The Express. — London, England, 1851-07-19 00:00:00

Mr. BROWN then rose and mid—My lords and gentle age, the nest I have to propose is the health of the go yaw of • moot enterprising and intelligent people—a peo ple whoa energies menifcat themselves in every toner of Vie earth—whin.r marchl and prosperous industry is to he eeigeontered under the burning sun of the cast, and again is the has irdom enterprise of the whale fisheries of the Arctic reties'' , (('heers.) It may be truthfully said, in the language of Burke, that there is no sea which does not witness their toils, and that there is no lend which dues sot liesiellt by their presence. (Loud cheers.) You us aware, ratlemen, that the magnificent vessel we are now on baud of is a mail steam packet, under the patronage and sustained , #Lhe contributions of the government of the United States, i n we hod the people of the United States able to mad out such a ship as this, we may say again with Burke, what will they alp no the bine when they do so much in the , ; Ertl? (Cheint.) The toast I have to give, gentlemen, ' i he President of the United States." With the toast I beg to associate the name of Mr. Davis, the Americas Charge d'Affaires ia this country, whom I have the honour • to somber among the guests on this occasion. (Cheers.) I The toast 1144 drunk with hearty applause. Mr. DAVIS responded. He should not have presumed • M answer to the toast had his name not been so emphati- , ally connected with it ; and he begged it to be understood that he did nut stand in so high a position in the diplomatic • awoke as Mr. Brown had placed him. He could not sue. ' Meetly say how delighted would be the illustrious person! who was the subject of the tout with this international !! fete of men of all countries gathered together under the shade oldie American flag. (Cheers.) He wensure, also, that , the President and all Americans would hail with pleasure the restoration to service of this noble ship, the accident to ! which, tut winter, carried agony into so many homes sad fear into so many hearts, in the land on the other side of ! I ! the Atlantic. They (the Americans) had been described 1 . as • people indulging in an overweening national pride. That . • 'sight he quite true; hut, for himself, be would say that he bad felt that day a pride in his country which he had never fully felt before. It hail been said that the Americium had made but • meagre show at the Exhibition. That might be so; and were this the proper occasion it might easily be captained why it was so. But if any one inmoined, from that circumstance, that the invention of America wen not fertile, that her taste was barren, or that her wealth was fabulous, he would say, "Come to Liverpool." (Loud cheers.) He would point to this ship, and he would ask all such sceptic. CO study her model, to look at her machinery, lad to examine her decorations. (Cheers.) Let them go POUII.I the docks and see the amount of tonnage floating grandly under the American flag. (Cheers.) Let them educe at the warehouses and observe the enormous quan tity of the products of America which were there housed for sale. (Cheers.) Let them look at the statistics of the exports of England and ascertain the vast value of the gaerehanilise which was bought up by America. (Cheers.) And when they had looked at all thinu things they would say—it might he vanity for him to suggest it—" See what the desc e nd ants of Englishmen have accomplished." (Loud sheen.) And he thought also that they would then respond to the cordial wish of every American, that the good rela tess now established between the two great branches of the AngloiSoxiiii-race, England and the United States, may long continue to increase and be strengthened. (Much sheering.) Mr. IIItOWN proposed the health of the Royal Commis sneers —gentlemen to whom the world was indebted (or having dune os much, and worked so well, to assemble at the (tried Exhibition all the cations of the earth. (Cheers.) That they huh not been unsucceuful in producing inter ns:timid amity he thought would be shuwie that day. With the toast gave the name of Earl Granville, whose eervieee throughout had been inestimably valuable. (Chisisel The Karl (iIIANVILLE begged to return sincere thanks for the honour dune to the royal commissioners and to himself ; there was, at that moment, in the Crystal Palen! 14 elder and ingenious model of the dock of Liver pool, the popularity of which hail been even greeter than was anticiptiel, and which was being surrounded by won. define crowds act those who had never had an opportunity Or arrilig Liverpool itself. Ile and the royal commissioners wore grateful to Mr. Brown that that gentleman had not been cogibut with permitting our foreign visitors to obtain only that imperfect conception which was to be derived from a mere model, but that he was one of those merchant princes, in the true sense of the word, who had made Liverpool what it was—(cheers) — who hod enriched it by their iliterproe -who bad adorned it by superb public buildings—who had illustrated it by their attention bi the liberal science., and, it be might an. the term, hail ...matted it by megninient charitable insti tutions -(eles•to —should have, iu eu 'wide a spirit, offered our distinguished guests so graceful an opportunity of visit sag that town, cal whirls Mr. Brown mid his fellow-citizens might ...justly he proud. (Cheers.) If there wall a ter innetauce who li could add satisfaction on such an occasion it was ittAt tliu mogiiiiieent reception should take Lir• on Iceird a 'I falesidldlitiC steamer. (Cheers ) njesoled it as peculiarly gratifyiug that our foreign visitors, who had come far and near to me the (.rest Ealobiteun, the ulqect of which was to pro misee art mad se armee, rail to apply science, in the most eatenove forms, fur the purpose of enhancing the comforts and adding to the luippinem should meet in • mewl like this, which fursiehed veldt:mg how rash it was, ewes bra the mot kayoed men anal on the highest grounds, to prophesy that anything was unpuemble with retard to pairtind science us this day. (Cheers.) There was another point, which had alrawly hare alluded to, the fact that they were dieing under the ocean flag ; and it was with the 111111.4 pleamire that he aelumerledged the &ppm priatimese that so the middle of Liverpool their meeting should be on what might lie termed Am, emu ground, thereby twilit otiog the reality of the loolimge of fro wlship which eubsuitiel between the Baited Strom and onnelvee. (Loud choirs.) If there Ind hero nu other mums for rejeoiim he should have re joiced that the occasion hail been uttered to Mr. Davis, in a mom r suithle speech, marked by enusemt good taste, of giv ing espresnion to whet ought to be, said he (Lord Ursaville) limpid were, the feelsoes of two nations so nearly connected by memos enemas, by friendship, and by blood. (Cheers.) (i.e of the advantages which lie (Lord Oramille) experi eared iron pmeuon at the Itoard of Trade, was, that be W frequently brought before him commercia l matters par tisularly relating to Liverpool ; and the more such ars were so brought seder his notice, the more did he become emsvineeil of the prosperity—and of the true basis of the pro sperity of that rest tows. (Cheers.) He bad lately been employed as ineeshor of seennmimion which bad been ap pointed to inquire into ttor ale imhility of removing the line of pastime sow in fremolly competities with that line of which the nisei the y were sow on board of was one, from Liver pool to the western mast of Ireland. The report which the ensintions had made was, that et would not be prudent to gentians such • chute. (Hear, hear.) He did nut [nem atodes as at all ineriong any Hassles from the ammo( Liver pool. hook ha colleagues and himself had been must ant hems that veep advantage should be gives to Ireland which ineld enontrun leer commeretal enterprise ; and being satinied that Liverpool was strong and able enough to take ewe of herself, the coninaimiumin would willingly have orrovaisiodhafdio popes* teneoval if it had beenitossible • eiweider that awl • sew would be consistent with the gem rat commoralid Min* al the country. (Hear, hear.) He remarked •• thie ps the ware because the evidence aliened skewed the llostaindal re in samo which the immense %miners earned on bottoms die Milted State. and England was eonceutrated is Liverpool. (Hear, hear.) At this im mune there was • bill before the House of Lords, relating ho the mooed of the gunpowder starve from the immediate soighbourkeed of Liverpool. He would nut be roe e to say whether It wee reasonable or unreememblert l lawn of Liverpool to object to the laibility of being Mews np. (Laughter.) He thought it would perhaps be better set to dwell too much on the topic lest be should alarm ante of their guests who might not lie in the habit of so parning is so excitable a neighbourhood. (Laughter.) He wished, however, to refer to circumstances in connec tion with that bill. Most gentlemen ;invest had read that remarkable chapter in the history of that great historian Kr. klaeaulay, where he eempared the propane of England its the reign of James the Second, and the progress at the percent day. Ile (Lord Granville) believed that a compa rison as remarkable might be made, if they took data from • much later period than the reign of James 11. The bill to which he had referred was • bill to repeal a portion of am act passed in the reign of George III.; and he would maw call attention to the evidence given by the officers who were appointed by the government to inquire into the state of these gunpowder magazines. From this evidence it appeared that in the reign of there. lii., the Ditch* of Liverpool extended over a few hustlr,l . . _ _ 'ands; that the ps;pulation of the place was only 10,000 WIFI4II. ; th it in 1,430, an increase having taken place, the locks catended UV!s two miles; that at this moment those doets vitriol once four miles, the expectation being that 1 i they will soon extend over tine miles; and that the popula- ' tisa had grown to 400,000. The last figure, he found, wax a mistake, for by the census, published that monfing, it would be seen that the population of Liverpool numbered half a million. (Cheer.) When he adverted to these Guts. he did not do so with any wish of self-glorification aa to the material progms of any portion of the British flomi aeons There was, as well as the model, another contribu tion in the Exhibition interesting to Liverpool —a collection made by Mr. Archer, most useful for the purpose of in structing merchants, and particularly as showing the enor mous variety and number of the raw materials sent yearly lots' this port from every country of the habitable globe. That collection world be hereafter the more attractise to those who bad that day bad the satisfaction of seeing those wonderful ships which curried all this produce, and the mag- silken* warehouses in which it was stored. (llcar.) What ; he desired to impress on attention c.f.'s', and especially ea the attention of the distils/ebbed guests meeting there, we the proof those things afforded of the extent to which the prosperity of this tows and the prosperity of this coup try depend on the welfare of those nations of whom the foreign gentlemen present were the represeutatives. (Loud sheers.) When they considered this. he thought they' would perceive that it was no empty wish when we English men said that we did desire most sincerely their future prosperity, and that they will enjoy all the blessings of order, of liberty, and of commercial IitIeCVSS. (Loud sheers) And lie hoped that they would also see, when we pronounce that wish, that although it was founded on considerations of perfect self-interest, it was combined with higher feelings ; and those higher and nobler feelings had received, he thought, a very great impulse from the cordial manner and goodwill displayed by all foreigners in co-operating with WI for the good and great object of the Exhibition, and from the singular tor. duality of their demeanour while staying among us. (Loud sheers.) Mr. BROWN again rose. He was sure that the noble sari had spoken the sentiments of every Englishman pre- sent. (Cheers.) The foreigners now on us with a degree of kindness that was WI--(cheer4)—aud he hoped that this , last occasion in which, fur the purpose of tion, Englishmen would meet and entertain (Cheers.) He had now to propose the " a , oners," and in wane:ion witn that 31r. ZOlsrah. (Cheers.) Mr. ZOHRAB (who addressed the company in English), responded. Is the name of the foreign isommissioners he returned thanks for the courtesy and honour of the toast He could add nothing to what had been already so elo gamily said in reference to the Great Esltibition. One impression, however, would remain en the minds of foreigners iu this country—an impression of admiration for the illustrious Prince who had conceived the week— work not of to-day, but fur all ages—a work which would have its results hereafter, and by which future generations would benefit; and an impression of wonder at the great nation which bad undertaken and so well accomplished the mar vellous teak. (Great cheering.) Mr. BROWN proposed the " Executive Committee." The Executive Committee was composed of gentlemen to whom they were all indebted for the systematic and satis factoq manner in which they had arranged everything con- ' netted with the Crystal Palace. With the toast he asso ciated the name done of the most zealous and able mem bees of the committee, Mr. Cole. (Cheers.) Mr. COLE said he should have deeply regretted the absence from this entertainment of the chairman of the committee, who, had he been present, would have returned thanks for this toast, if it were not that he (Mr. Cole) had caner the opportunity of revealing a secret which he the host on this occasion would not be willing to make hNwn. The secret was that to the gentleman to whom Ihop were indebted for thin agreeable festivity, was doe, in his (Mr. Cole's) mind, some considerable portion of credit for the origin of the Great Exhibition. He (Mr. Cole) believed that in the moral, as in the political and physical world, we might trace events to a great number of antecedents working toge ther ; and if he might venture to point out any one antecedent , which would be admitted to be legitimately connected with the Exhibition, he would point to that great measure in re lation to letter-postage which his friend on his right hand, Mr. Rowland Hill, had introduced, and the principle of which he was glad to say, all civilised nations had now adopted. That measure, which had so substantially pro duced freedom of commercial communication, had among it: warmest supporters and advocates Mr. William Brown. (Cheers.) There was a little fact in connexion with this subject worthy of notice, as afil wiling an example and a lesson, which we, as Englishmen, might perhaps gain from. Gen tlemen who had been accustomed to wander in the Crystal Palace would have observed in the transept an iron post which the executive committee had round, on examination, to be a ' Belgian Post.ottice. This was sent from Belgium for exhi bition ; and he th night it right to be looked at for instrae tion. When penny-postage was first adopted, Mr. Hill suggested that it would be extremely convenient, if instead of leaving iron posts in towns serving no purpose we cons verted such poste into letter boxes fur all the various streets. He (Mr. Cole) was sorry to say that for reasons which he could not fathom that suggestion with others had never been realised. The Belgians, however, had now shown us what useful things these iron posts might become, and he that the lesson would not be lost. (Hear.) We had as in this country that one good turn deserves another ; sad as he thought we owed the Exhibition in a groat measure to penny postage, and as penny postage had still a good many points to realise, he would state what the Exhi bition would return in favour of penny postage. lie had to announce, as he considered legitimately proceeding from the Exhibition, that an association had been formed to carry out the spirit of international communication and concord by introducing a cheap universal rate of postage. (Cheers.) The representative of France, Baron Bum; the represwitative of Russia, M. de licajue; and the repre sentative of Austria, M.Wolowski; and Lord Ashburton, Mr. W. Brown, and others, had engaged, each in their own coun. try, to promote this most desirahle object, and to impress on their own government., and on all governments, the advan tiro that would arise from perfect freedom of international communication by means of letters. (Cheers.) Each of the gentlemen who were here the representatiees of foreign coun tries, and who had engaged in this matter, would carry back to their own nation an earnest desire to forward the good work or friendship already begun, by means of a sure oud facile mode of letter communication. (Cheers.) Mr. Cole concluded by returning Blanks. Mr. BROWN next proposed "The Mayors of the Southern Division of Lancashire. " Mr. BENT, the Mayor of Liverpool, acknowledged the compliment. He iutimsted that he would be delighted to receive the company later in the evening at the Town-hall. Mr. BROWN gave the health. of Mr. Paxton and of Mr. Fox. These gentlemen were entitled to thanks—the one for designing a new order of architecture, and the other for having executed it. (Cheers.) Were there nothing in connexion with the Great Exhibition but the building which contained it, the Crystal Palace would still he a place of wonder. (Cheers.) He trusted that the beautiful fabric would never be pulled down. (Cheers.) It ought to remain as a monument to the honour of the projectors of the Exhibition, and to the commemoration of the event. (Cheers.) With the toast, neither Mr. l'axton nor Mr. Fox being present, he would connect the name of Mr. Locke, a gentleman engaged in the game profession as Mr. Fox. Mr. LOCKS, M.P.. said that having witnessed the de velopment of immense engineering works, he felt qualified to give the opinion that for purity and taste the Crystal Pal.we was perfect, and that for the speed and excellence of the execution the building stood unrivalled and un paralleled. (Cheers.) Mr. BROWN —The next tout which he hail to give was " l'he jurors." The juror. bad a difficult task to perform and he was satisfied that their only society was to be mnetly just, and to give satisfaction. (Hear, hear.) The obstacles which they had to encounter were almost Msgr. mountable. Every man thought his own child the finest is the world ; hut every man did not take into account t at every other man was of the same opinion as himself. (Laughter.) Let the best be looked for; and thanking the jurors for their assiduous labours, let it be hoped that eventually satisfaction would be given. (Hear, hear.) Dr. HERMANN responded, speaking in German, and apologising fur the language by suggesting that good Ger man was far better than bail English, even among English men, The jurors were anzious to do and would do their duty. But they did not expect in every case to give meals faction, and the utmost they looked for was such a reference to their labours as had been just made by Mr. Brown. In the working of the juries he had seen the display of that quality which had given England her greatnem —untiring energy in the concentration of will and skill upon a particu ler point. (Cheers.) In this way she had extended . her dominion into every corner of the earth, and by the development of this her great principle of ',Bon. she was now fulfilling her mission. (Cheers.) What foreigners had seen in England they would not for get, and thus. he believed, the Exhibition would have pro duced practical moral benefit to all mankind. (Cheers.) Mr. BROWN gave next, as a toast, " Success to the mes dertakings of all men of letters and science, engineers gad mechanics, whose heads and whose hands have added imp measurably to the social comforts of mankind." The name of M. Be Beyne was associated with the toast ; but that gentleman had left the saloon, and the "sentiment" was not responded to. Mr. BROWN gave "Peaceful Commerce, may it ever flourish, to carry religion and civilisation into the remotest corners of the world." M. WOLOWSKI responded, addressing the company in haw& He said he echoed heartily this prayer for peace eat Inr commerce ; and he considered that such a toast was elms wed might he drunk with peculiar appropriateness in some of the Chief emporiums of commerce. (Hear, hear.) Commercial communications hare been the essential condi ' tion of the universal Exposition. They bad made the world 1 acquainted with its own productions, and they had enabled England to achieve the collection in London of the mar- venous results of the works of every people. (Cheers.) By commercial communications also, the material, moral and political benefits of the Great Exhibition would be re ileetrd from England on other lands. (Cheers.) Would it, not suffice, to give a familiar illustration, to look round that table at which the splendid hospitality of Mr. Brown had seated them, to appreciate the consequence of commerce ? , hide by side with the generous wines of France, of Ger many. of Spain, and of Portugal, they saw the luxurious' ise supplied to them by America; and further to gratify , their appetites, they gut condiments from Jamaica and 1 manger from Malta; while the Indies furnished them with sugar and with cayenne to perfect the already exqui site dishes. (Cheers and laughter.) But commerce did more than add to ease and multiply nearies—it fur 1 nished to the masses of nations the means of exist- ence. (Cheers.) Commerce afforded all people the means of profiting morally and materially by their natural riches i or by those riches which their genius might have enabled ' them to conquer ; and universally it softened, ameliorated, and elevated the condition of man. (Cheers.) He eon-' reseed that he had experienced a double embarrassment in °, replying to the toast. In the first place, he was speaking a language comparatively strange to England, but at the • same time it seemed to him that this mingling of tongues an this occasion was an additional evidence of the good re-' lotions which were being established among different coun tries. (Cheers.) Beyond this he was somewhat ember- foomod, of a representative of France, inasmuch as in PIMP thefe was not as vet that appreciation of a! Wm coormorcial system which prevailed here. The 1 thameht, however, did not entirely discourage him. lbw traneformations were not to be effected in • algr. Each nation had need of an education I se its own. (Cheers) France was progressini towards thledmn of commercial communications. (Cheers. France bad but to raven the maxims of one of the most illustrious of her statesmen, the great Sully, who understood well the true element of the prosperity of his country. Sully bad said that God, ingiving to different lands di ff erent praducts, and so compelling commerce, had commanded fraternity among flagons. (Cheer-.) Sully was right. The moral influence of commerce was at least as great as its material in fluence, (Hear. hear.) To the toast of •• The armies and navies of the great na tions of the earth—may they ever meet as friends, not as foes, to co-operate for some great public good," Col. JOHN. sox (of the United States) responded. To the toast of '' The world', com:nercial tleet —may it continue to navigate the ocean, free from war's alarms, &c.," the Chevalier Litectea (of Sardinia). responded. Next was proposed the ' health of Captain West, the commander of the Atlantic aboamor, which was heartily honoured and briefly re tussiod to, NM GRANVILLE then gave the health of Mr. Brown. les. BROWN returned tbauks. He expressed the sat o - Imam with which he had received his guests, 41;4 his rester that on account of the short notice which, eieeuni. Nantes had rendered unavoidable, *We gitiats were not ; give them a few figures illustrative of the impid_plegrele of this remarkable town. In the reign of Charles IT. they had but fifteen Teasels sailing from the Mersey, the total ton nage of these being only 2,560 tons. lathe time of Queen Anne their vessels had increased only to the number of 170. The number of vessels they now could boast of every I gentleman had an opportunity of ascertaining in the course of that day. (Cheers.) In 1756 their dock clues only amounted to 2,2001., in 1801 they had risen to 28,0001., and, last year, they amounted to 230,0001. Their ducks now covered between two and three huadred acres, and had been built at a cost of 10,000,0001. (Cheers.) In 1700, the population of the whole county was but 1170,000. Lancashire, now, bad a population above'. 2,000,000. The increase in Liverpool itself had been even still more remarkable. In 1700 the population was only 6,000. In 1801 it was 78,000. In 1851 it was about half a million. (Cheers.) In 1760 it took four days to go by coach from Liverpool to London. In 1851 Liverpool was only six hours distant from London; and not more than 10 days' distance from New York. (Cheers.) Commixes had effected this, and all that had followed this. Ile be lieved that commerce was, in this country, suggesting new international relations in the world ; and he hoped that the new spirit would be daily strengthened. (Cheers ) At about half-past nine o'clock, Mr. Brown gave the signal for departure; and the company hurriedly bid good bye to Captain West and his splendid ship, got on board the pigmy steamer lying alongside the Atlantic, and made all haste to shore and to the Town-hall. The arrangements of the Mayor had been even less matured than those of Mr. Brown; but with all the speed used, there was nothing wanting which could render the reception of the guests emphauc, or enhance the proper dignity of his worship end • THE 1 -. EXPRESS, SATURDAY. : _ • - ...4.-.4, 1 a our shores had et re nu --- 1 .1. E I connec frith bra i • 41 most satisfac Shad ' to reo of u gled Ili was by no me lid h " that the stal PAWN, or ra lir r. ' eof a si* law \Raid • P P (sheen) --lirould didn' t had „, rta i a f a , s e th belch di nationlmseh other's Wortle—;l 1.. Foreign Commis- .(e ors)— ile they woe all see that international friend. ' I toast, the health of ship was desirable from higher motives than those of self- ..1 interest. (Cheers.) In Liverpool they saw the triumphs ',l mammy in English), 'of commerce ; and beforesentlemen If ft t h e table he would 1 _ , the town. About 1,200 invitatior.s had been sent out to the merchants, bankers, professional men, and constituents of the council, no invita. ions having been sent to ladies, and at least 1,000 gentlemen were present. The extensive suite of admirable rooms of the hall were thrown open ; cards and music were provided ; and an unobjectionable cold collation, enriched by a princely profusion of costly wines, completed the preparations for a pleasant evening. The soiree passed off as soirees usually do. The Mayor moved ' affably among the guests introduced to him by Mr. Brown, and made individual communications of the honour done him and the town, which were, no doubt, satisfactory. But he very justly decided that there ought to be no " public speaking;" and the evening was, therefore, got through without a single oration. At 12 o'clock the company departed. This evening they have returned to London— either by tae direct route or round by the Menai Straits and the Britannia Tube. Thus has ended a very remark able fete. TO THE RIGHT HON. LORD CAMPBELL My Lord,—l take the liberty of addressing the present letter to your lordship, feeling confident you will be glad to receive any information likely to correct the mis ' apprehensions under which you appear to labour respecting the construction, stability, and suitableness of the Crystal Palace to be retained as a permanent building. From your lordship's reported speech in the House of Peers on Friday last, it appears you had founded your principal objections to the building remaining as a winter park and garden upon information derived from an anony mous pamphlet, very much calculated to mislead you, and which, if true, would furnish grave objections to the con tinuance of the structure for the purposes I have sug gested. The errors to which I allude are these—That the building as at present constructed k not stable enough to be put to any permanent use, being both frail and transient; and that the only way to preserve it would be to take the whole of it down and rebuild it. That two-thirds of the columns of support are made of wood, which will in a short time perish, and the girders being of the same, are only calculat e d to endure for ono season. That the sashes and other portions of wood-work would endure only for a very limited period, and would then have to be replaced at a great cost. In adding my corrections to these mistakes, I might just mention that, from the very commencement, whin pre paring my original plans of the building, my views were to make it in every way suitable to be appropriated to a per• manent use, which fact I mentioned to Lord Brougham, and many others; the entire frame-work and strength of the structure, as it now stands, is, therefore, composed of wrought and cast iron, fixed securely together, and firmly bedded in a concrete foundation, and with ordinary atten tion to painting, this, the most important part of the edifice, will last for ages to come, with but little repairs of any kind being necessary. Every column on which the house rests is made of iron • the intermediate ones in the exterior row arc merely placed there for effect, and todivide the sashes, but have nothing to do with the support or stability of the building. All the girders which form part of the frame-work and security of its structure are composed of wrought and east iron. There are some wooden girders, but they are only introduced for effect. Of the permanence of wooden sashes and other wood work, if kept properly painted and attended to, we have sufficient experience to be able to form a go od opinion ; there are some hothouse lights at Chatsworth which have at least been in constant use for upwards of one hundred years, and appear likely to endure fur a long time to come. My estimate of duration for the sash and glass work of the Crystal Palace is 50 years, but in my statement of the expenditure provision was made for a renewal every 2d years. However, with care and attention, my belief is that 100 years would be nearer the reality. The duration of woodwork depends very much upon its position and the at tention paid to it. We must not forget that many of our most enduring public buildings have wooden roofs ; for instance, Westminster Hall, Lincoln's Inn Hall, and the dome of St. Paul's, all of which are still in excellent pre servation. In order to render the building as it now stands fit for a winter garden considerable expenses must be incurred, an estimate of which I shall shortly be able to lay before the public ; but without at this time entering into financial particulars, I am convinced that when once formed the after expense for maintenance could be easily sustained without a public grant, sod that the terms of admission could be made such as to suit the position and wants of all classes of individuals. I have the honour to be, my Lord, Your lordship's obedient servant, JOSEPH PAXTON. 36, Gloucester-place, Portman-square, July 14, ISSI. WHAT SHALL BE DONE WITH THE CRYSTAL PALACE ? j which, !a pri. .~ ~ . JULY 19, 1851. A MEDICAL MAN'S PLEA FOR A WINTER HARDEN IN THE CRYSTAL PALACE. Under this title we have a pamphlet (published by Mr. Van Voorst), in which the writer ezhibits a very important aspect of the question now in debate relative to the Crystal Palace. The author says : 4 ' The unhealthiness of London may be estimated by the fact that, although the proportion of marriages among its citizens is.greater far than among the population at !are ,c the births which result are actually fewer, and the deaths more numerous; thus : Pawns mar- Births to 100 Death, to 1812. ried to too males and 100 110 persons persons living. female. Befog. living. In all England 1.541 6.400 1. - :09 In London 1.931 4.055 2.363 The annual mortality per cent. being : Living to I.lvlng to one death. one death. Males. Females. 314 es. Females. In England 2.2;0 2.104 44.1 47.2 In London Results which nothing else than a condition of health highly unfavourable to the Londoners can possibly explain. " And in effect, when we examine into the remarkable, and apparently discrepant results here displayed, we find them to depend upon causes strictly atmospheric; that is to say, upon the prevalence of those diseases which affect the air paNsagcs, and upon the ills incidental to an impure at mosphere and over-crowded dwellings. Thus, of all the deaths which occur annually in London, somewhat more than one-third are caused by tubercular and respiratory diseases, while in the rest of England the proportion te about one-fourth. Deaths from tubermilurikod Deaths from respirat.Jry all comes. In England (excluding London) 360.3J3 In [union 6x , 414 21,692 "Now it is to be carefully obs erve d th a t, although these causes are most in operation during the winter months, Deaths from tubercular and rcepiratoty diseases In the sum mer quartirs of ei 3 O (lanulun) Deaths from tubercular sad impdratory diseases In the win ter quarters of 1830 (Lannon) they appear to origivate leas in the inclemency of the wea ther than in circumstances which affect the purity and quantity of the air we breathe. For, referring to the re turns from a suburb, unusually exposed, but healthy in other respects, we find that, at Hampstead, the annual mortality per cent. of males under five years of age is 6 . 286, and of females, 4.918, while in the warmer but crowded district of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, it is no less than 12.058 among males and 9.140 among females—a fearful dispropor tion—which, however, does not prove that a cold air is good, but that no rigour of climate can compete, as a source of disease, with the effects of close confinement to limited and crowded areas and a corresponding deprivation of pure air. THE ATTENDANTS AT THE BRITISH MUSEUM AND THE GREAT EXHIBITION. "The object of the respiratory process in warm-blooded animals, it is well known, is to extricate from the body car honk acid, the product of the decay and waste which the tissues are constantly undergoing ; and air-breathing ani mals are supplied with a simple apparatus to effect this. Their external skin is reflected inwards, and forms passages and chambers into which the air they inhale is received, and on the walls of which the blood, containing the carbon of the system, is distributed ; this apparatus constitutes the lungs. When the animal inspires, the chambers become gently distended with air, and the blood, hitherto dark from the presence of carbon, becomes red. It has exchanged its carbon fur the oxygen of the fresh air, and is fitted, by this momentary contact and interchange, to renew the decay and waste which arc constantly taking place in every organ of the body. " Now, through the lungs of an adult man not less than 00,000 cubic inches of air must pass in the twenty-lour bun; that is, an adult shut up in a room of twenty-four feet square (by no means a small room), will have breathed the whole contents of the chamber four times over at the end (lithe first twenty-four hours of his confinement. The at mosphere then surrounding him would not be in the same state as when he entered the chamber, for he would have consumed nearly all the oxygen it contained, and exhaled in its place a quantity of gas highly deleterious to life—a quan tity sufficient, in fact, to furnish a weight of not leas than eight ounces troy of actual carbon. The aeration of the blood would by this time have become impeded, and by and by would be actually suspended ; as it is, it is no longer reddened by contact with such an atmosphere, but, black and impure, continues a languid circulation till the hue of health has fled and the skin assumed a sallowness approach ing to lividity. Were the experiment carried far enough, the individual would actually die asphyxiated. It is more to our purpose, however, to stop it at this point, for it illus trates, exactly, the effect produced upon human beings who exist—we cannot say, live—from year's end to year's and in houses insufficiently ventilated. " Thus, it has been calculated that a London child, a real denizen of the place—of necessity and on account of the weather and the state of his health, together, passes a period in the house equal to about eleven months in every year, i. e. he is sot out of doors for more than three hours s-day, during 250 of the 36-5 days which compose the year. Is it wonderful, then, knowing as we now do the inevitable consequences of such confinement, that his skin assumes the characteristic pallor and sallowness we have described ; and that, after a sufficient time, he himself becomes the sub ject of one or more of those diseases which we hare shown are mainly instrumental in his destruction ? Those whose lot it is to contemplate and to combat the influences of such an existence are prepared for what they find in the Regi strar-General's reports of the mortality among London chil dren; but the public generally, we venture to state, are quite unconscious that, of all the children born in London, nearly one-sixth of the whole number die before they have attained the age of one year, and one-third be fore the age of five years; and that these re sults are so different from those obtained from certain open, and known healthy, parts of the country, that the chances of a London child, as compared with those of a rustic in these districts, are not more than as nine to four teen. Thus, at Toubridge, a proportion nearly equal to one-ninth of the whole population die before the age of one year, and one-fifth before the age of five years. " The figures are— _ . _ TO THE EDITOR OP THE EXPREVI. rely upon your accustomed liberality for the insertion of This, my application on behalf of a very worthy body of men (viz.), the attendants of the British Mu seum. Every frequenter knows of this national institution, and I am sure fully appreciates the attention and courtesy shown by these men at all times, and sometimes in very try ing seasons, and their energies are more particularly called forth this summer by the unusual influx of visitors, and the opening of the Museum to the public two extra days in each week. _ . I am sure then his Royal Highness Prince Albert, and the gentlemen composing the great commission will feel surprised when they learn that the trustees of this in stitution have not only not volunteered a few days holiday to the men to view the " worlds show," but have (as I am credibly informed) actually refused a petition from the men to that effect. _ . Pray, am, see what you can do for them. I am, sir, your obedient servant, July 16. A READER. (from the Lewd.) This is a question now asked in every quarter, and by all ranks of society. The reply, that no Ooth, Vandalic, or sacrilegious hands, will ever be permitted to pull down se fairy-like sad beautiful a structure, is almost unanimous. Such being the state of public feeling, it appears wholly superfluous to adduce any arguments on th e subject ; the only point now remaining at issue being, how to appro priate the building most advantageously. This we propose discussing on the present occasion ; and so any inquiry of that kind involves important hygienic principles, interest ing to the entire community, their investigation conse quently come. within the legitimate province of a medical journal. • Considering the variable character of our climate, espe cially during winter and spring, and the advantages of pos sessing a locality of sufficient extent, where all may be able to breathe an atmosphere untainted by smoke, and of equable temperature, whatever may be th e prevalent 1 weather, besides having a place in which the eye is grad ' fled by the sight of plants and flowers at all seasons, whilst the mind may be at the same time improved by con templating the products of nature, interesting works of art, and the great results of human ingenuity, the proposi tion of converting the Palace of Olass into a perpetual garden and museum, containing the productions of various climes, is decidedly the most feasible, and if carried out judiciously would prove highly advantageous. To invalids, and especially to tie rising generation, who will soon become the artisans, professional men, and future le. gislaton of England, an establishment of the kind proposed would be truly invaluable, seeing that all might then take exercise and be in structed by surround ing objects, without exposure to the vicissitudes of season, whilst protected from harm—so liable to happen in crowded metropolitan thoroughfares. In addition to these advantages, the contemplation of nature in all its beauty, embellished by art and science, which a pro perly arranged garden or museum alw a y s roduces upon the minds of visitors, would likewise have a beneficial in fluence upon the feelings and intellectual faculties, not only of those who came for study or mental recreation, but also on persons attracted thither for the sole purpose of physical enjoyment. But although it seems by no means desirable to convert the proposed garden into a mere receptacle fur invalids, or to make it • large nursery for the juvenile population of London, no individual will deny, wen it even used chiefly for; such purposes, that the plan would still constitute a great boon to every member of the commonwealth. To the former class, such as dyspeptic, hypochondriac, and nervous persons of both sexes, who are often afraid to go out of doors, parti cularly in doubtful weather, lest they should cat c h co ld or sutferinjury to health, • promenade of the kind proposed would often prove highly unative; whilst to young people an hour or two spent in bodily movem en t, when breathing pure air, and admiring surrounding objects, could not be otherwise than invigorating to the': physical frames and mental faculties. Deaths Meths under One under Five Births. Tear. Years. In Loudon 53,319 5,003 10,5(4 la Zeeland la Tunbridge__ " Nor is there any discrepancy between these figures and what we actually observe in practice. Sir Jas. Clark, speak ing of children not hereditarily predisposed to tubercular diseases (which, we may mention, include consumption and scrofula), says, •If a child be confined to rooms in which free ventilation is neglected, a few months will often suffice to induce tuberculous cachexia. The countenance will become pale, the flesh soft, the limbs emaciated, the abdomen tumid, and the evacuations foetid and unnatural. The external lymphatic glands, especially those of the neck, will enlarge, and the child will speedily fall a victim to tuberculous disease. . If this is the case,' he goes on to say, 'in a strong infant, the offspring of healthy parents, and perfectly healthy at its birth, how much more certainly and rapidly will the same effects be produced in the feeble infant of unhealthy parents ?' Again, In the confined districts of large and populous cities, where neither pure air nor sufficient light can enter the buildings, the food of the inhabitants cannot be assimilated, even though the supply be unexcep tionable. " Mans. Baudelocque speaks still more strongly Tclle est la veritable cause, la scule cause, petit-etre, de la ma- Adis scrophuleuse. . . . Partout oa it y tides scrophu leax canes estate ; que partout oil elle existe it 3 , a des serophaleux, et que la oa elle manque Is maladie scrophu leuee tent pas canoe.' "Do these things admit of a remedy? We think it must be at once admitted that they do not. So long as 2,500,000 human beings continue their endeavours to exist u pon _ the volume of air afforded them by the present area of London, so long will they continue to languish, and so surely will they die prematurely. The limited utility sanitary mea sures, too, which have for their object the mere purification of the air, will now become apparent—they cannot purify what there is not. " But although no radical cure offers itself, we have ideas our reach a prophylactic of great power. If we Sere et enlarge the scope of our London atmosph ere , we am a t least, baffle the destroyer, by coaxing the crowded bislitants out of their houses, and 17 means of our parks sol open spaces, so . spreading the living mass for a Am loan of certain auspicious days in the year, is to send them home, for the nonce, invigorated sal refreshed. Could we get them out on every day of the pm; could we turn any portion of our pares and open quo into protected exercuing grounds, available at all vows el the year; could we make these exercising pow& perfectly pervious to a large body of moving and •sg air ; could we secure for this contained air a anisette and standard temperature, and a constant hygro metric condition ; could we insure this during the Ave Imam in the year that our children are immured in and our invalids hermetically sealed alf is twig bers—we should then, we believe, bo oh. mining for them as much as the nature of their situutta k and the inevitable conditions we have just considerra, aga pmeibly permit them to enjoy. " And all these conditions we have tho authority of competent persons for statin g are perfectly attain' &big. should the public intimate Its desire to see them combined in the Crystal Palace. It is unnetesearj to enter at greater length, eith er into the gene: a l benefits such a winter garden would indubitabl7 produce, or into the details which appear accessa:y to carry out that project. Nevertheless, tid. coasting the principle of making the establishment self-supporting, the pries of admission should be so moderate as to render it accessible to the million, with perhaps one or two days for exclusives ; whereby its usefulness would be much more extended, and the pleasure derived at the same time diffused to the widest possible range. Another suggestion of moment, ...on made by, sante parties, deserves more thad "It will.he et n read' *at we Ililv• carefully confined , peace was concluded,hereturnedhome with a warm teelingof -,4 notice, viz., the orapoml of admitting equestrians I ourselves to these points in our argument which gratitude towards those heroic men, for he felt, to use an ag ...min itsi ',rejects. To any proposition of teat kind there • have appeared to us of ' paralnenht Hygienic ink- ricultural phrase, Olat e?. stoek could not be a feel 030 when are mint serious objections. Indeed, in our estimation, the ; portauce, and that we have need no rhetoric more persua- the produce was so goal . (Great cheering and laughter.) 4 greden ought to be exclusively restricted to pedestrians, Sive than a few figures. We desire cipreesly to state, too, Ile would ask all who heard him, if it did not make a great ' - add those using wheeled chairs, w h o , b e i ng invalids, • that we have no wish to see the Crystal Palace converted difference to u country. that tie: town population should be ',cannot otherwise enjoy locomotion. N o an i ma l s what- into so exc l us ive resort for invalids. We have even a hoe- orderly, rather than otherwise, and if it was not moot ins. ever should bo allowed to enter, since they conta- ror of the very name of moltarium, and arc writing not portant to the rural districts that the labourers should tar mjnate the atmosphere, and would besides prove a great for a class, but fur the public at large. If wo have used God, honour the Queen, and do their duty to their neigh : 11‘1141111qe :to the general company. To change the glass I exclusive arguments, it is because we felt that, by our me - hours as they wished to be done by . (Cheers.) He was palace intim immense riding-school, or to make it only I dical exprience we could tho better illustrate and plead happy to say he was acquainted with many of the lower another Rotten-row under cover, would be a most disagre e - th e necess iti es Of every one of our fellow-citizens. !classes who followed these precepts, and these persons wire able nonoyance ; and to permit parties whom a f a c e ti ous l 44 W ere th e Crystal Palace, however, at our disposal, not only happier in themselves, at b y their g ood c onduct I daielnea calls " fast women in wide-awakes " to canter ; together with the surplus thousands in the hands of the they were promoting the best interests of society at large. amt, to be ogled at by ancient and juvenile bcaux,whether i Royal Commissioners, we would go much further than (Cheers.) i samelisre or on foot, is wholly inadmissible. Against such a either llenarius or Mr. Paxton. We would have, in addi- 4 The meeting was afterwanls addressed by Colonel Chal we enter our protest, and hope it will never be I tioa to the shrubs and fountains—both of great utility as loner, Captain Bulkeley, the Marquis of llownshire, Mr. Equestrians of all degrees at present possess ; agitators and renovators of the air—springs of living water ; Hudson, Mr. Beeville, and others, and the proceedings toelb for manoeuvring in the park rides or Reusing- I for personal use. We would sinks wells in the Crystal closed as they began, iu perfect order and propriety. , where they have already become sufficiently Palace, and establish a system of baths, which would cons- 1 to nursery maids and rld ladi e s. T o th ese bi ne a ll t h a t i s d es i ra bl e in th e spas of Germany with all that I taddisettlo regions they ought to confine their future feats. is decent in the Roman Therms. We would have a copious The promoo striders in the Crystal Palace would disturb and well-arranged library and reading-rooms, retiring and Ifts podloirialo, besides being a desecration. reclining-rooms, couches for repose disposed about thebuild ins, hand.carriages of every description, and a scale of re. freshments so liberal and complete, as to furnish those who would spend the whole day in the place with the most ample means of doing so. "ITo the owners and occupiers of the houses in the neigh bourhood we would say—would that we were in your posi tion : as owners, on accouut of the increased value which we should expect our property to acquire ; and as occupiers in our contiguity to such a winter park as we are sure Mr. Paxton can make for us. The crowd which now throngs about the transept and takes shelter under our porticoes, sad the omnibuses which distract us, the policemen, the symposium, and the dust, we sho uld expect to disappear, one by one, and to find ourselves, at no very distant period, entire masters of the situation." GARDENING OPERATIONS FOIL TILE ENSUING WEEK. From the Gardener's l'hreasiere. rIANT DEPAILTIIENT. Do not allow any of the transient summer beauties to remain in the flower-houses longer than they arc orna mental; and those which have been grown as annuals, to serve merely for a season, should be thrown away when they cease to be useful ; fur if kept beyond a certain stage, they only engender filth, and harbour insects. That portion of the Gloxinias Achimenes, and other bulbs requiring a season of rest, which are now becoming shabby hi appear ance, should be placed in a close frame, where they can be ripened off by gradually diminishing the quantity of water. It is seldom necessary to extend this care to the whole of the stock, as a few of the best puts of each kind will furnish enough to work from next year. Take care that these plants are correctly labelled before the foliage is destroyed; and mention on the label the date when put to rest, that they may be excited in the same rotation next year. By going over the stock in this manner, more room will be gained for those plants which are being grown Ihr autumn and winter. These should enjoy a rather freer admission of air during the day, that they may be gradually loured to a cooler temperature than that in which they have been growing for the last three months. The same course of treatment must be pursued with stove phntii in general, especially with those which have completed a growth for next year's flowering ; these may be placed on the spare shelves of a greenhouse, from which the plants have been removed. In this situation they must have abundance of air, except when the weather is cold or windy. Greenhouse plants require similar attention in everything except tempera ture, which should be kept as low as possible, unless for plants which it is desirable to bring quickly into flower. On fine afternoons syringe overhead with a lure rose all plants which are under artificial covering. In fine warm nights it will be of great benefit to remove the glass or other cover ing, that the plants may be refreshed by the evening dew; and also during warm, gentle summer showers. Some of the earliest specimens of the lilium lancifolium and varieties will soon be coining into flower. Place them in a situation in the conservatory where the sun's rays will not act too powerfully upon them. Supply them with sufficient water, and occasionally with liquid manure, that their flowers may be prolonged, and enhanced in brilliancy ; and also that their foliage may be preserved. FORCING DEPARTMENT. rINERIES.—Give every encouragement to those plants which are now showing and swelling, by means of a moist high day temperature, and good bottom head, and by shad ing during very warm weather. If the quantity of fruit which has already made its appearance is inadequate to meet your probable requirements during winter, water may fur a short time be withheld from u portion of the plants which are fittest for fruiting. On the other hand, carefully avoid any cheek to those which it is desirable to keep on in a growing state. VlNElttla.—lit the late vineries the grapes which are required to hang till the new year should be well thinned, and the shoulders tied out, so as to ensure a free circulation of air amongst the berries, that their skin and footstalks may be better matured, and less liable to decay during winter. The potting of strawberries for forcing should be proceeded with as soon as the young plants have made sufficient rood to allow of their being transferred to the pots with nice little balls of soil, which will adhere to them if taken carefully up with a curved trowel. We prefer this laying them in small pots, as it saves time and pots, and succeeds perfectly. The soil fur forcing strawbemes should be of rather a strong loamy nature, and have some well rotted cow or horse-dung added to it. Take pains to make the drainage very perfect, as it is necessary to give a con siderable quantity of water during their growth through the autumn, and when they are being forced next season; and if the drainage is defective the health of tho plants must suffer. Some gardeners du not pot their plants till Septem ber, hut we prefer doing it as early us we can, placing them at once into the site of pot in which we intend them to fruit, or putting them auto 4 or 5-inch pots, and shifting them, in a fortnight or three weeks, into 7-inch pots. A portion of the healthiest plants of those which were forced last season should be immediately shaken out of the old soil, soaked in water, re-potted in rather larger pots, and set on beds of coal-ashes in an open situation. During the summer the runners must be regularly moved, and the growth of the plants encouraged by occasional waterinFts of liquid manure. As habit becomes a second nature to plants, these strawberries will complete their growth much earlier than those raised from this year's runners; and if carefully attended to, without regard to water, they will be better prepared for an early excitement. FLOWEIi. O•I.DEN AND 811e1111EllIES. Those who can spare time for budding roses will, of course, be busy with that operation, selecting moist wea ther for the purpose. Very inseresting specimens for the flower-garden may be created by budding sonic of the choicer perpetuals, Bourbons, and other autumn-flowering varieties, upon the strung young shoots of the climbing species, which have formed such attractive objects during the last few weeks. By allowing a portion of the spurs of the original variety to remain, a pleasing succession of bloom will be obtained from early summer to late autumn. The propagation of hardy plants should now be energe tically proceeded with. After the smaller matters, such as phloxes, antirrhinums, pentstemons, de., are completed, cuttings should be taken off all the choice kinds of roses which it is desirable to increase; and if this is done im mediately they will have time to form tine plants before winter. They will strike pretty freely hi a close frame on the north side of a wall, or even in a shady border without a frame. If iu frames, pull off the sashes every evening, that they may be refreshed by the night dews. We never yet saw a pleasure-ground or flower-garden which contained a superabundance of roses; but we would direct particular attention to the early-flowering climbing roses, than which nothing can be more beautiful when they are tastefully arranged. In selecting the varieties for ex tensive cultivation, those should be chosen which, in addi tion to their beauty, are (Mind most able to endure the severity of the winter unchecked, and which are least liable to be affected with mildew during summer, as varieties differ very much iu both these points, and many arc found to succeed much better in s ome l oca li t i es than in others. FLORISTS' FLOWEILS. PANSIES.—These will require abundant water; and it will often happen at this time of the year that the flowers will come so much out of character as scarcely to be recog nised even by the raisers; we would not advise seed to be gathered froin these interior flowers, but would rather pull them off. Still pipe the latter shoots, these will make neat plants and plenty of them ; in showery weather plant out, on well prepared beds, those which are already rooted; should the weather prove dry, and hot, if possible cover tho bed with hoops and a slight protection of calico; it is much better than giving a great deal of water in this sort of weather. Tulips : If not already done should all be out of the ground; do not remove the loose skin when taking the bulbs up. This is better done when thcyare dry. Dahlias: Let stakes be placed round the plants to which the side shoots may be attached, as they elougat • ; mulch the surface with rotten manure, and give abundance of water. Auri eulas and Polyanthuses : Go over the whole stock ; they will be benefited by stirring the surface soil ; gentle water jugs may be given in the evening, but still retain them in 'their shady situation. Carnations and Picotees are now coming into bloom fast ; tie the buds, slacken those which are too tight, and water freely. ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF ENGLAND. On Thursday the greater portion of the stock that had been brought forward for exhibition was removed from the show-yard, and the remainder in the course of yester day morning. The concluding business of the show was transacted at a meeting of the members in the Guildhall, at which, however, very tow attended. The chair was taken by the Duke of Richmond, the president of tho society, and thanks were unanimously and cordially voted to the Mayor and Corporation of Windsor, and to the local committee ;of the district, for the efficient aid they had afforded in the arrangements; ,and to the Duke of Richmond for his services to the society, both during the period of the show and throughout his year of office. These formal proceed ings terminated the society's business at Windsor, and with it, we may add, terminated the presidentship of his grace the Duke of Richmond ; his successor in that honourable office being the Earl of Dude. The number of visitors to the show yard on Tuesday was 3,000, who paid ds. each for admission; on Wednesday, , when the charge was lowered to 2s. 6d., the visitors amounted to 11,500 ; and on Thursday, the last day of the show, when the price of admission was reduced to Is., the numbers were 18,000. The numbers do not equal the visitors that have attended some of the more purely pro vincial meetings; but the proceeds received from the visits amount to more than on any former occasion, as the charges were higher this sear than they have hitherto been. he dinner to the labourers took place yesterday, when the Duke of Richmond, the Marquis of Downshire, Colonel Challoner, Mr. Hudson, the secretary, and several others of the officials of the society, postponed their return to town at considerable inconvenience to themselves, that they might dine with the labourers. To prevent all occasion for invidious complaint as to the selection of persons who were to be honoured with an invita ti'members on the local committee, among whom the leading were the lion. Alex. Leslie Melville, Captain Bulkeley, J. I G. Bedborough, Esq., Henry Darville, Esq., L. Hare, Esq., de. determined to place the tickets in the hands of the i che derm s i l n o a u t g io h n , s .n iu d N t e h w e • r 0/11 0 1e 1 8 d t s v of in dsoreligion, Eton, belonging Clever, to D al at l surrounding villages, with the simple instructions that they were to be given to the pour and industrious labourers of their respective congregations, whether they were connected with agriculture or with trade. The result of these ar rangements was as interesting an assemblage as was perhaps ever before collected together. Upwards of 1,900 tickets were issued, and, judging from the crowded state of the hall, not ft* of theni appeared to have been unused. The guests con sisted of persons of all ages and of both sexes—all of them Idean and neat in their appearance, every face beaming with happiness and radiant with smiles. They were of a class above the very lowest grade of labour, es was evidenced by their Ming almost all in holiday attire; the women were dressed in plain but clean cotton gowns, and there was scartely a smock-frock to be seen amongst the men. Their behaviour throughout was, upon the whole, most orderly ; their patience was a little tried at the outset by being kept waiting fur the arrival of some of the more distinguished guests—they bore it well; and their hilarity, though loudly expressed, never surpassed the bounds of decency and good order; so it was during the time that the Sew speeches were delivered. As may be supposed, of the two duties of an audience, the cheering was much better end more heartily performed than the listening; but there was no speaker with a voice loud enough to be heard all over the great hall who was not sure of being attentively listened to ; and even with regard to the feeblest, it may be stated that the conduct of the audience would bear a favourable comparison with that of their employers—the tenant-farmers —on the previous Wednesday. When the proceedings were over, no one seemed inebriated—no one showed a disposition to protract his stay at the dinner-table, but all retired at once, hilariously but orderly, to the show-yard adjoining, where the younger portion of the guests amused them. selves with various sports on the green sward ; alter which tea was served to those who wished it, and the festivities were quietly brought to an end. From an early period great eagerness was evinced by the respectable inhabitants of Windsor to be present and witness the proceeding, and the two platforms which on Wednesday contained the friends of the chairman and the vice ehairman, were appropriated for their reception. About five hundred ladies and gentle• men were crowded together upon these platforms, the greater part of whom were °blitzed to stand the whole time the dinner lasted, but who appeared to be too deeply inte rested in the scene before them to feel any inconvenience on that account. There were others who took a more active part in the proceedings. The expense of providing hired waiters for the dinners would have added considerably to the expense of the arrangements. This was obviated in a great measure by putting down on the tables at once all the provisions, consisting of cold beef, mutton, lamb, plum pudding, dm., and leaving the guests to help themselves. Still some superintendence was necessary and this duty was undertaken by the clergy and seven lof the respecta ble inhabitants of Windsor, so that it was no uncommon sight to see a canon of Windsor, or a master of Finn College, rom e cannot table I t:oabr a s :nl iedbl s several o exercise occasad. io n ally f it.: t paro c h ial eraa,ieei ass i s ting epafi fact, bending chn tt anod a c g l tu e lh rg etit:nnl y tiim mi :7e n i , co: : a l ut o ni7n s , . no i ig s :re g tg.lo a icint b ,ogter u hoi ar t : all classes, and the kindly feelings evoked on this occasion labouring poor of Windsor and the neiir , their superiors. htourbood towards The dinner was appointed f or out o'clock, but some de lay was occasioned by th e arrangam eat of the tables and it was not till nearly tw o o'clock de st the Mayor of Wind sor entered the room a n d took eb e chair. Ile was accom panied panied by the Duke of Richuterw - j, the Marquis of Down shire, the lion. Alexander Loeb e Melville, Professor Sewell of Oxford, Admiral Sir Rare rid Jervis, Colonel Challoner, Captain Bulkeley, Mr. J. Bedborough, Rev. Isaac Goa- • smt, Mr. Henry Dazville, 31,r. Hudson, dc. de., who took seats on his right end left. The entrance of these distin guished visitors was haalw . l with loud and repeated cheers. Grace was chaunted by the boys of Trinity Church choir, alter which the 2,000 seats in the body of the hall fell to w ith heart)* Seed - wilt , and the viands, ample as they were, ' disappeared under G,eir vigorous and repeated assaults. The healths of 'net Majesty and of the Royal Family were responded to with the utmost enthusiasm, after which Mr. LZSLII NILLVILLE proposed " The Duke of Rich-' mond, and sue cells to the Royal Agricultural Society of England," which was received with loud cheers. The Duke of Moutons:l returned thanks, andproposed as atbß • OM% " roe Industrious Classes to whom, he w o uld daw v.. es o me larresgely an d dapjy . l:iid u elted. ess he had What g, skilful., honest, and trustwor thy know how men to culvate them ? (Cheers.) And he should like to h eir labourers I wen: to he clothed, if it were not for the mechanics of the eQUntrY; and in times of war he wanted to know whence came the strength of their fleets and armies, but from the industrial classes of the country ? (Cheers.) He had had the good fortune to serve in the late war, and it was there he 'had the first opportunity of becoming acquainted with the real character of the English labourer, and he believed that character was much formed b the atheletic amuse- I molts that took place in England more than in any other country in the world, fur he had ter'ainly seen English soldiers persevere under difficulties that no other army in the world could be brought to encounter. (Cheers) He bad often seen them threw themselves in front of the officers at the risk of their lives, to save their officers from being wounded. (Loud eiteen.) Therefore, when HARDY fiI&RDEN. Suckers should be carefully removed from fruit trees of every description. It is not suffi c ient merely to cut them off level with the surface of the soil, as such a mode of treat ment only causes them to throw up • progeny ten times more numerous. To do the thing properly, the soil should be bared away, and the suckers traced back to their origin and carefully removed with the point of a sharp knife. If any of the stone fruit trees on the walls aro of inferior varieties, they may, if kiud and healthy, he budded with other and better sorts, and especially with such as are found more adapted to the peculiarities of soil and situa ti .n. The same advice applies to apples and pears on walls or otherwise. In all cases strong healthy shoots should ha selected upon which to form the operation. Any young 1 stocks which are sufficiently large fur the purpose should ran budded immediately, and if they fail the stocks can bu cut detrain spring, and grafted. /ITCHY:4 ONILDEN. .....-.._.. - ..... ...... As soon as any crop is removed let the ground be trenched, that an air of neatness may reign over every part of the garden, that insects may be distufued and destroyed, and that the soil may derive the advantages resulting from the action of the atmosphere. If it does not interfere with the methodical rotation of the crops, let the ground be immediately planted or sown ; and in such eases the two operations should proceed sunultaneously, and thus prevent unnecessary treading upon the ground. Give the celery crops one or two good waterurgs with liquid 'manure. Only those rows or beds which are intended fur early use should be earthed up at priment. With rrirard to the main crops, this operation should b e postpr,ned until I the plants have attained full size, when it may be finished I off at once. We find in this a oonsiderable rar:eing of time, I and the celery does not rot in winter. WV,,. n we were in the habit of earthing the winter crops ear 3 ,y i n autumn, we frequently lost entire trenches by its rv.ting during winter; but since we have made it our PrnOtree to defer the opera tion until the end of September or beginning of October, we have lost none, and the qUitP.ty is as good as we can desire `it. We find the same prwate ;e equally good with regard to ,1 carbons. THE CRYSTAL PALACL—The Mayor of Manchester moved, ►nd the Kayor of Salford seconded, at a meeting of the Manchester v ExhibitionCommittee on Thursday, a petition to the effect t7nat the Mass Palace be not removed ; and it was &dap*: with only one dissentient voice.