The Express. — London, England, 1851-11-18 00:00:00

ght erprews. TO CORRESPON /MTS. • Swirl !Altos .1 Expo-NO ealtawas •Co emit *veer.% " 4sume,'"ls rebtimbed T1N.1.7 ea i Misr inittos use eir roc Alga worlds intsolod Ezpress..Laadon Ensile pow, rea .11 th• Mb" 10, Bouvarirsinet. )oy Two .'.M&r As HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Ems—Monlair. IS. I tw. Aftwasea. TWVOLZUI.—NOrIdig 10h. I 3 Akerson, Ilk. LONDON, WESDAY, NOVEMBER 18. IT is an undoubted and unpleasant fact, that the I '• more bigoted section of Roman catholics—that which is under the political as well as religious direction of • the priesthood—has taken, and is taking, a very ac- Sive part against KOSSUTH. The efforts of the sacer dotal party in Inland to get up a cry against him lave been prodigious. That their efforts have failed in England and in Ireland, we need no better proof than the large and enthusiastic crowds of Irish who joined their brother Englishmen at Manchester in 4 welcome of, and in acclamation for, the great Magyar. We shall see whether the priestly efforts will meet with more success in Amenca, whither Kossevit is 1 about to sail, and where he has been preceded by active enemies, who have circulated a myriad ca lumnies against him, and represented him as the first champion of that great liberal league, which. it seems, is menacing the popedom. It is not Kossevit's fault that the Church of Rome, or at least its Cardinalate government, is bound up with all that is absolutist and tyrannical in Italy, and that the arms of Italian liberals, to be politically free, are 'Names:airily directed against the spiritual as against the temporal supremacy - of the Roman pontiff. Such her has this given, and so much has the political con duet of the Roman government disgusted Italians, . that even the devout amongst them are inclined to seek religion at some other source than the corrupt and fetid well of the Vatican. And there is every prospect that the first uprising in that country will be the epoch of a religious Reformation as well as of a political revolution. In such a move, the people of Italy will find a ouScient number of their clergy to go with them. For, mince the high priesthood of Roman catholicism has _univervally identified itself with Austria, every in terest and every sentiment that is Italian revolts and easapires against it. No wonder, then, that Kossciit looks to Italy as the right wing of the anti-Austrian army, and to MAZZINI as one of the leaders of that rest army. And no wonder that Kosserit himself denounced by the Austrian and Itoman prelatic party, who have planted their batteries against the cause of political and religious freedom over the world, on the soil and under the protecting laws of this protestant country. Much as one dislikes the Pope's spiritual sway, one regrets that the celestial wisdom which he lays claim to in such matters should nut inspire his Holiness with some degree of humanity and wisdom in his temporal government. Unfortunately and unde niably his rule is the most tyrannical, and the mast foolish, the most oppressive, the most prodigal, the most degrading to human freedom and the human mind, that ever was invented; and that the govern ment of Naples is equally foolish, equally treacherous, equally inimical to all that is worthy and dignified in man, is, above all things, owing to its vicinity and aSnity to Rome. Central and South Italy groan under a yoke. That the temporal sovereignty, therefore, of the Roman priesthood and pontiff should be overthrown, mast be the ardent desire of every man, and, above all, of the liberal catholic himself, who desires to see his religion cleansed of the stain of being a temporal incubus and infliction on the fainet portion of F.urope. Them are liberals who desire to sec this revolution effected, as landscapes are depicted in rose colour, and in order to ensure this they would have no one lay hand to it who did not first declare himself a loyal and constitutional monarchist, and who should not forswear all such terms as republic, as democracy, as the solidarity —that is, the mutual qmpathy and alliance of every European people. Unfortunately for thaw who stickle for this amiable scheme of kid-gloved rebellion, it was given tall trial in 1144i4. when the people and popular effort in the north and centre of Italy were sup pressed, and when the great task of defending or of winniog the national independence was committed to the Piedmoateive King anti to the Lombard aris tocracy. They tried their hand, and we may safely assert they will never be permitted by either side to make trial again. The next Italian movement must be a decidedly and radically popular one ; and, however its character in this respect may be, or not be, to be re gretted, such at all events it must be. An insurrection, however, made by the popular maws, and in the name of a republic, does not always terminate in a republic. And whether this is to he so or not, there is now no fit rallying word to lead and animate an army against the mercenaries of Naples and of the Porn, save a word denying and annihilating the monarchic rights of BOURBON and of Pontiff. 'There is nu middle political class left in Italy ; no botoryeui,ie, like that of Paris or Berlin. There is no longer a juste-milieu constitutionalist left. All that Exhinsesso and Cardinal Aterosettt have not incarcerated of that moderate spirit and class have di.appeared from the land, and what remains can march under no moderate or political banner. Besides, the events and dissensions of Europe have thrown strange doubts on the meaning of words. France is the great forger of political vocabularies. And in France the word moderate mum retrograde. Every shade of political party in Fiance, save the thorough democrat+, the Reds, u they are called, have shown themselves hostile to the struggles of both Italians and Hungarians for their fretdom. How is it possible that Italian and Hungarian patriots should not be influenced by such a spectacle? How can they, were they ever so monarchic and constitutional themselves, rot turn with a greater degree of sym pathy to the reds, who sympathise with liberty abroad, than to the re-actionvits, or than even to the CAVAIONACB and DUVAL - Mr-9, who have joined in crushing foreign liberty? All these things ought to be taken into account when we come to pass judgment upon KOSSUTH ; and when we see him accept, for the redemption of his country, these alliances which offer, let us sot be too hasty to blame him or condemn them, be- cause the force of circumstances and the conduct of parties and of governments drive them into paths which, whether rightly chosen or not, are the only cases remaining open. LESS than three weeks have elapsed since the statute, which allows the parties in a civil action to he put into the whams box, and examined upon oath as to the truth of their respective allegations, has come into operation. Already, however, several persons have been committed on charges of perjury, for the evidence they have given on such °acumen& It would be . precipitate to infer from this that theact in question is likely to lead to the admission of equi vocal testimony, or to the extension of perjury. Though two cases have occurred in startling prox imity to each other, they afford rather a narrow bads for so sweeping an induction. They eall, however, for close and jealous observation of the working of the new law. In so far es the statute only goes to widen the range of admissible witnesses, it is unobjectionable. It bus hitherto been too much the practice of our law courts to exclude evidence, instead of cr iti c i s i ng it. Judges have deemed it safer to prevent juries . bout hearing certain dame of witnesses, than to trust to their power to distinguish between reliable and unreliable testimony. The risk is undeniable; it is a delicate and difficult task to estimate the exact degree of credit that is due to every individual wit ness. But the cure is worse than the dimmer. If jurymen are likely to find it difficult to get at the truth when puzzled and perplexed by contradictory evidence, they are almost certain to miss it if any attainable evidence is withheld. In fact, to say that . a jury is unfit to estimate the exact value of evidence fend the exclusion of certain witnesses says as much) as to dream it incompetent to the discharge of the judicial odes. This may or may not be the cue; trial by jury may not be the best means of eliciting the facts of any cast; hat so long as juries are judges in matters of foot, no evidence ought to be withheld train them—they ought not to be celled upon to decide_ upon tlas testimony of • selection from the whole body of aceessible witaseses. In so far, therefore, _ • the production of repent that it is clear that the whose evidence ought The)• are, it is true, truth than any however, greatZr . in their statements however, is so obvious , notice of the meet ins=lt-beeded The testimony of such witnesses s ceived with an unusual amount of scepticism; they will be subjected to more searching eross-exep lineations; their statements will be more rigidly tested by comparison with other items of evidence. The gain by their admission far outweighs any ha zard that may exist of their misleading the jury. Still it may be admitted that if any means can be devised to balance or neutralise the natural disposi tion of a party interested to tell his story r the manner most conducive to his own advantage, day ought to be adopted. It is therefore all right dad roper that such witnesses should be made to beau in mind that they expose themselves to _penalties V convicted of any deviation from truth. The hemes of the new statute have, therefarsjaiged wisely he attaching certain penalties to fakir statements made W plaintiff or defendant when examined apes trial. Int have they judged wisely in seeking to atria their object indirectly, by making the false-witnesses liable to a prosecution for perjury, instead of attach ing the penalty simply , to the lies they tell? The value of a judicial oath, as the means of eliciting truth, has, by high authorities, been called in question. And it must be confessed that every law which goes . to inflict temporal punishments for false swearing strengthens this doubt. Oaths are administered to witnesses on the assumption that the dread of divine vengeance is the strongest possible motive to refrain from false hood. But to hold the threat of temporal punish ment over the head of the false swearer, is to declare that there is a motive stronger still. Then why multiply motives unnecessarily? If it is possible to frighten men into telling . truth, without exposing them to the temptation to insult the Deity by taking his name in vain, certainly it is desirable that they should not be exposed to such temptation. Besides, it may be doubted whether the religious sentiment of veneration for an oath is strengthened by the addition of temporal penalties. It is more likely to lead men to regard the temporal penalty as the surer and greater evil of the two. It is a practical anticlimax not unlike that of the worthy Scotch judge, lately deceased, who used emphatically to re mind any witness of whose veracity ho had more than usual doubt, that" the eye of ALMIOUTY GOD was upon him;—and the police of Edinburgh." Them is another consideration that must not be overlooked. There can be but one punishment for perjury. The criminality of perjury is equally great whether committed for a trifling or for a great gain. Perhaps the person who can forswear himself for a small emolument evinces a more thorough and deeper depravity than he who could only be tempted to do so by some enormous advantage. The former requires heavier penalties to deter him from offend ing than the latter. On the other hand, were tho punishment attached to the utterance of falsehood irrespective of the oath, a penalty would be sufficient to prevent mendacity in cases of small sums, which might be insufficient where great interests are at stake. By punishing the violation of truth simply as a temporal offence, the penalty might be propor tioned to the temptation, and greater security ob tained for the veracity of witnesses. By punishing for the spiritual offence,—perjury,—the opportunity of doing this is lost. We waive ut present the general question of judicial oaths as means of eliciting truth ; our object is simply to in% ite attention to their special application under the new statute. It is now ad mitted that the unnecessary multiplication of judicial oaths renders them, by familiarity, lees impressive, and has a tendency,by diminishing the mesa we rence with which they am regarded, to increase the number of perjuries. This consideration taken in connection with the remarks offered above, on the effect and influence of judicial oaths, suggests the question whether the aim of the new statute might not have been attained without adding to their number. Much has been gained unquestionably by obliging the plaintiff and defendant to appear in open court, to tell their respective stories orally, and expose themselves to eroavexamination. Does it not however, appear that all the advantage to be derived from this practice might be attained simply by obliging them to make their counter-statements orally before the jury, subject to cross-examination, before any other witnesses are examined, without the intervention of an oath? Might not any disposition on their part to mislead the court, or waste its time, or trifle with its authority, be effectively guarded against, by subjecting them to punishment in the event of their being con victed of having wilfully made false or coloured statements? A man will be cautious in his aver ments, if conscious that he incurs the risk of a fine, or of imprisonment, with or without aggravations, in the event of his telling a falsehood ; or even of for feiting his due claims, if he attempts to strengthen them by invented circumstances. frials would thus be simplified at the outset, and the labours of judge and jury be materially lightened. Vexatious and groundless claims would less frequently be urged, and litigation be diminished in amount. Liability to a prosecution for perjury is by no means so certain to be productive of these advan tages. Considerate and reflecting judges will hesi tate to brand men with so terrible an imputation as perjury. They will make large—often too large— allowance for the power of passion to blind men's perceptions. They will charitably assume that men have been confused and misled by anger rather than that they have deliberately and uneonsciou.sly told untruths. With such judges, the guilty will have a chance of escaping, and the knowledge that such a chance exists is a great inducement to crime. On the other hand, rash and hot-headed judges (and such have sate on the bench ere now, and may again) will at times be unwarrantably hasty in their commitments for perjury. Bargains are often concluded in haste and informally ; the strength and precision of me mory differs in different men ; misunderstandings of terms used are frequent. Insall such circumstances the statements of plaintiff and defendant may vary widely, though both believe that they are speaking truth. Yet, 111 such cases, a rash and irritable judge might for ever blast the reputation of an innocent man; for even the mere imputation of perjury is never effectually effaced. day, upon ... ----- Dupla imessaisi beim the debate commenced that ayesseepledleees seeeheed tread Be de la Mrartbe, vice-president of ties eepssislie, and president of the council of state, aditrating tothe Assembly the bill on the nelson sibility of the President of the Republic, the ministers, and other agents of power., General St. Armiud had already mounted the tribune, and was prepared to address the house, when M. Ferdinand de Lasteyrie, a member of the Club of the Pyramidee, and mediator between the government and the conservative opposition, signified that he was about to move an amend ment which would serve asa ground of compromise between the contending _parties. tiles this the Minister of War gave way to M. F. de Losteyrie. The latter dwelt upon the immense agitation which the question had mooed in public opinion. lie thought that the Assembly ought not to create a new right, hut only con firm that which already existed in virtue of the 32nd article of the constitution, and of the decrees of the 11th and 30th of May, 1848. He hoped the government did not mean to asolost this right. Meanwhile, instead of a new proposi- MK which produced great ferment throughout society, he lbw& that a motived order of the day would be a peter able *Ms of settling the question. He thereers .... =! one la the following terms : " The Assembly, the 32nd article of the constitution, and that theiirm7eaf the llth of May is still in vigour orders that this shall be posted op afresh in the b arracks, and pas.ffiii order of the day." General Sr. ARNAUD, Minister at War, said that, is Me opinion the order of the day just proposed was but a ropes. &talon of the questors' proposition. (Cries of " Yes. ne.'7 l In a question so serious the government had a right es be baud, and he claimed their attention. (Speak, speak.) The attesters' proposition raised a question of such gravity dot - before any debate it was the imperative duty of the ministry to explain, in a precise manner, the of the government. He would not ask the an =l: f the proposition why they had chosen a moment when tranquillity universally prevailed, and when the message had just mule an appeal to conciliation, to re vive a decree voted b 7 the constituent after the 15th of May, and before the insurrection of June. Without OS &mining that question he would at once come to the point. The constituent was an absolute sovereign power, and it was readily to be understood that so long as that power en dured that decree had the force of law. But when the Con stituent Assembly ceased to exist that decree, which formed • part of its regulations, was virtually abrogated, and the proof of it was that the Legislative Assembly had not reproduced this decree in its new regulations. It was then in the constitutition alone that the rights of all parties were to be looked for. What said Art. 32: " The Assembly fixes the importance of the troops necessary for its defence, and disposes of them." Was the object of the proposal before them to fix the importance of this military force ? No. What was asked was that the president of the Assembly should have an absolute right of calling directly upon the whole army. By the terms of the proposition, there would not be a single officer in the army who would not be compellable to obey the direct requisition of the president of the Assembly : That was a posi tive encroachment upon the rights of the executive . . power. Art. 32 gaie the Asiembly the right to dispose of the military force destined to assure its safety. That right no one contested. But the right must be con fined within the limits traced by the constitution. (Ap probation.) The proposal derogated from the fundamental principle of the separation of powers. If it were adopted, if the absolute right of requisition of the military force were granted to the president of the Assembly, the whole execu tive power would pass into his hands. Suit a rights would also be the destruction of all military discipline. The first condition of all discipline was unity of innunand. The prided appointed a new commander-in side& in the poem of the president of the Assembly. New supra, the ere of an insurrection. What contradictory me= wait these be ! And in the midst of all that what would beam, of the army ? Notwithstanding the modera tion of its language the proposition betrayed an unjust dis- I test of the executive ; it had caused anxiety in the country, and astonishment in the army. (Some interrup tion.) In the name of the safety of the country, he en treated that it might not be taken into consideration. (Applause. General Lan.* defended the proposition. He meta tained that its object had been misrepresented. It weather consecration of a pre-existing and legitimate right. Its ab ject was to regulate the exercise for a given case, which it was to be hoped would not occur, of the privilege of the Assembly consigned in the 32nd Article of the Constitu tion. We desire no parliamentary army ; we do not wish to add a single soldier to the ordinary 'guard of the As sembly. What we do desire is, that in a moment of urgency and danger the Assembly, which is sove• reign, may have the power of commanding the battalion necessary for its safety and independence, without the intervention of the Minister of War. Could they refuse to that assembly the power which belonged to the lowest com missioner of police, to the mayor of the smallest village? A false interpretation had therefore been put upon their idea to serve a pretext. What was the situation of the army? Uncertainty and hesitation. (Long and violent interrup tion.) He would finish the sentence. The army was heel toting between the 32nd set of the constitution:and the prin ciple of passive obedience, and it wished :Idite duty should be clearly defined. Ile stated this upon the authority of general officers of all shades of polities who had sought in terviews with him to say so. Ile respected die cipline as much as any man, for without it there could be no army. But in what respect could discipline be violated by placing the authority of that grand assembly side by side with that of the President of the Republic, and above that of the Minister at War ? It was not to be presumed that the president of the tolerably would seek a collision, and require troops that were em d spas other duties. As long as harmony prevailed between the two powers, there was nothing to tear from the measure; and if a disagreement between them should incur, the measure was a necessary precaution. The re jection of the bill would deliver up the Assembly, unpro tected, to the hazards of to-morrow. They, the authors of the measure, had the consolation of knowing that they had acquitted themselves of a terrible responsibility. Great agitation was visible in the Assembly after this speech. The sitting was suspended for a consi derable time. Several influential members were seen in earnest conversation with the ministers, whom they pressed to make some concession. But the members of the cabinet seemed all resolved to stick firmly to the demand made by the Minister of War kr the pure and simple rejeetion of the bill. When the sitting was resumed, after about twenty ainutes of great excitement, MM. Lavergne and Gemieux succeeded one another at the tribune with eat being able to procure a hearing. M. F. de Las tale having withdrawn his order of the day, M. Dupin read another, drawn up by MM. de Broglie, Daru, and Montalembert, conceived in these terms : • Considering that the constitution bestows upon the Assembly the rights and powers necessary for its security, the Assembly declines to take the proposi tion into consideration, and passes to the order of the day." This motion, and the eminent names attached, produced great sensation in the Assembly. M. Clum sy:made then a long speech, in which he vied to explain the embarrassment of the Left, and said dot they rejected the proposition, not account of the spirit which bad dictated it, but be cause they believed that the 32nd Article of the Constitutisn sufficed for all pur poses. In virtue of this article the Assembly would, in a given case, decree that it wanted such and such troops, and if they were withheld by the executive from obeying the requisition, the President and his ministries would violate the Constitution, and thereby the former would be instantly depos ed from his fenetions and the executive would parwith full rigida to the Assembly. In such a case the patriotism of the people would rank them on the side of the Assembly. M. VISIT, the reporter, observed that M. Cryogen:, in the time of the Constituent Assembly, had not the same confidence in the people, and that be wanted soldiers to guard the Assembly. lie analysed the 32nd ankle of the Constitution, and showed that the words "disposes ofthem," applied to the Assembly's right over the troops were intro duced into this article to consecrate the right, which it was the object of the proposition to regulate, and which the go vernment denies. It was on account of this denial of the overnment that the committee concluded in favour of the bill. H. CHAR/48 declared that, but for the written declara tion of the ministers, who claimed the Awasabiy's right, ke would have voted against the proposition • bet that new he should vote in favour of the bill-010mill' an the Left. with the majority, who upon the present eserion destadei by thane* a principle. M. Micazi De Boraces said It was not acr ration of principles, but a party question. He saw no ,anger. if there wee swy a lc the Assembly had the best of sentinels in the pasha (Care n on the Left—agitation.) H. Verge It is asked where lies the danger? M. Michael de Dames has just pointed out. It is his alliance with these who protect his party. (Cheers from the Right.) 1 (The sesigt of the debate, received by submarine desists is given above.) In tile debate of to-day M. Ferdinand de Lastey ria spatted himself with a sufficiently ill-grace of his task of mediator, by proposing an order of the day which was equivalent to the Questora' Bill. Ge neral Lotto, one of the questors, excited general laughter by maintaining that the bill was presented in the interest of military discipline, as if discipline Gadd not be promoted in the army by a divided al legiance. While the bill was manifestly aimed at the executive power, this military queator reminded the house of all the invasions they had had to con tend with from the mob, of the 24th February, of the 15th of May, and of' the days of June. The President did not attend to-day at the open ing of the Cite Napoleon, where he was expected by a considerable crowd. on tho electoral law again met to * their resolutions, which I for- The president or the coot mi a-reads lettee .from MM. Farconnet, E. Arago, Michel (de Bourgeal Morellet, and Friction, stating that, in convertinuun administrative meiwurc into a political one, therconceived the committee had ex ceeded its power, and they should therefore abstain from attending its future sittings. General Marchand, one of the most distinguished generals of the empire, died on the 12th inst., at his chateau of St. Lauer, near Grenoble, in the 86th year of his age. At the Bourse the Five pei Cents. rose 10c., and closed at 91.80. The Three per Cents. rose Sc., and closed at 56.30. _ ---- - GERMANY. " VIENNA, Noy. 13. Between Tuesday a ft ernoon and this morning nearly 200 persons have been forced to quit Vienna, and the Austrian dominions, in consequence of being suspected to have speculated on 'Change with the view to increase the price of silver. No excuse has been listened to in any one case. The individuals on the expulsion list of the redoubtable Minister of Police have had to cross the frontier without delay, many of them torn from their families and homes without the means of subsistence elsewhere. In several cases the arrests were made in cafes and other public places. The gendarmes comfort ing. their prisoners, in reply to their assertions of innocence, with the remark that if the police had anything particular against them they would have been tried by court•martial. Among the pant her of the expelled are several influential merchants. In the course of yesterday the Chevalier Weiss had a banker, named Kiinigswarter, brought before him, and warned him that he would be severely punished if he continued his " ntr iebe," or doings on the Exchange. Herr Kfinigswarter is a director of the bank, a wealthy man, highly honoured for the skill and integrity with which he conducts nn extensive banking and booking business, and one of the last men to meddle with any affairs of an improper cha racter. His character is no safety ;he is liable to be expelled, or tried by court-martial, at the pleasure of Chevalier Weiss. The police terrorizations have put a stop to bone fide transactions. Baron Krauss and his agents have the exchange to themselves. I know that an eminent house, by telegraph, refused to effect the purchase of a considerable amount of fo reign exchanges on commission for a distant party, and even offered to pay their customers the dif ference between the price at Vienna and at the spot from whence the order was issued. Not a mer chant or banker can venture under such circum stances to trarnmet business on 'Change. Notwith standing, however, the influential capitalists and bankers of the city submit without a murmur. The dread of trial by court martial, and of a violent death, or imprisonment for life, is too great. They submit to be trodden underfoot, with the same readiness that the Turk accepts the bastinado. If a dozen of the largest houses would only close their counting houses altogether, an impression would be made that would produce some relief. The police are taking similar forcible measures , against what their wisdom considers improper specu lation in grain. Though the government itself is at this moment in the market making very large pur chases to provide against the expected scarcity, private individuals are not allowed to make pur chases to any amount. Instances have already oc curred of expulsion from Vicuna for doing so. AMERICA. ONE WEEK LATER. (By Electric Telegrapti.) LIVERPOOL, TURSDA.T MORNING. The Royal Mail steam-ship Niagara, which sailo I from New York at noon ou the .sth instant, has just arrived in our river. She brings 195,847/. specie on freight, thirty-three passengers, the week's mails from the United States, Canada, Newfoundland, &c., together with a toler ably large cargo. The steam-ship Franklin had arrived at New York on the 2nd. The Baltic was passed on the 7th inst., lat. 41.50, loniT. 63.9. 'lhe steam-ship Cherooke arrived at New York on the Ist from California, with dates to October 1, brought 2,000,000 [200,000 ?) dollars in gold dust. The mining prospects were good. Several of the quartz mining companies had met with extraordi nary success, and a tenth share in one company had sold for 6,000 dots. The commercial accounts from Ca lifornia are satisfactory, business in most articles being brisk. Coal was in good demand; Liverpool and Cardiff was selling at 20 dols. per ton. Exchange on London—eight, 47d. to 484.; 60 days', 49d. ; on Paris, GO days', sfr. The improvement noticed in the money market at last accounts had scarcely been maintained. Gold dust was selling at 17 dots. per ounce. Accounts from northern Mexico to the 23rd ult. state that the revolutionary party had gained pos session of the entire western portion of 'Armaments ; many . of the United States troops had deserted, and joined the revolutionary party. The Mexi cans had sustained severe losses in the different engagements. General Arabes had been wounded. From the city of Mexico dates to the 16th ult. an nounce that the British minister had had an official interview with President Arista, and had demanded a final answer to Lord Palmerston's despatches for merly relative to the debt of Mexico. It is also re ported that unless the answer is satisfactory all the Mexican ports will be blockaded. The steamer Falcon, from Chagres, arrived at New Orleans on the 31st alt., with 230,000 dole. in gold dust. Chagres accounts state that a dreadful riot had taken place between the native and foreign boatmen, and that upwards of 20 persons had been killed. The Empire City brought to New York advice' from Havannah to the 30th ult. Consul Owen had not received his recall. It was reported that Mr. Threasher, of the Faro Industrial, had been tried and sentenced to the mines. Sugar was scarce. White was quoted at 64c. to Pc. ; choice yellow, 'Tie. ; and brown, sc. Molasses dull, at 2 to 2} reels. Exchange was fluctuating. A riot took place;at San Juan, on board the steam ship Prometheus, in consequence of the captain's refusing to leave until the passengers by the Inde pendence had arrived. The passengers mutinied, put the captain in irons, and compelled the mate to get op steam and Hayti dates of the el e Zh nit. states that the Em peror passed through Gonaives on the 10th, on his way to Port-au-Prince, to meet the French and Eng lish Consuls, who had interfered on behalf of the Dominicans. Coffee was selling at 76 dole, to 78 eds. Haytian currency. Buttner at New York and the leading cities was better than for some weeks past. The money market was easier, and stocks were looking upward. Prices had receded slightly in the breadstuff market, which was very quiet. Western Canal flour, 3 dole. 75c. per bri. ; Genneasee:prirne wheat„94e. to 96e. per 601 b. ; In dian corn, round yellow, 60c. to 62c. per bushel, steady ; Indian meal, 3 dols. 37ie. to 3 dole. 50e. per brl. Mobile, middling fair to fair, 94e. to 91e. per lb., or a fall o The Cotton market had been inactive. and prices had slightly receded for most descriptions. New Orleans and Mobile, middling fair to fair, 91c. to 91c per lb., or a fall of Ic. ; Uplands, middling fair to fair, 81c. to 9e. per lb., or a similar decline. The crop is estimated at from 2,500,000 to 3,000,000 bales. _ Provisions dull. Old mess pork, 141 to 15; aew, 151. Beef heavy, at declining prices. Exchange on London, 1101 to 1104; Paris, 5.16; Ham burg, 361 to 361; Bremen, 791 to 791. NEW ORLEANS, Nov. 4. 1,500 bales of cotton sold to-day, and 4,000 bales yesterday, at steady prices. CHARLESTON, Noy. 4. Cotton drooping% 540 bales sold at 7e. to Bic. per lb. ARRIVAL OF THE HERMANN. SOUTHAMPTON, TrVADAT, MID DAY. The Hermann has just arrived off Cowes, on her way to Bremen. She left New York on the Ist inst., four days before the Niagara. She brings 25 pas sengers and 15,0001. in specie for England and France. THE JEDGE OP THE LIVERPOOL COUNTY COURT.— Mr. Ramshay resumed his sittings in the County Court yes terday (Monday) moining. and proceeded with the cases lin the order in which they stood upon the list. Nothing ' occurred of public interest. 4A, ' AND CHINA. THE OVERLAND MAIL. rw RIOT AT BOMBAY. By our usual despatch in advance of the Over land Mail we have news to the following dates : Bombay, Oct. 17 ; Calcutta, Oct. 7; Hongkong, Sept. 29; and Singapore, Oct. 9. Our correspondent's letter is below. On account of its importance we preface it by the following, which was appended as a postscript : HALV-PAST 4 have just heard of a serious riot having occurred here. Two Parsecs had been converted to Mahomedanism, when the Parsee papers set to with all their might to ridicule Mahomcd and his Faith. This infuriated his followers; and to-day a serious riot took place near the large Mosque in the Native Town, whereby , it is feared several byes have been sacrificed : some Parsecs and an European con stable have been mortally wounded, and the Maho medans to the number of some thousands are arming themselves, vowing destruction to every Parsee they tall in with; they have allot themselves up . in the Mosque, and intend making an onslaught during the night. The troops have, I hear, been ordered under arms; and it is expected that serious work will be done before morning. No further particulars now ob tainable—great ferment exists throughout the island. BOMBAY, Or r. 17. - . Well, it turns out after all, according to the Lahore Chronicle, that the story of further annexation on the Punjaub frontier is not exactly true : we have only taken under our protection a tribe who sought our alliance or courted subjection to our rule in preference to that of Dust Mahomed, to whom they never paid tribute or acknowledged allegiance. The Lahore Journal further tells us that it has I been recommended by the Governor-General that the supreme government should be permanently lo cated in the north-west, that a large portion of these provinces should be united with the Punjaub into a separate presidency, under a lieutenant-governor without a council, Bengal being presided over as at present by a deputy governor, but without a council, the supreme council being with the head of the go vernment at Simla. Lord Dalhousie seems to know one thing perfectly well at any rate—that the cli mate of the Himalayans is far preferable to that of the City of Palaces. However, there cannot be a question as to the advisability and reasonableness of the proposed changes, but till the expiry of the pre sent charter at any rate nothing need be looked for in the way of change, I fancy. I am indebted to the Chronicle for the subjoined account of the surrender of the fort of Chelas, against which the troops of Cashmere had been for some time employed: The fort of Chclas, the siege of which, by the troops of Maharaja Goolab Sing, has attracted some attention, was taken on the Nth of September. On the 2nd instant, a mine, which had been run under the fort, was made to communicate with the only binit that supplied water to the garrison, and to draw off what was left of their scanty supply. On the following day the Chelaseeas begged for an armistice, conditions of surrender being at the same time asked for and finally settled by Dewan Dame Chund, conditionally to their being confirmed by the Maharaja ILioolab Sing. On the Bth, the head men waited on the Dewan, and after receiving kheluts, de manded the removal of tho entrenchments and batteries in the immediate vicinity of the town gate, on which they were to receive a guard of the Cash mere troops within the walls. On the removal of the batteries they seized the opportunity of attempting to escape with their families. A pursuit ensued, during which the fugitives kept up a brisk fire while endeavouring to gain the right bank of the Indus; many of them were, however, overtaken and cut down or made prisoners, while others succeeded in escaping, making their way into Yag histan. While this was going on, a portion of the Cash mere troops succeeded in gaining admittance into the town, and obtaining final possession, after a skirmish with the men left in the place. The walk have been levelled, and orders issued for annexing the province to Ilusora, (occa sionally named.' Astor "in the maps), the district of Goolab Sing's dominions that was subject last year to the brutal attacks of the Cheluseeas, and many of the inhabitants of which arc still in slavery. The Maharajah Goolab Sing continued unwell— the disease from which he suffered being diabetes. An unfortunate affair had just occurred in Cashmere, in which one of our artillery officers was implicated. It would appear that lie was talking to a young Cushmerian female in the market, when a sepoy of the .Maharajah's went up mid used some sort of, abusive language to him, which irritated the gentle man so, that he struck him a blow which killed him on the spot. The officer is to be tried by general court martial for the crime so soon as he reaches Wuzeerabad. Ho is said to be pretty high up in the service, and a good linguist—this qualification here proved a misfortune to him, for had ho been unable to converse with the frail fair one he would not now be in the painful position in which he stands. Rumours are again afloat of an expedition into the Easel/Ate districts around Peshawar in the coining cold season—but it is to be hoped the authorities will think better on the matter before that time arrives. The station of Peshawar was becoming much healthier, and it was believed the worst part of the year had gone by. Robberies were very frequent in cantonments, all laid to the account of the Hill Tribes," although the sen tries and patrols could never come across any of them. The Bengal army camp-followers are themselves the greatest rogues in existence ! The latest health-table of the Lahore force published shows an improves ment. Everywhere peace and tranquillity reigned supreme. At Mooltan a good deal of sickness still lingered, but nothing serious. There has scarcely been a line of news from Scinde during the fortnight. It is reported that recruiting for the Nizani's con tingent has been ordered by the Governor-General to be discontinued, and it is therefore believed a very great reduction in the force is about to be effected. Matters remain much as usual at the capital. The dth Cavalry at Aurungabad has, by all accounts, been fairly goaded on to the verge of mutiny by the brutal conduct of Captain Yates, their commandant— s local officer, and an East Indian. The new Commander-in-Chief of Madras reached that presidency, by the ship Barham, on the 2Mth ult. and landed next day. He is represented as old and infirm, and in bad health: poor old gentleman! When will the Horse Guards cease sending out to India superannuated old men, more fitted for Chelsea Hospital than for a country like this, from whom it is absurd to expect independent decisions or sage counsel. It is expected that the maintenance of " re gimental messes" will now be made compulsory; of the 74 infantry regiments in the Bengal army, 73 keep up messes, the 64th being the only corps in which a mess is not maintained by the officers. ' The Oriental Bank, Bombay, has declared a divi dend for the past year of seven per cent., after clear ing off all its recent losses by frauds and robbery, and its shares are now quoted at 5 per cent. premium. The " Ogilvie" testimonial fund has now risen to 156/. Our railway is getting on rapidly : a discus sion regarding road crossings is going on : govern ment want the Parell and Mazagon roads to be bridged over where the railway crosses, but the rail way engineers object to the great unnecessary ex pense, level crossings, protected by gates, being con sidered by them much better ; and in this view they have the general voice of the public. Captain Nourse, of the ship Baron of Renfrew, his brother, and two apprentice lads, were drowned in the har bour last Saturday by the upsetting of their boat. The captain's body has not been found yet. Cap tain French, town major, goes home on the 3rd of November: he is to be succeeded by Lieut.-Colonel Lyons, 28th Native Infantry. Colonel Melville, military secretary to government, goes home shortly. The new steam frigate Zenobia takes to-day's mail to Aden. Oar monsoon is over : upwards of 110 inches of ram have been registered as the fall of the season. A large amount of business has been done during the fortnight in imports, but at low prices, owing to the immense supplies received or known to be on the way out—holders being anxious to part with stock before the market becomes glutted. The money market at Bombay is easy; not so, however, at Madras and Calcutta. P.S.—The papers received to day afford the fol lowing items : Captain Best, Madras Engineers, su. perintendent of roads, diedat Chittoor on the 6th in stant ; and Lieutenant T. Eagar, 52d M.N.I. at Cuddapeh, on the 4th of November. Sir William Gomm leaves Simla on the 7th Novem b er; he pro ceeds via Hosheyarpore to Scalkote and Wuzeerabad to Peshawur, and returns ria Lahore, Umritsir, and Jullundhur. The Governor-General holds a durbar at Pinjore on the 21th instant; he leaves Simla early m November v a Landoor and Mussorie, and will not be at Calcutta before the end of January. General Hamilton, recently appointed to command at Lahore, is going home instead of taking up his new berth. Captain James and Lieutenant Pollock, deputy commissioners, had gone to Kohut, where some disturbances were look e d for immediately. Captains Cope and !tale, with the Kohut entire force, had marched 14 Hungoo, at the base of the mountains fifty miles off, to take possession of the Valley of the Dour recently "taken under our protection according to re quest." From Calcutta we learn that Sir S. Whish was about to take his place at the military board ; his health was far from goad. Sir It. Barlow had left on the 3rd for Agra on the Jake Persaud inquiry business. Lord Dalhousie is said to be greatly annoyed that Mr. Hume was nut, accord ing to his wish, appointed chief magistrate of Cal cutta, and not a civil servant; if so, all he has to do is to cancel the appointment ! Ensign D. Reid, 2nd Bengal NJ., has been suspended for six months 14 disrespectful conduct to his commanding officer, and breaking his sword in two when arrested. We learn from a Bombay correspondent that the strongest reason existed for suspecting that Colonel James Outram, Resident at the court of his Highness the Guicowar of Baroda, had been on more than one or half a dozen druggetl by those whose •1 for ' villainy and rascality he had the past two years I been busily engaged in exposing to government. The gallant colonel on one occasion, after having partaken of his evening meal, fell into such a state of stupor, and remained in a comatose state for such a length of time, that serious apprehensions were en tertained by those about him that it would end in death. On several other occasions after drinking a cup of tea at breakfast, he had been forced to lie down and sleep for hours together! It is rumoured that he has represented these matters in a memorial to government, but that a degree of apathy has been shown by them in the business utterly mourn; rehen sible. '1 he Telegraph and Courier, a Bombay news paper, of the 16th October, alludes to the Prime Minister at Baroda having employed a magician to rid him of the presence of the resident—evidently referring to the above circumstances. From Madras we have news, in addition to that contained in our Bombay correspondent's letter. A native general court martial has been ordered to assemble at Cannanore, for the trial of the sepoys who showed their heels to the Moplolls at Kolatoor. The Ist instant was the day fixed for the opening of the court, but it has since been postponed for reasons not made public. Our next item is also of revolt, but revolt hap pily unattended with any disastrous issue. Of this revolt the government seminary, generally known as the Madras university, has been the scene ; the stu dents the rebels, and the caulks belli the admission of a few scholars belonging to the downtrodden and tabooed race of Pariahs. The obnoxious youths were received into the school at the express desire of the go- vernment. They were candidates for reception into the subordinate ranks of the medical service, but not being sufficiently acquainted with English to profit by the lectures of the professors of the medical school, were ordered :to undergo a preparatory training at the university. Their reception roused all the bigotry and intolerance of the orthodox Hindus, who remonstrated and threatened on the danger of pollution from the presence of the unfortu nate Pariahs ; but in vain. A few with drew ; others by their refractory behaviour brought upon themselves expulsion ; but the firmness with which all their demands for the exclusion of the un offending outcastes were resisted, finally won the victory. And thus has another, and by no means the weakest, of the absurd prejudices which half compose the Hindu character, received its death wound. herefort, as the statute only permits FRANCE of witnesses hithesto exclu&d,owe ... is unexceptionahls.„„it ho •_ ? (By R T RIM Rove parties in any CM, Iwitn i, PART, Al *sr Minim ought to be listened ti l. " 8 0 .' • , e fun of uestook i been t .AOMM, rue, more likely"), the v. " y 408 300 ; city, I. 7. • y other pews. ••: Tl . l, may i ..k„, T temptationflo ' dev...from , • 'Th is if en letter,, mts than any other peridns. This,..da evening, and . patchhcedd before .the above ' Arrious that it can scarcely escape the vote had been taken: most psm4t-beteied of jurymen. The -ituaembil , entered in its sitting' of today of such witnesses will be re- I upon the discussion of the Questors' Bill. - LATEST FOREIGN' EXCHANGES. PARIS. Now. It. I 9W 214 " , • 1 0 9 9 • 91 1 11 Blew* ' IS 49 49 99 91 91 91 911 9 , q_ . 9,9 • I par Gila. ' 34 40 5 nor eosin 4 per VMS. it do. Nen Law 3 pw Ornta. Easeaage on Landow at IS ; daps, 23. BaSpaa, 3, 1910 1130 Mary. . I Kenny lon 3, 11.2 — Rowan Loan, IMI3I 731 ... Do. 4 1 U.. 24 . Pinlawat 0. Oral 9O 73 . Boot Aare. ... 91 7 SO - PajaPh NOT . 17.—Versailloo (right bank), —; ditto (left eat Pari s and Orltana. 072 321• Paws awl Romeo, S7l 25, Mane, 910: Itaratillen mad A44lson, VII 73; Enna. bnuillnall Bale, 131 93; Cflitie. 421 73 Itnalner• end Anima, let; 0133311133illatdissi. 370 73: Northers. 483 73: Pub sad NOW. Went. 3M; Mara and Islam, 23730; U..pp. and &amp 107 30; OS Clannais, 4W MADRID, Nov. 12. Three per Cents., 38 ; otter Bolas, 36. Four per Cents., 131. Five per Cents., ' 161 • after Bolen, 161, paper. Coupons, 8,!. • after Sine's,s, 81. Passives, 61 ; after Bolos, Bank of St. Ferdinand, 99, paper. Exchange on London, 50.30 c. (By Electric TC:egrarlt.) ANTWERP, Nov. 17.—Five per Cent. Mitalliques, 74. Five per Cent. Ardoias, 16). Three per Cent. Interieur, 331. Russian Four-and-a-Hall per Cents., —. Exchange on London, 23.2.2 i. BAMBERG, Nov. 17.—Three per Cents. Inte rior,33;. Russian Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 971. BERLIN, Nov. 17.—Voluntary Loan, 1021; Na tional Debt, 8/4. Four-and-a-Half per Cents., Russia, 102. Vtxxit,Nov. 17.—Five per Cents., Metalliques, 112); Exchange on London, 12.27 ; on Paris, 148). Agin on gold, 30; ditto on silver, 241. Blt 1:10111.8, Nov. 17.—Delgian Five per Cents., 98i ; ditto Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 80); ditto Two and-a-Half per Cents., 49j. F.:change on London, 2524. es ss I is as 111 4I i 11 SO Lnw I Mane. THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 18, 18M. GIIINA. The news from Hong Kong is to Sept. 29. The Friend of China says in its summary • The rebellion in the south of China has now been of such long duration, and the means of obtaining correct reports of its progress are so meagre, that we confess to being fairly tired at having to furnish month after month detnils of such a vague nature regarding it. Governor General Seu is now at Kou , chou-fu in the south west of the Kwang-tung pro ! vince, from whence he has ordered out more troops, and a body of several hundreds of Tung kwang dis trict men passed up the Canton river on the 20th Sept., bound to Lo-ting-chau, about a degree and a half north of Kou-chau, and immediately on the bor ders of Kwang-si. Kwei-lin-fu the capital, the taking of which has been several times reported, is now supposed to be indeed in the possession of the rebels. We have a letter front a Kwang-si man stating it as a fact that the place has fallen, and that Tien-tch is gathering forces together with the view of falling on Fuh-san, a short distance from Canton, where Colonel Chesney and others were assaulted some years back ; but the Canton merchants (the cry of wolf having been raised so many times with out any apparent result) are much less fearful now than they were a year ago. We are informed that sometime during the sixth month (in July last), an attempt was made to assassinate Yihchu (or, accord ing to the designation of his dynasty, Hirnfung), which was frustrated by one of his Majesty's atten dants, who lost his arm in warding off the blow. Eighteen high mandarins were implicated in the matter, and, together with the whole of their families, were immediately decapitated. Suspicion had also fallen on some of the Emperor's uncles, on se veral court eunuchs, and on Keying and M uhcl tan agah. The health of the troops in garrison is but indif ferent. Yesterday the number of sick amounted to 127, viz., of the 39th regiment 93—of the Ceylon Rifles 17, and of the ordnance 17 ; the prevailing disease among the Europeans being ague and bowel complaint. The former is doubtless induced by weakness after summer fever, the latter we fear from the bad quality of the bread reported as again being supplied by the commissariat contractor, all the good flour obtainable, by Chinese, having been exported from the colony to meet the sudden demand for bread stuffs in New South Wales. Altogether there have been seven deaths since our last report, namely four of the 59th regiment (beside that of Dr. Powell) one of the Ceylon Rifles, and two Gun Lascars. This is just half the number of deaths in the month of September last year. On board the Minden there are about 130 convalescents, those from fever being said to recover rapidly. On the whole there is an improvement in the general health as compared with that of last month, the average daily sick having been 103 only, against (in August) 123. A report has reached us by the way of Canton that the Spanish brig Bril lante, which left this port on the 10th of July last, instead of being lust in a gale, as supposed, was boarded by pirates, skuttled, and sunk off Limiting, a few hours after leaving here, the crew being all massacred. We aro told that some boxes of treasure (part of a batch of 30,000 doll. shipped on board on freight to Manila) have been taken posses sion of by the Mandarins, and that the matter is now under investigation. Suspicion has fallen on the pilot who brought the vessel into this harbour from Whainpoa, and who is supposed to have given the piratical crew a hint as to the valuable nature of the cargo." INDIAN ARCHIPELAGO. From Singapore we have no local news to corn municate. The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamer, Pekin, experienced a severe typhoon between Hong-Kong and Singapore, 011 the night of Oct. 1, which nearly proved fatal to her. '1 he following letter from a passenger describes the awful scene which occurred during the storm:— On Monday, 29th Sept., at 2 p.m., we left Hong Kong with 24 passengers, via., 3 ladies and 21 of the .terner sex, consisting of a fair sprinkling of all nations, professions, and avocations. We had a remarkably tine start, and were congratulating ourselves on the probability of a speedy and Pleasant passage to Singapore. On Wednesday forenoon, the lot Oct., the barometer began to fall, with a rising KS and increasing wind, which, however, blew so steadily from the same quarter (north-east) that Captain Baker did not expect more than a strong north-caster, " the first of the season" in these latitudes, and made preparations accordingly, observing that should it turn out a typhoon, according to Piddington, the course he was then compelled to steer, on account of our proximity to the Paracels shoals, would bring us into its centre, and that his only alternative in event of being un able to carry on through it, would be to heave to, as soon as he had left them sufficiently far to leeward, which he cal culated would be about 8 p.m. The increasing fall of the mercury during the afternoon, showed the probability of his extreme apprehension , , being realised, arid the short period of daylight remairastg was occupied in making every thing snug. At 7 p.m. both wind and sea had increased to an extent which chewed the wisdom of these precautions. At 7.40 the shin was rolling fearfully and two line largo quarter boats were literally blown into the air, the heavy iron davits, three inches thick, having unapt like Pin stems, At 8 p.m. Captain Baker ordered the Tomei