The Express. — London, England, 1847-11-02 00:00:00

graben* started for this patpase an thevening dare of n b. 13th of May, Odes:ling to travel brtit. with • Chosen party c tiog men. Our coon* to the ass was seen; doe north, thronb a pia of I,keN and on the 16th we built ear snow hut on Pipe s w , i son, in lat. G7d. 19m. 14s. north, Meg. 87d. Oat roc ky point which I had visited bat autumn in week a b oa i. From this place I gent beck • fatigue party of td noes and • o f or don that had assisted ns thus far. r. 7 1., dojo were of little use during the lost journey, I took We left our mow but on the evenin g of the 16th, ra siN env pow. dvineed only If miles the first night. On the 17th we crowed • M 7 Is vies wide, end encamped at its math point, obloceite to which, ▪ r imin two miles of the shore, there le • large Wand, which was ... s eed with the name of hi. Royal Wexner the Pismo of Wales. Toth stand to the south of this was rafted &bine bland. The „ o hne of the coast was now NNE.; near the shore the Mery htIOI high and steep. On the 30th we were detained 24 bourn oog y weather at Cape Led; Simpeen, a long point in latitude rd, tho . n or th , longitude 65d. 23m. west We rounded Selkirk bay weed after the noble earl of that name) on the Mat and after paesiog ;aerobe of small point. and hap we encamped on what at first ep. to be a pert of the main land, but which was afterward. found ;is sa ielad. Our snow homeon the 25th was Wilt in lad. Md. that ▪ bresitude 65d. 4m. west, taw • small stream, (ruses (like all ethers we had proned) to the tottora. Leaving two men to endeavour ▪ bh std shoot, I went forward with the others and monad Barry sins p...ung 'mode a number of islet. Our thane on the following ley to the westward of north, the coast being high and rocky, 0 ,,, 045 i with numerous mitts. After aceompliehing 20 mile. in &eight hoe we entrapped. Our prorisions being nearly exhausted, jia•hi Hoard only half a dare journey further northward, being gird to re•urn the same night to our prevent quarters. Lensing ear of the mitt, I set out with the other. The wow fell fast, and the ...wag was extremely fatiguing. After advancbg 10 o de. the land turned sharp to the eastward, but as the sen der was thick I could not see how tar it trended in thin d y 1‘ , 0 ,30. When we had waited here nearly an hour , . the sky d t a,edup, and I &covered that we were on the south shore of a soniamble boy, and scull trace the coast to the northwards for stoat It mules bread it. To the most distant visible point (at. 614 d. 4 y meth, long Old. dm. west) limn the =mot Cape Mee ; the bad ~ti es e • e :cod was called Cape Crosier. and the internming bay mond the same of Parry Hay. Finding it hopeless to attempt m aing the strait of the Fury and Heels, from which Cape Ellice scald o i ly be a few mite disant, we retraced our steps, and alter en sbence ot II bourspined our companion,who had built • Ismw hove. sad woo on our arrival very busy attempring to masa little wet moss into malsent dame to boil some chow/ate, Mato no purpose; we were erosegarstil 0 , weed to finish the pieces. with alcohol, a small quail. tity of Mu Li still remained. Early on the morning of the 30th we wind at our mow but of the 25th. The men we bad left here were ▪ hot ear y thin, as they had neither might nor shot anything meet two marmots. Had we been absent 12 hours more 6, 7 were to have rooked a piens of parchment skin for supper. Nothing of &resin& occurred darns; ouriourney homeward. Our of provisions were found safe, and some partridges no▪ t were that aidoll our theft commons. At 8.20 on the morning of &gib of J bar we arrived at Fort Hope, all well, having been absent rpm ea. ing the remainder of our stay at Repulse Bay the whole party s in occupied in procuring food, col acting fuel, and preparing our bow for sea. The be in the toy broke up on the 11 to of August 0. the following day, after. bidding farewell to our good-humoured h o ots ,wed were loud in their wishes that we would soon return to t oo, we left our dre.try winter quarters. Head winder and stormy setter retisted our progress much, so that we rid not Mid] thaftlo l until the 31st of August. We were detained in Churchill "Mr b, s gale of wind until the 3rd of September, when the weather beam mote moderate, and we were able to mousse our voyage to ward. York Factory, at which place we arrived late on the evening of ha fah—J. hat —York Factory, Hudson'. Bay, &pt. 21, 1647. int Court. WINDSOR, MONDAY.—The Marquis and Mexchio am of Exeter, the Earl and Countess of Dalhousie, Lord sad Lady Beauvale, and Sir Charles and Lady M. Wood are expected to arrive at the Castle this evening on a visit to her Majesty. The royal dinner party at the Castle this evening will include the Marquis and Marchioness of Exeter, the Earl and Countess of Dalhousie, the Bishop of Oxford, Lord and Lady &wale, and the Right Mon. Sir Charles and Lvdy Mary Wood. Mr. 'Nlerivale had an interview with Earl Grey yes terday at the Colonial-oflice. Admiral Sir J. Ommanuey had an interview with Sir G. Grey yesterday at the Home otter. The Chancellor of the Exchequer and Lady Mary Wood left their residence in Downing-streetyesterday after noon, for %Vindsor Castle, on a vi,it to the Queen. Despatches were sent off yesterday evening from the Colonial.office for the governors of the %Vest ludia colo nies; sod also (or the governors of New South Wales, Van Diemen 's Land, and New Zealand. CERTIFICATES BY THE COUNCIL OF EDUCATION. On the report of her Majesty's inspectors, the Rev. Henry Moseley, ILL A., and the Rev. A. Thurtell, M.A., the Com mittee of Council on Education have awarded the following certificates. under the minutes of August and December, 1846, to the undermentioned schoolmaaten and students educated in the Battersea Training School MAMMA. —Middre CIaSJ Cerfeficate.—First Nvhdon : J. Goodall, Moe Cunt School, Northampton ; 11. J. Hanger, Kirlidale Industrial; W. Itammond, Commercial Travellers' /School, Wanstead; J. W. Marriott, St. George's, Bloomsbury: W. Wilkins, St. Thomas, Char *rheum. Second Iliviaion ; A. J. Christie, Windsor National School; J. A. Christie, Milton Abbott Free School; B.J. Jefferey, Dunchurch; W. IL Krink% Woodford, Cheshire. Third Diverkn : J. Bate, St, Mary, Newtown Leeds ; C. Castle, New Swindon; A. Dionne, Sid &noon; W. Ea.:ton, Bndgewater, Dr. Morgan's Endowed; J. W. Puckett, Stepney Red Cam; 0. Wei:Card, Thoeney Abbey. Lore, Chas. ClTitliClie.—Eirst Divirion : J. Biggs, Clifton National School; J. Courtney, Hannah More's, Bristol; J. Diggins,littenaar, Stafford- Mae; M. Hirst, Dowlaia ; W. J. Lake, Bt. John's, Worcester ; B. Bind, Fac:es, near Manchester; J. Ryan, Orb y. near Spilaby; J. L Tregensa, Trevenson. Second Dina/ion: J. Burrows, Brimington ; T. Garin, Loughborough Free; T. Cox, St. Matthew, Holbeck ; F. Makin,Bennett-street, Manchester; 0. Dixon, Worcester National; W. Jo.nrr, Caine; J. Woolley, Abbott's Ann. Third Division J. Bailey, seedbed., Cheshire; A. J. Braid, Swindon station of Great Western Ftillway; W. Baker, Coseley, Staffordshire; P. Brand, Park hung ; It. Cervill, Castle-hill; J. Davis, Eirkdale Independent, Live, pool; W. Holmes, Omelets Lower; G. T. Rice, Bangor Endowed; J. Slater, Quail-Anal, Brierly-hill; T. &beard, Blue Coat, Stockton- on-Tee.; J. Thockeray, BL Paul's, Leeds; W. M. Thomas, Wheel Friendship, Tanstoek. Sn mr-vrs. (lass Cereificate.—Fint Division : W. Pinder. Second Division: G. With. Third Division: J. W. C. Blackburn. Lover Cl, s Certafiente.—First Division J. Aspin. Second Division: J. Hallows, J. Peach. Third Divine': T. A. Adams, J. Brown, J. End, W. Ryder, W. Rookwood. WHITTINGTON CU/B.—The ordinary half-yearly meeting of this club was held last evening in the London Tavern, Mr. D. Jones in the chair. The report read by the secretary detailed the injury done to the building of the club by the late fire, observing that the property destroyed woe more than sufficiently insured in the Phoenix and other offices, and submitting whether it would not be expedient to surrender the present building, and secure increased ac commodation in a more eligible situation. This suggestion woo received with much approbation, as were all others tending to increase the advantage of the club, such as the introduction of music and the establishing of additional classes for the study of foreign languages. The num ber of member elected to the present time is 2,956, of whom 2,181 had paid their subscriptions; while Lady Morgan, Min Edgeworth, Miss Joanna Bernie, Mrs. Somerville, Miss Milford, and Leigh Hunt, have been elected honorary mem bers. The report further stated that the gross total receipts amounted to 3,2591. 65., and the balance in the banker's hands to 311. 6r., the diference being the expenditure ; that the liabilities amounted to 1,3551., against which there was furniture and fixtures which cost 2,5981., and, taking their value at 25 per cent. less, would leave a balance in favour of the club of 513/. This part of the report, however, was patponed for the consideration of a future meeting, a month hence, it being admitted that the accounts were incomplete, and had not yet been daly audited ; and the remaining per bonshaving been adopted, the meeting separated. - - - IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BOTANIC GARDEN, CURL sta.—This is, perhaps, one of the oldest gardens in Eng land, and it gives us much pleasure to learn that the Society of Apothecaries has gis en up all intention of removing it from its present site. It was founded nearly 200 years ago, and has been kept up at considerable annual expense for the benefit of the various medical schools and hospitals in the metropolis. The society has now come to the determination of making it still more useful by improving and adapting it to the present state of botanical science. On paying the garden • visit a few days ago, we found that numerous in structive additions had been made to the collections during the past year. The plants in the houses were clean and healthy; the young ones, in particular, are becoming extremely interest mg. • • • The improvements about to be commenced in this garden are of the following description:—The hardy plants are to be re-arranged upon the grouping system, numbering is to Se done away with, and each plant to have its name affixed to it. This will, without doubt, prove a great boon to medical students, who have often little time to consult printed lists; besides, it will bring more readily under their notice many of those fine medicinal plants which this garden contain,. A new range of span-roofed hothouses and green houses are to be built in the centre of the garden, and these are planned so an to have the tine old marble statue of Sir Hans Sloane in the centre of the range. A new entrance will be made in Swan-walk, at the east end of the range of holm., and a pond for water pints is to be formed at the bottom of the garden, in connection with the Thames, and which will be filled at every flood-tide.—Goecleners' Chronicle. Co I N AG E.—Sir,—Your correspondent on the coinage complains so much of the weight of crown-pieces, that it Occurs to me that he and the rest of the public would be much benefited by five-shilling notes. In Prussia the thaler is in constant use ; but if its value, 31., be • sum quite irre concilable with a decimal reckoning, a two-shilling note would be very useful. I believe our coins are as simple as any, except the French, and amongst them the aggio payable for gold, and the disfigured state of the copper coinage, makes the money of the very rich and of the very poor some what indefinite. Would you turn your attention to this sub ject, for the state must be • gainer by paper being worn, instead of silver being coined and reduced in size and value ; and the be. of notes must he profitable also, at the sometime ? How preferable it is to have notes in one's pocket. as in Prwisia, rather than begs of five-shilling pieces weighing one down. Indeed, an occasional lost note is advantageously sacrificed, instead of a porter, or a cabman, being paid for the transport of silver. Common consent renders these things valuable, and by introducing this subject to the public I really think you may do much good. For myself, I am very partial to the kreuxer money, and the reckoning everything by small sums, which does gored in ren dering everything cheaper. Thus seven francs appear more than two crowns and a half; and if abatement is to be made, it can be done more conveniently than when larger coins are mentioned. An issue of small notes would certainly enlarge the circulation, and they would be taken from choice, while the anxiety as to their safety would be very different from that which so large asum se 61. mayoccasion. Your correspond ent mentions very small coins ; and rally our paper postage stamps are • circulating medium which show that it is worth while to stamp a low figure on paper so well as to prevent forgery. The Bible disapproves of him who " des piseth the day of small things," and I do hope that John Bull will, in future, welcome se= innevesions as your 3d. paper, which Lord Jeffery dodgem he wssM b if it were three times its price, and such coevenienees= a 3d. omnibus, for which I could hope that two postage stamps might be • legal tender. I hope this will not rob you of your valuable time, but lead to useful considerations, however, indefinite my ideas may he,—VtATon. THE NUMBER OP PERSONS OWNING THE PUBLIC I FUNDO.—One of the numerous sources from which capital has been supplitd for the purpose of constructing railways during the past year, has been by the disposal of government stocks, which have been sold to a large extent, not only for the purpose of paying " calls," but perhaps even more for 1 the purchase of railway bends, oa account of the high rates of interest which those securities have offered, aocaspanied I with such an ample guarantee as the enormous revenues of the principal lines present to the lenders. Latterly, no doubt, there have been many other motives for the dissosel of stock, among the chief of which has been, e ne cessity upon banks to convert their securities, in order to meet the extraordinary demands made upon them. We noticed last week that, within a comparatively short period, upwards of nine hundred new accounts have been opened in the dividend books of the Bank of England. It would sp ree that while the sales of stock during the year have been cla t e hose ee have been in fhi co efl m y p i ar n a s tiv ll y amoun e ts c , o so ththatetgeewegrer number of persons entitled to receive dividends has been much increased. The following account exhibit, the exact number of persons who were entitled to receive dividends, of the various amounts stated below, on the 10th of October, 1816, and on the same day of the present month : Pennon entitled Persona entltled Amount of dirt. to receive to receive dend each person dividends dlcidends wee entitled to Oct. 10, 10 14. Oct. 10, 1847. metes. No. No. E 30,008 24,976 ....... 23,271 33,8211 ....... ..... 31,115 13,119 - ..... 100 6,893 1,916 300 129 164 -..... — 2,000 la 13;746 154,904 Showing that the number of pervons thus entitled to divi• (tends on the 10th last. was 2,164 more than at the same period of last year, by far the largeet portion of the inereue being in the smallest amounts. The following shows the exact increase and decrease of the receivers of dividends of the various amounts: More. Lass. Not ex.xedles 5 10 ....... 256 50 100 •••• ....... 200 son I • 500 ..»._..... ....... •••• " 9 2,000 2,232 48 This would be a gratifying evidence of the increasing pru dence of the humbler classes of society, if there were good grounds for believing that these investments were made trots the accumulations of the past year, by withdrawals from the savings banks for the purpose of buying stock at the recent low paces, so that a considerable portion of the money withdrawn from the funds for railways has been re placed from the savings banks. The entire number of per sons entitled to receive dividends on the 10th inst. was 154,901, and the average amount of stock held by each person very little exceeded the sum of s,oool. —Economist. " DORY EAST " ENTERPRISE.—Among the first Americans who entered Vera Cruz on the cessation of hosti lities was the owner of a small schooner from " down east," then anchored off the harbour. He might be seen making his way with breathlesshaste to one of the best hotels in the city, upon entering which he vociferated for tke " landlord." That important personage obeyed the call on the instant, but in Evident trepidation, as a matter of course ; when the Yankee, in a sharp accent, which conveyed the idea to the un initiated Mexican that his safety lay in implicit acquiescence, thus accosted him : " I want this establishment, house, lot, furniture, and everything, as it stands. What 'll ye take for it ?" The Mexican, happy to be permitted the privilege of naming a price at all for property which he supposed to be at the mercy of the enemy, named so much as he judged he wanted to put a respectable distance between him and " los Yankees." It's a bargain !" shouted the down-easter, as he commenced shelling out the money. " And now, my friend (he added), what is the least possible time it will take' you to clear out ?" He was told half an hour would suffice. And in half an hour, accordingly, oar friend, the Yankee, was mixing juleps and otherwise ministering to the comfort and accommodation of his countrymen in particular and the public in general.—Norfolk (U. S.) Herald. THE LITERATURE OF THE LOWER ORDERS. BATCH ENS SECOND. We proceed with oar examination of the literature of the lower claws. The batch of publications which we intend to look into and report upon to-day do not differ essentially in the forms which they assume, or in the morali ties which they teach by example and recommend by senti ment and success, from the sirailar principles which we pointed out in the first. The vicious tendencies of both are most unquestionable—as our notices will bat too suffi ciently demonstrate. But, on the whole, they illus trate another of the poisonous aspects which this noxious literature presents. The issues of the Salisbury-square press —the subject of our former examination and reprobation— deal, as we said, chiefly with the grotesque and the horrible; with the deeds and misdeeds of robbers, murderers, pirates, smugglers, and other low ruffianism, of various kinds—all of which are decked out in alluring colours, with en halo of romance thrown around them, and the whole crowned with an impress of reckless and successful adventure, which pos sesses a dangerous fascination for youths ill.trained, untrained, and uncontrolled. These stories. highly wrought and picturesque, appeal most potently to warm and active imaginations—and produce • peril ous ferment in restless, reckless, discontented minds. The group of publications more immediately under our notice to-day have a still more insidious and deleterious influence. They act more directly and openly upon the worst passions, stimulating them to precocious and unnatural activity, and exercise an unsettling and disturbing power over the moral consciousness of the reader. The former deal principally in the criminal—the latter in the licentious and the blu phemous ; and in both to • much larger extent than those not conversant with them have any conception of, or than we, with a due regard to the properties, can make them acquainted with through the medium of our columns. We denounce the impurity, but we cannot soil our pages with it—not even as a warning. Those imperil the sanctity of the sentiments which hold men to gether in society, by investing crime, outrage, violence, dis obedience to the laws, with the attributes of heroism and the sanction of success. These poison the very fountains of human life, by confounding conscience, confusing the sense of right and wrong, and by corrupting and inflaming those paselons whose regulation and co-ordination with duty con stitute the basis of morale, and offer the only guarantee for the peace and well-being of the social body. Not that these evil tendencies are unmixed and uniform in character. Far from that: the whole mess of this low lite rature is a chaos of corruption. Prurient passion and irreligious sentiment are not absent in that department which delights most in the murderous and the terrible. Nor is the horrible proscribed from the arena of guilty passions and audacious reasonings. But they are not made the essential and especial elements, and somethiug like demarcation, although the difference exists more in the forms than in the spirit or intention, may therefore be adopted. The batch of serials under coasideration, and the perusal of which has induced the above observations, are—Reynolds's Miscellany of Romance; General Literature, Science, and Art ; Gretna Green, or all for love, - by Mrs. George W. M. Reynolds ; The Mysteries of Lon don ; Chelles—the llvitertes of the Old Castles of France Martin the Foundling—the two latter, transla tions from the French—The People's Periodical; The Reasoner, edited by G. J. Holyoake. The two first of these works hardly require any particular notice. They are amongst the least unhealthy and fcetid of their clue. Their distinctions are negative. Their only redeeming feature is the partial absence of the more active of the deleterious ele ments which characterise their compeers. Their looseness, warmth of colouring in the criminal scenes, and the false glow cart around guilty indu:gencies, are their bane ; but, unfortunately, these qualities are hardly sufficient to separate them from much of the literature of the day, which aspires to different rank, and proposes to itself a higher kind of audience. They as the productions appa rently of man and wife. Other works of kindred character are contemporaneously proceeding from the same pens— Foust, The Drunkard's Curse, Wagner, the Wehr Wolf, &c. —all of them possessing the same general characteristics. The Mysteries of the Old Castles of France is full of the most exciting aad disgusting intrigues and amours, and of that spurious sentiment which is corrupting the very heart of society in Paris. Martin, the Foundling, our readers already know too well as the moat disgusting pro diction of a writer who was markable for his purity, In these peony numbers—largely circulated and almost uni venally devoured by eagerfensak readers—his moat obscene'! and intoxicating details are reproduced with all the minute fidelity of which the English language is capable. And this very fidelity is flaunted forth as the chief recommendation of this edition. The translations current in the superior ranks are expurgated: but, in spite of that necessary care for the taste and better feeling of the educated English reader, the tale is utterly disgusting. With these cheaper issues, how ever, the advertisements announce that all the objectionable passages are " left in," and this is made to appear as an ad vantage to the purchaser, and is probably so considered. To each of our readers as have toiled through Eugene Sue's dullest and most popular work " The Mysteries of Paris," The Mysteries of Loudon, now lying before us, will be sufficiently explained. If it be possible to conceive of anything more miserable, murderous, almond, and reprehensible than the succession of scenes which constitute that darling of the Parisian boulevarts— that grosser conception will give an ilea of what the mute ries of the modern Babylon are like. TAePeople'sPeriodical belongs to the Salisbury-square type, and is made up of the same species of material. The Reasoner demands a larger share of attention. This is a weekly issue of sixteen pages Bvo, price 2d. It is written with considerable ability, and for its avowed object—the dissemination of infidelity—conducted with no small amount of tact. It addressee itself to that large and constantly increasing class in English society—the class of artisans and others who have some amount of native intelligence, 'adjust enough of education to require • reason for their beliefs and opinions, but who have not enjoyed that Owe and consecutive education which is necessary to enable one to follow up • chain of argumentation ; man who, in the awakening consciousness of their own intelligence, are dis posed to deny the authority of tradition—who demand to be dealt with logically, and who are yet incompetent to use is higher formila. To mislead such persona, the torte and manner of the Reasoner is admirably calculated. It is calm, affectedly dispainionate, impersonal ; piques itself upon being scrupulously erect is its statement of facts, THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 2, 1847. I rigorous In its inductions, and charitable and tole rant in its judgment. This air, which seems partly real and partly put on for a purpose, is eminently calculated to prepossess its readers with the idea of its strength and firm ness. Its conductors are by no means commonplace men. There is evidently a great deal of ability and power of spe cial pleading in them. Such men may not be despised, nor their doings overlooked with impunity. The writers of the other works which we have classed with these have no ob jects beyond the miserable pittance which their labour brings them These men have a creed. They apparently have principles, too, at stake—false, impious, and disorganising though they be. They have an audience too, to whom their words are oracles—their dicta law. The Reasoner is the expounder and the advente of all extreme opinions—in reli gion, infidelity; in society, communism ; in politics, ochlo cracy. It preaches up a faith, in which D'Holbock, Vol taire, Tom Paine, and Richard Carlyle are the presiding deities. Bubeauf and Robert Owen are the types of its social reorganiser( Its political heroes are found so Robes pierre and St. Just. Infidelity is openly avowed and de fended in its pages—nay, it is declared to have had a great mission in the progress of nations, and the development of man, which gives it an air of grandeur in the eyes of those who cannot penetrate the sophisms with which the writer overwhelms the truth in his reasonings. Amongst the great infidels who have done eminent service to the world, and thereby vindicated the utility of infidelity, are numbered Xenophines ! Anaragores ! ! Socrates!!! Because these philesophen were teachers of new moralities, propounders of new theological systems, they are ranked with men who have struggled to destroy all religion, and to shake the very foundations of all ethical systems. Nay, the writer who undertakes to enunciate the mission of infidelity, claims for it the sanction of the names of Luther and Mei&ZlC then ; and declares that " it (namely, infidelity) is the very essence of protestantism." One mode is which the con ductors of the Reasoner seek to obtain a higher sanction for their doctrines, is, to write letters of invitation to eminent 1 scholars and prelates Lord Brougham, Archbishop Whately, &c.—challenging them to discuss their opinions. No notice being taken of these communications, the inference is raised that their principles are indisputable—and thus the Itinerant are misled. Clergymen do, however, occasionally embroil themselves in discussion, but no palpable good arises from it. The points of moment are lost sight of in meagre generalities, or rendered unintelligible to those to whom it is most essential that they should be clear, by the use of logical forms. The minister and the schoolmaster might meet the evil nearer home—and more effectually. IRELAND. Dtrar.rx, Ocr. 31. The reconstruction of the Devon estate in Limerick into a separate electoral division is still the cause of local discontent and agitation. At a meeting of the Newcastle guardians on the 19th inst., his lordship's agent, Capt. Kennedy, read a paper with respect to objections to making electoral divisions co-extensive with particular estates. This document was ordered for consideration, and the guardians are particularly directed to the contemplated erection of the Devon estate into a separate rateable division. The more important meeting took place on Monday last, at which 19 guardians were present, and the following resolutions in reference to Capt. Kennedy's sugges tions, and indeed the whole poor-law, foild, and em ployment questions, were adopted: Resolved.-1. That we view with the greatest possible apprehennion the derming proportion of destitute labouring families throughout Traded, and more especially these plaoed under our own responsible superintendence in the union of hewntstle, who are without their usual winter. store of food and for whom the ordinary demand of employers is wholly Insufficient to furnish support.-2. That those superabundant fatuities must be supported in idleness by rates levied from the proprietors and occupiers of land to an =oust that matt ruin both these classes, and In the end leave the labourers themselves unprotided for, unlearn Impulse can be given to the investment e( capital on permanent reprodu tire works of improvement, doh an drainage, reclamation of wake lands, mining projects, Ste., of which our union, and, we beLeve, mod other districts in Ireland, could far. nit an ample supply to meet the employment of the superabundant Inboards.— 3. That this impulse cannot be produced unless by giving o the invader. of such capital some security against the pressure of rates which may come upon them miler present arrangement., even after they shall have amply provided fur the poor of their own properties by employment-4. That without some such security it would be unreasonable to expect capitalists to invest the lerge sums of money which the exigency would require, because, after haying so done, they might still nod their property, including all such outlay, virtually coollacated to the poor-law guardians, to meet the rate. thrown upon it by the pauperism of neighbouring neglected pm pedlar Included in the name electoral dlutrieta.-5. That the only .e -curdy which we can suggest, as calculated to encourage inveament in the improvement of property and the employment of super abundant labour, would be that of reforming the rateable did. 111063 of each in such a way as to give to every owner of lend desirous of engaging in thin vital undertaking his property hi a *emirate rateable dieted unconnected with any other property.-4. That we, therefore, prom upon the poor-law commiscioners our sep. nest conviction of the absolute necessity of revising the rateable dd . alone in every union throughout Ireland, with a view to make Nib property, where any considerable relative outlay is prop:nod to he Invested, a distinct rateable division ; and we beg I. call the corn inweioners' attention to the fact that the rateable or electoral districts at present eddies appear to °ambit of a ram variety of intermediate d of value, from 402,5111., down to 3311.-7. That we further area still more strongly pens upon the commissioners the neenelty for the nunedlate adoption of the principle we have urged in the poor law union of Neweaatle, the dietriat in whisk WO 0/0 responsible foe the mapped of the poor, awe cannot massive any other measure without this as an adjunct which en render their support, humanly speaking, certain, or even probable.- 8. That we would request the special and immediate attention of the ppoaoor[•law commissioners to the memorial of the trustees of the late dui of Devon on this subject; their estate forming a considerable portist of our union, containing a large town with an unemployed population, an well as some very poor and densely peopled rural district.s. And we would strongly urge the forming of th eir estate into one or more separate rateable district.; es if this were inn we are aware that extensive employment for the poor of the state would immediately commence, and the guardian. and yen would re theby be relieved from the heavy charge of toe the lessoning bunnies of that extensive pestles of our =low The example of Garryfine is not lost on the gentle spirits of the south. The very questionable snows' of the legislators who fired the brakes and marched through the turnip fields has not deterred their neigh bours from a similar parade,—for what object, except the pleasure of meeting, shouting, and returning back, none can tell. There is a real monster meeting, for which notices have been regularly issued, to be held neat week on the banks of the Blackwater. The language of the notice is violent and disorderly. The withdra al of a military detachment from %Iv neighbourhood has inspired the turbulent with courage; but the military will be at Aherinah—all in good time. The petty sessions magistrates make great exer tions to have the protection of the military—partly for safety and partly for the advantages conferred on the marketh by the presence of troops. In reply to various applications, Mr. Redington issues a general order stating that in all cases where applications are made, the magistrates will first ascertain what accom modation can be provided, and forward the same to his excellency. The Limerick Chronicle throws out a hint to the landed proprietors of the county which is not un worthy of attention. " A resident landlord," says that journal, " furnishing a trusty band of his ten antry with fire-arms, and accompanying them at night, would do more to deter the reckless and dis affected than even the civil and military authorities, to whom the leaders of the agrarian conspiracy are mostly unknown." In the Whiteboy rebellion in 1821-2 this course was very generally adopted by the more extensive proprietors in the disturbed district', and produced a very decided effect in mitigating oat rage and disorder. The Limerick guardians are about to establish an agricultural and tradesmen's school; and propose taking a plot of twelve acres in the north suburbia The Killarney guardians are about to pursue a similar course. and valuable vatic in the library There is a very rare of our university—the Gospels of St. Patrick in the old vernacular. In the glass eases towards the eastern end of the library this carious deposit attracts special attention. It was the gift of the late Professor McCullagh to the university, and purchased by him for 300 guineas, thus anticipating the British Museum for which they were in transit u. gas improving proprietors and enterprising tenants at the mercy of a sanguinary peasantry; for, be it remembered, the landlord who seeks to improve his estate, and c impel the cultivation of his farms, is the object selected for slaughter, the more especially if he should be bold enough to require • regular payment of his rent. In too many instances the priest of the district is the indirect means of these aasueinations. la how many cases have landlords been denounced from the altars as " exterminators"—and how seldom have individuals in the congregation failed to take the hint, no matter that the landlord was a just man :—" sure, hasn't he been denounced by the priest ?" (the minister of the living God, as he bias prtemeusly calls himself) and " won't it be soy to get abode- [ion'?" This system of denouncing must be put down at all ha cards, if Ireland is not to be made a alaughter-house; but also ! the provincial press is equally to blame: for the most part dependent on the good will of the Roman catholic clergy, it gives a ready credence and circulation to all their anti landlord attacks, be they true or false; and it; a lamentable fact, that the Roman catholic coadjutors of Ireland, Anglicil the curates, labour with success to prejudice the tenant against his landlord. All this may appear incredible and in deed to an Englishman ; but let him ask eny disinterested person acquainted with the south of Ireland if this picture be not true. Each day some new victim is added to the list of Tipperary revenge. How long will the English public permit it to continue f—A LANDLORD WHO HAS HERM Diusourecen.—Tipperary, Get. 25 Tun damn POOR Law.--Sir,—Having used many efforts to speed the framing of a sound poor law for Ireland, and attended many meetings upon that subject, after the original act had posed, I beg leave respectfully to claim the latinrivilege of offering a remark upon a very clever article re g to the Irish poor law, distinguished for historical and philosophical research, which appeared in a recent number of the Erpresa. The article assumes that the present law is adequately framed to meet the wants of the Irisertli to poor, as attended to by the boards of guardians, and y provide the funds for that purpose. Now it has frequently come under my notice, that the skin-flint landlords of Ireland (whose name is " legion "), although legally bound to pay one half of the rate, when their rent claimable out of the tenants' holding and the poor-law valuation thereof agree, and when the former exceeds the latter the poundage rate on so many pounds of rent beyond the valuation also, contrive to make the tenant pay the whole rate—in this way. The whole legislation of the present century, in refer ence to landlord and tenant, having been against the Irish tenant and in favour of the landlord, the latter distrains for his rent; and such is the needy condition of the Irish gentry in general that he will detrain, aye, and proceed to eject ment', against a good and solvent tenant, in order to make coats for his poor relations, who "follow the law," as the Irish call it, there being no commerce or manufactures in this country to absorb the talents of the race. The tenant's remedy in case of an excessive distress, whether in regard to the value of his property seized or the non-payment of rates by his landlord, is by an expensive process, called ee i plerin, n reference to which I will give you some facts which occurred this very week, and they will better eluci date the state of things under the present law of rating for the relief of the poor than a volume of argument and description. Two landlords, one of them reputed worth 30,0001. in ready money, distrained an improving tenant for 151. lie. for rent due in August last, and which was never paid later than about tho middle of October ; but in this instance the remittance on which the tenant depended Its pay the rent did not arrive to him until the 24th ult. ; the keepers or bailiffs were placed in possession on the 21st ult. Upon examining the tenant's receipts for rent and poor rate, it was discovered that for years the worthy pair of landlords had not paid a farthing of rate. Although their rent was a rack-rent, far exceeding the poor-law valuation, they had never in fact paid any of the numerous taxes the premises were subject to, nor a farthing for repairs, while the tenant's hand was never out of his pocket for the latter purpose ; and it was also discovered that in one of the receipts for rent given to a lady, they had cunningly inserted a memorandum that the tenant was liable for the whole poor -rate, The tenant proceeded to the sheriff's office to replevin the furni ture, and obtain a legal decision whether he could not make the landlords pay their proportion of the poor rate. He ob tained an auctioneer from the sheriff's office to value the fur niture, and make an affidavit thereof; this cost him lie. 6d., or thereabouts, and consumed the second day of the capture the third day was spent instructing his attorney to replevin, for which he paid 10s.: the fourth day was consumed going to and looking for his friends to enter into a bond for 521. to the sheriff ,• for 261. worth of property having been seized i the kind and protecting law empowers the sheriff to demand responsible sureties for double the amount, no matter whe ther it be 1,0001., while the rent demanded was only 151. 151- On the sixth day the bond was perfected, and 10!. lodged I with the sheriff besides: this cost the tenant 7s. ; a bailiff was sent with a warrant to discharge the bailiffs in possession, and this cost 2s. 6d, The subsequent proceedings may in volve a expense of 201. Would it not be but fair and humane to compel the landlord to pay his share of the rate to the board of guardians, when he is known to live within their union And if he be an absentee, an exterminator, or rack renter, or all three together, let the union be made by law the receiver of his portion of the rate, and a speedy criminal process be fore a magistrate be provided, if he in person distrains with out allowing the rate, or if his agents, in his absence. do so. But to give the boards, as at present, the power of proceed ing against the tenant for the whole rate, and then to tell the tenant he may bring an expensive action of replevin against the landlord, and also an action for damages against ham for diatraining without allowing the rate, while the whole code is adverse to the tenant, is an arrangement which suits extremely well the whole race of akin-flint landlords, with whom it is dangerous at any time to quarrel, especially if his rent be not ready the moment it is demanded ; but it is practical injustice to those who more from a sense of duty continue to reside in Ireland, and exert themselves to relieve the mass of misery around them, than from any con viction that they can permanently improve its condition, which, notwithstanding the manly and talented efforts of men like you is daily deteriorating, and makes one often imagine that " a thrust of the bayonet is worth them all."— S. G. LANDLORDS. To THE ENGLISH MEMBERS OP PARLIAMENT AND PCBLlC.—Sir,—Whilst the Times has been industriously holding uo the whole rice of Irish proprietors to the scorn of the English, and the outrage of the Irish public, your paper has hitherto maintained so impartial a view on all topics relating to Ireland, that I am induced to hope you will permit a member of that proscribed and (if the present murders should continue) decreasing clam, the resident Irish landlords, to address a few words imploring the aid and sympathy of his English fellow-countrymen, through the medium of your columns. In the language of the Clare deputation, commented on in your paper ef Saturday, I have for some years past been "trying to exist" on an estate in the south of Ireland, with a nominal rent roll of 2,5001. per an num, three part of which belong to a mortgagee, consequently, the late failure of the potato crop, owing to my land being subdivided into farms of 5 and 10 acres, has reduced me to absolute poverty ; whatever rent can be collected gees to de fray the mortgages which were handed down with the estate, whilst all the vengeance of such tenants as are ejected for non-payment threatens to descend noon my devoted head. I can neither sell my land, nor leave the country. Many of my neighbours are in the same plight, cursed it may be said with a " fixity of tenure," which rea ders theme misery to themselves, and useless to society. Last year we had • gleam of hops that " a bill foe the sale of en cumbered estates" would become law : it was strangled in its birth. Now, sir, as I am convinced that no material good can be effected in Ireland, without some such measure be speedily passed, I ask your powerful advocacy in its favour, for, depend upon it, until the land be placed fairly in the market, and broken-down proprietors like myself enabled to emancipate themselves from the inglorious position of being called landlords without having the means to discharge the duties of their station, the redundant labour of Ireland can never be absorbed.—One word to the British public—in the future legislation of Ireland—if this wretched country is to be regenerated—some stringent measures for the protection of life and property must be immediately taken. I care not whether a whig, tory, or radical government be in power, measures approaching to coercion must be paused, unites a philosophical public be content to STATE_ OF THE COUNTRY, The parish priest of Kilkee, the Rev. Mr. Comyn, a gen tleman of very active and energetic habits, has placed before the public the "statistics of produce now to be found within his parish, for the purpose of demonstrating how impossible it is that the property of Kilkee should maintain its poverty in the present year. The rev. gentleman takes the parishes in his benefice townland by townland, and states the quan tity of cattle, the amount of food, and the number of inha bitants, together with the name of the proprietor of each. As these will probably indicate the condition of other districts, I shall follow Mr. Comyn through one pariah stating the re sults. And, first, the townland of Kilfiers This is the pro perty of the Marquis of Conyngham, and contains 11l families, numbering 660 individuals; of theta, 318 per sons are now utterly without food; 342 individuals possess 11,221 stones of food, or 55 days provision for each person ; and if confined to the present possessors, five months and ten 1 1 days provisions. The present market value of corn and cattle in this townland is 1,0261. 6s. ; and as the rent is, ha states, " rigorously exacted." and amounts to 4191. 14s. 2d., there remains just 6061. Ils. 101. for poor-rates, county I rates, food and clothing, and debts—for all were obliged to run in debt last year. The townland of Donaghbee, the property of Mr. John MacDonell, of New-hall, Clare, contains 329 inhabitants; 150 possess no food. The other 179 persons have in corn and cattle 6,287 stones of food, being 95 days' provisions for all the population, or 5 months 25 days for the possessors. But as the rent of the townland, 2391. 81. 3d., must be paid out of this, and u the whole food if sold at present would fetch only 4081. 14e., there remains a 'Lupins of 1681. 141. 9d. only to meet all demands, MI already enumerated in the former case._ . . . . _ The townland of Dough contains 2,384 inhabitants, of whom 1,850 are without food of any kind, and 534 pewee 22,971 stones, making 324 days provisions for all the popula tion, or 4 months 20 days for the poesesson. This townland is held under a middleman, and " the rent and fines" ex ceed the whole value of the property by 3091. 3e. The townland of Corbally, the property of Mr. Mac• Donnell, before-named, and the towulands of Fougha and Kilkee, same proprietor, contain respectively 626 and 293 individuals. Of these, there are in Corbally 480 without food ; and, in the other, 133 in the same position. The for mer possessee, for all the inhabitants, just eleven days' pro visions, allowing rations equal to those given to paupers in the workhouse; end the latter nineteen days provisions for the whole population. In Cuddly the rent is 3001., the value of the produce 701. lls. In Fougha and Kilkee the rent is 1581. I la. Bd. ; the produce, 1751. 9s. In Linkman= townland, the property of Mr. Henn, Master in Chancery, there are contained 424 days' provisions for the. whole population; and, in Lisdnn townlaad, the property of O'Gorman Mello', M.P., 324 days' food for the inhabit ants. In the former ease, the value of the produce exceeds the rent by 771. 6e. In the latter townland it falls short of it by 121. 3e. 10d. Tipperary has added another murder to its criminal re cords. The victim in this cue was a man named William Hickie, nicknamed " The Chicken." The cause is said to be that he was about to become, or had become an approver. Hiekie was fret shot, and his body was then flung into a river. _ There are 290 prisoners in Clonmel Gaol at this moment. Notwithstanding this large number, there is not a single prisoner in the hospital. SCOTLAND. EDEXIIIMON, OCT. 30. The new number of the North British Beriew for November contains an article on the abases of Scotch jury trials, which takes as its key note a paper on law reform that recently appeared in the Doily News, the identity ef which latter may be recalled to its readers by the first sentence, which ran thus " We can see no good reason why judges of Nisi Prim, should not, under that, or some new commission, sit for the trial of issues without the assistance ofjurWs." As we have taken occasion to observe before, the mere decline of jury trial in civil cases in Scotland is not, per se, to bel regarded as an argument against it, as all kinds of , litigation have decreased in Scotland within the present century. Forty years ago the averse number of cases per annum had wont to be 2,427 ; in 1845-6, the whole cases, defended and undefended, were 1,399. Population has been nearly doubled in the interval, and lawyers have increased in much the same ratio, so that law, as a profession, has, in the nomenclature of assurance companies, become "doubly hazardous." As to jury trials, not one tenth of the cases remitted to them have been taken up by the jury courts—while in 1842, out of 20,366 cases settled in the different law courts in Scotland, all cases involving disputes above 401. being entitled to the benefit of jury trial, only thirty-six were tried, but probably not ultimately decided by jury. It seems clear, therefore, that after thirty years' experi ment, the jury system has, as it were, been mechani cally but not chemically united with the Scotch legal executive. Two main causes are assigned for this— first the practice, not followed in criminal cases, of counsel speaking before the examination of witnesses; and second, the incapacity of juries as presently con stituted to deal with abstract points; and to the strength of these obections, Lord Jeffery, the late , Robert Forsyth, an d George Combe have all borne testimony. The article in the Reriew is well and temperately written, but in some points the reviewer is misinformed. Were Mr. Twiss's " Life of Lord Eldon' consulted, it would be found that his lordship neither originated the system, nor spoke sanguinely of its success ; and the alleged professional antipathy is ill-borne out by the fact, that in 1830, when the jury court was transferred to the court of session, addresses were presented to Lord Commissioner Adam from the faculty of advocates, writers to the signet, solicitors, &a. thanking him for the important benefits which the in troduction of trial by jury in civil cases had conferred on the country. Sir J. M. Grant has addressed the following letter to the secretary of the Destitution Board, and, as it is really " a voice from the mountains," its sincerity cannot be questioned. Ballindalleet Castle, Oct. 27, 1847.-614—1 n spring last, 251. wa• remitted by me to the fund for relief of Highland destitution. As not shove 2-sths of the amount collected have been expended, I have to request, through you, that the balance (say 15/.) may be paid to my name to the Provost of Vdinburgh, for behoof of the infirmary of that city ; and I may state that I sin led to make this request from a con viction that a continuance of eleemosynary aid to the population of the Highlands la the cured way of perpetuating, and even uteremaing, their present wretched condition. Having the real welfare and im provement of the Highlanders sincerely at heart. I am iftirous that no bawls of mine should be seed f their degradation; mad lam little diysrpt to insist in Improving the estates of other ploprictont, by malung roads or otherwise, whilst I have the interests of my own people to attend to. I send a copy of this letter to the prover, with a request that he will ere that the money is applied I. relief of the auf ferns from the present alarming fever.—l am, &c.—(Signed) Mac rtlalt.tpt Gun,. . . . . Colonel Mure , the consul for Louisiana, makes a similar request as regards 1,2701. collected at New Orleans and Mobile. PROVINCIAL. THE MUNICIPAL ELEcrto:ss took place yesterday, but judging from the reports that reached London from the provinces very little interest was excited by an occasion that came years since was marked by a party struggle in every country town. At Liverpool the retiring councillors this year were 16 ; of these 13 were tories and 3 liberals. Of the 16 there stood again 10; and the result of the polling yesterday was as follows write, 13; reformers, 3. Twelve wards were contested, but the election excited very little interest. At Birmingham the municipal elections passed off quieter than has ever before been known. Sixteen councillors re tired, but three of the wards only were contested, and in these (says our correspondent) not the slightest political feeling was displayed • indeed, to a great extent, municipal honours are, and are likely to be even more so, at a discount here. Three-fourths of the newly elected councillors are liberals. LANCASHIRE. SINGULAR DISCOVERY.—In July, 1840, Mr. John Bibby, a merchant of the utmost respectability in Liverpool, and founder of the Royal Bank, was found drowned in a pit in a remote field near Aintree, six miles from Liverpool, and three from Mr. Bibby's residence at Bootle. On the pre• ceding evening Mr. Bibby had dined at the Royal Bank, and hld partaken rather freely of wise. He left about 11 o'clock, and took a car to a spot within 300 yards of his own residence, as he was in the habit of doing, but he never reached home. As he was a gentleman of great firmness of mind, it was supposed by his friends that he had been waylaid and thrown into doe pit where the body was found, and in this opinion they were confirmed by the discovery that his watch was missing. Search was made for it, and the pit emptied in vain ; the watch could not be found ; but as there was ne mark of violence on the body, it was considered possible that the deceased had been robbed of his watch, and that he bad wandered to the place of the fatal accident. Last Wednesday, however, ' new light was thrown on the transaction; a wan• ger took a watch to Roakell's, the well-known watchmakers in Liverpool, to have repaired. On looking at it, they discovered that the original number had been de. faced and another substituted. On further examination they found their own private mark, placed on the watch when they had repaired it for the late Mr. Bibby. On Saturday the stranger called for It. and on being questioned the watch was traced to a disreputable character, the keeper of a disor derly house. Two men are in cust ody, and the police are making further inquiry. EDUCATION OF THE WORKING PEOPLE.—Mr. G. Combe, author of the well-known volume, " The Constitu tion of Man," has published the following remarks on the Lancashire educational scheme : _ _ — The "plan KrtWeeStriTiliZinen7if opowel orbs of emu!ar edu cation in the county of Lancanter oar &careful comi deratlon, to be the soundest in the most somprebensive in effect, and the moat practical in d has sw Ines proposed In this country for the education of the penis. It twallsos the bent ele ments*/ the Assist common Wool Wry with swab that is good be dit Pick and Mob mlinsal sisal spolima ; and adapts them m err I so awl& MMlgism with worypromles of somata, to the peoniorwesis sad airsimelmees of ths assay of laneaster. It has, themes% w MMus reM smaphiace by the county, end kr its dsYla s sloptisolty tha issidolnels r • system applioabk with modillearims Ots th. whole sopinn Rhone that the " Awcia. Um" MEM to promots "OWL. made an ap=l , .:. the working domosferthetromparation in carrying Uinta effect. ni my opiWn. appropriate smi Jorboloss. 71to ing clews ham Mops Marest in the sahamo than soy they powwow WNW* Mldliews to Judea of Ns rani& TIM they respond to Ms and land it thW powerful support, moot, I hope, be Them is Imp limber of working men, particularly dm departments of MOW Yew who are intelligent and moral, sad who, when married . mecum ind active women, live in com fort, sod bring op their claims with much respectability. Thia clam will be abler trace their owe olverepose position to good natural estrommels, otrengthened and tosiorad practicul by education, ex ample, or Misr innuenoes, to*. to give the ascendancy to their most sal remilectual faculties. 14 therefore, they desire, not ooly to trassmit their own condition to their children, but to promote their elevation in Mt sosM scale, they prize w email:Med schools as the bast of all means for acoompliahing them ado. The saboals repteed In the " Plan^ will be widely dillimmtfrom those of the WI red in which reading without un derwear theer erre reds • committing to memory and =by rain awl of sentare ; smiting and ; matt be/ drL W name of educable. In the new schools it is propessilM Mew* the whole pores et the cluldren— gLyi=mineatiLend rtei pones=et T l i z .. torV words merely, b seise can ut fall its t o bow cur Asti a system of sisistion is calculated t Y o promote Sir best trawls. The middle tams have long 400, Nara it the convietiam thM thin country premste to them a theatre kr worths be old* es • rowel rule, the prime of wealth and rig eserilersttoa 'IA le the share et those individuals who dimly the geMet treust of estlvlty, directed by tyre awl mereity le rend on ylerteg MOW. The ermedbery error rah they rd. le tar op *air children is Midis of isadvltr ondriumwramm dim bow Ms* they ars pene tram. `Ale troll. Tar rakes re mete usher r lee or sin yew secre l attier Oat op to dam or *der le seer err till eyhar, thronged (wale re ft.aad to amebic dears On or Ise dor. Wort le mask the know!edne W Lille el emir reel*/ mod proormers smoked by this died. Mine Act ail es radnit. In atter " toappropriate the rises to therreen They it not rob the worlds( demo of therm as erre pines stye tomarn by the order or firiderr the rims ▪ an foal =Yr Ore were intelligens. paws of asolftsticen capitol saimirsil by foirley and accumulated by psalm and see. now, polder then; sad it is the superior mold Wining ofthe midi doom widitambles them to wiles timer mations of weld& The *Oren tithe working claws, In bear* where they am poslulmd Ms halm kw, or trained by went. who me themselves erisred, OM Co prosily ant to labour at the age of eights/ Mos and afterwards Moir metal facalties reordse littler no The emeerree in that they are art iremteb mart rm. *eyries* Y walloospable effigies. hid terte nod weal persowasan The nowastry Milk wet, hewer en ths labsorbor claret et tare the& Whine tee arty bar Meat or employing there be Wow, te re le be the ✓ester of att the existing obalasho b Oo sonic of those erase In the err role. If this qpiolim he WI 6=14 the best rowdy the evil silts of, for tho pewit asmilWs enmity, apples te he to improve and MOM* abed% ear to lower the fees of Mem that not anly my min of the Wil dest of Me poor be wings& tom Sir but that the terabit. one training may le so eider r to reader the f o ' f . tC irs 'lim es 'e r:dtt ic ti h re sr :f a :Ler am Te l d ea geali t m . telliee , :t ai rserble. Parents reset the ehmeettee of *dr moire Ow thew ollsers Air to the miss offered by maridonor lo intalligeserm Worley, morality, and rivet th e aliestagsrinse about thdr mast* eme. As already obneved, wad& swot be pored by Igeorere and Iflertnee., and wither e comb esermort et teryendrore and oriel ecortereden err be atrosL classes. therefore, her an sheerer Is le thenuelven by Lwtef Mi errata, to fa ldi the arm en which providence has iris mirk wed modal waihtg to dipsd, or to submit to and depeadasce. "Mee are prested to the working in W e v i e 3 the county of Lancastm,npposts b et me is the most dß dent ger enabling them to Mr Urn elline Set rust been tosisred in Great Britain ; end I erre* his e that they will date Ito Ito value.-0.0. Cosa, 43, Ileleobstet, rdinbargh. Oct. 36, 1547. GREEN CROPPING VERSCS FALLOWING. Sir, --- Will you be pleased to insert in year widely-circulated journal, for the information of owners and cultivators of the soil, the following account of Mr. William Dickens's mode of farming upon Spital Farm, Northamptonshire, consisting of a strong deep heavy sail. After clover, Mr. Dickens sows wheat; after wheat be plants beans; after beans, wheat; after wheat, tares. The tares are eaten with sheep upon the land, after which the land is ploughed three times. After the first eat of the tare, he sows Swede turnips; and after the last eat of tares he sows common turnips, both Swedes and common turnips without manure, as he manures for beans. After turnips two or three times, he ploughs the land for barley ; after barley, beans ; after the beans ere oft' he ploughs the land directly, if be has no turnips among the beans, and twice more in the ;spring, and sows it with barley and clover at the same time. Mr. Dickens drills turnips amongst the beans, and after they are hoed, should the beans happen to be an inferior crop, he has a crop of turnip., which compen sates him. This is a very beneficial mode of arming, both for landlord and tenant, and is practised without guano, crushed bones, or any other artificial manure. Mr. Dickens entered upon his farm in wretched and disgraceful condition, but, by the above management, has improved it excessively. He considers there ought not to be any land in this king dom, Ireland included, that ought to lie in dead fallow; for a whole year is lost by dead fallow, there being no return either in crop or manure. lie asks, does a garden well managed require a dead fallow? What would the public think of a man who let his garden lie in dead fallow ? 'Why, that he was a negligent, useless sloven, living one hundred years after his day, or more. Well , then, if a garden don't require a dead fallow, why should any other land The wheals of nature and of time were never made to roll back wards; the tide of reason long delayed, long checked and obstructed, has nevertheless set in ; and it is clear that half of the people in Great Britain and Ire land ought not to starve because half the land is not half cultivated. Our waste land in Great Bri tain and Ireland, capable of improvement, amounts to 12,600,000 acres; there are 14,000.000 of acres barren and worthless. But, in addition t 012,600,000 acres of wastelands capable of improvement lying idle, do we not see vast quan tities of land imperfectly cultivated ? Have we not in Great Britain and Ireland thousands of acres of land called culti vated that do not produce half the crop of which they are els pable? Asa proof of this state of things, I ask why does one fanner upon the same sort of land get double the quan tity of his neighbour ? and who is in the fault to let such disgraceful farming, with such dilapidated tarns buildings, exist? Why, the landlord or his agent, as no one can deny. Give the diligent farmer a lease, as security for his money laid out in improvements; you will then take away the lame excuse of bad farming. Let the lord of the soil employ a practical and good farmer to inspect his estates, to see that they are farmed as they ought to be, twice a year, and I warrant it will quite cure the evil complained of. If the negligent and slovenly farmer cannot keep up with the good farmer, let him retire, and make room for one who will move faster and better.—S. A., in WGreester Herald. .A.!, • C. .• • THE SEPARATE L SYSTEM.—The chaplain of the Leicester Gaol, in a report to the magistrates, says —" The experience of the rut year serves to confirm me in those views of the beneficial effects of the separate system, to which I gave full expression in my last report. I cannot but regard it as admirably adapted to the great purposes of correction and reformation. the superior advantage of a constant, industrial, mental, and moral training—apart from al: dis turbing causes from without—appears to me indisputable. We have had similar results in the past year to those detailed in my last annual statement—similar in a proper feeling of the privation, disgrace, and punishmeet, that was endured, in general habits of order, iadusuy, re spectful attention to my admonitions, religious inquiry, and to not a few, 1 trust, of penitence and refor mation. I have bee n particularly struck with some who were brutish in manner and in feeling, when committed, hut after a time became softened, and evinced kindliness of dis position ; and with others, who, filled with strong prejudices against scriptural instruction, almost refusing to be spoken to on my first visit, have, after some weeks of thoughtfulness, using our books and religious opportunities, freely opened their minds and confessed their former error. Many, I admit, have not yielded to this moral presence. Some old offenders, and some fresh ones, have been refractory; they have endea voured to communicate with others in violation of the prison rules, and have neglected, or for a time refused, the la bour of the crank. Some too, more than we had hoped, have returned a second time to the separate cell : but still, it is only what we have reason to expect under the best system. The female prisoners form no exception to this estimate of the separate system. As far as a few months' trial of it in their case entitles me to speak, they have borce the punish ment patiently and feelingly. One woman done, an old offender, showed exceeding bad temper under it, but will, I think, be careful not to expose herself to it again. In the rest a better tone of mind is manifested; the old hindrances to profitable thought are removed. And now that the system is about to be carried out in its integrity, with the aid of a matron school-mistress, I trust that it will prove to them also a real benefit. The very young alone appear to me to be questionable subjects for this mode of punishment, or for any other species of imprisonment. A certain maturity of mind is needful to endure, and so profitably to remember, a continued correction of this nature, such as will count the cost and bide their time, using every resource at hand ; but the child cannot do this, and therefore a more u punishment is better adap ted to his age. We summary a large proportion of juvenile prisoners during tho past year, and among them some children from eight to ten yeses of age ; for all of them the gaol was an excellent school of scriptural instruction, and many will remember it as a place of painful separation from their fellows ; bat after a few days of crying and fears, it ceased to be a prison to the mere children—they had become familiar with the officers, and felt at home (had they not been treated with special kindness and sympathy they csuld not have borne it). The name of poison, it is to be feared, therefore, will have no terrors for them in after-life; it they must go to gaol, however, that system is unquestionably to he preferred which keeps them separate from bad companions." A MAGISTRATE AND THE LAW OF SETTLEMENT.— At the recent sessions for this county, Sir A. Henniker, the chairman, after congratulatieg the grand jury on the light neu of the calendar, alluded to the act of lust session to amend the Poor Removal Act, which, though it consisted of only °Declaim, and was but for one year's duration, was of considerable importance, inasmuch as it removed the expense that would otherwise fall upon parishes from paupers resid ing in them for five years, and made it a union charge. lie conceived this to be one very important step in a right direc tion, inasmuch as he hoped it would lead to the total aboli tion of the Law of Settlement. For if we were to have a free trade in corn, it was but just that there should be a free trade in labour, which was the only property of the poor man; that he should be able to carry it to the best market, and be no longer bound by pariah shackles. He felt comb dent that the result would be, if the abolition lure effected, that they would be better servants, and would find better masters. LITERATURE. The Bachelor of the Albany. By the Author of the " Falcon Family." An admirable novel, witty and wise, satirical and sentimental by turns, gay as light, and grave as life, rich in invention, acute in observation, sparkling with humour and good humour from beginning to end, and having, above all, a high and healthy moral tone and a sound purpose—the story of " The Bachelor of the Albany" has claim upon the novel-reading public of no ordinary kind. . . _ The construction and material of the tale are of the simplest character. Who does not know the Albany —that organised innovation upon our most cherished social institutions, where determined Malthusians isolate and segregate themselves from all the cares and costs incidental to love and lollipops—that un natural encroachment upon the rights of that devoted spinsterhood which is ever patriotically prepared to offer itself up as a sacrifice on the altars of its country, in order to increase that country's power and popula tion ? What " daughter "or "woman" or " widow" of England, has not attempted to penetrate the mysterious adyta of that long and singular arcade, guarded by such jealous and uncourteous warders, as she passed along Piccadilly, on her way to the parks or promenades. Not the least mysterious of the mysteries of the modern Babylon are those chambers of the Albany—the haunts of helpless bachelors—the retreat of superannuated men-about-town, worn-out rakes, and misanthropes—an asylum for every variety of hopeless oddity. Here dwelt Peter Barker, Esq., of the Albany—the hero of our story. This character is sketched with great nicety and moral anatomical power. Peter was beginning to grow grey in his centricity and eccentricity. He was a bachelor and a cynic —cold, hard, dry—drink ing sherry as his daily wine, and constantly beooming more rigid in manner and lees tolerant in speech. He was eccentric by license, as certain men are always I found to be in society. But then his life was a em. The Barkerian social, or rather anti- so cial, philosophy was built up on the idea of the stoics—of isolation and indifference—always the refuge of cowardly and crotchety minds. Possessing from twelve to fifteen hundred a year, he plumed himself upon being able to separate himself from all human cares and sympathies. He had very few friends —whom he mostly avoided—and no relations, at least be hoped and flattered himself so. Shut up in his isolation, he sneered at and despised the world. A gentleman by birth, and a scholar by education and habits of life, he sought, in his cold intellectual pursuits, the gratifi cation of the more active instincts of his being. The intellectual in his character was cultivated at the expense of the moral. He indulged his satirical dis position at all hazards, and spared no one whom his wit or his bitterness could wound. He had a dry , sharp logic for those he chose to reason with ; but he ' never scrupled to employ the first sophism that his armoury supplied to confound his adversary. Barker rejoiced in paradox, and took a malicious pleasure in entangling an adversary in the syllogistic difficulty called a dilemma. Music, lapdogs, the country, and women, were his cardinal aversions. He called a piano an instrument of torture, and consi dered Edward the First worthy of canonisa tion, because he persecuted the Welch harpers. Such was Peter Barker, Esq., of the Albany, at the opening of our tale—a man of good original disposi tion and cultivated mind, but isolated from life on system, selfish, cynical, and caustic, with no purpose in his existence save to eat and drink, sneer at the world, and chuckle over the avoidance of its responsi- Wide& Against this there is a counter-picture, less artisti cally perfect perhaps, but far more charming. Yea, there are the Spreads—the wealthy, educated, kind hearted, bounteous, and affectionate family of Mr. Spread, of the rich firm of Spread, Narrowem ith, and Co., merchants, of Liverpool. This is an enchanting gallery of family portraits. There is Alfred Spread himself, who is an old and intimate friend of Peter Barker, Esq., of the Albany—the frank, generous, bustling man of business : the type of what one would always wish to find the Eng lish merchant. And Mrs. Spread, with her cultivated tastes, her love of flowers, her gentle and matronly manner. The tall and beautiful Augusta, whose MHO! have murdered the sleep of the young St. Leger, and her pale-face, fat, and silent sister Elisa beth, who is contracted to that tract-struck Rev. Mr. Owlet, whom life is devoted to the work of trees- :111:1 2113 11 1 1 • X •