The Express. — London, England, 1853-10-15 00:00:00

Eate erpreoo. TO CORRESPONDENTS. A Seem! Wiles of "The Espews," wastaialag the sawn evening's w60...tte," r published every Tuesday sad Panay night, in tam toe punt. javerti , volents hatentlal far The Fapros," Lomas Evening paper. nowt tx• st the Oak*, 10, BentvcrivAtreet, by Two o'clock es the day of pubatiatioa. MOH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS Der —Morning, Oh. Sine Afternoon. lb. Inen. To•Nouow—Monla(, lb. Sin . Afternoon, th. Os. LONDON, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 15. MR. COBDEN complains that the "enemies" of the I Peace Society raise the cry, "Oh, these arc a set of fanatics who, if the enemy were at the gate, would cry, ' Peace, peace ; these are the people who want us to disband our soldiers and sailors, and invite the invasion of some foreign foe; these are the people who would lay us prostrate at the feet of tho first horde of brigands that chose to land upoa our shore: , ." Who these opponents arc, who ascribe such flagrant iniquity to tho Peace Society, it is im possible for us to say. Whoever they are, they may be safely handed over to be oratorically hung, drawn, and quartered by the members of the Conference. What ninety-nine hundredths of the civilised world say is not that Mr. COBDF.N and his friends wish to invite foreign foes, or desire to lay us prostrate at the feet of hordes of brigands, but that the practical following out of his proposals would issue in the very result ho very properly deprecates. The objectors to the movements of the Peace Society do Mr. ConDax the justice to believe that if an enemy had actually landed on our shores he would take arms like a man in defence of his hearth and home. These same opponents, however, desire strongly that Mr. Cont'EN should never be put to such extremities. They have a horror of war and its consequences which equals in intensity that entertained by the Members of the I'eace Society, and they therefore are earnest in their endeavours to prevent the occur rence of war. And their ground of dispute with Mr. tuentai and his friends is that the latter, if left to follow out their own devices, would provoke the very evil to be shunned. The Peace Society is accused not of malevolence bat ignorance. Now, it surely is not a sufficient answer to this charge to say, as Mr. COBDI says, that he does not think there will be invasion. "I wish," are his words, "to make my profession of faith most distinctly on this point, and that very shortly. I do not believe any one is coming to attack us." The great majority of Englishmen be lieve the same thiug, but the grounds for their belief are totally different from those of Mr. Cosnex. They believe that their security from attack is derived from the strength of their position, both natural and artificial—from their insular situa tion and the completeness of their defences. He attributes, as far as we can see, no particular merit to the one and condemns the other. He ridicules all fear, all preparations on account of fear, and states as the sole ground for this ridicule, " Nobody intends to invade you." Now, this assertion can hero no place in the argument at issue between the Peace Society and the world at large, unless Mr. COBDEN can go into every coun try in Europe and say the same thing, Will he lift up his voice to the Turks in Constantinople, and say, " Nobody intends to attack you " ? Will he lecture tho Piedmontese on the same text ?—" I do not believe that any one will in vade you." Will he make the same declaration to the inhabitants of Belgium ? If he is prepared to answer these questions in the affirmative, will he cross the Atlantic and tell the inhabitants of Cuba they are quite safe from attack ? Will he sing in the same strain to the inhabitants of the countries on the southern border of the I United States? Will ho cross the Pacific, and tell the miserable Mantehou Emperor, cooped op within his narrowed provinces, that he may demolish his defences, not one of the rebels " will venture across the Yang-tee-kiang" ? Will he risk his neck by telling the King of AV A, " you need not trouble yourself about the British in the southern parts of your Empire, no one intends to invade you " ? If he cannot do this, he must be content to allow that the doctrine advocated by him and his friends is extremely local and confined in its appli cation. If there are really, as we firmly believe, only three or four countries in the world to whom it can be said without any danger of denial, " You are in no danger of invasion", what becomes of the peace theory ? If it turns out that the only countries in the world, who may laugh at the threat of invasion, are those which are the best prepared for war, is there not a strong presumption that this kind of preparation is the best guarantee for peace ? But what do Mr. COBDEN'S own facts tell ne with respect to the rights of the question ? " I speak from information, short only of information from the first parties acting in these proceedings, when I say that that which has been done in the East by the Emperor of RUSSIA was done on the deliberate cal culation that it was impossible France and England could unite to oppose him." The Emperor of Russi.t then would have been restrained from committing an act of piracy, had he known that there wu an armed force in the world able to prevent the consummation of the villany. The Cul " deliberately calculated," according to Mr. COBDEN'S correct information, that England and France could not interfere, and ho therefore pro. seeded to his act of spoliation. Can anything show more strongly the need of an armed police to keep the peace of the world ? Is it for the Peace Society to say, " Look at Turkey ; the peace of Europe would never have been disturbed had the Cz►a known that France and England would unite their forces to prevent his committing enact of spoliation." The very condition of Turkey shows the necessity in the present state of things of the power of armed intervention. How is it that private individuals in all countries of the civilised world left off the custom of wearing arms for the protection of the person? How is it that the weak and the inoffensive no longer go aimed to the teeth, to protect themselves from the attacks of the strong and the overbearing? Simply because the governments in all these countries have taken upon themselves the responsibility of protect ing the weak and the inoffensive against the strong and the overhearing. It is not because the passions are less strong now than formerly; it is not that the wish does not still haunt the breasts of the powerful and the haughty to bear harshly upon the weak, that men have abandoned the used defensive weapons. It is because a higher power takes care that no breach of the peace shall be committed. But where is the higher power to control governments? Where is the authority to say to all governments " Jimarm at pace, and I will see that no violence shall be onni reitted by one against the other." No such authority sales, and the only mode of supplying the want in fo r the strongest of the governments to league ti.%- gether cod make a covenant to the effect that, in the *vent of any individual member of the league attempting to do violence to the rules laid down for mutual preemie, the rest shall combine to prevent the injustice taking effect. Now,the very meaning and utility of such a league Weuld evaporate if any one ; THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 15, 1853. FRANCE. --•- PARIS, TIMRSDAT EVIININO. The recent measures intended to bring hawkers of books and pamphlets more completely under the control of the central administration, have unex pectedly, and to the great chagrin of the high church party, operated in favour of religious liberty. The tolerance of all religious established in 1789, and now indissolubly incorporated with the law of France is a principle not yet completely engrafted upon the manners of the people. In many provincial districts, the local authorities are as bigoted as the Spaniards, who refuse to bury protestants, or the Tuscan perse cutors of the Madiai and Miss Cuninghame. In these parts of France, it has hitherto been practically impossible to duseminate protestant Bibles, because tho hawkers, who alone sup ply the majority of country people with books, knew very well that the sale of them would, under one pretext or another, entail the loss of their license. But now that a government stamp is affixed to every publication before it can be lawfully sold by the hawkers, they have nothing to fear so long as they . sell nothing unstamped. The govern ' went mark is a conclusive certificate, and it being impossible for the government to stigmatise the Bible as a bad book, protestant Bibles are now sell ing freely in priest-ridden Brittany and many other places were such things were scarely known. The Emperor and Empress arrived at Compi4ne yesterday, at a little before 5 o'clock. ' I Count Bacciochi has returned to Paris from his mission to Stutgardt. PARIS, FRIDAY EVEITINO. Considerable sensation has been occasioned to-day by the receipt of a telegraphic despatch from Vienna of the 13th announcing that the Emperor of Austria bad actually issued a decree for reducing his army by means of furloughs upon a vast scale. This is thought to be a conclusive proof that Austria will stand neutral in the coming conflict between Russia and Turkey, and to show that the war is not in any event likely to become general. This despatch was the principal cause assigned for the considerable rise which took place at the Bourse to-day. Thel hrees improved 00c., and, with few exceptions, the railways closed at much better prices. It is right to say, however, that very serious and well-founded doubts are entertained whether aoy real reduction is about to be made in the Austrian army. The fact has been repeatedly asserted of late, and as often denied. Only yesterday a letter was received from Milan stating that the orders which had been given for the reduction were counter manded in consequence of the serious aspect of foreign affairs. The Patric of to-night, in its " Latest News," says "There is nothing to confirm the recent announcement that Austria is about to reduce the effective of her army," and makes no allusion to the telegraphic despatch of the 13th, as qualifying the weight of the observa tion. The government papers are more warlike than' ever. M. Grimier de Cassagnac has an article in the Cunstitutionnel, headed "Consequences of a War in the East," which sets out with the proposition that war is so nearly certain, that for all purposes of argument the sword must be considered as drawn, in order that the consequences likely to result may be soberly considered. The Pays, hitherto so peaceful, no longer runs counter to the Consfitulionnel, but admits with regret that war is imminent. The pub lic is indeed now reconciled to the prospect, but trusts, we must hope not too presumptuously, that it will be merely local. The legitimist Union says it is enabled by a private letter to confirm the fact (which has been disputed) that Marshal Prince Paskewitsch has been appointed to command the Russian army in tie Principalities. Marshal Paskewitsch had already set out for the Danube, and must by this time have assumed the command. He has a great military reputation, acquired principally in Poland and Persia. The first volume of Dr. Veron's long-announced Memoirs is just out. The title is " Memoires d'un Bourgeois de Paris." It makes a great noise in a certain world, but is sadly overlaid by the Eastern question. An election for a Councillor-General for the Pas de Calais has been set aside by the Prefectorial Council for bribery, treating, and intimidation. This, ' so far as I am aware, is the first instance of malpree. does of this kind having been taken judicial notice of since the restoration of the Bonaparte dynasty, which I date from Dec. 10, 1848. GERMAN Y. AUSTRIA. "Existing circumetanees,' ; sais the German Jour nal of Frankfort, "do not permit the Austrian government to realise its project of reducing the effective of the infantry. Contrary orders have been given by the Minister of War at Vienna." VIENNA, Oct 10. It appears that it was an article upon the late edict restoring Jewish disabilities which led to the seizure of the Lloyd yesterday. The conductor of that journal announces that he will appeal against the seizure, and not receive another subscription to his paper until he knows the law of the ease. There is no doubt that the government has strengthened the opposition in an important degree by the new ;measure. PRUSSIA. Letters from Berlin of the 11th state that because the conference of the Zollverein had rejected the proposition for reducing the import duty on iron, the Prussian government had withdrawn its propo- sition for abating the duty on cereals. ITALY. Queen Mahe, the widow of King Louis Philippe, Ct"through Turin on the 9th, on her way to o: and Nice. Lord Minto pawed through Turin on the Bth, on his way to Florence, where he intends pausing the winter. The Supreme Court of Cessation at Florence has, by a decree of the 3rd, quashed the sentence of the Royal Court of Florence, declaring Mini, Marital, and others guilty of the crime of high treason. The case has been referred to the Royal Court of Lucca. SPAIN. The Espano of the 7th, states that MM. Pacheco and Rios-Roses have not thought proper to accept the judicial functions at the Supreme Court of Jus tice, offered to them by the government. On the 7th Queen Isabella presided over the council of minis ters and gave her approbation to all the measures laid before her. A Madrid letter of the Bth states that the Marquis de Molina, Minister of Marine, has given orders tor the construction of three screw fri gates in the ports of Ferrol and Corunna. The small pox has broken out at Madrid with great virulence. INDIA AND CHINA. THE OVERLAND MAIL. - -.S. party should hold itself at liberty to k ee p a l oo f from united action because the injr.stioe to be sup pressed did not affect its own ier.nediate interests. And it is quite clear, also, that it any one of the par ties to the anion were to be n' Aowe d by the acqu i es- ; cence of the rest to obtain, a succession of acts of spoliation, a power which. would make him danger ous to the rest, the univn itself would be virtually dissolved, and anarchy must ensue. A condition analogous to this ex i sts in Europe. It has its de fects, but nothing b etter has been suggested to sup ply its place. P.s very essence consists in the so ciety not allowing any one of its mem bers to become by unfair means so pow erful u to threaten the existence of the whole. If Russia is allowed to occupy the whole of the western boundary of Eu rope with the two great inland seas at the extreme ends of the boundary line, a few years would increase her power to a degree that would render it next to impossible that any combination of states should make head against her encroachments on the rest of Europe. This is putting the argument in favour of preventing Russia from executing her purpose against Turkey on the lowest possible grounds, those of interest, but the argument thus put is un assailable. In the Millenium a different condition of e;-- may exist; but until we approxi mate more closely to that state than at present, our best law for the preservation of peace will be that the strong shall coerce the unjust. We hate war as heartily as any ono can do, but we can never admit that the way to avoid the horrors of warfare is to become helpless by disarmament. The wolf does not fall upon the strong-limbed lion— nor the hawk upon the vigorous eagle. Tho one eats at his leisure the helpless lamb, whilst the other pounces on " peaceful doves." To be helpless is to be in danger. LATEST FROM TIIE CONTINENT. AUSTRIA. VIENNA, OCT. 13. We have intelligence from Constantinople of the 6th inst. The Austrian Internuncio had laid the Olmntz propositions before the Sultan, and earnestly pressed their acceptance, but was told that it was too late. The courier had left for Schumla with instruc tions for Omer Pacha. No appeal to the faithful had been made. The Ottoman fleet is ordered to take up a position in the bay to the north of Varna. The Black Sea is to be closed to vessels carrying the Russian flag but to no others. The movement of the money market is still down wards. Five per Cent. Metallic., 00; ; Exchange on London, 10.56; Bank Shares, 1,286. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. BUCHAREST, Ocr. 1. Several families have arrived here from Dzurdzuvti, in the apprehension that that neighbourhood will soon be the theatre of war. Prince Gortschakoff has ordered the construction of 200 cabins, each 120 feet in length, on the Danube, and several thousand mon are now at work thereon. Prince Stirbey has practically withdrawn from the government. There is a rumour that Menchikoff will take his place, but he has not yet made his ap pearance. ITALY. TURIN, OCT. 12. A papal decree suspends the import duty on cereals until February, 1854. SOUTH AMERICAN MAILS. (DT ELZCTILIC TILEGRAPH.) (TROT[ ()DROWN COSIIIMPONDINT.) SOUTHAMPTON, SATuRDAT MORNING. The Tay has just arrived here. Her dates are : Buenos Ayres, Sept. 2; Rio de Janeiro, Sept.l4 ; and Lisbon, Oct. 10. Amongst her passengers is Sir Charles Hotham. Business is dull at Rio. The money market is easy. The National Bank is organised, and Coun cillor I. D. L. Serra has been nominated president by the government. A new ministry has been formed. Exchange on London, 28 to 281. From Buenos Ayres we learn that the govern ment denies the right of Urquiza to enter into the treaty with England, France, and the United States to deprive the provinces of Buenos Ayrea of the Wand of Martin Garcia, as a guarantee for the free navigation of the rivers of Parana and Uruguay. Business is active at Buenos Ayres. The rural districts are pacific. The army has been reduced. The Legislative Chamber is in recess. Exchange on London, 66e. to 665. 6d. per ounce. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. --41. The French papers publish a telegraphic despatch, received from Trieste, g►ving the following as news from Constantinople, but w►thout date :—" The de claration of war is approved of by an imperial pub lication. A new levy of 150,000 men has been ordered. The Russian functionaries remaining in Turkey are preparing to depart. The declaration of war states that the navigation of the Danube and of the Black flea will remain open to neutral flags." Except that the Trieste message makes the levy 150,000 instead of 80,000 the more probable number, this news does not differ from the despatches of the 29th oIL and Ist inst. A private letter from St. Petersburg of the 4th states that the news of the resolve of France and England to send their fleets to the Dardanelles, and that four frigates bid already appeared before Con stantinople, had very much damped the militant ardour of the people. The Croustadt fleet would be safely blocked in by the ice, but alarm was felt for that in the Black Sea. The reports of diplomatic victories gained by Russia over Persia were false. Thu Shah was eertainly not strengthening his army out of friendship for the Czar, but probably at the instiga tion of the Western Powers. Orders have been issued that no passport shall be given under any cir cumstances to young men under 20 years of age. Persons whose affairs do not call them abroad are not to have passports if they are under 25 years of age. A private letter, dated Vienna, October 10, states that the English embassy there had received despatches from Constantinople of the Ist, stating that although the declaration of war had not been published at that date, it was signed, and the mes senger bearing the summons to Prince Gortschakoff was to leave that day. It was expected that five days would be occupied in the journey to the Rus sian headquarters, in which case the fortnight's delay would expire on the 20th. The writer of this letter states absolutely that the expectation of Prince Menchikoff's appointment to the government of the Principalities is illusory. A correspondent from the banks of the Danube writing on the 18th of September, gives the follow ing details respecting the Russian flotilla at Ismail. The first division of gun-boats sailed on the 12th, to exercise on the river, but the state of the Druid*, and the unsteadiness of the winds, and particularly the want of steamboats, prevented them from ascend ing to Galatz, as their commander, Captain Sistreti, had been directed to do. This flotilla is conse quently regarded as a failure, being unable to act on the Upper Danube. ISWARMS OF FLIES.—For several days past the atmosphere ku been infested by myriads or small flits, with black bodies of about the site of midge', awl wings mere than doable the length of their bodies. The clouds oft hese creatures hare already attracted attention for some mil ks in different parts of the country, chiefly on the east coast.—.Oreenock Adeortimr. Lieutenant P. M. Godfrey, RN., has been ap pointed Admiralty Agent en the Southampton station. THE MEDITERRANEAN, MALTA, Ocr. 10. October 5, at 11 p.m., Fury arrived from the fleet wi'h drspatches. She proceeded to Marseilles, at 2 a.m., without cooling. The Triton, which was conveying the despatch broke her conneving shaft, and is now being tqwed to Malta by the Ardent. H.M.S. Caradec arrived from Besika on the Bth, having on board Lady Dundee. The vessel war docked imme diately, and will be ready to take up the mails of th e Bth from London, which will arrive here on the 12th or 13th. Health of the flat improving, but still a good deal of fever and ague, the water they drink being very brackish end unwholesome. Corn and freights keep up a high price. A Fre•ch company have opened a steam commanicatien between the northern Least of Africa, Malta, and Marseilles, • line long been wanting, and which will open a large market for French manufactures. The French are etesdily increasing their steamers in these parts, and they do it well, though nut an efficiently as the Peninsular end Oriental Company. Triton arrived this morning in tow of the Ardent. THE AMERICAN EXPEDITION TO JAPAN. Commodore Perry's squadron, to which public attention has been directed for some two years past, hes returned from Japan. The result has been satis factory, although it has been unaccompanied by the warlike demonstration so much talked of in the Ame rican journals. The commodore presented his cre dentials to a proper officer in the neighbourhood of Jeddo, and intimated that he would return in the spring of the year for an answer to tho request of the United States government. SCINDE. From Kurrachee we have advice. to the 3rd inst., but they are barren of events of interest. The weather was far from unpleasant, yet a considerable amount of sickness, in the shape of fever and catarrh had made its appearance—all attributed by the na tives to the comet, which had disappeared on the Ist inst., but more likely caused by the rapid fall of the Indus and its canals. The Queen steam frigate, on her way to the Persian Gulf, bad called at Kurrachee on the let inst., and landed her mail, proceeding on her voyage without dropping anchor. The river steamer Meanee had gone up to Hyderabad with treasure, the Planet to Mooltan with cargo and pas senger'', and the Meteor to Kotree to refit. The crops throughout the districts were generally in good condition, and gave promise of fruitful harvests. The Khan of Keylat and Jam of hieyla are said at length to have become reconciled. AFFGHANISTAN. The latest news from this quarter is contained in the annexed extract from the Le /ti Gazette of the 31st ultimo, which states that Accounts have bees received from Cabul mentioning that Shah Jan Khan, son of the Aunt., is engaged in a war with the Ghilmies at Mookur, and that Allah Dad Khan and Mir Dad Kh ie the ambassadors lately despatched to the King of Persia , proceeded to Cabot by the Ila sera road. The result of their embassy has not been made public. There was a rumsur that a Persian agent had ar rived at Candahar, the object of whose visit is said to be to warn the chiefs against failing to act in opposition to the King's orders. THE PUNJAUB. Heavy rain had fallen in several places around Lahore, hut none at that place. The people and troops were in good health, more especially the latter. BUItMAN. Now that our troops have no real tangible enemy to fight with, they seem to be inclined to create one in imagination, and the Bengal papers teem with letters from Burmah regarding preparations said to be in progress for a general onslaught on them. The celebrated Mea-Toon is to be the commander of the force from Ava, and he certainly seems to have been treated with great consideration there by the war party. The ex-Governor of Della is the leader of those inclined for peace, and is strongly backed by the King. When our prisoners were being released they were each presented by the Golden-Footed Monarch with a valuable ruby ring and a gold box valued at about 501. or 601., his Majesty expressing a hope that the English and hie people would long continue on friendly terms. Still the war party aro said to be very strong, and it is possible they may succeed in again lighting the torch of strife. The 18th and 80th foot are to leave the country for England, their place being supplied by the 2nd Bengal Europeans only. General Godwin and Captain Phayre are re ported to have said that two European corps are quite enough to be quartered in Burmah, so it is evident they do not look for any more fighting on a large scale. A report had reached Sir John Cheape of an intended attack OR Proms after the rains, and ho had in consequence brought up the 18th Royal Irish from their encampment ot Shonedoung, eight miles below I'rome. A large town close by had been at tacked by plunderers, with bands of whom the coun try is infested, and four companies of the 67th Native Infantry had been sent to its protection. The I Commissioner, Captain Phayre, had left Ran goon for Prome on the 17th Aug. Major Hill and Dr. Fayrer had received complimentary letters from the Governor-General himself for their services during the war, and offering them respectively the command of the Gwalior Contingent and the Luck now Residency Surgeoncy, in acknowledgment thereof. A portion of the Moozuffer, with the machinery, had been recovered. The barque La belle, 912 tons, J. Peat, commander, had been wrecked xi her way from Akyab, bound to Fal mouth—chief mate and a seaman drowned. The wreck had been sold for 2601. ; she was laden with rice. Three officers of the 2nd Bengal E. Fusiliers, at Maulmain, were under arrest for having beaten and illtreated a liquor merchant. An attempt made to discover a passage from the Irrawaddy in the Sitang river had failed. Immense supplies of rice had arrived at Rangoon, from Calcutta, and the price had fallen to 12a. per bag, much to the joy of the poorer inhabitants. The troops generally at all the stations were enjoying good health, and the weather was, on the whole, pleasant. The following is the farewell order issued by General Godwin when leaving Burmah. It speaks well for all parties, and will be read with great pleasure, I feel assured: The bicior-General is about to resign the command of the army—an army that:for'one year and four months has not given the Major-General one hour of trouble or dis quiet, whether in the field or in quarters. Its admirable conduct hu held an even course. It is a singular fact that with troops of three distinct services (of which this force hu been composed), not one collision of Interest has come to the knowledge of the Major-General. Al has been harmony; and the good of the service, in which the force has been employed, has been the prevailing and first consideration of the combined whole. Such creditable bearing ;must increase the painful feeling of the Major-General iu leaving so excellent a force, from which he has never been absent a single day. 1 Sharing as he has done in its triumphs in the field, and living with it in its quarters, he does not consider what he ' is now addressing to them so much in the light of a fare well order as of a testimony of the warmest feelings towards his brother soldiers. The Major-General has to warmly acknowledge the services of those officers in the various departments by which he has been supported and the army taken care of. The Major-General's personal staff well know the estimation in which they are held by him. Cap tain Burn, his Military Secretary, has given him valuable assistance, and his aides-de-samp, Lieutenant Chads and Ensign Austin, may rest assured of the deep interest he will ever take in them.—fienyal liurlcans, August 26. CHINA. PROGRESS OF THE REBELLION. HONO KONG, Avousv 23. At the date of the despatch of the last steamer, we were in a perplexity anent the rebels and rebellion, owing to the non-arrival of the usual steamer from Shanghai, which vessel reached here on the 13th inst. with late advises from the northward. So tar as the progress of the Nankin insurgents are eon cerned, the late arrival adds little to our previous ' information, and the best informed parties at Shang hai write, that no reliable information had reached that city beyond the fact that considerable bodies of the insurgents had quitted Nankin ; their movements were matter of mere conjecture, but it was undisputed that they were in high spirits, in full possession of Nankin, and bad very strongly fortified that position. It is certain, however, that the main army of the in surgents has advanced northwards towards P e ki n and the imperial Gazette admits that it has defeated the Testy troops from Manchooria, which were en countered a short distance from Nankin. it Wl% very generally rumoured that the insurgents nould not lie able to meet the northern Tartars, but there app ears to be little doubt entertained that they have deloat e d them, and advanced so rapidly northward that the accounts are vague. It is ruineurrd, and very gene rally believed, that Pekin has been taken. The ac counts received on this subject are not only vag ue but conflicting. Some letters received from Shanghai state that accounts had reached from l'ekin of th e arrival at that place, so long ago as the 13th J. of the first division of the Mongolian or Northern' "Tartar army, and that the grand struggle far the mastery of Pekin had not commenced. Another fortnight will probably place th e matter beyond all doubt. If Pekin had not fallen at the date of the last received ' advices there eau scarcely be a doubt ea. tcrtained that the meeting of the insurgent and Mongolian forces near Pekin will determine the fate of this vast empire, by either the repulse and destruction of the insurgents, or their triumph over the imperial army. As far as we are correctly informed, it is certain that the insurgents have not lost ground ; on the I contrary, they are acquiring constant accessions, and town after town submits to the sway of the rival dynasty. Since the date of my last letter reliable information had reached Shanghai of the fall of Kai. Rano; and Fooug-yang, the former being the capital of the Henan province, and the latter the capital of the Ganwhy province. It is also stated Out they possess undisputed sway over the count:, near the Poyang Lake, in Kiangsi, and thus continatid the control over the whole tea districts. It is not ex pected, however, that any interruption will be offered to the cultivation or exportation of teas. From Amoy, late but very unsatisfactory accounts have been received, and there appears to be little hope entertained of any change for the better or the re-establishment of trade. The rebels et iil remain ia possession of the island, and keep up frequent skir mishes with the Imperial forces ; but these latter do not evince any disposition to determine hostilities by hard fighting. In the meantime the rebels receive daily accessions to their numbers by square rigged vessels and junks from Singapore and Penang, with L supplies of money and ammunition, and thus threaten a very protracted and desultory warfare. BOMBAY POSTAL, ARRANGEMENTS. On the 3rd of September a meeting, attended by the great majority of the European residents of the Presi dency (exclusive of the services), and by a large number of Parsec an l other native gentlemen, was held at the Town Hall, Bumbay, to take into consideration the defective ar rangements of the overland mail comtnueication with Europe, and to devise means fur their improvesnent. A number of resolutions were proposed, and wt.rc abided with perfect unanimity. DINNER TO GENERAL GODWIN AT RAN. - - - GOON. ---- The dinner took place on Tuesday the 2d August, in the mess house of the Bengal Fusiliers. A marquee was pitched in front for the reception of the gent rot and his suite, opposite which was a guard of honour tram the Fusiliers, and the band of th.it regiment to receive the gallant officer with the usual honours on his arrival. ]le made hie appearance punctually at hall-p.oit 7 o'clock, when the guard "presented arms " and the hand struck up " See the conquering hero comes." About eights sat down to dinner. Dinntr being over, the health of tho distinguished gout of the evening was proposed by the chairman, Genera STEEL, C.B. General GODWIN, in returning thanks, said—Ths painful feeling with which I resign the command of that army has been much increased from the fact, that it has never given me an hour of trouble or disquietude. lam aware that my cmduct during the whole war has been censured both in England and in India, bus it falls harmless. The war, it is true, has not concluded with the spirit with which it com menced, but my detente is that I could not go on without orders, though I knew the army I hnd could achieve every thing. (Tremendous cheering.) I have acted throughout :.ccording to orders received from the Governor-General of India, and he received instructions from the home govern ment. The general resumed his sent amidst great cheering, but shortly rose again and said he ought not to hcve omitted to propose the health of one to whom the country had already been much indebted, and to whom it would be much more so—he referred to the Governor-General's agent, Captain Phayre. Captain PRATRE having acknowledged the compliment paid to him, continues! to say—l believe it is frequently asserted in England that the British empire in the Eut rests upon opinion. 1 cannot assent to tin. dictum. The empire has been won by the sword, and by the sword it must be maintained. If this be true as regard. India, how much more so as regards Burmab, as regards Pegu ? where we have no treaty, and where the former sovereign has refused to transfer to us his right cf dominion. (Applause.) It will ever be to me a source ut pleasure to remember that I have been associated with our distinguiirlii d guest, General Godwin, in the commission for the conclu sion of atreaty of peace. (Applause.) We know that General Godwin, wherever he may he, whether in India or his native land, will regard the' country with intermit and affection ; that he will anxiously look to its progress, and knowing this, our labour will be cheered, ann we shall continually he incited to fresh exertions. (Great applause.) General Cionwtrit next proposed the health of General Steel, who returned thanks. Captain SPARKS next rose, and proposed "The Army of Burmah," which was responded to with enthusiasm. Several other toasts having been given, the En neral and most of his staff retired, the whole company rising and cheering him as he left, and the band playing " Auld Ling Syne." THE MURDER ON BOARD THE ARHATOON APCAR. A coroner's inquest was held on board the Arratoon Apcar in the afternoon of Saturday, the 6th instant, on the body of Captain Lovett, and was not con cluded on the departure of the mail; but the only verdict that can be looked for will be wilful murder against the Chinese part of the crew and the two passengers mentioned in the extra issued from this office shortly after the cata strophe became known. Investigation has not served to elicit any facts tending to set matters in a much clearer light than when the last mail left, and it is, we think, pre mature to say that alt who are missing were killed, it being quite possible that Mr. Smith, at least, was able to swim to one of the numerous fishing-boats said to have been sailing about at no great distance from the Aeration Apcar when the attack was made. According to the evidence of the most intelligent of the witnesses, Augustin M. de Gams, the Scacunnie at the wheel when the ssfault com menced, Captain Lovett visited the deck twice after the commencement of the middle watch, and had not been long below when the Chinese made a rush on the second mate, Mr. Woodburn (the gentleman mentioned in our No. 24 of the 23rd March last, as the second mate of the British ship Clyde, upon whom the seamen of that ship made a murderous assault). Shortly after Mr. Woodburn was dragged off the raised quarter deck, crying out, "Oh Gad ! Uh God !" apparently se verely cut and wounded by the assailants. Mr. Smith scrambled on deck from the stern-port, and was standing by the deponent when, seeing two Chinese coming towards them, they both fled—Mr. Smith jumping overboard—the Seacunnie up the rigging, where he remained until the Chinese left the vessel iu the captain's gig. (The scoun drels cut the starboard quarter boat adrift, to prevent any one leaving the vessel beside themselves.) This witness also furnished some further particulars about Captain Lovett, who, after he came un deck, appeared bewildered and taint from low of blood, begging them W take him for ward, and not allow the Chinese to murder him. He had strength enough, however, to tell them to steer N.N.W., which he said would bring them to the land somewhere China China Mail. MILITARY INTELLIGENCE. 1/CW.OI:OHS - 0 - 11.11 - N - TE - 1) -- 1 7 0 OYFICEMD . BCC., SINCE DEM. THE INSURRECTION IN CHINA. We have received our journals and despatches in anticipation of the overland maiL The dates are:— Bombay, Sept. 12 ; Calcutta, August 27; and Hong Kong, August 23. The letter of our Bombay corres pondent is as follows : BOMBAY, SSP? 12. The mail starts this morning at noon, five days before the usual date, the vessel conveying it being one of the Honourable Company's magnificent steam frigates, which will tumble across to Aden perhaps in a fortnight, or at the rate of four miles an hour ! The Auckland is the slowest of all the slow coaches we have, and furnishes a capital proof of the truth of the statements made at the public meeting which took place on the 4th inst. in reference to the wretchedness of our mail arrangements. 'l'he said meeting was numerously attended. Mr. John Smith, of the firm of W. Nicol and Co., was in the chair, and delivered a masterly speech on the occasion, the only fault of it being, as stated by another speaker, that it left little or nothing for any one else to say ! Several gentlemen spoke at the meeting with the happiest effect, and it was resolved to address a memorial to the Lords Commissioners of her Majesty's Treasury, praying for immediate reform in mail arrangements, to prepare which Messrs. B. Willis, J. Smith, J. Berkiev, and H. Gilmour, were elected a committee. It is pro bable the memorial will go home by next mail, bear ing the signature of the entire community of the presidency who have any correspondence at all with the mother country. The state is believed to pay upwards of 100,0001 for the conveyance of our mails, whereas the work could be infinitely better done for half the sum by private parties willing to undertake it. Lord Falkland continues at Dapoorie, in the enjoyment of good health, at any rate if not a quiet mind. His lordship is every now and then favoured by the press with a reminder of his sins both of omission and commission, but seems to take things very philosophically. Colonel Melvill, the military secretary, goes homes shortly—and Mr. Luard is said to have applied for a commission to hear his evidence on sundry scatters before he leaves—poor man, he probably hopes his request may be complied with. Most people here think Messrs. Grant and Le Geyt have every chance of being restored to their position in the Sudder Adawlut, and Mrs. Caroline Le Geyt's letter to the Times in defence of her absenthusbaud, bin been applauded throughout the community. Lord Frederick Fitzclarence has been on a visit to Seroor to inspect the Poona Irregular Horse there stationed, as well as to select a site for the great mi litary encampment to be formed on the 25th Novem ber next, somewhere in the neighbourhood of Poona. The troops to form the army of exercise I have already named to you some few mouths back; they are to remain in camp for one mouth only. The activity of the chief seems to be greatly disrelished by a few of the gentle man affected by it—but by the overwhelming majority of the officers he is assisted with the utmost cordiality and good will. Colonel 1). Davidson, Commissary General, goes either to Egypt or Eng land immediately ; Major Pope, now at the Neilgher ries on sick leave, will of course regain his health the moment he hears this, and return to his duty, and act for Colonel Davidson during his absence, receiv ing half his staff salary. In my last I did not mention the death of Lieutenant C. W. Barr (son of General 1). Barr), superintendent of police at Surat, which occurred on the 13th of August. Major Ottley, of the invalids, has been fully acquitted by the court before which he was tried at the Neilgher ries, and the members have all returned to their duty, after an absence of six months. A pretty penny this court-martial must have cost the government. Major Legrand Jacob, political agent in Catch, has been alarmingly ill, but has been pronounced out of danger. Mr. George Hancock, attorney, be ing about to proceed home, has resigned his offices as clerk to her Majesty's Justices of the Peace and Board of Conservancy, and been succeeded by Mr. C. F. Collier, also an attorney of the Supreme Court. General Staveley's appoint ment to the command of the Madras army is said to have been officially announced. During his com mand of the Poona division, and temporary com mand of the Bombay army, he has been universally liked and esteemed, and a better commander-in-chief the Madrassees need not wish for. The convert Balaram Gun put, whose death from poison I men tioned in my last, was, it seems, buried in a Christian cemetery, as the ceremony of circumcision had not been performed on him, and he was not, therefore, looked on as a Mahomedan. The poor man's mind had been unsettled for some time before he left the Mission-house, and took up his abode in the Maho• medan mosque. Colonel James Outram has by this time reached Calcutta • the ltajpootana agency will, it is expected, be confe rred on him, unless, as some imagine, he prefers being sent north to watch certain machina tions reported to be in operation not likely to prove of benefit to our empire in India, if allowed to make head uninterrupted by counter-influence. Wo have had close on 70 inches of rain, and may have a few more yet, but the monsoon may be said to have closed. Trade has . again opened, aid a tolerably good amount of business has been done in imports. Rates of freight have fallen to 21. 15s. to 21. 17s. 6d. to Liverpool ; there aro no vessels on the berth for London. Exchange is at 2s. 14d., 6 months for credit bills. The money market continues easy. The weather is warm when rain is not falling, and there seems to be rather a large amount of sickness pre vailing amongst the inhabitants. MADRAS. The appointment of General W. Staveley to the command of the Madras army seems to have given much satisfaction : Sir R. Armstrong's departure is at the same time much regretted. Nothing is said of the probable date of Sir 11. Pottinger's relinquish ing the reins of government: somehow or other, Sir Henry never has had the goodwill of the Madras I press, but he certainly does not appear to have been I unpopular ;with the services. The grant of 6001. a year to certain Hindoo temples near Madras has been discontinued : 1,8001. a year are said to be allowed to the temples on the hill of Parbhuttee in Poona—why should this be continued when similar grants at Madras have been abolished? The postage on newspapers throughout India is to be one anna: were all the sums granted to the Hindoo and other temples discontinued, the reduction in the revenue by the decrease of poetages would be more than made up for. BENGAL AND THE NORTH-WEST PROVINCES. Lord Dalhousie continues at Calcutta, and has for the present given up his intention of proceed ing to Burmah, if he ever had any such. General Godwin was about to leave to assume command of his division : the gallant officer will not, it is said, remain much longer in India, but will return home by way of the Indus and Bombay. Colonel Lowe, CB., resident at the Nizam's coart, was about to leave Hyderabad to take his seat at the council table, and had delivered over charge of the resi dency to Major Davidson as a temporary measure till the arrival of Mr. Bushby. Sir James Thomp son, K.C.8., died suddenly on the 25th ult. of apo plexy, having been struck down by this disease while at l'is duty in the Medical Board Office. Sir James was Physician-General, and had seen service in Java, Affghanistan, Assam, China, and in the first Burmese war. He was mayoralty beloved, and his sudden death had cast a deep gloom over society at large. His death brings Superintending Surgeon Clapperton into the board, and gives Senior Surgeon Forsyth a superintending surgeacy. The Bengal Chamber of Commerce is said to be in a very flourishing state : it numbers 100 members, and its income was snarly 1,6001. per annum. Sir W. Gomm has called on all command ing officers of her Majesty's regiments for the names of a field officer, two captains, and three subalterns, fit for employment either in the public works or Surveyor-General's department. It is now generally reported that the uniform newspaper post age in India is to be a penny-halfpenny, and letter postage a penny. For this great boon the Indian community are indebted to Lord Dalhousie and Mr. John Marshman. The value of the indigo saved from the wreck of the ship City of Poona was 17,000/. Salvage to the extent of 2,6001. was claimed by the captain and crew of the small steamer which rescued the property, bat the amount granted by the Supreme ' Court was 380/. to the owners, 1001. to the cowman der, 73 1 . to the fit at officer, 2/. each to the lascars, 21. 10s. to the Sookhanees, and 3/. to the Serang—or in all probability 4231., or one-sixth the amount claimed. Mr. John Colvin will succeed Mr. Lewis; in the Supreme Council in December next. Major , Gordon's regiment of Loodhiana is to relieve Arm-1 strong's 4th Seikh infantry in Burmah. Throughout ! the north-west provinces the want of rain was much felt up to end of August, when copious showers fell in many parte. The comet was vi- 1 sible at several stations, and was looked on with much alarm by the natives. Brigadier G. Brooke, C. 11., had left Umballa for Simla on a visit to Lady and Sir W. Gomm, after which he was to repair to Ilum Dum as commandant of the whole of the Bengal artillery—an office similar to that of Master General of Ordnance in the royal service. Dr. St. John had been ill at Umballa, but was recovering. The Delhi Gazette of 31st August says: The rumours so often rife about the removal of the quar ters of the artillery to Meerut are about to be vs rifled. A committee is now assembled at that station fee the purpose of selecting suitable buildings fur the school of instruction and quarters for officers and men. This is more like a removal than anything we have heard of any time these three years. Of the advisability of this step there need not be anything said at prey nt further than that it must be plain to all, that the north-west has lung been the proper place for the artillery head-quarters; the only marvel is that the order bas not long since passed council. TILE NIZAM'S DOMINIONS afford nothing worthy of mention by this mail, ex cept the temporary assumption of office as Resident by Major Davidson until the arrival of Colonel Lowe's successor, Mr. Bushley. The usual amount of correspondence, such as it was, from the Nizain's capital has not made its appearance during the past fortnight, and its want is no loss, for a large pro portion of it always seemed to me to be downright rut, written by paid contributors merely because they were obliged to do something for their salary. TUBE OP LAST NAIL. Has MAJESTY'S TROOTS.—Major J. C. Brook, 8 6 / 1 Foot ; Lieut. W. Bell, 64th Foot ; Assist.-Surg. J. Dunlop, 32nd Foot; Capt. Kelsall, 63rd Foot. BOMBAY.—Capt. E. Fitzgerald, 12th Regt. N. I. ; A. B. Rathborne, 24th, N. L ; Capt. E. H. Simpson, 2nd Light Cavalry. MADEAS.—Lieut. A. R. Clephane, 24th Resit. N. First Lieut. W. C. F. Gosling, Artillery ; Lieut. U. der, 22nd N. I. ; Lieut. S. W. Lennox, 23rd N 1, ; Se cond Lieut. It. S. Sankey, Engineers. Basalt.—Capt. F. Johnston, 62nd Regt. N. 1. (Aus tralia and New Zealand) ; Lieut. J. V. V. M•Dowell, 2nd Light Cavalry ; Asaist.-Surg. H. M. Wltherson ; Second Lieut. 1). J. Welsh, Artillery (Australia). DEATH/I. Lieut. C. W. Barr, 20th N., 1., Superintendent of Police at Surat, Aug. 13. Second Lieut. J. F. Wing, Ist Madras Fusiliers, at 1;;n• goon, July 21. Lieut. J. P. Quill, her Majesty's 52nd Foot, at CSkE663, Aug. 25. Sir James Thompson, Physician, Gensral,li. igal Army, of apoplexy, at Calcutta, Aug. 25. Capt. G. K. Bell, Bombay Invalids, in Europ. , July .!• COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. BOMBAY, San. 11. SU,ce our last report mot descriptions of geverument woe:tics have fallen iu price, and we quote accordingly con , iderable sales on all descriptions at the reduced sees. The greatest depression has been in 6 per cent. paper, *lnn)" has bean sold to some extent at 103} to 1031 pc c, 131 . 'n bank shares there has been little doing, except in Bank of Bombay Stock, which has advanced to 38 per cent. prem. Money_ continues abundant In all quarters- Bu!licn and Mexican dollars base sold freely for the China market at advanced rates. _ _ Since the date of our last market report there hap been cons:derable fall of rain, which continues at intervals, sad 4,1..., libbw