The Express. — London, England, 1847-02-01 00:00:00

parliament cannot deprive those who pay for education of their undoubted right to waste their money on a worthless commodity. Perhaps it may take steps to supply something better, by reviving the efficiency of the numerous local endowments which were provided about the time of the Reformation for the education of the middle classes. In these cum the government is neither a mere intruder, nor a donor who has a right to attach arbitrary conditions to his benefaction; bat a general trustee for the founder, and for the objects of his bounty. When a modification of his specific intentions becomes neces sary, the Court of Chancery exercises the discretionary power of effecting it on reasonable and intelligible principles; but a general restoration of grammar schools will probably require the authority of parlia ment. We doubt whether public opinion is as yet sufficiently instructed to make • general settlement of the question desirable at present It seems more likely that discussions will arise in parliament and elsewhere, on the merits and condition of the universities. A small pamphlethas justbeen pub lished, under the title of " nions on the Admission of Dissenters to the Universities, and on University Reform, of the Bishop of Durham [here follows a lms list of speakers and writers on thesubject), &c.," which will furnish convenient authorities and common-places to those who wish to take a part in the controversy. Of amuse, a mere collection of isolated passages can prove nothing as to the merits of the question, or, in general, even as to the opinions of those from whom they are quoted. Several of the persons whose names appear in the pamphlet would strenuouslyprotest against the changes which are, no doubt, contemplated by the compiler, and if it was worth while they might complain with some reason, of the use made of admissions, which no doubt were originally guarded by statements or arguments of an opposite tendency. As we do not wish that the universities should remain as they are, we think it of great importance that the first attempt at a change Amid be made in a right direction. The very general ignorance, which prevails in parlia ment and elsewhere as to their real merits and defects, offers by far the most serious obstacle to any alteration for the better. The ruling bodies of the universities are notoriously averse to change ; but they have no means of resistance to it so available, as those which are sup plied by injudicious assailants. They have resisted t he admission of dissenters on grounds which were too readily admitted to be tenable by the dissenters and their friends, who relied too much on generalities and doubtful arguments. We propose hereafter to consi der the most flagrant evils of the present system, and the remedies which it is desirable to provide for them. It must never be forgotten that all education of all chums depends originally on the highest education. The parish schoolmaster and the parents of parish children who are learning the alphabet have an incal culable interest in the scholarlike spirit which will never be diffused through the mass of society, unless it is che rished and concentrated at the professed seats of learn ing and philosophy. Ws insert in another column a letter from the Rev. HENRYWOODWARD, of Fethard, whose essay and ser mons have won for him a milted reputation in the reli gious world. To what he has perhaps too forcibly stated we have little to add ; there are claws of enthusiasts on whom reasons thrown away, and experience is wasted. But we cannot avoid warning those who are anxious for the conversion of the Irish people, that intemperate &boas of Popery, and violent invectives against Romish priests, are about the worst means that could be adopted to effect such a purpose. When ST. PAUL preached at Athens, he did not denounce Paganism as " damnable and idolatrous," but from the existence of an altar to " the Unknown God," he derived means of directing the attention of the Athe nians to Him whom they ignorantly worshipped. The attempt to connect proselytism with benevolence is nothing better than an attempt to propagate reli gion by bribery,—to support the cause of truth by means borrowed from the worst form, of corruption. We wish that those who have unwarily joined in such a scheme would reflect that it is only by pure means that pure ends can be attained. It is an insult to the Protestant religion to combine its pro mulgation with the distribution of food—to assoc ate its creeds with a mess of pottage, and its articles with a morsel of meat. CHRIST reproved those whose only inducement to follow him was the miracle of the loosen and fishes; and it grieves us to find that there are those who call themselves Christians, and yet publicly recommend a course of conduct directly opposite to the principles and practice of their binned Muter. We dwell not on the danger of adding re ligious rancour to the other evils by which Ireland at the present moment is so fearfully afflicted ; we need not mention that the Irish peasant clings to his religion for support and consolation in the existing distress, as sincerely as the members of the Protestant Association do to theirs. Bigotry, still more preposterous, but much akin to this, is the declaration of Mr. HOARE, in his letter to Lord ROBERT GROSVENOR, that the present famine and pestilence in Ireland is a judgment of Heaven, sent against those who voted the Maynooth grant. We are not of the opinion that the Catholic priesthood of Ire land should be paid out of taxes levied on English Protestants. But the monstrous assumption, by men apparently devoid of common sense, and who by the light of fanaticism undertake to interpret and account for the decrees of Providence, ought to be scouted and branded, as the mountebank might be, who should daze to parody the grave ceremonies and sacred maxims of religion. We do not think that VOLTAIRE ever uttered anything so fully calculated to render religion hateful and ridiculous as this declaration of Mr. HOARE. If the vengeance of heaven, in the shape of famine, had fallen upon the voters of these relaxations or mere police measnres—(the Maynooth grant was one) c t —towards the Irish Catholics, there mi t have been some colour for this interpreting of ju ent. But , in the many inquests in Ireland of whic r the verdict has been "death from hunger," we never heard of one liberal member of parliament The middle and mercantile classes in Ireland, chiefly a Catholic class, have not suffered by the rise of provisions and influx of money. The 'tory landlords and the indigent peasants, both as innocent of bringing about emancipation or the Maynooth grant, as Mr. HOARE himself, have been the sole sufferers. To represent the population of Skibbereen as expiring by hundreds, on their straw, of fever and inanition—all this in order to pay for the po litical sins of Sir ROBERT PEEL—ia really the most preposterous and impious piece of nonsense that ever lisgmced a reasoning and religious population. IT is not long since the different markets of London imagined that they had few or no interests in com mon. Each stood isolated, like a ward in the city during the middle ages. Their places of meeting were, indeed, not fortified and protected by men-at arms. But, practically, a sugar-man had no right to trouble his head about the price of corn, and still less could the number of Essex and Kent barges that the flowing tide was likely to bring lip, or the nature of their cargoes, be supposed interesting to the dealer in wool or in hides. Everything about cotton was to be learnt, where it was known only, in Lancashire. Wine seemed to be grown in order that it might be col lared in the London docks. The operation of peace or war, of good or short crops, was traced only to the particular market that was left bare, or was over stocked. Trade was not only without fellowship with politics, with science, with agriculture, or ma nufactures, but was as unsociable as possible in its own subdivisions. Matters have of late been better understood. The dependence of one market upon another, of politics upon industry, of all kinds of industry upon science, is better appreciated. The recognition of this de pendence has recently gone the length of laying down practical rules for commercial calculations. A gradation of dependence is now recognised, com mencing with the corn market, no which all depend. The wale merchant, the wool importer, the dealer in sugar, now, all look to the corn market. When grain is cheap, all expect to do business. When it is dear they know they will have dull seasons. The rule dates, however, from a very recent period. Lord Rirox, when Chancellor of the Exchequer, based all the prosperity of the country upon high corn prices, and was met by none of the arguments that are now current. 'llia is a cheering feature of the present epoch ; and, when tic lesson is well learnt, how many anxieties, how many heart-breaking., what scenes of remorse and despair will it n t save ! To commercial men, who now hare a rule for speculation; to the agriculturist, whom the rule serves 'as a standard for the profitable cultivation of the soil ; to manufacturers, and consequently to the partners of each clue we have named, to the labourers, the possession of such a rule is invaluable. It is the application of this rule alone that makes it no hopeless task to grapple with the position of Ireland. In Ireland, the law which we now know to be paramount throughout the branches of production generally, has to be specially tested in agricul ture. Mr. Reasseres process has to be re versed, and Ireland, that has been ruined under high `corn prices, has to be saved and regene rated by rendering bread corn as cheap as possible. The working of the problem is simply this. Even the superabundant labour employed in that country upon the land would not have been so wretchedly requited as it has been, if the products raised by it were more . valuable than potatoes. First in the list of necessaries, however, stands food, and as long as food could be got in no other way, the Irish were obliged to grow it. They could not choose their crop. The present year has not only brought them foreign food, but has acquainted them with a kind of grain, the importance of which has long been overlooked in these islands—we mean maize, or Indian corn. Had it, however, been per- I I reedy familiar to oar predecessors, the very quality, which, under the new rule, especially recommends it, would have made them reject 3t It is perhaps the cheapest and most regular crop that is grown. In all hot climates there are vast strips of alluvial land, skirting rivers and lakes, which are sukiect to inundation in the rainy seasons. Great portions of these lands, manured by the floods and softened to receive the seed, are now unused, and form pestilential tracts from want of to absorb the nutri tious matter in the am Now, that maize can be imported into these kingdoms, the cultivation of the plant will doubtless extend in every direction. We shall receive it from the east and from the west. The Cape and our West India islands ought to be the foremast amongst our purveyors. The information, that we have gleaned respecting this valuable plant, we shall succinctly state. Beside the advantage of being a spring crop, and requiring no attention after sowing or dibbling, the plant does not, like wheat, grow too rank upon an over-rich soil, or, after being laid, rot upon the ground. The maize plant enlarges in proportion to the richness of its nourishment, until, from a graceful stem of four feet high, with broad pendant leaves and feathery flowers, it becomes, even in Europe, • tree shrouding from sight the miserable cottage of the Walachian peasant. It therefore needs no careful apportionment of manure nor any of the care that wheat demands. The stem of the plant is, moreover, succulent and replete with sac- charme matter. The soft inner core is nearly as sweet as the sugar-cane when growing, and is eaten with avidity by cattle. Cows thrive on the stalks even after they aro dried, and give abundance of milk when fed upon maize straw. These valuable quali ties in the straw enable the grower on a large scale to part with the grain at a low price. We do not apprehend that the use of maize will, even tually, much interfere directly with the consumption of wheat. But we trust that, uin the countries where it abounds, maize will appear indirectly upon our tables in the shape of meat, eggs, and poultry, reared upon that grain. In America, and in Southern Europe, horses are fed on maize, and get into excel lent condition. Even supposing maize limited to these uses, it most prove a highly valuable acquisition to the farmer, whom it enables to devote a large portion of hie land to flax and other green crops. The soil and climate of Ireland are both more adapted to green crops than to the growth of g.rain. The rains of autumn constantly thwart the industry of the husbandman, whereas 'these very rains are favourable to the growth of the after-grass and, with • good system of irrigation, grass, as in Lombardy, might be made to grow there nearly all the year round. Salted meat and butter are the natural ex port articles of Ireland, and are in great and con stantly increasing demand in tropical lands. That the exchange for these against maize and eager would be highly profitable to the Irish farmer cannot be doubted, while the manure from his stock would furnish the material for desirable garden crops or for grain on the dry elevated portions of the soil. From the gardens of Ireland, cheap supplies of fine vege tables might be furnished to our manufacturing I districts. To place the Irish cultivator in a position to avail himself of this choice of crops is unquestionably the aim of government. Drainage and improvements can only be effected by organic changes that will throw the soil into larger apportionments than hitherto, and the poor agriculturist will be raised from a cottier to the position of a small English farmer. The difficulties in effecting such a change are unspeakable. We are not, however, about to try a blind experiment. The rule which prescribes this coarse is now an acknowledged one ; and success will be proportionate to the spirit and confidence with which the task is undertaken. The Journal des Dibats of Saturday records our ' occupation of Labuan with the remark, how natu rally the event would furnish a theme of vituperation against the insatiable-ambition of England, for ever adding to her territories and colonies. It compares the French occupation of Tahiti to ours of Labuan, ,asif we bad displaced French missionaries, and per secnted therm, establishing a tyranny over a half- Frenchified population. The Dibats answers itself when it gives our reason for occupying Labuan as " Its being an intermediary position hetween Singapore and Hong Kong, and its containing opal, ea well as bordering a shore stored with mines of the same material, so indis pensable now to the navigation of throe sou." When the French can produce reasons so natural for the occupation of an island, we shall not accuse them of idle ambition. The position of M. Guizot before the French public is not enviable. Charged with a flagrant breach of faith in his relations with a friendly and an allied country, he is but feebly and diffidently defended by the advocates of the ministry in the press, and even among such journals one or two exercise enough of independence to repudiate him. La Patric, a semi official organ, admits that there exists in the public correspondence that which, if unexplained, mast involve grave censure. We have already given examples of the way in which this matter is dealt with by most of the leading journals which are independent of government influence. Le National, of Saturday, deals with the Minister of Foreign Affairs as follows : There m but one justification of M. Guisot possible, which is to declare that Lord Normanby has not spoken the truth ; that his dispatches represented their interview in a false light; that the minister, in fine, denied what was imputed to hint. We should have comprehended this defence, we should have admitted it, and should only have waited the reply of the ambassador; but if the latter has not violated the truth, what excuse is possible ? The question involves the principal point of the negotiation, the simultaneity of the marriages. It was, therefore, most important for Lord Normanby to know what had bun resolved upon respecting it, and it was also incumbent on M. Guisot either to show • great firmness, or, at least, great circumspection, in his answer. Well, then, what passed on the occa sion ? We must produce this incredible conversation. M. Onizot—" The Queen is to announce at the same time that she consents to the marriage of her sister with the Duke of Montpensier." Lord Normanby—" At the same time P • M. Guizot—" Oh no ! This letter marriage will not take place at the same time." Is this formal and elem. ? Will it be believed the' the ambassador should allow an expression so important to his policy to escape him) He took good care not to do W. He noted it, and wrote it to Lord Pal merston, and came to read his despatch to M. Ouizot ; the latter acknowledges its exactitude, atsd confirms therefore again the promise be had given. Twenty days after this Lord Normanhy reminded the minister of this promise. The latter began by denying it. The ambassador insisted, detailed the circumstances, repeated the words interchanged, read the letter and the note of the assent given by M. Ouisot ; to persist in the denial was no longer possible. " Oh, yes," said the minister, " I did in fact say something of that kind, that the Queen would be married first, and in effect things will pass in that way." This was, indeed, falling too low, and exposing him self to be harshly rs 4 buked by the ambassador, who did not fail to avail himself of the occasion thus offered. " I have cited," said he, " your own words, I have given them their natural sense, and I could not imagine that you meant int rely to tell me that the Oaten would walk foremost in the ceremony." Such are the facia, and they are so overwhelm. ing, that unless their exactitude is disputed, it is impussi'de to attempt the slightest justification. Now the Debate does not disei.te Lord Normanby's statement. It admits it, and only userts that at the last interview between the ambas sador and the minister, nothing had yet been decided as to the epoch of the marriage. What! The Duke of Muntpensier had started for Madrid, aiid yet it had not been decided whether the marriages wuukl take phicer at the same time ! The Spanish government was resolved from the beainuiog not to celelir.de wes ivarr.nge without the other. This has been sled a t tain and again, and yet the French cabinet remained uncertair.! Why, then, did the Duke of Moutpentier depart? But suppose all M. Gutted now affirms is true, he is not the less inexcusable fur basing Kiser, his word to an atnahosallor that the two marriages ebbuld not be simultaneous, and much more in. excusable for denying his word after having given it. But what is most unbecoming of a minister, or even a nun of honour is the ridiculous pleasantry which he offered usn explanation of his ptomise., What credit or conside ration ean one enjoy who is exposed to the posefbility of the representatives of a foreign power mitring him to his face, "'fou bats lei to me, and you have then thought to justify the lie by the most despicable subterfuges of language ?" And yet it re expected that Punee should allow rainier.,ors of this kind. Flaarsat aa the shame is, is is expected that our patriotism should defend it, and not throw it with contempt open him who has committed the fault. Whet! shall our country become the accomplice of persons without courage, without good Guth, who disavow their own words, and who, being convicted, take refuge in base subterfuge. A fine patriotism that which would lead us to acknowledge such ministers as the interpreters of our' ' thoughts, our morals, and our language ! A fine way to I I render France respected and honoured by the world ! After all this, M. Ouizot may remain minister, may even still be called the minister of tke reign—we grant it. Our opinion I I upon the men and the mustang of the day will be only the more strongly confirmed,—but if there is anything unworthy of the name that we all bear, it is that a unanimous cry should not be raised by the press to reprove and condemn proceed ings which must assuredly excite throughout all Europe one coneentient feeling of contempt !" The popular commotion throughout the depart ments, by which the circulation of grain is obstructed, still czntanue to prevail. The waggons are seized and the contents offered for sale at such prices as the popu lace choose to name, and even this price is often not received by the proprietors. The gendarmerie have interfered in many cases without effect. The depart ments of Findstere, Cotes du Nord, Morbihan, Vendee, and in general the centre and wed of France, are the chief theatres of these disturbances. It would be tedious to enumerate particular cases, the circum stances being nearly the same in all. In addition to the law just passed to encourage the importation of grain, a royal ordonnance has been published upon the report of the Minister of Agricul ture and Commerce, submitting . to the highest rate of duties the exportation of maize and buck-wheat, and the flour produced from them respectively. The amount of theme duties will operate as a prohibition ; that of maize is 134 f. p. hectolitre, and that of the flour produced from it 334 f., and the duty on the exportation of buck-wheat will be 11L 20c., and that on its flour 28f. In ordinary years the exportation of these cereals is insignificant, but the recent demand for Indian corn and its flour in the southern markets for exportation to Ireland has been so consi derable that government has been induced to check it by the present measures. The entire amount of maize annually produced in France does not exceed eight million hectolitres, and that of buckwheat nine mil lions. These provisions have been usually imported into France from the Levant, tha mean annual amount of importation being 20,000 hectolitres. Oa the 24th inst., 39 ships laden with grain arrived at Marseilles, chiefly from the ports of the Black Sea and the Dardanelles, bringing 132,621 hectolitres, equivalent to 46,411 quarters of grain, besides 3,540 barrels of flour. In the week ending 24th January, the total amouat of grain imported at Marseilles was 628,036 hectolitres, equivalent to 219,800 quarters. A meeting of the proprietors of the Bank of France was held on Thursday, at which a report was read upon the business of the establishment fee 1846. It that notwithstanding the specie obtained from n gland the stock at present in the bank cellars is only 84 millions. Some further measures for the augmentation of its reserve of specie are in contem plation, and a meeting for the discussion of that ques tion will be held on Thursday next. The Paris journals contradict each other respect* the name to be given to the new planet. It was, we believe, originally proposed by M. Leverrier to call it Neptune, but subsequently M. Argo proposed for it the name Levemer. Objections to this principle of nomenclature subsequently proceeded from several of the great observatories of Europe, and it was lately announced in several of the Paris journals that it had been agreed to among the principal observatories that it should be called Neptune, and designated by the sign of a trident. This, however, is now contradicted, si n r : l3 et T ecl vi w th h a i l c u h 8 r i j : 3' 61%7 L 6 suppression has produced on public opinion throughout Europe, has influenced the policy of French diplomacy in the stirs of Switzerland. It is stated by the Consti estionisel that it had been previously agreed that the ratenneing note sent to the Swim Vorort by the three powers would be, at least, tacitly supported by the ',presentative of France. Foreseeing the approach ing rupture with England when the scheme of the Madrid marriages should be developed, it was hoped to take refuge in another entente me diate, the price of which was to be the sacri fice of the liberal cause in Switzerland. But the northern courts preferred to avail themselves of the marriage, and its coneequesess to extinguish Polish natiosielly. From that lament the French government, coerced by public aphis% wee tweed to renounce farther co-operation with the anthem powers. But not daring to act agaimit them, nor yet with them, it has assumed that . ambiguotte position which is only a transparent diegmes hr its impotence. It has not officially declared its adherence to the dip lomatic note of the three powers to the Vorort, but it had communicated to the representatives of these powers that it shared their views with regard to the confederation. It now appears, however, that another change has taken place ; and if we are to trust a cor respondent of the Constitutionnel, the representative of France has assured the president of the federal directory that the French cabinet entertains towards the federal government the most favourable senti ments. This move towards liberalism is ascribed to the strong diaapprobation manifested by England respecting the proceeding of the three courts, and to the attitude assumed by the English Chargé d'Affaires at Berne. AA to our government s tr ly: r7 /..is Constitutiotinal), it heal tatos between two con • courses. It seems to address fruitless prayers for alliances which it swishes to form, but which are refused to it. Its equivocations in conduct rival its equivocation. in words, by which it seeks in vain to escape, by a juggle, difficulties which it can not overcome. The Madrid mails, bringing letters and journals to the 23rd, arrived in Paris late on Friday afternoon, but their contents are deprived of all interest by the communication received by government on Thursday evening, by telegraph, to the effect that the Duke of . Botomager, having failed to form a cabinet, had resigned his commission into the hands of the Queen, who had entrusted M. Castro y Orme° with the formation of a cabinet. This deputy, having been elected President of the Chamber,would not himself resign that post for the head of the cabinet, and waa un derstood to have selected the Marquis de Miraflores as president of the counciL A cabinet was designed to be formed of equal numbers of members taken from the friends of M. Pacheco and M. Bravo Murillo, but the great difficulty, after all, would rest with M. Mon. The abilities shown by this statesman in the depart ment of Finances are such as to render his retention of that portfolio of vital importance. It was said, however, that the difficulties thrown in the way by him prooeeded from his ambition to become the head of the cabinet. It is said that the cabinet would beAli composed: Foreign Affairs, M. de Cara Ingo; Interior, M. Arteta ; Justice, M. Bravo Murillo ; Marine, M. Sotelo ; the Finance will be held ad interim by M. Sierra y Mon, in the hope that M. Mon will accept it. M. Seizes Lozano has been elected vice-president of the Chamber of Deputies. FRANCE.--THE MISnING NOTE ON THE MAR RIAGE QUZBTION.--A correspondent says, I 'Mum you as • fact that the celebrated missing note, of the 27th Feb., was only shown by M. de St. Antall.. to Lord Aberdeen. It was not sent to the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, ac cording to the usual custom, and no copy of it was per mitted to be taken. I believe that the contents of it were communicated by Lord Aberdeen to Sir Robert Peel, but it is certain that no other member of the cabinet was apprised of it, and our minister at Madrid was kept in ignorance of it. It is hardly credible that our foreign secretary should have carried we Antis and compliance to such an extent, or that Sir R. Peel should. in the midst of his great embarrassments, have s3ught to escape from temporary trouble by such ne glect of duty. Yet so it certainly was. You can now have no difficulty In understanding why no record of so important note should have been found in the Foreign-office by Lord Palmerston. The note or memorandum above alluded to was read by M. do St. Aulair; to Lord Aberdeen, in March, 1846. Lord Palmerston masr heard of it till after both marriages were settled. Ir. May, 1846, Queen Christina wrote to the Duke of Cohourg, at Lisbon, making an over ture to hint for the marriage of the Queen of Spain with the Print* Royal. This was communicated immediately by Lord Aberdeen to Guisot, who tither wan very angry or affected great indignation. But you may depend on the feet that the French ambamador, IBreseon, at Madrid, did actually threaten the march of a French army into Spain, with Don Carlos at its head. his impossible to say whether Onizot gate countenance to this vt,lent menace or whether the ambassador's language was dictated only by the king, LIBERATION OF MADAME LAP', ‘. ROE.—The French correspondent of the Anise announces that this criminal, concerning wham so intense and factitious an interest ham been kept up, in uncut to be liberated. " The fact of her enlargement," he sap, " appears Pertain, and the anticipa- THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EITNING, FEBRUARY .1, 1847. non has given rise to almost as much excitement as the hi.- I tory of her crime did upon the occasion of. her trial." It seems that the matrimony-agent through whom she was introduced to her unfortunate husband, instead of shrinking abashed from the notoriety which the ill-snorted union lumen open him, boasts of it to this very hour; and his advertinments are lengthened by his efforts to bring it tothe public memory. Moreover, on Tuesday last, there appeared m all the Paris papers an announcement from a rival establishment (that of Madame St. Marc) setting forth that sh. has to dispose of " a young Region orphan, heirs-,to a splendid fortune'" ITALY.—A letter from Rome, of the 18th tilt., says that the new system introduced b y: the l'ope into the administration of justice in his states, has caused universal satisfaction. The selection of the members of the courts of justice has also received the public approbation. The Ad vocate Moraudi, who has been appointed head of the Tea:m aul del Govern, is a most learned man in criminal proceed ings, and esteemed as a man of a firm and upright character. ANCONA.—By • government despatch received Jaa.l9 front Rome, all e barkation of wheat or Indian corn is suspended in this Porto Franco. The merchants bad an interview this morning with the pro-delegate, and also with the consul, upon this illegal and most arbitrary measure. The pro-delegate said that the neighbouring cities of Oeimo and Jesi, from which Ancona principally draws its supplies, having refused any longer to permit grain to leave the town, he was compelled to provide for the wants of the inhabitants out of the Porto Prince); and until the quantity auSfient for their consumption till neat harvest was secured, the pro hibition would remain. His orders, he said, were impels. tire, and for the present he could nut allow even commenced cargoes to be completed. Hopes arc entertained that the new delegate will remedy this serious evil. He is expected here in a day or two; in the meantime meetings of the mew. chants and of the Chamber of Commerce have taken place, and strong remonstrances will be sent to Rome by both bodies against this unexpected violation of our Porto Franca. —Private Leiter. HOLLAND.—ANWIERDAIII, JAN. 29.—The internal waters of Holland are now open again to navigation. The Lisp Reintje, the Eendragt, and the Onderneming hale arrived at Texel from London. 470 of the chief firms of this country, which are connected with the corn trade, have forwarded an address to the king, recommending a repeal, or at least a modification, of the corn-law of December, 1835. GERMANY.— Tag CONSTITUTION.—BERLIN, JAN. 18.—The following are all the hints we have been able to gather of the long-expected constitution. The several states (Lowistande) as. to be collected into one chamber; bat as to the number of members, reports are various. The former minister, Coent Arnim, is named as the We can my little of the privileges of the hut it seems that its general duty will be merely halo rative, and that its votes will be demanded only on weds occasions, such as the granting of loans and taxes. The orders of aristocracy, citizens and countrymen, will be repro. tented in the Chamber, so that the latter two orders will about balance the former one. Though the extension of municipal privileges is slight, yet it will he hailed with as a first step toward a Prussian constitution. A master is to be chosen for the order of St. John, in the those of the late Prince Henry. Whether this office will be salaried or not, remains uncertain.—Aligestrine Zeitung. The prisons of Berlin are so crowded, says a Frankfort journal, that the central prison, °simulated ler the confinement of 500, has 600 in it ; and it has became seem sary to appropriate part of the debtors' prison to the limersee ration of criminals. The present number of police-odkom is found insufficient for the maintenance of order in the and therefore it is in contemplation to forma burgher of 1,400 men. The news of the advance of Austrian troops to the frontier of the canton of Tessin seems to be com bated. A letter from Tessin, of the 22d, announces the errivalof someaides-decamp and commissaries, and adds that troops are likewise to be concentrated on the Sardinian fron tier. Austria has shown great dissatisfaction at the pam phlets published on Italy. Any prohibited work is not al lowed to pass through the country. Austria seems sedan touring to extend her protectorate over the minor Mates of Italy, but her efforts will be fruitless, as prohibited bath always manage to find their way in. The mills of the Seehandlung (the great ocameer cial company of Prussia) are &instantly at work for Zee land. The Seehandhutit has entered into contracts with that kingdom for the delivery of certain quantities of corn and those contracts (notwithstanding the distressed state of this country) must be fulfilled. The above company ban however, purchased large quantities of rice, which it has forwarded to Silesia, where great distress prevails.—Alipe- IMMO ZtltiV. The Hamburg Correspondent of the 23rd January elves a report that hi. de Daschkow, the Russian contra ption' at Bucharest, has been !suddenly recalled to St. Pe =, where they are dissatisfied, or pretend to be ed, with the line of *induct he has pursued of late. The Danube principalities are in an unsettled state, and a storm is brewing wWth. may soon spread over the political horizon of Europe. According to the Bocrsen-halle . of 23rd Jan., the Emperor of Russia has signified his displeasure to the nobles of the provinces of the Baltic, for having raised complaints against the infringements made on their privileges, their re ligion, and their nationality. He signified to them that subjects had no business to speak of rights when it was their duty to obey unconditionally th e orders of their lovereige. At the same time the emperor enumerated the many admit tages he had accorded to the Baltic provinces, especially to the nobles. He concluded by requesting them to turn • deaf ear to the insinuations of Germany, and promises le examine into the cause of their complaints. A letter from Kiel (Holstein) states that MM. Hansen, civil engineer, and Volcker', insnector of forests, have succeeded in inventing a steam-engine, which, they state, will not consume more than the eighth part of the feel usually required. FRANKFORT, JILL 26.—The exportation of English cotton ya rn to Germany amounted in the course of last year to the begi nning of December to 100,000 cwt. ; an illatlBll of more t han one-fifth, compared with the year 1846. For this increase Germany alone has paid 3,600,000 dollars. On the whole, Germany pays annually to England 16,000,000 dollars for cotton yarn, In the course of December besides, on account of the approaching, but nut considerable, increase of the import duties, immense quantities of twist have been imported from England into the states of the Zollverein. We find the following in a Swiss journal of the 27th Dec., under the bead of Mannheim A few doyens who is unknown took his seat in a wimp' of the =with a ticket for Carlsruhe. An instant itiwards three other well-dressed persons entered the same carriage. They strangled the person who got in first, and, having ribbed him, got out of the carriage at Heidelberg and went away. When the train stopped at Carlsruhe the crime was disarmed. The murdered man was in the corner of the euriage apparently asleep, with his hat forced down upon his ice. When it was attempted to wake him he was dead. CRACOW, JAN. 22.—The Russian troops on the borders of this town have received an increase of num bers. A few days ago, it was joined by a considerable num ber of Cie:simians frtim Warsaw. The territory of this ex free state will be incorporated with the Austrian line of cus toms on the 29th inst.—AUgerneirse Zeittusg. Tyssowski, the ex-dictator of Cracow, passed through Vienna on the 21st ult. under escort on his way to Trieste, where he is to embark for America. A question having arisen in the Extraordinary Diet of Saxony, which has just assembled, as to whether the Diet can legally dis cuss other measure* than those for which it was specially convened by the government, the king has addressed a royal message to the first chamber, *Web was read in the sitting of the 22nd, recommending that no other measures than these submitted by the government may be discussed, except in MIS of great urgent MOLDAVIA.— oDnnta of disturbances have reached us from Ga'acz. Some Jews have been murdered in the streets, their synagogue pulled down, and other outrages committed. I it had not been for the timely interference of the English and Austrian consuls, it might have led to wind serious consequences. For two days no Jew could leave his house without iisking his life. SWEDEN.—FREE-TRADE IN SWEDEN.—A royal ordonnance according full and entire freedom of trade is under press at the royal printing office at Stockholm, but bu not yet been published. This ordonnance is to the effect : 1. That all persons are free to follow any branch of trade or commerce they may think fit, th e same not being prohibited by the laws. 2. That any individual may establish work shops and keep workmen without having himself previously served as an apprentice to the trade, but before placing hi./. self at the head of a manufactory he must give proofs of his aptitude before a commission appointed by the minister of commerce. 3. That all trade societies (corporations) such./ these of the grocer', the bonnet-makers, the clothiers, de., are and remain abolished, and every one is free to follow every branch of trade that he likes. The four silver mines in Sweden, namely, those at Gustavus 111. and of Levfd, in the province of Store Hop pariberg. and those of Hellefous and Guldmiid Flytte, in the pnerince of Verebro, produced last year silver to the amount of 156,7701. RUSSlA.LAccording to advioes from St. Peters burgh, Lord Palmerston i► said to have addressed the question to the Russian cabinet. bow far he was to credit the report of the speedy incorporation of Poland to the Russian empire. The Russian cabinet is said to have made a formal reply, that no such proket woo entertained. A letter from Trebisond, of the 26th Dec., states that accounts had been received there from Persia, stating that the cholera had disappeared, except at Ormiah, but fears were entertained that it would make its appearance again in several places in the spring. It was reported that the plague bad broken out on the frontiers of Persia, and great uneasiness was felt at Trebisond, as proper me►sures of precaution had not been taken to prevent its crooning the frontier. MEXICO.—LATEST FROM TAMPIOO.—The Lirer pool Journal is indebted to a mercantile house for the fol lowing extract of a private letter, dated " Tampico, Dec. 14, 1846,—Y0l hare already been advised of our communica tion with the interior being limited to mercantile corres pondence, entrusted to private cionve once, PO that beyond floating reports, to which inch individual gives hia own pro portion of credence, we are in perfect ignorance of the mili tary morem•nts of the Mexicans ; it in, however, whispered that a forces being collected to attack the present garrison of the place, weak in point of men, hut rtrong in artillery. The Americans have cortainly invited attack by their fool hardy occupation of thin place with a force of 1,000 men, the, approaelien to which would rt quire at haat three times that number to defend it against a vigilant or well-organinvd ene my. As, however, these arc s irtue. in which the Mexicans are eminently deficient, it in to be hoped, for the security of the town and its peaceful inhabitants, that no demonstration will he made against it before the garrison has been suffi ciently reinforced. In the meantime we are inundated with cargoes of provisions of all sorts, and manta in currently re tailing at sixpence per era. Cheap bread has swamped the place of the corn-cake. The spirit shops will be 'closed to morrow sgaiest the issue of spirits, and find it already impo.sible to compete in the sale of comestibles, and with the swarms of pedlars who have opened their retail shop.. Ge neral husinees is completely at a stand-Mill, accompanied by the dulnees and fitful nervousness consequent on sweeping revolution and an ignorance of the future. A small amount of American tr, saucy bills has been plead at par; the parties would have sold at 20a. discount, but the agent of Rothsclaid gave the exchange indicated." DUMAS AND THE PARISIAN PRESS. ()n Friday, at the Tribute de la Seine, the Paris papers, Le Conetihsfionnel and La Prose, preferred their charge against M. Alexandre Dumas and the proprietors of certain Parisian journals. M. Alexandre Dumas was charged with having broken his engagement with the two above-named journah in the year 184.5, and for not having written any one of the works he prunsited to write for 1846. The damages demanded were 50,000 francs. At an early hour a large crowd was mumbled, it having been announced that the " illustrious" author of " Monte Cristo" would plead his own catue ; and the doors were scarcely thrown open, when every corner of the house was filled. For two hours and a half the impatient audience had to listen to an uninteresting ease which was going on, and their impatience was in nowise allayed by the non-ap pearance of M. Dumas. It began already to be rumoured that he would not appear, when he was ushered in by the huimier by a private door. He was at once recognised by his dark complexion, and his being extremely over-dressed. The first outburst of satisfaction at has appearance having sub sided, a deep silence prevailed. M. Alex. Dumas pleaded his own cause, in • style marked rather by eloquence than by modesty, as follows : " Gentlemen, I desired to plead my cause in person, because the circumstance which brings me before you is not an affair of man to man, or interest against interest, but rather a sort of duel between honour and honour. I regret not seeing here M. Vireo (of the Corutitutionnel) and M. Girardin (Presse), for I be obliged to fire in the air, and the ball, instead of essleing them, will fall at their feet." M. Dimes then read the double agreement entered into between MM. Wilton, Girardin, and himself, and re marked that although that agreement was a conditional one, the Consfitutionnel and La Press. announced on the following day, that" M. DUMB, being free from his engagements on the death of Pd. Dnjarrier, had entered into an agreement with them to write exclusively for them for the term of five yeasts." " That was not true," said M. Dumas, "as I still , bad to publish about eighty volumes on previous agree ments, making altogether 226,000 lines, • number which the Academy, if they were called upon to produce an equal number in two years (and they ere forty), would find no easy task to accomplish. I am accused of not having pro vided M. Wren with four volumes on the Ist of July, and four others on the 15th of December i but owing to a clause in that agreement, the agreement awl( was subordi nate to the annulling of the previous agreement with M. Dujarrier. Until then M. Veron could demand nothing of me, and on the other hand I could not fulfil in December an engagement which was only confirmed on the Ist Jan. I herefore to fulfil my previous engagements, and I did what I may say no man ever did before me, or will do here after, I began the publication of five different novels in five different papers at the same time, and completed them ; advertence are these to say if it was not all in my own hand writing. On the 15th August, M. Vim called upon me, and mid, " My dear Dumas, we have been unlucky enough to publish a feuilleton likely to renew the glorious days of desabonnemna to the Conasagionnel ; we have still eight days of it left, but if we do not then give the public an inte resting amusing novel such as you write (these are his own geode) it is all up with us. We must have it this day week.' ' Eight days is quite sufficient,' I replied—(laughter)— 'when a man is idle, but not so when a man has five teuille tons in hand.' And I was at that moment publishing five feuilletons in five different journals. Three horses, three ser vants, and the railway, scarcely sufficed to bring me the proof sheets. At 2 a.m. my servants were on the route to St. Ger. mein. I nevertheless agreed to do it, and on the de,' appointed, Aug. 27, he received the first volume." M. Alex. Dumas then explained that while the Coastitutionnet and the Presse announced that he worked exclusively for them, tho Sleds, the Dibale, the Palrie, and the Commerce an nounced the publication of fenilletons from him to which they were d'ily entitled. He stated that all the advance he had received from M. Girardin was 454 francs, and that he had to pay him (M. Dumas) 157,000 francs within three yews. M. flumes remarked that at the time of his departure for Spain he had published 48 volumes in 18 months. He was tired, be said—many would have been tired mush sooner —and was obliged to procure a certificate from his medical adviser to pacify M. Oirardin, Shall I allude, said M. Dumas, in conclusion, to the pecuniary sacrifices I have made to remain on good terms with MM. Veron and Girardin ? Shall I spade of " Fabien " burnt, and the volumes I bought off at an expense of 44,000 francs From those gentlemen I received 26,000 or 27,000 francs, and they now ask 60,000 francs damages, so that after having already disbursed 44,000 fr., I should still have to pay 33,000 more. This might astonish people if it was not known that the persons I am at law with are, one the inven tor of the piite de Regnauld, and the other the founder of the Music des Famillee (sensation in the court). Those gentlemen pretend that at my villa at St. Germain I re mained idle. I wrote there eight volumes of " Bahama." At the same time, I was occupied with representations of Shak speare and Dimas in the Theatre of St. Germain; but I do not think I can be reproached for that, specially as I gave them 27,000 lines in two months. As regards my journey to Spain, I never solicited a mission ; the Duke of Mont penaier, gni a onetime: domes pour mei, said to me as his brother had said formerly, " Come to my marriage, I wish you to be present eta national fete." M. de Salvandy then asked me if I could leave for Spain and Algeria, and I replied that it wet the very thing for me, as I required repose. ' You will then go to Spain,' said the minister, ' and to Algeria, • country not much known, especially to err deputies, who speak about it every day • ithout knowing anything at all about it.' (Laughter.) I left for Spain as a guest, and was the only Frenchman Present at the private marriage. It was then I received the grand cordon of Charles 111., which was given not to the literary man, but to the man—to me, Alexandre Dumas, Marquis Dloy de la Pailleterie, and friend of the Duke of Montpensier. (Sensation in court.) I thence went to Tunis, where the Bey was absent, but I was honourably received by his brother, who received me as a French envoy, and conferred upon me the order of Niehan. I did not love my time, but collected during my stay such valuable documents, that in four days, if I liked, I could pi.blish an entire work. In seder to reach Tunis, the French government bad placed at my disposal the steamer Veloce, of 220 hone-power; it was for the use of myself and the Bey of Tunis alone. Stich favours are only granted to princes and friends. We were close to the African coast when I learnt (speaking with a sort of inspiration) that our prisoners might be liberated by a prompt intervention on my part. Twelve lives were to be saved—twelve lives which were every moment in danger of falling by the knife: amongst these were brave officers, and a woman, the sole remnant of the unfortunate captives who escaped the massacre of Sidi Brahim. It was I, who, with the Veloce under my orders, saved Captain Cognard and his brave comrades, and brought them to Melina, where 3,000 persons offered me a banquet, the reminiscence of which is sufficient to repay me for any injuries I may have received here. lam now, forsooth, inked for 50,000 (ranee damages for having been idle—whilst I—yes, I—saved from the sword of the enemy the lives of twelve of my courtesy men ! I took six persons in my suite, who represented the art of painting, as I myself represented the art of literature. To defray my expenses, I was obliged to sell railway shares to the amount of 50,000 franca, on which I lost 7,000 francs, and I spent 21,000 francs of my own money. The 10,000 frames credit were only to be touched on my arrival at Algiers. I spent 11,000 francs ; but the day after my return I returned 1,000 francs to the minister. Such, gen tlemen, is the true statement of facts." The case is adjourned till next week. A large crowd was collected outside to see M. Dumas come out; and they ac companied him to the Rue Barillerie, where • magnificent Arab charger, with gold trappings, was welting for him. 'alb! Coup. WINDSOR, SUNDAY.—Yesterday morning the Queen and Prince Albert walked in the Blom end grounds around the Castle. Their RR. HH. the Prince of Wales, Prince Alfred, the Princess Royal, and the Princess Alice took their accustomed walking and pony exercise. H.R.H. the Princes Helena was also taken for an airing yesterday. H.R.H. Prince Albert, accompanied by Count Alex. Mensdorff, and attended by Lord Camoys, Hon. Col. Phipps, and Col. Seymour, enjoyed the sport of shooting yesterday morning. The Earl of Liverpool, Lord J. Russell, and Sir H. and Lady Seymour arrived at the Castle yesterday on a visit the Queen. Thiemorning her Majesty and her Royal Consort took their usual early walk. The Royal Family took walk ing exercise in the grounds adjacent to the Castle. The Queen and Prince Albert, the ladies and gen tlemen of the Court, and the domestic household attended divine service this morning in the private chapel of the Castle. The Hon. and Rev. C. Leslie Courtenay officiated. IL R.H. the Duchess of Kent also attended the service. The Duke of Cambridge visited H.R.H. the Duchess of Gloucester yesterday at Gloucester House. :PRESENT FROM THE KING OP PRUSSIA TO HIS Rbesh HIOHNRSS THE Paine. OF WALES.—His Majesty the King of Prussia has had manufactured a shield destined a a present to his godson, H.R.H. the Prince of Wales. T is superb Nadeau is now exhibited to the public in one o the royal museums at Berlin, previous to its being for- rded to England. The shield vof silver, and covered wth bas reliefs from nrsdels by the renowned Fischer. In t centre stands prominent the Saviour's head in gold, ring on • cross, around which are four female figures, re , p eating Faith, Charity, Hope, and Justice. The other is divided into compartments inlaid with precious stones, the compartments containing subjects from the Old and New Thtantent. This magnificent piece of workman. ship bears the following inscription :—" Fredericus Guile-- mus lit x Bores: won= Alberto Eduardo Prineipi Waling, in memoriam diei Capt. XXV. M. Jan., A.M. DCCCXXII." • A cabinet council was held on Saturday afternoon at the Foreign•office. It was attended by Lord J. Russell, 'lie Lord Chancellor, the Marquis of Lansdowne, Sir G. Grey Viscount Palmenton, Earl Grey, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Earl of Auckland, Sir J. Hohhouse, Lord Campbell, Viscount Morpeth, the Marquis of Clacri card..., the Earl of Clarendon, the Right lion. 'l'. B. Macau lay, and the Right Hon. H. Labouchere. The council tad two hours and a half. I.ord J. Russell left town after the council for Wirkawr Cattle. Mr. Labouchere let. town after the council for Brighton. Count St. Aulaire, the French ambassador, and Moon de Cato, the Bavarian minister, transacted business at the Foreign-office on Saturday. Mr. Oswald, M.P., and the Hon. Mr. Bout erie had ' an interview with the Chancellor of the Exchequer on Sa. turday, at his official residence in Downing-street. The Registrar General had an interview with the Right Hon. T. M. Gibson on Saturday, at the office of the Board of Trade. Mr, Buckingham had an interview with the Earl of Clarendon on Saturday, at the Board of Trade. Lord J. Russell will have a parliamentary dinner party on Saturday neat, Feb. 6, at his residence in Cheatham- Pl ace - „ THE main HON. THE SPEAKER OF TIIE HOUSE or COMMONS had his first parliamentary dinner this session on Saturday last, at hi mansion in Eaton-square. VISCOUNT AND VISCOUNTESS PALAIERSTO7i enter tained his Excellency the Russian Minister and Baroness Brunow, the Marquis Villa Franca, the Marquis and Mar chioness of Clanrirarde and Lady Emily De Burgh, Lord and Lady Beauvais, the Hoe. Spencer Ponsonby, Mr. Har court, and a select party, to dinner last evening, at their re sidence in Carlton-gardens. The Earl and Countess of Mints and family arrived at their new residence, in Eaton-square, on Saturday. The Duke of Wellington attended the early terries yesterday in the Chapel Royal, St. James's. Lord Howden left. London for Paris on Friday evening. The object of his lordship's visit to the French metropolis is to receive the final assent of the cabinet of the Tußleries to the modifications which may be necessary to terminate, satisfactorily to all parties, the hostilities on the River Plate. Lord flowden's depart ure for South America, as British minister at the court of Brazil, was deemed a fitting opportunity for the two governments, acting in con cert, to arm him with powers and instructions to bring the quarrels of the belligerent republics to a peaceful adjustment. _ _ _ APPROACHING MARRIAGE IN HIGH LIFE.—WO kern that the nuptiah of Lady Eleanor Paget, eldest daugh ter of the Earl of Unbrido, and grandaughter of the Marquis of Anglesey, and Ur. Graham, eldest son of Sir Sandford Graham, Bart, are to be solemnised on Thursday _ MIDDLE TEMPLE.--The following gentlemen wets called to the degree of the utter bar on Friday, and pub lished in the Middle Temple Hall on Saturday evening T. Sier, A. 8., T. S. Badger, A.B. J. W. Bittleeton, G. C. de Trafford, B. Cutle, D. Barton, A. 8., W. J. [beat, W. H. Stewart, C. W. Richmond, .1. J. Cahalan, C. W. Dare, P. Stewart, J. Smith, J. H. P. Leresche, A. Jenkin, M. L1o!d, T. Oldfield, and C. 0. Snow. MARYLEBONE VI-876Y. —'raz REGENT'S CANAL RAILW4Y.—At the Marylebone vestry, on Saturday, the committee appointed to oppose the formation of this railway brought up their report, by which it wu stated that the property in Marylcbone to be tunnelled under and removed would amount to 3,8891., and the rental of the property im mediately affected by the that railway amounted to 6,400/., besides the injury that would be done to the chapel in Aberdeen-place. The report also contained a statement that a deputation, consisting of crown tenants and others, .jtaited upon the Right Hon. Lord Morpeth, and his lord ship, after hearing the various complaints, informed the de putation that he would consider the application, both legally and morally , and then decide upon the principles of justice. The follow ing communication was read from Mr. Edwin lAndater: Myl„,;rds and Gentlemen—l:Laving been Informed that the pro. jetted railway front Eustonaquare to Paddington has claim. d your attention, I beg respectfully to represent to you the injury which I am likely to swalain if such project should be carried into effect. Me house in whim& I reside was built by myself at a great extareet, and rmy peollankral pursuits require sn.l and other aceoinamods. tins vat I • tome with in ordinary houses, no compensation with& a be likely to give would be an equirslent he the ITee th ribeelleha be the event of a railway, or any other norms sr Mega the Nelgthrewhood. I *elected this locaUe teestje c V m eetirement which it sad shish b et peat According to the plea ere. I negratead weft et a tunnel will he at et mg RA" ow dial he amatinually annoyed hy the miss et Or wegine ead retheey wroth_ , beanies rang at wry green end a New Waft the bay a on l Y dam premisa I hay Met Oda wield dime tee to leave the be welsh ease I be whir de neoessity el balks south eiselltor been, sa eslertekthe Ala would involve • ney gnat awn, as well as a eider weedlhe el time. ely brotbse,l/z.Tlmmes Ineasee, who relies M ham-place, will she he asrpdleg le leer he prandese, as rid% has built a Audio at a corldwahle apnea as the want it tamale:bed, will pre meet his Men, which it theretwethe his lethal; rein rem my owe, make We ap a ral li n vestry in support of the writhe to the proposed rdlway.—l ham the honour to be, my leads rod gentlemen, your obedient Male servant,—E. LANOSIZIL Atter a few word. from Sir P. Laurie and other., the report was put and carried. MORE DELAY IN OPENING THE. NEW Houas or Loans.—lt would appear, front the ittlieneum, that the new Houses of Parliament are, in truth, being built for pos. terity ; foe the present generation of senators will not, it appear, have much opportunity of benefining by their use. Tbe hope so confidently held out that the peen should as ' seeable in their new chamber for the parliamentary business of 1847 has been, like all former anticipations of the like kind, disappointed. The Commissioners of Woods and Forests have just issued a report, showing the condition of the whole of the works at the new legislative palace on the 30th of last June; and Mr. Barry's report to then pelves, in which he states that, the joiners' work of the librane., committee rooms, refreshment-rooms, and corridors of access thereto, of the Houses of Lords and Commons are, for the meet part, prepared ; but the fixing of those finish ing., and the preparations of the joinen' work for other por tions of the building, cannot with propriety be proceeded with until a decision is come to in respect of difficulties con nected with warming and ventilating arrangements. MONEY ORDER OPPICE.—On Saturday, a notion was given that the extensive building erected in Alders t, which the entire of the memprenier ldepartment to of the General Post-office will be treneihred. is to open for business on the let March. A NEW CLUB.—Some gentlemen belonging le the East India Company's service, while at the Cape d Good Hope, projected a new club in London, be Ile called the " United East India Service Club." All other bodies have their respective clubs, and it is thought that es large a body as the Indian government servants should have theirs also. The club is to be very reeaonable as to fees, ea it is expected that the number of the subscribers will belays,. It is to consist of all the covenanted and military pervants of all the presidencies, and is intended to be not merely a con venient place of resort to iliac who require society, but to be a rallying-point for Indian interests. DEMOLITION OP UPPER ST. MARTIN'S-LANE.-011 Friday the whole of the Mathes on the net aide of Upper St. Martin's-lane, vested in the Mercer's Company, were being demoliehed for the formation of the new street from the west-end of Long Aere to be carried into King-street, Covent-garden, and ultimately extended to the point ofjuoc tion of Holborn , New and Old Oxford-streets, and Totten- —-- GREAT -- THE U Barren.—We have been favoured (says the Dinsdee Adret User) with the following excerpt of • letter from Mr. James Bremner, civil engineer, Wick, to a gentlentaa in this quarter . I la the Great Britain is the thew at Octant (laston, the sae sagke dinetear, who is o Wang hr Bakeird quarter with taw" sandal op. sod dui, mil bake, ex. It a. Mr. Bra wl% 1 0.:11.. 1 1 In Est son a Ito sibals; bet 1 bop there will be matte te e pc at Yr mil vim Input to ascaanoe orerations to zeise lac_ die kw Cm dB Boer of Ps solid rack, and tuns( up it a heword. Theo area llist et send &bore the rosk—ft ▪ 111 la OW wet be ulna 13 hat pepesdloolar Bak% pd and . Ikon Yr bawl pitied, handled, sal token prelate le Uwe. bet. tt pailllt. le M s. TM ored new Is her, whelk the water Is ewer, ad, wimake her slosson fully 300 tor weight, eie that yen co WIZ wtll be no joke. THE PACKET-SHIP COLUMBIA.—The crew of this vessel have not been arrested, The cabin was certainly robbed, after the captain had been lost, but the charge cannot be sufficiently brought home to any of the mew. When Capt. Cropper, with the police went on board, the men willingly subm itted to be searched, and nothing to criminate them was found. COOKING OVENS FOR TUE WORKING CLASSES.— It Must be laid down as a general axiom that our modem cities have grown up to an incommensurate size and popula tion ; but the Solon or Lycnrgus to legislate for (organise) these huge masses has not yet come. It may be stated, however, at once, that public cooking-ovens are but the ne cessary complements of public weshhouses ; as it stands to reason, that while the poor but industrious housewik is occupied in her cleansing avocations, the other parts of*. household must, necessarily, come to a stand-still; provided the above acc,unmodatien be not added thereto.—Builder. SELLING MACKAREL ON SUNDAY.—Yeaterdsy, a notice was posted at Billingsgate, signed by Mr. GoldhaM, the clerk of the market, informing the dealers that, by the 9 and 10 Vic., passed the 3rd of August, 1846, the sale of mackerel on Sunday was now illegal. RATES OF POSTAGE.—Sir,-1 was just going to employ government about a little job, for which they ask kurpenoe, and I found that by splitting it and giving them twice the trouble, they only ask threepence. I send a small parcel, weighing a little leas than an ounce, by the post, and a letter of explanation under a separate cover : postage twopence and one penny, making threepence. If the two had been put under one corer, the single packet would have cod fourpence. I have often heard-that in tusation two and two Jo not make four. Iwe now that two sod one make bar, provided twice the trouble is given I suppose that I have a right to make my creditors give twenty-five per cent discount, if I only oblige them to call twice for their money.—B. E. N. DE. LYON PLAYPAIR ON BEET-ROOT BREAD.-111 the Gardeners Chronicle, Dr Lyon Playfair publishes the following account of experiments he has made to test the relative economy of wheat and beet as materials for making bread. In the present dearth the caleulanians and opinion* of so eminent a chemist on this vital subject will be read with interest " The average quality of flour contains from 10 to 12 per cent, of audited principles adapted for the formation of flesh. The average quality of beet contains from li ti 2 per cent. of the name constituents. Let us assume 12 per cent. for wheat, and 2 per cent. or beet for our calculations. Now 1 stone (14 lbs.) of in hcat contains 1.681 b., and 1 stone of beet 0.231 b. of flesh.forming matter, from which the market vslue of all the material• fitted for the production of flesh may be calculated. A stone of wheat c 5..•., 2.. 10d., and -he same weight of beet, 2d. But the relative value of wheat to beet, as regards true nutrition, beiee 6 to 1, it follows, that 6 stooge of beet, coating Is., are equal to 1 stone of ti 'tar, coating 2s. 10d. In other words, the economic value of wheaten flour to the consumer, at pre., rat price', is 2.5 G times less than that of beet for the same amount el food. This, however, is only one elm , lit in the calculation, as there ax-' two functions in the animal economy which food has to perfl.7ca. One is, to preserve the parts t f the animal machine, a¢.l restore those which are WIWA d ; the other, to sustain the *.e..:peratuse necessary to keep it in action. The . . ..•