The Express. — London, England, 1851-01-07 00:00:00

Slyees SATURDAY Afternoon will be pablielsed, THE EXHIBITION EXPRESS, MSS OP A DAUM MOIRKIN 0 DOVI&S PaPlll., PRICE POURPENCE, IVORY POSSIIILS INTOINATION =ATM TO TUT GREAT EXHIBITION OF 1851, m owiscre, Z/NIBITOILI rsoeracrs, tirmiroza CON TINTS, •ADANOIN•NT, £rru6AAcl, PROODW, ran AND FVTCNA. TIIE enormous number of persons interested in the forth 'Dane Great Exhibition of the World's 'industry \avian hitherto had no satisfectory representative la the Press—ao Parer sunk tatty large, and with mechanism mapealasaireessesbasgrup and simplify the fortheonsiag Zsprition with feteres worth/ of so a rand sin great—tee Proprietors of the "EXPRESS" have determined upon Wooing, every Saturday ofterstioe. a double sheet of that Paper, to contain the fullest and West information relative 10 the Exhibition, together with • mass of other matter acceptable to the multitude of person' interested either as General and Local Committeemen and Secretaries, Members of Provianal Travelling Chiba, Exhibitor", Fliaada of Exhibitors. Rivals of Exhibitor'. and the still larger and wider dreier of Uwe who are to be the hundred/of thousands of Vinton to the Illietreonlis during the forthcoming Con gress ot Industry of all Nelsen In addition to everything relative to its Exposition. this Doable Sheet will give General News, and will, moveever, especially attend to ell Currant Events to Literature. Seirmait. sad Art. On every tiny except Saturday tie pries of the EXPRESS will be Tbreepseea, u beretelort. ADVERTISEMENTS. The greet vale. of the EXHIBITION EXPRESS " ea a medium, must ha evident to advert/ben. All advertisements must be at the Ofllm in Whitofrien at er before Right is the Emits/ el oath Friday, to luau in. natio, is the number of t 4 fallowisi day. Elie erpregg. TO CORRESPONDENTS. Adeertlsomeets later/ellar "The - liereek, ; : lA;iefon Ernie" pore, met be st the Mee, Beeverliertreet. by Two o%J:el' os We day of palilealas. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tim D•l—YaW[. 1111.164... Aftersoce, Sh. 116 m. Tassitazuw—Maraim Bh. WEL Afternom, Se. Sta. LONDON, TUESDAY, JANUARY 7. Tne Permit 4r of the French Republic seemed to have disooveved and practised during these last months the wise max'.na, that a defensive policy and a passive attitude amidst rival and conflicting parties were the beet for him to maintain. He had given over popularity hunting in the provinces, pic-nic props- ' podium amongst the soldiery. He seemed even to have ' come to the resolution to let CUANGARNIER alone, tied to look with complaceecy, rather than quarrel with inveteracy, upon the petty assumptions of au thority I, by the Aqsembly and its officers. LOUIS Neroteote had begun to reap :the fruits of this reserve. People gave him credit for self-reward= and consistency. In the several little differences with CHANG ‘IINIER towards the close of the last ses sion the Paroimeter had not come off worst. He had held his ground, deprived the great commandant of his right arm, and maintained his prerogative of controlling the appointments and direction of the army. Luring the recess, when the German powers eat on foot and marched against each other large armies, LOUIS NAPOLEON increased his farce on the eastern frontier by 40,000 men ; and much as the standing committee wished to thwart him in the levy and disposal of this forte, his will prevailed. Both circumstances must have given the PRESIDENT credit and influence with the army. The PREsIDENT'S message at the opening of the session had been exceedingly well recetved, even by the Assembly. In the absurd plot which M. You, the police commissary of the Assembly, foolishly gave credence to, M, Dente and several of the Vic( • Presidents and questa* coveted themselves with ridicule. And br mainteining the same dignified and quiescent attitude on this subject as upon others, LOUIS NAPOLEON would have inevitably got the bett?r of such bluederets as 11. DUPIN, such tools as 11. lox, and such sublime rascals as M. ALLAIS. Unfortunately miaisters felt themselves aggrieved by the partiality of the Assembly in the ALLAIS case, and in one or two others, and instead of biding their time, rushed forward to an attack upon General LUANG ‘RNIER for some Orders of the day of his, atrocious and arbitrary certainly, but still issued a long time since, and in days of insurrection and emeute. Foolish as it was to rake up this old order of the day, the Assembly very unwarrantably refused the war, minister the permission even to search for it. The entire cabinet, in consequeece of these slight', have retired in dud h eon. And from the per sons whom the PRLSIDIENT sent for, his witdi would appear to be to re-eorstruct the ministry, as a ministry of the same colour with that which he so unceremoniously dismissed many months since. The national and constitutional cow , ' in such an emergency would be for the PRESIDENT at once to take his ministry from the ranks of those who form the parliamentary majority. Bat there are seve ral obstacle in the way of this: first of all, that the eminent and capable leaders of that majority scorn to act as mirUsters of LOUIS NAPOLEON, and seem to think, that however dignified it may be to thwart him and nullify the republic, it would be derogatory to their honour to serve either. Then, the most eminent men IA this motley majority are men who scoot the idea of a republic, and who almost openly avow allegianoe to some sovereign in partibes, either the Duke of --RnEDIAUZ or • prince of the Oxi.etss branch. It would be at once betraying the republic and himself to entrust ministerial power to enemies who do tot conceal their subversive pur pose'. And we think the part that Louts NAPOLEON is called upon to play is difficult in the extreme. He surely cannot be expected to appoint M. Ben- RYER his minister, or M. ThIFAS. All he can do is to appoint ministers, who will not be at open variance with these dominant parties, and the champions who represent them, ministers who will be true to the republic, will be moderate, and in' some degree liberal, whilst avoiding sympathy or community with the socialist or insurrectionary fiction. Such • man is M. BARROT, to whom a chief reproach is his having sanc tioned, or been betrayed into sanctioning the expe dition to Rome. But the nefarious and tyrannical moults which have resulted and endured at Rome, M. Bauer might be inclined to modify and improve, while such creatures as HAUTPOUL and Lot trot wets as insensible to the oppression and de gradation of the Romans as PLATEAU or RADETSITI himself. What should most be hoped for Francs is, a askant r of great power of mied, who could undertake to reconcile contending classes; take the law and the republic as they stand and make the best of them ; who would beget confidence and attachment in the country, us well as respect in Europe—such • man, in the present intrigues of dynasties, and petty squabbles of party, is scarcely to be hoped for. The present puerile and imbecile Assembly would, indeed, not support any minister of large views. To tide over the time, therefore, until new elections, is all that ems be hoped. In M. BAIROT and M. FAU CHER, both of whom the PRESIDENT has consulted, he will at least find dignity of character, and howdy of purpose. M. FAUCHER, moreover, has the firms'ss and the activity that M. BARROT wants. But the decided enmity of the framer to a legitimist restoration, or to any reaction, each as the sacerdotal or ultra monarchic, seems still to be a great bar to his acceptance by the ruling majority. And this, which is one of H. nommen best recommendations, will, in truth be the greatest obstacle to his resumption of office. It is not likely, however, that either M. BARROT Of M. Fsucnaa would take office, except on the condi tion that the rivalry with General enateolarelea, and the attempt to injure or remove him, should ease. One of the things they would insist on, would be the appointment of • war minister more in accord with CHANOARNI ER than in opposition to him. And the PRESIDENT is not on his part likely to consent to this, until he is better assured of the power, already possese'd by General CHANOARNIZR, not being em ployed in • manner hostile to his interests and to the republican constitution. Wags all our bishops, except throe two moat dis similar prelates of EILTER and ST. DATID'B, recently joined in addressing the Crown, they did so, it may be recollected, al bishops of " the Church of England" only : a limitation not merely proper and stalls MMOIL THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 7, 1851. From all we can learn, it appears the produce of the silver mines is rather increasing than diminish ' tog; and should quicksilver become cheaper and more abundant, as some expee', we may confidently look forward to greater enterprise in , this branch cf useful, though not always profitable industry. The mine ral (renting of Mexico are far from being exhausted. They still yield an abundant supply, if we may judge from the coinage of the mints, exceeding 10,4'00,000 of dollars per annum ; and there can be no doubt that a fresh stimulai would be given to the mining interest in that country, if the silver could be recovered at less cost. Poorer mines now abandoted might then be profitably worked; while, under the influence of new zeal and enterprise, fresh sources of wealth would be discovered. It is not the want of mines or rich minerals which intimi- FRANCE. PARIS, MONDAY ETZIOINO. As yet nothing hu been settled with regard to new ministry, and the lists which circulate have so little foundation thtt it would only be confusing your readers with unmeaaing combinations of names to quote them. The crisis is thought to be prolonged designedly, and two or three days are expected to elapse before the new cabinet will be definitively installed. At two o'clock it was announced in the Chamber that M. Baroche bad been at the Elysda ever since eight in the morning. Up to 3 CO member of the late cabinet had appeared on the ministerial bench. The President seemed CO little busied with seeking a solution to the interregnum that he went to amuse himself with look ing at the Exhibition of Pictures. It was the prevailing opinion in the Assembly that, after the crisis had been prolonged for two or three days, a cabinet would be formed, in which many of the former ministers would retain their seats. Generals Baragnay d'Hilliers and Randon, M. Dronyn de l'Huys, and M. Abbatucci (tbe father) were spoken of as likely to take office. MM. Fould and Baroche would, it was thought, figure among the ministers who remained. Indeed, in all the combinations the dates speculators in this walk, but the onormons cost of bringing the ore to the surface and the recovery of the silver. The minerals are found at a great depth in the bowels of the earth, and one great item of ex pense in working is in pumping-engines, the quantity of water constantly impeding the operations of the miners. If these and other peculiar difficulties could be overcome at less cost, and an abundant supply of quicksilver be provided at a reasonable price, we can have little doubt of the profitable yield of the Mexican mine., mach less of the rapid extension of this fitld of enterprise. It is well k,pown that the silver produced from the mines now in operation contains a cansiderable quantity of gold, which is realised at little additional cost. In truth, it is cot a rare occurrence for the value of the gold to exceed that of the silver, though forming but a small portion of its bulk; and (Ton this basis we may calculate the prosperity of the mines under such circumstances as we have supposed. An additional reason against the notion of the golden harvest of California causing this remarkable appreciation of the price of silver, is the comparatively small amount from that source which has found its way to Europe. This is computed not to exceed four millions sterling; and even this amount has not pressed upon the market to cause any downwardtend ency. The facility °ladling immediately any amount of gold at the Bank, at an invariable price, will pre vent any fluctuation in the mat ket value of gold till the price materially fall throughout the world. Whether this event is likely to happen is another question, though, if we were tempted by the sanguine expec tations of some of our cotemporaries, and permitted ou sober judgment to be led captive by visionary dreams and fallacious calculations, we might speculate on the future as the real age of gold. Bat uwe dwell com placently on the bright illusions of these writers, and anticipate in their arithmetical problems a vast in crease of material wealth to the world, and unbounded prosperity to this country in particular, a little reflec tion, accompanied by a few sober facts, soon exposes the fallacies of the imagination. Figures are noto riously deceitful, and when founded on bare assump tions are utterly worthless. Statements are equally so, when merely speculative, and when they disregard the voice of experience. For example : we do not deny that the amount et gold raised in California has increased, or that the aggregate produce of last year ex ceeded ten millions of pounds sterling; but from this it does not follow that this year it will reach eighteen millions, as some calculate. Because the in crease has in some degree been proportionate to the increase of labourers, it is not a logical inference that it shall be always so. Because the amount collected now surpasses the sanguine hopes of most, so far from the future exhibiting a larger return with any degree of assurance, it would be far safer to prophesy the contrary result. In truth, there are already some symptoms apparent of this falling off, if we may judge by some recent accounts, which show not only an unsatisfactory return to the majority, of actual realised wealth, but the unhealthy and dispiriting nature of the occupation. Thousands are migrating to Calitornia on the bare speculation of riches easily acquired, bat it is also evident that many have been disgusted and disappointed, and are on their return to the more sober employments of ordinary industry. We may calculate that for every man who obtains a prize and promulgates it at least a thousand follow his track on mere expectation. But the greatest fallacy of all is perhaps that of estimating the superficial mum miles of the Valley of the Sacramento and other rivers, and allotting a given amount of space to each " digger,' and then, by calculating the value of gold to be col lected by each labourer at so much a dry, show how much may be obtained each year, and again, the num bee of years the minetal wealth may be expected tope 'supplied. Bat in this illusory estimate the fact is 1 1 overlooked, and it is a fact well testified, that the valley is not all equally rich in gold. Oa the contrary, the chances are against the diggers making more than a precarious livelihood, though many are fortunate in turning up a " lucky card." ' There appears to be less certainty in the remit than we imagine, and as the surface-washings are turned over, probably the chances of success will very much diminish. name of Fould is enter: d. The resignation of the Prefect of Pollee has not been accepted, nor likely to be so. No doubt it would be, in the eyes of the President, desirable to form a cabinet that would face the task of dismissing Gen. Changarnier. But although several representatives, even in the Club of the Rue des Pyramidal, have openly assailed the dominatkn of that military chief, and demonstrated that all regular government is impossible while so overgrown • power defies the control of the executive, still it is hopeless to incline a majority of the Chamber to this way of thiukiog. On the other hand, the Pouvoir recommends the President to abdicate, in order to show the country how necessary his power is to the sta bility of the government. Messages and appeals to the people are spoken of as on the eve of appearing: but, in the meanwhile, all goes on very quietly, and the people bay and s el l at the gay booths on the Boulevards, quite unconscious that Gen. Changarnier is making skilful combinations for the preservation of order, and keeps the troops consigned to barracks. Many think that after a few days of interregnum the old ministry will come back, with the exception of General Schram, who insists positively upon retiring. Perhaps he will be replaced by General Baraguay d'Hilliers. M. Odilon Barrot was sent for to the Elysee last night, but no official offers were made to him. The Muniteur du Stir of yesterday evening states , that M. Dupin, president of the National Assembly, , was lent for yesterday morning by the President of , the Republic, and that he proceeded to the Elysee immediately. k The Assembly was occupied with debating on the r Mortgage ; but very little attention was paid to t the discussion. _ . The more one considers the retirement of the late cabinet, the mot o one is puzzled to discover an ade quate reason for the violent opposition which it has lately encountered at the hands of the parliamentary majority. In none of the three last questions upon which the government has been beaten can it by any impartial mind be considered in the wrong, although it fright have acted with more tact and address by declining a direct collision. Few will approve the decision of the bureau in favour of the main tenance of M. Yon in office, and still fewer the menace to employ force for the liberation of a representative arrested for debt. Lastly the discour teous refusal to allow the Minister of War a delay of 24 hours to prepare himself to answer an interpella , doe respecting a document which he bad not yet been able to find, demonstrates en almost spiteful spirit of opposition. What have these ministers done to be treated with so little ceremony ? They have been, during the whole of their administration, the sub missive tools of that parliamentary majority who' now trample upon them. They have been the means of passing all those repressive mea sures as regard. the press, meetings, and suffrage which have lifted the Assembly into its present proud and secure position. Certainly the government cannot be charged with excessive Bonapartism, for in all the combinations which have been mentioned since its resignation, mole or fewer of the President's per goal friends enter, whereas in the present, or rather the latejministry, not one purely Elystan name can be mentioned. One can hardly conceive a more factious course of conduct than to decline the responsibi lities of office, and yet to make it impoe leible for other ministers to carry on the govern ment, without alleging good reasons. One searches in vain to find such reasons. Read the Ordre, the most sensible paper of the opposition, and it has nothing better to bring rorward than the old com plaint, that the ministers never with sufficient dis tinctness disavowed the marceuvres of the Bonapart ist faction. I believe that no one is more disposed than the President himself to deprecate the imprudent zeal of some of his partisans ; but while the parliament wage so bitter a w►r upon the Elysee upon prirciples totally independent of the views espoused by the ultra-Bonapartist, claiming an undivided sovereignty for the Assembly, to call upon the President to clear the Elysee of those who are personally devoted to hie cause, is out of all reason. At three o'clock yesterday afternoon the President of the Republic left the Dye& on horseback, accom panied by an officer, and rode up the boulevards. He was received on the whole line with manifestations of respect by all classes of persons. A meeting of the parliamentary club of the Roo des Pyramides was held yesterday evening. The ministerial crisis was the subject of discussion. The meeting was unanimous in a resolution to give to the executive government an energetic support. M. Charon, the person at whose suit M. Maugnin was arrested, presented on Saturday an application to M. Debelleyme, president of the Civil Tribunal, for authority to continue proceedings against his debtor, and to call upon the director of the prison in the Rue de Clichy to pay him 5,000 f. damages foe having set M. Maugnin at liberty. This affair will be pleaded on Wednesday before the First Chamber of the Tribunal. BOUM. We are aware how discouraging such cold state ments must be to those sanguine and hopeful minds who, in their closets, have reduced speculation to a moral certainty, and arrayed conjecture in the garb of truth, but in such matters we should take experience as our guide, and not imaginary illusions; and as experience teaches that nature has never before sup plied the world with the precious metal in such lavish abundance, so we should be cautious and temperate in our vaticination. Remember we have the experience of some thousand years. On the discovery of America the name cry was raised of "inexhaustible treasures," of "unbounded wealth "—the same sanguine hopes excited, the same exaggeration indulged is, and what is equally true, even greater sufferings and privations endured in quest of treasure, yet eventually the world was not deluged with the precious metals. Before that period they had sunk to the lowest point known in modern history, and therefore the supplies from America came like a fertilising stream over a parched valley, and gave an impetus to the languid enterprise of man kind, and promoted civilisation throughout Europe. So now when the gold mines are exhausted or tending to exhaustion, when the population of Europe and America is rapidly on the increase, when individual wealth is increasing from day to day—labourers merging in the middle, and the middle in the high classes—and therefore the means extending of laying oat money on articles of ornament and utility, as jewellery and watches, the supplies of gold from California may not eventually very far exceed our increasing wants in manufac ture and coin. About two millions of pounds ster ling are required to replenish our currency alone every year, and this meet increase with the population. And although we have no accurate data upon which to calculate the amount employed in manufacture, and therefore withdrawn from the market, we may safely assume a very considerable augmen tation in this department of trade. The ex perience of each can bear witness to a marked increase of gold watch(' and chains, as well as orna mental jewellery. And should gold become more abundant, and the pries fall, we may fully anticipate a greater demand for such purposes. As an illustra tion of the vast value of that metal that may be con sumed in manufacture the following euriou calcula tion was made by Mr. JACOB relative to a former period : " If we suppose Europe to have contained one hundred millions of inhabitants, and one-tenth of these to have been married oar widowed females, with each a gold ring of only a pennyweight of gold, the value of them would amount to two million pounds sterling." BOSNIA. On the 17th December Omer Puha made his triumphal entry into Boma Susi. Mahmod, the rebellious Pasha of Tula, rode on a miserable 'while affixed to the back of a peasant's sorry jade. After him rode the other prisoners, the mainelims, the caul, 80., each horse being attached to the saddle of its predecessor. Four Nieams (Christians), deemed as jesters, with cap and bells, and performing all kinds of antics, led on the mournful procession. After this Mastapha Pasha Bahia was led on foot through the streets, and it is said that the sad spatula drew tears from the eyes of many of the Turks who stood round. Omer Pasha in Leaded to proofed at once to the Herzegowina. Mahmud Puha had escaped to Vinkovre, in Slavo nia, but for some reason unknown he returned to Tula, and voluntarily surrendered himself to the Serukier, who has treated him as above-mentioned, and paid the arrears of his troops with the 18,000 laws which he found in the fallen despot's pos session. ender the 4:dreamt/Anse. seeing that the starch in England was the object smiled by the Pore and his Cardinal, but apparently very inoffensive in re geed to all external releases. There is, however, alma ! no pleasing eraybillOpe Archbishop Smarts is probably the mildeat, gentlest, kindest, most •ess, times and °oscillatory of men (to say nothing of ecclesinsties)i tu the Caoria's realm. Teem is little (excerpt a surliest of great and leadieg prineiples) he 'meld leave undone, or not do at all, se occasion required, to secure unity, peace, and concord. So, thrice did iris Grace write and re-write the Episcopal Address to the Throne; until, by omitting a strong passage here, and leering out a telling word there, it at lut became so tame and un suggestive a document, as to equally commend the assent of six out of the seven of our tractarian bishops, and the signatures of all the rest, but one, of the prelates who, to the infinite satisfaction of Cardinal WISEMAN, oscillate from the dizzy heights of Bishop Mosix's chnrchmanehip to the law-provokirg depths of Bishop HAMPDEN's Sabellariantem. But even this triply-prepared end thrioe-exorcieed document could not catch all the Eog'sh bishops: despite its archiepiscopal humility, it equally offended Bishop PHILLPOTTe pride and Bishop THIRLWALL'ES charity. So the one attempted to foist on the QUEEN a long rigmarole of prelatical nonsense of his own, which Secretary Sir OROROIt GREY returned him by the post, for, as the lawyers in equity have it, imper tinence peculiar to himself; and the other wrote a brief and sensible letter to his metropolitan, giving a satisfactory reason for his dissent. And here, it might have been expected, the misfortunes of an ad dress, evidently not clothed in language of triple braes, would have terminated. Vein hope! What Dr. PHILPOTTS violently repu diated and Dr. THTRLWALL politely turned aside from, has alarmed the entire bench of Irish bishops. Its very title has thrown them into a cold shiver ; for there they find the prelates on this side the Channel describing themselves as " the archbishops and bishops of the church of England;" forgetful of the ' Ignited church of England and Ireland, es per 39 and 40 Geo. 111., e. 67; oblivious, as most people hers are, of its provinces of Armagh and Dub lin. So thereupon they have addressed a remon entries to Primate Swann, reminding him of the statute in that case made and provided, complaining that its spirit is no longer to be found embodied in imperial legislation and is fast evaporating from Eng lish episcopal lacguage, and entreating that they may still be deemed and dealt with and spoken of as pre lates of a common establishment. To which remon strance Dr. SUMNER kindly and soothingly replies that, though it did not appear "to any of the bishops" consulted that the co-operation of the Irish prelates could be invited, still, fir his own part, he acknowledges that the document would have been more correctly worded bad it been written in the name of the church of England and Ireland. "It would have been better," he adds with characteristic amiability, "to have indited inharmonious sen tences than to have given ground for the apprehensions expressed in your Grace's letter." Such is the peck of troub!es that have turn , bled on Lambeth Palace in constqunce of this fa- Inoue address. Bat have the Irish prelacy acted discreetly in so re monstrating ? This may be doubted. in the midst of an ecclesiastical hubbub and sgitation here in England, its best policy is silence. Its existence may be prolonged by escaping, but not by attracting attention. It cannot Resist, and it may very easily hurt the English episcopate. The Act of 39 and 40 Geo. 111. c. 67 says the Irish Church is united with the English Church ; let the Irish prelacy be content with that enactment, for in that its only safety . lies. Let it not obtrude itself on our notice, or force itself on our embraces ; for churchmen here love it not as an establishment, and have too many difficulties of their own in hand to be indnc , d to connect the fats of their church with so ricketty an institution ; for when the storms come and the winds blow, it must go; and the English Church has neither inclination nor need to go with it. As a volun tary church we promise everything to it ; but as an established and compulsory, and insulting church, we must be permitted to give it the "cold shoulder." Primate Suatent, in spite of the law of the land and the courtesy of his nature, is, there fore, cautious and circumspect in his language; " in all cues," he says, " where co-operation is practi cable, we shall be re ady to act as an united body ;" that is, we shall be ready in reference to any revision of the ritual, in any expurgation of old rubrics, in unifor mity of services, and such like " matters," as Bishop BLOMFIELD would call them. But to blend together or to intermingle and render inseparable the fates and existences of these two churches, however agreeable it might be to the Irish, would be madness in the English episoopate. We English protestant' can't afford such an union ; so the Irish prelacy must be content with their act of parliament. What its worth may be without our guarantee, time will show the Irish episcopate. And that the Irish church has not as an establish ment the guarantee of the English people for its ex istence in that character, is Just what its prelacy never will understand. The Union Act united the churches, bat it could do no more; it could not, and it did not, enact that their union was to endure for ever. Posterity was not thereby restricted from reconsider ing the question of ecclesiastical establishments in either country by such an enactment—from abolishing the church, as a national establishment, in one island, and retaining it in the other; ill that was meant war, or that is binding is, that eo long as the two existing churches shall be national establishments they shall be united. Butwhen one ceases to be established, their union es necessitate terminates, without any breach of faith. For were it otherwise, the last generation would by this accidental provision have inhibited all succeeding generations from abolishing church esta blishment' either in England or Ireland : a power that no generation hes a right to assume or can be permitted to exercise, and which if exercised is not binding on those who follow. But, so to reason this question is tireless'. Utility, as evidenced by the assent and se,..eptatioe of the majority of a people, is the only possible foundation ea which to rest a church establishment. Now the Irish are, despite the union, a people • and the question is, is the utility of the church of E ngland in Ireland so evidenced? If it be, the Irish prelacy is safe without the aid of the English episcopate. if it be not, no claim to be considered and treated as a member of one great ecclesiastical community can dive it security or safety. And in the presence of this alternative, the Irish remonstrance against English ;episcopal neglect was, we submit, not merely a great indiscretion but a huge blunder. IN the rapid and unprecedented rise in the price of silver there is one reason which inclines sue to attri bute it rather to a sudden and temporary demand for special purposes, than to a depreciation in the price of gold. For the last three years or more the current of silver bullion has been through England to the continent, flowing in a regular and copious stream; the French revolution and the generally disturbed state of foreign countries, created an additional demand, caused by the scarcity of coin which follows, as a law of nature, on all revolutions; yet during this period no perceptible appreciation could be weed in the pn . ce of silver. The demand wee great and continuous ; but so were the supplies. Not only South America poured out its treasures, but favourable exchanges brought rupees from India, and Seem silver from China, in great abundance. Now the tide seems to have turned. Along with con tinental demands for temporary purposes, there is a demand for silver from India, and these two concur ing causes are quite sufficient of themselves to act on the market, and enhance the pries. We fully ad mit that this would not be the imie in ordinary times, because we have observed that no perceptible appre ciation of price followed on the French revolution; but then when we consider th►t 4,600.0001. of gold can is withdrawn, or to be withdrawn from circula tion in Holland alone, to be exchanged for silver, and eventually converted into coin, we can have no diffi culty in assigning a satisfactory reason for the present anomalous state of the bullion market. When governments enter the market as buyer, of silver on such a soak as this we must anticipate a still further derangement of metallic values: for, un like trading bodies, the pries to be paid for such an article beoomes a secoudary consideration. When our government is required to coin silver, in ceder to supply the public exigencies, the question of the mu km price of bullion is one which u rarely if ever en tertained; and, when the demand is considerable, an upward movement of the market generally follows. Vor Amount. FARIS, SAN. 6. Tar Money. Highest. Loynd. awing 3 per Cent 5............ 56 25 56 30 511 50 53 20 56 25 par Cents. 94 25 94 13 94 40 93 90 94 15 I do. Now Loan.. 94 20 Si 23 Ste 23 94 10 0420 l par Cents—. „ a per Oents gmbangs on Imam' : at slitit; 24 97k; 90 dm, 24 80. " Wee; 6, 1890 Money. Moans gentea De. 5, 1842 ....„ Roman law —lB3O 761 „ Do. 46 Do. 21 1530 00 Tteasurp Bonds. 4 " Piedmont 5 por Cents. 114 50 " Bank Wares 2245 Boonaz.—Versailles (right bank), 160 ; ditto (lett bank), 160; Paris and Orleans, 860; Paris and Rotten, 678 75 ; Marseilles and Avignon, 190 ; Strasbourg and Bole, 136 26; Contra (Vans )n), 390; Boulogne and Amiens, 220; North, 487 60; Paris and Strasbourg, 361 26; Tours and Nantes, 247 50; Montareau and Troy'', 90; Rouen and Hone, 268 75. NADIR.M. Dec. 30.—Three per Cents., 351; after Balsa, 35 5-16 cash, 351 paper ; Fear per Cants., 121. Five per Cutts., 124; after Bolas, 124 paper. 124 cub. Coupons, 61 ; after Bola, 61 cult. Fugue, 91 ; after Boles, 34 cub. Back et St Ferdinand, 96 euh. Exchange on London. 60 60 paper. COLONI AL. CAPE pF GOOD HOPE. We have received the Cape Town of Nov. 16, and the Graham's Town journal of the 9th. The former publishes a " Declaration of the Bishop and Clergy of the Diocese of Cape Town" on the subject of self-government for their church. Sir Harry Smith arrived at Graham's Town on the 9th of Nov. He was to proceed from thence to Algoa Bay, where the Hermes was ordered to be in readiness on the 20th, to convey his excellency and staff to Cape i Town. Lieut. Holditch, of the 80th Regiment, aide de-camp to Sir H. Smith, had succeeded to the rank of mzjor. Mr. Justice Menzies, first pnisne judge of the co lony, died at Coleaburg, on Nov. 1. A meeting held at Swillendam, on the 9th, resolved to adopt the constitution proposed by the four un official memberr, "as being on the whole best adapted for the wants, interests, and protection of all classes in the colony." MR. GEORGE DRUMMOND VIZ BANKER, of Char interofie, attended divine service on Sunday at Belpre,. Chapel, and received the sacrament, apparently in good health. Immediately on his return home, he wee seized with madden illness, and died before medial attendance said be proeuted. ITALY, ROHR, Dsc. 26. The question which chiefly interests the Romano, at the present moment, is the new footing upon which their municipal rights and liberties are about to be placed by the special law on that subject, whose tenor, although not yet published, is already pretty well known in the city. The funds hitherto placed at the disposition of the municipality amounted to 1100,000 dollars a year; but they are now to be re duced to about 80,000 dollars, and if that sum should prove insufficient the municipal authorities will have the power of increasing the (laded tax by one-twelfth ; a measure, however, in itself so odious to the people, that it will be only had recourse to reluctantly, and the prospect of being obliged to do so will doubtless hinder many persons from accepting the ungrateful office of municipal counsellor. The senatorial dignity is still shirked by the most influential Roman nobles, and his Holiness, therefore, proposes conferring it upon Don Vincenzo Colonna, if he can be induced to assume it. The Pope has got through the ecclesiastical labours of this season without any accident, and although the attendance of Romans at the functions in St. Peter's was much thinner than usual, the rush of foreigners has been as tremendous as ever. Yesterday morning, being Christmas day, his holiness chanted mass in the majestic Vatican basilica, and was borne aloft in his crimson chair, under a splendid panoply, throughout the whole length of the church, preceded by his officers of state and the members of the sacred college, I several of whom are showing the weight of increasing years very evidently. Cardinal Lambruschini, cope. cially, who came immediately before the Pope's por table throne, seemed much more in need of being car tied than his holiness, as he walked with very great difficulty, and was supported on one side by Cardinal Castracane, and on the other by another of his eminent brethren, whose visage I did not see, as it was turned with marks of solicitude towards the once powerful Lambrusebini. Pio NOOO himself looked down with an air of commiseration upon the tottering form of has quon dam rival in the conclave of 1816, whom the coalition of parties had condemned to return into the ineiguifi•, cance of an unemployed cardinal, instead of rising,' se was then generally expected, to the supreme honour of the triple crown. It was impossible, on seeing two such different men brought into such im mediate contact, and in such different physical and moral conditione, not to form a momentary conjec ture as to the probable result of events throughout Europe, had the case been reversed, and Mastai been walking on foot, whilst Lambruschini was enjoying the almost divine homage of the sedia gestatoria. The activity of the secret societies, in the way of printing and dispersing political pamphlets, has be come so great that the attention of the government is seriously attracted by it; the Pope himself is always favoured with some of the very first copies circulated, and as all the papers or letters forwarded to him by the post are conveyed directly to the palace, where, in company with his favourite comer iere segreto,Mont ignor Stella, formerly his ecclesiastical secretary, he opens and examinee at least the topics of every communication, the setting forth of such very home truths as the secret repub lican performances contain, especially with respect to the administration of the country and the dilapidated state of its finances, cannot but be a source of irrita- lion and mortification. Mast of the cardinals and prelates, not excepting Monsignor de Felker, receive these documents also, the last of which, a pamph'et of some length, well printed and got up, has set the police most actively to work to discover its authors end distributors, and the ecclesiastical journalists to wage a most active war against them in the columrs of the st mi-official press. Counter pamphlets are put forward by the partisans of the papacy, and the most recent of them bears the title of the Sovereign him self, tt Pius the Ninth in the nineteenth Century, or a Reply to Joseph Mazzini." There is, however, a great difference of opinion amongst the ecclesias tical defenders, as to the judiciousness of re plying or not to the publications of their ad versaries. The Osserratore Ransom now and then gives long lista of English converts to Hu manism, and triumphantly votes the Daily News as. to some expected abjuration of heretical errors on the part of English noblemen, reproving meanwhile the said Daily News for not mentioning the names of these new acquiaitions, and for entertaining . a linger ing hope that their Raman catholic propensities may not actually lead them to abandon the church of Eng land. These pieces of intelligence continue to keep up the hopes of the Court of Rome, touching the final proselytism of all England; and with respect to the actual storm of heretical opposition blowing over, they are encouraged by the undecided tone of the Queen's replies to the University address( a, and more over by the news brought over by one of the noble guards sent to the French cardinal, who had an in terview with Cardinal Wiseman, and was assured by him that the question of the catholic hierarchy was most satisfactorily arranged with the British government. Whilst thus indulging in speculations as to the overthrow of their religious opponents, it will not be uninteresting for you to know that there is at the present moment a split in the camp of the Jesuits themselves, a echism having arisen upon the question of the mysterious system of their religious and poli tical tactics being continued or abandoced. This dif ference of opinion has already obliged some of the most influential members of the fraternity to renounce the Jesuits' cloak, and return to mundane occupations, amongst whom are two celebratedpadrassi, as they are termed, of equal monkish merit, but of very un equal birth and connexions. One of these is Father Alfieri, the oldest member of that princely house, whose honours and titles he renounced by becoming a disciple of Loyola. Now that he has become a partizan of what may be termed a reform of Jesuitical discipline and conduct, he has in curred the reprobation of all his former adherents, and the blame even of his own relations, among st whom his brothers, the Prince and the Cardinal, ar the first rank. The other is Father Armellini, a brother of the republican triumvir—having now re signed the luxuries of the convent refectory, he is re duced to the necessity of giving lessons in Italian to English visitors in the eternal city. From this it is evident that the real old Jesuitical party has gained the day, and an extra proof of the fact is furnished us by the determination recently adopted to cover with &decent veil all the sculptured nudities which adorn the monuments in St. Peter's Church. Lovers of art in England will scarcely credit such a piece of Vandalism; and connoisseurs who visit the venerable basilica in future will be horrified to find Camera's beautiful genii, on the monument to the Stuarts, clothed in galvano-plastio breeches, and the torso of the reclining figure on the Reazonico tomb veiled with a plaster cloak. It is to be wondered that the opera and ballet are still allowed in Rome, nor are they, in fact, without the libretti being considerably castrated and their titles changed. The first ballet of this season is taken from the story of Faust, and an accident which might have proved very serious attended its re hearsal at the Apollo Theatre two mornings ago : one of the foot-lamps set fire to the curtain and com municated with such rapidity to the woodwork and stage decorations that the conflagration threatened destruction to the whole edifice, and the corps de ballet rushed wildly into the street, to the great won derment of the passers-by, especially the country folks and common people, who, but for this contra terns, would never have had an opportunity of form ing acquaintance with Goethe's sylphs and demons. The state of the provinces is not very satisfactory with respect to the prevalence of brigandage. A bloody conflict took place on the 18th December in the pariah of St. Bernardino, near Lugo, between a force of gendarmes and Austrians and a band of nine outlaws, commanded by the notorious Passatore, who seems as formidable and übiquitous a personage as Robin Hood of old. The brigands appear to have had an advantageous position, and were not dislodged front it without considerable difficulty, effecting a safe retreat after all. They had one man killed in the fray ; one Austrian soldier was also killed, and one other and a gendarme wounded. The Austrian garri sons have again been strengthened in the northern provinces, and their presence is no doubt necessary to keep down the discontent produced by the approach ing =tease of taxation. Deputations from the prin cipal cities have arrived in Rome to protest against the system, but their remonstrances have not been at all attended to. A treaty appeared in the last official journal, by which his Holiness and the Grand Duke of Tuscany, for the purpose, as is alleged, of checking smugglin4, agree to take a series of measures, amongst which the most important is that of closing flee frontier custom houses. Oar money market goes on improving, and the exchange on London is at present 490. GERMANY. The Prussian Chambers were on the 4th adjourned o the 7th inst. correspondent Ou r at Dresden writre Is fnllowe : DREsiIEN, Jr.t 3. The meetings of the several sections, which took place to day, and will be centime:el to-morrow, are not yet occupied a itti the real business for which the conterer.ces have been assembled; the preliminaries are so extensive and troublesome, the subdivision of the sections of the constitution a work of so much time, that they will hardly be able to proceed with their examination and revision for some days to oome. It is understood also that the next full sitting of the conferences will not take place for live or six days. The cordiality and good understanding, moreover, which existed at the commencement between Prince Schwarzenberg and Herr von Manteuffel has been considerably lessened by the insolent presump tion and contemptuous tore of the circular-despatch of the Austrian premier, which was published in the Journal des Deeds some days since. The Prussisn court is acid to be highly indignant at what it, with same jurice, considers a piece of perfidy. The despatch in question communicates the sentiments of the Austrian government on the positive relations of the empire to the German question after the sign inr of the Olmutz convention. At Olmutz Prince Schwarzenberg, thongh at first inclined to be quar relsome, parted from Manteuffel with expressions of the sincerest friendship for the Prussian minister, and of his anxious desire that this long and useless quarrel between the two great German powers should at last be settled in amity and peace. Respect and esteem were terms which fell from his lips, and yet within a very few days afterwards he writes a circul ir-despatch to the Austrian envoys, which, by many other courts, would be openly declared to be an insult. 1 need not cite passages from this despatch, since it has already appeared in your columns. It appears to have been published by the Austrian ambassador in Paris, Baron Hubner, and not by an unfriendly hand in the Elytee, as was at first supposed. I mentioned in my letter, yesterday, that a meet• ing would shortly take place between the Emperor of Austria and the King of Prussia, and added that Breslau was reported to be the place of meeting. I understand now that this city will have the honour of witnessing the reconciliation of the two monarchs. l'rince Lichtenstein, a marshal or general in the Austrian service, has been despatched to Berlin, to pave the way for the concluding scene of the quarrel. The monarchs of Austria and Prussia will embrace one another about the same moment that the interven tion will be being enforced in Schleswig-Holstein, which, it is understood, is to be effected by the 13th of the month. Whatever the settlement of the Ger• man question may prove to be, whether favourable or humilueing to Prudent, the acts which accompany it in Hesse Cassel and in Schleswig-Holstein are as baneful to the influence of Prussia at home and her reputation abroad as any governmental acts possibly can be. Setting aside the chances which are in favour of Austria's Customs Union plan meeting with the support of several members of the Zollverein, and the probable consequent reduction in the dimensions of that body, the government of Austria can well afford to grant to Prussia what, in fact, is a mere formality-1 mean the parity in the executive of the Confederation. The interests of Austria, moreover, demand it, for, though a mere point of etiquette, it is a vital question to the present dynasty of Prussia, but nut to the people. The concession by Austria of this qu-stint encircles the Prussiau throne with a huh of power, the substance of which it has possessed for centuries, and which, if employed with ability and statesmanship, must always secure to Prussia that position in Europe which her kings and ministers have of late endeavoured to obtain by political expedi ents. The prrsent King of Preside slid his government have, from the commencement of their quarrel with Austria, considered the parity in the executive as one of the least of their demands; it is now their last urorghold, and unless they obtain it, the loyalty and affection which are yet vis;ble, aye, and tacgible in the majority of the population, whose minds are not affected by the apathy of the reaction from revolution, will be undermined and overthrown, and the inevitable struggle between monarchy and democracy will be sooner, and with greater strength, renewed, than can be at all advan tageous for the interests of Austria. The govern. ment of Austria must be blind indeed if they cannot see the truth of this state of things. I believe they do, and as their desire to humiliate Prussia is put, as Prince Schwarzenberg says . in his despatch, they will naturally agree to such a disposition of the affairs of Germany as shall not bring about a struggle be tween the Prussian throne and Prussian people. 1 have been led into these reflections by the rumour which revives with increased force that the Union and understandirg which bad ensued between the two ministers have been broken off, and that there is not the slightest possibility of its being renewed. lam compelled to mention this rumour, though I still place confidence in the source of my information, that their union is complete in all the main point', and that the only differences which yet exist between them are on matters of detail. I am told, but cannot vouch for the truth of the statement, that the following is the Austrian plan for the executive : Austria and Pi ussia to share the execu tive ; and, ire cases of differences, a college of three to decide between them. In this college Bavaria to possess one vote; Wurtemberg, Saxony, and Hanover united, the second vote; and the Grand Duke the third. To this scheme the minor states will refuse their consent, as indeed they will oppose every plan which shall confer greater power or rank on the minor kingdoms. • They will willingly consent to the division between Prussia and Austria, but to nothing else, unless it be the restoration of the old Bundestag. Prince Schwarzenberg attended a review of two or three thousand men of the Saxon infantry and artil ' lery yesterday. It was arranged in his honour, and was attended by the royal princes and a ll the field officers at present iu Dresden. ' The railway between Dresden and Prague is finished, and will be opened to the public early in spring. Intelligence from Vienna of the let inst. states that the regeneration of the Austrian finances had bees entrusted to Bsron Xubek. General Schonbals and 11 general officers had been pensioned. In a late cabinet council it was proposed to reduce the army by 200,000 men. " My drar Mr. Dodeworth" (eaye a correepor.dent) entered the Roman catholic church on New Year's bey. Mrs. Dodsworth attended Divine Service on Sunday lad, much agitated and perturbed in spirit, especially during the administration of the sacrament. The Bishop of London appears to have four modes of addressing the clergy who correspond with him, via.: " Rev. Sir," "Dear Sir," My dear Sir," and, blandest of all, " My dear Mr. Dodsworth." The Rev. Sir Frederick Ousetey, Bert., and Sir ' John Briricgton, Bart., both of Oxford. have, it is stated, seceded from the established church. Sir John liarington was Mr. Bennett's churchwarden. The Jersey papers contain a copy of the mandate of jutice in the cue of Miss Julia Rush against Cardinal Wiseman. The proceeding was instituted for the purpose of recovering a Bum of 4921. advanced by Miss Rush to build a convent in Jersey, and as the price of the purchase of the site on which it has been erected. For soma reasons that do net appear in the report, Dr. Wiseman withdrew his consent to have the convent established as originally agreed upon, though taking the conveyance of the premised to himself and other trustees. On the motion of his proctor the cue was allowed to stand over until the first day of next term, when Cardinal Wiseman and his co-trustees will have to pay the amount claimed, unless satisfactory cause to the contrary be shown. JOLIN ROI3INSON'fI CASE.—In our last we reported the trial, at the recent York Harz :e, of John Robinson, master of the Wadsley Bridge station, on a chugs of felo nious assault, preferred by Miss Eliza Newton, of Foxhill. The case had excited unusual public attention before the trial, and it has been further increased by the circumstance that Mr. hada Patteeon'e remarks in passing sentence, were in direct contradiction to the finding of the jury, and confirmatory of the defence made by the prisoner from the moment of his apprehenaion. We understand that the learned judge, immediately after his return to London on Friday last, despatched a communication to Mr. Noble, the governor of York Castle, remitting that portion of the sen tence which imposed har d labour on the prisoner during his two years' confinement. This change in the sentence will probably lead to Robinson undergoing the period of his imprisonment in York Castle instead of the Wakefield House of Correction. It is intended to get up a memorial to Sir George Grey. Secretary of State, for a commutation of the eentemee.—Slaffisid Independent.