The Express. — London, England, 1851-09-13 00:00:00

ght exareoo• TO CORK 101'011u liAm. • llwand Widen of Moor." mllealat 1 0 issi• 'Wain% • Orstla," pltd.hol ivory Turday sod nwiy ow. la UMW ler pout. Ibrawsuprasmolafasiid "Tim 'Arno." Looks Vogul pop., man be se do tillso. 1, 90111WWW•i/t, by TWO Iledeek IS the HIGH WATER Al LONDON ERIDGE. Tsts Ms—Nara. la. 46e....-...Atisrasin. SI. Ma 0. II r. Afteraele. 41. LONDON, SATURDAY. SEPTEMBER 13. Ante many postponements and delays, the ques tion has at length been put and carried, that the old House of Commons he dissolved, and forthwith scat tered to the four winds of heaven. Never more will the aggregate wisdom of three nations assemble again in the dusky afternoons of February, or the sultry evenings of July, in the wooden shed where for some dozen years they have done the business of the country. The mace and the red boxes, and the Speaker's chair, have many weeks since vanished *cm the superseded scene 80 long dignified by their presence; and little has of late remained hut half worn leather cushions, several hundred feet of low backed oaken benches, the ponderous central table, and the coma-nut matting on the floor. And these have now—their day of honour past—been contume liously sold without reserve to the highest bidders in a miscellaneous crowd of brokers, jobbers, and dealers in convertible lumber. °inverted into manifold and marvellous devices for the extraction of money from the pockets of mud mental buyers of hous e . furniture, we have no doubt these mortal remains of ah imperial senate-house will be. The authentic hack of the old Treasury bench, and the identical rail against which the leaders of whig and tory oppositions alternately leaned—when moulded and metamorphosed into heaven knows what forms, will probably prove the means of abstracting a certain number of guineas from the pockets of credulous purchaaers ; and if the demand should be brisk, we don't see any limit to the supply. Con noisseurs are often done by the adroit manufacturers of original pieurts ; how much more easy and re munerative must be the trade in relics of the House of Commons, if people would only believe, and buy in faith, nothing doubting? Sot somehow we fear that the political remi niscences of the last few years are not calculated to amuse much of romantic interest. The age grown prosaic, and parliamentary memories are sadly unpoctical. The age of chivalrous conflict is gone by. It is said we have no longer great debaters. 1k the merits of our Lord JoitNs, and Sir Roamers, and Mr. iii.NJAMINS what they may as compared with the warily hones of the olden time, it is certain that every day in the onward progress of the nation, less and lens depends upon "an eloquent gentleman," or his "singularly impressive speech." Add to this the fact that of those whose names will be remembered twenty yearn hence, who ever sat or spoke in the timber tabernacle about to be broken up by the ham mer of the auctioneer, the majority have al ready adjourned to the more shapeless and less comfortable habitation of cut stone, which the lavish Mr. MILKY has built, unbuilt, and rebuilt again for their tineuvommodation and the erratic ment of all foreign beholders. So that, in point of fact, there is hardly an individual whose senatorial celebrity ran properly be identified with the tem ps -try . 'sillily, save the one and only genuine be liever in protection —l.ord Grown: JIENTINCK—for, although he had been a member of several parlia ments previous to the burning of old St. Stephen's chapel, it was within the makeshift chamber that he first esrayed to lead a party or to raise the stand ard of a separate cause. Champion and cause have alike passed away, and the place of their fruitless though vehement bfiruggle shall henceforth know them 1111 more. On the around hitherto occupied by the unpieturerque but snug and commodious House of iiiii nowise we ere gravely informed that the stir enstiearehiteet means, to erect " a screen for the House of lordr." We agree for once with Mr. BARRY. The &trembly of self-elected and nominated representa tives arose Is girluttre wase will shortly expire have served chiefly as " a screen" for the obstinacy and folly of the Hoare of Lords. The intervention of push shelter is about to be removed, and the preten sions; of hereditary right are likely to need all the 1,14(.0 ion that I,,ligree in freestone can afford them. There is one point. however, on which we are disposed to be a little inquisitive. We mean no ottirwe, but really we cannot help say ing that we think a great opportunity has been lost in the pee-ant instance for materially im proving the migrated House it Commons. Why, we any was the occasion allowed to slip for asthma rid of the userl-up senators as well as the awibalo mat..? Can any intelligent person doubt that the 1111 A. of s andand prompt legislation would hate n uuuh more advanced by selling the old Iconic by auction than disposing in this way of merely the old benches? It won't do to say that tiny would have brought nothing in the rummage sale. Not to mention the price at which they value themselves, and what may be done by judicious puf fing, it should lie remembered that the managers of the clubs to which they belong would notoriously have given twice as much to buy them out as they were formerly induced to squander in buying them in. We don t like going into particulars, or men tioning names, hut there arc few public journalists who have endurirl the horrors of sham-protectionist, debuts% of three nights in succession, who will not in his brat agree with us in deploring that the occasion wear not seized for " a great sacrifice' of articles " gone rather out of fashion, but still quite as good as ever they were." If unfit for any immediate 1114 e at home, they might be made up in lots for foreign markets, where steady and trust-' worthy NenatoN are, it is said, scarce and few, and with ulnae exalted mien who profess to be •• only responsible to Goa," these supernumerary meutnens of our conservative parliament would of course act in perfect harmony. But regrets are idle : the bores are all left on hand; nothing but the harmlear benches have been cleared away • and but for the hope of the promised reform bill, we should almost be inclined to despair. WE would most respectfully draw the attention of Lord Chancellor 'Ennio. in the learned leisure of his vacation, to the destruction and sinking of the Bra zilian smack .%malia, as detailed in L hunday's Er press. by one of her MUMS'S ships of war, whilst that craft was in August last trading from Rio Janeiro to a small port along the coast which, having jut been raised to the dignity of a city of empire, had. in celebration of the honour, adorned its old name a little. And we would do so, because the ppecasseenat Lord Keeper of the Queen's Conscience die. tiiguubed himself in the year 1843, when one of the leaders of her MAJESTY'S opposition, by the zeal ona and resolute manner in which he resisted the AM under which that (mbar and violence has been com mitted; then warning Lord ABERDEEN, its author, that there was no warrant in the convention of 182 ti fur its enactments, that its provisions could not be justified under the law of nations, and that the finances of this country would he legally responsible for all sets done under its authority. Nor was this, it turned out, the mere declaration of a politician desirous of promoting the interests of his own. and of &imaging the WIVES of his opponent's party. For, when, after some years' experience of the operation of the statute, Mr. MILNER GinsoN brought forward a mo tion fur its repeal, Sir Titom is Warm had then ceased to be an ornament of the liberal side of the house, and had become Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. Yet, so strongly and deeply did he continue to feel its illegality, that, instigated only by the dictates of his own conscience, he actually ad dressed, from circuit at Lincoln, a letter to Mr. MUTT to be read in the House of Commons during the de. bate, in which he reiterated, in stronger language than he had spoken, all his objections to the statute, and decLued that British cruisers were in its name perpetrating aggressions against a weak power which this country dared not commit against a strong nation. It is, therefore, because Lord Tittlio ; is now Lord Chancellor, and a member of a whigea binet.that we most respectfully draw his attention to I the case of the Amelia. That smack was seized, taken, and sunk by a British ship of war, whilst trading along the Bra- I zilian coast. There is not the smallest pretence far' imputing to her any participation in the African ! slave•trade ; that is, in the importation of slates into ' Brazil from Africa, which it was tho object of the THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 13, 1851. there was supplementary judges the sentence might have been delivered without that notorious polluter et jades. But no—Navaro knew his companions were divided, and he wished to be present. There were oat of the eight four for acquittal. One of these men, Amato, unwilling to sell his conscience, either was ill, or feigned illness, whereupon Navaro, who had now recovered, appointed Morelli in his place—a man conspicuous for what is here termed " loyalty." The president had now his majority, I and the result was as I have stated above, a con demnation of 25 to irons. These unhappy men are all of the lower class. The trials of May 15, 1848, have advanced a step. I should observe, this group of prisoners, some of whom have been in dungeons for nearly two years, consists of 45 individuals: two were ministers of the crown, and the rest were members of parliament and men of property. The At to di Accuse charges them with "conspiring against the internal security of the state, for the purpose of destroying or chang ing the actual form of government, by exciting the subjects and inhabitants of the kingdom to arm themselves against the royal authority, as well as having actually produced civil war between the in habitants of the same population—offences consum mated in the capital on the 15th of May, 1848, ac cording to the penal laws 123, 129" (Alto di Accuse, p. 30). Does it ever occur to the members of the Neapolitan government, that this accusation would precisely apply to themselves, as de jure they are constitutional ministers who, for more than two years, have systematically " destroyed and changed the actual form of government ?" Now, according to the old law, no minister of the crown can be tried except by a s pe cial commission appointed by the King; and accor din g to the consti tution, the new and actual law, they can only be tried by the House of Peers. The ex-Minister of Commerce, Antonio Scialga, and the ex-Minister Plenipotentiary at Turin, Pietro Leopardi, put in a plea of "incompetency." A supreme court was called, when Castrioti and other advocates had the courage to argue the incompetency of the criminal court to judge their clients. I attended the court; the ques tion was as clear as noon day ; but I need not add, law and justice were here again put aside, and, in a few days the prisoners will be tried at the same court and by the same judges as those who tried Poerio, as witnessed by Mr. Gladstone, who attended that celebrated trial. Another ex-deputy has been arrested during the last few days. The name of this ex-deputy is Pro fessor Tomasi, author of the " Fisiologia Humana," a work of European fame; together with a few other less important persons ; some printing-offices have been shut up, and a considerable amount of abuse of Lord Palmerston and Mr. Gladstone has appeared in the only newspapers allowed—the government press. Such are the events of the day. Convention of 1926 to prohibit, and in respect to which alone is Lord ABERDEEN * / Act, even had it under public law any validity, applicable. She was a little coasting craft, making one of her or dinary commercial trips from one p ort s of the empire to another; she was carrying odd -and ends of all sorts from Itiqi and, amongst other pae sengers on board, she had some slams ; not, however, newly imported Africans, but slaves which their owner was sending to his plantation; just as slaves are sent from Richmond in Virginia, to New Orleans in Louisiana. In this lawful voyage, under the flag of her sovereign, the Amelia was seized by a British cruiser, and because its officer did not know the name of the port for which she was cleared out, he, so runs the story, held the smack to be engaged in the African slave-trade, and landing her crew and pas sengers, sunk her within sight of her own shores. To have carried her to St. Helena, to be there con demned by a British Vice-Admiralty Court, or to have handed her over for judicial investigation to the Brazilian authorities, would, it seems, have been too much trouble. Sharp was the word and quick the motion. " She is a slaver; sink her!" And a few floating timbers remained to prove how effectually the order; had been obeyed. If this be not pi racy, the Yankee proceedings in Cuba are the most lawful enterprise the world ever saw; and the sooner some joint-stock speculation is got up . by all the ene mies of this country to establish the independence of Ireland the stronger will be the illustration of the new reading of the law of nations. And this outrage was perpetrated after Lord PAL MERSTON had, a few weeks previously, on two sepa rate occasions informed the House of tommons t ha t the Brazilian slave-trade was almost at an end; and within a few hours of her MAJEsTY congratulating parliament on its approaching termination. Under any circumstances, and at any time, such an act of violence would have been unjustifiable. But under existing circumstances, and at present, it is the very height of impolicy : for it is calculated to revive the slave trade by again turning the whole current of public opinion in Brazil in its favour, and by tending to the overthrow of the only administra tion that has ever had the courage to face that question; a ministry that has given to Brazil an anti-slave-trade law which not even the severe criticism of our Foreign-office can discover a blemish in ; an administration which has seized and liberated nearly 3,000 slaves since the enactment of that law, and under whose tenure of power the slave-traders are leaving the empire as fast as they can—many faster than they could wish. Former v iolences of this sort were defended by the pro-slave-trade policy of Brazil and its govern ments. " Facts—facts!" demanded Lord PALMERS TON, in answer to all verbal assurances. Well, at last • Brazil cabinet has produced "facts—facts" which have astonished the world—has shown not only a will but a way to the destruction of the slave trade. And the answer of this country to her own demand—to the adoption of her own policy, and to the success of that policy—is greater violence than ever, greaser aggression still. It would almost seem that the downfall of • cabinet, whose proceedings at Rio can arrest any share of the merit of the great suppression triumph from the honest fame of Lord l'AL•Easrox have been resolved on. In a country like Brazil, roads are of course few ; where they do exist they are bad. Its long sea board is to the empire its great highway, its canal, its railroad, its almost only means of communication. Interfere with that, obstruct it, or endanger it, and the commerce of Brazil comes to a stand still. hence the pertinacity with which all Brazilian governments have refused the right of trade along the coast. We are now obstructing that high way. Senhor Tonnes the finance minister, on the 3rd of August told the chambers that tradesmen would not execute orders from sugar plantations for new boilers, and that the coasting vessels would not carry them ; boilers being articles within our equipment regulations—and thus the operation of sugar culture is interfered with. Nu wonder that, thus situated, the imperial cabinet has resolved on placing the coasting trade of Brazil under the protection of some powerful foreign flag, when its present insecurity is paralysing production and trade. And there is no difficulty in the way of their doing so. Brazil is not embarrassed by any treaties of navigation or commerce ; she has no most favoured nation stipulation to prevent her ; public law cannot hinder her ; and her own municipal legislation has made timely preparation for the contingency. All she wants is a powerful ally, which will undertake the task and earn the profit. The offer will be a temptin,, , . one for the enterprising northern marine of the United States ; and its policy will fit in with the views of the slave-holders of the Southern States. All this violenc ,, and irritation, these aggressions and threats, are rendered more pitiable by the fact that combination,' are forming at prtsent in Eng land fur the further development of the great re sources of Brazil. Since the decline of the slave trade, capital there wants investment ; and merchants, too, have turned their attention to providing invest ment for it by the introduction of railroads into Brazil. To these schemes the imperial cabinet is desirous of giving every encouragement ; English engineers had actually gone out to make the proper surveys, when this unfortunate nffair of the Amalia occurred, if nut to mar all, at least to discourage and annoy all. One consolation, however, remains. In Mr. SOUTHERN, who replaces Mr. Iluoscns as British minister at the imperial court, our Foreign-office will have a man of sense, and of independent thought to inform and advise it. FRANCE. PARIS, FRIDAY Evesiao. There is talk of an extraordinary cabinet council to be held on the lath instant at the Elysee, to which all the Ministers absent from Paris have been summoned. The object of this ministerial meeting is to prepare the framework of the President's mes sage for the opening of the session. l)iplomatic circles are occupied with the question of Cuba. The last American steamer from Havre took out important despatches for the French chargé d'affaires in the United States. A special agent is to embark in the Humboldt in order to assist at Washington in giving weight to the representations of the French government in favour of Spain. Much enthusiasm is said to prevail in Spain on this question, and thewealthiest grandees ate prepared to set afloat a subscription to forward the construction of naval armaments in the Spanish !sorts The Council-general of the Gard has voted for re vision in the ultra-legitimist sense of the Opinion Peldigne. Although the dust raised by the Orleanist candi dature for the presidency suddenly appearing in the arena has been somewhat laid—not without dejection to the more sanguine of that party — the ab e tt ors o f the scheme are too tough and inured to political con tention to desist discouraged from their arduous enterprise. I understand, from persons well in formed as to the views of the Orleanist party, that, after the last vote on revision, it is the intention of the Prince de Joinville to publish a manifesto, dis tinctly proclaiming his candidature. The compara tively small effect produced on the departments by the announcement of the pretensions of the younger branch, and the uncertainty which prevails with re gard to their intentions, have suggested the course of issuing a manifesto a s a l ast and decisive resource, although this tactic will not probably be owned until the critical moment. With this aim, M. Theirs is to repair shortly to Claremont, and is only waiting for the return of the Duchess of Orleans from Germany to set out on his mission. The democratic papers publish a declaration of Ledru Rollin and others, dated tho 9th, giving the most emphatic and explicit denial to the absurd alle gations of the privileged press, which attribute to the editors of the Voi.r du Proscrit, and the leading 'members of the central democratic committee in Lon don, an intimate connexion with the pretended French-German plot. This document states that the only editor of the /191: du Proscrit present in France has been arrested, together with the persons whom chance brought to his office at the moment of the visit of the police. The list of subscribers and the I accounts and commercial correspondence were seised I under the pretext that th e Votz deg Proscrit was the soul and chief engine of the pretended plot. Mean while the provisional !Pripet of the paper was ar rested at St. Amend, and conveyed to Paris hand ' cuffed ; and the sister of M. Chotteau. ther , rant, now in detention at Douai for a press offence, was con ducted to the prison of Valenciennes, for resisting , the brutal attempts of the gendarmes to search her person. Ledru Rollin and his colleagues declare that their political acts have been confined to publi cations in the journal, which the French govern ment is vainly striving to extinguish; that they have never had the least relation with the "German Com mittee" of Paris, accused by the police of being one ,of the wheels of this pretended plot; and that they defy the government to produce any impeachable document emanating from them but the articles pub lished in their paper. The assertion that documents of importance had been seized at the house of M. Ledru Rollin is a ridiculous blunder, for his i habitation is in a country where the police do not invade private domiciles at the bidding of a foreign government—even supposing there were any com promising paper, which there is not, in his rooms to seize. Finally, the more the French government proves, by its persecution of the l'oiz deg Prose - rite' its dread of the principles and policy advocated by 1 that journal, the more its editors will deem it their duty to devote themselves to the task of providing that policy with an organ. This task they trust to accomplish in a few days. This statement is signed by Dupont, Ledru Rollin, Delescluze, and Itibeyrolles. Another document, signed by Bratiano, for the Central Euro pe an Committee, declares that it is completely false that documents emanating from the committee have been seized; adding, that if the Parisian police have obtained possession of any com promising papers, such are the work of men who have never belonged, far or near, to the committee. It concludes by defying the French goverument to publish any document establishing a connexion be tween the - European Committee and the pretended French-German plot. A third document, signed by M. Sausenau, for the Society of German Agitation at London, equally repudiates the least relation with, or knowledge of, the preteuded plot, and states that the Germans recently arrested at Paris are, ex cepting two, unknown even by name to the society. M. Leon Faucher took yesterday an extensive ramble over the space embracing the site of the cen tral markets and the other projected improvements of Paris. The Minister of the Interior has devoted himself since his accession to office with laudable zeal to the furtherance of these great works, which will employ in embellishing the French capital those hands which might, under a careless administration, have been through the temptations of want enlisted for its destruction. M. Carlier's levee of foreigners swells daily. The permission to ease the tedium of waiting half a dozen hours by sitting down in the garden of the prefecture is a boon greedily snatched at by the martyrs of the new edict, so that a spare bench is scrambled for with as much avidity as a spar by wreckers. Some 6,000 muds of leave to reside are issued between 8 and 4. But as there are about 80,000 foreigners in Paris the period of a week granted for their appearance will probably be ex tended. The trial of the persons accused of being con cerned in the plot of Ager commenced on Wednes day before the Court of Assizes of the Lot-et-Garonne. The accused arc defended by Jules Fevre, Cremieux, Bac, and lkstours, whom the democrats of the loca lity have lodged in a sumptuous hoteL It was reported to-day at the Palais de Justice that the chansbre de tensed of the Tribunal of First Instance had ordered an inquiry into the facts con nected with the recent strange hoax practised on workmen, which I mentioned as having taken place at the barriers of La Cuvette, Menil-Montant, and Grenelle. The appeal of MM. Gent, Ode, and Longomazino, and others sentenced in the trial of the Lyons plot, will come shortly before the criminal chamber of the Court of Cessation. The appellants will be pleaded for by M. Martin de Strasbourg and M. liardouin. The public prosecutor of the Tribunal of Correc tional Police at Carpentras has appealed to the Court of Appeal against the judgment of the tribunal iu the case of hose Tamisier. The provincial papers do not bear out the alarming reports spread in Paris with regard to the reappear ance of the potato disease. On the contrary, the crops are represented as sound and abundant. The metallic reserve of the Bank of France has in creased 21 millions in Paris, and declined of a toil lion in the branch banks. The discount accounno dation shows a falling uff, both in Paris and in the departments, of # a million in the former, and 31 millions in the latter. The whole amount of bills discounted in Paris during the week has been 34,866,323 fr, and in the departments, 61,237,464 fr. On the side of the liabilities, the notes in circulation have decreased 4 j millions in Paris, and 31 millions in the provinces. The account current of the trea sury has increased a trifle over 1 million, the present amount being 126,417,2361 r. Private accounts cur rent have increased in Paris 4,; millions, and fallen off in the departments 3 millions, the amount of the former being 97,318.161 tr., and of the latter, 20,308,362 fr. The whole amount of the metallic re serve isat present 621 millions to 326; millions of notes in circulation. The Journal do Haut-Rhin states that the Rhine has overflowed its banks, and by carrying away a dyke caused great damage. Several villages near the banks of the Rhine have been inundated, and the crops destroyed. The ravages would have been greater but for the prompt assistance given by the soldiers of the garrison of Neuf-lirisach, who by their exertion turned the course of the water again to the bed of the Rhine. The 22nd annual horticultural exhibition of Paris was opened yesterday in the Orangery of the Louvre. The display of flowers and fruit Is very remarkable, and the locale is fitted up with great taste. In ad dition to fruit and flowers, rare plants and shrubs, vegetables, and gardening utensils of the most varied forms may be seen. There is also a great quantity of articles connected with the ornamental part of horticulture, such as vases, rustic seats, fountains, &c. In one part of the orangery is collected together the principal works which have appeared in France since last year on agriculture, horticulture, and pomology. SPAIN. MADRID, SEPT. 7. According to the Epoca the Cortex meet again on the lit November. The Gecette publishes a decree ordaining that the general liquidation of the part of the debt of the treasury proceeding from salaries and personal claims, and settled by the Ist article of the law of the :.ltd August last, shall comprise also all the other per sonal credits for salaries in arrear, until the end of December, 1851. In this decree, after ordering that a particular liquidation is to be made in the same manner to each creditor, it is announced that the payment of this debt will be made according . to the mode to be determi ne d b y t h e C ortes. It is, how -1 ever, asserted by the opposition, th a t th e ca bi net w ill not be able to realise the receipts estimated in the budget, much less additional funds fur the payment of this debt. ITALY. ROMAN STATES. A letter from Rome, of the 4th, mentions an im portant seizure of arms effected by the police of that city, in the house of a Signor de Pasqualis, the son of one of the generals of the republican army, now in exile. The 36th of the line has returned to Rome from its cantonments at Civita Vecchia, Viterbo, Civita Castellana, and other places, and been replaced by the 13th light infantry. The new Spanish am bassador to the court of Rome, Senor Colombi a has arrived. NAPLES. Our Naples correspondent writes: NAPLES, SEPT. 4. Whilst the attention of civilised Europe is turned ' with mingled indignation and pity towards the Neapolitan government, and its miserable agents, the grand criminal court has again b een the scene of , freshinjustice and cruelty. I have already referred to the trials, called " the sth of September," when the camarilla sent a priest, with a mob of paid lazzaroni into the streets shouting, "Down with the eonstitu tion." The men who opposed this revolutionary I band (that is the lead ers ) have received their final sentence from those who judged Poerio and his com panions, and 2.5 are condemned to various periods at the galleys, which, put together, makes .500 years in irons; their only offence being a light with a mob of men who ought precisely, according to law, to occupy their places and wear their chains. But this is not all—observe the illegality. On the 25th of August, the president Judge Navaro was ill. As GERMANY. BERLIN, SEPT. 10. It is pleasant at last to have something to praise ; and the commercial treaty between Prussia and Hanover, bringing Hanover at last within the Zollverein, is an event on which we may safely congratulate Prussian industry, and perhaps politically, from its probable future conse quences, the people of Prussia in general. Whilst Hanover remained out of the Zollverein some of the southern states were a drag on the principles of free trade. In order to conciliate them the tariff of 1818 has been constantly aug mented, and the free trade principle has become more and more compromised. But now there seems to be an earnest return towards a more genuine free trade policy. The great advantage of the treaty with Hanover will be that it will open a most important commercial sea coast to an emancipated commerce of North Germany. Hitherto the Zollverein has been comparatively an inland institution. Hanover's refusal to come into it has blocked up the ports of Bremen and Hamburg, compared with which the Baltic offered but very restricted advantages, and Cologne—an inward river port—has been the only one available by the Verein in the North Sea. But now Bremen and Ham burg will be open. The chief, if nut the only, objection of Bremen to join the Zollverein, which consisted in the outstanding of Hanover, exists no longer, and the soirthern states of Germany, it may be pre sumed, will assume eventually their rightful commer cial predominance over the southern states. It is hinted by some German journalists, it is true, that the anticipation of this effect may alienate several states of the south from the Lateen in, and so break up the quasi sort of German enity that has been by this trade-bond brought about. But this consequence is by no means to be apprehended, and if it were it might be by no means to be deprecated, for North :old South Germany might prosper much better with serarated than intermingled interests. Ile treaty, which is to come into operation in 1854 for twelve y, irs, was kept so close till it wan published that the Austrian ambassador had no knowledge previously that any such act was in contemplation. One can well-conceive why he am kept in this ignorance. As one of its immediate consequences the Krogh Zeittinv mentions the probable de finitive settlement of the pending Zollverein negoeiations with Belgium. One of the prime points at present of this commercial en gagement is, that the present Zollverein, if not in the mean time renewed, cannot, after its expiration, be continued without tilting Hanover in ; and that her concurrence will he thus nece,ary for all future commercial arrangements connected therewith; a necessity certainly not disadvan tageous, and which may possibly be greatly the contrary. The King arrived here yesterday evening. LATEST FOREIGN EXCHANGES. (fl) Electric Telegraph.) - • - ANTWERP, SEPT. 12.—Fire per Cent. Metalliques, 70t; ditto Ardoins, 14.1. Three per Cent. Inland, 34t. Russian Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 100. Ex change on London, 25.17 g. 11Itt'SqE1A, SEPT. 12.—Belgian Five per Cents., 100; ditto Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 03; ' • ditto Two-and-a-Half per Cents., —. Exchan ge on London, 23.15. BERLIN, SEPT. 11.—Voluntary Loan, 1051, ; Rus sian Four-and-a-Half per Cent., 1001; National lkbt, 881. Exchange on London, 0.21 ; Hamburg, 1491 ; Petersburg, 351. VIENNA, SEPT. 11.—Five per Cent. Metalliques,o4. Exchange on London, 11.39. Ditto on Paris, 140. FRANKFORT, SEPT. 11.—Fiveper Cent.Metnlliques, 791. Three per Cent. :Spanish, Inland, 31 9-10. Exchange on London, 1181. Ditto on Vienna, 1011. AMSTERDAM, SETT. 11.—Five per Cent. Metal ' liques, 76 ; Two-and-a-Half per Cent. Belgians; —; Five per Cent. Spanish Ardoins, 14 7-16. Ditto, Inland, Three per Cents., 3111-16 ; Russian Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 100; Two-and-a-Half per Cent. Integrals, 58 5-16. Exchange on London, 11.871. PARIS, larr. U. 3 per Crate. 3 per Dente ..... a per Comm New La 4 per Cents. 42 per Conte I Ezeleange ma Loudon : eatrkt. t 3 10 ; 90 d;ye, 21 92k. Belgian, 3, 1 110 — Mow I Mentes Bents Deney. I.ks. 3, il ... Boman Loam 1831 73i ... Do. 44 p C Treasury Boob ... ... Piedmont 3 t. ... 79 03 ... I Beak Num 23 1 0 ... Pmt.'s, Sarr. 12.—Versaillea (right bank), 2G2 50; ditto pelt beak), 216 23 ; Paris and Orisons, 000; Paris sad Rouen, 300; Boom sad Ham, 233 73; Manellhe and .2 , 4204 303; Odessa end Berdeaus,333 : Northern, 437 30; Perk and ntrostourg, ISS; Sows and Nowak 163. For Money. °rains' 13 33 33 ' 31 73 31 Less . 73 . 30 ' . YOf AoCollat. .11ligtunt. Loweat.l Closing 65 53 90 33 50 53 00 11 90 91 90 91 40 91 Si LANCASTER AND PRESTON JUNCTION RAILWAY.— The report to be submitted to the meeting at Lancaster on the 19th inst., states, that the directors have again to con gratulate the shareholders on the increued revenue of the joint companies, as shown by comparison with that of the corresponding half-year of 1830. The directors recommend the meeting to divide the sum of 20,3501., which will give to each of the several descriptions of shares the following sums, viz.:—To each whole share, 11. 1.55. 7d.; to each three-quarter share, 11. 3s. 7d.; to each 9uarter share, 9e. 4d.; and to each twelfth share, 3s. Id., being at the rate of 71 per cent. per annum on the share capital. The share holders will o bs erve that another of their directors, Mr. W. N. Hodgson, M.P., has been elected a director of the Lancaster and Carlisle Railway Company, at their recent meeting. The expenditure on capital account shows a total sum of 466,4951. The revenue account shows receipts for the half-year to the amount of 22,9264, while ;the expendi ture during the same period, including general charges, direction, secretary's salary, &e., amounts to 3301. This leaves a balance of 22,5931.; 2,3231. of this sum is required for interest on debt, due Ist of November next, leaving 20,3501. for the proposed dividend, at the rate of 71 per cent. The capital entitled to dividend is 644,3001. ; the I mortgage debt of the company amounts to 113,000 , ., : 10,300!. at 41 per cent., 30,000/. at 41 per cent., and 72,7001. at 4 per cent. STEAM-BOAT RACING.—A BLOW UP.—On Thum ' day afternoon last, between three and four o'clock, two steam tugs, the Ranger and the Conquest, went out of the Tyne to ran a race from Shields bar to the buoy at Sunder land pier. They had got plac e d, w h en a fearful discharge ; of steam, and a great noise from the Ranger, indicated , that something was wrong. The other boats ran to her assistance, and found that the pressure that had been put on had occasioned one of the tubes of the boiler to give way. One of the crew who had got scalded, jumped over board, and was with some difficulty rescued. He was nearly drowned. The other min escaped comparatively unhurt. The boat was towed into the Tyne again. THE GOLD EXCITEMENT IN AUSTRALIA NEWS FROM OPIIIR. ' We give in detail the contents of the advice' from Sydney to the 2nd June, and summarised in yester day's Express. Every arrival, and every letter from Bathurst, confirms the productiveness oft he mines, and the excitement which has revolutionised Bathurst has extended to Sydney. Numbers have set off for the mines, and though many come back with exhausted means, other recruits are constantly setting out. Ophir is the grand subject of conversation, and those who have not already started for the mines, hare engaged in speculations connected with the supply of the mines. One advertises cradles, another shovels, a third magnets, and the papers are filled with announcements relative to the subject of all absorbing interest. We give some specimens : MAGNETS! MAGNETS! Magnets! Magnets! Magnets!— Every digger should purchase before he proceeds to the mines one of Crouch's Australian gold-digger's magnets.— To be had at the Victoria Bazaar, 3'29, George-street, op posite the Cathedral. Every California digger is well ac quainted with the value of the magnet. RUNAWAY APPRENTICE. —My indented apprentice, Joshua Matthews, having absconded on Wednesday last, all persons are cautioned not to employ him, and constables are informed that a warrant has been issued for his appre hension.—Charles Notts Hunt, cabinetmaker, Jamison street, 30th May, 1851. GOLD FROM BATHIRST—GoId from Bathurst—Gold from Bathurst, or a silver shilling, will be taken in exchange for albs. of Arrowroot, at the Cooperage, near Wilsker's Tannery, Brickfield, Sydney; or any quantity at fourpence per lb.—Joseph Kingsbury. BATHURST GOLD Diseases.—Notice.—Persons pro ceeding to the gold diggings can be supplied with superfine steam manufactured biscuits, packed in tins containing from 25Ibs. to 401b5., soldered air tight so as to keep any length of time.—George Wilkie, steam biscuit manufacturer, George-street. THE Exriaa NEWSPAPER.—The gold news for Eng land.—The second edition of the Empire, of Saturday laid, 31st May, contains a general historical luminary of the Gold Discovery in New S ,uth Wales, compiled expressly for transmission to England; with other interesting and important information. Only a few hundred extra copies printed for this morning's sale. To Branum—Diggers can be supplied with good cradles, prospecting pans and boilers, shovels, picks, and crowbars, galvanised iron buckets, sheath knives and belts, axes, and every other camp requisite, which eau be had home-made and of warranted quality.—A. Gravelly, manufacturer and ironmonger, 320, Pitt -street, Sydney.—N.B. Punched plates always on hand. TENTS FOR THE GOLD FIELD.—For sale by private contract, one best canvas tent, complete, .5 feet wall, 7 feet long, 6 feet wide, 9 feet high ; one be st canvas tent, com plete, 5 feet wall, 71 feet long, 71 feet wide, 9 Met high ; one best canvas tent, complete, 3 feet wall, 14 feet long, 12 feet wide, 9 feet high ; one heat canvas tent, complete, 6 feet wall, 45 feet long, 121 feet wide. 9 feet high ; Potts, pegs, and slides, complete.—Edward Salamon, auctioneer and agent. GOLD DUST.—The undersigned will make advances on consignments of gold dust to the name of Messrs. living, Ebsworth, and Holmes, of London. Parties at Bathurst remitting to Sydney for sale or otherwise, may depend upon the most favourable arrangements being made in purchasing supplies and quick despatch of drays to their destination.— Frederick Ebsworth, Queen-street. Mr. Hargraves, the discoverer of Ophir, has be come a personage at Sydney, whose movements are followed and opinions chronicled. "Is our article in last publication," says the Sydney Empire, " we stated, on the authority of a contemporary, that Mr. Hargraves on first discover ing the gold, organised a party of nine persons to commence digging, &c. Mr. Hargraves affirms that he never had any party at work at the mines, nor yet dug for gold himself, except with one or two gentlemen in au experimental journey." Itegarding the origin of the discovery, it is stated that Mr. Hargraves Travelled over the district about sixteen years ago, whin the scenery, and to a limited extent the geological features, of the country made au impression un his mind. Latterly he visited California, and while in the gold regions of that country was struck with their resemblance to the wilderness which he had seen iu Australia so many years before. A resistless desire to return and explore for gold then took possession of him, and he could not rest until he had satisfied it by a personal search," which heat length accont plished, although under difficulties and privations, the result being, according to his words, the disclosure of " un bounded wealth" to his fellow-colonists. The papers also state that the Rev. Mr. Clark, a local geologist, has all along contended that not only was the precious metal to be found in that locality, but throughout the principal chain of mountains which belt the Australian continent. It is added, that for some time past a shepherd named WGregor had been in the habit of bringing gold to Sydney for sale, who maintained, however, gnat secrecy re specting whence he gained it. Mr. Hargraves com menced his search about the middle of January last, and after traversing the country for about 300 mil e s, took advantage of his experience in California, and ! selecting a spot proceeded successfully to work. He immediately named the place the " Ophir diggings," and they have since remained in operation. The gold district is described as lying to the westward of Ba thurst, the Ophir diggings being 17 miles north ' west, on the Summerville-creek, near its junction with the Macquarie River. With regard to departures from the dig,:iugs. the Empire says: We know of not less than ten differ.mt parties. compris ing, according to the usual average of via individuals to each, about sixty persons altogether, who have arranged to start fer the diggings in the course of to.dar. They are well supplied with the usual camping paraphernalia, and many of them me taking as much As three months' provi sions with them. If this emigration continue. we shall soon be nothing MATO than a eity of Wks. Even now the effects are noticeable in the number of house, •• to let," and the unusually large groups of the lovely portion of creation housing together, ° Unseen by man's disturbing eye." If any foreign miner should attempt to levy a con tribution on our noble city, the world would no doubt he regaled by a splendid show of Amazonian fighting, while the husbands were digging up the mountains for gold, the wives would show bravely how they could dig into the enemy for glory. If sonic depart for the diggings others are fated never to return. Some exaggerated statements of mortality having prevailed, a Sydney paper says : " It was rumoured about town on Saturday that in telligence had arrived of no less than 17 persons having died at the diggings • but, from the inquiries which we have made in different quarters, we have reason to believe the report was wholly unfounded, though we see no reason why people should nut die at the diggings as well as at any other place." The eolonuits seem to be fully determined that their friends in the old country shall not be deficient of information as to their good fortune. The news papers are making a harvest, besides an extra local circulation and plenty of advertisements ; the papers are bought up by hundreds to forward to England. One paper, whiCh we shall have occasion to quote several times, the Sydney Empire, boasts to the fol lowing effect under the heading of " The Gold News in England :" Our fellow colonists will be glad to hear that the news of our recently discovered wealth is likely to receive ample circulation in the mother country. We have reason to believe that at least 1,000 copies of our journal of last Sa turday were sent to England per Thomas Arbuthnot. Large numbers of the Herald have likewise been forwarded. This, with the usual amount of private correspondence, con sidering the attractive nature of the subject, cannot fail to attract the attention of the British people to our shore'. The chief details which have come into our hands as to the proceedings at the mines are contained in the following article from the Empire of June 2, being the latest date received: In a second edition of Saturday's publication, we alluded to a letter received from Mr. C. C. Forbes, a respectable Bathurst storekeeper. This letter was addressed by Mr. Forbes to his mother, under circumstances which seem to us to give its contents a more serious and important charao ter than many private communications of the kind possess. His brothers had applied to him fur correct information, with the intention of proceeding themselves to the mines, and Mr. Forbes writes this reply fresh from a week's actual experience at the diggings, and evidently impressed by a due sense of his responsibility in the advice which he should give to his friends. We state these facts thus plainly for the benefit of those whom such informa tion meet close) y concerns (laving Mrs. Forbes's permission to make use of her son's name), but we offer no further comment. Our duty is performed in supplying every man, as fax as we are able to do so, with the means of judging for himself in a matter so nearly relating to his own fortunes. With this view, in every instance where we can obtain per mission, we publish the names of our informants. Bathurst, May 29, 1851. My dear Brother—l only returned from the diggings yesterday, and could not answer your letter before. You seem so anxious for information with reference to the gold mania, that I am resolved to give you a faithful account. I was there for a week and got two ounces, worth 6/. Bs., but I was more fortunate than many. It is all a lottery, the getting of it, and worse than gambling. I saw one man dig out 13 ounces, which I bought for 36/., and I saw at least one hundred who had not earned more than fis. per day, each. Every thing is very high, and the work very labo rious, having to stand in the water the whole day washing the clay to earn five shillings worth of gold, at an expense of at least 2s. 6d. for pro visions. As the winter advances I am sure it will kill many, for the winter is particularly severe in the mountains. I got quite sick of it after a day or two, when the excite• ment was over. I should strongly advise my brother-in law to remain in Sydney, and not think of coming u p o n such a wild goose chase ; and my mast particular reasons for advising him thus are thc,e: As yet the gold has been found in the bed of a creek, 12 yards wide and 400 yards long. Below this spot or above it, it has only been found in very small particles, and very scarce, and would not pay for working. It would not pay for a man's provisioits. Now, there are congreg ited at this place at least 2,400 people, and hundreds more are arriving daily. They have I nearly dug up the whole of the creek already, and in the course of a week more I ant sure that there will not be a f oo t of ground unworked within the space I speak of. It is a fact that no pieces of any size or any profitable place for working has been found out of this part of the creek. It is possible that plenty of gold will shortly be discovered elsewhere in this district, but, if not so, whea the present diggings are exhausted,hundreds of miserable wretches will be sent back to Sydney starving. I would +treacly whim Oliver to wait for another month and ace what turns up, and, in the meantime, should there he other diggings disco vered which can be worked as profitably, or more so than these, I will immediately advise him to start; but as soon as this letter reaches you, or shortly afterwards, many people,who are now on their mad back.will arrive in Sydney pounds out of pocket by their week's stay at the Bathurst diggings. I will conclude this account by stating, as a positive fact, that where one person is lucky and finds 201. or 501. worth in one lump, fi ft y persona are only earning 10s. per day, and 49 scarcely earning their rations.—l dtc., C. C. Finings. A gentleman of superior intelligence and high respect ability is now visiting the gold district in the interest of this journal. We therefore hope in a few days to commence the publication of a series of connected report., prepared expressly for the information of our readers. We republish the postscript in the second edition of our last number. Saturday Morning, 11 o'clock.—The following letter from the nearest township to the mines, addressed to ourselves, was received by this morning's mail, bearing date three days ago : Manchester House, Orange, May 23, 1831. Sir,—Let me beg of you not to drive the whole colony mad about the price of flour at the gold mine,. l'rice at the mines this morning 40s. per cwt., and fresh mutton is sold retail at 3d. per lb. beef, 2d. We have also plenty of tea, sugar, and tobacco at a little advance on the usual prices. Can you tell me where the Bathurst gold mines arc? The mines now open are only 12 miles from Orange, and would he more properly called tho Orange mines. The only way that drays can t•avel in safety is through the township of Orange. With regard to the diggers, some persons arc fortunate, but the greater part are not so ; many persons are leaving, not king Aldo to get as much as will pay for thei' rations. Very few shepherds arc leaving their toasters at present. All is going on peaceably at the mines, and we have not heard even a rumour of a robbery since the mining commenced.-1 am, sir, your servant, lotus WOOIJWARD. P.S. I hear the mail will run to Wellington throe times a week. A letter from a respectable stockholder within eight miles of the diggings, dated 27th lust., received by a merchant in Sydney, states : I have not been at the gold diggings myself, being busy at plough, esc., but I frequently receive intelligence from the scene of action. Gold continues to be got, and those who work properly are generally doing pretty well. If we can preserve the sheep I don't much fear; but I emfess have my doubts that the government will be too lax. A few days will disclose their plans. Another stockholder in the same locality writes to the same gentleman, under date May I do not know what to think of the gold diggings. I am persuaded that the general earnings do not exceed 31. per week. Those who como to the diggings without money or food, thinking to make their fortun e s, a re l eav i n g with long faces. I saw several of your Sydney folks yester day on their way beck, looking for work us they went. Some have dune well, but some have not earned their ra tions. One man picked up 42/1. worth in a few minutes in small lumps, but I tear he has gone mad. The state of things described in these letters is; certainly not very cheering to those parties w'io are for,aking re spectable callings in Sydney to try their ilmtunes at the mines, and we are bound to state that the several letters which we have seen this morning all agree more or less is these accounts. Much has been said of the excitement produe-r1 by pub lished accounts of the golden gains of some of the °phis adventurers ; but we are of opinion that our respectable neighbours Messrs. Brush and Idaedutinell, did more to drive all sihriety from the public mind by the exhibt thin of the great shining lumps of the real thing itself in their shop windows than would the descrip tion of a dozen Bulwers. AU we know Is, that a poor fellow employed in our office looked at It, scraped un all his earnings immediately to buy a shovel and a cradle, got drunk in his excitement, and lust every shilling of his money. Captain !Hudson received a dryer this morning from Bathurst, dated the 2:lth instant, statiaa that Mr. Piper had, a day . or two previously, dug a give .• of gold ono pound weight. That gentleman has another lett. r .t.iting that the gold brought into Bathurst average s about 1/. per man per day. A letter received by us this morning fr..a a gentleman at Scone says :—" All clat.ses here arc s.v.a wish the gold mania. Flour is not to be got for lore or in Iney. Flock . masters expect ruin." Subjoined is a copy of a private latter from tho captain of the Thomas Arbuthnot. the vessel by waiL It the present intelligence was brought to Per nanibu:o. whence it has reached England by the .feviot Ship Thomas Arlattlinof. Pernainbueo, Gentlemen.—l suppose you have had rumours of the extensive gold &Ids discovered in New South Wales, causing as sudden a revolution go I bdiVSC over could have visited any country. '1 he colony is completely par :Used. Every i man and boy who is able to lift a shovel is or, or going off, to the diggings. Stations are in many pail • completely de serted: censequently sheep and cattle are kit to go and do as they Wae. Nearly every article of toad has gone up, in some Vases NO pet cent. ; and seeing that a great reduction in the grain crops next season must ensue for want of labour, it will necessarily tollow that maiutenanou fur m an a nd beast will be both scarce and high. No doubt there will be extensive emigration from all parts of Europe when once the news gets wind. We have on board about 5001. worth of Australian gold, the first shipped from the colony. It was purchased on the spot (in fact, dug up before their eyes) by four gentlemen, managing partners of different mercantile firms in Sydney. It is all in lumps, nearly pure, the largest weight 41b. less tux. When this was brought down there was a large amount at Bathurst waiting for a military escort, which the people were in hopes the government would allow to them. What we have on board was brought down by tour gentle men, they being armed to the teeth. I had great difficulty in getting away from Sydney. Although I promised my crew double wages, some six or seven left me as soon us the affair became known. Fore seeing what would most likely be the ease, I gut a steamer and towed the ship down towards the Heads. I placed two armed policemen, night and day, one at each cud of the ship. Still those that could swim got off somehow. All this caused much expense. I left the Lady Clark ready for sea without a soul on board but the captain. I believe he was about starting, with his articles in hi, pocket, on the road towards Bathurst, thinking he might induce sonic sailors to return and ship. They were coolly (I mean what sailors were left in Sydney) asking 801. fur the run home, and a guarantee of procuring them a ship to return direct to Sydney. I paid di. and Gt. per month for what L wanted. Yours, very faithfully, 0. 11. HEATON. Messrs. Phillipps, Shaw, and Lowther. CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. TO Till ZDITOIL OT TIII ZIPItESS. Sta,—The letter annexed is from a brother of mine, who has been for 10171 C years a resident in Graham ' s Town. I enclose my name and address, and remain &e., A CITI ZEN. Port Elisabeth, July 22, 1851, per steamer Hellespont. We are in a far worse position, as regard, the war, than we have yet been. The loner; of the farmers are getting so enormous that we shall all, I fear, ere long be in a state of bankrupty Our position here is a most distressing one. I, in common with all others, feel more than I can express; indeed, no words can convey the feelings of tho colonists regarding our prospects. I feel confident that, if the matter could only be seen in its proper light by the go vernment and the people at home, they would soon coma to our aid. But the representations made by the Governor here, and the missionaries at home, must, unless something is done of a decisive nature, force the colonists into open re bellion against the government, and bring on a war of races; and, although this might prove in the end to be the best, if not the most humane course to be pursued, it would cause great confusion, and perhaps much bloodshed. The colonists have always treated the blacks well, if not too well; and even now, although hardly a family has escaped having some of its members murdered, they would still be willing to continue that treatment, provided the govern in' it did not interfere with them ; but, if the black man's part, not his welfare, is to be taken in preference to our own nation and blood, it is really too much to be borne. The blacks must and shall be put down here; and if the government, to whom we look for support, will eat give it us, we shall be driven to take the law into our own hands, and discard a government which uses us so shamefully. Ido not write at random. These are the sentiments of thousands in this now unhappy country. Sir Harry Smith's proclamations and despatches are full of misrepresenta tions, and British troops are being beaten by a number of naked savages. Ile still remains in Kaffirland, trying to patch up a peace with the Kaltirs, which could not last more than three months—just time enough to enable him to get away in; and, in the meantime, the Kadin' are overrunning the colony in every direction Within the last fortnight they have swept off from one district alone (Somerset) 37,000 sheep, 6,000 head of cattle, 3do horses, and have destroyed 200 farmhouses by fire. These immense losses, you can easily understand, throw us back almost beyond redemp tion; and, when you come to think that all this might have been prevented by having a government competent to rule, and when we have a governor saying he is subduing the Kaffirs, when, in fact, they are only commencing the war—l ask you whether it is not enough to make any one whose interests lie in this colony almost mad with rage, and willing to adopt any course rather than submit to such humiliation and injury. I