The Express. — London, England, 1853-07-08 00:00:00

be t he hmeaspetesey se the wilfulness of the officials • tel to curry them out ? Since the time of ,e en, not only has our penal legislation been ciamette ised by an absence of all those revolting {sutures which f.rnierly disfigured our statute law, tat the internal economy of our prisons has been la de subject to such arrangements as have a to j e ney to limit the power possessed by nnisoidinate officers. It was thought that the rule of eonill:t for the... , ttivt rs was marked out with such preelelen that the prisoners would receive just. the a mount ut pale lenient proscribed by the law, and no wo re. It was hoped that the criminals might be eai.le to feel that they were undergoing their pu si-le.lunt to satisfy the wounded majesty of the law, on:i to gratify the malevolence or impatience of a ketper. The events at Birmingham show that in cue. at least, of our gaols, this is not the case, but ILA prbunere must be inevitably led to the coneln siva that they arc enduring a portion of their suffer ings, not bef:ause they have violated the sanctity of 'O ctal relations, but as the result of private " dif knows" between themselves and their gaolers. The particular case which drew the attention of the public to the treatment of criminals in the gaol at Birmingham was the suicide of a youth named A N iatesss. The facts stated in the coroner's in quest on the body were of such a nature as to excite sapid:in that the treatment of criminals in the establishment was generally defective, and Lord %LI! 10TUN felt it his duty to direct Mr. PERRY, I the Inspector of Prisons for the district, to proceed nal Birmingham for the purpose of instituting a rigid inquiry into the economy of the gaol. The report of that gentleman, couched in very temperate sad cautious language, goes far towards corroborating the worst fears that were prevalent as to a system ' , of torture being employed. "Facts (says the In- I specter) have been brought to my knowledge which warr..nt me in stating that the Governor is in the Olt of inflicting en the prisoners, especially those of the juvenile class, punishments not sanctioned by law—which, while they are not even effectual in repressing disorder, are in their nature repugnant to the feelings of humanity, and likely to drive the pri soner 14 ilesperati4n." If anything could add to the sympathy which has lately been excited on behalf of the wretched juve nile outcasts of society, the miserable "City Arabs," it would be the terrible termination to their lives of crime, which is likely to result from such a system as that apparently pursued at Birmingham. Turned cut into the streets the moment he has learned to walk and talk, the future tenant of the gaol seems bound, under threats of punishment in case of failure, to bring home to his parents money sufficient to give them the means of procuring vicious inelulgences. His resources are begging and thieving. He is thrust from his home with blows, he meets with chastisement from his older companions, he returns home to stripes and starvation. Ile begins to feel that ho and society are at war, and he loses no opportunity of carrying out the war to a successful termination. He plunders and is punished. Ile repeats the crime, and receives still more punishment. The effect of this may be con jectured from the following extract from the evidence of a reformed thief, given before a Committee of the House of Commons : " When were you sent to orison?" "About four years ago," i. e., as appears from previous questions, at between thirteen and fourteen years of age. " How many times lave you been in prison ?" " Twice."—" Was your im prisonment youcommit ofao nr us i ei e to yous n ?" after younot" :go, left inethperliwn least."— last time " Yes; the same day."—" Did the chaplain talk to you privately ?" " No."—"eDo you think that the present way that young criminals, young thieves, for in stance, are treated tends to reform them ?" " No, it does sot."—" When a buy comes out of prison for an offence of that kind, what generally becomes of him ?" "Well, some may go home, and some may stop away ; they may go ea again for a living ; some have no way of getting a living only in that way, and when once their character is gone down, they have nowhere to refer to for another character; that is, they are obliged to carry on the same way for a livieg."—" What frightens them most from committing the like effivieve again ?" " I do not know; I n was frightened."—" Yon have known several that have been flogged, arid have come out and continued their bad prac tices ?" " Yes."—" Yon think that flogging has no effect in deterring them ?" " No."—By 11r. Milner: "Do you think it of any good to a boy to be shut up for a time in solitary confinement to think about himself ?" "No ; I was shut no for three days in a dark cell, and directly I came out I had three more, and then three more, making nice days."—Misiutss of Evidence, p. 243. Here is a youth who has gone through all the dis cipline of a gaol, minus the amateur chastisement administered at Birmingham. Fancy one of the class who has received at the hands of society little but misery, brought back once more by the strong arm of the law to the scene of his chastise ment. stage at the apparent inevitableness of punishment, the certainty that if he returns to the world there is no resource open to him but to thieve and to be detected, and to be brought back again for a still severer measure of pain,—the feeling that not a soul around him sympathises with him,—all this acts upon him as it would act upon any one else in the same situation. He becomes moody, discon tented, disobedient. Ho quarrels with his gaolers, and it can scarcely be expected that the class of men who hold these situations will be able to restrain their passions under insult, unless they are bound by rigid rules and sub ject to constant supervision. In the absence of these conditions they will retaliate upon their helpless victim. He is in their power, and they make him feel it.. The measure of his punishment is increased until, unable to escape or to be revenged, the unhappy criminal, driven to desperation, commits suicide. This imaginary case is one which has been realised at Birmingham. Mr. PERRY states in another passage of his report: I ficd it impossible to riisconnect the large number of suicides, and attempts at suicide, that have occurred in this prison, including that of the individual who last formed the subject of the coroner's inquiry. • • • After making every due allowance for those cases which might have been feigned, there will still remain a fearful number, far exceeding, according to my experience, any thing recorded elsewhere. The youth ANDREWS succeeded in his attempt. How the prison cruelty acts in general on the minds of the prisoners may be conjectured from the evi dence of JOHN DODSON, who was confined for non payment of a sum of 30s. This man, although under medical treatment at the time of his committal, was, after very rough usage, set to work at the hard la. boar crank, being ordered to strip and turn the crank ten thousand times a day. The attempt to perform his task occasioned illness, and he com plained to the Governor, without obtaining relief. The only notice taken of the complaint was the admi nistration of a strong purgative dose of medicine, which incapacitated him still more for the perform ance of his duty. The following extract from the statement of a deputation to Lord PALMERSTON will tell the rest of the tale : The time-keeper afterwards came, and ordered him to continue his work. Ile answered that he could not, and that, without assistance, he should die ; to which the man replied—" If you are to die, you must die then," and then locked his cell, where he was left until midnight. Ile rang the bell five several times at long intervals, as he felt in a dying state, and after ringing the fifth time one of the warden came and asked him what he wan ringing the bell for. Ile replied that he felt he was dying and wanted anus' tame*, and that be should consider himself a murdered man. The warder then said—" I tell you what, if you dare to ring that bell again I will tie you up to that staple (pointing to one high up on tue wall), and strap your lege to those irons (which were fastened in the walls for the Purpose of suspending the hammocks to), and leave you there the whole night." The warder gave him no assistance, but locked the door, and he was left alone in his cell. About half en hour afterwards the governor, as was his custom, nor his rounds. Being too ill to stand upright, he leaned aglinit the wall, endeavouring to give the governor the usual salute as well as he could. Having been seized with a shivering fit, be had tied the prison handkerchief round his neck to keep him a little warm. The governor ordered him to stand upright, which he could not do; the governor then violently snatched the handkerchief from his neck. and the cap from his head, and dashed them both on the ground, they called him a troublesome old fellow and • great blackguard, and threatened to give him a good whip ping if he rang the bell again. lie was again left without supper in the cell. Ile was so ill in body, so tortured in mind, and so goaded to desperation by the cries for mercy of the youth Andrews, who was then undergoing torture, and who afterwards commi' ted suicide, and fearing the go vernor would carry out his threat upon him, that he was driven to entertain the thought of self-destruction, and he endeavoured to destroy himself by tying his handkerchief to one of the iron fastenings in the wall, and tying it around his neck, he bore all his weight upon it, but the handker chief being an old one, gave way just as consciousness was leaving him, and he fell to the ground; but how long ho lay it was impossible for him to tell, but he should imagine it was nearly an hour. Ultimately, he gained strength and he cried out as loud as he could to alarm the warders, three of whom came and examined him where he lay, when one of them charged IMa with attempting to commit suicide. They then main him stagger to his old cell, assisted him in making his tied, and put him to bed. The next morning, ill as he was, the brought him a bucket of water and some fl annel and made hint scour out his cell. Ho became worse, and the chaplain coming to visit him, he told him that ho thought I he was dying. The chaplain brought in two or three warders, and they made his bed. In the night he was seized with diarrhcca, and was left all night wallowing in dirt. Next day he was carried by four men into the in firmary where he remained till the period of his imprison ment had expired. Ile had been ill ever since, and douhtrd much whether he should ever recover, as be was over Gi years of age. There is no need for us to enter into farther detail of all the gross cruelties which appear to have been commonly exercised upon the prisoners. They are such as can scarcely be imagined to have been perpetrated out of the walls of the Inquisition. The visiting justices have published a reply to the re port, in which, although they admit the truth of some of the charges, they endeavour most strenuously to defend the Governor. This, however, will surprise no one who is acquainted with the circumstances of the election of Lieut. AUSTIN. This so-called election is generally believed in Birmingham to have been a gross job. Lord PALMERSTON, who acted with his usual decision iu instituting the 1 inquiry, will s we doubt not, give due attention to the case, and prove to the public, by his punishment of the chief offender, that laws which have been enacted for the express purpose of cleansing our penal juris diction from the stain of cruelty, must not be made a dead letter at the will of those appointed to put them into execution. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. Telegraphic despatches from the Pruth confirm the intelligence of the crossing of that river by the Rus sian forces. Proclamations stating that the armies were advancing for the defence of the ortho dox faith and worship, were posted up at Jassy, on the 3rd, and distributed on the line of march. The people are exhorted to remain tranquil, and informed that no change in their government is contemplated. The number of troops composing the corps of occupation is at present unknown. This news we receive through the Bukowina and Gallicia. The Darts and Siecle publish letters from Con stantinople of the 23rd. The Turkish admiral, Mos tapha Pacha, left for Besika on the 22nd to pay his respects to the French and English admirals. It was said that he was also to come to an understand- ing with them as to tho means to be employed to tow the ships in case war break out. The Redifs (or militia) of Smyrna arrived at Constantinople on the 23rd, and were to leave the same night for Varna. The Scraskier Muchiri, minister of war, and the general-in-chief of the imperial guard, were making preparations for their departure. Several French officers had arrived, and were about to proceed in the direction of the Danube in order to examine the state of the Turkish army. The speculations in which the correspondents, writing from Constanti nople, indulge, are deprived of interest by the fact that the crossing of the Prutli and the incendiary ukase of the Czar were unknown to them at the date of their letters. It is calculated that the Porte would receive information of the occupation by the sth inst. The public excitement ran high, and any further compromise would be very badly 'received by the Turks, and might lead to intestine troubles. The asserted nomination of M. Ozeroff to a Turkish mission is not confirmed, although letters from St. Petersburg have reached England of later date than any upon which the Bucharest telegraph despatch could be founded. It is not probable that this despatch will be confirmed. Not that the Czar may not be desirous of resuming negociations, but he cannot, according to usage in such cases, which itself is founded upon the nature of things, make the first move. Having resorted to material coercion, he has loot the right of proposing terms of conciliation. Thies courses are open to him; he may renounce his pretensions and leave the principalities; he may stay there and as ait the movements of Turkey ; or be may advance to further acts of hostility by crossing the Danube. No ono suggests on the Czar's behalf that he will adopt the first of these courses, and the mission 1 of M. Ozeroff would only find place on the supposition that he resolved on the third. But as, after Prince Menchikors departure the Autocrat did not deign to communicate with the Porte, except by a note re mitted by a courier , it is not likely that, the quarrel ba les aggravated, and roles tie fait resorted to, he send to Constantinople the minister whom he so lately recalled in displeasure. But if weassumethatM.OzeroffwillgotoConstanti nople, it is impossible to assign a peaceful character to his mission. Theresolution attributed to the Czar could not have been taken since the promulgation of the ukase given on Wednesday in the Erpress, and the mission of M. Ozeroff must be stamped with the comminatory character of that document. The Em peror has declared that if his ultimatum were not accepted, he would occupy the principalities in order to compel acceptance. The occupation having taken place, he must of course repeat his demand. It does not follow that he will ask less, now that he has what he calls a pledge in his hands, than he asked before. The preparations for war at Odessa have increased. The interpreter of the legation at Constantinople is at the head-quarters of the army, to be of service to the troops. Riots have taken place in Smyrna in consequence of the forcible arrest of an aide-decamp of Kossuth. By way of retaliation, a marine officer, the son of a field-marshal, had been assassinated. The hotel of the Austrian consul was guarded by Austrian soldiers. It is reported in Paris that orders had been sent te the English and French ambassadors at Constan tinople, desiring them not to accede to the request of the Porte that the combined fleets should enter the Dardanelles so long as the movements of Russia are confined to the occupation of the Principalities. These reports originate probably with the Em peror of Russia. On the other hand, it is con fidently affirmed that both France and England retard the invasion of the Principalities as a vio lation of the integrity and independence of the Ottoman Empire, and as an act of war, and that the instructions which have been forwarded to Lord Stratford de Bedell& and bi. de la Cour are to place the combined fleets entirely at the disposal of the Sultan, in the event of his considering and pro claiming the present lawless invasion of his terri tory an act of war. The ambassadors are directed to summon the naval forces of England and France the instant the Porte requests it, not only to enter the Dardanelles, but to proceed, in the Black Sea, te whatever operations our ally may deem requisite for his safety and advantage. The optimiam of the journals which maintain the Russian cause is become ludicrous. The Debuts of yesterday positively asserted that the new ukase, with its menaces and appeals to the God of Battle, is a document of peaceful tendency. The Siecie says : After the manifesto which Catherine 11. caused to precede the last dismemberment of Poland; after all the assurances of dirinterestcdness with which Russia has for the last 1.50 years tricked her allies or her adversaries, and lastly, after the last circular note of M. Neeeelrode, the words of the cabinet of St. Petersburg can no longer deceive any one. The principal passages of the new manifesto have reached us by electric telegraph. The Cur wishes to enter into the Danubian provinces—maintaining that it could not be a casuabe/li between him and the Ottoman Porte—in order to prepare the way for a permanent occupation, and later, to as incorporation into the Russian Empire of these pro vinces over which the Sultan has not, if we are to be lieve Muscovite policy, any right, tho violation of which can be considered as a vino This is too gross an artifice for either 'Turkey, Prince, or =cl to be deceived by it. We therefore consider it as that the Sultan will call the combined fleets to his seisteass the moment he has received the OifiCal news of the peelings of the Pend% by the Russians. Turkey 1. per fectly at liberty not to make war except on the banks of the Danube, and in the midst of the good positions seemed to her by the Balkans, but that is only a question of strategy. A state does not renounce the sovereignty of a city or of • province because it does not think proper to make a field of battle of it. The ambassadors have full powers. They may yield to the appeal which the Sultan may make in the name of his violated sovereignty, to the armed intervention of France and England. IS it were possible that England should change her opinion, it is necessary in the first place that sho should concert with France, and then that a counter order should be sent. As therefore nothing of the kind has yet taken place, and cannot take place before the sitting of Friday, when the English parliament will mani fest i s opinion, it may be comprehended that all will be consummated before the arrival of couriers at Constanti nople. It will not then require an order not to advance, there must be an order to draw back. A letter from Constantinople of the '2oth, in a German journal; says :—" Prince l‘lenellikoff had scarcely arrived ut Odessa, w hen he set off for Se bastopol. From that port he sent off vessels to pre vent the Sultan from forwarding reinforcements, or even simple encouragement, to the Mahometans of the Caucasus, as either would be a great embarrass- I meat for nimbi. Thu Russian ambassadors always prevented the Sultan from sending arms, or even giving his approbation to the Caucasians, who con- skit!. themselves as the defenders of the religion of the Prophet ; and if at this moment he had done so, theinsurrection would have taken more extensive proportions. The Admiral of the Ottoman fleet, Liver Pacha, went on the 20th to Besika, to dine with the admiral of the English fleet. ' Liver Pacha is an Englishman. Vice-Admiral La Susse was present." THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, JULY 8, 1853. FRENCH REPLY TO THE NESSELRODE NOTE. La Presse publishes an analysis of an important document, the response of M. Drouin do Lhuys to the note of M. de Nesselrode. 'rho note is very long, Eke that which it is designed to refute. M. Droutn do Lhuys commences by noticing that, according to the Russian statement of the case, tho mission of Prince Menchikoff had but ono object, the settlement of the differences relative to the rights of different communions in the Holy Places, and that the distri bution of these rights has been effected in a satisfac tory manner. Hence, he concludes, the question which is now in debate is quite a new one, for it has nothing to do with rights claimed at Jerusalem or Bethlehem, while it has everything to do with the independence and the sovereignty of I the Sultan. How can it be pretended that in order to guarantee possession of to a or three sanctuaries to Christians of the Greek church it is necessary to extend over the whole empire an official protection, which substitutes the moral authority of the Empetor of Russia for that which belongs legitimately to the Sultan ? What condition does there exist between two facts so different, and of which the greater is made an appendage or necessary consequence of the less? M. Dronin.de Lhuys then analyses the Nes selrode note, and finds three orders of arguments, namely, treaties invoked, historical analogies esta blished, and grievances alleged. Of the last he says, Russia reproaches the Porte with having failed in respect. The French cabinet readily admits that it is for every government to judge for itself what its dignity requires. But still the reparation ought always to bear some proportion to the offence. Ordinarily, excuses or regrets eon , stituto the reparation of an offence of merely formal character. Never until now have we seen one soee reign require another in such a case to abandon his moral influence over tho most considerable portion of his subjects. If Russia makes a grievance of the tergiversation I of the Porte in the matter of the Holy Places, Francs might with equal justice prefer the like complaints. It, however, has not done so, because it made a con siderate allot; once for the embarrassment of a power which, impelled by two contrary' currents of equal force, thought to preserve equilibrium by contracting contradictory obligations. M. Drouin de Lhuys then enumerates the various conventions upon which France might have founded demands as imperious as those now preferred by Russia, and con cludes if, then, the intentions of France had been less conciliatory —if she had not been penetrated by the idea that none of the parties who signed the convention of July 13, 1841, could employ its anterior rights at the risk of compromis ing the repose which the collective guarantee of the powers was to assure to the Ottoman empire, she would have had the right not only to oppose to the demands of Prince Menchikoff those reserves which are constantly employed in diplomacy, but also to Employ menaces in her turn. But France has done nothing of this kind, and her , moderation, besides removing from her all responsi bility for the present crisis, gives her the right of hoping that the sacrifices which she has made to maintain tranquillity in the East will not be lost, and that the cabinet of St. Petersburg moved by analo gous considerations will also find a means of conci liating its pretensions with the sovereign preroga tives of the Sultan, and to determine otherwise than by force a difference in which so many parties are in terested. FRANCE. PARIS, THVISDAT The letters from Constantinople, brought by the Nile, have not yet arrived in Paris. The following telegraphic despatch from Marseilles is published by the Debate: The Asiatic military contingents bad arrived in Con stantinople. Confidence in the maintenance of peace was, however, general. There have bees some disturbances at Smyrna, in consequence of the carrying off of an Hunga rian officer, hi. de Costa, formerly aide-de-camp to Kossuth. It appears that the Austrian Consul was the author of this measure ; at least, the crowd attributed it to him, and by way of re prisals, it assaulted several officers of the Austrian navy. The agitation at Smyrna was such that it was found neces sary to guard the Consul's 'residence by Austrian soldiers. Apprehensions were entertained of the agitation increasing. Greece ii also exceedingly agitated. The government has found it necessary to request the population to be mo derate. I am informed that a communication from the Turkish embassy was made yesterday to the Debate remonstrating against the mis-statement alluded to by the Siecle. There can be no doubt that the tone assumed from various motives by the majority of the Paris press tends to mislead the public mind upon this momentous question. The many peace able solutions that have been suggested during the last few weeks have successively vanished into thin air. The one great fact remains, that Russia is steadily advancing. The story that the Austrian mediation had been accepted is now abandoned, and it is said by the very parties who affirmed the fact over and over again, that M. do Bruck, feeling that the close relations subsisting . between Russia and Austria might fairly give rise to mistrust on the part of Turkey, had suggested that Prussia should be the mediator. This is evidently, under the circum stances, an idle suggestion to evade a difficulty. With respect to the sending of M. OzAroff to Con stantinople, which has been talked of as such a con ciliatory step on the part of Russia, the Siecle justly observes, " It was easy to foresee that in com mitting, by the invasion of the provinces of the Danube, a flagrant violation of treaties, the Czar would make a last diplomatic effort to induce Turkey to accept this attack without calling for the interven tion of her allies." From correspondence of the Conatitutionnel down to June 23, it appears that nothing was then known at Constantinople of the orders given to the Russian army to cross the Pruth, but the announcement of that act was looked on as highly probable. In that expectation, tho preparations for defence were urged on with extreme activity, and the greatest en thuAasm was still prevailing in ranks of the population and of the Mussulman army. The troops from Smyrna had arrived, and were trans ferred the same day towards Varna. Selim Pacha had left for Ilattoum, an extreme point of the Asiatic frontier, the position of which on tho Black Sea has, as is well known, frequently tempted tho ambition of Russia. The Minister of War and the general in command of the im perial guard were preparing to leave Constantinople for the principal camp of the army of Ronmelia. Admiral Ziver Pacha had left for Bcsika Bay, on hoard the Saida Chadi, to pay hie respects to the French and English admirals, and to arrange, with them, it is said, on the best mode of towing tho three deckers, in case ulterior events should oblige the combined fleets to pass the Dardanelles. The Isle of Princes had been selected for the anchorage .of the fleets. Ziver Pacha, who, as is known, is an English ' man, met Admiral de la Sane on board Admiral Dundas's vessel. to celebrate Queen Victoria's birth day. A division of the Russian fleet had appeared near the coast of Anatolia, to cut off supplies or any aid whatever to the Caucasian population. There was not any great change at the Bourse to day, bat business was exceedingly languid. The principal subject of conversation among speculators I was the probable consequences of Mr. Layard's motion to-morrow night. An impression prevailed that • modification of the English cabinet would result from it. I have heard nothing more worth mentioning about the Opera Comique conspiracy. The Courrier de Gironde announces the arrival at Bordeaux of General Cotto and Colonel Edgar Ney, I aides-de-camp to the Emperor. They are doubtless on their way to the Chateau de Pau, to make pre parations for the visit which the Emperor and Empress still purpose making there before the end of this month. There is some talk of the Emperor 1 attending the hum ;umtion of the railway on the 18th, ineoy. but this does not seem very feasible. Should his Majesty l go to Pau, ho will at all events I return for the lath August, for tho celebration of the Wte Napoleon. The Moniteur publishes two decree/I, one ordering that the members of the Imperial Chapel shall be Hon orary Canons of the Imperial Chapter of St. Denis, and have the right to assume the title and insignia of that body; and the other that the members of the Metro pelican Chapter of Paris shall wear over their ordinary dress suspended round their necks by a light blue ribbon, a decoration consisting of a cross, with five branches, enamelled in white and violet, and having on a blue ground, on one side, the effigy of the Holy Virgin, the Patroness of the Church of Paris, and on the other, the inscription " Chapitre Marepolitain de Paris-1833—Napole n 111., Empereur." This new decoration is conferred in commemoration of the Emperor's marriage. BOURSE. PARIS, JuLT 7. MI6 11OP INst For Account. ... ~I ... t llllbest. Lowest. Cloiinfi 76 50 76 60 76 00 I 74 90 3 per Cents. 11 per Cents., 1025 1, ... 1I par Ceuta., 1833 ; 101 90 4 c er Cents. lies OentaNew Loatt l ." I , ... ... . ... . ... Exchange on London: &tallest, 25 t2l; days, 24 110. 31stitut,iperCt.16.10 971 Mangy I Naple. , Bents Do, 14 Do. 24 Piedmont 5 pCt. OS ; Treasury Bon b Da. 3, 1833 PAWN JULY 7.-Bt. Germain, —; Valsaillea (right bank), ; ditto (left bank), 340; Paris and Ornann, 1,070; Paris and Bones., 1,035 ; Bourn and Havre, 480 ; Marseille. and Avintam (Converted), ; Strasbourg and (Sale, 342 sa ; Nordista, 850 ; Para and istrs.benrg, 890 ; Part. and Lyon', 890; Lyon ani Meliterronenn, 725 ; Oneat, 725 ; Caen ono Cherbourg. 605 ; Dijon and Besancon, 510 ; Midi, Gl3 ; Mon. tereau and 'from, 395 ; Gtnisseesse and Bcziera, —; Barletta and Taste, 273; alarms and at. Diziet to Gray, —; Mama and Pommy, at ; & eau, —. SPAIN. MADRID, Jana 3. A telegraphic despatch has been received, an nouncing that the court had left Madrid for La Granja, on the 3rd instant, on which day also the Qeecu-Mother was to take her departure for Paris. ITALY . SENTENCES OF THE EX-MINISTERS OF TUSCANY. FLORENCE, JuLT 1. The Royal Court has to-day given judgment in the case of Guerazzi and his fellow prisoners. MM. Guerazzi and Petracchi are sentenced to 15 years' hard labour (ergastolo). M. Capecehi, a sub-officer, to 63 months, and M. Montazio, a journalist, to 90 months of the same punishment M. Romanelli, the ex-Minister of Justice, is the only one of the accused who is acquitted. Nine of the accused not in custody have been condemned to hard labour for life by de fault. Among these are MM. Montanelli, Mazzoni, Marmochi, Franchini, and Mordini, all formerly Mi nisters of the Grand Duke Leopold. These sentences have made a moat painful impression in Florence. It will be remembered that the so-called conspiracy for which Guerazzi is condemned was not set on foot till after the flight of the Grand Duke from Flo rence, and that the change in the form of govern ment following upon that event was unanimously accepted by the two legislative chambers. GERMANY. The Countess Blanche Toleky has been sentenced to ten years' imprisonment by a military court in Hungary for having communicated with the political refugees abroad. Her governess has also been con demned to undergo three years' confinement, and a female servant thirteen months, for the same offence. The delegates from the different governments com posing the Zollverein not having arrived at Berlin, the conference will be postponed for a few days. GREECE. The Breslau Ga:ette of the 2nd publishes the fol lowing telegraphic despatch : Greece, Scio, June 27. The sympathies of the Greeks are manifesting themselves with great force in favour of Ruuia. The governor-gene• cal has severely interdicted every description of political conversation. Piracy continues. Int Court. The Prince of Prussia paid visits yesterday to the Duchess of Kent, the Duchess of Gloucester, and the Duchess of Cambridge, at their respective residences, and took leave of their Royal Highnesses on his departu re for the Continent. The Prince inspected the Eabibition of the Royal Academy yesterday. The Duchess d'Orleans visited the Princess of Prussia yesterday at Buckingham Palace. The Prince and Princess of Prussia, accompanied by the Princes. Louise, took leave of the Queen yesterdagivening on their return to the Continent. Their Royal hig hnesses were attended by the Countess von Hach., the ountese Oriolla, Mdlle. von Sternberg, Count Fackler, Count Boos, and Count dolts. Her Majesty, accompanied by the Princess Royal and the Princess Alice, and attended by the ladies and gentle men in waiting, took leave of her royal visitors in the grand ball of the palace. The Prince of Hohenlohe Lan genbourg also took leave of the Prince and Princess. The Prince and Princess of Prussia and suite quitted Buckingham Palace in three of the Queen's carriages at 8 o'clock for the London-bridge terminus of the SouthEahtern Railway en route for Calais. The Prince of Hohenlohe Langenbourg and the Princess Adelaide visited the different members of the royal family yesterday at their respective residences, and took leave on their return to the Continent. Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent dined with the Queen last evening at Buckingham Palace. The Hon. Flora Macdonald has succeeded the Hon. Beatrice Byng as a Maid of Honour in Waiting to her Majesty. A deputation appointed at the borough meeting held last week at Sadler's Wells Theatre had an interview with the Earl of Aberdeen yesterday at his official residence in Downing-street, and presented a memorial respecting the proposed park for Finsbury and the City of Londou. The deputation was introduced by the Right Hon. Lord Robert Grosvenor, M.P., and consisted of Mr. Roger Cunliffe. Mr. G. W. Alexander, Mr. J. J. Downes, Mr. Wm. Tyler, Mr. John Barnett, Mr. James Lloyd, and others. A deputation of the Metropolitan Commissioners of Sewers, consisting of Mr. Jebb (chairman), Lient.-Colonel Davison, Mr. Baker, Mr. T. F. Gibson, Mr. Hawkshaw, Mr. G. S. Smith, and Mr. H. A. Hunt (commissioners), and Mr. %Voolrych (secretary), had an interview with `is count Palmerston yesterday at the Home-ofilc. Sir J. GRAUAM will discontinue holding Levees after to-morrow, July 9. THE FLEET AT SPITHEAD, PORTSMOUTH, Juts 7.—Large numbers of persons have visaed this port to-day in the hope of seeing a review of the fleet now at Spithead ; but in this they wero disap pointed, a sudden change in the movements of the Court having been made. A very beautiful spectacle was, how ever, presented by the fleet being exercised in reefing and furling sails, &c. The Doke of Wellington adjusted her compasses today at Spithead. The Dasher, steam vessel, arrived to-day from the Channel Islands, and came into harbour to have defects made good. NIALTA.—The Augsburg Gazette publishes the no table intelligence that 1:,000 British troops have been dis embarked at Malta. It abo publishes another statement equally worthy of credit, that the inhabitsn•s of Candle or Crete have applied to be received under British protection. IRELAND. DUBLIN, JrLT 7• THE QUEEN'S VISIT. The Lard Mayor having received an official an nouncement of her Majesty's intention to visit Dublin, a special meeting of the Town Council was held yesterday to consider what preparations should be made for the occasion. Tho following official com munications were read : Dublin Castle, sth July, IS-53. My Lord, —I am directed by the Lord Lieutenant to transmit for your iliformation a copy of a letter from Viscount Palmerston, informing his Excellency that her Majesty has been graciously pleased to signify her intention of visiting the Industrial Exhibition next week. It affords hi. Excellency great pleasure to make this announcement which, he feels assured, will be gratifying rot only to your lordship and the citizens of D u blin, b u t t o a ll who are in terested in the Industrial Bah:intim], as evincing the feeling with which her Majesty regards that great undertaking. I have the honour to be, my lord, your lordship's very obc dient servant, Titem.ss A. LAIICOM. _ . . Whitehall, 4th July, 1553. My Lord,—l have the satisfaction of init.:ming your Excellency that her Majesty has been graciously phased to signify her intention of visiting the Industrial Exhitition in Dublin next week. Her Majesty, accompanied by his Royal Highness Prince Albert, wit leave Buck;ngham Palace on Tuesday, the 12th instant, and may 1, expected to arrive in Dublin on that evening, or the next day. I may add, that the stay n,f her Majesty in Ire.and is not ex pected to be long. 1 am, with great truth sod regard, my lord, your Excellency's obedient servant, P.kLMERSTON. To his Excellency the L'rd Lieutenant, Dublin Castle. Some diseursion took place on vinous proposition ibmitted to the - ' - sul. .to council, that for a general illumina tion meeting with the moat decided opposition. At length the following resolution was adopted unani mously, viz.: That a committee of seven be now appointed to prepare an whiten to the Queen, on the occasion of her visit to the Great Exhibition of Dublin ; that the Lord Mayor be re quested to ascertain her Majesty's pleasure as to the time and place of receiving it; and that his lordship be requested humbly to suggest to her Mtiesty that it would confer additional distinction on the Exhibition, and a gracious favour on the corporation, if she would be pleased to receive it in the Exhibition. And with reference to the illumination, it was decided that the Lord Mayor should not issue a pro clamation for a general illumination, and also that the route should be altered, in order that her Majesty might see a new part of the city, and avoid the dusty roads so much complained of on the former occasion of her visit to Dublin. The committee of the Exhibition have announced that on the 13th, 14th, and 15th inst., that is during the period of her Majesty's visit, the admission to the Exhibition, for persons not holding season tickets, shall be by special tickets only, price 10s. each, and that on those days no money shall be taken at the doors. Some improved arrangements have been made in the central hall, by which more space is obtained, and it is expected that further im provements of this kind will bo effected. The num ber of visitors yesterday was 7,642. SLIGO ELECTION. A number of Homan Catholic priests have held a meeting in Sligo, with the very Rev. Dr. Feeney, P.P. ' as their chairman, and passed the following resolutions: • Reeolved,—Having adopted, and still faithfully adhering , to, the principles of Sharman Crawford's bill, securing to , the Irish tenant his just rights to the fruits of his labour and expenditure upon the soil, we implore of the electors of Sligo, in the name of our parishioners, and of the Irish tenantry at large, to use their franchise in the coming struggle, so that they shall effectively assist in having that bill passed into law. That having given our best consideration to Mr. Sad leir's political career, and to his pretensions to represent Sligo, we fully and cordially concur with the Tenant League in the following resolution, passed unanimously, on June 28, 1863: That, inasmuch as Mr. John Sadleir, who entered par liament pledged to support the tenant cause as embodied in Sharman Crawford's bill, and to oppose any minister who would not make the principles of that bill the basis of a cabinet measure, is now the paid servant of the administration which has not only rejected the bill of Mr. Crawford, but which also proposes to renew the oppressive and gratuitous law for the seizure of growing crops; that therefore, we exhort the constituency of Sligo, and the sur rounding farmers who may have influence at that election, to oppose the return of Mr. Sadleir, at all hazards and at every peril. That as members of the Catholic Defence Association, and anxious to see religious equality successfully esta blished, we cannot regard Mr. Sadleir, who abandoned that sacred cause, as fit to represent any Catholic con stituency. The guardians of the Ballinasloe Union have re jected the proposition for the admission of the Sisters of Mercy into the workhouse to visit the sick. Tho question had been for a long time past agitated iu the board, and Lord Clancarty had moved as an amendment that if the Sisters of Mercy were ad , witted the scripture readers should also have free access to the inmates. TRALEE ELECTION. (nY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.) DuDLIN, THURSDAY. Mr. Daniel O'Connell was elected for Traleo by en overwhelmiog majority over Mr. Fitzgerald CIVIL LIST PENSIONS. A list of all pensions granted between the 20th day of June, 1852, and the 20th day of June, 1853, and charged upon the Cisil List (pursuant to Act 1 Vict. c. 2). 1862. . . Aug. 4. John Russell in consideration of his contributions to astronomical science, by important dis coveries, 2001. Aug. 4. Gideon Algernon Mentell, LL.D., F.R.S , in consideration of his eminent merits and contributions to science as a geologist and comparative anatomist, 100/. Aug. 6. Caroline Southey (widow of Robert Southey, the Post Laureate), in consideration of her late husband's emi nent Manny merits. In tryst to the Rev. Sir George Burnett, Bart., and Captain Sir C. Buzzard, Bart., R.N., 2001. Aug. 6. Nancy Taylor (widow of Colonel Taylor, of the 29th regiment, who was killed at the battle of Sobraon), in consideration of the militiary services of her late hus band. In trust to Lord Fitzroy Somerset and James Go dolphin Burslem, R.A., 1001. Aug. 9. Francis Ronalds, in consideration of his eminent discoveries in electricity and meteorology, 751. Aug. 9. Charles Richardson, LL.D., in consideration of kis services to literature, as author of a new dictionary of the English language, 761. Aug. 9. Louisa Stuart Costello, in consideration of her merits as an authoress, and her inability, from the state of her health, to continue her exertions for a livelihood. In trust to Edward Marjoribanks, Esq., and Sir E. Antrobus, Bart., 75/. Sept. 2. Jane Pugin, wife of R. Welby Pugin, Esq., in consideration of her husband's eminence as an architect, and the distressed situation in which his family are placed, from his inability, in consequence of illness, to pursue his profeuion. In trust to John Hardman, Esq., and John Knill, Esq., 1001. 1853. Feb. 10, Elizabeth Hester Colby, widow of the late Major-General Colby, R.E., inconsideration of the services of her late husband in organising and conducting the Tri gonometrical Surveys in Great Britain and Ireland, in trust to John Colby, Esq., and Commander John M'Neill Boyd, March 23, Wm. Jerdan, in consideration of his services to literature for many years, and his distreued circum stances at an advanced period of life, 1001. March 23, Elizabeth lila, or Dunbar (widow of the late George Dunbar, Professor of Greek in the University of Edinburgh), 75/. • and Margaret Dunb ar, Barbara Grace Dunbar, and Catherine Dunbar, (daughters of the above, and for the survivors or survivor of them). In conside ration of Professor Dunbar's services as Professor of Greek Literature for many years in the University of Edinburgh, and the destitute condition to which his family have been reduced by his death. In trust to John Turnbull, Esq., W.S., James Wlinight, Esq., W.S., and William Wood, Esq. Total, 1,2001. SINGULAR FACT FOR TILE NATURALIST.—A few days ago, Mr. James Porter, of the Nag's Head, at Canon Peon, showed the nest of a small blue-headed tomtit, or titmouse, which had been taken from a pump on the pre mises, the history of which is more curious than any other instance of birds building in extraordinary places, of which we have lately read so much. The pump from which the nest was taken is a leaden one, surrounded by a wooden frame, the tap of which bad been partially raised by the rays of the sun, so as to allow the parent birds to make their en trance and exit to and from the pump. The pump was in constant use, and the nest was first discovered by parties ob taining water hearing a kind of biasing noise issuing from the interior, similar to that made by a goose when sitting, but not so loud. The top of the pump was removed, and the nest discovered, with one of the old birds sitting therein, which even then did not move from the nest, but continued the hissing noise we have described. It is well known that the tomtit generally builds in the small holes of trees, walls, atc., and, consequently, the nest can be but small ; but, on the present occasion, the materials carried to the pump would have filled a man's hat,- and the nest was so inge niously constructed, being made larger at the top than the bottom, that it could not possibly descend further down the pump. But what is most remarkable is that, when it w as in use, the iron rod worked through a portion of the nee, Oo twithstanding which the old birds hatched their eggs, and brought twelve young birds to maturity, which, when f u lly flogged, were allowed to take their tirght ,taharmed.— Ilerefordietsrridis UNIVERSITY AND CLERICAL. CAMBRIDGE, JULY 7.—M.A. COMMENCEMENT. IS53.—At a congregation holden this day, the following degrees were conferred John Wilson, Catharine Hall; Henry Cole, Clare Hall. M.A.: Frederick George Ledsam, Trinity Col l ege; D a vid Craig, St. John's College; G. Q. Head, Corpus Christi College ; H . B. seo ug ml. Corpus Christi College; William Watson, Corpus Christi College ; Richard Morton, Catharine Hall. • " At the same congregation, the undermentioned gentle men were admitted ad eundeat :—Con,tantine Pulite Pritchard, A.M. Balliol Co:lege, Oxon ; Thomas Whitaker Nowell, A M , A.M., College, Oxon. NAVAL. ADMIRALTY, JULY 7. - APPOTNTSIENTS.—Mate J. F. J. Purvey, to 7; ib:ute. Naw.l C tdeta If. M. Hip p6ley, to Hogue; E. M. Hoare, to Tfibitne; anti U. J. F. Lcacock, to Ajax. SPORTING. TATTERSALL'B.—ThuRsDAT. Very few subscribers present, and only the follow:ng bets booked : LIVERPOOL CUP. 9 to 2 apt Mr. Illarkburne's Goorkah (t to 12)1.) 20 to 1 Mr. J. Shepherd's Alp (t to 100!.) GOODWOOD STAKES. 9 to 1 on the field. 20 to 1 apt Sir C. Mooch's ♦'index (t) 20 to 1 Mr. T. Pares Tritlo (t) ST. LEGER. 7 to 1 agat Duke Gll3edford's Sitticgbourno (t) DERBY. 20 to 1 apt Generdlin;on's Prince Arthur (t) 25 to 1 Lord Derby', Dervish (t) NEWMARKET JULY ME ETINCL—Tnuan Ss TEPATAKES of 10 soya each ; for 2-yr olds, Est 41b; three, fist 41b ; four, S,t 1216; live and upwards, Ost 21b. The winner to be sold for 350 SOU, if demandid, &c. New T.Y.C.—(4 Subs.) Mr J. M. Stanley's Mirabeau by Melbourne, 2 yrs, list !Lb (S gieggles) 1 Capt. D. Lane's Con/sore, 4 yrs, est 121 b (Flatrnau) 0 Lord Eseter's Ilaslinut, 3 yrs, SA 41b ..;Norman) 0 Lard Clifden's Ilothorpe, 5 yrs ',Pit 21b,,(6. Mona) 3 Betting: 6 to 4 on Mirabrau, 3 to 1 agst C•oiroi.ve. Hazlenut made the running, Mir iheau lying up with von more and llotharpo at kis quarters. Breasting the hill Hothorpe dropped into the rear. A very line race in with the others, was won by a heal ; a dead heat for second place. llothorne two lengths behind. The winner was claimed by Lord Clifden. PLATE of 601. for 2yr olds and upwards. Optional selling weights. Last half of um. Lord W. Powlett'a Dear-me, by Melbourne, 3 yrs (1000, ist 6th S Steggles) 1 Mr. Stephenson'a Sophistry, 4 yrs (40/.), 121 b (Charlton) 2 Lord Strathmore's Child of the Mist, 4 yrs (801.) 7st i`b (J. Mann) 3 The following also ran :—Shipwreck, Mantilla, c by St. Francis out of Archness, Jovial. Betting: 6 to 4 agst Child of the Mist, 4to 1 agat Sophistry. Sophistry jumped off first, but the lead was almost im mediately taken by Child of the Mist—the others running wide. At the foot of the bill, Sophistry went in advance with Dear-me second; the latter by a vigorous effort achieved the victory by a head. A length and a half be tween the second and third. A straggling finish with the others. The winner was claimed. CIiESTERTIELD STAKES of 30 WIC each, 20 ft, for 2-yr olds ; colts, Bst 71b ; fillies, Sst 411). Last halt' of B.M. (39 subs.) Mr. Payne's Spinaway, by Orlando out of Distaffina, Bst 71b (Flatman) 1 Mr. Osbaldeston's Brother to Mountain Deer, Bat 71b (Charlton) 2 Mr. (hetille's Quince, fist 71b (Basham) 3 The following also ran :—Student, Streatlam Fairy, Punch Box, Brigliadoro, f by Cotherstone, Delia, The Mountain Hawk, Lady Audrey, Atonic Moses, Sister to Aphrodite. Betting: 2 to 1 agst brother to Moun'ain Deer, 6 to agst Spinaway, 6 to 1 apt Mountain Hawk, 7 to 1 agst sister to Aphrodite, 10 to 1 eget any ether. All got well off at the first signal. Quince immediately went to the front, but, after the first hundred yards, Spinaway took the lead, with Quince, Mountain Hawk, and Student in. close attendance, Mountain Deer next. In this order the ran to halfway up the bill, where Mountain Deer took second place, and went resolutely to work to catch Spina way, who, however, cleverly maintained the position he bad obtained, and won by a head. Half a length between the second and third. Close up with the latter were Student, Mountain Hawk, Delia, and Punch Box; Monnic Moses, Streatlam Fairy, and sister to Aphrodite, the next three; Brigliadoro, Lady Audrey, and Dirce filly, in the extreme rear. Value of the stakes, 880 son. HANDICAP PLATE of 100 SOTS. Now T.Y.C. Lord W. Powlett's Scandal by The Libel, 3 yrs, list (Flatman) I Mr. Turner's br g by Dromedary out of Apricot. 3 yr,,, Oat 41b (Palmer) 2 Mr. J. M. Stanley's Hybla, 3 yrs, 7st ..(Charlton) 3 The following also ran :—Brawn, Peacock, Hotlaorpe, Coleraine, Jack the Giant Killer, ch g by Verulam out of Madmella, Start. Betting : 5 to 2 sgst Scandal, 4to 1 agst Hybla, sto 1 each agit Coleraine, and Jack the Giant Killer. Apricot gelding and Hybla made play into the Bottom, where Scan dal drew up, and obtaining the lead in the last six or seven strides won by three-quarters of a length. HANDICAP SWEEPSTAKES of 15. SOTS. each, 10 ft, for all ages (two years old excepted). From the B. M. Starting Post to the end of the New T.Y.C. (3 subs.) Lord Exeter's Haxienut by Nutwith, 3 yrs, 7st (J. Mann) 1 Mr. Elwes's Azael, 4 yrs, Bst 71b (Rogers) 2 Count Batthyany's Hambletonian, 4 yrs, 7st 41b (C. Bradley) 3 There was a marked improvement in the character of the sport and the attendance of company, but nothing occurred to impart activity to speculation on events to come or to excite more than a passing interest. The continued bril liancy of the weather made some amends for the dull pro ceedings of the meeting. BETTING. GOODWOOD STAKES. 9 to 1 agst Hobbyhorse (t) 10 to 1 Sextus 1000 to GO Haricot (20 Wlt to some money) DERBY. 20 to 1 sgst Prince Arthur 25 to 1 Paxton (0 25 to 1 Dervish (t) WORCESTER SUMMER MEETING. CONCLUSION OF TUESDAY'S RACES. SELLING STaxna of 5 soya each, with 25 added. One Mr. C. Boyce's Theorem, 5 yrs (401.), 7st 61b (Oliver) I Mr. Goddard's Priam the Third, 4 yrs (401.), 7st 51b (Wells) 2 Mr. Wood's filly by Heron dam by Alpheus, 3 yrs (401.), 6st 61b (Ashmall) 3 The following also ran :—Gauntlet, Telescope, g by Heron dam Matchless, The Chase, Ls Juive, Eccentricity. Won by half a length, length between second and third. WORCESTERSHIRE STAKES.—CaIot, 4 yrs, 7st 61b (Cle ments) was omitted from the list of starters published in our yesterday's impression. Two YEAR OLD STAKES.—CORRECTED BETTING.-5 to 4 sgst Balmoral, 6 to 4 agst Indiana, 5 to 1 apt Wave. TRADESMEN'S HANDICAP.—CORRECTED BETTING-5 to 4 sgst Sleeping Partner, 6 to 4 apt Gaylad, 4to 1 apt John Bull. WEDNESDAY'S RACES. INNICEErEIte STAKES ; weight for age, &c. One milo and a quarter. Mr. Darling's Lady Vernon, 3 yrs, 6st 71b (Ashmall Mr. Gulliver's Chilton, 3 yrs, 6 , 1 131 b (Wells 2 Mr. Hargreave's Osbaldeston, 6 yrs, 9st (W. Sharp 3 The foll.wing also ran :—Garfortb, Economy, and. Mary Ann. Won by a neck; same distance between second and third. _ _ _ FLYING STAKES—A handicap of 5 cove. each, with 40 added. The second horse to save his stake. T.Y.C. Straight half mile. Mr. Phillip's Le Jnif (h b), 5 yrs, Set 21b.. (Knott I Lord Brooke's Grief, aged, 7st 61b .(Crouch) 2 Mr. \Viggan'e Forester, aged, 7st 101 b (Wakefield) 3 Thu following also ran --Osbaldiston, Gaylad, Calot, Richard Primmer, Master Slender, Ferret, Gaged Amour. Ann Page, John Bull, Battery, Evening Star, and Euphc mus. A false start was made, Forester going away with the lead, followed by Euphemus, Ferret, and Battery, in the order named. Calot and Ana Page were not at the p' st, but were, nevertheless, set going in pursuit of the leading horses. At the distance Euphemus dropped off, and Ferret took second place; Forester, however, was never headed, and came in first by a length and • half ; Ann Page and Battery passed Ferret at the stand, the former :Rating Bat tery by half a length for second place. The starter's flag was up during the running, and, atter the horses had passed the post as above described, it was discovered that a false start bad been made, the race was therefore run over again. Euphemise, Ferret, and John Bull did not go for the second " heat." A fine race from the Stand ended in favour of Le Juif by a head, a neck between the second and third ; Osbaldestou, Gaylad, and Richard Primmer • ere next ; the others were pulled up. RAILWAY HANDICAP STAKES, of 5 am. each, with' 5 added. One mile and a quarter. Mr. Scott's Warwick, 6 yrs, fist 41b (E. Jones) 1 Mr. Choyce's Mayday, aged, 7st6lb (Wells) 2 V. easily by a length. SivrarsraisEs of 3 sou, each, with 25 added; weight for agi One mile and a half. Mr. Williams's c by Catesby d by Saracen, 1 yrs, Ost 91b (Yates) 1 Mr Carr's Allington, 3 yre, Bst 71b , (Whitehouse) 2 (Owner) Mr. T. Oliver's Friendless, • lllsitll; (Owners 3 Tho following also ran: Odiham, g by 13tibastes out of Europa's dam, and Cloak (late Dress Improver). THE LADIES' PLATE, of '2O son., WAS won by Capt. Little's Counselln mare. Seven ran. PLATE of 29 SOTS., adtlad to a IlVe v ralle at 2 son. cull, for 3-yro•old and upwards, was irs4) Cap*, L; ` 4 L,