The Express. — London, England, 1851-08-30 00:00:00

Zhe erpreoo. TO CORItESPON DENTS. A Newl Mies .1" lb. easuisaap b aloe centre. t• ....to," Y pabilAed terry Tend.; sal Friday algal. la (hue I.r pest A 'vet hitemaird •ae "TM Karroo.; Inettaa Evesinx psrfr, 1.3,4 t v the ollke, bueftne.grest. b/ I oVA.k ea lb. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE Tn• Q•t—rlere l M. 44. 14 ..... Ahern's, 411 39a. I...ies.sow—llmelag. 416 3 7 tfteTsiiii, Ss. 22m. LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST 30. \1 r: have in India an ingenious sapping proems, by which in progress of time, we make sine that the dominions of our dearest native friends and heartiest allies will fall into our hands. We first overwhelm them with pecuniary obligations; and, if for the dis charge of those debts they give the financial screw a turn, wo stigmatise them 23 oppressors; or, failing to do so, we proceed against them as bankrupts. Of this insidious system we have inst given one notable example in the ease of the Nizam of the 1/Eccis. There is another instance at hand in the affairs of the Nabob-Vizier, now, in the decrepitude of his power, called the King of Onix. In 1773 the then reigning Prince of OrDE agreed to pay . the Kist India Company at the rate of 23 hes of rupees, or 2:10,000/. a year, for the services, when required, of one brigade of British troops. In 1;73 the subsidy was raised to :11 lees. or :1t0,009/..; in 17$1, one regiment of sepoys having been added to the force, it was further increased to 319,00tI1.; and in that year WAttai:x ItAwrisus drew the fol lowing picture of the expenditure of the Nabob's Cuurt' Ilse number, inflamer, soil enormous amount of the sa laries, pensions, ant em,durnents of the Company's Servanb, Cis ii and Mint try, in the Vizier's service have become an While:able hurtle ii on the revenue and authority of his Hz eelhvey, and exposed ui to the cony and rem ntnient of the whole country, by exeluding the native servants and ad r, nes of the Vizier from the rewards of their services and tt.mtunests. Upon the accession of Lord CORNWALLIA to the government of India in 1706 the Nabob entreated the noble lord to relieve hint from a portion of this burden, whielt was pressing him to death. Lord Couswsta.ts's answer to this remonstrance was a demand that he should maintain two additional re giments of our troops, and pay an inereass of his subsidy from 310;001 to 3filooot. a year, although (hr Nabob tendered proof that, during the nine pre ceding years, he had really paid the eompany at the rate of 141 hues of rupees, or SWAMI. per annum, he being, es we have seen, only horrid by treaty to pay' fruit, 1773 to 17041, 31 lass, and from 1701 to 1707 only 31 lace. In 1797 Lord 'fr.ifix norm saddled two more regiments upon hint, and raised the sub sidy from 50 to 33 1 . lacs. Next year a further aug mentation war made to the force, and his payment was carried up to 71i Wes, exclusive of 12 lass he was compelled to pay us compensation for the expense of placing him upon the throne. By the treaty of 17047. his subsidy was mole liable to augmentation or diminution, not in proportion to hi- means, of payment, but in proportion to the lures which the Cumpany, might think proper to maintain in his territories. Under this stipulation, the subsidy hu.l beefs increased in . ten years from 30 to 76 Lacs of rupees; and in 17 99 , Lord WELLE , LEY gave the last torn to the screw by sending an extra force into Oude, which entailed upon its finances an additional lourthen of art lows. so that, beginning with a demand fur 23 Des or 230,001 K, we, in lust than thirty years, steadily advanced our claims until they h ad malted the enormous sum of 1 crone and 30 lass of rulers., or I,3mktfoof., or 'mire than a moiety of the Vizieses whole revenues, exclusive too of the cession of the valuable province of Moores. And now for the conclusion of this sapping pro eess. In 114411, lard WELLE , LEV, under a threat ref seizing the whole of the Naholis dominions, unless lo• would consent to a surrender of a portion of them, caereed him into a cession of a territory of the annual value, not of the ordinary feasibly, but of all the additions which his lordsli'p had made to it— salitiona made in the face of an acknowledgment, that tlw original demand wan such as it would be extremely difficult for the Nabob to fulfil. The plea for this extortiim was that the funds required for ally amount of force which it might please the British government to station in the Oude dominions, should he always forthcoming. It was in vain the unfortunate Prince protested in this language : Since 1 have n. 4 in any way delayed or neglectod to dia. eli.orge the ravens" of the troops, but have paid them with punetudoty, • firm i* the occasion of requiring this territory ? The fiat haul, however, gone forth, and in the midst of ps ae. and in the faithful fulfilment of his engage no ono, our ally was stripped of oe-half his kingdom. From the year 1773, when we slid in the tine edge of the wedge, until 1001, when we drove it home, the sapping provers was in silent operation. The result, as we have seen, was the compulsory surrender to the Company of the most valuable portion of the Nabob-Viruses dominions. From 1 , 011 to 1013, scarcely a year wherein wo did not threaten hint with seizure of the re mainder, mitre, us usual, the pretence of his ini,loveriament. But in the hatter year a change tame over U./. The Nabob Iffs trier ALI had died, leaving a well ordered territory, producing an annual revenue of two millions sterling; and, what was much more to our purpose, a sum in hard cash of the saute amount. War lad just broken out with the Nispiulese; our t reasury . s as empty ; and money at Calcutta was not to Ire raised under 12 per cent. But the treasury of our neighbour was full. So we coolly put our hands into it, drew out the two millions, gave the Nabob in return a barren, unin habitable district, and the high sounding title of King of Outer_ At the commencement of this system of exaction the Direetora of the East India l'ompany betrayal some qualms of conscience. " If," they then said to their servants in India," if you intend to exert your influence, first to induce the Vizier to acquiesce in your proposal (to increase the troops and the subsidy) and attei wards to keep the troops in his pay during your pleasure, your intentions are unjust, and such eonduet will be discreditable to the Company." But Mow qualms did nut last lung. In 1796 the libectors themselves ordered the two regiments of cavalry in Oude to be increased to four; and in 1799 they ex pressed their satisfaction that exclusive of the im mediate payment of 12 Lacs of rupees by the Nabob- Vizier his annual subsidy is increased upwards of 20 lees of rupees." lklure his connexion with the English began, the revenues of Oude had exceeded three millions eterliug, easily levied; in 1779 it did not reach half that sum. 'Yet the sum dentandisi by the British government in that year fur subside, &c., exceeded considerably two millions and a hale sterling, ur twice the net revenue. Who can wonder that the country should have exhibited every mark of " oppression and exaction ?" But, nut content with these direct attacks on his Exchequer, the Company deeply damaged the Nabob's revenue by insisting upon the exemption of their trade from all customs duties, and by drawing specie to Calcutta. From 17143 to 1794, upwards of two millions sterling of specie had been drawn from Oude, exclusive of what was sent down to answer the bills issued for the payment of the troops, and on private account. And these the directors acknow ledged were amongst the foremost causes, which, as they said, had brought the country to tho brink of , ruin. During the whole time we were thus picking his pocket. we never ceased to abuse the Nabob for the dilapidation of his finances, and to stigmatise him for the oppression of his people. " It is well known," wrote Lord CORNWALLIS to the Nabob after he had just fastened an additional subsidy upon the unfortunate Prince, " not only throughout Hin dostan, but to all Europe, that the revenues of your Excellency's dominions are diminishing be yond measure. Does not this consideration alarm your Excellency? Can anything but ruin result from such circumstances? What must be the situa tion of your Bytom? Tour Excellency knows that 'the prayers of the oppressed are attended to by the Almighty, and often call down His vengeance upon their oppreams." Surely this was addin g bWtplumy and mockery to woe. " I was pleased • said fiishop LIEBER subsequently after that nobleman bad borrowed - from the Nabob—" after all of Olds, to find the eaun tudsr the plough ; since, were Upon lnclc evialmms blasphemy . and mocks and sur wusd, said to Lord 011, afte the last two millions which I had heard try accompletsly and THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, AUGUST 30, 1851. duce of the land, without any reference whatever to 1 The municipality of Dijon, in imitation of that of the cost of production. Whether the crop was grown Paris, has resolved to undertake important works, in on a rich alluvial soil, where the cost and toil of order to afford employment tothe workmen. Amongst. growing it are at a minimum, or whether it was other things it has resolved to effect a complete res raised upon poor laid, or on land difficult to cultivate, toration of the old palace of the states of Burgundy, where a large proportion of the gross produce con- at an expense of 230,000 f. The plans have already mists of capital necessarily expended by the farmer been submited to the minister of the interior. in order to grow a crop at all, the tithe-owner came A decree of the President of the Republic directs in and claimed a tenth part of the produce in both that henceforward in the ports of Cherbourg and cases. The tithe system was in fact a bar to many Loricnt, all captains in the navy with the rank of of those important improvements in cultivation by major shall bear the title of major-general, as is the which farmers and landowners, since the commuta- practice at Brest, Toulon, and Rochefort. tion, have largely profited. If, therefore, the tithe The Mountain committee of surveillance met to- ! . rent-charge does fall somewhat heavily in cheap sea- day. M. Joly, bell., presided. After sitting for an I sons by reason of its being regulated by the average hour they sent the following note to the republican of seven years' prices, it is but common justice to journals :—" The committee appointed by the republi- i bear in mind that heavy as the rent-charge may be can opposition has assembled to-day. The calm' I temporarily. it is light in comparison to the old claim which prevails in Paris and in the departments will '+ of the tithe-owner to take bodily one-tenth part of 1 reassure public opinion. The attitude of the people the year's produce. 1 contrasts admirably with all the violent excitations It may, perhaps, be said, that practically tithes of a portion of the press of the great party of order." I were taken in kind in only the minority of instances, The committee has adjourned till next Friday. and that in most eases 'the tithe-owners received At the commencement of the Bourse to-day the fall money rents for their rights to tithe; and this is of the last few days made further progress, and the perfectly true. But, whenever the tithe was not I Five per Cents. m ere at one time as low us 94f. 10c. owned be the same person as the land, the power They afterwards recovered, and closed at 94f. 50c., fossessed by the tithe-owner of taking his tithes in I being a rise from yesterday of sc. The Three per ind operated nearly as prejudicially to impede . Cents. rose 10e., and closed at .513 f. 45e. improvement, and prevent the adoption of new I _ modes of cultivation, as the actual taking up of tithes The endless disputes about tithes, which rendered them a fertile source of litigation, and their inter ference with husbandry, are bygone evils of the tithe system never to belost sight of when we advert to the inconveniences aol inequalities to which our present tithe rent-charges subject us. - • - SPAIN. MADRID, Ara. 2t. The Clamor Public has been seized to-day. It is reported that M. Juan Martinez Villergas has been arrested for the publication of a pamphlet, entitled A Parallel between Generals Espartero and N'ar vaez." Great uneasiness is felt at the non-arrival of the French mail, which it was feared must hard been stopped by brigands. The journals impatiently demand the convocation of the Cortes. In some places, however, the tithe-owners never obtained the full value for their tithes, and there, when the tithes were commuted, the money payment as rent charge became greater taan that which had before been paid as rent of the tithes ; and when in such cases the burthen became aggravated by the operation of a seven years' average tithe payment on falling markets for grain, much, and not unnatural, irrita tion and complaint arose amongst the tithe-payers. It is by private adjustments and arrangements amongst themselves that occupiers of land, landlords, and tithe-owners can alone settle these various ine qualities; and now, when by the repeal of the corn laws all those unnatural fluctuations in prices which resulted from a vicious and artificial system have been got rid of, we do not apprehend that there will be long any difficulty in so doing. Landowners ought always to pay the tithe rent-charges apportioned to their estates, and let their farms tithe-free; and they will ever find it their interest so to do,for apart from the annoyance of a yearly fluctuating rent-charge, the farmer will generally prefer to make one payment for rent to one landlord than, after he has made his bargain for his principal rent,to find he has a second rent to pay to another recipient. We observe that the tithe commissioners in their last report state that the work of tithe commuta tion has been "substantially achieved," and that after some unfin.shed and minor portions of the work have beencompleted,they recommend a quieting act for finally extinguishing all claims to tithe ' which had not then been commuted, merged, or • redeemed. The sooner this is accomplished the ' better. FRANCE. PARIS, FRIDLT ETININO. At the sitting of the court-martial at Lyons, on Wednesday, the President inquired of the prisoners if they had made choice of any advocates to replace those who had retired? They answered that they did nut intend to choose any. Thu President then informed them that he had assigned theta counsel who were present in court, and whose names he read. All the prisoners, with the exception of Pasta, declined to accept their services. Capt. Merle declared that the government with drew from the prosecution as against Pasta. There will therefore be no speech for the defence, and the verdict will probably be given this day. The Patrie has an article headed " symptoms," I which would be truly alarming if it were possible to suppose that it had the smallest foundation in truth. It asserts that a plot has been discovered for murdering all the officers of the army at the same I hour, so that at a given moment, the army being without any chiefs, a revolt of the troops may second' the rising of the socialists. The officers are to be murdered by the soldiers. This monstrous plan, it ! says, is not a dream; the country will shortly receive ' a startling and judicial proof that it is only too much of a reality. The Patrie claims to have this story believed upon its own bare word, for it con ' eludes, " We have the symptoms ; let them suffice to warn us. Let us act, without waiting for the results, and without asking for proof. It would be too late." After such a harrowing announcement it is some re lief to know that the only symptoms of slaughter upon such a gigantic scale, is that a solitary gend'urme, the bearer of a despatch in the arrondissement of Largentiere, has been shot at and dangerously i Iwounded by three men who are not yet in custody. This assassination is asserted to be a part of the vast scheme which is shortly to strew the whole soil of France with corpses. It is a comfort to think that I the intelligence of the conspirators is not equal to their wickedness, or they would not prematurely sound the alarm by firing in the highway upon a single victim. The disposition, too, of the French army—not very prone to wholesale cold-blooded assassination—is some guarantee that the authors of the plot must have miscalculated their resources for its execution. But none of these considerations occur to the Patric—a privileged journal, sold in the streets, and enjoying an immunity from government prosecutions—which announces the plot, with the aid of large type, in the manner most calculated to alarm the public mind. M. Lamartine has written two articles in the Pays against the presidency of the Prince do Joinvilie, Which he says would be deplorable for the republic, deplorable for royalty, and deplorable for the prince. The following extract is at once a specimen of M. Lamartine's feelings on the subject, and a summary of his whole argument : • All would be trouble, suspicion, conspiracy against con spiracy, panic, treason, trembling, expeetation,restless days, sleepless nights, in a republic under the presidency of a prince, the son of a king, the brother of a regent, the uncle of another king in leading-strings, the cousin of another king in negotiation with him for the throne, the accomplice, real or supposed, of every royalty in every court in Europe, interested in overthrowing by his hand a republic committed to the cus tody of the Tenpins. Is that what France wants? Let her then say so! She will see what a country is that has a false name for its government, a false king for its republic, a false republican for its royalty, a country so corrupt and so vile as to mock at itself in the face of nations, a country that can make perfidy an institution, and set up treason for a magistracy! Such a spectacle the world has not yet seen —an Orleanist presidency would show it to you ; but no, it never will show it to you, for neither the country nor the prince would lend themselves to such a mockery of the republic. Let honest men of all parties look to it. The peace of the coun try cannot be played with with impunity ; governments are not the dry bones with which the idlers of Athens amused themselves. We are on the morrow of a revolution greater and deeper than you suppose; we are not far off from another much more terrible and still more radical, if we do not take care, and if we think, like careless children, that we may sport with a sleeping lion. The time is puerile only because of our weakness and frivolity, but it is serious in respect of the ideas, the problems, the necessities, and the popular forces with which it is pregnant ; do not let us laugh at it too much. To escape from radical revolution, and from impossible royalties, we set our foot upon a republic, timidly, and feeling our way as we went along. We found that the ground bore ; we may rest upon with all our people; we ' may live, possess, increase, labour, progress, develope, and grow great. and be the founders of a wise and pure demo cracy in Europe. But it is upon one condition—upon the condition that we shall be what we are, and not something else ; that is to say that we shall be a republic—for in a rno narchy we sank; it is the republic that has supported us. Let us, then, consider well with ourselves. Shall we return to monarchy ? Let us have no lying, intrigue, cunning, or tergiversation ; it is unworthy of a great country. Let us ' speak out frankly . ; the ballot-box is open ; universal suf frage is there • universal suffrage is the sovereign —let the sovereign speak! Let it say monarchy if it dare! Let it choose . a king if it can ! France is free to contradict herself, free even to enchain herself! But in that case reject all repub lican institutions, presidency, sovereign assemblies, univer- I salsuffrage o r res t r i c t e d suffrage ; the king is king or he t is nothing! But will you remain a republic? Remain so • then, but be a real republic, without any leaven of royalism, without pretenders, dynasties, without vestiges or expec , tancies of royalty. Choose your representatives from among men who do not deny their opinions, bat who will • not delude their consciences • choose for your presid en t a l r man for whom the presidential chai r wi ll b e ne i t h er the ' • fragments of, nor the materials for, a throne. the oppression so great as is sometimes stated, 1 cannot think that we should witness so con siderable a population and so much industry ;" and when the Nabob was charged with exactions and mismanagement, he shrewdly observed—" If the British government had not deprived me of the two millions which my father left in the treasury, I should have been enabled to ease the people of their burthens, and to meet without inconvenience what ever loss of revenue may arise from a reduced assessment. When, however, we were freely supplying our urgent necessities front the Nabob's treasury, we could not, for very shame, continue our abuse of his government. There was a pause there fore in our im- t iutations ; but again, this did not continue. W e soon recommenced our trade against what was called his " nefarious rule," and menaced him with annexation. And it is due to the Home Authorities to say. that it was wholly owing to their interposition that these threats were not executed. But we had Indian statesmen then at the Indian Bawd. Holz M weesate and lIENHV Rtes saw through the pretexts which covered this g= ing system and arrested it. There are no such el upon abuse of power now, and as the Nabob hie paid his bill , and owes as nothing, we have no immethate plea for dealing with him, as we are about to do with the Nizaw. The "mismanagement of Oude" has been a standing dish with the British government for the last halt' century. By whom has it been served up ? By t he Nabob's tinhjects ? Not at all. With all its faults, they prefer their own government to that of the Company's. It is the British Resident who has always been employed in throwing dirt upon the unhappy Prince; when the Resident himself reigus with despotic sway over the whole country. " The liritish Resident at Lucknow," said Lord WILLIAM EF:NTINC:i, in 1831, " is more than king." Ile is clothed " with a degree of state equal to that of Ili-laity itself," and "allowed to act the part rather of schoolmaster and dictator than of the minister of a friendly power, professing to recognise the inde pendence of its Ally. The immense extent of ,p'uris dktion exercised by the Resident at Lucknow within the town itself, the actual residence of the Sovereign, is totally incompatible with the royal dignity and authority. Neither the officers of the government, nor private gentlemen, are allowed to visit the Itesuleney, from who:n the Itesi dent might learn the true position of affairs, the sentiments of the people, and the condition el the country." And yet it is from "these ) rival Nabobs" that we derive all the information respecting the affairs of our Allies. How is it dos-, sible that any Prince can govern his country well who is thwarted or over-ridden by such an overseer? And who can doubt that the real remedy for such' alleged misgovernment is his removal from the scene of action ? " If," said the same honest man, Lord WlLt.tast—" If the political agents were altogether removed, I believe it would be for the comfort of the Sovereign, for the advantage of good government, sod for the real interests of both states." Such is a faithful history of the connexion of the last India Company with the State of Oude from its commencement, now more than three-quarters of a century ago, up to the prescut time. Let reflect ing men pause over the picture, and ask what advan tagethiseountry has derived, or what it is possible this country could derive, from all this insatiable rapine and rapacity? As well expect that the French na tion could have reaped profit from the merciless razzias by which Algiers has been ravaged and de- populaiea. Upon these atrocities of our rival and , m ighbour, we pour out a torrent of virtuous indig nation; for the crimes committed in India in the' name of the British people, we reserve the most callous-hearted indifference ; as if their ultimate re- 1 mutts affected not ourselves but the inhabitants of another planet, and as if they formed no link in the chain of causes by which retributive justice over takes and punishes the mightiest among nations, as surely as it reaches the lowliest among men. E have received communications from farmers and others upon the subject of tithe rent-charges, which show that considerable dissatisfaction exists amongst tithe-payers. 'lhe commuted rent-charge, now for the most part payable instead of tithe, is a variable yearly payment, the amount of which is regulated by the average prices of wheat, htrley, and CISEII during the previous seven years. The effect of suit an arrangement of course is. that when there. has been a aeries of years during which the prices of grain have been high, followed by another series of years of low priced corn, the tithe payer finds him self burthened with a payment calculated upon prices considerably higher than he can obtain for the crops by the sale of which he must get the money required to pay the tithe rent-charge. That is precisely the ease at this moment ; and the result is. that farmers very loudly and generally complain that the tithe rent-charges they have to pay arc too high in pro portion to the prices they receive for their grain. Of the accuracy of the facts on which they found their complaints there can be no doubt ; how fur,' and by whom a remedy can be provided, are different questions. A short statement of facts and figures will put the reader in possession of all the requisite data on this subject. 'flee prices of corn per bushel, upon which the commutations of tithes are based, are the average of the prices of the seven years next preceding Christmas, 1835. These prices were Is. Old. wheat, 3s. 11 barley, and 2s. Pd. oats the bushel ; and upon such prices the apportionment of the rent charges has been made. Each year, in January, a no w average of the prices of these grains is Own' kir seven years immediately before the time of t.kiag such average, and the average so taken forms the value of the apportioned tithe rent-charge during the then current year. That average is, according to the provisions of the Tithe Commutation Act, pub lished in the London Gazette. For the present year 1101, the average, as published in the Gazette of the 3rd of last January, gave the prices per bushel of wheat Os. &td., of barley 45., and of oats 2s. tid., being the average of the preceding seven years. To show how that operates upon the tithe payer, we may state that a tithe rent-charge of 1001., apportioned according to the average of the seven years next preceding Christmas, 1833, will during the present year be of the value of 961. 11.. 5d., or about three-and-a-half per cent. lower than the apportioned rates. The average prices of grain for each single year of which the seven years' average is compounded will be most concisely given in a tabular form : Wheat Barley Oats per bushel. per bushel. per bushel. 1914 6i. 41d. 4s. 2'd. 2s. 9 d. 1814 Gs. 4"d. 35. 111 d. 2s. 9d. 1846 (4 . 2s. l t d. 1847 SS. 811. ss. 6 d. 3s. i. 1948 Gs. 31.1. 3s. 11 d. 2s. 6 5 d. 1949 fps. 6'd. 3s. sd. 2s. 21d. 1850 ss. ol d . 2s. 11 . 2s. 0 d. From the above figures it will be obvious that the high prices of 1847 are mainly instrumental in keeping up the seven years' average so high as it still rules; and this high-priced year will act upon , the tithe averages for four years yet to come. Averages for the year 1843, for which those of 1830 , are the substitutes, were—wheat, Bs. 3d. ; barley, 34. 8 ; oats, 21. 3' d. ; and the lower payment, on account of the tithe rent charge which will fall due this year, as compared with that of last year, is due to the difference between' the prices of 18-13 and the prices of 18.50. Should the average prices of wheat, barley, and oats for the current year rule, as is most probable, lower than the average prices of the same grains iu 1814, then next year there will be a further reduction in the tithe rent-charge ; and in this way, should prices continue moderate a few years longer, the payment in respect of the tithe rent charge will be brought down to a proportion equiva lent to the prices of grain. In the mean time there can be no question that the farmer who calculated on receiving prices for his grain considerably higher than he has received during the last two years, and higher than he will in all probability ordinarily re ceive, does seem to have some claim to an allowance from the tithe-owner who gets the benefit of an income calculated on high prices, while that income has become much enhanced in real value or purchas ing power by the lower prices which now prevail. On the other hand it is fair to remember that system for which the tithe rent-charge forms the substitute. Before the commutation took place, the tithe-owner was entitled to take one-tenth part of the gross pro- NAPLES. A letter from Naples, of the 21st inst., received via Lyons, announces that the small town of Bari, in the Neapolitan territory, had been completely destroyed by an earthquake. All the houses had been either reduced to ruins or swallowed up. At the time the letter was written 700 dead bodies had been dug out of the ruins. ELOQUENCE OF A NEAPOLITAN ATTORNEY•GENEItAL. The Prngreaso of Turin, of the 17th August, gives extracts from the official speech of Francois l'aul Morelli, the King of Naples' Attorney-General, on the occasion of the opening of the great criminal court of Farther Calabria. The Progress 9 professes to derive them from an official brochure published in the kingdom of Naples. If authentic, they prove that the persecuting spirit of the Neapolitan government is more virulent than ever. Morelli began, says the report, by "deploring the ferocity of the times now just passed, during which the earth seemed a hell of the damned, umbra mortis et nutlua ordo." Then, pressing the judges close, ho told them "that the efforts of government would be of no avail, unless the magistrate launched the lightnings of the law against the guilty. The happiness of society depends," he said, "on the great criminal court, charged with the task of chaining down unbridled license. True, during the last year, there has been something done in the interest of society ; but at present the same line must he followed with greater success, and the last remains of the anarchical charogne must be annihilated in the sanctuary of justice. Yes, I repeat it, all the efforts made hitherto will be fugitive and vain, if filled and devoured by a holy zeal, we do not direct all our atten tion to the fulfilment of that which our well-beloved prince has the right to expect from us, that which our conscience imposes on us every moment with its monitions, that which we have resolvedly sworn on the gospel of Jesus Christ. You understand me, gentlemen." Such are Morelli's advices to the judges: here are his menaces. " What is disgrace, gentlemen, for you, if in the high' sphere to which the• clemency of the sovereign has raised you, there should still be some of you, who, for the impenetrable cuirass of impassibility, should wish to sub stitute the disgraceful tunic of private regards ; for firm courage, a cowardly timidity; for invincible justice, a fearful moderation;! Well, such—if there be such—ought to de scend from their honourable seats, and to them it should be cried, a.s was cried to the unclean dogs which the ecstatic prophet of Patmos saw in his vision—turfs canes—/aria canes (out with the dogs—out with the dogs:) Yes; these filthy rogues ought to quit the sanctuary of justice, and ought no longer to soil it with their offensive presence. Out with the dogs —out with the dogs! 111-doing dogs, who devour the master's bread, not to defend him, but to betray him—out with the dogs! Lying dogs, who wear the badge of fidelity, not to carry it out in action, but rather to deceive the confidence reposed in them—out with the digs ! Perverse dogs, who mingle with the wolves, not to exterminate them, but rather to participate with them in the bloody prey—out with the dogs." The King of Naples' attorney-general must be an asto mistily eloquent man, and extremely tasteful. ROME, Aro. 20. Yesterday witnessed the military execution of a Roman soldier for homicide and insubordination two years ago; the culprit, Angelo Seratini, was shot in an unusually remote spot, beyond the Porta Portese. The official paper of last night announces that he met his fate in a spirit of Christian resignation, and wrote a letter to the authorities, "begging them to exhort his companions in arms not to follow the perverse maxims now in vogue, but to practise constantly the precepts of our holy religion, and remain faith ful to the sovereign, who is also vicar of Christ." In a few days sentence will be passed upon the per sons implicated in the conflagration of cardinals car riages during the republican epoch. There are more than a hundred persons charged with this sacrile gious offence, amongst whom the Papal authorities have insisted on comprising Mazzini, Saffi, and Ar mellini, although they had nothing to do with the destruction of the gaudy old coaches. It is curious to observe with what unrelenting ire the cardinals persecute not only those who really did burn their carriages, but also those who never thought of such a thing; whilst Austria has formally prohibited any further proceedings against those enthusiasts who threw down the impenal escutcheon from the Palazzo di Venezia, and dragged the double-headed eagle at the tail of a donkey all down the Corso to the Piazza del Popolo, there to consign it ignominiously ad /laminas, amidst bands of music and shouts of de rision. Nor can the pretext of offended religion be DOWNING-STRF:ET, At:G. 29.—The Queen has been adduced, since the rank of cardinal is only a court pleased to appoint William Avshford _Sanford, Esq., to be ! I dignify, the members of the sacred college are not Colonial Secretary for the territory of Western Australia— all priests, and carriages cannot be con si d ere d coin- `-` ae 'Right ponent parts of a clerical hierarchy. The Hon. Henry Labonchere left town this Must of the other political trials remain in data quo, morning (Saturday) for a tour of a f e w w ee k s u p on th e and the wretched prisoners rot month aft er mou th A deputat i on, from Bristol, had an interview yes and year after year in prison without so muc h as an continent. terday with the General Board of H ea lth, a t th e i r offices, interrogation. The famous inquiry into the assasei, Whitehall. The Earl of Shaftesbury presided. The other nation of Count Rossi is at rest more than all the members of the Board present were E. Chadwick, Esq., other trials, and although the priests seemed disposed 2.3Bte.aCrZr.liidscorm Southwood Smith. n dept , i i i s tii i r H e e e r n e: to revenge his death at any hazard, they must in path, and J. G. Shaw attendet by Mr. James Harris, clerk reality be enchanted to have got rid of him, and to to the Bristol local board of health. prove this conjecture it will suffice to look at the fate Despatches were sent off yesterday from the Colo of all his associates in the ministry, beginning with nial-officc to the Governor of Canada, and to the Governors his intimate friend the Duke of Rignano; they are colonies. of the other North American all in disgrace. A very humble monument has just The Marchioness of Hastings has broken up her been raised to the memory of Count Rossi in the establishmentve rsal regret is E f f e co t rd i , n nzar niin Ly i n . :!n s gzn ii. n in ei Church of St. Lorenzo e Demos°, with an inscrihbour ption hood at her ladyship's departure, Y on g sccount of her timers which contains not a single word of eulogy upon Jilin lance and hospitality. GERMANY. AUSTRIA. The following important declaration appeared in the Wienes Zettung of Ang. 26: MOST MGR CABINETLETTEO TO VIE MINISTER-PILESIDENT. Dear Prince Schwarsentscrg,—As the responsibility of the cabinet, as it now stands, is devoid of legal distinctness and exactitude, my duties as a monarch induce me to re lieve ministers from the doubtful political position in which, as my counsellors, and as the highest executive organs, t.wy are now placed, by declaring that they arc responsible to no other political authority than the throne. 1. The cabinet has to swear in my hands unconditional fidelity, as also the engagement to fulfil all imperial roailu tions and ordinances. . . . 2. The Cabinet will in this new position have punctually to carry out my resolutions concerning all laws, ordinances, maxims of administration, &c., may they have been con sidered necessary or judicious by Ministers, or may the' latter have been directed by me to consult and propose them. 3. The cabinet and each minister in his department is responsible to me for the exact observance of the existing laws and imperial ordinances in their administration. To each minister is entrusted the direction of that branch of the administration with which he is charged. I, how- ever, reserve to myself the rightof issuing suurc exact regu lations on this point. 4. The ministerial contra-signature is in future confined to the publication of laws and imperial ordinances, and will be that of the Minister-President, or of that of those ministers with whose branch the matter in question is con fleeted, The director of the Chancellery of the cabinet will sign under the closing formula of " Ily most high com mand," which will stand towards the side. These contra-signatures are us a warranty that the ap pointed forms have been observed, and that the imperial ordinances have been punctually and exactly carried out. ily the publication of laws and imperial ordinances the words " After having heard my cabinet" will be substi tuted for " On the proposition of my c ibinet." FRANZ JOSEPIL (M.P.) Sehonbruno, 20th August, 1851. ROST Hiatt CABINET LEIIER TO THE PRESIDENT OP TILE REICIISIINTII (COUNCIL OP TIM Dear Baron Kubeck,—You will 1 am by the subjoined copy of my ordinance to the cabinet the resolutions which I have taken relative to the responsibility and to the future position of my cabinet. These resolutions induce me to in troduce some changes in the statutes of my reichsrath:— , I. The reicherath is from this time forward to be con sidered as my council and the council of the throne. 2. In consequence of this declaration, drafts of laws, or dinances, or other Nuch matters have not to be presented by the cabinet to the reichsrath for its opinion, but always Ito me. Agreeably to par. 7of its statutes, I reserve to my. self ,the right of demanding the the opinion of the Reichs. rath, and of directing the discussion of matters under my own immediate direction, or that of its president. 3. I reserve to myself the right of commanding the at- I tendance of ministers or their deputies at the councils of I the Reichsrath, according to circumstances Ina necessity. I The alterations in the order of business and in other matters arising from the ordinances you have to lay before mo without loss of time. If drafts of laws which have been forwarded by the cabinet to the Iteichsrath are still under discussion, due notice is to be given to me, and under all circumstances the results of the deliberations of the council are to be laid boterc me. Fasxz JOSEPH (M.P.) Settonbrunn, August 20, ROST HIOII CA . RINii LET CRII TO THE MINISTER•PRESIDENT. Dear Prince Schwarzenberg, —By the accompanying copy you and the cabinet will see the alterations which 1 have thought proper to make in the position and statutes of the Reichsrath ; and the cabinet, in as far as it is con cerned, has to act accordingly. FRANZ JOSEPH (M.P.) SehonbrutiniAugust 20, 1851. MOST 111011 CAUINET LETTER TO TILE MINISTER-PRESIDENT. Dear Prince Schwarsenberg,—As an immediate conse quence of the resolutions which I have taken relative to the I political position of my cabinet, I find it absolutely times nary that the question of the maintenance and of the possi bility of carrying out the constitution of the 4th of March, 1849, should be taken into ripe and serious consideration. You have to consult with the President of my Reich*. rath, and to give mo as soon as possible your mutual opinions and propositions relative to the manner and extent of the question, as also as to the proceedings and forms to be observed during the examination. During the examination of this question, and in all future discussions concerning it, you have to consider as principle and object, and as the irrefragable foundation of all your operations, the maintenance of all the conditions of monarchical government, and the unity of the States of my empire. FRANZ JOSEPH (M.P,) Schonbrunn, August 20, 18.51. The Duke of Coburg-Cohary died at Vienna, Angust 23. ITALY. —..onseration of his fate. The inscription is as follows: " Quicti et cineribus Pellegrini Roui coin. domo Callum Qui ab internis negotiis Pii IX. Pont. Mat. Impiorum con- OM meditate code occubuit XVII Cal. Dec. Ann. 1848. 'Etat. ann., 61, M. 4, D. 12." Amongst Italians, who delight in hyperbole, it is impossible to praise with fewer superlatives. If tho legal proceedings in Couut Rossi's case do not 11et on very fast, others arc not more rapid in coming to a conclusion. The police is very zealous, hut at the same time very ill-informed, so that it seizes upon a vast number of persons against whom no kind of evidence eon be brought, and who, after fifteen or twenty months imprisonment, are obliged to be let out again. This was the case a few days ego with a man named Latini, who had been in con finement eighteen months on suspicion of being con cerned in the murder of Monsignor Patina; as there were no proofs whatever, he has been let out, hut re mains bound by the precrlto, the nature of which I have already explained in a preceding letter, and has been warned not to complain of or even to men tion the length of his unjust imprisonment. Apropos of unjust imprisonments, a very droll oc currence took place here the other evening. About ten days ago, Monsignor Mussolini, the elinryl d'affaires for Parma, on returning home about mid night, was attacked by a party of young men, who bastinadoed him as severely as any .iustrian lover of order could have done. The prelate limped home, the police was apprised of his mishap, but the authors were not discovered. This monsignore, who is a great partisan of the Sanfedisti, and a great friend of the whole round of spies and Jesuits, in order to aid the researches of the sbirri, informed them that a few days before his cudgeding, whilst he was driving before baron's cafe, in the Corso, his coachman had nearly driven over some youngmen who were sitting before the door taking ices, and that he had been well hissed iu consequence. M. Itufini, the director of police, wisely jumped to the conclusion that these were the young men who had beaten the prelate, and that, by sending a body of sbirri to tho eqP, although sonic days afterwards, the same individuals would be found sitting in exactly the same place. This was done—the cafe was surrounded by gendarmes, and the persons sitting in the fatal corner whence the hisses had proceeded, were dragged off to prison, where, on examination, they turned out to be Signor Pandolti, one of the Popes noble guard; Signor Belotti, a captain in the papal service ; the banker Itempieci, devoted to the clerical party, with Signors Orengo, Luigioni, and Bucci, all noted upholders of the present system. As soon as the police authori ties read the names of the prisoners they hastened to order their release, but the persons arrested only owed their delivery to their retrograde opinions, and had they unfortunately entertained liberal sentiments, they would certainly have passed some months in prison, and then have been placed under thepreeetto, or police surveillance. An instance of this distinc tion between liberals and retrogrades was in fact afforded the very same evening, in an:osteria near San Nirobt in Armee, where several young men were arrested, amongst whom were the brothers Sozzi, Signor Taddei, and another Signor Orengo, whose three brothers were also nabbed during the night. All these arrests were effected on the sole pretext of the young men having been guilty of smoking pipes. You must know that the employes of the tobacco monopoly watch with Argus eyes all the phases of the anti-smoking demonstration and have lately suspected that pipe smoking is be coining the vogue. They know very well that a long established habit cannot be broken off all at once, and that those persons who do not smoke in the streets very likely smoke nt home, but if instead of smoking cigars, people smoke pipes, the adminis trators of the monopoly only gain about a quarter of the profit. Renee comes a war against pipes, and a hundred persecutions against the poor smokers. It is said that the triumvir, Calandrelli, will leave Rome in a few days, thanks to the intercession of the King of Prussia. lie had been condemned to death for the crime of having courageously defended his country against foreign invasion. It is also said that Signor Sabatini, one of the young men who was recently condemned to the galleys for twenty years, for having had Bengal lights in his house, has been pardoned, but that he has generously refused to accept pardon unless it be ex tended also to his companions in misfortune, who are as innocent as himself. Since we are upon the subject of rumours, I may as well mention that seve ral persons are mentioned as likely to be created pre lates in the ministry, amongst whom one now holds the portfolio of Public Works, and another that of pro-Minister dtthe Finances. No more lay ministers are to enter into tho l'apal cabinet, excepting in the war department. In this manner Signor Galli will c c i a im t rid nioi : : ; f t cb. t ru h ti e s degrading doubtful, whether lac will e w e t te i l c ire h b soli Romans agur great offendstaffirm fi an. that the Papal treasury declines in the exact ratio that his own increases. Irbe Court. THE QUEEN'S VISIT TO THE NORTIL ARRIVAL AT EDINBURGH. EDINBURGH, THUILIDAY EveNING, Her Majesty reached Edinburgh this afternoon at 20 minutes to 4 o'clock. The occasion was not of the same exciting character as on former royal visit , , for the reason which we have alicaily specified—via., a desire to carry out as far as possible the wishes of her Majesty to be received without the pageantry customary hitherto on visiting Edinburgh—and, accordingly, along the line of route to be traversed by the royal cortege there was an entire absence of those wooden structures, freighted wi.h rows upon rows of human beings, which stretched along the road last year. It was, however, impossible that the Queen and her consort could be received with no more iclat than private personages, and, as might be expected, the road through the Queen's-park was lined with thousands of the inhabitants for some time before the hour fixed upon for the arrival of the royal train; while great numbers took up their places upon the rising ground that here and there skirted the route. The military and the police, to whom was assigned the duty of lining the road front Meadowbank to Holyrood, took up their position at about two o'clock ; and the high constables, a body composed of the leading merchants of Edinburgh, and upon whom the honour of escorting her Majesty had been conferred upon this occasion, were , drawn up at the road fronting the statics, wlivre her Ma jesty was to enter her carriage, at about half-past two. The guard of honour at the railway station consisted of ono captain, two subalterns, and a 0 men of the 33rd regiment, with the band of the Gth Inniskillen Dragoons, unit the Queen's colour. Twenty-five men of the Gth Dragoons, under the charge of an officer, were aLo iu waiting to form an escort to the royal party. The approach of her Majesty towards Edinburgh was in timated by telegraph as the royal train passed each station, after leaving Berwick. At half-past three o'clock the special train with the directors of the North British Rail way Company, who had left Edinburgh in the morning at ten to meet her Majesty at the station at Berwick, reached Meadowbank with the tidings that the royal train was at hand. About twenty-five minutes to four the pilot engine reached the station ; and in a few minutes after wards the royal train made its appearance. • The engine in front of the royal train had a splendid gilt crown in front ; and displayed from an arch, in conspicuous characters, the inscription "God Save the Queen!" A longitudinal arch ran along the side of the engine, bearing the mottoes—" Long live the Royal Family," and " SUCCCS4 to the British Empire." The tender was covered with a handsome green velvet cloth, with gold tassels; and it also displayed a profusion of floral ornaments. The engine wa, driven by Mr. Thornton, the superintendent of that skpart, ment of the company's establishment. On the royal train reaching the platform her Majesty, Prince Albert, and the other members of the royal party, alighted. They were received on the platform by the Deka of Buceleuch (Lord Lieutenant of the county), Major-Gen. Riddell, Mr. Sheriff Gordon, and Mr. Eagle Henderson (the Deputy Chairman of the North British Railway). Her Majesty and Prince Albert cordially recognised the Duke of Buceleuch, and immediately took their seats in tha royal carriages with the Prince of Wales and the Princess Royal. Prince Alfred and the Princess Alice occupied the second carriage with the Countess of Desart, the lion. Miss Byng, and Miss liffilyard. Lord John Russell occupied the third carriage, with the Hon. Colonel Gordon and the lion. Colonel Phipps, C.B. Sir James Clark and the other members of the royal suite followed in the other carriages. The rort.;ye having thus been formed, the High Con stables and the Dragoons ranged on either side, the royal carriage and the cavalcade proceeded in the direction of Holyrood at a smart pace. On the appearance of the royal carriage her Majesty and the Priem were saluted by those in thu immediate neighbourhood with loud cheers, which, being rapidly taken up by the rest of the assemblage, were speedily re-echoed through the whole line of spectators. Altogether the scene was, as may well be imagined, of the most animated character. The numerous knolls and more prominent points on Arthur's Scat were clustered with spec tutors, cheering vociferously, while the assemblage beneath were all animated with the same loyal enthusiasm. The royal party was received at the palace by the Duke of Buccleuch, who had accompanied the royal carriage on horseback from the station. The royal carriage was ordered at half-past four, and at 20 minutes to live her Majesty, Prime Albert, the Prince of Wales, and the Princess Royal, with the Countess of De sart, drove round the Queen's drive, amid the cheering of several hundred persons, who were either on their way home, or had been waiting in expectation that her Majesty would visit some part of the royal drive. The party reached the palace at a quarter past five, having been absent only for half an hour. DEPARTURE FROM HOLTROOD FOR BALMORAL FRII.AY MORNING. Iler Majesty, with her accustomed punctuality, left Holy , rood Palace this morning ut two minutes past 8 o'clock pre cisely. Early as was the hour, many thousands of the eitizerui had taken up their position in the Queen's-park, through which the royal party were to pass on their way to the railway at Meadowbank. The line was guarded as on her Majesty's arrival the preceding afternoon, and the quadrangle in front of the palace was lined with a troop of dragoons, the band of the 33rd Regiment being stationed in the centre. Her Majesty, on descending to the piazzas within the palace, was received by the Duke of Buceleuch and Sheritf Gordon, and was attired in a thick Stuart tartan shawl. Prince Albert had on a frock coat, closely buttoned to the chin. The Prince of Wales, who along with the Prince,l Royal were beside their noble parents in the first carriage, was attired in a tweed kilt, while the Princess had a plaid of the same materials as her Majesty. The other royal children occupied the second carriage with the Maids of Honour; and in the third were Lord John Russell, Colonels Gordon and Phipps ; and in the fourth were Sir James Clark and another gentleman be longing to the household. The royal party, on reaching the Queen's-park, were re ceived with loud acclamations from the assembled multitude who lined the road the whole way, and the directors of the North British Railway were in waiting to receive her Majesty at Meadowbank. The train consisted of eleven carriages. No time was lost in making ready to start ; and in a few minutes the royal party were on their way fur Bal moral. In the station at the Wavcrley Bridge, near Prince's-street, a number of people had assembled to wit ness her Majesty's departure, and along the line of railway crowds might be seen waiting for the royal train to pass. Iler Majesty and Prince Albert gracefully acknowledged the huzzas with which ever and anon they were greeted as the train swept along. The royal train proceeds along the Edinburgh and Glrs gow Railway and the Scottish Central to Perth. where it does not stop : then to Stonchaven, where carriages are to be in waiting; and the rest of the journey is to be posted. ARRIVAL AT BALMORAL. Her Majesty, after leaving liolyrood yesterday morning, proceeded to Torbert, and thence proceeded by the Scottish Midland to Forfar. She was received by the cheers of thousands of persons at Forfar, and by salutes from the Castle. Along the route to Stonehavcn the royal party proceeded by the Aberdeen Railway, and arrived at forty-five minutes past twelve. The new route, which is 14.11 miles from Edinburgh, was selected to save the Queen the inconvenience of travelling over the infe rior roads from Cupar Angus to Balmoral. ller Majesty having partaken of luncheon at the station, which was fitted up for the purpose as well as the limited accommo dation would allow, proceeded on her way to Balmoral in an open carriage, accompanied by Prince Albert, the Prince of Wales, and the Princess Royal. The wind blew keenly across the mountains, but the Royal party encountered it without hesitation; the other Royal children followed in a close carriage alone. Lord John Russell, Sir James Clark, Colonel Gor don, and others had no better means of con veyance than an inconvenient char-a-Lane. The pre mier took the front place, and prepared for a drive of live hours in the teeth of the blast. Banchory Day., the Dee side, formed the terminus of the first stage—a long 15 miles. The cortigo wound olong by the Dee, which presents end less variety of scenery, through Kincardine, Charleston, and Aboyne to Balloter, where it crosses over to the south bank. . At half-past 6 o'clock the Queen and Royal party arrived at Balmoral. the plae, COIN that Bch( the Plan Pert cyst< coon Itt wee Who, tenil toge alitt it is thet exist 4 0,0( of p r not sure, Pies