The Express. — London, England, 1851-08-23 00:00:00

ale erpreols. TO CORRESPONDENTS. Soma SOW o f .111 ihAmistee he nee e•ratt G•artle." pebt6lied mos Twits, sad Friday lughton dam tar 1.4• aamoirsreteloireded ter "TM Mrprode," Lagoa Events' paps, art he of the 41Ihee. la. Doemlasilog. by T.• 11 + , day sf prAliehtisa. HION WATIRK AT LONDON BRIDGE Tags I lb. llersers. liCt ...- ...A I li. Os. I SNIJW•V —Wrists& -Aluires, e. LONDON, NA 7171D.11, AUG CST 23. TttEnr. is no denying it. The country is threatened with a most prolific harvest. Not a chance of food being dear or scarce. Protectionism is in despair. In the southern districts, both of England and Ireland, the sickle is already moving; and the brilliant weather which bhls fair to last, holds forth to the more northern zones of the kingdom, the pro mise of a similar blessing. No appreciable dimmu lion is perceptible in the breadth of wheat sown this year; and owing to the manifold and varied im provements in the mode of cultivation the yield will be considerably greater on an averai,a; than in like seasons formerly. This year, too, we have burrowed a hint from our transatlantic competitors. The reaping machine has been used in many places al- ready, and its success is generally acknowledged.l Competent judges of economised labour aver their ; belief that the existing model is in itself , erompara lively /flunking, but a rude contrivance, upon which many important improvements may easily be made. Hut in the present and probable condition of the agricultural labour market, in the tout and cen nal counties of England especially, there cannot be a question as to the benefit of achieving a rapid and inexpensive method of securing the crop when ripe. 'rhe immigration of strangers has always been a heavy drawback on the satisfaction with which the farmer viewed his early maturing grain. It entailed not only a heavy cost at the best of times with many incidental evils of minor note, but these were often greatly enhanced by uncertainty of wea ther, and all its gloomy train of partial damages and losses ; and these were always heavy in proportion os the expense of " harvest hands was great. A machine which may now be daily men, with the aid of two horses and two non, cutting down an acre of , wheat in the brief space of an hour, and which we may probably lahold .we improved by next year as to do the same wondrous work with the assistance of a single horse and man,—is surely worth a host of Ilt.ntie and I fizzy devices fur the re-establishment of gambling uncertainty in the price of corn. What the farmer wants is a nearer approach to certainty in his outgoings and in-comings. Every physical improvement tends to give hint the one; every legislutiee reform tends to secure him the other. Protecting duties confessedly tended to make all sober calculations of price impos sible. They sometimes insored filk. or Tns. a quarter, 'tis true; but they did not, for they could not, prevent the very frequent recurrence of prices as low as those we have been blessed with for the last three years. The landlords fixed their rents at the former, and the occupiers of land were compelled to lose the ditferenta when wheat fell to the latter. On the other hand, every landlord iu " a close parish" made it an additional pretext for exacting exoereive rent, that Owm were few labourers resi dent, and that the rides were low. Hut just in proportion as this system was carried out, the coat of harvest work was heightened. and the hazards of lima, when the. crop was ready for the sickle, were to be fennel. A steady prier an Mark•lane ' with the knowledge that there is hardly a chance of its vary ing beyond a given range of moderate fluctuation, takes away the excuse for extraeagant, 1. e., far gambling rents. And each new invention which renders the agriculturist less dependent on the weather, and on the casual supply of wandering labour. nets us the mist reliable and least (seq., - of insurances against This, however, dime not suit the landlord view of affairs. Increased yield is no warm of consolation to the bankrupt squire, if it does not contribute to his direst gaits. Nay, it rather aggrivates his sense of despair; for tlw fanner fields in it minimisation for dimmished price, and bo•ins to be reconciled more easily to a state o f" things that lessens his outlay in wages. in rates, and in domes tic expenditure -above all, which every year , furnishes him with a more plausible claim for an abatement of rent. These are the how nn. of 'dewy, and it is only right that they should be clearly understood. At the return of tail season of calamitous abundance, the groans of moribund monopoly may be beard at agricultural dinners, cattle rhos.. and matt,- meetings in honour of respected representatiees who have voted in the past session that a parliamentary pitehfork must he found to bale out the title of free imports. Talk not fii politicians like Mr. Muttonhsad or , lord lAneoster of the advantages which' somety at large derives from a plenteous harvest. What is society at liege to them ? be suffered to Mini ul large through society, and to play the part of gentlemen at large on a grand settle at moiety's cayenne,---these are the hereditary pursuits of the privileged orders ; but as for society in the mass, what s it hut a dumb, dirty. indefatigable serf, made to toil and strive- to play and perish? Wluit does it signify to "a gruthnum by birth and breed ing - what the loaf of fancy bread may cost, of which at his Lite breakfast lie nibbles a morsel or two ?-- Hunger of the million who greedily clutch the unstinted meal at dawn in plentifill tiwos, and gloomily dole o ut to each child its frugal share when the Wane harvest fails, I bread is dear? The hereditary monopolist knows not what you mean; he was never hungry, I and truly he is alike morally and physiealle pubic reslising what duo; most momeniuus of political terms signifies. Let the protectionists t h in order court mourning, fur a heavy attlivtion is nigh. There will be, please Providence, an unusually large and well-saved crop of wheat and burley in England, of oats and flax in Ireland, and, we trust, a fair average crop in bur li countries of potatiwil also. Let not Lord Iblenv forget in his own well-paid Lancashire high rents, the sorrows of his dismnsolate adherents who share in the compensations afforded by the neighbourhood of manufacturing towns. Tire: cast- of •• F.ge•rton r. Itrowulow•," in which Lord Uttax wontit. Viee-Chancellor, gave judgment on Wednesday. is a striking illustration of our law, as applicable to the settlement by entail of landed property, and as such deserves something more than a I'a ring notice. The questions in the cause arose upon the will of the late Kirl of IlminiEwartia, by which, after en tailing enormous estates, and money directed to be laid out in the purchase of land, producing, it is said. an income of 70,0000. per annum, upon the sons of his niece. lady linowNLow. he imposed this fan ciful condition on the existing takers of tho estates— that they should, in order to transmit them to their children. acquire the title of Duke or Marquis of Bridgewater. This large property had originally belonged to the Duke of littincxwarra„ and the one much desired object which the inheri tor of his property, the spoiled child of wealth, found unattainable: fur himself, and hoped to acquire fur his successors, was the dignity of Duke or Marquis. How it was to be accomplished through the agency of such a condition does not seem very intelligible. Was the minister of the day to be corrupted into advising the Crown to confer the coveted title? Or was the life-owner of that property to be incited to acts of greatness, or subservience, and be rewarded with the dukedom f Or was an appeal ail miserirordiam contemplated? Did the testator imagine that the Crown. out of mere pity, and in order to prevent a noble family from losing such a vast inheritance, would make an eleemosynary grant of a marquisatc ? Pro bably no very detined notion of how the object he craved for was to be got through this condition ever entered into the teatator•s mind, and it appears to be one of these dreamy desires often expressed in wills, which ought to be treated, for aU legal and practical , as simply inoperative. Lord enw•oarn, however, has decided other wine. He holds that it is a valid condition, that it is neither lisped* nor opposed to public policy; sod I THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVF 4 NING, AUGUST 23, 1851. that the testator, having a right to do what he liked lwith his own estate, might as well make the acqui sition of a title a preliminary condition to the reten tion and transmission of the property de p endent on . any other, capricious terms not being impossible or illegal; and though the poin t is open to much argu ment, we suspect that, as the law stands, the VICE CII.INCELLOR S decision will be upheld by the House of Lords, where the cause is to be prried by appeal. absurdity of giving any effect - to such conditions is, however, manifest, and ought to be got rid of by direct enactment. But there is far more in this ease worthy of being made the subject of comment than the crotchetty condition about the Bridgewater peerage. It ex . hibits in a strong light the operation of our law of entail, in placing landed property beyond the power of any existing_ person. The facts are these : The late Earl of Bat9Gswayi:o gave his MUM* and estates in the counties of Middlesex, Hertford, Buck ingham, Bedford, Northampton, Shropshire, Chester, Flint, York, Durham, and elsewhere to certain! ' trustees, to convey them upon limitations, which, divested of legal phraseology, are as follow :—To ' the testator's brother fur his life, with remainder to his first and other sons successively in tail ; if his brother died without issue, then the testator's wife was to take the estates for her life ; and this happened, for the brother died childless in 1S:19, only six years after the testator, and the widow enjoyed the pro perty until February, 1549. Then the late Lord Atsonn, eldest 6011 of Earl BitowsLow, became en titled, under the will, to the estates for his life, with remainder to his first and other suns ; and in case he should die without children, then to his next brother for life, with remainder to his brat and other sons in the same way. And various other limitations over in succession were made to other persons. The condition about the Ilatu6tWATEßt peerage was, that if Lord A LVOlCUshould die without having acquired the longed-for title, then the limitation to him and his first son and his heirs should cease and be void ; and also if the Earldom of Brownlow should come to ! him, and he should not acquire the Bridgewater title within five years next after he had become Earl BnowsLow, all the limitations in his favour, and in 'favour of his children, were to cease and be void. Lord ALioan left a son, and the contest in the issue is between that son and his uncle, Lord ALFORD'S next brother, who, the peerage condition being held good, is entitled to the life-interest in this vast property. Ile, however, will not be able to transmit it to his family, unless he acquires, during his life, the title of Duke or Marquis of Bridgewater, and the property will then go over to other persons named in the will ; and even then, in strict settlement, though, we believe, not subject to the condition about the title. Now, just murk the elket of the law of entail in this Case. When the testator died, Lord Malmo was twelve years of age, and by imposing this absurd condition no one can have any more than a life interest in the estate until after the death (Lord Aussie) being now dead) of his next brother, the Hon. Chi tut.ss HES RV CLST. Then his son will not take, but the next person named in the will as tenant for life will succeed to the estate, and so forth. In ordinary cases of settlement it is bad enough that there should be power to give an estate to a child of twelve years old as tenant for life, with a limita tion to his unborn son which is abs olutely indefea sible, until any such son shall come into existence and attain his majority, when father and boll to gether could acquire the absolute ownership • but in this instance. if Lord ALFORD had live d until his son attained twenty-one, or if the present life-tenant, according to Lord CRANWORTICS judgment, Mr. CUST, should have a son who attains twenty-one, there was and can be no power of ob taining an absolute ownership. It is impossible to conceive the owner of un estate in a position less likely to render him an improving landlord than that in which LordAtsosto was, and Mr. Cc r is, placed. j Why should he increase the value of land out of his j income for the benefit, not of his own children, but of I !a mere stranger? With an immense life income him 'self, and the nominal ownership of large estates, be must neither expend his income nor improve his estates, if he means to provide any fortune for his children. Truly must such land be designated property in mortmain Why should this morbid craving after I posthumous power, at the expense , be it observed , ! of all persons actually in existence, be any longer rleyrnitted ? Settlements upon unborn children have en .quivocally condemned by our ablest real pmperty lawyers. The utmost power now possessed j as to postpone the period at which some one must have absolute power over the estate. When the first unborn son, in ordinary settlements, becomes . 1 twenty-one, he. if in possession, or, if his father be living, he and his father have the absolute' dominion. To somebody that absolute dominion must by law be confided, and, as has been justly said by an eminent lawyer, " why should confi denim be reposed in the unborn child rather than in the living parent?" Such a settlement has 'no tendency to protect or benefit the father, whose advantage and comfort ought first to be consulted. jlt dues not shield him from the consequences of his !own imprudence. On the contrary, if his expendi ture should in any instance excetd his income, he as a mere tenant for life, is in danger of being obliged to borrow upon annuity ; a proems which, once begun, proceed* generally, and. indeed, almost necessarily, to the complete exhaustion of his life income. But it may be urged that the settle mcnt preserves the inheritance for the son, or creditors. The son may be an idiot, or a spendthrift. lle may be tempted to raise money by post .bit. At best such a settlement is a speculation ; at • worst it is the occasion of distress, profligacy, and domestic discord, ending not unfrequently as the Chancery reports bear witness. in obstinate litigation, ruinous alike to the peace and to the pro ' perty of the family. Settlement seldom preserves more than a nominal interest in an estate to a fancily, for if the father became involved in debts, he generally contrives, when his eldest son comes of age, to get them saddled upon the estate, and the estate thus en cunilayed resettled,and the son commonly pursues the same course, until the ownership is littl'e more than FRANCE. PARIS, FILIIIAT ETtNINO. M. Rouher, NV 'to of Justice, is appointed to the Ministry of Finance, ad interim, during the absence of M. Pould. M. Fould has left Paris for the Pyrenees. i The Minister of the Interior has declared that the government do not think it necessary to extend the state of siege to the Ardeche. The Mountain Committee of Permanence, who base purposely fixed their day of meeting on the day after that chosen by the constitutional and legal par liamentary- committee, duly assembled this morning. M. Victor Hugo presided, and about twenty mem bers were present. The conversation turned chiefly upon the recent occurrences in the Ardeche. But the committee, following the example of that which sat yesterday, resolved that nothing that was going on in the political world called for their interference. The ca'm which prevailed in the two committees most accurately represents the present feeling out of i doors, which is that of profound tranquillity. Be , yond the usual vacation rumours, and the contradic tions of them, which are made the most of by the papers, there is a complete dearth of news. the Canstitationnet has a very long article upon the religious agitation in Dublin, which, it says, gives rise to the apprehension that we are destined to see a renewal of religions war, in the midst of the 19th century. It comments, in terms of severe censure, upon the conduct of the Roman catholics in calling the meeting in Dublin. They moderation which they displayed, and which was so much to be admired, as showing confidence in a good cause, whilst the Ecclesiastical Titles Bill was pending, the I'unstitationnel now attributes to political calculation. Parliament being over, they now take their revenge upon the Anglicans for the numerous meetings which they held after Lord John Russell's letter. The article quotes a passage front Dr. Cahill's address to the Irish ueople by which he convoked the meeting, and qualifies as most abominable. The expression of sanguinary desires', the ferocious joy at the thought of England's ruin, those inhuman and unpatriotic wishes, are described as revolting to the conscience, and incredible as coming from a priest of the Chris tian religion. After an equally severe commentary upon the proceedings of Mr. Gregg, the article con cludes by the expression of a bitter regret that those faults which they formerly attributed to the Angli cans only justice now compels them to impute equally to both parties. Another rumour is current with regard to the coming elections. It is said to be the intention of the I)uke de Broglie to propose that they should take place in February. 'this would be, beyond all question, legal, the article of the constitution appli cable to the elections only directing that they should take place 43 days at the latest before the expiration of the preceding Assembly. It is contemplated that the new Assembly should be elected whilst the for mer one is sitting, and therefore it would be quite unnecessary that the present Assembly should dis solve themselves in order to hasten the elections, a course which has been frequently suggested. The Prefect of the Haute-Garonne has suspended M. Carrerc, the mayor of the commune of St. Elix. l and his assistant, M. Soule, for having placed their names at the head of a subscription-list for the benefit lof the refugees now in London who were condemned lby the High Court of Justice. M. Emile do Girardin has written letters in the Presse to the l'rocureur of the Republic and to the Minister of Justice to denounce an article in the Canstitatiantal of the 9th of August, which was not only a crime, within laws which lie specifically pointed \ out, of excitation to hatred and contempt of the government of the republic, but was a flagrant pro vocation to high treason and an open breach of the constitution. These letters having been, as M. E. de Girardin must have expected, unattended to, he now writes to the President of the Republic. He says that he is, as is well known, an advocate for the unrestricted i liberty of the press, but failing to obtain that, he 'demands at least an equal measure of justice for all the journals. He reminds the President of his oath to maintain the constitution, and reproaches hint for the favour shown by his government to those journals who treat it with disrespect. In return for ' the support which lie gave to the President at his election in 1848, M. Girardin now asks of hint his support in his demand for equal justice. NI. Suin, the advocate-general, in his speech against M. Sarrans, told the jury that if he were to prosecute the journals of Paris as often us they de 'served it, it would be necessary to have several new courts of assize constantly sitting, and attending to no other business than delinquencies of the press. The Cliarirari observes upon this, very fairly, that it is probably with a view to save the courts trouble that the advocate-general of the republic confines his prosecutions to republican journals only. The Mende/sr publishes an account of the produc tion and consumption of beetroot sugar from the commencement of the season of 1830-31 to the end of last month. The number of manufactories at work , was 30,), against 28.8 at the same period lest year. I The total quantity manufactured was 80,398,378 kilog. against 67,7,0,606, and the quantity sent out 73,432,070 kilog. against 61,194,124. there re mained in the manufactories at the end of the month 6,836,308 kilog. against 6,396,483 at the correspond ing period last year. By a return of the receipts of the Customs, just published in the Manama., it appears that the I I amount received in July, 1831, was 10,493,939 fr., I being 1,323,727 fr. less than in the corresponding month of 1830, and 1,996,433 fr. less than in 1849. At the Bourse to-day the Five per Cents. closed at 93.33, without change from yesterday. The Three per Cents. rose Ise., and closed at 37.40. SPAIN. MADRID, Aro. 17. The English packet-boat which arrived at Cadiz on the 13th had on board General D. Francis Armero, who had just quitted the command of the naval station at the Havatinah. It is not yet known ' whether the general will accept the portfolio of Minister of Marine which has been offered to him. He is expected immediately at Madrid, and on his arrival a decision on the ministerial crisis will pro bably be come to. nominal. If the condition of the majority of our Eng lish landed proprietors could be enquired into, it would be found that settlements have not prevented immense incumbrances on their estates, and that the effect has been to increase their difficulties by pre h venting sales, which are the natural means of relief. This is a subject which must be looked nt boldly by !our landowners, if they would avoid an Incumbered Estates Act for England. ITALY. PIEDNIONT. The Minister of the Interior, upon the report of the Council of Prisons, has determined to establish a school in every house of correction, in which, besides the usual elementary instruction in reading, writing, and the Christian religion, arithmetic, the metrical decimal system, and line drawing are to be taught. All prisoners am to be admitted to these schools after the period of close confinement which the prison regulations require. Exclusion from the school is to be a punishment for bad conduct. The schools are to be open three days in the week for one hour. On :'sundays and fete days they may be open for two hours. The chaplain of the prison is to be present frequently during the lessons. The Cruet di &intuits of the 10th says : TUE HEATT PORTION OF THE INDIA .MAIL.—The Oriental Company's steam-packet Indus, Capt. J. Soy, ar- I rived at Southampton this morning, and landed her mails under the charge of Lieut. Brady, R.N., Admiralty agent. Her dates arc: Malta, Aug. 12; Gibraltar, 17. Among her cargo arc 19 packages of specie. Among the passengers is' Mr. Borthwick, one of the engineers of the Egyptian Rail- I way. This railway is to commence immediately, and the whole of the English staff necessary for its formation is ex pected to go out to Egypt in the Indus on the 20th of September. THE I.7IBRERLEY TRAGEDT.—The melancholy in- Serest esissed by this unfortunate affair has been Consider ably increased by the circumstance that no government inspector Was present at the inquest. Tkere is a talk of attempting to quash the verdict, under the impression that the inquiry we+ informal. We are assured that the Minister of Public Works has just concluded a preliminary agreement with Mr. Brassy, which is to serve :is the basis for the railway undertaking from Turin to Novora. This line, which will run on the left bank of the l'o, will touch Chivasso, Cigliano, Pan da* St. Germain, and Verceil. Mr. Massey will be the general contractor, and consequently one of the principal shareholders of the company, which is to execute all the works at its own charge, and have them completed within thirty months from the day of the definitive formation of the company. TUSCANY. • - Pt: sLle WOnks.—on Wednesday some returns, ex- 1 tending to 36 folio pages, obtained by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, were primed by order of the II ouse of Commons, relative to loans for public works. It appears that the total amount contracted to be advanced far great Britain' and Ireland was ole,9•iW. The amount advanced was 10,49'2,3451. The interest paid was 2,446,64.54. ts. The principal repaid was 3,989,8,24 9s. Id., and the principal unpaid, 3,2047/. Its. Ilan. The total principal and inte rest paid iuto the Exchequer on account of loans advanced by the commissioners of i mblic works under the several acts to the Sth Jantuery last was 8,436,2171. 13s. Id., of which 2,446,34 51. ts. was interest for advances made. From June, 1817 (the tint appoilntinent), to the Sth Jan. last. the estimated profit on advamV for public works by ' the commisaionen was 1,416.3541. rig. 3d., from which ' 100,387/. 2a. Bd. had to be deducted t. 7 expenses, making the net profit 1,315,9671 9s. 7d. The ea 'senses of the board last year amounted to 3,4801. 4.. 7d. The awounts placed by varlotta acts of parliament at the dispoe. , l of the tom massioners for public works to the sth .1 =lazy :ant were 10,996,000!., of which 248,2261. 10s. 3d. remained ant: issued on the 6th January last. MIDLAND MAILITAIN—This company have made• a ea, for the ninth isatalmont of 31.6 a. Bd. on their 60/. th atei. Resin 311.6. it pa Aare coned op. The French journals, La Presse, Lr National, and La Republique, arc prohibited in Tuscany. ufort than n o n % li m fe lu , ,e l thhuenitransyetpaietthyyt hoeueronstrnegogt.le Gemeau, does not directly pe rsecute the people, the hne in Rome by Mr. de Ray neval and General at that momesnett(afthrMmayouts,loB-iyal) w g e rci re ti a tu d d d e--[ r"si t n li g e ' II whoprotected the arsecuted I I • luguenots in France It is now time to awake and to , • seconds them in it. being called together after the events of May:, ad- • , join us. so, nn , d s i n of need, but it lws the Roman authorities to do Chamber of Peers, as well as the lower house, on Cromwe . P he All free eirishes of the European continent an f increase of assassination, which threatens to became loyalty—see official journal of that date) --whilst t • ca l of N h The lamentable consequence of such a course is the dressed the throne in a sound constitutional spirit of And so we come to a practical proposition. h " 'ted " • honourable and judicious. It Is poor t emse to a um commi tee, w itch resides a complete system of organised vengeance. The lust records of their brief parliament display a con . serva. the Ina States North America, have to submit victim of the stiletto was an individual named Cowan, five spirit, alike of this ' moment in London, in order to pursue tho ecclesiastical authorities, at the s u gg estion of struggle a g ainst jesuitism and religious oppression, the reputation of being a spy. The da gg er was lett Thei i in the employment of Ca rdinal Antonelli, who had consolation nowto cry per: ! tablish ecclesiastical tribunals which shall committee appeals to the sympathy of the Engl;sh in his body, and is said to have been precisely of the Rome, have addressed the government for permis- with combined and welldirected force. Ihe united same description as that which proved fatal to the sion to es be empowered to punish offences against the Roman people, and appeals to every one who is a friend of Chancellor Evangelisti. h support their labour and to join them.—l am, Sce crease the irritation and discontent prevalent in the those who neglect confession—in a word, to establis Every act of the goverment seems destined to in- . catholic religion. They ask also for powers to punish religious liberty and of the progress of humanity, n, JOHANNES RONGE, provinces. You may recollect that on the e ven -'c a Holy Office, or inquisition. Lower Mount Cottage, Lower If • r was greeted with a series of festivities throughout thehis visit to the Pope, ignor Pirelli,Commissa y lion of the republican form of government the t lam informed, a few dais after the King's return Ilampstead. of each town or village, represented by the mum- 250,000 scudi for his Holiness Pio IX. Ihe money date, the expenses being borne by the community of War, was sent to Rome by his Majesty with eipality and chief magistrate. The Papal govern- ! was sent as an indemnification for expenses went has now bethought itself of this fact, and has and injuries caused to the Roman states when the issued a most sapient circular to the provincial mini- Neapolitan army occupied Albano and Velletri. cipalities, declaring that, as the republican govern- This is a remarkable stretch of honesty for a govern ment was an illegal one, its orders should have been ; ment which to this day is indebted to Piedmont for studiously disobeyed by its subordinates, and that their share of expenses caused by the " Italian war therefore the magistrates must refund the sums of Independence . ' According to the Roman faith which they expended from the municipal hoards fur good Christians can buy themselves out of purgatory, so infamous a purpose as celebrating with festive and many a Pope, for a much smaller sum than rejoicings the downfall of his . holiness—" di fatto e 280,000 seudi, has lifted a sinner out of 'limbo!' di diritto she the sovereignty of the Roman May not this be cash on account. states. Another circular inflicts a fine of two An Austrian frigate, bringing the younger brother dollars per diem on the chief magistrate of the Emperor of Austria, has arrived in Naples. of each municipality, so long as he neglects His Royal Highness immediately proceeded to Gaeta to enforce the payment of the burthensome tax on to visit his Neapolitan Majesty. all classes of tradesmen, agriculturists, and manufac turers, and professional men of every denomination, which has been so long hanging in terrorent over the reluctant population, but which has not hitherto been carried out. The poor magistrates may remon strate in the words of the old song " It is not so easily done as said," to collect impracticable impositions, and restore the exhausted finances of a ruined ex chequer. The official journal of yesterday evening announces that paper money, to the amount 9,585 dollars, has been withdrawn from circulation and set apart to be burnt, a corresponding amount of treasury certificates having been disposed of during the month of July. You will be amused by the old story of the British Consul's removal from Rome being again revived by some Italian papers. The Motlenese Me.senyer pub lishes a letter from Rome, in which it is asserted that Mr. Freeborn has finally been removed from office by Lord Palmerston, at the earnest request of the papal and French governments, who solicited his recall on the oft-repeated pleas of having given pass ports and pecuniary assistance to political refugees, and of having been, as the i'ectrie states, the most active and zealous promoter of the protest against the bombardment of Rome ; so great a crime is it in the eyes of civilised France to have endeavoured to save the Roman treasures of antiquity and art from the destructive effect of General Oudinoes bomb shells. The llimwynnento of Turin takes up the cudgels in defence of our consul, and I trust that his conduct throughout the very difficult and trying position in which he has been placed ever since, and even before the political events of the last few years, has been such as to ensure him the full support and approbation of the British government. It is easy 'o imagine that in this ill-fated country, and indeed all throughout Italy, with the exception of Piedmont, it is a crime to assist those unfortu nates whose political conduct may have subjected them to the unrelenting vengeance of Romish priests, I Neapolitan kings, or Austrian marshals; and there fore we must not be surprised if Mr. Freeborn has incurred the hatred of the agents of despotism, who arc now perpetually . spreading the report of his dis missal, on the principle that "coming events cast their shadows before." Although the British consul himself is not as yet a sufferer by the ill-treatment of the ecclesiastical authorities, British subjects, I regret to say, are by no means treated with the courtesy due to a great nation. Signor llnlbi, a native of 'Malta, a cameo cutter, and a most respectable person, arrived from that island on the 3th inst., and landed at Civita Vecchia, where he was seized by the police, stripped of great part of his clothing, and deprived of his lepers, including his regular English piussport, signed by General Ellice, pro-governor of Malta, instead of which a temporary passport was given him, with which he was allowed to continue his journey to Rome. Such arc the indignities to which British subjects are forced to submit through the suspicion, the fear, or the hatred of tee ecclesiastical authorities. NAPLES, AI*MST 14. The universal interest which the publication of Mr. Gladstone's pamphlet has excited, not only in England, but on the continent, has no doubt induced many generous minds to hope some change of policy —some cessation of suffering—some return to jus tice, will take place in Naples. lam sorry to say I have no such good news to communicate; nor have I the least hope of being able to report any improve ment in the government of the Two Sicilies, whilst the present system is supported by Austria and Russia. The King, lam assured, has sought the ad vice of his northern allies, and those cabinets know perfectly well he has so Mr committed himself, by- a violation of his oath, and the persecution of many thousands of his subjects, that his Majesty can only rule with bayonets, or retire to Mivart's Hotel. The common cant of the dishonest few is, "The King is not aware of what is going on." Certainly his Ma jesty cannot know every individual case of misery; it would occupy the ordinary life of a man to do So ; but the King must know . he has called about him dishonest advisers—men without heart and soul, pledged to any amount of injustice and cruelty, and placed ut their disposal a physical force executive. Instead of blushing at the revelations of injustice and cruelty which are now before the world, it is thought right to combat the huge accusation by ingenious counter statements, which I have already seen in some of the French prints. I can personally testify to the truth of Mr. Gladstone's statements. The number of political prisoners he has himself treated with caution, as no doubt lie anticipated that was a point open to contradiction, because the statistics of the prisons in Naples are as great a mystery as any other subject. I have vainly endeavoured to oStain correct returns, but hare only suc ceeded in being able to see the prison registers of a particular period. What I pave' sought to find is the number of "orders to arrest" since the closing of the parliament up to the present time—that is the only way to arrive at the truth. On a late visit to the islands of Naples I found about 1,200 political offenders distributed over these retreats, and paid by government a earlino (4d) per day. Now all these men had been in prison and were removed to make way for others. I am told the prisons of Naples, including those of the Neapolitan provinces, will hold 30,000, and yet they were not large enough for the vengeance of the Neapolitan government! Who has ever revealed the number of prisoners in Sicily ? The dungeons of Messina are known to be crowded with dying men, who actually rot in eaves under the level of the sea —surely, more merciful was the tyrant of old, who caused his victims to leap the rock! Mr. Gladstone has only narrated a few of the cruel ties which have taken place in Naples since In4B, and probably those which came immediately under his own eves, but I could fill a copy of the Daily News with instances equally revolting and horrible Here are two or three of recent date : The sister of the un fortunate Leunica was thrown into prison fur ten days, accused of assisting a politically persecuted re lative in his escape. This is following vengeance beyond the grave of her murdered brother ! Two e ° lh t ) h u e n i e r r o b n ro t i , adi t w ir o cosfwaihrumenolrdiellaesnihi: imprisoned brnflntnaftoneiudsednnnybdoy!ntfuotohnrnecontmAtl.acceemet"nom!arnc,ph:ittibeh.nwoietnnn,asg,Ntlot' to ROUE, p n hl o cesa w r l o i wif bc wt ra htho t n e le d as innocent, but ordered to leave Na- ROME, Atousr 8. Mr. Gladstone's remarks upon the dungeons of the paid spy—the old story—no trial—no investiga- Naples. and the paternal mode in which the Dour- tion—the victims of a system—Er uno discs mows tonic sovereign treats his ex-ministers, have been The readers of the .Daily News have known the widely although secretly circulated in this country, state of Naples for months past. The fa cts in the in in _l t a h ce e and have produced a most profound sensation, not so narrated by Mr. Gladstone may be found Kinge c Ferdi as such at t o x f ul s t ur ati p o ri t r a tatitt:Tei co ng nd ml t throughout nand when n s hoifothissieilijonuornNaila—jefoactyts found supporters wer were taking g th p e c°- Ibarape. The government of his holiness may more British House of Common facts which se Ins be subjected to the same strictures, and it is place when the nines put on a convenient were taking an iee/ily to be regretted that the French government mouthed the praises or Ferdinando ll.—facts should have had the power, without the will, to were taking place when that journal covered which prevent so many crying sins of misgovernment. It puties of the Neapolitan parliament withthe de true that the French government, as re ted abuse, de prawn si g natin g men as demagogues and revolutionists who PORTUGAL. By the Indus there are Lisbon dates of the 12th inst. The Madrid arrived out on the 12th inst. from Southampton. The Oberon steamer had also at-- rived, having parted company with the Trafalgar, 120, in the Bay of Biscay. The Lisbon advicestontain the railway project of M. St. Romano, which had been submitted to a public meeting held in Lisbon on the evening before the packet left. A committee was nominated to consider the plans, which propose to raise the needful funds for constructing railroads, and other public works, by the sale of all landed property involved in litigation, the ho!ders to be re-imbursed by a 5 per cent. railway stock. It was said that there is no chance of this project ever being carried into effect. Lisbon was perfectly tranquil, although reports of some disturbances at Matra were prevalent. The Duke of Saldanha was at Coimbra, and it was as serted that the electoral process was proceeding favourably for the return of moderate chartists and SUPPRESSION OF RELIGIOUS LIBERTY IN GERMANY. TO THE 501T011. OE' THE DAILY NEWS. connected with the fate of your own : y ou therefore SlR,—The fate of our protestant co untr y is closel y cannot avoid feeling the deepest interest in the encroachment of popery on our ancient religious liberties, and in the suppression of the new reforma tion in Germany, which by the Pope and the despots in this very moment is going on. I speak of the " German catholic church or of the " free parishes," whose existence is now at stake ; it is the existence of many thousand parishes and schools throughout the whole of Germany. Protestant Prussia having yielded complete sub mission to catholic Austria, popery bursts rapidly in and overflows all protestant parts of Germany. Under various names the Jesuits are kindly received by the governments in their dominions and re warded beforehand for their services by rich dona tions of landed property. The King of Prussia, the grandson of the philosopher Frederick the Great, is completely in the hands of the catholic retrograde party. So the police and the army of Prussia are in the service of the dark and sanguinary plans of Rome, and nobody in England would ima gine the persecution to which protestant clergymen must submit, who are reluctant against preaching. from their chairs in favour of court-martials and breaking of oaths, the two favourite measures of the German courts. In the first line of persecution are placed the "German catholic parishes founded since 1544. Having proceeded by successful agitation within the walls of the Roman catholic church, of course they are hated above all by . the ruling jesuits. It was very natural of Mettermch to declare cri minals the partisans of these parishes, and to banish them from Austria. But since the revolution of 184 m a great many " German catholic reformed parishes' in Austria and Bavaria came into existence. And they were fully entitled to do so, as every one of our 34 Sovereigns solemnly upon their oaths war ranted absolute religious liberty to their subjects. But now in the course of the counter-revolution a real hunting up of all these parishes, who altogether may consist of about a million of people, has begun. In Austria, they are no longer allowed to worship or to meet. Their clergymen or churchwardens are imprisoned or driven out of the country. The clergy man of the parish at Vienna is declare insane by the catholic clergy, and so confined in a madhouse. In Prussia, the government is more cowardly but not less cruel. Last January the ministry of that chief protestant country in the continent held, in a prisy council, the deliberation whether they should, destroy at once the " free religious unions," or kill them by and bye by measures of force. The council decided for the latter way. So the Prussian governs ment endeavours to please the lope and —the Czar. Since 1f443, of course, in these parishes, numerous marriages have been contracted. The books of the I parishes and the statements of those contracted mar riages were recognised by the authorities. Now, suddenly, the government declares all those mar riages to be no better than concubinage. Mr. Editor,—Call into your mind the confusion and the alarm which, by this diabolical measure, are brought into thousands of honest homesteads ; fancy the trials which must originate from it, the spolia tiona of the fortunes of so many innocent children the offsprings of such marriages, if dishonest judges take up this measure of the government as a law of the country. And you can rely upon it that they will do so, poor Germany having no other source of law besides the wretched souls of those governors. And they are not satisfied by disturbing the sacred home of these unhappy families, they persecute every individual of these parishes from his cradle to his grave in every instance of his lifetime. The new born infant, if it is not brought immediately to a state church parson, is picked up by the royal gens darmery, taken to a state church, and there prepared for the blessings of eternity ; for such is the command of his Majesty, the grandson of Frederick the Great. The worship of the large 'parishes having been in existence for more than six years, was not at once prohibited. Riots were apprehended. But there was a police measure at band. The government took away from them the chapels, which were lent to them by their protestant fellow-citizens. So it hap pened to the parishes at Berlin and at Breslau. To the small parishes the command of prohibition at once was handed over. The Lord's Supper of free parishes has been punished in several towns by im prisonment. So it happened in Konigsberg. Public officers, who were members of free churches, have been dismissed. Even the support of the poor child ren of those parishes is forbidden, and the schools which the free churches had erected are shut up. In Breslau, where to the free parish belong 10,000 souls, the Ladies Union proposed a public auction of ob jects which they themselves had worked, for the benefit of poor i children. The Berlin govern ment prohibited t. At Breslau and at Nadhauscn the " childrens' gardens" (Kindergaerten) of the " Ladies Union " are dissolves'. What do you think these gardens are, that they should frighten that warlike Prussian government ? The " Kindergaer ten" are playing rooms and gardens for young children from three to seven years, in order to be educated there by playing together, under the super intendence of members of the "Ladies' Union" (Frauen Verein). Indeed the Pope could find no protestant } K .e i e ng ee a t n t d hi h e t , a s bo ir, m th in e a re ble ee go uld v better tool for his destructive purposes than this And do e be rnm en e y nt. con nexion between the conversion of the King of Prus sia and the papal invasion on England ? I think Lord John Russell knew real facts when he stated in parliament that there was a wide-spread con spiracy against all European liberty and religious freedom and enlightenment. Was it not close after the Olmutz meeting and the . glorious battle of Bron maJesdueit iheisAeupsitun appearance ni t o f t e w d h e c e n ? Cardinal And Wiseman dese zell, or the shameful submission of Prussia to that t think the Jesuits will gain their ends better in Great Britain, where such powerful superstitions of every kind support them, as soon as they have thoroughly en Th eet e ed d te cli e n th ies ee, o t f he al t l tnhearetionise leftare subdued that country, which is the cradle of the Reformation and of so many distinguished men of art the wtth a o n ee d el sc es ice e e l n ). be covered by the darkest night. The free catholic church, an offspring of the Ger man scientific progress, is the most powerful enemy of papacy and jesuitism. It takes away from them I the people, the families, the children, the schools. Shall the free protestant people of England and America sleep, meanwhile this new reformation in their motherland of Germany is crashed by the bloody hands of senseless pots 1 Let them raise their powerful cry of just • • Let us have gbe COW. OSBORNE, FULDAY, Ara. 22. The Queen and Prince took their accustomed early walk yesterday morning. The younger branches of the Royal Family also rode and walked iu the gardens sal grounds. The Earl of Liverpool let yesterday. There WWI no addition to the royal dinner party. Sir George Grey has derived considerable benefit from the sea air, and is now very much better. Despatches were sent off yesterday from the Colonial office to the Governor of Canada, and the Governors of the other North American colonies. (Prom last nIM,r. (la:elle.) DOWNING-STREET, Avo. 20.—The Queen has been pleased to approve of Mr. Cornelius M.Caullay as Consul At Belfast for the United States of America. Exilturru)9 OF 1931.-11er Nlajesty's Commis sioners for the Exhibition of 18.11 hereby give notice that the Exhibition will dose to the public ou Saturday, the I Ith of October. The goods may be removed on or after Thurs day, 16th October.—J. SCOTT IitASZLL. STAFFuttll 11. NORTHCOTE.—Exhibition Building, August 19, WI. HER MAJESTY'S VISIT TO MANCHESTER. The good people of Manchester are beginning to get into a fever of anxiety already about the propo,ed royal visit. Distant, in point of time, as is her Majesty's arrival in the great manufacturing town, the question of a fitting reception has already been the subject of grave considera tion among the authorities, and amongst the population 4 large scarcely two people meo, either in public or private, on business or pleasure, but incidentally it forms a topic of consideration. There can be no doubt what will be the re sult, for, as there never was a sovereign of these realms who thought it worth while to pay a special visit to the lieges of these industrial districts, so it may be as safely af firmed that no sovereign before had so universally the love and esteem of these people. It is very early at present to speak of the arrangements so far as the towns are concerned, for it is hoped that her Majesty will visit both the borough of Manchester and the royal borough of Salford; but an out line of the plan iu contemplation by the authorities of the county, acting in concert with the Earl of Ellesmere and the London and North Western Railway, is very generally spoken of, and may be mentioned with some degree of certainty. The Queen will, it is said, reach Worsley Hall, Lord Elles mere's, on the evening of the 9th of October. She will reach ratrieroft, per London and North Western Railway, and go from thence in a splendid canal barge belonging to the noble earl. The distance from l'atricroft to Wortley Hall by the canal is about two miles. The canal passes imme diately in trout of the hall, at the distance of a few hundred yards only. The arrangements contemplated by the Earl of Ellesmere and the county authorities, whilst they arc such us will effectually protect the royal party front improper intrusion, and preserve order, are such as will afford means for much public gratification on the part of those who wish to see their Sovereign and give expression to their loyalty. The present station at Patricroft is situate close to the Bridgewater Canal, leading to Wortley Hall, but is not one of the most elegant or commodious ones; but the Lon don and North Western Railway Company, it is under stood, propose temporarily to enlarge it, and to cover it over, as a protection from the weather. The station can be so extended, by means of temporary erections, as to extend over the Bridgewater Canal, and thus her Majesty and royal consort will be enabled to descend at once from the platform to the royal barge on the canal. The public are nut to be admitted upon this platform, but will be allowed to approach within certain barriers so so to have a good view of the . ceremony of her Majesty's reception and departure. So along the whole line of canal : the public are not to be allowed to ge upon the west or towing path side, but on the eastern or right bank, which is the private property of the Earl of Ellesmere. Along the greater part of the route arrangements will be made for the people to stand by the , water's edge, but they will be admitted to this prii liege on condition that they do not attempt to run along with the royal barge to produce disorder and ueseeinly tumult. The . right bauk of the canal, which is easily accessible, is well adapted for the purpose, and though six to eight miles ilia , tent from Manchester, no doubt/the SCOW will attract great numbers of people under such an arrangement. Opposite to Woreley Hall it is proposed by the noble owner that a . pavilion and landing stage shall be erected on the canal, where her Majesty will land ; and private car riages will convey the Queen from thence, by a new carriage drive, to be specially constructed for the purpose, to the mansion. The ground rises with a gentle swell to wards the hall, and it is said the Earl of Ellesmere liber ally proposes that parties shall be admitted to portions of the grounds, under certain limitations, by tickets, giving • view of the landing stage. Her Majesty, the Prince, and the royal suite will pass the night at Worsley. On Friday morning, the 10th, his Itoyal Highness Prince Albert is expected to drive over to Manchester, accompanied by the Earl of Ellesmere, to visit some of the principal manufactories, and inspect some of the most curious processes of machine making, as well as the machines themselves—including the machinery used both in silk and cotton manufactures. Her Majesty will leave Worslcy about noon fur Manchester, accompanied by the Countess of Ellesmere, the Doke of Wellington, and suite, taking the carriage -road by Swinton, Pen dleton, and Salford. The royal cortege will be escorted by the Worley troop of yeomanry cavalry, under the command of the noble earl's son, Vie count Brackley, as far as the boundary of the borough of Salford. The royal party, it is expected, will pass through Peel Park (one of the people's parks) whilst in. Salford, and there it is probable the authorities will pre sent an address to their gracious Sovereign. The remainder of the route through Salford will be by Chapel-street, passing over the new Victoria-bridge (named after her 11lajesty) into Manchester, affording a good view of the venerable cathedral church. The arrangements beyond this are understood not to have yet been decided upon, but it is expected that the Queen will pass through the mag nificent room of the Exchange, and through some of the principal streets of the town, to the Town Hall, where the Manchester corporation will present an address. Her gracious Majesty and royal consort return to Wonky to dinner, and after passing a second night at the mansion of the Earl of Ellesmere, depart for one of the royal palaces in the south. The dis- Mace from Worley to Manchester by the public road is eight miles, and with a view to giving many parties a better view of the royal cortege than they will get in the crowded town, as well as with a view to drawing a portion of the populace from the town, where they will inconve niently throng the streets, it has been suggested t o the magistrates that spaces along the sides of the road might be enclosed and occupied by permission, on proper previous application being made, by Sunday schools and other publicand private bodies. It is proposed to illuminate the bet roughs of Manchester and Salford in the evening of the 10th, In honour of the royal visit.