The Express. — London, England, 1853-11-11 00:00:00

THE STRIKES. VROK OCR LOCAL precise t ne price Mr. Lem paid on that day. Mr. Roberts am that he could not get evidence from the ladle of w t the prices were, but he (Mr. Ellison) was attorney to the masters' meeting, and drew up their neolutions and Me of priees, and had no objection to be wont as to what they were. They were le. 9d. in the first Instance ' and lies Is . 10d. in September, and the plalatiff would have bed Is. 10d. in the next week if he had remained at work. Mr. Ellison coecluded by eal:ing Mr. James Lees, who proved what the promise of ed emas was. He made that promise himself, and it was, Wt ea the first crossing.off day after the 30th July the lam should have an advance according to the list of amo ebae' meters. He held the list of the masters in his band wham he told them this, and they expressed satisfaction and west to work. Remembered an agreement of the masters for • second advance, of five per cent., which came jet° operation on the Bth of September, and the plaintiffs and ether turnouts would have come under that advance had they remained at work another week. They left work on the 27th August, without giving any notics, and did not return to work until the following Tuesday, when leave was given to them to return to week, and they did not. Mr. Roberts replied on the whole case, contending that as Mr. James Lees held • list in his band, but the men looked at it, they went to work under what was equivalent to a secret or fraudulent deed. His Honour said he had no hesitation in saying that the plaintiff had broken hie contract tentinier the notice in the mill, but he quite went with Mr. Roberts in regretting that more care had not been Won fn making known the masters' new list; and for this reason, that anything tend ing to create • suspicion that the masters wished to take advents!' of the men, must necessarily induce a bad feeling. Bat it must be recollected that the workmen combined and fixed trade list as well as the masters, and the master bringing a case into court would probably have' quits as much difficulty in producing their lists as they had in getting the master.'. However, this was so objection in the preseat case, because it was well known that they had the mean. of proving the list of prices agreed to by the masters, if it were desirable. II these men went to work without knowing the price at whist they were going it was their own fault, because nothing would have been easier than to have asked to see the list which Mr. Lees exhibited to them. though it appeared they never exercised it. Judgment must be for the defendant. Two eras-actions by )Ir. Lies, to recover the value of one week's sander from the turnouts under the notice quoted above were en the cause list. Mr. Roberts applied for an adjournment. His Honour suggested that the plaintiff should consent to take nominal damages for IL in each case; and Mr. Roberts as well as Mr. Lees consenting to this, the pro ceedings terminated. Such is the history of one of these paltry strikes, in which the men having pursued • false policy in the first instance, have kept alive a bad feeling for want of the moral courage to acksowlentge the fault. They place an advocate like Mr. Roberts, who lithe them honest credit for many more virtues than flesh is heir to. at great disad vantage by misleading him as to the grounds of defence. When Mr. James Lees told them the advance would be given, and went to them with • list of prices, instead of 'taring to scrutioise the list, they rushed off to work in a spirit of 'lmitation at their own success; and then in a court of justice attempt to visit the consequences of their own neglect on Mr. Lees as a piece of trickery, that be did not thrust the paper into all their hands. His Honour himself, in his kind-hearted sympathy, seemed to think there was something :n this charge, though it really cane ems to ereernansinatisn of the witnesses that not one of Iles mak or if they could, had ever taken the trouble to sumetuda what 10 pee oat. was upon Is. Bd. One of them blew that the advisee ade at 2d. r thousad banks difference, but he m could no t say per whether th e at was iS or 10 per cent. Besides there could be no reel con cealment of prices given, inasmuch as the list was practi cally published every pay day, when the spioner told what his work was, and the bookkeeper brought out in figures for him the amount of wages it gave. Then again they Misled their legal adviser is saying no witnesses could be subpoenaed from other mills to give evidence as to the prices paid in those mills, from a fear of sacrificing their situa tions. In the short time this case was before the court they obtained three wtnesses from the largest neighbour ing mills, and at one of these mills the writer subsequently learnt, though accidentally, that they had not even troubled themselves to ascertain on which side the witness lad been subpoenaed. The men had farther led M r. Roberts to believe that though Mr. Lees was paying th masters' list prices, he was not paying their actual prices; and the fact that one millowner was giving td. more than Mr. Lees ap peared to sustain this pretense ; but in reality it turns out the halfpenny is given at that mill to compensate for dieadvantages the workmen labour under which are not known in other establishments. Nobody had i better means of knowing this than the working men—the turnouts, and therefore in giving such pleas to their advo cate they were placing straws before him, and leaving him to flounder amongst statemeats as unstable as water. No doubt there are employers who much Muse their work people, but unreasonable conduct such as this is not likely to improve their temper; and though it has been well ob served, that the superior education and enlightenment of the master should teach him to show much forbearance, there It a dogged perseverance in - wrong in this instance, and resort to mean subterfuge that are discouraging to the best friends of the working . classes, however lightly they may be disposed to view their failings, or highly to value their many excellent qualities. GLOSSOP, Tat. SADLY. A coID the County Court in this town, as come s opportunely as • means of showing the set 0 1 which some of the strikes which have recently Wien place in the menufacturing districts have been con ..wet.d. The mill•owners of Glossop Dale began very early to experience th, pressure for higher wages amongst 0 0 0 operatives, and in July they held meetings to consider tie proptiety of secodicg to the demand. On comparing pr `tit y found a considerable inequality, and that the amend of the operatives for 10 per tent. in every case would leave this inecuiity spectacled. The plea adopted . 0 . therefore, to bring about en equalisation, with an mi nus an /swag about 10 per rent. on spinning, but in re mo.ating to 15 per cent. on the rates paid by some of the w p. og sges, whilst with others it was, perhaps, as low as per cent. The aseociatioe of masters formed to consider this Inc:Ades allna three in Glossop- dale. The meeting quo •• ` shied they finally agreed to a uniform scale on this basis a • was held on the 29th of July ; aed the advance was to take e ff ect from the test " crossing-off" day, which in 's ags would be a week, and in others a fortnight wee Ibe muter here have a system of paying which toneless to the district. They pay a fortnight's wages at a tame, hat do not pay it until the Saturday after that to whi.h the earnests rao calculated. The Saturday to which th , tinier are calculated is what is technically termed the " noesinvoff day." It is in fact the intermediate Saturday between each ti,y day. The operatives were sot satigied with this rad advance of a to Li per cent., and about Ms middle of August Om masters had another meet. 04, at which they agreed to give a further advance of five per nat., to take effect, as before, from the succeeding crosier off day at each mill. It might have been espected that the easy complien.e of the employee with these sumer shre demands would hero induced a pleasant, good under standing between them and the operatives—a feeling of con aigrettes amiegst the latter to guard them against any very hasty SIOINIZOS with the millowuers, even if they had some grounds foe sespecting that one or two of them were not st eel fulfilliag the cew cenuaet. At all events, if they wre determined to exact the uttermost farthing of the new i rrasuri meat, it was incumbent upon them to be careful then was no mistake on their own part before disturbing it. The ewe, which it is now proposed to give is detail, shows en abuses of such considerations which is surprising. One of the master spinners and manufattmen affected by the sew arrange moats was Mr. S. Lem. He was paying a medium rate of wages when the first advance was agreed to, and kis prices had to be raised 5 per tent. On the day of the masters had agreed to the advisee, the spisnen at Mr. Lees waited upon his nephew, Mr. James Lees, ar.d were told that the list price agreed upon by the masters would be paid. One of these men says he asked if thatwas 10 per cent. and was told it was. He says ho then asked if the other masters should agree to a still further adman of 10 per cent , would that also be given, and that Ms. James Low replied. " yes —they would not be a fraction behind their neighbours." Up to Saturday, the 27th August, these men went on working at the new scale, by which their priors for the description of twist they were spinning (on 56 &ten mules) were raised from lx. M. to 11.9 d. per thousand hanks. The second and further advance would have come into operation there on the following week. But on Setae. day, the 27th August, these men lett work, after receiving a fortnight's pay, without a word of complaint to their master, and on the Monday after it was found they were on strike. Some of them were communicated with, and asked the reason they did not come to work, and the answer was that they had been " ordered" by the working men's com mittee not to go to work until after a meeting of delegates bad been held that night at Hollingworth. The de legates, it subsequzatly transpired, scolded them for this precipitate strike, and on the Tuesday morning they pre seated themselves at the pew of the mill, and ask. d if they might return to work. James Lees was present, and replied, "You an de as you like." They went up into the spinning rooms, but without actually resuming work, they again left the mill. No ex planation was given to the employer or manager why this second desertion took place. An inquiry into this mseted shows in tune bow the operatives themselves discharged their duties as employers—for the working spinners wie employers of labour, paying their own assistants out of the sum charged to the millowner. These assistants are boys, and ate called " pieties." The piens, when the spinners bad struck weak so unnecessarily oa the Monday, asked if they were to be paid for the lost day, and receiving a nega tive reply, they "struck," on the Tuesday, against the spencer! The 'Milometer may be somewhat excused if his patience gets exhausted in dealing with people like these, who leave his machinery idle for days together; and as the wages which spinners at Glossop can earn are sufficient to induce men to take situations in de hisce of the displeasure of the trades' union, the places of the men who had struck were soon supplied by other work men. And hence the litigation we have spoken of in the oust, court. When the spinners left work they did so with a week's wages owing, which by the well-undentood rules of the mill became a forfeit to the employer. Con spicuously printed netices were hung up in this as en the other mills of Glossop, which said, " A fortnight's notice will be given to, and required from, every person in this mill previous to their leaving their employment, or a fort night's wages will be forfeited ; such notice to be given be fore two o'clock on the Saturday afternoon, except in case of damage to machinery or work, and then persona liable to instant dismissal, end damage in every cue to be made good from the wages in hand." Oas of these turn-out epinnen, named John Clark, at thb instance of the trades logos, sought yesterday to recover his last week's wages, 2.1.61. 2d. from Mr. Luc The ease was hued by Joseph St. John Tates, Beq., judge of the County Court, and the operatives had engaged to eat duct it their well-kaolin adulate, Mr. W. P. Roberts, atsoreey, Manchester, who, in opening the case, said the claim was for work done between the 20th and 27th of August, and the only difficulty be felt in sustaining the claim was in reference to what the real promise made by Mr. Lees to his operatives was. So far WI he could leafs from the operative., it was that he would pay Wood's prices, or the prices given by Mr. Wood and other muter, his neighbonis : whilst the defence, he believed, would be, that Mr. Lees had promised to give the list prices agreed upon by the meatus. Now, he confessed his utter inability to get at either the list prices or the actual prices paid by the masters generally, which were said to be more than the lasi prices. To get the actual prices he should have to sum mer workmen from the whole of 27 mills in the district, and he was told that if he did the min dared not come, he canoe they would forfeit their situations. John Clark, the plaintiff, was the lint witness, and said hi and Thomas Clark, Thomas Taylor, and Samuel Wild sou ',limn at the mill of defendant on the 16th July, whin they gave notice to leave ludas their wages were ad newt. on the 30th. On the 29th the masters bed a mut• tag, mad on the neat morning Mr. James Lees seat for them and stud be was prepared now to my that they would receive an advance from the nest arousing-off day, which would be the Bth Asyut Themes Taylor asked what the advance would be, and the answer was that he did not exactly know, but he should be nothing behind his neigh boirs—nct a fraction. On the 27th August, when the first fortnight's advance was due, the price paid was le. 9d., insteed of ls. Bd., as before, and they complained of that, and said it was not so much as others paid. Did not com plain to Mr. Lose, but to his book-keeper. Saw Mr. James Lobe after two o'clock that day, but did not speak to bins. Saw Mr. Junes Lou on the following Monday, and told him why they had struck work. They retained to work on-ths Tuesday, but there were no pieta's, and so they did noi resume work. Thome! Clark and Thomas Taylor stated they were pre seat at the interviews mentioned, and they corroborated the evidence cf the plaiotiff. In answer to Mr. Ellison, attorney for the defeadant, on cross•eaemination Taylor said the promise was to give 10 per cent. advance, bat afterwards the:witness slid this was a mistake, and Mr. Lees had promised not to be a fraction behind his neigh bour!. He (witness) had bad some drink on the 30th July, when this couversation took place. Whether the delegates told them they were wrong for striking on the 27th of July or not was a matter for their own breasts. Joseph Broadhurst, from Wood's mill, said they paid is btd . on i 6 dozen mules before the advance, and 10 per neat. had been added. Did not know what 10 per cent. on was, but they made the advance there about 2d. Samuel Harm, spinner at Sumner's mill, said the prices paid there for twist like this were Is. Bd. before the rise, then 6 per neut. was given, making Is. 91 , and afterwards another five per cent., making the price la 10d. Robert Yates said he was corresponding secretary for the unionist men, and after this strike he went to Mr. Lees to ereoncile matters, but he said lie would admit of no intro slob between him aid big 1 ends. Mr. Ellison addressel tic court for the daindant, and said that he would admit that Mr. Sumner end other mill °semen paid ls. 10d. on the 9th of September, and that wee THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 11, 1853. The Chairman—Yen twat the degree of pagelthel7 which now surrounds the ease ts by no means an induce ment to fint-rate merchants to accept it. Mr. Hubbard—That makes it anything but attractive ; quite the levees,. Mr. Lewis—Can you form any opinion as to the existing defects of the cementation of the corporation, or as to the beet mode of removing them ? Mr. Hubbard—l know nothing about the constitution of the corporation. lam not acqatinted with a single mem ber of the oorporation, tempt Mr. Mclennan Thompson, who is • governor of the Basket Ragland. Mr. John Dillon examined—l am • merchant of the City of London, and • partner of the firm of Morrison, Dillon, and Co., wholesale warehousemen. I was connected with the corporation. In 1833 a commission was appointed to inquire into the abuses of the City of London, aud committee was appointed in the City of London to co operate with that commission. We complained of many abases at that time which have since been partially re medied—in respect to police and sanitary measures. I be lieve that any reform of the City of London must be con nected with an extension of the present municipal bounds of the City. To Mr. Lewis—l think it possible that the police and minims might be combined under one management with out including tee whole metropolis in the City of London. I don't think the corporation, which is an institution of an old standing, should he abolished altogether. I would give municipal institutions to the other puts of the metropolis, and in the course of time • corporation might be formed for the whole metropolis, but this could not be done at once. One of the first things that should be looked to was the system of making freemen. The richer merchants are exempted from the payment of finis for not taking out their freedom, and some of the poor were exempted on account of their poverty. I ham myself got a poor .widow exempted whose yearly numy were only 621., and from whom the corporation demanded 141. as the price of her freedom. This gave rise to great bitterness of feeling in the City. I see no advantage In the connexion between the freedom of the City and the freedom of the companies. I am a member of the Foveae,' Company myself. I believe that the companies wish to have the connexion with the City kept up. 1 1 1 . 1 12 • mere surmise. There are many abuses in the City of London, and there is, I am aware, a feeling on the part if the highest clam of merchants "(mind the acceptance of corporate offices ; but I think the argument founded on this feeling has been greatly exaggerated. The great merchant class in the City of Louden le peculiar, and not like the merchant class in other large towns. They are die inclined, for various reasons besides the abuser of the cor poration, to the acceptance of 'separate duties. This disinelle nation may arise partly from the magnitude of their concerns. I therefore think that under any reform the either merchants would be unwilling to take part in the affairs of the corporation. I cannot well explain the reason of this. Chambers of commerce have been established in other large towns, but though attempts have WA as& In eels bash them in London they have always failed. Pedigo, too, they might be more careless with respect to corporate matters in consequence of their not living within the City. I have certainly myself felt less interest in the effigies of the corporation since I ceased to reside within the limits of its jurisdiction. Even if you removed all the nonsense and tomfoolery of the Lord Mayor's show, I don't believe you would get the highest class of merchants to take part in the [ busing*s of the corporation. I The Chairman—Have you any further observations to mho ? Mr. Dillon—There are at present three different coned , tilescies in the City of London—toe constituency under the Reform Bill, the constituency of Common Hall, end the ward constituency. I would suggest that them different constituencies should be abolished, mad one uniform constituency formed for all elections within the City of London. I am of opinion that some of the officers of the City ought lobo appointed by the general body of electors; but there Imee some officers which, I think, should be appointed by en active and restricted body—as the magistrates for W- I stance. My opinion is in favour of stipendiary magistrates. I think that the best plan would be to appoint barristers [of • certain stantang as magistrates. This would take away magisterial functions from the Lord Mayor and the aldermen. I don't see any advantage in the retention of Ifs division of wards, but I have not directed my attention le that subject. With regard to the funds of the City of London, they certainly require to be made clearer than obey are. With some knowledge of accounts I can say, for 14 7 •8 u that I cannot make ei th er head or tail of them ; Nei I have beard others say the same. I think the as enema ought Cobs fully set forth, and properly audited. I iss of gabs that the accounts, judging from what they am, are in incompetent hands; and I think that they are susceptible of great improvement. I approach the ques tion of the remedies to be applied to the exist ing evils of the corporation with great diffideaos. There are great objections to the including the whole metropolis in one municipal institution. In the hands of tbo government such an institution might be dangerous to the liberty of the people, and in the hands lof AO people it might be troublesome to the government. what might be quite good for an inhabitant of ~ might not answer equally well for the inhabitant of -square. I would give to the metroplitan boroughs imusisipal institutions, whether they asked for them or not. I would make them try the experiment for four or five years. I would improve and remodel the existing oor poration of London, but I would not abolish it because I think, on the whole, it has promoted the benefit of the in ' habitants of the city and of the people generally. There are some matters of general concern which I think ought to be placed in the hands of some central authority. I would Sate the police and drainage under a general board. I would also place the paving and lighting under a central hoard, although I feel I am leaving but little to the corps- [ 1 nation to do. I see no reason to take the water supply out of the bands of the private companies. I would have the megistrates appointed by the crown. Mr. Lewis—What, would you leave then to the corpo ration to do ? Mr. Dillon—l would produce the results I have mentioned gradually, and not all at once. I don't think it would be Mr to apply the City funds to purpose' outside the City bounds. Objects could be found within the City for the employment of the City funds. One of these objects, and a most desirable one, would be to widen the streets of the City. I have not to complain of any impediments in my own business from the City of London. Mr. Lewis—Are you compelled to employ the City porters ? Mr. Dillon—No, we employ our own porters, and :I should be sorry to think we were bound to employ any others. The evidence of Mr. Dillon having closed, the commission , I adjourned. of-- ______ CORPORATION OF THE SONS OF THE CLERGY. The annual court of the corporation was held yes terday, at the office of the society, 2, Blocenrbury-place; Mr R. R. 1110 LID, Ram, M.P., the senior treasurer, in the chair. The Bishop of London expressed the regret which his grape the Archbishop of Canterbury felt at being unavoid ably absent on the oecaaion. The following noblemen and gentlemen were unanimously elected governors, via.:—The Duke of Norfolk, K.G.; Earl of Egmont, Earl of Hardwick., Viscount Sydney, the Lord Bishop of Norwich, Lord Radstock, Lord Leigh, Right Hon. Lord Jude. Turner, Very Rev. Archibald C. Tail, D.C.L , Dean of Carlisle; Ven. W. H. B. Rendus*, MA., Archdeacon or West minster; Rev. W. H. Cookson, D.D., Master of Bt. Peter's College, Cambridge ; Rev. Lewis Bneyd, MA., Warden of All "fouls College, Oiferd ; Rev. W. H. Miller, M.A. ; Richard Baggaltsy, Esq., jun. ; Coo. Baker, Esq. • Mr. Ald. Challis, M.P. ; H. Dover, En. ; Charles Raolumi l t su ohn Thornton, Esq.; the Ven. J. M. Stevens, of B eet . ,; tev. James Bien cows, Rev. H. liseaker. LOC B. Edward., Rev. J. C. ',oy ster, Rev. J. W. smog% Rev. W. Hiberden, Rev. Ed. win Bogeys, Be,. Jame noise, Rev. Jame. Ware, Geo. Baron, E.g. ; Wm. ; John Heady, Esq. • H. M. Hoere, E.q. • Joseph Ilterintod, E.g. ; Henry Sikes, i Esq. ; W. Woodhouse, Sq. the Hon. J. 8. Wortley, MP. The leen then to tha choice of a president, vies-putiient. tralensers for the year earning, when the Ardiliehap of Casemirary was re-elected president, Lord Demme vistogrealions, and Flir R. H. Inglls,,+, Mr. Alderman Ospubmil, - esEllEr. Fnshfield, M.P., were elected Joint 1... an Pognp-ene ether noblemen& and geadeinea, clergymen and laity, healed by his loyal Highness the Duke of Cam bridge, were dented for the pas 111011101 members of the Court of Afighlunts, to sib= the shatter of Charles 11. entrusted.' magi and moneineont of the corporate affairs. The emerootion is to eehbaele its bi-centenary festival ant year, glass it le bevel that all friends of this @SIMS MIA UMW Wiii hod their willing aid to peeseate the semen of se intereadag an event. The governors have had the gratification of distributing during the year now closing no leas than 15,0001. amongst the various objects of the charity, namely, necessitous clergymen, their widows, aged single daughters, and children. The !proceedings terminated by the Bishop of London moving a cordial vote of thanks to Sir R. H. Inglis for the kind, able, and never failing services which he had ren dered to the society during the twenty years of his filling the office of treasurer. (These particulars were supplied by the secretary, raporters not being admitted.] COMFORT FOR -The L.ncet Com LAND IMPROVEMENT. missioners have submitted 48 samples of cigars to micro soopical examination, and found all but threo to be genuine. One was made up apparently of sweepings of a warehouse, fragments of mortar, apple parings, and refuse tobacco hat; and two, which were purchased of hawkers, were m►de up internally of hay. WHEAT SOWING.—The breadth of wheat sown in North Nottinghamshire and South Yorkshire this 11(114012 already exceeds considerably that of any former year. Owing to the almost incessant rain which prevailed at the beginning of the autumn, the ground was in a very unfa vourable state for seed planting, but during the last three weeks the weather has been, with some exceptions, all that could be desired ; and in the extensive districts under notice the farmers, stimulated by the I resent high prices and the short crops of last harvest, have been busier than they have ever been known to be before at so late a period of the year. Even on the clay soils unprecedented breadths have been sown, and the seed has been got in in excellent condition. The early sown crops already exhibit a strong blade and a good colour. CITY CORPORATION COMMISSION. The Commission eat yesterday in the Privy Council Chamber, Mr. labouchere in the chair. Mr. It. N. Fisher, solicitor to the firm of Combs and De'afield, was examined and gave the following evidence. Messrs. Combs. Delatteld, and Co., are brewers of consi derable note is London. Their house Lin Castle-street, Long Acre. They took a lease of • wharf from the oMee of the Duchy of Lcucaster, near Waterloo-bridge, for the purpose of storing their corn. They had a malting establishment in Yarmouth, from which they brought the malt in their own ships. They stored it i• their own stores. The City corporation insisted on re moving every particle of this malt for thein,and at their own price. In 1835 the corporation and the C4uspany of Porters filed • bill against Messrs. Combs and Delafield. Maus. Combs finding they could remove the malt at a greatdeal less cost than that at which the Fellowship of Porters would do it, resisted. They therefore put in an answer to the bill . the corporation. Whilst this suit was going on, the coepor ration claimed to measure the malt. Mean. Combs re fused to allow them to de so; and the campuses was that another bill war filed in 1839, to which ea answer was put in in 1840. In Mari, 1840, a bill of discovery was filed by Mums. Combs &pima the city, with a view of obtaining an iuspeetion of the &mo ments on which the City fonaded this claim. ♦ MI Of discovery was filed both in the wastage suit and nertesella suit. Several answers were pat in on behalf of the Com pany of Porten and the City, but Messrs. Combo did not pt what they wanted from the City. In Jaw, 1842, ea order was obtained from Vice-Chancellor Knight Braes ordering that we should have as inspeetion of the docu ments. The ease came on again, on appeal, Defers the Court of Chancery, Lord Lyndhurst presiding, and he afireaed the decision of Vice-Chancellor Knight Brno. This was in 1845, at which time the an was ripe for trW at the Winchester Assizes. Bat we heard that the ow potation intended to appeal to the Bons* of Lords; and in fact they did so appeal. The ease is sow before the House of Lords. tlir J. rattans—This was on • waned hews. Witame—Yes, the suit was this protreeted hem 1886 to 1863. Gm suit hangs upon the other. I ought to maths that this wharf of Messrs. Combs is outside theshy bonds. I believe that it has oast Meson. Comb. aomsihlar like 2,0001. to mist this claim. The expense wadi swamped another. Oise of the winsome in the suit seated that the hlieweldp of porters charged 3s. U. per to a t a=, whereas others maid do the seas week in a time for std. lir. Lewis—What would you have lost if you complied with the City demands ? Mr. DelaWd, who was present, stated that he estimated the icon at ima a year. Mr. Fisher—l believe others are in the same position as Means. Combo, but they have given in. They had not the earth meant of resisting as Masan. Combo, and I myself advised some not to resist in consequence of the expense. This claim of the City extends to all sorts of corn and grain, corteht kindest' fmice, and all merchandise measure able or to be measured, brought into London. This claim of the City eztends from Staines to Yantlet. Mr. Hubbard. governor of the Bank of Engle ad, was next examined-1 esny on the business of a Dunham in the City of Lendcia. I have bad very little connexion with the City corporation. My connexion with them has been mined to the m.tage of corn. I have no reason to com plain of them in that respect. I can't say if their charges ate low or not, because 1 have had no means of comparing them with others. I have no knowledge of the constitu tion of the corporation. The large City merchants are dis inclined to accept corporate offices. I was invited to accept the offlos of alderman, bet I declined for various MUM. I declined because I knew that a lord mayor or alderman bad to attead many civic feasts, which would not agree with my constitution. My unwillingness was further in creased !femme I was unwilling to undertake the magiste rial duties which an aldermen and a lord mayor has to per form. Aldermen or lord mayors have to preside at the Mansien-house, the Guildhall, and police courts, and I believe they could not properly discharge those duties without an amount of preliminary information which I was not prepared to undertake. I should have shrunk either from administering justice either imperfectly in my own person, or trusting to the guidance of a clerk, who may be better informed than myself, but for whose de claims I should not like to make myself responsible. Chairman—lf a person were to be appointed a Lord Mayor, without the neersaity of being first an alderman, do you think there would be any objection on the part of • merchant of the highest duo to accepting the office of first magistrate ? Mr. ilubbard—lf the office was made to partake of anew character, and the acceptance of it made a matter of duty, !the existing feeling against its acceptance might not be found. TO TIM IDITOZ 01 TIM IMPIOUS. 8114—A fortnight'sflnewsa titer has greatly im proved the prospeets of the agriculturist, and has much allayed the feelings of alarm with which many penons had begun to regard the advancing prices of corn. True it is, the autumn hu bees unpropitious. Constant nine, with scarcely two consecutive days interval, seemed to threaten • repetition of the anion and winter of 1852-8, when the wheat sowing season was so generally lost, form ing the nuns of so many subsequent rural disasters. A wet and late h t followed, so much so, that considerable quantities of corn remained in the fields, ucesrried, almost, or quite down to November. Seldom before were the arable lands of t►is country ea full of weeds, the work of cleaning land having teen one of nest-to-impossible per formanoe during the past summer. No wonder that gloomy forebodings took poeseuion of the agricultural mind. And though wealthy farmers who had agood stock of old wheat, have made ►arge profits during this autumn, the average (semen, by far tne majority, will flail no suf ficient compensation for their bad crops is the high prices which now prevail. There are m iny farms on the heavy soils where enough wheat has not ►een grown to seed the land for nest year's harvest, and where the seed wheat has been bought at tea shillings • bushel. The oc currence of another lost wheat season would have proved fatal to many weak farmers. Naw, however, there appears to be a fur prospnt that the whole of the wheat land of the country will be well planted, and so far the first step towards an abundant harvest in 18.51 secured. It is agreed on all hands that a larger stock than usual of old wheat is held by the farmers, and with an improving season much of the alarm for the future, which se greatly added to the enhancement of prices, will speedily pass away. ,Though from the actual deficieecy of this year's crop of wheat, we are not likely to have low or even moderate prices before the nest harvest, the many experienced obse are cal culating that prices have reached their highest point, sad that food will probably be somewhat cheaper than it has recently been. . . We are now, therefore, in a position to review with calm ness and discrimination the effects of the extraordinary succession of wet weather by which this country, since the middle of the month of August 1952, has been visited. Grievous and perplexing as it has proved to all occupiers of land, it is impossible not to see that their adversity has not been useless. Never before did so much activity prevail, even in the wheat.sowing season, or so much seed deposited in the ground under so many difficulties. Whcn before was the contrast between drained and unirained land so strongly exemplified? What but such a wet year as the past could have convinced large classes of farmers of the wisdom of keeping more live stock, and the danger of relying too exclusively on grain growing ? What else could have de monstrated the fatal consequences of retaining under actual culture more arable laud than the force of the occupier's farm can subdue in an unfavourable onion ? Such are e of the lessons read to the tenants by the late bad sea- son ; and though inch lessons will in many instances prove severe, they will be ultimately beneficial; they will teach order, promptitude, energy, and self-reliance, by which the farmer' and the public will be alike gaineu. Landowners, too, have had their lesson from the tame quarter. They Lave learnt, or should have learnt, that their tenants cannot make bricks without straw, that unless the necessary permanent outlays be made by or ter the landlord the tenant cannot pay his rent, that the landlord must put his own shoulder to the wheel and do his part in the general work of improvement. The great difficulty, however, the landowners have to encounter arises from the terms on which they hold their estate!. They are for the most part tenants for life only ; the bulk of their property passes under settlements to the eldest sons,and neither prudence nor regard for the interests of their younger children justifies the outlay of their sav ings or their other means in the permanent Improvement of their settled estates. Hence it is that we see so much unimproved land in all directions. Vs:ious attempts have been made by the legislature to correct or palliate this evil ; powers have been given to the owners of settled land to charge their property with money raised for its improvement,but the practical difficulties have been such that these powers have proved mere nullities. The money authorised to be expended must be repaid by pe riodical instalments for s given number of years,and that farm of investment cffen little attraction to ordinary capitalists. Then loans have been granted by the Treasury for drainage improvements; bat though the sam granted in the aggre gate is large, it is a mere bagatelle when compared with the extent of settled land required. to be drained. Besides numerous other permanent improvements are required. The true remedy seems to be, such a combination of private enterprise, with power to bind settled properties, es we have nee applied to promote facilities of transit—as in the instant* of railways ; some means by which capital can be attracted to the improvement of settled land, in forms acceptable to capitalists and not burdensome to the land owners. A MIDLAND COUNTIES FARMER. ARTERIAL DRALVAGE. The unwitting rains which have but lately steeped oar fields, brimmed our brooks, and deluged our valleys, have ted us to consider more energetically than at any pre vious time, whether the general trunk or arterial drainage .of the kingdom eannot be put into a more perfect condition. Our chief rivers, burlesquing the Nile and Jordan, nave bees loodieg ise wide flats of meadow bordering their sows% sail in every county smaller watercourses have Waged postues, crops, roads, and towns, destroyed build ilneweed sheep, floated away hay, tte. &et., with im mense slemege and loss of property. But it is not alone the leasat-lbeenere, landed proprietors, and other clones whose eapital is ikeirerra or deteriorated in value, that suffer by the liability of is much ground to then overfovrings ; sickness invariably follows upon the lunging of the inundant waters, so that the health of the entire population is here concerned. Formerly, the great level and the matiguees lands were rife in fevers and pestilential raissmata, bat these, with the dreaded " fen eras," have in great mends disappeared, and in its general salubrity this district now compares favourably with the rest of the kingdom. And experience is other districts tells us that, with a further re dunks in the amount of surface evaporation, by mug of drying and warming the soil to a greater depth, rkill greater samliontion of climate and additional healthful ages would result. How greatly, then, must our sanitary condition as a nation be injured, how many lives shortened or emasculated by reason of our frequent floods? If we could form an murals estimate of the areas of land in England now mitering from the inability of their main channels to carry off sudden or protracted downfall, we should probably be surprised at thier aggregate extent. Without precise information, we know that our wet valleys mast occupy a large proportion of the country, because of the very general character of the late floods, and the ex istence of overflowing brooks in every county, and upon every geological formation. The Nene, in its frequent swellings, often overspreads 10,000 to 16,000 acres between Northampton and Peterborough, before it enters the Fens ; the Ouse probably damages a greater extent, and the Welland, and ether fen rivers, inundate in a similar manner. The Severn, the Thames, and innumerable smaller streams, have each a district of its own in the state we are referring to, sometimes amounting to some thousand, of acres, in a situation that we should have supposed would have freed them nom such incon venience. A remedy becomes highly important, when our beehive population need that every square foot of soil should, if possible, be wrought to its highest capability of productiveness. We have seen how the drain water is drawn off, or if need be, actually bailed out from our low, lying fen lands; but frona.our inland valleys, far more fevourably situated, the waters are not conducted ; they are too often left to feel their own way out, groping cir cuitously among all kinds of natural obstructions. And far worse than this, they are purposely retarded in their descent by human agency—by dams and weir', by water wheels and locks—so that for want of a syrematio arterial arrangement and management of our water courses, en in dividual may hold back our drainage to grind his corn, float his barge, or sometimes even to swell his lake or feed his fish poad. There is no physical difficulty to present our clearing, enlarging, and deepening our rivers, so that they can discharge speedily and safely into the sea the heaviest rains that clouds can let fall, and the most rapidly oozing subterranean springs. Engineers can calculate, from the excess of downfall and spring water over that evaporated, how great a volume must be provided for in any mama* and, knowing the fall of the • bed, they can determine the sectional area of :channel able to emit the flood. But when we come to the actual performance of the work, we meet a host of rights and interests conflicting upon the banks of our stream: mills mentioned in Domesday refuse to lose their water power ; navigation or canal companies will not have their " head " in any way lowered; irrigators of meadows demand our non-interference with their drains and , t carriers ;" towns obstinately oppose our alteration of their strangulating bridges and wharfings; and even a large portion of than lands we seek to benefit persist in de claring their satisfaction with the yreeent state of things, miserable as it is, and their disbelief in the ultimate profit ableness of the expenditure to be incurred. To reconcile op posing interests, therefore, there must be either compensa tion offered them for injuries and removals, or their liver may be left to moisten their meadows, turn their mills, de., by the drainage being formed independently, and carried by culverts underneath it ; or, what is still better, the new works may often be contrived so as to augment the water power deems of the mills, and benefit all other interests concerned—a boon, coupled with a proportion of the labour and charge, thus falling to each. And, of course, all claims must be filially regulated and appeased by the authority of a special act of parliament. In tho Vale of Pickering, in Yorkshire ; in the Test and Anton Valleys, in liampshire ; and in the valley of the river Nene, we have examples of such an improvement, either completed or in progress. Why should not all the many districts of similar cha racter abundant over central Englaud, and scattered in every county, be likewise ameliorated ? Why do not more of our maritime lowlancts—such as the marshes of 5..1=cr....t —fulfil their duty to the inland tracts, by perfecting their river mouths ?—British Quarteriy Revieto. IRELAND. Dustin, Nov. 10. It became known here yesterday that the Rev. Dr. Henry Griffin, ex-Fellow of Trinity College, Dub lin, had been elevated to the episcopal bench, although whether for the vacant bishopric of Derry and Raphoe directly, or to supply the place of Dr. Higgin, of Limerick, on the translation of the latter to the northern diocese, was not so certain. A state ment, however, which is put forward in a most pro minent manner in the Limerick Chronicle received this morning, would seem to set any doubt on the matter aside, and to confirm the report that the new bishop will be placed in Limerick, and 1)r. Ifiggin removed from the latter place to the more wealthy diocese of Derry and Raphoe. The Irish Tenant League, which has hitherto been so signally unfortunate in its electioneering specu lations, assembled last night for the purpose of aiding the electors of Clonmel in their choice of a candidate for the seat which the melancholy death of Mr. Cecil Lawless has left vacant. The League did not venture to suggest a candidate themselves, but it was obvious that they thought they had an abundant stock of that description of political raw material on hand. Mr. J. M. Cantwell, Mr. Lucas, Dr. Gray, Mr. C. G. Duffy, M.P., and some Roman ca tholic priests addressed the meeting, and the result of their deliberations is to be found in the following brace of resolutions : Every day's experience in the public affairs of this country confirms that wisdom and deepens those convictions in ethic the Great Tenant League Conference of MI origiosted— the policy of creating and sustaining in the Rouse of Com mons an independent opposition Irish party. We there , fore urge upon the various constituencies of Ireland to hold fast by that policy, as supplying the only sure means of morally and physically regenerating the country. Acted upon in every county and borough where the potency of popular power can ba exercised in useful and commanding thiuence, it furnishes a firm guarantee against the vas salage of the English minister aid the venality of the Dr.tish Treasury. . . . . _ That we earnestly call upon the independent electors of Oloonsel to give their support to no candidate not pledged to the principles of tenant right and independent opposition; and that Messrs. Moore, Lucas, and Dr. Dray be appointed a deputation from the league to urge personally upon the electors the importance necessarily of taking this course. It is probable that the people of Clonmel will make their own choice without troubling the League; and they have already before them an address put forth on the part of the son of Mr. Charles Bianconi, whose popularity in that quarter is well known. The Freeman gives the following as an authentic statement of the facts relating to the appearance of Asiatic cholera in this city : In Orangegorman lane a child died of cholera on Friday, the 4•11 inst. There was a wake on Saturday night, at which cheap whiskey was circulated. Thais was followed on Sunday by another ease of cholera, an adult member of the suite family having been then attacked, and this terminated in death after ten hours. Other members of the family were attacked successively, and, of six cases in all, fi ve have ter• minated fatally. The adult persons drinking were out of employment on strike. No fresh cases of cholera are reported. The cholera in the emigrant chip Kossuth, at Queenstown, is still confined almost entirely to the German emigrants, among whom it originally broke out, and who show no inclination to leave the ship. Most of the Irish emigrants have gone on shore, and several of them have returned to their former homes. Mr. Dargan has contributed 1001. towards the relief of the sufferers by the late flood in Mallow. The Lord Lisutenant and Countess of St. Germans go on a visit to the Right Hon. W. F. Tighe and Lady Tighe, of Woods:ock, in the county Kilkenny, to-morrow. the viceregal party will spend some days there. UNIVERSITY AND CLERICAL. OXFOItD, NOV. 10.—h a convocation held this morning, the Rev. John William On r, M.A., of Trinity College, Dublin, wt.s admitted ad eundem. In a congrega tion held at the same time, the following degrees were con ferred:—B.C.L.—Edward Eliot, Fellow of New College. M.A.—Rev. Hayter G. Hamee, Christ Church, Grand Compounder; W. Frederick Byrant, Wadham College, Grand Compounder; Thomas Ward, New Inn Hall; Rev. J. Skipper Trencher and James Clarke Roberts, Magdalen Hall; John Walker and William Blows, St. Mary Hall; Rev. R. Franklyn Wright, St. John's College ; Rev. Thce mas IL Paddon, Trinity College ; Henry Macnamara, Lincoln College ; George Russell, 'Bieter College ; Rev. E. Charles Adams, Scholar of Worcester. The Principal of Brasenose College took the oaths of office as Pro Vice-Chancellor, and Dr. Bliss took the oaths of office as Clerk of the Market. _ . Mr. F. M. Millard, Demy of Magdalen College, and brother of the Head Muter of Magdalen College School, Rev. James Edwin Millard, M.A., was this day elected to one of the Hebrew Exhibitions, founded under the will of the late Dr. Edenton, of this college. There were two exhibitions vacant, but Mr. Millard was the only candidate. The candidates are required to be denies or clerks of this college. NAVAL. DEVONPORT, Nov. 10.—TRIAL OF TUE AGAMEM NON.—The Agamemnon, 91, (screw) Captain Mends, went out of harbour yesterday (Wednesday), on a trial cruise, in order to test Griffith's patent screw propeller. The inveater, together with Mr. Penn, engineer, and manufacturer of the Agamemnon's engines, and W. Downing, Esq., accom panied the vessel on her trial. It was at first intended to have confined her trial to the measured mile, but upon the confidence expressed in the machinery, and the manner in which it was doing its work, it was determined to take the vessel into the offing, when . about two miles outside the breakwater the shaft of the screw broke, and the weight of the part detached with the fair, carried away the fasten ings and the woad work which surrounded it, with a tre mendous crash, astounding all on board. The engines were in consequence stopped, middle vessel returned under sail to the Sound. The diver is to go under her bottom to day (Thursday) to see the extent of the defects, which, it is expected will delay her ten days at least. SHIPS Ilf COMMISSION AT THIS PORT.--Ships in the Sound: Agamemnon, 91, (ierow), Hogue, 60, (screw), Imperieuse, 50, (screw), Magicienne, 18, (paddle), Despe rate, 8, (screw), Vulture, 8, (paddle), and Scorpion, 6, (paddle).—Ships in Harlow : Impregnable, 104, St. George, 120, Edinburgh, 58, (screw), Diligence, Nautilus, Avon, and Sylph, tenders. SPORTING. TATTERSALL'S.—TausEDAy. This was the first of the series of dull afternoons which, if the prospect indicate truly, will be eaperienoed at "The Corner" until after Christmas. Scarcely a dozen members were present, and only the following bets were laid. THE DERBY. 6 to 1 apt Autocrat (taken to 6001.), 14 to 1 aget Dervish (taken to 501.), and 23 to 1 oast The Wild Huntsman (taken to a pony). Offers to bet 60 to 1 each apt Middle sex, Star of Surrey, Phaeton, and 014 Noll. LIVERPOOL AUTUMN MEETING. CONCLUSION OF TUESDAY'S RACES. THE CROXTETH WELTER CUP, in !peels of 60 SOTS, ad ded to a sweepstakes of 10 soy& each, h ft. Penalties for oertain winners. Mile and a half. 22 subs. Mr. Fur's Defiance, by Old England, 3 yrs 10st llb (including blb extra) (Owner) 1 Mr. hicseley's Alonzo, 6 yrs, Ilat 71b (including 61b extra) (G. Siwaison) 2 Mr. Dawson's Leery wheat, 4 - -10 st 8113 (Capt. Haworth) 3 Mr. O. B. Price's Warwick, 6 yrs.lost 10lb (Owner) 4 The following also ran : Russborough, Titterstone, Mon tague, Milcote, Remunerator, Cassio. Betting : 3 to 1 apt Defiance, 4 to 1 agst Mileote, 5 to 1 age Montague, 6to 1 agst Alone°. Won easily by half a length; bad third; neck between third and fourth. LT.-Tli Z A SCURRY HANDICAP of 3 10118. each, with 40 added. for all ages ; second to receive 10 son. out of the stakes. Half a mile. (17 subs.) Mr. E. R. Clark's Winter, by Weatherbit, 3 yn, bit 61b (F. Manton, jun.) 1 Mr. Fenning's Tonic, 5 yrs, B*t slb (Charlton) 2 Mr. Megson's Mysterious Lady, 2 yrs, Est, (car Est 31b) (Kendall) 3 Mr. French's Songster, 4 yn, Bst (l'. Smith) 4 The following also ran : Spring, Bit of Blue, Maria Bell, Game Chicken, Fleda, Mies Ped dle, Casio, f by Cowl out of Palms, Singleton Lass. Betting : 4to 1 eget Tonic, 9to 2 agst Winter, and 5 to 1 each eget Maria Bell and Mysterious Lady. Winter made all the running and wen by three lengths ; three quarters of a length between second and third; a head between third and fourth. Spring, Cassio, and Game Chicken were the next lot. OPTIONAL SELLING STAMM Of 3 son. each, with 30 added. One mile. (8 subs.) Mr. French's Coleraine, by Touchstone, 3 yrs, (201.), 7st 4lb (Charlton! 1 Mr. Toke's Truegirl, 5 yrs, (201.), Set 4lb (Clement 2 Mr. Harrison's Hyacinth, 4 yrs, (20/4, Bst 21 (Aldcroft) 3 The following also ran —Paddy Carey, Tiniotheuu, The Gem, and Hotchpot. Betting : 6 to 5 ken Coleraine, 2to 1 agst Hyacinth, and 6to 1 apt The Gem. Ilyaciuth made play to about the distance, where Coleraine went up to him, obtained the lead within a few paces of the Grand Stand, and won cleverly by a length ; a neck between second and third ; Timothens and Vie Gem were fourth and fifth ; Hotch pot, who got very badly off, was sixth. The winner was sold for 200 guineas to Mr. E. K. Clark. LIT/WOOL AUTCI4I‘ HANDICAP STNIPLICHAeII of 100 son., added to a sweepstakes of 5 save. each. Certain winnen extra. The second to receive 20 son. out of the stakes. About three miles. (36 subs.) Mr. Henderson's Crabba, by David or Arthur (b aged, Sit 101 b Mr. Balfe's Daphne, 6 yrs, 10,t (D. Meany) 2 Capt. Pasco na Royal Blue, aged, 9st 2lb (A.Clarke) 3 The following also ran : Ringleader, 'lhirkleb7, Sir Philip, Now or Never, Dearest Mae, Spring, Miss Pardon. the Dwarf. (bear was struck out at 2.15 p.m. this day, just one hour before the time appointed for the race. Betting : 3 to 1 agst Crabbs, 7 to 2 agst Spring, 4 to 1 agst Dearest Mee, 8 to 1 each apt Sir Philip nt.d Tiarkleby, 10 to 1 ugh auy other. At the coma-nem:eat of the betting, 3 to 1 was Ringleader's price; at the close, "any odds" were obtainable about him. • On making for Beecker's-brook, Crabbs went ahead, followed tat a wide in terval Ly Royal Blue, the others being thus early in the race placed hors de eontbat. Oa crowing the ploughed load Crabbs and Royal Blau kept close company ; but ou enter ing the course, Crabbs was again several lrngtl.a ahead, and maintained his advantage to the end, winning by ton lengths. Daphne passed Royal Blue just below the dis tance, and Blushed second. Spring, who did not pas. the poet, was next. At the high bank. before reaching Beecher's-broak, Miss Puril-iu and Sir Philip fell. TICE AINTREE PLATE (Handicap) of 70 sera. fur all ages. Winners Sib extra. Oi.e mile. (49 suns.) Mr. Saxon's Calot, by Touchstone, 4 yrs, let 4lb (Clement) 1 Mr. Brown's g by the Ugly Buck, out tit Helene, 3 yrs, 6,t bib (Hughes) 2 The following also rat,:—The Red Lion, May Day, Gay lad, the Surveyor, Annie Sutherland, Jupiter, Solving, Maid of Golborne, Alexia, Miss Peddie, I by St. Laois out of Thalia, Cabin Boy, Maria Bell, Twi,z, Effie Deans. Betting: 100 to 30 at;st The Helena gelding, 4 to 1 each apt Calot and Annie Sutherland, 10 to 1 agst Eine Dm ins. Sir J. Boswell declared to win with Annie Sutherland. Maria Bell led to the turn into the straight, when Effie Deans, with Calot in but pursuit, took the lead, and was hest past the post by a head. The Helena gelding finishing three lengths behind Calot. On returning to scale, how ever, it was discovered that Effie Deana MDR above two pounds overweight, the war therefore disgualdied, and the race was given to Calot. Soon after starting Ann i e Suther land was jostled in the ruck, fell, and Hato., her eider, was severely shaken. A SELLINO STAKES of 5 sore. each, with:3o ad,:ed ; se cond to save his 'tali-. T.Y.C. (S subs.) Mr. E R. Clarke's Coleraine, by Touchstone, 3 yrs, (31.11), 7st 4lb (Churl on) 1. Mr. French's Songster, 4 yrs (301 ). 84 210 (r. Smith ) 2 Mr. Harrison's Hynrinth, 4 yrs (30/.), Bst (Aldcrott) 3 The following also ron : Harmony, Fled., Bon Mot, f by Cowl out of Palms, and The Mysterious Luly. Betting : fi to 4on Coleraine. Won easily by a length, Half length between second and third. 'rice winner was sold by auction fur 220 guineas. Aft.r the last taco Tho Jealous One, by Melbourne, the winner of the Tyro Handicap, on Tuesday, waa sold by auction, to Mr. Halliwell, for 100 guineas. SWAFFIIAM COURSING MEETLNG. Judge—Mr. Tibbett. WEDNESDAY—NALBOROCOR FIELD. DERBY STALES FOR Doo PEFFIRS. Second ties: Rskehy beat It. Joe; Diamond beat Australian. OAKS STALLS FOR BITER DUrVlEl3.—Sccond ties : Ro sanne beat Amazon ; Merry Lsae beat Breeze. . THE DEP.—Second ties: Rutland beat Dunkirk ; Tra falgar beat R. Justic.. Wzaz.venz STAKES.—Mr. Buckwortlee blk d p Bedouin beet Mr. Caldwell's blk and wt d p Jona Buil; Lard Stradbroke's blk d p Mayo ag.t Garney's blk and wt d p Atiila—uut run. AGED STAKES.—Mr. Buckworth's blk d Byron agat Mr. Bagge's blk d TendreFse—not run ; Mr. Dobede's blk d Dunkeld ags; Mr. Pillau's blk d Jackdaw—not run. Dobede's blk b p Deborah beat Lord Stradbroke's f d p Mer4/011; Lord Strialbroku'ii f d p Merino beat Mr. Caldwell's blk and wt d p It. Jacob; Mr. Gur ney's ban b p Abbesa beat Mr. Bagg's red b Teal. RACES, 18,54. Ascot Heath, June 13. Newcastle, June 20. Hampton, J une '2l. Bibury Club, June 28. Stockbridge, June 29. Newmarket, July t. Liverpool, July 12. Stamford, July 13. Lioodwoud, July Brighton, Aug. 2. Brighton Club, Aug. 4. Warwick, Sept. 5. Doncaster, Sept. 12. Newmarket First Oet.Sept.26 Newmarket Sec. Oct., Oct. 9. Newmarket IN. H., Oct. 23. DATES OF Nottingham Spring Meeting, Fcb. 21. ' Liverpool S. M., }larch 1. Salisbury, March 9. Coventry S. M., March 14. Warwick S.M., March 21. Ncrth,imptou, March 29. Crouton Park, April 4. Epsom S. M.. April G. Newmarket Craven, Aprill7. York 8 M., April 21. Newmarket First S.M.,May 1 Chester, May 9. Newmarket Sec.S.M.,May 10 Bath, May 23. Boom, May 30. Manchester, June 7. CALIFORNIA, OREGO. X. AND UTAH MAILS. The Washington papers contain an advertisement from the American Postmaster-General for tenders for nail contracts in California, Oregon, Utah, and New Mexico. The contracts are nearly 100 in number, and some of the mail roates are 1,000 miles long. The distance of the whole of the mail routes is nearly 10,000 miles. Mail bags are to be taken up and dropped at about 300 places. The postal communication between great numbers of the towns is to be daily. The longest routes ore to have a mail service once a month. Every kind of mail conveyance will be adopted suitable to the districts in which they will travel —viz., steamboats, four-horse coaches, carts, waggons, and saddle horses. The contracts are to commence in 1830, and to last until 1858. Very shortly therefore every place in the above remote states will be joined to each other, and with every other part of the Waited States, by a postal com munkatioa. In the advertisement the name of every place where a letter bag is to be dropped is mentioned, and its distance from other places in the contract stated. In Cali fornia the names of towns aro chiefly Spanish, but mixed with them are the following, viz., Ophirvilie, Oro City, Ring-gold, Rough-and-Ready, Yankee Jim, Umpqua City, and Tama. In Oregon there are the post towns of Jennyopolis, Olympia, Etktown, and Sublimity. In Utah there are the following places, viz., Salt Lake City, Provo City, Naphi City, and Tools City. TILE BEARD.—It may be safely argued, as a gene ral physiological principle, that whatever evinces a free and natural development of any part of the body is by necessity beautiful. Deprive the lion of his mane, the cock of its comb, the peacock of the emerald plumage of its tail, the ram and deer of their horns, and they not only become dis gleming to the eye, but lose much of their power and vi gour. And it is easy to apply this reasoning to the hairy Ornaments of a man's face. The caprice 0 fashion alone fortes the Englishman to shave off those appendages which give to the male countenance that true masculine character, indicative of energy, bold daring, and decision. The pre sence or absence of the beard, as so addition to the face, is diorama marked and distinctive peculiarity between the countenance of the two sexes. Who can hesitate to admire the noble countenance of the Osmanli Turk of Constanti nople, with his un•Mongolian length of beard ? Ask any of the fair sex whether they will not approve and admire the noble countenance of Mehemet Ali, Major Herbert Edward's, the hero of the Puojaub, Sir Charles Napier, and others, as set off by their beard ? We may ask, with Beatrice, "What manner of man is he ? Is his head worth a hat, or his chin worth a beard 1" I have noticed the whiskers and beards of many of our most eminent physi cians and merchants encroaching upon their former narrow boundaries, while it is well known that not a few of our divines have been long convinced of the folly of disobeying one of nature's fixed laws; but hitherto, their unwilling ness to shock the prejudice of their congregations, have prevented them from giving effect to their convictions. The beard is not merely for ornament, it is for use. Nature never does anything in vain ; she is economical, and wastes nothing. She would never erect a bulwark were her domain unworthy of protection, or were there no enemy to invade it. I shall proceed to show that the beard is intended u a bulwark, and designed as a protection for the health. The beard has a tendency to prevent diseases of the lunge by guarding their portals. Tho moustache, particularly, as we have already seen, prevents the admis sion of dust into the lungs, which is the fruitful cause of disease. It also forms a respirator more efficient than the cunning hand of man con fabricate. Man fashions his respirator of wire, curiously wrought ; nature makes hers of hair, placed where it belongs, and not requiring to be put on like a muzzle. Diseases of the bead and threat are also prevented by wearing the beard.—ltoteland on the Human Hair. threelNpyteNar bell buoys, w th h e ich So th u e th m itm ex p i t c O an tl dock there are LE itAll government have ordered for a part of the coast in the Oulf of Mexico. They are enormous buoys with large bells, and their use is in thick and foggy weather when the. buoys cannot be seen. The surging of the waves causes the bells to ring, which gives information of the locality of the buoys. The apparatus is such also as to answer the pur pose of life buoys, where several persons can be sheltered until they are rescued. The Russian government recently ordered one of the patentee for Riga. One is placed off Caisbot Castle, near the entrance of Southampton Water, and it has been proposed to place one near the entrance of the Solent, which would afford great assistance to the pilots and commanders of the Southampton mail packsts. if one were laid down there it would be about twenty feet high with a bell weighing 11 cwt. Colonel Facio visited Southampton on Monday to inspect the buoys for the Mexican government. The inventor of this moat useful apparatus is Captain Peacock, of Southampton. He has recently submitted models to the Admiralty and Trinity Board. Their use in enabling ships to enter channels in fogs in invaluable. The under part of the bell buoy is boat shaped, only solid, and is admirably formed to roll about in the water to ring the bell that is attached to it. From the upper surface of the buoy &circular and tapering psli.adirg is telts several feet in height, inside of which, towards the top, the bell is hung so as to ring at the slightest movement. I a