shown by the enonnum differences in the prices of breedetall., NOM h fetch low prims where they are green, at a time when wourity is severely Mt in the northern province.; the actual iniportanee of the moored is to be measured by the fact of one milliard of francs ' changing hands for the value of goods, most of these cum weighing about 1,500,000 tem. Its future iniportruice is limited only by the wants of ELtrope with reelect to wood, corn, oleaginous gentile and seeds, skins, wool, tallow, flax, hemp, he. " The hoe freer Moscow to Nijei-Novgorod eontiects the industrial or manufacturing cepital of the empire with its principal newt, ielcbmted tor the extensive tree...tains that take p there at the annual Stir; it phi,. the Volga, a navigable artery of 3,600 kilometres, and Owed entirely outside the territory which peculiarly belongs to the con ceded network of railways, in C012111111111C116011 with Moscow by the shortest line of Juction. A large traffic is secured fur it. "1 he southern lota connects Moscow with Theockrais (Kara), the best natural harbour of the Bleb Sea, where commerce will Iliad the fatalities and accommodation which sre wanting at (AMA ; 'amides, it cotoolunicates with the latter city through the maritime part of the Doeiper rod the sea. it crimes the ' black lands' for en extent of 700 kilo metres; it alto& them en easy outlet toward. the Black Sea fur their corn, oleaginous grain, Udlow, flax, hemp, he., but a still inure important one towards the Baltic. It will convey northwards the cattle of the Steppes, the wine. of the Crimes, the salt of the Ssz of Azulf, and especially the coal of the Donete basin, discovered and workeil already in the vicinity ofKharkotf, and destined to play a considerable part in the future manufacturing enreer tat Ramie. " Thu hue Bum Kursk or Orel to Libau is destined 'oboes:tem one of the groat routes for the exchange of rural produce, so unequally diatributed between the curious part• of the em pire; it is especially d.tintd to convey to the 'tattle for ex portation the corn and all the vegetable and aui,eal produce collected by the touthern line in the centre of the "Black Lands," and by the Kijni line from the Volga and its tribu taries. England, France, Belgium, &c., import annually for their own conetimption more than three million tone of wares, which 1E1..4 could exclusively supply them with ; with re spect to the greater part of which sire has to encounter the rivalry ofthe United States, bat in which .l. will have an incontestable preponderance when the network of her rail ways shall have been completed. "(Inc of the most deci.ive elements of success for the Rus sian network is to be found in the very rigour et' the climate. The told never prevents the regular despatch of railway trains. The anew has interrupted the train.; upon the average only one day per annum along the line Rom St. retemburg to 11.•:111/' but, on the other 111[01, the na vigable mutes an, frozen for six ifiontln iu the north, and during that period the railway will have the inceepoly of all the transports, with L.cileits. also, by means of sludges, for the branch commenicaliens. " This advantage hi the more striking because the starting point of the lines, which form altogether what mop be culled the exportation ',stem of railway., debonair. et the port of Liban, which is fit degree. further south than St. Peters burg, end is scarcely obstructed by the ice during three wMes ore month, ci heroes at St. Petersburg and Inge all navigation Is suspended for Rat ei six months together. Li 1.1611. which is an unimportant hart:scar at present, is there fore destined to become the cenfre of exportation for Russia's prwduce and of importation for foreign products. The go eminent has engaged to construct the works for improving the harbour of Lill:to, in order that thry may be ready by the time the railway fa fit for being worked. " The harbour of labsu will rammed° the harbours of St. Peterthunt and Rigs, at these periods when they are filmed by the ice. Weevers. the exportation which pre,. eels at present rbi Memel and lienigsberic, will resort there fur the sake of the facilities afforded to the national commerce. This twofold advantage adds gently, therribre, to the im portance of the lino between St. Petersburg and ‘Varsow, which at the lithe time will IiOCTOIIICI 11 Cleat commercial route. -- ; - the conceded lines will supply the inhabitant., and es pecially the bodice of worktutn who ore gelled about in the various parts of the c euntry, with rapid and cheap lamas of conv9unce, which have lathery, Le en quite a Mall rutetn. " 1 he engineer. charged by We coarsely with the ,n limt nery survey and estimate of the underteLing hare edictal tied that the average gross receipts of the netwoek would come to 43,500 f. per kilometre; this is the result of the I:Ambitious in detail for each line, confirmed by the facts observed on the line from Moscow to St. l'etersburg t s hero notwithstanding the inauflleiency of the nuth:riri and or the a...cum./dation for the trallic of merchandise, the gross receipt. per kilo metre rove in 1846 to twee then 411,00.1 foams. In the estimate adopted, travellers have been set down at only ouc-fotuth, although the lima trim% rse the most polmloua parts of lice empire. In proportion to the facilities resulting from the low price vi fuel lull mouonl labour, specially tm amount of the e alvidwntblu rveeipts per kilometre which will be derived, Caking the trains on the average, from the gnash traffic for great diSiAIIICCIS drawn by powerful locomotives, with very favourable goo:lento, we may estimate the uorkuti; expenses at the rate of 45 per cent. as the ma:donna. InC.,;-Tri;;Uce, the total resit*. will be 150,313,50 N; the expanses at 43 per cent b. , - 4203,610 E ; a net return of 10 4110,196 f. "With the exception of the line [tutu St. Pelernburg to Warsaw, sll the werl3, arc of very cosy execution; ripen this line the government ablatives temporarily the 72 million', of francs it has already expended, soil which will be defrayed only by its obaring in the special profits of this line, atter pty went of the interest. ••The average toot of the lines which ge to form the network, supposhog only one line of rail to be laid down, but including the works nlremly finished for 72 millions of franca is estimated by the engineer., at 273,630 francs per kilometre. This nvenme is obtained from the figures given in the coneesoiorair, - charter, and u hick Lave been esieulated with the *sent of the germ-tumult, MO no to enable the company to tribe poswg,ion completely, and pro vide fur the exigLaties of I. vo.itleribie troth,. Sinvill them Le a surplus, it would he employed in ditninialling the contly's tapital, or would form a Men() for the further dove merit a the lines. T e prim of land in Russia sin be iv,. moderate ; a great port will Le mule over gratuitously from the domains of the crown. The wood, an cacti` ill element in sal Russian constructions, ia extremely cheap; the iron and machinery are to be imported five of duty, and conveytd at rim cost of Lack freights, by the railway from St. Petersburg to Moscow. Except on the line !rem St. Petersburg to Warsaw there rint only o few bridges, not ninny embankments or artificial works; and over glint Worts of band there ore tincemmen facilities for eonstreetion. Throughout the 4,0110 kilo:nom of network there will not Le a single tunnel, ev, n or Menu siderable length ; the ditil , uhies %hell would Le incurred in creasing sortrshes will be avoided in the adoption of the routes. " The railways that rimy Lest be compor, wi; h that of Run-ia have been contra ted at a tar 1,-. average coot Mon the pmsrnt estimate far these rail ,nrys whoa completed and waked.' A DErunrioN, consisting of the Mayor of Bir mingham and sonic of tho oeieers of the Society of Artists in that town, waited upon Co ant the Pereigity, the }Wall ambassador, a row days, ago, with an address to the Emperor of the Fretich, retinae:tug his Majesty to be pleased to allow the important worts of the Com. h masted now on view at the Royal Fesetish Academy, to bo exhihited at the Rd minghani Exhibition. The deputation wet with a very row:eons deaption, and a day or two since a reply was received from the tenbeeseslur to the cffect that tho Emperor consent. to plate dune pimatos at the dispchal of tho mem bers of the Society of Artists at Birmingham at the elute of the Edb,:sti-gli Exhibition. Dt till 01 Tile. RSV. DR. ALEXANDER FROM PoisoNDD:.—VAltsoNsruWN. Tor as DAV Eves lets just bean officially reputed to tho authorities Lore that the Rev. Jamas. Alexemler, LL.D., expired Plant 12 o'clock, at his revidenre, Killyeadley, near Ferbane, from the conic queuese of his basing pea taken of anemic in arrow - nee, which was ordered for hint when convalescent from a recent Plight indispoei.i at. It will be recollected that the rev. gentleman sent to the shop of a grocer named Midfield, iu the town of Ferbano, fur one pound of arrowroot, which unhappily was made up w ith a careless addition of arsenic by a shop. man named Dmis Grogan. who has been held to bad by the local magistrates to take hie trial at the next quarter sessiune for its administration. The lamented death of the reverend gentlemen may vary the character end consequrnore of the proceedings to be taken against Grogan and his master, Whit& Id. The rev. doctor was rector of ILo pori,h of Tis eerie. but for sorer time he had not taken any c, ry attire part in the duties of the ministry thereof. Au inquest will be held, the result of which will be report :.I.—.4r , neferes New Lair.