The Express. — London, England, 1857-10-14 00:00:00

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Mc `'M r —4■ ll WILL TUT& Mc Illidlemb. -omawase al lallowlll. LONDON, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 14. Inc. rhyme , of the news of the fortnight ending ft:h September, transmitted to the India House from Caleutta by Mr. EDMONATONE, and published in the Erpress of last night, lo an able and, on the whole, a re-assuring document. It is gratify ing to learn that the able and energetic soldier, Major VINCENT ETRE, was following up his •ietorions career. After the spirited affair at Dulloor and Jugdispore, on the 12th of August— of which a more particular account than had pre viously been published appeared in a Supplement to last Friday's Gaulle, and is transferred to our columns of this day—Kowa Suers Bed south ward. From Mr. F.torON,TONE we learn, that feel ing himself insecure in Ithotaa, he sought refuge in the Rewab territory, about the 27th or 25th of August, but was warned off by the Rajah. Of his enbeesuent movements we learn nothing; but it is said that the mutinous Sepoys here parted company with him, and in despite of the resistance of the Rewah troops, crossed the Tonic, and pushed on to wards Delhi, plundering ea they went. On the north of the Ganges below ALlahabad the presence of the Ohoorkhas who marched from Gorruekpore, when it was somewhat pre cipitately abandoned by the civil servants, had re-assured the inmates of those towns near the river where an incursion of the Oude muti- eters was apprehended. Anarchy, however, pre vailed in the Saran district, where one of the (hide ringleaders had assumed authority after' the eight of the civilians ; but the neer approach of a second Ghoorklia detachment, which was to leave Katmandoo the 13th or 14th of August, would, it was hoped, suffice to re-establish order. That this! body of troops did not arrive sooner was owing solely to the vacillation of Lord CANNING; on this point, however, the Secretary to the Government is naturally silent. On the 2nd of September the garrison of Lucknow still held out, and are reported to have been " sal " ciently provided with food." They had, • short time before, repulsed a most determined assault, and disabled two heavy guns which had annoyed them much. " The garrison have been told to hold out to " extremity." With the warning example of Cawn pore before them this injunction was surely super fluous. The latest accounts of the force destined to relieve them are as follows :—General HAVELOCK was waiting for reinforcements at Cawnpore at the beginning of September. the number of effective men then with him is not mentioned. On the 3rd or 4th of that month, 1,270 men, with a 9-pounder bat tery, had reached Ailahabad. Of these, six hundred Infantry and the Battery were already on the march for Cawopore, and Sir Jams Orraxii was to follow with the remainder on this night of the 6th. He expected to join HATILLOCIC on the 12th or 13th, and to find everything in readiness for crafting the river. From these facts, out readers can draw their own inferences without our assistance. The condition of the country to the south and north of the Ganges, between Allahahad and Delhi, had undergone no change since the previous mail. Mr. EMIONSTONE confirms the account of the vic tory over the Mutineers, gained by Brigadier Nicnotsog on the 2.3 th of August. Ile adds that the Chief Commissioner of the Punjaub calculates that by the middle of September the force before Delhi will be little short of 13,000 men. "Thu esti " mate," remarks the cautious Mr. Eumos,,roNe., "may be rather too high; ^ and the Secretary to the Gov( rnment of India says nothing of a contemplated assault. On the whole, this report of the Government at Calcutta is quite as favourable u could have been expected. It proves beyond doubt that the incur- gents lack the courage, or the military skill (or both), to ,trike any decided blow before reinforcements from Europe can arri , e. Respecting the operations of the Anglo-Indian authorities in Bengal and Behar, ocr information is too scanty to warrant our pro nouncing an opinion. But it is simple justice to say of the authorities in the Punjaub, and of those who arc now in command before Delhi, that they hare, with their extremely limited means, accomplished far more than we had any right to expect of them. If we carefully abstain from encouraging the idea that next mail will bring news of a successful onslaught on Delhi, it is simply because we believe that these who encourage such an expectation are, n their anxiety to efface the recollection of the culpable remissness of the supreme Government, exciting hopes which it is extremely improbable can be realised, and exposing the brave and skilful soldiers who are struggling so gallantly in North- Western India to undeserved reproach for not having secompliahcd the impossible. WE have already pointed out the circumstances which lead us to believe that, serious as the existing monetary pressure is, there is no apparent ground for panic, and that the natural course o f even t s will in a few days materially relieve the pre sent excessive stringency of the money market. As a natural consequence of the increase of the Bank rate to 7 per cent. here, the Bank of France has also raised its rate to 61 per cent., a measure which it ie said would have been adopted earlier, although not to so great an extent, had not the higher powers strongly objected to such an act of prudence. In face of the recent return of the Bank of France, showing a heavy increase of bills discounted, and • large diminution of the bullion, notwithstanding purchaees which we may estimate at above two millions, it is difficult to understand on what grounds TIE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 14, 1867. the Hank extended the margin of its loins on stock and shares. It may have had renew to believe that this concession would be little acted on, and it is certain that the increase of the advances on those securities was but of trifling amount. It is nevertheless certain that money has for some time past been less and less abundant in France, notwithstanding the excellent accounts received of the wine and grain crops in general. The traffic on the railways has diminished, and although the com mercial returns published by the Government are, on the whole, very swisfactit7, there is undoubtedly a state of things existing which causes eerious ansiety. It wet one of the weaknesses of NAPOLEON 1., as it has been that of his nephew, to believe that by administrative action, by edicts and orders in council, prosperity might be maintained in • 1 country unhampered by parliamentary bodies se • ' free press. The quotations of the funds mkt the uncle, and of the Bourn securities in general under the nephew, were regarded, and are still regsrded,u exponents, not only of the national pros perity, but of the individual skill and popularity of the 80YEREIC.N. Every measure, therefore, however wise, tending to diminish the activity of Bourse tiperations—those, at least, which are admitted to be legitimate ones—has been viewed with disfavour, as evidently tending to produce a 114.1 in quotations. On the other hand, measures of troationable pru dence and propriety have been initiated or winked at by the ruler, when they promised to give at least an appearance of reviving prosperity and confidence. The visit of the President of the Credit Mobilier to Chilons, and the rally in prices which followed it, were at the least singular coincidences ; but although very active measures have been taken by those who are supposed to be somewhat overloaded with shares, the Paris Bourse has only been galvanised, and the reaction is not healthy. So long as those measures told only on the operations of those who sold what they did not possess, they were to a certain extent successful, but a new element has been intro duced. Our advice* inform us that bonJ fide sales are continuing and increasing, as a consequence of the general extension of the demand for money. Within the last few weeks several failures have taken place among bankers, and more than one firm of high standing formerly is indebted to the assistance of the great capitalists connected with it for extrication from its most pressing dif ficulties. It is impossible to disguise the fact— France is suffering under a weight of floating securities, representing undertakings rashly entered upon, and of which the other monetary centres of Europe are unfortunately unable to relieve her. We look upon France, financially, es eminently an example of " unstable equilibrium," and we dread every event which may throw the balance on the wrong side. We deprecate it, not only from the inevitable reaction which it would cause in other parts of Europe, but from the check that would be given to the rapidly increasing prosperity of a country with which we have been so intimately allied, and whose wellbeing is of such general in tenet to us. We wait, therefore, with great anxiety the effects of this commercial catastrophe in America upon the manufacturers of the South of France more especially, of whom the United States were noto- ' riously the largest customers, as they were to a numerous class of the producers in Paris. The Lyon. houses are beginning already to feel severely the fall in silk generally, and the difficulty of finding purchasers foe goods manufactured from raw material at an excessively high price increases from day to day. It is only by the facilities that exist for obtaining credit that they are enabled to pass through this difficulty, aggravated to an ex tent as yet unknown by the failures in the United States ; and we sincerely hope that the sort of crises through which we are passing may not produce moat disastrous effects in France. Cbt Court. BALMORAL, Ocy. 12. The Queen, the Prince Consort, and the Princess Royal were pretest M Divine fiervks yeetewley, M the parish church of Cratbie. In attendance were Lolly Churchill the Hon. Flora Macdonald, Msior-Oesetal the Ilea C. Orey, and Colonel the Hoe. C. Phipps. The service use performed by the Rev. Dr. R. Iwo. Mr. Ex-President Roberta, of Liberia, and Mr. G. Rale ton, o:maul-General of Liberia, bad an interview with the Earl of Clarendon yesterday, at the Foreign.ofllos. Kr. Galloway bad an interview with Mr. Se:rotary 1.4, Wuhan yesterday, at the Colonia4o6m The !Juke or Newcastle and Lady Susan Pelham Clinton an on their way to Climber Park, from a visiting tour in Scotland A dialler:ashen circle of Melton will shortly namable at Clumber. The Dowager 'Melina of Hamilton mired at her mansion la Fortnum-square, a few days since, from Bestow Perk, Suffolk. The Duke of Wellington left town yesterday for Busehfielderye, Hama. The Duchess remaius al Apeley House. The Marchioness Dowager of Queensberry has arrived at Farranos's Hotel, Belgravia, from The Marquis and Marchioness of Clanricarde leave lows to-day for Portman& Castle, county Galway. Frances Countess Widdegrave and Mr. G. V Harcourt, M.P., are at Strawberry HA Twickenham, ear rounded by a 'elect circle of Maeda. The Earl and Counter of Durham came to town to-day from Copeland Castle Ini.harn. The Earl and Counter of Beverley and family feria to town to-morrow from Orwell Perk, Seffulk. . _ Lord and Lady Ilargherah joined the family circle at Apthorpe, • few days Mac*, from • tour of 'Mita. The Roble lord sod bar ladystop ere •sported in toad to-morrow. Lord Itokeby left Montague House yesterday for Brightot. His lordship will natio tO WSJ iv a few dart. . . - . Lord and Lady Farnham have left Claridge's Hotel for Famham, county Cana. The EdinburyA Courant nye :—" Prince Duleep Singh, in Scotland, has commenced to hawk ; and, with the meistszow of isi.nse magnificent falcons, considerable moms has followed his +wad upon the veined game."' _ Major-General Lord Itokebi, commanding the &Asks of the Guards, •ill hapset the 2nd Battalion of the Omagh' Oneida to-mono., and on Iridity the Major. Ger& •M make an inspectire of the let Battalion of the Coldstream Guards. Both battalions are quartered at the Wellingtes 134urackn. The Prince de Joinrille left Constantinople ths 10th alt., on his es, to ths Crime, to: Wass. The Prince of Orange has arrived in Naples, from relernao, sad has been reeivef by the king at Gest& The Sunday evening services at Exeter Hall will he resumed nett month. It is mid that the bet of the melee of twelve sermons Will be preached by the Bishop of London. The King of Denmark, on the 6th, received at the palace at Gluck/Own deptitatese to cougratalate him on the mini 'weary of be birthday. At nightfall the town wee and • grand swear& given so lb♦ K ing. His Majesty intended in a few days to set oat on an manes in Schleswig, bet had determined not to visit Holstein. A letter from Rome states that the Pope was to hem ea the 12th to Civil,' Veeditia, where he weld total at halt Ire day.. A letter from SuLinz states that the movement of martian= Ins not ben very eminderable this year in the Danube. Tan is attributed to the sinadance of the crops la Western Europe. Up to this done not move then a thousand vowels hate entered the Ann Among them bore only been 14 French, of Iron 200 to 300 tons each. They bare ewe bon Manoilles, Aide, and Narbonne, ani loaded with wool sad colons be Frain, or with can for England. THE CALOUTTA [AIL. The Peninsular and Oriental Company have re ceived the following despatch : " The steam-ship Valetta arrived at Marseilles, with the Calcutta mails, at 6 o'clock this morning (14th inst.)... . - - . _ _ " The mails left ?or London at 10 a.m. " The Bomlny and Mauritius mails, coming by the French racket, have not arrived." THE PENINSULAR MAILS. (IT NLICTIJC TILZOIAPIL) I, Ow; T.Y. The steam-ship Alhambra, with the Peninsula Yids, has just entered the Solent PRUSSIA. BERLIN, ()cc. 12. The bulletin published yesterday evening ran as follows: In hie Majesty', state of health no material changte have taken place during the day. Oct. 11, 8 o'clock p.m. The bulletin of this morning skid : . . . _ . _ . HL lifsjeaty slept the first half of the night somewhat totealiy, hot after midnight his sleep was sounder. From time to time there appear symptoms of congestion, but they are of short duration. Oct. 12, 8 a.m. The latest intelligence of the health of the King of Prussia, received by telegraph, is as follows : " BERLIN, Oct 13. " The King had sleep at intervals during the day; the sleep was short, but tranquil. The attacks of congestion of the brain have not re-occurred this morning." EXPRESS FROM PARIS. (mom ova owx FARM, TIMID AT BIIII7INO. Although it was foreseen in financial circles that the Bank of France would feel compelled to follow the example of the Bank of England, and raiao its rate of discount, the measure has come upon the general public by surprise. It is only by virtue of a law passed last session, that the Bank of Prance is enabled to take more, in any case, than the legal interest of 6 per cent., and this is the first tints that it has made use of the new privilege. It now charges 61 per cent, which is within }Per cent. as much as ia taken by the Bank of Engknd Although the novelty of 61 per cent. is naturally not very favourably received by French tradesmen, it seems to be the general opinion that an increase of interest is practically a lees severe measure than a shortening of the time to run for discounted bills would be. At the Bourse the Rente fell 10c, for cadi, and 20e. for account. There was a doubt whether the second telegraphic despatch with the price d Con sols was accurate, and some people affirmed that the price, instead of being 871, as quoted, was only 86j to j. Under the influence of this discussion the Beane closed very heavily at the above prices. Nfobilier fell 12fr. 60c. But little business was done in railways. Western and Southern fell 10fr. each, and the other principal lines from 2fr, 60c. to Ur. A rumour is afloat to-day that Marshal Canrobert is to be appointed French ambassador at Madrid' instead of the Marquis de Turgot. The French go vernment, it is said, is quite at one with Lord Pal merston on the subject of Spanish affairs, and the possible contingencies that may arise out of them. - The Prase of Vienna, the Trieste anette, and a political correspondence, all concur in affirming that on Oct. 2 Lord Stratford de Redctiffs and Baron de Prokesch addrtssed to the Divan a protest against the last elections in Moldavia and Wallachia. This news is denied in official circles in Paris. At all events it is positively asserted that no despatches in any way confirming the statement have been received from M. Thouvenal. The Vienna Journal, however, stater that M. de Thouvenel was very uneasy on account of a note sent by Lord de Redcliffe to Aali Pacha, that he had made several ineffectual efforts to obtain from the Turkish Minister of Foreign Affairs a communication of the contents, and that, although he wss not quite certain about the mat ter, he had on the evening of the 2nd forwarded despatches to his government. The Prase (of Vienna) observes that if it be really true that England and Austria call for the annulment of the last elections, a serious conflict on the question of the Principalities will arise, notwithstanding all that was done at Osborne House, but in the same breath it says that, after the conciliatory meetings of Stnttgardt and Weimar, it is impossible to doubt that the difference will be amicably settled. Letters from India received in Paris state, that on the 7th of July a treaty of commerce and friend ship was signed at Bangkok between the United States and the King of Siam. This treaty, which is in all respects similar to the treaties already con cluded with France and England, was negotiated by Mr. Bradley, who came from New York on board the American war corvette Portsmouth. The same cor respondence says a Russian ship of war was hourly expected at Bangkok with a diplomatist charged to negotiate a treaty with the court of Siam. The Slide calls attention to the impudent frauds which speculators in the credulity of the public are emboldened to commit by the encouragement given by the Roman-catholic priests to the manufacture of miracles. The water of the spring which the church pretends burst forth some ten years ago on the spot where the lying shepherd boys say they saw the virgin, is commonly sold at five francs the quart bottle. A sanctimonious adventurer ham now issued a circular to "all pious children of Mary," soliciting subscriptions to enable him to make a pilgrimage to the Salette, and he kindly and considerately pro mises that as many people cannot afford to bay a whole bottle of the water at the regular price, he will let them have half or a quarter the quantity, or even a fifth part, at a proportionate charge, but in that case "in their own jogs!" Moreover, by way of premium, he undertakes to procure muses to be said for all subscriber, at the church of Notre Dame de la Salette, Notre Dame de Fouvieres at Lyons, and Notre Dame des Vietoires in Paris. This pious bagman furthermore undertakes to ex ecute orders for medals, images, chaplets, wax candles, fix., the money being in all cases duly paid to him befofb he starts on his journey. An other appeal to the pockets of the faithful has just been printed at Valence, and contains the following canticle on behalf of souls in purgatory, set to the air of " J. n'irai plus i l'Opbra :" nuke dire des moues De nos Mau &Wenn Beagea dans Yoe richeseee Ann peewee Impasses. • • • °Ee' des ..mere. Poor noes tirer d'ici ; Recites des each, Et dee prime easel; Qoelques De Anissulis, Dits de oon neer ' None =gent en pansits. Ah t qwl baaboar I SPAIN. The Dories, which yesterday summed up the news of the ministerial crisis in this sentence, " We know that we know nothing," now goes a step further in the way of negation, for it says, with Quevedo "Verily, we know nothing, and yet we cannot be even sure of that, for if we were we should at least know that much." The Iberia of the Bth was seised for the sixth time since the Ist of the month. Three other Ma. drid papers, the Clamor, Estado, and Epoca, have also been seized. Mr QUAKER TIEW 07 TIM INDLAN MUTINY. An influential meeting wee held at Darlington on Mendey, Is pursuance of a requisition to the chief bailiff, to concert measures for assisting the sufferers by the Indian mutiny. Mr. F. Mewet ix, IVN., presided, and the meet ing included Mr. It. H. Allan, a near relative of General Havelock, together with gentlemen of all creeds. Mr. H. PEASE, M.P., moved the first resolution "That this meeting of the inhabitants of Darlington and Its aslghbourhood expresses the deepest sympathy in the anarlags of their fellow countrymen and countrywomen in India, and detestation of the revolting and barbarous out rages of which thby have been the victims." He was sure that the meeting had become toe painfully acquainted with the circumstances which had brought gentlemen together to render it necessary for him to dwell on eases which could only harrow up their deepest feelings of indignation and of sorrow, and which were of an &trod!, almoat unheard of in history. (Hear, hear.) They had met there to prove that they felt a sympathizing wow and • desire aa tar se possible to mitigate - the diode's of thou who had been the victims of so dire a gate of things in India. When the English public was really amend by sor row and distrens, it for the most pert only needed Oat dm channel through which assistsnos ndght be rendered awed be made known and be each es elialanos coaldb e e n caced ; and so long as this matter of dispensing the scold_ the nation was committed to the care of gentlemen Arkin, each as seemed certain Eddy to meet the cases to be, sedated, he had no doubt the confidence of the English public was unlimited; but, if it should hereafter be resolved upon to place the money raised by subscription in the hands of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, he took it that that confidence would be greatly mitigated. (Applause.) He did not may this as in the slightest degree reflecting on the Chancellor himself—a gentleman whom he apprehended they all re spected in his position; but he thought they would agree in this—that, when money was raised by the British public for the purpose of promoting and assisting any benevolent objt, it wen always much more certain to be brought dir ec tly to its destination if transmitted through channels having a feeling in unison with that of the senders, than if dispensed according to the rules of government officials, and through channels ordained as a mere matter of government policy. (Hear, hear.) In moving a resolution with the contents of which be thoroughly agreed, though strongly tempted to animadvert upon the past, he would only expetas his opinion that the time could not be far distant when the Bo :tiah public would no longer submit to have so fair and vast a region governed es India had been, in such a manner as to implicate our character, whether as statesmen, as mer chants, as philanthropists, or as Christians. That subject must at no distant day, come before parliament in all its and breadth, and he felt deeply anxious that the British p le trl i c i should assert their right to have the subjest so oon ddered se that we should not again hear of famines and other horror., but of a country governed me it should be while under British role —prosperous in its mercantile relatloos, and its raters having an eye to the spreading of that religion which could alone effectually bless that vast region. (Ap ?suss). The Rey. J. O. PEARSON seconded the resolution. He congratulated the county of Durham on having teen leged to send forth a man (General Havelock) whom God seemed to have appointed as the champion of the distressed, a man who wee not only admired as a general, bat whose character as a Christian stood above reproach. (Applause.) We might be sure that not only would our soldiers be led to victory by the brave and gallant Havelock, but that victory in his heads would not be disgraced by outrages, or our sol diers imitate the atrocities of those against whom they fought. (Hear, hear.) Let not this admiration, or the sym pathy which all would readily express, be that of the lip only, for our soldiers would fight better and more nobly If they felt assured that the nation would care for those whom they held most dear. (Applause.) The resolution wee carried arm eon. Mr. H. K. SPARK moved— " That in order to make the meeting's expression of sym pathy material, each Individual in the town and neighbour hood should do hie or her utmost to raise • subscription for relieving the wants of the bereaved, and for stimulating our brave soldiers by the assurance of sympathy at home." The Hey. It. J. Stapoox seconded the motion , which, together with others of a formal nature, was passed unar - ri: mouel Idr. y. JOSEPH PRASE (late M.P.), in moving a vote of thanks to the chairman, vote at some length on Indian affair,. As an Englishman, he took shame to himself for the way in which we had abused our power over 150,000,000 of Mimeo beings. It bad been his lot to sit for many years in the House of Commons, and say he felt shame as an Englishman that while the small.st and meet trivial per sonal dispute would bring houses of from 300 to 600 mem ber!, and while senators would sit patiently to hear the cavilling, and personal piques and prejudices of individual; Lord Gleneig and other. whom he had himself assisted found it the most difficult thing in the world to keep forty members together on a subject affecting the interests of mil lions. But the time was coming when England would say to her representatives and her government that if ebe was to have the shame and disgrace of misrule she would at any rate inquire into the cause. (Applanas.) He most sincerely hoped no gentleman would pus from that meeting under the impression that he had only to relieve his distressed fellow-countrymen and to say to the men whose profession it was to brave death in every pr - sable shape, •We pity and sympathies with you: that was not the end. (Hear, bear.) The agriculture of India ought long ago to have made us independent of that cotton supply with which the United States vauntingly flouted us in the fare when we spoke ageing her abominable traffic in homes flesh and blood, end of the sugar supply from all the slave labour in the world. But Indian agricul ture had been shamefully overlooked. In religious matters it had been worse, and the state of things was such as no government could long maintain provided a Christian people knew how to do its duty. He had no desire to coerce, but if the native Indian wanted to burn widows or murder children in the name of religiou he would certainly prevent hire. (Applause.) And then as to our general policy. The telegraph had just brought bhn the news that the Bank of England would henceforth exert 7 per cent. from our manufacturers and trader, and this was another result of misrule in India. A b ias-book informed him that 1,000 millions sterling bad been drawn from India with out any return on earth that he could ascertain, and it was still true, he feared, that if our rule term to-morrow, there would be no monument of that rule remaining which could turn to our credit. India was universally pointed at as a proof of our incapacity to govern ; but let not the widow and orphan suffer for that. (Applause.) A subscription was commenced in the room. The vene rable Edward Pease (father of railways) sent a donation of 151. in a letter In which he requested its application to the relief of the widows and orphans of civilians. He sympa thized with those belonging to the military rank, but in choosing their profession they knew what was before them, and he could not in any way countenance an employment forbidden by the Saviour. After the reading of this letter the meeting broke up. COURT OP ALDERMEN: The following interesting conversation took place yesterday in the Court of Aldermen The LoRD MAYOR—Thin remind. me of a m►tter of pri vilege. The crown has each year been intim habit of end ing eight buck. to the Lord Mayor. This year I have not had them, although I have applied for them. (Laughter.) Alderman Rose—l never had the Lucks to which I was entitled forwarded to me, when I woe sheriff (Laughter.) Alderman COPELAND—It in a will known fact that the aldermen are very fond of venison, and therefere it is hard to cut it off. The corporation is in the habit of providing livery for the officers of state, and I would suggest that as they have atopped the venison we should atop the clothing. (Much laughter and "so, no.") The Lord Mayor—The Recorder gays he has never had hie three bucks. The Recorder—lt Le perhaps important that it should be known that this is not a mere privilege granted, but it in an absolute right. Formerly the citirerm of London had the right of hunting in the royal kends, and it was then agreed that in lien of their hunting in the royal forests a certain amount of venison should be sent to the officers of the cor poration. Therefore this was oampounding a legal right which the officers of the corporation possess. It is not a mere rift of the crown ; but it is a composition in lien of an encient right. (Hear, bear.) UNIVERSITY COLLEGE.—The Seaton was opened yesterday, when Professor Cressy, A.M., delivered en in troductory address on the seientihc and practical study of history, before • numerous audicaos, composed of the students and their fiends. The learned professor stared that during the seventeen years in which be had held the professorship of history in the college he had often been asked by strangers end students what was the best mode of learning history. This had induced him to inquire into the precise object and proper subdivision of history, treating it as • arra To the student of history • question rose apes the very threshold of the subject, and that was, what was meant by history? The word ass used to designate knowledge obtained by inquiry, the result of inquiry, and the book which contained the knowledge so acquired. History, however, was not only[the knowledge which was the result of inquiry into the past, but was that description of knowledge which, while it informed no of the past, served also to throw light upon the present, and guide us through the future. It was not only necessary fur the student to ' acquire a knowledge of past erects, but it was also name- rry that he should know not only what happened but how ' it happened, end whether what had been done had been well dons. Lord Bolingbroke had declared that man was the true subject of every history. True history, therefore, might be said to deel not only with human actions sad events, but events closely connected with human actions. He recommended those who wished to study history to keep these objects in view:—First, a clear knowledge of what has pored; secondly, • clear judgment am to that know ledge ; and, thirdly, the instruction to be derived thence as to the present end the future. The energetic men sad the elms or of human nature, was beat calculated to m eted in the study of history, as the everyday events of life rapidly became matter of history. That which was in the newspapers to-day became mistrial for the historian to morrow. The learned professor having teased the great Thucydidean division., concluded by pointing out those sub jects of study which, in his opinion, were best calculated to qualify the student fer the high dmiee which belonged to the reasoning, the educated, and the moral man. THE PRINCIPALITIES. The Etoik du Danube mays :—" According to a telegraphic despatch from Bucharest, the deputies to the Divan ad hoc of Wallachia may be classified as follows for their political opinions, their adhe sion, however, to the wish far the union being ge neral :—Liberal progresaieta, 68; conservatives, 26; partisans of the ex-hospodars, 18 ; total, 101. Another classification is as follows:—National party, properly so called, 64; patriots of 1848, 19 ; partisans of the Prince Caimacan, 11 ; deputies of the peasants, not clarified, 17; total, 101. As the number of deputies is only 102, no very material change from the above can take place." THE MONETARY CRISIS AT HAMBURG. (nom ors OWN CONRUPONDINT.) HAMBURG, Ocr. 10. The intelligence which has just been received of the advance in the minimum rate of discount by the Bank of England has had a greater effect here than it appears to have bad in London, where, perhaps, it had been more surely anticipated. It is almost impossible to procure cash for even the best paper at a lower rate than 7i per cent. per annum, while for any other description there is actually no quotation. Core of all kinds daily becomes more scarce; and, as the various blinking establishments throughout Ger many have their hands full of railway, mining, and similar shares, on which they have made ad vances, they cannot afford the usual accommo dation to the mercantile and manufacturing inte rests in their various districts, so that all have recourse to this city, as the monetary metropolis of the North of Europe, and the supply of our local wants consequently becomes more and more difficult from these extraneous demands. The appearance at such a time of the prospectus for a Swedish loan to enable the government of that country to construct the main lines of railway has, under such circum stances, been very inopportune, and these northern financiers will find th►t they committed a great mistake when they did not accede to terms required by our capitalists for the same purpose last year, as they will not now be eo liberally dealt with. On this occasion, besides, they . wish to have all the favourable alternations in their own power, while the lenders are to be precluded from deriving benefit from any advantageous turn which may take place in the money markets of Europe. As it is not probable that the application here will prove successful to any extent, the demand will in all likelihood be shortly transferred to London, where, in the present state of matters, it is not to be supposed that it will meet with a more favourable reception ; but it is a difficult matter to persuade such borrowers that, even with the demand for money there for the suppression of the Indian muti nies, and for Britain's own other more immediate purposes, there is not at all times enough to be had there to supply the wants of all who may have occa sion to apply to them for aid in every emergency, and the Increase in the rate of discount at this time may have the effect of enlightening them on this subject. 4 DAY OP SUICIDES. (Frost Gelegessi of yesterday.) Several somewhat singular attempts at suicide were made yesterday (Monday). An elderly man flung him al( headforcmost from the roof of an omnibus in the Rue de (Lento de and severely iejured himself ; he was recornised se an inhabitant of the neighbourhood, and it ap peared that he had attempted .elf-destruction from • diaap isointment in love.—A lire was discovered in the wart of • house in the Ruo St. /AMR, and when some pssaoea went :co the spot they found the door cloud. A foreihis entrance taring been effected, the occupier of the genet, a foot run to • gentleman residing in the house, woe seen ly big in the bed In the midst of flames. The con &potion was promptly eltingulahed, and the man, who was dreadfully buniecl, was taken to the hospital. It appeared that be had conceived a violent pumice foe his waitress., bad made • declaration to her, and had been in dignantly repelled; whereupon he had determined to commit auricle and idler thinking until be was almost stupefied,had se; fire to his bed. An artillery soldier, on • visit to by brother at Vaugirard, having been rejected by a young woman for whom he had conceived a union, locked him self in his room with some pane of charcoal, end then threw himself on the bed to await death. Hut he forgot to close a hole In the door, and the air coming through it fanned the charcoal into • blare, which set flee to the bed curtains. The eight of the flames dissipated the man's ideas of suicide, and jumping up he attempted to leave the room ; but he had locked himself In, and could not bad the boy. He shouted for help, the door wee forced open, and he was rescued. He wee only slightly burned, but the fire could not be eitingniahed until it had dose considerable damage.—A water-ourier, living in the Faubourg Montmartre, having learned of the bankruptcy of a man to whom he had lent the eavings of his life, wee re duced to despair, and he went to the fortifications at La Cha pelle, and threw himself into the fusee. He was found by • passer-by lying in • deplorable state, and wu conveyed to the hospital - In addition to these attempts at snick* two cases of self-destruction occurred yesterday: one was of a German workman, who hanged himself in his lodgings In the Rue du Temple; the other was of a literary man res ., id . Z in the Rue d' Ender, who tot his throat in a delirium by a nervous malady. The Milan and Venice railway wee inaugurated on the 12th. . _ _ -- --- The telegraphic intelligence received from India is considered favourable to the British ranee by the Debate, which expresses itself in the following terms The general state of things remains doubtless the same; but it most not be overlooked that, in the respective positions of the ball gerenta the simple status quo to en advantage for England, end that time silo fights her battles. The date of the 17th September gives the largest importance to the despatch, for it is amends' to remember that the greater portion of the rein lon:entente from England see expected to an In to India by the end of that month. On the snivel of the latter th Mangle will be placed on en entirely fresh footing, and win: we have no doubt, result in the decisive succor of England. This date, we repeat, gives to the sews we have received • particular eigritleanie and a real importance." THE Ray. DR. LIVINGSTONE IN LIVERPOOL. LIVERPOOL TELEDAY.—This celebrated traveller addressed • public m eeting, called by the African Ageociation to the Cotton Sales-room, this afternoon. The mayor, Francis Shand, Esq., presided. After a brief introdurii,m from the mayor, the rev. doctor at considerable length detailed his travels in Southern Africa, hie experience of the different tribes, and urged the development of the not resources of that continent. The seticls of production, especially °piton, the short supply of which is ending much attention, called forth much approbation from a very crowded asrembly. The president of the African Association, T. B. Horsfall, Esq., M.P., in a few practical remarks moved, and Christopher Bushell. Esq., vice-president, seconded, • vote of thanks to Dr. Livingstisne, which was tented by soclaniation end duly srhnowtedeed. A vote of thanks to the mayor, proposed by the Rev. Dr. Rates, and seconded by the Rev. H. D.D., concluded the proceeding. FRIENDLY SOCIETIES.—A small blue-book of 80 gages . contains the report of the Registrar of Friendly Societies in England. There spews, in 1856, to have been, In the whole of the United Kingdom, 9,046 depositors is friendly societies, the amount of whose investments was 1,408,9621., being et average of 1531. for each depositor. Including the sagaisbanks and charitable sienna, the number of depositors is raised to I 341,6721, and the amount of deposits to 34,946,0121., making average deposit of 261. fur each person. There see friendly societies to direct account with the ISlatimri! Debt Commissioners. It is ehown, by comparative tables, that the number of depoitors in savings-banks Y flve times more than the number of persona entitled to dividends cm the public debt, and that in molars beaks there were 186,362 depositors, whose average was 6s. each, end that then were 619,208 depositors (nearly one moiety) whose Invesinseeds were under 101. each, and that of the number of perms entitled to dividends 92,206 received under 101. seek 43 287 more than 101., but under 201., and 89,601 men th: a t but under 1001., so that out of 268,995 perinea who dividends 225,093 were under 100'. per =sum. In savings beeks the number of depositors whose investments exceeded 2001, woe only 1,619, and the number of persons mealving dividend. exceeding 4,0001. per RIM= only 227. Friendly societies of some kind or otter apperir to exist in most of the civilised countries of . the matins= of Europe. NATAL AND MILITARY. (TAOM LAST !boats oAsarra.) ---- - - - WAR-OFFICE, PALL-MALL, OCT. 18. Royal Artillery.—The undermentioned Codas. to be Lieutenants: Edward James Walker, Edward Ont manney Holliat, Fred. Swains Le Once, Henry Montague Horier, Thomas Bramston Hamilton, Arthur Hamilton Gorgee, Thomas Charles Price, Willlaua Francis Moore Irtutchinam,Albert ThorntonWodekonee,Clinton Heywood Sabine Palley, John Philip Nolan, Osmond Francis Le Mottle, Henry Werlderburn %wk.. Patrick Fit:Gerald oallwev, Bwidle Atkinson, Charles Henry Fairfax John Fletcher Owen, Jahn Egerton Gubbina Alex ender Ramsay Cirlitak, John Hsathfleld Stratton, Walter George Stirltog, James Robert Davies Cooke, Ed ward Smith Gowton, Francis Thomas Lloyd, Richard Henry Denny Vi v ian, George James Gill* George Ca mino Strawy., Renry pe t e Llohn Vaughan Le Merchant Thomas, Cr »twills George Conrad Thom eortoritia, Henry Francis Phillpotts, H enry Miles Burgess, Dwell Robert 'Jag% Archibald William Idontgomerie, Thomas ChalFaier Martelli, John Charles D Urban Murray, Arttar John Rent, Henry Movers Mooreom, George Busman. STAFF. :Beret Colonel Edward LWitild, 6.8., 29th Foot, deputy adjutant-general to the forces in Bombay, to be sdistsnt- Mbto the forces serving In the But ladies , vioe ck, promoted to be marr-general. ADMIRALTY, Ocr. 6. Carps of Royal Marius.—Second Lieutenant Charles Hugh Sundt:midge to be first lieutenant, rice Crichall, placed on halt-pay. THE MILITIA. medal= signed by the Lord Lietiiimants of their respec tive counties: Ito* South Lincoln hfilti;LTltivTaid Crockford, gent., to be assign. Warwickshire Yeomanry Cavalry—Cornet Philip Wykebam Martin to be captain, vice Captain Darwin Galton, re signed; Charles Fethernane Dllke, gent., to be cornet, vice the Hon. Edward Chandoa Leigh, promoted. Warwickshire Militia, let Regiment—Edmund Gunn Con ingharne, gent., to be ensign, rice John Robert Breeden, resigned. Queu, OwnOxfordshire Yeomanry Cavaby—Mejor George Augustus Predirlo Viscount VMlu. to be lieutenant colonel, vios Lord Churchill, promoted; Adjutant Lord Alfred Spencer Churchill, M.P., to be realm, vice Visxnuit Villiers, promoted. Oxfordshire Militia—Ensign Edmond Whitley Severna to be lieutenant, vice Cole, promoted; Ensign Edward Cecil Braun to be lieutenant, vice Harrison, promoted; Ensign hots rick Walter Aston, to be lieutenant, vice Crawley, retired; Henry Moody, gent., to be lieutenant, vice Garstin, retired. Royal Berke Milida—Ensign Charlee Stuart Wales to be lieutenant, vice Maitluid, promoted. 2nd or Edmonton Royal Ride Regiment of Middlesex Militia —Francis Stanley Maxwell Stephens, gent., to be lieute nant, vine Perry, resigned. The commission of Ensign. Charles Rivers Wilson ill cancelled from the let October instant. 3rd or Royal Westminster Regiment of Middle. sex Militia—Charles Thornton Townohend, gent., to be ensign, vice Welds, promoted. 4th or Royal South Middlesex Regiment of Militia—Lieutenant Marmaduke Constable to be captain, vice Parker, appointed adjutant; Ensign Horace William Scriven to be lieutenant, vice Constable, promoted. West York Rifle Regiment of Militia--Ensign Edward Clayton, to be lieutenant, vice Hebden, resigned. 6th Regiment of West York Militia—Lientenant Godfrey Ed ward Allister Radcliffe, to be captain, vice Smith, resigned. Leicestershire Militia—Hercules Alterman, Esq., to be lieu tenant; Charles Frederick Powell, Esq., to be lieutenant; Henry Bickley, Esq., to be lieutenant; John Homy Bryan, Esq., to be lieutenant. Roca Csithnees, Sutherland, and Cremarty Regiment of Militia—Kenneth Macleay, Esq., to be major. Dumfries, Roxburgh, end Selkirkshire Regiment of Militia —John Cockburn, Esq., late of the 63rd Regiment, to be lieutenant, vice Doda, resigned; Thomas Hugh Dalrymple Hay, Reg to be ensign, vice Cavendiali, resigned; i William Mtchell, Esq., to be ensign, vice Thomson, prov moted ; Stuart Mitchell, Esq., to be ensign, vice Bloke, resigned ; Lynch Bolingbroke, Esq., to b e ensign, vice Mitchell, promoted. ADMIRALTY, OCT. 13.—APPOINTMENT.—O0111- mender F. C. Herbert (1866), to be inspecting commander of the Gast Gonad , vice Bkiprith, whose time is expired. WOOLWICH, Ocr. 13. This afternoon at 5 o'clock the regiment of Ox. fordehlre Kilitte, commiehur upwards of 700 officers and men, under the command of Colonel Bowles, arrived at Woolwich by railway. CHATHAM, Oct. 18. The keel of a large Bret-class 91-gun screw steamer, to be named the Atlas, has been laid down at No. 6 slip, the same ma that on which the Renown, 91, *crew steamer. was recently launched. The depot of the 98th Regiment, numbering 120 men dal ranks, under the command of Captain E. Grantham and Captain J. D. Downing, arrived at this garrison at a late hour last night, from Cork, the service companies having embarked for India. The depot is attached to the 2nd Battalion. Orders were this morning received from the War•oMois for the 10th and Nat companies of Royal Engineers to leave headquarters to-morrow and embark at the dockyard for conveyance to Alexandria, whence they will ; roceed to Cal cutta by Om overland route. The whole of their arms, as and sapping and mining implements have been packed in cases for the purpose of being placid on board the steamer. The companies are expected to rcu'h Calcutta early in December. Nearly the whole of the Sappers and Mimes who embark for India are &coated Inth the Crimean medal. FUNERAL OF THE LATE EARL FITZWILLIAM.—. The remains of this noblemen were removed from Went worth House, near Rotherham, on Monday evening. Al though it was the expressed with of the family that the pro ceedings should be conducted with as much privacy as possible, it is calculated there were not lame than 1,000 persons congregated about the mansion. At balf•pan 9 o'clock the mortal remains of the deceased earl. which were enclosed in a plain but massive col lo were brought out of the house, and placed in an ordin ary hearse, drawn by four black hones. Mr. Massey, theists earl's private secretary, and some of the principal of of the household, entered a and the procession then moved sway at a slow pl: " k i ; i n Wath station of the South Yorkshire Railway. 'The night wee extremely dark, and a solemn effect was given to the mournful cortege by the tolling of the belle in the churches at Wentworth, Molten, and Wath, as the procession passed along the secluded road from Wentworth Park. Many of the villagers came out of their houses with lantern, to witness the last of the noble earl who wee greatly esteemed by the poor in the neighbourhood. The hearse and attend ants arrived at Wath at eleven o'clock. where a special train provided by the of of the Great Northern Company was in readiness to convey the fennel vehicles to Peterborough, on their way to Merholm, Northamptonshire, the place se lected for interment. The train connoted of engine and ten der, two break vane, two first-clan coaarrrr ir aaggecse., three trucks for the hearse and carriages, and six horse•boxs. The train arrived at Peterborough at about three o'clock yesterday morning. The members of the deceased nobleman's family left Wentworth for Milton House, near Peterborough, on Monday, to be in median's to pay the last rites to their de ceased relative. The interment took place yesterday (Tues day) in the family vault at Marholm. THE LATE OUTRAGE ON THE EASTERN COUR TIRE RAILWAY.-011 the examination of Profaner Rogers, who was struck by the nom thrown at the dow a n ce e r = train near Wymcmelham on Friday wr it was that the lower jaw-bone had been splintered, and that the upperjaw had received a severe fracture. Had the stone struck the temple the injury, in all probability, would have been fatal. We hear that the injured gentleman is progresdng towards recovery in a very satiofsetory manner. The chair man of the Boatmen Counties Railway has written to the mayor, expressing bit deep concern at the melancholy accident. He had himself visited the spot, and made et e moat search ing inquiry, and the company had offered a reward of 101. on conviction, and despatched a special policeman to watch the spot.—Bury sod A oncida Post. THE ERUPTION OF MOUNT VESUVIUS.—A letter from Naples of the 4th says We have just had one of the finest eruptions of Vesuvius possible to he seen. To wards seven at night the crater appeared all on fire, long names suddenly arose from it, then the lava gushed forth, on a very broad whew and with great rapidity, in the direction of the Fosse Della Faraene, and in less than three hours it had run over all the distance that eeparates the crater from the Attro dal Cavallo, the place where stand the Vethvian Observatory and the famous hermitage orl 4 ch series as a refuge tor travellers of all countries, for no ' foreigner comes to Naples without making the ascent of Vesuvius. Thanks to the fine mountain road that the ' government has made, one amends easily in three hours. All the quays of Naples were thronged with people ad miring this beautiful eruption." The chief magistrate of Vienna has just given no , tit that the general census of the population throughout the whole of the empire will commence on the 31st inset. EXTRAORDINARY MURDER IN SPAIN.—The Madrid papers give en account of a horrible a ff air run couple, belonging to somewhat wealthy families of Mote del Marques, in the province of Valladolid, were eight days ago, married, and their parents gave a grand feast, to which, in accordance with the central of the country, any one was free to go. When the festivity was at its height, a man, belonging to the village, stalked into the house, and, after growl/ • insulting t he bridegroom, told the bride that obi t ought not to marry, as she had had intimate relations with • him. This created great sandal, and ho was tuned out ; of the house. An hoar after, aa the bride, accompanied by a her mother, her brother, and some female friends, was pro • seeding to the house which had been prepared for her and a her husband, the man suddenly rushed on her from the on o ner of a street and stabbed her twice with a poisnord in the • breast—she fell dead. Her brother rustled on the moue; t bat ha broke from him, stabbed him twice with the po4nerd - and took to flight. The wounds were found to be veryyrars. end the next day the young man died. The emu= won subsequently arrested ; be manifested savage joy at what he had dons. Brc aca bar bar owi i