The Express. — London, England, 1853-11-05 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 5, 1853. Etzt en)reA• TO CORRESPONDENTS. beeeod ',lt of • tne Es:mees." erostairdop the !WPC ever . .n,e• publ:•hed every Tue•dy sad Frthey went, at ua:• br poet. . _ _ Whertirerai wen le,l for e' The Esprees." Leeflon Feeamir inset be at ti.e (file, iv, Beuveris-street, by Iw, "et on Ite Jay of ;.,40.arauo. UIGII WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. T... b.•—Vichulas. Ih. Ahtrne.n. • . —Mosso& 3S. ata.........Akercuus, ,len. LONDO.Y. B.4TIIRDAT, NOVE.VBER 3. -... ..... THE telegraph now states that the iirlit_rpy Principalities have been declared in a state of siege by their Russian invaders. " Mt:rial law has been established." The Greek-Christian Out, who pre:coded that he crossed the Turkish fr r. Tier to " protect the Christians," now directs that every Christian in Bucharest and eis.where , shall be shot who dares to huid communi cation with any Turlcieh fellow-subject. Such an abominabie order is just what those who opposed Russian aggression expected the OAR to make. Having seized his neighbour's territory in defiance of right, justice, the law of nations, and the faith of treaties, he now employs military cruelty to support a piratical position. This last atrocity is a natural follower of the first. He would hold his eerier:est by a reign of terror. Yet this is the despot whom we were told not to oppose ; this the mot:arch whose rule is declared to be preferable to that of the tolerant and liberel Sur.- TAN ! Moldavia and Wallachia, which used to send the surplus of their abundant harvests to feed other portions of Europe where the people are en gaged in manufacturing pursuits, have now begun to taste the bitterest pwtion of their new and unhappy lot. It was bad enough to have their country over run, their houses taken possession ef, their Go vernment superseded, their chosen rulers de posed, and their substance appropriated by a mass of foreign troops. It was enough tha: their trade was paralysed; their taxes increased, and the great highway of their communication with the rest of Europe was closed. But evils accumulate upon them under this" state of siege." Before this fiat went forth no property was safe: now his life is not his own. To be out:after dark—to be seen talking with a couple of friends in the streets or in the fields—to complain when property is seized or friends or relatives are insulted—all, or any one of these things under " a state of siege," is to be guilty of a crime for which the penalty is fixed by any brutal or greedy commander temporarily in power, That penalty is usually—death. It is easier to shoot • man than to try him, and a few musket shots are found to be the readiest means of getting people out of the way. Law is set aside, and the will of a brutal soldiery put in its place. No superior courts can be appealed to against wrong; no superior authority dares to challenge the authority of military force. To be suspected is to be guilty, and to be put to death. Such is the Christian rule which the Czan, who went to " protect the Christians," has established in the Danubian Principalities. _ _ In Mr. OLIPHANT') timely volume, just issued, we have a passage which at this moment has a peculiar interest. He finds himself in the Bessarabian town of Ismail—a place that has now for years been in the hands of the Russians, as part of the coun try which they gained after a fashion they would now lain apply to the Principalities. Isma. , l is described as mean aLil straggling; having but one thing in respectable order— that one thing being a Cossack fortress to keep the people in aubj,ction. Yet Ismael is the chief port of a fertile province. " The resources of Bessarabia,' Mr. OtiPHANT goes on to say, " are but feebly developed, and it is in a far more depressed condi tion than the neighbouring districts." Excuses are made by the Russians for this decay. They say the people are too.free. The CZAR set the serfs against their landlords, on the principle of divide and conquer, and now when landlords are broken down, and the serfs kept " well in hand" by their Muscovite masters, the friends of the CZAR declare that the reason why the country is not more prosperous is, that the people are not serfs in the Moscow sense of the term. Mr. OLIPIIANT, who points out the absurdity of such pleas, indicates also with great truth the real causes of Bessarabian decay. " 7 l'he mel-administration of the local Go vernment, the intrigues and chicanery of the Russian empt,e's, and the introduction of the prohibitive system of the empire into a country previonely enjoying a liberal commercial policy, form a combi nation of evil influences more than sufficient to account for the unhappy state of this poverty-stricken province." Then comes a prophetic passage :—" It is interesting to observe the present position of Bessara bia, as affording us some idea of the probable result of the annexation of the Danubian Principalities, should that event ever take place. 11 - e hare only to look at the prosperous state of those provinces, as compared with Bessarabia, to perceive how disastrous must be tlic Trees of such an occurrence. It is not to be wondered at that the inhabitants of Moldavia and Wallachia dread the day when the blighting in fluence of Russian administration will be extended along the shores of the Danube u far as the Aus trian frontiers; for in the past history of Bessarabia they foresee their owa unhappy future." That " blighting influence" is now acting with full force upon them, and the fruitful yield of their magnificent soil is in the hands of the enemy. Their trade stopped, they are unable to supply England, Ireland, and their other customers, with the corn they have hereto- fore exported in exchange for manufactures. The price of every loaf eaten by an English or Irish labourer is thus made higher by the aggression of the Ci %it, and the evil effects of the Russian inva sion brought practically home to our own doors. The value of the trade of the Principalities to this country is, indeed, far more important than is generally recognised ; and the misery of Moldavia and Wallachia will, if permit ted to contir.ue, he • growing mischief. The trade of the Principalities (as we have often urged) was one of rapid growth and increasing value to Western Europe. They were able to send to Great Britain alone a very large quantity of grain, taking manufactured goods in exchange. Let us throw the facts of the trade between Mol davia and Wallachia and Great Britain in a single year (1451) into something like a tabuiar form, that we may estimate at a glance the probable amount of food that the Russian aggression may have stopped on its way to thu countries of Western Europe, where the harvests have this year been deficient: and the loss of trade experienced by Great Britain in return by the stoppage of a market for our manufactures. Quarters. The grain received by Great Britain. from Galata in Moldavia in 1851 amounted to no less than The grain received by Great Britain from Ibraila in Wallachia in 1831 .. 387,474 In exchange for this grain the Principalities took in the same year (1631) from Great lir.tain—by way of the two ports we have named, Galata and Ibraila —manufactured goods of one else% alone amounting in value to 454,6404 sterling. France, Italy, Holland —indeed all countries where grain is wanted—shared or might share this rapidly growing commerce. Had the Principalities remained free, the coun tries of the West would soon have bosoms quite independent of the products of the South of Russia, and this doubtless sharpened the appetite of the Cz to for their subjection to his rule. Mr. OLIPIIANT says: - . Just now the most increasing report of the Danubian Principalities is Indian corn. An almost entirely new trade has recently sprung up in this article, Ireland having hitherto been the principal consumer. It it evident that thew provinces are annually becoming more formidable is rivals to the south of Russia. Wheat reported from the Dsnube ranks higher, and o►tains better prises, in the London market than Polish Odessa ; while there can be no doubt that, if the eneouragment hitherto afforded by foreign markets to these provinces be cautioned, kloldevia, Wallachia, soil }tonna'lia will soon equally divide with Russia the corn trade of the Black Sea. A full conviction of the ruinous consequences of such a result to the southern shores of the empire bat no doubt operated powerfully in conducing towards the present un justifiable occupation of the Principalities; and even should the designs of permanent annexation now entertained be frustrated, and an evacuation of these Provinces ultim►tely prove to be inevitable, Russia will be compensated for the inconvenience of the movement by the soothing conscious ness that she has retarded for many years the commercial prosperity of her meet dreaded rivals. Late news declares that a tight between the troops of GORTSCHAROFF and ONES PACIEt is likely to be soon reported as having taken place near Krajowa. If any such collision should _suit in favour of jus tice and the Turks, the Vienna telegraph may not be permitted to c ,nvey the good news either very rapidly or very accurately. Any Russian success will, we may be sure, be trumpeted soon enough and loud enough. But which way soccer the earlier successes may go, it is clearly at once both the duty and policy of England and France to insist upon the earliest possible evacuation of the Principalities by their invader. That evacuation is the only way to lessen the now inevitable bloodshed —the only step by which the misery of the Princi polities may be shortened. Russia has made them a battle-field, has inflicted on them the horrors of a state of siege, and has at least secured the " consciousness of having retarded for many years the commercial progress of her most dreaded rivals." Compensa tion for these injuries might fairly be claimed; but it is less than justice to demand that the occupation, with all its losses, horrors, and sins, shall be termi nated at once. Tie tir the spirit of chivalry is not extinct in our age, but merely manifests itself under other forms, is evident from the simple and touching account of Lieutenant BELLOT given by Sir JAMES GRAIIAM to the admirers of kind and generous valour, who assembled yesterday to promote the erection of a monument to that gallant and genial officer. It is impossible to read of the eagerness of Lieutenant Butor to take part in the attempt to rescue Sir JOIIN FRANKLIN and his comrades, of his utter for getfulness of self, of hie regardlessness of the legiti mate vanities of rank, and of his promptitude to encounter danger, without feeling that his soul was akin to that of the English SYDNEY, who in his death agony passed the cup of water to the wounded soldier beside him. The true era of chivalry was the refined and imaginative age of SYDNEY and SPENSY.R, and BLLLOT was worthy to take rank with its finest spirits. Bettor was a specimen of human nature of which all mankind may be proud. He was not the less a true and worthy Frenchman. HENRI IV. Or GASTON DE Foix were not more brave ; BAYARD was not more true; FENELON was not mote imbued with the spirit of all-embracing love. Last, not least, BELLOT is one of the many links which seem to be now conspiring to unite in lasting amity the two great nations which are unquestionably at the bead of European civilisation. The ante cedents of France and England single out these countries as the especial champions of enlightenment, toleration, and liberty. If either of them shrinks from the task, it becomes recreant to the honours won by its ancestors. To the completion of the great task that has devolved upon them, it is indis pensable that they should act in common. And the maintenance of a common policy, the joint labours to attain a common end, cannot be the result of mere abstract conviction ; a generous:international :sym- pithy is required to ensure their steady and cordial co-operation. Events are ripening such a reciprocal affection, and rendering it habitual. The fleets of England and France felt and acted as one body off the coast of Syria, when the career of laaatint was checked ; they are again presenting a similar gratifying spectacle now in the Dardanelles. They who had opportunities of observing the Syrian operations can bear testimony to the frank and cor dial spirit in which the officers of the two nations fraternised then. Subsequent events seemed to en danger the perpetuity of this brotherly accord, and then it was that the full value of minds attempered like that of Lieutenant BLitor was felt. " lie served in the Pacific," said Sir JAMES GRAHAM yes terday, " at a moment when a passing cloud of national difference somewhat overhung the relations between England and France ; and it is remarkable that at that very moment, when perhaps something of Jealousy or angry feeling might have per vaded the sailors of those two great ma ritime powers, Lieutenant BELLOT was dis tinguished in the British navy, and by the officers with whom he then associated, by the distinctive ap pellation of 'r.lnai des Anylais.' It is to the ex istence of such kindly and thoughtful natures in both countries, that we owe the blowing-over of the few temporary coldness°s or alienations that have of late years arisen between them." BELLOT was one of those whom men could wish never to die, and yet whom a mysterious Providence so often summons away in early life from a world for which they are perhaps too good. There is something grand as well as touching in his prema. ture fate. While braving privations and danger in a m!ssion of benevolence, he is snatchei away and veiled from us amid the fearful storms of a region cold and repulsive even in its beauty of crystalline ice and spotless snow, lighted by a sun which for weeks makes the circuit of the heavens without setting. _ The monument to Bluifr, it is understood, will be erected at or near Greenwich, where, "when he embarked on board the Phosniv, his friends, both French and English, bade him their last adieu." A mare fitting site fur the monument of a gallant and accomplished sailor cannot be imagined than that where the great Observatory on our first meridian looks clown upon the asylum coasecrated to our sea veterans. Let it stand there to remind every Englishman and every Frenchman who approaches our metropolis from the sea of the kindly and elevated community of thought and feeling which we hope will continue to unite the two peoples and their navies, and of one of the finest spirits in which these thoughts and feelings have ever glowed. TIIE WINE DrTIEs.—A correspondent says : Mr. o:ivoirs, M.P., having r,cantly mad an extenvive per in Germany and the Smith of France, to collect infer- Satinet upon the various questions involved in this impor tant subject, has for some (Ilya put been at Manchester, far Vic purpose of obtaining the active co.operatina of the mercantile and free tra le interests in that important city, with a view to his intended motion fora reduction of the duty on the reatsemblirg of parliament. Gus ERNEm3k:S BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION.—At the half-yearly court yesterday three annuitants were selected out of 126 canuidates. The third annuity had been raised as a testimonial to the Rue. M. D. Laing, the honorary secretary, for his exertion! during the last ten years. THE STRIKES. TILE STATE OF WIGAN. - .1.-- (PROM OCR LOCAL CORIRSDONDERY.) WIGAN, FRIDAY, Nov. 4. We are by no means assured of the continuance of peace, though a partial cessation of hostilities for a day or two has taken place. Messrs. Blundell and Sons' colliers, at Pemberton, who went to work on Wednesday morning, have again turned out. They descended the shaft 'gain yesterday morning, but after holding a meeting in the mine determined to renew the strike. It appears that the com pany had agreed to give them the average price of a certain circuit round Wigan, but the collier, complained that the baskets were larger than those of the other masters by which they were paid. Desirous of coming to terms, it is said that Mears. Blundell were willing to make an allow ance which would strike an equitable balance on this bead; but the trades delegates decided that it should not be taken, and so the turnout was renewed. It is said the de legates have acted entirely upon a misconception of the terms, and that this second strike is owing entirely to their cupidity on a matter of calculation. The colliers of the Hosier Hall Company, about eighty in number, resumed work yesterday, on the eld terms, and the men at Me•srs. Darlington and Co.'s mines went to Mr. Darlington yester day morning and offered to resume work, at an advance of Id. in the shilling (instead of 2d.), but that gentleman de clined the offer. Several outrages were committed in the neighbourhood of Wigan on Wednesday night. One was at Aspull, where the cottages of some of the " kaobeticks" were attacked and the windows were broken. Another was at the Moss Hall Colliery, Ince, where a quantity of powder was placed it an engine house belonging to one of the mines, with the view of b!owiog it up. An explosion took place, but fortunately none of the macliinery was destroyed. One of the walls and roof of the building were blown away, but the damage will not exceed 101. This was between seven and eight o'clock. A fusee, suck as colliers use, was found in the ruins, but no clue by which the perpetrator of the offs tee may be traced has yet been discovered. Lost night a report was made to the magistrates at the Public Hall about 11 o'clock, tliet a body of men had gone to attack the house of Mr. James Darlington, Lace Greve. lane, the report having originated with some colliers who were assembling in a body at &holes, but after the police and military had been turned out it was found to be a false alarm. The colliers' begging carts have been stopped, as was expected. A large body of colliers with two carts pro ceeded through the streets of Wigan yesterday morning, and another last night, drawn by men ' was seen in Pember ton. The fears of the people wonderfully stimulated their charity, loaves, ham, potatoes, cheese. and other provisions were easily extorted ; but at length Mr. Simms, the chief constable, despatched officers to them requiring that they should desist from this species of intimidation. The colliers questioned the right of the police, or of the mayor, to in terfere with them, and talked of holding a public milting to discuss the question; but after a little discussion they thought it wise to withdraw. Deprived of these means of support it is feared that they will reimburse themselves by • more lawless system of plunder. The colliers are far more daring and reckless than the factory operatives on strike, and have committed robberies already in the ' country where property was unprotected. Potato-fields have been dug up, and gardens have been stripped of their vegetables. Large turtles go about the fields with dogs, and conduct poaching operations in such preserves as there are, in the most open manner. Captain Woodford, of the county constabulary, has • force of 73 men on the Ince side of Wigan, and of 11 at Standish. The greater part of these, under Superintendent Fowler, are stationed in seven different positions-23 at Pemberton, 17 at Rosa-bridge, 8 at Alram, 7 at Mr. Peace's, Haigb, 11 at the Saw Mille, awl 10 at Standish. ' The factory owners were to have held a meeting this afternoon at the Victoria Hotel, Wigan, bat fearing to excite • feeling among the operatives like that occasioned by the master colliers' meeting last Friday, they have postponed it. In feet, no useful result could flow from ' such a meeting, either here or at Preston. The coal mines of Wigan supply fuel to the factories both of Preston and Wigan, and the factory owners could not resume work if they were willing until the colliers go in. In fact, there are more difficulties attendant upon a resumption of labour than most people imagine. 1.) elm the colliery owners at Wigan resist this second demand for an advance (for a rise of 161 per cent. was given in May last), the strike will extend throughout the whole district. The colliers are well organised, and their present arrange. meat is that.° soon as the masters at Wigan yield, the coal field, working at Clifton, Penalehury, and Bolton (on which the factories at Manchester, Bolton, Bury, and Rat cliffe, mainly depend), shall be brought to a stand, unless a similar advance be given. A victory achieved there, the collieries at Ashton, Oldham, and Poyten (supplying the immense industry of the towns south and east of Mooches ter), are to be stopped unleu the advance is given. The great hope of the masters lies in defeating the conspiracy at Wigan, and it is out improbable they will yet succeed; for it appears that the colliers in the coal 11.1.1 s we have last named have not supported those of Wigan on strike so well as was promitied, and the disgust created amongst the half-starved and suffering turnouts arising from this cause is expected to do more to put an end to the struggle than anything else. If the factory masters agreed to give ti sir hands ten per cent. advance to-morrow, a coal agent tells me, they would also have to give an advance ' of 40 to 50 per cent. for their coal, and the two advances together would be a serious item. He says that an advance of 100 per cent. to the people of Preston on coal has already taken place through the strikes of the col.iers and other circumstances since the early part of the year. There are some large collieries here, and those of the Inca Hall Com pany, Messrs. Blundell, the Earl of Bikaner, Kirk less Hall, and Pearson's, run their own locomotives over the railways to Preston and Liverpool, besides having canal carriage to Liverpool. Preston is 16 miles distant, and is a very large consumer. Manchester, a much larger con sumer, though only 23 miles distant, does not take one fifth of the coal which Preston does from this neighbourhood, owing to the heavy _charges of the railway companies, who thus shut out the Wigan collieries to some extent from com petition with the colliers at Pendlebury, Oldham, Peynton, end other places nearer Manchester. A circular signed Timothy Coop was issued yesterday, convening a meeting of gentlemen last night at the Public Hall for the purpose of taking into consideration the present distress of the thou sands that are rambling about our streets in destitution, and to take such measures as shall be deemed expedient for its removal ;" but it appears Mr. Coop had not obtained leave from the authorities to use the room, which is occupied by the military, and consequently no meeting took place. LATEST FROM ABROAD. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. VIENNA, FRIDAY. An official communication from Bucharest says: " Two thousand Turks appeared at Giurgevo and fired into the town. " In a conflict near Dam many Russians and Turks were killed. The Turks retreated up the river, and the Russians followed them. " At Kalafat there are daily skirmishes. 0 The Turks respect foreign property under the Austrian flag." Another telegraphic communication is as follows: " VIENNA, FRIDAY. "The Vienna Presse confirms the intelligence of the arrival of 7,000 Turks at Kalafat, and of the advance of the left wing of the Turkish army, besides 8,000 of the Turkish reserve from Sophia. " The vanguard, under NaMik Pacha and General Prim, had a serious conflict with 2,a00 Russian cavalry, between Kalafat and Krajowa. The affair lasted two hours, when the Russians retreated towards *Winn." BELGRADE, Ocr. 21 The war with Russia has been proclaimed by Irma l'acha in presence of the Servian ministers and digni taries. FRANCE. - PARIS, TIII:IUIDAY EVENING. The Petrie throws unqualified discredit upon the rumours that have been current all the morning that the Eastern question is settled. The Western Powers (says this government journal) sincerely de sire peace, and are even now using their utmost efforts to obtain it. But, while this is the general wish, Russian diplomacy seems now, as on all similar occasions heretofore, to have but one anxiety— namely, to gain time, in order to take measures to accomplish her object with greater certainty. This is now known to all Europe, and the negotiations now going on will receive a new element from this open and apparent fact. A letter from Toulon states that the Minister of Marine has ordered a steam-frigate of the largest size to be placed on the stocks, under the name of the Imperatrice Eugenie. She is to be of SOO horse power, and is to serve as a model for several other frigates of the same size, which are to be built at Brest, Lorient, and Cherbourg. It is also stated that another frigate, to be called the Foudre, is to be built at Toulon. The screw steam line of bat•le '.hip the Tourville was launched at Brest on the :Slat ult. She is of 040 horse-power, and is one of the nine transformed vessels, which, according to the report of the Minister of Marine, are to be launched within the next two or three months. The Journal de Indre et Loire says the judicial inquiry following the recent arrests at Tours has led to very serious discoveries, and that at Veretz the police had seized in a deep cellar belonging to M. Moreau, one of the persons in custody, two immense wooden tubes intended to be used as cannons in case of an insurrection. The Journal do Saint Quentin mentions a seizure at Bohain of 20 pounds of gunpowder at the lodgings of three individuals lately arrived from Belgium. Two of these persons, it is said, escaped, but the third is in custody. A prosecution bas been instituted against the Concorde of Rheims, for publishing several articles without a signature, and especially articles relative to the murder of General de Nenilly. It is to be ob served that the law only requires a signature to " political" articles, and it is not easy to see how a narration of the Chalons tragedy can be brought within the statute. A correspondence from Vienna, dated in the even ing of the 30th ult., states the important fact that the Austrian government had contracted a loan with the imperial bank and several leading houses at St. Petersburg. PARIS, FRIDAY EvastNa. Amid all this din of war it is a curious fact that the opinion still is that the general peace will not be disturbed, and that the quarrel between Russia and Turkey will be arranged without any serious loss of life. Private letters from Belgium speak of King Leopold's efforts being earnestly directed to so desirable an end, and with great chance of success. Such a state of things has not often been witnessed. A letter from Montpellier, of the Ist inst., states that heavy rains continued to fall in that town and neighbourhood since the 213th October, and had caused considerable damage. The entire plain from Beziers to the sea is flooded. The winter sowing, fortunately, had not been commenced, and the vintage was concluded. The roads from St. Pons, Capestang, and Narbonne are rendered impassable. Ileavl rains, accompanied by a violent hurricane, fell on Thursday night in the departments of the Bouches-du-Rhone, the Corrke, Ille-et-Vilaine, Mayville, Tarn, by which enormous damage was done in the country. The Emperor, on the report of the Minister of War, has decreed that the clerks of the bureaux of the Intendence Militaire, who are chosen from the army, but whose position has heretofore been infe rior to that of other administrative functionaries of the War Department, shall henceforth form a section (the 4th) of the personnel of the administrative ser vices of that department. At the Bourse to-day the Three per Cents. fell per cent., and the Four-and-a-Half per Cents., i . per cent., below yesterday's quotations. Closing prices for money :—Three per Cent. Rentes, 73.55; ditto Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 99.40. Bank shares, 2,1300. GERMANY. It is now well ascertained that M. Prokesch Osten, the Austrian plenipotentiary at Frankfort, during his brief stay in Berlin, used his best exertions to induce Prussia to concur with Austria in a declaration re specting Eastern policy to be laid before the Diet of the Confederation, and that he failed. The Zeit. remarks that, " admitting the great weight which would belong to any expression of opinion by the organ of the Germanic confederation, it would be very unwise to make the action of Prussia in the Eastern affair subordinate to a resolution of the Federal Diet. It is obvious that the affair is not a German one in the proper sense of the word, not one in which all the Germanic states have an equal in terest." SPAIN. The Madrid Gazette of the 29th ult. contains a circular addressed by the Minister of the Interior to the governors of provinces, directing them to provide all necessary means for enabling senators and depu ties living in their respective provinces to reach Madrid by the 19th for the opening of the Cortes. The Corresponehisace Generale states that the mi nistry decided, on the 28th ult., that a special ceme tery shall be set apart for the burial of protestant.. ITALY. ROMAN STATES. The Grand Duke of Tuscany and his son dined with the Pope on tho 26th ult. The other guests were Cardinals Patrizi, Fornari, Wiseman, and An tonelli. On the following day his Holiness paid a visit to the Grand Duko and the young prince, who set out for Naples on the following day. PIEDMONT. The Piedmontese Ga:ette contains a royal decree, directing that the reduction of the duty on outs, enacted by the law of 11th July last, shall commence forthwith. AUSTRIAN ITALY. A letter from Milan, of the 23th ult., states that a number of arrests bad just been effected at Sarzana and other places. By a decree of the 27th ult., signed De Burger, Imperial and Royal Lieutenant of Lombardy, an additional tax of 31 kreutzers per florin (about one twentieth) is to be levied in 1834 upon land, incomes, and trades to cover the deficit of 1853. tie Court. WINDSOR, Nov. 4. The dinner party yesterday included the King of the Belgians, the Duchess of Brabant, the Duchess of Kent, the Duke of Brabant, the Count of Flanders, the Duke of Newcastle, the Belgian Minister, the Prussian Minister and Madame Bunsen, Viscount Palmerston, the Lady-in-Wait ing to the Duchess of Brabant, the Lady-in-Waiting to the Duchess of Kent, Lady Frances Bruce, Count Gustave de Lannoy, Colonel de 2doerkerke, Baron Priase and Monsieur Ricken. -------- Tho band of the Scots Fusilier Guards attended in the !Dude during dinner. Her Majesty's private band performed the following selec tion in the evening : Overture—" Leonora" Chow. D'Ensemble and Trio—" Le I're aux Herold Andante. Minuetto, Pregto, Raltarella—..ainfonta. Mend ;1;$01;;; The Queen and the Duchess of Brabant walked in the grounds adjacent to the castle this morning. Prince Albert, attended by Col. the lion. B. Phipps, Col. the Hon. Charles Grey, and Lieut.-Col. the Hon. A. Gordon, left Windsor by a special train of the South-West ern Railway for London, and returned at five minutes before three o'clock. The Duke of Newcastle accompanied the Prince to London. Madame Van de Weyer and Major-General the Hon. Sir Edward Cust left the Castle yesterday. The Prussian Minister and Madame Bunsen and Viscount Palmerston left this forenoon for London. The Commissioners for inquiring into the state of the Corporation of the City of London held a meeting yester day, at the Privy Council Other, in Downing-street. The Commissioners present were the Right Hon. H. Labon chere, the Right Hon. Sir John Patten°, and G. Corm wall Lewis, Esq. The Duke of Newcastle arrived in town yesterday, from a visit to her Majesty at Windsor Castle. Viscount Palmerston returned to town yesterday from a visit to the Queen at Windsor Castle. His lordship left town in the afternoon for his seat, Breadlands, Hants. Despatches were received at the Colonial office yesterday from the Governor of Gibraltar. Despatches were sent yesterday to the Goverhor of Canada. The Muter of the Rolls has appointed Mr. Wm. Wright, of the Chancery Bar, to the office of Clerk of the Irualvents, in the place of Mr. David Drew, deceased. THE LORI) RECTORSHIP OF GLASGOW UNIVERSITY. The Earl of Eglinton and Winton is not to be al lowed to retain possession of the rectorial chair in our university without a struggle, on the' part of the Liberal Association of Students, to oust him before the expiration of the usual term of office. Oa Wednesday, placards were issued by the cemmittee, announcing that Alfred Tennyson, the Puet Laureate, has been selected as their candidate for the Lord Rectorship. and soliciting the support of the liberal section of the college in has favour. This is some• what unusual, the lease of the rectorial honours invari ably extending over two years, when the noble earl has only served since November last. The liberal ass,- ciation, among many reasons for this departure from established custom, contend, us the first place, that permis sion to hold office for two years is a mere courtesy ; and, in the second place, that Lord Eglinton was only elected last year by a majority of one nation and the casting vote of the venerable principal. An insinuation is also thrown out that his lordship mainly owed his victory over the Duke of Argyll by a coup d'etat of the Conservative Association. How the latter body may act in the novel position in which they now find themselves placed we cannot pretend, in the absence of any authoritative information, to say ; but the probability is they will contest the election with the liberals by attempting to re-elect the present occupant of the chair. It is rumoured that they may nominate John Inglis, Esq., Dean of Faculty, a distinguished alumnus of the university, but this is exceedingly dubious.—North British Mail. Mn. MAURICL—A new fact has transpired with reference to the late proceedings at King's College. The absence of the Bishop of Lichfield, the former principal of the College, from the council which condemned Mr. Mau rice bad occasioned no small surprise, but it has new re ceived en explanation, which we lay, without comment before our readers. We are now informed, on authority which we cannot doubt, that the summons to attend the council was sent to a house which the Bishop of Lichfield used to occupy in Ilarley-street during the session of parliament, but which he was kndwn to have given up for at least a twelvemonth, while all the other communi cations from King's College had been regularly transmitted to Eccles Itnll, has lordship's residence in the country. The bishop has since written to the secretary demanding an ex planation of the rircuenstance, and has expressed his sym pathy with Mr. Mattiee, mingled with regret and surprise jat the hasty decision of the council. Written protests against soy immediate proceedings were also sent to the council by Mr. tikuistone and the Rev. James Anderson. l'erhaps the Principal or the Secretary can inform us whether they were read.—Giobe, PROVIDENTIAL ESCAPE.—On Monday morning, as a cutter belonging to WM. ship Hogue, GO, lying in the Sound, was proem ding to the ship with three officers and a party of seamen, when in the stream near Devil's Point, it W 33 discovered she was overcrowded. There was a swell at the time, and shortly alter it was discovered the cutter was fast sinking. In this emergency several of the seamen jumped ovei board, and swam ashore with much difficulty, but as there was no probability even then of the boat reaching the Ilinrue, she was run on the rock at the Devil's Point, and in a few minutes clashed to pieces. It is provi dential that the men acted with such promptitude, as the i slightest delay might have proved fatal to the whole on board.—PlyotostA Journal. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. The latest intelligence from the seat of war, so far from confirming the allegation made in some jour nals on Thursday of a repulse of the Turks in Wal lachia, fails to mention a conflict in that direction. The Russian commander appears to have abstained from any military operation more important than the movements necessary for defending the capital of Little Wallachia. The departure of Prince Gortachakoff from Bucharest for Krajowa, which has been published as a circumstance creating a profound sensation, and as indicating a battle in that direction, took place five days before Omer Pacha crossed the Danube. It is plain that time enough has since elapsed for the Russians to have attacked the Turkish general had he been so minded ; but we hear of no such occurrence. It has been hastily assumed that Omer Pacha must needs have intended to fall upon the Russian camp when he crossed the Danube, but, considering that he must have received the message from Con stantinople before effecting the transit, it is at least conceivable, in the present state of our information, that he may have entered Wallachia to assert the right of his master to that territory by his presence, and to give Turkey a more respectable position dur ing the conclusion of negotiations. It cannot be pretended without the grossest perversion of words that Omer Pacha committed a hostile act when he crossed the river which divided one portion of his master's acknowledged territory from another. The Czar does not pretend to have conquered or annexed Moldo-Wallachia, and therefore even from his inadmissible point of view the utmost that the act requires is defensive precaution against a decided and unequivocal movement on the I part of Turkey. Such precaution Prince Gortschts koff appears to have taken by concentrating a force lat the capital of Lesser Wallachia, the assumed des tioation of Omer Pacha's march. The supercession of the native prince, and the institution of martial ' law, with all its injustice and oppression, have for some time been expected. The Hospodai, although , betide the occupation a ready instrument of Russian intrigue, has received no consideration at the hands I of his barbarous guests, and has for months past been a helpless witness of hie own dishonour. Letters from Vienna state that Austria and Russia are variously counselling the ruler of Montenegro as to his conduct in the event of a serious conflict be ' tween Russia and Turkey. Austria, which considers herself entitled to advise those whom she saved from subjection, recommends neutrality ; while the Czar has lately expressed his confidence that his pen sioner, th . e Vladika, will not fail to make him a due return when occasion offers. A letter from Kalafat of the 21st states that the batteries erected by the Turks on the island opposite KaWet completely command the point at which the landing was effected. Important works are in course of construction there. Besides the army at Erzeronm, the Turks have the following :—fhe troops in cantonments on the frontiers of the tins sian possessions on the east coast of the Black Sea— viz., 3,000 at Bayazid, 10,000 at Kan, 6,000 at Ardakshan, 4,000 regulars and 20,000 irregulars at Batoum and Tchurouk-Sou. The recent attacks of the Caucasian tribes were directed in the west against the fortresses and redoubts which are posted along the coast of the Black Sea, from Soudjouk Kaleh to the fort of Navaghiuskoi, and in the east against the de tached posts and the military cordons which occupy the banks of the Terek and several positions in Daghestan. Fora time Prince Woronzoff was com pletely surrounded by the Circassians, and could not disengage himself until the troops on the Turkish frontier were sent to his assistance. The 20,000 or 23,000 men forwarded in such haste from Sebastopol are now on the frontiers of Armenia. DWELLINGS OF THE LABOURING CLASSES. TO TILL IDITOIL OP Tiff ZIPIIOIII. 81111,—It is not generally known that the wretched houses, so much complained of in the metropolis and the suburbs, are erected in accordance with the Building Act Each hone covers a space of 26 feet by 16 feet, into which the builder has to cram an entrance-passage, staircase, par lour, kitchen, and walls—the area of the whole house not exceeding the size of a gentlerran's dining-room. About five thousand of these houses are added every year to the metropolis. Every builder who conforms to this size bas certain privileges, in paying smeller fees, building thinner walls, and other economical advantages. How can it, then, be expected that model lodginig-houses will become general, when builders have every inducement to construct these unhealthy abodes ?—Your obedient servant, London, Nov. 4. ARCHITEC T. APOTHECARIES' HALL.—Names of gentlemen who passed their examination in the science and practice of medicine, and received certificates to practise, on Thurs day, Nov. 3, ISM :—John Weill Fletcher, Upton-on- Severn, Worcestershire ; John Benson Pritchett, York; Thomas Booth Brierlsy, Tattenhall, Cheshire ; William Valentine Bird, Seacombe, Liverpool; George Augustus Fulcher; Henry Frederick Marley, Padstow, Cornwall: Silvans Tucker, Bridport, Dmetstiire; Robert Harmer, Wells, Norfolk. SINGULAR RAILWAY ESCAPE.—On FridaT night, while the .5 p.m. down train from London was passing from Winchester to Biskopstoke, on the South Western line, a little boy, about 6or 7 years of age, who was proceeding with his mother to Botley, fell out of the carriage on the line, owing to the carriage door opening. It was expected at least that the pose boy was killed. As soon as the train reached Bishopetoke, a pilot engine was sent up the line to look after the boy, who was found uninjured walking down the line, looking for his mother. FORGED BANK OF ENGLAND NUM.—CAUTION' Daring the past fortnight numerous forged notes have b een paled in Warwickshire and Northamptonshire, and it may be well to caution the public as ti the mode in which this has been done. The gang consists of two or three men and a woman. They travel about the country with a horse and light trap. Driving up after nightfall to within a few hundred yards of some publicehouse in the outskirts of a town, the woman slights. Being dressed as though she was servant belonging to some respectable family in the neighbourhood (her sleeves being turned up, &c.), she walks op to the house and asks fur a pint of tweedy, producing a decanter for holding the liquor, in order still further to icarry out appearances. Producing a 'Si. note, she obtains change for it, or is refused, as the case has sometimes been, and then she rejoins her male companions, who take her into their ve hicle and drive off as fast as they can. The gang has been, within the last few days, in the neighbourhood of Birmin.. , - ham, and venous public•houses on the Stratford and Coventry roads., just on the edge of the borough, have he. n visited. In one instance they were successful in passin4 a note. They are also supplied with sovereigns of a genuine appe +ranee, but which are detected by their light ness. The woman is described as of about 35 yeas of age, "(stoutish make, 5 feet 3 inches in height, and with a red full face. In one case she wore red hair, aud on another occari 44 hl.ck, so that she stems to be is the habit of re se.rtin.; to disguises, which render n general descripti..n of her person more likely to be useful than the more minute in its character. The Men are of what is called " middle stature," one about 18 yeses of age, and one other from 30 to 35. Worcester JOlOll4l. THE BELLOT jESTINIONIAL, INTERESTING NATIONAL MEETING. A public meeting was held yesterday afternoon, at Willies Rooms, St. Jsmes'e, to take measure, to do honour to the mentor; of the late Li, ut. Bellot, of the French navy, who was lost while engaged as 1 volunteer in the Arctic expedition, under Capt. Inglefield, in search of Sir John Franklin. The room was densely thronged by an audience of the highest respectability, who manifested the greatest interest in the proceedings. The chair was taken by Sir R. St raciti,ox, who had on his right Sir J. Graham, the First Lord of the Admiralty ; and on his left Sir Edward Parry. The following gentlemen were also present :—Capt. Inglefield, Col. E. Sabine, Cu!. \iel Campbell, Col. Boyle, M.P., Mr. J. Wyld, Capt. Fitzroy, R.N , Capt. Trotter, R.N., Capt. N. A. B. Hamilton, Mr. H. Robertson. Mr. J. Brown, Mr. J. Barrow. Sir B. Outrun, C.D., Dr. Forbes Winslow, Professor Wheat stone, Sir R. Inglis, M.P., Mr. Arrowsmith, Suspended from the wall at the back of the chair was a portrait of the deceased lieutenant, which attracted much attention. The CirAinu.ex said at a meeting like that his first duty was to offer moue apology for appearing in such a position. It might seem strange to persons who were unacivainti.d with the progress of geographical 'Timms that so humble an individual should occupy the enviable post of president of such an assembly. The explanation was vsry short. For 30 years he had taker a deep and continuous interest in the pro gress of Arctic research. After witnessing the triumphs Ut dii tioguished men like Sir E. Parry—(cheers) —it fell to lii• lot to be President of the Royal Geographical Society; and in that position he was honoured with the acquaintince of many of those heroic men who had gone farth in the hope of rescuing Sir John Franklin. Among those whose as . quaintance he had thus formed there was no one for whom he felt a deeper regard than the very ingenious and modest (and successful, and brave as he was ingenious and modest) officer to whose merits they then desired to erect a me. morsel. (Cheers.) That excellent young man, though he was taken from them at an early age, had had a career which might really be called brilliant; and as there were portions ofi that career which might not he known to th e auditory whom he was addressing, he would relate a few particulars of the life of Lieut. Bellot. Educated, to the honour of his country—for his family was not in rich cir cumstances—educated in a great measure by the town of Rochefort, he soon distinguished himself in the naval ser vice of his 'country; but that to which be desired especially to point tho attention of Englishmen was, that on one occasion, while serving under the French flag, he co operated with British officers in a brilliant operation in the Rio de la Plata; and that on another occasion, on the coast of Madagascar, being again in co-operation with a British force, he cut out a slaver and released a number of human beings from slavery and chains. (Cheers.) These facts he mentioned as antecedent, as it were, to the Arctic life of Lieutenant Bellot. On returning to his country he aspired to apply that science with which he was so gifted in the only mariner in which it could be applied in these peaceful times; and, admiring sincerely the character of Sir John Franklin, he wrote to that nohle-minded woman who bad made such remarkable sacrificos to succour her absent hus band. He offered, in case he could obtain permission to do so from the French government, to serve in the pri vate ship under the command of Mr. Kennedy ; and he proceeded with Mr. Kennedy to the Arctic regions in 1851. The nature of his exploits was well known to all geogra phers. The occasion which terminated Ps fatally was not the first one on which Lieutenant Ballot was drifted away on a floe of ice. When he accompanied Mr. Kennedy in the I'rince Albert, fitted out by the munificenc of Lady Franklin, the ship drifted considerably to the south; and the other officers being all on shore, he had t 3 take the command, and ultimately, in the face of very great dangers, he succeeded in bringing back all his missing com panions to the ship. (Cheers.) This was the first Arctic exploit of a youth of five-and-twenty. (Cheers.) He then accompanied his gallant commander on an expedi tion over the ice. Being of short stature, and driving his own sledge, he accomplished a most dif f icult and arduous journey of at least 1,100 miles over the ice, determining on the way a great geographical feature, which was previously quite unknown, and which very properly hears his name, and will bear it in all the maps of the world ; he referred to Bellot's Straits. (Hear, hear.) On returning to his native land, his first effort was to induce the French government to send out a sep .rate expedition in search of the gallant Franklin. In the meantime reps ditions, private and public, were projected in this country. This youth now volunteered to serve under Mr. Kennedy a second time, and he would mention, to the honour of a British seaman, that so ready was Mr. Kennedy to acknowledge the ability of M. Bellot, that he said for his part he would be perfectly contented to serve under him. (Cheers.) Just at that pe • rind, however, the expedition of his distinguished friend, Captain loglefield, was resolved on by the Admiralty ; and not being able at that time to obtain an independent com mand, he procured from his own government permission to accompany Captain Ingleffild as a volunteer to Welling ton Straits, hoping thereby to achieve something so deci sive, that on his return the French government would Do induced to send out an expedition much further to the north than any which had yet been attempted ; desiring by means of a screw steamer to navigate bays and straits hi therto unknown to seamen. He (the chairman) would not enter into that question ; he only referred to it for the purpose of showing with what noble aspirations Lieutenant Bellot was inspired. (Hear, hear.) Siuce then be had been swept away by a hummock of ice—he had met with a sailor's grave. (Hear, hear.) It was now his duty to call the attention of the meeting to ihe sympathy which his fate had excited in the public mind in England. No sooner had this movement been commenced than letters wero received from several el' the most distinguished public men. The first letter which he received came from a nobleman who had been first minister of this country, and for whom all geographers must entertain profound respect, and whom all seamen must love, because he so generously came forward to assist the expedition of Lieutenant Pim over 500 miles of Russian territory, in search of Sir John Franklin; he need not say that he alluded to Lord •101111 Russell. (Cheers.) Lord John Russell was followed by his friend on his right Sir James Graham, and, while Lord J. Russell said that he (the chairman) might put down his name fur any sum which he thought proper, to mark his sense of the worth of Lieut. Bellot, Sir J. Oraham said that that meritorious officer deserved every tribute of respect, and that he should feel the greatest pleasure in having his name placed on the committee. (Cheers.) Then came the Earl of Clarendon, who, being like Lord John Russell quite unsolicited, wrote to him begging him to make use of his name in any way that he might deem best. He now paned from this expression of British feeling, official, public, general, he might &lomat say universal, io this country—for from all classes hail he received assurances of support—(cheers)—he passed from this to the consideration which the subject had received in the neighbour ing country of France. In order to put the meeting in possession of the facts which had led to the resolutions about to be proposed, he would read the following report OR behalf of the committee : "In the performance of their duties, and in preparing the resolutions to be submitted to the general meeting, the committee have been guided by the desire to carry out the wishes of the British public in such a manner that the French nation may perceive that in honouring the memory of Lieut. Bellot the English have the strongest desire to do full justice to those national feelings which arc known to exist in his native land. Those feelings have prompted the Emperor of the French to grant, from his private purse, to the family of the deceased an annuity of 2,000 francs —ln act which is in accordance with the great interest his Majesty has taken in Arctic researches, end which, bath personally and by the medium of the Empress, he has testified in the most gracious manner to Lady Franklin. When, indeed, some of their countrymen, wishing to avoid display, and looking only to the succour of the bereaved family, suggested that the chief amount of our subscriptions should be applied to the support of the rela tives of M. Bellot, the committee entertained the convic tion, that France, solicitous as she has always been for the welfare of her bravest sons, would never be behind hand in such a cause. Nay, more, it is now believed, that it is the intention of the French government to erect a monument at Rochefort to tho memory of their deceased officer. The committee would therefore beg to impress upon the meeting that the circumstances have materially changed since the first generous impulse suggested to same of their country men, that the monument which the English proposed to erect should be placed at Rochefort. They further request the meeting to recollect that both the letter of the French Minister of Marine, which has been published in ehe public journals, and that of the Mayor of Rochefort, which has been communicated by the Earl of Cla rendon, were written in ignorance of the Empe ror's liberality, and under the supposition that an English monument at Rochefort bad been decided upon though that subject had then undergone no public or general consideration. AVhatever may be the monument, and wherever it may he placed, the committee are of opi nion, that it must stand forth distinctly as the tribute of England to the devotion and exploits of the gallant French man. Anil, as two monuments could not be with pro priety erected in the same town, it became very difficult to determine what other place in France except Itochaort could be fixed upon; for whilst many persons might natu rally wish to see it in Paris, the city which gave birth to M. Bellot, an eloquent appeal was sent from Calais, urging that that ancient port through which so many French and English were continually passing, ought to be pre ferred to any other, even to Rochi fort. Under these cir cumstances, and being Ansured that the Trench govern ment will cordially approve their decision, the committee have come to the conclusion, that Englishmen, wishing to honour in the most emphatic manner the memory of one who was so esteemed and beloved among them as Lieutenant Bellot, should 'say to him the same respect as to their own illustrious dead. In this ease, if it be decided that a cenotaph, column, or monument be placed on the banks of the Thames, at or nest the Royal Hospital at r $ L . I!