The Express. — London, England, 1847-03-31 00:00:00

--- S( water, should be placed under the same control and juria. diction, the goveniment proposed to give all these powers to the body which was to be appointed to Carry out on the vat the neeieury functions. It wee net necessary to embody all the proviions respecting these various him hens of drainage, sewerage, and the II Uppiy of water In the present bill, inasmuch as they were embodied in a bill drawn up by • committee at too end of last season and brought forward in the present when, and some of which had passed through the house. fie next point for consideratidn was, what was the local body to be? Lord Lincoln's bill reminded for a sew electoral hole, end a great p irti .n of it whetakon up with a variety of clauses which regulated the boundaries of the roe s electoral that-fete, triete, and for a complete electoral. system. He (Lord Mot pith; thought they had already enossgh of elections, and it was not desirable t o create a new electoral system. Various sogaestinns hail been made as to the conditutinn the local body. He had laid it dowse u the basis of legis'ation on the subject, that the various powers and functions should be consolidated: the., he would say, let them make the eon. solid ition complete, and centre it in those bodies who had been olreetly chosen by the citizens at large for the govern- Meld of their several communi'ies; and he thought the powers of sewerage, drainage, paying, and cleansing were prop, r functions for the municipal authorities, the town councils. (Hear, hear.) And although some party feeling might still exist nmongst then, bodies, there was good reason to h beer that the more of important and useful duties im phsed upon them, the more would mere party demarcation he weakened, and the more would they tempt valuable and useful men to join those belies. lie had there ore but little hesitation in recommending the adoption of the chitin.; municipal bodies for the local administration of the powers of the bill. The only difficulty seemed to be in the annexvion of suburbs ; but they proposed to take a power of annesing those to the nearest ward, and even of creating fresh wants whenever the number of inhabitants included in these bits of land or suburbs should seem to call far it. lie was niuth confirmed in this view by an extract from the report of the lilanch. stet Health of Towns Association, which seemed to put the point very clearly : " their objections to this creation ef a new body to whom three powers are to be transferred, are two-fold; trot, they anticipate many evils as likely to arise from an arrangement involving new elections, the appointment of new sets of officers, and the existence of perhaps condicting authority in the same locality; and next they fear that these clauses will give rise to as opposi tion to the bill generally, by which the advantages to the com munity of its purely aanitory provisions will he endangered ; and even if that opposition should be ineffective, they think It umbels!e that obstacles and impediments to the introduction of sacs roforms will arias, that world not have to be encountered, were the wishes and interests of thaw connected with the existing municipal goers nmcnt more closely attended to. The committee see as ad,quate ground for running these risks, and encounteriog these obstacles; it tope Ire to them that where town councils exist, the powers proposed to to entrusted to the new commicsiorers might be isefeiy entrusted under similar checks and securities given by govern ment euperinteodenoc to town °AMC& ; that the powers of surveyors of highways and of turnpike trusts might be equally well tr imPrred; that the surrnund rag district, constituting the urea of n aural drain age, might, if I.llCtillaeti by her Majesty in Council, be added to the meting municipal boroughs; and that, in shun, the whole Ural machinery tithe bill would be messily provided, without interfering with the existihe institutions, and withontencountering the opposition which the bill is Its present form will inevitably meet with." Power would be taken to secure the complete dreinage where it was necessary, even in districts beyond the suburbs. There were in my towns of large size which had not muni cipal cnrporatious, and which might be greatly in want of improved drainage—he might mention Brighton and Chel tenham as instances. The government at first thought of adhering to the practice of a hich they had an example in the commissioners of sewers, merely appointing commission ers. and leaving it to the towns to apply, if they should think tit, for charters of incorporation ; but be had now to propose, that in such towns or cities commissioners should be elected by the rate-payers, which could be done tinder the provisions of an act passed this session; and that the crown on the recommendation of the Central Beasi of Public Health should by allowed to nominate a certain number of adjuncts, not exceeding one-third of the body chosen. (Hear, bear.) The bill did not include any provisions for Ireland or Scotland ; he thought they bad better have separate enactments, and he hoped his right hon. friends more especially connected with the administration of affairs in those countries would give their beet attention to the construction and working of the bill he had the honor to propose, and adapt its provisions to them. The government proposed to include London in the enactments of the bill ; they did not see why the provisions, which applied to other incorporated districts, might not be equally applicable to the metropMis. The whole sewerage of London wee now under the control of commissioners of sewers—consisting of seven separate bodies—who exercised their large powei's in a somewhat irresponsible manner. Some of them were com plained of as expansive anti iaeffhient in the management of the funds, whilst others were spoken of in terra' of com mendation. As soon as an order in council, directing a district to be brought under the provisions of the act, should be issued, these commissions would be superseded, and the rate-pa en would be empowe re d to elect their representa tives fur aanitory purposes, the crown having the power of adding a number not to exceed one-third. Ile believed it would be found essential to the successful working of the scheme, that isogon as the act came into operation within any prescribed locality, all conflicting jurisdictions should cease, and therefore he proposed to take a power that the crown should, by order in council, extinguish any local hody of trustees exiAing fur similar purposes. No point had been more stronaly ured in all the recommendations on this subject than the necessity of getting rid of all conflicting powers. He might read on this head the following Mort extracts from the second report of the commissioners for inquiry into the health of towns : " For three resew we recommend that Ike meeeginnamt of the drainer nth, entire area, as doing for essinlishist, hyphen aim thejuradiction dam_ body. We thereibre sesennead hat he Wee struction chewers, human seloses, ion leen dui sbe enowoled to the local administrates* beity. Wog Ile whole din bah* and We constrootioo of the =rhea et mil shwels, eon% ont allePle= ender the ni nagenen d Ws ism wattaceity as the and that the limbo at helium he both wbss. ever practicable, be es,. e. Mot the pewaaer ha heal sass, noting the rest is nd dint, oink ant MPS refine d the bed ed. in!ntstrotive body he as pre* god tUt tho denies et mil privies ad compoolost pryer Om, awl dam awls be exclave,* entrusted to it. Whit he view et assarbags selimiemt supply mod proper distribution ef woke he oft ohms, we recommend that It be rendered ireenentive en an pal administrative holy, ehargot with the maragemeet of the 111111Melamd draiaage, to procure a ei water ta odielent unalgiles, not rely for &mettle *antis ?die inh ibitast& bat olio gw eisessimg the street& scouring the 'swan and drains, and the exthistios et are. For thin purpose we mom- moat ;hat the said body hen power to contract with computer, or I other parties, or maks othsr mensiary arrangements." It was right to say that japt and proper compensation would ; be given to all existing officers. He knew that great opposi tion woand be manifested by the existing bodies ; but the government having decided so to the best local body to which the powers of the bill could be entrusted, they ought to die regard all opposition. He hoped the importance of the duties entrusted to tho town councils would call forth talent sufficisat for their proper performance ; bat even if thisshonid not be the case, he believed they would derive some of their best checks and control from some of the provisions of the bill. In reference to this part of the subject. he would read some extracts from the report of which he had so frequently • spoken. The report says : That the interests of the community should be protected by the supervision eta competent, impartial, and responsibie public afcer named an inspector. That before new works are undertaken, full and eampreheneive surveys ehooM be made by competent memos. That, plans of complete works should be prepared by responeiblepublie officers, locally examined by them with the eetimates. That excesti they reports should be drawn up for local publication, in order that the advantages of new works may be thoroughly cincture& by all par. tug interested in them. That the whole of the works should be main tained as well as executed by contract. That the performanee of the eontract shotid be supervised by a competent, and remonslble local Wither ; and that the true cause. of di'n'e a death should be ascertained, and the spread of diseases, more especially epidemic diseases, should be ehockei, by the appointment in thstricte of askilksi and respousitde medic officer, called en officer of health. They intended, therefore, to make provision for the ap pointment of an inspector, whose duty it would be to irmti tate preliminary inquiries, and when that was done, and a local body constituted, it would be his duty to visit the towns and districts where he was required, to sec what was going on, to examine or prepare plans and surveys, and to make reports to the central body. Besides this inspector, who would probably be an engineer of some eminence, it was proposed to appoint a medical inspector who would have to visit the district in lain charge. They thought it better that the medical inspector should not be connected with the town, sad thtt be should be disengaged from any local inte rest that might be brought to bear upon him. The town council or town commissioners would have the appointment of the local surveyor, but he was to be approved of by the central board. His duty would be to superintend the drainage and contract works authorised by the act. Betides which the town council, or town commissioners, were em powered to appoint so inspector of nuisances, for the purpose of P roviding for the summary removal of those nuisances, which so much affected the public health. Provisions would be incorporated in the bill, to prevent the nuisance of smoke, and to provide that in any buildings intended to hold great numbers of persons, ventilation should be properly attended to. Provision would elan be made to enable the commis. 'loners to light towns and cities, and to make contracts with gas companies for this purpose. With respect to tho im portant subject of having a sufficient supply of water, he would observe that it was indispensable to proper drainage, and that drainage, without a sufficient supply of water to carry off the matter and relate, only tended to propagate and increase the evils it was intended to remedy. The nse of tubular sewers, with an ample apply of water, was necessary for an efficient artem of drainage. It would be acknow ledged that the supply of water in large towns, in cluding the districts of the metropolis, was both too scanty and too expensive. There was a great accumulation of evi dence and argument, to show how much preferable was a conetant supply of water to an intermittent supply : lie found it anis stated by Mr. Toynbee, that "the water is gene rally laid en in the mil, and a supply gine throe times a week, and, at each time the water dames on, the elm of dust and Mack, that has been deposited on the surface is mixed us i4 with . the previntia accumulation.. The • awe water is used for m bread by a biker who supplies a great number of th e poor." Dr. mid, that "the water retained la the rooms of the poor for domestic per posies soon become* covered with black scum, and there is generally a filthy eiocumulation on the surface of the water-butts. The fatigue of fetching a proper supply, which ought to be forty-fire gallons • day tar a egtage, Is most wearing." Mr. liawkeeley stated, that "ft is perfectly well known to those acquainted with the feelings and habits of I .bowers, they regard ft con intolerable DULOZICC °albeit return a dke...noe out of doors, in cold or in we in frost or in mow." It scented, then, that they had not advanced much siace the days of Andromache, fated . . „to b!ing 14e . ireig!it a ...ter from rower would be ioiioeweno asks sea tracts with mime oemlinsint; end, if nesseseiry, to mat *sin to esil task water worth, securing te the full rate of their dividends. There was a provisiss e = la akin.g the supply of water co-extensive with the &stoop, without which all their other attempts for improviugt die routitery eondition of the people would be thrown away. la ems of soy permanent works, where any unusual expealitanwestld be incurred, power would be given to borrow aseney,. the principal and interest of which would be levied by a ser ies of not from the owner, but the occupier, who to be benefitted. And in this way they the chief obstacle to the Improvement of the opposition of thy swum of propert) o easy instalment', I wu the person i remove • . • what they looked upon as a serious egpe.'see. It was this que.tl'n of rates--of hard money actually to be paid —that : had hitherto been the direct obstacle, and would, !". feared, I for many yeses, be tie indirzet o'et ale to sahitory imp-ore , men ts bring undertaken by the inhabitants of towns then . selves. There was tnnething in the sound of the word " rate,'• which stood against cleanliness, health. induStry, and all the virtues. (Hear, hear.) He feared that in the first instance some additional outlay would be required if anything was to be dono in the way of promoting the public health ; but it was only the necessary tribute which property mast pay in order to save the lives of those who were obliged to earn their bread by 'he sweat of their brow, though he had no doubt the owners of property would in the end find their advantage in the inestimable advantages which the I improvement of the public health carried in its own train. But besides this, on the ground of economy, the advantages I of such a measure were rot to be slighted. He could not refrain from qu ning some evidence Oil this point:— Dr. Lyon Playfair estimated the lon from unaseewary death and sickness for England and Wales at 11,000,0001., and the United King dom at 2s,noo,throt. There were the items of expense which Dr. Play fair reckoned were incurred under the present system, or rather want of system—direct attendance on the dirk ; Ices of what they would have earned ; premature death of productive contributors to the national wealth; and mornde of premature funeral,. Dr. Mayfair , estimated the low for Manchester at nearly 1,000,0001; Mr. Dentis try escalated the loss fur Nottingham at 300,0004 • Mr. Clay esti mated the Ices for Freston at 990,0001. ; Mr. Coulthai took the to a for Ashton-under-Lyne at 235,0001.; an d 1/r. Mayfair omaidered the toes of this metropolis to be above 2,500,0301.; and estimated the total loss to Eng la nd and Wales at little short of 11,000,6n0/. Mr. Cu,, referring to the health of towns, Newt " I Mull say nothing of the liquid manure which, ass I have been given to sin- 1 &rebind, is suffered to drain away into the ditches, thence Into the rivers, and from them into the see, from fully one-half of all the farmsteads of England, I will speak merely of the unappropriated ro- tome of large towns. In klenders, where manure is carefully cols freed. Instead of being, as here, suffered to ran to waste, the excrete of an adult is valued at If. 19s. Considering the enormous additions made to this manilla in our towns, it will not be thought unreasonable to estimate the value of that part of the refuse which now run to waste at 21. per head of the population; and supposing that In Engan or in Wales the towns which are guilty of this extrava. pace contain in all only 5,000,000 inhabitants, we shall have an annual waste of at least ten millions of money." Mr. limith, of Drennan, also expressed his opinion that•—"Tlking a general view of the subject, we may assume a clear revenue of the sewer water of all towns of 11. for each inhabitant." Dr. Arndt said that "715 value of town manure might be estimated by the fact, tint a portion of the drainage of Edinburgh his increased the value of time blade by rive than 5,0001. a year, and that, if the whole drain. egg at tartan ovoid be wed, so a sufficient distance from the town, the ea tie wenkl esened 500,000 f. a year." Dr. Arnett observed est Miles had bebelhted to a great extent by the adoptio n of such 1111DOINVOI DS seiggeoted he then went on to say that It bee been es/plated that, whereas the cesspools cannot be emptied by mightn't's kir Ina than 19s. a year, and whereas water-entriers get a 4d. for a pailful of enter at the door, an additlott of Id. to the rent, per week, will eullice for the expense of water. 'lnset., and of an unlimited supply of water for every house; and that the entire sanitory purposes contemplated under all the moon, nserdatione of the If ealth of Towns Committee, may be wocured for Ilid. a week per how." These calculations might be loo ke d upon as sanguine, but thaw nelsons who were best acquainteu with the sub. pet knew that much was to benne with regard toeconorny, by adapt. Ind efficient sanitary regulations." Mr. Itelland, d Manctcater, lilted that in twenty ate eta in Charlton-on-Medlock, the mortality hit bun 110 to 89 per mum% after, and no doubt principally in comeequenee of, the streets bring properly paved and drained. Mr. Gardiner and Mr. Noble had confirmnt the result by showing that, In eertain streets In St. Georges district Manchester, the deaths in 18,% 1639 amounted to 495 ; but that in 1841, 1642, after the to were paved and sewn:el, the deaths were . tea diminution of 53 or abort In a &Inlet _ la Awaits, • amast at atemilmeataf 1711. ea about caeaeveath, followed a similar trapreammt. ISO •AU mete sulking iambs. Me *Ms same fact rail*. la lima war lima liar= contained In nor. Liddle's evitienoelekee the Health Commission: " Windmill. an. BROTHERTON also offered his tribute of thanks to most, in Rosemary-lane, M. one of the most unhealthy In my di.- the government for this important measure. There were trim. It was unpaired and filthy, and with Megnant water before the houses. I used to visit It sometimes two or three times • dal many difficulties, no doubt, to be overcome, lint he hoped for fever cues. Asset II months ago it was lagged ; it was l and believed they would all be soceenfully met. supplied with water from a large cam-Iron tank, which en. Mr. P. HOWARD trusted thin bill would give a new im- Ales the inhabitants to have a constant supply, instead of an inter- petus to the utility of corporate bodies and lead them to mount one, on three days a week. The court is regularly washed l oo k a t local improvements, rather th an intermeddle with down twice a week, and the drains are so laid that all the water 'ides. He paid a tribute to the utility of the labours of pries through the privy and carries o ff the soil, whieh was formerly a mart foul nuisance, and a constant expense to the landlord. In re. Reid, in connexion with the subjects generally. the seven months ending March, 1543, I attended 41 new came of Leave wee then given to bring in the bill. sickness in that court ; in the last four or five months I have had but ARMY SERVICE BILL. Moment. The tent is better paid, and the tondionl is considered to Mr. F. MAULE moved the order of the day for le coon have made a good thing of the improvement., which are executed at veinal of Chic bill. his own ripest* There is no doubt fine of of th e tooto ' lox to pay the rent.` On ski ' s ' le Ile Me' common Oa the motion that the SPEAKIER do leave the chair, In so oompreheusive a subject there might be many imper- Sir H. DOUGLAS roes, pursuant is notice, to move, as fcctions. Many oversights might be discovered in the bill an amendment, that the bill be committed that which he proposed to bring M. He could only say that it day six months. He commenced by saying,. that was framed with an honest intention, and with a single view they possessed, on this important subject, an =dimity to the public good. (Hear, hear.) And unfeignedly thank- higher and greater than any in any ape or in any country, ful would he be if the result of the measure, having obtained sod if the government had been able to show that this the unction of parliament and the crown, should be to do in measure had received the sanction of shoe great authority, some degree what they aimed at, namely, to diminish, es far he (Sir H. Douglas) should en this union have waived ell as in them lay, those noxious influences within their reach, opposition. But in the =wage of the Cimumnder-in•Ohief's which so afflicted their towns and cities ; to hunt down the favourable opinion he should proceed tsioonsider the effete prevailing causes of general unhealthiness ; to let in more of this bill on the army, believing that be should be able to of pure rir, and pure water, and by so doing to diminish as show that it would have thy-most serioaireffiets both ion the far as they could these epidemic diseases which now and soldier and on the diaciplino sf the service. First, nto the then committed such fearful ravages ; to wage war every. solstice. There wee, now in the Betide army 10,130 where against filth and stench, the causes of languor, of soldiers who had served above be years, and 17,00iwho had bodily weakness, of fever and death-dealing pestilence, and served above 10 =deader ne years. Sow, as the bill was. thereby, as they hoped , to lengthen tho lives and add to the first brought into that hones, all these-27,000 merimould happinem of their fellow-countrymen. (Cheers.) have been thrown loose, a measure the consequences Mr. MACKINNON said the noble lord deserved thanks of which, in various of the world, would. for introducing the bill, and for encountering so much oppo- have been most . entre:using. But the army alien as it would create. He hoped it would have success, was saved from this dueful presenting by some at present unknown gnedisn of Britubs interests. and be as beneficial to this country as the measure of the He denied that any superior Ilan of men se ould be induced right hon. gentleman the Secretary for Ireland was likely to to enter the army, meths miserable promo it held out by this peeve to Ireland. Nothing perhaps would more effectually measure of sixpence &day after-thirty-1c sr •years" service. !tit show the great benefit of such a measure than the fact that toll, why wee it not ap seventy years ago, when Lord Anson was making his voyage we re . so geed a plan il"ma 1 round the world in the Centurion, he lost 270 men out of a crew Pl ied to the whole MIRY • - - ' I.47C ec opinir there should be a *(960, from tbewant of good ventilation. It was not supposed pensten fer nrviee if whatever duration, correspon din g senior to that five per cent. would be lest in making the same voyage the perionof service—not lee , -o for twe - sty ne years ' t new. It was impossible to calculate the saving of life which than Is, a day; and shouldthe fail to west the progress. of the bill inthe pressure stags; he shou'd in committee cove this bill would effect. The more he considered the subject, the more be was inclined to think it would be something ex- an amendment to this effect. Und ar the present system trzordinary. There was one subject, however, which the there 1•1111.2.1 *UV 'S sepply• 30 recruit,. who made no at:pule noble lord had omitted to speak of', namely, the removal of lion as tcilimiten berme. In the rest two years therm had cemeteries from large and populous districts. He should been 370= men enlisted, and the man of these of the best and meet legitimate elms. for seldlers—±e agricultural like to know from the noble lord if he intended to include any provision on this subject in the bill ? elms ; f in, as a general. rule, the men of the higher local scale wee. far Lord MUI4PETH mid that the subject of the present bill glasses than , iad these tem less ode peed, en al d the the worst of ea' were the.pentle was considered to be large enough in itself. The subject of Inuamural interment') was under the een ad ere ej en a t h e semi p Antes, fee these In the =Wipe» were dnappeatteo, men,who hod taken refuge in die= meted, reetleurnisilesi 1911fferfUllent. arm y as a. last sesouree. He contended Cal. T. WOOD thought it would be unconstitutional if the committee of the privy council were to hove the power 'c han cere introduced. H ted a thr e d rv i 11 2ks ere o se r o t rild be be no of due disci p line in the army of repealing the different local sets of parliament. It weukl if th' a limitation of service we ... mind be more constitutional if after the different diatricte were le tee r from an officer recalling to. rus the vasuoorcuna awaked out by the cemmissiosers, the noble lord were so to in and disorganisation which had been excited throughout tl is army by the similar previsions of Mr. Wyndham's nose to parliament with • bill to repeal them Lord LINCOLN said that ail the provisions which the • ct. One great feature of our syste m of enlistment noble lord stated to be in his till were contained in Miss he 'we s that it was accompanied wi th the. power at which he (Lord Lintels) had introduced, with t h e sum p. eel .ection, whence the acknowledged Optical sups den of the ventilation of large buildings, and the prevention ri ority of our troops over than of any other army. of smoke, both of which he thought the noble lord would , ' 1 :he bill professed to limit the diltion of colonial service, find more di ffi cult to be dealt with than heseemed to andel- I•me of the greatest of the soldier 's gnevanses. To do this, pate. There wore two or three points on which the noble he feared that under the new system the military force of the bed's bill differed from the one he had the honour to introdne country must be very much incensed. In proportion to the The noble lord said he felt it necessary to provide an hater _ number and distance of the outguards of en army must be body. Now, in order to carry out the system of t7te ni n n eVe u ro u rilt eu a di ce na rtain prof antral autton t il . mc d o i l yno uer•d t wit , t, mainth mo e refrequent relief or the outguards, as well as longer rest pate in that sweeping condemnation of centralisation 'eh' o h for the main body, be believed that our army must be M ums persons indulged in, but he thought that the nr , creased by eight or nine battalions. The expense of tianspori lord was running the ask of extending that principle too fee would also be very much increased ;he had no doubt but by the proposition before the house, end he was afraid th e re- that it would be doubled by the proposed elcinge. It salt would betoo minuenainterference in localaffain v i bi e b had been said that in India many soldiers remained after ought to be left to persons resident on the spot, who b their period of service from choice. That was an argu immediate interest in them He (Lord Lincoln)peopes, l i ti I t h a: meet against the bill. With limited enlistment, the soldier the central authority should reside with the Seen ,may o f would have no inducement to remain, as, at the term of his State for the Home Department to the same extent that he service, hie military habitswould be but imperfectly formed, exercised authority with respect to prisons, an d b e and he would take the alternative of leaving the army alto thought that this was quite sufficient. TT le noble gether, Another thing of which he would remind the lord proposed to constitute an entirely ne w w ee d house, was the revenue derived from discharges. Hitherto, fur the supenntendene of public health, to beer . . peee d of it had defrayed all the expenses of the recruiting service. paid commissioners and two ministers of the cue vu, one o f Under the proposed bill, that revenue would be effectually whom was to be the Commissioner of Woods a' id Forests, done away with. He thought he had shown that the bill and the organ of the board in that house. He thought it would be disadvantageous, not only to the soldier, but to the would be impossible for the Chief Commissioner of Woods to masses from which he sprung, and that it was uncalled for bestow that attention to the subject, consider ng the other by any necessity, either professional, constitutional, duties which devolved upon him, which woe' .d enable him political, or economical, and was, moreover, against fitly to represent the board is that bone. If e confessed he all the dictates of experience and prudence. Hi lookeelvrith jealosny . on throe paid commissio nee, and had a therte the only reward for the soldier, after a career of groat objection on principle to the conatruesio nof new beards. gallantry, was about 151. a year ; but, under the new plan, it He was aware they might be desirable in some instances. would be only 81. a year. The hon. and gallant member But the more they multiplied the partite . upon whom the concluded by moving his amendment. responsibility devolved, the less likely ww .ft that the public Major LAYARD said that if the gallant officer who had woad be well served. The noble loci e . should, before the moved the amendment asked why an alteration should be sesond reading, be prepared to "Pladis ' ally the entire plan made, he would answer became it unjust. The gallant officer involved in the measure. The title whir A had been given to said crime had decreased in the army, but he had not told the board, "the Commission of Health and Public Works," them that 28,000 men a year were convicted of crime, appeared rather ominous. tither. we ce any great scheme that 3,000 a year deserted, that 3,350 suffered corporal involving the sups rintendence of pels tic works, it should be punishment in three years, and that in the cavalry stated before the house was saked t 1 anent to the second the suicides were one in twenty of the deaths. He wading. (Hear, hear.) They had, P. right to know fully (Major Layard) had always an objection to calling the sum what were the functions tehe exere „sed by the hoard. Now received by the soldier on enlistment a bounty, when, in fact, • a second great alteration in. the Aar . which he (Lord Lincoln) it was only just sufficient to supply him with necerearies. proposed two years ago, was in di .e construction of the local You might educate the soldier—you might Mclean his pen hoard. He admitted the& these • rere valid objections to the 6011, but, until he knew he was no longer to be a slave, you hoard proposed by himself t font the question was one sue- would not get the best description of men, whereas, many a rounded by difficulties, and he thought he had adopted the thinking man would say, " Here is a service which, plan which involved the least. What he proposed was, to after ten years, if Ido net like it, I can leave," lateeduee a new electoral body . Though he agreed with the and would, therefore, be more likely to enter it. noble lord that it was not do& cable to add to the turmoil of The hon. and gallant member bad particularly objected to shisliesta, yet he meat say the t the noble lord had not avoided the period of enlistment being fixed at ten years, because dot ohisetton by his ea*" . He spoke of .anneting " bits that was not the length of service which ought to entitle a Of suburbs" to great sine diet - urine towns If he would man to • pension. But the hon. and gallant member forgot appeal, however, to the sof aitific gentlemen who hod been that, by an extension of service, he would obtain a deferred associated with the Duke' sf Buceleuch and himself (the Earl pension at a time of life when it wend," be of service to him. of Lincoln), he would 0 nd that almost invariably in the He admitted that this system of limited enlistment would be towns visited them ya° ' a strong objection to the conferring productive of inconvenience to commanding officers ; but he of new powers on municipal bodies. Granting that (Major Layard), would cause that inconvenieace sooner the duties impelled were coreprinsl in the proper than continue the present system of unlimited enlistment. functions of eorpor ations, still the municipal bodies The hon. and gallant officer had not served in India sr the were generally so or an influenced by political feeling, that West Indies, nor had he ever commanded a regiment of the party which die' . not possess the majority always looked the line. His service had been in the artillery, and with mistrust and apprehension on any powers of this de- our governments abroad, end no doubt he thought the smiption, u well f is on the appointment of office», and he system wonted well, because he knew nothing of its under wu afraid the of ,ble lord would find that in avoiding oar current, because he had always held a situation above it. He evil, he had run into another, which would be still greater. ' (Major Layard) thanked her Majesty's government fur this Another nun • why these functions should not be devolved measure,—it was just and right, and public opinion must on municipal it .-orporations was, that throughout the kingdom and would carry it. He believed if the colonels of regiments the natural le :ea of drainage was far more extensive than could be ballotted on the question, they would vote at this the tnunicite al jurisdiction. In the case of Nottingham, two- moment in favour of limited enlistment. (Hear, hear.) On thirds of the town would be altogether unrepresented. these grounds he supported the bill. This diffie ulty the noble Iced proposed to get rid of by an- Mr. S. HERBERT observed that the right hon. gentle flexing :suburbs, and, where necessary, even creating man opposite (Mr. F. Maule) was aware that his (Mr. S. new wirds. If they had to legislate for Manchester Herbert's) opinion that unlimited enlistment was objection alone, '..he proposal of the noble lord would, perhaps, be able, was placed on record in the War-office. At the same superiew to that made by himself, but to many other towns time he thought that the evils of unlimited enlistment had it we ild be altogether inapplicable ; it would be impossible, been very much exaggerated. Practically speaking, there by t'-le plan, to meet all the varieties of interest which would was no such thing as unlimited enl i stment; on the contrary, erne. But he especially deprecated the rashness of the noble it was managed by a sort of side wind to prevent the rigour lead in including London in this bill. (Hear, hear.) He of real unlimited service. Certainly, great means 'of men ventured to foretell that, in that respect, the measure would served until they completed the period which entitled them ' prove a most signal failure. It was no more possible to to pensions ; but he believed the great majority of men who embrace in this bill Westminster, Southwark, and ell the entered the army left it after about 16 years' service. This, other districts which constituted this great metropolis, than from returns on the table, was shown to be the natural time to legislate for Pane, or any other town on the continent. at which men left the service; and he thought, if the right When there were so many • gasworks , when there were hon. gentleman opposite (Mr. F. Maule) had by this bill sane waterworks extending over • space equal in extent to 30 or honed that term monad of 10 years as proposed ' • 1 his expell ee ordinary towns combined ; when there was every species meat would have been of a itch lea. hazardous ' character. of complication as regarded paving, sewerage, and other In continental armies — in in ' France particularly—the service matters; anti when is the very centre of the metropolis %hero though compulsory was of comparatively short ilurolori, and THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENThifit, MARCH _3l, 1847. wan a es.rowate body having distinct fttneth. "'s tediseiT the greatest complaints we, - made by th; relatives of young e. h ow 04% We to e ff ect the o bj ect p r opose d k bill s. el: men who came back aftertheirp. nod of service w"comPletodi was to be app;:ethllt to every small town in the ka.'itdom, he that they were unlit fir any mho s ' Pursuit or occupation. iin WAS orterly at a 4to vont-sive. (Hear. lest) Ss: fee as Might not the name be the case 2 . 0 :hie country ? .Igain : Lon* in de hril t it fdt m a w th a t a l e bill *amid it would be well worthy e: consideration whether the period prow a Offinis. ( r, .hear.)lln theta., of usiiiporporats, d, of enlistment could be so arranged as to . pr,..rent too largo a s tit towneths nehle lard troOtted to add 4e- the body denten number of the popul9tinn fmne acqui ring it knowledge of members nominated Ispi tie crown. He (the Ertl of 1.4 - ..viilitary life. Abroad, almost every popular morament be. coin) 'could not see why members should be added is the eiune a formidable insurrection; the population Zostantly cam of Brighton and Cheltenham any more than in th at of fortiOd themselves into corps, and became, in feet, an army, Manchester or Birmingham, and he hoped that objestion only ...sluing the uniform. This was a point welt deserving would receive consideretiten. He heeded to assure the the uteri. thin of the legislature and the government when nob:e lord shot, notwithstanding the obje, tions which he hod facing trto period for which enlistments ought to raised, he would render him every assistance iu carrying • take plate. (Hear, hear, hear.) At the time when measure which would be effective as ,regarded the main , he (Mr. S. Herbert) was at the War-office, he obiect in view. had been rely anxious to provide an outlet for well- ,I Mr. AGLIONBY thought the measure did not go far tiondiseted withers, by procuring es rewards for them cm enough. The noble lord spoke of great towns and cities ; pioyment in other ways under the government, and he had but there were many small towns in which the health of the thsUght it would hove been useful to rereuit the police force inhabitants suffered even mom than in the larger ernes (rote the army. lir the same way the right hon. gentleman ' Lord MORFETH—There is no limitation. opposite (Mr. Fox Maale) new attempted to devise - a means Mr. A.GLIONBY said he referred especially to the ma- by which some hold or authority would be retained over the chinery of the bill, which was more complete in the can of men when they left the army. He concurred iu the opinion large towns than in that of small ones. He saw no objection that it wee wholly out of the question to give- s man a Pen to the bringing of auburhs within the range of the corpora- &ion after tea years' service,. but still he thougtel the pet 'Posh tion for the purposes of election ; and he thought there to give him a deferred pension at the age of 60) ewe could not be a better instrumentality for currying out the after enrolment in the local corps, would not yr °" act than that of a body responsible to the inhabitants of the a sufficient inducement to the best men is resat a. town. He would suggest that the bill should be made lie should have preferred the period of fourteen yews to sin 'i more extensive in its character, and include the health, as Weine to the soldier the whole tour of foreign a well a • improvement and management of towns. The evils arising home service. He objected to ten also as being more es. from the operation of so many local acts were stated in the pensive, although he readily admitted that that was not a report of a committee which eat last year, and he hoped that grave objection, if counterbalanced by great advantages: He a general bill, including paviiig, sewerage, lighting, and even was an advocate fax limited enlistment. (Hear, hear.) It police, would be introduced by the government, in oomph- was not a superior class of mesa he wished foe but better men since with the recommendation of that committee. from the same class ; and they were to be obtained by rub- Mr. GREENE remarked that there were then as weeny Stittning a limited enlistment for the present objectionable as twenty bills before the house for the improvement of system; which allowed a boy of 18 years of age, whose towns, and suggested that they should all be suspended until father would not intrust with the manageraeut of the this bill had been fully considered. As regarded the muni- most ordinary contract, to enter upon one for cipal corporations, he thought that if web bodies were not himself which a ff ected the whale term of his life. qualified to carry out the measure, they were of no use what- 'He thought the present a favourable opportunity of revising ever, and had better be aholished. (Hear.) "She pension warrant of 1833. (Hew, hear,.) He had no Sir W. CLAY thought that full time should be given to istention of voting for the proposition of the gallant gene the different bodies in London affected by the bill to express red, with whom he did not agree in pelnciple • r but he was their objections. If the bill passed, there would be some not without apprehension mete the working of the measure hundreds of acts to be repealed, some hundreds of bodies of of the government, tinier the right hon. gentleman con commissioners to be dissolved—their, hear)—and he was sensed to modify it, making it more accereable to the army, quite sure that the noble lord would allow all pasties au op- and Less hazardous to the country at large. (Hear, hear.) portunity of stating their opinions. As regarded the sub. Mr. F. MAULE said he had not adopted ;Symms on stitution of ore mode of supplying water to the metropolis mere chance. He bed, under all the circumstancee, eansi for those now in operation, that would involve the necessity duvet it a better period then the 7 years of Mr. Wyndham, of destroying the present apparatus for supplying water in or the H years of his right hon. friend. Hir objection to nearly every house in London. He (Sir W. Clay) wee will- 14 years was this : a man enlisting at 18, and serving the 14 ing, however, to give his best assietanee in passing a measure years, was then 32 years of isge,.a period of la at which it which would be advantageous to the public generally, would be found throughout the army that the sommandiag Mr. HOME said it was to be expected that there would officer hada strong objection to rsienlin. Such discourage be various sellintereated bodies standing in the way of ira- ment would be thrown upon the reienlistinent of men at provementa which would be essential to the public interest. that age, that they woul.l be east off without ear pensien (Hear, hear.) It wee true that there were gas companies at all. If it was proposed to give a pension, then and water companies ready to supply gas and water to those did he object on the port of the public, ns who Gould afford to pay for them ; but the great object of pension men after so short a period of service. the government was to provide for the warts of those who The result of the system might be judged from the oonduet bad hitherto been neglected; and, unless they were prepare* of the pensioners abroad. In Canada, during the lam rebel to grapple with self-interested bodies, it would be impousiblie lion, when every attempt was made to induce the pensioner* to pass any measure which would be extensively beneficial. to '- the rebels, they resisted to a man, and united in ..... Hehelieved that this measure was based upoo trite economy,. because it would tend to preserve the health of the masa et? pocdation. join _ giving their services to their country. (Bear, hear-) He had not the least fear et the discharged soldiers under the mew system leading the people - -nt whom they nailed - believed amongst into anything Illseinischief. `On the other hand, he _ _ 'they would set a good esample by their order and loyalty. =would be sailed up. every year for twelve days, and then have the opportunity of mixing with the ether soldiers. As to the expense, he did not anticipate any in grease. Where men took their discharge at the end of ton yens, there would be a saving in the pension list ; but from this he did not calculate ow much saving. He believed that the bulk of them would re-enlist, having overtime all the difficulties in a soldier's life, and would then hare a pension todook fbrward to at the ender 21 years. The hon. and gal lant officer who opposed the further proceeding with this bill. seemed to forget that . the period of writhe for the soldier had for years past been gradually dwindling down. He believed that the public mind was now made up in favour of limited enlistment, and that the system of unlimited enlistment would gradually die away. (Hear, bean) If the unlimited syttem was Fiedler the-army, wky had it not been introduced into the nary, where the period except during the war, was only five years? (Hear.) Hi thoixtht he bad a right to complain of the hon. and gallant offices hoeing raised two debates on the principle of this bill. He had first declared that he would not odder it any decided. opposition; afterwards, having heard of something that had taken. place in high quarters, he had them down and 'abed for the correspondence that had passed on the subject be tween the government and the commander-in-chief. This beim( refused, he had amused, most unwarrantably, that the Duke of Wellington disapproved of the measure. (Hear, hear.). This he lad no right whatever to do ; and certainly the commander-in-chief would not thank him for throwing upon him all the unpopulerit,, of which. the noble duke was wholly innocent,of opposing: this measure. (Hear, hear.) The boo. and gallant o ffi cer had said that he h ad weer beard a-complaint on the sulgect of unlimited enlistment; and this was very unhand, for it was not likely' th at the soldier% would make any complaint on a subject on which they knew they could not obtain any relief. Then ha had alleged that the men who.were enlisted! AN • limited period would be less effective. Did he not know that nearly the whole of the Peninsular army were enlisted fora Eroded period? (Hear.) The hon. and gallant officer bad spoken of the expenditure of 1810,000 dollars required during the Peninsular war for re-enlistment. This sum wouldthe sufficient fee the re-enlistment of no leas then 18,000 men, The whole number of men enlist.) in 1808 was 38a09 the decrease of the army at that time was about nine per sent. per annum, or 10,00& in seven years, which would leave 10,700 at the end of that period. The Penin sular army at that time was only me-sixth of the whole, and oould not have contained mese than 1800. et these old soldiers. He could: not, therefsm, see how the hon. and gallant officer's point was carried out. In past of fact, it wean= of two or-three years' service who had fought thine very battles to whrnit the gallant officer had so proudly referred. The men who contended at Waterloo were mere recruits. Upon the score of humanity, tan this bill was fully justiied. Experience proved that men. of from Ito 10 years' service were those who.best withstood the influente of foreign cli mates. Take the East Indies. From an abstract of the comparative rate of mortality amongst the troops there, from the years 1820• to 1837, it appeared that between 18 and 20 years of age. the deaths were 16 per 1,000; from 20 to t 2, 23 per 1400 ; from Tato 24, 34 per 1000 ; 25 to 30, when ten years' service would have been completed, 5.5 per 1,000: 35 to 45, 63 per 1,0410 ; and between 45 and 55, 80 per 1,000; showing that the harrest sac:rake of life was amongst those Ilikale lenghtk of service ranged between 1 and 10 ran. (lieu, hear.) The returns from Ceylon, the Mauritius, Jamaica, the Cape of Good Hope, and other co lonial stations, showed the same result. He could not hold out any hope of any change in the principle of the measure. It had not been adopted without mature consideration. Undoubtedly the measure was an experiment, but it was one so full of good proepect, that he had no hesitation in taking upon himself the responsibility of proposing it. He called Ilpon the house for an immediate decision, in order that the utiny Bill might be procee2ed with. Col. T. WOOD—The proposed change showed the advan tage of Mr. Wyndham's plan of enlisting for seven, fourteen, or twenty-one years. He hoped it was not intended that the soldier was to be turned loose upon society after the beat years of his life had been spent in the service of his country without a pension. (Hear, hear.) He did not apprehend any danger to the state from the distribution of discharged soldiers amongst the people. No such re suit had followed the disbanding of the militia at the close of the last war. He would vote for going into com mittee on this bill, because he thought that it world give a death-blow to the warrant of 183.3, and would lead to the establishment of a new warrant on a perfectly new principle. After a few words from Sir 11. De Lacy Evans and Cpl. Reid, Bir H. Douglas withdrew his amendment, and the house west into committee profound. The CHAIRMAN reported progress, and the committee ad journed to this day. FEVER (IRELAND) BILL. On the order of the day being read for going into com mittee on this bill, The Earl of LINCOLN said, that there was no doubt the sooner this bill passed the better ; and drew the attention of the house to the suggestions which he had made in August hut, when fever was beginning to become rife in Ireland. He would not move an amendment to the bill, but he thought the government would have acted wisely if they had adhered to the provisions of the bill of last year, and made the ex penses payable out of the poor rates in the usual manner. Mr. LABOUCHERE said the bill had received the sane. tion of the highest authorities who were most conversant with the state of the country. It was a temporary bill con taining provisions which would certainly be most objection able in a permanent measure ; but he thought no argument could be advanced in favour of the application of the public money to feed the poor, which would not eqnally apply to a measure, the object of which was to arrest pestiLece and fever. After a few words from Mr. Henley, Mr. VESEY said it was absolutely necessary to provide !br the interment of the dead in Ireland. Otherwise fever nd pestilence would spread throughout that country. The bill then passed through committee. The house adjourned at a quarter past one. MR. SPOONER'S MOTION. (We hove beenfaV - Onwd;;athefolic;;ing brief outline of what occurred in the House of Commons during the en. elusion of strangers this evening.] M. SPOONER proceeded at some length to state his views in reference to the subject of the bill which he pro posed to introduce, sanctioned as it was by a society eom posed of right rev. prelates, peen, and highly-respectable individuals, whose object was to diminish, if it could nut be put an end to, the vine and crime resulting from prostitution and its consequences. The principal objects contemplated by the bill were to give a more summary jurisdiction in the ejectment of tenants of houses of ill-fame, and the infliction et severer penalties cases of convicted panderers to, and traffickersin, prostitution, by the decoying of young females for such a purpose. Lord ft. GROSVENOR seconded the motion.. Sir (l. GREY gars the boo member for Birmingham, and those with whom he acted, full credit for the sincerity of their motives, which were most laudable, and trusted the house would afford the hon. member an opportunity of bringing in his bill, without entering further into the merits of the question at present. Mr. HUME was sorry to find the government disposed to saactMn the introduction of a measure of this description, which, in hia opinion, would be productive of more hum than rood, inasmuch as it would be drawing public attention to a dia . vorting and revolting subject. A bill very sisals WI to objects was introduced Itwo 'onion' . since in the Rouse of Lords by A right roe. prelate, 'hen the subject wee fully considered, and the bill was , bindoned es impracticable to be alfalfa out. lie thoug:it tfe laws in reference to offences contera plJted by the bill sere alreaiy sufficiently etricgent, and if the local authorities per;amed their duties efficiently and ' properly, the suypression of brothels might be effected with out the aid of any additimal machinery for that purpose. Thinking that the promoters of this measure would be much more likely to attain the desirable object they had in view by extending education and by instilling moral principles into tho riaing generation, he should oppose the introduction at the bill. Mr. C. BERKELEY trusted the hon. gentleman would not persevere in Isis opposition to the introduction of the bill, although he himself was as strongly opposed to it as the bon. member. The hen. mover, who acted in unison with the bishops and the clergy, proposed that tenants and occu piers of property of the description referred to ghoul I be more severely dealt with, but be said nothing about owner ship. Was the bon. gentleman aware of the fact that the deans and chapters of Westminster and Gloucester were the largest possessors known of such property ? ' • • ' • • . . . Mr. HUME having reluctantl y withdrawn his opposition , leave was given to bring in the bill. POOR RELIEF (I KELAND) BILL Deems in Committee. m &mar of dame eluding that, from and after the let day of November next, no person who shall be in the occupation, whether under lease or agreement, or as tenant at will, Or from year to year, or in any other manner whateoever, of any Lund of *renter extent than the quarter of a statute acte, shall be deemed and taken to be a destitute poor person under the provisions of this art. Ayes, 117 ; Noes, 7. AYE& " Imlay, C. B. DlaraelL B. -- Jolliffe,SirW.G.llPluennage, Capt. An , ,bold, R. Dna, J. S. W. Kemble, H. Pulsford, R. A n n light, 0. Dumas, 0. fin, Li 8. Wigan, G. W. A 'el.. durreyDundas, Admiral Lahouchere, H. Rice, E. B EIM of Midas. Sir D. Law, Hon. C. E. Russell, Lord J. ham s W. Finch, G. Lawle., Mo. C. Randeison, R. Nu nn , J. M. Fitzroy, Lord C. Layard, Major Shaw, F. Bitola., T. Fonter, M. Lefty, A. !Mandan, R. B. 3 Bed' , Fuller, A. E. LygorL Hoo. G. Soinereille.Sir W. Bentionkk a. *MG. Gukell, J. M. Macaulay, T. Stuart, W. V. &item% Gpt.Gladatone,Capt Macnamara, Maj. Stuart, J. Bertal, R. Grey, Sir 0. WDoanell, J. 11.8trutt, E. J. L Grogan, R. Maitland, T. Tanned, H. W. i ;Bat ; i IL Grosseisor,l4.R. Mang's', R. D. Thompacei, Ald. Ann ia Dn. Hamilton, G. A. Manners. Lord J. 7'bornely T. Briace, M. Harcourt, 0. O. March, Earl of Thilemach, J. &non ,. ow A.: 9. Harm Ho. Cant. Maule, RL Iln. F. Trelawiy, .8. a nthem , i , Hatton, Capt. V. Mazwell,lln.J.P.Tufaell, 11. amen, Cal. Hawei B. Molbtl, G. Veaey, Hon. T. Boller, C. Heathcote, SirW.Mooshan, J. H. Vilbers Ho.. C. Buller E. .. nezteage, E. Morpeth, Vint. Walsh, 8. J. B. Than k W. i fenley, J. W. Monis, D. Ward, IL G. a nn d on . m o n v ell ill. Lord M. Mewdegale, C. N.Wyw, T. env. nir w. n , thouse, Sir J. O'Brien, A.d. Yorke, H. H. coin. Hon. ii. H . , 'le, Sir J. O'Brien, C. Young, J. Corte, Sir C. 0. ..., e, G. W. O'Connell, M. J. Corry, li.I i . fin. aii — c - T. trd, Hon.C. treoskor, Don T 71.1.2211. raid,H., W . F . Bor, rd. P. H. Ogle, S. C. U. Bellew, lt. it c ni d, w . 0. i nn ,,,,, , Sir W. C.Ord, W. Gregory, W. li. Dirk, Quin.' je,..* Stir J. Patten, J. W. Nelda..., P. H. Joadyt. '. Vioct. Perfect, B. -.--- NOES. Cnwtord,W. 8. it.n.plin Ty, Aid. &Tope, 0. P. O'Brien, W. S. Prat, B. mxi r y ) ,A. Williams, W. Curteis, ii. B. Bram, Sir De L. c a, p m pm al by Lord George Bentinck, that no deduction be ma d e bth r rent of rateable property, after the let of January, 1849. Am, 7 6 ; Noes, 79. 4T 3 ! 3 .• asbEd. T. D. Dimr,Sini 'kit Holmes, Hos.W. O'Brien, A. S. C. B. Illereell.ll. an., G. W. ratun, J. Demplek fir Xr• Reedyn, See. Reid. Col. di ir ; 11 '4 eeetee, fair C. Jaws. OA rt. Bette; CM. J. moo. H . D Iwo % seed it Her, D. R. Bellevue, Cot Buie& T. Pias " , G. Knifed, Y. W. Beleleorp, Cot Berreeen, T. Iteßer, A. R. Lae. Hon. C. Stuart, John Nam" P. Senbel. J. la Len% S. Sutton, Hn. H. Dept Lenox, Level G. Toyer, F.. O. Liddell, Bork XL Tteempeon, Ald. ireeke, Bir A.S. S. Limey F.artet Tellensche, J. Banbary, W. 11.11repre, Unitas'', Col, Tam Hon. T. Cardwell, E. Nalsay, T. P. Manners, LomLlVilliere, Wet. Carew, W. H. P. Bteedtooo. O. A. NureLi Barl ct ?rm. H. Menlo% Mare. Betee,lden.Cept-kleetennan, J. Wade, Sir J. B. Chute W. L. W. Seelhade r nirW.DI area, 11.n.J.Tonne, Jaen Clerk, Sir G. Healey, J. W. H undy, SH. Cole, Hon. H. A. ert, Newdegme, mines. Corry, H. yard, Newry, See ter W. NDES Cripple % W. H i lt Sal Lord*. Norrem.Lord Shaw, Agliamby, H. A. Dodd, CI. -- Jeri* FM I. Parrett,. It. Aldam, W. Dug; J. Wood:ore, H. Phdlamb% J. Amos, Hon. Cot Duncan, 81. Lam Mae, H. Hairdos, Col. Archbold, R. Ugandan, Adm. Ilaminlas Hon.litlek, H. Arundel Lit9tureyDwittak.lir D. M'Carthg, A. Russell,. Lard J. Harlot Dodos, Hon. S. M'Doorell, J. 31.3a50i11, Lord E. Bannerman, A. 'Wort, R. Maitland, T. jorope, G. P. Baring,F. T. Era ^W. Mangles, R. D. Sheridan. R. B. liarros,Sir H. Evans, Mr D. L. Marshall, W. Somerrile.SirW. Berkeley, Capt. Fit lord C. Haute, Rt. Hs. F.Stanley, W. 0. Berkeisy,/liktiFOure, Mao. IL Ml elo% T. A. Stuart, W. V. Bodkin, J. J. Grey, NM G. Mcdtatt,G. Strutt, Hon. E. Barring, Dr. Hall, Sim B. Mon. ban, J. H. Tharnety, T. Brakeman, J. Hawes, B. Mot petli, Via. Warburton, H. BullerC. Hewn*, E. Morn. D. Ward, H. G. Coll e tt:, W. D. Hobboaan, Sir J. O'Britn, W. .. Wilabere, W. . Holland, IL O'Connell, H Vire, T. Cogper,ilas.W. nomad, C.W. G.O'Cosor Don Cralg, W. G. Howard, Hon. E.Ogie, B. C. H. 711. W. Craned, W. B. Howard. P. H. PageLLord A. Kill, Lord M. Dickinson, F. Hoard, Sir H. Per J, Capt. Tahiti, 11. NOTICE. TLe Proprietorsof the Deily News (Morning) and Ezpews (Evening) papers have been induced, in consequence of the representations from various respected quarters, to ores Offices at No. 4, RWTAL EXCIAANOWBVILDIMIS, the corner of Cornhill, and fronting the Renal Exchange, for the greater *convenience of the numerous connexions and fiends of these papers in the City and ins eastward environs, who may desine to communicate intelligcnce of interest and utility: and co and after Tuesday, the oth April, a gentleman will be in daily attendance there is receive such cons , The Mike will be open from nine in the morning till eight in the evening for advertisements. No. 4, Ex charwe.lneldings, conger of Cornleill, fronting tAc Royal Exchange. Zit ep:prt*S. 31AILIC: The mails for New South Wales, Van Diemen's Land, and New Zealand will be mule up on the evening of the 31st March. The Went India taxi t., including Ulcer for bleak" Ifondorov, and m th e 'Savannah, will be ade up cm the morning of the End April. overland muds for Gibraltar, Malta, Greece, the lonian Islands, Beret, Aden, Ceylon, India, Tlong-Kong, and China, vie Southampton, will be made up on the morning of the 3rd April. The mails for British North America, Bermuda, and the United States, will be made up on the evening of the 3rd April. The Sarah Sands otrambr is appointed to sail from Liverpool on the 6th April, for New York; letters in time on the sth April. The meth for the Brazils, the River Plate, Monte Video, Pernam buco, Bahia, Madeira, and Buenos Ayres, will be made up on the evening of the sth April. The mails for Vigo, Oporto, Lisbon, Madeira, Cadiz, and Gibraltar, .11 the made no en the morning of the 7th April. The overland eloped maib, rio Marseille., to the Mediterranean, Egypt, Aden, Ceylon, India, Hong Kong, he., will be made up on the evening of the 7th April. MOH WATER AT LO:9OM-BRIDOE. Ten Datilnrianai.iionn.paat 1 ; Afternoon. 15 mia past 2. Sco-31onacm —Morning, 30 min. past 2 ; Afternoon. 47 min. past 2 LONDON, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 31. WE do think that the ideal, formed by our contem poraries, of the scope and magnitude of national edu cation, not only such as it is, but such as it is even desirable in England, is very much exaggerated. To hear the great prospects held forth, and the great censures dealt upon the furtherers or opposers of the education scheme, one would think that we were going to found a great national college, in which the rising generation were to be taugh., not merely their letters, but their morals, and philosophy ; and, in short, a complete cycle of knowledge. Both Times and Chronicle scout National, and British and Foreign schools, as inadequate, as beggarly, as bestowing the mere name and shadow of education. Both seem to think that nothing is to be done, or is worth doing, that would not bestow a good moral and intellectual education—training as wall as knowledge—on the children who frequent these schools. This impatience, these exigencies, on the part of our contemporaries, are no doubt very generous and philanthropic. But they are unreasonable: nay more; they are greatly calculated to defeat the much humbler object which educationists at present have, or ought to have, in view. We protest, for our part, that all we contemplate in the schools, which the go vernment scheme is intended to aid, and which it promises to supply with masters somewhat compe tent, is, the communication of the elements of know ledge. Reading, writing, summing, with kindred and simple elements, constitute all that we should propose, being, in fact, primary education, and no more. Primary education is but the key to know ledge, and that key we would distribute to every one of our population. But the making use of this primary education — the unlocking of the store which it opens—that is another and much more vast, and much more important undertaking, from which we do think that government should shrink for the present. Primary education may, in our opinion, he commu akated without the least tincture of sectarian creed, (*more than the general colour of religious view. Once you pass the object of primary education, and proceed to the mental and the moral educa tion, then you enter upon new ground and into a new world, into which no parent will introduce his child without well considering who is to be his guide, what are the ideas he is likely to conceive, end the principles he is likely to assume. The success of any general scheme of education in this country must depend upon strictly distinguishing the primary from the secondary—the school in which the elements are taught, from the school in which the elements are made use of and turard to account. Our two contemporaries, therefore, vihen indulging in wholesale mockery of those institutions in which the elements of education c — oiamr.nicated, and suc cessfully communicated, to thousands, and in seeking either to modify those institutions, or to substitute others for them, which are to give a more complete and secondary education—by such efforts as three our n !content on:ries are merely labouring to de s t roy Ichance of eis *, cr primary or secondaiy educati on h the country. Il t iey are doing far wors e th an Mr B LINES. In pursn:t „f a shadow, they are l os i ng the reality. They are (ma? ging to the peat questi on t h e prejudices of the man or letters, just as the religioojete bring to it the prejudices of their cloth, an d exc l aim: " That education is worth no thing that d oes not cop municate certain refined and cc. rnplete views' which no system will ever give to the humbler classes of society. No system of education will forte knowled ge, judgment, or morals into the minds of the dull m e i. pient. No system of education can effect more flu ke I the opening and the offering the treasures of know. ledge to those who will press forward to take thou, And this, in our opinion, is precisely what education is for—at least national education—offering fair chances of instruction and elevation to such spirits as can profit by it. Such inspectors, therefore, as Mr. IRE. MENIIEERE, who deem to expect from primary ed e . cation a universal development of intelligence, a great and genet al roF^iency, would lead, just as the tuna brat ions ot our contemporaries do, to disheartening every one practically engaged in popular education to th e abandonment oftts humble and useful efforts, and to a striving after a perfection and enlightenment not realisable with the mass. It is this visionary . scheme of blending primary, and secondary education in one, and exaggerating the day. school, in which the children of the poor may, for the few spare years of their incipient boyhood, receive the elements of knowledge, which has done eo much harm. It is by representing this as a college, that is, to form the mind and cultivate the heart, which has alarmed the religious fears and the social jealousies of that immense body of the middle classes, which has been in a great measure repudiated by the Church, and which in turn cannot consent to augment its influence, especially over the young, Did we think that the Dissenters had the least grounds for their fears, we should be the last persons to thrust upon the middle classes of this country any institutions, which were to work against the views and interests which they have deliberately chosen and espoused. But we cannot ace in the government scheme of education any such possibility or prospects. We see in that scheme the only possibility of offering the ele. meats of education to the children of our rustic classes. To emancipate the intellect of those classes, to give them clearness of purpose, a knowledge of their true interests, and some sense of dignity and self-re spect, is an immense object. We labour to do some thing physically for those classes, in providing them with labour and means of subsistence. But we make no progress in ensuring their independence—quite the contrary. The tendency of the age in England is to degrade the peasant as an intelligent being, and at a time when every country on the continent spends its pains and its thousands in giving education, and independence too, to that class. Let another hundred years pass over, as they are passing, and the English peasant will be to the continental one as the abo rigines of Australia to the Hindoos. As to towns, as to the civic population of England, and the middle class of which it is composed, it s not such a scheme of education as that of the govern ment that would enable the Church of England to resume its lost hold over them. The more education— the more rival systems of education—the less chances are there of any such tendency or consummation. Sot only are the Dissenters, in this respect, fighting sha dows, but they are fighting against their own inte rests and prospects. We cannot pretend to stop them; but we can only say, that if the present clamour succeed in stifling the present humble efforts after national education, and in punishing its abettors, then it is the last time that education will ever be mentioned, much less touched or cared for by a British legislator. England shall be condemned to remain a brute and a dark world, whilst every other portion of Europe gains daily over us in instruction and intelligence, and true toleration. No memoir or legend of the middle ages has re vealed a more cruel or infamous story of coercing and persecuting a lady of youth, high birth, and fortune, than circumstances are now disclosing with respect to the young Queen of Spain. A stronger proof cannot be adduced of the constraint put upon her, and of her anxious feeling to be rid of it, than the fact, that the instant CHRISTINA and BRESSON left Madrid—the instant the rule of violence was withdrawn—the first impulse of ISABELt.A Was to seek out and choose, as her political friend and champion, the very man who was most opposed to the doings of the Queen-Mother and the French envoy—the very man who strenuously, though almost alone, denounced the double marriages, and whom Mr. BULWER ad dressed in his celebrated letter, contradicting the mean falsehoods of InTRITZ and his associates. Queen ISABELLA had recourse to the counsel of a chivalrous and honest soldier, General SERRANO. And this is considered an act so criminal, or at least so menacing, by those who perverted the Queen's youth to falsehood, and gold her prospects of happiness to the interests of her sister and of the French King, that nothing less can restore their confi dence, or satisfy their vengeance, than dethroning the young Queen, and transferring her power—to whom ? To the idiot whom they forced upon her for a husband, and who, of course, was chosen as the most convenient tool. Never, certainly, might a woman and a princess appeal with more right to the o mpathies of the generous, or even to the arm of the brave. Never has violence more flagrant, treachery more base, been exerted, to ruin first the happiness, and then filch the fortune,of a young female, than has been done by her self-constituted guardians, French and Spanish, by Bassos and IsTußtrz, by her own horrid mother, and her mean paramour. At this moment the young Queen has but her own will and her sense of wrong to support her. SERRANO, whose counsel she sought, is obliged to conceal himself to avoid the Moderado police. In her distress, the Queen has sent fur Mr. BULWER, and no doubt received honest counsel; but even this has filled the tyrants of the poor Queen with lat 7; and she was, by the last accounts, menaced with a military emexte, to punish her for having spoken to the British envoy. We are sorry to see England and France pitted against each other in a quarrel, which should not divide the honourably-minded. Whilst IsAaettA has been consulting Mr. BULWER, CHRISTINA has been beseeching Louis PHttirrY. to support the 3lolerados, as the sole protectors of the MONTTENSIES succession. And, as a weekly contemporary states, the King of the FRENCH is besought to send the .7tIoNT PENSIERS back to head their party, and the Duchess to give birth at Madrid to the future heir to the throne. Any ministerial change at Madrid west completely mar this( scheme, and, mbar. for ever prevent the return to Spain of CHRISTINA. But with a packed Cortes, the Queen has not the power to change her ministry without dissolvini; Cortes, nor can she dissolve that Cortes without sure of the support of the army. And we need say that this body has been officered and organised by the French party for their own purposes. Thus, also, although CHRISTINA and BRESSON may be away, the young Queen is still held in bonds. which it would take more time and cunning, than she has, to break. And it is very possible, that, feeling her powerlessness to break through her fetters. she may (mecum:), and resign the future mastery over her actions to those who have already sold her hippo s and throne. England is far from being disinterested or annen. earned in Spanish affairs. But, independent of this interest, and of the policy which might spring Issm it, the state of affairs in Portugal is such as le implicate strongly both Spain and EON , '" It now appears that the Queen's chief fah' neral despairs of reducing Oporto ; and is insurrection was so irresistible north of the Duero, that another of the Queen's generals had been forced to fly into Spain, or maul through a portion of the Spanish territory. The French party in Madrid, and the Moderados depok• dent upon it, feel, that if the Liberals succeed in Yr tugal, the kindred party in Spain must also prevail. They clamour ,therefore, for intervention in Portugal t and the first thought of a NARVAEZ or a Pa t n't ministry, would be to issue orders for such inter. vention. This we are bound not to permit. We have sir fled willingness to prevent the re-conquest of the or: tugueee throne by Don MIGUEL. But in the qualm of domestic parties, we not only refuse to interferer but interdict Spain from doing so. The Dube!! SoromArott has accepted these conditions, and we w' not think he would break them. But for that very reason, the more zealous Moderadoc would get Tid of the Duke, and would fill his place with &more