The Express. — London, England, 1847-08-17 00:00:00

IL THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, AUGUI . higher and completer education of the legal practi tioner, whatever his rank in the tables of legal proce dure: This is a necessity alike with barrister and solicitor. That men's eyes should be open, and remain open, to the abuses which encounter them in their daily business, they must be educated not merely by that business but for it. If the attorney is allowed to learn all he knows in the office, and the barrister receives no training but from papers "at chambers," the mind of both must ne cessarily become Maned To what it works in, like the dyer's hands." Their notions must take the colour of the atmosphere in which they are conceived, the air which they breathe and live by. This matter of legal education has been the subject of a parliamentary commission, which has duly issued its blue book. That the evidence in this book should be unani mous is no wonder. Blue books always are unani mous, a circumstance which somewhat lessens their value. But this is a case in which the agreement of all (as to the evil, at least), we believe, would not have been shaken by the best cross-examiner in Westminster Hall. No man who knows what is the full import of the words " lawyer " and "gentleman" can be satisfied with the present state either of so licitors or the bar. How matters may be improved is another and more intricate question. That im provement is needed is a fact which mast be ad mitted by every one who has moved habitually in the society of educated and high-minded persons and has had the experience of a year's circuits. The commission begin by reporting on what they facetiously call " the present state of legal education in England and Ireland." This chapter of their re port is something like PONTOPPIDAN'I3 well-known chapter of owls in Iceland, which, as every one remembers, ran thus : " There are no owls in Iceland." So the sum and substance of this part of the report would seem to be "There is no legal education in England or Ireland." The mere empiric instruction picked up by attorneys, during clerkship, in the office, and by students at the inns of court, in pleaders', or conveyancers', or equity draftsmen's chambers, is not deserving the name of legal education ; but is the only thing which now supplies the place of it. It is hardly to be expected that our universities should contain any provision for teaching the common law. They have always been antagonistic to it. The law, which is cone of their faculties, is and has always been civil law. We do not see, for our own part, why instruction in the laws of Eng land need be asked at the hands of our universities, when we have in the inns of court (what were ori ginally) colleges for special instruction in the com mon law, as distinguished from the canon and civil law of the ecclesiastical courts. The parallel between the teaching of arts at Oxford and Cambridge, and of common law in the inns of court, is much closer than persons are generally aware of. The inns themselves answered very exactly to the halls and hostels, which up to the fourteenth century were the substitutes for colleges. The degrees of bachelor and master of arts were represented by those of apprentice of the law or barrister, and seniens ad legem, or ser jeant. The logical and theological lectures and exercises of the schools were reproduced in legal form in the readings, mootings, and exercises of the Temple and Lincoln's-inn. Mere was, down to the seventeenth century, something like the reality of a legal education furnished in the inns of court. All trace of it has now dwindled to the ridiculous form called " keeping an exercise," still observed in Lin coln's-inn, in which the steward puts into the stu dent's hand a paper containing a legal proposition. The student reads the words, the bencher bows, and the " exercise is kept" The only instruction now to be got in the inns of court is that which the student chooses to give himself in a pleader's, barrister's, conveyancer's, or equity draftsman's chambers. Here he may acquire considerable technical skill, and, by hard labour, learn an outline at least of the system of pleading, getting up cases, conveyancing, and Chancery practice re spectively. Bat every scrap of knowledge thus gathered is picked up hap-hatard, without any pains being taken to present the parts of a system in their , interdependence and scientific relation. The strident has no more studied the law" when he has gone through this discipline than a man can be mid to have studied theology who has been turned loose into the British Museum, in utter ignorance, to pick out a system for himself from the fathers and scholars ; or than he can be called a student of chemistry who has the run of a laboratory, witk free leave to poison or blow himself up as often as he chooses. Tits proceedings in Ireland at the present general election would afford some capital sketches of cha racter to a skilful dramatic writer• It is a pity that we have nowadays no CuMßSat.sar• Of SHIM DAN to embody eome of the delicious extra of _ ~..“ravagenes the Irish politicians. Bat the genius which depicted a Major CYllo..rty or a Sir Lueine O'Trigger is not to be met with in every age. We must be content to laugh over the co medi es which those very un poetical writers. the reporters for the Irish press. send as over for exhilaration in these dull days when "the little theatre in the Haymarket" is closed. The Irish character, though as vehement and impulsive as ever, is not so pugnacious as it was in the last century. The lie direct was given more than once on the Cork hustings, but nobody heard of any of the usual consequences amongst the gintlemin." The lie direct was given at Waterford by an honour able baronet to an equally honourable gentleman, but there was no " affair of honour " in the case. The lie direct was given at Dundalk, but nobody took any notice of it. Thus a great point has been gained. It is evident that the Irish have given up duelling, and we rejoice to think so. We would, however, desire to Nee their public proceedings characterised by more Jand decorum. udging by the reports before us, we would hazard another remark on our neighbours. They do not ap pear to have so much wit and humour as heretofore. We ere more tempted by some Of their " sayings " to laugh at them than with them. Occasionally, how ever, their election contests are enlivened with the old humour of the country. At the Uni versity election, Mr. Burr, the well-known politioal *sister, made a poignant retort upon Mr. Einaw. On the day of nomination, after Mr. Burr bad addressed the electors, Mr. &taw said : " Spesidag, not as an Oxford graduate, but as an Irish gealisman, I will say that Mr. Borst speech proem nelbletbut the vulgarity of his own nature, whisk esteem ea odeestion at this univer sity weld mime Mr. Burr had no opportunity of replying. till mote time after, when: he took care is Ma the reorder " that it was a great pity wheat he lad Neared a redrhtg pension of three thesmindper mosissemas the es"sslidated fund, that be bad net also moaned to pat his tangos upon the civil list." But poigassey sarcasm. sod ponied aserbity of lan guage, have been ea"s"ed to the actors at the college election ; the reiwpslithad peritermers in the pro vinces overflowed with vitanerative altercation, and offensive dialogue, bat no Irish wit shines through the scolding. The days are gone when, in Ireland, the rival families in different counties and cities selected the most eloquent barristers to advocate their political claims at the hustings. Formerly there was a keen encounter of wit on the day of nomina tion. The audience were sure to be gratified by ;several " good things," raid by men of approved wit and eloquence. The struggle Was generally too much of a personal nature—the triumph of the individual rather than the public principle was sought. Nowa days, the mode has changed ; the wit and elo quence seem gone ; the factious violence remains. if the decline and fall of Irish popular wit was accompanied by the growth and increase of English good sense, one need not regret the change that is apparently taking place in Irish character. But we are scarcely justified by the proceedings reported in the Irish journals, in saying that our fel low-subjects are gaining in mese as they lose in wit. Fenuely,polities were pursued in Ireland as a means et eleney aWmtion. Ths Multiage were a stage on yid& ans was sure to meet with abundance of Int ibleepee and humour which appeared ellen biesdety the growth of the soil. The character of the people was manifested in their political pro- Deoddip. All the points of the Irish character under the influence of social excitement. 'mete es the humour and the swagger ; the vaunt he speech ; the happy repartee ; the sly allusion ; the semis anecdote; the oratorical enthusiasm, combined With brave deportment. No doubt there was reek leresess, and steady political wisdom was desidemted ,• but still there was much in the Irish public man of the last century, and of later times, with which we oould sympathise. He was a sort of Dow Casa* de Baum who pined upon our hew* while he lost our respect by his reckless escapades. After we re nounced him for some gratuitous lace of folly, he recovered our regards by some dazzling exploit in the public cause. But the Irish politician of our times has lost the brilliancy, and retained all the impudence, of his an cestors. He prevents us with the dregs of the Irish character—its stupid violence, its perversity, and un reasoning hatred. We miss the traits of the Irish gentleman, " racy of the soil," and recognise the features of the coarse democrat, reeking of the mire. In sexing this, we thiuk it right to add, that our remarks refer not to the Irish members of parliament (though several of themare obnoxious to the cenaure), but to the general class of local politicians, who busy themselves with Irish public affairs. The public business of that country is now in the hands of a totally different class from that which managed it thirty years ago. With the change of class has come a change of manners. Scandalous language, vile and pettifogging tricks, unhandsome subterfuges do not apparently throw discredit on the self-styled Irish gentleman. Formerly, the public business was transacted by an irresponsible oligarchy. All power vested in the hands of the protestant gentry; the ca tholic* were endured on sufferance. All the evils of an oligarchical rule were then produced. The sway of gentlemen exclusively taken from one prevailing interest was proved to be selfish, bigoted, unjust. A revolution was gradually effected. An immensely greater number of persons are now invested with public privileges. We now perceive what might have been antici pated . For some time to oome, Ireland must suffer from the inexperience and vanity of her popular poli ticians. Her reputation and fair fame will, probably, for a season suffer from their indecencies, impudence, and indecorum. But the evil, as in all similar cases, will cure itself. The reaction will not only be power ful, but permanent. As, in the last generation, the popular cry was against the gentlemen of the as cendancy, so probably in the coming time the call will be for an asceadancy of gentlemen. Such scenes as those recorded of the Rumens, CAL- I LAGHANS, FAGANS, and others, at Cork, will become " few and far between." In a country like Ireland, where the tendency of the popular character is to extravagance, it is very necessary that public men should be influenced and guided by what Mr. BURKE emphatically called " the spirit of a gentleman." We need hardly say that such a spirit is quite independent of class, and may exist in union with the most popular principles. The boldest friends of the people have often been men of the best breeding. Self-respect in her public men, and self-reliance in her citizens, are moral qualities which our sister-country should cherish by every means. It is only by fostering those qualities that • true public opinion in Ireland can be generated. No positive institution could confer each lasting and extensive good on that country as the existence of a sound public opinion. And we rejoice to perceive, amid the tumult and discord, some unmistakeable symptoms of the growth of a public mind in Ireland. We have received our correspondence and the jour nal, of Paris of Sunday. M. Guizot left Paris on Saturday for the Val Richer. He will attend the council general at Caen, and will from thence proceed to En to visit the King. His absence from Paris will be for three weeks, during which he will communicate daily with the Foreign-office by couriers. M. Salvandy, Minis ter of Public Instruction, has also left Paris with his family for Vichy. M. Dacbttel holds the office, ad interim, during his absence. The indisposition of the Prince de Joinville is said to be of a serious character. The Baron Pasquier, first physician of the King, has been sent to attend on him. He is daily expected at Toulon, whence he will immediately come to Paris, and thence to Eu. The Duke d'Aumale continues to be actively en gaged daily at the Hotel of Foreign Affairs, prepara tory to his departure for Algeria to assume his func tions as governor of that colony. He will be acorn panted by two lieutenants-general and a large staff. ne al Bedean will be continued in the office next under the prince governor, and will be in a great degree the real responsible governor of the colony. The Duke d'Aumale is now in his 26th year. The duchess, whose accouchement is daily expected, will proceed to Algiers as soon as her condition will admit. According to advioes from the frontiers of Cata lonia, of the 9th inst., the civil war continues to exhibit all the usual traits of savage cruelty in that province. The insurgents scatter proclamations through the country, in which they warn the royal troops that they will give no quarter to prisoners, and express sentiments of the utmost hatred and ven geance. Thus a struggle for extermination is prose cuted on both sides. On the sth six Carlist prisoners were shot at Gerona, in reprisal for the fifteen soldiers who were murdered near Manresa. The same day a Carlist band seized the mail courier between Cervera and hfanresa, and burned the correspondence. The Car lists continue to exact contributions from the proprietors of the province,whichtheytraverse. If the proprietor resist, they carry away the stock of the farmer,to whom they give a receipt, leaving him to settle with the landlord as he can. On the 3rd Marsal and Bon en tered the town of Fatany with their bands, and levied contributions. On their approach the municipal au thorities fled, and now apprehend being consigned to the island of Cabrera, hire those of San Pedro. The townspeople and their authorities are in a hard situa tion. If they remain they are exposed to the caprices of the insurgents; if they fly they are visited with exile by the royalists. Advice. have been received from Berne to the 11th inst. A very animated debate had taken place in the diet on the lOthand 1 Ith,on the report of the committee appointed to consider the proongs of the cantons of the league so far as respects the importation of the materiel of war, the construction of entrenchments, and other works of defence, and the enrolment of troops. The recommendations of the committee were adopted by a majority of twelve whole cantons and two half ones, being the same majority exactly as that which voted the dissolution of the Sonderbund. The debate in the diet on the 9th, 11th, and 12th, respecting the proceedings of the cantons of the league, exhibited a scene of violence without any pre vious example in that assembly, Speeches marked by oonaiderable eloquence and force were, it is said, delivered by several delegates, especially by M. Luvini, the deputy of Tesano ; M. Draey, deputy of Vaud ; and M. Ri ll iet-Constant, deputy of Geneva. The question was the adoption of the report of the committee of seven whieh had been appointed to in vestigate the alleged proceedings of the cantons of the Sonderbund in importing munitions of war, con structing fortifications and works of defence, and enrolling troop. It appeared by the report that since the rumba- an of the "fat he dissolving the Sander band, the isms warms love rarebit& eir activity, having organised the huristress, and distributed arms and samilines. Considerable quantities of muskets and ammunition have arrived to them from Alsace, supplied, it is mid, from the arsenals of Strasburg, and from the north of Italy supplied b,y the Austrian government. The recommendations of the committee are, first, that the separatist cantons be required to abstain from all manifestations which teed to disturb the general tranquillity; and, secondly, that the other cantons be required to atop all convoys of arms, or ammunition, or other supplies of war, which may enter their territories, respectively, and to give doe notice of such 'applies to the federal government. These recommendations have been adopted in the diet by the same majority, twelve states and two half states, as voted for the dissolution of the Sonderbund. This decision, like the former resolutions of the diet, was expected to be met by a protestation from the delegates of the league, on the ground that it is an encroachment on their cantonal sovereignty, and an infraction of the I lth article of the pact of 1815, which guarantees freedom of commerce to the cantons It is contended that arms andammanition beingobjects of commerce, their free circulation cannot be impeded consistently with that article ; and that the separate sovereignty of the cantons necessarily invests them with the right to raise fortresses and levy armies. Some of the correspondents of the French ournals affirm that if the cantons of the Sonderbun d do not immediately submit to the decision of the diet, the federal executive will resort to force of arms, and a struggle between the cantons will ensue. Other letters say, however, that the resolutions of the diet will be submitted to without resistance. The journals of Berne give some ' circumstances which countenance this latter opinion. It seems that General do Sonnenberg, an officer in the service of the league. was lately passing i n rev i ew the Landwehr, Neukirchen, ip the canton of Lu cerne, which he ordered to premed with its UMW in rainy weather. Murmurs broke out thenrupon in the ranks, and the troops began to disperse. M. de Sonnenberg then with menaces ordered the roll to be called ever. This became the Niguel for general and immediate disbanding. The men dispersed, shouting " Down with the Sonderbund ! Hurrah for the federal troops ! When they arrive, instead of tiring upon them, we will present arms to them!" Advicea from Bologna of the 7th have brought alarming reports of the state of Ferrara. On the 6th, that city was overrun by the Austrian troops, on the pretence that an officer had been arrested by the civic guard, which was disavowed by the cardinal legate. Patrols of Austrians traversed the town, which had orders to fire upon all persons who did not make a certain answer to the German (gni vire?) "wee da." The cardinal legate made a formal protestation, attested by a notary, against this, and sent an express to Rome for instructions. The latest accounts say that a division of Austrians had already fired on the people. Copies of the protestation had been sent to Rome, Verona, Milan, and to the governor of the for tress of Ferrara. The latest accounts state that the Austrian troops, on some trivial pretence, having issued from the citadel, overran the town, in spite of the remon strances and protestations of the cardinal legate. The Itatiana, a Bolognese journal, gives a letter from Ferrara, from which we take the following extracts : In consequence of a report male by an Austrian officer, who pretended he had been stopped in the evening of Sun day last (August 1) by a patrol of the civic guard, and com pelled to sing and dance, the general commending the Austrian garrison had troops stationed along the Spinets (the esplanade.) Cardinal Ciseehi, legate of the province, having endeavoured, but in vain, to persuade the general that the report was inexact, ordered the civic guard not to allow the patrols to go within the Esplanade, to avoid a collision. The general waited on the legate this morning, ' declaring, that in consequence of the orders he had just received, and in order to eosinre the safety of those officers he would send his patrols through the streets at night, and that they should receive orders to fire upon the people in ease of tomtit, and even on the civic patrols themselves, if they refuse to sewer the verdo (who goes there ?) by the words Prattville Romano. The cardinal having replied thathe should protest most formally against this delon, the general replied, " Your minence will act as you think proper, but I shall strictly obey the orders I have received." Cardinal Ciaochi then prepared a protestation, and sent it to Rome by estafette, sad ordered the civic patrols not to go their rounds. Every one has promised to be eirmunspeit, but the whole population is in consternation, and in expecte tion of some great disaster. 10 p.m.—Detachments of Aus trian troops from the fortress are patrolling in every part of the city. One of them, which arrived about a quarter of an hour ago, at the crossroad of the Geigadello, seeing some one coming towards them in the dark, fired three shots; one towards the Strada de Gargadello, and the two others down the Strada del Beatardine. Another shot was fired at the gardener della Grotto. Fortunately no one was injured, but public indignation is extreme. The Cardinal-legate immediately sent orders to the civic patrols to keep themselves in reach nessLin their respective quarters. Midnight. —The protes tation of Cardinal Ciacclu has just been deposited at the aoteire'e, M. Monti. An authentic copy has been sent to Rome, to Verona (headquarters of the Austrian army of Italy), and to Milan. A copy has also been sent to the general commanding the garrison of the (entrees of Ferrara. MADRID, Aro. 10. Pacheco has at last determined to face the palace question manfully, and to stand or fall by his success in settling it. He went to La Crania, determined to resign if he could not bring the Queen to Madrid, which was the essential preliminary. Not without great exertion, and an obstinate struggle, this point was at last conceded. The issue hung, no doubt, upon the vault of the interview of Senor Benavides with the King on Sunday, and the decision of the Queen is a pledge that the negotiation of the Home Minister was successful. The Queen is expected to arrive at Madrid on Friday ; and if a report which is hourly gaining credit speak true, the King will join her at the palace on the same evening. lEverybodp, except those who are personally in terested in the continued separation of the royal couple--and such constitute a discontented and ambi tious faction fortunately far from dominant—is in • state of jubilant expectance to see this matrimonial reconciliation realised. The King will enter the palace, it is said, without making any condition which is incompatible with the Queen's authority as head of the state, or which is in opposition to the Queen's personal tastes and inclinations. He will not seek to commend in the royal house, nor to exclude from it welt parsons as are not agreeable to him. He will have hie own suite of apartments, where he will be entirely independent and free from constraint ; he will have his own set of officers and attendants 1 he will enjoy a considerable dotation ; he will attimr, I with the Queen in public upon all such state user ions as usage exacta. Thus at least the pulite scandal of open domestic separation will be put am end to, and what is still more important, the hopes I of the nation may be crowned by a legitimate and indisputable rucceasion. Should the King at the eleventh hour change his mind—should there be a slip between this unhopei for cup of good fortune and—not to . speakit pe► finely—the royal lips, Pacheco will resign and SSW muses will attempt to form a ministry ; bu , t, wanting the moral support which the antecedents of Pacheco conciliate to the t cabinet, he will not be abbe to comaet a stable one. In that case, it is an. ceedingly probable that the moderate tree,- sistaa, the centre gauche, or Thiers party in /pain, who acknowledge Cortina for their chid, might come in. It is hardly worth while to to the future so far as to inquire whether a Qsti na cabinet, Coming in upon the supposition that the reunion of the King and Queen is unpraelcable, would attempt to resolve the palace question in an other sense, by cutting the matrimonial knot. It is said that the arrival of despatches from Rome during the last ministerial crisis, which represented the difficulties that would arise in the negotiations with the Holy See from the continued separation of the royal pair, contributed to the favourable issue of the task taken in hand by the premier. The Queen will leave La Granja ,:on Thursday night. Salamanca came back to Madrid on Sunday, Pacheco yesterday. It is mid the Queen intends to occupy her mother's apartments in the palace. No sooner had the rumours of a ministerial break up cased to occupy the people about court, than they had a new cud presented them to chew upon ; nothing lees than an attempt to asuman . ate Serrano by means of a letter charged with fulminating powder. The letter arrived while he wu absent, upon Sunday. The high postage charged (30 reels), and its con siderable bulk, drew attention, and excited the sus picions of his mother. Her maternal instinct divined some mortal mischief lurking beneath the cover, and when Serrano returned, her careful fore sight caused him to cut the envelope open instead of breaking the seal. By th is cau tion he was saved from being the victim of bin amassination ; for the letter was found leak billy combustibles. The Faro tries, maliciously amp* to fix this foul scheme upon its political op timists, declaring that it received a copy of a letter odeopeed to Serrano from Zaragoza, and threatening bia trilk horrible vengeance unless he listened to the polmisos of the popular party. The Montemolinist news is not of much import mem Don Fulgencio Smith (delicious bathos!) en countered Cabecilla Botjer and his band near Alcover recently. One of the Geniis was killed, and the rest dispersed. Some guns, cloaks, &c., fell into the hands of the soldiers. - Five of the rebel prisoners taken after the action of Vidrieras were shot at Gerona on the 4th. Cabecilla Griset has addressed a circular (in which he styles himself Captain-General of Catalonia for King Charles VI.) to the holders of national pro perty in Segura, Urgal, and the plain of Tarragona, calling upon them to pay the impoeta due upon such estates. General Cepa has been restored to his rank of -- 4 -cieneral of the Nary. A demo in to-day's Gazette organises the medical department in the navy into *Board of Health, and makes some useful changes in it. Captain John Lownahead, who saved some Spanish wreckers in May last, and brought them, after 24 days, into Galway harbour, putting his own crew during that time upon half rations, is presented with the naval decoration, called the Cross of the Royal Diadem. Another decree has been signed by the Queen, confining the duties levied at the gates of towns to common articles of consumption, and will be published in a few days. ROME, Aco. 8. To the ordinary observer or trans-Alpine visitant this old metropolis seems, what it bath long been, solemnly serene and dignified in its dull repose; but behind the scenes there is much silent activity, and, 17, 1847. as in the calm flow of its owe be incessant whirl pools keep eddying beneath' the current. At this moment I have ascertained that in the Cantle St. Angelo there ere two tens, near the battlement from which Benvenuto Cailini boasts of having fired his arquebus, with deadly effect on Constable Bourbon, fitted up to look like comfortable chambers (barring the windows) ; and these snag quarters are evidently destined for no vulgar occupants. Many names are circulated, but shall not find place in your columns, unless on authentic data. Domenico Cavaletti, the chief director of the police for the district of Velletri and all the Pontine marshes, was brought in a pri mmer yesterday, and added to the Catilinarian mis cellany assembled in the careere nuoro. His con nexion with the disturbers has been proven by the revelations already made, and great satisfaction is felt at the retribution dealt on official delinquency : In pursuance of the pontifical mandate, Lambruschini has been summoned from his maritime retreat, and is expected here to-day or to-mcrrow. Every precau tion is taken by the national guard to protect his en trance from the fury of the mob. The maggiordoino, Pallavicini, is in a state of contumacious outlawry at Genoa : his doings in the various forms of peculation on the palace expenditure for years have far eclipsed the scandal of General Cubietres, Teete, or Pellapra on your side of the Alps ; and the partner of his abstrao tient), Col. P fey ffer, commandant of the Swiss beef-eaters (whose name occurred before in this correspondence as presenting Fanny Elsner to the Pope), has ab sconded, not in the odour of integrity. Indeed we are told here that on his arrival at Lucerne be was arrested by order of the canton, and will be stet back. The trade in soldiers which that enlightened community has carried on so lucratively with Rome for centuries is too valuable a branch of industry to jeopardise for the sake of the noble race of Pfevffer. On Sunday last an attempt was to have been'made, asadernier ressort, to throw the trasterere quarter into cenfasion, in the mad hope of rekindling the trampled out embers of political conflagration. The occasion selected was the annual grand procession of the Boecaletti,so called because the glassblowers of Rome, a very . numerous trade (owing to the fragile nature of our wine flasks), form an imposing muster in the show, and carry specimens of their handicraft. The conspirators paid, apparently, no deference to the precept of Horace : -nada In arum Itrtltite menials Putnam Thrseuns rat; but calculated on much confusion arising out of broken bottles. This babble has happily beret innoccuously. Chief Secretary Ferretti was on the ground at an early hour with his inborn energy, and overawed the malignant& There were no bones or flagons broken. Talking of our new state secretary, his brother Pietro Ferretti has come up from Naples, at the re quest of Pine, and is installed at the head of the finance department, conjointly with the late Bavarian legate Morichini. Treasurer Antonclli has been cashiered— a measure which, six months ago, I advocated in your paper, knowing how deeply ho was involved in the corn speculations of his brother at Ancona. Count Pietro Ferretti is a man of most Cato-like inte grity, stern in his opinions and of cast-iron in flexibility. He headed the outbreak against "Gregory, in 1831, and was proclaimed leader by the northern part of the legations. Crashed by the overwhelming march of Austrian Vandals, that effort was not productive of any result : but Ferretti, profiting by the French occupation of Ancona, insisted on terms of capitulation, which Gregory, once the danger over, shamefully disregarded. Count Pietro, having staked all his fortune on the die, passed the following sixteen years as simple clerk in a Neapoli tan counting-house—not aware that he was qualify ing himself for the direction of pontifical finance. He was, of course, included in his cousin's act of amnesty to exiled rebels. Another brother, Count Christopher Ferretti, is also in Rome--an old veteran, who fought at Marengo and at Wagnun, bat had in early life been a knight of St. John, and now re sumes in that ilk the highest wet, hat of " grand issilli " and " Turcopolier" of the order of Malta. Count Mastai, father of Pius IX., was singularly blest in his marriage with a daughter and heiress of this old stock, of which he took the name. The army is taken out of the hands of clergymen altogether, and Abbate Fraaainelli must now give up the charge of dragoons for the cure of souls. That gentle personage, Medici Spada, whose geological collection is a great effort for Rome, will have now more leisure to show it to foreigners and the ladies. This ecclesiastic, who has nothing warlike about him but his name (spada means a sword, and not a spade, though so translated in the pack of cards), still ad vertises on the walls of Rome for biscuit, knapsacks, and canteens : but Colonel Bruti, aided by lawyer Ridolii, have superseded him in the working depart ment, and his gunpowder occupation is gone. By the way, the Austrian general who had marched into Ferrara with twice a thousand men and then marched "bock agin," has had the ludicrous au dacity to come up hero to Rome complaining of Car dinal Legate Ciacchi for not giving his men free quarters as he had been induced to expect He says loudly that he has in his possession the written invi tation of the late State Secretary Gizzi to come over the border. If such a document in such hand writing be really forthcoming, it will go hard with the late official, but forgeries have already been com mitted on the gouty old gentleman, and why not this? The whiskered German demands satisfaction forbeing hissed andleft withoutledgings, when invited by a friendly power to drop in and take pot luck. The public treasury loses 250,000 dollars by the re duction of the tax on salt. It is all very well for ,Peel, with the resources of John Bull, to pride himself on a reduced tariff; but the Pope has made in this matter a much greater sacrifice in proportion for the benefit of the poor consumers in his territory. The general look-out of all parties here is for the monster trial of the conspirators, which will be held in the great hall of the Capitol. The impeached or suspected portion of the cardinals show a most demonstrative anxiety that every degree of publicity should be given to the prosecution, and the various law agents and others concerned are working double tides. The interest it excites is not less than was felt in the great case against Verres once pleaded in this vicinity, or that of Warren Hastings in your neighbourhood. The most stirring accounts come up from Naples. All Calabria in a blaze. Three Swiss regiments sent off in panic haste to meet a whole province up in aro* their withdrawal from the capital allowing free scope to metropolitan insurrection. Clandestine presses. Arrests. General dismay and dimorgai,i melon. FRANCE.—DUEL OF MM. B RAD VALLON AND DUJAILIIIIM—PRAJORT. — It will be recollected that 'navel months dna M. Beauvallon was tried at Rouen for ki M. Dujarrier, one of the editors of La Press*, in a das,lllZl was acquitted. After the trial circumstances afforded grounds for a charge of film testimony against M. d'Beque f Tilley, one of the witnesses in the cue, which testimony had formed part of the ground upon which the verdict of acquittal wee rendered. M. d'Ecquevilley has just been tried before the Court of Lasses of the Seine on this charge. The per jury related to the following facts :—Before the duel M. Bertrand, coo of the seconds of M. Dujarrier, having ex amined the pistols, which were sup lied by M. d'Bussvil ley, and inserted a finger in one of the barrels, found that it was blackened, from which circumstance he inferred that they had been tried, and put the question to M. d'Ecque villvy, who replied that they had been merely flambe! , (flashed with powder), and that M. &munition had never before used them. M. d'Ecquevilley had previously repre sented to the other seconds that the pistols were his own, he having parchesel them of M. Denman, the gunsmith; whereas ht transpired that they were is reality the pistols of M. Granter de Camegnae, the brother-in-law of M. Beau sabots, who had often practised with them M. Beauval lon was acquitted of the charge of murder, but was con demned to pay heavy damages to the mother of M. Du jarrier, who prosecuted se porlie dolls in the cause. To avoid payment of this sum Beauvallon fed to Spain, as did also his second, d'Boquesillay, who holds the rank of captain in the Spanish army. A long time had not elapsed before an acquaintance of d'Eequevilley, M. de Melnard, made im portant disclosures, to the effect that he knew the pistols used in the duel to he those of the brother-in-law of M. lleauvallon ; that they had bean tried before the duel by the latter in the garden of the house where d'Ecquevilley resided ; and that &envelop, who performed some shots which excited his admiration, replied that he was perfectly acquainted with the pistols, as they belonged to his br oth er-in-law. Upon this the indictment againstd'Ecquevillejwis framed. In the oeurseofthistrialM. Beauvallon appeared se a witness on behalf of the accused, and the testimony which he gave being compared with the established facts of the case and the evidence of other wit nesses was, in the opinion of the court, such as to place the judge under the necessity, in the discharge of his functions, of committing M. Beauvallon to the Coniergeris on the charge of giving false testimony. An observation having fallen from M. Beauvallon in the court, to the effect that the pro ceeding of the president would have the effect of producing a duel between him and M. Bertrand (the son of the Mar shal of France of that name), the president, at the close of his charge to the jury, said, " Raving thus, gentlemen, placed before you the circumstances of the accusation, allow me to notice the impudence of that man whom I ordered into anat_ to-day, and who will no doubt be prosecuted. It was not without indignation that we heard him my te the court, You desire, then, to have a duel between me and Arthur Bertrand!' Oentlemsen, a duel of any geetismen with Beauvais is now impossible ; for if as t h e gammeoler mda r taias, he have not used mak aim is the id wish Daimler, he mast be salabsd to Imo tams sospicioss w Beauvallon is a person who can no looser lad e = series. A man et honour would utterly lass Ids if he olusald ae Zt r ehalleage from him." Thar words et die vow reasived by the leme m rse l e s at r which t he exert with an axprassisa aloud end general atiprobadesi, which, however, Ina intmdiately !UP . - At theism of a preimegeillealMigedisa and legal '=ion, the pay, after retiring for sal, tee minutes de clared by the saw& of their foreman : .Oa my honour and conscience, in the sight of God madmen, the verdict of the jury is—' The accused is guilty.' The verdict is bound by a majority: there are extenuating circumstances" The court retired for a quarter of an hour to deliberate, and on its re turn pronounced sentence against Hcquevilley of tea years' solitary imprisonment, without public exposure. He was also declared liable for amts. EXTRAORDINARY HAIL STORM.—On Wednesday, August 4, at about 3 p.m., an extraordinary storm swept over the town of Ilia and its vicinity. Hail fell for nearly Indian hour in such vast quantity that where it could ag glomerate it was left in heaps a yard high. Its effect on the vines was so destructive that nothing is left but their bare stalks; the beans, corn, potatoes, and fruit have also disappeared. The storm took a direction from west to east. The breadth was of no great extent, for it scarcely covered a quarter of a league ; bat it was considerable in length. Taking its rise at Col-del. Bosch, at about 4 kilometres from Fax, it devastated successively the commune§ de Lavelanet, Sainte-Colombes sur Lhers, Chalabre, and reached Quillen, in the department of the Aude. It is impomible to calculate the total loos, but some idea can be formed of it by that sustained by a M. Perie, nursery gardener, at Fax, which has been estimated at from 20,900 to 22,000 francs. BELOIUM.—BnussELs, Auo. 14.—The new mi nisters, in their official programme, declare their resolution to maintain the civil powers, independence of the clergy, and clerical influence. This principle will be especially ad hered to with reference to the question of public education. Bills are to be submitted to the Chambers for altering the mode of nominating the examiners for university degrees ; for restoring the mode of election in communes to the provi sions of the law of 1836; for the abolition of Coe practice of nominating burgomasters not of the municipal council ; and for increasing the number of electors. The programme pro mises to avoid every increase of the tariff; and, with regard to alimentary substances, to steer clear of the old protective corn law, and avoid the sliding scale. AUSTRIA.—VIENNA, AUG. 7.—lt is affirmed, that although the orders for the march of the Austrian troops on the frontiers of Italy and Switzerland is not yet carried into effect, it has not been revoked. HAMBURG, AUG. 14.—Le Baron d'Uchtrit, cham berlain to his Majesty the King of Saxony, end Leopold de Meyer, arrived here yesterday, by the General Steam Navigation Company's mail steam-ship Countess of Lona dale, from London. Ebt Court. Major-Gen. Bowles left her Majesty's marine resi dence, Osborne, Isle of Wight, yesterday morning, for town. The Dowager Lady Lyttelton remains at Osborne with Prince Alfred, the Princess Alice, and the Princess Helena. The Right Hon. Sir Edward Ryan returned to town yesterday. Despatches were sent off yesterday evening from the Colonial-office, for the Governor of Jamaica, and also for the governors of the other West India colonies. Her Majesty, the Queen Dowager, attended by a limited retinue, will loans this country for Madeira at the close of the ensuing month. —St' andard. Prince Waldemar, with Baron Lamer Munchatmen, Count d'Oriolla, and Count Groeben, arrived at Inverness on Friday lad, and intended to pursue his journey further north. His Royal Highness and his gallant attendants are to arrive at Loch Laggan, to visit her Majesty and the Prince Consort, at the Marquis of Abercorn'a ,hooting-box. DEATH OF LADY ELEANOR BORTESCCE.—Lady Eleanor Fortescue, sister of the Earl Fortescue (the Lord Steward of her Majesty's household), died on Thursday morning at Wear. Gifford, near Bideford, Devan, after a short illness. The lamented deceased was taken unwell on Tuesday last, her indisposition not exciting particular alarm ; but an unexpected change took place, we regret to say for the worse, and she died on Thursday morning. The venera ble countess-dowager, now in her 87th year, to whom the de ceased had long devoted her whole time, is severely &streamed at the sudden bereavement she has experienced. The Lord Steward and the Countess Fortescue were on the eve of welcoming a large party at Castle-hill when the melancholy news leached them, and of course all the contemplated fes tivities were put off to an indefinite period. The families of Viscount and Viscountess Ebrington, Lord and Lady Courtenay, Sir John and Lady Mary Hamlyn Williams, the Dowoger Lady King, the Hon. George and Lady Louisa Fortercue, the lion. Newton and Lady Catherine ellowes, Mr. G. and Lady Anne Wilbraham, &c., are placed in mourning by the death of Lady Eleanor, who was in her 49th year. DEATH OP VICE-ADMIRAL BENDALL R. LITTLE HALES.—The demise of the above gallant admiral took place a few days since at Compton Bishop, Somersetohire, at the advanced age of 82 years. The deceased flsg-officer was midshipman on board the Vigilant in 1778, and waisted in the action between the English and French fleet, under Admiral Keppel and Admiral D'Orvilliers, off Bred, in the month of July. In the following year, having removed to the Royal Oak, he was in the action off Grenada. He obtained the rank of lieutenant in 1790 ; and in the Rose, in 1794, he assisted at the storming of Fort Louis, at Martinique. He gallantly dis tinguished himself when in the West Indies, particularly when in the Beaulieu, when he boarded a French store-ship of 18 guns, immediately under a battery at Guadeloupe. When in command of the Amazon, he fought a gallant ac tion with the Droits de l'Honame, a ship of 80 guns, in 1797 ; and he commanded the Centaur at the capture of St. Lucie, in 1803. His commission bore date so follows:—lieut., Sept. 21, 1790; commander, Sept. 27, 1797 ; captain, May 1 , 5, 1800; rear-admiral, July 22, 1830; and vice-admiral, Aug. 17, 1840. HER MAJESTY'S VOYAGE. On Sunday, at one o'clock, the royal squadron was I descried in Carnarvon Bsy, and the movements of the vessels were immediately signalled from the pilot station at Llanddwyn up to the town. It was soon manifest that her Majesty intended to pass throneb the Menai Straits, and Car same became a scene of excitement. As her Majesty had been folly e xp ected on the previous day, everything was is . readiness. Colours were hoisted on all the principal building., i the Porthyr-aur, Custom-house, Town hail , te., and the varionsveseels in the harbour ai d straitswere gailydeoerated. I The quays, town wall, pier head, sad every available spot of gromid were crowded with people, all anxious to obtain a view of the royal party, who, however, were not distinctly visible, oV to the distance from the there. At half-past two, the two yachts, the Fairy and the Victoria and Albert, with her jesty, Prutoe Albert, and the suite, &c..,0n board, arrived at Carnarvon, somewhat to the surprise of those who i had, judging bra the dangerous navigation of the 'traits, predicted predictedhat, with their precious freight, thew in command would not venture down that way. The burthen of the four accompanying steamers was considered too great to admit of their passage and they proceeded down the channel, through the eta-roads, to join the yachts in Beaumaris Bay. Four cannon had been placed on Carnarvon Pier, and the appearance of the yachts was the signal for repeated salutes. The pier bead and neighbour ing heights were crowded with spectators, and nothing I could be more animating than the seen.. The royal party did not land, but the yachts waited in the river oppo site the town for about ten minutes, and the mayor, Thomas Turner, Esq., with Dr. Roberta, the deputy•constable of the castle, proceeded in a boat to pay their respects. They were received with extreme affability and kindness. Caruarvon L memorable as the birth-place of the first Prince of Wales, and, ea a matter of course, the young prince, who was dressed an a nellama. wee introduced. Her Majesty appeared in excellent hod* era spirits. The yeekte stayed trout ten minutes off Carnarvon ; and r the Miens' ass skiing, it was found desirable to proceed dews the talus at a geed speed. Two steamers, laden with IbilewoL As the yacbta proceeded, they were raps/1111.1116.05110iie the neighbouring heights by salutes of 11=100. Hie Agel Highness Prince Albert, who re mained cm deck *Meg the whole time, appeared charred with the bank of the scenery. On the pats reaching the arms Menai reread= bridge, they cast anchor ; his royal highness, *MOM. pared by Sir G. Grey and another, leaded is a boat, and proceeded to view the kddige. He appeared deeply in terested in it, travailed it tree" and the party remained there nearly an hour. Here her Majesty appeared on deck, and took a sketch of the bridge. She was plainly attired in a black dress, straw bonnet, and brown veil ; and the twe royal children were seen playing around her. She was hailed by hearty cheering, moderated by the feet only that it was Sunday. About a quarter to five o'clock the yachts left the bridge, and steamed down to meet the squadron in the cross roads. After leaving the bridge, the royal yacht preesected about two miles down the river, and then mat anchor oppadte to Bangor, near Garth Prat, oa the Anglesey shorn Prince Albert, with two or three members of the suite, disem barked, and proceeded in a boat to Bangor, for the purpose of inspecting Penrhyn Castle, the noble and princely man sion of Col. Douglas Pennant, the new member for the county. The visit to this place was a totally unexpected honour, so that no carriage was in waiting to receive him ; but one belonging to a slate merchant in the town, who hap pened to be with it on the spot, was immediately placed at the disposal of the distinguished visitors, who speedily drove off, passing through Bangor irscog. The royal yacht, with her Majesty on board, lay in the river upwards of an hour awaiting his return. This afforded to several parties who crowded out in boats an eagerly sought opportunity to see the Queen. Her Majesty, with the young Prince of Wales, was on deck a considerable part of the time, and graciontly acknowledged the salutations of those who passed. The Mayor of Carnarvon, the deputy constable of the castle, with the other authorities of that ancient town, who bed followed in carriages the royal pro gress down the river, also availed themselves of the oppor tunity to go on board and present the following congratn latory ad&ses Moit Gracious Sovereign.—We, your dutiful aid loyal subjects, the Inhabitants of this ancient town, most humbly approach your Majesty, to give utterance, in far as we arc able, to our feelings of exulting joy at your presence among as; and to tender the haune of our sincerest gratitade, attachment, and revert. We omit from oar hearts; bat If we fad mime ammo to pour Wiest, haw thankful we are tkat year seW meseosesged se ear by year Illimirlows ceases% were - *Pm brae air el t a b • *MB war ; sod tint yea king wise Yo ... tawr e g ot% =lds didissilee hem this Gir Orr m, est lest bras wend o. whi spsei mi =belese es, and al et te. rtsarrithatweW ssialehriellentrdy Md. Ithatirea. rot that alb es forel.4 owl so Ireilmals rpm )16. INF b. p r ef " l " WWI. mhot7. } f ir p that th e etwasteetllghe bermes may la shed upon pear paa ; and that, ender year leafewest metes. OMNI Britain meg rise es an essilleree antra BM ORM motholded in the mosebelthewerld. Tao genthemme oemparileg the deputation were very emir. teously received, and came to shore Fond el the privilege which they had enjoyed. At seven o'clock, the vessels of the royal squadron which had gone round by the main channel emerged from the cross roads, and moored off Puffin Island, and in lees than half an hour afterwards, the prince having re-embarked, the yacht got under weigh, and with the Garland proceeded down the river. The event was announced by the firing of cannon on Beaumaris•green; and as a general opinion had been entertained that her Majesty would die embark at Beaumarie, and stay there during th e night, the inhabitants and the numerous straw!, re in town ran crowding to the pier. Here, however, they were destined to disappointment, for the royal yacht, which was within 200 yards of the shore, steamed directly post, and proceeded to join the squadron off Puffin Island, where anchor was cast for the night. Her Majesty waved her hand kerchief, in acknowledgment of the cheer with which she was greeted on passing Beaumaris Pier. At break of day (half-post 4 o'clock) the royal fleet stood out to sea; and as it would reach the Isle of Mu by 10 o'clock, the general opinion entertained was that it would make but a short stay there and proceed at once with th e voyage, anchoring off the Sco ttish coast last night; but this is only conjecture. The weather was delightful, and the sea smooth. Our Scotch correspondeate are getting more and more ex. cited as the day and hour of her Majesty's advent approaches. From Rothermy, an honest gentleman writes in iambics, at the prospect of the time-worn castle (and fishing village) being visited for the first time by a queen of the line of Brunswick, leading in her hand her little duke, who derive, his title from it. One piece of intelligence wo gather from his Ossianic period*. Captain Charles Robinson, who is to pilot her Majesty through the "Kyles of Bute," and is to have the honour of knighthood conferred upon him. From the banks of Loch Fine, another friend sends a glowing description of the intended muster of his clan, " all plaided and plumed in their tartan array." Of course oar friendly informant will take his place as one of the clan elder, who clustered round the banner of Maccalltimore. Will he allow us to suggest, that seeing he adds to his hereditary honours those which the Scottish bar confers, he can only be completely characteristic and correct in his costume by in duing the gown and wig of advocate over the tartan jacket, philabeg and sparran mohr. And when he blazes forth is all these compound honour*, " may we be there to see" their effect on the astonished gaze of royalty. ENGLISH CONSTITUENCI through roar piper, to draw tb readers to an anomaly in our the following beta will abunda Timm Members. Voters Buckingham 2 ... 39 3 CUlppemlasm Coelermouth 2 ... 399 Desire. Dorehooter 2 .. Sie Haddon Huntingdon Marlborough 2 25 Richmond Moon Wycombe &dodo Kordesbomagh 2 ... 24 Tolam Harwich 2 193 Thetford . Lymlogton 2 30 Ludlow Marlow Teristocl. TES. Sir, Permit me, de attention of your numerous representa e tavesystam, muy prove Towne. Magibra Vim Geteshead h e l ls Mil yt ton-with r-Lyedi Dudley althe roe .. as Be ..... 41111 Wet t Nary ».. I Bodo dele - Clutha= Wakefield ........-- 711 Trueulouia fel Whitby .. loath 71$ - Rye Sbafteeleery 1 Total From the left-hand column, then, it is evident that each of the 42 member is returned to parliament by 168 voters, within a fraction, it we divide the total number of voters by the total number of member; but from the right-hand column we find, in pursuing the same course, that each of the 21 members is returned by 689 voters, within a fraction. These figures, I trust, sufficiently prove that a minority of voters send a majority of members to parliament. Let us further cons he two following columns with each other, in which this anomaly in our representative system is even more glaring Towns. Member. Voters. Burr SL Edmund's.. 2 ... 741 Macclesfield Stamford. 2 ... 838 mermouth 2 . 727 Hertford 2 . 823 Leorahtster 2 ... 333 Lichfield 2 . 724 Melton Peterborough Scarborough 2 ... 337 Tantesorth Towns. Member's. Voters. Coven 3,124 Exeter Leeds Hanchester ...,. Newelualaair Type Liverpool Woreciter Dewonport Preston Bristol Birmingham Total Here we observe, by dividing the total number of Totem by the total number of members of the left-hand column, that each member is returned by 315 voters; but in the right hand column each member is returned by 3.099 voters. In addition, it must be takeninto consideration that the popish hen of the towns in the right-band columns is by far more extensive, and the towns themselves of much greater impor tance. Prior to any extension of the suffrage, I think it ' highly necessary that an alteration should take place with regard to the overwhelming number of members who are returned by the smaller towns and boroughs, in opposition to the more important and extensive ones. No honest politi cian, I am pure, can for one moment doubt the immediate necessity of a reform in this matter.—Joux Isonessi Locx- HART, Fulham, Aug. 16. THE EXTRAORDINARY FLIGHT OF INSECTS.— Sir, —The singular insect immigration recorded in the in twsting paragraph in this day's Express was not pecu liar to the Essex coast. About mid-day on Friday my chambers were visited by numbers of the insect wendwara Ply table, which was situated near an open window, was in the course of a few minutes completely sprinkled with them. I am no entomologist, but, in sweeping off several dozens Oren my papers, I observed at least two varieties ; so, at = took them to be, from the difference of hue and the of spots on the wings. Some of these " lady- Was ^ were of very large size.—W. J., New-inn, Aug, 16. A/seems correspondent says • " Brighton was swarmed with then keen visitor: on Saturday and Sunday. They were wished by thousand, upon the pavement of the Grand Penis aid the aijoining streets; whilst the houses, the hems, and even the cloths of all pedestrians were dotted over by the tawny strangers Children were seen gather fog them up for amusement literally in bandsfull. A similar swarm visited Brigbtoo about seven years ago, sad a slighter visitation of the same kind wax experienced three years since." We learn from another source that a similar visitation was experienced at Itarnsatate and Margate, where what appeared to be a long cloud bent its course to the southern coast, from the direction of Calais and (Mend, which bad the appearance of a long column of smoke from the Rue of a steam-ship on a calm day. In the evening the promenaders on the several promenades and eat of the' above plata were literally covered with lady birds. Thus, many of those persons who had been most exposed, on their return to their homes Ina themselves not only enveloped with this compact little shell insect, but so regularly dotted on the clothes, that it had the appearance of scale armour. At an early hoar on Friday morning, the whole of the line of coast was found to be covered with them. In order to give the reader a correct idea of the extent and quantity of these unwelcome settle", five bushels were swept from the Margate-pier, and nose, the same from that of Renovate Harbour. To walk on them might be readily compared to walking on snow tie a frosty day. THE LAW OP CHURCH-RATES.—A question of the Mrimportance to the church and to parishioners gene , i l i tas just occurred, and which will probably tend to a nahlement of this hitherto bitterly agitated question. At no Bishop of Gloucester's visitation, now In course cite* hold. Ws lordship summoned before him the cburchwerea ofadmineter, Mr. BristoL In newer to questions bow the row. prelate, the churchwarden replied that the man extremely large, that there was very inn& West essonstodation for the parishioners, and that tin elm& lank so dilapidated a state that unless speedily to stared mould inevitably fell. He added, as a reason he this gnawe k d neglect, that vestry after vestry had bow called for the purpose of levying a church-rate, but that the parishioners invariably opposed it, and them were arse quently no funds in band with which to make the necemer7 repairs. The bishep inquired whether or not ths chart& warden was acquainted with the decision of the Lord Chief Justin os the subject of levying church-rate. irrespective 01 the votes of the vestry ? to which the churchwsrdeo replied that he was aware oldie law as laid down by the lemma judge, but had abstained front acting upon it. The bishop ordered that another vestry meeting should be moose within a month, and that in the event of the rate being aril refused, the churehwardena should proceed to teams 00 under the decision of the Lord Chief Justice. The pc rishioners,it appears, are determined to oppose the izliesi• tion of a rate, so that in all probability the mattes' long be brought before the Ecclesiastical Court. INQUESTS ' YRSTERDAY.—DEATH PROM Fort All. —Before Mr. Bedford, by adjournment, at the Crown, Icor acre, on the body of George Groin, aged 30, a labatun', lately residinentNo. 5, Langley-court, in the above thormA fare, whose death was alleged to have arisen from the NO air coming from the drain of the house which was s t a ted, in conjunction with others in the immediate neighbourbraite be in such a state as to endanger the lives of the inhabittuda —Mr. Le Breton stated that Long-acre was wittiest a regular sewer. The commissioners bad laid before the owe en of property in that district several plans some years ago, he the hope that they would build a sewer, though up to the pm' sent time nothing had been done. In the last session of pulite' most an set was pined which conferred a power epos t be eomtniegioners to carry out Inch an arrangement — lce s Davis, surveyor to the commissioners said he had cousin the premises , and found an open closet in the back yard, esd there was an old sewer running at the backs of the bosh' which communicated with another one in Hart street. The closet had no cesspool, hat its contents rs n directly in the sewer. The houses on the eastern side of the court did not communicate with the sewer; they ran into the old serest the rear of the houses. The mouths of the drains wartime/ choked up. The old sewer had never been cleansed ley Court of Sewen.—Bv the solicitor The soil was 3 ft* 3 inches in depth at this end, and 1 foot 8 inches in Hirt. street, and the accumulation of filth was evidently from the improper construction of the sewer. The attestase