The Express. — London, England, 1851-03-15 00:00:00

r ---- central reinintittee nest interested them...hes to procure free 1.. r goods acmes the ocean. The firlt id, a was to obtain the l'citiallvania, hut that wan (nit to involve Oro II1W.:1 VIIM•11.1.. The Fred was then as-igned to the m, but subs quently the St. Lawrence a... sub-tituted. The revenue cutters were also ordered to aid in concentrat ing the go $ll. at the port of shipment. The committee have been fur none mouths occupied in issuing certificates for Wick , submitb el to them by the states committees for ap proval. When the goods began to arrive at New York , lir. V. F. St-inttoue7, retronling *century of the National wa. :spiranteal to attend to their receipt and de livery. and accordingly came from Washington for the purpose. The it re ice." of the committer have Mira 'Wait me, —nut a dollar hat bet n appropriated to pay their sx peine•—anel they have, now that the government has, at the last mnment, refuted them a paltry sum to carry out the plan in a manner ereditahle to the country, put their hand, into their own pocket. and advanced the means. The object is purely national, involving the honour and reputa tion of the United States, and it is unjust that the cum mate es should incur any he..." Mr. Cheeks F. Stonsbury (recnnling secretary of the National In.titutt at Wathingbin) ie 00 limed the St. Law- True, He is charged by the central committee with the care of the whole of the packages, and will superintend tie ,r tran-ntimion to London, and arrange for the fittings necessary tier their prop r r shileition. The cargo is con *igen el to the American annul here (Mr. J. It. Clo.lkcy) lOW the privilege , of having it ennveyeel Irma the , hip to London fret of dock dues or railuay corr.:we. BOW of the paeltag.s are very large, consisting of nusidii ne ry, meskls, sculpture, lee. One curious item is an im mense block of one um, weighing 16,4001 h. (eight ton.), and i. probably th.• largest single blink of that ore ever ob tain. el. It i.' ut by the NI w Jerwy F.sploring and Mining f owl mot that .wociation many hundred dollar. to trAll%ptrt it over the nbeillitnal road, tram the minim to its place of shipment. The St. Lawrence arrived in the Thames yesterday morn ing. - - - ALLOTMENTS OF . SI 6 ..‘CF. TO FOREIGN COUNTHIP.S. 111 the plans ',hawing the distribution of space, gi allotted to foreign couutries, the horde of distimmishing One Irmo another ir by numbers, from 1 to 19 inclusire ; and ,dua by 4101; rtnt ..1u01441, postured by parallel straiglit eithi r serf iral or horizontal w ith T....wet to the , of ti, plait, sir at different angles thereto • *Oat of the shot., treiug made up of strong lines, and others of dolt d hive% kr. 1,, hiysn4 out the building, with regard to the appropria tints id natir.., it ia to bo observed that the great central 72 wiil.• fora centre to centre of columns, is 't— rim, .1 to an avenue of in feet wide, in order to gain su ass* additimud span, W,thtonsthe *flirt+, .t.tirra•et, entrances, earesbnieut l'.turt., and the Tarim's avenues and passages, including the trail, vt, iY f.s.t wide, the I.IIIOIP of the grovund tso o r and g may he said to be available Twee foe British and foreign ethibitors; observing that all the Faseigii eountri.., including the United States of Ame tire, are oil the ran, of the transept, both on the few and 114 the vlipric.; when-g. the United King. dun, the Eat and the British colonies, an an the w•••• 0 , 1.• th, nod, with the eireotion of the United King dom, viler.- 11411.1i11i.111 i extemi.,l into parts sit the, north mot th cairn., on the nun aide of the trwropt. In (Akin,/ o .11.1, AM foreign countries in the order as , 1 no the porn., a.- hod tout the spec,: 'marked N.., I, top,. o'uttog .trahiA and Per.ia, is situ ,te on, the north sod, ot the t. utr.d 11.1114, hating ~ froutAttt• thereto ,of 11 fed t. ruitioutt kirk on the r.tst Of the transept fin feet ; lo timer, tueret.ire, an are:i 01 1,4111 superlieMl feet an the grienid door. with an additional spae.• of feet iii the ry maw. ly 4111•1%.• 4, 1 116 bet. Thr., as w.ll as all the 1011ovilug, is independent of " hanigint spice,.. :5... 4, I 'hum, on the smith side of the rentral 111,1%111 . , hese a frinit.cge tie n of Is eel, running southward, and nest to tie triii.ept 41 1.4 - t, having a cpare on the druund Sew of :4:11 stsperttes4 be.illes47lifeet in the galkry ; total. 4 1111 feet. . No 3, brawls and Mellen, on the wroth side of the ern- ; oral at. emitigolool• to 1 tuna, all irregular spare, with • Inontagi of 21 to , t wl the central are and another frontage on trawria, also of 21 b of, at 111, north ono' of the 1 oftio es of the s aeratisio, having 7,188 •uperfilial feet un ground 8 oc, with I,:trAl feet in the gallery above ; total , V, NS fret. NO. 4. Turkey, as the 'worth v i e of the central avenue, moth • frontage the.tn of 24 fret, UlOl rate noting back to the nolre•how ut wart at the moth o•oulliftransept ; having ▪ env of 1.1401 Soil, with 1,341 fit in the gallery above ; 14,wi2 fret. a, tineee, ou th.. east silk of Arabia and l'ersia, Rasing • frontage of 21 feet in. the central avenue, and • depth of frt.( giving an area of 1,1.12 feet, with an ad ditional space in the gallery above of 676 fret; total, 1,1,21 frt. Ne. 0. Farypt s no the east side of Turkey. 1.9211 imperil- Wall fret, ono 476 feet in the gallery above: total. 2,4%!t. Nos 2, Italy, an irnmular spare, with • frontage of 48 ferr•l .o eb, mirth side of co sitrid W1413114', and running hark lw war the north o menace W the hupkling , having an area se the ground iloor of 11,712 superlitond fret, and 960 feet in addition in the gallery Ashore; total, 12,672 feet. N... 8. Slriu and Portiimil, with a f tag., of 48 fret on the worth sole of the central avenue hating an area .41 2,1040 superfirial het is the ground:door, and 768 feet in the gallery armor ; total, 3,tittf. No. 9, switoorland, has on frontage of 48 feet on the south aide of the central auk, running quite back to the south I front oil the budding, clowo to the Mikes of the tolerative connuaittee ; hating mi an.. of 10,912 fret, with VW feet in the gallery rhos.: ; total. 7.872 feet. N... 111, lo ranee, h. a irontage of 168 feet nn the north side of the central avenue, and 216 bet frontage on the meth side of the ante; in the fourth case running hark to Use north sole id the building, and in the latter Can. to the mouth nob: thyroid . ; rout.. 11111 l tc on the ground-lloor 78,912 sup. ruelal fist; added to which in the gallery inuriethately north of the ventral aisle there i• all allilltitlollll it mote el 3,810 kit. and an the gill. re immediately south of din Central aisle 4,181 feet ; total. /4%936 het. No. 11, Belgium, has a 'nonage of 18 feet on the moth side of the central anontoo, and a similar frontage on the south solo of the sait, and run , Islets ill the former ea, to the north .air of the builditlg, and in the latter on the south Wok of the hulloing; the total area om the ground-Sour being 72.114 fret, with 1,311 list in each of the galleries above ; total, 21.928 feet. No. 12. Holland, has a frontage of 21 feet on the north aide of lbw centrist annue, not runs back 116 fret ; haring tut area oil 2,781 fret on the ground-their, and 3)N feet super &Ml is the gallery above ; total. 3,168 feet. No. hi, Au•tria, has a frontage if 96 feet on th e nor th aid , of the central avenue, rooming loaek to the north front lit the Imildiont. Slid a 11 . 01Ittge or Ito) Get on the south side of the ventral atenue, running back to the >oath Input of the budding, and annt.. 44 on the ground-floor 31,272 itilteTtiel.ll let I, :001 111 :1•1111t11111 1,9 . -41 feet in the gallery north of the neutral aisle, &not 2,112 feet in the gallery south uf ttn, noutnil Ask ; total, 28,394. No. 11, the %Mho rein, bus a frontage of 96 feet on the north Ode oot the centnd avenue, and extends hark to the north trout of the building, and a similar trontage on the south aide of the 141111 r :OeUtte ; boning an anoti on the groutul door ..f 12,1118 superficial feet, and in the north galleries over tin . 4,031 feet. and in the south gallery next central aisle 4,61$ fret, making a total of Ml.lBB Inna'ffitial het. N. 15, North Germany, has a fmntage of 14 fort on north side of central avenue, with a depth of 60 feet, and on the south side of central avenue a frontage of 24 ft et, running bark llkf feet, and having an area of ground-dwor of 6,336 lest, and in the gallery north of central aisle 1,311 feel, and on the mouth of same aisle 1,142 feet; total, 8,832 fret. Nu. 16, Denmark, has a frontage of 24 feet on n'ntral aisle, by depth of IS feet, containing an area of 672 feet - . only. N... 17. Norway awl Sweden together. have • frontage of 414 wet o* the ...ugh vide of tlw• eentrul Avenue. by • depth of Cal feet. giving .n area of 2,StiO supertit i.l feet IM ground 4410 f, with an ,ulditioo of 1,311 feet iu tlw gallery above ; total. 4.2'24 Wet. No, in, Itte.ia, haa a frontage of 32 feet on the north' side u( central avenue, and of .4 feet on the south side thereof, barns% an area on the Itround-thior of 11, 424 super ticial feet, to titer with 1,72t4 feet in the gallery north of central 'tale, and 7iis teat in the gallery mouth of central I aide: total, 13.920 feet. No. 10, the United States of America, has a frontage fax ! north side of c.•utral aisle of 136 ft-et, with a depth to thell retrevOnaivit court near the north-east angle of budding of 136 feet, and ruunind on the north vide of the eastern eatrawee to the end of the building, and a (rootage of 120 . Cm es ..1011 vide of n•ntral mole and running ba,•i to the -.nth f t and east end of build ing, anal luting an arts un ground-door of 31.2611 Got. The United have the lamest amount of gallery won of any of the foreign countries, extending into each of the (our galleries. and tarot,' ing the a hole of the n•tans gallery at the not end of the Insilding, amounting to IY.S•tI feet, whirl,. with that on the ground dour, gives a total fur the United States of 70.K15. The whole aria. in.iuding pussages, allotted to the counvl trios remained by the Nineteen number, is equal to ff 341412 oupertirial feet. or 14,184 .uses, of which Franco' takas this large -it +hare, the fatted Main tke next, whits. tin Zollvervin stands third, and Austria fourth.—Blue tretegi Negro. Pftortisen Niro , Cheinins tho peoorat naoment, amid the elabsraSe preparations for the' Great Exhibit .it may not be lusipgisirtause to bring f ur -' ward the in; important suggestions, ri:, : That a' distinct nail independeut minibus route be formed of the liar of road from Hyde-park-corner direct over Vauxhall- bridge thruuali Ki unington. VansberwcU, Peckham, and New-coon. to the point where the Dorecroad is intersected. by that between Gri euwich and Lewisham. Any one, on glan6wr at the map, will oes• the great utility of this,—not merely fur visitors to the Exhibition (destined to be of transient duration , . but so creating • permanent link be tween many populous districts, and numerous lines of eon. vryance,—aasnobsiam, steam-boats, and railways. Nut less . than three railway-atations would tw passed. Permit me to add, by way of contrast and rumorsgement, that on the' northern side of the Thames a deficiency, parallel with the one I would have remedied on the apothem, has been at lag supplied hp that pxotitable •• ompabus line," the East and West India Docks Railway. Roping for a nook in your inducatial journal, I am, W. ac, E114.441'.-14)°- dna. Marsh 7, 1841. THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, MARCII 15, 1851. • . A VOICE FROM NEWGATE. TILE PROBABLE NUMBER OF VISITORS. !GARDENING OPERATIONS FOR TILE EN ; ING EEK. TO THE griffon OF THE ETHIEITION EIPSIO4. 14111,—Not having ever peen any detailed estimate of the result , of dr: anroaeltino exhibition, I send you dqe following calculation, which I hare , drains out, tad %mak proves that there is the posdbility of a ..otry lair retard, without the slights st inconviggiciiem fur it is obvious that many more than 10.000 visWri aaily could be ECCOIIIIIIO , dated in the space of thu 8,000 season tickets, at an an:rage of 21. 12s. 641, each 7,500 on each of the second and third days, at 11. each 6,000 on each of the following eighteen days, at 8.. each 10,000 on each Is. day in the week, four day. £2,000 8,00') on each Friday, at 2s. Ocl ... 1,000 6,000 on each Saturday, at as. (Frthe aardene,'lClovoliele) PLANT DEPART/AL:TT. inAntli.Vrhich have been reedutiy potted ad wind be kept in a eatnewhat closer atmosphere, with shading during the hafts:Apart of the' sky in line weather ; hut the latter should be vary cautiously used, and only when the plants would be liable to flag without such protection. Heat and moisture may be applied more freely So plants which are in progress ; and for the sake of' eeonorny in furnishing the necessary amount of heat retain as much as possible of that generated during the day by closing the house early. , 1 Let thu,e plants in the greenhouse which are dowering. or approaching that state, have the most prominent situations, and be liberally supplied with water. Gera-' Mums, fuchsias, and other soft-wooded plants, whose flowers will not he required fur the next two or three months, 'should be kept in a healthy growing state by shifting them into larger pots, using u rich compost in order to obtain fine plants in moderate-sized pots. Let the training .4 the plants have due attention, as their appear ance depends as much upon this matter us upon the colour or shape of the flower. Those which are required fur pre sent display should neither be stopped nor repotted, but nourished with oces-sfoual watering' of liquid manure, if they have filled their puts with routs. Attehd to the pro ingation of greenhouse plants, particularly of fuchsias, for autumn, and chrysanthemums, for winter display. As einetrarias go out of bloom, let them leave a sew weeks' partial repose, to prepare them for commencing their new growth with increased vigour. Seeds of virterarias, calceos ' A rias, petunias, hunicas, and other soft-wooded greenhouse plants, should now be sown in a gentle heat. As orchids show that they are about to commence their growth, they should be removed to warmer quarters, and syringed more freely. Those plants which are now growing should be' eneuurawil by a more hbeml supply of heat and mois ture. Dendrubiums. oanhopeas, and many of the stronger growing kinds, will make a good growth if suspended an a vinery, where they will be partially shaded by the vines. indeed, dendrubiums generally do as well in a late Muscat-house, all the year round, as in the orchid house. Camellias, which are beginning their growth, may be removed to vineries or peach-houses now at work ; they will there set their buds early, and may be expected to Slower about next November or "Member, at which period they are generally very acceptable. Say fur 20 weeks, until Ist week is October 4,500=90,000 tiro:1,000 I am yours, &c. AN INQUIRER. 12th March, 18.51. PROTECTION FOR LNVENTIONS. TO THE ElilToU or THE DAILY NEWS. Stn,-11 have, since my former communication to you upon the subject of the bill now going through the House of Lords for priTigional protection of inventions at the Great Exhibition, urn a copy of the bill, wherein there is no provision made against wrongful use being made of those letters patent which have been and may be granted before the day of opening the Exhibition, and yet will remain unspecified till cone time afterwards, and are unlimited, not havint deposited any outline specification or description, according to the Attorney-General's order of 2nd Nov. last, in consequence of such letters patent having been immenced and posit d through the Attorney or Solicitor- General's department before the date of the order. If the bill -honk' pass in this form, it is highly probable that it may ensnare many nn unwary exhibitor of a rew invention, because, after compliance with the same, the exhibitor will still Ix left open to any of these carte blanche patentees walking through the Great Exhibition, and then claiming it as part of hi• patent with impunity and depriving the registered exhibitor of Any property therein. I have written on this subject to Earl Granville, who brought in this bill, and others. And I have reason to believe these points will to pressed forward when the bill comes to the (*ominous, but still I fear unless the public bestir themselves no gond will molt.—l am, sir, lac., J. W. (AAUP'S, March 11, Mil. TI.TPiG TRY, 11111.D710.—Mr. Field, of the firm of Matolslay and Field, the well-known and eminent engi neer/I, has the merit of having suggested a method for set ting the rezala eniestio, "is the building strong enough F" at MIL Ile recomineinhal that a number of strong square frames should be made, in the interstice s of which lin-pound abut should he e lAirot, and that these, joined together, and formieor any weight which might be considered sufficient for the object in view, should be dragged along the galleries. Accordingly, seven frames were made, each capable of holding thirty-six cannon-hails of the vise just mentilthed. In this way a pr-are of 71 tons was readily &gained, as it was ascertained by Mr. Brunel, that the greatest weight which could he obtained by parking men as closely as possible on any given space was ninety-five pounds to the squire foot, such a test, mireseuting 1401 h. to the square fog, was csmsidcreil amply sufficient to establish the streligth and security of the galleries. The pressure of an ordinary crowd, sash as that in the pit of a theatre or at a meeting, does nut carved from .101 b. to 6016. to the square foot, and it must he remembered that, as a great part of the gallery space will be occupied by light articles displayed on i stalls, the number of spectators that can circulate there at one time must be limited. Moreover, the passages are made to run at the sides, close to the pillars, where the strain is Mist likely to lie dangerous. Bearing all these things in • I, the experiment mole on Tuesday with 2.52 68- pounders must be ronsillertal conclusive. As in their woolen frames they were rolled along by the united strength Of a large party sit -appers, the pillars and girders betrayed no sign of weakness, and the flooring of the gallery did not vibrate nearly as much as that of a drawing 'swim during a hall. Tli.. Executive Committee and th • principal members of their stair watched the expert mint with great interest. Mr. Cubitt, the engineer-in-thief' of the building, was also present; and Lord Granville and Mr. Cobden represent...l the Royal Commission on the neCa , inn. It is 31r. Culatt's intention to test all the gal leries in this m o ister; and as there in no doubt that Messrs. lot url Ilendersott's workmanship will stand with great i ...Ps: the trial to which it is about to be aubjected, we trust • that henceforward any lingering fears that may he enter- I tained by sceptical mind,. as to the security of the building I may be finally discarded. The experiinents were made yestenlay in the centre of the gallery, where the strain would be mast severe ly felt. Ew 1111,PMMOME AT KENSINGTON. —The Royal Cantu:U.:timers have received innumerable appliett ions front theatrical awl equestrian managers, Lcce., (or permission to erect in llyilestetrk temporary theatres, eimuses, shows, and booths, but the Exueutive Coininittee have positively basisl all such requests. Among other managers who peti timie.l the beard was. Mr. Batty, the lessee of Astley's, for a site in the park for the erection of a hippolrome, after the style of the ow in the Champs Elvi.:,es at Paris, but on a snore extended scale, and tar which pris liege he would con tribute to the r pis set the Commissioners live hundred ; guineas, hut the oifer was declined. Mr. Batty has since become lessee of an extensive plot of ground adapted for the purpose at Kensington, near to the turnpike, and within a few minutes' walk of the Crystal Palace, where , a large number of workmen are now actively employed' on the works, and from the estimates, models, and plans furnished by the architects, surveyors, builders, artists, and machinists, it would appear that the Inppo drinne will cost little has than 6,0001. Mr. Batty hail pre viously made several extensive purchases of thorough-bred horses, as at least eighty will lie required for this new curri culums, the ordinary trained horses for the circle not being adapted fur this peculiar description of entertainment. lie i is now cinraging a etorps of dashing ertiyires from Paris, and the other principal e.mtinental cities, as female etploltriant take the m o st prol ii i 444 sot parts in the hold and daring sports of the Hippralrom ; unit likewise a trove of fearless riders, native and forei.,9l, for the Roman chariot rams, Olympic gam.', &C. Mr. Batty, however, will not be without rivals, as several well-known equestrian managers are also in search of sites for hippodromes. Offers have been made to Mr. Wardell, the director of Vauxhall-trardens, by a French trompe of riders, for the use of the Waterloo-ground fur a day entertainment, similar to the one produced some years Isinee by the late Mr. Ducruw , but which Mr. W a rd e ll declined. The vacant plot of ground in the York-road, Waterloiteroad, with the railway in the rear, less also been eagerly sought aft r. ; but it is understood that the South Western Conipany, whose property it is, have declined to negotiate for any elicit purpose ; m fact, the greatest possi ble difficulty has been experienced by speculators in obtain ing ground in any desirable locality. The hippodrome at Kensington will, it is understood, be opened by Mr. Batty, on the Ist of May. LONIK)N PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. . . Under this title the ordinary of Newgatc, the Rev. John Davis, ha. pulolislhet "An appeal to young gentlemen in the nts tropulis. Founded on a great inany iiiStillieeS in which young nom of respectable families and virtuous parents have masonic the slaves of vice, and then of crime, and have been imprisoned or trans ported." The following passages, describing cases that have occurred during Ifiaa will interest many readers The sentence of transportation, as now carried out, is much more severe than people imagine. Men are kept in sosolimtsierygiompearizonfmcrontot thefor abo tet tl e t ti t ty wel o v f e or thi ,t six in teln e nt o o f ont i t t e : ephrrldonetinne:ig. father,Th c ut ir nt ru e. g h h t t o s th a e b et oat and ho s m h. e te , m t , h att eir d a th i e fi i . e , own folly, as well as guilt, are very bitter to endure. Many of their kindred they will never see again; and when they do meet any of them again, the shame they feel that is on themselves, the disgrace, to a certain extent, on others, their rui ned character, their suspicious condition, make them meet under circumstance; so different from what was formerly the case, that it is almost like getting into another and n lower world. When twelve months or more of this sad life of sepa rate confinement is over, all right-minded men arc deeply humbled. Poor fellows taken out of solitary incarceration are not like the same clan of men they were beforehand. They are afraid to speak and move like other people. Many of them (who can) re-ad a great deal, and pray almost with out ceasing. When ill-behaved they are immured for seve ral day, together, in cells totally dark; and when very ill et:mit:Led. ot an s d hip i ped neubs o n t spi t ta n te e , h ar at e n, di t lra N tc . h e s t al wk tu i t , b utt e hulks dor some other horrible penal colony. The life of such a con vict beggars description. Other offences in the colony are committed, and they get again trarnported in chain.. Dis grace and degradation, in mind and morale, attend them. Hard work, short allowance, strict confinement, soldiers . with loaded arms mill fixed bayonet', keep sentry over' them ; and no reasonable hope can be entertained by such ' a man of ever seeing Englund again. Very few, if tuty, of I what are called refractory convicts, ever reach again the shores of their native laud. " But suppose that a transported othopman, clerk, or post man, goes well through the stage of solitary imprisonment, he must then go to the breakwater, and work another twelve months or more in the stone quarries at the hardest work they call find. His food is the least that the medical gentlemen declare to be sufficient. Soldier; keep watch over them. The first that attempts to escape or make un lawful resistance, is liable to be shot and killed. Twelve months of this kind of life is the second stage in every healthy convict's sentence. They are then sent abroad into I remote and distant colonies, where it is solemnly declared I . 'by the authorities that every convict shall go. Great in ducements are still held out it men behave well, but it is a ' terrible life at the best, and many have written from Australia, and others who have returned, have told me how often they have cursed themselves in their sufferings for their owa stupidity and folly to bring themselves into such a horrible situation. There are a great many young men in the metropolis now respectable and comparatively happy, unsuspected by others, and unsuspicious theta:A.4yd, who will go through all, and more than I have stated, in the next few years, atilt next few years prove to be what the last have been. " A few years since a young man an assistant to a draper married early. His wages, though respectable, were in sufficient to support a wife and three small children. To supply their wants he made away with the property of his master, and was speedily transported fur his crimes. \Viten confined in prima* his young and delicate Wift , Cline to ace him. The sight of munive walls, strong iron bars, and his cooties dress., male a deep impreseiva on her. She could we him at a distance, but it was be tween iron bars and netted wire work only. He could not shake hands with her, nor kiss her, although condemned to years of banishment. Permission was ultimately con ceded him to see his children, but many a transport leaves without such indulgence. Who can describe the sorrow inflicted on such a confiding wife ? She was de prived of the companion of her bosom, the father of her children, and her 111C,1116 of autristence, by one fell stroke. Burning tears by night and by day, un aching heart wore down her kettle frame, and from her pale cheek, slow step, and timid air, indicated the agony within, till like a frail and testier thing of earth, she sank in sorrow. Who, then, was left to take care of his bereaved children ? Their father is a convict, and cannot see to their wants and edu cation ; their mother, from the shame she felt and the loas she sustained, has died of sorrow. Are they to go to their grand parents? What encouragement have they to re- new the cures of second training, when their own off- spring too ill succeeded? 11l the parish house are found all who by dieeolutenem, miaturtune, or indolence, inherit its scanty tun, and these are to be for sonic years the :associates of his own sweet infants. Where else can they go ? WllO will receive them ? The cause of all this ruin and misery has, on his part, been a love of gaiety ;of finery On the part of the wife, and thoughtlessness on both. They had out been humble enough to live within their income; and to get the means of keeping up their gaiety and dress, dishonest courses had been followed. There may have beet nothing particularly observable in either till the day of dis c overy calm, and the injured and judge:int master sought the protection of the law. 1 .. I knew a youth, the child of an officer in the navy, who had served his emery with distinction, but whose premature sheath rendered Ins widow thankful to receive an ufficial appointment for her delicate boy, in a government office. llis income from the office was given faithfully ' to his mother ; and it was a pleasure and a 'oriole to hint to gladden her heart by the thought he was helloing her. She had other children, but they were younger than he, and were two little girls, just risilig one above another from the cradle to womanhood. Her seamy pension and his salary made every saw happy. But over this youth came a love of dress. Ile had nut strength of maid to see how much mane truly beautiful a pure mind he than a finely decorated exterior. Ile took pleasure in helping his moths and sisters, but did not take Kreuter pleasure in thinking that to oho this kind n ess to then, lie roust be contented fur a time, to tires* a little worse than his fellow-clerks; his clothes might appear a little worn, but they were like the spot on the dress of a soldier arising front the discharge of duty ; they were' no marks of undue careicsaiten, necessity h ad wrought them, and while they iodic-gel IlliMl.Siiiily, they marked also the path of honour, and without such aimot• duty must have ben neglected. But this youth did not think of such great thoughts as these. Ile felt ashamed at his thread-bare, but clean coat. The smart new shining (Inas of other clerks, mortified hint. They had no smother to insist, nor sisters 1 depeudent an them, and probably some among them, would ' have gladly come in u shabby coat, rather than lessam the necesaries 4.f dear relatives at home. Robert—truly loved his mother and sisters, and slid not wish to lessen their it icume, but he wants to appear finer. In au evil hour he ordered a suit of clothes from a finhiunable tailor. His situation and connexions procured him a short credit, But trades men must be paid, and Robert was again and again importuned to defray his debt. To relieve himself '1 of his creditor, he stole a letter co nta ining a lot note. His tailor was paid, hut the injured party knew the number of the note. It was traced to the tailor, by ben to Robert, with the means and opportunity of stealing it, and in a few days he was transported. Stone point of law was raised, whether what is called a trap letter, is a foot-ottice letter, but after rime months delay, the judges lola that the conviction was good, and the child, liver he was sixteen, was transported. Before he went away, it will very affecting to see his truly respectable mother come to visit him. 'Oh Robert ! how could you do tuna,' was her plaintive expottulation; • was it nut enough fur me to lone your father, met I be deprived of yuu also i' The poor boy was so overcome she could not reproach him more; but the distress she Buffett', and the straighteued way in which she and his sisters lived fur many menthe, to pay tho melees of his defence, were never known to him. His mother entertained the liveliest hope that he might escape even by a legal quibble • but ' all her hopes were blighted, and she let her min, pro bably for ever. His birth-day paned in Newgute. On this occasion a bible was sent him, and markers wrought in I beads by his sisters. Oue was ' Robert, wo still Yemen- ber you ; ' another, by his youngest sister, was, 'stir we love you.' It was quite pitiable to se how the youth's tears flowed when he read these signs of love and sorrow in the home he had rendered so desolate. ; Brief was the interval he wore his dress of guilt ; it w as ! SOOll exchanged Gar uric much wisest' than the thread-bare marks of honounible poverty, that of a convict. He was profoundly humbled and sincerely penitent; but his offence could not he pardoned. Public security demanded its ens threentett ; and his was another example of the intern fully of a love of dress. " There are other vies belonging to other character, as 1 1 certainly leading to crimes, to commitment, conviction, and transportation, as those I have already referral to. Such vices are more dangerous in their consequences. Thee invade the peace of f'amilie's, destroy bright hopes, paralyse energy, and ultimately ruin their victims. The first among them is irregularity with women. Before a boy fairly looks this giant vice in the facts and traces its ince gable results, he is often under its power. I cannot tall the hundreds of respectable youth, I have known ruined by this indulgence. It has led them to rob their parents to a learnt' extent, to embezzle the money of their employers, to the plunder of warehouse's to supply finery, to finger's, bur glary, cutting and wountling, to suicide, and to murder. Na one can tell how far he is going tow ards destruction, when once he begins with this vice. I have seen promotion in the public service stopped by it, wretchedneas and misery at home produced by it, disease and pollution follow; into every prison in the kingdom has it brought its victims ; =0 , s u m ni t d e o s u f tf i t t 4 .t. ing votaries; that a a tt n t d ch th to e e y e ". wai t ' eolon i i u - in p7 TUE PAVILION CUATEL.—By an act Passed at the e tmamh onn is e ro il icer o 'nlise u:liii " a s eo ru n n fid r en U tial A a ) 14.t 'o i u u n t g one m itt ln in of th re e P n u t t' tt l r ile e cte pe to l f w t ,t h:• ee sess ud i e ct ee n d ottla p t t t i t . der eeeu lition m o d f t t o he t Laltio d it s t oolis, and was in the receipt of a Pi handsome income. • lie Wetillie a victim to this vice • although he was a married *ff.:meth were ace eett c t i delltr t r em f th t e ng pari a • s p L t e ht f w w h o il e e . f in ur an Wicl ii :om e° 4.7 " hav i r s no iidnedaulogfedseminonetvse.royr extravagance, ship ship in one part of the parish, it world be matter of regret have sacrificed too much to care t about ) futurity . Dres s, that in another part of the same parish a place of worship drink, luxury lt adsen t e h r i lity, ur i c the delights - in which s p ti de ld t. be xi d 6 e s st l r ‘ c . l ". ed. r, st U s n u tr of th t is he f ti e ea lin e. g, to a het reg tow toss a t p L e as othlte.ythreesesel desires,.•homy unle ss • r dupe mugs the means to sup of ground eligible for the purpose of affording a site for yo ung the chapel, and situate in the west part of Brighton. After • little consideration she acquiesced in the proposal ; and 'amount, with 1 1 gtteson saaaway for aught they care. The gratified these wishes; and to ttee pur a po a s d e r. , t w m as es, Ku a tl it ti t o o l to fo nt rg e ery thtt to ew a tt l h m o g u e t accomplish mpli m s an h h in ts I the vicar, on an application being made to him, became 1 detection . But discovery at length took place. He was responsible for the expense of removing and reconstructing n under conviction , but a poilitoflaw being , reserved th th e e b id uil en di ti n e g ii on soo the m sam p LiL et ale an de t r. P , m a r l ti w " in m do " ws b bein er ' 1 l w a h al l lg iu n the d paste on which a check was written was a vas ; engem; he had great hopes of escape. They employed in the edifies:. The building will be a church , or piu:ed h ns o ' ever, vain; and pa w hopes healed under ' chapel of ease, to the parish ehurcb.—Beighton Gazette: r his own hand. He left several children by different women, vnv► rmroNDITIONALLY. • Greenwich 11...pit.d. free on Monday and Friday; Society of Arta Nliesmiti, Wedneaday lintiah 'Museum, Gnat Itueell-.treat, Nlonday, Wednesday, and Friday; Saull's Mu. ono ..f Geolary, Aldenutate-.treat, Thur-tfay; Erast India Company's MiekAim, Saturday; Muaeum Econo mic Geology ; Gresham Leeturea, Wealneadae, Thurolay, and Friday llamptim Court, Monday, TU1.41 . 4y. Wednaa day, Thurailay. and Saturday; National Gallery, Monday, 'Tuesday, Wialnesday, and Thursday; Vernon Gallery, 31arltsioniqh House; Kew Gardens, * daily ; London Mis sionary Museum, Bloomfield -street, Finshury : Pantheon, Oonra-street ; St. Katherine's Docks, Loudon Ducks, West India Docks, and Custom House. _0 ilAttlrottl. By betels to be obtatneel frreenroe Itret rtattooere, or members of • • the orter!!!orthuthm., Antiquarian Museum, Guildhall, ddaily; Ashburton Col lation, Vieradilly, daily; Asiatic Museum. New Burlington street, Monday, Wednesday, and Friday botanic Gardens, Chelsea, daily ; llotanic Gardens, Re:toot's-pin* ; f'ollege of Surgeon., %swum, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday ; Dulwich Gallery, Monday, fuesday,Weiliitati, Thursday, and Saturday; Entumologind Marcum, street, Tuesday ; 0 nwfinor liner (insist. nor-street, daily; Horticultural Gardens, l'biswick, daily : Iluntcrian Museum, College of SUnteooll, daily; lanturau Collections, Soho-sare, daily; Institution Museum. Albemarle street, daily ; United S e rvice 'Museum, Scotland-yard, daily Sir John Solute's Museum, 'cuesslay and Friday; Ilasman's Hall and the Museum, Cnisersity College; Museums of King's College ; Royal Veterinary College. Marcum • Anti- 4narian Sorb ifs Museum, Somerset !louse ; Geological Society, Somerset 'louse. IIAKOR 1011. ♦OMIMIOV. ...... Botanical Gamlen., Oran.+coil, daily ; Chelsea Military Academy. Friday; Briti.h Inoitution, Pall Mall, daily; Chel.es'llowital, daily; Cownorama, Colosseum, Diorama, and Society of Arta. Iphi ; Monday, Tuesday. Thursd ay. Friday s ad Saturday; Madame Turaaud aud !tone, Baker street; Burford*. Panorama, Polytechnic Institution, Pano rama of the Nile. Bt. Paula Cathedral, and Thames Tunnel, Rotherhithe, daily; the Tower, daily; Woominster Abbey, daily: Woolwich Arsenal. daily : Zooliwical Gardens. 12 . e. gent's-park. daily Surrey Zooburical Gardens, daily ; Bank ut England ; Claildhall Council Boom. ACCIDEET AND Loss OF LIFE AT THE CRYSTAL PALACt —Yesterday. Mr. Bedford held en inquest es the body of B, njamin Collins, a plasm who lost his life at the Crystal Palace. On Wednesday morning, between seven and eight o'clock, as deceased was employed in painting the windows iu the lea Cli the building, the board on whit% he was standing shifted; be lost his equilibrium, and, failing upon the glom work. his weight caused the frame to give way. when he fell en the top of • table standimt on the tent with such Race Huss the table was dialled to pieces. He died during Wednesday night. The jery returned a verdict of " Accidental death." but what a life is It to which he has iltroduced them ? Of Itheir father they will most probably hear very little ; hut at some future time, when they least wish it, they may dig ' cover that their father was a convict and a outride. No ' human sagacity can tell what injury these two eircum , WM:V. may inflict upon his children. They may operate ' to their prejudice in business, in marriage, and in domestic life. Suspicion that the child may follow the steps of father or mother, may be detrimental in a high degree, and show , how fearful the results of crime are, even to those who do 'not share the sin, but arc involved in the aflame. " I ' , moldier another instance. A man of education and station was employed in an office, with several others under hint; and, from having embarked in speculations, he had not the means to meet his liabilities. The confidenee with which he was treated placed auras of money within . his reach, by adding the name of a shareholder to various documents. lie did this, and was tried for and convicted of forgery. There was every desire to spare him on the part of the defrauded employers; but ha so obstinately denied his guilt, even to the last, that they had nu alterna tive hut to proceed to extremities. Speculation, or in another word, gaming, has brought many victims into prison. The sweepstakes at public houses on the winning horses' at the various races have induced many to take their employers' money in the vain hope of winning the stake. They have risked and lost their character, their liberty, end their home. For them are substituted shame, imprison ment, and poverty. These things they did not contem blate. It was the gain only they looked at : and thee were linded by their false seal toeonsiderations infinitely higher and more important. The young man I have referred to had ' several children ; he had been at one of the universities, and was a person of superior degree. Of his guilt there could be no reasonable doubt; the papers had all passed through his hands, and through a small private lurking ac. count he kept ; and his full intention to pay back the money ' when he was able probably blinded his understanding to the enormity of the crime he had committed. His wife was misled by his declarations of innocence; and the thought that he was suffering innocently aggravated her ; trouble. She did not know the fact that few persons he come dishonest without losing the love of truth. Almost cecry thief tells falsehood ; and it is exceedingly difficult to believe what they say. I had subsequent infisrmation re specting this person, that took away every shadow of a doubt that his convietion soul transportation was right. ' " Penny theatres are generally situated in very claw and crowded neighbourhoods, where house property is of little value; and where some of the most abandoned and profligate of the poor live. The destruction that these places of amusement work in some instances may he ilium ' trsited by the following fact : a poor woman was left a ' widow with four children, the eldest of which was a boy.. Her character was exemplary. By incessant labour and care she brought up thew children entirely without assist ' once from the parish. The eldest, however, got a taste for the penny theatre ; and in order to he able to go there, he used to steal the halfpence• of his mother whenever he could find them. lie subsequently went into the service of a ' tradesman, to which the gosidness of his mother's character recommended hint ; but before long he stole a shilling. lie motioned the practice till he was sent to prison. All the circumstances were known to the judge : and he was sentenced to be imprisoned for ri week and whipped. The day he was liberated he went home and stole the only half-crown his mother had. The entire of her money was taken by this hard-hearted child. The only return he made for her care in infancy, and the diligence with which she educated him in the duties of religion, as well les in good secular instruction in the National and Sunday Schools, was, that he robbed her of every penny she had in the world, that he might go to the theatre and enjoy its delusive pleasures. For this offence he was tried at the Old Bailey ; and had to scree six months in the House of Correction. Afterward,' he': left his home and took to street singing; a result of the vicious taste in which he indulged; lodging in the worst part of Westminster, where dishonest people live in large numbers; and where, for three-pease a night, lodgings and other conveniences are provided. By the ' perseverance of his mother, he was reeovered from the degraded life to which he haul betaken himself, and was ' again placed in service : but the old habit returned. The love of theatricals induced him to rob his master to get ' the means of going to the play : and a third time he was tried and convicted front Newgute, and sentenced to twelve months' imprisonment. To make short of this sad story, ' he was a fourth time convicted and transported as an incorrigible youth, whom no gotsd education, nor good ' I example at home could reform ; hut who being often re ' proved and hardened his neck, was suddenly cut of, and '1 that without remedy." THE AGRICULTURAL DISTRICTS. SOUTH NOTTINGHAMSHIRE, TO THE NIOTOR OF Till DAILY NEWS. Ste,—After a somewhat lengthened interval, I mane my comments on some of our rural districts, and the state and prospects of the owners and occu piers of land there, who now, with a kind of exult ing despair, refer to a paragraph in the Queen's Speech to prove that they are really and deeply dis tressed. 'though much occupation since November has prevented me from addressing you, and perhaps a feeling that plain and business-like accounts of farmers and farming would scarcely be listened to amid the more exciting din created by the echoes of the " drum ecclesiastic, may have oecasionally staved my hand, I have not been unobservant or unmindful of what has been passing in the agricultural ' districts since the late autumn. Neither do events follow, or circumstances alter so rapidly in English rustic life as to render observations made in October in danger of becoming obsolete or irrelevant, though the recording of them be delayed till February. Be fore, however, taking up my account of the manage ' ment of land in this district, let me note a few general facts of recent occurrence, which may have considerable, though I hope only temporary in fluence, on English husbandry. And first let me ex press my extreme regret that ministers should have been so ill-informed or ill-advised as to insert in the Queen's Speech that dolorous paragraph about the dis tress of the owners and occupiers of land. I speak thus j more as an economist than as a politician, and as having a special interest in the welfare of the tenant-tanners of England. Possibly there may have been party or political reasons for that pa ragrapli too recondite for my apprehension ; it may have been thought necessary to conciliate half-friends, or to mollify fierce opponents by such expressions of sympathy, but on the economical interests of husbandry, and the moral and material condition of harmers, its effect has been most mis chievous. It has raised hopes of the most vague and futile description; it has re-called to the "agricul tural mind" its old hallucination that something is about to be done by parliam e nt, th e " some thi ng " in the protectionist vocabulary, mean i ng a l aw t o ra i se 1 the price of farming produce, or to place the farmer's , taxes on somebody else's shoulders ; and has done i almost as much as it was possible for a Queen's I speech to do to stay and impede the adjuatmeuts and arrangements amongst themselves which landlords and tenants were making, or preparing their minds to make. Nor is this surprising when it is recollected that nine-tenths of the actual occupiers of land at this day have been bred up under the notion that parlia ment would, could, and ought to do "something" for them. Their landlords, their political leaders, have always told them this, and no sooner has one scheme failed to afford "remunerating prices" than another has been suggested to be eagerly followed, attained, and found wanting, like its precursor. Still failure after failure scarcely lessened the reliance of the farmers on the omnipotence of parliament. or their confidence that in some way or other the right mea -1 sure for "protecting British husbandry" would be hit upon by the owners of hereditary wisdom a n d hereditary acres, until the corn laws were actually repealed ; and it required several years to fully real ise to them the astounding fact, that Britisli coin growers were to be exposed to " foreign competi tion." I have no hesitation in saying that before the meeting of parliament the great majority of farmers had became accustomed to the notion that they could not escape that competition, and they were for the most part manfully making up their minds to meet it. But that miserable paragraph has gone fur to unsettle all, and taken in connexion withMr..Dis melt s not unskilful spee c h, an d his large minority, I fear that it has put back the period at which English farmers will become entirely sound and self-reliant for several years. Though politicians seem generally to understand that Mr. Disraeli and his followers have abandoned protection, as unquestionably they were obliged to do, the farmers read it in quite another sense. They say he has only laid aside protection during this present parliament. I have again and again been told by protectionist farmers —men, too, who had been weaning their minds from such ! sickly delusions, " Only let us have another election, and the restoration of " protection will be absol u t e ly certa i n and immediate. I verily !believed nothing could have revived these baseless hopes to the extent they have been revived by her Majesty's government. Assuredly the advent of Lord Stanley to power could not have done more to unsettle and disturb the minds of the farmers, and divert them from the rational, nay, only means of LIEPAILTMENT. Pinerics.—Where --- plrie; are grown on the pot system, shift such plants as require it into larger pac,, using three fourths peat for the youngest plants, and increasing the pro portion of loam as the plants advance towards the fruiting state. If the bottom heat is supplied by fermenting ma terial, it will require to be frequently examined, to sue that the heat does nut decline, and thereby clock the plants while in an active growing state. Equal caution will he necessary to Prevent an excessive ur burning heat, which r ill materially injure the roots, and probably throw the plants into fruit, whether they are wanted or not. The object should be to maintain, in all cases, a steady bottom heat of OU deg. or 84 deg. A little air at the back should be left on night gild day, excepting in frosty or windy weather, and Mr an hour or two on fine afternoons, when the pits are closed and syringed. Assist pine-apples whose fruits are swelling, with clarified liquid manure, but give no water or any kind after they begin to change silour. The manure water should be made in a tank, and clarified by adding !some lime or tears- charcoal; as soon as the liquid has become clear, it should be drawn off into a second tank, the top of which is nearly on is level with the button' of the other one. Figs—Let the amount of air to figs in progress be gradually increased, using the syringe in tine weather to keep the red spider down ; but 'it is necessary to avoid excessive use of this Meru ' mmt, at too much moisture frequently causes the swelling fruit to turn Nark and full off. An equable moderate shit, of moisture should be maintained about the routs, as the Lune misfortune not unfrequently results from extremes of drought and moisture. Stop the young growths at the fourth or filth eye, by breaking (not cutting) the points out, as they du not, it broken, bleed so much• .♦s the stopping of the young shoots goes on, look carefully into the +tato of the older wood ; and where they stand too thickly to admit of the healthy development ol• the foliage, remove a few at a time of those shoots which seem the least likely to be fruitful. This will be carrying out the principle of summer pruning, or rather thinning, to the fullest extent; and with !no tree is it more requisite. It is, however, important that it be done gradually, otherwise it will muse much bleed ing. We may remark here, that figs have generally too much root room. They bear last when un a shallow soil, resting on chalk, or when the routs artico. VI.OWAIL OAIll)V4 AND ANlL('AiiitillEA Those who do not possess a mincient extent of glass frames for the propagation of verbenas calceolarias and other half-hardy bedding plants, may m ak e a splendi d dis play by maws of the more durable annuals, sown in the plans in which they are to remain. It is not to be ex pected that their beauty will Ise as permanent as that of the plants fur which they arc substituted but with proper exereise of taste in arranging them, the result will he much more satisfactory than many suppose. For white beds I use clarkia pulchella alba, mmophila atrmaria, or white Virginian stock ; for pink or rose colour, clarkia p. roams. II saptinaria cidahria, or ruse Virginian stork; for yellow or o • range, few things make a more aplendid bed than each wholtsia for summer and early autumn ; but if it be more desirable to make ;I late autumn display, the different varieties of marigolds are excellently adapted fur the purpme, although as their peculiar odour is not in general esteem, they should not be planted too close to walks which are much fre quented. If the situation is wit too shady, the common Mimnlus mosehatus is well adapted for a compact dwarf I bed of yellow. For blue beds use Neinophila insignis. Lu- I aus nanus, the late blue Forget - me amt, or the beautiful but rather Mane Centamea depresaa. For dwarf scarlet beds, Verbenas or Geraniums are indispensable, but a taller bed may lie made of Pentstemon gentianuidea; the different varieties of Antirrh . in magus are al., very useful, parti cularly the dwarf early-flowering double-white variety; the taller and later kinds may easily be made dwarlir by peg -9 ging them down. For a purple bed, nothing surp a sses the branching Larkspur, if raked front seed on a border planted out 12 inches apart, and pegged down twice during the growing season. The other annuals mentioned above may be sown at once in their places, and thinned out to proper distances. Musk and Forget-me-not are hardy perennial plants, as are also the Antirrhinums and Pent stemmas in most parts of the country. The time for sowing annuals must he regulated by the period at which the greatest display will be most useful ; and us this will generally vary trout the middle of June to the middle of September, the SKI'S should be suwu from the middle of March to the end of June. 1 FLORISTS . FLOWERS. Some people will say it is early x enough to pot off carnations and picotces , "we say if the plants are hardy, and the compost is right, the sooner the better —the amateur must, however, recollect that there is nothing like planting the layers fast; if there is plenty of drainage (which there ought to be) the layers should be well fastened in the pots. This is an essential point, but too often overlooked. Seedlings that have made extravagiuit growth should be cut in, leaving one or two good leaders,—wo have seen both these and seedling pinks left " au nature'" the consequence has been that 110 Hower stalks have been thrown up, and the strength that ought to have been concentrated in some six or twelve flowers has been disseminated in:is),even more than that; another good result from early cutting in the side shoots is, a large quantity of healthy layers are made, and should the seedling turn out good, they prove a toler able good harvest to the raiser. Tulips must be taken care of ; we anticipate a move in the right direction with these splendid flowers this season. Continue to give all possible air to auritulas, and water more frequently than usual. KITCHEN GARDEN. The importance of appearances in everything con nected with a garden should be particularly borne in mind in the management of this department, as a considerable quantity of the work is of such a nature a. to give at times au unw'tticd and somewhat un tidy appearance; rand, us the majority of these operations must be performed atrictly in season, they do not leave the manager power to wait till his employer a family takes up its quarters elsewhere fur a short period; and he must • therefore do his best to keep the place neat and orderly, I without suspending the work. Much may be done towards ' keeping things at all times creditable, by a systematic ;sr ! raugeruent of the work, and by a steadfast adherence to the simple rule of doing everything well which is taken in hand and finishing it off in a workmanlike manner before proceed ing to another job. This mode of carrying on the work is the most satisfactory, as it allows of concentrated force and greater energy being devoted to that which is still to be done. Let the various quarters ' as they receive their crops, be neatly finished off by raking or forking the ground, straightening the edges o f th e pat h s, an d cleaning and gravelling the principal alleys. Alter these, the main walks in the immediate vicinity, which will be free front dirty traffic for some time to come, should be cleaned, slightly surfaced with new gravel, and rolled; and at the tame time the edges of all the walks should receive any attention which they may respire, either by replanting or thoroughly repairing them. If thrift is used as an edging about one-half of it should be take n u p and re planted every season. as it wears a very unsatisfactory ap pearance if allowed to remain undivided for mor e th an t wo years. Forward cauliflowers should have some god rotten dung forked in about them, and the soil drawn up round their stems; and if the ground isnot over nvoist, tkey should be watered with liquid manure. Make new plantations of strawberries where such are required, making the soil good at least 18 inches in depth, by working in some well-rotted manure ; if the soil is light, a good dreasing of marl will be very beneficial. attaining safety and mospolity. Certain I MR that ministers have, by their menuwgkxs ullicsiou to agri cultural distress, played the game of the pfilitical protectionists with a degree of sueecss they mild not have played it themselves. As six (ilium of sort of hopes they who Ho palter who protectionist notions raise in the agrieultnnd mind, I would refer to a resolution passed a few weeks ago by the little clique of protectionist fanners who as:suable at the London Farmers Club. The subject of discussion was the antoinit of tns:ati,on in this country which enters into the cost of agrical tural produce; and after elaborate expositions of t h e farmers' views of the subject—obnoxious doubtless to the criticism of one of the shrewder members. w h o said, "they had got into a fog on the subject of tax ation"—and when by amendments and re-amend ments they had brought all the acumen of the con clave to bear on the topic, it was resolved. " that although this club will not undertake to define the exact amount of taxation which enters into the east of agricultural produce in the United Kingdom. yet they are of opinion that those taxes which peculiarly affect those productions toe now Iwo one intolerable, by the great depreciation in the Kite of corn and cattle, and therefore require i ttttt iediate removal." I Whether the members had succeeded in csrapitig from "the fog" when they pummel that resolution, I leave to your readers' consideration. Bat these are the vague longings after impossiblv things. misty expectations that somebody or anybody except theuk selves will pay their taxes, which tire and have been revivified by that unlucky agricultural paragraph. To return to South Notting . hanishire. This district has just now attracted some attention by the fact or the farmers having returned their candaate in oppe ; sition to the nominee of the gnat landowners of the " Dukerv." This is doubtless tin exhibition of pa: 'litieal independence on the part of the farmers which may eventually lead to . good. But 1 freely confess that my knowledge of rho temper and condition of the Nurturers leads me to regard this manifestation less hopefully than many persons have done. It is certain that one of Mr. * Barrow's chief recommendations to the Camera of South Notts was that he sacs belit'VNl to be a more earnest and more able protectionist than Lord Newark; and though it is something to l'4l` the farmers bearding the landocracy at the hustings, what the farmers most want is to establish holier, dually their own independence by making each man an equal and rational bargain tor the farm he oceu pies with his own landlord. This is the only founS dation on which the independence, main!, economical, and tiolitieal, of the tenant farmers of England can be laid. Farmers have Lag lieu too political in a certain sense: they have, like the people of the Conti nent, looked too much to government and political parties for help,and I firmly believe that a total with drawal from all political action for a period would be the best thing the fanners could du.. In the South Enslvry' disttict of Nottinghamshire we met with an extensive tract of strong clay land which presents a style of farming greatly diifecott from that I have beftwe described. In the report of the agriculture of Nottinghamshire drawn up by Mr. Lowe, in MM. for the board of. agriculture. ho divides this district into-Ist, the clays north of the Trent, consisting of the north and south clay divisions of the hundred of Bassetlaw and .the hundred of Thurgarton ; 2nilly, those south of Trent, compre hendlng the vale of Belvoir and the Nottinghamshire Welds. Of the clays north of 'fleet,. he says t hey. "are in general nut of so tenacious a nature as in many counties, being more friable, from containing a portion of sand and filling more re:utile by weather; particularly the red clay of which t11;1e is a god deal in the country round Tuxfont and in the hun dred of Thurgartou, which might, perhapa, be more properly tolled a clayey loam, and a blackish clay wort, commonly culled a woodland soil, in which there is plainly a mixture of sand." (If the Vale of Belvoir he says: " that it has no precise hounds, and therefore he designates by that name the (smutty lying between the hills called the Nottinghamshire Welds, and the strip of land running along the Trent on which stand the towns of East Bridgeford, Kneeton, Flinthatn, and Stoke; winch. though not on the tune level with the rest of the Trent bunk land, is of a yellow mixed soil, which will bow the same cultivation, quite different trout what In calls the vale land. The latter is generally a clay ltnin. The Notts Welds farm a high and bleak ratn,u., the soil being generally a told eluv. Now. though it is quite true the clay soils in this district are not so tenacious as our London and Oxiind clays, and some others, it is still a tract of ruts heavy land, managed us such, and requiring draining and skilful numagement to become highly productive in amble culture, and, as a rule, it is very indifferently ina newt'. Sonic exceptions thew arr. ' which show what the land is Naiad& of doing, Jan here there is much occasion ter improvement. Since Mr. Lowe wrote, however, the land, which was then for the most part in COllllllOll field, has tutu enclosed, and nothing is now wanted but enterini4: and capital, well applied by the owners and occupiers, to treble the produce of the north and south clays. Writing of the clay district north of Trent im Met, Mr. Lowe says "There is a great intermixture of open field and inclosed townships; in the opcu field the tom mon course of husbandry is pursued, 'w4- -1, fallow; 2, wheat or barley ; 3, beans, ,pease, or both mixed. Tho latter crop is . very common in this country. The reason given for it is, its smothering the weeds; but 1 have always ob served the crops to be very foul. Folding IS littlo used. Few farmers, indeed, have Stock enough of sheep to do it with any curet. In some places of late years, clover has been sown with tie burley and mown the third year, instead of the beau crop, which, in lands that have been lung in tillage, is often very poor." No wonder, that with such tillage, it was poor. Wherever you hear of "smothering the Weeds, " you may be quite Mire that the husbandry is very Ind, and I apprehend that mut4 of the same vain attempt to smother rather than eradicate weeds forms part of the system of the clay faruters in Mouth Notts at this day. plops were theft, and are still, cultivated to some extent in this - district, but the crops are poor, and must be decidolly,,",unremunera tive." The present system of cropjung in the Ova seems to be most generally :--lst year, fallow ; 2nd year, barley or wheat ; 3rd year, red clover or glass seeds; 4th year, wheat ; sth year, beans; 17th year, wheat, or occasionally oats. Ploughing it performed by horses walking in line down the pnrow, three or finer horses being used, and until thalund lots been well drained, no other plan could be safely adopted. Some, however, adopt a four years' eosins, Ist year, fallow • Led year, burley or wheat ; 3rd year, clover; 4th year, wheat; au4' in attenuate courses the clover in the third year ix exchanged for beans, beans and peat, and sometimes tures. Here the fallow recurring more frequently, the land is kept somewhat more clean. Farms are universally held by yearly tenants, which alone would account for the had culture of these strong soils. In a future letter I shall give you an amount of Wane special instances of good * farming in this district, and eon treat them with the fur more :num* and inferior e systems which prevail. A NunLAND couNnEs FARMER. APOTIIECARIE; llALL—Nammi of gentlemen who named their examination in the science and pfactiee of me dicine, and received certificates to practise, on Thursday, March 13, VW : David Pesten Thomas, ILvieludone, Leicester ; John Wright Baker, Derhv • Thomas Plunket. Edinburgh ; Martin Brydou rab, k r urfar county ; John son Martin, Lancashire. NATIONAL RI , ,FORI AstextATlos. crowded meeting of the Rochester and Chatham branch of the above association took place on Wednesday evening at the theatre, Rochester. Sir Francis Knowles, thirt.e.and Henry J. Slack, Esq., attended as a deputation from London. Tho meeting was also addressed by S. Swele, Esq., J.P., E. R. Cales, E sg., J.P., lt. Hasty, F. Wheeler, and 11. Everett, &gni. The various speak e r* were received with much apAause. Resolutions were passed approving of the prin ciples of the association and condemning the exclusion from the government of the country of men possessing the conti• deuce of the people. THE VINEYARDS OF SwrrstEßLAsn htive been long protected from hail by means of upright poles having cop.. per wire attached to them, termed " panigreles," distant from each other from GO to 100 feet. Ihe formation of hail is an effect of which electricity is the cause, And the cloud being deprived of this agent by tho conductors, descends in the shape of rain. Mr. Murray, in his work on Switzer land, speaks very decidedly of their utility. has then this ingenious contrivance been considered with reference to the protection of the Great Exhibition and its valuable, or rather invaluable, contents ? ur why is it deemed inapplica ble to the purpose ?—.Noter and Quereis.