The Express. — London, England, 1852-03-01 00:00:00

Wit er OrefiO• - - - - - - & ISOM Mos of " TN EzProsi." .r titer *too ems egmbes "Ordlle." ewiy Timounky W Meat sigh% la ors le per /Ayr ormoislorristi km "The Upon." balsa trashy paw, Ilsp mai be st pol thlrds& HO" lasverwratest. 7s, Two Wabash ea the of NISI WAVED AT LONDON BMW& Tar Mt—Nsiams al. Us. —.....Abissass. N. en. loormantow—Ninamlaa. Wks. —asserouft 1111. LONDON, MONDAY, MARCH 1. AWOVOST the many unsatisfactory statements of Lord DILIST on Friday that relative to education occupies • plena He leaves the great work of ncidemg absidau t dr clergy ; though be knows it was became the meek of education could not be carried am bT tlts establishment that the committee of totteeil for education was established. Lord 'mix Res- MI., in his letter to Lmd LANSDOWNE communi ceting the intention of the (lyres to create the com mittee, stated, that "it was her MAJESTY'S wish that the youth of this kingdom should be religiously brought up," bag that the rights of conscience should be respected." Because the respect due to the rights of conscience interfered with the claims of the esta blished church, the committee was appointed to take measure+ for overcoming the difficulty. There is • large domain within the state, into which the church ainiim carry its educational powers, and it is the existence of this domain that constitutes the °iffy difficulty in the way of the education of the whole people. And yet Lord DERBY ignores or pooh poohs this. " I trust I shall say nothing," said he, " which could be oUensive to any ot those who belong to ether communities when 'I say that, fur the promo tion of education and religious knowledge, I rest mainly on the exertions -the able, and indefatiga ble, and enlightened exertions—of the parochial clergy." Now. how the parochial clergy may take this, if considered as a compliment. it is impossible to say. If, however, they arc to consider that these words imply • total consignment of the education of the , °sentry to their hands, noes know so well as them- ' selves that the work is beyond their power. Arch deacon Deutimx himself makes no such claim. He merely demands that the management of church schools shall he absolutely and without any restrie tMa in the hands of the clergy of the establi.liment. He tells you clearly enough that the church cannot educate the whole of the nation. He says that the church commits a sin whenever she attempts to do it in the only way in which it could be practicable. Perhaps Lord DERRY will allow Dr. How to be e. competent authority on the right or capacity of the church to educate the whole people. This high church doctor, in a letter to the Bishop of St. DAVID a, says • t believe that all religious wets sad parties will combine to resist any state education which is professedly religious ; and I believe th..t it is because statesmen have supposed it nceeesory, in motet to conciliate religions persons, which they hate entirely foiti to do, by talking it their educa tion •Is bawd upon religion, that the strong opposition to state Nlueation has been ezeited. Wo recommend this passege strongly to the "'limn consideration of Lord I)►aar, as it will en able him to judge of the probable effect of his clap trap appeal to the church. Statesmen have hitherto nets; ely failed in such appeals! Again the rye. doctor says: • - • • • The mina is eoto croioded which wee prevailed that the chunk of Ragland has an exclusive claim to pecut.iary support on the ground of its being the establishment. The chunk endowed and protected was once the church of the whole nation: it was corrupted in the middle ages: it was I reformed it remains mosg us to this day one of the great oorpor.itions of the land. But it ceased to be the religion of the whole nation when, many dimenfing from it. a full toleration of all denominations of Christianity was granted. • • • • • • • • • And if the church of England claims an exelusive right •se the education of the people, it bermes der duty to seek .;egupply the deficiency of the funds required, by appro priating her property to this purpose. Our bishops are, on this principle, bound to go down to **House of Lords and seek powers from the legisiatare to sell their estates, and their example should be followed by the more opulent of the inferior clergy It would be better fur the church to Lave a pauperised hien:thy than an uneducated people. but though I shriek not from declaring what must be, and ought to be, the consequence of asserting the principle that the education of the people, secular as well as religious, belongs to the church, I admit that such a measure is not to he required, teeny.e tke country will nut accept the edoeatton of the door/ I, and for the religious education of those who will receive education at our hands, we have at present sufficient funds, though they are insufficient for that which if is useless for the chore* to attempt—the general education of the people. Lord flume must remember that these are not the words of radical reformers; they proceed from the pen of one of the highest of high churchmen—a man who has no superiors in the zeal, activity, and irate ligence with which he has laboured fur the cause of the establishment. Here, then, we have the head of the government confessedly far behind an Anglo-catholic in liberality of sentiment with respect to education. What pros pect is there for the future settlement of those large questions which are now agitating the public, when be who is to guide the vessel of the state can see no better plan than either leaving it to the mercy of the winds and tides, or calling in the aid of officers who have long ago confessed their incompetency ? Lord Deese has surely heard of a place called Lancashire. Is he aware that in that plum the question of education, which he so complacently leaves in the hands of the clergy, has been the sub ject of deep and earnest agitation for some years? Is he aware that although the most distinguished of the inhabitants, both for their piety and iutelligence, have laboured with an eagerness proportionate to the importance of the object to be attained, their en deavours have been so far from coming to a successful termination that they have resulted in the establish ment of three rival plans, each numbering a large body of influential supporters ? Is he aware that each of theme plans distinctly recognises the truth which Dr. Hoot enunciates, that to the present day the church eamot educate the people? Does he know that one of these plans is the subject of a bill before the House of Commons, and that it has the sanction of the bishop, the den, and a large body of the clergy of Maneheeter ? Does he know that in this last plan, which is most favourable to the claims of the church, it is distinctly stated, that " Schools are to be provided, in which no distinctive religious creed or formulary is to be taught, and in none of the schools are any of the children to be compelled to learn a creed or formulary to which their parents or lawful guirdian may object" Has be esse um sidered what the ciicumatances of the times must he when honest and religious men, anxious he the wel fare of the rising generation, alter of thought, consultation, and experiment, can dad no ether way out of the dif fi culty than a compromise of this nature ? If he has not, he has no %einem is speak on the question of education at all. It he lea the pretended solution that he puts forward cunviets hint of incompetency or dishonest congealment. The late ministry wasestly sendemnad became it was not on a level wit h the rinjuireseents of the age. It would not go forward. Thiewasbmienough, but what are we to say of the present ministers, who are not only not going forward, bat are backing through had roads into the miserabie poeition out ' of which we emerged after half a century of intense struggle and toil' The PREMIER is the Ltoatias Atimpame of the ministry. He eta call out nothing but " Prodigious!" and fortify himself against attacks with the polemical lumber of ancient dsys. The church has lee. Aar ceased to he co-extensive with the relighting's**. lions of the whole nation, and the legialsitme has wisely recognised this as a great fact which than was no gainsaying. What are the Pitt:glee% thoughts un the subject it would be impossible to le henna.. What he says. however, is enough to jus tify us in the inference that he consider,' the church. which is not inefficient for the religious training, is quite sufficient for the education of the nation. The frii nds of cOmeation will thus be left unaided by the Flue to fight the bottle with their opponents. The old confret will have to he fought out again. There is no fear of the result, but there is great Aar that it w ill be delayed, and the delay will be owing to the Cstr Omits of the protectionists, who, not content with pinching the bellies of his countrymen. , .is by an indirect proem doing all that ho can t• stunt their minds. The Jersey Time,' states that n Frenchman is I about to be appointed French VieeeCoaeu: be the Cheat:al blade, sad is to reside is Jassy. FRANCE. PARIS, SATURDAY EVINIING. The decree upon establishments of credit fonder appears in the Meadow of today. In orate clearly to explain the nature of this measure I must premise that pr . oprilti , fanciers corresponds exactly to our expression " real property." The object of the pre sent decree is to relieve both the lender and burrower on this description of property from their actual embarrassments, and place them as nearly as possible upon the same footing as persons engaged in COM acre* and banks. If a tradesman wants money he gets his bill discounted by a banker, who is enabled, through the negotiation of the bill, to replace the fonds which ho advances ; while the saleable nature of the property which ultimately guarantees the payment of the sum repre sented by the bill, tends greatly to facilitate credit of this kind. lint this is not the case with the credit which is founded on real property. The capitalist who lends upon the latter security buries his money for six or eight years as the cue may be, for in France mortgagmortgag e. aro rarely created for a longer i term, and theinterest demanded is of course in proportion to the inconvenience suffered. On the I other hand, the proprietor of the house or field who borrows the money lays it out in im proving his house, or rendering his field more productiNe. Thus the money disap pears, and its fruit in increased rent or harvest must be waited for by both borrower and lender. Now, the object of the present decree is to do away with the inconvenience suffered by the capitalist, by creating a representation of the capital lent in the shape of !titres de gage, which are at any moment convertible into specie, and represent precisely in sciatica to real property the same thing as bank notes in relation to commercial property. The in convenience to the capitalist of lying out of his money being thus removed, money may of course be procured by the owner of real property upon easier terms; and those who are now the victims of usury will be able to consolidate and pay otf their oppressive mortgages by loans for which they will pay 3 per cent. interest to the esta blishments of credit .fancier, and 2 per cent. as a sinking fund. I ought to add that these establish ments are to be private. Having premised thus much with regard to the general tenor of the law, which corresponds very nearly with the institutions for a similar object in Prussia, I proceed to give the chief features of this decree. Societies of credit Ander may be authorised by the President, after consulting the Council of State. These societies shall issue lettres de gage, a kind of banknotes, which in stead of being guaraweed by a deposit of specie, are guaranteed by • first mortgage upon real property of at least double the value. The state, in order to aid these societies, will take kttrea Jr gage for a sum of which the maximum shall be Reed by the law of the budget. The loans can only be made after the formality of the legal clearance of the mortgages.. The borrower pays off his debt by annual instalments. The annual instalment com prises, let, the interest, which cannot exceed 5 per cent.; 2nd, the sum affected to the sinking fund, which cannot exceed 2 per cent., nor fall short of 1 per cent.; 3rd, the expenses of administration deter mined by the statutes. The /dives de gage are to be nominative. or an partear. Those which are no minative are to he transmissible by indorsement. None can be created fur a less sum than 100 fr. They are to beau- interest to be paid off each year in propor tion to the payment of the sums affected to the , sinking fund. Such is the substance of the three first chapters of the decree. The Ist section of the fourth chapter relates to the formalities for clearing off the mortgages. The 2nd section relates to the means of execution. In case of non-payment of an annual instalment, or of deterioration of the property, or of any . other cause indicated in the statutes, and ren &rung the entire capital definitively exactable, the society of credit fancier may place the property on which the loan is secured in sequestration, may administer the same, raise the rents and apply them to the discharge of the annual instalments overdue, or of the expenses, or prosecute the sale thereof. The following articles are relative to the formalities of the sale. The sth and last chapter stipulates the guarantee of the societies by the Ministers of the Interior and Finance, and re serves for the statutes, and reglenerne etadministra tion publigue the provisions of detail. It may be said in conclusion of this measure that in the normal state of affairs it would be at tended with considerable benefit, but in tritium of crisis and convulsion, when property is liable to great and sudden fluctuations of value, the creation of a vast quantity of paper in the shape of leltres de gage will be attended with great risk. Although these represent property of double the value, it may easily happen that the margin of security will shrink sou to ruin those who hold them. The Maison Doriv, on the Boulevards, and the bazaar Bonne- Nouvelle, for instance, were sold lately for less than half their value. The notaries complain greatly of the new decree, which will take a great deal of busi ness out of their hands. The chief difficulty will bo in induce people to invest their money i■ knees de pp, when they can get five per cent. for their alpha in the most convenient and sure of all in neinsets, the public funds, and seven or eight per ant in railway shares. The AsserribVe expresses anxiety at the immense ilskifitiss incurred by the state in the recent railway ansessiank and fears that tho creation of so many tales three is more than the market can support and Void to a financial crisis state of the Bank of France, as shown by the returns for several weeks past, attracts much atten tion. Its unproductive capital accumulates to an enormous extent, while its discount business died niahes in almost an equal proportion. Last week shows a diminution of upwards of three millions of francs in the amount of bills discounted. The feel ing is general that the bank has become nearly use less for the purpose for which it was instituted, namely, to give assistance to commerce. Bigoted as the directors are to their accustomed routine, they cannot shut their eyes to the fact that their system has created a rival establishment, the " Comptoir " of discount, which is beating them out of the money market. This establishment gives from 2 to 3 per cent. interest on deposits, and dis counts at 3 and 31; while the Bank allows no inte rest on deposits, and has hitherto rigidly adhered to its minimum of 4 percent. for discounts. Accordingly the "Comptoir" at this moment holds a larger amount of commercial paper than the Bank. It is positively stated that the Council of the Bank on Thursday seriously discussed the question of reducing their minimum to 3 per cent. No decision was come to; but in the actual state of things the Bank can hardly recede from a reduction. An example has already been set at Havre, which will have a great effect. The Havre National Discount Beak intends to modify its rate of discount from the Ist March. It will reduce its rate to 4 per cent., and 1-18th commission on all hills on Havre from 6 to 103 days date, on Paris from b to 90 days, and on towns where the Bank of France has branch establishments, from 12 to 90 days. But the reduction of its discount alone will not suffice to draw business to the Bank of Frans* upon a large wale. The practical operation el ills rule of requiring three signatures to a bill is, Ant solvent tradesmen ate often driven to pay 8 and 10 per cent for money, from inability to comply with the severe conditions of the bank. The " Comptoir" is satisfied with two signatures. 100 prisoners from Biignolles arrived at Toulon on the 20111, and were taken to Fort Lamalgue. General Mersa, commanding the state of siege at Avignon, has closed the '•cerele" of the Amis do l'Ordre. M. Canteloup, the barrister of Auch, who was set I at liberty at the beginning of the month, has been again arm steeL The President has been slightly indisposed during the last two days, and has nut left the Elysi.e. He has been suffering from an attack of rheumatism. It is said this evening that he is better. .1t the Bourse the Five per Cents. rose 15c., and closed at 103.70; the Three per Cents rose 25c., closing at 65.65. Bank of France shares fell 2.50. Railways were firm, with a small rise in many instances. A Boulogne correspondent writes:—" Boulogne, Feb. 29.—You could not imagine there was any election going on in liou:ogne, so quiet is everything. The government candidate will he returned." Bux DAT EVININO. This being the day appointed ts• tho election of deputies to the o,rps Leguilat if, the polls have opened in the nine different electoral districts of THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, MARCH 1, 1852. Pariswithtbsosnal formalities. Notwithstanding the comparatively insignificant r6le attributed tothe sham bag elected by universal suffrage,a good deal of activity is exhibited by the electors; and although for thesis of locel convenience there are sev 1 pollen% tog see time selablished ea& aressiffiesems, the quick succession of esters at all those which I ham visited isliseess that there will be fewer &brawniest§ than was supposed. In fact, it appears that every means his bees taken to intimidate those whointeoded to adopt this sort of passive resistance ; and as it is easy, by means of the fans gone through for the deposit of a vote, to procure a list of these electors who abstain, each voter's name being taken down by a clerk of the bawd as be presents himself before the ballot-box, the mere fact of being exposed to the persecution of a vindictive government by appearing on this black list drives the timorous herd to the polL I am informed that in this way great num bers are voting for or against the government merely through terror. Emissaries of the govern ment are stationed at all the sections, and carry hourly intelligence to the ministries of the Interior and Police as to how many cards have been distributed at the mayories, how many voters have deposited their tickets,and other poin ta on which information is desired. The operation is conducted u on the 21st of De cember, the 30th of November, and previous occa sions under the rAgirue of universal suffrage. But nowhere have I seen any strong military posts. A single sentry of the lino and a serpent de line are all the force put in requisition for the mainte nance of order. Two or three touters, with parcels of tickets bearing the names of the respective candidates, both of the government and the opposition, stand at tho doors of the sections and extend their bulletins to each entering elector. A table covered with a Freon cloth stands at the head of the room, support ing a small box about two feet square, before which the president of the board and h is: asses sors are seated. The elector at the head of the queue, which is formed to prevent confusion, delivers the card which attests his identity to the assignor on the President's left hand, and the folded ticket, which is inscribed with the name of the preferred candidate, to the President himself. The latter holds the ticket over the slit of the ballot box, while the ameseor declares aloud the voter's name and his number on the electoral list of the district. The assessor on the presi dent's right hand writes down the name, and another clerk checks the number, while the president drops the ticket into the box, which is dubbed classically the electoral urn. Nothing can be quieter and more orderly than the manner in which this aim. plc operation is conducted. The polls arc kept' open until six this evening; they re-open at eight to-morrow, and remain open until four in the afternoon. The ballot-boxes are sealed and deposited during the night in a room at the rnayory . of the arrondissement, whose doors arc scaled. The voting operation over, the board break the seals of the ballot-boxes, and count the tieketseorresponding to each name. 'fo be proclaimed a deputy, at once without farther formality, a candidate must have ob tained at least ono vote more than the half of those given, and one fourth of those incribed on the elec toral list. If these conditions are not fulfilltd a se cond ballot will take place next Sunday week, in which it will suffice to obtain simply a relative ma jority in order to be elected, whatever be the num ber of voters. Up to this hour, the only district in which the opposition are likely to obtain a victory is the 3rd, iu which General Cavaignac has obtained a great number of votes. If he should be elected, I under stand that he will formally refuse to take the oath of fidelity to the President. A good number have voted for General Lamorichlre in the 9th district. Those are the only facts worth mentioning. The Chnstitutionsel has the fallowing contradic tion of a rumour which has been much accredited : The war of false reports h is been recommeneed within these few days. You will meet people who affirm in the most serious way in the world that government it about to decree a progressive ineome-tea. We can affirm that this new rumour, spread by malevolence, is destitute of an kind of foundation. The grnventsnent abhors a tax which gßnm at the head of all socialist programmer, and which leads directly to "spoliation." It is to be observed that the above is not a COPIIMU nigra, but rests only upon the responsibility of the editor of the government journal. Hence little im portance is attached to the declaration, which is re garded merely as an electoral manteuvre. Tho rivalry which has subsisted fur some time between M. do Persigny and M. do Nlaupas seems unabated; but if I may trust the information I re ceive, the influence of the former over tho Presi dent has been greatly abated by his lusita tiou and scruples in the face of public opinion, and the Minister of Police is decidedly in the asceuu ant. Louis Napoleon seems more and more to shut himself; as far as the haute pohtique is concerned, into the narrow circle of this second Fouche and his head myrmidons, the inspectors-ge neral. Notwithstanding the announcement of the departure of the latter functionaries for their provincial destinations, it is noted that several, and rticularly M. Berard, the inspector-general at lions, still remain in Paris, and are continually at the yrke. The importance of M. Berard's post having been greatly increased by the capital of the Rhone becoming the pivot of the projected operations against Switzerland, the assiduous presence of this gentleman at head quarters indicates the activity with which such designs are pursued. I understand that he is one of the most ardent adherents of M. de Maupas, and proportionately opposed to M. de Persigny, whom he loses no opportunity of lowering in the opinion of the President as a minister incapable of grappling with great plans. A number of political prisoners were brought out of the 'Montpellier prison on Feb. 26, and escorted by a numerous body to the Cette Railway. They are to be embarked on board the Dauphin, together with others from Bezeirs, Pezenas, and St. Pierre, for trans portation to Algeria. On the 27th 350 convicts were shipped at Rochefort for Brest, of whom 230 are to re main in hulks, and the remaining 120 to be trans ported to Cayenne. M. Enter, the English vice-consul at Lorient, committed suicide at Concarneau, on the 22nd inst., by shooting himself in the head with a pistol. The Assemblie Nationale contains an article by M. Salvandy, arguing that the fusion" is the only thing to be looked forward to as the salvation of the coun try. The only importance of the article, which is long and dull, consists in the authorship of the former minister of Louis Philippe. ITALY. ROMAN STATES. ROME, Fss. 21. Cardinal Ant. Francesco Orioli, Prefect of the Holy Congregation of Bishops and Regulars, died yesterday. M. Figueredo, Charge d'Affaires of the Brazils, sr rived on Tuesday from Leghorn. GERMANY. VIENNA, Vas. 24. The news of Lord John Russell's resignation reached Vienna on the 22nd, and is published this morning in the papers. 'fho favourite theme of them all is of course Lord Derby, and we are furnished with some very curious details respecting the pro tectionist chief. One newspaper tells its rea de rs that " Earl lkrhy is son of the late minister Stanley." Another says that " Stanley having been just ap pointed paid attaché at Constantinople," there was at first momo difficulty, &c. The Lloyd contents itself with stating, in a quiet matter-of-lact way, that Lord Derby "belongs to one of the few ancient families in England who were in existence during the Wars of the Roses." This is naturally, according to Au strian opinions, the best of all qualifications for go verning England. Of his political opinions, there fore, they say nothing. England has at last learned to re►pect herself: she has gii en the reins of power into the hands of a nobleman who con mate with the "Howard., Cecile, Talbota, and C ;vendisbes ;" and, perhaps, if she goes on in the same way, Austria may some day or other hold out one or two fingers of the hand of reconciliation ; that is, of course, however, only in a good humoured patronising way, which is all we can expect ; for what are the M are of the Roses to those of Radebot, son of Kauseline, whose descendant, Werner, built the castle of Hapsburg on an "eminence above IVindisch," and became the founder of the present Austrian dynasty ? What was the first Stanley to the first Schwarzenbcrg, who may have broken heads side by side with Duke, Etkico aod feasted with Ountram the Web P There is no beating about the bush here; this is the way the Austriaas reason on political questions, and they woad pity you profane people in England if yen were to lath at them. BERLIN, Fes. 25. The new bill fee the organisation of municipal communities has been brought into the first chamber. The government has determined not to comprehend the whole numarehy in one system, but to propose different arrangements for different parts. The law of March, 1860, subject to such amendments as may be agreed to, is to be retained for the towos,except in the Rhenish provinces, the Isle of Itueger, and New Pomerania,_ which are to retain their ancient char ters. M. Von Gerlach's attempt to get rid of the constitutional charter by a side blow has not quite succeeded. Ile has frequently maintained that the charter is, in his eyes, a law like any other, neither more nor less; the constitution, he said, consisted in the whole bode of existing laws, and every new act of legislation • had for its object to contradict and abrogate legal provisions hitherto existing, and thereby to alter the constitution. A charter was not essential to a constitution, as the case of England proved, which had no charter, no other consti tution than its body of laws and usages. Ills colleague, Professor Stahl, however, could not strain his jurisprudential conscience to this length ; he re gretted that Prussia had a charter, a pragmatical col lection of prescriptions precluding the free action of legislation ; but he could ignore neither its existence nor its stringency. As a lawyer he must give his opinion, that laws contrary to the charter must not be passed. In consequence of this declaration from such a quarter, the Minister, who was inclined to adept M. Von. GerLsch's views, was obliged to con sent that a committee be charged with proposing such alterations in the charter as may be rendered neces sary for the passing of the new laws to be substi tuted for that of March, 18,50, which the Minister of the interior characterised as " a law hastily given under the influence of preceding commotions, and dictated rather by constitutional theory, than by a just perception of the wants of the country." RUSSIA. The Journal de St. Petersburg contains an account of an expedition made into Cireassia by Major• Gen eral Prince Bariatinsky. The Russian commander had 11 battalions of infantry and 4 squadrons of horse, besides WO Cossacks and 24 guns. The attack was made in Grand Tchetchina, near Antour, on the nth of January. The bravery of the Russian troops, it appears, was of the most distinguished character. fichamyl, at the head of his valiant troops, charging again and a.iain, sword in hand, was completely routed. After destroying great stores of maize and hay, tho expeditionary corps returned, having had only one man killed and 24 wounded. This severe chastisement of Sehamyl, it was hoped, would break his influence with the rebels, and scatter terror through the mountains. MALTA, Fan. 18. The French steamer Nil, expected four days seine from Alexandria, has been rendered unfit for imme diate service by an accident, and the Osiris in her stead has arrived to-day. Superb will sail, it is said, on Saturday for Eng land. Phaetonis under orders to proceed to Corfu to re lieve the Indefatigable, ordered to the Channel squadron. I have just been informed that the Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamer Iladdington, between Suez and Bombay, with the outward India mail, has broken down. If possible, further particulars will be expressed to the company from Marseilles that a remedy may be supplied. AMERICA. ARRIVAL OF TILE EUROPA. The arrival of the Royal Mail steamer Europa, Capt. Lott, at Liverpool, yesterday, at 2 p.m., has put us in possession of news from the United States eight (lays later than previon-ly. The Europa left Boston on the 18th inst., at noon, and brings dates from New York of the evening of the previous day, and Ilalifax of thu 20th, Sho had about 30 passen gers and 208,000 duls. specie on freight. The United States steamer Pacific, Capt. Nye, arrived at New York on the 12th inst., having left here on the 28th ult., and the Royal Mail steamer Canada, Capt. Ilarrison, on the morning of the 18th, the Pacific having made relatively the best passage. Yesterday evening the Europa met the Asia, for I New York, off the Irish coast, she having started from Liverpool at noon, with nearly 100 passengers. The proceedings in Congress are quite unimpart ent to European readers. On the 14th inst. John Fienne Crampton, Esq., presented to the President of the United States, the letter of recall of Sir Henry L. Bulwer, and his own credentials as envoy extrordinary and minister ple nipotentiary of her Britannic Majesty to this govern ment. Kossuth was at Cincinnati on the 14th; he ad dressed the Hungarian Fund Association this even ing, at Smith and Nixon's Hall. One thousand per sons were present, and many offered high prices for admission, but the numbers were limited. lie made no set speech, but promised to be no next week, when it is expected he will address all the friends of Hun gary, at the Hamilton Railroad depot. It is understood that the banquet is to come off, and that Kossuth will be present to make a few re marks at least. It is stated that Mr. Barrenger, the American minister at tho court of Madrid, by his earnest ap plication, obtained the release of the Cuban prisoners before any instructions from his government relating to them reached him. So, also, the pardon and re lease of Mr. Thrasher were obtained by Mr. Barren ger before ho received a line from Mr. Webster on the subject, and before the arrival of the special bearer of despatches relating to it from the United States. Mr. Thrasher was expected home shortly. The Ilerald says: We are sorry to hear that the German population of Mo bile took occasion to publicly iusult Chevalier Hulsemsnn, the Austrian charge, on his recent passage through that city, en ►oute to Hosanna's. However unpopular a foreign representative m►y make himself, our citizens should never so far forget their own dignity and self-respect as to per sonally insult him. The disgrace bmulht upon the whole country by the proceedings of a few lawless rioters against the Spanish couasul at New Orleans should not have been so soon forgotten. The intelligence from California is nearly three weeks later than before. The steam-ships California and Golden Gate had arrived at Panama from San Francisco, the latter in 12 days 18 hours, including 18 hours detention at Acapulco. She sailed from San Francisco January 21, arriving at Panama February 3. The El Dorado left Chagres February 5, and Jamaica February 9. A number of gentlemen started fmtn Panama im mediately on their arrival in the Golden Gate and arrived on board the El Dorado off Chagres in ex actly 14 days from San Francisco, including all stoppagmt. The United States troops who created so much disorder at Kingston had been prevented from land ing at Chagres. The El Dorado arrived at New York February 16, at 5 p.m. Running time, including crossing the Isthmus, 23{ days. This is the quickest time yet made between the two ports. The El Dorado has experienced very heavy weather coming on the coast, as also in crossing the Carribbean Sea. The rains on the Isthmus have ceased, and the Gorgon,. road is in first-rate order. Fare up the ricr in small boats, 4 dole, or 5 dots. The Isthmus is remarkably healthy. The passengers at Panama were leaving rapidly in sailing vessels, being obliged to pay fall prices. All persons holding tickets in the Pacific Mail Company's ships, were sent forward without any delay. Steamer tickets were selling a: quite an advance, the company having steamer, ssfticient to forward all holding through tickets from them. Colonel Fremont's title to the Mariposa tract of country had been resisted. Salt provisions were selling at very high rates for ▪ stores, ten barrels of beef having been sold at 1,000 dole. We take the following items from the summary of the &ening l'icayune of Jan. 20 : Dr. 0. M. Wosencraft, U. S., Indian commissioner, has jest returned from the southern country, having conclude,l a treaty with the Cahuilla, Pablo, Caliente', end San Luis Key Indians, which stipulates that, In consideration of presents of iron, cattle, clothing, &c., and the setting off to them of a tract of land, forty miles long by thirty miles wide, connseseiag at Tameamis, sod nosing north to Bea Gargoyles; aorthesist te tfre MIL perianths' nomateins ; theses s wath-east to the Desert; thane along the line of the Desert to Warner's mein ' and theses south. we to Tuneculo, they will for ever remain at with the United State. The commissioner promietd that he would endeavors to purchase Temecula be them. • portion of the commission for surveying the boandsry between Meeks, and the V. S. territories, have arrived at has Diego. The party arrived am from the Gila surveying expeditiets, under Mr. linty. The survey of the Oita we commenced in the latter part of October, under the most unfavourable aspires, and prosecuted for about 350 miles, and we only abandoned at the last moment, when the party had no alternative butetervation. The survey was abandoned about 60 miles abuse the confluence of the Oils and Colorado. The weather has been extremely mild and beautiful during the last fiftern days. There lies been bat little rain in any part of the State from which we have advisee, and I the miners are again suffering from the want of water. At pretest there is but littlu prospect of a further fall of rain. A Settlers' and Miners' Convention assembled in Sacra mento on Wednesday la.t. On Thursday, a aeries of rem lutions was adopted, setting forth the claim that the public domain should be donated to actual settlers, in parcels of 160 acres; that, in the settlement of private land claims, "it is the duty of government to giro no more vitality to any eoncessicia or grant than it already possesses," under the Mexican law, and that on latitude should be given in the confirmation of such grants; that the Board of Land Corn miuions should not receive the former customs of California as evidence in the settlement of titles; that the swamp and tale lands should, in no instance, be granted in large quan tities; that, in regard to city end town lots, actual occupants should have the right to purchase at nominal rates. The eleventh r. solution recommends a general convention of miners for the purpose of drafting laws to protect the miuiug interests, iitc. In re ference to the mines, the twelfth resolution sets forth as general principles, that priority of claim should be uniformly respected; that, in quartz min ing, claims should nut exceed one hundred and fifty feet in the direction of the ledge, double claims being allowed to discoverers; that, in damming end flaming, no prior com pany shall back water upon the claim of smother for more than ono season, and not at all if the subsequent company will conduct the water into the flume or race of the first ; that the extent of claims being gore reed by their richness and accessibility, no system of laws can be made uniformly up prelble in all districts. Oregon advice' to the 9th inst. give no information of the final adjournment of the five members of the legislature who recognise Oregon city ea the seat of government. In San Francisco the police force has been re-organised. It now consists of thirty. two men, each receiving 150 dole per month, and a captain and assistant-captain, who each each receive 200 dole per mouth ; so that the expense of this department will scarcely exceed 5,000 dole per month. George W. Queerly is captaiu, and ilanipton North assist ant. Special policemen are employed by several of our heavy property holder., and are maintained at their ex pense, but clothed with authority by the mayor and marshal of the city. The news from Central America is interesting. There has been a terrible tire in San Juan do Nica ragua, destroying a third of tho town. There had also been another revolution in Nicaragua. When will there be any stability in the Central and South American states ? The supreme government of tho state of Honduras had issued a decree relative to the occupation of the Rio Romano by Sir James Green, in her Majesty's ship Bermuda. The decree declares such proceedings outrageous and unlawful, and authorised the punish ment of the agg..essora. Advice. from Mexico are to the 24th ult. The only intelligence of any consequence is that relative to the severe gale of the 13th at Vera Cruz. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE., NEW YORK, Faa. 16. The steam-ship El Dorado arrived this afternoon from Chagres, with 1,092,718 doh. in gold on freight. As the El Dorado did not arrive until after business hours, her news had no effect upon the money market. Sterling i exchange was in good demand in the early part of the day, and large sales were made at 110 to 1101; bills on l'aris sold et 6 doh. 161 e. to 5 dolt 15c.; Amsterdam, 414 to 411; Hamburg, 361 to 361 ; Bremen, 781 to 781. Ihe stock market was heavy this morning; nothing was done in government securities; state stocks were equally imictive. A few Virginia Bonds sold at I advance, whilst Eric It de- Canal lined 1, Harlem 1, Heading 1, Erie '7l Bonds 1, Morris b. We are sorry to be obliged to announce another suspen• sion, Messrs. Carleton and Co., one of our largest silk bowies, was obliged to suspend payment to-dsy. Their lia bilities are about 700,000 dots., and they show a surplus of 140,000 dole. assets. Immediate cash relief was needed, which could not be had upon terms which would be sub ' mined to. CurroN.—Sinee our last review of the 11th inst., per Niagara, the sales have amounted to 15,300 bales. The favourable advice, per Pacific, received 12th inst., produced no effect, being counteracted by the advance in freight from Id. to Id., the latter rate being paid to day for a full cargo. Prices therefore remain the same at this point as last quoted. At New Orleans the market has advanced Ic " middling" being quoted at 7le. to 71c. on the 14th, with sale.. of 10,000 bales; freight, Id. As orders can be exe cuted there on better terms than here at the moment, owing to low freights, much bu.iress has passed by us. On the subject of crop, we have nothing sew to advise. We adhere to our original opinion, namely, that 2,700,000 bales have been grown, but that the quantity that will reach the ports will depend upon the prices ruling. At or under Sc. at New Orleans, we doubt whether the total receipts will exceed 2,500,000 bales. We are informed that estimates generally at New Orleans are now reduced to 2,600,000 bales. NTLICT uTzarooL CLANUFICATION. ~a~ (hle~e~ Atlantic and Mobile. Mutt Pots. Ont. to good ord 7 9 to ;9 71 to 7 1 7 1 $ 9 7 1 Loworld.tooood mkt to ... I to ... to Mid, Isle to Mir 9l to tt4 9to 91 ... Mitt° gooddo Ol to— Loch, &c.—The market is firm for all descriptions of Hour. Common State is held at dolt. ; Ohio, 5 doh. to 5 dots. 61c.; Michigan Indiana , & c., 4 doh. 94c. to 5 dol.. 25e. ; Canadian flour, 11 dole. ; iney Gencssee, 5 dolt. 121 c.; vitro ditto, 5 doh. 'Lie. to 6 dolt. 871 c. . • common southern, 1 4 dots. 91e. to 5 Jul,. 121 c. ; earn meal, 3 doh. 374 e.; fur 1 New Jersey, rye-Hour, 3 doh. 60e. to 3 doh. 62 ; buck wheat, 4 dots. 621 e. to .5 dolt. 4,000 bushels southern wheat sold at 1 dol. 10c., 3 mos.; southern white, 1 del. 20c. ; 2,500 bushels southern red at 1 dol. 13e., and 5,000 bushels of Genesee. at 1 dol. 20c. rItOVIVIONS.—ThI: market is firm for pork, with sales of l new Mali at lsllols. 74c. ' sod of old, at 15 doll. 50e. ; old prime, 13 dole . 621 c. to 13 duls. 75c ; new ditto, I t doll. Idle. Pickled moats are steady. Saes of shoulders were male at Gic. to Zr. Hants in tierces, 9c. Lard is dull, and may WI quoted at 9c. to 91c. Cheeso is in fair request, and prices rano from 64e. to 71e. State better brings lb t, 20c. Orange County, 23c. to 25e. ; Ohio, 121 c. to 15e. NAVAL Sronza.—Hough turpentine is firm, at 3 dol.. 6,1 e. Spirits sold to-day at 43e. to 4 4c., cash. White rosin may be quoted it 2 dol.+. to 3 dole . 7 5c. ; common ditto, 1 dol. Zoe. to 1 dol. 30e. Asinta.—The market is steady ; pots, 5 dole., and pearls, 6 dots. to G dole. 12fc. FRIBIGIVIII to Liverpool are active. A vessel fitted to day with cotton, at id.; other lots were engaged by bs dif ferent vessels at the same rate ; grain, 01.-sd. is now asked; Flour, Is. 6d. To London there is little more offer ing, and it is difficult to ship at the following rates:— Tobacco, per hhd., 255. ; flour, per bbl., Is. 6d.; turpentine, per 2801bc, Is. Gd. ; measurement goods, per ton, 251. to ; heavy goods, oil, &c., lbs. to 20s. ; cheese, 304. ; beef, per tierce, 31. 6d. to es. To Havre—Cotton, square bales, per lb., ie.; ashes, per ton, 6 dots. to 7 dole. ; nee, 8 dole.; quvrcitron bark, 8 dub.; measurement goods, 1 deli..; whalebone, &c., per lb., le. (LATEST BY TELEGRAPH.) The following cotton statement from New York to the 18th inst., was received by electric telegraph at Halifax on the 19th: Receipts, 1852, 1,663,565 bales; ditto, 1851, 1,446,434 bales ; increase, 117,131 bales. lteceipts to Great Britain, 1852, 62.5,820 bales; ditto, 1851, 442,155 baler; increase, 83,665 bales. Total exports to foreign ports, 1851, 826,718 bales ; ditto, 1851, 733,961 bides ; increase, 92,764 bales. Stocks on hand and on shipboard, 1652, 633,731 bales; ditto, 1861, 6521,256 bales; decrease, 121,525 bales. NEW ORLEANS, FSB. 14. Cotton is quoted to-day at 71c. to Tic. for middling, and 810. for fair. CANADA. Oar correspondent writes: TORONTO. Fu. 13. A despatch from Earl Grey on the subject of the Halifax and Quebec Railroad has thrown Canada and the sister provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia into a state of commotion, and I think the effect will be to break up the great inter-colonial scheme for the construction, with the aid of the imperial guarantee, of the railway above named. Either Earl Grey has broken his promise in the matter, or Mr. Howe has wofully misunderstood him. and the provinces, u may be naturally supposed, are wrath at both. • The principal p3litic il topic in Canada is the acceptance by Mr. M. Cameron of the presidency of the council. Ilis conduct is being severely scanned in relation to it by the opposition press, and as warmly defended by the ministe rial. It is proposed to attach a bureau of agriculture to this office. . . . The report of the St. LlMTellet and Atlantic Railroad Cotnn shows that the railway to connect Montreal with Portland on the Atlantic ocean le in a very forward con dition. The intelligence from England of the rise in the price of flour has caused the price of wheat to go up in Canasta from 2s. fel. and 2s. 9d. is 3s. CO. and 31. ltd. per bushel. There have been operations ut both of these latter prices. / believe that the tanners hold a grs - at deal of wheat which they have nut brought Into market, in consequence of the lowness of the price ; and they find it difficult to do so now, as the winter roads are hrealsin; up, and we have neither good sledging nor good roads for whtels.,l vadat,. WEST INDIES. By the arrival at New York on the 10th inst. of the steamer United States, from Chogres, vie Kings ton, we have advice' from Kingston to the 10th inst. The Kingston files contain no news of importance. The small pox and cholera still linger in parts of the Wand; but the mortality has been on the decrease. The legislature were discussing the propriety of Leming exchequer bill, to tho amount of 6,0001, to defray the expenses incurred by parishes an ac count of the epidemics. The business prospects of the island for the current year are not very flat tering ; and in view of a limited agricultural product, the Journal is discussing the expediency of the home government encouraging and raising of large crops of sugar for domestic consumption in Great Britain. Tho Journal says the homo government denies to the island the ad , antages of cheap labour by slaves, but does not hesitate to purchase, in pre ference, the slave-grown sugar of other countries. The ship United States arrived at Chsgres about the and inst., and Kingston on the 9th. It was epeeted she would sail the same night for Now York. Sho reported the arrival of the Georgia at Charges, on the oth inst., with 1,304) passengers. INDIA. (HT ELLCTRIC TEM:RU.IO TRIESTE, F. 20. The Alexandrian steamer arrived n. the 2nth inst. We leai n from Bombay, under date of the :td of February, that a second Burmese war had com menced. The new Viceroy arrived at Rangoon on the 4th of January. lie had refused to receive any depute tations front the Itritish Commander, had for bidden communication between the shore and the vessels, insulted the British Hag, and erected bat teries and stockades below the tuwn to prevent tho departure of any of the vessels lying there. Tho Commodore proclaimed a blockade of the mouths of the Irowaddy. On the 9th the Viceroy wrote to the Commodore to allow the passage of the river, or he would set fire to the batteries mentioned. The steamers Fox and lfcrmes were attacked by the batteries in passing. 'lhey replied to the fire, destroyed the fortification s , and killed nearly 300 persons. Imports weak; exports the same as at our last advice'. Government Five per Cents., 105 r.; Debt, Four per Cent., 94 1 ,r. Exchange on London, at Nix months' sight, 2s. Freights to Louden, 2/. ss. to 2/. 10.. per tun ditto, to Lherpool, 2/. 7s. od. per ton. LORD DERBY AND lIIS POLICY. (Vents the Daily Nears.) Lord DERRY thinks the existing constitution of the House of Commons adequate for its purpose. and satisfactory on the whole in its working. lk is, therefore, prepared to resist all substantial change, whether in the suffrage or in the distribution of re presentative power. No doubt the present system does work well fur those who form the oligarchy or who profit by its preservation. The House of Commons is in the main a house of landlords, and is conse quently but too much disposed to listen to the sug gestion of a policy that promises to maintain the ex isting privileges of the landed class, and to restore to them such as they have lost. Lord DERBY well knows that no material alteration could be made in the representative institutions of the country, in the sense in which reform is demanded, that would not tend necessarily and directly to abridge this prepon derating. influence, and to render hope less the schemes of reaction which at the moment of their return to office the tory 'arty led by Lord DentlY cannot con ceal. They arm wiser truly in their generation than their rivals. They see and feel that on tho question of reform every other necessarily depends. They believe that with the present imperfect and unprotected fran chises, the nation has no security for cheap and abundant food ; and they boldly avow that they will therefore oppose all attempts to modify them. Had this momentous truth been timely discerned by their whig predecessors, or, when * discovered, frankly , acknowledged and vigorously dealt with—the bread of millions would not now be in jeopardy—the menaced re-imposition of import duties most all tho necessaries of life would never have been heard from the lips of a prime minister. Lord Dense would fain postpone hie desperate attempt until next session. He asks tin. time to coa -1 solidate his strength and to mature his measures. But he avows the object he has in view. Ile desires to impose on every article of consumption that is imported from abroad an ad colorer,. duty of 10 per cent.,—corn, as he expressly declared, being no excep tion, and sugar being inferentially included in the sweeping rule. Lord 1)e one affects in this to rely upon the example of the United States, a portion of whose revenue is raised by a general tax on imported articles of all descriptions. But tho parallel is utterly preposterous in every aspect. The prime necessaries of life in America, bread of all kinds, meat of all kinds, with the various minor elements of national subsistence, are not only not taxed 10 per cent., but are not taxed at all. Manu factured goods, articles of luxury, and foreign pro duce, pay the ad valorem duty in question. But where is the similatity between the fiscal system of our American kinsfolk and that which our landlord rulers would fain establish here? The working man in the United States, where wages are notoriously higher than with us, buys nearly all that hie family requires for food at a price in which not a farthing Is charged on account of taxation ; but for some por tions of their clothing he pays, towards the mainte nance of the commonwealth, one penny more in every ten. Lord DERBY Says, let us do the same; and when we come to ask what he means by the same, he coolly hints that he means one penny out of every ten that the working man spends on bread, meat, 'agar, lard, cheese, butter, cotton, and so on,—in short, upon nearly the whole of his frugal expenditure. Disguise in point of fact is absurd. The drift and upshot of the protectionists as a party is—pro tection. Put ten per cent. on foreign corn for reve nue and you add ten per cent. to the price of all home-grown corn for rent. This is the end and aim they have had in view during live years of equivo cating opposition ; this is their paramount object now that by the weakness and division of liberals they have unexpectedly stumbled into office. Taxes upon property and upon luxuries are to be remitted or reduced by the new CHANCELLOR of the Excite- QUER, and in lieu thereof this indiscriminate impost of :en per cent. is to be laid on all the comforts and necessaries of the poor man's life. The idea is the old one of landlord extortion,—stupid, shameless, and blind. Announced in the same Invade with that of resistance to all electoral reform, it stands un rivalled for effrontery in aristocratic annals. It in sults the intelligence of the nation by its barefaced sophistry, and trifles wish the national patience by the proposition of indefinite postponement. Lord DERBY tells us that every contract for land, every mercantile adventure, every permanent investment in either agriculture or trade, will be largely affected by his threatened revolution in finance : yet he asks the country to go to sleep for a period not named, —perhaps not known even to himself and his col leagues,—with the off-hand assurance that when he is prepared we shall be called up for judgment. We are glad to see that not a moment was lost in meeting this manifesto as it deserves. In the House of Commons notice was given by Mr. VILLIER4 that, on the earliest possible day, he would move that the house is determined to maintain inviolate the settlement, by Sir 'Want' PEEL., of the corn ques tion in 18-16. Immediately after, Mr. HUME rose and gave notice that, on the 2:ith March, lie would bring forward his annual motion in favour of a rate paying suffrage and vote by ballot. To-morrow large meetings are to be held in London and in Manchester on reform and on five trade—both avowedly in danger at the hands of the present tory ministry. The serious wiped of affairs renders tho ' decision of to mei ropolie and of Lancashire oil these questions highly important to the well-being and r future political action of the liberal party. How long tire Lord Itc:tity's minority- to hold the reins of power ? That is the point to be settleeL Mn. To %YARD'S LATE APPOINTMENT.—A morning cotempor try states that the announcement, quoted in out c o lumn. of Sstunloy, from the .Itlienerum, Is not Strictly cor rect. It is true thgt Mr. Laygrol woo pro sae(' by the pre sent administration to retain other temporarily; but, how ever sensible• he might be of the tribute thus paid to his character, he felt that he could not with propriety servo under the pithiest opponents of the government from whom he hall reef ived his appointment, and, therefore, declined tho proffered honour.