The Express. — London, England, 1853-10-12 00:00:00

Zitt eyan4eos. TO COItItESI'ONDENTS. A &coed lkittiont of "I' ao !Ann..," ~w alning the f3IBC evening's ..Gyr•q,' u pultialtnt ea•ry 1.4...1.1 and Frltlay nape, in tin e elle pont. . . oblong ode 4 for " The Ez;too Lolotor I:ten.no p iper, mot to at the 0:11w, 10, po.atenow.rett, by T to oVook oa toe Ay of poblisitisa. MOB WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Ter. MT—Somali, Mt. lota Aterneup, lot. Vat. To-sox:um —Morning, 111. Um Aftenws, OIL O. LONDON, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 12. YE , TERDAY morning the propounded its in fallilde mare fur the trcubles of the East. "If, in deed, the rights of aa Christians living under the Ottoman Government could be placed under the common guarantee of all the Great. Christian Powers, it appears to us that the true requirements of the present difficulty would be satisfied at mice." The Tim,: is determined that there shall be no mistake as to the lengths it is disposed to go in the policy here recommended : " We bare a case and a strong one .4.tinst Russia; but, as we have repeatedly explained, we can he under no possible obligation to maintain the dominion of infidels over Chris tians, or to limit the extent of protection which these Christians may unit:ire." The Tim.', in short, only disapproves of the inter ference of Russia in the domestic affairs of the Otto man Empire because Russia wishes to interfere alone ; it wotdd be all right if Russia weed allow England and the other Powers to hare • tiiigtr in the pie. The Timm aims at the formation of a new " Holy Alliance" of the Five Christian Powers to keep the " infidels" in order. How would this Holy Alliance work? Austria would be for promoting by all means the interests of the Roman Csthofie Church. Russia would be ego idy eager to institute a Greek Propaganda. Prussia would aim at expanding the Bishopric of Je rusalem into a mcdi;eral quasi-Protestant Church. France would concur with Auntie as long as the Ldtramontane ltomanists supported the ENIPE ZOE ; would wheel round and seek the extension of the Gallic= Church in the East if they turned against him. England would probably be disposed to promote the labours of Protestant missionaries. Harmonious councils would they be, those of the new Holy Alliance ! " Too many masters," the Porte would be apt to cry, as the toad did when a harrow passed over it, every pin inflicting a wound on it. The luckless Ottoman Government would wish itself under the rule of Russia or any one Power, rather than remai■ subject to tho contradic tory orders and requirements of five. Let us look at the proposal in another point of view. One great object of the Western l'uwers, in wishing to bring the Eastern question to a permanent settlement, is to ensure from disturbance the general peace of Europe. But could there be a more fertile source of quarrels among the Five Powers than their eeoflizting pretensions to the guardianship of the sects patronised by them respectively in Turkey ? ' The question originally- mooted by Russia, in the present dispute, was raised by the alleged concession of certain preferences to the Latin Christians over the Greeks. The " Holy Alliance," for the protec tion of Christians in partibus infidelium would occa sion a most extravagant and expensive amount of ink-shed, if not the shedding of a more precious fluid. The Powers themselves, to avoid quarrelling, would each restrain its activity to a certain district; the partition of the Ottoman Empire would be begun. But what right have Five Christian Powers, any more than one, to take upon them to demand from the SULTAN the extension of privileges granted to his Christian subjects? That is the true meaning of the phrase, " we can be under no possible obliga tion to limit the extent of protection which those Christians may acquire." If the SULTAN should consent to recognise the Christian Powers u arbiters between him and his Christian subjecte—ei armed with authority to give the law to both—might he not turn round and claim for himself the sense right to protect Muuulmans subject to any Chris. tian Power ? Would it be conducive to the peace and prosperity of our Indian Empire, if the SULTAN, or the SULTAN and the SHAII, had the right conceded to them of sitting in judgment upon the complaints of our Mohammedan subjects in Hindostan, and deciding how we were to treat them? There is something so glaringly incompatible with justice and the rights of Independent Btatee—eo out rageously impracticable and absurd—in the proposal of the Times, that it might be peened over with silent contempt but for the pertinacity with which that journal, in all its recent shiftings and tergi versations upon the Eastern question, has ob stinately clang to the policy which lies at the bottom of it. The TlOsee bee alternately defended sad attacked the conduct of the Emperor of Rtssm—it has alternately praised and blamed the policy of Austria. But even while affecting to bold lam/sage antagonistic to these Powers, it has allowed no opportunity to escape it of bespattering Turkey. And whenever it has on one day come out as advising resistance to Rusin aggression, or as denouncing Austrian complicity, it has been sure the But day (sometiesse without waiting so long) to bark back and insinuate some compromise, in virtue of which England, Austria, sad Russia, might still con tinue to act is soseert. In all thimitnerre and equi vocation something more is aimed at than the grati fication of Ruda and Austria on the Turkish question. Us These sPeaki the sentiments of those who would entangle England in a participation in the schemes of the Absolute Powers—array England on the side of despotism, spiritual and temporal, against liberal principles and the propene of consti tutional Government. The Times, in fact, is the organ of the sentiments and opinions alleged to be entertained bye minority in the Cabinet. We have reason to believe that if there be any abettors of despotism in the Cabinet they are a minority. We are promised prompt and firm action now on the part of the English Government. We will believe these promises when we in their performance. At present we remain unmoved and profoundly sceptical as to the truth of the thousand and one rumours which fly before the coming events like crowds of stormy petrels before a ship when the wind is riming. That the Porte has set up its rest, and will no longer endure the mis. chierons delays of a shuffling diplomacy, we believe. That the Governments of France and England are deeply pledged to see justice done to Turkey, all the world knows. As to the rumours about the entrance of the Turkish and Egyptian fleets into the Euzine, the survey of Candice am preparatory to naval and military operations on the part of France and Eng land, or preparations to despatch troops to the Levant, time will show what there is of truth and what of falsehood in them. One thing alone is certain —that the autonomy of independent states is now trembling in the balance, and that upon its sunaufnl Desertion depends the natural and peaceable program of free institutions. TIIE KING op ti BELGIANS.—King Leopold does act receive his English pension. Bra return just issued it appears that the saga repaid to the Exchequer wee 36,0001. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. BUCHAREST, SLrT. 27. The Russians have posted strong bodies of troops, with artillery, at the following poitits on the Ihinube, at which it is considered the passage of the river may be effected, viz.: At Bregova, at a point oppo site Widdin, at the ford of Arkar-Palanka, at the ford below Dschibra-Palooka, at a point above the mouth of the Schyl, at hiss, at Flamunda, at a point jest to the east of Giurgewo, at a poiut between Kataritza and Silistria, at a paint seven mike below Hirsova, and, lastly, at Brailow. The D4ats relates an episode of the Russian irruption in its last news from the invaded Principa lities. Prince Stirbey, Hospodar of Wallachia, having applied to Prince Gortschakoff for a trifle of 60,000 ducats " on account," to afford him means of paying the army contractors, received no imme diate answer to his application. But next day the ' Russian Consul-General, M. Haltchensky, sent in, per contra, a little bill to the Hoepodar, demanding payment Of the outstanding contribution assessed ou the proviuce for the Russian occupation of 1418-50 and the province, it is added, will be obliged to pa D,:b.its has also correspondence from Shumla, stating that the army there was daily increasing and was full of enthusiasm. The want of of was, however, felt. The sanitary state of the army was excellent, which could not be said of the Russian ' army in the Principalities, where sickness and a de ficiency of rations were making great ravages among the Russian troops, and where desertion was cer tainly taking place. Very lately a Russian captain and a number of soldiers attempted to pass over the river to the Turks with arms and baggage ; they were, however, arrested. The captain was poisoned, and the soldiers shot. The fulluwing letter, from ono of our own corre spondents, contains some particulars not mentioned in that of the same date published yesterday : CONSTANTINOPLE, sari.. 26. On learning that the Czar had rejected the Porte's modification of the note, M. de Bruck communicated this untoward circumstance to the Divan without delay, but intimated that there were still hopes of an amicable arrangement, and that the Emperor of Austria would use all his efforts and influence with the Czar to effect that object, at their approaching meeting at Olmutz. The Internuncio, however, availed himself of this opportunity to urge the adoption of the Vienna project in its original shape, as a prompt and ready solution of this interminable question. The repre sentativesof the allied powers also, it is understood, held the same language, and endeavoured to impress at least on the ministers the necessity of continuing the negotiations, and that diplomacy offered to the Porte above all other means the best chances of a favourable issue from her present embarrassment. Iteschid Pacha, it appears, received these counsels in the spirit which dictated them, but observed with deep discouragement that he and the other members of the cabinet who shared his opinions were utterly unable any longer to contend with public opinion, l and with an overwhelming majority in council—and that the smallest attempt at further concession would lead to other complications, perhaps to the overthrow of the present ministry—a circumstance fraught with danger to the best interests of his country at the present juncture. A conference took place at the French palace, Perk on Friday, 23rd inst., between the representatives of the allied powers, at which, however, if I am rightly informed, Lord Rcdcliffe did not assist. The French rear-admiral, Barbier du Tinan, is here on board the Gomer, and commands the steam squadron of the combined fleets in port, and which, as you are aware, came up from Besika during the fete of the Bairam, on the requisition of the French and English ambassadors. Advise from Shumla mention that twenty de serters have lately arrived at the camp of Omer Paths; and according to their statement, cholera, dysentery, and pernicious fever are daily thinning the ranks of the Russian forces. Three millions of francs have passed through Bucharest as a provision for their pay. The garrisons of Ibraila and Galatz have received considerable reinforcements of artillery, and the third corps dartnee, cantoned in Bessarabia, has been ordered to advance by slow marches. The Duke of Ncmours arrived lately at Shumla, and was received by Omer Pacha with most distin guished attention and respect. Reschid Pacha, the quartermseter-general, has just returned to Con stantinople from a visit to the camp, and assures me that he was perfectly astonished at the order, dis cipline, and admirable tents* of the Turkish forces-- amounting at the present moment, in all, to above 180,000 men. Three steam-frigates started on the 23rd to bring up from Syria a further reinforce ment of 10,000 men. Reschid Pacha has, moreover, assured me that there has not been a single instance of escape or desertion throughout the whole Turkish army ; that their health is excellent t and that, not withstanding the efforts used to pervert them, the whole Christian population along the Danube is animated by sentiments of devoted attachment and loyalty to their sovereign. Other accounts from Constantinople of the same date state that according to letters from the Russian camp Russia is meditating a winter cam paign, as she calculates on the speedy disorganisation of the Ottoman army, on insurrections and troubles of every kind, and even on a revolution ; and, above all, on the impalpability of the Anglo-French squa dron doing anything. Her intention was to march on Adrianople, and thence towards the Dardanelles, as in 1828—fine projects, but made without count ing on the opposition Russia would encounter in the bravery of the Ottoman army. The relations between the Hospodan and the English and French Consuls have been resumed. The Harder of Moldavia has acted in this instance, as in all others, as a loyal and faithful Prince. The reply of the Hospodar of Walla chia is less explicit; nevertheless, it is believed that Prince Stirbey better advised, and acting on hie own good settee, will return to a policy more salutary to the country and to hinamlL To the Duke of i Nemours, who s now journeying with his brother in-law, the Prince of Coburg, the eastern public at tributes designs above those of an amateur. It is pretended that his massage with the Princess of Coburg has rendered the Emperor Nicholas favour able to him, and the Holstein-Gottorps are allied to the Coburg;. It is again stated that General Pan jutin is to command a corps of 70,000 men, who are to traverse Semis and proceed to Mehi; and that it is only then that Austria will throw off the mask and send her troops in the direction of Pristine, under the orals of the Ban Jellachich. Tines rumours, improbable as they may be, have obliged the Ports W argan t se the defence of the Herzegovine of and of the whole line of the Austrian fron terfakftess battalions of regular troops are now in the two provisoes, under the orders of Arni Poch*, who has his hood quarters at Boma Send. Ibrahim Pasha rallies the reeirve at Pristine, and the whole of the Redib and the Bashi-bouzonks of Bosnia and of Arnaoutlik, have received orders to join the banner of these general officers. Izzet Pacha, one of the most remarkable and most distinguished Mashies among the servants of the Sultan, goes to Belgade. The assurances given by the Serb Kapott Kichaia to the Porte are in effect, that any invasion by Austria would be repulsed, and that 100,000 combatants would rally under the Ottoman banner if the Porte were forced to make war against Austria. Last week a Vienna paper published a letter from Bucharest stating that hostilities had commenced on the Danube, a body of redifs having crossed the river and plundered a Wallachian village. The Berlin Zeit, in repeating the intelligence, stated that it had particular reason for believing in its accuracy. The following are the facts on which the statement was founded : The Russian garrison of Bucharest was alarmed on the 24th of September by a report that a number of Turks had passed the Danube at Zimnitza. Prince Gortachakoff instantly sent orders to a regiment of cavalry stationed in that direction to march upon the place, and also set in motion a regiment of infantry of the Bucharest garrison. In the meantime the Cossack officer, with his 30 men, had precipitately left Zimnitza, and had retreated four leagues into the country without stoppinao convince himself that the Turks really had landed. In consequence two feldjtigers were immediately de spatched to St. Petersburg and Warsaw with the false intelligence, and six hours afterwards two more THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 12, 1853. with the correction of the first. It turnei out that a few Turks had landed on an island, and subsequently returned to biitow. FRANCE. - • - PARIS, TUESDAY Et ENING. I learn from a private source that news has been officially received-Ist, that the declaration of war is placarded in Constantinople, together with a stirring appeal to the Ottoman people to support the Sultan; 2nd, that the Sultan has made an appeal to Europe; and 3rd, that a formal request has been made by the Porte for the assistance of the two fleets. I expect to have the text of one or more of these documents to-morrow. The Dr bats, without taking any notice of the re peated denials of the story of the four frigates having been sent away from Constantinople, repeats it as a fact, and the I'resse endeavours to account for the cir cumstance by saying that if it be true that the frigates were originally sent for to repress apprehended fanati cal turbulence which was not found to exist, their de parture was quite natural, as was also their return in company with the entire squadrons when new orders arrived. The Patric?, however, says to-night that letters from the Bay of Besika of Oct. 2 statu that the frigates were then at Constantinople, and it is certain that the fleets had not thea gone up. We are still without any authentic intelligence of the actual entry of the fleets, but it is admitted on all hands that whether pursuant to a call from the am bassadors or to orders from home, they are at this moment in the Sea of Marmora, beyond all doubt or contestation. The telegraphic despatch relating news said to have been brought by the Fury excites more attention to-day than it did yesterday, although its authenticity is still doubtful. Among many other ' ) grounds of doubt, one is founded upon the fact that Pattie of last night did not publish it. This, how ever, is set off by its publication the Constitutiomiel this morning. The Bourse has been greatly depressed to-day. The Threes fell lfr., the downward movement etting in early, and going on without a rally to the close. With the exception of Dijon and Besancon, which rose Ur. 50c., all the railways fell —many of them 13fr. 20c., and even 30fr. Credit Mobilier fell 27fr. 50c., and Bank of France, 10fr. I have reason to believe that a camp of observa tion is about to be immediately formed at Metz, the command of which will be given (at least nominally) to Prince Napoleon. A letter from Stockholm of the 2nd says, that the King of Sweden had ordered a prosecution to be instituted against the democratic journal, the Vuarost, for having published articles insulting to France—meaning of course to the French Emperor. SPAIN. The Madrid Gazette of the sth publishes the royal decree for the convocation of the Cortes, with the ministerial report on the same subject presented to the Queen. In this document the new cabinet condemns its predecessors for governing without a parliament, declaring the co operation of the Cortes with the government to be necessary to legalise the existence and action of the cabinet. Whether it will go further, and condemn former cabinets by its acts, remains to be seen. ITALY. Monsignor Bedini has addressed a report to the Pope from the United States complaining of insults offered to him at New York by the Italian refugees, headed by Father GavazzL PIEDMONT. The Piedsnontese Gazette, of the ith, contains a long report addressed to the King of Sardinia by Count Cavour, Minister of Finance and President of the Council of Ministers, concerning the state of the corn trade. The minister states that it was his in tention to wait for the meeting of parliament to intro traduce a comprehensive measure on the subject; but that, owing to the situation becoming daily more serious, he recommends his Majesty to issue a decree, to be subsequently laid before parliament for its ap proval, reducing the duty on sacra to one-fourth, and that on other grain to one-half of its present amount. The report is followed by a royal decree to that effect. The Piednsontese Gazette announces the death of the celebrated Italian writer and poet, Count Cesar Saluzzo, on the 6th, at his villa of Monesiglio. He had been secretary to the Council of Ministers un der Victor Emmanuel I. and subsequently tutor to the sons of King Charle s Albert, and Grand Master of the Artillery. NAPLES. The . government of the Two Skillets has decided that, in cossequenos of the existence of cholera, ships coming from London and other porta of the Thames, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Rotterdam, aid Odessa are to be subjected to 10 days' quarantine. For other ports of Great Britain, for Lubeck and Tro ve:Runde, and for ports in the Black Sea other than Odessa, persons alone to be subjected to a quarantine of 10 days. For Gibraltar and the ports in the north of France there is to be a quarantine of observation for seven days. Several vessels ar riving at Naples from Marseilles have been subjected to the above quarantine, in consequence of having English merchandise on board. The Genoa Gazette states from Naples, that the exportation of chestnuts has been prohibited there since the 21st tilt. AUSTRIAN ITALY. A letter from Milan of the 6th, in the Opinion of Turin, states that numerous political arrests are being made throughout the Australtalian provinces, and especially in the Venetian ones. GERMANY. VIENNA, Ocr. 7. We have received almost in the mime breath two pieces of disquieting intelligence. From Constanti nople we learn that war is formally declared: from London that the Olmutz propositions are rejected. The news from Turkey has naturally excited most alarm ; it is questioned and sifted as it deserves to be after the false rumour transmitted from Constanti nople on the 27th ult. It is however believed, and at the bourse has created a true panic. All kinds of securities fell considerably, the public funds from 2 to 5, and railway shares as much es 10 per cent., with a slight rally at the close. The Five per Cent. Metallic*, which on the 6th were marked 901, and which at the beginning of the week were 92, fell to 881; while the exchange on London rose at once from 10.59 to 11.05. The keen instinct of a bankrupt government apprehends more vividly than ever the inconvenience of rising war, and the Ministry publishes the most pacific statement it can of the new phials of the question in the Oesterreichisches Correspondersz. Its article, however, contains so many loopholes, that it can hardly do much to tranquillise those who only take a government statement f or what it is worth. With respect to the declaration of war it is defini tive and complete, but at the same time contingent, and leaves open to the Emperor a space for repent. ance. It is the Sultan who now proposes an ultima tum. The declaration is a kind of military rule nisi, and is to be either discharged or made absolute in a month. Whether it has been promulgated at Con stantinople, and what impression it made there, we are not informed. The absence of intelligence on this head favours the belief that the Porte has adopted a precaution mentioned as probable in one of my:former letters, and, by concealing this important step from its own people as long as it can, is abridg ing the dangerous period of excitement intervening between the announcement and the execution of its intentions. However that may be, it is to be hoped that now the situation of all parties to this disas trous affair has become so serious an increased desire will be felt to put an honourable and equitable end to the dispute. Nothing could be easier, would but the Czar consider only the welfare of the Greek Christians of whom we hear so much. The news from London looks pale beside that from Turkey, yet it has created more surprise. I will not ask the reason why, but really the opinion was tak ing root that the British eabmet would accept any thing. Moreover it had been understood that upon the rejection of the modified Vienna note, Lord Clarendon had proposed u a further expedient, the apposition of a declaration to the original and un modified formula. Such is the !superior influence of situation, that I believe that that portion of the Aus trian public moat convinced of the injustice of the Russian demands, would gladly have seen the Olmutz proposition Elect pt4.(l, so di:astrous is even the ' possibility of war to the Austrian state. I perceive that the attitude of Austria in case of hostilities between Russia and Turkey, is treated in some quarters as still open to specula tion. I should be astonished if any one familiar with the Austrian court should affect a doubt upon this subject. I can well conceive a patriot statesman, contilent in his own ability and in the support of the nation, asserting a dignified neu trality, or, still better, carrying out a German policy on the Danube, after independent mediation had failed. But who are the leaders of Austria now ? She has none. We see a military court without a politic chief, and we see submitted to it a complex of races uninformed by any common national feeling. Neither from above nor from below cam an indepen dent and truly public policy originate, and the Em peror, consulting the safety of his own throne and house, is inevitably led to the side of the Czar. BERLIN, Ocr. 8. The Czar is here, and the government—perhaps I ought rather to say the Chief Minister—chooses the occasion for malziug a declaration of Prussian policy in the columns of tae Zeit. It was greatly neeileci, not that the tendencies of the King or the convictions of M. Manteuffel were unknown, bat people, disquieted by the journey to Warsaw, were asking whether the Minister's influence was as weft able as hitherto to resist the absolutist and Russian party, which more immedi ately surrounds the monarch. The article in the Zeit is M. Mauteuffel's demonstration, and is as much directed against the court party as to the nation. It is entitled " The Position of Prussia," r •id reads thus: "The position of Prussia at the present moment, when a storm threatens to burst in the East of Europe, is justly an object of the highest interest, not only in high political circles, but among all classes of the people. The ques tion is asked with natural anxiety, Prussia be for or against Russia ? ' We say with natural anxiety, for let the question be answered with a yes or a no, the possibility of a war would for Prussia be imminent, should the latest news from Constantinople be confirmed. We are not initiated into the policy which the Cabinet of his Majesty the King will follow in the present critical situation ; but we think that it is only necessary to cast an im partial glance on the history and geographical posi tion of our country to perceive what is now the natural vocation of Prussia. The lesson must be I tranquillising. Prussia cannot find herself in op position to Itusia as long as her policy is sound and conservative. The question whether Prussia will be against Russia or not is thus answered of itself. On the other hand, Prussia has in the present case no need to be for Russia in the sense of intervening with the sword. For the moment, the Russian and Turkish quarrel does not affect our interests sufficiently to make us prefer war to peace. Our own institutions are still young. To con solidate and declare them, peace is before all things necessary. The first discharge of a Prussian gun would echo most dismally in our workshops, factories, and havens. That is unquestionable. But if this is so obvious the public should have confidence in the government, and helieve that whatever may be the march of events, it will not act but as the in terest of Prussia and the good of the country dictate. We are therefore of opinion that there is no reason for looking at the immediate future with an anxious eye. We fail to discern the stamp of authenticity upon the warlike reports which reach us from Vienna and Paris. Should these reports be confirmed, still we believe it would be a very ex traordinary state of things, and one which we can in nowise foresee, which should make it possible for Prussia to take np in relation to the present differ ence any other position than that of a commanding , neutrality." This is very well, so far as it goes, for no one ever suspected that the army of Prussia would be arrayed against Russia on the side of justice, notwithstanding that the severest rebukes of English lukewarmness have proceeded from Prussian journals. But what is the meaning of this neutrality, and to what extent will it be maintained? Last year, when every con tinental, and many a British journal, had its daily accounts of the preparation' of Louis Napoleon, for foreign invasion, a Berlin paper known to receive articles from members of the Russian court, published a statement of the Prussian policy in anticipation of an irruption of the French into Lombardy. The Prussian troops were not to cross the Alps in aid of , Austria, but they were to do what was equivalent, they were to enter the Ger man and Sclave provinces of Austria, and thus release the imperial troops for service in Italy. Now, every one knows that Poland always engages the services of a larger number of the best Russian soldiers than any other portion of the Cur's dominions of equal extent, and even more than the Caucasus. If, there fore, Prussia is to send troops into Russian Poland, she might as well come forward and take an open part against Turkey. Either course would be con trary to Prussian interest', but the latter would be the more honest. The Zeit denies that orders have been given to the papers to bear softly on the Russian Emperor but says that the instructions are to respect all the King's allies. The differenoe is not great, consider ing whose conduct is just now obnoxious. AMERICA. . (ST ILICT3,IO TOUCHUPS.) ARRIVALS FROM THE UNITED STATES. (PROS WM OWN CORZWIPONDINT.) LIVERPOOL, WIDNISDAT. At seven o'clock this morning the new American built paddle steamer Golden Age, D. D. Porter, U.S.N., commander, arrived at this port from New York, whence she sailed on the 28th ult., bringing about 170 passengers. The Golden Age is 3,000 tons burthen, and has engines of 1,000 horse power. She is to sail between Liverpool and Australia in con nexion with Miller and Thompson's Golden Line of packets. At 9 o'clock the United States Mail steam-ship Arctic, Capt. Luce, entered the Mersey, with the usual mails from the United States and British North America. The Arctic sailed from New York on the 2nd inst., and has brought, besides the mails, about 110 passengers, and 240,000 dollars in specie on freight. The United States Mail steamer Washington, from Bremen and Southampton, arrived at New York on Ithe 29th ult. The Royal Mail steam-ship America, from hence and Halifax, arrived at Boston on the 29th ult. The correspondence between M. Ifulseman and Mr. Secretary Marcy on the Kossta affair has been published. Mr. Marcy refuses to give up Kant*, con. firms Captain Ingraham's proceedings, and declines giving any satisfaction. On the departure of the steamer business at New York was brisk, but money was scarce, and stocks bad again fallen. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. The market for bread stuffs was brisk, prices had ad vanced slightly, and considerable transactions had taken place at the following quotations:—Western Canal flour dole. 50c. to 6 dole. 621 c. per barrel, steady; Oennessee I prima wheat, I dol. 48c. to 1 dol. 50c. per 801bs. ; Indian I corn, round yellow, 60c. to 82c. per bushel, steady ; Indian I meal, 3 dole. 75c. to 3 dolt. 871 e. per barrel. The cotton market was inactive, and prices were very feebly maintained. No actual decline, however, can be re ported. The following are the quotations:—New Orleans and Mobile mid. fair to fair, 12c. to 121 c. per lb.; Uplands, mid. fair to fair, HO. to 12c. per lb. In the market for provisions the transactions have been of a quiet character, but prices are unchanged. Shipowners were asking increased prices of freight, the following being the quotations :—Flour to Liverpool, 2s. 9d to 3s. per bill.; grain, 10d. to 101 d. per bushel; cotton, id. to 6-164. per lb. Eschange on London was firm at 109.1 to 1091 ; Paris, 5.121 to 5.13 ; liamburgh, 361 to 361 ; Bremen, 7:4 to 80. GLASGOW AND SOU'Ill-WESTERN RAILWAY.— Traffic for the week ending Oct. 8, 1853, 4,8081. 150. 6d. Corresponding week, 1862,14,3621. 15s. 9d. LIMAN in 1863, 4451. 190. 91. TILE OVERLAND MAIL. (BY srnm•siss AND ZUROPZ.Vi TELicß.vrx.) TRIESTE, Orropas 11. The steamer Calcutta arrived here at 4 a.m., in 110 hours from Alexand: ia. ALEXANDRIA, Ocronrn 6. The American squadron under Com. Perry reached Japan Bth July, and left again 17th July. They were well received, but the opening of Japan is postponed to spring, 1554. Tke patriots in China progress, and Pekin is ex pected to fall soon, and with it the Hungefung dynasty. Manufactures everywhere were in better demand. In the China markets tea was in demand, and congou higher. Raw silk and clzsia also had risen. Exchanges at Bombay, 21. Calcutta, 2: to 2.01, 5. Mug-Kong, ss. 9d. to ss. 101 d. Alex andria, p9l. The Nile has done damage, but is now falling. The accounts from Burmah are unsatisfactory. The war party at Ava is increasing in strength. The king alone prevents war. Our new provinces are overrun with large bands of robbers, who lay them waste with the view of driving the inhabitants into Burmah. These bands are so strong that it has been judged prudent to in crease the force at Promc. Our troops are sickly. The Persians have ob tained possession of Herat. Exports of grain from Egypt still going on. Question of stoppage nnbet tied. TIIE PASSAUE The furowing is a continuation of the official despatches published yesterday : ller Majesty's ship Assistance, on return to Beechey Island, westward of Beillia Harbour. and about 10 miles east M Cape Beecher, July .!U, 1853. MOVEMENTS OF rat SQUADRON SEARCHING FOR SIR JOHN rItANKLIN AND OTIIE1:S. " Sir,—The very unexpected arrival of Commander Pullen in his boat off Dundee island, just as I hail recovered my despatches (deposited for him at Cape Beecher in May last), places me in the position of addressing to their lordships a very hurried despatch. " First, because a mile gained, in this dreaded Strait, is a consideration risking wintering here. Next, Commander Pullen has to return by the west of Dundas end Hamilton's Wands, and I cannot strain his crew by carrying them much oat of their way. "After my despatch of April last I proceeded to tho N.B. as fares the connexion with Jones's Strait in 90 deg., where I foam the sea open, and all progress obstructed on the 20th of May. Polar Sea as far as the eye could range, from 1,500 feet elevation, ' rough sailing ice. " This elevation in let. 76.31, and about 90 W. but the whol ey, I trust, will be (on 1 i in. scale to 1 m ile) ready for transmission before the Ist Sept., at which date I pur pose sending one of the vessels home. " Being cut off by sea, I now pursued an opening from Cape Separation (nearly north 20 miles of Prince Alfred Bay), and reached Wellington Channel. " I next, having noticed loom of land from the high land of Britannia Cliff, started from Princess Royal Island, and reached the westernmost in 78 10 N., calling the group Victoria Archipelago, and the easternmost, forming the channel to Jones's Strait, North Kent, In honour of his Hoye' Highness the late Duke. " lisporta of open water,' the reception of the mis- sing despatches, and other MIKA, rendered my return to the ship to look out for the interests of those still absent imperative. I reached the skip without casualty on the 22d of June, after an absence of 52 days, bringing my men back in good working condition, and not subjects for the list. " Commander Richards performed his work nobly, so did Lieutenant Osborne, his companion. " In the first place, by a curious preconception, he de posited his despatches for Captain Kellett on the 3)th of April at a point in 76 32, 105 4 W., my point agreed on being 77 and 10.5. After having advanced 120 miles be met Mr. Hamilton seeking these despatches. lie forthwith put him en route to obtain the despatches, to overtake Lieutenant Osborne, and by these means place me in possession (by the return of the Reliance sledge) of the important, and, to their lordships, doubtless pleasing intelligence of the safety of Investigator and crew, at Banks Land (as per documenta directed to b• forwarded by Commander l'ullen) having nearly accomplished the N. W. by N.E. passage ! " 10. Commander Richards finding that Commander M'Clintock had poached upon his ground, instantly came to the determination of visiting the licsolute, and obtaining all the requisite particulars relative to the Investigator. " 11. By this course he laid down the shores of the eastern side of the Hecla and Griper Gulf, and on his return Came o Bryant Martin Channel, proving its connexion with our Po lar basin. " 12. Operations for cutting out were complete, when having despatched a cutter, by calculation to render assist ance, she fortunately met Commander Richards at the critical moment, and after an absence of 94 days I had the pleasure of taking him by the hand at the mouth of our canal, on the 12th of July. " 13. That night, both vessels being afloat and ready, everything was embarked, and, on the 14th of July, 11 months from leaving Reecho) , Icland, the vessels again, free from accident of any kind, were again in motion on their proper element. Forty-eight hours found us half-way to Cape Beecher, two more lays to the land floe to Cape Ac land, near Sir R. Inglis Bay, and to-day 10 miles beyond Cape Beecher, with still 10 miles of open water in advance. "Dr. Osborne rejoined on the 15th, after an absence of 97 days, having worked for the position said to be attained by Messrs. Goodeir and Marshall on the south shore, but without meeting their cairns or marks, even until John ' Barron Hill bore north (true). " I have directed the North Star to take home, at the earliest safe moment, the officers and crew of the Investi gator, should they arrive, which, I trust, Captain Kellett will direct, as I do not conceive, looking to their lordship' instruction., that any farther expense should be incurred by the detention of that vessel and crew, merely for the purpose of awaiting the movement of the ice for 20 seasons. I earnestly hope, however, that she may fortuaately be re leased this season, and I have that full confidence in Captain Kellett that such a desirable termination will not be lost sight of in connexion with the return of his own vessel this season. The circumstance of the progress of Commander M'Cltue and the probability of Captain Collinson's follow ing up his track must certainly affect my instructions, and I confidently l oo k for despatches to guide me in the altered state of a ff airs on my return to Beechey Island. I have said sufficient of my leading officers to make their lordships aware of their ability and seal. At the end of this service I hope to be able to report of the general conduct and abili ties of all the others. " Fully trusting that their lordships will feel satisfied, not only that all has been done, but that we are ready and willing to do more, " I have the honour to be your most obedient servant, " EDWARD BILCHIR, Captain, " Commanding Arctic Squadron." " Her Majesty's ship Assistance, Winter Quarters, Northumberland Sound, Sept. 22, 1852, let. 76.52 N., long. 97 W. " Sir,—Being at this moment about to examine the coast (by sledge) easterly to Cape Beecher and Hamilton Island, I take this precaution, in the event of any party from the North Star visiting our cairns, to afford the latest informa tion of our proce ed ings. " On the 14th of August, as my despatch left with Com mander Pullen would inform you, I cleated &whey Island, leaving there Captain Kellett with his instructions, and who would see the North Star safely docked before quitting. Steaming on we passed up Wellington Channel without ob serving Baring Bay, or any of the deep indentations of the new chart, or the Mount Franklin of De Haven. On the morning of the 16th we noticed a very remarkable pile en • hill, apparently the work of man, and I immediately moved on in the Pioneer, examined it, and obtained my first well-axed position in these regions. The pile was found to be merely the remains of a dike, which, being harder than the surrounding matter, bad remained until it had acquired a height of 20 feet—about 14 in the meri dian, and 6 feet E. and W. The position of our cairn (about 100 yards south of it) was in lat. 76 12 52 N., long. 92 48 42 W., evidently the rise from the point where one of the searching parties observed, in 76 13, distant about two miles west from us. But the bays, formed north and south, free from ice, do not exist in any manner worthy of more than slight indentations. The ice or snow, as the southern land is very low, must have deceived the previous visitors. I think I may safely say, that not the moot distant hope of any communication by sea exists in this direction with Jones's Sound. Although, from the fogs and vapours which were particularly noticed from the crow's nest on board, and by myself from the deck, exhibiting at times the appearance of smoke from fires, I am inclined to suspect ex tensive lakes or arms of the sea, &c., running parallel to the northern land, and possibly connecting by some very narrow neck, but westerly much, as it would otherwise materially influence the tides in this region. I now speak determinedly in calling things by their proper names—at least, if any tides are acknowledged in the English Chan nel—regular rise and fall, ebb and flood. Leaving this position, and having already made my mind up not to in terfere with :any land whish could have been seen and named by Capt. Penny's people, I pushed on to the west ward, reaching Cape Beecher about midnight,where a depo sit of 42 days' provisions for 10 men was well secured, and notice of our movement left. Passing westerly, we reached about 4 p.m., the extreme land. Here I erected a very con spicuous cairn, and from the summit (about 1,000 feet above the sea) obtained a view of the distant laud, easterly and southerly, to S.W., where it ceased at what I shall con tinue to consider as Cape Lady Franklin, reserving the name of Sir John for the base of my bill. But hence the view from Cape Beecher was entirely cut off by an interven ing point not less than 12 miles. The coastline, diminished much in length, will, however, accommodate Captain Penny's names, giving to the island next to me Cracroft and Point Sophia, and the points of others his different names. I Lain, t e st l iht a ae n d stiol e n et e s tubmoi time h ruy : t e . t; rt zhh b being : 13 i n a ir rn a r li n M d si at i af, to, octf.tv: covered, I wok possession of it in due form as ' M ain't sea i ceed i beneath he tio floe Northumberlandcee'hin pt cl d i n S h o e u r n . d . 0 n tae compel let me to seek for security for the r:aa" which the sound happily afforded . But, ai it contin ua l to press in, no time WA , to be lint in solectiug asp Wharf e might securely winter. This, fortunately, offered abut, three miles westerly, where the vessels are now wen frezen in. •• On the lath 1 mate an excursion to one of the lag• - amt peaks of the ouat ing rth-western island, Irons which ' I obtained angles to Cape Lady Franklin, as well as to th e southern and westernmost lands, where it seemed to tread away SS.W. ; true the next very distant land bore NICE , about 30 to 3a miles, being nearly the cumnuteddirtaiste which we were from Cape Lady Franklin. I sapeej a n y mark these computed distances to show that under th e most favourable circumstances in this climate, and w i th first-rate instruments, I could barely, at such distaneet, be sure of the objects presented to my view; and even then I asked my assistant to 'musty himself that it really was land which I took. "As tar, therefore, as my observations from this rant, and those of Ccmmauder Richards, from a 11111,11 mountein ' about five miles easterly of me on th e main, are concerned, there is no visible loom of land between Cape Lady Franklin and the newly-discovered land, N.N.E.; er, by actual observation, 143.2 of the horizon. " From the free motisn of the tides : . cad floes in sla t direction, he re lamina to the channel (say 'N.N.w tad S.S.E.), I am satisfied that we are now in the Polar Sea, composed, in all probability, of a great archipelago of islets and sandoauks. " Time was now too precious to lose in waiting for open water for the ship ; indeed, I judged correctly in estimating 'the season' closed, and inonethately determined on boa; and sledge work. It was first intended to take two beat, but the former Arctic men thought that appearmets indicated firm ice or floes. For my own part, I determined to secure my great object of settling the poation of all we had seen, and of being properly prepared for further operations. The light ice -boat, built after a mod,: kat to me by Captain Hamilton, and named after him, ass attached to my sledge. Commander Richards had the second sledge, and Lieutenant Osborne the third, provi. sioned for 21 dap, and with a precautionary depot s eat overland to a hay likely to afford shelter. The party :anal on the 23rd of August. It was soon found that the pons and cracks between the floes could not ho managed by Lae boat, and she little better than pasteboard as to thicknett ; a whale-boat was therefore added. It is immaterial Ear to mention particulars, but on the Intla we landed en a low point, where the coast suddenly tuns to tie outward, and discovered the remains of several well. built Esquimau: houses, not simply circles of sena stones, but two lines of well-laid well in excavated ground, filled in between by about two fee: of tine gem!, well paved, and withal presenting tie appearance of great care—more, indeed, O. in I am willing, to attribute to the rude inhabitants or miaratory Etquinanux. Bones of deer, walrus, seals, &c a numerous. Coal found. " The addition of the whale-boat rendered the movements of the other party so slow, that I was compelled to move on singly, leaving Commander Richards to complete the tout line search from hi- advanced station as long as his provi sions would last (cue sledge having swamped and spoiled the greater part.) " On the evening of the 27th of August, the aneivetsary of the action at Algiers, 1 took possession of the first large island seen from the former station, naming it, in compli ment to the gallant Commander-in-Chief, Exmouth Island.' The summit namal Milne Peak—our second in command. To the eastward of me lay a long table island, to which Commander Richards would repair, and connect it with our survey From :he summit of this island, 580 feet above the sea, and in lat. 77.1 a N., I had anticipated the satisfaction of commanding a most extensive range. I was miserably disappointed ; and, after watching two succes sive days, for hours, through rnowstorrns, for merely some glimpse of the land I had now to seek, I was barely re warded by ascertaining that an open sea, of about 17 miles, would enable me to reach it, if the wind permitted; teethe boat, when sledge-laden, with tent, bedding, provisions, &c.. was not very sate, even on the Thames above bridge. Fortune favoured us, and, by aid of sails (tent-bottom) and paddles, we reached oar destination the next afternoon, after six hours' toil. The ice then moving on to the land completely entrapped us, but we were safe on terra firma. Thick snowy weather continued with light gleams at times, affording us occasionally glimpses of Exmouth and Table Islands. I took possession of this new addition to her Majesty's territories under the title of ' North Cornwall' in compliment to his Royal Highness the heir 'parent. Waiting to secure this position, which was dote' mined to bo in lat. 77 33 30 N., long, about 97 W., and having ascended the highest point of land (within three miles N.E ) and satisfied myself that I commanded ,the north-west extreme for a radius of five miles at least, and that no land within the range of Exmouth Island (17 miles distant) existed westerly of me, I returned to the beach, and having hauled the boat overland, to clear the ice which had entrapped 119, launched into the open water, and pulled along the south western line of the island about 17 miles, where we landed and encamped for the night. " This position proved to be the southern angle of North Cornwall, situated in 77 28 50 N. The weather still con tinued thick, with occasional snowfalls, and hiding most of the objects which I was co anxious to obtain—indeed, barely sufficient of Exmouth and Table Islands to secure my position. tt But in the eastern horizon, where the sun at times shone brightly, I was enabled from a very elevated position to satisfy myself that no land was visible in the eastern horizon for 30 miles; and the eastern low extremity of this land, North Cornwall, distant about 10 miles E.N.E. " Throughout this very interesting search not a particle of drift wood has been noticed since quitting Village Point, and not a trace of human beings. Animal life seems to fail after quitting Exmouth Island. It is possible that the snow may have covered many objects, but we noticed them even when heavier snow had fallen on Table Island. "If our unfortunate countrymen have taken the floe and drifted with it' their case is hopeless. If we may judge from the aspects of the floes, where they had come into collision, or where they piled themselves in layers over 40 feet on the north-western extremities of the Islands, the feeling was disheartening. We noticed nothing equal to it in Melville Bay. Our only resource now is the search of the coast line west and south-weiterly and north and easterly for any traces of vessels or crews. " The tides in the parallel of 77.30 are regular east and west, the flood coming from the east, anti that tide to the north appearing to prevail at a depth below the ordinary thickness of the floe, as we frequently noticed detached heavy masses, drawing some eight or ten feet, pressing rapidly and forcibly against the weather floe edge, and a stiff breeze. The boat was on one occasion so forced to windward, and stove. "Finding little chance of better weather, young ice form ing, and our position being very precarious in such a frail boat against the glassy ice even now on the surface, we took advantage of the lull, and fortunately effected our escape, under great difficulty, to Table Island, the day following Exmouth Island, and forward, rejoining Commander Richards and party before reaching Village Point. " I cannot take leave of the little boat without expressing in common with all her crew, our admiration of her most perfect adaptation for the service contemplated. She bad, it is true, sundry severe injuries, but under Providence we escaped and returned safely. She has yet, I trust, much to earn before she is laid up with her ' honours due.' " From our examination of this northern sea I now feel convinced that the so-termed Smith and Jones's Sounds are connected immediately with this northern sea. If Franklin passed easterly through Lancaster Sound to t/ the opening of Jones or Smith's outlets, we may yet fall upon his traces, as my own spring movements will carry mein that direction. Commander Fallen or Mr. M'Cor sick may have ' already, in part, settled this important question • they were tally impressed by me with the impor tance of that course of search. "Oar parties returned to the ship on the Bth of Septem ber, having been absent but 16 days. It was satisfactory, at ll events, to find that the opinion I had formed of the mason had been fully borne Cut, the vessels being securely frozen in from the period we quitted. " So rapidly, indeed, did the ice appear to be uniting in one common floe, that immediate preparations were made for sending out autumnal parties with the depots for the southern spring search. The 13th of September was, in deed, fixed for starting, but gaps were noticed from our bill (one of the highest in this vicinity), which entirely stopped our proceedings. " Eventually, on the 22nd, I determined on endeavouring to search closely by the coastline between tine and Cape Becher, aas our rapid movement might have caused some little object to pass unnoticed—not probable. " This letter was intended to be deposited at the depot there, for Commander Pullen- Circumstances, now to be detailed, p ted our getting more than one- third of the distance—our return we had to be grateful for. On the morning of the 22nd the same sledges and leading officers started on this service unfortunately with a boat. Having reached and pitched our tents for the third night on an island about 12 mile. to the southward of Mount Percy, or 18 from the ship, the ice also betraying symptoms of great weakness. Bad weather set in, broke up the ice, and cut us off from communication with the main land for more than a week, reducing it to half allowance, and materially depressing the spirits of our men. Food we had in a walrus which we killed; also plenty of fuel. But no one knew bow long this imprisonment was to last, and the anxiety too often expressed for very low temperatures was uncommon in these told regions. At length our wishes were in some measure realised; the comminuted floes froze once more into ice that bore, and we escaped to the main, skirting its edge until we gained a safe landing at nig"t, after sundry un pleasant escapes. " Further expeditions this season were cut off, not only by the severity of the cold, but by the sea maintaining a tem perature which prevented heavy ice from forming. " I now (having retained this letter) proceed to add my observations on our late cruise. The subject is one whic h requires but little comment—via the visual discoveries of Penny. It is my wish to give him every credit; for he is entitled to much for what he his done. He has evinced a masterly and vigorous intellect beyond the usual powers for men not educated for surveying operations. Here, how ever, I cease. " It is probable that he saw beyond what he bad any right to see, but our longitudes, &c., will evince not so the right direction. Therefore, although I disclaim any ma thematical right be has, willingly give him up all his Poe sible radius of vision from any point which we can see. and from which, although never visited by him, we might be seen. " I have, therefore, throwing overboard the true bear._ ing, as well as the passibility of his seeing our points of the termination of the Queen's Channel. retained the names of Sir John and Lady Franklin u oar turning