The Express. — London, England, 1847-11-04 00:00:00

ROMFORD, Nov. 3.—Tha following are our quotations to-day : Wheat, 435. to 80s. Baler, 30s. to 31s. grinding, 235. to 28a. Oats. 245. to 30s. Deans, 364. to 481. Peas, 40s. to 481. Rye, 304. to 32.. Rye, Nov. 9.—A very large market. Wheat in demand, and sold fully 2s. per qr. higher than last week. Oats • better supply ; prices rather lower. All other kinds of grain about the same as last week. Wheat, whi:c, 6th. to 645. ; red, 48s. to 60*. Oats, 20s. to 245. Peas, grey, 335. to 40s. SPALDING, Nov. 2.—From 2s. to 3s. has been paid for Wheat at this day's market over the rates of last week, and with rather les. showing. Prices vary Very much in this market, from the great disparity in the quality. Useful red millers, Wheat, 181bs. per sack, 431. to 50s. ; white, 48s. to 621, Oats easier to buy. New Beans, small, 40s. to 441. ; old, 625. to oiis. . . • - Wiorox, Nov. 2.—The quantities and average prices of grain sold in Wigton market this day:—Wheat, 61 qrs. 4 bush., 583.61 d. per qr. Barley, 31 qrs. 4 bush., 335. ON. Oats, 33 qrs., 245. Id. . Beaux, Nov. 2.—The supplies to our market this day were very limited, and, the demand being lively, the ten dency of prices was generally upwards. We advance oar quotations for Wheat 6d. to Is., and for Oats and Barley 3d. per b met each. Flour was in improved dem and ; and In dian Corn was Is. per qr. higher. The following was the general currency Wheat, red, per 21101b5., 235. to 29e. 6d.; white 28s. to 325. Oats, per 1961 bu, 105. 6d. to 13e. Gd. Barley, per 22 &lbs., 145. to 17s. 6d. Rapeseed, per 2 - 141t0., 295. to 311. Oatmeal, per cwt., 131. to 151. Flour, seconds, in sacks, per cwt., 16s. 6d. to 17s. 6d. ; American, per barrel, 275. to 295. Indian Corn, per 4801b5., 255. to 315. - - - - BELFAST, Nov. I.—The accounts received this morning from Liverpool quote an advance in most articles in the corn trade ; and, as foreign supplies were falling off very consi derably, a further improvement was anticipated. In conse quence of these advices, the holders in this town are asking higher prices for Indian Corn and American Flour, but we cannot quote an advance of more than ss. per ton on the former, and Is. per barrel on the latter. There has been • fair supply of farmers' produce at market, which meets with a steady demand at our prices. The following are our quo tations : Indian Corn, white, 81. 10s. to 91. 55.; yellow, 71. 154. to 81.55. per ton. Indian Cornitleal, white, 91. 10s. to 101. d i. ; yellow, 81. Fis. to 91. per ton. American, 17a. Per barrel. Ityerneal, Ressler , . 7.. 6d. to Bs. per cwt. HOPS. BOROCCH hIAKKET, Tics o'clock. Mews. Pattenden and Smith, Hop Factors, report that the market continues firm, with a good demand for all Hops with colour and quality. The Rochester duty is still kept back, but is pretty well known by many parties who are in the secret. Estimated, 205,0001. to 210,0001. New 011 d t 6 Kora., 41. oto ff. 121 Yowling Kent's. cwt. •1.10 to San Now Weald Kook 2 10 to 4 01 Yearlloz Suawes „ 2 6to 3 3 Now Strwox . 210 to 3 10 I Old Hot* „ 1 oto 2 0 Nambatos BASINGSTOKE, Nov. 3.—Trade still very depressed. The growers from around Odiham, Alton, Bentley, Crondall, ific., are still holders, offering at from 3/. to 41. per cwt., yet but few appear willing to buy at present. 1. or the best Farnham* of 1846, 51. 10s. is asked ; this year's, 41.105. to 51 WOACKSTER, Nov. 3.—The improvement in prices is but partial, and the following may be quoted as the rates: Best new Worcester Hops, 31. 5s to 3/. 10s. per cwt. ; fair, 31. ; best yearlings. 31. to 3/. 103. ; fine, V. 10s. to 31. ; old olds, 11.10 s. to 21. 10s. HAY.—SMITHFIELD, Tee ~ 'Clock.—Nlesars. Cooper and Davis, Hay and Straw Salesmen, report that the trade is very heavy. Perna Meadow tik. to ;at 1 Rowca -IL I Straw.. t 3. Ito 33 65e. 63.. 1 Choor mt. 95t. CATTLE, &c.—EROSIYARD FAlR.—There was a very large supply of Cattle, which consisted principally of young stock. Steers and Cows of good quality sold well at this fair, but inferior stock of every description was a com plete drug. Very few fat Cows, and those changed hands without difficulty, the average price being about 6d. per lb A very large show of Sleep; best Wethers made 7d., and others averaged about 6d. There was about the usual number of Sheep penned. Strong stores were much in ad vance ; small ones fetched about the tame prices as lately obtained, and Porkers and Bacons were worth 61. For Yesterday's .Ua►keta see last page. SHIPPING. MA MB Aaniven.—Dublia, 3; Waterford, 2; Denaghaden 1; French, 1; Flanders, 1. LONDON, Nov. 4.—Wind this day at noon, S.S.E., light airs and hazy. DEAL, Nov. 3.—S.E. to S.S.E.—Sailed : Catherine Eliza beth, for Tobago, but anchored again to the suithward. OPP SANDGATR, Nov. 3.—Great Britain, Montreal. TORBAY, Nov. 3.—S.E.—Sailed: Lisette, Bahia; Ash lay, St. John's, N.B. rurmourtc, Nov. 3.—E.S.E.—Arrived: H.M.S. Satel lite, Rio Janeiro. Off port : Elizabeth and Henry, Sydney , N.S.W., ant Rio Janeiro. FALMOUTH, Nov. 3.—E.—Sailed Thames, Jamaica. Biturrot, Nov. 3.—E. by S.—Sailed: Lucy, Demerara; Olive, St. John's. N.B. Duntits, Nov. 2.—W. to N.W.—Arrived: Oink Galley, Trinidad. DUBLIN Bev—Arrived Atalanta, Quebec. LIMIRICI, Nov. 2.—S.W.—Arrived : Jane Black, Que bec; Oct. 31, Eleanor, Barbados... POITIICAWL, Nov. 2.—The Providence, of Aberystwith, on shore in Newton Bay, 30th ult , has been got off and brought in here with only alight damage. LLAYNADOCIL, Nov. I.—Part of the wreck of a vessel has washed on shore at Mumbles, and at Portegnon. OFF rue WtOßY.—Regius, Monte Video. So ITTRAMPTOW.—S.W.— Sailed : Teviot (st.),Weist Indies. PETRRH lAD, Nov. I.—Arrived Joseph Green, Davis' Straits, with 8 fish.... ARRRDERS, Oct. 31.—Arrived : Albion,St. John's, N.B. KIRKCALDY, Nov. I.—Arrived : Regalia, Davie' Straits, with four gal, about 35 tune. HULL, Nov. 3.--S.W. Arrived : Meteor, Margaretha, and Venerable, St. John's ; Lady Mansell, Xubea. HAUWICII, Nov. 3.—The Courier has been got off shore without damage, and proceeded this morning. The schooner referred to yesterday proves to be the Regent, of Leith, Wemyas to Charente. She has been assisted in, and must discharge to repair. ght erpreoo. The Malls for the Braila, the River Plate, Monte Video, Pernsm. .h= g ßii!la ta. M 4 ag n ei s p o t y , e an m il r lthenos Ayres, will be made up on the The overload closed math, via Marseilles, to tie Mediterranean. =Aden, Nylon, Haig Kong, he., vrill be made up on the of the tth No•. The malls for Vigo. Oporto, Lisbon, Madeira, Cadiz, aid Gibraltar will be made up on the morning of the 3th November. The West India Math, excluding Bermuda, Namely Havana, Honduras, New Orleans, Vera Cruz, Tampico, and Porto Rico, and including thine for Isernel, thrthagens, Bente Haethe, ClaMtree, Panama, Went Coast of South America, and St. Juan-de-Nioueiren, will be made op on the morning of the 10th Inst. The overlan4 mails for Gibraltar, Malta, Oreeee, the lonlan Islands, ?gent, Aden, Ceylon, India, Ilong-Kong, and China, Ms Southampton, will Le made up on the meriting of the 20th November. 'Me WSW. for New South Wales, Van Diemen's Laud. sad New Lamed will he made op on the evening of the 30th November. TO CORIZSPONDENTII. ': kOdrydaymode holdaded Or Th. Swam. L. fool., . lIIM IN 000 0.00 ID DOMMOMOM by TT• Waled! ad Ow day pablidellsa. 111011 WATTS AT LONDON.IIIIIIOOII. Tun DA T—ll•esies. AA...AO. WA 0 001 TA TeJl•••••—Plentlag. Il AI. ma 00 Allamsaca. 36 We. pax OA LONDON, THURSDAY, NO V. 4. every new scheme that was started in opposition to one already established, on the mere ground of their faith in some abstract principle of " competition," the value of which as applied to cases of this nature they could not be persuaded to doubt, strong as they were in reliance on the formulae of a creed they had learned by rote. A third class had crotchets, partial ities—and some have added interesta in favour of the broad gauge; and by encouraging its extension not only rendered the whole railway system more complicated, and set some of its chief interests at loggerheads, but directly caused the con struction, in several cases, of two lines, where, but for this rivalry, nobody would have thought perhaps of making even one. The effect of all these tendencies was not merely felt in the scheme immediately set forth; the then extant companies, seeing their exist ence threatened in this manner, made efforts in self defence, necessarily creating a new class of projects. They would have been glad, in many quarters, to have seen no new line made at all; but were resolved, if one must be made, to have a share in the business, which was to be supported at the expense of their former works. For such extensions and branches there thca arose a scramble between neighbouring companies, each increasing its works beyond its desires, in order to keep pace with its rivals; and thus a large pro portion of those liabilities that are now most heavily pressing on the railway body became imposed by the direct and indirect operation of tendencies that arose not in that body itself, but in various sections of the legislature. These old companies, indeed, took pains enough some time since to point out the evil of letting them loose on the system : arguments enough were adduced to show that a railway was not quite like a grocer's shop, that could be set up or removed at pleasure, or according to " demand ;" that " competition," with items counted by millions, was not likely to be a very natural pro cess; and that no efforts that could possibly arise from rivalry, always tending to subside into combi nations, could repay the country for the waste ful process of spending three millions, to accomplish, by two lines, what could, for all useful purposes, be done by a single one, for half that charge. These suggestions were scouted at the time by public men, as interested arguments of " monopoly." The conse quence of neglecting them may be seen in a full half of those very new works, the existence of which is now complained of by many who must be regarded as their true authors. In one class of competition, that, namely, between the national and the broad gauge, the mischief is far from having yet come to an end ; and we shall therefore return to thin before long, as it is the most immediately practical part of the subject. The Manchester Chamber leave much, in vague terms, to the "wisdom" of Mr. Svntrry and his col leagues. What they expressly advise is an extension of the time fixed in railway acts for completing the works. This might be easily granted, and would allow in many cases of the voluntary adjournment of several plans that it might not be easy for any arbi trary influence to choose with discretion. It may be, however, that, by the time parliament shall have as sembled, the cry will have changed its tone ; and instead of the chorus against calls, we may hear a concert of lamentations over the consequences of stop ping works, from which the labourers are now begin ning to be discharged—as we foretold they must be— in numbers too large to be regarded with much com placency. ONE of the worst and most distressing symptoms of the time is what appears to be the permanent fixing of the rate of interest for money at from eight to nine per cent. Had any power shifted the axis of the globe, so as to bring the polar region into the torrid zone, and subject Africa to a Nova Zemblan clime, the change would be scarcely greater or more astounding than the revolution in credit and in capital, which has assimilated the use and profit of money in England to what it may be in Sicily or Turkey. The whole of the mer cantile transactions of this country must be totally dislocated and deranged. Trade must cease, produc tion stop, whilst the public revenae cannot fail to suffer the same collapse as private income, and the panic of the commercial world be followed by a crisis of the political. If the distress and rain of such a total change merely affected the magnates, it would certainly be the subject of deep anxiety and regret, but would not amount to a syncope of the whole industry of the nation, such as now threatens. The bullionist will say, why has industry based itself exclusively on credit? Why will men trade altogether on borrowed money ? The answer is, the division of labour and the progress of civilisation itself ordain this, that one class should trade in money, and another apply it. And when this is so fully carried out that money itself is unneeded, and altogether superseded by credit, per fection is obtained. What said Mr. HORNER, the prince of the bullionists ? " Whenever a system of credit has been long established to a great extent, there cannot be a more unequivocal proof both of the solidity of the national capital, and of the prudence and skill with which it is employed." Credit, however, has its dangers, especially where it extends over a large surface, and ramifies to a great extent, whilst the source from which it flows and the power, which roles it, is to be found in a narrow centre. One of the great causes of the pre sent universality of distress, and of the production of that distress, has been in fact the centralisation of credit. Had credit remained more local, more circumscribed, more guarded and enlightened by local knowledge, sympathies, necessities, and connexions, the general paralysis, which now affects it, would have been impossible. And we would not have our mines undrained and oar steam furnaces cold, merely be cause it pleased London capitalists to sink their money in the Mauritius. The legislation of Sir It. PEEL, however, and of the parliament which followed him, has been to centralise credit, and to arrange it in a kind of hierarchy with the Bank of England at the head, this Bank forced to be an open sewer for' gold to run into in prosperous times, to be eased of which it forced the monied magnates to take its notes at low interest; these in turn forcing credit into every provincial vein or national speculation, and these failing, shovelling it abroad for visionary trade or decennial returns. Tim memorial of the Manchester Chamber of Com merce to the Board in Whitehall, on the subject of railway calls and liabilities, is at once more cautious in alleging causes, and more moderate in suggesting measures to remove the supposed effect of such causes, than were the resolutions of that meeting of Manches ter manufactarers and merchants on which we had to comment some weeks since. There is something of retrospect in the address of the chamber which is not wholly without truth; and the only means which it distinctly mentions, as applicable to present relief, are of a kind that may be useful in many cases, and never can do much injury. The recurrence to past events in legislation may indeed seem to be a fruitless care, when the mischief arising from its mistakes are already done;—and especially when the very conse quences of its former want of prudence render it un likely that parliament will again, for some time to come at least, have an opportunity of committing similar errors on so large a scale. The appli cations for new lines in the coming session will hardly be many ;—and the repetition of influences to which a great extent of the lines passed in former sessions clearly owed their origin, will be prevented by mere want of fresh subjects to act upon. Still there are some matters that can hardly fail to come pretty early before the new par liament, in which the principles that prevailed in the last will again be apt to come under discussion ; so that it may not be wholly superfluous to point out in what respect " the recent course of legislation in reference to railway affairs," which the Manchester Chamber of Commerce not quite untruly describes as wanting " in that judicious or comprehensive cha racter which so important a subject requires," wa• really defective. Nil'ken the extensive schemes of the railway interest are made a ground of complaint in many quarters, is is proper to remember to what cause a considerable wit of those schemes may be justly ascribed. This cause will be found, not in the body itself, but in that agreement between two er three classes of public men, each actuated, indeed, by different views, but coinciding in the result of their actions, which promoted the multiplication of railways on various grounds of " competition." At the head of one of these classes stood Sir ROBERT PEEL, who gave an immense new projects of the most expensive and - description by his public dicta in favour " There were others who supported This is the action of the state bank, the great central pump of credit in prosperous times, to fill every channel with its copious streams. Then, in ad verse times, or at the slightest symptom of adversity, the great central machine is compelled by law to turn its powers immediately to absorption. For a long time, indeed, it continues to respect the great reservoir of the money magnates; but all the smaller, and more local, and more legitimate pools of credit it sucks dry—and all this to carry out some theory about the foreign exchanges. How far the centra lis ation of credit might be use ful, and be purged of its pernicious effects, were the principle of currency better understood, we know not. But in the present state of knowledge, when statesmen are utterly ignorant of the amount, the requisites, the demands, or the superfluity of a currency, this powerful centralization, working in the dark, is a monstrous and unmitigated evil. What do we hear at present from Glasgow, and even from Ireland ? That throughout all the pressure the banks have never refused discount, and that the pres sure, however universally felt, has still been neutralised and prevented from producing ruin by the employ ment of local knowledge, local sympathies, and accom modation loans, based not on the state of the general money market alone, but also on the wants of the loca lity and the true returns of its industry. Glasgow owes these advantages to decentralisation. The dis tress of Manchester and Liverpool has been immensely increased by their dependence for credit upon a distant and distinct community. The repeal of the bill of 1844 would remedy much of this evil. The centralised power of the Bank has been the cause of these terrible fluctuations of credit which some theorists will misrepresent as now the poverty, now the wealth, of the country. In reality, the riches and revenue of the country are the same at the two epochs. The difference lies in the treatment of those riches and revenues by the ruling powers. It is said that a despotic government is best, provided it is endowed with absolute wisdom. So is centralisation admirable, if it have know ledge. But a blind despot, or an ignorant and vacillating centralised power is the most cruel and nefarious infliction that can be imposed upon man. In their monetary laws, the executive and the legislature are as ignorant as ARISTOTLE was of physics. Both are still groping their way. And their mistake is to have centralised power and di rection, without being sure of any principle, or aware of any consequence. THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVE\ING, NOVEMBER 4, 1847. None of the French journals appeared on Tuesday, in consequence of the general festival of All Saints on ➢fonday. The importance of the news from Switzer land, however, brought out an extraordinary supple ment of the Mbats. We give elsewhere this, together with other intelligence from what must now be re garded as the theatre of civil war. Count Bresson arrived at Naples on the 23rd. The King and Queen of the Belgians are si,ill at St. Cloud. A report of the last effort to cone to an amicable arrangement made by the deputies of the cantons was received in Paris, and appeared in an extraordinary edition of the Journal des Mails published on Tues day, notwithstanding a previous notice that the pub lication of that journal would be suspended, like all the other Paris papers, in consequence of the holiday of All Saints on Monday. The following is, in substance, the report given by the D;bals. In esti mating it, however, it is necessary to take into account that the journal of M. Guizot and the correspondent from whom it receives its information are declared and unmeasured partisans of the Sonderbund. M. Savarin, the deputy of the half canton of convoked, on the evening of the 21th, at the Falcon Hotel, MM. Bernard Meyer, Fournier, Bossard, Muller, Neat (deputy of St. Gall), and Boeshenstein (of Schaffhausen). M. Nccft sug gested, as a means of compromise, that it be offered to refer the question of the expulsion of thelesuits to the Pope. M. B. Meyer acceded to this, on the part of the Sonderbund. 'I he parties thereupon agreed to demand the adjournment of the diet from the 28th to the 29th, to give time for negotiating on this basis, and the parties separated, in the full hope of an ami cable arrangement. The next day (the 28th) deputies of the league again repaired to the hotel of M. Ber nard Meyer, where they were met by MM. Nccft, Munzinger, Furrer, and Kern. The deputy of Lucerne renewed, in the nano of the Sonderbund, the proposition of M. Nceft. M. Munzinger objected that the arbitration of the Pope would not be accepted by the protestant cantons. M. Furrer observed that the diet could only go so far as to consent that the seven cantons should send a deputation to Rome to solicit his Holiness to recall the Jesuits. M. Bernard :Meyer replied that each a measure would be superfluous, as the cantons had already the power of removing them. He asked what guarantee the majority would offer for the independence of the cantonal sovereignty, if the Jesuits were dismissed as required ? To this no reply was given. M. Meyer then again proposed that a negotiation should be opened with the diet, based upon the propositionsof a reference to the Pope, but without laying down such reference as an ulti matum, and that in the meantime both parties should disband their troops. To this M. Furrer demurred on the part of the diet, adding that the diet had no proposition to make, but merely desired to hear what the deputies of the league haff to pro pose. On this, M. Bernard Meyer rose and said : "It only remains for us to depart. Your plan is evi dent, and we will not consent to be rendered accom plices to it. You answer for nothing ; pledge your selves to nothing. Your only purpose in negotiating is to gain time, to concentrate your forces ; and, when Ithey are ready, they will fall upon us and crush us. We must not play such a game." The deputies there- upon rose, and separated. The next day (the 29th) they attended the meeting of the diet, where they renewed the same propositions, which were formally put to the vote and rejected. The deputy of Lucerne then read to the diet, in the name of the seven cantons, a solemn declaration, defending the conduct which they pursued, after which all the deputies of the Sonderbund rose together, left the assembly, and immediatelyafterwards quitted Berne for their respective cantons. A great crowd had assembled before the hotel of the deputies of Lucerne to witness their departure, but there was no manifestation of any kind. They left amid pro found silence. All civil processes in the cantons of Vaud and Berne are suspended. The legislative body of Neufchatel, which met on the 29th, decided that the troops of that canton should not march against the Sonderbund, by a vote of 73 I against 12. We have already mentioned that the N orort has announced that, in such a contingency, the federal troops should occupy that canton. At the meeting of the diet held on the 29th, it was decided that tkus question should be referred to the committee on the Sonderbund. Since the above was written, we have received the Berne journals of the 31st, which in the main confirm the facts above stated. The propositions of the I deputies of the league were treated as mere delusions and snares. " What deliberative assembly," asks L'Helretie,"in Europe or in America would consent to submit its decisions to the judg ment of the Pope, or of any other foreign power? " L'Helretie an nounces that the diet would be satisfied if the cantons of the league would consent to dismiss the Jesuits from the directoral canton of Lucerne, and dissolve the Sonderband. The establishment. and consequent predominant influence of ' the Jesuits in Lucerne, would have the effect of throwing the execu tive government of the Swiss confederation virtually into the hands of the reverend fathers for two years in every six ; that is to say, during the turn of Lucerne to become the seat of the federal legislature. Advice. from Geneva to the 30th say that a courier had arrived there from the federal government, with orders to call out the whole military contingent. Three battalions of infantry, and a battalion of care bineers, with some artillery of the Valaisians, had occupied St. Maurice and the Lower Valais. The canton of Vaud had 12,000 men under arms, distri buted between Vevay, Aigle, Monion, Lucens, Pay erne, and Avenches. Our correspondent, writing from Brussels on the lit instant, says : " The dissensions in the Belgian cabinet have been removed for the present by his Majesty giving at last his consent to tke dismissal of M. d'Huart from his post of governor of Namur." Advices have been received from Naples to the 25th. According to a correspondent of the Nourellige of Marseilles, writing under that date, the country con tinues in the same state of excitement, and is con trolled only by a system of terror. Secret presses were in operation in spite of the vigilance of the police. The government, not satisfied with the actual rigour of the laws against printing, had appointed an extraordinary commission of three persons, one of whom was the Prefect of Police, to consider whether these publications (which in fact are petitions to the monarch for the removal of his present advisers) could not be brought under the character of acts fa vouring insurrection, and thus their authors ren dered subject to capital punishment. The de cision of the committee upon this question. wee not known on the 25th. General Landi had excited still more disgust and horror at Messina, by seizing a child, twelve years old, and attempting to force from him, by torture and threats, information respecting his master, who was one of those for whose' murder a reward of 300 ducats had been offered. The lieneral imagined that the child, who was a ser vant In the family of the proscribed, might have over heard, or otherwise learned, the place of retreat of his unfortunate muster, who is a respectable manufacturer at Messina. The Augsburg Gazette gives the following: All is not terminated in the affair of the cession of Lucca. According to a calculation based upon the act of the congress of Vienna, and on the state of things at the time of his taking possession, the prince, on abdicating, has left a debt of about three millions of ecudi. He asked whether it will be Leopold 11. or Tuscany who will pay off this debt. It can he remembered that at the time of the taking possession, r a u ra o t f nu N m a beLof n eettem er; which constituted sectoularised the i u ta n t ter th: that the mother of 'the ex-duke restored them to the &m an y. Now the inhabitants of Lucca dispute this right, and it is known the prince owes to the state the ues of these estates. Ile will, in consequence, be obliged to relinquish the revenues if he do not restore the estates. The Patria of Florence, of the 26th ult., announces the arrival, on the 22nd, at Gallitano, of the Mode nese troops, accompanied by Commissioner Azzi, who soon after called upon the Tuscan Commissary Advo- mite Bianchini, desiring him to give up to him the possession of the place. Signor Bianchini refused, alleging that he had received no orders from his go vernment. But on the evening of the same day Sig nor Azzi insisted, and took possession de facto. Sig nor Bianchini has protested against this act. Several proclamations of the Modenese government were posted up soon afterwards. The province of Fiviz zano has a surface of 05 square miles, 51 parishes, and 16,000 inhabitants; the annual revenue is about ' 40,000f.—Florence was the scene of a disturbance on the 25th. One Paolim, belonging to the old po lice, called abirri, and hated by the people on account of former arbitrary acts, arrested a blind beggar, Some persona who witnessed the arrest disapproved of it ; the crowd increased and rescued the beggar. The commissary of Santo Spirito, to appease the people, had Paolini put into an open carriage and taken to prison. But the news having spread, the crowd became more dense, and Paolini was assaulted. Other bodies of people attacked some guard-houses, and burnt the furniture; at the old police-office, the Bargello, several persons imprisoned for debt were set at liberty. All this took place so suddenly that the civic guard was not in time to prevent it ; that body, however, soon interfered moat successfully, and the tumult was quelled on all points in less than an hour. The Marquis ktidolti, Minister of the Interior, wrote a letter in the name of the Grand Duke to the commander of the civic guard, on the 26th, in which he passes the highest eulogium on the behaviour of that body, notwithstanding the imperfect state of their present organisation. MADRID,.Ocr..2B, The Eeo attributes to Christina (or, which is the same thing, to her friends) the design of proposing to the government the capitalisation of the pension of three millions of reale, which was voted to the Queen- Mother by the Cortes. The Eeo assumes the capital sought at the enormous sum of 00 millions, a figure which it arrives at by the very . simple and original improvement upon De Moivre s roles for calculating the worth of annuities, of supposing the present annuitant's life to be worth 30 years, and then multi plying the said 30 by the 3 millions annually re ceived. Now, continues the ingenious Eerr, supposel this vast sum invested in the Three per Cents., which are now at 27, a nominal capital of 333 millions would be acquired, which would give nearly 10 millions in interest every year, that is three times as much as Donna Maria Christina gets in yearly pay ment of her pension. This sum multiplied by 30 gives 300 millions, which, together with the capital, make 390 millions, a pretty purse enough Ibr the heirs of the Queen-Mother. The fallacy upon which the Leos alarming calcu lations are based is too evident to need notice; never theless, if such a measure as the capitalisation in ques tion has been suggested to the present ministers, which is not improbable, it behoves the nation to be on the alert to scotch any job which may be set on foot in consequence, either secretly, or under the auspices of the Cortes. Meantime Christina might consider herself lucky if she could sell her pension for five years purchase, not to talk of thirty. The Marquis of Miraflores has published a pam phlet upon the question of the succession to the crown of Spain, agitated by England and France. in con sequence of the marriage of the Infanta Dona Luisa Fernanda with the Duke of Montpensier. I may return to this production in sonic future letter. One of the marquis's positions is that the treaty of Utrecht has been cancelled by the French revolution, rather a curious opinion for an ea-premier to express, at least in any country but Spain. The hunt at the I'ardo came off without farther ac cident than Narvaez getting a tumble in attempting an ambitious leap, for which the liberal gacetillas jibe thegeneral unmercifully, giving no quarter to the fa!len hero. All the ministers were present, besides 'Linn zares and others. A dinner of thirty covers was set out in the palace of the Pardo. The Duke of Baylen has been appointed captain of the halberdiers, and the Marquis of Malpica Cabal lerizo, mayor. The Ero says that Don Jose Menzibar Maez has been appointed secretary of her Majesty, a post which was understood some weeks ago to be suppressed. The passage of the Ebro by a large body of the Carlista had spread some alarm, the Maeztrazgo's mountainous district affording impregnable holds. A progresista paper gives out that Eapartero has been appointed ambassador at London, and that a letter has been sent to him by tho President of the Council. Maroto's death at Santiago, in Chili, is re ported. LUCERNE, Ocr. 29. I write from the margin of one of the most pic turesque lakes in the world, and I find it difficult to reconcile to my mind the painful fact that the demon of bloodshed should be likely in a few days to tinge its pellucid surface, and startle its peaceful echoes with the roar of hostile artillery; and all for what? Why, d propoe of a subtle corporation originating in Spanish fanaticism, and totally foreign to the simple, honest, and unsophisticated hearts of the Swiss abirigines. On leaving Berne, I found the road eriellonnje with troops, mostly cavalry, and their appearance was soldierlike, and their accoutrements in capital order. On entering the canton of Lucerne, the contrast both in the bearing and habiliments of the rebel forces was very striking. They had a straggling, ragged, and I woebegone semblance, and the officers seemed raw unintelligent persons, with lacklustre eye and stolid physiognomy. To make up for this unprepossessing aspect of the men, each soldier wore a sprig of myrtle or holly in his shako, which greenery I have since learnt was blessed for the purpose by the clergy, and no doubt will give courage to the defenders of what is considered a sacred cause. ev Khal A LI F TOV Tow IS IVY (Orme Aorep 'Appobios Nal Apirnryetro.w. On arriving at Iluttwill, I was informed that a considerable encampment had been formed at Willis thal out of the regular line of road, and I forthwith diverged from the beaten path to mingle among the belligerents. I found about 3,000 men in the village, and having got among the o ffi cers, by a liberal dis tribution of better cigars than they were used to smoke, I elicited the fact, that they had entered very reluctantly on this war, and had a firm conviction that they would get the worst of it. One said that in his battalion not five out of twenty knew why they were going to fight at all, and the few that were really in earnest were bent on fighting more from sheer pugnacity than any regard for the reverend objects of the contest. In fact, as one of them, more wide awake than the rest, pleasantly remarked, the question was one of loyalty to the government of the country, or Loyola-1y to a set of strangers. It is quite uncertain where the collision will take place; and wherever it does, the spot will never be held in proud recollection by the people who still point in the map of Switzerland, with swelling hearts and sparkling eyes, to the battle-fields of Sempach, Morat, I and Mergarten, dyed with the blood of foreigners. Some think (for the plan of campaign in the secret mind of Gen. Dufour is quite a mystery) that the first blow will be struck against Fribu rg , which, if effec tual, will be followed by the submission of Lucerne; others say that a concentrated movement on this town will be made, and that the forces of Zurich and these of Berne, and &ileum, will converge on this de voted canton, wkile the Italian confederates of TtEliDO and Lugano will pass St. Oothard and fall on it from the rear. It is certain that there is felt great alarm in the city: the Berne artillery is known to be well appointed, and this place is commanded completely by the circumambient hills, from which nothing is easier than to fire the town and then Matta label mural, ruit alto a culmine Troja 1 I must tell you that great diversity of opinion pre vails in every canton, as well on the Sonderbund side of the question as that of the federal government. In Friburg there is a strong minority in favour of the central authority : and in Lucerne the gentry of the eanton are quite at variance with the common people who, under the guidance of the late Joseph Leu, a kind of "liberator," got the upper hand and com pletely quashed the power of what would be called the respectable and intelligent class. In Zurich there are many partisans of the Jesuits and some few in Soleure and Geneva, though public opinion in Swit zerland is overwhelming on the other side. At Willisthal I was stopped by the authorities and my passport demanded, which is unusual in Switzerland. The Austrian ambassador's risa,which I had procured from Zurich through Mr. Berries, proved serviceable. I have been obliged to take out a pertnis de sijottr from the municipal powers of this , town, which has proclaimed vengeance against all strangers who cannot show sufficient cause for fre quenting the city. The proclamation is dated the 19th wein menet Pen 19 tiltinntoßat) 1817, which is a poetical form to express the month of October. That month, among us, rhymes with sober, whereas the Germans have connected it more naturally with an allusion to Bacchus. And so fare thee well, land of the brave and honest Switzer'! When I look out, as I do now, on thy glassy lake, fit to mirror the manly visage of free men, I can scarce fancy that so foul and ridiculous a quarrel has sprung up among thy sons! I cross the hills to Italy, where I shall meet men more refined, but not more true. lam off for the sunny land, but cannot depart without wishing thee once more well out of thy troubles—and may Clod defend the right ! impulse to new p uncalled for deer d " direct lino.' 111611 r flbe court. - WINDSOR, WEDNESDAY.—Lord Camoys has arrived at the Castle, and has succeeded the Earl of Morley as Lord in Waiting to the Queen. Col. B. Drummond has also ar rived, and has succeeded Mr. R. 0. Gore as the Groom in Waiting to her Majesty. The royal dinner party at the castle this evening is expected to include the Duchess of !Cent, the Marquis and Marchioness of Exeter, the Lady in Waiting of the Duchess of Kent, the Baroness de Speth, the Earl and Countess of Dalhousie, Lord and Lady Beauvale, the Right Hon. Sir C. and Lady M. Wood, Sir G. Cooper, Maj.-Oen. W. H. Scott, and Lieut.-Col. Smith (commanding Royal Horse Guards). 'Yesterday was the birth-day of the Princess Sophia. The Duchess of Kent, the Duchess of Gloucester, and the Duke of Cambridge paid viaits of congratulation to bee Royal Highness on the auspicious return of her natal day. The usual rejoicings took place at Windsor. The Princess Sophia is recovering from her recent illness, and has taken airings in a curium. The Duchess of Kent arrived at her residence, Clarence House, St. James's, at 12 o'clock yesterday, from Frogmore House, near Windsor. Her Royal Highness left town soon after 2 o'clock in the afternoon on her return to Frofmore House. the Duke of Cambridge returned to town yester day morning from honouring the Duke of Rutland with a visit at his re‘ideace, near Newmarket. His Royal Highness proceeded to Kew in the afternoon. Dr. Lushington had an interview with Sir G. Grey yesterday. Mr. J. Romilly had also an interview with the right hon. baronet at the Home-office. The Right Hon. E. Strntt (Chief Commissioner of Railways) arrived in town on Tuesday night. Mr. J. F. Stanford, chairman of the committee on the subject of mendicancy, accompanied the deputation, from Maryiebone, to Sir G. Grey, on Tuesday. Despatches were sent off last evening from the Colonial-office for the Governor-General of Cenada, and also for the Gavernors of the other North American provinces. TIM QUEEN AND THE ISLE OF MAN.—It is rumoured (says the Liverpool Courier) that it is her Mejesty's intention not only once snore to pay a visit to the Isle of Mau, but to take up her abode there for a por lion or the summer season. The rumour further asserts that Castle Mona is the residence chosen for the future occu pation of royalty, and that a person high in authority is now, or has been lately, inspecting the premises for his royal mis tress, and treating for the purchase thereof. RETURN OF THE DUCHESS OF C.tMBRIDOE.—The Duchess of Cambridge, the Princess Mary of Cambridge, and the Prince of Hesse landed at Dover yesterday morning at an early hour, having made the passage from Calais in an hour and three quarters. The duchess bats been absent on the continent nearly four months. After taking luncheon at Birmingham's Ship Hotel the royal party set out for the railway station, where a special train had been prepared. Baron Knesebeck and the Baroness Hammerstein were in attendance. Royal salutes were tired from the heights on the royal party landing, and also just before the departure of the train. The grenadier company of the 69th Regiment, and the officers of the garrison, were in attendance at the railway station ; the band of the regiment also. Mr. James Walter, superintendent of the South Eastern Railway, re ceived their royal highnesses et the Dover station, and ac companied them through to Croydon, where the royal party entered lour carriages and four and departed for Kew. The distance of 77l miles, from Dover to Croydon, was run in an hour and Ihree quarters. Mr. Cudworth, locomotive super intendent of the railway, drove the engine. COURT OF COMMON COUNCIL. SANITARY IiEGULATIONB.—Deputy Peacock roeeto lay before the court the representations of the Commissioner' of Sewer, of the City of London relative to sanitary matters. It was, he said, necessary that the commissioners should hare more power than they at present possessed before they could carry out the great object they had in view, for although they had made the most extensive sewers all through the City, they could not prevail upon the landlords or the tenants to make drains from their houses into the sewer. Under the act upon which they had been engaged in effecting the im provement, they had caused to be cleansed within the last year 500 dwellings of the most miserable description. It gave him much pleasure to state that the New River Com pany had, upon their application, given a most liberal supply of water, and offered as much as would be adequate to the wants of the poor. There was an evil, however, which it was extremely difficult to surmount. The landlords were in many instances solely intent upon handling their rents, and supplied their poor tenants neither with cisterns nor water butts, so that pure water was still in a great measure denied by the absence of anything capable of containing it. The clerk of the court then read a representation to the above effect, stating that Mr. Remembrancer had been directed to prepare a notice of an application to parliament in the next session for an act to repeal the acts now in force, and to consolidate all their present powers with others which are deemed desirable, and for thus effecting the purposes aforesaid ; and they recommend that they should be em powered to prosecute the came, and to endeavour to obtain an act of parliament accordingly.—Deputy Peacock having moved that the representation be agreed to, Mr. Anderton said he was rejoiced to find that the commissioners of sewers had been brought to their senses. They had been a long time at fault ; but it was better late than never. Twenty years ago what they now advocated ought to ban been done. He trusted that they would henceforward exercise the full power of distributing the advantages of sanitary im provement; and be mast tell them that unless they con. trived to abolish the abomination of smoke, along with the other great causes of bad health and diminished com. forts, they could not congratulate themselves as having accomplished any serious public benefit.—Mr. Blake cautioned the court against being led to extreme mea sures in their anxiety to get rid of an evil which might be counterbalanced by the effect of their exertions. They ought to consider what might be the consequence of pouring the vast excrementitious mass of London into the river, the tide being calculated to move it either way but a few miles. They ought to reflect whether such au accumu lation would not engender pestilence, and whether it would not be more prudent to be influenced by the approaching decision of the scientific men who were employed in the ' experiment of converting the filth of the metropolis into a great productive power over the face of the country. —The report was then agreed to. MEMBER or PARLIAMENT PRIVILEGED PROM ARREST.— The following motion was carried unanimously without dis cussion, upon the motion of Mr. Anderton, seconded by Mr. Wire : " That the court do petition the House of Conn:lnes that the members of that house shall not, by virtue of their being so, be privileged from arrest upon writs of execution issued against them by their creditors for enforcing the pay ment of their judgment debts." SHAloil'EAßE'a HOUSE.—Mr. Lott moved that the sum of 50 guineas be paid by the court to the committee for the purchase of Shakspeare's house at Stratford-upon-Avon, towards the payment of the sum of 3,0001., at which the house has been purchased by them." The discussion was interrupted by the cry of " No court," and, such being the case, the Lord Mayor rose and addressed the members in the following words: As this is the last time I shall occupy this chair, I take the opportunity of saying a few words be fore I leave it. When I entered upon the important duties of the mayoralty, I fully resolved, to the utmost of my power, to maintain all the rights and privileges of this great city, to support its various charities, to maintain the accustomed hospitalities at the Mansioa-house, and to carry out my other most responsible duties as the chief magistrate impartially and humanely. How far I have succeeded in these respects I must leave you to decide. (Cheers.) But I cannot do other wise than allude to tho differences which have unhap pily arisen relative to what was called the Qualification Bill, at the third reading of which I declined to put the question, which bill had been declined by the City alder men, and in which they were sustained by the opinion of, their legal adviser, to be contrary to the laws, customs, and charters of London. Feeling conscious that I was trustee not only for the corporation but for my fellow-citizens at large, I persevered in that determination, and the more so inasmuch as the bill had been repeatedly discs/seed upon its I merits, and declared to be illegal by "the responsible law officers of the corpora'ion ; for so doing I am aware I have given offence to several members of this court ,• hut I felt I could not adopt any other line of conduct, and I have this satisfaction, that ao one can accuse me of say interested mo tires. It has been to me a matter of regret that with a body of gentlemen, for whom individually and collectively I feel a street respect, any difference sheuld have arisen to disturb that harmony and cordiality which it is desirable should exist between the Lord Mayor and the corporation over which he has the honour to preside. Irrespective of this, I can only, in taking leave, o ff er you my best thanks for the support you have given me in carrying out all the other measures which have arisen during ray )ear of office.—The court soon alter broke up. SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING THE AMEND- MEN r OF THE LAW. This society &Idlie firstgeneral meeting for the season, last evening, at the rooms, 2l,Megentatreet. We are gratified to notice a considerable increase in the members of the society, which are now upwards of 300, including be tween forty and fifty members of both houses of the legisla ture, several of the judges, end the most eminent mem ben of both branches of the legal profession. The chair was occupied by Dr. Lushington. The minutes of the last meeting being confirmed, two new members were balloted for and admitted. At the last general meeting, on the 28th of July last, the following subjects had been referred to com mittees, and reports thereon requested ; To consider the propriety of amending the law of landlord and tenant, by giving the tenant a right to compensation for permanent improvements; having regard particularly to the percent rule of Law which prevents an agricultural tenant from removing fixtures. Thnt the committee be requested to direct their valuable labours to the consideration of whither any further alterations can be made In the whole Priem of the jurialiction, pracUoe, and constitution of the Maidens and Masten' Offices, with a view to obtain • more speedy and cheap adininiogation of justice in the Court of Chancery. Mr. STEWART presented the report from the committee on the law of landlord and tenant. After entering at consider able length into the history of the relation of landlord and tenant, and pointing out the changes in that relation which time had brought about, the committee showed the inappli cability of the law as it stood to this altered relation, and expressed their conviction that the law, being prejudicial to the tenant, was contrary to public expediency, which de manded that the utmost benefit should be derived from the land. It had been established, as early ..as the time of Fleury VII., and so held ever since, that buildings erected for the purposes of trade and manufacturing, might be re moved, but not se if erected for agricultural purposes—a distinction palpably unjust ; for a tenant ought not to be required to do more than render up his land in as good a Mate as it was in what he entered upon it. This principle had been to some extent recognised by the bill which Mr. Pulley had introduced last session for the imsrevensent of agricultural tenantyight. In reference to compensation for improvements of the soil—more commonly referred to by the term of " tenant.right"—the committee doubted the practi cability, even the justice, of calling on landlords to pa, f or what they had not bargained to purchase. T here were also difficulties in the way of fixing the rate of compensation for different improvements ...high would vary widely on dif ferent soils. It was but right, besides, that the landlords should have the option of making those improvements them_ selves, if disposed to do so. Where made by the tenants, it wou l d be a matter of great difficulty to estimate the value of the M t _ provementa, whatever test wire applied for the pu rpose Thecommittee were unable to suggest any meth o d o f d • Mpg this which was not open to serious objections. An att empt to obviate these difficulties had been made in the government bill for Ireland ; but its complicated machinery wou ld tea _ der its application to this country very objectionable, o n account of the prolonged litigation to which it wou ld give rise. Under these circumstances, the committee recom. mended to gentlemen who had the power of leasing lands, the importance of rendering those leases as beneficial as Poe. the tenants. aa to anti th .T e h i e r owywneirne disposed to re l y on the terests, and not t o recom. oe sib o l so e o to f landlords mend any legislative interlerer.ce, which might excite alum, As to fixtures, they recommended that the power ofremoval should be fully accorded, the removal to bs effected within a given time, and without injury to the freehold. With re. geed to other improvements, if any ligislation were an tempted, they recommended that it should be carefully guarded by conditions. On the motion that the report should lie received and printed, the chairman expressed his opinion that the report was a very valuable one, and that many of its suggestions were well deserving of attention, though he did not think it necessary that the subject of agricultural improvement should have been discussed at Do great a length, it being one on which must persons were agreed.—The motion was agreed to. Mr. VANstrTART NEALE presented the report of the committee on the practice of the masters' offices in chancery, of which the following ere the principal portions:— For these reasons. this committee arepf opinion that it would be in. expedient to adopt the plan of assigning the work now done by th e masters to the superior judges of the court. But in thus dethei hg against this particular plan, they are by no means 'penned to reed the principle involved in it, that, num ly, of oowfitting the biro, trammeled at chambers to persons who shall M. 0.. th e chmot e t and author ity of judger, whose functions they now practieolly exer cise, regulating all matters in their own courts, and differing from the superior courts only in the greater absence of Remolds. in in their pm. reduce, and and in has - Mg it as part of their Luty to carry into execution decrees pronotineed by the higher mutts. In short, instead of makes the judges set as masters, the think it would be b et t er to arm the masters with the authority of judges. The suitor would in every my (except perhaps:Tolle:Anon/. fur an injunction) bare two courses open to him. Ile might go at once before the master upon a petition in the nature of a Mate of facts, with the power of tninaing any qthstioh ta the MAW before the higher court by way of appeal from the manes decision. Or he might proceed by bill and answer, and oht tin the de. eision of the court upon his ea.!, so far as stun the evidence before the court it was possible to decide it. This drci-ion might sometimes be snot. But often the court would be unable to do more than to de. ears generally the righis of the turtles. The tact., to which Mae right, had to be applied would not be ascertained with •lifflcient pee. eision to make a good decree possible. But in either ease the motes should act am an independent judge in a court of his own ; wren a reference wax made to him by the superior court the claw should be before him, and no longer before that court. All subrequent applao bans in it should be made to him in the first instance. lie shos%l hare full power to originate whatever inquiry or make whatever order he judged necessary to do justice between the parties as fully as the superior court could do Itself, though of course he could not rehear its decree, or make any order incothhstent with it. liver the meta of till proceedings before him he should hare complete wavy with the same restrictions upon the right of appeal for costs as row apply to clectsione of the Vice... Chancellors or Master of the 10011,. The meth of the proceedings in the superior courts it would lie with them to dispose of, either at the original hearing or after the mower had conic to Lis decision on any question refereed t• him. The masters' court, might also, as they do now, useliely assist tic suitors in the superior court., by enaaling them to carry on preliminary inquiries as to parties In the cases before noticed, whim, from the plaintiff having to prove a negative, it is int , possible for hint to establish his case be evidence in Use ordinary way. But these Inquiries ahould not be made under an order of reference foam the superior court. The suitor should he required to /wady the court, by the master's artie r:ate, that the inquiry hall been properly made ; and he should have s right to apply to the master to make the inquiry —a right which might wi II extend to all ease where a reference to the master cat now be obtained before the hearing The forms of procedine is the masters' mutt might he regulated by orders made from tine to time by the majority of the mask r• with the approbition of the Lord Chan. cellor. It would seem to follow naturally from the proposal of making the masts judges, that their court., as all other English court l y should be public, though with a discretionary authority in the mos. ter to hear any particular matter* in private; us it would also be a natural consequence of the same plan that they, like other English judge., should habitually state the reasons of their decisions. Bub considering the opinion which appears to prevail among the masters themselves, and is adopted by so competent a judge a Mr. held, " that two-thirds of the business is better done in a private room , . this committee hesitate to recommend the Rafter.' adoption of poen,' @Hinge, though their own opinion is In favour of making public sit. tinge the rule, and private the exception. New and more conveniently arranged costa :Or the masters, under the same roof with the musts of the superior judge., seem to as an almost indispensable requisite for the complete attainment of a gist sthtent of conducting business before the masters. It will perhaps he objected to this plan that there are cafes, where at the original hes. Mg an sluts tire of decision may be open to the judge. dependent upon the result of proceeding. before the master, and that on the proposed system the judge would he required to decide upon both alternative., though ultimately hie decision mien one only would In required. This committee think, however, that the increased labour to the judge in a few cams ought not to be put into comparison with the advantage to the suitor, in by fur the greater somber, of being eared the necethity of a second aeries applcotion to the court. Again, It may be urged that the facts as they &pmtr at the hearing may not enable the judge to nuke any decision. The reply la, then the hill ought either to be distal:4rd or to Stand ever till clearer evidence in adduced; or, if the court should think it desirable to send the muse before the master, the reference should he made in such terms as would lease the question to be decided by the master in the first inthance, and to come before the superior court only on appeal. But It appears to this committee that the plan of increasing tho powers of the masters has further a great advantage over that of Committing the business now transacted by them to the superior judges, in the facility which It would afford for rewarding ability in I the conduct of that business, by making the maters' courts a recog nised, though not excluaive, rood to the bench of the su p er k w courts. Without in theidightest degree imputingeither to the present or any future judges of thecourte of equity an uthemitility to the nobler mo tives which lead to the faithful discharge of judicial dot ice, this mm. miner thin think that a judge whore only Means of distinction would be the way in which he conducted chamber business, but who by dis playing ability in the conduct of that might reasonably look forward to promotion, would he more likely to conduct that Mothers', wet, than one who, with but slight prompect of any promotion ' would enamel:ay gain little thermos of reputation by attending to his work at chambers, and lose little by neglecting it. It also scents not an. deserving of attention, that it must be easier to secure a certain number of good judges for the superior nouns, and a certain am ber tor the inferior, that to fled the combined number of judges et once equal to the duties of the higher eituation, and willing to attend to those of the lower. The greeter the number of judges required for chamber bthinesa the stronger doer thin argument become. If the masters were tamed into judges, aa propose.) in this report, a considerable saying in the time of the superior courts would probably be effected, by a removal from them of a mass of causes, or matters arising in counts, which would at woe be disposed of by the masters. some advance would thus he made, without any addition to the pre. sent judicial strength of thaw mutts, towards the means of forming court of appeal out of two of the subordinate judges with the Lord Chancellor, or three in his abseriee ; a cowl the f irritation of which would probably conduce much to prevent appeals, though the right d further appeal to the Lords might be retained to preserve uniformity of decision. The appointment of a permanent chief judge in equity would, we conceive, be a valuable addition to such a court lastly, upon the plan of treating the masters as subordinate judges, there would be little difficulty in providing fora possible increase of bushier., either by increasing the number of maidens in London, or by appoint- ing load Master., a. there are local bankrupt cormnissioners; a pima which might also afford facility for the rive roc,' examination of nit res., Greater difficulty would probably be experienced in providing for such an increase of business by incrething the number anthers. Mr. NEALit, after noticing in detail the recommeodations of the report, moved that it should be received. Mr. W. H. CEARRR stated what woo the practice of the masters in Chancery in Ireland, who held an open court, by which the whole system of warrants, so detrimental in this country, was got rid of. He feared the plan recommended in a former report, for transferring the whole business of the masters' office to a judge at chambers, was rot practicable; the most reasonable course was the one now suggested. Mr. J. STEWART advocated the transfer of the business to the judges at chambers, on the ground that the majority of cases would be decided by one man, instead of having to come before two persons, as at present. He contended that Chancery reformers ought to rest satisfied with nothing less than the abolition of the masters' office. At all events the experiment might be tried without injury. The CH AI It3l•Rt doubted the practicability . of trying each an experiment. The judges, instead of having their atten tion confined to questions of law, would be largely occupied with examining minute particulars of fact; and such an et rangement would involve the necessity for a great increase in the number of judges. At the same time be Wu quite in • favour of relieving executors and other persons in trust from the necessity of proceeding by bill and answer. The meters might be made most efficient officers by requiring them to re in within a given time. The report was received, and the proceedings thea termi nated. STATISTICS OF I'AIIPERISII. The population of Sweden amounts to about 3,500,000 souls, and has only 3 mendicants in every 400 persons, while in Norway they reckon 5 out of every 100 ; in Denmark, 4; in Wurtembeig, 5; in Switzerland, 10; in Italy, 13; in France, 14 ; and in the British Islands collectively, 17; although in England separately there are only 10. In France, the number d foundlings supported at the expense of the state was, is 1844, 123,39+, demanding an annual outlay of 6.707,829 f. 12e., or 54f. 6e, a head. In Paris the charitable establishments afford relief to 95,000 paupers. At Berlin the number of mendicants has become doubled between 182: and 1816; the number of families in that capital supported by charity has increased from 2,990 to 3,445 In London it is computed that there are 25,000 persons who daily practise mendicity or robbery.—Galignemi. WEST INDIA INTEREST.—Sir,—In reply to what is usually styled a " dabbing article " against West In dians, which appeared in your columns some weeks since, permit me to make the simple statement of • fact. As account of sales of six hogsheads and two tierces of legit, handed me by my merchant a few days ago, gave me the following results : Duty to government Net proceed. Bl 0 4 A similar male of one hogshead gave For the government duty Net proceed. ll 18 10 giving a proportion in each instance of two4Uths to the government, and of three to the proprietor of the estate; with this difference only, that the government receives the cash : the proprietor has immediately to hand It Ore, to others, to defray the cost of production. The balance-sheet , therefore, of a West Indian estate of 5,00 W. per annum will be as follows : Proceeds of estate Duty to government ...... £2,000 0 0 Cost of production 3,000 0 0 3,000 0 0 Balance for the proprietor 0 0 Prom which it appears that government derives a revenue of 2,0001. per annum from an estate which gives its owner nothing. I appeal to your own sense of ustice, whether this is a right and equitable gate of things ; In conclusion, 1 would propose two questions he your oolutthe ; —ls it not by r are I beio her sure Pen Tito' 1.54 Thr iron ' Foil tot. —I Lin a b M., the and