The Express. — London, England, 1851-11-19 00:00:00

Zite erpreins. Trt cor.P.F.SPONDFNTS. A ,temat PAlrtnn I" 1: 3 I Kook" setaliklng um *venire. s• rub .eat) Tuanisy as 1 Maar eight, la time o" - " leet meant* totals led toe "The Pieper," Laden Paging vim reavetie-AreA, )y Tiro o'clock es the day a ;macaw,. 11108 RATER LONDON BRIDGE T I) ve-11.trt tom lb' , Airs. Ilb Phi, Toseasow—Xonamas, 1:a. U. LOXDON, WEDNESDAY, NOVE3IBER 19. IT is difficult to say whether the revolutions of 18414 or the reaction of subsequent years have been moat complete. Both can only be compared to that dreadful wave, produced upon the ocean by an earth quake, which first leaves one shore dry to devastate the opposite one, and then recoiling, inundates and drowns all that it at first respected. Amidst this great mediation of power and influence—this pulling down and setting up again, the greatest ruin has been wrought upon character. Theories which toppled down have been built up ; armies which shrunk into nothing before a mob, have been made to rally and to crush by its iron projectiles the many headed multitude of the largest city. Military men have recovered their ascendancy, absolutism its power. Legitimacy is no longer looked upon as an absurdity, aor divine right an anachronism. But what the re volution destroyed, and counter-revolution failed to aiake whole again, is the character of prominent men. No kind of stock or of inscriptions in the money market went down so fearfully low as the dig nity, the honesty, and the respect of princes. And these an- the only things which have not had the benefit of reaction, and have not risen with the return to power and the restoration of majesty. Of French princes we need not speak. But the Italian and the German, who have recovered all, and more than their pristine authority, as far as the de fade commands of a soldiery can enforce it, have not recovered an iota of the revereare, which still adhered to them in NO. The counter revolution has been wrought in all outward circumstances; but over men's minds and opinions it has remained powerless. It has reinstated the Faenutitais and the Pk:MANAMA on 'hat modern throne, the military charger, but it has dune nothing towards the restoration of their majesty in little. mind. There need be no better mark to show the total decline and destruction of princely character than the King of HANOVER. Previous to the trials and troubles of recent years, King Ettsmsr sou consi dered the most retrograde of rulers, the most abso lotist of princes. His first net upon his accession was to null all the concessions that °tome IV. and the Duke of Camber istae, no ultra-reformers, had made to the I loner :reunify would have no constit ut ion more real or more liberal than the sham ones which had boa granted to the German states by German princes. Refusing to take any oaths himself, or to he bound by those of his predecessors, King ERNEST declared at once his determination not to submit to parliamentary control, and on this avowal he braved the indignation of the citizens, and, what was more formidable, that of the professors of his own Univuoity of Gottingen. King ERNEST kept to his resolve. His citizens he dragooned, the professors lie cashiered, declaring that lecturers could always be had fur money—a mistake, for Got tingen has never recovered the loss, occasioned by the withdrawal of its seven most eminent professors— an event that gave up acael-mieul superiority to Berlin. But, however academically as well as coast - tationally wrong, King ElistesT was but too success ful politicallv, crushing all opposition throughout his kingdom, a id without recurring to other forces than his own. His triumph made King ERNENT the most unpopular and most execrated sovereign of Germany. Yet mark what the events of the last years have accomplished. King ERNisr, during those years, has not swerved from his principles of regal oxen daney. lle has seen his people in insurrection, has parleyed with them, discussed their demands, and when he found them exotbitant, coolly replied that he could not grant them. But throughout the whole of the turmoil the old King has newer broken faith. never made a concession, in his weakness, which he determined to recall, or did recall, in his strength. He never, by giving way, duped his people into being uncontrolled democrats, and then put down by grape-shot and bayonets the extreme opiniena that himself had fostered. He was not, like the King of Ssxosv, a muck liberal 111110 week, in ender to visit his own city and its inha- Intents wit h destruction the next. Ile outlived popular teensy without humbling himself before it, and when react;ini allowed him to rise once more supreme above it, lie did not exercise that supremacy with mean or with treacherous vengeance. An English liberal journalist is startled to find hionnelf inditing something like a panegyric upon the Prince, better known in this country as the Duke of CUMBERLAND. And yet it is even so. For so fierce lees been the reaction, so infamous the treachery, and so unmitigated the cruelty . and the despotism of other continental princes, that in this reactionary age the consistent tory of twenty years ago finds himself al most a liberal, and deserves credit as such. Not unity is the constitutional conduct of King ERNEST favourably contrasted throughout Germany, with the hitherto wavering policy of the King of PRUSSIA, hut the quality of his having a will and an opinion, and sticking to them, is prized as a rare monarchic quality of modern times. Often have we heard it ex eftlilll4.ll, that had King ERNEsT, with all his abso lutism, been in the place of the King of PRUSSIA, ho would never have so truckled to Austria; nor allowed the constitutional and the protestant cause of North Germany to have been so shamefully and unjustly over-ridden. PARIS, TUENDAY EVENING. The telegraph will have conveyed to you lust night the news that the thicstors Bill was nut taken into consideration, by 408 votes against 300, which gives a majority of 108 in favour of the govern. ment. Immense efforts were made by the leading men of the conservative opposition to combat this result. M. Thiers, after the debate was formally closed, was permitted to make a speech, in which he pointed to the minister of war's circular as the origin of the bill. M. Jules Favre answered M. Thiers. But the most important incident at the close of the debate was the question addressed by General Bedcau to the Minister of War, whether he had ordered the decree of the Constituent, which re mained posted up in the barracks, to be removed. General St. Arnaud confessed that he had taken this step. This avowal produced an immense sensa tion, and seemed on the point of turning the scale against the government, when the leaders of the Club of the I'yrumidcs assembled in a group, and decided to make every possible effort to throw out the bill, a result which the schism between the members of the Moun tain seemed to render imminent. This consultation was divisive, and to the exertions of de Broglie and Monte!embed must be chiefly attributed the signal victory of the government. The sitting broke up at eight. The only notable feature of the sitting of the As sembly to-day was the refusal of the Left to take any part in the debate on the conunnnal electoral law, in accordance with the protest of the five democratic members of the committee, that they held the com munal electoral law as perfectly distinct from the SoME natural exaggeration there may have been in p olitical, and therefore abstained, because the majo the famous declaration of Lord Cube, that in all his rity wanted to make them one and the same. When time ho never knew two questions made upon rights the debate opened on the order of the day the whole 'nerdy depending upon the common law, unperplexed Mountain rose en mane and walked out of the house. by acts of parliament. But there are few who will The rejection of the Questors' Bill by a majority not concur with the stern old judge in his fierce la- of 108, will be ranked, next to the law of May 31, nsentations over the confusion introduced by injudi- as the most important vote of the Legislative As. cams. unlearned, or unpractised legislation. In our aemblr ; and it certainly is not the least honourable. days. likewise, it is no unfamiliar thing to see au Had thiers and his compeers gained the day, the linglish court of justice disgraced by quirks and issue between monarchy and the republic would have aulnleties, by doubts and niceties, and delays, which been brought to the decision of arms ; supposing, owe their original directly to some newly passed act that is, that a successful coup eff , tat had not inter of parliament, all t' ovirkiden with provisions and vaned. It was said last night that the imminent edddions, and many times on a sudden penned or prospect of the latter eventuality had no small weight oorreeted by men of none or very little judgmeot in in determining the votes of the Club of the Py law." But, when Lord Colo: wrote, and Queen milkier. The debate was memorable as befitted Ritz %atm was reigning. the legislative re- the occasion. For the first time the charm of M. , aidni of the most laborious and fruitful Thiers'o oratory was declined by an overpowering session of Parliameut formed but a very incon- majority ; and that statesman, who never appears in tiderable portion of one moderately sized volume of the tribune hut at the turning of some perilous crisis, the statutes. Certainly the mischief has not re- to t h row hi s we i g h t. i nto the scale fraught with ruin omitted stationary as the bulk of legislation has in- to France, was obliged this time to endure pee creased. but has kept pace with the growth of the tiently the suppression of his pernicious eloquence. statute-hook in at least an equal proportion. In their This defeat of a coalition of the old parties, kn. iwledge of law—their vigour of thought —theirekill which embraces the most eminent men of .in jurisprudence, the framers of modern acts of par- I the Assembly, is regarded already as an lia.uent are to the full as deficient as their pro:laces- I errs, and the first deliberate step towards the conso mme of the Tudor times; whilst the difcdh of nuli - Ilidation of the Republic. The names of Thiers, Mole, plying their deficiencies in these respects has boon B, re y er , de Tocqueville, Lamoriciere, Caraignac, enhanced. in proportion as the blunders and are to be found in the minority. That of M. de contradictions of the amateur legislation of I Broglie also appears on the same side unaccountably, iu t ing period have added new in - I after having joined Muntalembert and Daru in a trieuties and entanglements to the meshes I motion for rejecting the bill. Probably the vote of of the law. The defevtive education of our the president of the Pyramids-Club was determined mammas is as much a matter of reproach now as in t by the avowal of St. Arnaud that lie had caused the the days when BLNICKSTONk: mildly told them so from ; decree of the convention tube removed, in ord..r to act his chair at Oxford. Now as then, every mano f ' consistently with the opinion as to its illegality ex superior fortune thiuks himself burn a lawmaker, , pymed in his letter to the committee. On ' and contemns the different opinion of Ti:m.Y. The the opposite side arc to be found Dart. Montslem scsenec of legislation continues to be the only one to ben, Leon Faucher, Baroche, Fould, Rouher, Ihueau, which neither apprentic ship, nor course of 'reading, . jolfuotpouj, Dumas, Chasseleop Laubat, Buffet, and nor method of instruction, nor practical experience, in general the men of the d'Hautpoul-Baroche and ia divined necessary. Faucher-Baroche ministries, with the mass of the The consequence is. that our acts of parliament are Poramids-Club, and the fractions of the Left, led by multiplied, not only beyond all former precedent, but Michel de Beurges, Girardin, Pascal Duprat, Jules -what is more serious —beyond all present mime Farm, and Cremieux. 'fne jaeobinical section of the sun, and are also exceedingly There Mountain represented by Marc Dufmisse, and the are a thousand eases in which the common law—if party of the AlX...nal by Charrass, voted in fa searched lute —would have afforded a much better re- Tour of the bill, and generally the moderate inielyel the kind than that which it has been made the republicans of the Sleek, nusflicring about toilainue drudgery of Parliament during an entire forty votes, under Cavaignac and Lainoriciere. e.i,.11 to produce. Need we mention the Health of the tiers-ea/1n represented by de Tocqueville, Gus 'fauns Acts, as instancroof measures—purely remedial tare do Ilcauinont, Dufaure,lledeau, de Corielle, the —or the Ecelesiastimil 't itles Act - as an instance of regenlists by Tlikrs , Chambolle, de Reinusat, Jules another kind? This substitution of statute foremost lasteyrie, the fusiouists by Mole, Vitet, Montebello, nitMlaw,—of adencientforaperfectmachinery,—Moot Mouliu; the Berryer legitimists and the party of the ooly objectionable in itselt; but it creates serious Wimp?. Pia/iris declared on the side of the qua- (evils in the administration are necessarilyp hampered in ti, tutee by the language in which Remedial statutes, it is said, r much beyond their lett , r, a liberal interpretation in* common law, on the contrary, application, and out of the catching. It is the unwritten phrase consists all the difference. The mischief, however, does not stop here. A. not only that the legislation is faulty or imperfect, but it is that the common law, if not expressly abro gated, retires into desuetude. The statutory proce dure takes the place of that provided by the common law, even where, theoretically, the latter still con tinues to exist. A few years of desuetude are quite sufficient to cause it to be for ever laid upon the shelf, and the endeavour of the "black-letter man" to rescue it from oblivion rarely succeeds. Men do not like to r out of the beaten path, when once they are I used to it. From the moment that the Boardl of Works was invested with the mismanagement of the • inland waters and fisheries of Ireland, the common law safeguards of popular right ceased to be familiar, and monopolies of every kind became rapidly ascendant. The common law process against " false swearing," which admitted of none of the evasions by which "the statute of perjury" is too often defrauded of its opera tions, has been, nevertheless, obsolete from the day i when Queen FLIZAISETII gave her assent to that enactment. We might adduce a multitude of such instances. But the superfluity of our legislation is neither its only blemish nor its greatest. Whatever excuses may be offered for legislating overmuch, there can be none at all for the disgraceful manner in which even our best legislation is conducted. So that the "bill" was drawn up with some pretension to artistic orthodoxy, the shape it has assumed by the time that it ripens into an " Act of Parliament, appears to be quite immaterial fur parliamentary consideration. Every crotchety person in either house may have "tried his 'prentice ban' " on amending the bill in his own sense, and all the amendments, one by one, may have been engrafted on the bill, with all their incoherencies of regimen, and varieties of phrase, and inaccuracies in Jurisprudence and in law. No matter; it becomes a new act of parliament, and a fresh puzzle for the jurists. We remember, for instance, that upon the third reading of an enactment for the better security of parish registers, it was suddenly proposed to alter the " penalties" from pecuniary fines to imprisonment and hard labour. The amendment was simply I adopted, without revision of the other clauses, and the bill passed into a law. Then, and not till then, it was discovered that, by the express direction of the legislature, the said " penalties " were to be equally divided between the informer and the parson of the parish! Perhaps all the instances of the mis chief to which we arc adverting have not been quite so glaring, nor yet so harmless, us this ludi crous blunder wits. But it is by no means an exaggeration to say that it is a fair sample of what is always to be apprehended whilst our present method lasts. Until it bo abo lished, we must continue to look for the yearly crop of " acts for the explanation of acts passed perchance in the same session of parliament; and even then, with all those clumsy means and ap pliances to boot, we shall have too frequent occasion afforded us, in the inercluieof litigation - stimulated by the uncertainty of the law—to borrow an emphatic passage from the report lately presented by Mr. tool& to the Poor Law Board, and to deplore with him " the flagrant faults of construction, the false concortLince, the involvements, the tautologies, and above all the haste and little care with which the whole are pitched together." A reforming parliament should reform itself and its own abuses in the first instance. Here, however, the necessary work of self-reform appears to be not only postponed to every other reform, but to have been not as yet thought of by those whose duty it was to see to it. We shall take an curly occasion to point out in what way they may do it most effec tually, and get rid for ever of the present anomaly, and yet be in perfect accordance with the law and custom and the privileges of parliament. FRANCE. oe easily c onceived to be the aim_ of such red repUblicans as Mare Dufraisse; but the alliance of the party of the Sick with the royalists, on this division, passes all explanation; for the result of the bill passing must have been to extinguish the moderate republicans altogether. To measure the result of this vote by its relation to Louis Napoleon, would be to take a very narrow view of it. Properly speata it is a great democratic victory, and the blow to the hopes of the royalists. The answer of General St. Arnaud to the question of Gene ral Bedcau relative to the removal of the de cree of the Constituent from the walls of the barracks, produced such a shock in the Assembly that the whole house rose together. Murmurs circulated that it was a fair ground for impeachment. It was even said that a motion for the mist en accusation of the President would be brought forward by the Berryer legitimists. On the meeting . of the Assembly to-day an hour passed in very animated conversations. The debate on the electoral communal law was at length opened. M. Jolt' declared that in presence of the pretension of the majority to erect the communal electoral law into a political one, he and his friends would abstain from the debate. The president reminded the speaker that the rules of the house provided disciplinary penalties against collective abstentions. A discussion then took place on the question whether the debate on the communal electoral law could proceed without the Left falling into a snare, and being con sidered as participating thus in the political law, in which they do not recognise the application of the principles of domicile, although they admit that con dition in the communal elections. This discussion was sustained by MM. Vatimesnil, Bac, Arago, Michel de Bourges, and Lainoriciih-e. • M. 0. BARBOT said there must be some end to these de hates, and the decisions of the Assembly must be respected. The Assembly had decided, after a first reading, that the municipal law should be the subject of a second deli beration. Then after a long debate, in the course of which all shades of opinion had found expression, the Assembly had placed • special chapter of that law on the order of the day. lie dill not deny that it was the intenti ni to make use of the communal law as a political one. It would be open to his opponents at a later stage to state their objections to that mon strous anomaly, if they thought it to be one. The question now was, however, simply that of the municipal law. The political debate was reserved, although in some measure prejudged. The Assembly had referred all propositions re , toting to the political electoral law to the Municipal Com mittee. The Assembly had thought that they should have the whole electoral law of France under their eyes at the same time. They had not yet made • report. There would be a special report and a special discussion hereafter. In the meantime let the decisiun of the majority be respected. M. E. ARAGO would accept the question as M. Barret had stated it. He had said the question is reserved, but it is prejudged. It was proposed to make a polit:eal report after the communal law bad been voted. He thought that would lead to confusion. The way to remove all scruples of con science on his side of the house would be to discuss the political law first. (Cries of " That is putting the plough before the oxen.") M. ne LARIT charged the Left with inconsistency, and reminded them that when M. Leon Faucher had proposed the course now advocated by M. Arago the Left had opposed it. H. Muslim. (de Bourges) stated his reasons for having abstained from attending the last sittings of the municipal committee. He thought the priacipol of domicile de sirable in municipal elections. iIo was ready to discuss that question. But he could not conceal from himself that while they were now asked in terms to discuss a muni cipal law, the real question in the minds of many was poli tical. It was unfortunate that a political stamp had been put upon this law. The Assembly passed to the order of the day. Upon this decision, the benches of the Left were, as stated, immediately deserted. The debate opened upon the Bth article of the communal law, which firms the first clause of the chaper under discussion. This iv ticle provides that the mayor shall keep in every commune a ma tricular register of all the inhabitants. After a de bate, in which MM. Leon Faucher, Odilon Barrot, Heartier, and Vatimcsneil took part, the article was adopted by 322 votes against 168. The whole Left abstained. The sitting then broke up. The Court of Cassation rejected yesterday the appeal of the condemned conspirators of Lyons. At the Bourse the Five per Cents. fell 20c., and closed at 91.60. The Three per Cents. fell 10c., and closed at 86.40. Tho vote of yesterday occasioned a rise of 40c. at the opening of the Bourse, but the rea lisation of profits produced• fall subsequently. ITALY. TUSCANY. FLORENCE, Nov. 12. The government has suppressed the legations of Constantinople, Turin, and Naples. Chargi's d'affaires are maintained in France, England, Bel gium, Austria, and Rome. GERMANY. AUSTRIA. Letters from Trieste of the 7th inst. describe the premature severity of the winter. The communica tion with Vienna was interrupted. Snow had gathered in large masses between 1 rieste and Laibach. In Carinthia the rain in the vales and snow on the mountains had combined to fill the rivers and streams, so that bridges are everywhere carried off. PitUSSIA. The Gazette de Voss of Berlin states, "on authentic information," that the go‘ernment will, before the end of the present year, conclude the loan of 21 mil lion thalers anthoneed by the Chamber last session. The Messrs. Rothschild are charged with the fur therance of the loan in England. The late King, whose decease has been daily ex pected for the past week, was in his Slat year, and had reigned 13 years. The deceased prince's titles were severally: Prince Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland andTeviotdale, in Great Britain, and Earl of Armagh in Ireland, and King of Hanover. His Royal Highness was a Knight of the Garter, a Knight of St. Pat rick, 6.C.8. and G. C. H. He was also a Knight of the Prussian orders of the Black and Red Eagle, a Field-Marshal in the British army, Chancellor and Visiter of the University of Dublin, a Commissioner of the Royal Military College and Asylum, a Fellow of the Boyal Society, and of the Society of Arts. LATEST FOREIGN EXCHANGES. of jdstice. The times tors. Odilon Barrot abstained. Laroehejacquelin i kultivt: ,ilth Dtnmark must needs yield to the will m r i the coostiuction of sta - sup the . t. Tip Moto hated ' six of lb iga powers, it is thought that this ministerial hich they are expressed. boo 4s d f eed kis 'Vetch. It is crisis will have uo long duration. al, mast not be exteshdel al n 'ble t y section of the democratic a nd to penal Aalatca •party 4).414d have voted In Swear of a bill, DE.tTII O THE KING OF altogether denied. The whkehowyerding to the avowal iof M. Vi, F try, s usetpeusive Mills its 'mporter, - was directed against, the alli- lIANOVER. the reach of such word- awe of the executive power with. the Lett; !ten law, and in that ono unless, indeed, the object of such delnocrats was to recce. bring the guestion between the royalists and the BY SUBMARINE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH. toes not stop here. It is revolution to a decision by arms. This may be easily nis faulty or imperfect, conceived to be the aim of such red republicans as Our Paris correspondent writes as follows tw, if not expressly abro- Marc Dufraisse; but the alliance of the party of the PARIS, WEDN ESDAY. Tho Ki e. The statu t ory p roce- Slick with the royalists, on this division, passes all Kin of Hanover died yesterday morning at ..... r,... 5i, ,.,,,5e1t of the bill nassincr must seven o'clock. _ ... PARIS, Nov. 18. ,:111.0498. Lowe94^ Chrixqt. 158 33 38 75 58 73 58 10 58 40 91 33 92 1.3 92 28 fil . OD 91 — 80 • •• ... ... ... • . •-__ ••• Poe Amount. Tot money. if)pentair - Loon: ... 3 par Ceara. 3 per rent. .. I/ 3 per Cent'. New 4 per Cents. 46 per Cent'st . is II Exchange ea I endue:apnea, 23 15 ; 90 dam 23. Belgian, 3. IOW b, 1842 — human Wan, 1831 Do. el Do. 26 Piedmort 5 n.et.... 90 75 . Rink utter*. ... 211 n PARIS, Nov. 18.—Versailles (right bank), 253 75. ditto, (left bank) 110; Pools and Orleans, e 72 SO ; Pares lied ginte, 370; Rouen aed Harry, 210; Mareeillea and Avignon, 210, Stem , boars and Bale. IS"; Centre, .132 73; Boulogne and Amiens, 261 30; Orleans and Itordeaua, 377 50; Northern. .63 73; Paris and :Arran Any, 163 73; Two MI Nantes. 257 30; Mohr. reau and Trove, 98 25; ii ( T n. and Reeme-, 19; SO; fe. Getman, 410. MADRID, Nov. 13.—Three per Cents., 36; after Bolos, 36. Four per Cents., 13; • after Bolsa, Five per Cents., 161; after iolsa, 161 paper. Coupons, 8 1 ; after Balsa, 81. Passives, 6„; after Bolsa, 61 paper. Bank of St. Ferdinand, 99 paper. Exchange on London, 50.50 cash. (By Elevtric .fellgrapb.) "- • • VIENNA, Nov. 18.—Five per Cent. Metalbrines, 921. Exchange on London, 12.32; on Paris, 1491. HAMBURG, Nov. 18.—Three per Cents. Interior, 331. kxchange on London, three months, 13.6 ; at sight, 13.71. FRANKFORT, Nov. 17.—Five per Cent. Metal liques, 731. Exchange on London, ; on Vienna, BERLIN, Nov. 18.—Voluntary Loan, 1021 ; Na tional Debt, 881. Exchange en London, 6.23! ; on Hnmburgh, 1311; on Petersburgh, 106; on Vienna, 81. AMSTERDAM, Nov. 17.—Five per Cent. Metal litres, 70. Two-and-a-Half per Cent. Belgians, —. Five per Cent. Ardoins, 131,. Three per Cents., Interior, 33 3-16. Russian Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 100. Two-and-a-Half per Cent. Integrals, 37 7-16. Exchange on London, 11.83. ANTWERP, Nov. 18.—Five per Cent. Nletalliques, 74 ; do. Ardoins, 131. Three per Cent. Interior, 331. Russian Four-and-a-Half per Cents., —. Exchange on London, 23.221. 'Nessus, Nov. 18.—Belgian Five per Cents., 981; Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 891; Two-and-a-Half per Cents., 491. Exchange on London, 23.221. ST. CROSS HOSPITAL.' TO TON EDITOR OF TOE EXPRESS. Sts,—having observed an article in your journal of last Saturday, lamenting what is there anticipated may be the result of the information filed by the Attorney-General against Lord Guilford, under the supposition that he was the master de jure, and as such he would escape from refunding the enormous sums of money he has appropriated, or rather mis appropriated, under the plea of " custom," I beg to as sure you that from having in my possession an opinion from a most eminent lawyer that the mastership of St. Croix is an ecclesiastical benefice cum cure, and as such can only be legally held by institution and in duction, and that as Lord Guilford confessedly , has not been either, the said mastership has been void since the last vacancy iu 1807 ; consequently his lordship, as far as his lay trust is concerned, must refund the whole of the fines received by him (as an intruder) from the tithes of the lay appropriations, over which the Court of Chancery can exercise control. As a proof of the mastership being an ecclesiastical bene fice ruin cure, from the fact of having no heir endowed, I will simply mention that it has been taken as an option by the archbishop, presented by the crown on the vacancy of the see, and on the master being made a bishop, and on a lapse, and Lord Guilford himself recovered 3,7931. for dilapidations as an ecclesiastical benefice in the Ecclesiastical Court from the late master's executor, and it is in the " Liber Nlagis" as such ; and lastly, Lord Guilford has in his answer shown that it is such.—l am, &c., CLERICUS. HEALTH OF LONDON DCRINO THE WEEK.—The eilleal report says: The effect of increased cold in the weather is now perceptible in the weekly returns of mor tality. In October the number of deaths registered in London did not in any week exceed 981, and in the fourth it fell to $01; while the weekly mean temperature during the greater part of the month was more than .52 deg. In the week ending November Bth the mean temperature was only 49 deg. ; last week it was 40.2 deg. ; and contempo raneously with this fall the deaths rose in the former week to 989, and in the last to 1,022. In corresponding weeks , of the ten years (1841-50) the average number of deaths was 992, which with a correction for increase of population be comes 1,091. The 1,022 deaths registered in the week coding last Saturday show a decrease of 69 on the estimated aweast. Last week the number of deaths ascribed to dimerse of the symotic or epidemic class was 236, showing ▪ Important differ. net from the usual amount at this season. Nightera young persons and five adults of 15 years and up wards were carried off by small-pox. In four of the 23 mom it is stated that the patients had received vaccination. Oa tie 14th of November, at 6, George-street, Grosvenor- Orme, the daughter of n stableman. aged 3 years, died of ▪ variola contluens (6 weeks), ulcers in various parts, irritr. tive fever, asthenia." On the medical certificate it is stated that the deceased had not been vaccinated, and assistance mai not sought till the pustules had desquamated univer sally." Mr. Jay, the registrar, adds that "this is an in stance of the prejudice against vaccination, which prevails in too many instances, among the poorer classes." Amongst other causes of death, 123 persons, of whom 105 were in middle lite, died of plithieis or consumption, 66 of bron chitis, 68 of pneumonia, 18 of asthma, 4 of pleurisy, 3 of laryngitis. Two lives were destroyed by intemperance; a child died in 7 hours of " irritation of the air passages caused by swallowing a p ece of walnut." Last week the births of 814 boys and 712 girls, in all 1,526 children, were registered. The average number in six corresponding weeks of 184 I-50 was 1,333. At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean drily reading of the barometer was above 30 in. on Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday. The mean of the week was 29.069 in. The mean temperature was below the average of corresponding days in ten years on every day of the week. The mean temperature of the week was 40.2 deg., which is 3'4 deg. below the average. The daily mean fell from about 40 deg. on Thursday and Friday to 31.3 deg. on Saturday. The wind blew generally from the north. TUE MAYORALTY OF BIRMINGRAM.—Mr. Alder man Smith, the newly-elected Mayor of Birmingham, has intimated to the town clerk that he has under consideration the resignation of his office. Tois announcement, which was rumoured yesterday, gave rise to much surprise; the mayor had been sumin •ned as wont to attend committee meetings of the council. and as an apology for his non attenannee. a communication to the effect above stated was received by the town clerk. The cause is said to arise out of the fact of the council harMir, at a meeting last Fri-lay, rescinded certain resolutions passed prior to Mr. Smith's election to the mayoralty, and which he had promoted. His worship appears to entertain th- opinion that this lath , cated a want of confidence in him. Ttte We.truea.—Duriag the past three days the weather has been intensely cold. The ornamental waters ; in the royal parks have heroine covered with a surface of ice. Ou Monday afternoon the thermometer stood at 30 degrees whilst the sun we; shining brightly, but daring the night the mercury was as low as 21 degrees in confined situations, and t 2 degrees in the o pen thoroughfares, being several degrees below freezing point. In Suffolk, the /in irielt Express of yesterday, says, that a gale of wind has been blowing teem the northwest for many hours ' and the fails of snow hav e b een so h eav y t h a t t i le eart h has been covered with it to th, de?th of from four to six inches. A large number of +Awls have sought shelter in llarwich harbour, anviagst which are many colliers that ate unable to make their pa-sage to the north. la Scotland rains and Scotch mists, which were very prevalent, have given way to • biting black frost. DENMARK AND THE DUCHIES. The news from Copenhagen a few days ago threatened an approaching ministerial crisis, which is now fully confirmed. This crisis has already taken place. The King has been called, by the debtele of his ministry, from Fredricksburg to the capital. The programme the ministers had pro mised before the Diet has been the cause or the occasion of the entire break-up of their councils. They cannot at all agree together. The urgency of the great powers, that their propositions should be at once accepted and acted on, has also much contributed to this result. The partial, at least, dissolution of the ministry is ineritable. The members mentioned as about to retire are the Minister of War, General Flensborg, the Minis ter of Marine, M. Doekutn, and the Ministers of Jug. tice and Public Worship, M. Scheel and Professor Illadvig. Their successors, it is credibly given out, will be Lieut.-General Hansen in the war depart. meat. M. Steen-Bille for the marine, Professor ilall and Count Charles Molkte for Justice and Public Worship. The remaining members of the cabinet, it is said, will retain their present posts; even M. Bluhmo remaining in the Foreign Office. The great object of the change about to take place is to enable a reconstituted ministry to present a decided pro gramme, embracing all parts of the monarchy, which will meet the wishes of the great powers before the Diets. Count Sponcck, though formerly a principal supporter of the project of the notables, has declared himself now decidedly in favour of one , programme including the whole monarchy. Mean while Major-General Bodisko has arrived at Copen hagen from St. Petersburg, bringing a letter from the Emperor of Russia to the King of Denmark and other important despatches to the Russian Am bassaclor. General Bodisko had a long pri vate interview with his Majesty immedi ately after his arrival. Had he arrived pre vious, and not subsequent, to the ministerial crisis it might have been imputed to the imperial letter, of which he was the bearer. It appears that the report 'that Lord Palmerston had addressed a note to the Danish cabinet was not true. The English envoy at Copenhagen, however, had received instructions !'r?Tr Walling-street to hold confidential communica lions with the Danish ministry, fully stating the sentiments of the English government with respect to the settlement of the Danish and Duchy questions, land urging their promptest possible solution. Down to the 12th nothing snore tram Copenhagen was THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY NOVEMBER 19. ITNI'rED STATES. • Our correspOndent writes as follows : NEW YORK, Nov. 5. Since my last, we have the arrival of the Flank lin, after a shortglsage of 10 days 15 hours, and a special envoy Spain with a budget of cum plaints. Siuce my last, the steamer Cherokee has arrived from Chagres, with the Isthmus news, intelligence from California, South America, Central America, and a freight of two millions and a half of gold dust. It is now established beyond a doubt, that the yield of gold is becoming larger than ever, that new locali ties of immense value have recently been discovered, and that as yet we have known but little of the mineral wealth of the country. The democratic ticket has prevailed by a large . majority, and the vigilance committee has relinquished its operations. Most of the foreign robbers and convicts have de parted for Australia, where I imagine Lynch law will not be without authority. The following extracts will give you some idea of the state of things in California. The Courier of San Francisco says : Our city is quite healthy, and, we are happy to say, almost free from crime. Nut au outrage of an aggravated charac ter has been committed for a long time past. Peace and security arc enjoyed to the fullest extent. The band of criminals that once infested us has been terror-stricken and has fled to the four quarters of the globe. They no longer exhibit their hideous front in our midst. Encouraged by this, the Vigilance Committee have suspended their sessions of the entire body, and have appointed an executive com mittee of forty-five to exercise watchfulness and see that such an organisation of crime as once existed does not again come to a head. It has still the power to convene the whole body in cases of emergency. Its functions arc only suspended, not extinct. The inhabitants of the southern part of our state still continue to agitate the question of a division of the state, desiring to procure for themselves a territorial government. All the recently elected delegates to the Assembly from that section are pled .d to urge such a division. Meetings have been held, resolutions passed, and strong addresses issued to the inhabitants of South California, to organise for the prosecution of what seems to have become "a one idea." A convention of delegates will be held either in Santa Bar bara or Los Angelis., during the month of October, to take steps towards the consummation of this object. A number of our adventurous citizens, excited by the accounts of the revolution now in progress in Cuba, have determined to go forth to the assistance of the struggling patriots. Colonel George White heads them. They leave to-day (Oct. 1). In consequence, as is asserted, of the non-fulfilment of the conditions of the bonds given by General Vallejo for the erection of suitable buildings for the accommodation of the state officers and legislature, the Governor has removed the capital from Vallejo to San Jose, the for mer capital. Mining operations of all kinds have proved remarkably profitable. All accounts concur in saying that the yield of the placers has never been greater than at present, while the daily discoveries of rich auriferous quartz veins, and the developments of those already worked indicate that even if the placers fail, art undiminished supply of gold may be obtained from the hills and mountains. In Oregon the immigrants are rapidly arriving. The Indians on the road had been very troublesome, frequently attacking trains, and connuittiug the most barbarous atrocitie, . . . S.eps had been taken by a convention of delegates from the country north of the Columbia River to obtain a sepa rate territorial government, or, on failure of that, to orga nise a state govtrnmeut, and ask for admission into tho Union. Throughout the mines the same diminution of crime has been perceptible that has been witnessed in San Francisco. Not a singl. execution, either by law or vigilance associa tions, has taken place in the state for the last month. This is a most gratifying state of things. In the political world the great point of interest just now is as to who will be the United States senator in place of Colonel Fremont. The democrat have many candidates, among whom may be numbered Colonel Winn, T. J. Henley, Colonel Weller, lion. David C. Broderick, lion. Nathaniel Bennett; Colonel Fremont having retired from political life, as we hear. These are all the democratic can didates we hear of. The city is rapidly spreading, and now presents that mas sive appearance which always distinguishes a city from a village. Many large and elegant brick and stone buildings have been erected since the fires of May and June. The burnt districts may be said to have been built up again. Trade is reviving, and the prospects are encouraging. It is to be hoped that we may escape the ravages of fire hereafter. Society, also, is undergoing great and gratifying changes. Every steamer brings an accession to the number of Ame rican ladies, and school houses and romping children have already ceased t., be novelties in our midst. We must not forget to notice the gratifying fact that hor• ticulture and agriculture aru engaging the attention of our people throughout the state. We think the products of our soil (with exception of grain) the present year will nearly equal the wants of our people. The choicest vegetables, in every variety, are produced in almost every section of the state, and our tables, in this respect, as well as others, pre sent a variety not surpassed by any other state iu the Union. -...-... Several important discoveries of silver had been made in the Saa Joaquin district. In the region of the Four Creeks deposits are found in large quantities The ore is a kind of black sulphuret of silver, is blackish, brittle, cellular—affurl ing globules of silver at the blow-pipe. The Spaniards call it negrillo. The specimens brought down to San Francisco by Mr. Wallis were analysed by Moffatt and Co., with the following result: Solver in a ton weight of the ore, 206 dots. ; gold in ditto, 27 dots. 00e. ; Load in ditto, 1,500 lbs. Mr. llolden has discovered u very extensive silver mine at Sonora, which prospects fifty cents. per pound silver, and fifteen cents per Fuund gold, with other asso ciated nieta:s. If the mine proves as rich as the prospect, it will be worth all the gold mines in the southern district. By this arrival we have very interesting intelli gence from the Isthmus. The railway has beta com pleted to Gatun ' and a train drawn by a locomotive engine has passed over the road. In about eight months more, the road will be completed to Panama. It is about time that the transit in this way was effected. The next steamers from this port will run to Navy Bay. On the 18th of October last, a series of bloody ren contres took place at Chagres, between the native and foreign boatmen. No doubt the fault is with the latter, who have determined to do all the busi ness. The following is a statement of the difficulties, re lated by a person entitled to credit: CHI/GRES, Oct. 23.—0 n our arrival at Panama, in the Oregon, on the 18th of October, we learned that a few days before a difficulty had occurred at Chagres between the native and foreign boatmen (most of whom were Ame ricans), in which several were wounded on both sides. This had arisen out of an attempt on the part of the foreign boatmen to prevent the natives from carrying passengers to and from the steamers in the harbour, because they some• times transported them at a less price than the tanff fixed by the foreign boat club. All appeared to he quiet again, however, on our arrival at Chagres, on the evening of the 21st; and as the American side of' the river was greatly crowded with passengers, our party, consisting of some fourteen or fifteen gentlemen and four ladies, took lodgings on the other side, at a hotel kept by a native of the coun try, while waiting for the mails and treasure to arrive for the Cherokee. The next day, a little after twelve o'clock, a native boat man was attacked and severely beaten by some of the others, on the American side, and immediately on learn ing it the greatest excitement prevailed on our side the river. The whole population of natives, Carthagenians and Jamaica negroes, turned out, armed with guns, sa bres, and almost every seription of weapons, and crossed the rive) an a body. Moat of the foreign boatmen fled to the woods ; but several shots were fired by the assailants, and, as nearly as we could learn, three of the foreigners were wounded. Ni, violence was offered to passeiren, the natives and negrors constantly declaring that their quarrel was only with the boatmen, and that they would do no harm to the Californian., through whom they earned their livelihood. Shots were fired, however, at the office of the American Consul, Mr. Gleason, against whom they were greatly exasperated. No resistance being offered them, they recrossed the river, and after seve ral speeches were made in Spanish and English, the gene ral tenor of which was to recommend good order and care not to confound the passengers with the boatmen, all again became quiet on that side. During the night, however, it seems that a meeting was held by the boatmen on the American side, at which a L number of passengers were present, 'and it was resolved that if any native boats crossed the river iu the morning to take off passengers to the Cherokee (the mails and treasure having arrived) they should be fired into. This uncalled for and imprudent interference by passengers in a quarrel which they had no business to intermeddle with, against ' the party which thus far undoubtedly had the right on their side, and in opposition really to their own interests, was the subsequent cause of the lose of many lives, and of converting the good feeling entertained by the natives 1 towards the Californians into a deadly animosity against all Americans, no =Mr whom. The next morning all was perfectly quiet on the Spanish side, and at about eight o'clock a largo number of native boats had cross:d the river, unsuspicious of any danger, to take off passengers to the &termer. Several of these were filled with travellers and their baggage, when suddenly, re. gardltri of the safety of these last, a murderous fire wan opened upon them, with guns and revolvers, by the Ameri can boatmen, assisted by many of the Californians before mentioned, and, in a few minutes, several boats, emptied of their occupants, were seen drifting out to sea. How many were killed or drowned here it is impassible to say. Those of the natives who sec sped the fire, which was continued so long as a boat belonging to them was within reach, paddled back to their own side of the river, where the me.t fearful excitement now prevailed. It was known that others than the boatmen had participated in the attack just made, and a violent feeling of hostility against all their countrymen was very naturally aroused. The streets were again thronged with armed men, in re doubled numbers, and death to all the Aluericanos was shouted from every quarter. A scattered firing upon the other side was commenced along the beach, and the most furious cries of vengeance filled the air. The deep and shutters of our hotel were closed and fastened ; our imme. diate party being all fortunately within at this time, :ind all retired to n large room on the second floor. Throte.th the Venetian blinds which covered our windows we could see the boats loaded with passmgers hastening off to the steamer from the other side, and hear the consultation. o f the crowds who filled the streets on each side of us. Pre sently there was a cry of Al rostilio ! ' and hundreds of them hurried up the hill to the old tee. Powder was pro. cured, and some one of the smaller of the old guns there was mounted on the wall in a manner to hear upon the American town, and firing was commenced, apparently with round shot. An hour or so later another gun opened also from the fort; and not long after another still was dragged down to the cathare.tde.ru, and commenced lie big across the river." The writer then mentions two or three murderous attacks which he witnessed in the street, on several persons whom he recognised as his fellow-passengers on the Oregon. It does not appear, however, that any of theta were killed, though one of hem was very dangerously wounded. No names are given. Ile next narrates the escape of himselfand party in a boat belonging to an English steamer, which also took part of the treasure (about 2,500,000 deb.) intended for the Cherokee. This, he states, the agents had got " out of the launches in which it came down the river, into the English specie vault, in which they,win the boat's crew under their ' charge, were compelled to lock themselves up for safety • during the heat of the excitement. They state that from the loop-holes in the vault they saw six or seven of the natives shot at the cannon, by Mica from the American side. How ' many were killed in all it is difficult to say • probably about 12 or 15 natives, exclusive of those drowned, if any were, and two Americans, that we know of, and live or six others that we heard of, on the Spanish -ide. Of the number killed or hurt on the Anterican side by the cannon the writer has no means of judging. Probably not much damage was done, as the town appeared to be deserted when the fire opened from the fort." The effect of this will be to help the Nicaragua route very materially. The Empire City has just arrived from Chagres, with four days' later news front the Isthmus. The bloody conflicts between the native and foreign boat men have ceased, and the communication with the Pacific in that direction is as safe us ever. We have some further news from the Sierra Madre. Advices from Galveston to the 24th, an nounce that General Smith had received orders to employ all the disposable force in his power, to pre vent any American expedition from crossing the Rio Grande. It is the intentiong General Smith to mako a complete change in the present system of frontier operations against the Indians. Our domestic news has much interest. A Wash ington letter writer says : " It is ascertained beyond doubt that Mr. Crampton, the British Charge (rid in terim) here, presented to this government a despatch in which it is stated that the French and English governments had issued orders, in case of the sailing of any further parties to invade Cuba, to search all vessels of a suspicious character, whether sailing under the United States or any other flag. It is sup posed that Mr. Webster has already answered this communication, will there is no reason to suppose he has not indignantly denied the right of any nation to search a vessel sailing under our flag. It ui a tbrtu nate matter for the peace of the world that the threatened course was not put in practice, as hut one result could have followed. Congress will, of course, call for this correspondence at an early day, and, it being contrary to usage to make it public till asked for by Congress, we must only wait patiently." In relation to the communications handed in by Mr. Crampton, we hear front very good authority that Mr. Webster has said, if the English or French claim to exercise the right of search, it will be good cause of war. I have repeatedly said in my letters of late that a foreign war for many reasons, particu larly those connected with excessive immigration, and our declining manufactures,would not be eery un acceptable at this moment to the great musses of tho American people. The Chevalier lltilseman, the Austrian Charge, if we may believe common rumour, has informed our government that if Kossuth has a public reception, he will demand his passports. The government of this country cannot prevent that reception. Let mo add, however, that this story about the Austrian Chargé is contradicted. As I close this letter we have learned the result of the election in this city. The democrats have swept everything before them. Thousands of Whigs voted their ticket, disgusted with the corrupt con duct of tho Common Council for the lust two years. CANADA. TORONTO, Nov. I, 1851. We have at length received an extra of the Ca nada official Gazette, containing the following list of the names of the new ministry :—llen. Malcolm Cameron, Chairman of Committees; lion. Francis Hiocks, Inspector General ; lion. A. N. Morin, Secretary; Hon. Jno. Young, Chief Commissioner of Public Works; lion. Dr. Itsdpla, Commissioner of Crown Lands; lion. Jas. Morris, Post master-General; lion. E. P. Teel*, Receiver General; lion. L.l'. Drummond, Attorney-General East; Hon. W. B. Richards, Attorney-General West; lion. R. E. Caron, who has a seat in the council, holding the xpeakersbip of the Legislative Council. The Hon. John Rows will be solicitor-general west, but will not hold a seat in the cabinet. The solicitor-general ship is not yet filled up. Many of the foregoing names have gone the round of the papers, but I abstained from sending you a list until the Gazette should be out. The changes made are similar to those I before advised you of. It is expected that the general elections will be hurried on immediately, to elicit the feeling of the country relative to new appointments. Dr. Relish and M. Cameron are " clear grits," or very ultra reformers; and the present is the first time that the element of "clear grittism" has been to strongly infused in the cabinet. Dr. Itelph is personally very obnoxious to the tipper Canada conservatives, and a very rancorous feeling exists against him; but he is popular among his own party. The Claelree Gazette, the ministerial organ, alluding to Dr. Rolph, says: " Whatever objections may be entertained to individual members of the cabinet—and we cannot disguise the fact that they are not all equally popular—it cannot be denied that as a whole they possess a snore than average share of intelligence, honesty, and influence." You will see from this that the ministry arc themselves apprehensive of the feeling that the appointment of Dr. Itolph will create. Parties are very much dividend, and I think it is impos sible to say what will be the result of the elections. But if this ministry be supported, then the clergy reserves are doomed ; and, whether for good or for all ill, this vexed question of Canadian polities will be removed. The Quebec people seem to have had a metamorphosis operated upon them in relation to Lord Elgin. Ile is greeted with the utmost enthusiasm by the same nevi° who burned him in effigy a short time ago, Montreal seems to have been similarly changed ; and altogether Lord Elgin's:us done very much to regain his lust popularity; but he is still by some portbms of the cosiscrvaties regarded with much bitterness. . Mc have s till fine fall weather, and no snow. Business is dull, and prices fur produce rule law. MEXICO. The steam-ship Fanny has arrived at New Orleans from the Rio Grande, bringing dates to October 30th, nix days later. The attack on Matamoros was commenced by the revolutionists on the 21st, and on the 23rd, Caravajal had possession of the city within four squares of the Plaza. The government troops still held out, suffering a loss of one hundred and fifty killed and wounded. The revolutionists last but three, including Captain Ford, who commanded a company of Texans. General Avalos was wounded during the engagement. Orders were issued to givo no quarter to the Americans. A Mr. Lungstreet, a merchant doing business at Matamoros, was killed. The city was set on lire on the 23rd, and the Custom house, together with other buildings, was destroyed. On the 25th, Mr. Derine's stores were also set on fire •and destroyed, and the American Consul wounded. There seems to be but little doubt that the insurgents will succeed. CHILI. The steamer Gulden Gate has reached Panama after a voyage of only MI days from New York. In the Panama Star is the following interesting letttr:— YALrAKAISO, OCT. 6. By the splendid American steamer Golden Gate, which will doubtless overtake the mail that left here on the 26th ult., I hasten to give you a brief outline of Or: interesting but melancholy condition of the hitherto tranquil and flourishing republic of Chili. The term of office of the late President, Gen. Bullies, expired on the 16th September; and for the space of ten years, the country has made great progress under his ad ministration. In August the new election had taken place, and resulted, after a warm canvass, in favour of Dos Manuel Montt—the candidate of the government, against Gen. Cruz, one of their revolutionary heroes—the favo rite of the army, and of a large portion of the people, especially those of the important province of Conception, where he had long exercised the functions of Intendente. Montt was a distinguished lawyer of Santiago, who had rendered himself somewhat obnoxious while tilting one of the seats in the cabinet of the last administration ; but the chief objection to ham was, that he was the nominee of the go vernment. Murmurs of dissatisfaction :trine on all sides. Government was accused of exerting undue influence over the ballot box, and of buying votes iu Yam. ree numbers. But when, from fear of General Cross influence, government removed him front the inteudency of his province, and from the command of the army there, throats of revolt sounded throughout tho republic, and the inauguration of M i ontt, t