The Express. — London, England, 1851-10-20 00:00:00

FRANCE. PARIS, SATVIIDIT EVENING. I mer.tioncd a day or two ago that M. liillault had replied to the advances made to him to under take the formation of a cabinet in terms so cold as to imply a refusal. At that time this respectable republican of the centre gauche shade, whose opinions bear a close resemblance to those of M. de Lamar tine, was in the country, but, notwithstanding his reluctance to accept office, he set out immediately for Paris, where he arrived vesterdav afternoon. M. Bataille, a member of the President's household, came immediately upon M. Billault's arrival to fetch him off to the Elyske, where he had a long conference with the President. The result of this interview is not yet distinctly known. But the fact seems to point clearly to an intention in the President to plant himself upon republican ground, a policy the more renilrkable as he has hitherto in all his speeches carefully avoided all mention of the word " Republic." M. Billault, although a member of the Constituent Assembly for the Loire-Infkrieure, has not been re turned to the legislature. It is reported that he will be brought forward es the government candidate for the Seine, should he accept the Ministry of the 1 site rior. No sufficient explanation of the motives of M. Corlitr's retirement has yet transpired. But it seems pretty certain that ho will be continued in his func tions until the formation of the new cabinet. M. de Nlaupas, picket of the Haute-Garonne, had been summoned from Toulouse, and arrived in Paris, apparently- with the view of being appointed prefect of police. But M. Leon Faucher is said to have demurred to the separation of Cartier from the prefecture before his own definitive removal from the ministry of the in terior. 31. Berger, the prefect of the Seine, is represented by some, who affect intimacy with the views of the Elyske, to have shown, by sticking to his place, an adherence to the pre sidential pulley which has been productive of some embarrassment, as u sort of promise had been given to a relative of Vie president, M. Arrighi de Padoue, ; to instal him, in case of the contemplated vacancy, at the Hotel de Ville. NI. Dupin is expected in Paris ' this evening, and will, I believe, preside at the ex traordinary sitting of the committee of permanence, to be held to-morrow. A report is current that some of the electors of Paris intend to bring forward NI. Cartier, as candi date at the next deetion for the department of the Seine. The declaration of the 11th of October may be interpreted us the refusal on the part of the executive power to use the arms placed at its disposal for en forcing obedience to the laws, in order to exclude from the electoral urns three millions of voters dis franchised fur the advantage of a parry bent on his own destruction. Without that force, of which the executive alone disposes, the law cannot be executed. To expect that Louis Napoleon will act as the servant of the party el order in direct opposition to his own interests, in order to be dismissed with ingratitude for his pains, is neither modest nor reasonable. No thing can describe the President's position better than the title bestowed on him of head of the part y of order. But as the maintenance of order is the greatest service which can be rendered to France, so it is the last to be repaid with that shameless in gratitude which would violate the principles of coin- Ilion justice in nailing upon the President the dis qualification contained in the 43th article. Nothing can be plainer than that the later policy of both Orlcaniste and legitimists has been, ever since the law of May was passed, one of faction, treachery, and relentless hostility. They have stinted his allowance, censured his cabinets, and combated by ceaseless neuneuvres and intrigues the possibility of a renewal of his powers. Under these circumstances it is difficult to see what Louis Napoleon could do but give this royalist coalition the best practical proof that, without his support, their greatest achieve ments amounted to nothing, and throw himself frankly into the republican ground which they had so completely abandoned. Girardin reports that the President intends to leave the initiative of proposing revision to the Assembly. This would certainly be a triumphant answer to those who accuse Louis Napoleon of giving up the law of May, as the price of the support of the republicans towards revision. In fact, the President sees that all parties arc more or less interested in reforming the constitution, while the chief benefit which can accrue to himself is the repeal of a dis qualification which might become a source of greater danger for the state than for his own re-election. The eunatitutionnel has been stirred by the meet ing at the London Tavern on the 14th into betraying the jealous resistance of French diplomacy to the Egyptian railroad. The English government, it says, is evidently quite disposed to allow its hand to be . foreed, and will encourage meetings which push it in the direction of its inclination. But not the lead will this scheme encounter serious difficul ties abroad. The powers of Europe are all in terested in preventing one of them from obtaining an exclusive interest in Egypt. This consideration was it that caused to be signed the treaty of July 13, 1810, against France. By pressing the question of the Egyptian railroad will not England excite the same distrust of which France was then the object? In another passage, the same article states that it is by no means surprising that the powers cannot be hold with an indifferent eye that England seeks to attribute to herself in a way moreorlese • the monopoly of a passage through the isthmus o Suez, the opening of which interesta the prosperity of all states and the trade of the whole world. Great Britain sets about confiscating this passage to her own profit, without previous concert with the other govern ments, and is then surprised at the resistance she meets with. Such astonishment would he very simple if it were not acted. Such is the gist of this article, which reveals the hostility we must count on from I.'rance and the other European powers in the pro ject of connecting the two seas—a work which has been dreamed of since the Pharaohs, and flattered the imaginations of Alexander and Napoleon. Great satisfaction is expressed at the number of prizes awarded to French contributors to the great earshitice with the welfare of the community, exclu sion -tumid he adopted is the great practical question. In representative. two different qualifications are required : he should, in the first place, desire to do he should, in the second, poetess the intelli gence needed to choose the right course, as well as wish to pursue it. 11e should, in other words, be honest and instructed. A well-intentioned tbol is notoriously more likely to be mischievous than an intelligent knave. We may assume in political discussion, that men will mime, what they diem their interest, and we shall find that we have done our utmost to secure an bout st House of Commons, if we make their inte rests and those of the nation at large identical—as re gards the security of person, property, and reputa tion. If we contrive to render it for the interest of the representative body to secure against attack, the person of every unoffending subject—to protect every one in the enjoyment of the property he has honestly acquited --and the reputation that is fairly due to him—we have iusured. in as far as by human con trivance anything can be said to be insured, an ho nestly intentioned conduct on the part of that repre sentative body. The word interest" is unfortun ately misleading—and we find Mr. Hume employing it in a manner that cannot fail to induce doubt and perplexity. " Our institutions," he says. " therefore to answer the purpose of good ScsDAY EVZNINO. govelllTlliellt must be changed. The landed interest The Committee of Permanence met to-day, but must. therefore. no longer oppress the commercial there were fewer members than was expected. No and minufacturing interest, and it was with this debate took place ; and the sitting passed in conver view that he was anxious to have the House of Com- tuition. All were ag.reed that the crisis to be re moans ieformed." From this we are to understand solved in 15.32 had already commenced, and that the that so long as the landed interests were the majority alliance of Louis Napoleon with the democratic party. of the nation. they might properly oppress the can- which must take place in spite of his engagements to morcial and manufacturing interests. But surely, uphold conservatism, could only be combated by the this is to misconceive the end and object of govern- greatest energy and the closest union on the part of sent, and to misunderstand altogether the meaning the majority. There was talk of forming a great of the word interest. We are not to look upon the conservative league, to be represented by a parlia interest of the shoemakers as opposed to that of the mentary club, composed of all the fractions of the tailors, of the manufacturers of cotton goods. as majority, against the ambitious policy disclosed by different from and opposed to that of the woollen the President in his declaration oldie 14th October. manufacturers—and endeavour to have each in- Concerning the conferences of M. Billault with tamest represented in the House of Corn- the President several conflicting reports are cireu mons. For, if this is to be the rule, where is lated by the papers, all equally devoid of foundation. the process to end? At length we should come to I can, however, state from a good source that in the the large body of mere labourers without any perti- several interviews which M. Billault has had with eular calling--and these would probably be the Louisliapolcon the conversation has turned upon majority -and because the majority their interest tions of general policy, and not upon questions of per would then be justified in oppressing all the others. sons, and that if nothing has been concluded nego- But such is not the end aim of government. tiations have not yet been suspended. I give, with- Good . government secures to each man, while in the out being able to confirm them, the following re pursuit of his own happiness, security against ports :—The &bats says that. it was generally aggression. It allows him not to attack 'others ; it rumoured last night that the negotiations entered into will nut allow others to attack him. It permits in- with M. Billault for the formation of a cabinet dividual exertion to obtain its full reward : that had failed. The Union states that it was announced which it has produced it is enabled to enjoy; and thus that M. Billault had returned to Nantes. The Mrs the intlystrious and honest have all the same interest, sayer says that M. Billault demanded that the Pre no matter what may be their calling. But if we give sident should withdraw his candidature for the pre irresponsible power to a few, thee then cease to have sidcnev in 1852. The Sic& affirms that M. Billault sods an interest. To plunder tin rest of the core- held that the abrogation of the law of May 31, would At the Bourne the Fives rose sc., and closed at 90.30. The 'flirk.vs closed at 65.70, with a rise of 10c. THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 20, 1851. be spoiled by mixing it up with revision, and that the President ought to abandon the initiative of the latter. Others report that M. Billault was fa vourable to extensive changes in the electoral law, but was not prepared to Foliage its entire abolition. One thing is certain, that 3IM. Fould and Baroche have taken their departure, the former for Fontaine bleau, and the latter for Meulan. M. Billault is an eminent advocate of Nantes. In the Chamber of Deputies he was a violent opponent of the policy of M. Ouizot, particularly as regarded the entente eordiale with England. I n 1842 he chiefly contributed to the withdrawal of the treaty admitting the right of search for the suppression of the s'ave trade; and he was one of the leading speakers who stormed about the Pritchard indem nity. Appointed representative of the Loire-Infe rieure in the Constituent, he made a speech on the droit au trarail, with which the President is said to have been greatly struck, and to have exclaimed on that occasion that Billault would one day be his minister. a e T a o b t a h e e t re may p o r t b that a add 3 e I d . a ß a i 1 0 1 t a h u e l r t h w a hi s d e h e c I am e c t o form aa lly unable to confirm, that M. Senard, the former Presi dent of the Constituent, has been sent for. It is now considered that the late ministers have scarcely the smallest chance of returning to power; neither is there any greater probability of earlier resuming his post as prefect of police. The deter mination of Louts Napoleon is regarded with great apprehension at Berlin and V ienna, and it is said that the northern powers are resolved to arm and concentrate a large force of observation on the French frontier. More than ever these courts, as well as the lope himself, desire to see Rome delivered from the alarms attending a French garrison, and the pros pect of a complete change of policy. The return to universal suffrage is already regarded as achieved. In fact, the majority of 483 by which the restrictions were voted in `lay, 1850, are now thoroughly - convinced that even if they op posed, without the defection of a single vote, the President's proposal to abrogate the law, such a course might indeed lead to civil war be tween the powers, but could bo of no practical effect in assuring its execution. Nothing short of that force of which the executive alone disposes, can ex clude the three millions of disfranchised electors from the polls. The President's decision of the 14th Oct. implicitly , refuses the co-operation of the executive power to enforce obedience to a statute proposed by his own minister, Baroche, carried by an immense parliamentary majority, and ratified with his own sign-manual. In the face of that implicit refusal, the notion of the law being executed, even if main tained by a fresh vote of the Assembly, has been abandoried by everybody. It is therefore given up; and it is thought that the abrogation, pure and simple, will be voted. But on the other hand, upon this d eed of the President, which they regard as un plicit high treason, the majority will rest their deter mination to refuse revision. They will insist upon maintaining the disqualification of the 45th article, because Louis :Napoleon has failed in his highest duty as chief magistrate, which is to en force the execution of the law. The policy of the lanjority . to exclude the candidature of Louis Napo leon is vigorously assailed in an article of the Candi tationnel, headed "Restricted Eligibility." The As sertibMe Nationale says that the dissensions of the fractions of the party of order are not so wide as people might think, and will disappear before an imminent peril. Is it not time, it asks, to oppose to their policy of private calculation and usurpation the policy of abnegation and union ? Strange reports have reached the same paper from beyond the Rhine. The revolutionary tendency manifested in the high regions of power has thrown serious alarm into the midst of Europe. The eventualities of war, excited by democracy, are foreseen, and armaments and levies of contingents are spoken of. If the moderate par ties do not become masters of the situation by their union, France will perhaps be placed in the necessity of combating anarchy within, and making war abroad. Girardin declares that although he detests the principle of the democratic conclave, he takes the engah•ement to submit to their fiat in the selection of a candidate fur the presidency, should the law of the 31st of May not be abrogated. But if universal suffrage be restored, he claims for every - democrat entire independence in his vote. In time of war, discipline; but in peace, liberty. The Siee'e admits that the law of May 31 is sirtually abrogated. Never theless, it will not vote revision. The reason is evident ; the exclusion of Louis Napoleon gives eavaignac a chance. The Nat lanai, with reference to organising the choice of a democratic candidate, takes for granted the unrestricted exercise of uni versal suffrage in 1832. M. Theodore Duos has been sent for to Bordeaux, by telegraphic despatch. proverbial, and whose ambition is only equalled by his avidity, he has reason to fear that these two men will not be satisfied with governing under another, and that their activity will soon be employed in underminingtheir colleague. In this trance, placed as he is between tleylla and Charybdis, Bravo Murillo !hoe been finessing in order to gain time, and act ac cording to circumstances, sometimes flattering Queen Christina and her husband, whose increased coldness towards him is remarked by the whole court, at other times promising the future ministers the speedy signing of their appointments. The pretext for de laying these appointments has been the question of the emba.sy to Paris, which is promised to the Mar quis of Ikliraflores, and concerning which it has been necessary to consult Donoso Cortes. In the mean while the Duke of Itianzares is preparing to set out for France, and in his absence it is possible that Bravo Murillo may be able to induce Queen Christina to allow of further postponement. At all events, it appears that some determination must be soon made, for the Cortes are about to assemble, and the three candidates for power arc not 111C11 to be trifled with when in opposition. For the opening of the Cortes, several important measures are being got ready. Amongst others the bill concerning the press is one of the first to be brought in. Pacheco and another member of the committee will move several amend ments in its stages through the house. The budget will not be discussed till December, and during that time the minister, according to his custom, will be enabled to put otf the opposition which he expects. ITALY. TUSCANY. FLORENCE, Ocr. 13. GER M ANY. FRANKFORT. The following semiofficial rhapsody appears in the columns of the Journal de Frani:hist of the 18th idttant : - —..-.—, The official Gazette, 11 Motaiture Maoism, contains to-day three decrees of high importance, suppressing entirely the importance of the Tuscan Minister of War, and putting the entire control of the military resources of the grand-duchy into the hands of Austria. The first decree is as follows : ---- The affairs of France again present a threatening aspect. Revolution will break out afresh if the President throws himself into the arms of universal suffrage. No one can doubt that in this case M. Louis Bonaparte will only be nn instrument in the hands of democracy, which he will then be unable to keep under. We have said in a previous article that the northern powers were far from meddling in any way in the internal affairs of France. If this country is to be a prey to anarchy it must undergo the consequences of such a state of things. We know that the rest of Continental Europe is on its guard against revolution, wherever it may come from. We know, also, that in view of such an event the most perfect agree. merit exists between the northern powers. We know that all the intestine discords now existing in Germany upon material and formal questions will disappear when it be comes necessary to protect home and hearth against the in vasion of a rev9lution which may not be confined to France, but which will be forced to find an issue fur its devastating current. . . . . In that case, the political question and the maintenance of society will absorb all other interests. Germany, instead of pursuing a federal organization, which, indeed, meets with many difficulties, but which is not impossible, will be obliged to have recourse to military absolutism, as the sole expedient to prevent a catastrophe with which we arc threatened by anarchist absolutism, so soon as France enters into a path iu which the safety of the country can no longer depend on the energy of government, but must fall into the quicksands of 'popular inconstancy. We repeat, the northern powers will never meddle in the internal affairs of France, but we .lo not deny that they only await the moment when France will meddle with theirs. What they fear is a perpetually precarious situation, which may not even offer a gleam of consolidation, which may main tain the rest of Europe on the tooting of au armed peace. May those to whom arc entrusted the destinies of France take this state of things into consideration; may they main tain intact their historical mission ; may they support them select, not on the sovereign will of the people, which is nothing else but anarchy, but upon the energy of those who have all to lose and nothing to gain, and who perfectly understand that social order only depends on the rigorous accomplishmennt of the laws mode by those who are inter ested in their maintenance. un PARIS, Orr. IS. I Far For Acco t. MO lOO 7. APlning,Mearrt Lowed. Ckwinx per Cents UlO 36 Ilu 33 70 311 43 53 7o ,er Cent• .. . .... xOO3 W4O CO SS: 90 IS 90 SO per Crete. New Lan ..... ... ... ... ... 'ea 0141. per Cents — ... 3 per Cents. KM 5 iter Cents . .... 14 03 . 3 per Cons. New Lana „. oar c ants. 43par cent Esahangs ea LesS . d . on: alt, 23 271 ;00 ISa7a. 21 10. evlgi 1040 1019 num Na; R. nu 15. 3, Ib4l btoun3a Loss', 1331 74 U'. 44 Do. 133., Ito. ri Treasury &ads lhrdn 3 p.Ol. 79 13 I Soak onarca PAWS, Ocr. 18.—Versailles (right hank), —; ditto (left bankl, 2.0; Pane and Orls nt, no; Pans and Rouen, 557 30; &mai and Hone, 210 ; Marseilles and Asigoon 210; Strasbourg and bale, 146 33; Centre, 420; Boulogne and Amiens, 2,11; Orleans and Dordeauz, 33, 25 ; Sorthern, 435; Pans Alti 3trs.tuoarg, 343 75; TOWS and Nantes, 233 73. Ocr. 14.—Three per Cents., 361 • after Bolsa, 3 13 ? e. Four per Cents., ; after Bol sa, Five per Cents., 16! ; after Bolsa, 16). Coupons, 81 ; after llolsa, p. Passives, 6 1 • after Bolsa, NC. Bank of St. Ferdinand, 101 paper. Exchange on London, 00.73. [By Electric Telegraph.] We, Leopold 11., &c.—Considering our decree of this day's date, by which, in consequence of the retirement of Lieut.-General Count Cesar de Laugier, the charge of Mi nister Secretary of State for the War Department is be come vacant, and wishing to provide for the direc tion of military affairs as well as fur the defini-1 five organisation of our troops in the manner most suitable to the future wants and circumstances of the state decree as follows :—" Art. 1. The decree of Oct. 29, 1818, is revoked, according to the terms of which the general command of the troops of the grand duchy having been sup pressed, tho duties relative thereto were attached to the ministry of war. Art. 2. The said general command is re established, with the prerogatives and attributions a ith which it was invested at the period of its suppression, and more particularly with those determined by the iestiuc tions approved by the royal motto yoprio of February 19, 1820. We reserve, however, to ourselves the right of adding thereto any modifications which may appear neces sary. Art. 3. In consequence of the preceding articles, the attributions of the ministry of war will become again such as before 18.18 belonged to the old secretaryship of war. Art. 4. The general inspections of the troops of the line and cavalry, instituted by the decrees of Nov. 8, 1818, and Sept. 20, 1840, are suppressed, and their duties transferred to the general command. Art. 5. The staff at present attached to the ministry of war is dissolved, and the individuals compo sing it placed in disposability. Art. 6. The present func tions of the Minister of War are to be reformed and recast in proportion corm this department." ANTWERP, OCT. 18.—Fire per Cent. Metalliques, 74;. Five per Cent. Ardotus, 131. Three per Cent. Inland, 341. Russian Four-and-a-Half per Cents., —. Exchange on London, 25.28. BRUSSELS, Ocr. 18.—Belgian Five per Cents., 981. Ditto Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 891. Ditto, Two and-a-Half per Cents., 49!. Exchange on London, 2.125. _ _ VIENNA, OCT. 18.—Five per Cents., Metalliques, 921; Exchange on London, 12.09 ; on Paris, 1451. BERLIN, Ocr. 18.—Voluntary Loan, 103; Na tional Debt, 88!. Exchange on London, 0.22! ; Hamburg, 150:1; Petersburg, 1051 ; Vienna, 82g. Fa tsKIOUT, OCT. 18.—Five per Cent. Nletalliques, 75. Three per Cent. Interior, —. Exchange on London, 119!. Ditto on Vienna, 98. AMSTERDAM, Ocr. I 7.—Five per Cent. Mkal liques, 714. Five per Cent. Ardoins, 14 ; Three per Cents. Interior, 34 13-16. Russian Four-and-a- Half per Cents., 991. Two-and-a-Half per Cent. Inte grals, 37 3-16. Exchange on London, 11.90. NEW REGULATION BY COUNTY COURTS.—Some of the county courts, under one of the new rules, have sent their notice to the messengers of the Insolvent Debtors Court to be served in the same manner as the notices of hearing by that court. It is expected that other county courts will adopt the regulation. WALTHAM AND EPPING FOREST.—B 7 virtue of a late act, operations were comminced ou riday to dis atfarest a portion of Waltham Forest culled " Hainult Forest." The boundary lines are being marked for the purpose of inclosure. The part known as " Epping Forest " is not to be touched. RAILWAY AItRANGEMENT.—LIVERPOOL, OCT. 18 —A correspondent says: "The announcement made to day, that an amicable adjustment has been effected of the protracted differences in regard to the entry of the Great Western Railway into this town or Birkenhead, has created considerable interest both in Lancashire and Cheshire. We are happy to be enabled to state that the contest which has for so long a period been carried on between the Great Western and the London and North Western Railway Companies, for possession of the last link of the Shrewsbury lines, has at length been brought to a conclusion. By an arrangement just entered into between the Great Western and the Shrewsbury and Chester Companies, jointly, with the Birkenhead and Ches Lire Junction Company, the directors of the former have secured a through passage of their line to Birkenhead, upon condition that they shall not proceed tin Runcorn to Liverpool. The whole of the bridges, embankments, and cuttings on the Birkenhead and :hesTure Junction are easily adaptable for the broad gauge, which, it is generally expected, will be ultimately carried into effect throughout the whole line. INIANTICIDE.—The town and neighbourhood of Bury St. Edmunds has been thrown into a state of great excitement, in consequence of a young person, moving in MADRID, OCT. 13. the better station of life, who resided with her uncle, a person of great respectability, at Crawford, near Bury, The news of A ministerial modi fi cation, talked o f having been committed for trial for two distinct murders, those last few days, has turned out to be true. Gon- the victims being her own illegitimate children. From the zalez Bravo is to be Minister of Foreign Affairs, in- facts which transpired before the magistrates and coroner, stead of Mindoro', who is going to Paris as Minister itfahpPyri tl iv a e t n tl i v: t r i i t s o on a er c aaria .. . d St a ew po aV ce- w c a on s s s t u a s t f l e e cted Plenipotentiary. Benavides will be Minister of Grace I p o rch a en ' cl l ed g her on a charge of concealing the birth. Un and Justice, instead of Gonzalez Romero, and Llorente Le r road to the station she confessed that the child was will be Minister of Public Works instead of Arteta. buried behind the lodge at her uncle's house. Search was This modification, insisted upon by Queen Christina, made, and the body of a female child discovered. On is not much relished by the President of the Council being examined by Mr. Image, a surgeon, at Bury, that I fz i e i t t , le born nnve as his opinion that the child had not only of Ministers, who considers his post much more se- dive, but that it had sucked. Whilst the pri cure with his present colleagues, whose political in- inner was in the station-house she made a voluntary con significance keeps them docile and completely sub- ! fession that she was delivered of the child on the 21th of tnidiatve to his will. Bat Bravo Nlurillo is afraid of I September, that she murdered it on the fo.lowing day, and losing all if he loses the support of the Duke of kept it in her bed till the Gth inst., when she buried it at Rianzares, without which ho would inevitably fall I t She then inadVatte'datthsehsepohtawdhmeruerdsTe had d one di :hild ea bo of fog e . On the other hand, by giving up to the exigencies body, and, search being made, its remains were found. of the Queen Mother, and allowing the appointment She was fully committed by the magistrates to take her of Gonzalez Bravo and Benavides, whose energy is trial at the neat &seizes. with the restricted duties of The next decree charges provisionally with the ministry of war M. Huldsaseroni, President of the Council and Minister of Finances. The third decree appoints, by its Ist article, the Chevalier Federigo Ferrari da Grado, formerly lieutenant-colonel in the Austrian army, to the rank of major-general in the Tuscan troops, and invests him with the general military command of the grand duchy. The 2nd article assigns to General Ferrari the pay attributed to his rank by the royal decree of May 20, 1830, besides the per quisites formerly attached to the post of commander. general. According to the 3rd article Gene ral Ferrari is to propose and execute all that he deems of most use for the definitive organisation of the troops of the grand duchy. The 4th article directs that these propositions arc to be presented for the approbation of the Grand Duke, through the channel of the Minister of War, who will make known to the commander-general the decision of the sovereign. It is reported that the Tuscan officers of the guard have offered to resign their commissions. SPAIN. Ithr CrorrOls• COII,I:ErONS.ENTS. A WY. FAlt!oo •!.° The Lore.," ersolsoio rarr.e eveigsf• re," V pu/Siebell toe!! as.l Ito Jay cglet. ie tioie be pOst. Adveo EarlatA Ist en . tni r at "The ENcre.....toofta 7,45!50 paper, ass , ••• 4: estco, I• Bosocra•icreet, 47 Ise u'ktocli os Ida day d! I t.O.scabuo. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE . Tat% LiAT-11nrattg. 9^ 111 , Atemovs. I , IJ. 2 , es. Te.u..taalr—ilonno,, lit. 3.a. LONDON, MONDAY, OCTOBER 20. Tilt tone and manner of Mr. late speech at Edinburgh on the subject of parliamentary re form are such as deserve the thanks of all liberal politicians. This old and steady friend of reform I carefully avoids everything that can be considered hash dogmatism; with all his experience, he is ready to listen to new suggestions, and propounds a ; plan full of alternatives. He is not wedded to any peen- 1 liar scheme, but is reudy to accept from any quarter one which shall attain the end he has in niew—that end 'wing the election of a House of Commons which shall represent the people of the United kingdom as on all occasions to be willing and able to promote the welfare of the whole community. To the attainment of this end thus generally stated, I many means have been suggested ; and Mr. HUME ' shores his own freedom and lib:Tante of spit it, by describing three different systems, with any one of which lee states that he would lie satisfied. Ile in this ow •s Ln example that may be of infinite service to th se who, having assumed for themselves the right of forming an opinion, deny it to all others — men who coosieler all opposition heresy, and hesita tion u proof of insincerity. Ili Mir, would doubtless assent to the very gene r.l Mot iption we have gives of the end he has in e u is ; but, from some expressions employed by him it Edinhur;sll, there we fear our agrecvnent would . nil. If from those expressions we nichtly Interim t his meaning, his conception of what the How, Commons ought to he appears to us not only ilic..rrect, but is, in fact, it conception of an imps Minty. Such a !louse of Commons as lie ais panntly desires, ran never lie found; and, if found, would prove a calamity in place of a blessing. It is clear, that if we desire to frame efficient amens to an end, we must accurately determine what that old really is. Let us then endeavour to ascer tain, first, what we diem the House of Commons ought to he ; and -slum we have settled this point, we UPI pressed to discuss the various projects de vised t procure fur us this desired object. Much of the difference , / opinion existing among reformer; on the whole subject of reform, arises front the unsettled notions they entertain with respect to the nature of the thing fur which they art striving; and assuredly if II: ME. really expects ever to see such a flume of Collations as he describes, he is doomed to inevit able still bitter ilisipp intone:it. " The House of (*.ounces's," sae's Mr. Ill'ME. "ought to npresent every man, whatever his inte rests or opinions might lie, aceorefing to the changes going on in the country." Now, the only !louse of Commons which could anomplish this feat would be one CI et actually and bodily . included within its walls every man in the notuntonity. This, however, is simply impossible. Rut every seketion must Le in I fart a compromise of opinions. No one matt in I opinion is the counterpart of oily other; and no man can by isssobility represent t h e various and varying I opinions of the men who vette air him. Each elector Cllimows from the candidates offered fir his choice, that one with whom he ou the *hide must nearly • lig I CV , (in this statement we put aside all considera- Mo of corrupt voting;. On *OIIIC material points he i Buds the candidate hobing opinions of which he up- I proves. in issue others he discovers a difference of opt- I Mum: Ist the agreemeut outweighs in value the diffe- Tenet'. and he therefore votes fsr him. Now, what one man d. ees al I do; so that, in reality, t he candidate chosen cannel lie said to mon-sent "all the interests and opinions" of any one of Isis constituents; a n d, in the rant' manner, the House of Commons, composed of much 'presentative-it cannot represent every man (or indes .1 filly one man), whatever his interests or opinions may be. The whole proceeding is a com ps •se -resulting front a multitude of compromises. On Sonde important points the Ilouse of Commons, taken Mk a whole, and deciding according to the opinions id a majority of its in:embers might repre sent the opinion of the majority of its electors, but neon r them this it cannot possibly approach to an agree !tient with the feelings and interests of the se pirate constituents by whom it is chosen. And the teal question for solution is, to what extent ',lmola this agreement he carried. There is a pilot beyond which agnentent cannot go is it for the interest of the conimuni , y that the agree ment between thee House of Commons and the nation, including in that tern every man. woman, and child, should reach this utmost limit of identity of feeling and f interest 1' Most men are agreed, that this 131111 ,,, 1 limit ought not to be sought for. Upon the ground of inconsistency, minors and persons of un sound mind have, be must philosophers and law givers. been refused the privilege of voting. So also have women, whether wisely or not is nut now the question. Uri, ii i ll uls have in the same way. hut on a different ground, been deprived of the nglit, if at any time possessed by them, or the power of acquir ing it. after thee commission of an infumous offence. It is unnecessary to extend the list of excluded classes. or to allude further to the reasons given for exclusion. Suffice it to say. that no person yet has popes'sl that every human being in the com munity should have a voice in selecting the repre sent:rot :4 of the people. Exclusion to some extent has by all been admitted. To what extent, in uc munity will to a favoured few be more agreeable than to labour. They will endeavour to convert the many into instruments for the furtherance of their own pleasures, and subservient to their narrow and private ends, as opposed to the general weal. On the one ground, then, of mere interest, it behoves us to have the electoral body so numerous that for them it shall be more advantageous to secure the great end of security as we have described it, in pre ference to seeking after an? narrow or special mo ! nopoly of privilege or of enjoyment. The base must be broad if we desire to make the superstruc ture secure against the assaults of private and sinister interests. THE EGYPTIAN RAILWAY. Our Paris correspondent informs us that intelli gence reached that city on Saturday to the effect that llaireddin Pasha embarked at Alexandria on the 2nd instant for Constantinople, charged with a note from Abbas Pasha demanding the Sultan's authority fur the construction of the railway. LATEST FOREIGN EXCHANGES. PARIS BOIJRBB. CAPE OF GOOD HOPE THE KAFFIR WAR. at. Birkenhead, Capt. Salmond, arrived at Ply mouth last evening with important intelligence from the Cape. She left 'Simon's Bay on the 12th Sept., reached St. Vincent on the 4th of the present month, and sailed on the 7th. She has brought home the mail which would have been despatched by the steam-ship Sir Robert Peel, but for the accident which that vessel met with on her outward bound passage near Sierra Leone. After having landed some despatches for the Admiralty, the Bir kenhead proceeded with her mail to Portsmouth, while the journals from which the following intel ligence is gleaned were forwarded to town by special engine. From private information we learn that a serious engagement took place on the Ist of Sept. in the Fish River Bush, in which the British troops suf fered a partial defeat, with considerable loss • and there seems to be no doubt that the whole Of the frontier is in a state of alarming disaffection. The 2nd Royals, a regiment which had but just been conveyed out from this country by the Birkenhead, took part in the action, and, it is stated, had four men killed and 17 wounded. The Birkenhead is said to have been selected by Sir Harry Smith for her well-known speed; and it is also stated that she has brought home a request from his Excellency that a reinforcement of at least 10,000 troops may be hume diately sent out to his assistance. Ihe news brought by this steamer is 21 days later than that which reached this country by the Stoma way, and which was published iu the Ezpreu of the 17th instant. The Sir Robert Peel had not readied the Cape when the Birkenhead sailed, and nothing, was known there of the cause of her protracted delay. Among the passengers in the Birkenhead are Lieut. Stokes R.E., and Mrs. Stokes; Ensign Robertson, and Mrs. Robertson, Mr. Osborne, and Mr. T. W. Cobb. _ _ . The following is from the Cape Town Ma of the 12th of September " Her Majesty's steamer Birkenhead, which left East London on the 6th instant, brings a report that the Basuto chief Moshesh and his ally, Molitsane, had announced their determination to take part with the enemy, and had Rent messages to the chiefs who still remained neutral, urging them to join the war party, and unite with the Gaikas and Basutos in driving the white men into the sea.' It is supposed that the despatches which the Birkenhead is to con vey to England have reference in part to this im portant intelligence." By the Birkenhead a report was also received of a severe action which was said to have taken place in the Fish River Bush, and in which our troops were• reported to have suffered a repulse with considerable loss. In the Graham's Town Journal, of the 6th inst., since received, we find some more definite ixir ticulats concerning this action, which seems to have been a well-contested affair. It took place on the Ist instant, near Committee's Drift. The detach ment under Lieut.-Colonel Burne, 2nd Rovals, en ' countered a body of Stock's, Seyolo's, and gotman's Katfirs. with a number of Hottentots. Several des perate charges, it is said, were made by the men of the 2nd, who, though unused to this kind of fighting, are stated to have displayed great spirit. Two men of t his regimen t were killed (one sergeant and one private) and five wounded; of the Royal Sappers and Miners one was killed and one wounded ; in the Cape Corps and Armstrong's Horse two men were wounded. In the whole three men were killed and eight (or ac cording to another account, twelve) wounded. The dead and wounded were sent to Fort Peddle, and the detachment returned to King William's Town. On their march the Kaffirs are said to have attacked them again ; very heavy firing was heard by persons at Fort Peddie, in the direction in which the troops had gone, but the result was not known. On the 2nd inst., the Kaffirs attacked sonic wag gons on their way to Graham's Town from below Southwell, and succeeded in carrying off five spans of oxen, worth 3001. The ail un. was reported to Major-General Somerset, when pursuit was imme diately made, and eighteen of the oxen recovered. On the 3rd instant the 12th Eegt. arrived at Gra ham's Town from Algoa Bay. From Lyndoch, intelligence has been received that most of the Tambookie servants, who had hitherto remained faithful, have joined the enemy, and have assisted in driving off their master's cattle, horses, and sheep. Some sharp conflicts had taken place between the colonists (Messrs. Pringle, Scott, Niland, and others) and the marauders, several of whom were shot. In these actions, unfortunately, two burghers were killed, and others wounded. The burghers of Grant-Reinet, Cr.ulock, and Zwa gees Hoek, were to assemble at Somerset on the 4th matant,and to proceed on the 6th to drive the Kaffirs out of the Kaga mountains. The enemy had re-appeared in Oliphant's Hoek and Lower Albany, as soon as Lieut.-Col. Eyre lett that part of the country. They had committed se veral depredations, and had kept the burgher patrols continually active iu pursuing them, though with little success. On the afternoon of the sth instant, an attack was made on Mr. Goldswain's place, at Burnt Kraal, five miles north-east of Graham's Town, and the enemy succeeded in getting off with about 1,200 sheep. A patrol, under Capt. Carey, was imme diately ordered by General Somerset iu pursuit, and it was hoped that the flock would be recovered. On the :frd, three inhabitants of the village of Salem, while on cattle guard, were attacked by fifteen or twenty Kafiirs. One of the guards, named Tho mas Filmer, was severely wounded by a bullet, which lodged in his side. The cattle were, all but one, brought safe to Salem. The wounded man was doing well, the ball having been extracted. Information had been received from Farmerfield that two houses, one belonging to Mr. Bowles and the other to Mr. Barnes, had been fired near the Kariega, and fifteen head of cattle captured from Mr. Gush. Patrols immediately started off in pur suit, but did not succeed in overtaking the plun derers. Mr. Thomas Scanlan, of Graham's Town, lieu tenant in the Fingoc levy, a brave and worthy colo nist, who was wounded a few weeks ago, while on cattle guard near that town, has died or his wound, leaving a wife and four children, with his parents, eighty years of age and quite helpless, to lament his death. The Clanwilliam Levy, whose extended period of service has expired, were to march to East London for embarkation to Cape Town on the 4th inst. The same paper gives the following general sum ary m : During the six weeks which have elapsed since the de parture of the Hellespont few events of a cheering charac ter have occurred, and the aspect of affairs in the colony and beyond the frontier is as gloomy as it has been at any time since the commencement of the war. Our last sum mary lett the Commander-in-Chief (July 20) at King William's Town engaged in sending out detachments of troops to traverse British Kaffraria in various directions ; while within the colony every frontier district was overrun , by the enemy, who had swet ff man thousads of cattle and sheep, had burnt numerous fa y rm-hous n es, and had completely devastated some extensive tracts of country. Since that time the same system of operations has been continued with little variation. Patrols have been passing too and fm in Kattiraria, occasionally crossing the boundary into the colony, while the depredations of the enemy have been carried on with as much activity and success as ens., in spite of the efforts of the colonists and some detachments of the troops to check them. On the 21st of July two patrols were sent from head quarters, under Lieut.-Colonels Michel and Eyre, the first for the purpose of surprising the chief Seyolo, in the Keiskannua Kloofs, and the second to clear the ports of the Buffalo. The first-named attempt was not successful ; but the latter resulted in the surprise and dispersion of a party of the enemy, some of whom were killed, and in the capture of nearly 200 cattle, taken out of the kraals of the Kaffir'. On the 29th, the same officers again left King William's Town, sad after conveying supplies to Forts White and Cox, swept round the Amatola, and captured altogether about 2.50 head of cattle, killing on one occasion seven Kaffir", who were drawn into an ambush. Oa the 7th of August, Lieut. Colonel Michel was sent with a force of about 000 men to clear the extensive Fish River Bush, between Trompetter's and Committee's Drift, where a number of marauders had established themselves. Colonel Michel traversed these fastnesses for live days, and destroyed several of the locations of the enemy. On one occasion, during a night movemtnt, the enemy tired from an ambush upon his column, and killed two men of the Clan william Levy but the assailants were beaten off, with, as was believed, considerable loss. On the lath of August, Sir Harry Smith, after repeatedly ' declining to accede to:the urgent solicitations of the Graham's Town Board of Defence, entreating that a portion of his force might be sent into the colony for the protection of the inhabitants, at length consented to despatch Lieut.-Colonel Eyre, with half of the 73rd. Regiment, and more than 100 horse, into Lower Albany. This movement has been prat ductive ors :me advantage to that part of the colony ; her in spite of the activity displayed by the troops, the ma renders have continued their ravages in tie close vicinity of the patrols, and within a few miles of Graham's Town. About the same time a detachment of 142 men of the 45th Regt., under Major Kyle, while patrolling near the Seven kloof Mountains, had a sharp conflict with a body of Kaffir, and llottentota, losing one man killed and three wounded, but indicting, as was believed, a considerable loss, both in killed and wounded, on the enemy. Another skirmish took place, near the Debe Neck, on August 19, between Captain Visit. ' of the 4 ith Itegt., with about 70 men, and a number of Kaffirs, of whom several were shot, with no loss to Capt. Vialls' detachment. On the 21st ult. Colonel Mackinnon, with a force of 859 men, was despatched to convey supplies to Fort Hare, and bring back the fifty Hottentot rebels convicted and sentenced to transportation by the court-martial. This service was duly accomplished ; and on the 27th the column returned to head-quarters without having encoun tered an enemy, either in going or in returning. On the Ist instant, Lieut.-Co!. Durue, of the 2nl Regi ment, who was engaged in patrolling the Fish Hirer Lush, ' near Committee's Drift, had a severe action with a body of Kaffirs and Hottentot'. The particulars are not fully known, The fight is described as " a sharp affair," and I the casualties were rather heavy, three. soldiers being killed and twelve wounded. Sonic other operations within the colony require to be noosed. The Tambookie marauth rs having been rely troublesome on the north-eastern frontier, a party of 21A1 Albert and Colusburg burghers, under Commandants Oli vier and Joubert, assembled to chastise them. The party made a patrol into Tambookirland and captured about 200 head of cattle. On their return they were surrounded by a very large force of Tumbookies, estimated about 2,600 strong, and were fur a time in a critical situation. They were rescued by the advance of Commandant Jo..eph dread with his mounted troop, to their assistance. The united colonial force then attacked and routed the Tunibuokies, killing 120 of them. . . . . Blajor-General Somerset, with the First Division of the army. has been moving between the Somerset and AIL my districts, but has been able to accomplish little for the pro tee:ion epithet inhabitants. In the latter part of July he made an effort to expel Memento from the Waterkloof, wl.ich that chief, with several hundred of his people, has made his stronghold. General Somerset was unsuccessfel in this attempt, and he soon alit:mania withdrew from that neighbourhood, leaving the inhabitants to defend them selves. This they have done as well as their numbers and resources enabled them, but with only partial success. On the 4th alt., a party of ;twelve mounted men, headed by Messrs. Ainslie and M•Grogor, with about 30 Fingon, encountered a large body of Macomo's Kettles, estimat. el at not less than GOO, whom they defeated and drove belOre them, killing no less than twenty of them. "Phis easy ie tury of set small a body of colonist, renders General Sonwr set a failure the more unaccountable. That officer has re cently been engaged in patroiling in Albany, end has suc ceeded in recapturing some cattle taken by the enemy. Numerous other skirmishes of military and culuniel patrols with the enemy have taken place; but it does not appear that any material of oct has yet been pneelueeil in restraining the activity or diminishing the boldness fA the enemy. Every post brings accounts of fresh depredations uud ravages, committed at various points within the line of the frontier. At the latest amounts from the Somerset district many coloured servants (Tumbookies anal others), who had hitherto remained faithful, hail joined the enemy, and aided in driving off their masters' cattle. The burg:iers of Graaf IteMet, Craduck, and Zwagere Hoek were to assemble on the 4th instant at Somerset to endeavour to expel the enemy from Lice Kaga mountain.. In the Orange River Sovereignty, the British Resident has made no movement since his repulse by Molitsane, on the 30th of June. lie has, however, published a " Govern ment Notice Extraordinary," in which the people of Moshesh and Moline= (the Basuto.; and llatautrs) are de nounexal as enemies, and the settlers in the Sovereignty arc summoned to enrol themselves for military service. The in habitants have generally refused to obey the order, alleging that they have no desire or motive for quar reling with those chiefs. A public meeting of land owners and merchants has been held at libitum Fontein, at which resolutions were passed, severely censuring the conduct of the Reseideut towards those chiefs, a.. 1 impolitic anti unjust. A fore., consisting of two com panies of the 15th Regiment. with some natise auxiliaries, has been despatched from Natal by Lieut.-Governor I'inc to the assistance of Major Warden ; and it is said to he the intention of the commander-in-chief to send the 12th Lancers to the same province. The latest rumours from the sovereignty, received through Kalarland, are of a startling nature. It is reported that the two denounced chief., ltlosltesh and Molitsane, were about to join the hos tile Kinks with all their forces, numbering eight or ten thousand fighting men ; but the report needs confirmation. During the last month, the 2nd Regiment of Foot (Queen's Royals) has arriv:d from England, and the 12th Regiment front Mauritius. About 450 men have also arrived front England in the troop-ship Sumner and steamer Cyclops, to reinforce the various corps already in the colony ; and nearly as many volunteers have been sent to head-quarters from the western districts. The fee Wet ships Berkshire and Charlotte, and the steamers Retribu tion and Odin. with the 12th Lancers (fur whom n full complement of horses has been purchased), and the 2nd battalion of the GOth Rifles, are now daily expected. It is rumoured that in consequence of the unfavourable news front the Orange River Sovereignty, two steamers will probably be despatched to India for rein forcements. But nothing is 'positively known of the inten- Soaked the commander-in-chief relative to the affairs of the Sovereignty. The same journal of the nth says : In reference to the close of war we may state that in the neighbourhood of head-quarters, it is reported the Raffles are about to enter on the war with renewed vigour. This does not look much like subjection and submission. It is satiseTtory, however, to learn that Major Rogge, one of the Assistant Commissioners, scenes perfectly to understand the position of the colony, and that, so far as lie is concerned, no patched-up peace will satisfy him—no peace, but one esta blished on a solid, satisfactory basis. Ilow he and his Ex cellency will agree on this matter remains to be seen ; tut one eireuiastanee is pretty clear to even the most casual ob sereer,—that the Governor is fast loosing the confidence not only of the public, but eveu of his former friends and sup porters ill tine quarter. COLONEL MACKINNON'S REPORT. King William's Town, Aug. 27, 1851. Sir,—ln pursuance of your excellency's instructions I proceeded on the '2lst inst., with a force of 850 men, fur the purpose of escorting IS mule waggons with supplies for Fort Hare, of making a movement on the Chumie range of the Amatolas, and of bringing to this station 50 of the llottenton rebels sentenced by a general court-martial to transportation. I readied that post on the 22nd instant, having met with uo opposition. The officer in command at Fort Hare, Lieutenant-Colonel Yarborough, reported to me that the supplies at Eland's post were exhausted, and that he had no means of transport for sending supplies there. I therefore seat forward twelve mule waggons, on tho afternoon of the 23rd instant, with supplies, escorted by 200 men, on the road to Eland's post ; and, having ascer tained by means of Fiugo spies that the enemy was in force in the neighbourhood of Lushington Valley and the , Katberg, I followed at midnightjwith the remainder of my force, with the view of reaching Pfeffer's Kop at daybreak. I was in hopes that the small number of men escorting the waggons might induce the enemy to await the convoy on the road to Eland's post. A drenching rain unfortunately set in during the night, and prevented our reaching the ground in time to effect anything. On the 24th I scoured all the kloofs near Lushington Valley without any success, and passed the waggons on to Eland's post, encamping in the valley. On the 25th, the convoy returned from Eland's post, and I proceeded with it to Fort Hare. On the 2Gth I proceeded to Fort White, and returned to King William's Town this day, bringing the whole of the prisoners safely in. Major Kyle, 4.5 th Regiment, met me with 150 men fram Fort Cox, on the road between Fort White sod Fort Hare, on the 22nd instant, and again yesterday un my return. Thu Kaffir, made no attempt to oppose lain on either occasion, front which I infer that he inflicted a severe loss on them when they attacked his patrol trum Fort Cox un the 13th instant.-1 have, &c., Li FM. MACKINNON. CMOIII I Commanding 2d Division. His Excellency Sir H. D. Smith, Lart , &c. GENERAL ORbERS: ...... ..... Ilead.guarters, King William's Town, Sept. 2, 1841. 1. The newly arrived and other Native Levies of tho 2nd Division, will be formed into one corps, under Com mandant Davies, who will observe in their elistributioa, that the men of particular districts and stations be kept together in the companies of which this corps will be com posed. Tho following officers are appointed to this corps : Captains W. Musgrave, lt. Dedham; Lieutenants J. Cramp ton, M. Guinery, Statham, J. Thom, and W. 1). Thom. Arrivals in Table Bay.—Aug. 3. Phrenix (st.), from Algoa Bay; 24. lier Majesty's steam vessel flee, Simon's Bay; 23. Placenix (st.), Alpo Bay ; 30; 11cr Majesty's steamer Cyclops. Departure.—Aug. 1. Hellespont. Arrivals in Simon's Bay.—Aug. 1. Dee (st.), from East London; 7. Huzaar, Batavia; 19. Penguin, Sierra Leone ; Hermes (at.), Mauritius ; 28. IJeo (at.), Table Bay; 29. Cyclops (st.), Queenstown; Sept. 1. Ithadamanthus, East London ; 6. Cyclops (et.), Table Bay; 10. Birkenhead (at.), from East London. ii4lart --- uie.—Aug. 9. Rhadamanthus (st.), East London. Arrivals in Algoa Bay.—July 21. Dcc (st.), from Simou's Bay ; 22. Phcenix (st.), Table Bay ; 27. Hermes (st.), Simon's Bay. Aug. 13. l'humix (st.), Table Bay; 19. Birkenhead (st.), Tablo Bay; 24. Hermes (st.) Mauritius. INCREASE IN THE LIVERPOOL CUSTOMS RECEIPTS. —For the quarter just ended, there has been an increase in the Customs receipts ut Liverpool of upwards of 58,0001. on the corresponding quarter of 1840; that for the present year having readied 1,013,3611. This improvement bears a re markably large proportion of that for the kingdom gene rally, which is only 83,1001.; 60 that the increase at all the other ports together amounts to little more than 24,0001. i Liverpool Standard. • 1 1