The Express. — London, England, 1852-07-27 00:00:00

ghe erprelso. TO t OIL It 168PON DINTS. • west NlAlea of " TL, Lwow, orolcusiact tao sow* ovoalocro couo,u," bo yabLobecl tool, Taralay Gael Friday elegy to biro kit VIOL oat. infested for "no F.apeooo,"Laa lea !Tools, pow. moot be at the fem. la. llortormoatroot. by Ton o'clock as tar day al 1110 R WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE Tsai Dat—Sasslay Mk. 27m. —.Alberaim. Ilk. 3s. Timissainr—norwag. Ilk. 41 a. ........aftmess. Os. LONDON, TUESDAY. JULY 27. At,TRALIA has decidedly risen in the emigration market since the discovery of its gold fields. Look in back on the emigration records of former years, it is clear that all the exertions of enthusiastic colo niser, to turn upon Australian shores • modicum of the stream of emigration flowing perennially from , this country to America had been a comparative failure. Australia was distant—to emigrate thither appeared a step that could not be retracted—in short, the sum total of emigration to the southern colonies bore a small proportion to the sum total of emigra tion to the United States and the Canadas. But the tales of " the digging." have set all the world agog ; and there is now such a squeezing and jostling to Set off to that El Dorado that the emigrants dis comforts begin before they quit their native shores. Now we have no wish whatever to damp this spirit of enterprise. In Australia there is more elbow mom than in this our crowded old country.; men can get on there with less of capital, with less of toil and heart-sickening hope-delay; we said so before the gold fields were discovered, and we say so still. But we would fain whisper in the ears of sanguine adven turers, that their prospects of attaining with compa rative ease in that remote region, to independence and attluenec, aro not materially increased by the discos cry of gold deposits there;_ and that they bud better nut make, as poor DICK WIIITTINGWN did, the gold too prominent and exclusive an object of their calculations for the future. Gold is doubtless a very pretty. commodity. And in a country where there is abundance of other ele ments of wealth to bo hail in exchange for it, pockets full of gold aro not to be despised. Bat they who set their hearts on gold, and gold alone, if placed in a position to acquire and store up as much of it as their hearts can desire, are extremely liable to realise the fable of Mthss—to starve among their stores of gold; and to deserve the ass's ears which sprouted out on the head of that sapient monarch whom the gods cursed by granting his prayer, that everything he touched might be turned to that pre 'dons metal. . _ The mania will in time cure itself, but at present the discovery of the gold-fields has set the wits of all Australia a woolgathering—in a much less profitable sense than they were before it was made. Some few years back the Aus tralians were rich in herds and flocks, with unlimited range of pasture whereon new stock. masters might rear as mans- sheep and cattle as they pleased. Wool, tallow, hides, and so forth, were produced in abundance to export in exchange for the necessaries, comforts, and luxuries which the manu factures of the mother country produce. Food was cheap and amply supplied ; wages were high; the small capitalist found easily a profitable investment ; the penniless labourer soon earned enough to convert him into a small capitalist ; the last relics of the state of society produced by convict transportation were disappearing; Australia was as comfortable a harbour of refuge as the pour man could desire. But since the gold fever has broken out, the ploughman has left his plough in the furrow, the herdsman has left his master's cattle and sheep un tended, the clerk has fled from his ledger with entries half-made, all settled industry is paralysed and disturbed, men of all classes are scraping for gold with pickaxe and shovel, exposing themselves to unwonted privations, now accumulating sudden wealth, now toiliug laboriously for nothing. No- madic hordes of gamblers are setting all their pros pects in life upon a chance in the gold regions. The confluence of the worst members of society, the rude, grasping habits acquired even by those of better dispoaitions, and the absence of a sufficient police, are rendering the Australian El Dorado any thing but a safe or comfortable residence for respect able members of society. We repeat that we insist upon these facts not to de ter intending emigrants from proceeding to Australia. This social disarrangement can only be temporary, and they who arc forewarned of it may turn it to profitable account. Owing to the seductions of the mining districts, the demand for labourers and clerks has become greater than ever in the more settled districts of Australia, and the remuneration for steady industry has proportionately aug mented. We would have emigrants keep this in view, and arrange their plans rather with a view to fill up the vacuum left by the gold-hunters, than to stake everything upon the chance of their being able topk id l as i 'Fadden wealth in •• the diggings." Fortunes • y made are apt to be rapidly spent. Ex traordinary luck is the lot in this world only of the few. The wealth that Is acquired more slowly by steady industry is more lasting, for the habits contracted in acquiring it enable men to retain and use it more wisely. There is a story we have somewhere read of a party of adventurers who were lured from Spain to the New World, when the tales of Comes and PIZARRO made it as attractive to Castilians as Cali fornia and Australia are sow to the Anglo-Norman race. As soon as they lavied all set elf u lt e rld• regimes with the ezeoptiss of sae, who, by the ism mad gibes 41 lb Mows, sooOt out a piss, of feet& gramd our the mot, and set to work to tall it, aslao nfight have dons an the plains of Estre 'lsadore. The gold-seekers penetrated into the Interior, and afteraolonged absence returned with rich store of gold, but worn and emaciated an with privations desperately hungry. Their obi (mend refused to impart of the produce of his farm except in return for their gold, and the prices he fixed upon his corn, flesh and wine were exorbitant; bat they wars starving, no other dealer in these ootninoditiss was nigh, and their pockets were soon emptied. We pus over details. The prudent tiller of the soil explained to his angry friends that his sole object had been to secure them from perishing with all their wealth, and teach them prac stalrtli the true use and value of gold. They then their acquisitioss in brotherly fashion, and returned all of them wealthy men to their native Spain. The moral of this story is one that our numerous Australian emigrants would do well to lay to heart. To those who regard the proapeets of English agriculture as gloomy, because the prios of wheat is low, we say—Look around. Where are the girl demean of &limit where are there any farmers giving op their Arras, except such as had long been notsikimgy impel& et managing them with advert bp was ts themeless ? The occupiers of land who bed little capital in proportion to the extent of their arms doubtless will be unable to go on with puma prism more especially as such farmers ever pissed an =dee Mimes ss their wheat amps for carrying as their Wiesen. and the pries of whist is now relatively lowerthotanynthsr sort etegeieeleerel c=malle. egele. piegipse at georehMee w low been delnisil _e to pay rent f r y had et which th ei r s by stocking it with wild missals hays repadured the profitable cultivation ispeeible—will see dinky that 22...wintimiL lease havesapital will do ea ken whlls saw% *been assay, perhaps, originally broadest, have boos imeased in feeding pare that their landlords night have a few battues yearly, will Ow up fuse necessity. And other peculiar and apseW mess am t be suggested. But what is this exalt fist way of the weak pert, of a =el: will As inevitable wa Men mad it a alzar d y cheag atats al thir ra t eisei the sanaby the pot Mllllll of the @oilskin& samaramity ra Armes and active; sedhilog deebtleee many attais dillsolties incident to a period of transition, bat meeting all difficulties by saw efforts and increased energy. 'rim it is that there are many large estates in this serif y on which, as on the Duke of Nu/- cur/LEV estate, the tenants " are content to vege tate en the land and really to do nothing more;" but in every instance of the sort, if tho causes which produced so disastrous a state of things be investi gated, it will be found to have been brought about by the mismanagement of the propriet or the fettered condition of their property from debts, in cumbrances, and entails. The tenants, let them he ever so poor and unimproving, are comparatively little to blame. Wherever the tesentAkrussnof Enw• land receive fair treutment, and are enabled to make rational and secure contracts for their farms, there is no lack of enterprise. Nor is any owner of land who will deal honestly and reasonably with his tenant., at any loss to obtain occupiers of his farms, willing and capable of farming them with profit to themselves and advantage to the proprietors. But four-fifths of the farms in England are, in their pre sent state, utterly unfit for the occupation of energe tic agricultural capitalists, unless they could take them for long terms of years, and at low rents, so as to justify considerable outlays in the permanent im provements which the landlords ought themselves to ' , make. Yet the landlords refuse to grant such Wises,' and have no means of their own to make the necessary improvements' consequently, • large portion of our agricultural land remains a national reproach. The only effective remedy would bo • stringent measure fur the relief of encumbered estates. And though these things arc well known to the more intelligent classes of landlonls and tenants, the majority of both resort to all kinds of mystification and hypothesis to account for their unprosperous condition, rather than to a frank and full examination of how far their want of prosperity is due to their own neglects and errors. _ . A stranger to the history of British agriculture during the last thirty years would be sorely puzzled amidst the mazes of conflicting statements and anomalous facts to understand what is the actual condition, or what are the future prospeefii, of the Fair fish farmer. For instance, when conversing, some time ago, with an intelligent farmer on existing low priors and the way in which the difficulties thereby im pos ed on farmers are to be overcome, we received the fresh admission that no general or permanent reduction of rents was to be expected, for, he said, " there are plenty of people ready to take farms I know a farm now to be let, which is in good condition, and for which there are fifty applicants." Five minutes afterwards a gentleman came up who is a landowner and occupier himself, and nearly related to many possessors of very extensive estates, and he too en tered at once upon the subject, on which, whenever two or three are gathered together in the rural districts, they invariably converse, —agricultural prices. His view was a gloomy one; he saw no hope for the farmer, and regarded the landlord's prospect as being not much brighter. "See,' said lie, " there are excellent farms of A—'s to let, which have been repeatedly advertised, and nobody offers even to treat for their occupation." This gentleman had just come from the property he referred to, and was loaded with the trophies of - sylvan sport in the formof large bundles of pheasants, hares, and other game. We pointed to the heap of game—of which he ad mitted a greet deal had been killed on the estate in question—reminded him that there are extensive woods on the estates, that the game was rigidly pro served and very abundant, and stated that farmers objected strongly to embark their capital on a game-preserved farm. With a look of astonishment he replied, " Why these farms are a long way from the woods, and there are no rabbits preserved on the farms; no one has ever objected to the farms on account of the game; 'tis the low price at which agricultural pro duce sells that must ruin both tenant and landlord. Yet we knew, and then stated, facts and circum stances which proved that tho game and other land lord•created burdens prevented the letting the farms in question. Here, then, in the same district, are two diametrically opposite views, both founded upon facts, and both deductions more or less true from the special facts of each case; and yet the general con clusions to be drawn from them, as to the actual state of English agriculture, cannot be reconciled. According to the one view, there is an active demand for agricultural land ; acc ording to the other, there arc excellent farms in the same district to be let at moderate rents, which are pressingly offered to the public without meeting with occupiers. How is this diversity, this apparent anomaly, to be ex plained ? The explanation is simple enough. In the one case, the farm was to bo let free from that sort of semi-feudal control the majority of our larger proprietors of land have hitherto been so fond of exercising over their tenants, and then there is found to be an active competition and most effective demand for the farm; in the other case—although one of the farms, as we happen to know, consists of very good land, has a most convenient homestead, and might form a capital occupation—the landlord has had it in hand for upwards of two years, and, notwithstanding he demands only a moderate rent, has been unable to procure a tenant, because he pre serves game imply, and the freedom and comfort of a tenant would Imo interfered with by keepers and game watchers prowling in all seasons and at all hone over his land; while his profit must be pre carious where swarms of wild animals (over which he is permitted no control) are battening on the produce raised by his own capital and industry. Moreover, the landlord has the reputation of interfering with his tenants, and seeking to dictate to them this or that mode of managing their firma The result is he has an excellent farm for which he can procure no tenants. And such obstacle' to agricultural mass are far more prevalent than most people are aware at Even the landowners who are themselves suffering from their own mismanagement, do not 'vs their error. They have been so accostomed to consider the reservation and exercise of certain seignorial rights as part and parcel of their property, that they cannot or will not perceive that it is their own ad herence to the habits of a Footage which prevents their property finding its value in the market. Hitherto farmers relying on the Corn-laws, and the muds of artificially enhanced prime those laws promised, have reluctantly submitted to game reservation' and the like, believing that with a moderate rata of they may pay their way. Now, however, tg e 4 dll be gin to understand, that with low pries" they most compel the land to yield its utmost fruits; they re quire for their live stock all the green mops their best exertion of skill and enterprise can grow, and they need every sheaf of corn the land as be ns& to bear to enable them to make both soda meet; and with theme requirements the quad Lail assuagement of many, perhaps of most, of the lar ge r p ro p r ietors, serioualy interferes. -- --- ATTEMPTED FILIMUCIDS ADD SUPPOSED BUICIDL —Between 1 and 2 ends* es Awnibey ansits the iambi , tante of the selebbesebeed of the y. ~..d, Oar benne, Wen lesessi hen Sisk Issas forked amid abersing orbs of Muer," eilish WINO heed tokens hest • bees. is Mayer Isallhees. Tbesseseenet. Mtls afterwards a ma, shiest is • stale el (beim *hest shoes sr awakes, asd eedy wedeln • seise hem the hum lead ran rapidly teemed. the okssly 110, lowed by soar el ha esighbikes see pike. wheel, hew. .ter, be saordeded is drew. tips ha penes ea=v e r tin bones they dimmed eyeeekg nes aced 21, lyiag apes the deli of be r g. . ,ritetl ieseseibie, sad sensusdod by • peg of hes Sewing meanly has bill Ilia S. Ikwer, mesas to Ifts P hello ei psis% was imeehatsky seat kw, sad be dkereersil that the kft ear was essely seessed has the bead, sad that there was • wand on the soup Or head, by which Sri of skill was laid dissallstaly here, sad enema lisedkesessie TM silk weird, idea , bet reldsetly bass !deleted with name them plied eseresesse, sea as a eke hail% was se less basks b bisetb. few sea reekke_ vie **he r prs se*ros, sad a few days /see a brelber, SAW Liialf wed only 19, inted has Asbert Tows, etas be hid bees seat abort II maths ekes as a pews sodessat. Os bedssr . = Whoa 19 edgily ais letter sp. Stem ce Wessels ; • violent sad Sieber& ikely thawing a half@ ie. =e r r the above dessibed .ad haseedieely fed. Troia ialleonstion given to the be wee seen on the blabs of Surrey Cunt, sal tea all holler trees be- I leg lid be Is supposed to be,. assuelesil oiliert bet not witheessiise the wader er db =poi In several beers, his hod_p hes sot yet bees MURDEROUS ASSAULT UPON A Winn.—A brutal rusk was essessitted et hairy sight lest Is hat wretched Gewp-street, elks's. Tim Wan 'bagel Obseshinst, vith the aeon b limiter ad Piney, who resided W wife soil ISMS dill= id Neu 2, fliurcb.lane, as/ eke is rejnesestail alike suss of very (makes and turreissere waft as eimitey be bed bees est drinking all the eflessese. Nil is ~him lame at halt pert eleven, he oesueesed abaft his 'der, who i• about 37 yeas. of age. Mar giving Sew • severe beads( with his 1.5, be knocked bee dews eel kicked her with Ibis Wavy boss sate she berme issessible. The messes of the Asides at last bees& Is the asiebbsurs awe the 'pollee. The peer wooer was earsise es • iftesteber= feisty bleed*, to the lialvereity Calker it was found that her Wasik were of • I =satase, sad were megrevetod by bee peselkr bee bona appisbendod, &IA the Wiens hen bees ber m es Se workhouse, for the ass lee ammed a Impales droaslor. THE EXPRESS, TUESD tY EVBNING, JULY 27, 1852 FRANCE. • k. to . . PARIS, MONDAY ZVINING, The Monitetcrlives us thi ► pcech of M. Casablanca, pronounced at cerenway of laying the feat stone [of the new Wing of the Loewe antiTuiliwies o The most remarkable passage in this speech Is that in which the Minister of State informs the world of the destination of the united palaces. It is as follows : The same building will comprise, together with the resi des., of the head of the state, three ministriee, the tele graphs, the national printing oMee, and an imposing mili tary fixes. This the most active, the most energetic means of government will be concentrated in the hands of him to whom France, by an ansuainimas vote, has confided her des tittles, and who, issessanUy watchful lot her repose and prosperity, will be enabled instentaasonsly to transmit the expression of the sivareign will even to the most distant provinces. Buell is the programme which he himself has dictated, and which an - able architect has already so hap pily designed for execution. Thus we find the temporary President of a Re public speaking, through the organ of the minister nearest to his person, the language of the most des potic monarch, and avowing that vast public works involving an immense outlay during many years, are to bo conducted with a view to afford himself per sonally the most energetic means of exercising abso fute power. Every act of Louis Napoleon is care bully calculated to ignore the fact that his legal posi tion is that of a chief magistrate elected for ten years only. But if any evidence of his settled intention to grasp the imperial sceptre were wanting, the terms of his proposed occupation of the old abode of royalty would go far to supply it. In his closet in the Tuileries, guarded by an " imposing force," dictating his orders to irresponsible ministers of war and police, printing under - hie own eyes such ver sions of public affairs as he may think fit to circulate, and aided in all by the miraculous electric telegraph, he will wield a more fearful amount of power than was ever before concentrated in the hands of man. Meanwhile the nation looks complacently upon the t of the completion of a grand n a t iona l wor k. prospect of of Louis Napoleon's government were to expire to-morrow, his name would be found insepar ably concected with public works, which would form his best title to the favourable remembrance of poste rity. The central markets, the Rue Hindi conti nued to the Hotel de Ville, and the clearing away of the piles of mean buildings which deformed the grand ss qua of the Carousel, aro accomplished facts, i re whichn the present financial state of France no thing but a despotic government could so speedily have achieved. Indeed, with regard to the Lower M. Chasseloup-Lanbat's report to th e C or p s Lef. gislat if Indulged in a grumbling tone on the score of expense, and observed that the ease of the tax-payer was to be considered as well as the fame of the Prince who desired to connect his name with a national edifice. M. Casabianca takes pains to show that a wise economy will preside over every branch of the present undertaking. The con ditions of every contract have been settled by the committee of control of civil buildings, who will watch the progress of the works to the close. The architects are to have fixed salaries, instead of being paid a per centage upon the money they spend, ac cording to the unsatisfactory system which prevails in England. Careful calculations have been made as a basis for a tabular series of prices fixed for all ma terials, and according to the promises of the minister the work will proceed with uninterrupted celerity, will be finished even before the appointed period, and will be not only a model of architectural beauty, but a precedent of unexampled economy. You are aware that the title of highness has been given by various prefects to Louis Napoleon, that it has been adopted in the Pairie, and echoed in the Monileur. I am now informed that this flourish has been adopted by . foreign courts, or at least by their representatives in diplomatic communications. In deed some foreign cabinets go a step further and style the Prince Allem, Insperiale, a title which was used in the despatches of the prefect of the Vosges, and repeated in the official journal. I am informed from a good source that Count Turgot received at Strasbourg a letter from the Minister of Foreign Affairs at Berlin, in which it was asked how long his Imperial Highness intended to prolong his stay in the Alsatian capital. It has been stated that Louis Napoleon insisted, as a condition of his marriage with the Princess Caro line de Vasa, that she should become a convert to the Roman Catholic church. This is a mistake ; the princess has been a Roman Catholic for some years past; so that on this side no impediment exists to the marriage. On the other hand, the father of the President's intended has not yet given his consent, and her brother, who is in the Austrian service, has been heard to declare that no Vasa can consent to an alliance with the house of Napoleon, who replaced the dynasty of that name opm the th ro ne of Sweden by one of his marshals. Meanwhile it seems that the son of Bernardotte, and present King of Sweden, would look with some apprehension on the union of a princess of the ancient line with the ruler of France • for the altramontane interest, which is ever seeking for a hole where it may get in its cloven foot, would like nothing better than to lay hold of a Roman catholic sprig of the home of Vasa to serve as a legitimate A& for hoisting their ban ner in & protestant country, and appealing to the few partisans yet remaining to the exiled dynasty. It is said that among the changes likely to be proposed in the constitution it is highly probable that the grant of a handsome salary to the deputies of the Corps Legislatif will figure. The daily sum spoken of at patent is 1001 r. ; but as this would only last during the session of three months the expendi ture would be a trifle compared with the inferior stipend of 760 members of the National Assembly. The Mondesir publishes a decree of the President of the Republic declar in g the works for enlarging the building occupied by the Calm des Depots et Consignations, in the Rue de rOratoire, to be of public utility, and ordering the expropriation neces sary to carry them into execution. A further list of nominations of mayors and de puty-mayars to 73 Ahem in different departments, l tpctre is the ifsies. Yenesur de r.drinie protests, with profes sional mew, spinet the k iroposal of Dr. Venn to reins, Se army by 50,000 or 100,000 men. Accord ing to this journal, Veron is altogether wrong in stating that the saving thereby effected would be 60 or 100 millions of fumes. The real saving it would be but 17 or 36 millions. It ealculate a t e t a i ll i SSA of a Pints Wow at 320 fr. per annum. After =t o te staff and African garrisons and non 0111aasserts that the army only moist* of 216,142: soldiers. The Pilots do has received a " warning," having attempted to convey to its readers a Wm impression . of the nature and true meaning of the ovations given to the Prince-President on his jour ney to Strasbourg. The expressions " vain theatri cal pomp," and " trivial enthusiasm at the service of every government," used by the journalist, are cha racterised by the prefect as alike wanting in accu racy and propriety, when speaking of one of the grandest celebrations of national industry, and one of the most brilliant manifestations of national gra titude. Prince Jerome Bonaparte was to have embarked at Havre yesterday, for a marine excursion in the Heine Hortense, but he countermanded the prepara tions for the voyage as soon as h e h ear d o f the death of Marshal Excelmans, in order that he might at his funeral in Paris. For some time pest a certain degree of agitation has been manifested among the journeymen masons employed en the works now gang on in various parts of the capital. On Saturday some of the men exployed by M. Florentin, in the Rue de Fleurus, assembled in front of his bans, and refused to work unless they bad five sous a day extra wages. M. Florentin would not comply with their demand, and gave notice to the authorities, by whom the ring leaders of the coalition were arrested, and the other men then west quietly to work. The Marquis d'Azeglio has arrived in Paris from London, on his way to his country seat in Piedmont. It is stated in a letter from Vienna that M. Le febvre-Durufle, the French Minister of Public Works, will visit Austria next month, for the pur pose of examining the works of the Semmering railroad. • _ _ _ _ Thicoleasrcial bulletin of the Preue states that there has hems very little activity in general trade during the hat week, but that the accounts from the fair of Bstaesire continue to be good, and that an imperialist in trade may soon be expected. The same m triel gives very unfavourable accounts from the districts. It states that the grape disease very general, and that the expectation of a bad harvestUs ceased a considerable rise in the price of wines and brandies. As regards tho corn crops, however, the P►csse says its accounts are decidedly favourable. _ At the Bourse the Four-and-a-Half per Cent.. closed without change at 103.20; the l'hrees fell 1 10 e., and closed at 72.35. Bank of France shares rose 10. The Lyons Railway rose 11.25; Orltuna, 5; Western and Strasbourg, 2.50 each; Rouen fell 3.75. SWITZERLAND. The Federal Assembly of Switzerland met on the 23rd to elect the president and vice-president of the confederation for the year 1833. For the presidency M. Naeff, thu present vice-president, obtained 100 votes; M. Munzioger, 34; M. Ochsonbein, 3; M. Drucy, 3; M. Frei-Heroee,l. M. Naeff was accord ingly proclaimed president of the confederation for 1833. For the vice-presidency, M. Frei-Heroes° re ceived 87 votes ; M. %monger, 31 ; M. Ochsenbein, 3 ; and M. Druey, 2. M. Frei-Herose was pro claimed vice-president. The Suisse Bays: In accordance with the rule hitherto followed it was agreed to elect the •ice-president, president. There was less accord as to the election of vice-president, as will be seen from the votes. M. Druz was completely set aside; his recent measures, which he imagined world serve him, had a contrary effect. It is not necessary to tell our readers that these elections have not the same Importance as those of the United States, for public affairs us treated in the federal ennui'. The principal influence is certain situations is exercised by such or such a member of that bo.:y who is not president. The president acts as minister of foreign affairs during his term of office. The vice-presi duet preserves the direction of his department, unlearn spe cial arrangements relative thereto be mado amongst the members of the federal council. The Courriere Suisse states that M. Bachelard, prefect of the district of Vevey, in the canton of Vaud, was a few days ago cited before the Council of State, to give explanations respecting his conduct in the affair of M. Thiers, and that he afterwards resigned, or was dismissed. "It appears certain," says the Courrier, "that the order to expel M. Thiers was sent to the prefect, and that ho hesitated to accom plish an act of brutal illegality. He dared to write to the Council of State that expulsion was a measure inapplicable to M. Thicrs, that it was un just, and would produce a bad effect on the country." GERMANY. The question of succession again occupies the pub lic mind in the Duchy of Brunswick. The debated point is whether arc to be considered as the legiti mate heirs to the throne—the descendants of the reigning Duke William, or those of the Duke Charles—declared incapable of reigningr. This ques tion becomes important now that Duke William appears to have the intention of marrying. In the sitting of the Assembly of the citizens of Hamburg on the 23rd inst., the senate communicated the note of the committee of the Diet ou the subject of the constitution of the Free City. This note asserts the necessity that the constitution should be in ac cordance with the federal constitution; that the old constitution of Hamburg fulfilled this condition ; but that that which is now proposed contains elements contrary to the monarchical spirit of the confedera tion. The committee, in concluding, express a hope that the Senate and: citizens of Hamburg will do what in them lies to prevent the necessity of the in terference of the Germanic Diet. Said Pacha arrived at Vienna on the 22nd. He intends to make some stay in that city, and then to embark at Trieste for Constantinople. Vienna let ters state that he energetically denies having been concerned in any plot, and that in the event of the Viceroy Abbas Yacht proceeding against him ho in tends to demand the protection of the Sultan. HOLLAND. The Handeleblad of Amsterdam, in order to put an end to certain rumours, states that the Dutch govern ment has accepted from the United States the mission of entering into negotiations with the Emperor of Japan for putting an end to the exclusion of all lb reigners except the Dutch. A letter from the Hague, in the Independence of Brussels, states that the French government has po sitively refused to prolong the period originally fixed for the ratification of the treaty between it and Holland for the suppression of literary piracy, and that in consequence the Dutch government has convoked the Assembly to examine it. But as many members are anxious for delay, in order to afford time to parties affected by the treaty to present their observations, it is believed that sufficient mem bers will not assemble to form a house. In that case there must be an adjournment of the ratifications, or the rupture of the convention. ALGIERS. The Archduke Ferdinand, brother of the Emperor of Austria, arrived at Algiers on the 18th inst., at eight in the morning, on board the Volta steamer. In the course of the day the Governor-General pro ceeded in state to viait his royal highness on board, and the visit wu returned the day after, at the governor's country house, near Algiers. The same day the governor, his secretary-general, and the Admiral had the honour of dining with the Prince on board the steamer. The consul of Sardinia, charged ad isterins with the oonsulate of Austria, also dined on board. The stay of the Prince at Algiers was to be only for a few days. The 20th and 21st were to be devoted to an excursion to Blida and Medeah ; the 22nd to an excursion in the neighbourhood of Algiers, and the day after he was to leave the road stead for Malta. TURKEY. A letter from Constantinople, in the Cologne Ga zette, states that it having been recently rumoured that some Russian engineers and rakers had beea taking military plane in Servia, the Parts ordered an investigation to be made, and learned that eighteen Russian oaken had visited the northeastern portion of European Tur key, and had taken plans of Widden, Schunda,Rust chuck, and Varna, and that they were taking other plans in the Balkan. ITALY. ROMAN CATHOLIC PERSECUTION OF PRO TESTANT SCHOOLS IN NAPLES. NAPLES, JULY 18. I have before drawn your attention to the con tinual persecution of the Jesuits on all questions re lative to education, which is here entirely in their hands. The police have received orders to visit par ticularly the two or three protestant sehools of Naples, and request the proprietors of the same to present themselves before the authorities; which has ended in obliging them to place their establishments under a Roman catholic governor, or governess, as the ease may be. The person thus attacked are Swiss, and having no protection from their consul they have been compelled to submit. Mr. Hamilton is an English protestant school master who settled in Naples early in 1848, and opened a protestant school for the instraction of English and Swiss boys. His establishment rapidly increased, and, therefore, attracted the jealousy of the Neapolitan ecclesiasti cal authorities. Not being able to treat Mr. Hamilton u they had treated the Swim, he became the object of indirect annoyance. The polies visited the parents of his pupils, and en deavoured to influent's such as had any connexion with or dependence on governmeat employment. Some were induced to withdraw their children under f ear of the parent losing his appoint ment (engineer for example) m Naples. Other protestant parents having less protection than Bri tish subjects were eqnally intimidated ; and by such means Mr. Hamilton's establishment was reduced to some down childitin of purely English parents. Such was the state of things when Mr. Hamilton a few days since was called before the police and told to shut up his school ; that the government could no longer allow a protestant school to exist in Na ples. Mr. Hamilton replied that he carried on his business of schoolmaster by right of treaty; that he had never offended tho law, and would not therefore comply with the unjust demand of closing his school. r Sons after this interview the police suddenly en tered the house of Mr. Hamilton, and turned out all the boys by force, some of whom, their parents not being in Naples, were positively in the streets, not knowing where to go. This unjustifiable act was immediately communicated to Sir W. Temple, who r no doubt has taken immediate steps to protect Mr. Hamilton. It is a subject on which the home government ought to express their opinion, if British subjects are to be allowed to reside in Naples as traders or visitors. An extract of the treaty between her Majesty Queen Victoria and his Sicilian Majesty will at once discover the illegality practised towards Mr. Hamilton. Their dwellings (those of British subjects), warehouses, and all premises appertaining thereto, destined for purposes of residence or commerce, shall be respected. No arbitrary search of, or visit to, the houses of British subjects, and no arbitrary examination or inspection whatever of books, papers, or account' of their trade shall be made ; but such measures shall be executed only in conformity with the legal sutence of a competent tribunal.—Articlo J. Treaty signed April 29, 1b4.5. The entrance of the police, therefore, in Mr. Hamilton's house was a direct violation of the treaty, and the sudden expulsion of some dozen boys from their forms into the streets was an act of petty cruelty, worthy of the Neapolitan police. If treaties are to be respected, now is the time to act; for should such offences be allowed to be passed over without ample apology and compensation, they will assuredly be repeated all over the world by such governments as that which now misrules tho Two Sicilies. CANADA. Our correspondent writes as follows: TORONTO, Irv( 12. The returns for the province of Canada, for the year 1&51, have been published under the authority of the Receiver General. These returns, I fancy, have been made up for some time, but have not been published in conse quence of our parliament not being in session. The returns are gratifying in as far as they show an immense increase in our revenue. But before making any remarks I will give you the figures in the following t sble : tA - 1 - 1:1 OP 1111 RIVE:COI OF FRI P/WVINCZ OF CANADA son 1851. Customs duties _ £703,700 14 0 Excise Territorial 19,961 5 10 Light-house and tonnage duty, Canada West Bank imports Public mortis Militia Gem 8 2 6 Fines and forfeitures, including seizures 1,364 0 0 Casual Fees from titles, &c.,12 Vie., c. 63 &64 4,052 12 2 Total , 18 pu 4 6 2 1 1 We shall have a large surplus this year. £B42 The blic ac counts last year showed a surplus of about 200,0001.; and there will be another addition of 150,0001. to add to that this year : at least I so infer from the information which has so far appeared. I It is understood parliament is to meet on the 19th August. We have had much excitement on the subject of the rail way negotiations with the imperial government. There is much difference of opinion on Mr. Mocks' letter to Sir J. S. l'akington. The conservative press generally have cen , lured Mr. Blacks, and so have one or two leading reform journals. But by the papers in the interest of the ministry his conduct has been warmly defended. We have fine weather, and the crops arc looking well, but commercial transactions are not just now very brisk. There has been much speculation respecting She rumoured finding of gold in Canada and Nova Scotia. At least, in Nova Scotia, the accounts seem to be well founued ; but I cannot guarantee them to be so.—Yours, &:. ,LAMBDA. TILE FIRE AT MONTREAL The following particular, of the great fire at Montreal, by which nearly 1,400 houses have been de stroyed, are taken from the Montreal Herald of July 12. The loss occasioned be this disastrous occurrence is esti mated at about 800,0061. The first outbreak took place either in a house on the east side of St. Lawrence-street, or immediately at the hack of it, at • point about midway between Lagauchetiere street and the fields. liere it burned with great fury, among the houses on the east side of the street, extending itself southwards to the St. Lawrence Market, which though of wood was fortunately preserved, and northwards as far as Mignonnestreet. St. Dominique-street is very near St. Lawrence-street, and just at that point there was a lumber yard owned, we believe, by Judge Aylwin, and oc cupied by Mr. llsley. At 10 o'clock the flames had not, yet attained those premises, and the open space seemed to offer the means of combating the conflagration. Unhap pily there had been throughout the morning no efficient supply of water, and no means had been taken for taking down the piles of dry wood. It was probably nearly 11, some two hours alter the fire began, before this place began to blaze. When it did, the greatest anxiety began to be felt for the General Hospital, situated on the south of Dor chester-street, where it makes the corner with St. Domi nique-street. Happily, between it and the wood-yard there was but one low wooden house, , flanked by • large ger des. Several gentlemen here exerted themselves with great seal in covering the inflammable parts of the building with blankets, and eventually the wood-yard burnt out, without having done more than threaten the Hospital. The latter had in the 'humanse done good ser vice to those parts of the city lying to the south of the wood yard ; for its great height, and the vacant ground it stands upon had formed a barrier against the flying sparks, and so checked the southward march of the flames. In the mean time everything to the southward was going as if made of matches, a few stone houses scattered through the ward, generally with wooden galleries and offices, were utterly unable to resist the heat and flakes of fire from the whole streets of wooden houses by which they are surrounded. The flames, aided by a very strong westerly breeze, rushed from street to street, and from house to house, like water pouring down a rapid. The writer saw it cross St. Con stant-street, which it did without stop or hesitation, in one broad sheet of red flame man y yards wide. This was probably about noon, and very shortly after it must have attained the easterly limit of the ward—St. Deniestreet—by the wooden buildings which serve for stables at the back. St. Deniestreet is, or rather wee, throughout nearly its whole length, built only . on one side, the eastern side toeing occupied by a very spacious garden, with a couple of wooden houses standing in it, except on the corner of St Catharine•street, where stood the Bishop's or St. James Church, St. James Schoolhouse, the Roman catholic bishop's late residence and a splendid palace, recently built for his grace, and way imetpleted within a few weeks. All these buildings am eintignons. On the side which larseed the besailary et flt. Ludo ward, there were rows of very hem mime baraess, see part called Cornwall-ter race, eampled as the 11111111•01111 of antralmilitery o ffi cers and others of the mestrespeetahle families in town. North of these however, there were some less secure buildings of brick, and farther an, again, of wood; a large block of the latter kind being directly opposite the episcopal residence. Stone or wood, however, seemed now to be alike feeble. The flames ease on a quarter of a mile bread, and had speedily seised the whole of the line of buildings in the street. At the southern end of it, there is a short street going westerly to the Champ de Mars, when are the general's office and the town major's office. A strong party of the 20th Regiment were stationed then, together with all the clerks of the departments, and by great elution, they con trived to save the street , having, however, been in sufficient danger to induce the removal of the papers. North ward everything wee burned, exempt soma detached hones stand'ng in the fields. It was probably three o'clock in the afternoon, when the wooden block at this part of the street, took Ire. Though the street is very wide, the flames had nosoeser mutated these house, than it rushed seems to the ecclesiastical property adjoining. The writer was in St. Lawrence-street when this catastrophe occurred, and from thence, looking across the blank left by the confla gration, the sight was one of dismal grandeur. Suddenly an immense column of smoke with a round dome like top, towered up into the air, and Chem stood for many minutes, preserving all its outlines with Feat distinctness. The Agile, • convent for aged persons, Is situated upon the pro longation of St. Catharine-street, eastward from the St. Louts suburbs. This happily escaped ; but directly op posite, a fine large atom how belonging to Mr. Coffin, the prothonotary, was utterly destroyed. For. Innately, the lases were arrested at that point, for had they managed along St. Catharine-street scarcely a house would have been left standing in the city east of St. Denierdreet. While this was going on in St. Denis street the lakes of fire had been conveyed by the wind to a distance of half a mile, and had ignited the timber-yard and saw-mills of Messrs. Sims and Coleman. These were situated an the river side, and of course they did no mis chief; bu t they were entirely destroyed. About 5 o'clock all seemed to be over: people summed up the lou, as the St. Louis Ward, the ecclesiastical buildings, and Sims and Coleman's; but still they did not do so without trembling for the niotht. Their fears were but too well founded. Towards 6 o'clock, or perhaps something later, it was die. covered that the wooden buildings behind the cut end of Notre Dame-street were in flames, and very speedily that the Hays Howie was on fire. Hero some fur ther local explanation is necessary. The Hays House Hotel was an immense block of stone buildings of four stories, with a theatre at the back, enteeiding into a narrow lane called Champ de Nan-street. On Notre Dame-street it formed the corner of a lugs open Kure, of which it made the western boundary. From the houses on the north side of this square three was nothing but a barrack ground and some artillery barracks to the river, the space between the barracks and the square being occupied by two streets, Notre Dame and St. Paul, which meet just eastward of it. At their juncture St. Mary-street begins and runs west ward till it becomes the high-road to Quebec. There are no parallel streets between it and the river, but north ward of it are Lagauchetiere and St. Cathitineetreets ; running like it, the whole length of the city to the field. We have seen the fire stopped at St. Catharine-street, at a few yards east of St. Denis-street, and that eastward of that street throughout its whole length there is • lot of vicar i ground. The whole extent of this open spec? is probably nearly 1,000 feet from St. Denis to Lacroix and CalAkeau. streets, and Dalhousie-square was only divided from it on the south side by St. Louis -street, a few houses at the east end of which were burned. It will be teen therefore that eastward of Dalhousie-square there was a prolonged tract of houses, bounded on the north by Lag imlietitte-stritt and on the south by the river. By 10 o', lock at niaht the square was destroyed and the themes had attacked this district known as the Quebec suburbs. Saint Mary's-street throughout its had a great many stone holm', including a block 1,1 2•411a4 els or eight belonging to Chief Justice Sir J 4444 Stuart ; and there were eituate.l upon it two fine houses —one the residence of the widow of the late Judge Reid and the other that of— Matson, Esq., both having their backs upon • small lane on the river bank. '1 here was also a church known as St. Thomas, end further on a distillery soil brewery and machine manufactory, all belonging to the Memos. Wilson. The gaol was also situated on tic same street, and the old gas works, which have lately Ii en occu pied by M'Lean and Wright as a inanufcctory of railway eirriageo. A market, too, wet pieced in a large square olf the street. The longitudinal tract betwei n Lagaethettere. street and the river is about 1,100 feet at Dalhousie-me ow , but it gradually approaches the river all the way to the gaol, of one side of which it forms the boundary. The Hays House having taken fire communicated with the house directly opposite, on Notre Dame-street; but there it was stopped. It elm communicated with the square, which consisted of well-built stunt houses, occupied by the Hon. fieorge Moffatt; S. Benjamin, ; the mess. 14,11444 of the 10th and Artillery • and the Military Secre taries Officer. It then made • Chao sweep of everything eastward between the river and Lagauchetiere-strett, the latter of which was untouched throughout its whole !teeth to Fapineau.road, with the exception of a how or two in the centre and a few houses at the corner of the l'apineau-road. From the square to the jail is a distance of some 3,000 feet, more than hall a mile, and that space is traversml by the following streets, viz., Campeau, St. Nicholas 1 ohntiee, Wolfe, Amherst, Mummies. Visitation, l'auet, Disalaistrry, Voltigeurs, St. Adolphus, Parineausoad, where is a large .quure with a wooden market standing in it, amid bale ' street. It took the whole night to travel through this space, and it was not till nine or ten in the morning that it was checked at the St. Mary's Foundry. Had that gone, the distillery of the Messrs. Molsuoa must Lave ioliewed. The old Ordnance Office houses between this point and Dalhousie-square, which are now windiest, are th,se be longing to the widow of the late Mr. Justice held, and Mr. Stetson. Both these are large stone houses, standing in gardens, and so detached from all other buildings. Among the property destroyed was a large quantity of card-wood in the government wood-yarsl, between at. Mary's-street and the river. As to the victims, they deserve the utmost conaras.ioa. The majority belong to the labouring classes, MTh ; of *b rim have contrived, by years of tort and economy, to accumu late sufficient to purchase a little suburhm residence, and some of whom had but • few articles of furniture. in either case they were compelled to save their tew houstheld goods by a hasty Hight to the nearest open ground, from hence they were, in many cases, obliged to dislodge more once. The sufferings of some them, especially of the children, must have been intense. We have heard of seve ral casts of coup de soled caused by exhausting labour in the heat; but of no fetal Case. At a rough calculation we suppose there may have been fourteen hundred houses burnt, which at seven inhabitants to each house would give nearly 10,000 without houses, the probability is, however, judging from the census returns that as many as 1i,004 must have bivouacked in the open air. CO Court. OSBORNE, MONDAY. Ifer Majesty, Prince Albert, the Prince of Wales, and the Princess RoTal, attended by the Countess of Goias borough, the lion. Eleanor Stanley, the lion. Colonel Grey, and Colonel F. 11. Seymour, went to the parish church at Whippingham yesterd iy morning. The prayers were real by the Rev. Mr. Shedden. The Rev. Mr. Prothro per. formed the communion service and preached the sermon. The Earl and Countess of Derby left St. Leonard' yrs. terday morning for Goodwood, on a visit to the Duke and Duchess of Richmond. Mr. Edwud Thompson, Mr. Hirai, of Jamaica, ar..l Mr. William Smith, had an interview with Sir John Vakington yesterday at the Colonial-office. The Right lion. Spencer Walpole ' Secretary of State for the Home Department, accompanied by Colonel Jebb and Mr. Ernest Percival, left town last evening for Portland, to inspect the Convict Establishment and Breakwater. Mr. Wilson and Archdeacon W. Wi.liaoll3 had an inter view with Sir John Pakington yesterday at the Colonial office. Mr. Bannister had also an interview with the ri?ht hon. baronet. Despatches were sent off to the Governor of the Cape of Good Hope yesterday from the Colonial-office. De. 'patches were received yesterday from the Governor. General of Canada, and also from the Lord High Commis sioner of the lonian Islands. IT IS RUMOURED IN TILE DERDYITE CLUB': that hiqor W. Beresford, M.P., is about to resign the office of Secretary at War for that of Paymaster Ocueral under the present government.—Globe. TORT MANNERS.—The young tory member, Mr. H. G. Liddell, for South Northumberland, has already got into a scrape. With exceeding ill taste he made his appearance exultingly before a crowd of Sir George Grey's friends on Thursday, assembled in front of the Star Inn, Alnwick. A cap was thrown up in the mob, and accidentally fell on, without at all hurting, Mr. Liddell; whereupon he savagely attacked a Mr. Rosa, who was nearest to him, with a ',tick. This outrage excited the crowd, and Mr. Liddell was only saved from its indignation and vengeance by the interference of the Hon. Capt. Frederick Grey. Mr. Hoes intends, it is said, to take legal proceedings against Mr. Liddell fur the unprovoked assault on him. THE MASTER OF THE ROLLB.—The following ad dress has been signed by a large number of the electors of Davenport and Stonehouse who, at the recent election, voted for the right hon. gentleman To the Right Hon. Sir John Romilly, Kt., Muter of the Rolls, one of her Ma jeety's Most Honourable Privy Council, &c.—Honoured and respected Sir,—We, the undersigned electors of the bo rough of Devonport and towiiibiji Or Eau Stonehouse, de sire thus to express and record our unfeigned sorrow and deep unmitigated regret at the termination of your political connexion with this borough and township. The affliction in which we are involved by this unlooked-for event is greatly augmented in consequence of the dishonourable means employed by our adversaries to effectuate a result so distressingly painful to Us and so ineffaceably disgraceful to themselves, Had our opponents relied only, as we did, on the profession and prevalence of known and welbdefined political prinples, and been content eith open, undi s guised statements of opinions and purposes on questions of national and social policy, we should have bowed submissively to the decision arrived at, however adverse to our anticipations and disappointing to oar hopes ; but when we consider the deception, intimidation, disreputable influence, and still more questionable practices to which they had recourse, and by which they succeeded in tinning aside many who had heretofore acted with us, and who stood pledged to do so on this occasion, we feel the more humbled nod mortified—that by the bare majority of ten votes, so unworthily obtained, we should be de prived of a representative, who, with ability the most die tioguished, and with seal and perseverance the meet un tiring, has nobly served his country, and faithfully carried into practical expression and effect the opinions and wakes of this constituency. The poignancy of our regret, and the kern sensibilities of our sorrow, are vastly increased by the knowledge we posses of your manly independence—your high-souled integrity —your pure patriotism—your intel lectual and legal acumen—your unvarying kinder's; and urbanity—your ceaseless activity in doing good—your spot less reputation—and the energy, consistency, and corecien tiouoness with which these mental and moral qualifications migkt have been employed by you, as a member of the Com mons House, in furthering the interests of Britain, and in promoting the welfare of mankind. On all these accounts, we have, for the list five year*, gloried in you as our chosen representative ; and now mourn that we are no longer permitted to bail you in that honoured and desired relation. With your determination to pass into comparative retire silent we dare not interfere further than we have already done, seeing it has been so repeatedly and firmly expressed ; it is, however, permitted us to follow you into that coveted seclusion, with our best and cordial wishes for your abund ant happiness and usefulness; and to pray that in the bosom of your endeared family, and in the circle of your attached and admiring friends, you may realise all that select and sacred enjoyment of which you are capable, and to which you aspire; that in the discharge of your high official duties, as one of the judges of the land, you ma, continue to be distinguished by legal wisdom, blameless integrity, and unsullied purity; and that alit'. having ' served your generation by the will of God, you may be ' gathered to your fathers in a good old age,'—departine to the recompense of the just on high, and leaving behind you a character and a name which succeeding generations shall delight to remember and to honour. With profound respect and esteem, we beg to subscribe ourselves your sincere admirers and devoted friends. [Appended are the signatures of upwards of one thousand electors.] TIIE BOROUGH OP PLYMOUTH.—At a numerous meeting of the friends and supporters of Mr. Brainy, the chairman of the Eastern Steam Navigation Company. sod one of the candidates for Plymouth at the late election, held a few days since in the Freemasons Hall, Plymouth, W. 11. Evens, Esq., in the chair, it was resolved : •• That this meeting deliberately confirms the resolution pas.eil at the public meeting, held on Friday, the 9th inst., viz. .—'lh 2 l it expresses its regret at the circumstance of George T. Brain, Esq., not having been returned as one of the ore. sentativos of this borough in parliament, believing turn to Ina in all respects a fit and proper person to r e pres lit them; but at the same time it desires to record its opini , n that the same is to be attributed to a combination of circumstances which could not be foreseen, and which would not occ ur again; and that therefore it ventures to hope that Mr. Brain, will allow himself to be put in nomination ag.on at the first opportunity, in which case this meeting pledg e ! itself to use every legitimate exertion to procure h is return. And .brat this meeting now renews the pledge to render to Mr. Brain a zealous cordial support." blow off a • been an d The fro stood was of the nor 1 yards in the e3nvc Richard, - hie head i 0 playing at and was fc home, and William of timber— a portion o lay down, last night. John Ed mill, who injured by in between though noi James close by fe and bruise( cover. A mesas took place Rigby, jun Such we broken mai inches in le two inches. As to the The boiler, are three e feet 9 inch take place SVIMERI been preseni the affairs o SOCTLI the week et 'Pending wI 2.444:.15,. 4