The Express. — London, England, 1848-06-15 00:00:00

...------- Mr. FIRLIIRR thought there would be great cruets; In supplanting the claims of India to protection atter the in vestment of BO much capital M that country—investment, •ene, which had been made on the faith of acts of parliament. D should be considered that India supported her own army an d navy, and that England made her support all the hoidens of war. Having ruined the cotton and sugar culti vation of India they should take care that they did not ruin the country altogether. Mr. &MAHAN Paid that until latel the sugar of the East ha I been excluded from the ho y me mat bet in favour Indies of other interests, but when the market of En land was g opened to them the value of the sugar imported rose from 168,0001. in 1836 to 1,4e3.0401. in 1817. There was no other instance of such a rapid increase to be found in any other article of commerce. Last year Indio supplimi a quarter of the sugar i unstinted in England—(bear, hear)—and in a short time she would be ;Otte to supply tile entire home con sumption, if toe prosp. eta of the sugar trod° went not rendered PO uneettain by the vacillating policy of the ministry here with :merit to that staple article. (Hear.) IT MIA no time to cripple India when she was threatened with competition on the pert of China. Ile would not enter into the circumstances why India, with her great resources, wee not able to compete with other countries. It wa• enough that the fact was so. as was shown br the evidence of the most extensive sugar grower in India. given before the committee of ths MOM of Commons. He stated that one year he lost 70,0001., and that the cultivati n of sugar could not be carried on, ,f under present circumstances it wits int- We to compete with thu slave-growing countries. He cUr.Strahan), therefore, thought it quite proper that a • ntiel duty of 10e. for six years should be imposed in s i.. order to afford a fair field for trying the great question as to the comparative produnive p men et fresegrovrine countries and stave-growing countries. It was fair also that those who had invested capita to a large amount in the cultivnion of sugar in India, u Ace the faith of legislative enactntents, should look for protection for some time to come. And for what rival interests were they mites to abendon their owl cola . ties? For the slave-growing countries of Cuba and Beezil Hit was supposed that by anything they would do Cone countries would be propane. el, and that they would abandon the slave trade, they were greatly mistaken. They might be quite sere that those countries would do evirything to mein. tain the slave trade. (Hear, hear.) Could those countries purchase the m mune:tuns of this country to a greater extent thin their own celoniee 1 But even if they could, would It be right to purchase, be elute it seas a hal'perny a pound cheaper, the produce of countries the manufecturo of which was attended with evils that had become tae masts of two continents, and in flicted upon Africa calamities which humanity shuddered at. (11 , ar, hear.) He contended that a great stimulus had been given to the slave trade by the act of 1846, and that but fur that act the 1114,0 trade would hare become extinct of itself, in consequence of the great and growing increase in the sugar production of the East Indies. They had here the fairest prospect of a It gitimate trade, which might be c I need on with advantage to the labourer of India ant the British tnerchano which was ,hreateued with utter ruin in order to teeter a trade with countries that were the means of carrying desolation into one of the fewest portions of the earth, and in order that the consumers in this country might have sugar • few farthings a pound cheaper. (Hear, he a.) Ile begged to conclude by expressing his entire coneurreace in the resolution. Mr. Aldermen SALOMONt+ said that he fill bound to sup port the resolution—(dear, heart—became' he thmeht that a ' , reek , ease hail he. it wade out in favour of India, and it seemed to him that that was the ground on which the matter had been argued there. With regard to the West Indio., there could be little doubt that they had been shamefully and cruelly treated. (Hear, hear.) They were placed under restrictions with respect to labour, and they were told that they must compete with those who were under no such re strictions. Was it fair or right, he would ask, to manacle s man and then to expect from him the same amount of labour that might be got from a man perfecuy free 1 Tore was no doubt that too ally and emelt-4 , 4y they were entitled to the relief which they asked for from the legislature. Wit retard to tho Rest Indies, they steed on special grounds, as he said before. They ought to hesitate a long time hetore they put in *merely any branch of British trade and commerce, but mere paitieularly one which had been eneturested by the legislature itself. (Hear, hear.) Was there anythinz unfair in asking, when it wos proved th at they eculd not comets with slave growing countries, for some indulgence ? (Hear.) Those who invested capital in the cultivation anemic ill India at a great sacrifice had a claim en the consideration of partite ent. They did not stand on termed equality with the alave.rtrowine countries, and on no principles of tire trade ought they to he shut out from justice. Ile consiiere d the present case was an excep tion to the ordinary principles of tree trade, mid he should therefore vcre for the ri solution. Mr. GUTHRIR read the protest of Earl Stanhope Lord Denman, toe Bishop o Oxtorl, and other peers, ateamst the bill of 184 0 . and sail that the consequences which they pre dicted from that entangle had been fu:filled to the letter. He believed treat the measure would never have been carried hut that the season 1 r go use shooting bad then commenced. The Cooled:is:tan had now no protectien from home, but the inimbitant- of every other count ry were protected by th. it respective governments Ile cutleidered it a great mis.ortune thereto:* to be =weird with the British colonies. The committee of the House ut Commons had recommended a ditrerentiel duty of 10s. a cwt. against slave-grown surer, which was somsthing less than a halfpenny a pound. That i he coosiderel to Ise a mere act of jostle for it; if the act of 1 , 16, one of the most unjust, illlberal, and cruel acts that ever was passed, was to continue, they would ceme to grow sugar at all. car. PRINSEP thought that the imposition of a differential . duty of 10s. was not only due to British ietsrests on the ground of justice, if it was thought right to preserve those interests at all, but was due also to the interews of humanity and morality. (Hear, heir.) India had been stimulated to cultivate segue by admitting it into this coun try on terms nearly equal to thaws of the favoured West Indies. When that measure passed the price rose 30 and 100 per cent., in cousequence ot the demands from England, and the cultivation of sugar penetrated to Benaret and Rio hileund. Companies were formed; establishments made; the best land of the Gangetic Valley was laid mit under the encouragement of the act of 1831 ; but in a short time, end when the speculations tram Lon don could be scarcely brousht to maturity, another law was promulgated, which it. striated ti e hopes of those who entered into •hese speculations. (Hew, hear.; Ile denied that there was any just grounds for the new law. Whew the act of 1841 passed the Vest India interest were alarmed because of the groat increase in the cultivation el sugar is Ixdia; but the answer was (and lie believed the Wait ladle bnly now admitte • th, justice of that answer) that the people of India had a right, as subjects of the crown, to the benefit of an vet pulsed by the crown. That was a very • different case from the present one, when both the East Indians and the W. at Indians had just grounds of cote plaint against the goterement for giving advantages, to their prejudice, to the alava growing countries of Cuba and Brazil. The principle of the tree trader was that they should buy their articles whi re they were to be hal cheapest. But it should be recollected that they and the slave. producing countries were not on equal terms. If all parties were loft free what would it be but a question of who could extract most labour at the cheapest cost of food. It would be a contest who was the hardest and most ctuel taskmaster. They were not prepared to enter into this contest, and therefore it was that they osked for pro tection as against those who treated man es a beast, and made his labour as available as it could be made by the employment of force. The CHAIRMAN pat the resolution, which was carried with only one dissentient voice. Mr. AR/t THNOT then banded in the draft of a petition to be presented to the House of Commons. The petition was read at lenzth, and was, as usual, but an echo of the resolution already adopted by the court. The CHAIRMAS, hows e.o, r •peated that the petition con tained no objectionable matter; and that the Court of Directors were not only prepared to adopt it, but to use every effort in their power to carry it out. Mr. Alderman Seeostoos suggested thatit would he well to omit from the petition the assertion that sugar could not be now cultiva•ed in the Bout Indies at a less cost than 225. per cwt. This, he feared, was a statement which might be questioned in the House of Commons. A DIRECTOR concurred in the view of the alderman, and an amendment to the effect of striking out this statement was agreed to. The petition to the House of Commons, as thus amended, was unaitiutously . agreed to. The presentation of the petition was then vote I to Mr. nissterman M P., whe in accepting the discharge of that duty, said he not *sly regard. d the bill of 1846 as one of the most iniquitous measures that ever passed the legislature, hut that he would make every exertion in his power to carry out the praier of t:.e petition with which he had been honoured.—The court then adjourned. THE LONDON IHOCESAN BOARD OF EDUCATION. 'ills board held its annnal meeting yrsterday, at 7,', Pall-mall. The Bishop of London in the chair. After prat era, Hi- LORD...HIP SfeA that the prcn'nt was ti.e ninth anni sirs's', meeting of the board, and that there was great cause for thanksgiving at the success which had attended their efforts. The report would state what that success had been during the lest year. The future was the topic which he should say a few words upon. As to the question of educat ing the people, that was now put beyond doubt. There were two considerations which culled for remark, namely, as to funds, and as to the mode of applying those funds to the edu cation of the poor. With respect to the education of the people at large, though there was great reason for imputing Llama to the Christian community for the neglect which had marked this important duty in past years; yet, during the last twenty-five years there were grounds foe self gratula tion, in all humility, for the progress that had been made by the National School Society and their own body in diffusing Christian principles and knowledge amongst the poor. Formerly great obstructions wire placed in the way of education for the working classes, on account of fe►rs lest it should tend to render property insecure; but these (ears had been removed, end the obstructions with them. His reverend brethren were fully aware of the dread ful state of those who lived in the courts and alleys of the metropolis, and of the necessity for taking steps [ to educate them. Much gratitude was due to the govern ment for what it had done in this respect, but the govern ment could not do all. What parliament consented to do was to fill up the measure of private charity, and it rested with his reverend brethren to continue their efforts to raise funds. For that purpose it was their duty to get up local societies in order to stimulate the charity and benevolence of private individuals to promote this most important Week. The London Diocesan Board had claims superior to all other districts on this score, for in their district the numbers of objects calling for the aid of the board most abounded. Ho felt for all the , e reasons the greatest respect and interest in the schools recently estahlhhed under the name of ragged szheols. He was meet anxious to bring these schools within the ie me of the London Damesan Board, and the resale would be stated in the report. They bad not been quite so successful as might have been hoped in respect to procuring funds, but he hoped that the result of the united effete of the clergy of ris diocese would be to incense the means of affording church of England education. It was, he believed, to the exertions of the clergy, as well as of the laity, of the church that, under God, was to be expected the ameliora tion of the people, and not to coercive !ewe—(hear, hear) — and he trusted that this important truth well duly im pressed on the minds of all who heard hits-. (Hear.) Mr. Br ROM, the secretary, then read the report, which stated That the altered eircuusstanees of the times had in duced the board to turn its attention to objects somewhat different to those which originally constituted the base of its operations. The board, however. still remained the medium of communication on all subjects connected with church school., hut that it restricted its opt rations to the two arch. deaconries of London and Middlesex. The system of pupil teachers and that of apprenticeship adopted by the govern ment had proved very successful. The number of young immune brought forward u. der that system see 31, and no instance td unworthy conduct had occurred. The system of apprenticeship ad .pted by the council of education had hew ever :Superseded the pupil system of the diocesan Anent, and the number on their list was now reduced to 10. The value of the services rendered by the children of the Diocesan Board Training &Moils Mill admitted by the g vi rnment inspectors, and by Mr. Cook in his lost rep at. The principal feature of the loot year's operations of the board was to he found in the metropolis fund, the nurposes of which wore—to build new schools in populous districts, to promnte the tormati in of schools, by hiring room, whilst others were building, to aid existing echo tls by tonal! grants of money, and to assist clergymen in astablishittg day or evening schools generally known by the n inns of Ragged Schools. The lends applicable to these important purposes during the last year only amounted to 2,1001., being, however, an increase upon their fund of the previous year, which was I,fet4l. The committee were using every endeavour to stimulate private charity to contribute to this fund, and they had hopes that in future they would he able to contribute more lorgely to the various schools which required assistance. The board had already granted 3.101. towards building new schools, and thereby providing for the education of upwards of 1,700 children. The board was prepared to make grants, not ex Deeding .11., to needy schools, for the purpese of buying nee I ful books and school materials, and these grants wood entitle the recipients to one of double the amount from the Gov.ritinent Committee of Education. The funds in hand amounted to 1,790/., which would be accounted for when all the donations had been paid in, but utileas that amount was to be increased the operations of the h lord would he greatly emu. stead. The report con eluded by impressing the necessity for vigorous exertions in stimulating private t harity to swell the amount of the fends on the part of the clergy of the two a chd.aconrit s, red it expressed a grateful sent. of the efforts which had marked the eight year: duration of the society.' The Rev. J. J eatstisos moved that the report just read be adopted and printed. The Rev. Mr. JACKSON seconded the mt tion. The Rev. J. Cemititett. moved the second resolution, as (elide": . . . -......- That am the objecta for which the Metropolis Schools Fund wa. cr. tabltsheil atilt call tor the mast strenuou. exertioro of every mend., at the church, especially with a view of taking advantage 01 the utter of uk.h.tur.ce made by government. 1: is highly necessary that every endeavour be mane to increase that fund, and en.ible the committee to meet the nutuelous ..pol.cationa for add tu tduaaling pour children in London. The Hon. and Rev. M. VILLIEgt seconded the randu tion, which was carried unanimously. A question having been robed as to the expediency of corn. pelting the teach. rs in ragged sch.e.ls to adopt the Church of England Catechism in their metros of tesehing before any grant of money in aid of those schools could be made by the London Diocesan Board, The Bi=hop of Lostuost said that tho propriety of intro ducing the Church Catichism into the ragged sch,.ols must be left entirely to the jtidgmeat of the parochial clergy in the parishes where aid wassolieited from the board on behalf of ragged schools. It the Church Catechism was to be m►de the sine quet non of receiving instruction in the ragged schools, his lordship said he teased few would seek for in struction therein. The great object of the London Di scesan Board, however, was to train pupils for the ins•ruction of these ragged and other schools for the p ion (Hear. hear.) Lord HAD.TOCK then wooed that auditors he apooiuted, and that the thanks of the meeting be given to the Bebop of London. Mr. GUNN seconded the motion, which was unanimously tarried. The Bishop of LONDON, in expressing his acknowledg ments, said that there was no dut7 mere imp. ra•ise than the one which he fulfilled by presiding over the institution which lout called mom together, and he trusted he should be permitted to continue t • lend his humble assistance in promoting the objects 'which they all had in view. The meeting then separated. TILE BRITISH AND FOREIGN UNITARIAN ASSOCIA- TioN.—Yeeterday at one o'clock the 23rd annual meeting of the suppoiters of the British and Foreign Unitarian Assneia ti,m was held at the chard, Esrx-street. Strand; Alderman Lawrence presiding. The report showed that tie balance in hand laat year was 2131. 2s. 61 , and that it was this year 2421. 2.. S I. This, however, was •object to decluv hum, which made a balance of 31. 10s. 91. against th•• association. hough this wan the Sundial state of the affairs, it was alli god that the associath n wag in a If wishing condition, us the income which was 8311. 17s. emetic t the average of the three pre ceding years by ce re than 231., and the annual subs.•rip tions. which were 6101 13s. 61 • , exceeded the three preceding years by m.re than 121. The additional property consisted of a gilt of 1001., of 1041. 17a. is the Three per Cent. Reduced. and of I,BCOI. 14a. 51. in the Three per Cent. Cone& ; and there was also a fund arising from the tale of books of 4601. The report further congratulated the friends of the mull. two on the progress of Unitarian principles in the provincial towns of Engl►nd and Scotland, in th.. middle and south of France, in Portugal, in Montreal and other parts o' Canada, in the East lonia, among the Brahmins, &c., and stated that, is reference eis the exclusion of weathers of the 11ni teriaa body from admission is the British end le'pretgn School Suitity, the opinion of the Attorairy.oeaeral had Men taken, w►isk was to the effect, that the mares adopted by the school was a violation of the original institution. The reports were 'greet to, effigies were elected for the ensuing year, and the meeting ups. rated, having paned a vote of thanks to the alderman. — In the evening the members and supporter, of the association met to celebrate the occasion, at the Rail of Commerce, Thr, adneedle.s:reet. INQUESTS, YESTERDAT.—'TIE SUPPOSED MURDER ; to BerrEeNCA —Before Mr. W. Carter, at the Albert I Tavern, Dattenea fi.lds, upon the body cf a Mr. C. J. Cheling,[who was found lying on the shore of the River Thames, near to the Albert Tavern, on the morning of Tuesday, the 6th inst., and who, from a subsequent post i stiortem examination, is believed to have been mord. red. The first inquest was reported in our paper of Monday.— Mr. E. Wing, surgeon, who hyl made the post money ex iminatioo, deposed that he first saw the deceased on Tuesday, the Gth inst. He appeared to have been in the water twelve or fourteen hours. His forehead and norm were much bruised, as were the backs of the hands. Witness perceived a wound above the anterior angle of the left orbit, about half an inch in length, and nearly circular. It had p netrated to the bone. In removing the scalp at the post mortem examination, marks of three contusions were visible overthe frontal hone rith coagulated blood, and a fracture of the bone where it formed the anterior wall of the frontal sinus, corresponding to the external wound, about the size of a sixpence ; a small splinter of bone was found loose. On the opening of the skull there was coagulated blood. When the brain was remov, d a ciecul it 'lecture of the posterior wall of the frontal Anus presented itself, with a bullet firmly impacted in it. About half the bullet projected is the in terior of the skull, so as to press on the membrane of the brain. The cause of death was severe concussion of the brain, resulting from the pistol-shot in conjunction with the blows on the head, aided by loss of blood. Presuming that the deceased shot himself, the concussion would cause him to lose all control over himself, and a contusion might ensue ; but it would not produce the marks of three distinct blows. Witness considered that these injuries were inflicted during life. He could come to no other conclusion than that he died a violent death.—Mss. Eliza Coa ling, • widow lady, residing at 43, Grove-place, Brampton, identified the deceased as her ton ; he was 23 years of age, and his name was Charles James Gosling. lie had formerly held an appointment under Lord J. S interset, as a clerk in the recruiting department, but he had done little or nothing the last two years. Ile lived at 13, Queen etreet, Golden-square, was married, and had two children. He lived on very had terms with his wife; he was very violent at times, and threatened to kill his wife. The last time witness raw him alive was on Monday week at eleven o'clock at night; he had come to her two days previously, when he said his wife had left him, and he was in search of her, sad thut he hid walked the streets all night after her; he produced a bottle of vitriol, and gave it to witness, say ing, he had intended to use it against her person. On Sunday the deceased wrote a great deal, and on Monday he went out for two or three hours, and returned with a small pistol, which he said was loaded, and would do better for Maria (meaning his wife) than paltry vitriol ; with that he was sure to make a good aim; he added that after he had taken her life he would take his own ; that he would go out to sea in a boat, shoot himself, and then throw himself into the water, for no coroner's jury should ever sit on his body. Deceased left her house to go to his lodgings, and not hearing anything of him she imagined he bad gone to Wales, where his wife has some property, and where he expected she was gone. She did not think he had any money or valuables on him when he left her house. He was of a very violent temper, but at times very affectionate. He had often said if he committed suicide ho should do it in the manner he had stated. Witness had no doubt this was his own act.—Mr. T. C. Smith, the landlord of the house where deceased lodged, said that on more than one occasion he appeared decidedly deranged.—Mn. Gosling, the wife of the deceased, was examined briefly, and gave her evidence in a very collected manner. She said the believed he was vexes! with her, and that was the cause of his destroying himself. He had freqoently exhibited symptoms of insanity, but she had not thought it necessary to obtain advice.—The jury returned a verdict "That the deceased destroyed himself by shooting himself with a pistol, be being at the time in an unsound state of mind."— SUICIDE OF A CHEMIST.—Before Mr. Wakley, M.P., at the Hope Arms Tavern, Oxford-street, on the body of Mr. Clement Downes, aged 26, chemist and druggist, of No. 1, Duke-street, Manchester-square. The evidence clearly showed that, during a lit of depression increased by a low fever, the deceased had committed suicide by drinking a quantity of prussic acid. In accordance with the evidence brought forward, the jut,' found "That the deceased cora. vatted suicide whilst in a state of unsound mind." THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, JUNE 15, 1818. LETTERS TO WORKMEN AND THEIR EqPLOYEßB.—Larrea I endeavoured to show in my last letter that the working closes were not likely to do themselves any service by attempts to realise fur themselves the profits of capital ; and I shall now try to point out the quarters in which the elements of amelioration for their condition may be more hopefully sought. To bring them or a portion of them a step f leveed I would naturally look to those qualities which have already placed them at the head of tne workmen of the world—industry and effective energy. Hi re s.mo one may, perhaps, indignantly ask, " What are our workmen not sufficieutly enslaved—is more labour to be ground out of them—are twelve hours a day not enough, awl must rut have fourteen or sixteen ?" Mint assuredly not. Olomfay e comfortlee, and hopeless, God knows, is the lot of too many ot our humble workmen. it would be a sad guilt on the mind to have increased their slavery or to re member that we had attempted it. But there is a secret in this subject of work practically known to multitudes, which it y, t so happen', is eel firm m bo ;led in written or spoken comae). The hardest work s not the mat slavish or disheorte ing, and he who effects most bas often the greatest s'.are of leisure. To illustrate this from the extremes of the industrial reale, let us take the leading counsel, or the accomplished railway engineer, both of whom are working with their brains almost to the ut most point which the human intellect is capable of reaching. Yet they both have their luxuries and their leisure hours. You meet them In society chatting, laughing—looking as if they had nothing to do ; in the touring season you eucountir them in the higklands, on the Rhine, and yet ell the world Is wouderiao how they get through their hard work. Look, now, at the hand-loom weaver—pale, ernaci sled, half fed, half-clad—as solemn and melancholy under the weight of unvarying physical affl:ction as if lie had taken a monastic vow, and given away all the jots oi this world for an ample reimbursement in futurity. That man knows no rest but the hours of ale p and the seventh day —every little period he takes from the weary monotony of his work is a bit 01 bread less to hint and his coildren : the demon, !longer, has poss. ssion of him, and drives him on till he drops at the loom. Yet that man never knew what it was to work.hard—and there is the secret of all his miser. Ile found a monotonous easy trade to his hind, and in an evil hour he yielded to its seductions. " It weavers are wanted," said a wallets Ofi the hand-loom in quiry, "they may be struck into exist:nee in a month; some branch.s may be done by b lye and girls, and what may be done by a boy can never reach oh rye a boy's wage-s." Now I do not mean to maintain that the eminent lawyer and engineer work as many nines harder than the hand loom weaver as they arc better paid. It is the peculiarity of work of every kind that a am ill addition to the expert ness makes a largo addition to the r muneration, and that the higher the grade the more marked is this difference. 'lbis arises from the numbers gradually decreasing, the further they have outstripped their brethren in excellence. At the point of skill which only three or four men have reached out of ao many hundreds, there will be little com petition, and high pay: when there are services which only one man can do, he can name his own price. Moreover, the general labour market in its widest sense, including efforts both of mind and body, is alf.cted by various accidents of education, training, and pi.silun, which bring to some occupations a se de of remuneration much higher than the members of others can hope by any energy to obtain. Thus it doe. not follow that the scale nit income correspouds with the hardness of the work ; but we m ,y take it us a general rule that high pay is not given without some service being done fur it; and tl.at the man who can. by courageous energy in setting his mind, or his hands aid d by his mind, to do some useful act requiring skill, will reap a reward for his set vice. In fart, the great dragon to be conquer. d by the Arugglers through this world is indolence. It is h. cause he has yielded to it, that yonder gray-hooded I,entleman in a cl. rk in a eoverornent office at ViOl. a year, it.S!Clail of m Altai/ a for tune like his achooltellow the engineer. lie hound the employment set before him—nothing to do but to espy pages or add up columns—no exertion of thought—no ti-k. of failure, but a secured income—and he yielded to the temptation. In his case little harm is stone; he has food and elothirg and ia content. But go several steps farther do No. A still cosi r operation than writing and casting sccounta has tempted tight hundred thousand men to follow • trade which leas than ball the number would have supplied ; soil no legislation, or parliamentary inquiry, uo privatralienevm knee, no relief committee, nu poor-law, can obviate the de vastating result. It is as impossible to influence the haul political economy of wages sod labour as to change the tea s ns. The workman's wages will be measured by the value of his produce—their natural law is obdurate. lIVIICYUICRI lately rowed public sympathy to th.i state of the London shirt makers, working at 31. a day. The di•cloauva were h.,: ride: create , ' s trot living by th.ir work, but only prutractieg inevitable death. The excitement probably did them some temporary service, but has it raised their condi tion ? While thousands were elameuting for work at 3d., cr.) iug out that it was sentence of immediate d 'ath ts ex clude Nom, win it possible to keep up the remuneration Nor is the small remuneration the only evil of the hum blest and most overstocked occupations Their tollnwers are the most acutely sensitive to useillations in the money and labour market, and ever the most liable to be deprived of their little hit of br ad. Let us just cast a thought over the mar...er in winch tire industrious, careful, and energetic meinhera of society occupy theurselves when hard times come. Some of them retrench their expenditure ; they must of course have still as much as will in some troy support t'osir families, or they could not do so. Others Mclean their exertions. " It is but mounting a thousand additional stairs," said Dr. Arbuthnot, when his savings were swept away by the South-Sea scheme. Here and there., active minded pi ople are excited to new enterprises and conquests over difficulties—they lay open new Nelda of exertion, sir work old ones with renewed energy. The additional services so called out are marvellous', and the beneficent effect sif the whole operation is, that by these exertions trade revives and pio Lily is restored. It is a mistake to suppine that these pr, ' , tires and us...illations arise from too much industry. There may be too much production relatively —too many railways, toe much corn, too many ginghams, or satin slippers ; but if every person is working where his services arc required, there cannot be too much industry, and it is the tendency of the exertions made by active men in times of trial, to hind out the quarters in which their labours arc moo: useful, and thus restore the equilibrium of the market. A man can seldom turn from a lasing to a gaining occupation without doing a benefit, instead of an injury, to the community. But what can that poor creature do who has been accus tomed only to give his time and some rotatory bodily motion when the service so produced has ceased to be worth the morsel it used to bring him ? Ile cannot reduce his ex,ien. diture and live. He cannot increase his exertions, for they are measured by time, not work, and the whole is already taken. He is nearest the edge, and when the blast coal' s aeroas the great platform of industry he is biown over the si le into the slough of mendicancy, whence he ri es no more. It may be answered that all this is inevitable—that thee: is a la sit indolent barbarLm among mankind, prompting them to follow the routine occupations of their lathers, or those which accident may hare first introduced to them— that in this country there is lees of such indolent acquies cence, and more enlightened indust,y, than in any other en the globe—but that there always will and must be a residuum. I reply that it is just from Vat rational energy, just from the amount of enlightened industry in this country, that I have the hope of the residuom— if a residuum there must be—being lessened ; and that if those to whose lot it falls to have opportunities of instruct ing and advising their fellow creatures, would unite to teach the benefit of exec tion, and the hopelessness of adhering to overstocked trades, a visible improvement might be ant*. I know how tough a took it is to infuse life, h me, and vigour into a man whose spirit is bowed by mixt:Table drud gery; but not resigning even the hope tnat something taixlit he done to serve the existing generation, act us at all events endeavour to save their progeny. It may be difficult— in many instances it will he impossible—to find work to which the superabundant handloom weavers could turn their hands; but it may be safely said, that had some ene been by to warn them of the consequences, the last generation would not hive doomed their children to the same hopeless trade. There are lust now many benevolent and enlightened men who take on hand the settlement of a considerable part of the operative destination of the rising generation, by establishing industrial echooln. In the name of human,ty, I entreat these men in bringing up their pupil., to avoid, if possible, the overstocked trades, no that they may not make their benevo lent exertions an additional pressure on the victims of penury. There is a striking instance of the advantage of circulating a knowledge of the economics of labour in the prejudices re garding machinery. It is remarkable that even Bentham's clear judgment yielded to the fallacy of the day, that the in vention of machinery not only threw the holds it immedi ately superseded out of employment at the moment, but had a general tendency to reduce the amount of hand-work in the community. We have now little or no machine breaking Experience has taught the workman that hemay just so well try to extinguish one of the elem.into as to stop the use of a machine which eaves cost in production—that he will just as easily get windmill* set up to be worked by the human breath, as get steam superseded wherever it is found to be a material saving. Thus, having found that the breaking of machines in one place only served to transfer the trade to another, they have ceased from violence.' It is to be feared, however, that they still look on the ma chine as a robber of the working classes—as an exterminator of hand-work and the general means of subsistence, It is to their entertaining this belief that I account for the too Prominent fact, that the manufacturer indolently relies on his being able to follow a particular mechanical detail all his days, and seldom contemplate, the possibility of its being taken out of his band by some mechanical invention. Hence, when the change occurs, he considers himself the victim, not of accident, but of injustice, and ha appears before the public as an ill-used man, and an object of compassion. He has been deprived of a vested right, and instead of feeling his fate in evitable, and endeavouring to find some means of making his bread, he clamours for the restoration or compensation he never can achieve. Nor can I help thinking that he is pre vented in a great measure fi om endeavounng to find new work, by the mistake that by the cutting away of him and his class the whole field of the labour market is so far nar rowed, and that he cannot get a share in that narrowed field without injoring others. Now there can be no doubt that the invention of machinery increases, instead of decreases, the aggregate amount of hand-work in an industrious country. Each capitalist has the same amount to invest, and upon what can he invest it but raw material, and labour in some shape ? If it is not in the shape of spinning and weaving, it is in those of minlog, smelting, and machine making. Notwithstanding the cheap nets of the manufactured commodity, the people will spend as much money, and it must go in the same manner—to pay for things made by human hands. It may be said that by the invention of machinery a larger proportion Of the money spent on manufactures falls on the raw mate rial, which comes from abroad, and thus pays on no industry in this country. But here we. are r, minded of the Iran soendant power of machinery in increasing the industry of that country where it is used, by milting it the labour-market of the globe. Ten thousand milts off, the Indian grows his cotton ; it comes here to be spun ami w .ve ; and, afier it has travelled twenty thousand mili s for the benefit of the machine-industry of Britain, the tarns Indian is clothed with it as he hoes a subsequent crop. Such is the bounty of fertile minds and skilful hands which nature has given us, enabling us not only to match, but rise far above, those who are blessed with the fertilising sun of the south. It was the rapid progress of machinery that enabled us what& Napoleon's Milan and B rlin decrees. We manufactured so tepidly, and consequently so cheaply, that no barrier could resist the rush of our commodities. The monopoly that has been given to the workmen of this country by machinery is represented by the fact that the d clared value of the export of eotbin manu facture was 1,500,0001. in 1790-18.560.0001. in 1836. THE REFORM MOVEMENT. MEETING AT HEREFORD. On Tuesday morning, in accordance with a requi sition, signed by 112 voters and rate-payers, a meeting was convened by the mayor for " the purpose of petitioning the House of Commons in favour of Mr. Ilume's mot'on for a revision of taxation end a reduction in the expenditure of the public money." We yesterday alluded to this meet ing. the proveilit.ge of which arc now given more in detail. J. JAY, Foul, the map,., presided, end having briefly ex plained the objects of the meeting. letters were read by the own Berk from the two city m tubers, Sir Robert l'rice, Bart., and L'eut-.Col. Clifford, apologising for their ab.ence. The bon baronet, in a letter extending to seven quarto pages, argued against the propositions submitted, and said c mabteetly with his views he could not attend the mectine. He regretted to d.lI with so many of he, c in , stitue•ds, but on the ballot his opinion remained unchanged against it. He was for moderato progressive reform, but objected to the elt ti oral districts. He mention el that a committee of inquiry h-id already been appointed to iequire into the army and navy estimates. Entertaining his views he could not support the prayer of the petition, but would undertake its presentation to the house if is should he the wish of the meeting. Col. Clifford could not, be said hi his letter, approve of " so sweeping a change" u that coutemplated iii the requisition to the mayor, hut the arguenente which were adduced by the speakers should command his ' , tendon, and he only m ended that the Wilms of his daughter detained him tom being at the meeting to hear them. Mr. Alderman DAVIES proposed the first resolution. He coolemed his opinion of the government was much shakeo, and that they must be totally ignorant of the condition of the country or they would not proceed in such a reckless career of extravagance. (Cheers ) A revision of the taxa tion was much weeded, as the burdens peeved unduly on the middle and lower classes. The local burdens were also ex. ceedinely heavy. Ile felt sure that their demands might be granted with perfect safety, as they were the most con-ti tutlinal means to arrest the growing evils now suffered, and without any den ier to the monarchy. Ile concluded by reeling the resolution : That this meeting Is of opinion th.e the present sys!eni of taxation lt Mont partial and uruu.t, and teat it I 4 Iletnrilry that a mere equit able distribution of the burdens of the country be effected. Mr. BENBOW, a member of the town couucilaeconded the motion. He review. tl the 1 xpenditure and income since 17112, detailing some of the more prominent features of t 1 e I oppresdre character of the taxes levied upon industry during the period, while the hutted interests were almost left untouched, and this too at a limo when the rents of the landlords were greatly in' reseed in amount. NATHAN tEL Molinari, Hag. (bank,r), proposed the second resolution. He pronounced a warm eulogy on the public services of Mr. Hume, as a firm, faithful, and will eg ging friend of the people. They were, in holding this meet ing, doing honour to themselves in coming forward to sup port his motion. Mr. Hume WWI ever the same great man in enforcing his principles as he had been in 1821, when the city of Ihrefoid did Sign homage for his public service , . He looktd upon the domination over the voters to be per nick)... It was treating them like so many sheep driven ti slaughter, or to b bought and a (Hear.) By car tying the resolution he proposed, they would sane the country, and he hoped tiiero would be a noble response. The resolution was as follows : That the inuring bong new:ions thyt the present limit of the fram.lll,o shuts out a rat number of persons from the possession of tliat right who ores. well goalie:l for Its exercise as t he se who are ! included, and feeling t tat Use press= system Ir essentially deftetive in il:01111(11., power of expati,on to meat the growing wants of the country, is of opinion that a great enlargement of the constituency is absolutely neciveary; that the law by winch the representatives of the people hold their seat. for seven yawns hi highly injurious, and th st the previous low by whch parliaments becanse triennial ought to be re-enacted; that to order to protect the industrious chives from intimidation and loos it is neausary that rives should be tales by bal lot ; sett that, perceiving the gross tnequalitiess in smother of the Carleton constimenelas of the Yingdom, It is desirable that there ehould be an asiaituble rt-arritogvnient of the eketural Metric% of the country. _ Mr. W. Jissicie. a member of the corporation, second. d this resolution. He advocated the ballot a' the ocly safe guard for honest elector in discharge of their duty to th it country. He alluded to the letters from their representa tives, and regretted Sir Retail Price did not give his support to the ballot, and thus follow the example of the late Mr. Clive, one of the wor.liest men ever sent to parliament by c et ituency. Mr. T. T. Das 1118, 1060 of the council, moved the adoption of a petition, in which the purpose of the previous resolutions were embodied. Ho telt that such measures as were pray.; for in that petition would Le bound the best safeguard and Fe. eurity for the attachment of the people to our glorious constitution and Lir confuting the union of church acd state. (Cheers.) Mr. C. PatveitAitn, town councillor, seconded the resolu tion. He recommended that their represents ives should be called upon to resign. For himself, he would vote for no one again who dad not support the principles which were contained in the petition. He called upon the meeting to do the same. He said ever• man was taxed 4s. 51d. in every 7.. 7.1. This was very serious to every man who had, like himself, to support a family by bis industry ; and those who had not families, ought to show their sympathy to their neighbours by putting on their "considering csps " and as sist to tarry their principles speedily into a law. The r. solutions passed with wily one dissentient, and I.e (Mr. ltsisbeck) addressed the meeting at some length on national and local topics. A vote of thanks was carried to the chairman, and acknowledged by his worship, after which the meeting dissolved. A large number of names was added to the petition to the room. MEETING AT PRESTON. A public tea party was held in the Corn Exchange, Preston, on Tuerday evening, in support of the new reform movement. Sir G. Strickland, Dart , and Mr. C. P. Grin tell, the members for Preston, and Mr. James Heywood, M.P. for North Lancashire, were present. Mr. J. Guonant, manufacturer, was called to tho chair, and on taking his seat said that this mewing was a manifes ration of public opinion in answer to Lord John ltosaell's statement that the middle and lower classes were not favour able to reform. Mr. OtLi.otie, manufacturer, moved, seconded by Mr. Charnley, a resolution to tho effi et that the recent declara tion of Lord John Russell in :he House of Commons as to the alleged indifference of the people to leather political re form was a misreprescntation.—Agreed to. Mr. FRANELAND moved the next resolution: That the enormous increase in the expetaliture for the last ten years; the threatened lecrease of the same for the future; the runt number of the eriltocreey maintained out of the public purse; the ohatinate Maintenance of files' political amain, with many tither tit comet:moos, all tend to show the neecasity of a reform In the repro eilltatiTe ny-tern of this country. That as as important step towards the full eutrauchivement of the people. and the realteataal of the nforeut d relorm in the representative system, this meeting records Its apptural of Mr. Ilume's proposal about to be made to the Mouse of Commons in favour of household suffrage, vote by ballot, triennial part intents, and equal electoral districts. He did not wonder at the immense public expenditure, when he considered the vast number of the aristocracy supported out of the public purse. They were now met to tell Lord John Russell that they, the people, di I want re turns; and, whatever the dispositions of the men of the south might be, the min of the north were anxious for and were determined to have reform. The resolution was seconded, and was unanimously agreed to. Mr. J. LIVESEY then moved, seesnded by Mr. CLIFF : That this meeting urgently requests that the two members for Preston, Sir G. canalised and C. Y. °rented, , and Jas. Hey weed, Esq.. di P. fur North Lancashire, will support Mr. motion of the Roth inst. A g reed to, w ith loud applause. Sir OEOBOB STRICKLAND, M.P., then said he bad pre sented to parliament many household petitions, and he had presented them with satisfaction, because he cordially agreed with the objects they had in view—namely, the improvement of the state of the country and the representauve parlia ment. Lie thought that the state of the nation loudly call. d lir a retrenchment of public expenditure. That expenditure wai annually increasing, million up.in million, above the re sources and income of the country in ISM the army and navy cost the enormous sum of 11,000,0001. annually ; and though since that year we had had undisturbed peace, the army had increased till it now amounted to 200,000 men in arms, and the expense of maintaining the a•my and navy was now, in 1848, no less than 18,000,0001., or more than 6.000,0001. per annum above the cost of the army in 1835. The only excuse he had keard made for our large standing army was that our colonies were more extensive than they were formerly, and therefore must have a larger army to protect them. Now, he had always thought that our colo nies were one of the sources of our strength, and were not to be considered • drag and expense upon us. (Hear.) But if they were each an expense, why eheuld we not do that which the colonies wished for and would be thankful for, namely, emancipate them, and let them firm govern ments for themselves ? (Loud cheers) We could then meet them on the principles of free trade, and thus extend our own commerce and riches. With respect to Mr. Hume's motion, he could only tell them that all his political life had been spent in supporting questions of reform in parliament. The question of restoring triennial parliaments had frequently been brought forward in parliament by Mr. T. D'Eyncourt, and he (Sir G. Strickland) bad always voted for it. (Cheers.) He had always been a strenuous advocate for an extension of the suffrage to household suffrage, because he thought that the head of a family, inhabiting a house and paying taxes, should have a voice in returning representatives to parliament. He was well known to be in favour of the vote by ballot; but on the questien of equal element districts he must declare that he did not know what was intended by that term. He was inclined to extend it as far as upon dis cussion it could be made out. At present he did not know whether this measure would not give an inordinate power to the City of London, which he should deprecate, because already they had had • great deal too much centralisation. . (Loud applause.) lie could only lay, that he would support Mr. Hume's motion, reserving for him self the right of considering this pennon of the measure. In conclusion, he trusted that they might succeed in obtaining reform, and that they might always have the one great object in view, namely, to Cattle the measures of government to be more in consistence with the wishes, the feelings, and the (minims of the people. (Loud applause.) Mr. C. P. GREY FELL, M.P., next addrauted the meeting. He said he appeared before them that day as firmly dtsposed to maintain radical reform as Sir George Stack land or soy other gentleman who had -p .ken to the en. If, however, be differed with many of his constituents as to the xtent and the period of carrying tut that reform, he hopes the el, store of Poston would do him justice for his honesty in asserting his optnions, rather than veiling them under vague premises. He was prepared to carry out many of the points alluded to in the new charter of reform ; end the fast of those was household suffrage. Of that he was a m st conscientious supporter, and he would draw their attention to the fact that there were many householders in the counties in England precluded from voting even though they occupied 101, 151., and 201. houses. He was not pre pared, however, to say that every person ho kept a room, no matter whether he paid lent or not, should have a vote. The next question was the ballot, and of that he hail already expressed hi. approval. Ile agreed upon the next question with Sir G. Strickland, that he did wit fully comm.. hens what was meant lay equal electoral districts. If a certain amount of population was intended to s• nil a certain number of members, the counties of Middlesex, York, end Lance shire would return one-half of the parliament. He could not certainly support any measure having that for its object. On the fourth question in the new cheats. he would honestly avow that he was not a friend to triennial parliamen.a. Mr. errata] rat down amidst much confusion, several gen tlemen putting questions to him. Mr. he. HY.YWOOD, hi Y., in a lengthy address, agreed with Sir George Strickland that government should tidoe measures to reduce our expenditure, ni. , l that the co!onie s ought to be i mancipated when possible. He felt Fetish( that considerable retrenchment might be made in the enor. moos expanse of governing our colonic, if such colonies were allowed to choose governors of their own to make their own laws, and lay their own taxes. (Cheers.) Such colonies as C male and Jamaica would cert tin'y he better oble to govern the rose:lves than we were to govern them. With regard to Mr flume's motion, he was not prepared to go as far as household suffrage, though ho certainly wished for an extension of th i suffrage. On the question of trien nial parliament, he was dispos, it to ogres with Mr. Gren fe I, end prefer a five years' par:iament. If the duration oi parliament was reduced to five years, I e believed the gene. cal average would be but three years. He fully agreed with them ;n the vote by ballot. One of Napoleon's great prin ciples when in be , tle was to attack one point with all his force, make himself secure of it, and then attack another. By e trrjing the vote by ballot he tlp.ught they would be securing a greet object, and there fore he had supported it. He might mention that a very extensive saddler In Bath had, at the late el,ction, voted for Mr. Roebuck and Lord Duncan, and, after he had given that vote not less than seven country gentlemen sent in for their bills. In consequence the poor mats was obliged to close his shop, and take another in a emu II back street, where he was now living in comparative poverty, and all this occa sioned by the vote he had given at the late Bath election. It only in gratitude to his constituents n member ought to prote ct them from being injured through Rising a corscien lions vote, and ax a lover of freedom and justice he (Mr. H.) would supp rt the vote by Fagot Upon the question of electoral districts he was not as yet prepared to etre any opinion, but, if possible, he tlv.ught it would be highly boa ficial to divide South Lancashircinto two divisions, the Salford and West Derby, and return two members for each division. He considered it was not right that such a place as Kensington should be unrepresented, and that a town like Burnley should have no member. He thought the army and navy might now be reduced. He concluded with a hops that some measure conducive to the welfare of the commercial prosperity of this country would he soon adopted, A Mr. FKANKLAND having spoken, Mr. o .os moved, seconded by Mr. Bull , r That this meeting approrm of the efforts now bring made in this town for the promotion of reform principlra, and avecially ot the nornrroun tinily petitions which burr I drip been pent op to the Motor of Commons in favour of Mr. flame's motion ; and would re commend a proaccutinn of the sun , and other constitutional means of agiLtion, until the object be accompliabed. Agreed to.—Votre of thanks to Sir G. Strickland, Mr. Orm an, Mr. Heywood, and the chairman, closed the proceedings at a quarter to 12 at night. MEETING AT AYLESBURY. The Couuty Hall was crowded t 3 excess to take the sense of the town upon the re form measures of Mr. Hume. A more triumphant mei ling never was held in the county of Buckingham. The resolutions were all adopted unanimously. They affirm d the necessity el rcsi• dentist suffrage, vote by ballot, triennial parliaments, and electoral districts, in order to save the country from confu sion, promote wink:some legislation, and mete out justico to the people at large.—Lord Nugent, the liberal member for the horough, spoke at great 1 ngth. Hu cordially atreed with the whol. of Mr. flame's proposer, with the excepti m of the electoral district scheme. But he .au ready to %dead that point it Le c:uld see how it could be practically worked out. He urged that the chartests were very deeply maligned. They bad no deslre to break the peace. On the contrary, they came for ward on the 10th of April to demonstrate their attach• ment to law and order by becoming precis.' conrables. He believed that the security of England at this moment entirely depended upon those parties who had been stigma tised as levellers. The time mat approaching whet univer• sal suffrage could not be withheld trim the people u a matter of justice.—John H .ughton, Esq., the defeated can didate at the last election, spoke at length in supp srt of the focr points.—A petition to the House of Commons was adopted, which prays " That your honourable house will carry out some measures resembling those propounded by the hon. member for Montrote." MEETING AT TRURO. One of the largebt political meetings ever held in this borough took place in the town hall here on Thursday last, to advocate the reforms propcscil by Mr. Hume. The chair was taken by Humphrey Wit'yam., Esq., an influential banker, end carious addresses having been delivered, a petition was adopted in favour of an ex tension of the suffrage to the industrious musts, cote by hal ot, equal electoral districts, and triennial parliaments. In compliance with a requisition signed by upwards of 100 electors of the borough, the tine of the town hall was granted. The proceedings were of the most orderly and unanimous character. A society was formed, to be coiled the •" Truro Reform Association." IBRIGnToN.—A correspondent of the Briyhtoni Guardian says .—" On Thursday a preliminary meeting was held at the Town-hall to consider the propriety of calling a ' town meeting in support of Mr. Hume's motion for a reform in the representation. Some charti-ts were present, and they stated i to be their intention, if a meeting were held, to pro pose an amendment in favour of the " six point-t," and take the sense of the meeting upon it ; and if they were beaten, they would then co-operate in carrying out the resolution. It was determined to get up a requisition to the High Con stable to tail a meeting ; and, accordingly, a requisition was put in course of signature, and on Saturday, there being about 200 signatures attached to it, it was presented to the High Constable. The High Constable, we are informed, agreed to call the meeting, provided it was not held earlier than Monday, the 19th, in order to give time fur notice to be given in all the local papers. The deputation, however, who waited upon him said, that would be of no use, as the motion was to he brought on on the 20th ; and the petition, if there was to be one. must be presented to the house by that day at the latest. The High Constable replied that lie had stated ' his determination, and the deputation withdrew. We learn that it was then determined to have a meeting called by the requisitionists themselves ' and that they applied for the use of the Town.hall; but the Town-hall committee, who were called together to consider the matter 'yesterday, decided on not permitting the use of any room in the Town-hall for such a meeting unless tolled by the High Constable. There, fur , the present, the matter rests." - -••- • • . . CAMBHIDGE.—A meeting of the liberal elector of Cambridge took place at the Hoop Inn, on Monday even ing last, to consider the propriety of presenting a requisition to the Mayor to call a public meeting of the inhabitants to express their opinions with reference to the propriety of supporting the miesares of reform proposed by Mr. Hume P. Beeler, Eni., took the chair.—Mr. H. 8. Foster moved, and Mr. Branton seconded, a proposition to that effict ; which was supported by Mr. F. Eaden and Mr. Wells.—E. Foster, sen., Esq., while he declared his adhesion to the principles of civil and religions liberty, and all wholesome and needed reforms, was inclined to think that agitation upon these questions under existing circumstances was ill timed. He conclude.l by begging of the meeting, whatever they did, by all means to proceed with caution.—Mr. F. Eaden replinl to the expressions of alarm felt by the previous speaker.—lle thought that the state of the country was a substantial reason why they should bestir themselves. He said that the middle classes, between the upper and the lower classes, were eaten up by the taxes which were paid towards this support of the one, and the poor rates that were paid for the maintenance of the other. If they were silent on these matters, Lord J. Russell would have good ground for saying, " Oh, the people are quite satisfied ; they don't want reform. You see they are perlectly quiet, and this confirms my opinion that the people want neither one reform nor the other." Lord John Russell would boast of being quits right when he gave expression to that memorable opinion and the result would be that nothing would be done for the people. He hoped a public meeting would he called, and that it would be determined at that meeting to give Mr. Hume every possible support.—Mr. H. 8. Foster replied, and declared that he could not pin his faith to finality ; and he anxiously looked to the consummation of the ends con • templated by the reform bill, which they should take every legitimate, legal, and constitutional means to ueure.—The following motion, framed with the view of meeting the una nimous approbation of the meeting was then put ..—" That a requisition be sent to the mayor to convene a public meet ing of the inhabitants at an early day, to consider the pro priety of supporting Mr, Hunse's measures of reform."— The resolution was then ,put and carried, with only three diseentienta. CeNrwstrar.—The correspondent of a local paper says, "The men of Kant are • up and doing' —by the consti'utional means of quiet and orderly petitioning they are resolved to convince the parliament and the premier that they are heartily and earnestly sincere in their desire to see 'the prosperity and integrity of the empire secured by a real and essential representation; a representation which shall be co-existent with taxation, and ' based on the general good will of the people.' Such is the scope and drift of a petition which, in little more than 48 hours, received the signaturev of the mayor, the Ahetiff, the city coroner, Keen' of the aldermen and common...._ and upwarda of 400 of the inhabitant* of Canterbury. Before being tran►- mtted to London it is confidently expected that the list of subscribers will be swelled to 1,200. The energetic example pet by Canterbury is being zealously emularel by Dover, Margate, Ramsgate, D,sl, and the towns and ports] bum vijages generally of this division of the county; and with the view of promoting and securing the genera object of provreasive regeneration it has been resolved that a Kentish Reform Assocation shall he immediately organised." SaNDWICIL—The radical reformers of Sandwich, Dial, and Wilmer, held• conlerence at Sandwich on Tues day evening, when George Hughes, E q., was called to the chair. Mr. Tapley provsed that api trion should be pre sented to parliament recognising the Latural right of man lewd cuff-age, but adopting the prayer fir the resolutions of Mr. Hurl, as they atone would yield a measure of justice to a large portion of cur unearacchised brethren.—Mr. Alderman Keene moved as an ame.dment that it would be more politic to leave cut all reference to the principle of complete suffrage, and confine their attention simply to Mr. Humes tee )lutionp.; the original proposition of Mr. Tapley was adopted, and a petition from the borough of Sandwich, D al, and Weimer, it in course of signature. LEEDS.—The mayor of Leeds has complied with the requisition of a large number of the paliamentary eleeters of the borough, end appointed the meeting to be held this day in the Mixed Cloth Hall Yard, to take the sense of :he inhabitants upon Mr. Hume's proposition for ex tended reform. Lcouncilmenj IRELAND. DvsLIN, JONI 13. The failure of the London chartists to get up a promenade in London has been noticed by the evening papers, and excited no surprise. They have very few sympathisers in Ireland, and even the Dublin trades, schooled in the lease gymnasium of O'Connell, look on them as'public dis'urbers. No person knows what has becomo of Smith O'Brien. Some say he is in Wicklow•—othars in Cabirmoyle. There is a mystery about his silence in these days of reunion and reorganisaticn. Sir Denis Le Merchant states in a letter to Mr. Keleher, of Cork, that of the 3,0001. voted for schools of design, 5001. will he applied to the purposes of the school of design in Cork. THE NAVIGATION LAWS-BELFAST. On Saturday last the Chamber of Commerce of Belfast assembled to take into consideration the auhject of the navi gation hews ; Mr. Robert .M*Dowell, preside-nt of the cham ber, to the chair. This movement in Beif cennot lut be garded as of considerable importivee, when we consider that a very great element in the commercial prosperity of Belfast is the quantity of shipping belonging to the port. Mr. It GUINNHAW, a merchant of great iutelligence and respectability, proposed the first re. elution; and in sup porting it said : From his individual experience in business he would beg to nay that there was a v. ry great deal of in convenience, and absurdity too, in the system of what was called protec ion. When he was in bwiriess he used to hi!. I port large quantities of dye stuffs, and on one occasion he brought a cargo of gum Senegal from a French pmseedon on the coast of Attica. to Dublin, and WAS afterwares obliged to send it to New York to get it sold. as the wisdom of the British laws would not permit him to dispose of it in this country. That was one iustan. e of the evil effects of restrictive policy, and he:could mention others. Mr. Grimsbaw continued. He used to export a considerable quantity of cotton checks to tho island of Bt. Domingo, and received coffee in return. lie had invariably to send the coffee to Hamburg, as it would not be allowed to come into England for consumption. The mmsequene a was that the great difficulty experiene. d in getting returns totally de stroyed that trade. He felt convinced that it such a prohi bition had not been on that article ai.d others of a similar kind, the weevers of Ballysnacarett and Whitehouse would still have found ample employment from the Grinaffiaws and LerP , rs of this town, lie was therefore of opinion that the eavig. thee laws should be chanted. Ile could not co , ceive for a moment that competition from the foreigner would in jure the shipping interests of the country. They had more pore in Britain than were to he found tram Hudson's Bay to the River Plate. He concluded by prepusimr the follow ing resolution : That the chamber is of opinion, that goo I greuncla exi.t on review. ing the woe Ling of the nine rmpecting vittsh merw alloying, for entertaining full confidence in the wt.-dim anti safety of their beingrevimed ; sad t',t, in any alteration that may he made, the existing intermtsof 10 shipcorucni snotild not be overlooked. The resolution was seconded by Mr. Rohert Boyd, a mer chant and shipowner. lie"admittedtltat nchange in the navi gation laws would lessen the value of British shipping, but then it would enable the Erithli shipowner to import weasels from the cheapest quarter, and thus enable him to compete with the foreigner." Mr. FoLittOsiilf, a shieowner, prop:Bed an amendment. Ile was no' against a incoltlinction of the as laws, but would not consent to their repeal. The f flowing ex tract conveys his thee of argument Before any change should be effected be thought the iota has might s ,y, of millions of tradesmen, and mechanics, and others co :nected with the ship-buildir.g trade, should be token into account. They should not be so disietere.ted as to pass over such an imporlart consideration. To throw ant of the hands of so large a portion of the community the means of . ening a livelihood w.a a grave matter of pomade, and pence. Another quertion involve el was that reap stied the nursery for raising British seamen. They were to remember that America was now very jealous of England, and if they were to reduce their mercantile marine, the evil cen-equences per haps might not be immediate, but they would be felt, say twei.tv years hence." The amendment he proposed was: That this chamber in of opinion that got grounds exist, ou review ing the working of the hews respecung Dilated. ratra r aattla nhigrar , w, for catertchning full confidence in the etiolom aril safe pat their being revised; and in justice to the general comniervial interests of the country, for applying to the shipping interest u.e free-trade grin ciples adopted in other branches of business, Mr. Ann, a shipowner and builder, green& d the amend ment. What would Belfast have he en had it rot been for the enterprise of its merchant ship'miiders ? lie agreed with Mr. Folingehy in saying, that if there he anything ob jectionable in the present state of the laws let it be removed, hut let them not have such measures as contemplated by the British minister in the new act, that wettld, in fact, p to prevent merchants from coping with foreigners. The amendment was lost on a division by a majority of 7 ; the numbers were '23 lot the resoluti-.0 and 16 for the amend ment. The wind up of the meeting is thus reported : " Mr. Fol ingsby 's amendment was then pot and negatived by a majority of 23 to 16.—The original resolution was next put, and carried by the same majority.—The gentlemen who were in favour of tne amendment then retired, very much jdissatisfied with the fate of their amendmens.—Mr. Grain ger, one of the gentlemen who withdrew, on going out stated ' that they would have a chamber of commerce if their own shortly; and another said—' You'll have few guineas next year!—Mr. Grinishaw facetion ly replied to Mr. Grainger by saying that it was not a chamber of commerce that gentleman wanted, but a chamber of protection. PIIOVINCIAL. LANCASHIRE. THE LIVEREGOL MEETING ON THE SUGAR QI:ESTION (reported in this paper yesterday, but not corn. pleted when our despatch kit that Lowe) was thus con cluded : The amendment, proposed by Mr. Brown, M.P., " That although a rctwn from a vicious to a sound system of legislation may neces,arily alllct at first the interests of those who pre.fited by the continuance c I the system, the meeting did not consider this result cr the existence of re strictions reasons why the industrious classes of the country should be taxed for toe support of the colonial interest, but that any restrictions pressing on the trade er industry of the colonies should be forthwith re moved,"—was lost. The original motion was carried.— IL Littledale, Esq., moved th it the meeting considered Sir Thomas Birc'es plan well calculated to promote the objects in view, to prevent the immediate and otherwise inevitable abandonment of the majority of the West India estates. and to secure time for bringing into operation the intended mea sorts of relief—which was seconded and carried.—Petitions to the Howse of Commons, pro and con., were then moved ar d seconded. The affirmance one was carried, and it was resolved that the mayor should sign toe petition on behalf of the meeting, and :hat it should be presented t y the mem bers for the borough. YORKSIHRE. MR. FEARGUS O'CONNOR AT SHEFFIELD.—At the soirée held on Tuesday at the Old Theatre at Sheffield, Mr. Fearaus O'Connor addressed a very Liree meeting, over which Mr. R. Orley presided. An address was read by Mr. Councillor Ironaide, expressive of apprccil of Mr. O'Con nor's conduct in his political Treece, ding, and in connexion with the National Land Company. Mr. O'Connor re sponded at great length, expressing the pleasure he felt at the address. In France, they bad been telling the labourer that he was entitled to honour and corn pensitions, but bad not told him how I e was to get it, but by his (Mr. O'Connor'.) plan the rich would become richer and the poor rich. It was betesy and blasphemy to say that the industrious people of this country were to be transported as surplus, p Tulation to another country. The money hoarded in the Bank of England was useless and unprofitable. Place labour on the land ; it was Nature's pap, and was the onljthing which could sustain and maintain them. The proud oak should be levelled, the fat war horse knocked off, and an end put to pleasure horses and dogs, and then if the land were too small, he would go abroad with them (his auditors) in search of another country. The charter had been spat upon ; their full-length portrait, the little miniature he had carried under his coat 15 years ago his crippled bantling, they had laughed at him; but now be : hold the master which on the 10th of April frightened the isle from its propriety, and caused the Queen to take refuge in the Isle of Wight. (Cheers.) Mr. O'Connor, after pro ceeded in this strain for some time, attacked the " gagging bill " of Lord John Russell, the very name of which was a violation of the constitution, and described the govern ment as seeking protection under the petticoats of the Queen. They had suborned a corrupt press, and were trying to destroy the French republic. Nothing had been obtained for the people by the Catholic Emancipation Bill. the Parliamentary Reform Bill, or by free trade, but the social plan he wished to put them in possession of would seek a good political *Totem to defend it. Thomas Slingsby Buncombe, who would be in his place in the House of Com mons that day week, was Lis leader, not Mr. Hume, nor Mr. Cobden. They must suppose they were to mount the ladder above him ; he knew his position, and would znalo know theirs, He would tell them that the vlb-ti • greater power than that which they might 'schwa far inienr.l'S,•. selves, and that was by co-operating with thenilert ;• • rd After enlargin: to some extent on this heat - gave a great, variety of details connected wit tilinist i oamme , • Land C;mpany, which were received with h. a p urg t.; 4 • : Lion, The proceedings concluded at 10 o'clock/2 ' 7 r • I