The Express. — London, England, 1847-03-25 00:00:00

I IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT. MOUSE OF LORDS. 7 -ytiO7IEsDAT, NIAUCH GENERAL FAST. The LORD Cu NeELLoa took hi. mat on the washer`: at half.psat ten o'clock, and shortly before eleven their 1.14. ships, preceded by the Usher and Deputy Usher of the El lek Rod, and the Dean and Chapter of Westminster, pence, lied in procession to Westminster Abbey, to attend divine service. The peers p•ese.t were, beside* the Lord Chaneeilor, the Duke of Wellington, the Marquises ot Northampton and Clanrirarde, the Earls of Colchester, AVicklow, Somers, Grey, Auckland, Granville, Devon, and Clarendon ; Lords Moutragle, Compbe!l, and Strangford ; and the Bishops et Durham, Ely, Lincoln, and Bt. Asaph. The prayers were read by the Rev. Dr. Wordsworth, alter which a sermon, appropriat.i to the occusion, was preached by the Bishop of St. A.aph, from the text loth Jeremiah, 11th verse, "G Lord cern et me. but with judg. ment ; not in thine anger lest thou bring me to nothing.' There was a large number of persons present during the HOUSE OF COINIONS.—WEDNrsinta, Mao 24. The CHAPLAIN haring read prayers at h.ilf-past 10 o'clock yesterday morning, the STE.% ur, preceded by the officers of the house, and followed by about 40 members, walked in proerasion to the church of St. Margare , r, to attend divine service. The prayers were read by Dr. Rockland, Dean of West minster, and the sermon was preached by Dr. Dealtry, Archdeacon of Surrey, who took for his teat the 17 th and 18th sera s of the 88th Psalm i—" They came round about me daily, like water; they composed me about together. Lover sad friend hot thou put far from me, and mice acquaintance into darkness." The church was fill. d in every part, and amongst the hon. members present we noticed the following :—Lord J. Russell, Sir R. Peel, Sir J. Graham, Sir G. Grey, Mr. Macaulay, Sir W. Somerville, Sir W. ilea hente. Lord Lin coln, Lord 3. Manner., Sir G. Clerk, Sir R. Inglis, Mr 8. Herbert, Mr. Goulbum, Lard Bandon. Mr. S. Wortley, Mr. S. O'Brien, Sir P. Egerton, Mr. W. Cowper, Mr. Shaw, Mr. G. A. Hamilton, Lard Courtenay, Mr. Brother too, Mr. Kemble, Mr. Newdegate, Mr. Milnes, Mr. W. Patten, Mr. Cardwell, Mr. Ellice, sen., Col. Reid, Adm. Hondas, Capt. Plurnridge, Mr. Henley, Mr. Bennet, Mr. E. Turner, Mr. W. Collett, Mr. Stuart, Mr. Stanfield, Mr. Protheroe, Mr. Spooner, Mr. Escort, Mr. Tufnell, Mr. Bus. feild, Mr. Phillpotts, and Mr. Dick. POOR RELIEF (IRELAND) BILL. D1•11110X In favour of third clause retesting that whenever the expenses chargeable to an electoral division of n union in Ireland, in any one half year. shall exceed a sum amounting to ,ne -Maw and three pence i . the pound on the net mine of such divixine, a portion the raid expenses, amounting to one shilling and threepence in the pound, shill be charged to the said electoral die inn, and the re. mangler thereof shall be charnel] to the union at Urn^ ; and = Mr. J. Orsurs tr.l:£l amendment that the rawness generally be charged on the whole Union. Ale, 120 ; Noes, 25. AYES. Acheson, Vim Coiebrooke,Sir T.llanMef. Sir J. Perfect, R. Acton. Cal. Coots, Sir C. IL HAWN" B. Philipp% Sir R. Adderley, C. B. Copel a nd, Aid. lleneerre. E. Plumriditn CNN- Ablaut, W. Courtemy, Lard Henley, J. W. Protheroe K. D. Anson, Hon. Coke's*. W. 0. Ilobbonme, Sir J. Reptork O. W. J. Animistic E. eral/fo4d, W. 8. 11Mkitia, K. Rice, H. Archbold, R. Daimon, lion. T.lngbs, Sir R. H. Remilly, J. Raring, F. T. Denison, J. E. Jamey, W. Roes, 0. R. Barnard. E.G. Disraeli, B. Jerrie, Sir J. Russell, Lord J. Batson, T. Dundee, Sir D. Jones, Capt. nindon, Thai Bellew, K. M. Ellin W. Kirk P. Shaw, F. BentinekLordG.Tecott, ii. Labouchere, H. Sheri, It. L. Bentinek.Lordll.Evans. W. Laseellen lin.W.Smith, R. V. Betteity,Un.Cpt Fielders. J. Le•toc, A. Stuart, W. V. Blakensore Fennison, Mr R. lawkwy,lln.Capt.struti, E. J..J. Tineh, G. Mackinnon, W. Thunprom Ald. Bo ßs' t l =, B ritagrerald, R. A. 51aenartrwa. MJ. homely, T. Bowring, Dr. Fenster, IL Shinners, Lord J.Tnillope, Sir J. Brooke, Sir A. B.Fox, C. R. Motile, F. Tpce 11, Sir J. T. Buller, C. Fuller, A. E. Maxwell, He. J. Vane, Lord Buntsi ,W. IM.Giaborne, T. Milt n, R. M. Verner, Colonel W. Glynne, Mr S. R. Monahan, J. 11. Webb, Sir J. B. Byng. G. 8. Gore, W. it. 0. Modyn, Nom E. Ward, It. 0. (Knew, W. 11. P. Gore, Mo. R. Need...irate. C. N. Wilshere, W. Diwesdhh,lln.C.GeeMborn, IL Northland, Vise. Woad, Sr C. Chapman, B. Graham, Sir J. Werke, A.B. Wyse, T. Chiettester,lardJOrey, sir O. °Krim, C. Voting, J. Mime'''. Mir M.firimaditch, T. Wenner Don any, Blr W. Grogan, K. Owen, Sir J. =MEM Chen, nir U. hued, sir J. Parker, J. 11111. toed M. Cole, Hon. H. Allamilton, G. A. Patten, J. W. Tufnell, J. NOE-4. • Blake, M. J. Denni•toun, J. 64, D. N. 011mnell, J. Bright, J. Donar,, G. Lucile..., Iron. C.Wawn, J. T. Brolartan. J. Evart, W. lumrd, Major Williams. W. Browne, It D. Fitzwilliam,llnG.ll'Carthy, A. Torte, IL It. Calhighan, D. Mall, hir B. M . Donnell, J. M. 11E1.1.V.N., Collett, J. Raton, Capt. V. Napier, Fir C. (PCninell, M. J. Dune', lica.CoUolli/e. Sir W. O'Brien, W. S. Randal, Colonel Dimmos in favour of claim IS, routine Guardia). to collect the money required, with Poor Rata; and mrainvt Mr. Wrarroao O'llaime. motion, that the chore *omitted. Ayes, It/; Noes, N. Y ZS. . . Ankrittin g TWA. erawford,W, j.7 . 17 0 ..j.d. fin. Co . Abiggiralli, P. I'Mlmeny, Lord Jaws, Sir W. C. Ricardo, J. 1.. AI W. Amer, I lon.Col. Jervis, Air J. Rich, 11. Amon, Hon.CaL Vira. !tinnily, J. Antrabus, E. benison, J. E. Labouchere, H. Russell, Iced J. Arebbod, R. Derandoun, J. !wiriest. lion. C. scrope, O. P. Botchy, D. Duncan, G Layard, Major Shell, Rt. lin. R. Raring. V. T. Dural., Admiral Lemon, Sir C. Smith, J. A. Barnard, E.G. Diorama, Sir D. Lindsay, Capt. Smith, ItLIIn.R. Bellew, It. M. Ellice, E. Mackinnon,W.A.fkuroirrille.sir W. Berkelee.l lon. CEreott. It. Wearily. A. Stanley, I 1n.w.0. Berkeley,Ha.eptEvans, W. WDonnell, J.M. Stuart, Lind J. N.A.., .0. 3. Fergu•no, Sir R. braille, lion. Y. Mural, W. V. Bodkin, J. J. litaarrald, R. A. Nlitchell, T. A. Atria, I 10n..E. Bone. ie,lion E. Fonder, M. Monahan, J. IL Thornely, T. Bowie', Admire! Fox, C. R. Morpeth, %loci Toranky, J. Bowing, Dr. Goraorne, T. Morris, D. Verdi, Lord H. Bratherton, J. Gore, lion. R. Maier, lion. E. %Abe., lion. C. Buller, C. Graham, Sir J. lisnier, Sir C. Ward, LI. G. Busfeild, W. Coy, sir G. O'ltrien, W. A. Wnwn, J. T. Byng, 0.8. Grierriditcb, T. O'Connell, M J. Williams, W. Callaghan, D. Guest, Sir J. O'Connell, J. Wilshire, W. Carrndirk,lin.e. Hall, Sir B. O'Conor Don Wood, Air C. Chaplin, W. J. Harmer, Sir J. Ogle, S. C. 11. Wy.o, T. CbOmeite, Slr M.Hastie, A. Owen, Sir J. Yorke, H. B elay, Sir W. Hawes, B. Paget, Colonel Young, J. Coiebrooke, SirT.lleathorat, J. Paget, Lord A. Collett, J. Heneage, E. Parker, J. TILLIMIL Cbirlar.d, Ald. Hindley, C. linden, J. W. Tufnell, Cowper. lin. W. Hobhome, Sir J. Phiapotts, J. Hill, Lord M. Craig, W. G. Howard, Home N . OES. Acton, Col. Coote, Sir C. IL Herbert, Home. O'Brien, C. Adderley, C. B. Corry, Hon. H. llodgran, R. Parangion, Sir J. Braman, T. Conrienay, Lord Ito r, G. W. Ross, D. IL Bennet, P. Disraeli, B. Jodi*, Sir W. Shaw, Itlllos.P. Bentinek,LoniG. Dowd., Sir C.E. mown, Capt. Spooner, It. Bentinck,Lordll. Douglas, J. D. S. Lefroy. A. Stuart, 1. Wiredord, Minor Koch. G. Lennox, Lord G. Taylor, E. Brooke, Sir A.B. Intrwilliam,O.W.Lincora, Endo( Thompson, Aid. Bruen, Col. Forben, W. alacnamarn, Msj.Trullope, Sir J. Bunbury, W.M. Gashed, J. M. Manners, lord J. Verner, Sir W. Carew, W. IL P. Gore, W. ILO. blaxwell,lln.J.P. Wtl-h, Sir J. It. Chapman, A. Goulborn,lln.H. Milne; IL M. Wellesley,Lord C. Chichester, I.A.J. Gregory, W. 11. Newdrgatr, C. Clerk,lloo.Siro. Grogan, F. New , Vine. O'Brien, A. S. Cole, lion. 11. A. Hamilton, G. A. Northland,Vimet. Bandon, Viet. ght epairtoo. MAILS. The overland eloped malbcri.;/Tfiitiellies, to the Mediterranem., Egypt. Aden, Ceylon, India, Hong Kong, tar., will be made up on the evening of the 25th Much. The mails for vigo, Oporto, Lisbon, Madeira, Cults, and Gibraltar, will be made ma en the morning of the 27th March. The mad. for New South Wale., Van Diemen's Land, and New Zealand will be mode up on the evening of the 3let March. The West India mills, including Mote for Mellor', llondnrns, and the Harannah, will he made up on the morning of the lnd April. The mails for British North America, Bermuda, and the United Slates, will be made up on the evening of the 3rd April. The overland trails for Gibraltar, MaltmGreere, the lonian Wand!, Emit, Aden, Ceylon, India, hone-Kong, and China, vin Southampton, will ►e made up on the morning of the 3rd At.rP. The malls for elm Boma., the River Plate, Monte Video, Pernam buco. Bahia. Mateira and Beane Ayr., will be made up on the ~keg ofthe sth April. TO CORRESPONDENTS. WI dalmot notice, ibani - wa - y - ,Tai communication that la met to PP aucaymenaly ; but those who &one to addrees as in ecafkicaor End Diagram/Menne respected. NEITHER CAN WE UNDERTAKE TO RETURN ANY 11ANU9CRIPTS WIIATEVEIt. The Advertising Mem of the" DAILY NEWS" mud "EXPRESS " have been REMOVED from 00, FLEET-STREET, to No. 10, WAIVER' &STREET, YLREESTRERT, contiguous to the Printing and Palatably Moen. 0 .• atm:animate intended for The Eosns, Landon evening paper, most be at the Mee by Duo o'clock on the day of publicteiraL NIGH WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE. Tuts Doe--Morning, 22 min. past ; Afternoon, 12 min. pent R. To-Monson—Mormon, S 3 mia. peg 0; Afternoon, Sl.la, past 10. LONDON, THURSDAY, MARCH 25. THE Morning Chronicle states the education scheme very fairly, and puts its statement into the mouth of the Leeds deputation. It admits that in a large num ber of parishes, the dissenters are in such a small minority, that the only schools possible or likely to be established in these parishes will be National ones, that is, connected with the Church of England. For the government to encourage these schools, or their formation, (for multitudes are yet to form) is, accord ing to the Chronicle, unfair to the dissenters, who have no schools of their own, and who cannot send their children to the National school. What is this but the fable of the dog and the manger? There are hundreds of parishes without education. The dissenters are in such a minority these, that they cannot hope to establish schools. For this reason they demand that there shall be no schools; since schools, if any, will be more of the tone and colours of the majority, and the children of the mino rity will be tempted to frequent them. So that, for fear the children of the minority might be tempted to take a lesson in spelling from a Church of England preceptor, the children of both majority er.d =in.wity srr to romaln unAtcatcd. We realty never heard anything so preposterous, or so narrow. We should, certainly, prefer a system of education independent of all ecclesiastical influence in the school itself. But every one knows that such a wish is hopeless, and that in our free country the majority of a population will assume certain advantages. The government does what all representative govern mints must do. They invite the aid of the majority to carry oat a plan of education. The minority says, no ; we cannot form schools is these districts, but no one else shall. We repeat, therefolte tI i r a t quote the Morning Chronicle to prove, that Mr. 13AINES is the "dog in the manger." And it is not a little amusing to per ceive the efforts he makes to persuade the Wesleyans to lie down with him on the educational hay, so as to keep even the children of Church of England poor from getting a morsel. Before the Jesuits commenced their campaign against the national system of education in France, they were at open war with the parochial clergy, and, animated by more than the ordinary jealousy which divides the regulars and seculars in the 'Church of Rome, they assailed , all the Tramontane priests with as much fierceness as the Leeds Mercury used to dis play against the Wesleyan Methodists. Bat when it was necessary for the Jesuits to seek allies in their warfare against education, they placed ultra-montaniam out of sight, and exhibited as much zeal to win over the seculars as the Leeds Mercury now displays to gain the Rapport of the Wesleyan. In 1839, the Methodists, for opposing the government scheme of education,were stigmatized by the Mercury as " cavillers " and " bigots ;" while Dr. BUNTING was held up to repro bation by the derisive title of " Bishop." In 18.17, the Mercury invites the Wcslcyans to persevere in the course which it had itself reprobated, and it avers that the Methodists are ready to join in its own factious course, though that respectable body has carefully held aloof from the BAINES' opposition. The educational committee of the Methodist con ference, in the resolutions adopted on Thursday last, distinctly admits that " there are grounds on which it would approve a scheme of education to be supported by national taxation," and it has voted " that a statement of the objec tions to the present measure should he submitted to the committee at the adjourned meeting." This is a manly and dignified course, calculated to win respect, and to secure attention. Objections thus duly weighed, and calmly considered, will not contain such monstrous blunders and patent falsehoods as the list we had recently to expose. Every true friend of education will receive the objections of the Wesleyan committee with a sincere anxiety to make such modi fications in the plan as will, without impairing its efficiency, obviate their conscientious scruples. We give the gentlemen of the committee the fair credit of believing that they will not be animated by the cap tious, cavilling spirit attributed to them by the Leeds Mercury, and that they will show that the bigotry with which that journal charged them was an accu sation levelled against them by the rancour of sec tarianism. Hitherto, their proceedings have ex hibited a marked and honourable contrast to the course adopted by Mr. IlAtries and his assn ciates ; nor is there any reason to doubt that the I proceedings of the committee, on Thursday Bth, will continue to exhibit the dignity and the moderation by which they have been hitherto distinguished. We have given no .indiscriminate support to the government measure; it falls far short of the prin ciples which have been advocated in the Daily News, for it does not make an examination of competency compulsory on all teacher., and it does not enforce inspection on all schools. We lament that the Na tional Society and the British and Foreign Society have a share in the appointment of the gentlemen by whom their schools are inspected, and the consequent necessity of having two sets of inspectors ; but we believe that there existed a very high expediency for these concessions, and we are not indisposed to make some sacrifice to gain our great end—the moral eleva tion of the community. The Leeds Mercury menaces Lord MOEPETII, and the Patriot avers that the Mercury can return the members for the West Riding; the Patriot had a similar opinion of its own influence in Southwark, and hazarded the experiment, with what result need hardly be recorded. Now we need hardly remind the Mercury and the Patriot that this system of bullying the representatives of popular constituencies has been tried by both these journals in England, and that the system, as it deserved to do, signally failed. " Threats and boasts," said an eminent statesman, " are the ordinary resources of a bully to frighten away fear, and partisans have recourse to them only when in their consciences they are convinced of the weakness, the injustice, and the dishonesty of the cause which they advocate." SIR GEORGE GREY, the other night, informed the house, in answer to Mr. BRIGHT, that "he had re ceived no intimation from any of the judges as to the indisposition of juries to find persons guilty in cases where capital punishment would follow." The ques tion was elicited by the late cony iction for robbery, at York, of the three men who were last year acquitted of the murder which followed on the same robbery, and for which they were last week sentenced to the heaviest punishment in the power of the judge to inflict. The case has excited no lLttle Aare of notice and of comment. No wonder. 'lie murder was a double murder, perpetrated under circumstances which invested it with even a romantic horror. There were all the melodramatic accessories : a moonless sky to hide the deed ; a gusty night to carry the shrieks to startled listeners; and a rapid, swollen river to bear away the victims. The clinching evidence was that of an eye-witness, almost an accessory, and a woman. Her tale was singularly cor roborated ; but the chain of confirmatory facts was, on the trial for the murder last year, incomplete in some little links. These gaps Mr. Justice CRESSWELL pointed oat in his summing up. The jury found a verdict of " Not guilty,"to theastonishment aI ik eof judge, bar, and public. At last, a curious explanation of this verdict oozed out. There was amongst the twelve a juror who had a scruple against the penalty of hanging. He held out; and, right or wrong, had bowed the eleven wills to his own—aided, no doubt, by the petty doubts which even the judge had noticed. True, he was bound only to find a verdict, not to pass a sentence. His function ended with the "guilty" or " not guilty" of the foreman. In stretching past this to the awfulness of the black cap, and the vulgar horror of the scaffold, he was, in obedience to a theory, violating a duty, and one which he had sworn to fulfil. The men were acquitted. In the interval between this result and the spring assizes, the missing links in the chain of evidence were found. They were arraigned for the robbery, which accompanied their first murder, and found guilty on presumptive proof, as close and unimpeachable as presumption can be. The credit ofjaries is shaken by such a circumstance. The twelve men in a box are one of the few relics of the wisdom of our ancestors, which modern theory has hardly ventured to nibble at. Obvious as the objet ions to it are ; easy as it is to press into argument its igno rance, its pliability, its obtuseness, its hap-hazard; there has been a tacit sense of advantages counter balancing these defects. And this sense is a sub stantial one. There is less liability to error in twelve somewhat obtuse minds than in one, however acute. Besides, facts reach those minds after much previous straining and considerable purificatory pro ceas. First comes the conflict of exporte statements and opposing evidence, conducted by dexterous coun sel Then the laaid summing up of the impartial judge, who, in addition, points out the matters which are to serve as tests and landmarks to the jury, and the limits within which their judgment is to be exer cised. Notwithstanding the formidable array of motions on the new trial papers, we maintain that, substantially, juries get at the truth in their verdicts, better than any existing tribunal intended for the same work. The onus of the new trial lies oftener on the judge than on the jury. We can see nothing in a case so exceptional as this of the Barnard Castle murder, on which to ground an argument for readjusting our jury system. Juries, like all other human institations, require care and lair play, ' in order to their good working. We published a letter the other day, and publish another to-day, on the nullity of Essex juries, owing to the neglectful and disgraceful manner in which they are selected. lf, as in those cases, we take the ignorant, une ducated, and incompetent, to sit as jurors, we degrade the institution. Again, if we admit over-sensibility and oddity of opinion, which objects to the penalty of death on abstract grounds, and allow men, whose minds are so affected, to sit as jurors, we also help to nullify the institution. Let but electors take similar objections to representative Fzvernin,-st, and the Wog is at an er.i. To pr , scrn juries against such betrayal, those who serve on them should be asked whether their sensibility permitted them to execute their oath in giving their judgment. If their minds do not permit this, let them be excused and fined. Such over-sensibility is a luxury for which men ought to be made to pay. Better mulct the individual than destroy one of our oldest and noblest institutions. If the penalty of death be unad vieable, let as abrogate it. Hut let not the perverse reason of a few originals saeceed in destroyln i la institution, for which we can only substitute THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, MARCH 25, 1847. trary and tyrannical one of the judgment of • govern ment functiOnary. We think that every effort should be made to improve the selection of juries; and until we can educate better the very humble classes, which we now please to call to the s jury-box ' we should look a little more to their acquirements and capabilities ere we trust them. This, we are confident, would be the best measure of reform. All otters are open to serious objections. Doing away with the jury altogether is a favourite recommendation of men who see bat a very small part of our social and political system. The E.ruminer recommends a court of appeal in criminal cases. The court of appeal then would only tell on the side of mercy. But unless it was an appeal court, like that of Cessation in France, which takes but a day or two to consider the case, and never sets aside the judgment except for informality, it would deprive our criminal justice of its chief terror, and, consequently, of its chief use, viz., that of an irrevocable sentence. if it was in the power of every prisoner, or his counsel, to obtain his being twice tried, the more guilty the individual, tee more power ful and wealthy the criminal, the more diflicalt would be his condemnation, the greater the prospect of safety and hopes of escape. This would be no desirable result, and, ere we risk producing it, we should first employ every feasible means of composing English petty juries of fairly educated and intelligent men. We have bestowed some attention on the return of the circulation, and of the coin and bullion held in reserve by the Bank of England in 1846. It seem. to convey much curious instruction. The year 1846 began with a note circulation of 27,201,0721., and a reserve in coin and bullion of 13,281,4731. It was a season of apprehension and caution ; and, although in March the circulation had slightly diminished, the precious metals had in creased to 13,987,383/. By the month of August we find the notes issued amounting to 26,961,7331., and the bullion in the vaults 16,366,0681. What can this change indicate, if not a suspension of trade—a caution that threatens to produce some of the evils from which it shrinks ? The state of the potato crop was then known, and an apprehension was abroad that we should have to import grain on a large scale. Corn prices rose, and cotton prices simulta neously advanced. Were trade unfettered, and simple calculations on the merchants' and manufac turers' part admissible, it would have been easy to predict that in those parts whence we should have to draw our supplies, a good market might be expected for manufactured goods. Even if exported articles were superabundant in eastern Europe or in America, and low prices had to be taken in order to effect sales, still, the workman at home and the sailor had their labour paid at the lowest price, and this would have been more economical than large remittances in bullion, which could only affect our manufactures indirectly, and after they had gone out. Here is one great ground of quarrel with the Bank restriction system. The mind is diverted by its operation from making estimates of the probable result of ingenuity and enterprise, and is forced into calculations of possible contingencies affect ing our stock of bullion, which make it not unsafe, but illegal, for the Bank to be caught with a large issue of notes. The practical effect of our eystem was, there fore, a paralysation of foresight, and an abstinence from exertion, which would only entail the very evil sought to be avoided at a later date—the export of bullion. Accordingly, in February, we find the stock of bullion and tom reduced to 12,044,934/. The whole of the difference was, perhaps, not directly exported from the Bank, for a large portion went to Ireland, where, for the first time in the history of that country, wages were paying in money. The coin held by the banks in Ireland, in January, 1847, was 2,383,2361. The banks of Scotland held 1,346,314/. By the end of February, 224,755/. of this money had been circulated; and, as the banks both of Ireland and Scotland had over issued, it became necessary to withdraw notes, which was done to the extent of 326,8041. In the last week in February the Irish note circulation amounted to 7,030,000!. In Scotland the issues were 3,103,0001. The loss of the crop in Ireland has been variously esti mated. One of the lowest valuations gives 10,000,000/. alone for potatoes. Other grains, and domestic animals, may make half as much more. This loss had been compensated, perhaps, to the extent of 6,000,0001. by sums remitted from England up to the Ist of March, 1847. A great difference was thus occasioned in the circulation, owing to the introduction of money payments, both for labour and produce, to this amount. If, therefore, in ordinary years, the currency of Ire land absorbs 6,334,441/., we have, in February 1847, an addition of only 675,539!. above the legal issues which, as is well known, are founded upon three years of actual experience. We have, therefore, every reason to suppose, that a large portion of the bullion that disappeared from the coffers of the Bank of England found its wsy to Ireland, not to be hoarded, as many think, but to supply the new and unusual demand for money arising from the change in the mode of paying wageft. But, in fact, the demand was far greater than the English remittances show ; for the presentments sanctioned by the landed gentry, and to raise which they gave powers to distress themselves, should also have been paid in money. The people were fed with maize, rye, and oatmeal, to a large extent imported. The landlords speculated on high prices after winter. It will consequently excite little wonder that the landowners were able to do but little until the Eng lish markets became available for their produce. They had no means of getting advances on produce. All the bullion was circulating on government account. No banker dared come with notes to their assistance. Of the false position thus created we have evidence enough in the objurgations of which the Irish land lords have been the victims from parish priests and members of Parliament, to say nothing of the deep mouthed baying of the nnes. We need no stronger proof of the moral, social, and economical difficulties opposed by the Bank Restriction Act to the relief and reconstruction of society in Ireland. 'While this was going on, inadequate as our remittances in gold and grain have been to soothe the pangs of famine, and so check the progress of disease, the panic created by the abstraction of so much bullion from the Bank coffers in London operated in England as a complete check to trade. The real exportation direct from the Bank, in the present year, is perhaps under a million. It had coat our traders a rise to discount of 1 f per cent. The raw material and freights, happening to rise at the same moment, created a greater demand than usual for floating capita/. This demand is met by a diminished note cir culation of the Bank of England of 1,622,2431., se compared with January, 1846. Of the effect of this state of things in the manufacturing districts, the operatives can give the best account. The ingenuity of those of their advisers, who imagine that restrict ing the powers and the profits of mill-owners is the way to raise wages, is placed by it in strong relief. But will any one deny that we are indebted to the wisdom of the originators of the Bank Restriction Act for a complication of no ordinary magnitude, amounting to nothing less than the loosening of nearly every social tie—to the infliction of demo ralisation and actual starvation on millions of our fellow-countrymen ? Trrs distinctions of physician, surgeon, and general ' practitioner, have arisen out of circumstances ; and we are no advocates for abolishing them. There is un doubtedly much advantage attending upon this divi sion of labour in the practice of medicine. Not only do we find that the duties of the physician and surgeon may be efficiently separated, but each of these provinces may be divided into others ; and thus it is that we see medical men applying themselves to particular departments of their profession with the greatest success. At the same time, such a division of labour can only take place in large communities ; and in the country generally there must be men, who are competent to perform the duties of every depart ment of their profession. But that these should be regarded as an inferior body, that their education should be considered of loss importance, and that they should ec , riafitr-te dsgra:ted cans in the prefeagon, is what we pretest against. It has evi dently been the policy of the governing members of the Colleges of Surgeons and Physicians to endeavour to draw a line of distinction between those who practised medicine and surgery alone, and those who practised both together. The College of Physicians had never allowed themselves to be tainted with a community of membership with apothecaries, but the College of Surgeons had given its diploma to all who applied for it, and, up to 1843, nearly every general practitioner in this country was a member of the College of Surgeons. It was in this year that the college obtained a new charter, by which a body of fellows were elected from among the members, who were to constitute an elective body from among whom the executive council were to be chosen. By thus elevating a few of the members of the college at the expense of the rest, we think the college has at tempted to make a distinction between the fellows and members, which cannot but be injurious to the latter, and, in the end, will tell against the college itself. But whilst the College of Surgeons has been en deavouring to draw the cord tighter, and to create distinctions which had hitherto not existed, the Col lege of Physicians has felt uneasy at its present posi tion, and we have now before us a memorial from the fellows to Sir GEORGE GREY on the subject of a new charter. With diminishing numbers, and its conse quence, a straitened income, with the increased in telligence of general practitioners, and the entire annihilation of all legal power by granting the charter* of the College of Surgeons and of the Apo thecaries Societe, the fellows of the College of Phy sicians feel that, as their utility as a medical body at all may be questioned, their very existence is pt rifled. The College of Physicians owes its existence to an act passed in the reign of HENRY by which power was given it to license all competent persons to practise physic in the United Kingdom. These licences were granted by a body of eight fellows, called Elects, out of whom the presi dent is chosen, for persons practising out of London, and by the Censors, a body consisting of the president and four fellows, for those who practised in London. From the moment the fellows, who were originally forty in number, but may now be increased to eighty, obtained this power, down to the present time, their object seems to have been to obtain the London prac tice for themselves, and to confine their body as much as possible to graduates of the Universities of Oxford and. Cambridge. From this cause has arisen the neglect of the college in earlier periods to avert its right to license country phy sicians, and its present contemptuous treatment of them ; its quarrels successively with the apothe caries and surgeons, which have ended in the tomer becoming its successful rivals in practice, and the latter possessing a corporation with privileges as great as its own. Had nut the fellows so pertina ciously maintained that no man ought to be allowed to practise physic who was not educated either at, or upon the plan of, the universities of Oxford and Cam bridge, they might at this day have been where the act of HENRY VIIL placed them, at the head of the , medical profession, with all necessary power to ex ' amine every rank and class of medical practitioner. They, however, fatally mistook the nature of their profession, confounded an Oxford and Cambridge education with a knowledge of the practice of medicine, and have, consequently, been obliged to succumb to the common sense of the public, who have given their confidence to men educated where alone they could learn their profession, and have placed the College of Physicians in its present unenviable posi tion. The two great changes in the constitution of the college which the fellows pray for in their me morial for a new charter, are the abolition of the power of the elect to examine for country licences, and the power of bestowing their fellowship not, as has hitherto been done, by favour, but upon those licen tiates who shall submit to an examination of a more severe character than they have hitherto instituted. To these alterations there can be no objection, pro. aided the college has no legal power to compel persona to submit to its examinations. If there be any value in the examinations of the college, the public should be left to discover it for themselves. The want of legal power on the part of the College of Surgeons has been, we believe, an element in its popularity as compared with the College of Physicians; but the former body has already set the fatal step towards diminishing its popularity ; and in the memorial of the College of Physicians we see little indication of any desire to avoid the errors into which it had previously fallen. Instead of wishing to perpetuate the unjust and disgraceful distinctions between fellows and licentiates, one would have thought that the col lege would have been anxious to have got rid of them, or at least tohavemade the executive power responsible to the voice of its members. Surely, if anybody in the world could be trusted with their own governance, it would be the few hundred members who constitute the College of Physicians. So flagrantly unjust is the constitution of the college in this respect, that the fellowship has been indignantly refused by some of the licentiates ; and it is to be hoped that the government will not, in this instance at least, agree to the perpe tuation of the evil. The College of Physicians still talks of its legal " powers : but it is nonsense to talk of legal powers which are not, and cannot be exerted. The right of every well-educated and legally qualified medical man to practise his profession how, when, and where he will, is so fully recognised by the people of England, as well as by the laws of England, that it can only produce a smile to hear the College of Physicians seriously assuming the poqies sion of legal power. But, although the College of Physicians has lost all authority, except through the individual merit of its members, which we freely allow to be great in the profession, it may still do important service to medi cal science. Let it abolish at once all distinctions of fellow, licentiate, and extra-licentiate, and give to all its members a common right in the property and privileges of the College. Let its president be elected annually, and its council (fellows if you please) be responsible to its members. Let its library be accessible to members and its halls open to the teaching the medical profession; let those brethren who cultivate other departments of medicine sec, that the physicians are anxious for the advancement of the science of medicine, that they have a feeling of the dignity and the importance of medicine, and we promise them yet, if not the first, at least a useful position amongst the medical institutions of their country. The Paris journals and correspondence of Tuesday are without interest. The defeat of the cabinet in the Chamber of Deputies, where the ministerial can didate for the vice-presidency was beaten on Monday by the candidate of the opposition, was the subject of general conversation. The Debats has an article on this in a pouting tone. M. Leon Faucher has given notice of an amendment on the project of law for the bank, to the effect of permitting the issue of notes for 100 f. The King and royal family left the Tuileries on Monday, on a visit to Fontainbleau. Accounts of grain riots continue to be received. In some departments, grain can only be transported under military escort. M. Delangle has been appointed Procureur du Roi s in place of M. Hebert, raised to the caliinet. No Madrid mails were received in Paris on Tuesday. FRANCE.—Coax Rtara.—ln consequence of the corn disturbances in the department of the Loiret, all the convoys of grain and flour will henceforth be escorted by sol diers. A detachment will be placed in each boat, and an other detachment will accompany it. Poeta of infantry, cavalry, and gendarmerie have been established in a great many places. The flour which was pillaged at Sury belonged to the bakers of Briar', the inhabitants of which town were in consequence deprived of their food. The bakers of Brume intend to bring an action against the communes in which the pillage took place, they being by law responsible. The pro prietor of the boat which wan pillaged at Chailly has already commenced an action against that place On Thursday the people of Pont-au=-Moines threat ened to pillage a boat laden with grain ; but the pre fect and the general of the district having hastened to the spot, with • detachment of troops, the mita was put to flight, and several of the ringleaders were arrested. The greater part of the men taken into custody are in easy cir cumstances. It is proper to state that the government has devoted not less than 10,265,6980. for relief of the poor of the department during the year 1847, 9,176,532 fr. being destined to public works, and 1,089,1680. to charitr i On Thursday • placard was stuck up at St. Ay, tel • the people that the " day of vengeance had come , end ex oil ing them to " burn the houses of the rich," and to " murder their wives," it being better to " die for murder than to die from hunger," and winding up with the words " Courage forward ! 'hurrah for pillage, for blood, for death !" This placard was well written, and, different to most documents of the kind, contained no faults of spelling. From this it is assumed that it emanated from en educated person, and it has been remarked (says the Messages. den Loiret) that in riu,re of the disturbances that bare taken Ont, t.sneons cf some substance have been the moat active ringleader., and that the very poor have taken little or no part. ITALY.—Rowe.—Prince Oscar of Sweden arrived at Rome on the 10th, under the name of Count de Tullgarn, and was to remain eight days at the Imperial City, and then join his ship at Wiors. On the evening of the 17th, the Pope, accompanied by Monsig. Piccollominl, dressed in a priest's robes, proceeded to the Rione de Monti, and distri buted medals amongst the superiors and teachers of that institution. He particularly recommended to their care the education of youth, es a matter of such high importance for the future destinies of the state. He was recognised by the people as he pained, and cries of " flea it Santo Padre ! ;Ira l'io .'ono!" ercumpanied his steps. Cardinal Duluth, Bishop of Imola, who was said to have left fur Vienna, was expected at Rume. Ile is to receive tice cardinal's hat at the next consistory. Judges have been appointed for the trial of the persons arrested in the corn riots. At Florence, numerous arrests have taken place. A deposit of arms has been dis covered at Leghorn, clandestinely smuggled in frocuSwitser land, by Genoa. BAADINIA.—ILLNESS OF THE KING.—A letter from Turin, of the 18th lost , states that the King Carlo Alberti is seriously . ill. On the 17th it was found necessary to apply leeches tw ice during the day. On the 19th he was bled co,dously. The members of the diplomatic body proceeded to the palace to inquire after the state of health of the august invalid. - GERMANY.—LITERARY PIRACT.—The Austrian government has just promulgated a law on literary property and against literary piracy in the Austrian dominions. It bears the date of 19th October, 1846, and consists of thirty-nine articles. The following are the most important terms of the law :—The author of a literary composition or work of art, may dispose of his property so best suits him, sad allow its repro ductiun to whomsoever he likes. Similar rights of an aut'tor arc enjoyed by the editor of a literary composition or work of art, by the editor of an anonymous work, or written under a fictitious name, and also by persons who undertake the publication of • work according to their own plan and at their own expense. The translation of a work from another language is regarded as the property of the translator, and a tranalati m of the same work, which should not offer any marked d i stinction, is regarded so counterfeit. The trans lation of an original work is not regarded as counterfeit, un less the author has inserted on the title-page, or in the pre face, that he himself intends having a translation of his work made ; in this latter case, any translation appearing in the same year that the original work was published, without the consent of the author, is regarded as counterfeit. The reproduction of works of art, no matter by what mechanical process, is regarded as counterfeit. The same protection is accorded, not only to an original production, but to any copy made by the author or with his consent. The reproduction, without the author's consent, of public lectures for instruction, edification, or amusement, is regarded as counterfeit, even should the editor have become the legitimate purchaser of the manuscript. Geographical and topographtcal maps, architectural designs and others, come under the category of literary productions and works of art, as also musical compositions. The quotation of pas sages from an author, in an original work, is not regarded as piracy ; extracts from works of the day, however, in books for instruction, may not exceed one sheet, and their source must always be garen. Exceptions to this rule are eerie- tions, fantasias, or studies on musical compositions. The representation of a dramatic work, or the production in pub lic of a musical composition, is the exclusive right of the author , and neither the one nor the other can be produced without the consent of the author, or before they have been published. The law awards the privilege of enjoyment, not only for the author's lifetime, but for thirty years altar the death. This privilege is extended to fifty years after his author's death, as regards works published by acade mies, and scientific and artistica' societies under the auspices of the government. Works published by other societies come under the category of thirty years Works published by the state come under the same category, miler the state thinks fit to allow their reproduction. The representation of • dramatic work, or the production of a musical composition, does not become public property till ten years after the death of the author. Counterfeit is punished by the confiscation of all the counterfeit copies, and all the apparatus employed in printing them, accompanied by a fine varying from 21. 10s. to 1001., and imprisonment in default of payment ; the fine of from 21. 10s. to 1001. being equiva lent to from right days to one month's imprisonment, tnat of 401. to 100/. to from three to six months. In case of a repe tition of counterfeit the right of publishing will be taken from the offender. Prosecutions for counterfeit can only be brought by the author or by persons enjoying the author's righte. The law extends its protection to works of every species without regard to the nation of the author ; it is ap plicable to all the states of the German confederation. As regards works published in states not forming part of the German confederation this protection will only be extended to them in the Austrian states, on the ground of reciprocity. - - GERMANY.—MYSTRIA.—MERCANTILE MARINE.— The Austrian Lloyds gives the following comparative state ment of the Austrian mercantile marine. Her trading vemels number 556, amounting t0'153,985 tons. At the end of 1843 the number was 538. and the tonnage 145,823, being an in crease in 1816 of 18 vessels, and 8,157 tons. Austria has betides 20 steamer, belonging to the Lloyd's company, mea suring together 6,981 tons, and amounting to 2,110-horse power. There are now on the stocks, at Trieste, five new steamers, amounting to 3,000 tons, and 1,200-horse power. DRESDEN.—NIURDER.—On the Bth inst. a journcy- I man bookbinder, named Strekle, who had been for some time notorious for habits of idleness and debaucher ?- , ex cited the suspicions of the police by selling his mother s fur niture to • Jew. A search was made, and both his mother and sister were found murdered. At his examination he coolly confessed that he had murdered them, partly for the sake of the little property which they had concealed from him, and partly from a hatred and contempt which he had felt towards them since childhood. His sister, he said, had always treated him unkindly, and his mother bad only in structed him in the vice of stealing, in which he confessed, that by long practice, he had become hardened and fearless. Suspecting that money was kept out of his reach, and having no other resources, he had committed the murder, for which he expressed no remorse. Letters from Cased, in the Bavarian palatinate, say that an address of devotion is to he sent to the king, owing to the late disturbances at Munich. A letter from Stuttgard of the 17th, says that the Emperor of Russia was expected soon at that capital, on a visit to the Grand Duchess Olga. The King of Wurtembsrg was slightly indisposed. A society has been formed at Frankfort by the Jewish women, for the education of the poor Jewish girls. The society counts airerely more than 400 members. The senate has accorded them the privilege of buying landed property, which is a great favour, as hitherto this was the exclusive right of the Christian._ THE FAROE ISLES.—SUPPOSED EaurnoN OF MOUNT II LCLA.—Accounts from the Faroe Isles state that on the 14th and 15th of January a fall of fine ashes took plane there. It was first observed on the wool of the sheep but was very slieht compared with the fall of ashes in 184 i. Yet, se the wind was blowing south end south-east at the time, it is supposed that some considerable eruption of Mount Hecla was the cause of the phenomenon.—Prussian Gazelle. EGYPT.—ORIENTAL SERVILITY.—The Spectatertr Egyptien of the 28th ult. states that two days before the festival of the Dams, in commemoration of the anniversary of the birth of Alahomet, two hundred persons threw them selves under the fret of the born rode by the Sheik, and which is a descendant of the prophet's famous Aboubcker, and suffered themselves to be trampled upon by the animal. AMERICA.—EMIGRANTS TO NEW YORK.—The Emigrant Pa gingers Bill, which has pawed the Assembly, provides that every shipmaster, on arraying at this port. shall report the name, birth-pla ce, and place of last legal residence, age, and occupation, of every alien passenger brought on his last voyage in said ship, whether from abroad or from any other state, who shall not have paid the sum required, by this act, or been bonded. Penalty 7.5 dollars for every person not reported, or falsely reported. Every alien passenger is subject to a tax of 1 dollar, payable by the captain to the city; and in case of the passenger being deerepid or infirm," a bond of 300 dollars, with two good securities, is to be given, that such passenger, and his or her children, will not he chargeable to any town, city, or county in this state.—New York Paper. CHLVA. The gossip supplied by such translations from the Pekin Gazette as appear in the Hong Kong end Canton papers from time to time, if it do not afford an enlarged or comprehensive view of the condition of the " middle country," may furnish amusement. FINANCIL—As we noticed yesterday, the Chinese finest cien are in great distress for circulating media. In the dearth of silver, the Emperor has caused a general query to be directed to the governors and lieutenantgovernors of provinces whether or not, in most cases, cash or copper money might be substituted for silver ? In answer to ail the viceroy of Keaug-se has forwarded the following re marks to head-quarters The price of silver has of late years so much risen, that measures for preventing absilute ' ruin must be instantly adopted. In 1844 it was pro posed to issue and receive cash at a uniform rate throughout all the provinces, to produce a reaction and bring the price of silver to per. An experiment of this kind was to be made at Keeng.se, but not carried out, for fear of attracting the cash of the adjacent provinces to this spot, from the ease with which it could be changed into bullion. It was therefore resolved to order the treasurers throughout the realm to make their returns of the receipts and expenditure, and to fix 1,500 cash as the standard exchange for a tael of silver. It would however be unjust to pay the soldiers in this man ner, because they can obtain 1,900 cash for a tael in silver, and would therefore be losers to a considerable amount, which might lead to mutiny. To pay other classes in cash would prove advantageous to the nation, and the project is likely to be adopted. Never since the accession of this dynasty, has there been such a scarcity of silver, or the financial difficulties appeared so great. ft is wonderful to observe, however, with what dexterity the board of revenue parries the imminent danger, and keeps natters going on, notwithstanding the large deficit in the in • come. In lionan, since 1843, there has been raised by patriotic contribution, under the promise of office, in order to repair the public works 3,750,000 cash, and 5,780 tack in silver. Of this sum only 557,000 cash and the river remain. We may, therefore, presume that the works have been car ', tied on with great despatch. The salt department and Cus s tom-house at Teentsin have still 40,800 tads at their dis posal, and submitted a statement of the same to the Em peror. The trade from the south appears to have been very thriving this year, and hence this large and unexpected surplus. The Lieutenant Governor of Chekeang, in an able and lengthy paper, avers that the present unheard-of high pike of silver arses from its scarcity, and that no artificial means can supply the deficiency. He propose to east large copper pieces of zr.oncy. :ntroditer gold tk Lott of silver, and to put a stop to false coinage, by which the value of cash is much deteriorated. On the other hand, the proposal to sub stitute the currency of cash for bullion has naturally in creased the demand for copper from the imperial minis. Instead of producing a greater quantity, however, it is les sening every day—the reason assigned by the governor being that, as the mine deepens, the expense of working it becomes ' greater, while government continues to pay at the same rate ea formerly. lie therefore suggests that new mines should be opened, though he is doubtful whether the proceeds will cover the outlay. Aaste.—The efficiency and courage of the imperial fores t ' I may be judged of from the following facts :—A high afiOtt having been convicted of drunkenness, was severely repri. mended by the Emperor, and banished to the frontiers, there to redeem his character. The glorious victory an nounced os having been gained by the imperial troops is Kokonnr, appears to have been greatly exaggerated by the general in hie despatches to the government, as a memorial addressed to the Uovernortlenerel of Shenoe and lianoult reports that one of the commanding officers, instead oe exterminating the mountaineers, had, in direct uppe d. tion to orders received front head-guartees, entered into a compromise o ith them. When urged setae. gnently to take the field, he excused himself oo the plea of sickness, though a young man in the full vigour of life. Tathungah must therefore march into the mountains to retrieve what cowardice and indecision hove lost —An officer of the frontiers being desirous of pet ting the post he commanded in a state of defence, invested a cannon and matchlock of descriptions much superior to those hitherto in use, and which met with general approbe. Lion. When about to provide the garrison with these ar m; however, he found there were no funds to cover the ex pense, and that if he did so, it must be at his owu cost. Not being a wealthy man, he proposed that some cavalry h em* should be sold fee the purpose.-Some regiments stations{ in Shen-se being badly off for barracks, considerable discos. sion took place as to how the expense of erecting new one should be repaid. At last the treasurer was ordered to ad. vane the sum of eight thousand taste, to be deducted is instalments from the pay of the miiitary. Itotiteis.—Rennexy, AND PIRACY are carried 00 is China on a scale to which we have no parallel in Europe. The sole employment of the imperial navy is to hunt down pirates ; and, instead of solitary policemen, whole regime n t. are set in motion to catch robbers, so may be seen by th e following official extract :—On the 6th of Ilth 111001 some yd. loins took with them to the pawnbroker Fung-cheang, at the 12th Pd, outside of the west gate, a letter demsadiag a thousand tech of money, saying, that it he did not pay it they would have his shop plunek•red. The pawnbrok e r im mediately reported the case to the local officers, who repro. seated it to the governor. The governor then, on the ruglit of e th .h e o 7 p th an da d p y re , vseenntt theout erobigbeh n t hundred fro sold iers m coming. B to dittsecui were about in huudreds. His Excellency Tai, the late chief pro. vincial director of education at Canton, was returning to the capital on the 27th day of the 10th moon ; on his way he came to Tsin-kwan, in the neighbourhood of Hunjetswefe, to the south, and was pillaged by a band of upwards of a hundred robbers, who took away all his baggage and other things belonging to him ; and, besides this, they wounded fifteen or sixteen of his servants, and of the sailors that were on beard his boat.-11th moon, Rth day. Coeur CIRCULAR.—We conclude with a short specimen of the l'ekin Court Circular :—The Emperor, assisted by the princes of the blood, held an examination, in the gardens of Yuetemilig, of those scholars who had not obtained their de . It is well worthy of remerk, that the ruler over bun. deeds of millions does not consider it beneath his dignity to act the part of a professor of the Chinese and Mentc hoo languages, but shows himself interested in the education of his people, and anxious for their advancement in knowledge. Zbe (Lunn. The Queen and Prince Albert, the Duchess Of Kent, the lathes and gentlemen of the court, and the de. mettle household, attended divine service yesterday more: ing in the private chapel at Buckingham Palace. Ths Bishop of Oxford preached the sermon. The Hoe. and ROT. C. Leslie Courtenay officiated at the service. Lady Augusta Bruce was in waiting on the Duclees' of Kent. Her Ma. Testy and her royal consort took their usual early walk yesterday. The royal family took their accustomed airings yesterday in the gardens of Buckingham Palace. Her Majesty the Queen Dowager and his Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge attended divine service yesterday morning in the Chapel Royal, St. James's. The prayers were read by the Rev. Mr. Helmore, the lessons by the Rev. Mr. Repteen, and the communion service by the Bishop of London and the Sub-Dean. The sermon was preached by the Bishop of London. The Queen Dowagee was attended by the Murehionesa of ()monde, Lady in Waiting, the Hon. Miss Mitchell, Maid of Honour in Wait ing, and the Vice-Chamberlain. Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Cambridge and the Princess Mary attended divine service yesterday morning in St. Michael's Church, Chester-square. Baroness Hammerstein and Mr. Edmond Mildmay were in waiting on the royal duchess. The Duchess of Cambridge also attended the evei.ing service. His Excellency S. Don Francisco Xavier d'lstaritz, the Spanish Minister of Foreign Affairs, arrived in town yesterday evening. DEATH OF COLONEL LINDSAY, LATE OP THE 78TH HlOHLANDERT.—intelligence has been received of the death of this distinguished officer, which took place a abort time before the depirture of the last mail, at Kandy, in the island of Ceylon. He entered the service an ensign in 1794, but was fur some years subsequently employed in home and minor services. In 1811 ne proceeded to Java, and was present in the actions of the 22nd of August and 16th of September. In the latter he co amended eight companies of the 78th Highlander., and for his conduct on the field re ceived a medal. In 1811 he 'ern d during the campaign of Holland, and took part in both the actions at Merano s and the bombardment of Antwerp. His commissions were thus dated : Frisian, July 3, 1701 ; lieutenant, August 22, 1794 ; captain, Nov. 22, 1801 ; major, Jan. 4, 1810 ; lieu tenant-colonel, :Nov. 25, 1813; and colonel, July 22, 1830. Although retired from the army for sour years, he was spe cially allowed to retain his rank. • THE FAST DAY. The general fast and humiliation, which sass ap pointed fur yesterday, was very variously observed in and around the metropolis. The shops were closed, and business of every sort suspended, even in neighbourhoods when traffic is continued on the Sabbath. At the east end of London, the shops, even those of the Jews, were generally closed. One queker's shop, however, was observed to be o pen. Bo far u we can judge from the reports which have , reached us, the churches were better attended than it is I usual for them to ho on Sundays. On the other hand, the same may be slid of the holiday places. These were re sorted to by crowds, and the steamboat and other convey ances reaped an ample harvest. Greenwich bad quite en Banter-Sunday look. The steamers poured out their hundreds, and the railway its thousands, to increase the holiday throng. The park au thickly dotted over with gaily dressed people; Blackheath, with its donkeys, was all alive ; the tea-shops were crowded, and, of course, the publio- houses were not empty. The hospital had hoes of admirers, and the entire neighbourhood formed a picture, in which groups engaged in eating, drinking, smoking, and dressed in their Sunday clothes, formed prominent cbjects. It should be noticed that these signs of festivity were chiefly imported from the metropolis ; the good people of the town itself, with the exception of those engaged in supplying the wants of the visitors, showing all respect fur her Pdsje.sty's procla mation, by closed shops, and fell churches. The Chelsea and Putney steamers were crowded with persons resolved to make the fast s holiday. Itcspecting the observance of the fast in the north suburbs of Loudon, we have received the following communication: Sir,—On this the " fast" day, which is all but expiring, I had occasion to pass from the Regent's-park to R.tr stead, over Primrose-hill, between 3 and 4 o'clock P.M., DI that description of conveyance known in the locality by the designation of the " marrowbone stage." On ascending the hill, I found some two or three thousand persons, composed principally of the " rising generation," engaged in collide with the police, two of whom, at intervals of digests, assailed from the rear by thousands of balls, composed alio amalgamated atoms of the blue has of the " London BUD," were conveying away some wretched ragged boys to the station-house, amidst the shouts, execrations, and what were termed " shot firings " of the overwhelming body in pets session of the ground. I could not ascertain what was the nature of the offence the boys had committed • whether they hail broken their " fast" at the expense o f others, or the " fast" at that of the royal proclamation ; but it occurred to me on quitting this scene of tumult for the "Sheph erd's Fi. ids," that the originators of the " fast " ought to bad responsible for its consequences.—Nor A " FAST" MAUL FARMERS' CLUB-HOUSE.-PAROCHIAL SETTLEMENT. - - • A special meeting of the Farmers' Club took place on Monday last, at theclub-house, Bridge-street, Blackfrisiti to consider the law of settlement, and to elicit from** members an expres..ion of their opinion en that subject. W. F. Hobbs, Esq. in the chair. K Chadwick, Esq., the secre tary of the poor-law commissioners, took part in the pro. cosid he iap. T CHAIRMAN said, that on the first of the preempt month the subject of Poor-law Settlement had coots under the consideration of the committee of the club. At that meeting, Mr. Chadwick, the secretary of the Poor-law Com missioners, attended, and to that gentleman the committee expressed their views in opposition to the present law, mar mending a measure which would place free labour in molt tition with the present slave labour of this country. Tao subject of poor-law settlement being one that deserved greis consideration, they hail therefore taken upon themselves* call a special meeting on the occasion. Mr. SHAW said, that of all the acts that were ever paw* by any legislature, there could not possibly be ens more contradictory than that of the poer-lsw settlement ; indeed it had created so much confusion, and aroused so much attend* to the law of settlement, that there was now a chance of seer& thing like legitimate, straightforward, reasonable legislation upon the subject. This act originat. d in • desire to mats certain porticoes of the community bear their isit proportion of the weight of the pool-rates. B was assumed that towns did not bear their faff proportion ; that there were certain localities which did not do so; and it was thought necessary that s measure should be passed, to equalise the burden. And here the framers of this bill had failed ; they had not taken pains to ascertain what was the state of fact. beim, they legislated, and so far from equalising burdens, the mea sure had had the opposite result. It had had the effect al placing labourers at such a distance fr.= their daily*** that a great portion of their strength was exhausted beim* testy souk C 06319140 their wash isne, ii %Liu csel tba of degrading the labourer, and making the lartner hhnosif the greatestaufferer in the end. Mr. EDWI".I CHADWICK said that he had thought amps , to attend the present meeting foe his own information as is the regime d the tonanttanners, and he would state foal ooanectedwith the suit** as nearly as he could. In IMS he had publicly expressed his opie ion that the law of aerie ment affected the very foundations of agricultural iialasoM was of mutual injury to employer and employed, owl osirn to be abolished. The hon. secretary then proceeded TO t P-1