The Express. — London, England, 1847-11-15 00:00:00

short supply, bat price* are about the same as on Friday. Pigs are not selling quite so well, owing to the mild weather. Fres Holland and Germany we have 422 Beasts, 2,260 Sheep, aad 45 Calves; 120 Beata from Ireland ; and 20 from Holland. Per stone of alba a 4. ad. Per does of Its. ad. cot Der Sers. Hereferia. .46 4 1 Der Dirt alf..bes. R. 0 0 0 Asa esortbasee ;Wood raft Mmes 30 3 Do. do. Shorn ...... 0 0 • Calre . 44 6 tree and mord irate 4 4 4 • Dario at market. 3.748; Obese end Es, 20.00 ; 137; 12m. no. CiiitLatsterLD FAIL: This great county cattle fair was held on Friday, and, unlike most others in that part of the kingdom of late, there was an excellent supply of Sheep sad Cattle of all kinds, and • far greater briskness in the trade, its easy access by railway attracting, besides the lewd dealers, many London butchers and others from the metro polis, by some of whom considerable purchases were made. The number of Sheep offered was estimated at from 10,000 to 12,000, some of them in excellent condition, and few with any signs of the much-talked-of disease about them. The lowest prise for Ewes was 11. 16.., and the best fetched as high as 2!. 2s. per head ; good Wethers sold freely, at an advance of ls. to ls. 6d. per head upon the rates obtained at the late fairs. Hereford and Welch Beasts, of which there was a good supply, averaged, the former from 151. to 161., and the latter about 131. per head. Scot. were also taken off freely at advanced rates. The improved state of affairs arises from the feet that the farmers and grazier have delayed aa long as possible buying in their winter stock, from alarm at the prevalence of the disease, and are obliged to come in as purchasers to the last fairs Of the year, as the green crops generally are reported excellent; and, says our informant, a real practical man, " from what I saw of the condition of the stock at this fair I am satisfied that the disease has greatly subsided." EXRTER, Nov. 12.-The supply of Bullocks and Sheep was rather large for the time of year, added to which was a lot of fat Heifers from Ireland, which met a dull sale at the following quotations Fat Bullocks, Os. 6.1. to 10s. 3d. per reeve. Sheep, Gi. to 61d. per le. ; Lambs, Gd. to 61d. Cartel, 51d. to 6d. Keeping Sheep, 271. to 30s. each. ; Lambe, 18s. to 245. Cows and Calves, 91. to 141. Barrenen, 40.64. to 5s 6d. per score. FAnsil.l3l FMB, Nov. 13.-This fair but poorly attended. There were plenty of Beasts for fattening offered, but only the best were picked out. Irish, and other inferior Olen were not saleable at any price. Horses were plentiful, but few eery good for driving or riding ; such sold readily at good prices. All cart Colts and other heavy Horses, of good symmetry, were in demand. A fair number penned, yet prices were inclined to go down ; some of the best South Dowes, Wethere, Ewes, and Lambe sold readily ;:inferior remaining in the hands of those first offering them. Ewes fetched from 30a. to 365. each ; Lambs, 225. to 325. ; We there, from 34a. to 42a. KINGSTON FAIR, Nov. 13.-There were not so many Beasts by at least two thousand as last year, yet trade was exceedingly dull. There were some very fine Devon* ; the best sold at from 121. to 141. per head ; moderate, at from 101. to 121.; the poorer sorts hung on hand, though offered at from 71. to 91. ; some fine Herefords sold at 1l 1. to 131. ; other descriptions at from 91. to 101. Fine Scott Beasts, though rough, 71. to 10/. each.; choice Welsh, from 71. to ; middling, 6!. Irish were generally very small and poor, many remaining unsold. Foreign Osen were in size, make, and quality, so indifferent that but few found purchasers. The best uncolved Cows and Heifers were soon taken by the London dairymeo, at good prices, some very superior making from 181. to 201. ; moderate, at 151. to 161. Pigs : Fat large Hogs were lower by 2s. to 3.. each ; is. to 4s. 4d. the stone of 81be. being the highest given. Some delicate Porkers, 4s. 6d. to do. 82., of which nearly all were sold. There was about the usual quantity penned; all good Sheep, of every description, sold readily ; the beet Downs, 355. to 40s. each ; smeller, 30 , . to 325. Down Lambs, 265. to 325. ; poor, 22e. to 245. ; half-bred Ewes, 36e. Lambe, 26e. to 3.55.; Wethers, 401. to lies. Dorset Horns, Wethers, 40s. to 46e.; Ewes, 365. to 38s. ; Lambs, 26.. to 30s. ; foreign Sheep, 304. to 36.. ; small, 26e. to 28s. Fat Sheep, of best quality, were sold at 4s. 6d. to 4s. 10d. per et.; large, 4s. 4d. ; poor, 4s. to to 4s. 2d. ; foreign, 3+. 10,1. to lc Many poor Sheep, both fat and leen, were unso'd. Of Horse., a rather large fair ; some very tine large coach and hunting Horse.. which made very great priers; some selling at from 601. to 701. each ; good Cobs, gig Horse., and riding Nags, were sold readily at from 301. to 401. A splendid assortment of large draught Colts and Horses, which appeared to meet with a ready sale, at large sums; some fine 3-year-old. reached 451. to 50!. each; good, 35/. to 401 ; moderate, rather aged, but useful animals. 251. to 301. ; some fine Cobs reached 20 guineas ; middling, 161. to 18/. Ponies, best shape and make, 121. to 161. ; common, 81. There appeared more doing lin the Horse fair than in any other part. LEEDS, Nov. 10.-In consequence of our annual winter statute fair taking place this week, the supply of home-fed Beasts and Sheep at this day's market has been limited, and the market dull ; but, eventually, the whole were disposed of, at the following average prices :-Number of Beasts, 300. Beef, from Ga. 6d. to n. 6.1. per stone of 161 b. Number of Sheep, 2,600. Mutton, from 6d. to Old. per lb. YORK, Nov. 11.-This morning there was a fair supply of both fat and lean Beasts, which met with ready purchasers, the former realising 6s. to 6s. 6d, per stone. An average number of Sheep was brought forward, which sold at Gd. per lb. ENNISRILLEN.-Our fair was better supplied with Stock of every description than anypreeeding one for some month.. Fat and milch Cows were in good demand, and many of each, particularly the latter, brought high prices. Sheep were rather dearer than usual; but few of them were pur chased. The number of Pigs was veryi inconsiderable, and most of them were brought home unsold. MOHILL FAIR, Nov. 11.-Scarcely a Beast brought the owners more than from 6/. to 81., with little demand. Two year-old Stock went off as low ae 21. to 31. 10s. In on respects the fair was much complained of, and thinly attended for any purpose of traffic. MULLING tit FAIR.-There were a good many buyers on the green, but the quantity of stock was very limited, as all the late fairs were discouraging to sellers. Perhaps the great increase in price over late fairs is owing to the scarce supply of stock ; however, let it arise from what cause it may, prime Beef brought 50s. per cwt. ; and, on an average, each beast realised to the owner an increase of 2/. in value. Mutton sold equally well ; and all descriptions of stock participated, to some degree, in the ascending scale. Horses (for which the fair is famous) were in great numbers, and many changed owners at remunerating prices. 1751. was the highest price we heard named for a Horse at the fair. A good many long tails were purchased for the army, at about the regulation price. On the whole, the fair has been a most satisfactory one. DUMFRIES, Nov. 10.-Of drove Cattle there was a poor supply, and not much looked alter, cattle for wintering being most inquired for; sales, however, were slow, and prices es near as may be at the raves of last week. A good many were untold. Cheviots, brocklesa and black-faced R 2112., Ewes, and Lambs slow sales. For Sationisfea Mantas am kW pap. SHIPPING. MAILS ARRMID.—Dublis.6: Waterford, 4; Deneghadee, 2 ; Guernsey, &c., 1; French, 2 ; Flanden, 2 ; Holland, 1; Lisbon, 1. LONDON, Nov. 15.—Wind this day at noon, W.S.W., light breeze and hazy. DBAL, Nov. 13.—N.N.W.; 14th, W.N.W.—Arrived: Hymen, Prince Edward's Island; Peen, Victoria, and Jane, Quebec, and sailed for Chatham. 14th,',Gertrude, New York; Diadem, St. John's, N.B. Sailed: Lahore, Jamaica; Nau tilus, Bombay ; Kite, Madras; Montezuma, New York; Arrived from the river and sailed : Columbia, New Orleans ; Thetis, Yarmouth, N.S. ; Rookery, Launceston ; Copy, Gambia. Arrived from the river: Adventure, South Seam. Sailed: Soolo, Batavia; Thetis, Madras; Regina, St. Lucia; Coronation, and Henrietta, New Orleans; and the whole of the outward-bound. 14th : A Prussian brig, ham Shields to Lisbon, coal-laden, got on shore on the Goodwin Sands this morning, in thick weather, but was 'misted off, and pro ceeded to the North Foreland. Ten casks, apparently palm oil, were pasand on the 10th inst., in lat. 49, long. 10, by the Gertrude, in the Downs. Orr Hasrunie, Nov. 13.—Braailianeren, Rio Grande, for Copenhagen. PORTSMOUTH, Nov. 13.—N.W. to W.S.W.—Put back: Ruby, for Madura and Tobago. Off port: Cato, St. Kitt's. SOUTHAMPTON, Nov. 14.—S. by E.—Arrived: Emma Searle, and Anglicans , Quebec • Jenny Lind, Prince Edward's Island ; Ment ' oes (st.), Gibraltar, &c. Sailed : Marchioness Breadalbane, Alexandria. BRISTOL, Nov. 14.—W.N.W. fresh.—Arrived: Bethel, St. John's, N.B. i_Countem Mulivave, Quebec. OLOUCRSTSR, Nov. 13.—Arrived : George Ramsay, and Briton Quebec. • . . . . . . POOLE, Nov. 13.—Arrived Faith, Newtoundleaul. FOWET, Nov. : Royal Adelaide, New Orleans. _ CORM Nov. 14 —S.W.—Arrived : Rowena, Sierra Leone. DiRTWOOTH, Nov. 14.—W. N. W.—Arrivet . Chitty, Latmulor. WESTPORT, Nov. 9.—The Mary Eleanor, for London, is stranded, without damage, and will be off next tide. CLYDE, Nov. 12.—The Arethess, which sailed from Rothe may for Trinidad, was in contact with the schooner Bellies Law, for Um,rick, near Ails& Craig, on the Ilth inst., when the latter immediately_ sank_; crew Dead. OFF THE WIGHT, NOY, 13.—Cho, Demerara; ARE, Elias, and Jane, Quebec, OFF Sr. IVES HEAD, NOT. 10.—Sidney, of Glasgow, Bay of Hoodoos.. -..----.- . KIN:0110A ne,Nov. 13.—Arrieed : George Ramsay, Quebec. SOUTHAMPTON, Nov. 14.—The barque Amity, of and for rpool from Richibucto, wee Laren in with on the 28th ult., lat. 48 N., long. 43, water logged, and twelve of the crew taken off, by the Jenny Lind, arrived here. Six trans ferred to the Rebecca, from Pugwash for the Clyde, and six drown ee!. .- PENZANCE, Nov. 13.—The Swan, from Jersey to the Clyde, was wrecked on Buck Point, on the 11th inst., during • fog ; crew saved. Bausrot, Nov. 13.—The Margaret, of Waterford, from Quebec, was passed, dismasted, isy the Briton, arrived in Kingroad. STRANOPORD, Nov. 11.—The Hero, of London, on the rocks near the South light, has become a total wreck. DUNBAR, Nov. 12.—The Industry (sloop), of Shields, from Borrowstonee to Newcastle, was totally wrecked near St. Abb's Head on the 10th inst. ; crew saved. Yanstourn, Nov. 13. The Parkins, of Newcastle, foundered on the Lemon Sand this morning ; crew eared. HULL, Nov. 14.—W.S.W.—Arrived -. Truelove, with 6 fish, Si tuns; Abram, 4 fills, 30 tuns; Lord Gambier, 6 fish, 70 tuns, Davis'. Straits; Prince-Regent, Quebec. Wryer; mor, Nov. 13. Arrived : William and Mary, Quebec. The Cambria, of Gloucester, was fallen in with, 28th ult., disrnaated and fell of water ; master, second mate, and 12 of the crew taken off by the William and Mary. , - ght eppregifs. The mile ho Vlsk IMP" kale% Oidi. eiel Gibraltar will he sob op ele Illo .s. aft IT* Iftwaslisr. Us Weft LlB. lllemode. Ileum Itatheaa, Bcoalmet New Odemik Veen Ono, Sategieo. mil Palo WON am mere . Ohm Or 111010 Iliztha io.N ettair v z P. Woleamt==c 4 dol It. leso-do. meths mob op ot SO efieshe deo 711 t hot The rib he Mal Meth Alamelso, Berotada. had the United Alma wlll is mob alp Oa lir ~lliad the Pith November. Theeposind millefir ellmaier Netts, anon, tbe lowan Itles4a Ileppe.han.eiplio.ledia. ,aaa Mae. eta Boathesaptea it • mil epee Ile neeolopilbe NOWlTibff. TM embed Ord aselb, AD INsissaka, to the Mediterreara, Wok MILIIII. MN' DM& k., will be made up ea the ofthe Ilte seille ler suw /meth Welsh Yea Dieseea's Land. lad New es pij IM leatesiedl to useleoplo the wig et dote* Nevoislor. llte mob kr in Iffledeottelose Who, Ferme able. 1111MaIrs, arl Ams. lielojiesTbee• map up the nt =Pi date 4th Dietoolor. 001111/1303ND UM& 0 .• Latrlloooo 1010021.• TY Lyme% beat. ~km m•st ft at the 010%1 0. Ileemitabee% N Iwo earth Ho 44y poblieWr ■IOB WATIR AT L.OI , IIIONAIII DOE. TN,. Day —lfe.slag. 20 ad. Not 6 . Alteseem. 1T ab. ►W I. T►l/Nwa—Ywly. IS AAA. pool •IMMM. i s W. AAA ;. LONDON, MONDAY, NO V. 15. IF the intervention of France and Austria in the quarrels of the Swiss could have a tolerable pretext, it would be that of humanity—a determination on the , part of two powerful governments to prevent the people of Switzerland from slaughtering each other and engaging in a civil war, fierce and bigot, like those of three centuries back. Ilut the project was whispered of letting the parties first fight it out, of leaving the Swiss to themselves, provided the Jesuits triumphed and succeeded in fettering the liber ties of the person, of the press, and of education, but of interfering with an armed force to undo any victory that the liberal Swiss might gain. This is a proposal more despotic, more retrograde, more bigot, more subversive of the independence of free nations, and more negative of their progress, than any ukase that ever issued from the Holy Alliance in its most inso lent and inquisitorial day. We have often declared ourselves to be no admirers of M. OCHSENBEXN and of the extreme radical parties of either Berne, Lausanne. or Geneva. But the leaders and the ideas of these nen are enlightenment itself, compared with the men and the policy which guide the Lucernese and the Forest cantons. On both sides it is the rustic and peasant class which has overmas tered not only the aristocratic but the civic, and thus introduced bigotry and rusticity into the cantonal executives. What is the true, the natural remedy for this revo lution, which has placed the most illiterate portion of the Swiss at the head of the country, and subjected the more intelligent to the least intelligent portion of the community ? The true remedy lies in a greater centralisation, not only of the force of the govern ment, but of the federal legislature, and in the dimi nution of that cantonal independence which the con servatives of Switzerland would keep up for the sake of the few strongholds where they predominate. But if we look round Switzerland, and ask what are the powers and parties which tend to violence and bigotry and extremes, and what are the powers and parties which recommend moderate measures, make conciliatory proposals, and appoint moderate and rational persons to office, things answer for them selves. The cantonal councils and executives are all fierce, uncompromising, carried violently on to one extreme or another. Whilst every act of the Diet, or of the Swiss confederation, is mild, conciliating, and in the the that moderate men would choose. Why is M. OCIISENBEIN chief magistrate of the confederation ? Because it is not the confederation which chooses him, but his own 'cantonal party. The diet, when called on to appoint a military commander, selected M. Du FOVR, as moderate a man as OCIISENBEIN is violent. Nothing could be more fair than the diet's decision in the quarrel of the Argovian convents. Nothing could be more fair than the offer of the Diet to Lucerne, that, if the Jesuits could be put away from their position in Lucerne, which rendered them actual rulers of all Switzerland in the year that Lucerne was Vorort, no more would be required. The only hope of bringing back peace to Switzerland, consistently with its preservation of freedom and independence, would be to discounte nance both extreme parties, whether radical or Jesuit, and not do as France has done—excite one against the other. The chief cause of the predominance of the democratic party in Berne and Lausanne, is simply the predominance of the Jesuits in Lucerne. One coarse and violent extreme naturally begets its oppo site to counteract it. The true mode of neutralising that radical and revo lutionary spirit, which France and Austria affect to be so afraid of, would be to give full and increased powers to the Diet, to make it sovereign beyond the power of resistance, and to give it the authority to choose a new executive. The Pact, as it stands, is but a source of civil war, with the executive powers going in rotation from the Jesuits to the leaders of the free corps, from monk to revolutionist. The late choice of officers oade by the Diet, proves that this body, had it the power, possesses wisdom, and patience to choose the right and moderate course, and, we have no doubt, the Diet would gladly decree that Lucerne and Berne were both governed by parties too extreme to admit of either of them wisely or fitly leading the confederation, and that Zurich ought to be the perma nent Vorort, until some federal or executive govern ment, more congenial to the necessities of the age, could be invented. Louts PHILIPPE and M. GUIZOT might indeed oppose this. Any approach to an elective execu tive fills the former with horror. And the idea of American federalism in the midst of Europe is a spectre that haunts the King of the FRENCH, and assumes to him the shape and promise of a future avenger of his despotic tendencies and ultra-kingly acts. In order to obviate this, and to exorcise the spectre, the influence of the French government is exerted to force Switzerland back into the old iron armoury of the middle ages ; to entrench bigotry, both of religion and politics, in each canton ; to neutralise and render impossible all central govern ment, and thus emasculate the Swiss republic. As Austria and Russia combined to swallow Cracow, which they dreaded, France and Austria have now undertaken to do the same by Switzerland. But Switzerland is too much developed, too full-grown, too much inspired by old honour, freedom, and tradi tion ; its links of sympathy are far too strong both with Germany and France, and, in short, Switzerland has far too much vitality to be trodden down or trodden out. And, for our part, we place more faith in the duration of Swiss nationality and independ ence, than in that of either of the liberticide houses of BOURBON and LORRAINE. IT has been observed, that of the railway works un dertaken or planned duriag the last two years—sup posing it admitted, for the sake of argument, that they have been extended beyond their due propor tion, to the detriment of the national resources—a large part has been, directly or indirectly, called into being by the acts and declarations of public men, and by the favour with which eerta;n principles were I regarded in parliament ; that, had legislation been guided by wise and comprehensive dews in deal ing with the new schemes, at a time when they' might have been properly controlled, that rapid in crease in railway engagements, which we are now advised to check by some violent pro cess, would have been usefully restrained in many quarters. The value of this observation for practical uses might be inconsiderable, were no hints for the future to be gathered from a review of the past. Such, however, is not the case here. On look ing at the causes to which an erroneous course of legislation may be ascribed, there will be found ma terials by which the value of such measures as may be proposed for its guidance hereafter will be suitably tested. Nor can the working account of recent ses sions be regarded as cloeed with respect to one con-' siderable branch of the subject On the gauge ques tion they have left to thew successors a legacy of undetermined strife, which has not only swelled to a high degree the total of railway expenditure by various schemes now in progress, but which must be ended in some effectual manner, and that without farther delay, if it be not intended that the waste and derangement it has already caused shall proceed in an increasing ratio hereafter. We have thus in the survey of past transactions two points at least of practical bearing on the future discussions of the railway question. The first arises from a revision of the manner in which bills were disposed of by parliament, coupled with the fact that some desire was shown by the government to classify and control them, bat that it effected nothing what ever in either way. To the causes of these matters of fact we must refer in any useful inquiry respecting the principles to be applied to future plans of regula tion, whenever theydesoend from the region of general phrases to realities. The second meets us in the pressing necessity of doing something on a question which must become more perplexed and intractable the longer it is left open. Here again will be seen not only the inefficacy of the means hitherto applied, but the impossibility of clearing up the disorder caused by trifling with the subject without taking plainly and resolutely a new method. To this second question we shall confine what we have to my in the present article. The matter with which parliament had to deal two years since, when the gauge commission was called for, was not, as we pointed out on the presentation of the commissioners' report last year, by any means a settlement of the abstract merits of the contending systems. It was to determine—seeing that two sys tems already existed in certain relative proportions— bow the existing difference could be best adjusted under actual circumstances. The main feature of I these was the plain fact that more than three-fourths of the railway mileage of the kingdom, and all the main communications over a still larger proportion of the surface of the kingdom, had been formed on lines of a certain dimension. It then remained to be seen whether it was well that the spread of a different class should continue, and whether uniformity was or was not desirable: and, if desirable, how it might be promoted, or how, at least, the multiplication of discrepancies in the general system might be avoided. To the determination of these points, the government were urged by parlia ment ;—and having undertaken the charge, they pro duced, in 1846, the Gauge Commissioners' Report, a document of a practical and judicious character; satisfactory to all impartial minds, and only im pugned by the decided partisans of the exceptional system, the spread of which the report did not ap prove of. The sum of their inquiries was to the following effect : and the conclusion, it may be added, agreed to at the time by those who were the beet qualified to judge on the subject without bias, and only further confirmed by subsequent occurrences : that in the particular dimension which had been chosen, by accident, fur the standard width of passenger railways, there was no abstract excellence whatever ; but that it had been proved sufficient for all working purposes ; that being so, no reason could be shown to compensate the dis advantage of changing from this to a greater width the 3,000 miles already opened or planned on the established scale. That, in some respects, the broad gauge was leas convenient for traffic : that its peculiar merits, for practical purposes, were confined to the item of speed : and that this was not decided enough to outweigh the inconvenience of a brake at every point where of different gauges should meet. That no me thod could effectually remove this great inconvenience; and that uniformity of dimension waa the prime condi tion on which alone the full benefit of railway transit could be ensured to all parts of the island. The com missioners, however, did not go so far as to recom mend any forcible reduction of the extant wide lines, which were then confined to the western counties, to the established standard; but they were of opinion that nothing at least should be done to carry the in conveniences of a variation in gauge into other dis tricts, and therefore advised that the exceptional system should not be allowed to proceed beyond the region in which it had been first tried. This was evi dently the mildest shape in which the common-sense view of the subject could be followed out. Could the welfare of the country have been promoted without regard to any of the individual bodies in it, the proper course would obviously have been to insist upon the absolute reduction of all railways to the same gauge: and the speediest and cheapest way, by many degrees, of doing this would have been to narrow the wider lines. The cost of simply bringing the rails nearer to each other would have been slight; the only expense of any consequence being the replacing of the stock. The mileage of stocked lines on the wide gauge was not at that time much above 200 miles ; while of the narrow lines in the same con-1 dition, which could not have been widened without reconstructing all their main works, there were about 1,000. This plain course, however, it might have been thought a hardship to enforce. It was not re commended by the commissioners. They did not venture to advise that the mistake should be wholly eradicated by authority. But they did propose mea sures calculated to prevent its consequences hum spreading further. And had their advice then been fol lowed, the evil would nit have been so considerable as to cause any serious disadvantage to the chief com merce of the country; the rivalry that has since charged its resources with millions to be spent on the hostile plans of the contending gauges would have been in a great measure prevented. At this point was shewn no very favourable dis play of government interference in a case in which, of all others, the state could have interposed, and ought to have acted on the information laid before it by its own agents. Between the presentation of the report and the appearance of a ministerial bill founded on it, the Great Western party were busy in agitating against the commissioners. They canvassed parlia ment diligently, got up a "demonstration" of M.P.'s to besiege in hisoffiee the wavering head of the Board of Trade ; they were understood to have gained—by what means we shall not undertake to declare—a large party in the Lords. The narrow-gauge inte rests, meanwhile, were fur the most part entirely pas sive. The question, indeed, was far more important to the nation at large than it could be to most of the companies whose railways were constructed on the common standard. On the whole, they left it to the government to vindicate the advice of its own coin minion, and to bear, as it ought to have borne, the responsibility of acting upon tt. How this was met is well known. A bill was brought into parliament, late in the session, quite evasive of the best recom mendations in the report, settling nothing, blinking the question which only it could have been in the least useful to determine, leaving the confusion, in short, full scope to become worse than before. That such has been the effect we need hardly remind any one. The opposition of the two gauges has gone on as furiously as ever since the passing of the bill, which was regarded as practically defunct long before the end of the following session—in less than twelve months after it had been passed; and a new inquiry has been asked for to adjust the growing confusion which every one now admits to be mischievous in many ways; and which, could government have done any thing, it ought to have prevented, which might, in deed, have been effected by resolutely acting on the advice of the commissioners appointed by themselves in 1845. The inquiry, how this" lame and impotent conclu sion came to pus," will bring us to the first point mentioned above, which regards the conditions of state interference. It will, probably, be requisite to examine this point in some detail before long. In the mean time, this may be remarked :—On a survey of the railway affairs of the last two years, it will. be wen that some of the most questionable forms of their expenditure in new schemes are the direct growth of this gauge rivalry, which it was the business of the government to have adjusted, and which it had, at one time, a good opportunity of repressing. lly leaving the matter, virtually, to take its own course, the nation has been almost inextricably burdened meanwhile with the inconvenience of two discordant systems, which,—let partisans of the broad gauge say what they will —can never inter change traffic, or forward carriages to sad fro with the convenience and safety that thefiespateh of rail way business requires. It is misobiat at least is a certain one, whether the multiplication of costly schemes, in places where they were not greatly re quired at present, has, or has not been, itself a serious evil, as well as a foolish waste. This waste, as well as the national mischief, the failure of govern ment action, in one of those few cues where its action was really wanted, has directly produced. We have now to inquire what can be done to prevent farther consequences from the same cause. AMONGST the points, on which it is most desirable that clear views should be formed and disseminated, must be ranked the bearing of free competition upon our agricultural interests. An island with limited surface and growing population is driven by the mere growth of its necessities to choose between crops, atter exhausting the suggestions of science and art for the improvement of such crops as habit has rendered favourite and familiar with the farmer. When we find ourselves re duced to the necessity, which clearly prevailed in 1846, of importing both grain and cattle, meal and salted provisions, as well as fowls, eggs, and fruit, the farmer need not complain of want of THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 15, 1847. choice; and our belief is strong that when the British farmer has made his selection,, se will be at no l loss to maintain his ground, as long as it shall suit him to do so, against any rivals. The year 1846 is especially favourable for the prosecution of an inquiry' of the kind--since the removal of the duty on foreign cattle, which took place on the 19th of March of that year, shows what the exertions of our neigh- hours would be to obtain a share of the market thus opened. We find the number of head of cattle imported to be— Horned cattle Caws Horne 471 1 1 5 5 sbeep cad lent. 91,400 The value of this importation cannot be less than a million and a half sterling. We further find-- Salted beef 174,227 ewe. Salted pork These quantities must be valued at at least half a million. Flax seed Rape Tem 37.331 gra. Clover 208,105 cal:. The value of these, united with the minor, but more valuable, quantities of garden and other seeds, is like wise, on a moderate estimate, one million and a half. We further find Butter . 249,897 cwt. Cheese . ..... 34;. ,2G1 Einis Feels £15,249 Considering that the butter is mostly fresh, the value of these provisions is not much below two millions sterling. We further imported flax to the value, in round numbers, of one and a half million, and hemp valued at half a million sterling. The total value of these importations from foreign countries is seven and a half millions, taking them at the prices current in cheap years. Since it will not be asserted that any of these pro ducts depressed in a distressing manner the market price, even though imported in a year of scarcity, we find that our production leaves room for a supply to this extent in a dear year, and, consequently, that in a prosperous season a still larger consumption of all these articles may be expected. If nine mil lions were devoted in a good year to the purchase of articles here enumerated, the question for the farmer would be, where the greatest profit lay ; that is to say, whether his profit would be larger, after defraying all his expenses, upon nine millions ster ling derived from grain, or upon the same sum drawn from rearing cattle, dairy produce, seeds, and fibrous plants. If the latter are less expensive to grow, safe as being well suited to our climate, and have the advantage of no cost of carriage to take from the profit, a prudent speculator will choose them. But he can only do so when assured that an equivalent value will be disposed of elsewhere in providing the grain which his choice of crops may have displaced. Unless corn be abundant, he may be sure that his market will be taken from him, and his produce left upon his hands. But in proportion as corn cheapens, and the sum he causes to be sent abroad purchases increasing quantities of corn, his market for all other produce will widen, and refined cultivation will become remunerative. This is the change which free trade promises to bring about in the cultivation of this country. The study of this problem is, for all concerned in the production or in the consumption of agricultural produce, of equal interest. _ _ _ The manufactured goods imported in 1816 bear the same characteristic with the agricultural imports; but . • here we are on more solid ground. Our great advan tage is not extent of land, but it lies in abundance of capital. The judicious employment of that capital has allowed us to supply a large portion of the globe with cheap clothing, which to our customers is as essential as cheap food is to us. It is our machinery and other productive capital, united with the disposi tion that a civilised community shows to associate in large masses, which gives us manufacturing profits and raises the rate of wages. Wages being for those reasons higher in England than elsewhere, a tempo rary advantage is afforded to such of our neighbours as have labour in abundance, and do not pay it well. From such countries we expect, and we find, that objects produced by hand labour come. But they compete on sorry terms with similar products in our own country. They tell a talc of badly remunerated industry, and we ought almost to be ashamed to tax them 20 pee omit. Some imported articles are, however, of a kind that command a market by superior quality and beauty. Such are many French textile fabrics. Co . ton f 305,539, and 74,819 nieces not valued. Lee 136,583. 1411148 Woollens 313,981. To these we may add watches and clocks, 189,374!.; ornamental glass, 44,7201. ; china, cameos, toys, and artificial flowers, 77,8791. If we wish to have these made at home we must educate the people. It is clear that duties cannot secure such arts. But the large sums that gloves, boots, flint•glass. and various other wares, amount to must either be placed to the account of low wages abroad, or of municipal or less authorised restrictions on labour at home. Oar Paris despatches of Saturday report the con tinuation of the provincial demonstrations in favour of a reform of the abuses which prevail in the electoral and parliamentary system of France—the " reform banquets," as our neighbours call them. Since that' which was recently held at Lille, another, on a like scale, has taken place at Avesne. In relation to these "public meetings " there are two circumstances no ticeable ; first, the opposition given by the govern ment, and its mode of showing it; and, secondly, the invincible repugnancy of the mass of the electors to allow the introduction of the name of the sovereign in any manner which might seem to imply approbation or respect. Wherever the local authorities can obtain an opportunity of interfering to obstruct these meetings they do so, and sometimes in a manner which to English ideas seems curiously incompatible with official dignity. Thus at Avesne the sub-prefect, by order of the minister of the interior, refused to give the usual per mission to hold the meeting in the public hall of the place; whereupon a private individual, an elector of the arrondissement, gave the use of his chateau and pleasure-grounds for the purpose, destroyed the trees and disfigured the plantation, to erect a temporary building, which was rapidly run up in carpentry. Upon this the authorities of the place gave notice that they would cause it to be pulled down, on the pretext of danger of fire, but before they could obtain the aid of the engineers and artillery to carry this measure into effect the meeting took plea , . In most of these meetings it has been thought pru dent to omit the toast to the king, the mention of whose name must have elicited a popular expression not very desirable to be manifested. At some, as, for' example, at this of Avesne, the toast has been given, but with so many reserves, and so much manage ment, and with so careful an abstinence of all mullion of Louis Philippe by name, that the proceeding has only rendered the invincible character of the popular repugnance still more strikingly apparent An accident occurred on the arrival of the king from Fontainblean on Thursday evening, which cre ated a momentary alarm. As the king was getting out of the royal railway carriage to enter his own to proceed to Saint Cloud, the report of a pistol was heard. It was, however, only the result of a simple accident A servant , in remov ing the baggage from the waggon of the king's suite, dropped a pistol belonging to one of the orderly officers, which, having a percussion lock, went off. The ball was afterwards found at the station, in a direction quite opposite to that of his Majesty, who immediately went on to St. Cloud. The king came to Paris on Friday, and pre sided at a council of ministers, after which his Ma jesty received the congratulations of several diploma tists and other distinguished personages on his escap ing from any injury by the accidental explosion of a pistol at the railroad station on his return from Fon , tainbleau. A mass of thanksgiving on the same Buh -1 ject was performed in the churches by command of the Queen. _ M. Mon, late Minister of Finances in Spain, hes left Paris for Madrid, to fulfil there his functions as deputy. In spite of the opposition of the officials in the councils general, these bodies have, in several cases, passed resolutions in favour of electoral reform. The council-general of the department of the Seine yes terday came to a resolution in favour of the principle. The prefect opposed the proposition for a vote of this kind, on the ground that councils-general should have nothing to do with politics in their deliberations. One of the members demonstrated by official reports, signed by the Minister of the Interior, that councils general were competent to discuss matters connected with legislation, and on a division the number of votes in favour of the proposition was 25, and that of the opponents 8. The Paine of Saturday says : " The payments a I the different subscriptions to the loan were effechei to-day with a readiness which is worthy of remark, at a moment when the money market still feels the effect of the financial crisis, and when the Bank of England has been forced to raise its rate of discount." The periods, amount, and rate of the French loans contracted during the last 17 years are as follow : MO 40,000,000 fr. in 3 per Cents. at 102 fr. •- 1831 120,000,000 tr. S per Cents. 81 fr. a 1131 130,00006 fr. 3 ier Cents. 98 fr. 30 e. 1641 130,000,000 fr. 3 per Cents. 78 fr. 34 e 1844 204;800 . 000 fr 3 per Oti;;: M it: ir 1847 250:000d,000 fr. 3 Per Cent.- 75 fr. 23 e. Tot _910,00.000 fr. Baron Rothschild ➢aid on Friday into the Treasury the snm of 23 millions, consisting of 12,500,000 fr. for the instalment Nov. 22, 1847, and of 12,500,000 fr. for that of Dec. 22. A circular has just been addressed by the central committee of the electors of the opposition in the de partment of the Seine to its correspondents, in which it states that the reform banquets which have taken place were intended to afford a neutral ground for the meetings of persons of all parties in favour of electoral and parliamentary reform,but without depriving them of their liberty of conscience or liberty of speech. "These banquets," says the committee, " have only been and must only be the application of a conciliat ing idea. Union,and consequently no exclusion ; lega lity, and consequently no violence ; an appeal to all opinions, without any dominating or being domi nated ; an agreement of all, without submission to any one ; toleration, without abnegation ; community of efforts without abdication of individual forms of belief: such were the principles which have served for a role to the central committee to secure the success of elec toral and parliamentary reform." The committee adds: " The time is perhaps opportune for proclaim ing this anew." 'lle announcement of improved arrangements for the expedition of the correspondence between Paris and London was received in Paris by all commercial men with a satisfaction lively in proportion as they ' have so long suffered from the evils of the private ex presses, of which a few leading houses only can afford to avail themselves. Lord Clanriearde arrived in Paris on Friday to effect, in conjunction with the Post-office authorities there, the desired arrangement. The plan at present contemplated is to despatch from Paris two mails daily. The first will start soon after mid-day, and will arrive in London early enough to enable the London morning papers to publish the Paris news of the preceding forenoon. The second mail will start from Paris at about 8 o'clock in the evening, and will arrive in London so as to enable the evening papers to publish the Paris news of the preceding afternoon. The Duchess d'Aumale arrived at Toulon on the Bth with a numerous suite. She was desirous of em barking the same day, but it was believed she would pass the night on land. The Albatros, whirls was to convey her to Algiers, was ready to start at a moment's notice. The Madrid mails of the 7th have been received. The following correspondence between Generals Nar vsez and Pewter° appears in the journals : To the Duke of Victoria.—Mlnistre of Foreign Affalra.—Essellent Sir,—The (lomat, our Indy, antler date of the lat of the promo month, has deigned to sign tits following decree:—Taking into consi deration the eminent qualities which distinguish Dim Baldomero Exporter°, Duke do la Victoria, and do4ring :o give him a public teotimonial of my royal esteem, and of the confidence which I hare in his capacity not less than in his affection to my person, I nomi nate him my Ambum Mr Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ire land. I transmit this copy of the royal order to your excellency for your knowledge and atidaction. God protect your excereney for ruarly years.—irligned) DMZ ox VALSNCIA—Madrid, Oct. Esparterett reply was as follows : Excellent air,—l have received the royal order by which the Qum oar lady has deigned to name me her ainbsmador extraonlinarr And plenipotentiary to her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. l stoat always be grateful for this new moof of the royal esteem with which her Majesty has honoured me ; but I supplicate her Majesty, in her goodness, to exempt me from inch an elevated charge, it khan necessary far me to live for some time separated from public affair. in order to attend to my prirate afetr which have been neglected for so many ye.ma. I pray your excel lency to make this known to her MMesty, at the sante time ensuring her of the purity and sincerity of my sentiments, and that I shall always remain her mart devoted servant and faithful subject. God protect your excellency for many years.—(Signed), Tug Ds'xx cm IA —London, Oct. 21. The Marquis de Miraflores bas been appointed Pre sident: and the Duke de Gor and the Prince de Anglona, Vice-Presidents of the Senate. The royal decrees appointing Ros de Olano ambassador at Lis bon and conferring on General Cordova the Grand Cross of Charles 111. had also appeared. According to the Clamor Public°, these two gentlemen, on their dismissal from the ministry, entered into a very angry correspondence with General Narvaez, and in the coarse of it, Roe do Olano threatened to publish " a full, true, and particular account " of what had oc curred just previously to the general's accession to power. In thv hope of preventing the scandal of such a publication, Narvaez, says the Clamor, conferred on them the dignities to which they have just been gazetted, and caused the Heraldo to speak well of them. Ile, moreover, allowed Roe do Olano 10,000 reals for his journey to Lisbon, and 20,000 for his first establishment; but the amuse asserts that the i l two ex-ministers are not yet satisfied, and that they still threaten to publish an account of the circum stances attending the recent change of ministry. General Alain has addressed an appeal to the Queen to be informed of the causes for which he has been ordered to leave Madrid, and soliciting that, if those causes be of a serious nature, ho may be brought to trial in the usual course. the chief places of Piedmont, on the occasi on of the recent reforms. Charles Albert seems likely to be. come a greater popular idol than either Phis IX. or Leopold 11. The Diario di Roma of the 2nd publishes the ap. pointment of Cardinal Alfieri as president of Rohl and the comarca ; Cardinal Antonelli, President of the Council of State ; Cardinal Marini, leg.te of th e province of Forli ; and Cardinal Bofondi, legate of the province of Ravenna. Letters from Berne and Bile to the 10th, and th e journals bearing the date of the 11th, have arri ve d . The cantonal government of Tessin() had sent an official report of the affair between the Tessinese and the Uri troops on the St. Gothard, which agrees in the main with that already given. Th e Uri invaders consisted of some four or fiv e hundred men, with roar pieces of cannon. B e . sides two officers killed, a third, described as th e commander, was wounded. The f e d era l col one l , Luvini, had arrived in the canton, and &junction was expected between the troops of Tessin and those of the Grisons, which were approaching ; aft er w hi ch they would take the offensive under Colonel Luvini, and attack the canton of Uri. This, combined with the simultaneous movements on the cantons of Fri. burg and Lucerne, would, it was thought, speedil y bring the affair to an issue. It is amusing to observe the efforts of the &b a t e to represent the attack upon Airolo, a Tessin village, by the Uri people, as a provocation of the 'NMl:le ge . The newts proves this by alleging, that the Ter‘inese, some two months since, stopped a convoy of ar ms coming from Milan! The fact i., that the Tee/linen were slumbering in very inactive neutrality wh en the fanatic invasion of a Lucerne officer, at the head of some soldiers of Uri, mused them to action. The reason assigned for the arrest of Count Krusineld at Berne is, that he had written these inflammatory articles for the M , tata. The troops of the other cantons acknowledging the authority of the federal government were all on their march, for the purpose of concentration at the vari ous ' points which had been indicated. Estavaser wag occupied on the Bth by the troops of Geneva, without its being found necessary to fire a gun, and the inha. bitants of this district manifested satisfaction at the arrival of the federal force. INlorat, another dintriet of Friburg. was in open insurrection, and the troops of that state had been expulsed by the inluibitants. On the other hand, the Sonderbund had directed its troops towards Lucerne and Zug, which are ex pected to be the principal points of resistance. Th e Suisse of the 10th mentions a report that another affair had taken place on the Saint Gothard, in which Colonel Muller, of the army of the Sonderband, had lost his life. There appear in the journals and in the private cor respondence of Madrid, innumerable prognostics, by which an approaching storm in the palace and the council may be foreknown. At the late banquet the Queen, as usual, appeared lively and animated—the King thonghtfui, silent, and pensive. The Queen lately had a private conference, of three hours dura tion, with M. Salamanca ; and many other curious little incidents are mentioned which have particular significancy to those who are familiar with the small machinery of the ante-chambers of the Escurial. . . According to report both Esoosura and Salamanca are menaced with proscription. The latter has not left Madrid, as was reported. Cordova is gazetted as lieut.-general. A great concert was given at the palace, at which more than 2,000 persons were present. Pavia set out for Catalonia in a poet-carriage on the night of Nov. 4. He is expected to meet Concha at Vich, where the latter will probably receive the first news of his disgrace. Fulgosio, not Balboa, is named to succeed Gen. 'Caminero at Burgos. Fulgosio is one of the Cerlists who made their peace at Vergara, and have since been admitted to high employ by the moderado governments. The Madrid mails, of the Bth, due in Paris on Sa turday, had not arrived when oar correspondent closed his despatches. The news from Italy is important. The initia tive of an Italian customs league has been assumed conjointly by Piedmont, Tuscany, and Rome. The Duke of Modena and the King of Naples are expressly invited to join it, and an opportunity is tacitly afforded to the ether states of the peninsula to concur in this first measure of Italian nationality. The official an nouncement of the project is made in the Turin Jour-• nal of the Bth in the following terms, the document being dated the 3rd inst. •. lii, Holinwe the Upraise Poring, Pius TX., Ids Misty the Klee or Sanlinia, and his Inspani sad Royal Highest the Cleated Duke of Tuscany, Duke of Lem. seminally , animated by the lea to of mend buting by their recipeniei team te the Incense et the dignity and prosperity of Italy ; reselamil ratty tree and err ger brit den Italian union is the foie of the leeilselai Interests 011ie forming their states ; eeavlree Yr that the said be must efficacious Is Is the mem of thee as thma industry and tread sd in this belief by the hope of Italy, are come to the deeernlnaliale le Yr a seetarY ee between their remedies denlidens. Ile 014 War re In virtue of the sushi:roar Irina. rem err of rate e bV l C respective sovereigns, dein se him hat I. • mire helps le agreed on in principie brews the miser of the Help nen te e th. Tuscany, and Lucca t toy irate the reelmettee at anuele. 'loners eriecially d by the rettrestry power hr the formation of a common arms see for the Odes of ajun dis tributive pinat with nowt to esomon prime Art 2. In the I fo of the mom' sessileined in the article, tealin . the suerseir error he be rode pr within (*Poe n determined, the hearer pryer sasepatible with l e respective in terests will be made tweeds tutus Ire& Art S. 'The tree and pine of the assembling of the aid mermilleeere ter be debarred r soon as the dolnitive hertire if lb blearer the Lee at the Two and of his Royal Worn the Der of Medea &aloe Mom respecting their adhesion tee the customs kagew—(fiessed) Grovsetin Coasola Russo ; E. DI see llasesso • O. Amami. The King of Sardinia h u issued letters patent for the establishment of a national bank at Turin. The demonstrations which took place at Genoa on the 4th inst. have been since continued. The Tuscan journals are filled with the descriptions of a second demon stration that took place on the 4th inst. at Florence, in honour of the Sardinian reforms. The Alba of Florence states that the ten individuals, who had been outlawed by the Neapolitan government, have succeeded in effecting their escape in a British vessel. Thirty cases of muskets had arrived at Florence for Bologna, and 150 more were expected. The Turin Journal of the 9th, which has been re ceived since the above was written, contains ten columns of reports of popular manifestations in all ' The Nile Gazette of the 10th mentions a report from Berne that the federal government had just re ceived from Frankfort aoo,opor. lent to it a , 7 pry cent. interest. It is stated in a letter from lisle, of the 9th, that the people of Schwytz have burnt the bridge over theSiial, on the frontier of Zurich and Zug, and that the bridge of Rapperschwill has been cut off on the Schwytz side, as far as the frontier of St. Gall. The following summary of the actual state of the hostile forces is given by the Bate Gazdre of the 11th: The attack on Friburg will not commence before the lath or lath. It is said that the Bale artillery will begin the attack on the side of Murton : orders have been given to this effect. At Lucerne no offensive movement has, as yet, taken place on this frontier. The troops all stand ready armed. It was said en the lath at Zurich, that the Lucerne:se troops, who had started from the bridge of Gilisk, had attacked and taken prisoners a post of the Zurich carabincers, who were at Klein Dieswyl, at the extremity of Freyenamt towards Lucerne and Zug. In Zug and Schwyz the bridge of Sihl had been art on fire, and three arches destroyed. Letters from Berne of the 10th announce that the Tessinesc had retaken the monastery of St. Gothard. SAXONY.—PaAous, Nor. s.—An accident, in volving the loss of several lives, took place on the morning of the ith, on the section of railway lortivecn Auval and Bicchowitz. Two trains came in collision during a fog. Three persons were killed instantaneously. and the number of wounded is stated at fifty. Amongst the killed are one engineer and one stoker AUSTRIA.—TftIESTE, OCT. 30.—TnE CHOLT.RA.— Acelrging to accounts received from the south of Russia, up to Oct. 20, the cholera did not appear to be making any pro gress. In the north-west, in the direction of Odessa, it had stopped at Krementsehuk, on the Dnieper, end at Perekop, at the entrance of the Crimea, where the mortality had not been great. At Taganrog it was believed to have entirely ceased, sod a Te Deum was sung; but it revised, though with less intensity. Odessa and its environs were perfectly healthy. The Turkish government had established a qua rantine of ten days for all arrivals from such ports of the Black Sea as were attacked by the cholera. The principali ties of the Danube were in a healthy state, except that the epidemic disease in cattle still prevailed in Wallachia, and is spreading, so as to induce the government of Moldavia to establish a sanitary cordon along the Pruth. The discus disappeared from Moldavia nine months ago. The letters from St. Petersburg expressed apprehensions of the cholera, as it had already made its appearance in the government o f Novognrod. SOUTH AMERlCA.—Letters from Lima, of the I tth of Sept., announce the solution of the differences which divided the government of Bolivia and Peru. By the prudent counsels of Senor 110, the Peruvian minister, a collision bad been avoided, and General Valdivia had li censed most of the troops he had called to arms. TILE JENNY LIND, of and from Prince Edward's Drody master, arrived at Southampton on Saturday. She reports that she met, oa Oct. 28, the barque Amity, of and for Liverpool, from Richeberto, waterlogged. Succeeded in saving Capt. Allan and eleven of the crew, who had been three dais and (our nights on the wreck, lashed in the mina rigging. Six persons were unfortunately drowned previous to the remainder of the crew being taken on board the Jenny Lind. Six of the seamen saved were afterwards put on board the brig Rebecca, bound (or Glasgow. Cbt Court. WINDSOR, SUNDVT.—The Lord Chancellor and Lady Cottenham, the Earl and Countess Grey, and the Earl of Desert arrived yesterday at the Castle on a visit to her Majesty. The royal dinner party at the Castle yesterday included the Duchess of Kent, the Lord Chancellor and Lady Cottenham, the Earl and Countess Grey, Baroness de Speth, and the Earl of Desert. The Queen erd Prince Albert, her Majesty's visitms, the ladies and gentlemen of the court, and tke domestic household attended divine ser vice this morning in the private chapel of the Castle. The Duke of Cambridge visited the British Museum on Saturday. Mr. Baron Alderson had an interview with Sir G. Grey on Saturday. Dr. Lindley bad also an interview with the right hon. baronet at the Home-office. A deputation of West India merchants, consisting of Messrs. Shand and Sandbateh, from Liverpool ; Mews. Bromley, Keeling, and Campbell, from Glamor, ; Mr. A. MacGregor, from London ; Sir J. K James, Bart., and Mr. Wilson, from Dublin ; Mr. Miles, M.P., and Mr. Claxton, from Bristol ; Mr. Patterson, from Leith ; and Mews. Speirs and Darling, from Trinidad, had an interview with Lord J. Russell and the Chancellor of the Exchequer on Saturday, at the official residence of the noble lord in Downing-street. The deputation were introduced by Mr. MacGregor, M.P. The (tight Hon. E. Strutt had an interview with the Chancellor of the Exchequer on Saturday. Despatches were sent off on Saturday evening from the Colonial-office for the Governor of West Australia. INDIA AND COLONIAL APPOINTMENTS.—J. D. Be thune, Req., some time parliamentary counsel at the Home office, is appointed to succeed C. H. Cameron, Esq., barrister as President' of the Indian Law Council and Mem ber of the Supremo Council at Calcutta.—Sir R Horsford is appointed Chief Justice for the island of Astigua.— Obserrer. FUNERAL OF THE ARCHBISHOP OF YORK. The funeral of the late Archbishop of Yoht took Oboe on Saturday at Stanton Harcourt, near Oxford, where the remains of many of the Harcourt family repose in a large vault beneath a portion of Stanton Harcourt church, called the " Harcourt Aisle." The body was conveyed on Satur day moraiog front Aylesbury, to which place it had been brought from Bishopsthorpe, where the late Primate died, and passing through Oxford in the most unostentatious manner, it reached Sash= soon after 11 o'clock. Here it wee arranged that the funeral procession should be formed, and then proceed to Stanton Harcourt, which is about three miles distant. Soon after 2 o'clock, the chief mourners i neeised Easham in the late archbishop's carriage, and other cartreyances, and immediately the funeral procession which had been previously arranged in the market-square. moved on, and consisted of mutes, and about eighty of the tenantry on horseback with hatbands and scarfs, the clergyman in his carriage, the hearse drawn by sin horses, fol lowed by five mourning coaches, and the late arch bishop's carriage. On reaching the village of Stanton Harcourt, the whole population appeared to be anxiously waiting to pay their last tribute of respect. The Rev. W. Walsh met the corpse at the churchyard gate, the tenantry forming themselves on each side till the mourners had passed into the church. The service was then read. The coffin, which was covered with black velvet, trimmed with gilt furniture, with a silver shield, bearing on it the following inscriptim .—" Edward Harcourt, Archbishop of York, born Oct. 10, 1757, died Nov. 5, 1847, in the 40th year of his primacy." The body was deposited in the family vault under the Harcourt aisle, where 11 of his lordship's ancestors re pose. In the same vault were depoiited, after the funeral, the remains of the archbishop's l a d y an d his elitist daugh ter, which had been disinterred and brought agreeably to his .