The Express. — London, England, 1853-07-01 00:00:00

II 1b biteu p~m that point. There might be good as , jo g ai?, the lawsuit", or there might not, de l - .1 teat sic goo reason could be found for pip es% et -- in 'fie present state of India. t te h... 0 The right honourable gentleman szke it wry. a goal country in whic an I°4 t ' t would occur the momen tthe second edition of leow, e ," l ', weight word that this bill had been thrown lrbie;trikt the heine just remember that in size India was •"" a third of haropc, while it wee inhabited by 28 wroth " I t , rie •in e fettering iu religion, and differing e e , • Mu" u• • Where, thou, were the elements of combine • ; these eireum-truces? Why, not more than four tee. 5- aeM a ronhin was attempted in Germany, e unify, certainly, but not to be compares • • ex tent with India. There they had • is s." byseven or eight millions of the same 11121. , 1 7- one Tripper, and the same language, enjoying re~6 is e fs , e s which modern science could preduce for ',..*W-unicetions between men, and assisting the : ec ece—poseeseieg besides an almost uni rid yet with all its aids to coucert cad cum • ... w e an found some four or live years ago that it • fm eossible fur Aultrians, Psussiana, Savarese', to combine in any manner whitener , it lostfl.llia • • ) Than the inhabitants of the country were (iv ce the same religion, and ileu ms 7. ,language yp. IA • iii t.oe together for • politic prpose, and t Aillc-.'verement were afraid that if they delayed the row rint „ t ea t s bdl, as insurrection would take place in a cons- oe h has than Europe , and containing 28 nations. la a 1 0 toe. sainh d te right Lon. gentleman, look at the state of hot,lieu ut merely the state of India, butOhe teepee. @Weided sod peculiar state of Asia, which should induce to glen at wee with t he measure, said the right hoe. geatl man • but for his part, tie denied that the present state fh c e caliar ur unprecedented. The eight 64 " el. Pe the h man adverted to con diti on of Asia, the con • t .en of China, and soul they were peculiar and untie'- , ' 4 ,: W far as so the coalition had brought things to Ihi ll agg Turkey at least as co ncern the right ▪ od. so r man ebouhl Lave remem be re d the rule . of law her awe has • right to t eke advantage of Ire own wo gt b u t it was no argument for the misgovern so, belie to say many of the Khans of ton were making war upon each other, while Cal az we; being ravaged by • successful insurrec gice„ es Lir, however, from the stage of these coun ske e„,,,a writhe" and unprecedeueed, he might mei.- ' gm that in 1633 all the circumstances which the right hon. ' e , e g t sea fad referred to existed to • far greater extent a u they do now, and yet in that year they were not bneeeht toward NO an argument in favour of precipitate ,p, m . Asia was continually in a state of ferment; b e e wine was the condition of the Turkish empire in 1833, which thoi were now told was most perilous ? (Hear, wit) Why. the Naha of Egypt was invading she Turkish empire while the right hon. gentleman hhe member for Edi•Wirgh WU "[diverge,/ his slot. radieteich' on the date of India. The Pasha had erred en • esmiunfal battle in Asia Minor which WI mak ME eargleee master of the Turkish frontier, ebtltbe Rued= feet bad entered the Bosphorus at least e a weeks Mime the bill of 1933 was introduced by the then hevenneent. Nobody thought then that the state of the Tarkish empire was a reason why they should legislate basely fa India. No one thought then that the stable( why or Hie the par quarrel liament s of of Tartar England s Khasi wu a read, should pressed hurriedly in providing a government for India. Why wen we not at that time at the commencement of those myste rious coa.binations in Central Asia which afterwards led to the tension of Afghanistan as the only means by which we veld weenies the perils which threatened our Indies empire, and yet that circumstance was not pressed ogee parliament as a reason for passing • measure fee t h e government of India. True China was not is a mate of insurrection in 1833, but already those misanderstandines bad commenced which made every man who knew the state of China, certain that a war only could terminate the differences. And shortly afterwards the Wet did commence, and it was perhaps one of the most extra vagant wars that we had ever carried on in the East ; but still the state of China was not cited as a reason for passing the belie 1833. He said, then, that taking the state of Asia, the state of Turkey, the state of Central Asia, and the state of China at this moment, they wen as compared with 1833, far less peculiar and far less important ; but still no man ever thought in 1833 of cornier forward to support an imperfect and • impo litic measure for the government of India, on the glued that neighbouring countries were is • dia. terbed state. (Hear, hear.) Well, he had only one more eteeriation to make upon this matter, and he felt deeply reefed to the house for having listened to him oolong with so math patience. But there was one other reason given— s fourth reason, why they should not sanction delay. It was because nest year they were to have a %ewers of parliamentary reform. lie knew Ifni that ministers were bound, not merely as Kitten:es. hut as men of honour, not only to bring ia • measure of parliamentary reform next year, but also • lane pleasure of parliamentary reform. Ile knew that a right hon. gentleman opposite, with a candour that well became him, informed the country that the only condition so which he could be induced to lend his services to the sate was, that the Prime Minister should ittroduee such a measure as early as pos sible ; but certainly not later than the com mencement of the next session, and it was now said that unsure ought nor to be delayed on amount of this pledge. Let him, however, remind the house that the subject of parliamentary reform was not of so complicated • character se it was in 1830, and if they were to have a large mea lier* of parliamentary reform next year, he had no idea that its descussion would take up the whole: of the session. The government might introduce a well matured project for the government of India in February, paw it through this bust, and yet be able to bring in their large measure of parliamentary reform before Easter ; but be hoped the home would remember the circumstances under which this argumeet against delay was made. It was two years age lace the noble lord the member for the City of Leedom, who was then first minister, announced that since the been, had prthouneed in favour of parliamentary reform, he was quite willing to act upon it ; and a measure would be pre pared accordingly. Let it not be said now, then, that for the rake of the personal and political convenience of the minister a wanes of reform necessary for England ought to be pat eft for two yearn, and not the slightest delay permitbd as regards a measure for providing • good governmast for 150,000,000 of people. If they were to be tied that India was to continue to be misgoverned, or that India was not to have the chance of • better government because parliamentary reform was nem ray fur England, he thought it would be most unsaddles. tort'. The mama for delay were legitimate, were powerful, were respectable, in comparison with this latter argument ler delay, sad be could not believe that the House of Com mons would misetion it. (Hear, hear.) Now, with regard the amendment, it was not brought forward in ecepliaace with an new - tangled ideas, but it was height. forward in - deference to the highest precedents sapped by the (conduct of the most eminent men. If it ' ' was carried it did not follow that it would throw any eb. rude in the way of providing a government for India bailee the existing act terminates, although fee earriti al esha would be advisable that • con OW two ran should hs pared. He d us t kW, what weal 10 the fate of the SWOMIWIMII hat in ping Isle the lobby with hi Wide bird, be shear be asppered with the switerertar that be wee his dry to Ma seamituata,se be road be thus sew their names with a cowrie st gdir midge be weld be bemenrabla to themaed ad WNW h the eamtry. (Obtain.) Lord J. RUMILL uses lorry in ft ailloisted state et the louse that be shard have to trepan upon them fee a few strreagssa hem they want I. • division ; hot he remised thus rat be would not make any re brace to the wards% of parliamentary reform. (Cheer.) The right boa. baronet (Sir J. Graham) had said that this question divided itself into two branches—the one the question of delay, and the other that of double govern aim! That was, in fact, the question upon which the house would bays to decade; but he (Lord J. Russell) meld not avoid remarking upon the lesson which the right hen. gentleman (Mr. Disraeli) armed to give to his party it the ernmesommest of his address. With the general observations be made upon party he (the noble lord) would be the last to disagree. lie could conceive nothing dis honourable—on the contrary It was highly creditable—that when two partite had committed themselves to different Wes of policy, each conselentioualy believing that their own was moat for the public advantage, they should straggle for the ascendancy. (Cheers.) But the right bon. gentleman's ;amities had this difficulty, namely, that etch pasty ought to have some settled purpose in favour of which they asked their friends In the house and out of it to aid and assist them. (Cheers.) Now, on this particular cecasion, the noble lord (Lord Stanley) and the right hoe. gentleman (Mr. Disraeli) were both entirely wanting in setting forth any policy that they aidrecommend. (Loud cheers.) They only told the Lome to delay legislation, and to continue the present go vernment of India in the hands in which it bad hitherto been pl ,ced by parliament. The right hon. gentleman had endeavoured—end • painful endeavour it must have been —to diminish the authority of a right hon. gentleman of Pat experience, whom the Earl of Derby had intrusted with the administration of India—the late President of the Board of ControL (Cheers.) There was one au tlerity whom the right honourable gentleman had endeavoured uneucceset ully, he thought, to im page. Another was also one that he would ban thought the late government would have been the hest disposed to impeach, the hon. member for Huntingdon (Mr. 1. Baring), vola unwearied attention as claimers ef the India committee, and whose knowledge and ex penenee the right hon. gentleman would be the last tar Is dispute. (Hear, hear.) The right be& having, in fact, no clear view of policy to int= Party, the more intelligent of that party had Mr mght lbws seceleary to act for themselves, and they had therefore Ws. beefed such opinions as they had heard in the swarm of the debateopinions which,wbile not concurringepeatneydetall of the bin, were agreed upon this, namely this they ought to proceed at once to legislate for India, and that that elialation should be founded upon the main principles and !pan the Are clause of the government measure. (Cheers.) Ike noble lerd's motion was professedly to the effect that the house required more information before it could Preyed to permanent legislation far the government Si India. But was that the real meaning of the msotioa? By no wane. (Cheers.) Hardly • member the house who had spoken upon the queries had [rally and sincerely taken up that view of the acsaii for thin , was hardly one that bad not stated clear MI dented opinions as to the future course which parliament might to take. (Hear, hear.) The motion was therefore entirely fallacious in its terms, and did not mean what it protegee!. (Cheers.) But they had had an explanation from • new Idly and supporter of the noble lord—the Br t ig ii h is t). ino T iio h n e member r r t f o e l r d t i lm anc h h oli t S e e r th ( a M t r. if succeeded it was intended to introduce a bill to continue the government as it was for two year', and he ventured to affirm, that if those two years were allowed, he would engage that no government founded upon the East India Company should be adopted by the hoax. (hear,' beer.) He (Lord J. Russell) did not find fault with that declaration ; for he thought that after two years' agitation —alter it had been represented throughout India that the present government was to be destroyed , end that somethin g more agreeable to the of that country—some representative body including the different emotes—something, perhaps, wild and impracti cable—was to be put in its place. If, too, every one that had been a successful lawyer, or who had been disappointed in his application for office was to lend his aid in keeping up this Indian agitation, he (Lord .1. Russell) could well allow that the enactment by parliament of such • govern ment would be probable. (Hear.) But was that all ? Would nothing else be shaken ? (Cheer'.) Would that not be the case with the empire itself? (neer, hear.) When they had shaken all existing authority, how could they be sure that the Biitish rule itself could be maintained in India ? (Loud chain.) The right hon. gentleman said that if this bill were defeated, the news would not create an insurrec tion against the power of the Govirnor-General and the army which he commanded. No. Authority would be gradua'ly undermined—opinions would be gradually perverteo. (Cheers.) Let the noble lord bowers that in shaking down the promised fruit, be might also shake down some of the branches, and loosen the roots of the tree itself. (Loud cheers,) The hon. member (Mr. Bright), the professed architect of of ruin, intended to overthrow the company—would he be able to stop there ? (Hear, hear.) He (Lord J. Russell) could undue:aid the hon. gentleman's course. After the strong and decided opinions he had imbibed, his course was perfectly clear and intelligible; but the noble lord—if he would permit him to parody one of his own declarations— was neither conservative nor reformer. (Hear, hear.) He was not conservative; for nothing more alien to conservative principles could be con ceived than to shake existing authority; and he was not reforming, for he could not show by a single sentence what plan he would adopt. (Cheers.) The right hon. gentleman had spoken of the dangers that threatened Asia and China in 1833. But would he follow out that prece dent ? Did the government of Lord they is 1833 for two roars—or even for two months—their legi= No. Amidst the dangers to which the right hon. gentle man had referred the bill wait introduced into this house. It was nail a second time the 9th July. It was read a second time in the House of Lords Ai the 2nd of August, and it was soon after passed through parliament by the prompt decisioa of Lord Grey's government. Let the right hon. gentleman com plete his precedent; and as he admired the speeches and declarations of Lord Grey in 1813 let him be ready to fol low the example of Lord Grey in 1833. (Great cheering.) There did not, therefore, seem to him to be any great weight in the arguments for delay. (Hear, hear.) The authority of Lord Dalhousie and Lord H arding, might fairly be quoted, as the opinions of other persons had been quoted from time to time in that boom. That opinion added additional weight to the question itself. Nestcame the great question of the " double government," the question as to the nature of the government they were to give to India. He lagged the house to recollect that which the sight hon. gentleman did not seem to have kept in mind—namely, the general argument used on former occasions, used by Mr. Macaulay, used by Mr. Mill in his evidence, in favour of what was called double government. The noble load (Stanky) had admitted that though they spoke of double and single government, hitherto no one had proposed anything but a double government, because no one said that it would be sufficient to have a minister of the crown entrusted with the affairs of India, without the assistance of a council of capes ienced person. The ergo meut used had been always this—you can have no other government in India but a despotism; you must, there fore, have in this country some check which shall temper that despotism, and act as a check on the Governor-General, however wise, able, and temperate he may be—nay, let him have all the abilities of Lord Wellesley, and ell the virtues of Lord Wm. Bentinck. You can have no better check than a body of persons independent in their position, men tho roughly acquainted with the affairs of ladle, who shall be able to go into the details of every measure proposed or adopted, and who would thereby oblige the Governor-Ge- ' neral to act most considerately." 1 hat theory of the go vernment of India, supported as it was by 70 years expe rience, ought to have considerable weight. He did not say that that might be at all times the best government, or that they might not be able, as in mechanical inventions, when the object was attained, to simplify the machinery and dis pense with unnecessary wheels. But the course of true wisdom at the present time was to adopt the government that was recommended by such au thorities, upheld by sqgh arguments, and confirmed by such experience. Two defects, however, had been oonatantly pointed out, and pointed out by those who now found fault with the government for attempting to correct those defects. One was the time and solicitation required to obtain election to the court of directors, which deterred many of the ablest servants of the company who came home from India from seeking that honour. Another was that the directors had so much patronage, especially civil patronage, that it had great influence in their election. It was now propeeed that • certain number of directors should be named by the crown from persons who had had ten years' service in India, without going through the pro cess of an election., This proposal quite did away with the objection. It was the proposal of Mr. Chas. Wynn ; and they had also adopted his limitation of 10 years' service in India. Every one knew that persons who came home after along service in India were not such extreme ; the welfare of India was uppermost in their min ; and whe ther appointed by one ministry or another, they would attend to the interests of India above all other objects. Another pro posal of Mr. Wynn's they had adopted, and which Lord Glenelg wished to adopt in 1833—t0 diminish the number of directors. Mr. 'Wynn gave an admirable reason for it; the 24 directors were divided into four unusittees, three of whom were on subjects connected with Inds; but, as the business connected with trade and gegnmigne was to be taken away from them, they would sot used men than ene com mittee, and it was not reasonable to keep up the same num ber of directors. The other proposal, that the civil offices of India should be open to general competition, was not only fousied on sound principles, but it might hereafter be of *tautest importance with respect to the government of It would connect the people of this country of all AIM with the government of India, sad would create • Iliassienetal concern awl interest in its welfare. It would daps an and to the fear, which he had always entertained, Mat perliamast would some day or other pm the man of India and its vast palssmsga ass. Ha 10=11$nothing would be sus eniposeso me noxious to India—(hear, bear)—asaing nose [ injurious to the constitution of this ormatry. (Haan hear.) One gestlessan of very siasidarable ability lug . well sequoias& with India, who had written on tuia whims (Mr. ( ), said it wadi be a good disallow Ilia of patrasessi If lodise Aloes was given to peones amamstendoi by As Howse of Clamatme. He could me ales nothing UM Washes to IP ammeter at OP hash (am, Issar.) But if Me phi papal was alma& mid was sassamtal, whither thus govaireaat Vas aatiassi in the saapany L E_lenesland is Sri IMAM Pen was an sad if the al whisk he bad spoken, and a ash ask oken , was i ns W Ai! saisi Oa p a tronage. (Hear. bear.) He war asisaiths& at Ilse ,sane panned tg Mr.. Hume, Pig la hasp of peassinent by the mem int a media whim °b ands offset was is weaken, ant emanally waived ebb gsmninsat by the company. afar, bar.) As to the minis In which Po government ',of India had bass asalastei. be tins& the 'passel malts wars a lissaitag swaths st Jai* iingsemormt of lbo in the Weis washy, "" gr:a s t i =or at tisselt than awe ewe Wawa before, and spy spaakbg, s flourishing and ponspan em pire,-wboso PM they ban now to ssaider. (Haar, hear. ) It was said we bad not those gnat palls works in India which the lama sultans and founded, and that H we were is leas India, we elsouY leave no ammammt et our power behind us. He mainly differed Ma OW (Hear, hear.) Looking bark at the governant e :WM empires in India ad the met s he saw Bide 1111 in theta. 11e saw, undosbeedly.piarerf c .lN = lialfig asia• Wished that poesy by of all peat works for glitreller r aistinal re= ton. (Hear, bens ohne w won the labour of [ Warm taken Is mar. (Chaos.) Thug woe is fact a roma ed dm mial sal enelnresee of those primness, who, in one Mtge Ineried with humanity and kind ness. The aMsload *asps, an eloquent description et the beadMs tibia me bsi salsaiall M India, by introdming European Illasaisis dd asiass, sad contended that Pm mossimas if an Tale wore miss minable than any_otham His bast sal hop was that the griemmwe this saw try wadi lag continue in WM. (Haar, hear.) Bs alit as se ether power that was Shay to maintain pea swage the various nations which inhabited it—he ad! MN MO Mbar power so likely to introduce improvements has line to time, tending to the civilisation of the poi& hear),—end believing that such was their great ginden, he should decidedly, as far as he was concerned, be no party to putting that power in jeopardy by two years agitation, uncertainty, and delay, and he should there /we vote against the amendment of the noble lord, and trusted that the hems would assent to the second reading of this measure. (Neer, bear.) The house then divided, For the amendment Against it 322-182 The bill was then read a second time. WESTMINSTER BRIDGE BILL. This bill as amended was considered, after an ineffectual attempt at postponement by Mr. Taiwan and Sir C. Bowls. SAVINGS BANK ANNUITIES BILL. This bill passed through committee. LEASING POWERS (IRELAND) BILL. This bill was read • third time and passed. PARISH VESTRIES (No. 2) BILL. This bill was read a third time and passed. LIVERPOOL WRIT—ADJOURNED DEBA'r.. On the order of the day for the adjournment .. this debate, Lord D. STUART, whose rising was received with loud cries of " Oh, oh," said he would not detain the house. Ills only object was to postpone the issue of the writ t ill the 20th of July, in order that he might ballobring before the house a motion for taking the votes by t, which he could not move till the 19th. A discussion ensued, in which Lord PALMIABTON rioposed that the writ should be postponed for a fort night, to allow members to read the evidence, but with drew his motion ; and Mr. HINDLET moved the adjourn ment of the debate, and then withdrew that motion. THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, JULY 1, 1853. Viscount PALMERSTON said, meting that the commit tee distinctly recommended t►e Issuing of the Writs he should not press for postponement. (Hear, hear.) Mr. HINDLEY withdrew his amendment. The gallery was cleared for a division, but none took place; and on oar count we found that it had been agres. , d that the writ should be issued. The house adjourned at 3 o'cicck. Eitie •ErpreOP. TO CORHASYONDENTE. A eirond &titian .f " Fa.irewa," containing -he note evenir C. "flasette."ie pioltabed onty Tocaday and Friday I.igut, sn tiwe lar post. hutionneats intended :Am "The Enron," Lawton reet;:ny porn, tout Mat the bilk.), 10, Bouveria.atract, by Two o'iloch on the 11/4 of publication. RIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tao DA', —llcrelag. 102.1106 .Aft,racroa, 10 , . 48v. TJNIOSL IF—Xornum .Afserwas. L. 48 a. LONDON, FRIDAY, JULY 1. Or debates on India, "another and 'seam still succeeds". On each recent night dim 'seems to have been two forces very thoroughly in opera tion in the House of Commons; the one impelling many members to speak, and the other inducing very many more not to listen. Last night there . - was for some time scarcely thirty members present, and any one of them with sufficient love of mischief on hand, might, at once, have upset the coach by in• ducing a " count out." If Parliament has not said all that it ought to say on the subject of India, it was tolerably clear during all the earlier portion of last night's proceedings that the audience in St. Stephen's had given up all inclination for more listening. It was understood that the " book" of the whippers-in had been made up. It was calculated that each man with a vote had been made safe on one side or the other, and such being the case, it was useless to spend time over the reiteration of statements which had already enjoyed all tho in fluence they were likely to exercise. The conclud ing speeches of Mr. DISRAELI and Lord .f. RUSSELL however gave the signal that the wished-for division was at hand. The empty benches rapidly filled on both sides, and two o'clock in the morning hiving come at last, the often-adjourned debate was closed by a muster of 322 members in favour of the Coalition scheme for the government of India, and 140 against it. The Ministry have therefore carried the second reading of their bill by a majority of 182. What will Lord STANLEY and his friends say after this P The public, who by no means admire Sir CUU►RLES WooD's Bill, will still see in it the recognition of one principle which they look upon u a valuable concession to public opinion. This is contained in the provision which opens appointments to certain branches of service in India to the competition of the best men. But issue is raised upon the question— who are the best men ? Under the provisions of the measure proposed by Sir CHARLES Noon, the best I men are to be discovered and determined by a system of examinations. How do you know that there are not plenty of the most qualified persons who will refuse to submit to your examination, it is asked. How do you know that even those who are really the best qualified for the situations to be filled, will not at the moment be disqualified by temporary idleness, or youthful folly, or disinclina tion ? The great services rendered to the world have often been done by those who have not been ori ginally subjected to the rigid discipline of the schools. If every access to public life is closed to all except those who enter it by examinations, you may exclude the most brilliant genius, while you may open wide the entrance to the most complete mediocrity. The crushing answer to this objection is that , every great man who has achieved greatness without the help of early training, has always regretted the want of it. It may be taken as a rule that all great men are educational reformers. There is ad a single exception. If there is any one department of the public service, which may be supposed to be sere than any other independent of "book learning," it is the army. Nevertheless, the late Duke o WILLINGTON introduced a system of education initial' has now been extended to every de ' portant of the military service. He wielded the forces :of the Empire at a time when patronage was omnipotent, when the entrance to the army depended not upon intellectual or professional qualification, but bars interest. He was eminently encteraful in his employment of those resources, and yet he showed his dissatisfaction with the existing State of things, by providing a means of testing the qualification of all aspirants for commissions. It is also well known in the army, that one of the tra ditions that the Horse Guards inherits from the Duke is, that the examinations, at present necessarily rather easy, must be gradually " screwed up," as it is techniCally termed, to the highest possible point. The fact is, that the practical mind of the Duke came naturally enough to the conclusion, that in a service which employed a large number of persons, there was every charms that one or more of these would poses dis tinguished talents for the profession, whether pre viously well-trained or not. If the principle of no training were adopted, the one genius would have in actual service to carry out his ends by the means of a legion of incompetent servants, Whereas, if all were subject to a certain degree of training, the genius would have half his work done for him by means of the competency of his servants. The great argument against the competitive sys tem resolves itself to this. There are numerous examples in history of men without any previous training arriving at the highest position in depart !Dents of action, where those who had been pre viously prepared achieved no distinction. Crave, it may be said, is an example in the India service. He went out as a civilian, but proved himself in the end a great general. Are you going to close the door upon cases of this kind? Will you shut out a great general in embryo from the opportunity of distinguishing him self and serving you because be cannot or will not pus through your examinations? Some of your road men have been dunces in early life, and di vested their energies to nothing but ericketing, or heating, or hunting. These men would have been lost under a system of strict examinations. Will you run the risk of losing the services of men like these? The answer made by the Duke of WELLINGTON and the directors of the military service in every country in Europe is, that they are perfectly willing to run the risk. And there is no doubt they are right. A MA- ItOMET, or a CROMWELL, Ora NAPOLEON—Men who tower high above all reach of their associates— ! may find genius a match for all the efforts of mere talent or industry. But characters like these are mere exceptions to the rule, and a strict investiga tion into the sources of their superiority might show that mere ordinary means bad much more to do with their success than is commonly supposed. Are we then to adopt the principle of training no body because some great men have achieved glory without training? Because SHERIDAN never dis tingaished himself at school, aro we to look far orators in the dunces, and nowhere else ? Because some of NAPOLEON'S generals were men of no educa tion, are we to look for good generals nowhere but amongst the ignorant men? NAPOLEON himself, who was one of the most scientific of generals, is the best answer to the question. These remarks have been confined to examples taken from the military profession, because in it there are certain qualities, such as personal bravery, which are affected by no education ; and this fact renders the case of the adversaries a little stronger. But there are no considerations of the kind to inte.• fere with the argument when confined to mere civil services. And the Government measure is directed exclusively to this class of appointments. No one can doubt that a civilian will in general be qualified for his post, in proportion as he has been well prepared for it by proper education. There is, however, one very strong point which might be used by the opponents of examination if they choose to avail them selves of it. The point is the unsatisfactory nature of the present examinations. The system as it stands is not sufficient to enable the public to decide abso lutely upon who are the best men. Nevertheless it is better than none. Improve the examinations, and you will improve the men. In the meantime, do not quarrel with these examinations because they do sot do everything. A little learning may be a dangerous thing—but no learning at all is still more dangerous. Let India have the best that you can give her, and make a determination that you will en- deavour to do everything in your power to elevate your present standard. THE last of Count NI the Porte—published in our columns yesterday—iscer tainlyoneof the most impudent documents ever penned. Three months ago Russia tried and nearly succeeded ins feline attempt to make sure of her prey suddenly and unawares. While the representatives of France and England were absent from Constantinople, her - envoy presented himself at the gate of the Seraglio, and: when admitted, sought to obtain a pro- mine that whatever his Government of the SULTAN might be, they should not be made known to the other European powers. This attempt to steals march on European diplomacy having failed, she next resorted to terror and defiance. with the No efforts were spared by Prince MENCHIKOFF to browbeat the Porte, and to overawe her allies. But the ministers of ABDUL MEDJID proved themselves unswayed by fear; and of the allies, Austria alone has shown any symptoms of yielding to the menaces of the would-be dictator. Prince MENCIIIKOFF has been allowed to go as he came, and the subsequent reiteration of his demands by way of ultimatum, ostentatiously forwarded from St. Petersburg direct, has resulted only in the repetition of their peremp tory refusal. Baffled thus alike in the designs she sought to accomplish, first by stealth, and then by threatening', the policy of Russia next assumed another form, affecting a tone of dignified and dilatory parley. The passionless and prolix circular of Count NESSELRODE may be considered as the opening speech of this third act of the drama, wherein it is hoped that the plot will thicken, former friends fall out, and sundry other mischiefs come to pass. The NESSELBODE note crowns the whole. All the skill of Russian artifice is now busily at work to put Western Europe into a mesmeric sleep. The nervous systems of France and of England require to be dealt with in different ways; and accordingly the well togas& agents of Russia, in society and in the peso, appear to be making passes in opposite dine ttes', but all of which are carefully calculated to tell with combined effect. Costly hotels in Paris, and chateaux in the country, are formally announced as having been hired by Russian families of rank for two years certain, in order to impress our neigh bours with the notion that those who ought to know best at St. Petersburg do not anticipate war. On this side of the Channel more business-like methods are resorted to ; and journalism, in the interests of that peculiar patriotism which measures all national good or evil by its effect on the share market, is sedulously engaged in preparing the public mind for the ultimate submission of Turkey to the humiliating requirements of the CUL The allied fleets having by this time dropped weber within a few hours' call of the Divan, it is already insinuated that France and England can with propriety do no more. The Froth may indeed be crossed; Moldavia and Wallachia may be occupied ; Turkish ships in the Black Sea seized or sunk ; and the inhabitants of Bulgaria bribed or duped into einselies disturbances in order to provoke b estial impatience on the part of the Turin for their repression, and thus in turn to exapperate the smouldering enmities of creed and race among an ignorant and credulous peasantry. All this and much more Russia desires to be allowed to do with impunity during the next three months ; and all this It is, therefore, sought to make the public regard be forehand as probable, and, in fact, inevitable. Every palms is taken to depict the weakness of the Ottoman power and the hopelessness of its eventual stability and safety. Something is said at intervals indeed about the Autocrat not being suffered to dictate the course of events altogether in his own way. But the old cry is revived, though in more wary accents and indeter minate tones, that great changes in the Eut are ap proaching. Suggestions of disloyalty are with little' disguise made to the Greek subjects of the SULTAN— suggestions but too well calculated to sow the seeds of suspicion and distrust in less embarrassed councils than those of the Porte, if not speedily eradicated by unmistakable proofs of a fearless and generous policy on the part of the allies. It is time we knew all that can be known, and time also that it should be known whether the allies mean to bring this contest to a prompt and honourable settlement. The fate of Turkey now trembles in the balance. Austria some time ago showed her unwillingness to oppose Russian demands. Prussia now seems frost bitten and disinclined to stir. What will England and France do? Is Turkey to be exhausted by de pletion and delay—to be worn out by costly prepara tions for a contest she is not to wage in defence of her own NEASELTIODE'S note announces in plain tams the intended occupation of the Danubian Principalities by a Russian corps d'artnee, if not its actual intrusion into Bulgaria. Are the over matched forces of Turkey to be content to defend the line of the Balkan. Russia can afford to look with unconcern upon the idle parade of so many ships of the line in Besika Bay, if she is allowed to work her rapacious will on either bank of the Danube. No bird of prey, however voracious, can clasp in its talons and make its own of more than one victim at a time ; and the SULTAN possesses many provinces, any one or two of which would suffice to gorge even the Muscovite lust of rapine in the first campaign. FLOWER SHOW AT THE SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDINS.—The second exhibition for the season of the Royal &nth London Floricultural Society took place yes terday at the Surrey Gardens, and proved most attractive to a large and fashionable assemblage. The show was alto gether of very high merit, and in several of its departments gave evidence of rapid and marked progress in the cultiva tion of those delicate exotics which form the staple of such institutions. The pelargoniums were in great forte, and included some new varieties, which were much noticed, es- Tally Robinson's specimens. Another remittable feature in the exhibition was the collection of roses sent in from Mr. Paul's, Cheshunt, of a great size, variety, and fra grance ; and there were also some splendid heaths, wbica attracted considerable notice. The collection of fruit sqras small, but of superior quality, especially a basket of grapes from her Majesty's purveyor of fruit at Brighton. .iaken altogether the show may be pronounced of a high standard of excellence, and the award of prizes gave general satisfac tion. In addition to the floral attractions of the fate the weal amusements of the gardens te.Viuwed in the evening. Chum was bombarded with mor e than ordinary determi nation and effect, and the eT.cellent band contributed a varied and well selected Colle:ert. TURKEY. The lette:a from Turkey brought by the Enrotas c ontain no facts of importance with which the public is not familiar. Indeed, their date, the 15th, is an tecedent to that of the accounts already published. From the Danube no certain intelligence is to be reported, although rumours are rife, and belligerent operations are again positively announced by tele- , graph. According to calculations, based on the assumption that the rejection of the Russian ulti matum would have to be reported to St. Petersburg, and that the Czar would at once order the immediate advance of troops, such order should have reached the Russian commander in Bessarabia yesterday or should come into his hands to-day. It is not, however, certain that the commander had not re ceived instructions to act on the news from Constan tinople, supposing it to be unfavourable, in which case the Pruth may have been crossed by this time. The Lloyd has letters from Jassy, stating that the Russians were expected there on the 19th,—a fact which shows that those on the spot are not always best informed. From Malta wo have intelligence of the fleets in Besika Bay. The English fleet, under Admiral Dun dalk, which left Malta at 8 a.m. on the Bth of June, was carried by a fine westerly breeze until within 90 miles of Cape Matapan by noon on the 10th, when the the steamers were employed to tow the sailing ves sels, and thus the fleet reached the anchorage at Besika at eight a.m. on the 13th, exactly five days from Malta. The French fleet, under the command of Vice-Admiral de laSusse,joined it there on the 15th. The ships of both fleets were allowed to ride at single anchor, and officers going on shore on leave had strict injunctions not to lose sight of their respective ships, so that they could get under weigh at a quarter of an hour's notice. It was rumoured amongst the officers that the Caradoe which had just arrived from Constantinople had brought the proper firmans for the entry, in case of need, of the pubaage of the Dardanelles. ----------- The naval forces united at Besika Bay are thus ' composed : BlllllBll.—Ships of the line : Britannia, flagship of Vice- Admiral Dundas, 120 guns ; Trafalgar, 120; Albion, 90; Vengeance, 84 ; Bellerophon, 78. Frigate : Arethusa, 50 guns. Steam frigates: Retribution, 28 guns; Sampson, 16; Firebrand, 6; Tiger, 16. Steam corvettes: Niger, 16 guns; Furious, 16; Fury, 6; Inflexible, 6; Wasp, 14; Modeste, 18. Steam packet Caradoc, 2 guns. Total, 18 vessels; 776 guns. Fasscu.—Ships of the line : Ville de Paris, Bag-ship of Vice-Admiral de la Stine, 112 guns; Valmy, 120. Steam ships of the line : Montebello, 120 guns ; Henry I V., 100 ; Napoleon, 90; Bayard, 90; Charlemagne, 80. Ship of the line: Jupiter, 80 guns. Steam frigates: Mogador, 16 guns; Sane, 14; Magellan, 14. Steam corvette : Caton, 6 guns. Despatch steamer : Chaptal, 2 guns. Total, 13 ves sels ; 844 gnus. The Turkish fleet is conceigrated at the northern extremity of the Bosphorus, from Therapia to the Black Sea. It is composed f 35 ships, two of them three-deckers, three tw3-deckers, ten frigates, four corvettes, eight brigs, and eight steamers, four of which are of large dimensions. The most important wt of the fleet is at anchor opposite the villages of Buyukdere and Sari-yeri. • The firman guaranteeing the rights and privileges of the religious communities, was read on the 12th inst. in each of the Patriarchates in Constantinople, in the presence of the principal members of the con gregation. On the following day, Monday, four Metropolitans and four principal members of each of the Christian communities, delivered to Reschid Pasha an address to the Sultan, thanking him for his paternal protec tion of the Christiana under his government. FRANCE. 3 formerly a superior officer of the imperial armies, and received the cross of officer from the hands of the Emperor Napoleon I. on the field of battle of Mont mired. Rear-Admiral Penaud has been appointed director of the cabinet and chief of the staff of the Minister of Marine and Colonies, in the room of Rear-Admiral Charner, sent to sea. Captain Chopart, assistant member of the board of works of the navy, has been , named a member of the board, in the room of Cap.. tan Count de Gueydon nominated governor of Mar tinique; and Captain Paris has been named assistant member of the board. The final quotations of the Bourse show a fall of 70c. in the Four-and-a-Half per Cents., and M 50e. in the Three per Cents., both for money; whilst in the quotations for the end of the month, both the Three per Cents. and Four-and-a-Half per Cents. declined 33c. Bank of Franco shares also receded 10f. Closing prices:—For cash: Three per Cents. 76.30; Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 101.05. For the account: Three per Cents., 76.25; Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 101.05. Bank stock, 2 ,675. Northern, 882; Orleans, 1,053; Paris and Stras bourg, 885.50 ; Paris and Lyons, 898; l'aris and Rouen, 1,030 ; Lyons to the Mediterranean, 720.50 ; Western of France, 720.50.._ BOU WM. PARIS. Jome 30. Mcc For 1, ay.1,033.30:1111.00.11.33.33, Cot Account. 76 50 I 76 65 I 76 U . ( 76 U Seer Oenra. ; 76 36 43 per Cent*, ISiS 44 per Cents., :333 101 3 4 er Cents. M . I ;ex Ceeta.New Loss' _____ .1 Cloddy& 1=1"7- 1 - Exchange OonLO•dell : "it.iiiit. Is; 80 Ear., 24 27 3• _ nolg4anorCt.lB4o 97 Mow Naples gents Do. 1 Do. 2 Piedmont 3 p.Ct 9B 25 Treasury Bonds ... ... Do. S. 11153 PAILS, JUNE 30.-Bt. Germain 1,600 ; Versailles (right hala), —; ditto ( let tank ), —; Pane and Orleans., 1,052 30; Pans ant Rouen, I , o ' o ; Bourn and Havre, 475 ; Mar...lllam end Aviesen (concerted', • etrashonro and Bale. 310; Northern, 882 50; Pula sect Stiashourg, 883; Dart , and Lyme. 897 20; Lyons and Mediterranean, 770 ; Ones:, 720 ; Caen and Cherbourg. 802 SO ; Dual and &rancor, 515 ; Midi, 61u , Moo. tcrean and Troyea, 390; Gralssesion and Beziers, —; Eordeauz and Teats. 370; Bleame and Bt. Dtziet to Gray, 529; Dieppe and Feeamp, —; Bceaux, M. THE WEST INDIA MAILS. soul [AMPTON, FRIDAY. Arrived : the Magdalena. Her dates are : Jamaica, June 9; Demerara, 9; Vera Cruz, 4 ; Trinidad, 9; Clams, 8; St. Thomas, 16. Twelve persons have died on board the Magdalena, chiefly from yellow fever. Amongst them is Lieut. Scriven, the Admiralty agent. Commodore Mac quhae, the commander of the West India squadron, died of yellow fever on board the Trent ; the first and second engineers and seven men have ded on board the Medway ; the punter and fourth officer are dead. The yellow fever is raging fearfully at Jamaica and St. Thomas. . _ The Magdalena met with the screw steamer Hy dupes on the 27th, and brought her mail home. The Hydaspes had broken down. Amongst the cargo on board the Magdalena is specie to the value of nearly one million of dollars. At Jamaica political affairs arc still unsettled. The House of Admiralty meets daily and then prorogues. Copper continues to be found in great abundance and of rich quality. From Mex►co we learn that Alaman, the Mexican Foreign Minister, was dead, and Santa Anna was embarrassed to replace him. Tranquillity was restored at Vera Cruz. The new tariff was not published when the packet sailed from Vera Cruz, and the additional export duty on specie was for the time abandoned. A large money conductor was expected at Vera Cruz in time for the July packet. PARIS, THURSDAY EVENING. Despatches from Jassy of the 19th inst. announa that the European consuls had been informed by the reigning prince of Moldavia, that ho had received official intelligence of the speedy entrance of the Russian troops. The Selina month of the Danube has only 7 t feet of water, although elsewhere the river is full, and at some points overflowing. Steam communication be tween Galata and Constantinople is cut off. Two hundred vessels laden with grain are unable to get away. Admiral Hamelin, who is this day appointed to supersede Admiral do la Susse in the command of the Mediterranean squadron, has an excellent repu tation in the navy. Having never taken any part in politics he is little known in Paris, and he has not, like the very few admirals remaining from the last gene ral war, such as Baudin and Parseval Duchesne, had any opportunity of acquiring a fighting celebrity as a commander. But during many years of varied service in the South Seas and on the coast of Africa he has been known as an excellent officer, and it is the general opinion among naval men that under his command the fleet will be kept in the highest state of efficiency. The Moniteur contains a fresh boon to the army, which will be especially welcome to the troops en camped on the damp soil of Satory. Tobacco, the price of which is about 4f. per kilogramme, is to be supplied to the troops at the rate of lf. 64c. The decree contains a proviso that only 10 grammes per day is to be served out at this price to each non commissioned officer and soldier. It also states that farther measures will be taken to prevent abuses of the privilege. Under the ancient monarchy, it was the practice, from 1719, to insert a condition in the farming leases, that the contractors should supply the army at a reduced rate. In 1791, when the tobacco trade was thrown open, the privi lege naturally ceased. But in 1814, when the state resumed the monopoly, 4fr. 50e. was fixed as the price of " cantine tobacco for the soldier. This ordinance has, however, been seldom acted upon, and indeed the price being somewhat higher than the now market value sufficiently accounts for its having become obsolete. The Ifositeur quotes as a prece dent, to justify the measure now taken, the example of Austria, which gives her army tobacco at a re dueled rate. The decree does not apply to officers. It appears, by a textual copy of the last note addressed by M. de Nesselrode to Reachid Paths, that an expression in the first line, which has been much noticed, was wrongly reported in the previous versions. M. Nesselrode was made to say, The Emperor, my august master, has just informed me," &o.; and this phraseology was taken as a confirma tion of the report that Nicholas had personally car ried on the correspondence with Blenchikoff during the stay of the latter at Constantinople. The official text, however,is " The Emperor, my august master, has just been informed," &c. ; and so all the superstructure built upon the other version falls to the ground. The note does not contain the expression, about which there has been some controversy, that in case of the refusal of the ultimatum Russia would enter the Turkish empire "in a few weeks," but it will be seen, on reference to the context, that this does not imply a delay after the rejectiou of the ultimatum should be known. When the note was dated May 81st, it was evident that a few weeks must elapse before the answer could arrive at St. Petersburg, and the necessary orders be given in consequence. The Univers says that Lord de Radcliffe has taken a step in favour of the Jews at Constantinople, which has produced an excellent affect. He Called perso. nally upon the Greek patriarch Germano, to request his attention to the complaints made by the Jews 'of the insults and ill treatment to which they are habitually subjected by the Greeks. This journal also says that its correspondent speaks of a rumour in Constantinople, that an explanatory note had been received from St. Petersburg, which seemed to open a door to fresh negotiations. The note it was said stated, that the Sultan's ministers had mis understood the intentions of the Emperor Nicholas. The Univers, however, while giving this report, ex presses a belief that it is unfounded. t , h a, formerly Minister of Foreign as The Duchess of Gloucester gave a grand concert Artin pt, haa arrived with his family at Marseilles lest night, at Gloucester House , to which t he Q ueen and in Egy by the Eurotas, on their way to Paris. Prince Albert were invited. The Hhig and Queen of The Phare de la Loire of the 27th says : Hanover, and all the members of the royal family also A report was circulated this morning that the naval attended the re-union. The Quer a and Prince Albert authorities had received orders by telegraph to suvind the arrived at 10 minutes past 10 o'clock, accompanied by the levy of seilon. This rumour is without any foundation. Prince and Princess of Prussia, the Duke and Duchess of One telegraphic despatch only has been received, and that, Sixe-Cobourg Gotha, and the Prince of HohenloheLan so far from ordering the suspension of the levy, fixes the contingent to be furnithed by Nantes at 132 men. genbourgh. The Courtier du Jfavre states that, in consequence The music of the evening was chiefly selected from the of the levy of seamerl for the navy, the merchant works of fdeyerbeer, Blosini, Blumenthal, Mercadante, and vessels in that port find some difficulty in procuring Donisetti, and war, executed by Mesdames Castellan and their complement of hands. Wages have cense- Viardot, and Signori and Beletti. quontly risen from 601 r. a month to 63fr, and Her Blejesty and the Prince Consort retired shortly after even 60fr. inith4ll l a., *accompanied ty their illustrious guests, and con- General Antonio Crotti, in the service of H.R.H. ducte?, as upon their arrival. The other royal visitors the Duke of Parma., has been promoted to the rank shortly followed, and the company had separated before of Comronnder of the Legion of Honour. Ht Was 1 o'clock. THE LEVANT MAIL. SOUTHAMPTON, Fain/iv Moss iso. The Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company's ship City of London, Captain Cargill, arrived here this morning with dates from Constan tinople 14th June; Smyrna, 16th; Malta, 20th; Gibraltar, 25th inst. She brings four packages specie, value 3,6241., and a large and valuable cargo of Levant produce, including fruit, silks, wool, ivory, scammeny, and opium. The City of London passed the British end French fleets at anchor in Besika Bay. The intelligence by this steamer from the East has been anticipated. • From Gibraltar we have accounts to the 25th ult. The Tagus steamer left on that day for Southampton, viii Cadiz, Lisbon, and Oporto. The Ripon, with the outward India and China mails of the 24th ult., tunched at Gibraltar, en route for Alexandria, on the 25th. At Gibraltar, on the 25th ult., exchange on London was quoted 51 to Me ; Spanish pillared dollars, 31 per cent. premium. got Court. Prince Albert, accompanied by the Printe of Prussia and the Duke of Saxe Coburg Gotha, left Buck ingham Palace, at half-put nine yesterday morning, for the Camp, at Chobham. Captain the Hon. Dudley de Res, Count Puckler, Count Gaits, and Baron Tresk.ow being in attendance on their royal highnesses. The Queen left Buckingham Palace at half-past eleven for the Camp,. accompanied by the Princess Royal, the Princess Alice, and the . Princess Louise of Prussia, the Duchess of Sue Coburg Gotha, and the Prince of Hohen lobe Langenbourg. The royal suite consisted of the Countess of Mount Edgcumbe, the Countess Oriolla, and Lord Charles Fitzroy. Her Majesty and Prince Albert, accompanied by their royal visitors, returned to Buckingham Palace soon after five o'clock. The Queen and Prince Albert, accompanied by the Prince and Princess of Prussia, the Duke and Duchess of Saxe Cobourg Gotha and the Prince of Hobenlohe Langenbourg, went at ten minutes to 10 o'clock last evening to visit the Duchess of Gloucester, at her residence, Gloucester • House, Piccadilly. The royal suite consisted of the Countess of Mount Edgcumbe, the Hon. Eleanor Stanley, the Honourable Beatrice Byng, the Countess Van Backe, the Countess °Hollis, Baroness de Wanghenheim, the Marquis of Ormond*, Major-General Berkeley Drummond, the Master of the Household, Lord Charles Fitzroy, Captain the Hon. Dudley de Roe, Count Puckler,_ Count Oohs, Count Boos, Baron Secbach, and Baron Treskow. The Duchess of Kent, accompanied by the Princess Adelaide of Hohen lobe Langebourg, and attended by Lady Anna Maria Daw son and Lord James Murray, went from Clarence House, St. James's, to be present at the concert given by the Duchess of Gloucester last evening. The Duchess of Kent visited the Duchess of Cambridge yesterday at her residence in St. Jamee's Palace. The Commanding Officer and the Officers of the Escort of the 2nd Life Guards, which attended his Majesty the King of Hanover to Buckingham Palace, on the occasion of the christening of Prince Leopold—the Lieutenant of the hon. carps of Gentlemen-at-Arms, commanding the Guard of Honour to his Majesty in the palace and the Officer commanding the Escort of Royal Horse Guards ow the King's visit to Windsor, had the honour of dining with his Majesty in Grosvenor-place on Wednesday evening. Mr. Joseph Hume, M.P., had an interview with the Earl of Aberdeen yesterday at his official residence in Downing-street. A deputation on the subject of the Extension Line of Railway to Bantry had an interview with the Right Hon. E. Cardwell yesterday at the Board of Trade. The depu tation consisted of the Earl of Bandon, Mr. Wrinkworth, Mr. F. T. Mackreth, Sir M. Barrington, Mr. P. D. Jeffers, Mr. John A. Radcliffe, Mr. Thomas, and Col. Chat terton. Mr. Fitaames and Mr. Hamilton had interviews yester day with the Earl of Aberdeen. Shortly after the union of the English and French fleets in Besika Bay Admiral Dundee with his captains paid a visit to Admiral de la Susie, and invited him with all his commanders to a grad dinner, to be given on the 20th. THE QUEEN AND PRINCE ALBERT AT GLOUCESTER HOUSE.