The Express. — London, England, 1853-02-03 00:00:00

gue earvrefm TO CORRESPONDENTS. .401.4 Iditim • f "1 he rape*" ***mar ,* mow twasbart• .• Gamma," la pubadiad a•wy Taaday add rrtear a**. * Was br atm tiarowatafaarne.ed for " "Ma rarfor."ldeba blob( papa, num 41 at tlar Ontra, 10. Esurrie•aarert. Two Oda* wa tN day of pabitattion. MOH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tan 11. Ws.. ....Aflecuora. 9a No. 11 1 $408A0w--illinias.lua .AAprassa. HI. In. LONDON, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 3. A PROAPENOMI future is smiling before England, and must be ours, if we only betimes adapt ourselves and our institutions to the needs of our present and growing Isesition. Hitherto much real suffering, both political and social, has arisen from the die proFoi tion between the number of labourers and the demand for labour. Labourers being over numerous, in proportion to the need fur their rervices,competed with crch other for work, until the payment of labour was naturally reduced to that point at which the re ward of exertion was very little more than enough to keep the workman in health to persue his toil. The limits of our island were circumscribed; all the land was appropriated; there was no "far west" into which the surplus population could swans when the settled portions the land caned so ample reward as the prize of their indus try. hence, an accumulated population is particular places ; a glut of the labour market a fall of prices oftentimes absolutely to starvation point ; and no heart or leisure amongst the mew for cultivation, mental or bodily. England, for awhile over-gorged with . pauperism, and often alarmed at the prevalence of crime, found extensive relief by the growth and spread of her manufactures. The peoplo who were tenable to find profitable employment in the rural districts, flocked into the towns, and secured, amidst the din of factories, employment at once useful to them selves and to the community. This growth of town populations, whilst adding to our national wealth and to our national independence, rendered Free Trade in food most necessary ; and, thanks to intelligence energy, and united action, a Parliament of landlord; weee at last convinced of the need to allow the free importation of cora to a country whose fields were restricted, but whose productive manufacturing indus try was unbounded. Free Trade has done, and is doing, wonders in its way, but now another influence has stepped in to aid its beneficial operation, and place us on a par with others hitherto more fa voured. Whilst England—crowded by men . achieving, by steady effort, new directiOns for indus try and new freedom for commerce, her offspring, America, was rushing a-head in the race of nations with unparalleled speed. The Anglo-Saxon in the New World was outstripping his brother in the Old in rapidity of political progress,—in growth of popu lation,—and in the signs of social progression. Brother JONATHAN had mere schools, more newspapers, and more railroads, more telegraphs,—and more ot many other less desirable things—than Jowl Butt. Labour fetched better prices, and every mau l who wished it might, if he pleased, set up in a farm and become a freeholder for himself at the cost of a fuw dollars. This easy independence of the masses gave an independebt tone to the whole fabric of so ciety, and liberal institutions grew naturally out of the combination. The great secret of all this was, the real supply of unappropriated load. AU who failed in towns or who felt a taste for the country had only to push towards The West to find a fruitful sail purchasable in he for a few shiLings an acre. Ame rica had no surplus population. Men were not a drug. Labour was at a premium; and Noes the tendency to cultivate men in schools, to entrust them with political privileges, to allow them a free press, and to permit the ready action of their opinions upon the machinery of the State. Sprung from a stock that has always cherished a desire for liberty, the Anglo-Americans found in the unbounded scope of their fertile territories the basis on which to rear an indevindent population ready to achieve for them selves ample political privilege.. It.erent events evidently point to an equalisation of these advantages between the English in the New World and in the Old. The extension of free load., the growth of the mercantile marine, and the improvement in steam navigation, have all minted in linking, not only America, but Australia, so cleeely to England, that we begin already to enjoy that advantage which America so long monopolised—an abundance of new fields fa surplus labour. Ame rica is now not more difficult of access than Scotland once was, and • voyage to Australia, with its gold fields, costs very little more than had at one time to be paid for a trip to the Lakes or to Paris. Steam has practically bridged the ocean between Old Europe and New America and Australia, and the Irish labourers flack to the one whilst the English and Scotch ars peopling the other. We, like Brother JONATHAN, now have new fields —we, too, have a moving frontier tempting civilisation aver its border—and there our surplus population is fast moving. Plenty of good ships now place a New Home within reach of all. Let us only enjoy peace and quiet stud we shall surely see the time wn pauperism will be as light a burden to us as it is to our cousins across the Atlantic. The report of the Itzois- TaAlt-OZNZIAL points to the fact that taking the last year through the number of emigrants from the United Kingdom was not less than a thousand a dep. Many of these are, of course, from Ireland. Bat England and Scotland give their share. From three Enema Feu alone — London , Plymouth, and Liyerpooi—there sailed during the last three months 6013 molds. The population of Ireland has, we know, from fever and the Exodus, fallen back greatly from what it was t—England. at the present pace, promises on the score of population to do very little some than Mud still. "At present, it is irrobable," aye the Ballinlimes report, " taking all einem- Mantes into asesnat, that the emigration from En land is not expel to its sutural increase . " But the ItlnOleTtAlt is ad odds about this. Here are his 10.1a ri births Is the ware - MOW, the deaths IS,st s imtatal immure iris UAW The amber of 2rto who sailed is the aesstt from Loathe was ; rime" 1,676; Bosspool , 41,317 ; from the Owe pa 46. 316 . The twee sambas who sailed hem the pools oldie 17aited Llserkee at whim& thus me goverumeat esdepeties mesh smoonotai is NAM homy Vibe saes' hen saes pees see see to he Mum sad it weD hewn OW a image properties of the IlUal/SOIS who sal hem Limped ass by bit* Irish. At mesas it Is probable. asking ei sissnmsomess mesuas. that the Illedkin bobs* knee swiss issnataist Jansen. Ni mess of emisreate who said haring the year 1852 hem the pets of he limited IlLkohom at wirieh tiers are salpiaties apish reseal Se 7, et certainly net loss. tailor the year through, sad other poet. iato so west. thaw 1.1159 a day. ilksall this state of ibises yp on, we shall inevi- Sesi the isllammo is same mimes which web M remarkably h lks United States. Men mad wises will rise in Oho sold scale, they will be weed aboating and suldenting, and be worth liberal swiss. Good wipe_ will obtain skilled kiwi* sad skilled Mae sill bettor profits to the toyibiso of it. Iwo* will taxed to bobs mpoo • is do sprain et foe tie MIPI of loos Ina tbo_ WNW Ideas el ndt Mom dog Mow sandy eft ploy:omit awl ham rem ma say hops for moral berellaillist and snail responsi bility, bnogiso with Asa—as ortainly as was, and is, the area h Massioo—the miscassion to the ddo otiolly of a bossier and well Ipd ollie stpillial power. ON Tuesday evening tb. inhabitants of London were enveloped in heavy folds of a darkness not only " visible,■ but tangible—capable not only of being seen, but touched and gaited. It was a quasi•realia tion of BYRON'S dream : The bright sea was extinguished, and the stars Did weeder oisridy through tle menial epee. Every one who was adventurous enough to be out of his house on that evening was subject to a kind of social paralysis. To him all the benefits of civilisa tion had departed. He was sent back to a period when gas was not known, when oil and tallow were matters of luxury, and not necessity. He found himself in a position which was analogous to that when All heart' Were ehilkd, into a selfish trays: for light, sod when many echoed— Happy were those who dwelt within the ere, Of the volcanos and their mountain torch. 1 THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 3, 1853 Torches of any kind were difficult to be procured. ,1 '1 he oilmen, believing in improvement and progress, had never speculated upon the possibility of snuffing out the lights of London, nod regarding links, 1 as actually . of by-gone times, had few to sell.' Thus the lieges were left in darknesa. The little " light that was granted came chiefly from the situp windows, by the reflection from which the heavy wove of the fog might be seen surging like a cloud-deluge. In the midst of these surges every thing else stood still. The fog overwhelmed all things so completely that there was no safety, except in nut moving. the estimable sisterhood of old ladies, who are "honorary members" of the "Carlton," believed that the precursor of the deluge spoken of by their priest and prophet Lord MAIDSTONE had i really arrived, and they accordingly " rejoiced with to It is certain the aspect of the fog on Tuesday evening must have appeared pecu liarly soothing to a Carlton mind. It must have preached the doctrine of the possibility of stopping all sorts of progress very convincingly. We have lately been told of the wonderful &dean ' I n e s which omnibuses have conferred on the inha bitants of the metropolis. The tog "put down" the omnibuses. Not one entered the City aßer the enemy showed itself. We have heard of the benefits that gas has showered upon the public in lighting up alt the dark corners t ha t served for the perpetra tion and the concealment of vice. The fog was an extinguisher upon the gas. London was practically in Cimmerian darkness. A stalactite cavern in Der byshire, or • mine in Cornwall, before either is illu minated, is not worse off than was the great me tropolis of the world on the evening of Tuesday. Looking upon it in a suggestive point of view, this is a great fact for the Tories, and in precisely the same point of view it is en unpleasant fact for us. The analogy between things moral and material is sometimes so striking as to make imaginative per sons believe that they stand almost in the relation of cause and effect. That there is a moral or political fog over the whole length and breadth of the Continent is clear to the eye of the least observant. Just as completely as the fog—of which foreigners believe that Lon doners enjoy the monopoly—put out the moon and stars and artificial lights of London on the evening of Tuesday, has a dense atmosphere of despotism shrouded the lights of liberty and intelligence in the despotically ruled portions of Europe. "They manage these things better abroad," has been lately the exclamation of the few of the Tories who have been taught to quote. The evident possibility of putting out material lights at home, may perhaps inspire them with hopes that they may be able in the end to manage things in the moral and political world just as well here We so far coincide in the Tory reasoning as to think that it is possible that people who shut their eyes to material evils are just as likely to be blind to moral and political evils. Why should London in the nineteenth century be at the mercy of a fog ? We have conquered wind and tide by steam. We have annihilated space by the electric tele graph. We have not annihilated space, but we have brought it under subjection by the railway. We do battle with damp and miasma, by draining and ventilation. We beat and conquer, and tyrannize over nature in hundreds, in thousands of ways by all kinds of inventions, and yet we are brought to a stand-still in London by a fog. In London only is it that the king of mist can not be combated. If any one on Tuesday even ing had wished to proceed from Euston-square to Birmingham, he might have done it almost as safely as on any other day in the year. Had he wished to reach the City from the same place, it could only have been done at imminent risk of life or limb. The greater part of the omnibuses ceased to ply, and cabs were led by link-boys, if the passengers could succeed in obtaining their services. Yet all the while, under the feet of every oze who lost him self in the fog on the evening in question, was flow ing a stream of gas that needed but to be evoked to throw a light that no fog could ove rp ower. London is really like the plains consecrated to the Brewer shippers in Persia. You have but to pierce a few feet below the surface, and the tube that is fixed in the orifice brings you up an abundant supply of light. Why not make this light tributary in the event • of a great fog? Why not, in all the large public thoroughfares, at least those streets where the public vehizles run—have a row of extra largo burners laid on, to be used only in the event of a dense fog? The posts at the corner of the streets might be used for this purpose, and each gas lamp might be provided with one or two projecting tubes, capable of spouting out a jet offlame such as lights the gas-pipe menders, or like those which glorify many a butcher's shop. It is not our business, however, to indicate a pre cise plan, that would be a question for parish autho rities and gas-light companies Our only intention is to . point out the plain fact that when the metropolis is visited by a dense fog, London is little better off than it was a thousand years ago, and to suggest that the remedy is easy. accompanied by the Empress. Rumours are still rife of a ministerial modification, which, it is thought, hes town the salient of discussion at the Caswell. - The Freese tads'', in a very spirited article; written, as I have remain to believe, long ago E in the expectation of an opportune inument.for publication, records the utter failure of the system of regolatiog ! the public press which the government of. Dee. 2, 1&51, fondly hoped to carry out. Whoa Louis Na poleon suppressed the National, the Aveneenent, and many other journals especially hostile to himself, and when moreover he subjected the whole press to arbi trary and " harsh, biting laws ' " he nevertheless felt that the semblance of a free press was ne cessary in France. He shrank from push ing the assertion of his favourite principle of authority to the extent of saying, " I will allow nothing to be published that I do not approve of." But he fancied that by means of constant menaces of suppression by giving "warnings" to journals that a second or third offence would entail the destruction of their property, he might drill the opposition press into an attitude of ostensible inde pendence and harmless hostility, which would impose upon the public without occasioning serious incon venience to his government. The result of the ex periment is accurately described in the article in question which, though signed by another name, breathes the spirit of the courageous editor of the Freese, Emile de Girardin. French protestants are at this moment subjected to a slstematic annoyance amounting to a petty perse cution. The dictatorial decree of March 23, 1842, which made the permission of the prefect or mayor necessary to legalise any religious meeting has been the pretext for a course of conduct towards protes t ints wholly foreign to the fundamental spirit of French law. In numerous recent instances meetings of an unmixed religious character have been prohi bited, protestant clergymen have been tined, and protestant schools have been shut up. Several bishop!, encouraged by these pro.eedings of the civil power have publicly manifested an intolerance towards protestant, which has not been openly professed since 1789. Complaints made to the minister of public worship have hitherto remained unredreased. It will be short-sighted policy of the priestly party to carry this intolerance too far. There are two millions of professing protestants in France, many of them rich and powerful, and the partisans of religious liberty ar.d equality among the nominal Roman catholic. are without number. The Mayor of Marseilles lately announced to the municipality that the Emperor had condescended to order plans to be submitted to him for an imperial palace to be built at Marseilles. The Messages du Midi, in making this announcement, takes occasion to observe that Napoleon I. contemplated building in all the great towns of France, such as Wei l :Se:az, Toulouse, Marseilles, and Lyons, and passing . a pert of the year in each of them. It is impossible to assign limits to the mag nificence of Napoleon 111., and noshing is more likely than that he will attempt to, realise the project imputed to Napoleon the Great. It is thought likely that he will make Versailles one of his residences during the ensuing summer. No sovereign has lived there since Louis XVI., on account of the expense, but that is not now likely to be a difficulty. The dismissal of M. Saida Garriga from the gover norship of Guyana is noticed as follows by the Patric. It is curious to observe the way in which the semi official journals now speak of a functionary whose every act, until his disgrace, they were always forward to defend: The government has rightly fudged that a work so con siderable as that of the evacuation of our hulks and the establishment of a penitentiary in one of our distant colo nies requires a pet feet understanding between the mind that conceives and the hand that executes. It could not tolerate relaxations of discipline and those infractions of all admin istrative rules which infallibly lead to the depreciation of all authority. A Paris letter, in the Independence Belge, nav e: The following fact I have heard from a member of the diplomatic corps, who had it from the highest authority. The Emperor has determined to purchase from his privy pane, the diamond necklace of 600,000 fr., which the Empress refused to accept from the Municipal Council, in order to have the sum voted for it applied to &imitable works. The Emperor would not allow the Empress to be deprived of this ornament, and was unwilling besides that the money which the necklace would cost should be pre vented from flowing into the channels of trade. There was another slight improvement on the Bourse to-day in the prices of securities generally. The Three per Cents closed at 79 francs 60 cents; the Four-and-a-lhlf per Cents at 105 francs; and the other Rentes a shade better than yesterday. Rail way shares were also firmer, those of the West espe cially; owing no doubt to the decree in the Monueur this morning approving of the recent modifications in the company. Exchange on London is down to 23.05 at sight. The latest prices on the other Continental markets were thus reported to-day : MISTERDAII.—Four per Cents., 931; exchange on Paris, 211}. Baussns.—Five per Cents., 981; Four-and-a- Half per Cents., 98; Bank of Belgium stock, 911 1. BERLIN.—Fives, 1011; Three-and-a-Half, 94 ; Bank Stock, 100. MADRID.L-Threes, for account, 40; ; let class (re n d.) Debts, 10 ; second ditto, 5: ; Bank of BL Fer dind, par. V a lENNA.—Fiver, 941 ; New Loan (A), 94; ; ditto (B), 1051; Bank Stock, 1,355; exchange on London, 14150. SPAIN. A Madrid letter of the 27th ult. states that the im perial marriage was the topic of discussion in all circles of the capital. The blind hawkers, whose custom it is to cry flying sheets containing the news upon oo caaions of public excitement, make the air resound with—" El casandento del Emperador de los Fran capes con unit Espanola." The papers were caught at with eagerness. It was said that Queen Isabella intended to present the French Empress with an Imperial crown, set in diamonds and precious stones. The Duchess of Albs, on her side, was to send her sister a team of eight splendid Andalusian horses. inhtibitanh only :60 in number the resistance wan unimportanf. Three thousand head of cattle' enriched the Russians in this raid. knorrospondent writes from Moscow:— The celebrated " Uncle Tom," that remarkable negro who has already encountered so many strange adventures, confi rm, his course through the world. In Russia he Is becoming known through the medium of a very negligent transla tion of Mrs. Btowe's book, and enjoys grist re p u t a tion. The polies do not interfere although the circulation of the work repining as yet unauthorised. In Russia, you are aware ' enfranchisement is the order of the day, per haps this has somewhat to do with the non-interference of the officials. As soon as the first copies of the work arrived, there were so few of them that they made the tour of the town, being let out to hire for two hours at a time, and thus passing from one hand to another of She useovite aristocracy. Trusty servants were sent from house to house with them wrapped up in silk, or batiste, with as much care as a new born infant, and hidden in a little portfolio. To-nay thousands of " Uncle Tom's" circulate in the capital, and I am informed that a very distinguished man is at this moment engaged upon a Russian translation. FRANCE. PARIS. WIDNISDAT EVIMIAO. The manufacturers of Puy have forwarded a handsome present of choice lace to their new Em press, as a specimen of their tasteful productions, and a testimony of their devotion to the Emperor. The Emperor and Empress yesterday visited the manufacture of Sevres, and were well received on their way, both going and returning. On being in formed of the recent death of an artist of the esta blishment, the Emperor gave I,ooofr. for the widow, and mewed M. Itegnanit, the director, of his in terest _ _ --- Congratulatory addresses to the Emperor on his marriage appear in this morning's Moniker, from the municipal councils of Amiens, Clermont, Bar-le- Due, Dijon, Strasburg, Meta, Montbrison, Bordeaux, Melon, Bt. Etienne, Arena, and Napoleon (Vendee), as well as from. the Court of First Instance of Nantes. The approaching Carnival in Paris has called forth some . very stringent regulations from the pre fect of police, which have been very variously re ceived by the Parisians. No Rerun will this year be allowed to carry any insignia tending to ridicule those who exercise public functions, or to wear any ecclesiastical costume, or any other religious dress legalised by the state; and no masks of any kind whatsoever will be permitted in the streets between the hours of six at night and ten in the morning. The Minister of Public Instruction has published some voluminous regulations, occupying more than half the government journal of the day, in reference to the mathematical elision during the present year. It is officially announced to-day, that the Duke of Puma was absent from his duchy when the French Empire was proclaimed. On returning . to his capi tal, his royal highness hastened to inform M. de °shrine, Chargé d'Affaires of France, of the receipt of new letters, by which be was accredited to the court of Parma, as the representative of his Majesty the Emperor Napoleon. A first-class medal of honour has been awarded to Mr. John Donre, an English ',abject, resident in Terre-Nerve, for numerous signal services rendered to the French mercantile marine. The Illositetw states that the appointment of the Baron Brenier to the embassy at Constantinople is only temporary; and that the return oft he Marquis de Lavalette, whose services are highly appreciated, is owing to no other cause than leave of absence in consequence of ill health. On its restoration the Marquis will resume those functions at the Court of the Sultan, which the Baron Brenier merely fulfils ad interim. The wife of M. Bianchi, formerly editor of the Messager du Nord, who had been expelled from France, was arrested on Saturday last at Roubaix. She was accompanied by a child, who carried a basket containing six copies of • prohibited pamphlet by Victor Hugo, and a copy of • political work by M. &hoslcher, relative to the events of the 2nd of De cember. From discoveries made by the police, they proceeded to Madame Bianchi's residence, and there seized 3,000 copies of the proclamation of Charras, and about a score of one of Victor Hugo's most ob noxious pamphlets. A valuable coal field has been discovered in the . Forest near Douai. Four new veins of the very finest quality of coals have just been commence d, and from one of them alone, with • comparatively limited application of labour, the produce has been 1,100 hectolitres a day. The Emperor came from St. Cloud to-day to attend a Council of Ministers at the Tuileries. He was GERMANY. One of the chief subjec&s in the programme of the Prussian legislature for the present session—the com munal laws—was discussed on the 29th ult. These laws, which were meant to determine the extent and mode of local self-government in Prussia, were posed in 1860 at the earnest request of M. Manteaftil. It marks with tolerable plainness the progress (or rof the Minister's opinion, that these laws, which advocated on their introduction as conser vative, be now stigmatises and endeavours to destroy as revolutionary. The debate was adjourned, after a powerful speech from M. Vinoke. ITALY . Letters from Genoa state that the emulation of the inhabitants of Savoy was excited by the projected railway for uniting Genoa with Lyons, vi& Turin and Chambiry, from which they expect to derive considerable advantage. The chief enigma of profes sional men was the crossing of Mount Cenia. One I propoldtion was to make nee of the cascades which fall winter and summer from the lake on the summit of Mount Cenis as a motive power for driving the carriages up the steep. A Sardinian engineer, named Mans, had invented a machine for perforating the mountain, bat the tunnel, it was thought, would b e I too long (4,000 metres) to admit of proper ventiler l tion. A considerable step towards the solution of the difficulty had been made by the discovery of a place where the mountain might be pierced by a tunnel of only 1,200 metres. In a letter from Nice of the 23th ult. it is said : " Yes- terday morning our population enjoyed an imposing spectacle. The French squadron, composed of seven ships of the line and three steamers, manoeuvred in the bay." The Piedmonteae Casette of the 28th ult. announces that from that day private individuals would to forward despatches by the Turin andeham bery electric telegraph. RUSSIA. Russian accounts from the Cancans report the surprising and destruction of a Circassian village by the troops of the Czar, on the 28th of December. The Russians advanced in two columns, and as the MONTENEGRO. The Vienna Prease states that George Petrowitch has been informed by the Austrian government that orders have been given to the authorities acting on the' Montenegrin frontier to admit and shelter any Montenegrin fugitires who may present themselves unarmed seeking refuge on the Austrian soil. At the samo time, it is added, Austria will preserve a strict neutrality in the actual strife. George Petron itch returned to Montenegro— having abandoned the design of going to St. Peters burg—on the 27th ult. It has been officially announced at Constantinople that all the prisoners taken in Montenegro will be brought thither for trial. This is a great advance upon the old practice of cutting off heads, to which the Montenegrins—for whom sympathy is claimed as for Christians—fondly adhere. WEST INDIA AND PACIFIC MAILS. CONTINUANCE OF YELLOW FEVER. Yesterday, tho royal West India mail packet, La Plata, Capt. Charles E. Weller, from the West Indies, &c., arrived at Southampton, and landed her mails under the charge of Lieut. O'Reilly, R.N., Admiralty agent. The following are the dates of sailing: Vera Cruz, Jan. 5 ; Tampico, 1; Havana, 9; Chagres, 8; Carthagena, 11 ; Demerara, 9; Trinidad, 11; Barba does, 113 ; Antigua, 13; Martinique, 17 Grenada, 12; Porto Rico, 14; St. Thomas, 19; La Guayra, 9, Bermuda, 11. The La Plata brings 29 passengers, among whom are : Mr. Phillips, Jamaica; Mr. Soler, Porto Rico ; Mr. Wasbury, Mr. Meister, Mr. Souffraine and female servant, Mr. Kerr, Capt. Desmuns, Mr. Delacourt, Mr. Clifford, St. Thomas; Mr. and Mrs. Leith, Mr. E. Johnston, Valparaiso; Mr. Schaffer, Mr. St. Ours, Mr. Mansilla, Panama ; Mr. Clarke, Cartha- Vena ; Mr. Johnston, Mr. Ehcnnett , Mr. lterkeral, era Cruz; Mrs. M•Leod and three children, Mr. Dadril, Trinidad; Rev. Mr. Dillon, lady, and four children, Dominica; Mr. Jeffries, Barbadoes; Mr.' W. Brand, Demerara; Mr. Lahaye, Guadaloupe; IRev. Mr. Edwards, chaplain of her Majesty's ship Dauntless, Dr. Allman, 2nd West India Regiment, Barbadoes; four gunners and drivers, Jamaica; one gunner and driver, Barbadoes. The freight on board consists of 1,000,000 dole. from Tampico, Vera Cruz, and Panama, of which 21,500 dolt'. are on account of Mexican dividends; 138 wrong of cochineal, 32 serons ofjalap, Barons of indigo, 51 cases of cigars, 2 bales of sarsaparilla, 30 kegs of ginger, and 59 packages of sundries. The deaths in the West India Company's fleet since last adviccs are : Messrs. Ede, Channel, and Priagle, pursers; Mears. Woolle and Allen, mid shipmen ; Messrs. Irvine and Bac y on, engineers of the Dee. Also Miss Pope, and Messrs. Brown, Mills, and Behr. The yellow-fever is declining in the West Indies. It is worse at St. Thomas than at any place : 75 men have died on board the Dauntless. The Ad miral has ordered her to be towed into a northern latitude; but the captains of her Majesty's ships will not allow their men to go on board of her. Who ever goes on board of her is almost sure to die. The La Plata has been very healthy both on her outward and home ward voyage. Only one man has died on board of her, and that was from dysen tery. Dr. Wibliu, the health-officer, has given her pratique. Jamaica was very healthy. WINDWARD AND LEEWARD ISLANDS. ... Until within the last two months, these islands, with the exception of Dominica and Antigua, have been suffering much from want of rain. The sugar crops, in consequence, have been much injured, end will fall far short of last year—Barbadoes being at least 16,000 hogsheads. We regret to add that yellow fever still continues its dread ravages amongst all classes and all colonies, in the Islands of Barbados., Trinidad, St. Lucia, Martinique, and Guadeloupe. Indeed, a funeral pall seems to hang over, and a general mourning Iprevail over the whole of these colonies, without exception. For whether from yellow fever, small pox, hooping-cough, and the general fevers of the country, never, since the memorable year of 1816, has the King of Terrors reaped such a fearful har vest. Antigua in particular has been deprived of the greater portion of its oldest and most respected inhabitants. It would be difficult to describe the feelings of the colonists in general upon their perusal of the speeches of ministers upon the Budget received by the last mail. It is not that the death-knell of all their hopes of protection has been rung, but they looked for this from other hands. Well might they ask—What value is now to be placed ou the vaunted sugar motions, and frequent declarations of sympathy of the colonial minister? What credence to be given to the cele- ' brated pamphlets of Lord Stanley on the West India Colonies, while just indignation pervades the whole community on the cold-blooded and premeditated in sult contained in the palpably ignorant assertion of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, " That the non acceptance of a government loan proves their pros perity ?" As well might it be said, that were you to place bread before a starving beggar, whose limbs were utterly paralysed, his inability to stretch forth his hand and seise the loaf was a proof that he was neither hungry nor paralytic. Welooniis— welcome Brother Jonathan—anything or everything except such recreant statesmen. VERA CRUZ. By the Bee del Ctenercio, of the 28th Dee., it appears that on the previous night the citizens of Vera Cruz united en moue, and appointed a com mittee to wait upon the City Council and express their dissatisfaction at the actual state of the country. The City Council, aware of theme intentions, had called an extraordinary meeting of their body to listen and attend to the wishes of the citizens, who through their committee made known the desires of the public by stating that it would no longer see with indifference the gradual downfall of the whole country, so clearly exemplified by the decay of their once flourishing commerce in their porta of Vera' Cruz, &c., &c., and believing that the plan of " Gua dalajara" is the only one that can improve their con dition, they request it to be adopted. They also request that the tariff established at Tampico be adopted u the moat suitable manner of equalising and re-establishing commerce at Vera Cruz. The committee for the citizens having laid the above propositions before the council, a committee was appointed by that body for their consideration, composed of Memos. Artie, Bello, Crusade, Vila, and Esteva, who having retired for a few moments, returned with the following resolution : That taking into consideration the urgent request of the good and faithful citizens over whom they have the honour to retitle, and that it is the Council's duty to advance the welfare a the city and encourage its commerce, do g be lieve that this can only be accomplished by equalising the tariff with that of Tampico. And that as public tranquil lity is not likely is be disturbed (by the late proclamation of the garrison of the Castle of flan Juan D'Ulloa) propose to the deliberation of the Council the following and only resolution: " The honourable City Council approves and adopts the request of the inhabitants of Vera Crus in all its parts." This being agreed to unanimously, was signed by 411 the members present. The last accounts from the city of Mexico ate of the tad January. They represent the government on its last legs. The belligerents had met near Guadalajara, and Generals Minon and Vazquez, let .._ fluid 2nd oommanders of Aristas' troops, are reported to have been killed, and their force to have dispersed. ! The Chambers had authorised government ut the, 11th hour to make a loan of 2,000,000 dols., to be guaranteed by that part of the customs revenue still' free; !nit there was nu hope of its realisation. We'. are hourly expecting news of a rising in Mexico. 1 Business is almost at a stand at Vera Cruz. I PANAMA. JAN. 6.—The Pacific Mail Steam Ship Company's steamer Tennessee arrived here on the 30t1t ult., I bringing United States mails, 2,192,739 dols. 51 cents' in gold dust for the United States, and 280 pitmen gen,. Her dates from San Francisco are 16th ult. The rains had commenced, and there had been several riots in California on account of the great scarcity of flour. The Pacific Steam Navigation Company's steamer Bolivia arrived here at 6 a.m., on the 3rd inst., bringing her Majesty's mails, 175,944 dols. 16 cents in bullion and specie for England, and twenty pas :mg:v. The Boliviahrings acleieca that the Chilian frigate I Constitution was at Guayaquil, where she had been f sent to demand explanations and satisfaction for some ! misunderstanding concerning General Flores. This day arrived a vessel from Guayaquil, bringing 33 individuals, Jesuits, who have been expelled from ' their country for being friendly towards Flores, and 1 the governor of this port would not allow them to land. This vessel also reports a revolution having taken place in Quito against the existing govern ment. ' We expect her Majesty's ship Amphitrite here from the Mexican ports about the 20th instant, with about 800,000 doh. in specie and bullion, for ship meet per Royal Mail Steam Packet Company's steamers. The rains continue to be very heavy, but we hope to have fine dry weather in a very few days. The railway pro , gresses with the promptness pos sible, but will not be finished till 1854. Remittances from resident merchants here amount to 43,885 dole. per present steamer. Tho Australian Pacific mail steamers are very anxiously looked for by all parties here, as well as in many of the West Indian Islands. CALIFORNIA. The Alta California thus epitomises the events of the early part of December : S.nce the sailing of the lest steamer, we have received the news of a disastrous conflagration in Shasta City, in which twenty buildings were destroyed, and property to the amount of over 100,000 dollars. The Courier office was destroyed, which, together with the building, was valued at 20,000 dollars. The fire is supposed to have been the work of an incenniury. During the last for night it has been raining almost in ceuantly, and the rains havetextencled to all portions of the state. An unusual quantity of snow has fallen upon the mountains, and the small streams have been so greatly ' swollen as to prevent commuuication with various parts of the mines. The waters of the Sacramento are higher DOSS than they were last year, and the Tuba river has already overflowed the lower portion of the tit) of Marysville. The damage done wns but trifling, as the waters soon sub sided. Sacrament, city is uninjured, being protected by a levee, though thu waters were four feet above the level of the ,streets. Many bridges have been swept away on the streams, and cattle and lumber to • large amount lost. Sacramento city has been rebuilt with permanent struc tures, and the city has again resumed its lively aspect.' Many of the buildings erected are tire-proof, and of a sub stantial nature. The engineers have commenced the survey of the pro jeeted railroad from Marysville to Benecia. The distance is only about seveety-eight mile., and it is confidently expected by many that the railroad will be finished in course of three years. A survey of the Sacramento Valley Railroad has been made, and the enterprise is spoken of very favourably. Ihe scarcity, and consequent high price of flour in the mines have caused some excitement in the mining region. A meeting was called to take place at Mariposa on the 2nd of December, to take some action in the premises. The notice held forth that the flour was monopolised in this city by foreign capitalists, and threats of IS serious nature were made. It is not known what action the meeting re solved to take. It is stated that in Mariposa county there is nut one week's supply, and to add to other misfortunes, the scorn crop has failed. What flour there is commands 80 dollars per barrel and many miners fir weeks have been subsisting on beef and potatoes. Hon. Thomas J. Roach, county judge of Klamath county was drowned on the 28th of November iu attempt ing to swim a small mountain stream emptying in the Kla math river. He was an officer in Colonel Stevenson's regiment, and was a young man of • superior order of Went, and highly esteemed. A committee of citizens have been in session in Los An geles some time endeavouring to ferret out the murderers of General Bean. Their investigations have led to the de tection of two murderers and the exposure of a large gang of robbers - and cut-throats. One of their number, Reyes Feliz, was hung by the people en the 29th November, and another, Benito Lopez, has probably met the same fate ere this. The murderer of General Bean, it is well as certained, is a native Californian named Cipriano Sandoral, who has so far succeeded in eluding the grasp of kis pur suers. A whole caballed& of horses, numbering 100, were stolen from White's mach, near Los Angeles, on Dec. 2nd. They have not yet been recovered. On Friday, the 10th inst., Jos4 Fermi, a native of Valen cia Spain, war publicly executed for the ' murder of a coun tryman in Pleasant Valley, on the 13th of September last. A large concourse of persons were in attendance. It was the first legal execution in San Francisco, and was con ducted in a quiet and orderly manner. The officers of the French frigate Penelope were enter tained at a sumptuous banquet a few days since, given by Mr. Patrick Dillon, the French consul at this port. Miss Catherine Hayes was present, and a large number of our distinguished citizens. The frigate sailed on Tuesday for Panama, and was visited previous to starting by a large number :of gentlemen on board of the U. S. surveying steamer, Active, Lieut. Alden. An interchange of friendly sentiments was had, and the meeting wag very interesting. Miss Catherine Hayes has riven six concerts in this city with the greatest sumac It is understood that she will re main until the let of January. (For Commercial Intolllgamm, We P4* t) VDe Court. WINDSOR, Flll. 2. There was no addition to the royal dinner party yesterday. The Duke and Duchess of Leinster, the Earl of Carlisle, and the Earl of Mulgrase have been incited, and are ex pected to-day. Earl Granville, Lord President of the Council, gave a grand dinner on Tuesday to the Cabinet Ministers and the great officers of State of the Queen's household, for the pur pose of settling the roll of sheriffs for the present year. The company present were the Earl of Aberdeen, the Lord Chancellor, the Duke of Argyle, the Chancellor of the Ex chequer, Sir James Graham, the Right lion. Sidney Her. bert, Sir William Molesworth, and the Marquis of Breadal. bane. The Hon. William Bathurst, Clerk of the Council, also dined with the noble earl. The banquet wee given at his lordship's residence in Bruton-street. A deputation from the local executive committee on the Manchester and Salford Boroughs Education Bill, consist lag of Mr. William Entwisle (chairman), Mr. John Peel (honorary secretary), the Rev. C. Richson, and Mr. J. P. Banling, were introduced by Sir James Kay Shuttleworth, and had interviews with the Earl of Aberdeen, the Lord President, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Duke of Argyle, Sir James Graham, and Mr. Sidney Herbert in the course of yesterday. The Commissioners for auditing the public accounts, with their Secretary, Mr. Bromley, attended the Chancellor of the Exchequer yesterday at the halt-yearly declaration of accounts. A Deputation, consisting of Sir James Duke, M.P., Captain Stanley Carr (Chairman of the Committee of Aus tralian Colonists), Mr. Henry Moor (late member of the L. C. of New South Wales), Mr. Duncan Hoyle, of Vic toria ; Mr. Samuel Pratt Winter, of Van Diemen's Laud ; Mr. V. L. Foster, of Victoria; Mr. James Robert Morri son, Australian merchant, London ; and Mr. John Bourne, mvil engineer, London, had an Interview with the Right 00. B. Cardwell yesterday, at the Board of Trade. The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council Council sat yesterday, and commenced hearing an appeal from Canada Pollok e. Bradbury." The Lords present were Lord Justice Knight Bruce, Vice-Chancellor Turner, the Judge of the Amiralty Court, Sir J. Patteson, and 8i B. Ryan. THE WELLINGTON TESTIMONIAL Mr. Talbot presents his compliments to the sailor of the Dail News, and will feel much obliged if he will give insertion in that journal to the accompanying ropy of a letter from the Archbishop of Canterbury, in answer to Mr. Talbot's letter to his Once, of which a copy appeared in the Daily News this morning. 10, Downing-street, Feb. 2. Lambeth, Feb. 1, 18.53. Stn,—l beg to thank you for the letter which I have just received , and which, when made public, cannot fail to show the reluctance which you have felt from the begin ning of our correspondence to attempt anything beyond the offering to the clergy the opportunity of forwarding the great object of usefulness and benevolence which it is in tended to associate with the name of Wellington. I have the honour to be. &e., J. B. CANTUAR. I lion. W. P. Talbot. ACIIILLI V. NEWMAN.—A correspondent requests us to state that immediately after the sentence was paved upon Dr. Newman, last Monday, the fine was paid, and he left the court accompanied by his friends.—Evening papw. FATHER GAVAZZI'S FAREWELL LECTURE. A very numerous assemblage congregated yester day evening in Eseter.had to hear Father Gasaari deliver his farewell lecture previous to his departure for Ami rice. The reverend gentleman, having first spoken at great length in Italian, repeated his observations in excedent English, and was fully comprehended and lout:ly cheered throughout. He began by deploring the slavery w,J mental blindness id Italy, a state of things which it vs. i:4e main business of the papacy to peep stuate. Popery could nut esist with a free press, tree speech, or the sig..: of public ' meeting ; and, therefore, the whole power of the Pope and the despots who supported him, WAS directed against these three great institutions of lteedom. The people were, generally speaking, kept in a state of ! mental blindne S., and the clergy took upon themselves the ' duty of leading them about. Among other clones they sought to preserve their flocks from the contamination of had books, and, therefore, out of their great kindness, they kept back the Bible, which, by the fourth rule of the index eapwvatoristi, was set down as a book of a highly immoral tendency. (Cheers, anti I iughtet.) The Bible was the word of God, and the Church of Rome, in ait iiholdiui. it ' from the people, had, in his opinion, forfeited all claim to be called the primitive church of Christ. (Hear, to ar.) Such was the state of things in Italy that to read the Bible was a crime ; to live by it was a crime, but to teach it was a sin fur which there waS ne redemption. (ilea, Liar.) Would , the people of England reandu quiet it their ruleis forbade them to read their Bibles ? (Loud cries of "No, nu.") No, they would rise as one man to defend their right of con science. (Great cheering.) A time would come when Italy also would rise and insist upon her rights. (Conti nue d cheering.) The English people flattered theta...lves, he believed, that their Bibles were doing great good in Italy, but he said, nu. One gentleman had proposed to complete the reformation there by sending over 10,01:0 Bibles, but he could tell them that 30,000 would be of no use without they sent teachers also to expound them. (Hear, hear.) They knew the persecutions the poor Italians had already suffered for reading their Bibles, hut they did nut perhaps kuow that the Inquisitiun was in full three in that utihappy country. The ouly cardinal they bad in England had triumphantly asserted that the Inquisition was no more, and had triumphantly cited France, Spain, Portugal, and Brazil as proof of the fiat, but his eminence had forgotten Italy, or else had considered it to ho not of suflieieut geo graphical importance to demand enumeration. (Laughter.) His eminence was either right or he was wrong. If he was wrong he was then a very ignorant cardinal, and if he knew the truth and concealed it, then was he a cardinal impostor. (Cheers.) Did the Inquisition exist in Italy? Let the imprisonment of the Medial answer. (Loud cheers.) The Madiat were imprisoned because they haul dared to adopt the Christianity of tl.e Gospel. (Hear, hear.) Moreover, what was not generally known in this country, they were illegally imprisoned, because the law under which it had taken place was obsolete. The fact was, that the. Church of Rome was now taking out of its armoury the weapon with which it had, in the sixteenth century, resisted the progress of Lutheranism. (Hear, hear.) The people of Italy were disposed to return to the primative church, but were prevented by the Pope, and let kis audience remember that they had their Savanarola Wore Germany had her Luther, or England her Cramer and Knox. The rev. speaker then touched oar the Maninghi affair in Piedmont, contending that the arrest was illegal, even according to the laws of that country, venial secured freedom of conscience to all the people. But popery was rampant in Italy, because the Pope was on the hest possible terms with all the despots in the world. The Russian Bear, the Pope of St. Petersburg, bad affectionately em braced the Pope of the Vatican, and so had the despots of Prussia, of Bavaria, and of Saxony. What a pity, seeing they were so fond of him, they had not taken him off to St. Petersburg, or, fetter, to Avignon, his ancient see I (Cheers and laughter.) But, no, the tyrants loved his lioli ness very well at a distance, but none were anxious to take hint Louie with them. The ruler of " Most Christian" France had sent his bayonets to strangle the Roman Republic, and to cement with the blood of 1,100 Roman citizens the unholy alliance between his Meet Christian " highness and the father of Christendom. (Hear.) Italy could never expect her deliverance from France. No; France had sold Italy in 1799, had deceived her in 1831, and had killed her in 1849. (Great cheering.) Therefore Italians expected nothing front I.'ranee nor from Louis Napoleon—the man of Strasbourg, of Boulogne, and of the coup d'aut. (Hear, hear.) Italy expected deliver ance only from above, and from the struggles of her tons. (Continued cheering.) Their first struggle must be for de liverance from Pope and popery, and civil liberty would then be a task of easy achievement. He had been asked, was he a protestant ? No. Ile was a Roman Catholic of the primitive church, as established by the Apostle Paul. lie was a Roman catholic of the time been: Rome had either Pope or popery. (Cheers and laughter.) Turaidg to England, Father Olivetti alluded at some length to the Ecclesiastical Titlee Bill of last year, and denied that the titles claimed by ltomish ecclesiastics were required by the canon law. In the ease of Cardinal Wiseman they were especially unnecessary, as the title of cardinal was that of a secular prince, and had nothing to do with religious duties. Cardinal Wiseman was a very bigotted man—hicotted from his Irish parentage, from his Spanish birth, and his Romialt education. England should have nothing to do with car dinals. Her last two were Cardinals Pole and Beaton, both most inimical to the national interests. (Hear.) The English people had felt troubled by the agitation of O'Connell, but what was that compared to the rebellious machinations of Cullen, Mediate, and Cahill? (Hear, hear.) These worthies all received their inspiration from Golden-square, where the cardinal kept a most excellent cellar of wine, and it was no wonder that his pupils should go forth a little excited against Eng land by their libations. (Laughter) Thu sole mission of this so-called cardinal, was to make converts, and in every other way to further the interests and views of Rome. He had come here an obscure priest, known by nobody, and had successively become " Doctor," "Very rever end," c r " Bishop of Melipotamua"—(a laugh)—then " Vicar apos tolic," " Archbishop of Westminster," and lastly, a tall blown cardinal. (Cheers and laughter.) So it was with the church of which he was so active an agent. First it had humbly prayed for a small corner for worship, and now it was spreading through the length and breadth of the land. (Hear, hear.) The cardinal sought now to put the church of England iota the small corner. The cardinal's disciples from the College of Maynooth were rude, savage, unedu cated, and rebellious. (Hear, hear.) These men had nothing to lose and much to gain, hoping by rebellious agi tation ultimately to obtain as much disunctiou as the car dinal Weisel!. Their character might be soon learned at Paisley, at Greenock, or at Birkenhead, and was developed in the riots of Stockport and Six-mile Bridge. (Hear.) The Ribbon Societies could also tell what was the character of the Maynooth priests, who kept their secrets and screened them by their silence from the penalties of assassination. (Hear, hear.) To talk of inquiry into Maynooth was nonsense; they should withdraw from it the support of the state. It was the cobra di capello of England, and the only remedy . was to destroy it. (Great cheering.) They talked of religious equality ! Let them go to Hun gary or the Tyrol and establish it, or to Italy and strike off the fetters of the Medial. (Cheers.) Ile warned his audience against the machinations of the Jesuits, and im plored the ladies of England to raise their voices for the poor nuns, in order that they might speedily be delivered from their consecrated gaolers. Here, again, inquiry was of no use ; what they must go for was instant abolitioq. But the Jesuitism they had most to fear was the Jesuitism of Oxford. (Hear, hear.) Ignatius Loyola was not half so dangerous as Dr. Pusey, who under his o:opium toga hid a snake which in time would, if not scotched, poison all England. (Hear, hear.) Why dig he not declare Ihr Rome at once ? England wanted no " half and half " in matters of religion. (Cheese and laughter.) One of the worst enemies of proteetantism was the Bishop ' of Exeter, who had established auricular confession an d absolution under Mr. Prynne, nunneries under Miss Sellon, and mariolatry and the invocation of saints and imps were sure to folow. (Hear.) In conclusion, he, a poor Italian exile, grateful for the hospitality afforded to himself and countrymen, begged to caution them againat all ' these perils. The church or Eimo was active and united, and protestant England must be firm and united, if her sons wished to preserve their precious privileges as Eng lishmen and se Christian men. (The rev. gentleman wee ' loudly cheered at the conclusion of his lecture.) SIFERIFYSIIIP or S' •The sheriffel!ip of Stbdingsbire, vacated by the promotion of Mr. Handi. side to the office of her Majesty's Solicitor-General kw Scotland, is to be conferred upon Mr. Charles Babe. The learned gentleman, who was called to the bar in 1830, served as• Depute-advocate, in 1845-6, under the late Sir Robert Peel's administration, and " in 1852, under , Lord Derby's government.—EdinburgVourant. THREATENED STRIKE AMONGST TUE SHIPWRIGHTS or WOIIILINGTON.—We regret to announce a movement which may lead to a strike - for wages amongst the ship wrights at Workington. The workmen employed at the yard of Me. Lampert have taken the lead, though it has transpired that others are in league. A meeting was held on Monday evening it the Savings Bank Assembly Room, which was crowded with workmen desirous of making; known their complaints, and deciding upon future proceed inge. After a long conference with Mr. Lampert, their em ployer! the latter said that if his men were willing to meet him fairly he would before next winter cover one of his building-slips with a ehed,which would cost him from 6001. to 8001., with • view to ultimately covering the whole, solely for their comfort, so that they would be enabled to work safe from the deleterious effects of the weather, and every man who was williqg to work from 7 a.m. to 6 p.m., should have the opportunity of earning 18s. • week under cover lighted with gas. Would they agree to that ? The question was put to the meeting, but there was not a single hand held up in token of acceptance. After another dis cussion, Mr. Lampert asked if they would Inter into en agreement to work for • certain time at 20s. a week ? About a dosen hands were held up in favour of this, but the others demanded 21s. without any contract, and the meeting broke up without deciding upon anything, and the greatest part have, pro tens, returned to week, declaring that their anal ' determination shall be made known on Candlemasday.— Carlisle Patriot. _ . . DOCKYARD SIIIPWRIODTS' WAGES.—Tho petitions agreed to by large numbers of the shipwrights employed in several of her Majesty's dockyards for an increase of wages. to place them on an equality with mechanics of the same ' calling out of government employ, will, in all probability, be agreed to in a way that those whe have been long in the dockyard service well not be likely to approve of, as* geheral feeling exists in certain quarters to raise the wages of the shipwrights, and pay them on a similar scale of wages as is paid in private dockyards in the respective localities, or nearly so, of the government establishments, and abolish the granting of superannuation alleviate* , or pensions in every instance.