The Express. — London, England, 1853-01-26 00:00:00

gilt eVVrtOli• TO CORIMSPON I ,RINTF. • vrvd &Miss of ^ Tb. &peen." veetaialee • .te wee ee . esinfre .fi vett.," V pellkeheil *ear Tends, sad ►t Ailey ell,. et Wee for t.riUselefebtelatemolol fee The tapres." tee See Meeks parr, tke Ileeeerweireet, he Two &Weak . the Ilse tetikvetloa. MOH WATER AT LONDON BAIDOZ. ,ess DAT —Noilluic lb 34a- .....„Altarama. Sk. 1 1$ 1 . 4") borsasow—lhratas, 13 Slia. JJaasaaa. 11. 33a. LONDON. WEDNESDAY, JANUARY M. THE limit, so long the exponent of the East India Company's policy, has at last found out that the double tiovernment of India—first by means of a Court of Directors, and then a Board of Control—is, after all, a very clumsy piece of machinery; and that, despite its many admirers and adherents, it does not in practice work well. With us this is no new opinion. We have for years shown the home govern ment of India to be defective in all those points which make up good administration—responsibility, fitness, promptitude, and purity ; whilst in India the whole system, we have contended, is one which, though reading well on paper, is never verified ; and has resulted in enormous exten sions of territory that have conferred no real strength on our India possessions—in land revenue arrange ments depressive of cultivation and production—in the decay of native gentlemen and courts—and in an expenditure far exceeding revenue. But now that the Dimes, it is more than probable, may have relations of a somewhat intimate character with the Board of Control, it is pleasant and satisfactory to see the light of truth beaming on its columns; where, not long ago the Governor of India was goaded on to absorb the great country of the Deecan, simply because terms had been imposed on the MLitt, which it was, and is, impossible for that Prince to fulfil. Sir CluaLas Woon, whilst Chancellor of the Exchequer, ems to a pretty strong opinion on the obstructive and selfish policy of the Court of Direc tors, in maintaining, against all rhyme and reason, owe of the mail services in their own hands. And sew as President °, the Board of Control he will have further sad better opportunities of pursuing his studies in this direction; and will quickly find out - that there are in the Indian Government many other invitee but patronage-creating services maintained, besides the Indian Navy. And yet there can hardly be a better illustration of how this deleptedgovernmental . system works than in the existence of such a navy. For the protection of India against all external danger and attacks—to &sat in its wars when that is pcmible—to repress piracy on its wants, and to protect its commerce and mer cantile navigation, the English people keep a great naval force in the Indian Bete. But, in addi - won, the Government of India persist in having a small navy of their own, the source of gnat expense ' W its already exhausted treasury, no value in *ass of peace,—and of little worth in case of war. Bei then the Government of India is a semi-inde • pewleet government, and, as it has a great army of • Its own, so it must have a small fleet, whether wanted or not—a fleet being part, as it were, of its regalia, evidence of its distinct and separate existence; and an additional source of patronage and power to the Court at home. The folly and mischief of this no man knows better than Sir CIIMILIS WOOD ; far he found this navy obstructing all his plans for the improvement of the postal service in India. The obstructive principle which he, as Chancellor of the Exchequer, had not the power in that instance to overcome, will now, as President of the Board of Control, meet him in every direction. If be wishes to send Lord DALHOUSIZ instructions of a political cha racter, he can only do so by confiding. their' purport to the Secret Committee of the Court of Directors, and going th r o eo the farce of making three gentlemen issue a despatch they did not prepare, never saw, before taking up their pens to sign, and may heartily dissent from and &ap prove of. If be wishes to take a general survey of the deplorable condition of the finances of India, he must - have "rivets communications" with the " Chairs " of Lea&nhaU-street, and provoke them to draw out a document which, when presented to him, he can draw his pen through, and then substitute his own views, and oblige . the Court, as a body, to append their unwilling signatures. Whatever alteratioris he may resolve to make—whatever suggestions he has to offer—whatever animadversations hie sense of clutycci4e ls iTniTielid - out—the game cumbrous, lumbrous, absurd, and not very moral form must be gone through. Nor is this the worst of this duplex compliosted system. It necessarily really and irre- , sistibly begets carelessness, compromises, and boat - • tendon ;it perpetuates what is bad, and it averts lin- povements; it neutralises the power of the guile's Government, and it represses any capacity for useful use that then maybe in the Court ciDirectors; and , it reduces the home administration of the affairs of , India in dignity, responsibility, and in prwiptitude. It would, of course, never do for the Court of Directors and the Board of Control to differ, dispute and quarreL So, though the two sepa rate pieces of the same whole an really sejealow of each other as two rinl beauties, they avoid differences by feeling their way, by sounding sash other, by seeing whet one will do and the other will unction, by compromises and yielding. And the conesqlesse is, that India is sot governed on the . fell sense of responsibility of either, but by accom modation and anangernent, to keep a system radi cally defective down_ tly and creditably going. The results to India us not merely delay and expense, but the perptnation of an incubus on it, the weight of which is ingrowing ; and which, obli aNative Courts, destroys all demand for the of Native art and high skill ; which, priscipslities, swallows with them the' g •sain et eultivabsd, hit • sad able men, to " when they hirniabed . weri which is gradually reducing India to one dead level of poor sad helpless cultivators. And so long as we pre serve the doable machisery, so long as we shalt abet this system-4er its extension is productive ofrtro wage sad of power all distributed and en oyed, not by the GUIMIIe• Ministers, responsible to arlia meat, bet by the Directors, responsible to no one. Uwe an am swagged with India—men of the Wert character mid the largest experience— who the evils of such a system. But those men can Lind no place in the duplex ma ehisery that now governs India. They are too pond, sad too full of self-respect, to condescend to the arts and practices which are necessary to wows election to the Court of Directors, and they have useelly returned home too late in life to secure acme by parlor means to the Board of CootrvL And, under the existing organisation, the . knowledge, the experience, the high thoughts of men like the late Lord MaTcaLen—like the late Sir WILLIAM RUMIELL—Iike Mr. MOUNTITUAIIT EL PSIMIITQAMMIr. HOLT Mammtwit, CoL Dicitaxsos, and Mr. Suitsysn--are lost to India and to Eng land, and in their stead we have been surfeited by such a set of =wadi= as no rational being would entrust the cars of his private affairs to. While such. sapiens se this lasts at home, the Empress Governor of India is there powerless for great good. The Crown may send out the ablest of its subjects to fill that Vice-Royalty, but his ability is cramped by the existing system at home ; ho carries en correspondence of all sorts with all kinds of people, to explain why he has been forced to do this, end cannot do that; he has in India services which are not thoroughly under his control; and hb has in England two masters to serve. No wonder then that people in high places are beginning to find out that such a system cannot last, or that the Times should now join in the cry for Reform long ago raised in the columns of the Express. Pr is the privilege of wise men to learn from dis aster. We are under disaster now; and it would Madden many people in our country to think that we should make the wisest use of it. The rains continue, or rather, they incessantly recur. If we rejoice in a touch of frost or a sparkle of sun one day, wind comes in the night, and rain the next day, and the farmer's spirits sink again. In some parts ' I of the country, where a single flood is the talk of after years, the flood has come twice, three times, sad sow bar times within a few weeks. Ireland is, to a large extent, almost underwater; low-lying parts of England, wlylneser thre Mill a flood, the pastimes will ip it treed of cattle, nor areble land th, j k o lo r t4 e of man. The sheep heltsgtlClaniatst rots d fur the moat part, Oot soirerind where-ft 14 . 11 springing wheat is pronounced by the labourer be spoiled by the " wet-stunt," which is, he say. worse than the "cold-stunt." All the while, there are old people saying that they don't understand it ; that there used to be rain when they were young, and there used to be a flood occasionally; but—they deal know how it is—they have seen as much rein as there has been this season, without anything like as much flood. Younger people smile, and say, " How should that be?". and the curious look about for reasons for all this. Scientific people talk about volcanos and earthquakes, and other perturbations which, happening at the same time, may somehow be connected with our disaster. However this may be, and however true It is, that no mortal can help so much rain falling, the old people may be right in saying that the floods are out of proportion to the rain; and if we can Sod out how this is, we may be able to pre vent its happening again. If we are wise, we may learn from &aster. We have done a great deal of drainage within a few years ; and it seems clear that, in some parts of the country at least, the floods are owing to oar not having done the work thoroughly. Proprietors and farmers have carried the water off their own soil ; but where have they carried it to P To some outfall, which may be all-sufficient in dry weather, or for a fifth part of their number in wet, but which, being inadequate to such a seams as this, returns the mischief upon their hands in the most mischievous way possible. Over hundreds of square miles in England the water which would formerly have taken weeks to dribble through the soil now streams out through the drains—very happily for the land in the first in stance, but unfortunately for the neighbourhood, if the whole country round has been droned too, with• out any deepening of the outfall. We hear nothing of any examination of brooks and rivers to see if they can bear their share in disburdening our fields mil =of superfluous water. We might hem than this, whichever way we look. If we lab to ear own hilly regions we may take a lemon *ea nature, and if we look abroad we may take a Wen from man. Among our mountains the pri mary rills flow into the tarns, high up among the Moo ; and the tarns are filling while the streams bdow are, in rainy weather, swelling the rivers which tied the lakes. By the time the tarns begin to over flew at one end of the chain of waters the Wm are overflowing seawards at the other, and the dis tribution and flow of water are gradual. When art comes in, and men drain bogs and till the alluvions, they must deepen and widen the outlets from the lakes, or their valleys are flooded. The men in the valleys of the Jura can show them what to do. With wise foresight, they expend their labour and means in good time—to prevent floods, instead of ret2 the mischief of then. One may see their blasted in the solid rock—long tunnels, which eat no little money and toil, but which are certain is intercept the floods of a thousand years to 001100. One would think that Holland would be floodedie long as floods endure; but the Dutch let their fields be flooded at nobody. pleasure but their own. If they wish to irrigate their pastures, they can do it at any moment; but if any tempest comes up against them, it must have • fight with their windmills, and be wonted. Those deep.lying basins, which have no outfall bat one that would work the wrong way if allowed to work at all, lie green and solid, in comparison with ours, because the wind which comes with the rains sets the mills to work to baffle the clouds. We most do something to the same purpose, if oar improved drainage is not to become a frequent curse. We do not want windmills—unless in newly-reclaimed lands, like those bordering on the Wash; and we can hardly need tunnels, though we can make them as well as anybody where needed. What we do want is a complete system of arterial drainage, pro. perly finished off by securing the capacity of our rivers and harbours. We want such a system of drainage as may authorise each farmer to be a CANUTZ on his own land, and forbid the waters to a certain line. We ought to be able transgress that, in all our country, none but tidal waters shall henceforth flow back upon the land. It is not so very long since a man's hair stood on end to see water run up hill : and we hope it will not be very long before our rural dowse will call to one another to come and look, if such a wonderful sight should offer itself as wane' returning when it has once flowed away. This arte rial drainage is a thing that the farmers cannot do for themselves. Each one may find the best outfall within his reach, and drain down to it ; and, if it is not enough, he may make a pond and ditches on the lowest part of his land, and grow alders and poplars and willows there as absorbents; but be can do no more, unless it be to unite with his class to urge upon Parliament their right to a good system of arterial drainage. And this is the stage at which the farmers should be joined by the town populations, who have as much interest as the farmers can have in the matter, seeing that their health and the lives of many of them depend upon it—to say nothing of their in terest in the welfare of their rural friends and matoiners. It is to be feared that some of the worst consequences of the rains are yet to come. The most serious mis chief to health occurs when the ground dries again after floods. Then comes fever. And, considering the prodigious number of human dwellings and plasm of resort that have been flooded and kept long under water, we cannot venture to say that much eiekeess may not be looked for. Under this expeo fallen, we look again for knowledge to Holland, as the dampess known country ; and - also to Scotland and to Ireland, and elsewhere, even nearer home. I The Dutch make holes in their peat mosses, and bring tip the peat mud from below, just as they and we clean oar canals. Of this they make peat charcoal, finding io much benefit from it that they have used op neatly all their peat—cleared out their bogs, which, In regard to Holland, is saying a great deal. It has saved coal; it has distufected their atmosphere wherever it was scattered about, or found its way into dirty places; and its ashes have made their clover fields the richest in the world. About half a century ago, Lord MRADOWRARII made an experiment in Scotland of very high importance. He bad discovered that dried peat deprives dung and offal of their unwholesome properties as regards human health, becoming, by the very process, the finest manure then known. He made the best com post heaps seen at the beginning of our century. In a far part of Ireland, at this moment, there may be seen a tall chimney rising from a group of buildings on the forlornest hill-side of those peaty wastes where O'Contutu. used to hunt in his holiday seasons. It is some way from Cahirciveen, and is visible hom Valentin. There is peat charcoal made, with every prospect of being more and more in de mand, while there is peat enough within reach to last, apparently, till all men are cold—past warming —in their graves. Warmth, health, and fer tility are, no doubt, in attendance there, as wherever peat charcoal is intelligently used. To come nearer home, it is believed that Prince ALBERT was among the first who saw the advantage of using peat charcoal systematically in oonnexion with our sewerage. However that ma be, an experiment has been tried,—receutly enough to have been little heard of, but long enough to leave little doubt of the facts, which may be of great use in releasing us from some of tho consequences of our present disaster. The Bucks iterald introduced us to this story. The drains at the end of Aylesbury, on the Hartwell-road, used to bo a dreadful nuisance, and most injurious to health. A proprietor of land, six miles distant, urged the Board of Health to try a peat-charcoal tank, at the entrance of the sewer, isforming them of the value of the saturated peat as manure. The Board was sure that the Vale of Aylesbury was so rich that it wanted no manure, and nobody would buy their charcoal, for which they must pay 31. a ton in the first instance. The proprietor offered to give the charcoal, if allowed to carry it away as often as would be necessary—that is, monthly—but the Board thought it could not afford to give the wood. The proprietor gave the wood and the thing was done. But the proprietor has not got the manure—at least very little of it; only the I two first emptyings of the tank, for the farmers are ' scrambling for it at a high price. The price as it i comes out of the tank s, we believe, 61. a ton. From , , the obvious effects of the experiment, in eveetening T!I EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY 'sritowci, JANIT4RT 16:1. 1 _Mak guano; and the farmers are much excited abOut it — guano being placed, by monopoly, almost beyond their reach. Much expectation is excited by, the news that the Falkland Islands abound in guano— inferior to the Peruvian, from the nature of the cli mate, but good. Proposals are made of this and that method of making a bargain with the Peruvian go vernment for the purchase of guano. While thus looking abroad, may not our Peru be within our own four seas? May not our own Lobos Islands lie, en circled with bog water, within a walk? This is a question which we can soon settle for ourselves. Our doctors can point out our fevers and their localities— meeting, in the set, the citizens who are pointing oat the bad smells, and the municipal officers who Gan trace out the sewers foe us. The farmers can being the charcoal, valued at 31. a ton, and carry it away probably for little more, though it might be worth their while to pay 61. We want no Government aid to help us here. We cannot supply ourselves, or one another, with agricultural statis tics, or a system of arterial drainage; bat this is a thing we can do. We have not intercepted the mischief of the floods; but if we intercept the con sequent fever, and at the same time turn our spongy bogs and town drains into guano islands, our English habit of talking about the weather will, for once, hays been neither idle nor ridiculous. . , , the # end ofiAylishary, lerfansoilikd oprof pat char- loot - we spreading in thi bt is e eigMbuthood, sutler be- .) the , iswl4 It is useiHn some pit*, in sham**, for the of a i presoivation of pnovisiotte l for *L drying sad swea- rd is,. meliwi at damp avid dirty places; mud the more good `the %does in these ways, the movit It it is for the far- Tto 1 mer's service at last. A migrant of 1,0001. is at mays, present offered by the Raid Agricultural So- lute I ciety for the discovery of a manure equal to FRANCE. PARIS, TIISIIDAT EYININO. There has been a steadier feeling displayed to-day on the Bourse ; the Three per Cents., which, acwrd ing to the official quotations reported in this morn ing's Moisitsur, left off yesterday at 79f. 700. both far money and the account, were to-day quoted 45c. higher at the close, being SOL lbc. The Four-and-a- Half per Cents., which, in the same official organ, are reported se yesterday closing at 104 f. titic. for cash, and 104 f. 50c. for the account, left off to-day at an advance of 20e., making the quotation for the ac count 104 L 70e. In Bank Stock a very extraordi nary rise has taken place to-day. During the whole of thelate depression nothing could elevate the value of this stock, but to-day a great improvement was mani fested, and a rise of not less than 20f. was quoted at the close of the market, the price recorded being 2,820 f. In the value of railways there is no mate rial alteration and very little going forward,although much stock of various kinds has been on offer. Special messengers have been sent by all the ambassadors in Paris to their respective govern-' men*, bearing the menage of the Emperor respect ing his marriage. The religious services at the cathedral of Notre Dame have been suspended during this week, on account of the extensive arrangements which are making for the imperial nuptials. The Pair* of this morning announces that the do= of the cathedral will be closed at noon on Sunday. The Emperor will leave the Tuileries at half-past 12, and will enter by the grand door, which will not be opened until his Majesty's arrival. Mass will commence at one o'clock. The Menites► contains a decree promoting Prince Napoleon Joseph Bonaparte to the rank of General of Division of the French army. The French ambassador at the Court of Dresden (M. Mercier), on presenting his new credentials to the King of Saxony, from the Emperor Napoleon, received from the King an assurance that he could sot forget the services which the Emperor had ren dered to the cause of order in Europe. After the audience, the French minister was invited to a grand dinner with the other members of the corps eksiontatique, and distinguished foreigners then in Dresden. The list of invitations for the ball to be given by the Minister of War has been definitively closed, and an official intimation is given that M. the Mar shal de St. Arnaud finds it impossible to comply with the numerous requests that have been addressed to him to obtain admission. This morning's Monitor contains the official pro gramme of the civil marriage of the Emperor, which is to take place at the Tuileries on the evening of Saturday, the 29th. At eight o'clock that evening the Grand Master of the Ceremonies will proceed, in two of the imperial equipages, to convey the imperial fiances, with her illustrious mother and the =bee sador of the Queen of Spain, to the Palace of the Tuileries, where they will be received by the Prince Napoleon-Joseph and the Princess Mathilde. The Emperor, with his uncle Jerome, and the cardinals, oaken, and ambassadors, will pr oceed to record the declaration of marriage before the Minister of State, and afterwards the Empress will be reconducted to the Elysee with the same ceremonies that had been observed on her arrival. The preamble of the decree conferring the rank of a general of division upon Prince Napoleon Joseph Bonaparte states that, considering that "our well beloved cousin," Napoleon Joseph Bonaparte, is now a Preach prince, and that, placed upon the steps of a throes, he sh ould be one of its firmest supports, and be entitled to a place in the first rank of the military hierarchy, we therefore decree, &c. The appoint ment specifies in terms that Prince Napoleon is to wear the uniform and insignia of a general of divi sion. If this special mention of the uniform has a restrictive sense, and can be understood as implying that he will not be entrusted with military com mand, it may considerably diminish the unpopularity of the appointment with the army. The position assigned to the Marquis Valdegames in the programme of the approaching ceremony is the sutgect of much comment. It is by many people considered to indicate an entente cordial, between the French and Spanish governments which may_ lead to important results. At the present moment Spain is generally looked upon as the probable theatre of stirring events within a very short period. Every rumour relative to that country is anxiously dis cussed, and Spanish stock has within the last eight• and-forty hours experienced violent fluctuations upon the Paris Bourse. The prominent part assigned to the Spanish maunder in the celebration of the Emperor's marriage may however be accounted for without resorting to political reasons. The circum stance that Mdlle. de Montijo is a Spaniard would alone perhaps be a sufficient ground for the especial concurrence of the representative of her country in the solemnisation of her nuptials. But it is possible that the Marquis de Valdegamu may be expected to attend the Tuileries in a pan paternal character, to I give away the bride. A grandee of Spain cannot regularly marry without the consent of the sove reign. The man who marries the daughterof a Spanish grandee does not become himself a grandee in her right without the sovereign sanction. Louis Napoleon, wanting his crown, would find it very difficult to satisfy the Spanish heralds that his escutcheon was admissible to be quartered with that of Mdlle. de hfontijo. It is probable that after the marriage the French Emperor will not disdain to call himself a grandee of Spain of the first class, and the signature of the Spanish ambassador, on the part of his sove reign, to the marriage contract will be a warrant for the assumption of the title. On Sunday afternoon the Emperor visited St. Cloud, where the Countess de Teba and her mother kad already arrived. His Majesty returned with them to the Elysee, and dined there. Since the countess has resided at the Elysee there is a military poet there, as during the residence of the Emperor. The German Journal of Frankfort, under date of Munich, 21st, says : We learn that the first posts in the household of the future Empress of the French are intended for the two Counts de M Pagerits, who hays been for some time in Paris near their illustrious relation, the Emperor Napoleon. Count Tischer, the father, recently promoted to the dignity of senator, will be, it is said, grand master of the ceremonies of the Empress. Countess Timelier and her daughter wall shortly leave this city for Paris. I hear that before leaving Rome General Gemeau set on foot negotiations for a marriage between Louis Napoleun and a niece of the Pope, the dau liter of Count Mantel. It is difficult to suppose that the general would haye taken such a step without autho. I ray. Some people, however, assign his indiscretion in this matter as the reason for his call. The Emperor's speech was seat by telegraph to every post of France within reach of electric wires. The prefects have displayed their usual seal and co deity in telegraphing back repilell, and winks Pet tested that everywhere, east, west, earth, sod sena, the population has manifested the ale fealipg, dqat of unmixed delight and approbation. Manilly . the government journals are content with this general announcement, and refrain from publishing Inrther specimens of that monotonous official hteraktre, which so fatigued their readers daring the triumphal of last autumn. M. Granter e Cassaeac takes up the cudgels to day against the legitimist journals, who contend that Louis Napoleon's speech is an admission that his reign is not a continuation of the traditional monarchy known to France. Forgetting that the Emperor not merely called himself a " parvenu," but claimed to be the representative of a "new principle," his over zealous advocate compares him to Clovis, Augustus Ciesar, Pepin-le- Bret, and Charlemagne, all, he says, 'parvenus. He farther deprives Louis Napoleon of all credit for humility in the use el Ms much canvassed expression, by arguing that it is no more to be construed literally than any ordi nary phrase of politeness. When the Pope style• himself " the servant of the servants of Go d, " he by no means intends to lower his dignity. In fast, this word " parvenu" is • mad stubling-block to the Bonapartist courtiers. The Emperor threw it out to curry favour with the masses, to remind them Ithat the principles of 1789—revolutionary principles in the estimation of the old dynasties—are yet in scribed at the head of the constitution, and to show his contempt for the received maxims of the reigning houses of Europe. Nothing can be more idle than to compare his origin or ,posiion to the founders of royal races in the middle agee. M. Bard* Garriga, the Governor of Guyann who gave the celebrated convicts' ball, and made the con victs erect a triumphal arch in his own honour, has been recalled. We find the following in the MOW., on the manu facturing industry of Paris: Parisian manufacture has been exceedingly active during the whole of the last year. Its general production, both for home consumption and for foreign countries, has i ger tainly exceeded that of 1861, and yet that year was a most excellent one for the articles which Paris sends abroad. The exports of Paris in 1851 had been 219} millions, whilst in 1862 they have been 221 i millions. The difference, it is seen, is not very great ; but it is worthy of remark, that the last year offers an augmentation over 1860 of nearly 24 millions, and over 1849 of 60 minima We do not speak of 1848, when all the manufactures of Paris had to suffer so much from the political tempest, sad when the experts fell to 167 millions, notwithstanding the artificial move went which it was endeavoured to impart to them by the system of drawbacks. But since then the exports of Pane i have gone on increasing, and represent at present about the seventh part of all that we export, and about the fourth part of our special exports in manufactured produce. The reason is, that Paris is in fact for our country the ' centre of all the fabrications of taste and of art ; it not only sends to foreign countries what its able workmen prepare, but likewise • crowd of products in wood, leather, and metal sent in a rough state front the departments, and finished in Paris. nu - work done in Paris consequently is not only that of the metropolis, but of many towns in the provinces. It is right to add that the amount of the ex ports of Paris, such as they are shown by the customs re turns, comprehends many articles furnished by Lyons, Sedan, Malheur's and fit. Etienne. Paris in 1852 had to supply large order s sent from the United States and South America. In addition to oar silks and printed stuffs, which have everywhere an incontestable swam, our articles of direr, our furniture, jewellery, real and false, ear clocks and watches, gloves, saddlery, and glass, have found ready markets at Valparaiso, Use, La Plata, Rio Janeiro, and Pernambuco. Large quantities have also been sent to the countries of the Baltic, to Russia, and to the countries of the Danube, when the tuts for French articles is increas ing more and more, and where it would become a regular branch of trade, giving us • large profit, if through unpar donable carelessusse we did not allow the mert.hants of London and Trieste to carry then our own goods, which naturally they charge with their profits on the goods. But, however that may be, Parisian exports occupy a considera ble place in the commerce of the world—a place worthy of the rank which they obtained at the Exhibition of London, and it is to be remarked that they have increased in a pro portion which exceeds the general progress of our foreign commerce. During the last fifteen years—that is, since 1837—the general movement of our exports has not in creased more than half, whereas the special exports of Paris nee from 94 millions of francs, representing • weight of 11,862,000 kilogramme., to 221 millions of francs, repre senting a wei4ht of about 33 millions of kilogrammes, and has thus more than doubled the value and tripled the quan tity of goods which they furnish to foreign countries. ITALY . PIEDMONT. We yesterday . related the circumstances under which a M. Ma:tumble was imprisoned at Genoa for preaching protestant doctrinek and stated that Count Cavour was to give explanations on the sub ject in the Sardinian parliament. On the 21st inst. M. Cavour stated that he would obtain the pardon of the prisoner from the clemency of his Majesty, and begged that the interpellations on the subject, which stood upon the order of the day, might be postponed Ito allow him an opportunity of laying the letters of ma before the house. It is felt, however, that no thing short of a reform of the penal code, bringing' it into harmony with the statute which prescribes religious toleration, will suffice to prevent a recur rence of similar prosecutions. The duel between M. Ropolo, a Piedmontese officer, and Captain Oneritz, an Austrian, who in suited him at Milan, took plus on the 28th, at Cutel San Giovanni. The sword was the chosen weapon, and the conflict was carried on with bitterness on both sides. M. Ropolo was s lightly wounded on the head and thigh : his antagonist received four wounds of serious character. The telegraph line between Turin and Chambery wan inaugurated on the 18th at Turin, in the pre sence of the ministers and other high functionaries. The President of the Council cut the ribbaud which prevented the action of the machine, and had the osing words telegraphed to Chambery: May this be the prelate to the union of Piedmont with Savoy. The answer sent by the Intendant-General of Chambiry was as follows: Long live the sing I The high functionaries of this town, meembled under the auspices of his Grate the Arch bishop, to inanimate the electric telegraph, think it their duty to masseras Us use by expressing in the semi of Savoy the & prehend grudted• towards the goverment of his Majesty ler les selleitede in bestowing these provinees the aalvaatage. which may be e hue Oh sulk= inerat4a efr i t e l r ie r Sem*, whisk tons le went ewe of the sea phonomeme of ereetioa. The admit to woe as allows: The Council of Ministers will gladly sousseissis to his Majesty She sentiments which the kigh tandesedas of Chambery have *press* en the mei* ofimogesades the electric end*. happy loses se islintensees oosamasiestise lited between the espial sad the proviso' whisk is the glorious cradle of the menreky NA of the Home of Savoy, which has sash great stela' epee the sympathy and moral interest of the go...russet. The following despatch was the answer: The Archbishop of Cbarabiry thank' the Council of Ministers for what it does for the benefit of Savoy with respect to its religions and political interests. Chambery was then put in 00mm:deaden with Genoa, a distance of 400 kilometres (100 leagues), and similar complimentary despatches were exchanged by the authorities. In its sitting of the 20th, the Senate of Turin con tinued the discussion on the Slave-trade Suppression Bill. Various punishments were voted for cases of cruelty to slaves on board, and the question of the right of search was decided in the affirmative. The deputies continued the discussion on the budget of public works. Twenty-persons—two merchants, and the others mechanics and artists—have been arrested at Milan for being connected with socialist clubs. SPAIN. ' The Madrid Gazelle of the 19th contains a govern ment circular prescribing rigorous measures against the disseminators of " false news," designed to mislead public opinion respecting the intentions of the go ' vernment, and so influence the elections. The circular is, in fact, an attempt, by means of new assurances, to annul the exceedingly bad impression which its l authors are daily making by their deeds. There was a talk at Madrid of modifications in the ministry. The Clamor Publico was again seized on the 19th. The Danish minister had left Madrid for Lisbon to obtain the Queen of Portugal's adhesion to the convcntioti between the great powers relative to the succession to the throne of Denmark. DENMARK. The Bing of Denmark has given his approval to a project for establishing railroads throughout Jutland. GERMANY. The Minister of Commerce of Prussia proposes for the consideration of the Postal Congress that the rate of postage throughout the kingdom be fixed at one pos. The government of Saxe Goths has ordered an Exhibition of German and Foreign Industry, which is to take place in the month of August next in the Palace of Friedenstein. MONTENEGRO. The cousin of Prince Daniel had an interview with Count Buol-Schauenstein at Vienna on the 19th, and on the morrow set out for St. Petersburg. Tele graphic advice. from Trieste of the 21st, published in the German papers, state that, on the 13th, Omer Pacha carried the fortress of Grahovo by assault, but that having afterwards attempted to take the capital of Montenegro, he was repulsed. We give these statements as we find them, leaving it to subsequent and more detailed communications to harmonise and complete them. The fact that Omer Pacha is ope rating on the north-west frontier justifies the caution with which we quoted the statement of the 04- Deutsche Post, alleging that the General was at Scutari. AMERICA. ARRIVAL OF THE ASIA. (11 PLICT&IC TILIBOZAPIL4 (PROW ow OWN COMILIPONDINT. LIVERPOOL, WIDNESDAT. I The Royal Mail steam-ship Asia, Lott, commander, I arrived in the river at ten o'clock this forenoon, direct from New York, with 50 passengers, upwards of 200,000 dollars in specie on freight, and the United States mails, in charge of Lieutenant J. Grant Raymond, R.N., the Admiralty agent. The Asia's apoointed day of sailing was the 12th inst., and great anxiety has been felt here at her non-arrival for these two days past. It appears, however, that oho was detained in New York har bour until the 14th, owing to violent storms, which swept over the whole Atlantic seaboard of the States for two days. By this arrival we learn that the steam-ship America, which sailed from Liverpool on the 25th, had arrived out at Boston on the 11th; that the Baltic reached New York on the same day ; and that the Arabia, the last new steam-ship of the Cunard line, which left this port on the let of January, had arrived at Halifax on the 13th inst. By the Asia we learn that the American steam ship Illinois had arrived at New York with a further sum of over two millions in gold dust. The advice, from the golden region extend to tife 13th ult., and the reports from the mining districts con tinue flattering. Busineps good, and imports com mand high prices. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. Business was very brisk. Money and American securi ties in pod demand. Cot-Torr.—The cotton market at New York wu bvisk, and with a good demand, at slightly advanced prices— say to the extent of ie. per lb. on the lower qualities. BAILADSTO7III to pretty good demand; Western Canal flour, 6 doll. 75c. to 5 dole. 87ie. ; Clennessee Wheat, I dol. 28e. to 1 dol. 32e ; Indian corn, round yellow, 60 to 70i Indian meal, 3jdols. 871 c. to 4 dole. Paovistoxm quiet, but at New York prices were very high. Excitawoz.—On London, 100} to ; Paris, 6.13 ; Bre- men, 77} to f ; liarnburgh, 361 to 37. Vbe Court. WINDSOR, Jur. 26. There was no addition to the royal dinner party yestuday. Prince Albert, attended by Colonel the Hon. C. B. Phipps and Lieut.-Colonel F. H. Seymour, left Windsor, this morning, by a special train of the South ' Western Rail uere,for London, and returned to the Castle at tea minutes 3 o'clock. Prince Albert presided, yesterday morning, at a meeting of the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1&51. His royal highness arrived at the new Palace of Westminster at a quarter before 11 o'clock, attended by Colonel the Hon. C. B. Phipps and Lieut.-Col. F. H. Seymour. The meet ing was held at 11 o'clock. The other commissioners pre sent were Earl Granville, Lord Oventone, the Right Hon. W. B. Gladstone, M.P., the Right Hon. Henry Labon ebere, M.P., Sir Alexander Spearman, Bart., Sir Charles Barry, Sir William Cubitt Sir Charles L. Eastlake, Sir Charles Lyell, Sir Richard Westmaeott, Mr. T. Baxley, Mr. Coulson, Q.C.. Mr. C. W. Dilke, Mr. T. F. Gibson, Mr. P. Pussy, Mr. John Shepherd, and Mr. It. Stephen son, M.P. Mr. Edgar Souring, secretary to the commis aion, was in attendance. The meeting broke up at ten minutes put 2 o'clock, when Prince Albert, attended b 7 Colonel the Hon. C. B. Phipps and Lieut.-Colonel F. H. Seymour, left the Palau on hie return to Windsor Castle. (7110* Skirt MORT'S OIJPTT7.) Fount:m-017ms, JAN. 17.—The Queen has been graciously pleuen to appoint Stephen Henry liven. Esq., now her Majesty's Chargé d'Affaires and Consal•Cieneral in the Republic of Chili, to be her Majesty's Chargé d'Af faires end Consul-General in the Republic of Peru ; also been graciously pleased to appoint Captain the Honourable Edward Aifred John Harris, R.N., now her Majesty's Chargé d'Affaires and Consul General in the Republic of Peru, to be her Majesty's Chargi d'Affaires and Consul- General in the Republic of Chili. FOREIGN -OFFICE, JAIL 22.—The Queen has been pleased to approve of Mr. Samuel Morrison as Vice-Consul at Londonderry for the Grand Duke of Mecitlenbugh. Schwerin. _ _ _ towxlno-sTaarr, JAL 22.—The Queen has been pleased to appoint Francis Lewis Shaw blerewether, Esq., to be Auditor-General, and William Harvie Christie, Esq., South M be Postmaster-Gerimal for the colony e , New . Weiss, and John Sterling, Esq., to be Agent for Church sad School Lands in that colony CROW'N-OFFICE, JAN. 22.-MEMBIISS RETURNED TO Bears IN THIS PIISINT PARLIAMINT.—UniTenity et Oxford : The Right Hon. William II wart Gladstone, of Christchurch, in the said University, Doctor in Civil Law, Chancellor and Under Treasurer of the Exchequer. Jew. 24.—Borough of Carlow : John Alexander, Esq., of Milford, in the county of Carlow, in the room of John Sadleir, Esq., who has accepted the dace of one of the Lords Conintisionen for executing the oMae of Trea surer of the 3:clequer of Great Britain, and Lord High Treasurer of Ireland. COKILDISION BIGINED BY TILE LORD-LIEUTENANT 07 Beammtan.—Thomas Aubrey Howard, Esq., to be Rapala is the Royal Berko Militia. FEVER CAUSED BY THE OVERCROWDING OF Dwatttwo-wousin.—On Mondsy evening as inquest was taken by Mr. Baker, at the Bloekmaker' Arms, Cart wright-street, Royal Mint-street (formerly Petticoat-lane), Bt. Botolph, Aldgate Withoat, on view of the body of Bridget M'Callegut two years old, who died from fever, alleged to have been the effect of the overcrowding of the house where it occurred. The coroner, on his return from viewing the body, complained of the dreadful efiluvia in the house, and observed that he should not be surprised to hear of fever prevailing in the neighbourhood. Michael M'Callegut, 32, Royal Mint-street, deceased's father, said that about a fortnight ago deceased was attacked with fever, which she caught of her mother. There was a man and his wife living in the same room. A few days since a man and woman, who occupied the mine room, had the fever. Deceased had no doctor to attend her. She died on Friday morning last. Mr. Richardson, Church-lane, one of the surgeons of White chapel Union, stated that he saw deceased after death. It was his opinion that the child had inflammation of the lungs, which was frequently the effect of an attack of fever, and it was very probable that death was from that cause.—By the Coroner : I hove removed two or three families from that house, which were attacked with fever, to the workhouse.—Coroner : The smell is most horrible. The attention of the board of guardians ought to be di rected to the house. It is not safe for any one to live in. A juror observed that it was eno u gh to create a fever in the neighbourhood. Another juror said that there were many houses in that locality which were in the same state, and he appealed to Mr. Harris, the registrar, who was foreman of the jury, if it were not the case. Mr. Harris having replied that it was true, re marked that he believed there were at least 60 persons living in the house where the deceased was lying, and which consisted of a shop and parlour, with six rooms. A juror, who was a district visitor, confirmed the statement, and remarked that in their verdict they should recommend the coroner to request the board of guardians to visit the house. The coroner remarked that he would be happy to assist them. The house was in that overcrowded state that fever might be the consequence in the whole neighbour hood. Verdict, "That the deceased died by the visitation of God ; and that the coroner be requested to communicate to the board of guardians the filthy state of the house in which deceased died, as being overcrowded with inmates and unfit for habi-ation." NEW ROUTE TO INDIA.—A letter from Bagdad states that an English steamer had entered the Tigris for the purpose of ascertaining whether it will be practicable to eatibliah a regular communication with the Gall of Persia. THE IMPRISONED MADIAI. PUBLIC MEETING AT EXEIT.E HALL. Yesterday • public meeting of the ineinbe rs and friends of the Protestant Alliance was held in Exeter fish, " to adopt resolutions respecting the persecutions in To. sway, and the aspect of popery in this country." The Earl of Cavan and Captain Trotter attended, as part of the de putation to Florenoe, to give an account of the minion. The room was densely crowdeA. The chair was taken at half-put 12 o'clock by the Right Hon. the LoaD MLTOR, the following gentlemen beir.g al the time on the platform :—Earl of Cavan, lieu. W. w. Chamose yo, T. Chambers, Esq., M.P., Rev. Dr. B un ti ng, R. C. L. Bevan, Esq., Rev. O. Fish, Captain Trotter, Sir Harry Verney, Ban., Hon. and Rev. B. W. Noel, Rev. Dr. Scoresby, Rev. W. Close, Rev. Dr. Marsh, Admiral Vernon Harcourt, Rev. T. Burney, Rev. Dr. Stein., Sir W. Verner, Rev. Dr. Bull of New York, Rev. Daniel Wilson, Rev. Dr. Anderson, J. Conder, Esq. ' Rev. T. Freemantl., C o l onel Alexander, Major-Gen. Sir P. Maitland, Rev. T. Beamish, James Farish, Esq., James Cook Evans, Esq.. Captain Valiant, J. *Gregor, Esq., J. Finch, E.q Rev. Dr. Cum ming, Sir W. Baynes, Bart., J. Carter W ood, Esq., \VjI. hraham Taylor, Esq., I. G. Sheppard, Esq., and Henry Roberta, Esc . The meeting having been opened with prayer by the Rev. Dr. Maxim, The Citalnman said he felt that the occasion was one of deep interest and of great importance both to liberty and to religion. (Hear, hear.) An outrage had been committed upon the rights of conscience—an injustice perpetrated which was adapted to awake the sympathy and arouse the attention of the whole civilised world. (Cheers.) The chief purpose of their assembling was to listen to some of the facts of the cue from the lips of gentlemen of high cha racter and position, whose veracity was beyond all question, and who had visited the spot and examined into the matter for themselves. The whole subject was deeply interesting to the minds of all who loved liberty, or cared for the cause of religion. Their object, however, was to create a public opinion with regard to it throughout Europe—(cheers)— not merely to satisfy themselves by their protests, and their pledges, and their expression of attachment to their coa t . mon Christianity, but to circulate the real facts of the case, leaving them to leaven in the mind until the whole of so. ciety should be leavened, and there should be one general shout of indignation at the injustice ivhich had been perpe. tested. (Loud cheers.) They were called upon that day-. they would be summoned by the facts which were about to be detailed—to act as missionaries for the scriptures, and to contend he the inalienable right of every man to worship God according to the dictates of hie conscience. (Cheers.) There must be nothing negative in their religion ; they must not be supine on this question, but must feel it to be an all-absorbing matter, talk to their children and neigh. boor. abcut it, and, by calling meetings and attending ie support them, aid in • general movement in furtherance of the object. (Cheers.) He felt this to be a question which belonged not only to protestant., but to catholic,. (Hear, hear.) There were, he was convinced, many intelligent and liberal-minded catholic@ in this country ; but, if there were also some who desired to see a certain amount of slavery upon the human conscience, be called upon them to reflect what could be more injurious to any system than to shun the light, and to show that it was afraid of the ar gelation of that revealed word whence Roman catholic. as well as protestants, professed to have got the great facts of their religion ? It was for Homan catholic* to consider whether that was good policy ; and he trusted that, when all the facts of the case came to be circulate f throughout the length and breadth of the land, many of their Roman catholic fellow.subjeets would come forward and protect against an aggression which was inconsistent not only with the principles of religion, but even with those of humanity. (Cheers.) The chairman concluded by reading a letter from the Earl of Roden, - , in which his lordehip expressed regret at his inability to attend, in consequence of being de tained by important business in Dublin. Similar lettere had been received, it was stated, from Mr. Cheethana, for Lancashire, and from Sir G. Goodman, of Leeds. Mr. T. Cliillllll4l, M.P., moved the first resolution, which was as follows: "That it bar been the desire and prayer of the church of Christ, in all ages, ' That God's way may be known upon earth, His saving health among all nations ;' that to the attainment of this end the free circulation of the Bible and the preaching of the gospel are the appointed means, to forbid the use of which means is to obstruct the progress of Christ's kingdom, and to deprive man of his highest privilege ; that it is therefore with min gled feelings of regret and indigestion that this meeting has learned that there are at this moment many Christians immured in the dungeons of Tuscany, under no other charge than that of reading and distributing those Holy Scriptures, ' which are able to make men wise unto salva tion, through faith that is in Christ Jesus.'" He said there appeared to him to be special propriety in commenc ing that long series of meetings which he trusted would be held through the length and breadth of the land with • meeting in the metropolis presided over by the chief magis trate of the City. rrom the earliest times, the City of London had taken the deepest interest in the question of religious liberty, and had supporud the cause with a unanimity, a vigour, an intelligence, and • success with which the whole world was familiar. It was a remarkable circumstance that they should be meeting in the 19th century to vindicate principles which it might have been thought were sufficiently vindicated two centuries and a half ago. They might draw from it the practical lesson, that the very arguments which were good two centuries and a half ago, were not only good, but &lamasery new as they were then. Nay, in one point of view they were better now. Two centuries and a half ago, it was open to thew who wished to excuse or palliate the infringement of men's primary rights, to say that society war not enlightened or civilised, that education did not prevail, and that such an infringement was to be attributed not to any inherent vice in particular doctrines, but to the want of enlightenment. It was one unfortunate result of the proceedings in Tus cany that it swept this notion to the winds; showing that civilisation would not do, that refinement would not do, but that true vital protestant religion was the only se curity for the primary rights of mat. (Cheers.) He felt, and he thought numbers present would agree with him, that there were recent indications on the continent that whatever statesmen, senators, or governors might desire, there was a certain influence which permeated the whole mass of the governments on the continent and over ruled statesmanship ; that by that influence governments were ruled and nations tyrannised over; that, in point of fact, they had got to fight the whole battle over again, with this great advantage, however, that the two armies were drawn up La hostile array for a fair contest of principle— (hear, hear)—and that the plain issue to be decided was, whether • man was to be allowed to read the message which God had sent to him, or whether be was to be deprived of that message. (" Hear, hear," and ekeers.) Let church men and dissenters—sound protestant. of all parties—com bine together to defend the bulwark of protestantism alike from the attacks which assailed it from without and from the treachery which threatened it from within. (Cheers.) The Rev. W. W. CHAMPNBYS, rector of Whitechapel, seconded the resolution, which war supported by Mr. B. Sieves. The Berl of CAVAN then addressed the meeting, We member of the deputation to the Grand Duke of Tuscany. No doubt many present had rein the correspondence which took place with the Tuscan minister, a statement of the subsequent application to the Grand Duke for an audience, and a report of the proceedings, and he trusted that this information would be printed in • portable form for the nee of the public generally. During their stay the deputation endeavoured to ascertain, by means of visits to Christian people, what was the intent to which protestant ideas had spread. Among those whom they thus visited was one at least who had been imprisoned since their return; and the downcast eountenancee of numbers, showed how deep was their out ward oppression, though in many cues, he trusted, it was combined with internal peace. The oppression was, indeed, greater than any one here could well understand. First, there was the oppression of the priests, whose numbers almost equalled those of the army ; then the oppression of the Austrian power; and, lastly, the oppression of the gen darmes; and, with all these to watch them, whether they turned to the right or to the leg, escape was no easy matter. They had no instruction in doctrinal matters, no churches or chapels, scarcely any Bibles; and there was marked joy on their countenanees when they received the smallest portion of scripture. Some of them made an application to the government to be allowed to meet together, with policemen to watch over them, declaring that their simple object was to reed God's word and unite together in prayer, and that they had no desire whatever to interfere with political matters. It was almost needless to say that their request was refused, the desire of the government being to crush protestantism, which the read ing of God's word tended to support. There was a touching incident sonrected with the case of Francesco Medial, which was not perhaps generally known. The poor man was kept for • time in solitary confinement; and so deeply oppressed was his mind ► by the death-like silence whisk reigaed in his cell, that he requested to be allowed to have his watch in order that he might hear the ticking of it. The governor's reply was, however, that there was no need of watches for persons of his class, and so the matter ended. His oppression almost put him out of his mind, and indeed Lord Roden had told him (the Earl of Cavan) that some of the expressions which the poor prisoner used to him con vinced him that he was not then of perfectly sound mind. They had all heard, no doubt, of the severity of the Tuscan police law. Such, indeed, was the extent of that severity that it was in the power of a policeman to have say one in earcerated 8 days on the bars suspicion of having a Bible in his possession; while • magistrate could order imprison " went for 12 months on the mere information of one of the police. This was, however, simply carrying out the prin. siples of Popery, which was the same everywhere if she had the power to be so. (Hear, hear.) lie held in has hand a letter which it might interest the meeting to hear, it being one of the last letters of Rosa Medial to her husband previous to the return of the deputation. Of course it was a translation. " If you knew the pleasure which the news that you are better gave me It was very great, and tears of pleasure covered my cheeks—for two motives : first, that God has made you worthy of suffering with his dear Son; and, secondly, that he restores your health. Oh! if we knew how to appreciate the degradations that we suffer for having confessed that there is but one Mediator between Ood and man! My dear, you speak to me of expecting grace—pardon; but permit me to tell you that the great pardon we have already received. How broken asunder are all our conjugal rights; our house and goods scattered like dust to the wind; we ourselves you see in what state. And, with all that, we would not make an exchange with all the treasures of Pharaoh, or lose that holy rest which the Holy Spirit has given us out of full grace! This I call grace (or pardon), and the great grace. Ifs star is again to shine for us, it can be but the star of justice, for we have dons evil to no one, bat, on the contrary, we have