The Express. — London, England, 1853-09-05 00:00:00

03:43reORs. TO CORRE 4 PONDENTS. A kw wit I.4ftlwa .4 'The Eh ere.," oent.tining the se je ve , sh i n e, ”tiatt tie," 1, pubi Dired envy liaretry.cd YrdAy ni o n, in time kw pat als•hMiter" Etym," Load. w E„ st o i p A per, mit be at the tab" 10. Dirambe.treet, by T . . v oviotk m th, day al pubiltatkAi. HIGH WATER AT LITAboN BRIDGE. Tam DAN urosauw —Vandag. it. 4 41 . W. LONDO.Y. M.'JXDAI; SEPTEMBER 5. Tut engravings of His, Mill and the pages of "The State Ireals" have preserved the memory of the cruelties reactivd upon prisoners in the gaols of Londe*, in the early part of last century, by HAM -21R11,,LE and others. We have been accustomed to flatter ourselves that the good work begun by How %air hod made too great progress to permit similar outrages on humanity to take place in our day. Hut the inquiry now prosecuting by the Gaol Commissioners at Birmingham shows that in this we have over-estimated the power of the age's hu manising influences. Bastettits,e and his fellows in guilt appear to have been prompted to many of their atrocities by sordid avarice; the Birmingham 8AN111R10443 of the nineteenth century were so fenced in by regulations and surveillance that even bad they been so inclined they could not have ten den d their tyranny profitable to them in this way. Their solo inspiring motives appear to have been a desire to save themselves trouble, and to wreak their vengeance upon every helpless creature who (with or without right on his side) gave them any. It is shocking to think to what excesses callous and petty vindictive natures can be carried by impulses seemingly so trivial.' We have hesitated for some days to core rneut upon the proceedings of the Commis pioneers appointed to inquire into the complaints of abuses perpetrated by the officials in the gaol at Birmingham before the inquiry should be concluded. Had the evidence been ex clusively such as would admit of counter-evidence being brought forward at a later period, we should still have kept silence. But the confessions of Lieutenant At arc before us, and they neither admit of being contradicted nor explained away. The substance of the charges made against the goqucr of Birmingham gaol is established by his own admis sions. By prosecuting their inquiries further, the Commissioners may add to the depth of the sombre . tints, but cannot alter the general character of the revolting picture they are holding up to the public. The portion of Lieutenant AusTlN's evidence which we this day publish is especially deserving of perusal. That person, when he found public indig nation excited by his practice of tying up prisoners in a strait jacket and strapping them to the wall, endeavoured to screen himself by alleging that the same practice had prevailed under Captain MA CONOCUIE. In the moat deliberate manner did he attempt to bring down the character for humanity of his predecessor in office to a level with his own. He made an entry (two months ago he told the Commissioners) in the punishment-book to the effect that a man had been strapped to the wall by order of Captain MACONOCUIE; but when pressed by the Commissioners he was obliged to admit that ho knew not of his own know ledge that it was a fact ; he shuffled the paternity of the story off upon one of his understrappers, who, himself stands charged with gross inhumanity, and whose evidence has been anything but straightfor ward and trustworthy. Mr. AUSTIN admits that he had taken no steps to ascertain whether this gossip• ping scandal against Captain MACONOCUIE was true or not. The unscrupulousness of the man who could, to palliate his own cruelty, have recourse to such a subterfuge, needs no comment. It must, however, be admitted that it was only natural be should clutch at almost any device, when it is considered what a story he had to tell of himself. It would be harrowing the feelings of our readers to no purpose to recapitulate all the cruelties of which they have already read in the evidence. No record of these cruelties was kept by their authors. The punishments were inflicted at the arbitrary Mill of Mr. AUSTIN, for what were, or for what he was pleased to call, breaches of prison discipline; they were inflicted without the warrant of any law ; they were inflicted in secresy, not entered in the punishment-book. But for the humanity of the chaplain, and some of the warders and instructor' of the prisoners, these abuses might still have been going on unheard of by the world outside the prison walls. And this leads naturally to a word on the conduct of the visitingjust ices. When the enormities perpetrated in Birmingham gaol first began to get wind these gentlemen did all that lay in their power to get the matter hushed up. A sham inquiry was set on foot, and everything in the gaol was declared to be much uit ought to be. Nor does the connivance of the visiting justices stop hem. It really seems from the conversations and squabble@ which had been taking place among the minor offi cials that the justices must have winked hard not to see what was going on. Had they performed their duty u visitors they could scarcely have failed to come upon the scent of the abuses the existence of which they at first so sturdily denied. In the surgeon of the gaol Mr. Aetertv appears to have met with a congenial spirit and worthy col league. The surgeon disdained to comply with the injunctions of the legislature to keep any register of his treatment of his patients. Prisoners, warders, all agree that his examination of the prisoners was hurried and imperfect in the extreme. He confessed himself, when examined, that he did not see the pri soners so often as the regulations of the prison re quire. He remonstrated in no one cast, though he most have seen that the health of men and boys was being systematically undermined. Nay, some of the inflictions seem to have been of his suggestion. It was he who recommended that BROWN should be soused with cold water on a " seasonable day in February," and left in his wet clothes. Of the minor agents and emulators of Mr. AUSTIN'S cruelty it is unnecessary to speak at pre sent. We cannot, however, break off without a tri bute of praise to Lord Paeweestiie for his high- I minded rejection of all attempts to hush up the inquiry. To his resolute determination to see justice done the public is iodebted for the detection of atrocities which the tender-hearted visiting justic. s took upon them to declare had no existence. The 'Hoses SECRETARY will no doubt complete the work he has so well begun, and leave no person implicated in these disgraceful disclosures—•governor, surgeon. warders, or visiting justices—unrecompensed for their respective abuses of authority or neglect of may. It would have been premature and unsatisfac tory to have discussed the last rise in the Rank rate of interest till wo had the returns before us which were contained in Friday's Gazelle. Though these refer to the previous week, and though we should be still better satisfied if we had the returns for last week, as we cannot get them wo must make use of the latest published. We may infer from the facts every day recorded in our journal, that no very striking altera tion took place in the "manta between Saturday THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 5, 1853. week and "inuralay, when the resolution to raise the porary ease, experienced in the Money Market after rate of interest was adopted by the directors. We he had begun, was cl*arly due to operations being may be pretty sure, from the condition of the ex- su-'oended for the supply of the Russian and Turkish change and the coctinued export of gold, and frim markets, and to order] being withheld which mer the continued activity of trade, combined with a' chants were doubtful would ever be executed.. great demand for money at the close of the I Our readers will notice that we omit all mention week to meet the bills that had to be taken I _ of the bullion in the Bunk, and to some of them it up on Saturday, that the bullion and the may appear like the omission of Hamlet from the private deposits in the Bank continued last I tragedy, week,—es the week before,—to decline. We may 1 but we stated on Tuesday last that since gold is regularly imported and exported to the ex be quite certain that the public deposits continued to increase, and we may infer,—but for this we have no I tent of 2,000,0001. a month it has ceased to be , a n y more than wool or coffee, an indication of the want other warrant than the general state of the money market,—that the private securities, instead of deems- or the supply of capital. As it moves out of th e Bank the notes of the Bank are poured in, and we ing, as the week before last, increased, while the really take into account all the substantial effects of government securities remained as usual. an increase or a diminution of gold when we state On the 20th ult. we pointed out that the loanable the number of notes in circulation and the amount means of the Bank were less on the 6th of August, of the deposits and the amount of the Bank advances. 1853, than on the 7th of August, 1852, by 1,594,8661. ; In fact, the amount of gold, though now five millions and that it had at the same time lent 1,700,6801. less than in the beginning of the year, is much more. Together the two sums make 3,295,5461., or greater than the Bank has been for years accustomed more than a tenth part of the loanable means of the to hold. Bank, which was in so much worse a condition to lend in August 18.53, than in August 18.52. The returns of August 27th, or of three weeks later, show a slight increase in the Bank resources, and a much larger increase in its advances. The figures are these : RUSSIA AND TURKEY. The Wanderer, of Vienna, publishes a letter from Constantinople (Aug. Ds) according to which the Turkish troops between the Danube and the Balkan, amounted, at that date, to 100,000 men. When the redifs arrived, it was expected that their number would he augmented to 150,000. The head-quarters of divisions are at Varna, Basarjik, Kansa, Widdin, Sistow, Rustchuk, and Silistris. The troops are in echelon on two lines; one making face to the Danube, the other resting on the Balkan. These dispositions are said to have been made by M. Nlagnan, a French officer, to whose orders Omer Pacha has been in structed by the Divan to confirm. The army of Anatolia is said to be 60,000 strong. In the Wanderer, of the 29th ult., it is stated that Russian officers maintain that the Emperor will withdraw his troops from tie Danubian Pro vinces. Prince Oortschakoff, who, they say, was inspecting the line of the Danube hen the despatch announcing the decision of the Divin on the Vienna proposals reached him, returned immediately to headquarters, and the same night sent off a number of couriers in various directions. Count Bual Schauenstein is said, in the same paper, to have had long conferences on the 26th and 28th ult. with the Russian Ambassador, Baron Meyeedorff. On the evening of the 26th a Russian coiner set off with despatches for St. Petersburg. A letter from Smyrna of the lith ult., in the Augsburg Gazelle, says :—" It is sail that the united fleet is to leave for this port it it does not enter the Dardanelles. In addition to the sosth wind, which exposes it to eintinual danger, the vessels have been attacked by sickness, In the English fleet two cap tains and two other officers have already died. In the French fleet the common sailors only have suf fered. Water is scarce, and the provisions are not good. On Saturday the Austrian squadron is to leave for the waters of Syria and Egypt. August 6. August 27. Circulation E25,039,156 £24,211,854 Rest l'ublic deposits 2,218,227 4,601,685 Private deposits £43,075,594 £13,288,333 Or the capital at the command of the Bank derived from the money it borrows from the public by issuing its notes, and the deposits of the Government money, and of the money of individuals, and what remains in its possession of its own capital, was 192,7411. more on the 27th than on the 6th. But it will be noticed that every one of these items was smaller on the 27th than on the 6th, except the Government de posits; and these being placed in the Bank to answer all the drafts of the Government, and especially to pay the dividends and the Government disbursements which fall to be paid at the end of this month and the beginning of the next, can only be lent by the Bank for a very short period, and are of no avail in discounting a single mercantile bill that has more than forty days to run. In fact, therefore, the in crease in the public deposits may be discarded, and that being 2,383,4,181., it follows, deducting the increase, 192,7411., that the actual loanable means of tho Bunk had decreased on the 27th by 2,190,7171. On looking at the increase in the public deposits in the corresponding three weeks of 1852, we find that it was 2,494,7151., or 111,2571. more than the increase in the corresponding three weeks of the present year. As the revenue must now, from our enormous con sumption, be increasing very rapidly, this compara tive decline in the Government deposits, from what ever cause it may arise, must be a warning fact to the Bank. It is clear that all payments made into the Bank on account of the Government that can be, are withheld; and the Bank may anticipate, while the payments it will have to make on its account in October will be undiminished, that the receipts may fall considerably short of the usual sum. Such a circumstance at least dictates great caution to the Bank, when it is perfectly plain that one great source of its diminished power to lend already is the low state of the Government deposits —4,601,6851. on August 27,18.53, and 6,318,4281. on August 28, 1852. Now that we have seen how very little the nomi nal loanable resources of the Bank are increased, and how much the sums it can actually lend are decreased, let us look at its advances. They were— August 6. Auguit 27. On government securities £13,027,333 £13,027,582 On private securities £26,254,034 .£26 • 858 417 ___ Increase £604,383 So that in three weeks, while the actual loanable resources of the Bank had decreased by upwards of 2,000,0001., its advances had increased more than 600,0001. If the lending power of the Bank, there fore, was comparatively small on August 6, it had become much lees on August 27. The pre vious advances on the rate of interest had completely failed to improve its resources; there was obviously a greater demand on it for money at the rate of in terest which prevailed previous to last Thursday than it could prudently supply, and it had no alternative we think than to act as it did, and raise the rate of interest on its loans. Wo have drawn all our statements from the Bank accounts exclusively, and from them alone we are sure, if the Bank Directors bo only reasonably provi dent, will they draw the rules for their conduct. They have nothing to do with the exchange, or with trade, or with advances to foreign countries, the rate of wages, the state of the corn markets, or any thing else bat their own books, though over the items in them all these circumstances may exercise great influence. The day has gone by when it was tolerated, that the Directors of the Bank of England, composed of second and third-rate merchants,—all of whose capital has been transferred to the Government except a driblet of less than 4,000,0001., and whose chief means of lending are the sums it is exclusively privileged to borrow from the people on its notes, and receives of public and private money in deposit,—should under take to prescribe what branches of traffic should be checked or encouraged, what capital should be lent to or withheld from other nations, and to what extent men should carry on their business. We no longer tolerate the Government interfering with such matters directly, and we surely shall not tole rate such a corporation as the Bank of England assuming aoy such power. Yet this measure of raising the rate of interest on its own loan., of which it is to be the exclusive judge, by looking at its own means, and the wants of its own customers, is mingled by some of our contempo raries with a great variety of matters, and described as a measureof high national policy, dictated by some far-seeing views of a too extensive trade, of a possible want of iron, or some apprehended unsuitable diffu i pion of the precious metals. We are us sensible as our contemporaries of the influence of such circum stances over the public welfare; we have shown, we I think, that we know how to appreciate them, by eontinually warning our readers that the rate of dis -1 count would rule high—bat we decline to follow them in their wide and wandering discussions. The great subject for inquiry and the great sub ject of commercial and of public interest is the rela tire abundance or scarcity of capital, and the causes ' which make it relatively abundant or scarce ; from which we may form an opinion how long the pre sent comparative scarcity is likely to last raid how intense it may become. We shall not now enter on so wide a subject ; we shall only warn our readers that all the phenomena arc much more social than political, and that political causes, though blown into great importance by some of our contem poraries, have only a subordinate influence. Great stress is laid by the Timex'City authority on the Turkish dispute as enhancing the demand for capital when one obvious and avowed effect of that dispute has been to suspend a great variety of operations, to check boll exports and imports here and in other countries,—and consequently it has tended to make capital cheap instead of dear. The rise in the rate of discount began before the Emperor of ltussta began to quarrel with the GRAND Dag, and some tem- viuced that he was really the Dauphin of France, I that they clubbed together to assure him an annuity of I 12.0001 r., which he regularly received up to the day of his death. His origin remains a mystery. His partisans may fairly say this that those who deny that he was Louts XVII. cannot say who he was. Under the government of July he was ' twice committed to prison for political demonstra tions. In 1848 he presented to the Provisional Government a memorial setting forth his claims. In that year, aided by subscriptions from his partizans, he founded a weekly journal called the inflexible, whose mission was to prove that all the occupants of the throne since January 22, 1793, had robbed him of his inheritance. He had an intimate acquaintance of many years' standing with several members of the Provisional Government. In 1833 he was a fellow prisoner at St. Pelagie with Armand Marred and Flocon. They were highly amused by the naivete with which he spoke of himself as a son of Louis XVI., and familiarly addressed him as Capet. They fully admitted that he possessed one quality for which the Bourbons were famous, a great proficiency in gastronomy. He was made caterer for the mess, and Armand Marrest was heard to call out to him in a voice that rung throughout the prison, Cam, my friend, let us have to-day at dinner a capon an gra, ael." A chapter in Silvio Pellico's " I mici prigioni" is devoted to a notice of this personage. The Duke of Rovigo surrendered himself a day or two ago to undergo his sentence of a month's im prisonment as one of the convicted " foreign corres pondents." In France, a person sentenced for a mere misdemeanour is not forcibly led off to prison from the dock, but is allowed to suffer his punish ment within a reasonable period, at the time most convenient to himself. It is a curious fact that the present Duke of Itovigo, known principally by his contributions to the Corsaire, now occupies at the Conciergerie the very cell where his father Savary was temporarily confined at the time of General Malet's conspiracy. SWITZERLAND. The annoying practices of the Austrian authori- ties on the Swiss frontiers, which have hitherto been confined to the Lombard possessions, are now ex tended to Voraalberg. The police require all Swiss citizens of the neighbouring cantons who desire to cross the frontier at this point to be furnished with a passport vised at the Austrian legation at Berne, and inexorably send back all those who, confiding in immemorial usage, have provided themselues only with a simple passport or certificate from the syndic of tho locality. SPAIN. The Madrid Gazette of the 29th ult. contains the following circular from the Minister of the Interior to the governors of provinces, on the subject of the interdiction of the Times: The enemies of the peace of Spain, not finding on our noble soil elements disposed to violate every day the laws of public decency, and to offend what is venerated here es an object of worship, have sought in foreign lands pens willing to lend themselves to their criminal designs. For some time past, we have seen here with indivation the articles of an English journal called the Times, the sole and shame ful object of which appears to be to wound and systemati cally outrage the objects which are dearest to Spaniards. Such a scandal cannot longer be tolerated. Public digni, reproves it; the monarchical sentiment of the country re jects it with horror ; liberty even blushes at it as a repul sive spectacle which brands and compromises her noble cause. To apply immediately a remedy to this evil, and to apply it in a public and solemn manner, in order to prove at all times how strong in Spain is the sentiment of offended national dignity, is not only to fulfil a high duty of government, but is to satisfy a great and genet-me aspiration, without which respect fqr constituted authorities and the stability and repose of states would be in vain de manded. For these motives, which I have had the honour to submit to tho sovereign wisdom of her Majesty the Queen (God protect her !) has deigned to order that the circulation and readiug of the English journal entitled the Times shall Rot be permitted in Spain, in her adjacent islands or possessions, or in her colonial states. This mea sure shall be equally extended to any other journal what soever, or to any foreign publication which shall also have failed in the consideration due to the most high objects which our nation, catholic and monarchical par cree/knee, have venerated for centuries, from gratitude, from instinct, and even from a chivalrqua inspiration peculiar to the noble Spanish race, and worthy of it. By the Queen's orders, I communicate thus to you for your guidance. God keep you for many years. San Ildefonso, the 27th August. EOANA. It is gratifying to see that the Spanish government is not quite dead to shame ; though this last linger iug virtue might have been more worthily expressed than by a paltry explosion of spleen against deserved reproaches. The Times may be congratulated upon this honourable exile from the Spanish dominions. If the government of the Escurial is to follow up the blow, few English journals will find their way into Spain except by aid of her contrabandistre. GERMANY. A letter from Vienna, of the 31st ult., in the Cologne Gazette, says:—" Colonel Huff has arrived hero to day from Trieste. It is said that he is the bearer of a very grateful letter from the Sultan to the Emperor. We learn from a source worthy of credit, that the rapid choice which the Emperor made of the Princess Elizabeth of Bavaria, took place in the following way—At Ischl the family of Prince Maximilian of Bavaria happened to be present at the court ball. The Emperor appeared charmed with the princess, and requested to be allowed a few minutes' conversa tion with her after the ball. At the end of a few instants the Emperor returned with the princess leaning on his arm, and presented her to the com pany as the future Empress of Austria." A Vienna letter of the Ist, states that the Princess Amelia of Sweden died there on the preceding night of disease of the heart. The Duke of Brunswick has decreed that hence forth criminals shall be beheaded with an axe, and in a closed place, in presence of the public prosecutor, a deputation of the Tribunal, a priest, the prisoner's counsel, and twelve persons chosen from among the representatives of the commune. AMERICA. ARRIVAL OF THE AFRICA. LIVERPOOL, SUNDAY. This morning the Royal Mail Steam-ship Africa, Captain Harrison, arrived in the Mersey with the usual mails from the United States and British North America, in charge of Lieut. J. Grant Ray mond, R.N., Admiralty agent. The Africa sailed from New York on the 24th ult., and has brought, besides the mails, about 95 passengers, but no specie. The Royal Mail Steam-ship Arabia, which sailed from hence on the 13th ult., after a fine run across the Atlantic of about ten days, arrived at New York on the morning of the 23rd ult. The United States Mail Steam-ship Pacific, from hence on the 10th, arrived at New York on the evening of the' 23rd ult. This lengthened passage of the Pacific was caused by the breaking of her main shaft when only four days out from this port. Tho screw steam ship Glasgow, from Glasgow, arrrived out at New York also on the 23rd ult. Again we have to chronicle frightful ravages by the fever at New Orleans, which is decimating the city. Instead of abating, the pestilence has increased in virulence, and the victims to the scourge now amount to three hundred daily. Nor has the fever confined itself to New Orleans; it has extended to Mobile and Natchez. By the arrival at New York of the steamer Northern Light from San Juan, advices have been received from California to the let of August. The Northern Light has brought one million and a quar ter of gold dust. Very favourable intelligence has been received from the mining districts, and new discoveries of deposits have been made. The San Francisco markets are reported active. Business at New York had slightly improved, and discount stocks were somewhat better. The cotton market at New York was quiet, and business to a moderate extent had been done; prices, however, were quite steady. The following are the quotations: New Orleans and Mobile, mid. fair to fair, 121 e. to 13c. per lb.; Uplands, mid. fair to fair, 111 e. to 11 tc. per lb. The market for breadstuffs was quiet. Western Canal flour was steady at 3 dole. 12ic. to 6 dole. 25c. Gennessee prime wheat, 1 dol. 31e. to I dol. 36c. per &fibs.; Indian corn, round yellow, was steady at 74c. to 76c. per bushel; Indian meal, 3 dole. 121 c. to 3dole. 250. per bushel. A fair de-nand existed for provi,ions, and the I transactions were at steady prices. At the steamer's ct parture, the asking rates of freight were, to Liverpool, flour, 2s. lid. to 2e. 9d. wr barrel; grain, 7d. to 7;d. per bushel; cotton, id. to I 5-16 d. per lb. There was a goad demand for exchange on London at 109 to 1091; Paris, 5.13; to 5.16}; Hamburg, 36 to 36 1 • Bremen, 79 to 791. • ' Zlit Court. Duntatr, SEPT. 2. At half-past 9 o'clock yesterday morning, her Ma jesty the Queen, the Princ e , the l' r i nce of Wales and Prince Alfred, attended by his Excellency the Lord Lieu• tenant, the Duchess of Wellington, the Earl Granville, the Marquis of Breadathane, and the other gentlemen of the household, again visited the Great Industrial Exhi hition. Her Majesty, the Prince, and their Royal Ilighnesses were met at the door of the building by Mr. Roc and the gentlemen of the committee. Upon leaving the Exhibition building, the Prince, at tended by Col. the lion. C. Phipps, proceeded to the Royal ' Hibernian Academy. At 2 o'clock the royal carriages were ordered for the purpose of conveying the royal party to Powers Court and the Dargle, but owing to the very unfavourable state of the weather this visit was necessarily given up. The Royal dinner party in the evening consisted of the following persons :—The Lord Lieutenant and the Countess of St. Germans, the Earl Granville, the Duchess of Wel lington, tke Marquis of Breadalhame. the Duke and Duchess of Leinster, the Marchioness Dowager of Sligo, the Earl and Countess of Besskorough, the Earl and Countess of Desart, the Earl and Countess of Becalm, Lord West, Lord and Lady Naas, Lord A. Fitzclarence, the Dowager Lady Vivian, the Hon. Miss Butted, the Han. Colonel Phipps, the Hon. Colonel Gordon, the Hon. and Rev. the Dean of St. Patrick's, the Lord Chief Baron, the Right Hon. the Recorder, the Hon. G. Eliot, Sir J. Clark, and Major Begot, A.D.C. in Waiting. SEPTEMBER 3. Her Majesty and Prince Albert, with the Prince of Wales and Prince Alfred, visited the Exhibition yesterday morn ing, attended by the Lord Lieutenant, the Duchess of Wel lington, the Hon. Mary Butted, the Earl Granville. and the Marquis of Breadalbane. . . At 12 o'clock Prime Albert inspected the cavalry sta tioned in the garrison of Dublin, consisting of the Royal Artillery, the 11th Hussars, the 2nd Dragoon Guards, and the 16th Lancers. His royal highness was received by Major-General Cochrane, commanding' the district, and, after passing down the line, the Earl of Cardigan, under the directions of the major general, put the troops through a variety of evolutions. At 1 o'clock the Prince of Wales, accompanied by Prince Alfred, and attended by Colonel the Hon. C. B. Phipps and Mr. Gibbs, went to the Reps! Military Hibernian School, where his royal highness presented a stand of co lours to the boys of the establishment. In the afternoon her Majesty and Prince Albert, with the Prince of Wales, honoured Lord and Lady llowth with a visit at Howth. Lord John Russell arrived in town late on Friday night from Rosenistla, Dumbartonshire. The Marquis of Lansdowne left town on Saturday for Germany. Sir James Graham left town for Cowes, Isle of Wight, on Saturday. Sir William and Lady Molesworth left town on Friday for Pencarrow, Cornwall. Despatches were sent from the Colonial-office no Satur day to the Governors of Hong Kong, Ceylon, and Malta. OFFICIAL APPOINTMENTS.—Mc. T. Villiers Lister is appointed to the clerkship in the Foreign•offtce, vacant by the resignation of Mr. Hugh Astley. The appointments under the act of last session, for the Better Administra tion of Charitable Trusts," have been fixed as follows Chief Commissioner—Mr. Peter Eric. Two Paid Commis- sioners—M r. James Hill and the Rev. It. Jose.. Secretal3:- Mr. Henry Vane. Two Inspectors—Mr. Thomas Hare and Mr. Walker Skirrow.-06serrer. THE QUEEN IN IRELAND. THE FOURTH DAY. (FROM OUR OWN REPORTER.) FRIDAY, SEPT. 2. The multifarious character of the incidents which occupied the attention of both royalty and loyalty to-day, renders the above simple heading, after the manner of the Arabian Nights, the best adapted for introducing a chroni cle of the proceedings. Her Majesty and party were at the Exhibition building long before ten o'clock, and spent about two hours in • most minute and discriminating examination of the contents, giving especial atten tion to those articles which were national, either in product or manufacture. The Queen was loudly cheered on her arrival by an immense crowd that thronged the doors, and on her departure received a similar ovation from the com pany within the building. Indeed, the good understanding between her Majesty and her Irish subjects seems rapidly to increase on every new occasion upon which they are brought into contact. During the first day's progress through the streets some of the English visitors who had formed large anticipations of Irish fervour, were of opinion that the demonstrations were comparatively cold ; but the fact was that the people were so anxious to see their sovereign and to establish her identity that they took little time to cheer, but the moment they caught a glimpse at one corner finmediately ran off to another in order to ob tain a better view. On the other hand, her Majesty, who was still suffering from the effects of the voyage, looked se rious and fatigued, from which conclusions were drawn that she was not quite pleased with her reception. Hu , ever since, the graciousness of the sovereign and the enthu siasm of the people have been increasing momently, so that wherever and whenever the Queen appears all is smiles on one side and enthusiastic cheering on the other. A gratifying fact that may be mentioned in addi. tion is, that the most delicate respect is everywhere observed, in order that her Majesty's movements may not be obstructed. On the day of her Majesty's drive to Lucan a cavalcade of upwards of a thousand can that had followed the royal cortege, wheeled round and retired in a body the moment an intimation was given that her Majesty did no wish to be followed any further. Again, in the Exhibition each day the company purchase the privilege of seeing her Majesty pass out, by previously pledging themselves that no inconvenient pressure will be attempted, and the pledge is observed with the moat rigorous punctuality. By these means every one gets a sight of the Queen, there is immense cheering, and the expression of her Majesty's countenance indicates the most perfect cheerfulness and satisfaction. During to-day's visit the Queen, who has worn a dif ferent dress every day since her arrival in Ireland, was attired in a richly figured French barege gown with white embroidered scarf and bonnet, both of the latter articles being trimmed and lined with blue. Prince Albert wore a black frock coat, buttoned up to the breast, and grey trousers. The young Princes were attired in black paletots, white trousers and grey cape. When her Majesty entered the building from the small aide door on the left of the dais, the National Anthem was pealed forth from Telford's great organ, at which Dr. Stewart officiated. Iler Majesty and the Prince first glanced at the busts chiefly by Irish artists, which are arranged under the organ loft, and then devoted a few minutes to the inspection of the two bronze figures of Archbishop Langton and Eustace de Vescia, cast by Elkington and Mason for the House of Lords. Descending from the dais they passed along the northern side of the central ball, admiring several works of statuary which are arranged there, and again inspected the magnificent specimens of Irish lace, of which her Majesty made large purchases, singling out for particular commendation some specimens of "point " _ . exhibited by Mrs. Mahony, of Limerick, a manufacturer hitherto not much known, but who, no doubt, will find her trade increase under the geaial influence of royal patronage. From this lady the Queen purchased a very handsome shawl, and gave orders for other articles. After a short time spent in the centre hall, her Majesty ascended for the first time to the galleries, from whence she had a oommandiag view of the whole interior, and was pleased ' to express her admiration of the general effect in warm terms. Prince Albert also was highly •• eulo gistic in his observations, and appears to be very much struck at the success of Sir John Benson in producing a perfect and pleasing light throughout in which everything is seen to the best advantage. Sir John has succeeded by means hitherto unknown in mo , dein structural art, but as everything good in high art I most come from the ancients, be is not ashamed to ac knowledge that he got his first idea from the Lanthorn of the Pantheon, and having once made himself sure of I the scientific truth of the principle, he perseveringly car ried it out to fruition in spite of a good deal of unlearned obstinacy and opposition, such as true artists in all ages have to contend with, and which nearly broke Wren's heart during the building of St. Paul's. The attention of parties concerned in the erection of edifices for similar purposes cannot h' too forcibly drawn to the lighting, the most remarkattle feature in the exhibition building. So complete has been tho architect's success, that from the hundreds of artists, that most irritable of all races, who exhibit in the picture gallery, not a single complaint has come to hand that a picture is placed in a bad light. The het is, that each picture is, technically speaking, com platcly " Lit," so that from whatever side you look at it, the whole scope and design is disclosed. Am.•tigst then*. tents of the g..lleries which mast attracted her Ma'esty's t, titian were some gr Asps modelled by a Mr. Wand in a new compost:ion of his own inventi.m, which , whilst presenting the soft and delicate appe.r.•r of wax, y alleged to be much harder, far more dur..ii..., and capable of resisting very great heat. Tke largest iit the groups rs• presents the late Mr. O'Connell, surround"! by a number of peasants, male and female—the figure. b, iug about five or six inches in height, and modelled with great spirit and expression. Her Majesty, attracted by th figure.:, stopped to examine them, and instantly exclaimed. " Ah, that is O'Connell." "Yes," said Prince Alhee, "and an excel lent likeness it is of him, too." Her Grail. he Duchene( Wellington then came up, and having cx.nain A the group with much apparent interest, testified h,r Arniration by purchasing it. - The Queen and Prince Albert were next e .nducted out on the external gallery which overlooks Minion-square, and their appearance was the signal fat at enthusiastic burst of applause from the crowds of lathes Al gentlemen who were assembled outside awaiting the mouing of the doors for the admission of the general euldie. While the Queen and Prince were Irmo./ suck kind and interested attention to the more important sec tions of the Exhibition, the young prince , were equally close in their inspection of the toys, with wh, .1 the gallery is abundantly furnished. They made sever II spirited pur lchases out of their pocket money—horse add.-ys, peg tops, &c.—the Prince of Wales being evidently s connoisseur in the last named article. Coming up to a stand upon whi c h specimens of bogoak carvings are exhibited, his royal high. nen at once selected an elaborately carved ornament; ea. ing the price in quite a manly off rimer port of way. The boutiquiere in attendance, qttitt overwhelmed with the unexpected honour, answered distractedly, " • shilling," the real price being about Fre. The Priam with a promptitude worthy the future ruler of a great cows• mercial nation closed with the bargain at once, laid dosed his shilling and at once walked off with his prise. This little incident will probably make the fortune of the etzkl bitor, who is constantly surrounded by groups of the curious, and preserves the shilling under a glass vase only to be shown to the most favoured of the ens.omers. Bath the princes exhibit a right royal meekly to promutethe important manufacture of comfits in this portion of her Majesty's dominions. They were early vi•iturs at Mr. Lemon's laboratory, and particularly admired a model o f the Exhibitiuu building in coloured harttbake, but came strongly of opinion that an early demolition would be the most expedient method of disposing of it. At 12 o'clock the royal party left amid loud and general cheering, and proceeded at once to the Park, where there was a review of cavalry, and a very interesting ceremony, namely, the presentation of a pair of colours by the Prince of Wales to the boys of the Iliberciou School. On his Royal Highnesses arrival, the very Itandeume colours, the gilt of the ladies of Dublin, were unfurled from their cases, The Prince of Wales handed them to their respective bearers, saying— " I have sincere pleasure in presenting you with these colours. You are soldiers' sons, and know how to vales hem. I hope you will keep them in remembrance of this day, and of me in time to come." The boys, headed by their commandant, Colonel Colomb o then marched past in slow, quick, and double-quick time, and also performed various other military evolutions, to the evident gratification of the royal princes; after which, Can. ducted by the commandant, their royal higlinesies and the viceregal party passed into the great dining•htir, and shortly after took their departure. The stand of colours consist of the union jack and a rte. mental colour, both beautifully embroidered with the crown and harp, encircled by a wreath of shumrockq, and a ribbon with the motto, "Fear God, honour the Kinn." FRANCE. PARIS, SVIIDAY EVENING. At mid-day yesterday the authorites of Boulogne were still uncertain whether the Emperor and Em press would arrive to-day. All preparations, how ever, to give Boulogne as splendid an appearance as possible were hurried on in order bat their Majes ties, if they do arrive, may find everything comma it fact The Boulogne New Times of Saturday, in an enthusiastic article on the imperial advent, declares that " Boulogne has imperishable recollections for the reigning dynasties." This is rather a bold sneer. I have not heard whether the paper that ventured upon it has received warning. The .Moniteur contains a decree of the Minister of Public Instruction, dated March 31st, 1853, but not hitherto made public, appointing a commission to in quire into the dietary regulations of the three Ly•l mums of Paris, in the triple point of view of quan tity, quality, and preparation. It publishes at the same time the result of the labours of the commission in a report from the president, Dr. Berard, Inspector- General of the Order of Medicine, and also a decree founded upon it. It is difficult to read this re port without coming to the conclusion that the public educational establishment for Pari sian youth has been for a long time one vast Dotheboys Hall. The commissioners have been at gnat pains so to word their report as not to give personal offence to any one, but it dearly appears that at the outset of their task they felt it necessary aot merely to enquire what amount of provisions were brought into the schools, but to take more than ordinary pains to ascertain what proportion found Its way down the throats of the boys. It maid hays been of little use they say to examine the messes in the lump and then calculate how much there was per head, because they found that masters, ushers, servants, and employees of various kinds, had their portions from the kitchen before the general dinners were served out. Accordingly the commissioners visited the schools unexpectedly at dinner-time, pounced upon the allowances in the boys' plates, and weighed them. They found, after repeated experiments, that a little boy had but 33 grammes, or little more than an ounce, of cooked meat for his dinner; a boy in the middle class, 45 grammes ; and one of the grand college, 55 grammes. They were, moreover, all condemned to eat bouiiii (beef boiled to rags) five days in the week. This diet the commissioners say was by no means a favorite one with the boys, and although it had been suggested to them that the poverty of the meat was compensated by the richness of the soup which was made from it, they found upon inspection that the soup itself was totally destitute of those 4 . fatty globules " which so " rejoice " the degustatory faculties when a true pelage tie menage is brought to table. They have recommended a much more gene rous scale of diet together with a systematic inspec tion to see that the boys really get what is allowed them. The of the Henault, at the risk of being thought to infringe the rule laid down at the beginning of the present session, that the Councils- General were not to trouble themselves about politics, has voted unanimously two resolutions—one calling upon the government to abolish the sliding scale, and the other praying for a thorough revision of the tariff, with a view to tho gradual and entire aboli tion of all import duties upon raw materia's, and to large reductions in the duties upon manufactured articles. The first resolution is thus worded : The of the Hennlt expresses its warm gratitude to the Emperor's government for the recent de cree suspending the sliding scale until Dec. 31, 1833 ; con vinced, moreover, that the sliding scale is a combination which has now attained its object, which was to assure suffi cient provision for the country at a moderate rate; Con sidering that the sliding scale is an experiment against which experience has decisively pronounced, and that it cannot fail greatly to hamper commercial operations by which a sufficiency of corn might he procured in difficult times; Considering that the nation which originated the sliding scale has effaced it from its legislation, and that many other countries which had adopted the sliding scale have now renounced it, and congratulate themselves upon having done so ; Considering that the differential duties established by the sliding scale between different sections of the terri tory are incompatible with the spirit of unity which cha racterizes French legislation ; Considering that, assuming that these differential duties were at any time justifiable, the immense improvements in the means of transport since they were enacted, now more than twenty years ago, takes away all excuse for their continuance; expresses the wish that the sliding scale may not be revived after Dec. 31,1853, and that it may be replaced by • fixed duty. In the other resolution, the Council-General states that the French tariff is the most restrictive in I Europe, and that it remains nearly what it was at the end of the last general war, except in those particu lars in which it has subsequently been rendered still more prohibitive. It complains particularly of the iheavy duties or, iron, which it represents to be highly injurious to many branches of national in dustry, more especially to agrieuhure. protests against all prohibitions, and demands that all high duties may be reduced to a modera!e amount. so that French industry may be stimulated by foreign corn p.tition. The Council-General of the Herault dis tinguished itself by a series of free trade resolutions Ilast year. But little has been said since his death, the other day, in an obscure corner of a distant province, of the Baron de Richmond, one of the many sol-disant Louis the Seventeenths. Ile was, however, the most notable of all those modest pretenders, and his claims were recognised by a considerable portion of the legitimist party. Ten members of the old noblesse were so con- VISIT TO lIOWTII. CASTLE. This old mansion, more remarkable for its antiquity than its architectural beauty, which bas been for centuries the residence of the ancient family of St. Lawrence, Barons of Howth, is a large structure, and comists of portions evi dently erected at different periods. It was expected that the Queen would arrive at the castle at four o'clock, but long before that hour hundreds of the inhabitants of the bill and of persons who bad come down specially from Dublin by the railway had assembled en the road on each side of the avenue leading to the Castle. Num bees of young men and boys were seated on walls, others still more adventurous were perched in trees, in order that they might obtain a good view of her Majesty as she passed. At shortly before five o'clock, the cheering of the people who crowded the road for a considerable distance in the direction ef Dublin, announced that the royal cortege was at length approaching. The cheering passed along, and in a few minutes Lord Howth, who had proce ded down the road, mounted on a splendid bay charger, to receive his royal visitor, dashed in through the castle gate and up the avenue leading to the castle, ac companied by Lord St. Lawrence, and quickly followed by the Queen's outriders is scarlet liveries. Imme diately after came the royal carriage, containing her Majesty, Prince Albert, the Prince of Wales, and the Countess St. Germans. Colonel Grey and Colonel the lion. A. Gordon (son of Lord Aberdeen), the equ ' , rode in uniform a• each side of the carriage. The Queen seemed much pleased with the beauties of the ecmery• around her, and the enthusiastic welcome accorded to her. She bowed repeatedly and graciously in acknowledgment of those manifestations of loyalty, In a second earriage were the Lord Lieutenant, Bak the Duchess of Wellington, and the Hon. Mary Butted ; and in a third the Marquis of Breadalbane, Sir J. Clark, and Mr. Gibbs, the tutor of tho Prince of Wales. When the royal cortege reached the court-yard, the Queen alighted, and was conducted by her noble host up the grand entrance steps, which were covered with crimson cloth. The Countess of Howth was in waiting on the terrace to r•- ceive her Majesty, who saluted the countess in a most gracious and cordial manner, and conversed with her for a short time before entering the c istle. After remaining about half an hour in the castle, and par taking of some tea, lace Msjesty and the other members of the royal party were conducted through the 'demure ' grounds and gardens surrounding the castle. The Queen, leaning on Lord Howth's arm, walked about enjoying the delightful scenery and the fineness of the evening (or a considerable period. The Countess of Howth was escorted by his Royal Highness Prince Albert. After a short inspection of the grounds the carriages were ordered, and the royal party drove round the hill enjoying the scenery of the bay, the Que.'s evincing much Pleasure at the variety and beauty of the prospect. Having gone round the entire hill the royal corti;ge set out shortly after seven o'clock by the s►me route as they travelled out for the Viceregal Lodge, where they arrived at 2•i minutes before 8 o'clock. The last incident in the day's programme was the illumi• nation of the fleet at Kingstown, a spectacle which at tracted thousands of spectators. The ships looked beautiful, decked out in Bengal lights, and the cannonade from the heavy guns added much to the general effect. The spec• tacle was finished at an early hour, and the erowd after one or two hearty cheers for the Quiet], returned to town. SATURDAY, SEVT. 3. VISIT OF HER MAJESTY TO TILE NATIONAL EDUCATION SCHOOLS. Her Majesty visited the Yitional Education Schools, in Marlborough-street, at twelve o'clock this day. His Royal Highness Prince Albert and the royal children accompanied her Majesty, who was received at the gate of the building by the members of the board, amid conducted to the infant School, amidst the loud and enthusiastic cheering of tho immense concourse of people who were assembled in Marl• bm.ough-street and its vicinity. His Eicellenry the 1. ,, rd Lieutenant, Earl Granville, the Marquis of l3rcadal bane, the Duchess of Wellington, the Countess of Si. Ger mans, and the lion. Miss "Wheel, accompanied her Ma jesty. As her Majesty's carriage was proceeding through thu lawn in front of the National S^hools, when she was taking het' departure, a respectably-dressed man came forward from the crowd which lined the aide of the avenue by which the carriages were pawing, and threw a folded parer into her klaj,sty's chariot. Police-constable. Condon, 206 C, who happened to be standing by at the time, took the man iato custody and conveyed him to the Sackvillo.place station house, haviag preeiuusly secured the paper, which, on being examined, . . , . . was found to be a petition to her Majesty, imploring her to grant him rime means to recover the earn of 501., which he had lent to an officer, and which money he could nat get refunded. It appears that the prisoner's name is Richard Andrew Burnett, by profeuion a musician, and organiitto the protestant church at Naaa. From his own ststementa made to the palice, it appears that he And torwarileil a most voluminous petition to her Majesty at the Viceregal Lodge, and no reply having been given to the communica tion, as a last resource he threw the paper into the car riage, believing, as he did sq. that her Majesty would read it. Aa the prisoner was removed in custody throuch the streets it was as much as the police could do to >avo him