The Express. — London, England, 1847-09-25 00:00:00

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Few statesmen have made their way through a more formidable mass of envy and difficulties than M. Gutzon. All his life mingliug with that class of men who, from birth, from their profession as courtiers and hereditary trade of functionaries, are wont to mo nopolise office and the management of public affairs, M. Gutzon found each successive batch of ministe rialists most anxious to make use of his talents and experience, but equally anxious to keep down or set aside the individual M. GUIZOT'S was a mind of too much power, too much philosophy, his tastes too literary, and his aims too independent, not to alarm his official frieuds. And though secretary too Minister of Justice s ome thirty or forty years ago, . GUIZOT was soon driven from politics to the professor's chair, and, in order wholly to neutralise him, silenced in that chair. Under the Restoration and the rule of the old BOURBON court this was not so astonishing. Bat even in better and more liberal times M. Ourzor has had to struggle against similar envy and depre ciation. ge We do not speak of the hostility of his avowed and political opponents. This has been above-board, natural, and honest. And, indeed, his greet rival, M. Tnieits, labours himself, and has laboured, under the Mae difficulties and obloquy. And the fact, how ever inconceivable, is, that although M. Omar has been really the first and directing minister of his country for a long series of years, yet he has never been allowed to have the honour or wear tke title of prime minister. It has all along been found neces sary to keep a mere wooden, however gilded image, to wear the title and paraphernalia of prune minister, though the reality and responsibilitrea of power re mained with Gutzon. Of late years Marshal Sourr ' was known to be so sunk in health and wandering in mind as to be utterly inca pable of attending even to the minor affairs of his own department, mach less to the grave cares of prime minister. Still the French conserva tive', even the ministerial conservatives, refused to acknowledge M. GUIZOT as their chief. Were there any very eminent, eloquent, first-rate men amongst those objectors to M. Gilroy's supremacy, oae might have at least understood it. But the rivalry has been made up merely of mediocrities, the hostility simply of the " blockheads against the brains." One personage has amply profited by this enmity to M. Gutzon, existing amongst his own party and supporters, which has acted as a counterpoise to pre vent the minister from becoming too formidable and dictatorial. This is no ether than the King himself, whose personal friends have ever been amongst the foremost to dispute M. Outzor's supremacy, and to affect setting up for themselves. These difficulties and obstacles have had a fatal effect on M. Ourzor's own policy and fame. They have forced him into subserviency towards the court and its dynastic views, which, were he the independent minister, he most probably would have disregarded or overcome. The precipitation of the MONTPENSIER marriage is evidently the fatal and the wrong step of M. Orizor's political career, a step which drives' at once France from England and from liberalism, and throws it out of the straight path into a whole labyrinth of crooked courses. The policy of that marriage is the sacrifice of the interests, the alliance, and the prosperity of three great countries to the mere nominal aggrandisement of the house of Orleans, an object so plain, that the countries cannot perceive the fact and itsconsequences without sacrific- , tag the origin of the ill, that very dynasty and family, to which it has been sought to restore its old supre macy of the last century. This act, with the unscrupelona mode of its achis' me znent, has been the great blot of M. Ouncrr's minis terial career. It is at the same time the contradiction and the undoing of all the policy of his previous years of office. lie assumed power expressly on the condi tion and with the purpose of re-knitting the bonds of amity between England and France, and of re storing that alliance of the West, which, broken or interrupted, at once abandons all the rest of Europe to the machinations and encroachments of the Eastern Powers. The imme diate conserence of the MONTPENSIER marriage was the absorption of Cracow. The second consequence threatens to be the extinction of a moderate liberal movement in Italy. Spain itself must be strait waistcoated into acceptation of the MONTPENSIER9 and should it be found that these Spanish quarrels widen the breach still more between France and England, which the mere talk of a royal divorce cannot fail to do, Russia may seize the opportunity for prosecuting herdesigna on the Bosphorus—designs, which nothing but the friendly understanding between the two great maritime and constitutional countries can prevent. Is the placing of sir ORLEANS on the throne of Spain worth all this? Such is the question that pos terity will ask of M. GUIZOT, if his contemporaries do not. But, however strongly we condemn that fatal and irremediable mistake, as well as the defiance of good faith and the outrages upon common decorum and morals with which it was perpetrated, we cannot but render due tribute to the talents of M. 0111ZOT, even in the encomsfal management of this unsmwpuloes achievement. RICHELIEU or Caoisaut could not have been greater masters of intrigue. M. ()mem haeshigher claims and talents—all the endow ments required to shine as a constitutional statesman rather than as a court politician. Onboth pleas he is fully entitled to the post of prime minister. Let us re gret that all his eloquence, his constitutional straggles far the cause of liberalism, his former efforts to establi sh good fellowship between France and England—none of all these could obtain for M. Omar that high and supreme office, which he has at length triumphantly won by pandering to the selfish ambition of his prince, and sacrificing to that the peens, the alli ance, and the tree interests of the liberal and civilised countries of Europe. MIL JOHN O'CONNELL is getting . up his family and party steam, ani publishing a variety of addressee —one a most ferocious one against the landlords, another against England, demanding more millions. The latter is an old story, too oft repeated. The pro fessed object of the first is to caution the Irish people against resistance to the law, and against lighting the battle of the landlords. Mr. O'CONNELL charges the landlords with contemplating the wis eacre of the people. According to him, they wish "to clear their estates by the massacre of the people under the weapons of the soldiery and police, and by the natural horror of such an event to wring from the government some relaxation of the strict demand for repayment of government advances." This is certainly a heavy charge for an Irish member to bring against the proprietary of his country. Whether Mr. O'CONNELL ti charge be true point of substance, or whether it be the ca lumny of an agitator, on the present state of the facts we will not offer any opinion. We should be sorry to harbour so bad an opinion of any influential class in Ireland as Mr. JOHN O'CONNELL would lead us to adopt of the landlords; and on the other hand we should regret to think so ill of the public character of a gentleman, who has been returned unopposed for two cities, that frem sorry purpose, or from a habit of reckless imputation, he deliberately and publicly at tributed to the owners of the Irish soil the cool and circumspect atroc of ROBESPIERRE. The tone and language of this address from Mr. JOHN O'CONNELL are seigestfis of many grave reflections. He repre hends as strongly as he can the interested agitators-- the landlords. He wishes to unveil their real pur poses, and to dissuade the people from listen to their counsel & " Their only hope is," he says, 'peaking of the landlords, .' if you can be driven into • wild insurrection, and by the spilling of your blood, and the waste of your lives, either the number of applicants be dim' nished, or a mitigation obtained Of the pee demands upon the land." It has probably not oc curred to Mr. JOHN O'CONNELL that others, besides himself and the /Cane Inlanders, may desire to • ad venture in Irish agitation. Why should not the landlords have as good a right to get up • delusive cry about the threatened confiscation of their as Mr. lons O'CONNELL and the repealer. to pro. ebbs that England is unwilling to attend to Irish grievances, and incapable of amending the Vaal condition of their country ? Under the name of " repeal" every sort of stupid falsehood has for many years obtained currency amongst the Irish populace. Gentlemen have passed themselves off as patriots, and buttered their bread on both sides by means of " repeal. " Place - hunters, through means of this hollow cry, have ousted from parliament men of tried character and ad mitted services who scorned to enter parliament under false pretenees. By means of this delusive cry the public name of Ireland has been disparaged, and the integrity of Irish politicians made universally, both in Ireland and England, a matter of question. Men have enlisted with the avowed object of dismem bering the empire, and with the reel purpose of ad vancing their own petty interests. While yelling for the return of a parliament to Dublin, their main object was how they could get moat from the dispensers of patronage in Downing-street. Mr. JOHN O'CoNNELL has doubtless heard his father tell the story of a former Irish politician. " What! Would you sell your country, HARRY ALEXANDER?" " Aye ! and d—d glad lam to have a country to sell." This most dis gustig of all trades—carrying one's politics to marke n t—has for many years been pursued with the most shameless effrontery in Ireland. We long since foresaw that the patriotic discovery of (to use the words of an Irish wit) "gentlemen without an acre of grass land finding a milch cow in their country, which they milked accordingly," would be turned to their own advantage by many of the upper classes in Ireland. Embarrassed proprietors and dissipated spendthrifts are glad enough to find an excuse from being made to contribute to the poor, by raising a hollow cry of " confiscation." They are only copying the example of those repeaters who scouted liberal gentlemen from the hustings and shouted down the voice of reason and reflection by means of the repeal cry. Some of the landlords may think themselves justified in getting up a cry by means of which they may preserve their incomes from the tax-gatherer. Just as some insignificant persons, by a dishonest profession of popular politics, and by the en.ployment of base ar tifices, have obtained an ignominious though lucrative notoriety as members of parliament, so, by a false alarm of confiscation, the overburdened proprietor hopes still to retain his pack of hounds, or still to keep his carriage and horses, safe from taxa tion for the poor. ' Property will be destroyed" 1 cries the man whose real sentiment is, "If this goes on I must give up giving claret at my dinner parties." " A parliament at College-green " bawls the person whose highest and sincerest feeling on public matters is expressed in the words, " Myself an M.P." In former times too many of the Irish gentry were proficients in the ALEXANDERIAN art of edling their country to the best advantage for themselves. The modern Irish " patriots," while avowing different purposes and representing popular interests, have copied the old Irish aristocrats, in keeping a strict eye to their own interests. Like the dishonest radical so poignantly drawn in Sir Bta.writ Lvrrox's satirical comedy of "Money"—the Irish popular leaders might say, "that they are in favour of the greatest happiness of the greatest number i" but in their political calculations the greatest number is number one! With the places of the old Irish aristocracy the political adventurers of the repeal party have got the vices also, though they certainly do not wear their polities with that jolly air of rakish good fellowship which the senators of the defunct Irish parliament were accustomed to display. The dishonest repeal member, in closely copying the.parlia mentary vices of former Irish politicians, reminds us of the thievish valets found dead during the great plague of London in their master's infected clothes. But the contagion of political dishonesty, more than other epidemics, is terribly infections. When the 1 landlords of Ireland see "the patriots" taming the , science of politics into a wretched instrument for popular delusion, why should they refrain on public grounds from cajolery of the populace? Some of ' them would readily say, in self-defence, that legiti mate public opinion was set at defiance in Ireland ; that gentlemen affecting to guide the public destinies had reduced popular delusion to an established system; they would probably strive to clear themselves from Mr. JOHN O'CONNELL'S imputations of contemplating the massacre of the people by asking, whether the scheme of politics by which men like Mr. JOHN O'CON NELL thrive, ever practically recognised the dangers of violent agitation of the populace, of incendiary speeches addressed to the popular ear, and of sophistical pieces of declamation upon the imagi nary causes of Irish suffering, attributing all the evils of the country to England, and making other assertions equally false, and unscrupulous ? Pos sibly in their self-defence from the charge of in difference to the people's blood while contemplating resistance to the rates, the landlords might reckon up the number of lives lost by what, in a bold figure of speech, has been called " bloodless agitation." They might show some curious research in psychology, by calculating with metaphysical subtlety the con necting influence between fierce and inflammatory harangues and reckless deeds of savage violence. The statistics of the hulks and the gallows would give them some shocking facts illustrating the remark of the Marquis WELLtsLET, "that between theincrense of Irish crime and the continuance of political agita tion there was a closely connecting cause." They might in rejoinder make out a very plausible case why Mr. JOHN O'CONNELL and the repeal members should be the last persons to preach puritan morals at them. Thus they might go on throwing dirt, each copying vices belonging to his antagonist, one yelling " Re peal," the other shouting " Confiscation;" and both vying who would get most by raising a hollow cry or a false alarm amongst the people. Let the events of the next month tell whether Mr. lonic O'CoNNELL's charge against the landlords be a true bill, or • reckless piece of vituperative e x don, like too many of the addresses from Conciliation Hall. In some of the advice given by Mr. JOHN O'CONNELL we concur, though for different saaeams. lie tells the people to pay their rates, be arise to spite the landlords, "and not give the to the cruel landlords to bring the police and to slaughter you:' We tell them to pay their rates, because it is expected that honest men, We to pay, should faithfully keep their engage ments. He tells them to be panful , " because,* says XL JOHN O'CoNNELL," in peacefulness they will ac complish, fuliyand 'immediately (!) the glorious work ataipaL" We tell them to be peaceful, that hi de/illy nay have its labour unsasuled—that capital mew be employed without danger—and that the foias powers of society may be successfully developed amongst a people blest with many noble qualities and virtues, whose failings and foibles have too long been the chief stock in trade of the proficient. in the Alexanderian art of selling one's country with a joyful spirit! THAT an Englishman's word is as good as his bond is a boast which we often hear made , and, in many in stances, no doubt, on good grounds. The average of honesty may be higher in England than in most con tinental countries. English travellers tell us that it is so, to a remarkable degree, among retail dealers. Ignorance is not so unmercifully fleeced in London as in Paris, Borne, or Vienna. One reason of this, how ever, may be that English shopkeepers do not see in foreign customers (as the Caithness fishermen in the herring shoals) a special provision and gift which it is sinful not to take advantage of. Perhaps if the summer brought to London or Edinburgh its periodi cal influx of wealthy Frenchmen, and millionaire Germans, the case might be altered. With the cir cumstances of the continent we might have something like the continental laxity of retail trading. In a word, oar insular position may have more to do with oar fair and equal dealing than any inherent honesty of Anglo-Saxon nature. There is hardly a calling or class in Great Britain but has its recognised and tolerated code of immo ralities and dishonesties. Social ethics are lax on the subject of umbrellas. The most chivalrous of collec tors, whether of insects, books, prints, autographs, or any other of the thousand and one objects of mo nomania, would scarcely leave a brother collector in the same line within reach of his treasures, unwatched, THE laiiagrl - • : ki k lijaip. Beeketethefts Olt '.. isi4 ; t a ll t ' dbielehTl e72 - 'I"I * i sa g aria many ir .Irtioei nothing or ap. an or his qualifications ; builder, will nee ur ic ;7 . e matisiabi where they can maps detection ; &raises and picture-milers are proverbial for their Panic faith : contractors pat in bad work where good work is to be paid for ; brewers and publioans take strange liberties with malt and hops. Who is safe against boss-dust in his bread and sloe juice in his post, glees wood in his new dining-room table, or lettuce-lea: in his cigar ? Without going so far se the late Mr. Access, and l maintaining not only that adulteration is everywhere, but that most adulteration is produced by poisonous materials, we cannot but fear that there is a very rotten seam running through that portion of society which lives by supplying the wants of the rest. We are apt to console ourselves by supposing that as every class has its rogues, so the honest section of the bal ing community has nothing to do with the trickery of', its dishonest element. Such a faith, however, is ra- 1 ther shaken by revelations like those which have been in part already made, and in part are threatened, as to the conduct of the wholesale dealers in the drapery business, who obtain goods from the manufacturer and supply them to the retailer. Time revelations have been prompted by the re boil of the wholesale houses to-comply with the ap parently extravagant demand of • the retailers to tarnish 37 inches to the yard instead of 38. Insinua tions and charges were made during the struggle for this purpose, affecting the character of the wholesale houses. A meeting to investigate these allegations has, we are informed, taken place within the last few days, "in the presence of several exporters and others interested in the question." It is the practice, it appears, for wholesale houses to warrant the quantity of the goods furnished by them. These warranties are, in most cases, found to be utterly worthless. " Reels of thread warranted 100 yards" have been found to measure 921, 89, 88f, and, in some cases, even 25 per cent. less than the quantity indicated by the stamp ; while in no single instance did the measurement reach the full standard." The deficiency in quantity of other goods is found to be much greater even than this. It is natural to blame the manufacturer for such deception. He retorts the blame on the whole sale dealer, who makes such roguery the condition of his custom. The wholesale houses justify themselves by the breathless competition which cuts down the profits of honest trade to a loss. The mischief of this dishonesty does not end with the home market. Loud complaints are raised by our foreign customers. Leipsic is specified as one seat of such complaints. The foreign merchant has trusted to the proverbial honesty of England, and burnt his fingers. Malpractices, not exactly of the same kind, but equally roguish, have seriously affected the market of our cotton goods. It is im possible to say bow far the mischievous effects of each unfair dealing may reach. But the diminution of foreign and the loss on home trade is, after all, the least important consequence of our dishonesty. The dealers who resort to these practices are unite, and very important ones, of English society. They are among the largest employers of labour, and their immediate example is potent among men who must be aware, to a considerable extent, of the trickeries they enjoin or sanction. It is impossible that a society tainted with the muter-vice of lying can really and permanently advance itself. Private vices are not public benefits; though the aggregate force of honesty be greater than that of dishonesty, as doubt less it is in this country, still the dishonesty is a drag upon progress, and a stumbling-block, all the more fatal for being unseen, in the path of improvement. There is no sudden remedy for such a disease. It is radical, and can only be cured by radical remedies. The universal hope appears here as everywhere else. Education, real education, different from even the best of that which we have been accustomed to call by that name, is the only thing from which we can see any prospect of good. Practices, like those which have been brought to light in one branch of trade, ' prevail more or less extensively in others. The middle classes of England (it is not too much to say) stand in need of real education as much as her highest class or lowest It is this middle element of the social system which most affects its general character. Until it is purged and elevated, we may work as we will, but we work in vain. We regret to see so little in any clam which announces a true conception of what education ought to be, as compared with what education is. But the conviction of such a false and low estimate of education, is a text from which to preach patience and not despair. If it help us to see the vast work which lies before the reformer, it may also point out to him the best direction for hi s efforts. A portion of the following appeared in part of our last evening's issue : Our Pans despatches contain no intelligence of general interest. M. Ouizot, now president of the council, went to Compiegne, where the king and royal family are staying, on Wednesday, and wee expected to return to Paris yesterday (Friday). The journals are filled with lamentations at the news of the expected decease of M. Coletti, on whose public character the most unmeasured eulogies are given. He is pronounced to be " the greatest citizen of Greece," and " the most illustrious of her, eons." The Madrid mails, with the journals and corres pondence of the 18th, have arrived. The announce ment will be read with profound regret, that an order has been sent to the frontier to forbid, on any pretext, the entrance of Espartero into Spain. Such is the miserable vacillation of purpose exhibited by the knot of contemptible intriguers who constitute the cabinet of Madrid. The internal commotion. under which Italy is doomed to suffer from the discordance between her people and her princes, are likely to continue, notwith standing the examples hitherto presented by the states of the church and of the grand duchy of Tuscany. This is deeply to be lamented, not because it can stop the tide of progress which has set in, for no thing human can do that, but because it must deprive those changes, which are inevitable, of that peaceful harmony between the elements of the state, which is at once a guarantee for their rapid con summation and their permanency when accomplished. We regret to say that the last advioes indicate the return of discord, when it was hoped that harmony had been established, and incipient dissension, where, hitherto, the utmost unanimity and enthuaium have prevailed. The hesitation and vacillation which attended the late concessions of the Duke of Lucca is favour of constitutional reforms will be remembered. That prince has again taken a step which, it is much to be feared, is the harbinger of another re action, although covered with pretexts and excuses which give it a different colour. It appears that about the 10th inst. his highness withdrew pri vately from Lucca to Mara-Ducale, at which place he signed a decree, on the 12th,appointing the council of state to act as a regency daring his temporary absence from his duchy, which had been rendered necessary by the state of his health, which, in the preliminaries of the decree, he declares requires abso lute repose. He confers on the council full powers to conduct the government in his absence, under the presidency of the Marquis Mumma, and desires that, in accordance with his motu-proprio of the Ist inst., it shall proceed with such reforms as it shall deem to be expedient,—following rather than preceding the measures taken in Tuscany. This decree, together with an ordonnance of the council, accepting the regency, was published in Luca on the 11th, where it produced the greatsst irritation. The leaders of the liberal party proposed that it should be taken as an abdication, and spoke of sending a deputation to Floreuce,to urge the Grand Duke of Tuscany to assume the government of Lucca. It was reported that the Duke of Lucca had retired to Parma. The journals of Leghorn to the 16th, and letters to the 17th have arrived. The regulations for the national guard had been published, and had created much disappointment, owing to the distrust of the people which they manifested. Not only are all the labouring classes, peasants, and artisans excluded from ordinary service in this body, but the nomina tion of officers of all ranks for the first three years is vested in the sovereign, and even after that period a most restricted power of selection is given to the body itself. Even the sub-officers (such as non-commiadoued officers in re gular troops) are to be appointed by the commanders. • . • ' S. 1847. IA was meal hared that this degree would not be .escoviid without scribus a iPositioe, the mare espe- I adir sa the more and confiding principle ado&r:t Rome the eyes of the Tuscans. from p tsles 'the lath, say that the situ- I ation of that ea remained the same. The attitude of the population excited serious apprehensions on the part of the government. The insurrection had continued ta be propagated through the Celabrias, in spite of all the efforts of repression used by the commanders sent against it, and the terrors of the most bloody system of executions. Letters from Palermo toe 12th represent the move ment there as having been generally quelled, but still the police made domiciliary visite, victims were incarcerated, and even the most noble were suspected. The papers of Prince Granatelli were seized, and the greatest irritation prevailed. In Messina the moat ruthless system of martial law pre vailed ender the dictatorship of Marshal Landi, who was invested with unlimited powers, having the royal commission of Aller ego. The proclamation issued by this person affords a revolting specimen of the atrocities of which the Neapolitan government is capable. This abominable document was published at Messina on the Bth. The following are its articles:- 1. Military commissions shall be established in the form and according to the instructions which may be given --2. As the duty of every good citizen, of every good Messinese, is to unveil every machination, or to denounce those who endeavour to promote such execrable things, I will receive Ind listen to all those who, apart from all private hate, end only on behalf of the public welfare, will come and state to me all that may disturb order. Their names shall be buried in the secrets of the police, and a prompt recompense shall he granted to them, according to the importance of the in formation they may have given. 3. I require that the tri bunal shall proceed with the greatest promptitude possible with the prosecutions, which being of a criminal nature, depend on them, in order that the justice which must punish the guilty may not be delayed, and that good citizens may be reassured. After this it will be easily conceived that crimes of the blackest description were perpetrated by this butcher, who is the other-self of the King of Naples, at Messina. In that city, within a few days, sixty youths were led out and shot, after such mockery of a trial as M. Landi was pleased to observe. The government meanwhile was making the insane I attempt to surround Sicily with a cordon, which would stop the transmission of intelligence to any other part of the world. The Semaphore of Marseilles gives as an example of the gravity of the situation of Sicily, the circum stance that the Count of Syracuse, who had been for some days at Marseilles, was on the point of embark ing on board the Lombardo steamer to return to Naples. All the baggage and the carriage of the prince were already on the quay and partly on board, when the news arrived by the Vesuvio of the state of the kingdom of his brother. On receiving his despatches, he countermanded his departure, and returned to his hotel. The rumour of the departure of the Count of Syra cuse had inspired the Gazette da Midi with the fol lowing observations, which have been curiously con tradicted by the determination of that prince to remain in Marseilles. The brother of the King of Naples, says that journal, has been for the last few days in Marseilles, and is, it is said, about to start for Italy. We congratulate the prince on his resolution; it could not be longer delayed without astonishing the friends of the august name of Bourbon. We were sure that that fidelity which unites the branches of that noble house would iuduce the count to join his -brother as soon as the danger of the Sicilian throne became apparent. . . . Before a common enemy every prince is a soldier, who should offer his arm and even his life in the cause. It is no doubt with these thoughts that the Count de Syracuse is about to embark to join his post of combat. We cannot believe, as has been said, that his object is a pleasure trip, and that he will stop at Genoa, in order thence to go to Rome, and spend a year, looking on quietly at events which may occur. No; the prince who has had the honour of governing Sicily, and the misfortune of finding malcontents make a rallying 9 7 of his name, well knows the duty which such injurious hopes impose upon him, and he will take this opportunity of giving them the only denial which parties will take, viz., that of deeds which, once engaged in, there is no retreating from. Reports received from Palermo say that Reggio was in the hands of the insurgents until the 4th, when they evacuated it on the arrival of a body of troops by two steamers from Naples. Letters from Turin, of the 17th, say that the popu lar demonstrations which had taken place in different parts of Piedmont had produced a spirit of reaction in the government, and that M. de la Margarita, a reactionary, who had been for a time suspended in the cabinet, had recovered his influence with Charles Albert. ' Advices from Rome say that the proclamation of Cardinal Ferretti had elicited marks of discontent from the liberal party. All this is truly to be re gretted, for, assuredly, nothing could so effectually retard the progress of reform in Italy as any manifestation of the discontinuance of those cordial sentiments of confidence between the Pope and his people which have already excited at once the admiration and the hopes of every friend of human progress in Europe. MADRID, SEPT. 18. It is now plain in what direction the ministry are I steering. Sines the completion of the cabinet, the dead -1 atop which followed the decrees of September 2 and 3, has been exchanged for a retrograde movement. The publication of the great unexceptional amnesty, the restoration of Es partero to his country and former rank, are a mockery and mere deletion. Spain is to be cheated out of the universal heartfelt tributes of gratitude which have been poured out at the foot of the throne. They are to be taught to look upon raid Isabel, whoa they called the angelical, the bounteous—upon whose head they called down blessings— as a vain thin hollow phantom, the mere painted semblance of a queen, whose words have no meaning, whose decrees no authority. In a word, the last news is that &varier.) is to be prevented from entering Spain. Orders, it is said, have ° been sent to the frontiers to prevent the Duke of Victoria from penetrating under any pretext into the kingdom. After this announcement, it is but a trifle to add that the excep tions to the amnesty include other persons, such as General Amettler, who has been denied a passport into Spain by the Spanish embassy at Pane. According to the ultimo horn of the 800 of yesterday, Chris tina had presented herself at Bordeaux on her way back to Spain ; but the telegraph wee put in action to pro hibit the entry of any member of the royal family without the formal and express authorisation of the Queen. This is regarded, however, by . many as a paparrucha. For the rest, there exists no particular reason for supporg that the Queen keeps her mother out of Spain, the character of Isabel being affectionate and confiding to a fault. Among other rumours stands foremen the report of a milirary insurrection on the point of breaking out at Pompeian' on the 15th the rebellions humour having been inoculated and fed by French gold. The insurgents were to proclaim the regency or triumvirate of Nantes, Craws, and the King. Certain it is that, on the 13th, the regiment of Castile was ordered with much precipitation out of Pampelana in the direction of Catalonia ; end thus the fear of revolt ended. The Gazette of Thursday announced that it was autho red to deny formally that the English Minister at Madrid had accused any person or party of conspiring ageism the Queen or her government. In spite of this MEM &eleva tion the moderado papers returned next day to the Mite with undiminished virulence. The Gazette, they imad, has not denied, and will not deny, that Mr. Bunny mete a private note to Signor Escosura, announcing that thorn was a plot on foot for pouncing on the Queen upon law way to the theatre. Upon which a fresh heap of filth is diesharged upon the head of our minister. The slide journal might, however, have made the sexed Mid as safely as the first, for the private note of Mr. Bulwer simply stated that he had been told PO; whisk was quite an other thing from manning positively the Maim of the plot. No one but a modem& Spaniard can daibt ke aa i nstant the propriety of Mr. Bulwer's condo* in making this ereamenication. Ssppposa there had been seek a OM, smi ekes it had succeeded, Mr. Bulwer having boom tbs noweenducting recipient of the alarm—could any paid* be frer, men for • private reeldent at Madrid, let ekes a minister ? " What' yen heard old* ashaisns intest,_ead took no step to put the goverment wpm its guest i" Bach a earessanaki slily be permit W ea soompM, as idiot, es ' • mart And, tre nst gsmaing such • Goon Os ' modomed• pees MO Mr. Balm to epithets grate [ se has* as say of those. Is not this a dinpreefid r and mandalose *sepals—the organs of a great party, who 6 bar of char imams sugenity in die Cortes, and is rugarmit the rairkansy of werkit, birth, and iete sjd=man, with the mein ririly insults a Amiga , who is naprinhisi with those means of *ties whisk guarantee the giresosimat or a rival party he omit i anther, who wields r mass. do pm, sad raft slily , upon the sacredness of hissed* charsoter, as the Topmern , aye of a friendly nitre, let his hilarity dm seek vio rel. 1 lence—assaiT him, raft 'my assmhis b a t b.. ' cause he has ths mat *Mom mai duty • But this rabid sad isdisonstkitaykror, shockin 1 to a saturally grow smi newassns Mrs Os i wig bud to dimes stillikaass Os of this mat► r rodeo, alters 6E44 OSEINESA 4 , low sod swigs Mrs of lts Iltis* ill Poir bak / Le ind ile Iforithisl salts set dm Is the lows of em maims& sed Peso* • party. Pne this sf the lisratish, which is mosson , trated upon lit. Balm., is not a *mai* feeling : it ie the incurable rancour of a party in France, who And in Eng land an insurmountable obstacle to their ambition, of whose designs the Spanish moderatos have cunsented to brooms the tools, as they have become the mouthpieces of their dis appointment. Pursuing the subject of Mr. Bulvrer's note to Sr. Esconirs, the lieraldo of to day challenges the English minister to prosecute them for a libel, and taunts ►im with hie fear of resorting to the tribunals for reparation. No doubt there would be one objection at least to pursuing that course, an objection the delicacy of which perhaps it would be difficult for the men of the Iferakto to comprehend, namely, the neees•ity of delivering up the authority upon whose commu nication the warning in the note was founded. This is the only fear, and one which is highly honourable to the feelings of Mr. Bulwer. The tact that Senor Sertorius, rfdacteur of the Heraldry, was set down for a place in the ministry under Barnes, whose intimate friend and cherished client he is, and whose fall must have been a severe blow to his feelings and prospects, account* in come measure for the sudden exacerbation of the Ileraldo's tone, and its violent attacks upon Mr. Bulwer and the English. Upon Thurs day the public was informed that Senor Sartorius had been accused of try ing to reduce the garrison from its allegiance to the Queen, of having been twice by night to the quarters of San Francisco to distribute money among the soldiery, and ripen matters for a military insurrection. This calumny, which Inc one had heard of till that moment, appeared, together with its refutation, in the Heraldo. Senor Sar torius, in consequence, applied to the government to have hive brought to trial, that his innocence might be proved, and his accusers known and confounded. The ',newer, although not complying with Senor Sartorius's request, is satisfactory for the rest to that gentleman's feelings, and complimentary to his civic virtues. I bear that Senor Sar torius has resigned the directorship of the Iferaldo. Among the decrees which have lately appeared in the Gazette the most important is one establishing 105 new lights on the coast, at an expense of twenty millions of reels, to be spread over four yetrs. This and the erection of an archive office, at considerable additional cost to the public, do nut say much for the economy to be expected from the present ministry. No doubt lighthouses and record-offices are very useful establishments for a country; so is a clock a very useful piece of furniture in a household. But if a man with a large family, ill clothed and ill led, were to order home a hand . some timepiece from Mr. Dent, to be paid for by the sacrifice of muttonchops, beer, and stockings, what pity would such a manager deserve, while writhing under the severest cur tain-lecture ? LY CONGRESS AT BRUSSELS. PODILTH AND CONCLUDING DAT, sErr. 23. M. VAST NIEENES in the chair. The minutes of the preceding meeting were approved of. Vismuat D'ALANEIDA handed to the president Some sta tistical details relating to Portugal, with the view of having them published in the Moniteur. The Chevalier Pastern announced that a royal society of patrons for liberated convicts had been formed at Turin, and ' similar ones at Bologna and Itome. The Chevalier BEILTINI gave a brief account of two or three prisons in the kingdom of Sardinia, in which aboslute silence was ordered, and in which the inmates were em ployed at the various trades. In the year 1838 a penitentiary was established for women near Turin, partly on the cellular system, for no communication was allowed between them. Similar establishments existed at Alessandria and also at Oneglia. M. DE Zen (chamberlain of the Emperor of Russia), mounted the rostrum, and said he had to offer a few remarks with reference to an assertion made by M. Wolowaki, at the time that he (M. de Zehe), announced on a former occasion that the knout had been abolished in Russia. The exclama tion was "Yes, but the knout has been replaced by the pleit" He (M. de Zebe) did not hear that exclamation ; the applause of the meeting called forth by the fact which he had stated having prevented M. Weloweki's observation from reaching his ears. That applause had made his heart beat within him, and he only wished that the millions of his countrymen could bear it, in order that they might have an idea of the sympathy awakened in a distinguished European assembly for progress in Russia. (Cheers.) It certainly was a fact that the pleit (a species of cat-o'-nine-tails) had re placed the knout. But there was a very great difference between the two instruments of punishment, both with re spect to the severity of it and the infamy attached to it. A person who had undergone the punishment of the knout was never received in company, whereas those on whom the pleit had been inflicted were not considered as degraded. The discussion was then opened on the questions whisk ' were forwarded in extents yesterday (published in the Er press of yesterday). Dr. VARRANTRAT, editor of the " Annul • of the IV's= of Frankfort," said be objected to the continuous tesemseer tore of the cells in Pentonville. The prisoners easily caught cold in passing, for example, to church. He thought that on entering some of the cells of that prison, he found that the air was very much compressed. He could not urge too warmly the importance of giving prisoners the benefit of fresh air. During the night, for example, the keepers might open the windows of the corridors. He was certainly much gratified with his visit to Pentonville, but he could not help observing that the mode of ventilation was anything but perfect. Lieut.-Col. JERRE stated that he had pointed out, in the 24th page of the report which he had presented to the con gress, a mode of procuring fresh air. In England there were so sudden and so great changes of temperature that it was very difficult to keep up an equal degree iu the pri sons—in fact to follow the external mutations. Mr. B. Roreu (magistrate for Middlesex), who spoke in French, said he had to compliment Lieutenant-Colonel Jebbe as the founder of the Pentonville prison, and that fact, he thought, was in itself sufficient honour. (Loud cheers.) Nevertheless, he (Mr. Botch) could not help saying that many things were wanting to render that establishment perfect. All the medical men to whom he had spoken on the subject were of opinion that the temperature should be lowered by night time. The mode of ventilation was not good in Pentonville, and he would just observe that if people were satisfied with what was simply good, they would never have better. The question of ventilation was a most im portant one, particularly for nations which, unlike England, had no colonies to which criminals might be transported, and which were, therefore, under the necessity of detaining the criminals for a long time in prison. It must not be said that there was no way of bringing the fresh air into prisons conducted on the ce llular system; but rather urge archi tects to find out a plan to that effect before the next congress. is held. The system of ventilation in Clerkenwell prison had been lately changed, because it was found to be a bad one. Mr. Botch here showed the meeting a plan for pro curing a good ventilation, the principle appearing to be that fresh air should be applied from the lower parts of the building, whilst the foul air should escape from the roof of the house. He would just state one fact to show that at Pentonville some improvements were required. About three weeks ago he had been informed by one of the furnace or oven men of that prison, that it required thirty-six hqurs to lower the temperature. Lieut-CoL JEBBE admitted that it would be better to admit air into the prisons by means of open windows, but then such:windows would admit of communication between the cells. He did not think that the present system at Pen tonville could be well changed at present without endanger ing the health of the inmates. Should the medial men, however, decide otherwise, alterations would be made. He thought that the present mode of ventilation would not act prejudicially ou the health of the inmates during the eighteen months or so they remained is the model prison. Mr. BEAUMONT stated that the material questions under discussion were highly important. He fully agreed with Mr. Botch that it was strictly necessary to give the prisoners the advantage of fresh air by day and by night. The article in favour of the establishment of a central ob servatory of inspection was adopted, as was also one relating to cells, with the exception of a sentence which fixed their space at from 28 to 3o cubic metres. [These articles have been already published in the Express.] The Abbe LAROQUE (chaplain of the 116 tel des Invalids, at Paris) observed that religion accommodated itself to all the plans of prison discipline. He was certainly in favour of the cellular eystem—first, because the prisoners who had some remaining virtue within them did not run the risk of losing it ; and secondly, because alter leaving the prison they did not incur the danger of meeting with persons who had been imprisoned at the same time with them. With respect to the places of worship, he was in favour of a church or chapel where the preacher could well see all the persons whom he addressed. The mass alone was am sufficient. It WO necessary to preach the word of Gel to the prisoners—forfides ex ouditu. He was happy to beer testimony to the kindness which he met with whilst visiting the admirable prison at Pentonville ; and he win et teaks that the chapel there possessed all the advantages mid with respect to the mode of construction. The Rev. J. FIELD (chaplain of Reading Orel) awed that the moral training of prisoners should premeds the ewer pying of them at the various trades. The plea he roma mended was the one adopted at Parkhurst, and it had pro duced good results. M. Stover said that he did not consider it necessary to have a church separate from the prison, properly so called. M. Illoaase CRILUATOPHE observed that the question of a septette chapel was an important financial question. Bitch a plies of worship would require a considerable outlay. Mr. WOLOWSKI (after considerable interruption) ex plained the nature and pure of hie exclamation, or rather his emertion, respecting the knout and the pkir. The Ail: femme between the two instruments was, that the former at the second stroke made the blood gush oat in torrents, whams the pkie had the same effect only after the inflic tion of the seventh or eighth stroke. (Sensation in the 'VSiberia (added the speaker) is certainly well sow, for the Russian government has sent so many isuals dare. (Great confusion and loud cheers) The mean was shortly afterwards suspended, but a very animaledgemvereation was kept up in the ante-room between 11. blebesd a young Polish gentleman. A consider able pal, wasemu formed around the speakers, and nu nseream denwimNsem, al, however, in • friendly and tole rant wide, wm• aria en the subject of the knout, the plt s ertli Zeitl=i•nine tails. the congress voted in favour of the me r eel=is passers of yards or places of ameba whit sheralidlaw dna the bar& of the free ea sad of rr am, TOW, limner, egg ounntnniostita between dm& It was elm Nosivel that ta mate MIS *me pub xelllbt be seellapi la a manor to Maw of beim base mr- Mei or amyl be tamed into garages Ire aableseia. see prepoeltisas were next adapted : Oleataxs.—The chapel should be so armed as that seele prisoner should join in the exercise of win owl besting the mfaleter MUM' it brin r ;i b & amlf ones I retard being Lai ea Yin mss Yee to the Ihr imusetal prfaseple of the sopezesiss el pdseases swept themselves. Paszovna.—A certain number dun mann should be made for the use of prisoners not authorised to meet their re lations or friends in their own cells. DOIIRSTIC Sanvica.—ADmINISTRATION.—LODOINO OP PERSONS EMPLOYED IN PRlSONS.—Whatever plan Nag be adopted, independent of the localities above.mentionen, each prison on the oellular system should contain a bath with • number of separate baths, in proportion to the number of inmates ; • kitcken, with its accessories ; o.kizig..ihogs, and a wash-house ; • certain number of magazines for pson alone, fuel, clothes, general stores, and manufactured goods, according to the destination of the prison; • clerk's Ole., and • mseting-room for the committee of inarveil. lance ; lodgings for the director or chief °Meer, the goads, or watchers, and, in penal prisons, for the sub-director, the superintendent of works, the almoner, the doctor or his assistant, and of such other persons as may be placed in each prison by the administration. The next topic of discussion was the following Bel glom corporations may be called to join in this work of watching over and reforming the prieoners, theirlibe x t y o f action being circumscribed within the limits of the duties imposed on them by their important minion, without attri buting to them any participation in the direction or wheals tration of penitentiary establishments." A long and stormy discussion immediately aimed. Fiv e different amendments were successively handed to tke chair man ; one or two in favour of retaining the words " religious usociation," others for rejecting them, or modifying the Paragraph. M. Roussel, proposed a 6th amendment, having in view the retaining of the above words, but declaring that the members of those associations should he only moral, and not material agents; and that they should be, moreover, inde pendent of the control of their respective religious superiors whilst in the prisoa, and should be, like the other agents, under the orders of the director of the establishment. Another stormy discultion canted, which lasted for mere than half an hour. M. ROI:a4EL remarked that be was a philosopher with respect to religious worship. He had his own creed, and he followed it ; and yet, unfortunately, he, who had given:a preference to no creed, bad excited something like a storm. He only wished to have special moral agents devoted to religion. M. DE Maxt:x said that when he wished to omit all dis cussion on the question in point, for fear of dividing the No . grey, he did not think that the meeting itself would show that he was only acting prudently in making the suggestion he did. Even if the majority decided in favour of a religions association, that decision would not be binding upon the minority, as a case of conscience was concerned. Dr. N LEMINCKX proposed an amendment, in which th e words " religious associations " should be admitted. M. DE Bum:MONT said he would support M. Bowies motion. He felt that the objections of certain gentlemen to the words " religious associations" were unfounded. We wish (said M. de B ) that religion should have its full in fluence on the prisoners, and there must be some organisa tion for that purpose. In a prison composed of a majority of catholic'', government will have recourse to catholic mods,- tions. Suppose there are protestant•, recourse may be bad to protestant teachers. Besides, a society of visitors or patrons, we wish to have (said M. de Beaumont) a permanent source of inspection and co-operation. lie expressed the hope that M. Roussel's motion would be passed. Sc imeoan: It is a great error to think that in Holland there axe companies of patrons for the inspection and in struction of prisoners. There are ecclesiastics of all kinds, and he thought it was the same in France. Certainly mem bers of religious associations ought not to be excluded, but he did not think it was necessary to make any particular or- rangemeot on that score. After considerable discussion a compromise was effected, in the shape of a joint resolution, which conceded to govern ments the power of organising moral agents for the ameliora- tion of prisoners, either by means of religious associations or societies of patrons or other benevolent societies. On the motion of Mr. de Beaumont, thanks were voted to Sir G. Grey for sending over Col. Jebb to the meeting. Votes of thanks were passed to several other parties, and the con gress then broke up. A grand banquet takes place this evening. The time and place of meeting of the next con gress will be hereafter stated. Itbe Court. The Queen and Prince Albert took an airing in an open carriage on Thursday afternoon in the vicinity of Osborne, the Prince driving. The Prince of Wales, Prince Alfred, the Princess Royal, and the Princes' Alice, walked and rode on the ma beach yesterday forenoon. The Queen Dowager, accompanied by the Duke of Saxe Meiningen, and the Duchess Ida, Prince Gustavus, sad the Princesses of Saxe Weimar, and attended by the ladies and gentlemen of her suite, arrived at her residence, Marlborough-house. at a quarter-past 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon, from Bushy-house, Busby-park. The Duke of Cambridge arrived in town yesterday , from the residence of the Duchess of Gloucester, at Rich. mond, and paid a visit to the Duke of Saxo Ideuringeo, at Marlborough-house. General Prince Castelcicala had yesterday an inter view with Viscount Palmerston, at the Foreign-office. Prince CaShashi transacted business at the Foreign-office yesterday. • The Duchess of Bacelench arrived in town on Thursday from Scotland. l)espatches were sent off last evening from the Colonial-office for the Governors of Hong Kong and Ceylon. [From last night's Gazette.] WAR-OFFICE, Seer. 24. Ist Drag. Gds.—G. H. Errington, gent., to be cm., by par., site York., win, retire, • 2nd Drags.—Lieut. Sir G. F. Hammon, Batt, to be corn, by par., vice Pigott, who ret. ; Cor. 11. D. W. Lynn, to be lieut., by par., vies Kr G. F. Ilampson ; F. Sutherland, gent., to be cor., by par., vice Lyon. 7th Lt. Drags.—T. Siddell, gent., to be vet. SW', rice Robertson, deceased. 11th Lt. Drag..—Copt the Hon. F. J. IL Villiers, from h.q. 119th F., to be rapt., vim C. P. Ibbetaen, who nth. ; Lieut. G. T. Dun. combe to be cam , by per., rice Tilling, who ref. ; Cornet R. tennis_ town to be lieut., by par., vice Duncombe ; W. 6. Brinkley, gent., to be car., by par„ vice DM:IIS4OM 13th Lt. Drags.—Lieut. R. H. J. Stewart, to be mtg., by par., vim Hamilton, who em. ; Cornet and Adj. T. Irwin to base the rank of Lieut. ; Cornet S. G. Jetiria, to be limit by pan, Mee Stewart. 13th F.—Ens. B. Hogge, to be lieut., by par., vice Oakes, who set; R. R. Montgomery, gent., to be eau, by sire Rogge. 27th F.—Ens. J. R. H. Becher, to be Rou t, by par., vice Reilly, who ret. ; W. C. Somerville, gent, to be one„ by parr., vice Becher. 40th I.—C. E. Eostace, gent., to be en,., by par., vice Dame, whose epp has been enneelled. 60th P.—Second Lieut. F. Dawson, to be first lieut., without par, Moe Armstrong, dec.; Ens. C. Clarke, from 30th F., to be suoM Beat., Mee Dawson. 72nd F.—Arglei.Serg. E. W. Gray, M.D., from 81M F., tc be ton, sloe Dumbraltprom. on the staff. 94th F.—lisat. A. C. ' , Seib, to be rapt., without par., Mee toms, dee. ; Bea B. T. Hewn, to be Rent, vice Meik ; Ens. H. It. Browne, teen tbe Idi Ir., le be on., via Beare. Brig.—Weirit A. J. Loonses to be lleat..eoL, without pa/. rice Beckwith. deo. ;Capt. W.B. &Bare= to be sea*, Mee Lsivrerce; Copt. B. T. Doyle. tuft It": DLL P Ybe met, vise Polka. der- ; Capt. W. W..- .begeon, from _IL+ de the kik Bldg.*, tempt., Me Norooti Lieut. Y.B. Han=oM to be aapt., tryper„ rker Doyle, who ref.; Lieut. S. Stewart to be met, by par, site libpbeason, eke cot.: See. Leith C. H. S. Chu rc hill tele grit Peat, by par. eon Hmasoand ; See. Limit. E. M. Bahr to) Mt Sent by pox. , '•:•'.° Stewart; J. Bowles, gent., to be eso. IleaL, by per., Iles Chard:ol H. Q. Lids* y t., to be tea Ike ~ by per vies Pear. td West India Regiment. —Brew. Vidor L4lllsloa to be ms r, without par, Moe Peek, deteasel ; U. &D. lamb to be opt. vice Beim: Ens. D. A. Petearets b be SM. ries lasi& Flemreas. ararr.—eWT. D. Demeleasb, M.D. kin the 72nd F., to be oaf meg. el the let vise D. Kamm elle M. apse 12.4; J. H. SEIM, N.D. be be eriß. g. to do 61111 L Basser.—Make WT. Doyle, at Wile Brigade, lo be m ajo r In dee army; Capt. M . T. Do le, lithe Brigede, le be major la the sgmy ; Capt. W. W. Rtepiswr, of the Rifie Bleb, to Min* in the immy. ADIDBALTY, erre. 22. Tba mdebmellewel meaelkeee kale tbb day tikes B ye, ear re =Wm tke dal* at Vlowbint. 84 ..Dubtrood, Tbs. et the is air C. Balks. I.C.R. H., to be rice-Adm. et Ike WWI.; Desr-ectra. at re OM IL Hawker to be Vice-A dm. of tM Era ; Iserddr. at Use Was die W. B. Proctor, Saru, to be Roar- Ad/m.64 We Sr; BeseAdes. or tbe Blue Sir W. 11. Dili" Este AdKijto is Iliarddr. at the Whits; Capt. J. Pascoe to be ten a I . d Or Ow THE REGISTRATIONS. CITY OF LoNDON.—The first case of any import ance was that of Mr. Cultic, et Sydenham-hall, who, being registered in the parish of St. Andrew iindershaft, was ob jected to by Mr. Smith, on the ground that there wee no address in the list. No one appeared to give evidence 53r Mr. Carlton, but Mr. Brown appealed to the court to Inuit the address. Mr. Smith initiated that the court was called upon to expunge any name when the address of the party wu not supplied to it. setisfaction. Mr. ISPChrisne thought that as there was no one in court to give proof so to residence, he was bound to strike out the name. Mr. William Jerrod, of ill, Lime-street, was objected to by Mr. Brown, on the ground that the landlord resided on the premises. On behalf of the voter it was attempted to be shown, that although the landlord ocomionally slept on the premise', he generally lived elsewhere. The tendency of the evidence was to prove that the landlord retained exclusive possession of the property ; sad the court held that the ob jection bed been sustained. Messrs. Francis and Alfred Poesy, of 46, Lion-streets were objected to by Mr. Brown, on the same ground. A clerk of Hews. Pegley proved that his employers occupied during the day a counting-house situated in a court com posed of three houses. As the ease proceeded, it appeared that there was an outer-gate teeming a common entrance to the whole of the premises ; and the &edrion turned on the question whether or not the landlord had entire and ex clusive control of this gate alter the hours of business. On behalf of Messrs. P ley, it was stated that the public had claimed and exercised a right of way; bat, in opposition to this view, it was shown that, although the public had used the gate. they had been warned not to do so, and that it was regularly alined at • certain period of the evening by a porter of the landlord. Mr. Smith, in defence of the title to vote, maintained that the case was precisely similar to that of the inns of court. The revising barrister, on thesground of the landlord's central of the gate, allowed the objection. Mr. Brown brought under the serideration of the court the case of several pence, when names were on the lot without any address. These paella had written Were to Mr. Brown, se the coneervalfee egad, telling lin whets they resided, and these Wain were la caw% rely to be produced. Mr. IdTheiede mid be said net roodos earl evidence. The podia obarai have apparel' ths.isl' state where ties maiial. Oa being Wad why be bed set obtained the ediw of thus was, the manor ding that he had cant a=lal as i =l i ta, but then war te always a ritual on the suleses Via ammo wen all Mak Mho shat, Maui, weglair. of Mr. eaadisi the littelfil• Ai rabbi Wailer to the OMEN* ber ud g and saw Wolin Nam eitasehads gaited to tr:Th a eit antedates in uses In whisk partite