The Express. — London, England, 1853-10-29 00:00:00

c,lcre-,5;e:-;=. TO CORREFPONDENTS. recol'i rontwo . 4 "TN , YAM.," containing the else re nini's oGimite," t. lubliabhl every Inca lay and In‘lay ua Mot for pant. Metre annr r.• • Inter led 'er " Tbs ?sprees," ins,lon !:wring paper, inn , . M.t o NIL... Ileaterteadreat, by two ....Anal on tM day 4.4 pati.lornuo. MGR WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Ti..B DAT—M-rnlair. U. Ts-sosain—ilsrsiri. eh. —.Armen. va. J. a. LONDOY. SATCRDAY, OCTOBER 29. -- • - - Tut impression produced by a leisurcl) and deli. berate perusal of the letters and juurnals we have received from Australia, by the Argo, is most satis. factory. The indotaitab.c energy, the decided pro gress of habits of ortb r and legality, and the gene rally happy and content. el tone which characterises the sturdy inhabitants of t!.e four provisos of New South Wa:e., Vietwis, Van Diemen's Land, and South Australia, is a ,nest gratifying subject of con templation. A truly strange and stirring see do the transactions of these young communities present. 'l'h.re is a gaud deal that may jar on the nerves ot the fastidious,) et all this is lags acral so irresistibly comic. and the ci st turbid stream of human life is these settle ments is so evidently " running itself pure "(as A DM sos phrases it), that the spectacle is an agreeable relief to the humdrum monotony of &el estahlithed societies. It is obvious enough that no one mad brtake him self to Australia who expects, as Bailie: would have said, h. "tarry all the comforts of the lialt-market at his tail." But for any man of sense and energy—who can rough it for a few mouths, endure slovenly !endgame on the part of servants (or the necessity of being at times his own servant), disregard the obtrusiveness of rude and vulgar minds elated with sudden prosperity,—who has, in short, resources witbiu himself, and a skin not pre ternaturally thin and str.sitive, the attractions ulAus trails are almost irresistible. In the first place there is, and is likely:to be, ample provision of fwd fur all in Australia. Curtain hal gefy himself could start no objections either to the quantity or the quality of the " provant." And the thronging towards the gold regions of eager, and sometimes sadly disappointed, gold•hunters, does not appear to have interfered materially with the agricultural pursuits of the colonies. The Sydney Nur/tiny Herald announces a great extension iu the breadth of cereal•sown land in New South Walt., and increasing care in the breeding of cattle for market. There are evidently many long headed fellows in Australia who know that the surest way to obtain a fair share of the gold is not to scamper off to the " diggins," but to remain quietly on their farina storing up beef and corn,—the magnets which draw to them the gold out of the pockets of those who first find it. Food being sun., the other two indispensable* of existence in Australia are clothing and house-shelter. With regard to the first, there are iu Sydney exqui site* of the first water; but, luckily, the reign of fashion is, at the antipodes, far from arbitrary. Jackets and slops of the most rough-and-ready cha racter, with red night-caps above, and high-lows beneath them, may be worn with perfect impunity when a man is at a distance from shops, or till his pockets are sufficiently well filled to admit of his indulging in a more cultivated appearance. House-rents, certainly, are astoundingly high; but this very tact leads to the rapid multiplication of houses, and, in the meantime, the climate is such as to render much frailer sheds sufficient than would be required for Canadian winters. Man (or woman either) in Australia may put up safely with huts which would be positively unwholesome in Loudon. One has elbow-room out there—is not obliged to breathe an atmosphere de-oxygenised and polluted by the breath and sweat of thick shoulder ing swarms of fellow-beings, clean and unclean. And moreover pecuniary interest, quite as much as regard to health, leads men is Australia to live the greater part of their time in the open air. And all the minor inconveniences to which we have alluded are amply compensated by the reflec tion that every individual of average health and strength, who is steady, sober, and industrious, and who does not scorn to make himself (or her self) useful in any honest way that society may re quire, cannot fail of attaining rapidly to a compe tency, or something mote. Large families afford no cause fir anxiety in Australia. No one need dream there of " coming on the parish" in his old age, un less be, pig-headedly, resolve to lead a life which would infallibly conduct him thither, or to some similar terminus, anywhere. The necessaries of life are poured out with an unsparing hand to the denizens of Australia. It is cut-and oome-again for all, with ample room at the board for thousands—for millions more. The inconve niences will every day grow less. The honest and industrious population are daily coming to bear a larger and a larger ratio to the reckless and dissi pated. The tales of plunder and violence which reach us from time to time are laughed at by the resolute, and the privations and the odd shifts to which people are driven are made food for laughter by the wise. Australia is the land for the labourer. Married couples (without family) can have at Melbourne, by the last advice', from 701. to 1001. per annum with rations. Shepherds and hut-keepers stand lowest of the labouring classes in point of remuneration ; their callings requiring less athletic bodies or less intel ligent minds than any others. They receive—the former from 331. to 401. per annum, the latter from 321. to 331. Generally useful servants can earn from 701. to 73/. per annum, with rations. Bul lock•drivers have from 21. 10s. to :it per week on farms—for there goes reason to bullock driving as well as to the roa►ting of eggs. Bullock drivers may be considered as belonging to the aria tocracy of labour, and so may cooks—who receive (males) from 21. to 41. a week. All these rates of wages are with rations superadded, and an Australian ration is ample—weekly 10lbs. of flour, 101hs. meat, 21bs. sugar, and Ob. tea, with salt col /.4,tt.i/.. The state of trade in the colonies at the date of the Argo's departure was satisfactory. The markets were glutted it is true, fur the time, with British goods; but the merchants were in a condition to hold oa till prices rose again, and the rapid in crease of store-buildings had removed the danger once attendant on such a process. Fro& January to July inclusive the gold received in Melbourne per wood was 1,10.5,138 oz. in quantity, valued at 4,144,2671. 10s. The shipments during the same period were valued at 4,589,2721. One fact speaks volumes for the progress of Australia. Twenty years have not yet elapsed since the first foundations of Mel bourne were laid; yet the shipping entered inwards and outwards at that port during the first six months of 1853 amounted to one-third of the sbipping of London during, the same months in 1830 ; was ex ceeded by that of no other ports in England except Liverpool and Newcastle ; and is more than double the tonnage of the Clyde shipping for the first six months of 18.50. Are we not warranted in saying that Australia—the infant Hercules—is of more con sequence to Great Britain than a round dozen of European States! THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 29, 1853. Cavour, by giving him the energetic and popular liberal, M. ltattazzi, as a colleague. It was the elec tion of this gentleman as President of the Chamber of Deputies, which twelvo months ago induced the retirement of M. d'Azegiio, and brought Count Carour into power. continued interchange of shots. About sundown, the Imperialists fleets hating formed a junction, anchored within a mile of the town, and close to the foreign shipping. The patriot squadron took up a position in front of the foreign factories. The 27th passed over quietly; the Imperialists, appa rently waiting the advance of a body of troops, sonic 6,000 of which had effected a landing at the hack of the island during the two previous days and had got within four or tive miles of the city. The first land battle appears to have been opened by the patriots, as the fighting, on the morning of the 28th, is admitted to have been iu the vicinity of the Imperialist camp, from which, having retired to breakfast, the Imperialists, as a matter of course, reported that they drove them back into the town (and which appears to have been believed by sonic people, as another matter of course). In the after noon the Imperialist squadron weighed and stood towards the upper end of the harbour, with the object, it appeared, of destroying the western u urbd of the town, well defended, however, by two bat teries helot: ng to the patriots. A great many of the shot from the Canton junks on this occa sion, as well as on the 26th, appeared directed at and over the houses, breaking a great many tiles, and frightening people from the roofs, where, at the conunenceun :it, the inhabitants had placed . . RUSSIA AND TURKEY. (lIT ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.) VIENNA, FRIDAY FV/751,10, A commercial firm in Vienna has received a de spatch, stating that " there is reason to believe that an armistice has been concluded between the To^k ish and Russian armies. I)ANUBIAN PRINCIPALITIES. BUCHAREST, OCT. is. It is said that Omer Pasha has informed Prince Gortschakoff of his intention to occupy the Sultan's territories (the I'rincipalities) at once. He has also, it is said, written to Prince Stirbey, that he intends entering Bucharest on the Ist of November. On the 11th Prince Gurtschakoff held a council of war. It was resolved to evacuate the southern part of Wallachia, evidently with a view of enticing the Turks away from their entrenchments. It is thought that the Turks are waiting for the full moon to cross the Danube, and that they will cross in two columns, at Widdin and Braila. thenisell cs to wittic„,s the fi4lat. The firing Ceased about six p.m., the Mandarins retiring to their anchorage. The patriot junks did not weigh. On the 29th, early in the morning, the Imperialists effected a coup de main, capturing, it is said, a b,idy of 400 of the patriots, the best part of whom were beheaded instanter. Having frightened the main body of their opponents into a retreat on the town, the Imperialists then betook themselves to the busi ness of destroying the villages where the enemy had resided, killing every man and male child to be found, cutting off the breasts of women who had given nourishment to the detested brood, with other san guinary and brutal deeds. Part of the Imperialist fleet also weighed at high water, and, with boats, proceeded up the creek running half way across the island from the west end of the town, some of the crews landing and capturing those whom they could catch in their retreat. All this was effected be ere breakfast, to which the Imperialists were said to be going. when the rebels gave pursuit, and captured thirty-three of them, who speedily met the same fete which had been meted to the patriots—their heads being exposed as trophies in the streets of the city. Although said to have been defeated early in the day, towards evening the patriot troops were seen entering the city, many of them laden with what had been left in the destroyed villages • the inhabitants of those villages which had not been molested by the Impe rialists also proceeding to the city with their goods, to take up quarters with the insurgents, in whom they evidently entertained more confidence than they did in their legitimate protectors. On the 3Uth the Imperialist fleet weighed early, and pro ceeded towards the eastern suburbs, which they also ineffectually attempted to destroy; desisting at the' hour of nice a.m. On the 31st of August the armies arrayed themselves against each other about two miles from the town ; in the evening the Imperialists marched off to their "Citotr ham"—the rebels to their " tower." The Impe rialist navy effected on this day a good deal of damage among the northern and western suburbs. On the Ist inst. all was quiet, the Imperialists re maining in camp. lI.NL's sloop Lily has been sent up to guard the factories; and, apparently embold ened by a reliance on the probability of quiet exist ing for some time ; his Excellency Admiral Pellew intends, it is reported, to proceed to Manila shortly, with the Winchester and Styx. Authentic intelligence reached Canton a day or two ago, to the effect that a detachment from the Nanking army had reached the borders of Kwangsi, at the point where the Pearl River eaters from the Kwangtung Province, and that the patriots only waited news of the fall of Peking to advance to wards Canton. Hard fighting is looked for about the Meiling Pass, to which place Viceroy Yeh has been for some time sending troops. The Russian merchants are doing an excellent butintss in English cottons, of which large quantities are stored in the Principalities. They send them across the Truth. The Siecle states, in rather a guarded manner, that the governments of France and England have , by their ambassadors declared to the Sultan that they approved, after examination, the resistance is hich Turkey opposed to the Note of Vienna. The fleets go to Constantinople with the intention of lending to Turkey material and moral co-operation, and in certain foreseen eventualities the fleets will pass into the Black Sea. These explanations have appeared completely satisfactory to the Porte, which replied that it accepted with gratitude the co-operation generously offered by its allies. On the morning of the 18th, the date of the last telegraphic despatch, the fleets had not, however, arrived at Constantinople, but it was thought that they would arrive there on the 19th or 20th. Letters from Constantinople of the 13th state that the Prussian officers employed there as instructors in the School of Engineers are about to leave for the army of the Danube. Private letters from the Danubian provinces, in harmony with all official and non-official advices, state that the Russian army is reduced to a deplorable condition by disease. The pacific article which ap peared in a recent number of the official journal of St. Petersburg is attributed to the state of the army. The Greek Patriarch of Constantinople has been in- vited to attend the sittings of the Privy CounciL The Minister of Finance, Mouktar Bey, has resigned his post, and Mousse Safetti Puha hu been appointed in his place. Paris letters state that everything is prepared for a land expedition to Constantinople, but no orders will be given for it to leave unless new circumstances should render it necessary. This is not all that has been done at the Ministry of War. The military cadres have been reformed, and such admirable arrangements have been made that in less than six weeks the standing army of France could be raised to 750,000 men. The 'Paris journals publish tho report of a French gentleman, who has arrived in Paris from what may now be called, perhaps, the scene of war. He gives a sad account of the Russian army. The irregular troops, he says, are utterly without discipline, the soldiers indulging in pillage, whilst their officers in dulge in dissipation ; and his account of the regular , 1 troops is not much more satisfactory. This gentle man passed some days at the camp of Omer Pacha, which he declares to be in a much higher state of discipline than could have been expected. That of the regular troops, he says, is almost perfect; and so efficacious is the control of the commander-in-chief over the half-civilised auxiliaries, of which the Turk ish army is in great part composed, that hitherto they have been restrained from excesses. The only fear manifested by the superior o ffi cers of the Turkish army was that if Omer Pacha should resolve upon a mere defensive policy, these auxiliary and irregular troops could not be kept together during the winter. A Frankfort journal reports a " reconnaissance" an " exchange of shots," and a " collision" on the Danube, in which " happily no one was injured." COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. BOMBAY, SEPT. 27. Since the date of our last report there has been less business transacted than we expected at that time would have been the ease. During the last fortnight orders from the districts were at first received to a considerable extent, but In consequence of the very scanty fall of rain lah.ly many of those orders have been countermanded, and others are now coming in but slowly. However, by late accounts, we have received accounts of indications of rain, which, if realised, must im part a briskness to trade. GaET SIIIRTINOS, 38 yards 40 inch.—The lower and mid dling qualities of these arc saleable at re. 41 to the higher qualities ire not is so much request. 45 inch is without any material change in value, and is in slight, inquiry. For grey long cloth we are still without the de•l mud we ought to have at this season, and the prices offered are extremely low. Grey domestics remain almost without change, and very few sales are reported; short' widths of the coarser description are most wanted. Grey madapollams continue in good demand. Grey jacconets, of a description worth rs. 1 8.16 and upwards, and 40 to 45 inch, are scarce, and in request. The lower qualities of bleached shirting' are still in demand ; for other descrip tions inquiry has moderated, and the value has slightly declined. Of bleached madapollams the lower qualities are scarce and in request, other descriptions are in moderate inquiry. Higher descriptions of bleached jacconeta have slightly receded in value. The higher descriptions of cam brio, 12 yards, maintain their value, but the lower qualities have somewhat declined in price. Turkey red cambrics are only saleable at a value somewhat declined. Turkey red twills have been dull for some time past. !dulls have slightly declined. Dyed cambric,, of 28 yards, are wanted Mmits.—Copper : The market is looking up. For sheathing we quote 621 to 63 rs.; brazier's, n. 621 ; bottom, rs. 63 to 64 ; tile, n. 86 to 561; South American slab car per, rs. 64 to 65; sheathing nails, n. 62 to 53, and brass sheathing, rs. 5.5 to 68 per cwt. Iron has slightly advanced ; Swedish bar, to n. 48 to 50 ; steel in tubs, rs. 12 ; faggot or bundle, is. 9 to 11 ; English bar, rs. 35 to S 6 ; square nail rod, re. 84 to 35 ; rouna rod, rs. 44 to 46 ; sheet iron, n. 71 to 71, and hoops, n. 6 to 7. Lead : Little business has been done; our quotations are—Pig, rs. 11 ; sheet, n. 14. Spelter, n. 121 to 13. Quicksilver, n. 54. Tin plates, re. 13 to 131. Red lead, n. 121. White lead, n. 11 to 111, but little or none now remains in first hands. Cochineal, is. 1 13-16 to 1 14.18. THE OVERLAND MAIL. INDIA AID CHINA. We add the following to the news which wo pub lished yesterday under this head. BURMAN. Rumours are again rife of large bodies of armed men assembling in the neighbourhood of Meaday and Prome ; and the district of Sarawah (not Sarawak, remember) is reported to be overrun with bands of plunderers, and everything was in an uproar. The town of Kangain, for the protection of which Major Minchin and a wing of the 07th Native Infantry had been sent from Prome, had been attacked by dacoits, and Lieutenant Maisey and • few of his men were wounded. A reinforcement of 30 officers and 100 men of H. M. 80th, 2 officers and 100 men G7th N. L, and an officer and 29 of the sappers, had been sent down to Major Minchin on board the Indus steamer—the detachment being accompanied by Captain Latter. The men of the 80th returned to Promo without landing, there being no need of their services. Captain Latter wished Major Minchin to proceed across the river to attack the dacoits, but this gallant officer replied that he had no orders to take the held after them. They all consequently escaped with the booty, some sixty boat loads, plundered from the town. It was the belief that had our force pushed after the robbers, as Captain Latter wished, the marauders would have been obliged to abandon their prey. Prome and Meaday are to be garrisoned by Bengal troops—the Ist Fusiliers and 10th N. I. to garrison the latter. Nothing is said of sickness being over-prevalent--scarcely a word of news has been received from any station but Prome. The Rangoon Chronicle of August 31 writes: Our policy in endeavouring to force a capitation tax on the poor wretched starving people is enough to make them rebel against our yoke, and unless the government find means to alleviate their sufferings—for you cannot get blood out of • stone—our districts will remain in a most unen viable state for months; neither will the popularity of Capt. Phayre nor the despotic manner by which Capt. Smith has endeavoured to levy the imposition of a capitation tax assuage their suffering ! This grasping and grabbing aye tem in our policy must be suspended a while, else the country will be lost to us, and Lord Ellenborough's pro- phetic soul will have realised all that he has prophesied— disgrace. Corro,e.—The last &musts from China if the states of the markets there quite . prevent any operation in cotton, ' and from England there i s no encouragement for shippers, and as the cotton dealers bold out for former prices, few operations are taking place, but cotton might be purchased at about 1 r. per candy cheaper, making Broach, Surat, and Jambooser at 104 rs. to 105 rs. ; Dhollera 103 rs. per candy. LINSEED is held at 31 rs., at which business has been done, but 3110.16 is now asked, at which no transactions have transpired. EXCHANGE on England has been pretty steady throughout the fortnight, and no largo amount has been transacted, the rate haring varied from 21. lad. to 2s. 11d. per re. six months' eight for first class paper, and 2s. 11d. to 21. lid., for bills secured by documents. - _ Facto HIE have also remained steady at 21. 17s. 6J. to 31. to Liverpool, with 31. to 31. 81.6 d. to London, but not much has been done to either port. CALCUTTA, SEPT. 17. Very little change has occurred in our export market since the date of our last report, and transactions have been upon a limited scale. The prospects of the indigo crop re main unchanged, and according to present appearances the utmost increase that can bo expected on last year's figure cannot exceed a very few thousand maunds. The ship ment* to date amount to 26,850 chests, of which 14,907 chests have gone to Great Britain. The market is barely supplied with sugar, but prices are supported. A good de mand prevails for rice, and toe table kind has further ad vanced Ito arum per md. Hides show a considerable in crease in the quantity shipped since the date of our last report, but without any alteration in value. The scarcity of sticlac in the interior has induced holders of lac dye to be very firm, and little consequently has been dente in the article. The position of shell lac remains unchanged. In our import market, the demand for grey shirtings, jaconets both grey and bleached, and grey madapollams continues good. Our advices from the Upper Provinces are less encouraging, and, upon the whole, our market may be considered not so animated as it was at the ate of our last &deices. Copper is quiet and has slightly declined. Iron maintains its place, although only a moderate business has been done in the metal. Spelter and lead are without report of sale. Salt has slightly improved in value during the last few days. The Money Market continues to be well supplied, ad vances being readily available on fair securities at the cur rent rates of interest. A government notification of yes terday's date hes appeared announcing that the four per cent. loan has been closed. CHINA. Rates of exchange for the present mail have been steady throughout at 2.1 for credits; and 2.1 to 2 1 k for docile meats at 6 manilas' sight. The market to-day closes at the same figure, but sales are difficult to effect, and as the supply is rather greater than the demand, rates may posai bl• advance au eighth beforo the departure of the mail. Bink post bills, 2.01 to 2-01, 30 days' sight. Bank bills, 2-oi. On China, 216 to 250 u. per 100 dole. On Singa pore, 216 to 230 ditto. On Madras anal Bombay, at 3 days' sight, par. . . e have hardly any change to notice in the rates of freight. We quote to Great Britain : 31. 15s. saltpetre ; 31.175. 6d. sugar; 41. rice; 41. ss. 6d. to 41.105. oilseeds; arid 31. 10s. jute. Tonnage is scarce, particularly for light freight, such u silk, Cgc. THE TIMES A.ND THE QUEEN OF SPAIN. TO THE IDITOR OF TII7 EXPEE.IB. Slit,—The journal that assailed an English lady— Miss Caningbame, when she lay seemingly helpless in an Italian gaol—now finds congenial employment in an attack upon another woman—more ckcated, but much more unfortunate, than our countrywoman in Tuscany-. The pen that toadies the Emperor of Russia libels the Queen of Spain ; and, having vaunted the glories of despotism at St. Petersburg one day, it hastens on the next to breathe rancorous inuenaoca and heap insidious slanders round about the throne of Madrid. In the one case the interests of the house of I tomanoff are assisted, in the other those of Orleans. The infamous intrigues which ended in the Spanish marriages were believed by their author to have secured at once a husband fiir the Queen of Spain, with a certainty of no heir to her throne ; and now, when the last of these shameful hopes seems fated to disappointment, the tongue of slander, arid a libellous pen, are busy with the character both of mother and expected child. People in London have lately been discussing the best means of checking thi: cruelties of women-beaters but unhappily the brutality is not confined to the residents of London rookeries. It is not brick layers and costermongers alone who enjoy attacks on defenceless women. Like the worst of the women killers who figure in police-courts, the Times chooses for its attack the moment when its victim is about to become a mother. Its victim ps not only a woman, but a pregnant woman. To hit at Miss Cuning hame when she was held fast in the limbo of the I hike of Tuscany—helpless in a foreign country and apparentiy friendless—was cruel enough in its way ; but now we have a lady assailed by all the rancorous arts of the most insidious and crafty slanders, in the very hour when the mental torture that such an attack most cause may be most disastrous to both mother and offspring. The charges laid against the Queen of Spain are just of the class in which the late Mr. Barnard Gregory, of Sitarist notoriety, most delighted in. To reply to them is to be defiled, whilst to leave them unnoticed is almost to court infamy. Whilst objecting to the unmanly conduct of your contemporary one woad should be said to guard against the possibility of my being supposed to sym pathise with the general character of the Spanish go- vernment. Spain is bigoted in religious matters, disgraced in financial ones, whilst in politics the rule of Isabella Secunda is very far indeed behind what those liberals who aiecd her against Don Carlos hoped it would be. But the Queen of Spain has very little to do with government : she reigns, but scarcely rules. It was not the Queen who" worked" the Spanish debt and plundered the English creditors of her country, any more than she chose the husband she was induced to marry. If her conduct has really afforded any grounds for scandal, the authors of that very marriage are the authors of the mischief. Tricked, disappointed, and disgusted—if she has sought gratification and re venge, it is scarcely the privilege of those who brought about the sin to be the executioners of the backslider. That is the exclusive privilege of a certain " gentleman in black." AN ENGLISHMAN. BELLOT TESTIMONIAL COMMITTEE. The preliminary meeting of this committee took place on Wednesday lit‘t, at the apartments of the Royal Geographical Society; Sir Itooanick MVHCIIISON in the chair ; when it was resolved that, in order to give all per sons who are interested in the fate of this gallant and lamented officer an opportunity of recording their sense of his noble conduct, a puNlic meeting should be called as soon as possible. The chairman stated that the interest excited in this case having now assumed so national a turn, it was his opinion that the chair at the meeting would be more appropriately filled by some public character than by himself, and it was resolved that the First Lord of the Admiralty should be requested to take the chair on the occasion ; and that, in the event of his declining to do so, Sir Rods rick Murchison be desired to continue in that office. From what has since transpired it is understood that Sir James Graham, fully appreciating the compli ment paid him by the committee, has expressed his opinion that his official position prevented his taking the chair, but that he entirely concurred with the resolution of the com mittee that Sir Roderick Murchison should continue to occupy it. Sir James has further consented to move the first resolution at the meeting. The Earl of Aberdeen, entirely participating in these views, has expressed himself to the effect that be willingly, and with the greatest pleasure, associates himself with those who form the com mittee for this object, in which, from the first, he has felt a very deep interest UNIVERSITY AND CLERICAL. CAMBRIDGE, Ocr. 28.—At a congregation holden this day, the following degrees were conferred :—lncorpo rate M.A.: James Moore, Trinity College, Dublin. M.A. : Herbert Broom, Trinity Colle , ;e ; W. S. Turnbull, St. Peter's College; C. J. Gill, Emmanuel Co:lege. LL.B. : Thomas Waraker, Sidney College. At the same congregation a number of graces passed the senate. The Fitzwilliam Museum Syndicate presented their annual report, which announced that " since the last report the collection had been enriched by a set of casts from the lialicarnarsus marble!, presented by Lord Strat ford de Redcliffe. Twelve elaborate copies of mosaic pic tures still ezisting in the Bulling of Rome, and a dates ranging between A.D. 492 and A.D. IZY2, have also been re ceived from C. R. Cockerel', lin., R.A. The following additions have also been made to the museum during the past year: A fae simile of the fragments of the Hieratic Papyrus at Turin, transmitted, at the request of his Grace the Duke of Northumberland, by Sir J. Gardner Wilkinson. A collection of Egyptian antiquities procured by A. B. Cheales, Esq., M.A., of Christ's College, during his travelling bachelorship. Mr. Pitt's watch, presented by the Right Hon. R. A. Christo pher. .1 manuscript in the Tamed language, presented by the Rev. T. Brotherton, of Corpus Christi College. VACANT CDRACY.—The presentation to the curacy of Acton Rounds, Salop, now vacant, has lapsed to the uni versity by reason of the disqualification of the patron,who is a Roman catholic. The elretion of a clerk to be presented is fined for Wednesday, Nov. 113. LATEST FROM ABROAD. The foregoing announcement appeared yesterday at an early hour in a second edition of the Daily News. PARIS. FRIDAY Evs.rtso. Letters from Constantinople state that the Russian agent, M. Argyropulo, has had ay interview with the Austrian internuncio, and has formally placed the Russians in Turkey under his protection. The telegraphic despatch in the Moniteur, an nouncing the commencement of hostilities, has had a depressing effect on the Bourse. The Three per Cents. have fallen I per cent., and the Four-and-a. Half per Cents. 40 centime', below yesterday's prices. Final quotatimui :—Three per Cents., 71.70 ; Four and-a-Half per Cents., 98.75 ; Bank shares, 2,700. It appears from private letters that the affair on the Danube wee the result of a movement of the Russian flotilla at Ismael, to place itself in commu nication with Ibraila, a port in Wallachia, situate on the left bank of the river. FIGHTING AT AMOY. From a letter, dated Shanghae, the 27th ult., we learn that " Shanghae and the country around are now in a state of partial rebellion ; when it will be come open and general we know not." Since the arrival at Peking of Taiping Wong's troops, news has not reached us, but we expect to hear now very soon that the capital hos fallen." The news from Amoy is brought up to the let instant. The long threatened attack by the Imperialists commenced on the 25th ultimo, but the patriots were still in posses sion of the town when the clipper schooner Ma zeppa left on the 2nd. The following is a report of the most recent operations. At daylight of the 25th of August, a fleet, consisting of 29 Canton and 14 Amoy junks were seen entering the harbour, and about noon ranged in battle array before the long battery—a brisk can nonading continuing for several hours, when the Imperialist fleet hauled off out of gunshot reach, and anchored for the night. Wh:lst the firing was going on, another fleet of some 50 junks came round the west side of the island, landing their crews, and de stroying seven villages, said to have been occupied principally by insurgent families. On the 26th but very little was done on either side until about 3 p.m., when the Imperialist fleet, which had been augmented in numbers during the night, weighed and passed round the south side of Kolungsoo, ex changing shots on the way with the battens, both the island and the main. The patriot fleet, said to be TURIN, TarasnaY. greatly inferior in numbers and equipment, also The King has replied to the attack upon Count weighed from the iuuer harbour, and kept up a The following telegraphic despatch has been re ceived from Marseille. " The French and English fleets weighed anchor and quitted Besika Bay on the 17th inst. ."I'he Friedland, which quitted the port of Con stantinople after having been repaired, has gone to join them at Gallipoli. " The Sultan has reviewed a body of 26,000 men, who set out immediately afterwards to reinforce the army of Asia." It is said that the lusicipal Council of the city of Paris, becoming uneasy at the extraordinary ex pense entailed on it by the indemnity which it pays the bakers for the bread sold at a reduced price by the command of the government, is about to submit a plan to the Emperor for the reduction of the public works in Paris, and likewise for permission to con tract a now loan. It appears that some of the Polish refugees in Paris have applied at the foreign-office for passports for Turkey, which have been granted, but on condi tion that the parties shall not return to France. ITALY. CHINESE MARKETS. CANTOX, SEPT. 5. But little business ding either in imports or exports. ENCH•NGIIB AND BULL lON .—On London, 76. 93. Pay ment for produce has been made to the native dealers to very large amounts in Oriental Bank bills on London, which are resold by the ehMere to impartsrs of drug and bullion at a sacrifice of about sixpence the dollar ; the bang bills re feried to brine exchanged to shippers of produce, they giving up their own bills with collateral security, and a profit of twopence in the dollar to the bank. Fitnic England, 21. t, 21. 10s. for tea, and 10s. more for silk. Tonnage very abundant. to America, 9 dots. in clippers, but no freight offering. .. • At u. 26. Business in imports is nearly suspended. The deliveries of grey shirting. have lately been rather large, an outlet having been found at Ching-koug, previously thought to be impracticable; however, the highest quotation for 3j to Si lbs. goods, the only description at all wanted, is 1 dol. 20c. to 1 dol. 2. c, per piece. TZA.—The extreme rate of exchange, and the impos sibility of selling goods against produce except at ruinous rates, kept our tea market quiet at'.. r the departure of the last mail until the list few days, wheo the arrival of acme chartered vessels with a short number of ley days, obliged the charterers to snake some arrangements fur loadiug th• la, and the Cabins were induced to accept Eaglish bails at 7s. 2d. to 7s. 4d. in payment for their teas, in winch way a good many purchases have been made. SlLlC.—Since our lut advices !arge quantities of silk have been brougt.t down, and the silkmen have been anxious sellers at reduced rates; operations have been very extensive, say fully 6,000 bides. Excites:mi.—Credit bills on England 6 months' eight 7s. 9,1. East India Company's b.lts ou Bengal accepted 3 , 10 rs. per 100 dole. —Malwa, 310 d stock 2,4001b5. ; Patna, 324 duls. to 330 duls., stuck 60;,P,5. SixfuronE t SErr. 15. The import market has been exceedingly dull during the hut fortnight, since the departure of the Siamese tralers, and, local wants being on a very limited scale, there is no immediate prospect of impr ,venicut. From the causes no :iced in our Ikuit, holders of co'. on manufactures are offering to sell at a further reducti in in price, particularly of twist, but buyers are very shy in adding to their stocks. EXCHANGE.—On England.—The Oriental Bank offers to dr kw at ss. Id., 6 months' izht. Private bills :ire selling at ss. 2d., six months' sight ;but, from the continued tight ness of the money market, which is causing great inconve niency, an advance may he ex acted by the chase of the month. AMERICA. (ny ELECT 1C TRLEORAPR.) (FRUX ova OWN CORRESPONDENT.) * ARRIVAL OF THE ARABIA. LIVERPOOL, SATURDAY. The Royal Mail stcam-ship Arabia, Capt. Judkine, was off Holyht ad this morning, inward bound to this port, with the usual mails from the United States and British North America. The Arabia was to leave New York for Liverpool on the 19th inst.; she has, therefore, in another ex traordinary run across the Atlantic, again given proof of her great speed. Owing to the state of the tide it may be 2 or 3 p.m. before she can arrive in the river; and her mails will not be deliverable in London until Mon day morning. AUSTRALIA. The latest dates of our letters and journals re ceived by the Argo arc :—Syduey, 10th August; .Meibourne, 213 t August; Launceston, lath August; Adelaide,l3th August. From the newspapers and communications of our correspondents we have gleaned the following outline of events in New South Wales, Victoria, Van Diemen's Land, and South Australia, from the departure of the Chusan from Melbourne (12th August) and that of the Argo inclusive. VICTORIA. (Abridged from the Melbourne Argus.) THE GOLD FIELDS. Symptoms of a marked improvement in the yield of our gold-fields have again begun to make their ap pearance. Fresh spots have been discovered which give indications of extraordinary productiveness, and even the old ground has been so mach more prolific as to yield for the last week, as well as the one preceding, more than has hitherto made its appear ance for any one week of the last six months. We have, therefore, good grounds lot congratulation, inasmuch as we have attained already a steady yield, of a largo amount from mines of ascertained character, worked in a regular and ayctomatio manner, by a class of diggers who have now set tled down in a business-like way to their occupa tion as a work of labour, ensuring certains returns; and not as a mere venture dependent upon the chance or caprice of fortune; while, in addition to this, we have fresh discoveries, promising brilliant success to those who lack patient perseverance, and who can be only tempted by a great prize and a corresponding risk. There is no doubt that for L the last seven months the yield has not been all that could have been wishea—in fact, the yield has declined till last month, when it seems to have reached its lowest point; but every present indication from which we can judge leads us to con clude that we are now entering upon a season of activity, and that we have reasonable prospects of great and satisfactory results. To show what the fields have been doing, we shall be excused, we hope, if we again submit the comparative statement of the quantities received by escort, and shipped, which was given in the Chusan summary, particularly as the quantity for July is now complete, which it was not in our former statement. Go.l received per E s cort. Gold Shipped. 1952. 1853. • 1852. 1953. January 53,591 186,615 160,477 266,868 February March 62,026 169,654 107,406 166,423 April May . 77,217 116,812 94,075 213,319 June July Since the close of the month of July the remit tances per escart have been very great. The first week of the month of August showed an amount superior to any this year; and though the following or second week of this month is not so productive, it also presents a satisfactory result. The amount re ceived from the different mince for the portion of the month now expired is as follows: Gold received per Escort, since July 30, 1953. Beadigo & . 'Week NotTnt ending Alexander. Ballarat. Ovens. M'lvor. Total. Aug. 6., 55,617 4,749 5,205 6,137 70,700 Aug. 13,„ . 33,506 6,302 ),637 44,4% , Should the next two weeks average as much as the last two, the month of August will then show a result superior to any month of this year, and so afford confirmation to tho belief that the mines are giving promise of again becoming very rich and pro ductive. The only diggings in operation at this time last year were those of Mount Alexander and Ballarat, the Ovens and M'lvor having been since discovered. We therefore compare the yield of those two fields last winter with that of this year: Yield of Mount Alexander and Ballarat. For 1852. For 1853. January February 55,332 142,011 March April 67,556 138,277 May June 108,6:A 106,146 , .. 10,7 July From these statements it will be observed that the amount for July received per escort exceeds any other month this year; and that the amount shipped for that month also bears a favourable average as coin pared with any of the others. A feeling prevails in some quarters that these returns do not indicate pre cisely the quantities received from the gold-fields, or the quantities shipped ; but though they certainly do not and cannot represent either of these quantities with positive accuracy, still wo believe that, for the purpose of exhibiting the progress of the mines, their yield and results, they contain what may be relied on as a pretty certain index of our mincial wealth. The escort is now the chief source relied on for bringing down the gold, although a good deal still comes by private hands; and hence by this means we may form a tolerably accurate impression of what is doing at the gold fields. By this test we arrive pretty nearly at the amount discovered ; but wo can not ascertain so easily or so accurately what has been shipped; for much certainly leaves the country, both for home and colonial ports, by private hands, which is never entered at the customs; though it may be assumed that the quantity so leaving the colony in a manner which cannot be recorded, bears a pretty re gular average to the amount which is recorded. In both cases, therefore, whether as regards the yield of the mines or the shipments from the colony, we ven ture to say that the returns now given are essentially accurate, and may be relied on ; and from our rr xe rience of the mines, the present state of the weather the period of the year, and the numbers now flocking to the diggings, we may also venture to add t h at there is a prospect of a growir gincrease to the yield of thie important branch of cur colonial wealth. Very flattering accounts still continue to pour in, from a new field just discovered upon the batiks of the Coul burn, at a distance of about SO miles Pima Melbou:ae. SHIPPING. For the last six months no has than 968 vessels representing 4it5,000 tons were entered inwards; and 830 vessels representing 231.000 tons and upwai do, were clearcd through the Custom House outwit:de. Presuming this to continue, we shall have an aggre gate tonnage trading with this port dm ing the year, of 1,148,6W2 tons—an amount, as we pointed out the other day, which is actually almost equal to the ton nage of London in lsl7. Even in the year is, - ) 0, Loudon only exceeded us threefold, Liverpool being ahead nearly in the &WIC amount; while Newcastle is the only other port in the British dou,:aions which has a greater tonnage than we employ, and that only to a very inconsiderable extent. Melbourne is thus, so far as the amount of tonnage forms any criterion, the fourth part in her Majesty's dominions ; and it is another :marl:able circumstance that her present tonnage is more than double what the Clyde shipping represented in 18.10. Such are curious facts; preg nant with great results, and well calculated to strike the thoughtful inquirer with astonishment, when lie keeps iu view that we are comparatively an infant colony of only eighteen years' standing, composed of a mere handful of inhabitants, nut exceeding 250,000, who have hitherto been compelled to struggle against an obstructive executive, in the ab :mice of a regular constitutional government, and under the necessarily loose administration of some. what unsettled laws, in a still more unsettled and distracted state of society. SOCIAL CONDITION. The large and continuous infusion of fresh and healthy elements into our population—the absorbing nature of the individual struggle for wealth—the facility with which every man who is willing to work can secure it comfortable maintenance, and something over—and a marked improvement in the police system—have combined to cheek the tendency to lawlessness, and to promote order and morality. We mention the improvement in the police system with special gratification, because nothing could be more inefficient than it was sonic time since, and it was not passible for us to speak of it in any terms except those of emphatic condemnation. The main features in this desirable result are the edition to the local force of a draft of the London police, the em ployment of many of the military stationed here in police duties, and the introduction of better disci pline into the force generally. The system is still very tar from perlec, but there exists no reason why it should not be raised into a condition of the highest efficiency. At all events, we may now venture to assert that life and property are very much more secure than they have lately been, and the tendency is towards still further improvement. SOUTH AUSTRALIA. We have received the Adelaide journals to the 13th of August. The weekly government land sale, on the 11th instant, was very successful, much competition being displayed. The amount realised was 6,4311. ss. The comparative returns ot• these sales for the yews 1832 and 1833 afford gratifying proof of the prosperity of the colony. The total amount received on account of land sold in the first half -3 ear of 1852 was 13,627/. los., and for the same period in 1853, 1412,051/. its. The average realised per acre in 1832 was 225. ld., and in 1833, 265. Id. The Steam Flour-mill Company at Port Elliott have memorialised the governor for an Act of In corporation. The "Metairie Times gives the following particulars of a singular robbery which occurred on board the 11 il- Ham Stewart, now lying at Port Adelaide, on Monday night. It appears that on the afternoon of that day Captain Riches left his ship, and proceeded to town, leaving the vessel in charge of his mate. In the course of the evening the carpenter and a Mr. Radcliffe reported to Sergeant Burley, at the police station, that the captain's cabin had been btoken open. The sergeant immediately went oa board, and commenced a search among the sailors. About this time the captain came on board, and dis covered that out of one of his dtavrcrs iu the cabiu thirty sovereigns, two 101. notes, two 51. notes, and three 1/. notes had been abstracted. The sergeant then commenced to search the cabin passengers' lug gage, and upon coming to one of them, certain articles were found—such as shoes, a cigar-case, &c. —which the captain claimed as his property. This gave rise to the suspicion that the owner of this baggage had the money, but this he stoutly denied. I Subsequently, we aro informed that this person has I not only confessed to the robbery, but refunded to the captain the whole of Otis money. It is reported that he is the son of a person of high distinction, and that he has only come to this colony for the benefit of his health. ROADS AND RAILWAYS. The AdelaVeliepi:st;•ofii;C;itliCirietant earnestly recommends the authorities and the public to take into consideration without delay the means for effecting some radical improvement in the roads of the colony of South Australia. Our contemporary brings forward some facts, which we have already placed before our readers, as to the comparative cost of the present system of metalled roads, aid the more permanent lines of tramway or railway com munication. He observes—" Beyond the general fact that every mile of metalled road costs some where about 2,0001., we know little or nothing of the economies of our colonial road-making." lle then refers to the ascertained fact, that the American railways have cost on an average, about 5,000/. a mile ; but he does not appear to be acquainted with the cost of tramways, which are not much above half that of railways. The experiment of forming a tramway will probably be carried ' out in the colony, at an early period, as the government were abont to recommend to the legisla tive body the formation of such a line from Port Adelaide to Gawler Town. The Legislative Council were also engaged in the consideration of an impor tant improvement in railway lines, and of car riages adapted for them, patented by a gentleman named Curtis, and which is thus described by the in ventor: . The peculiarity of this system of railways is, that the rails are formed out of the rough trees of the forest, and re quire very little labour to adapt them to the purposes of toe railway ; the carriages run as 1 ghtly upon it as upon the most perfect edge railway; at the same time, the carriages will run equally as well upon the collusion read, and are as easily dragged on or off the rail as carriages running upon the greuite trains in common use; ordinary carriages, waggons, and carts, may be easily adapted to this railway, by simply substituting the patent wheels for those in common use ; also, in the event of the rails being laid down along the common road, no impediment will be created for the conduct of the ordinary traffic along the road ; but the destructive heavy traffic being transferred to the rail, the roads will be subject to less depreciation, and will be kept in repair at a much lower charge than at pre sent. It is intended to work the lines, in the first instance, by animal power; but, when required by the increased wants of the community, and the probable traffic will justify the outlay, by simply placing iron rails on the timber trams, locomotives and trains upon the ordinary construc tion can be made to work upon the railway. The object is to supply a system of roads embracing all the valuable pro perties of the most perfect railway, at the least possible outlay in the first instance, and to improve and extend the lines out of the resources and revenues of the colonies them selves. . _ _ . Phis plan has been considered by the Lieutenant- Governor to merit a trial in the colony, and his ex cellency has accordingly recommended " to tho Central Board not to spend any more money in metalling or making common main roads, and that a contract, under proper bonds and securities, should be entered into uith Mr. Curtis or his company, or both, to lay down a tramway from Adelaide to Gauler Town, and as much farther, or in other di rections on main lines, as can be comparsA for not less than two-thirds of tho sum available by the board in Is 3-1." NEW SOUTH WALES. The Immigration Agent has just submitted to tl.e Governor-General his annual report on immigration to this colony (for the year 1852), accompanied by a series of returns, showing in detail the statistical information referring to the same. This document was published in ixtenso in yesterday's SmineY Morning Ilrr rld. It shows that during 1852, 18 immigrant ships arrived in this colony ; of which 14 landed their passengers at Sydney, and 1 at Moreton Bay ; that the total number of emigrants embarked was 5,01/6 ; the number landed was 4,981; the births 0,3 tion doin is:Y? ler y duri Wit, ditu bum int) , ducc iuc:t latio id at t'uw 'ale and TH' ciel " to a ci eert you the 41 1 , 1 ,