The Express. — London, England, 1852-11-05 00:00:00

• 2 TR OPENING OF PARLIAMENT. HOUSE OF LORDB.—Tnuasn‘v, Nov. 4. Their lordships assem►led at two o'ciock, obeli the fol• towing noble lords took their seats as commissioners, vie. : The Lord Chaneyllov, the Deku of Northumberland, the Duke of Menthols*, dill Berl of Lonadele, and the Marquis of 8 ilisbery. The usual writ having been resit, the Commons were esatatoaed by the Veber of the Black Rod, and soon made their entiemence in considerah!s numbers, headed by Sir Denis Le Merchant and other MB/me of the house. The LORD CDANCIILLOR thee, in the name of her Majcstyolismimed the snenilmrs of the lower bons* to elect • Speaker, and to same a day fur presenting bun for th, royal anrcer.d. It is end. Wood that the Speaker will be presented to day, at two o'clock. Sesvral of their lordships then proceeded to take the *must oaths upoa the simembiing of a new parliament. 11()USE OF I'ONINIONS.—Turn4n.tr, Nov. 4. A summary cf the following appeared to yestirday's " Faithful Comnims " began to arrive shoe sltsr one o'clock, Mr. Mr. Mamma's, ty Mr. r. C irter, Baron Ituthachild, Mr. 1/1111C142, Mr. Spooner, 1 Rtr Itobirt Inglis, and sundry orw members, being amongst the earlost comers. At a few minutes past two, Sir Augustus Clairol. the Gentleman Usher of the Math Med, dreswd in unit rut, ant bearing his wand of oltiee,opprared Jt the bar, and sum na.ll.o the chief clerk and the house to iitteud at the btu of the !louse of Llrits. Sir Penis le Merchant. followed by • le , er pr. port•no of the member. prcunt, irumeJiatrly left the house in obedience to their mandate. ELECTION OF SPEAKER. After an abs.uce of about tau minutes. Sir PINK Le 111•Atl AA r returned and took hie beat at the table as pro ud. i.t usual a S,maker should be elected. 'the hon. members having taken their plane, 11r. ROBERT I'ALMER rose and said—Sir Denis le blarelotot, at now devolves upon this house, in obedience to hi r finch eye command, to perform its first and one of its most isi.eurtant duties, namely, that of selecting from among it. own body some hoe. member who dunce the present parliament shall till the chair of this hon. assembly —an litho., sir, at all tune• of much responsibility, and not les. so on the present occasion when so many hon. gentle men an returned for the first time to parliament, and who for that ream meet be imperfectly acquainted with the yule. and ploceedioes of this holies. if on the present oc,asion it had been my duty to propose for the considera tion of the house any untried so m b ar—any hon. gentleman who for the first time might be called upon to iliecharge the ins! , otant duties of the chair—though I am well aware that there are many hon. member. who would fully justify any choice that We bouse might think proper to make, still I should have he.itated before I had underteken this task, because I am well aware that a considerable il:gree of re spoolielity attaches smell to any individual who rims to propose • gentleman upon whose ability to discharge the duties of his oiliest the regularity of our proceedings must necessarily depend. I am also well memo that there are many other hon. gentlemen upon whose judgment you might much more tautly rely. But, tir, upon the present oteasein 1 am, fortunately for no self, relieved from any didi.uoy on the suO,ece for I rejoice to see amongst us • right.lim. gentlemen, a friend of mine. the right hon. souther for Nneth Ilants—(loud cheere)—who has filled the chair of ems house during the last 13 years with so much advantage to the country and with so much honour to Mum if (loud cheers)—that the house is lilt in no al iubt, and is relieved from all difficulty in selecting him at once as the beet qualified to fill that high and distinguished situation. Sir, under these circumstances, I do not think it is acces sary to trespass udon the attention of the house—(cheers) — by any enumeration of the duties which attach to the Speaker of that house ; for they are sufficiently well known to most hem. members. Suffice it therefore to say, that in the choice of a Speaker we must look for some inelieulual who has such an intimate acquaintance with the law and practice of parliament as will render him at all times a ready exponent of all those rules and orders by winch our proceedings are regulated; anal will enable us on all OCCA WOOS eontidestly to rely upon his eleci.ion. We mu't like wise look for a person who wiil uphold and defend the an cient tight. and privileges of the House of Commons if they sheuld at any time become the subject of attack from any quarter, for they aro privileges that we ail know arc not greuted to us for our own benefit, but for the benefit of the public by whom we are sent here. We most also look to • ewes who, in the heat of debate, is able to lay aside all party feeling, and who, in presiding ever ear deCtlfAike., will maintain a strict and undeviating impartiality. (Chem) Now, with all the qualifications that 1 have just shortly enume rated, 1 am our. that all who bate witnessed the conduct of my right bon. friend in the chair, will agree with me in saying, that be has proved him self to he most eminently endowed. (Loud cheers.) I thank I may also add that, for upbuielins the dignity of the house. for preserving au unruffled equanimity of temper under all circumstances, and fur his courteous demeanour towards every member, the right hon. gentleman has not been ex ceeded by any of his predemasers. (Loud cheers.) I think I bole said sufficient, therefore, to induce every hon. gentle. man to warm with me in the motion which I am about to make ; belt if I may be permi•ted to my one word to that large sunhat of gentlemen who for the first time hoes been snit here to Inks • part in out deliberations, I am sure that la the denmetion of the private business of the house which will devolve upee them, they will always find my right hoe. friend reedy to samlst them with his advice and experience, la any difilculty that may arise. (Heer, hear.) I rejoice to think that inn the present messianic has not been thought neemeary to make the choice of • Speaker an object of parry I.cling or of political strife. (Loud cheers.) Such CATAIIIO , eILC , I have occurred before, bat for myself, I feel setremely gratified that on this easesio• I am not con strained by soy party _aanadialadena ea sweader those feel ings of private tricadsbip and pgmemal regard which I have for t h e right hon. gentleman. (Cheers.) I am sure that al those who have wito-ssed his past career will agree with ono when I my that his uniform eoaduet in the high sitar -ta he ban filled has more t h an proved the wisdom of the choice that was made in 1839, eenlnned as it has been on two subsequent reessioos by the 110111111iM9110 vote, of this house. I trust that the house upon the Ramat OeCaleell is about to exhibit the same degree of unanimity, and that we shall plate the right hon. gentleman in the chair without a dissentient voice. (Cheers.) We aka/Iglus be offering to the right honourable gentleman the only reward that is in our power for the eminent services which be has &heed: rendered us, and, 1 doubt not, he will be reedy again to reader, with equal seal and ability—oar vices that will become yet mere valuable from his Meer impudence. (Cheers.) I think I shall now be best con. saltine the feelings of the hoses by moving that the Right Hoe. Charles Shaw Lorene do lake the chair as Speaker. (Loud awd lonircentinosd theers.) Lord R. OKOSVKNOS—fiIe Deals Le Marebant, I claim the indulgesee of the hams for • few moments, in order to second the motion that has been made by the hon. mentOor for Berkshire; sad I have dim so in accordance with te. etch of the right beet. gentleman opposite, who said that as his right has. frisad the member for North liasts bad formerly belonged to the party sitting on this aide of the how*, it would be more agreeable to him, and at the seine time it would be more expressive of that ens- Dimity of opinion which it is most desirable should be seen to-diy .n selecting out highest officer, if the sootiest were seconded by • member of her Majesty's opposition. I en tirely concur with the propriety of that sentiment; and my only regret is that the right honourable gentle man did not make the application to some gentleman more calealated than myself WM,. weight and authority to the reemastendation, nod to one that might more fairly be be looked upon as the organ—the unofficial organ—of that party with whom I have the hamar to act. I say the an off.cial organ of that parq, because it is sot usual for any gentleman holding high.fes , or who has been connected with bigh office, to propose or second a candidate for the chair. But, be that as it may, it gives me the sincerest satisfaction to have this public opportunity afforded me of bearing my testimony to the manner in which my right hon. friend, Mr. :Shaw Leferre, km performed the arduous duties which have devolved upon Lim. I am sure than I am giving utterance not only to my own feelings, but to the feelings of every hon. gentleman around me, when I say that we are proud that my right hon. friend has sprung from the rank, to which we belong; and, now that he has laid aside all party feeling, we are still more proud of him a. • membir of that legislature of which we are all mem bers. (Loud cheers.) The qualifications of the right hon. gentleman are so well known, not only to those who have had the advantage of taking a part under his auspices in the business of this house, but also to the public at large, that it would be a work of supvserogation in Me to dilate at any length upon them ; and certainly upon this recession it would be extremely so after the good taste and ability with which the hon. member who preceded me hasepoken. (Cheers.) Bat before I sit down I should like to make on. remark, which I hope the house will notson. eider altogether foreign to the subject. It is said to lene of the infirmities to which human nature is liable to give an undue, said perhaps exaggerated, prominence to events w hi c h era peeping around us ; but, if I have any doe appreciation of events at all, there has hardly over been in the history of the world a more important crisis than that at which the imperial legislators is summoned together for the despatch of business. At • time when the liberties of Ramjet, and the rights of free, full, and open discussion (and I might almost say, the rights of public opinion), bang t of this L a re " ad- i ;at de a epi m y o i tent y. o d f this sort, character om us to ace with unusual prudence, calmness, awl wisdom. I think that we should take the utmost pains that the liberty of free thought and free discussion, that we have so long and so happily enjoyed, may not be abused for any personal, party, or factious purposes ; hut that we should gaud that right, which has heen committed and which is now committed to us. it is seareely any eras e-ration to my, for the benefit of mankind at large I (Cheers.) If this be the position in which we now stand, and which I think I gather front the assent with which them remarks seem to be received by at team a portion of the house is felt to be the ease, it is a matter of great re jolting for us that we can avail naming of the services of a man whose high standing and discriminating judgment— whose large and varied experience —anal whose indefatigable attention so eminently quelify him to be the moderator o f our discussions, and to preside over our debate., at a period, recollect, at which, if there were no other disturbing causes than those to which I have adverted, the nicely balanced state of parties alone would render the office one of very great difficulty and delicacy indeed. (Loud cheers.) 1 Wlll not trespass any longer upon the attention of the hens*, but I shall conclude by seeandiag the minion of the has. Member for Berkshire, whose pro position 1 understand to be, that the most It and proper gentleman to be plated in the chair is my right hoe. friend the member fur North Haub—• man who, arnr4lt • long series of years, while 'maintaining to the almost the inde pendence, the honour, and d;gitity of this Uwe, has been enabled to demean himself so as equally is conciliate the good-will, the respect and esteem of every member of every elms and every party in this house. (Load sheen.) Sir R. INGLIS—Sir Denis Le Merchant, I rise to ton gra•sdate the right hose gentleman, but my feeling is to congratulate far mnra warmly the house by whom he is about to be cloned. (Hear, hear.) In our presence, in the presence of so many hon. gentlemen o blong experience, it is needless to add a single word a• to the personal qualifi cations of the right hen. gradient°. It is perhaps not un necemary, however, to recall to the recollection of some hon. members, and to state to others, the very different amount of time and labour which are now required of the Speaker of this house from what used formerly to be the case, though that time and that labour have bun bestowed most cheerfully and most beneficially upon the public service. (Hear, hear.) Why, souse hundred years ago the Speaker had not, perhaps, one tenth part of the labour which now devolves upon the or cupaut of that chair. A hundred years ago there were not above three debates and fifteen divisions in • session ; but lust )I,lr we had 212 divisions, and the Speaker, whom 1 trust shortly again to address in that chsrrcter, has sat in the coons of his occupancy of the office no lees than 13,000 hours in that chair. (Loud laughter and cheers.) When you say that one speaker tilled the chair during the whole reign of George 1., and another during the entire reign of George 11., 1 say that the right hon. gentleman has com pressed into the period of has service more labour, more attention, and more sucetuful energy than any of his pro decemon. (Loud cheers.) 'Llimete.re, sir, knowing whet he has been, and rejoicing to see am still enjoying such health as may justify us in hoping that he will continue to render us his services with equal seal and success—having heard one hon. gra:essan on the ministerial benches pr pose and ano:her hon. gentleman on the opposition side second him—as no one else rose, I telt it my dui), as an old member of this hours—(cheers)—to endeavour to etpress the feelings of gratitude towards him which I believe are sharel with me by a large majority of the house. (Cheers.) 1 hope that every individual who has had cape risen of the right boa. gentleman's conduct will express their sentiments by their vie, and that those who have not had elperienee will have confidence in those qualities,- thins which so pre-enidsentiv lit him for the chair. (Cheers.) I cordially concur in the motion. (Loud cheers.) - - . A slight pause ben ensuing, and a cry of "Question" being • • - - Mr. UV MI: said that the right hon. gentleman hasiog been proposed and seconded, it now became the duty of tlist clerk of the house to put the question. 'That h trine bent carried, the mover and seconder ought then to had the right hoe. gentlemen to the chair. Sir Dents Lt AI•ICHANT accordingly put the motion, which was carried unanimotudy. Mr. LEFEVRE—Perhaps before the question is put the house will indulge me by allowing me to make one observa tion. It is not nemeesary for me to say that I highly value the friendship and regard which can alone have suggested the complimentary tense in which the hon. gentlemen have done me the tumour to introduce my name; and I hope it is equally unnecessary for me to assure the house, that 1 have not only listened to the speakers, but I bare witnessed the very flattering reception which the house has been pleased to accord to me, with feelings of unfeigned oratitude. (Cheers.) The experience of more than thirteen years has confirmed the opinion which I held soon after 1 entwined a seat in parliament, not only of the value and importance of those privileges which, as the hon. member for Seri:shire has said, are enjoyed bytb.s house for the benefit of the people at large—(cheers)—but also of the practical wisdom by which the forms and orders of the I house have been [rimed for the regulation of our proceed- ' logs, and for the due and proper conduct and discharge et the public business. But, sir, that experience has also taugat me the enormous amount of responsibility which attaches to that individual to whom the guardianship of those and the enforcement of those forms and orders have been entrusted. (Hear, hear.) My hon. friend the member for the University of Oxford (Sir It. Inglis), whose long standing and the respect in which he is held in this house so well entitle him to pronounce an opin ..... utwn a subject of this nature, has stated the anxious and labo rious duties which are now attached to the office of the Speaker. They are such that I should almost, even after the experience to which I have referred, hesitate to under take them, were it not that I feel there is day from me to the house a debt of gratitude for the unvarying kindness which 1 have received from it during the penod of my view in the chair ; and, were it not above all, that I enter , tain a strong conviction thetas' honest determiaation on my • part faithlully and impartially to discharge the duties which the odic, will impose upon me will meet not only with the indulgence but with the cordial support and co-operation of the house. (Loud cheers.) With these few observations 1 shun bow to the decision of the house whatever that may be. (Loud cheers.) The question, however, was not again put, but, amidst loud applause, the right hen. gentleman was at once con ducted by Mr. Palmer end Lord it. Grosvenor to the chair. Having taken his seat, he said—As it has been the pleasure of the house again to place me in this chair, 1 trust that they will permit me to express the sincere obligation I feel to them for this additional mark of thek confidant* and esteem ; and I beg to assure them that these repeated marks of kindness will, it possible, redouble my anxiety to devote every energy in my power to their service. (Lund cheers.) The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER—Mr. , Speaker, It now becomes my gracious duty to cougrata.a.e you, sir, upon having received the highest hon:ur whit English gentlemen can confer upon one of their number who possesses their confidence and esteem. Those hon. gentlemen who have preceded a• have intimated the great and eminent qualities necessary to be possessed by one who fills the situation you now occupy, and it is unnecessary for me, remembering that during the four p aliment,' of the Queen yon have occupied the same chair, myself to refer to that; but knowing the courage with which you can vindicate our privileges, the firmness with which you can maintain the order of the house and of our debates, and the spirit of impartiality which always guide, your conduct, I may, perhaps, having had the honour of a seat in this house when you were first elected, and having been a member in the interval, I may, perhaps, without presumption, notice one trait in your character which I have often observed, and which I believe entitles you to our increased confidence and trait. It is this. I have always observed that at those conjunctures which oc casionally occur when may, routine cannot guide an indi vidual, and when you have been taken at the moment, your resources have never faded. You have always been sustained by sufficient of that self-retinues and self-re spect which are necessary at such a crisis. (Chars.) There is one other reason which I think renders it a subject of great congratulation to the house and the country, that our choice to-day his fide* upon yea, air. I cannot but re member that this is not only a new parliament, but that the individual on whom, from his position, the practical control and government of its busbies. rests, is admitted by all to have hardly had that nifiteient experience which is necessary for the poit I occupy ; and although I feel confi dent that whenever the order or the honour of this house are concerned, so long as I sit hem I shall never appeal in vain to hoe gentlemen on whstever aidie they may bit, still I feel that, under the circumstances, the selection we have made is one upon which the house is much to be congratulated— falling, as it does, upon an individual who possesses not onljithe confidence of the house, but who has frequently and repeatedly received the approbation of our most gra cious Sovereign. (Load dorm) Lord J. RUSSELL—Sir, I may be allowed to add one word to what has been said by the right hon. gentleman. I feel it is a matter of the greatest importance and of the greatest good fortune that at this particular period, when there are so many Dumber' in this house without experience in its debates, we should have to preside over our discus sions one who has already shown his qualifications for the eminent post he occupies, and who, whenever it his been nee/mare to enforce the rders and rules of the house, has done so *Rh such judgment, and at the same time with such courtesy, as always to obtain the willing obedience even of those who seemed most inclined to infringe the rules. (Loud sheen.) I will only add one further remark, and do so because the right hon. gentleman opposite has alluded to his short experience in the conduct of businern. I feel persuaded that I am "peeking on the part of other honourable gentlemen, and at all events I give him an assurance on the part of mrelf, that say assistance in carrying on the business of the house, which the house can render to the right hon. gentleman, will be cheerfully and readily given ; hecause I feel it Is of the utmost importance that we should cautinue to set that *sample which we have hitherto done for more than two centuries, of a deliberative "suitably which can carry on its discussions with the utmost freedom, and at the same time with the utmost regard to propriety and decorum. (Loud cheers.) THE SPEnli Elt'S LEVEES. Mr. TIC MR said he &mold have then perfectly satisfied with the speeches which he had heard, had it not been for a request which he had been asked to make on behalf of several hon. members. The right hon. gentleman (the Speaker) hsd not yet given them an opportunity of doing that which he (Mr. Hume) was most entices to see more frequently carried out, namely. of paying their respects to him as Speaker, (Laughter.) Ile looked upon the right hon. gentleman as the first commoner in the land. (Some interruption, in consequence of which the Speaker, for the first time this parliament, called " Order "") lion. gentlemen were pre cluded from attending the Speaker's levees, in order to pay their respects to him ns the fist eommoner in the land, by a practice which he (Mr. Hume) considered to be not in ac cordance with the original constitution. lie could attend upon her Majesty to present the addresses of the house in his ordinary attire—(laughterl—but ho was not enabled to pay his respects to the Speaker in his common dress. (More laughter.) lion. gentlemen might laugh; but Mr. Aber erousby, when speaker. seceded to a similar request to that which hewn making on the part of several members. (No.) lie could assure theist that, as far as dinners went, he should not often trouble them. (Renewed laughter.) There were 00 members, and he wished to see the Speaker's levers attend, il, not by .10 or 100, or 150, but by a major part of the house. No man could be mare ready or anxious than hi.nself to support the nibs and ...Men of the house; the stiiet übstivance of which he considered e•sent,al to the maintenance of its hi;11 character; and no one wished less to detract from the honour and respect which were due to the Speaker; but it was because he thought these would be both promoted by acceding to the request which he was now making, that he was induced to take thin, the tint opportunity, of communicating to the right hos. gontleinan the wishes of those iambus who bad desired hit• to mention the subject. Mr. F. MACKENZIE reeved that the honest do now ad journ till oreborrow (this day), at two s'elnek in the after MOIL The h. amerdiagly 44earniod at a few adman before this.. /Eire enarego. TO OORRISPON DENTS. _sorses__ A occood Nikko .f "ils• £ i," couralolog the sow cosePles t;Wtt.,"t pukilokat goofy Toooday Pridg olikt. r woo No cook tJorttloosootolatorliod tar "The Eamon." Cello [..Wt vapor, „A m s As office, 11, llosoorloosroot. too o'slook on ilk* Gay of prlallootiork NIGH WATIE AT LONDON BRIDOIL ten D.. 71. Is A "'pm)" 711.345. r.tittats—stetlti. tt. 7s. A smut. Vt. Is. THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 5, 1852, LONDON, FRIDAY. NOVEMBER 5. THE Autumnal Session promised by Lord DEeur has begun. It cannot have been forgotten how re luctantly that promise was made, or bow many eve /dons, and twisting', and shuftlings were resorted to in order to escape from the pledge. For the pledge was not only that the new Parliament should be summoned to meet during the autumn, bat that it should be called together for a opecific purpose—no less a purpose than that of deciding finally and for ever whether Protection was right ur wrong in prin ciple—just or unjust in practice—a wise and honest thing, or a folly and a fraud. It was doubtless a bitter cup for Lord beeliy and his followers to contemplate their having to swallow.; but the hand of the Oppeattion , however wavering on other occasions, was firm on this, and the pledge was gulped with the desperate courage that belongs to reckless men when no re source is left them but to do what they are called upon to perform. And now at length in the fulness of time the great council of the nation has assembled for the despatch of business; and on all hands it is agreed that the business they are specially met to undertake and to perform is the funeral—not of an illustrious soldier who in ripe old ago has quietly descended to the tomb—but of an obsolete and hated system of monopoly, condemned and executed for its sins long ago, but which the fatuity of its minions has insisted upon embalming and parading about the less frequented and intelligent portions of the country for the meanest and most mischievous of pur poses. The outraged sense of the whole country demands that this miserable and mercenary masquerade should be brought to en end. The de -I,unciation by Mr. MACAULAY of socialism, commu nism. and every other dke ism ' as being in plain English "robbery," is equally applicable to the landlord variety of the same pestilent doctrine which would attempt to settle the rate of profits by law. Protectionism is in plain English "robbery," or it is nothing. Hence the indefinite postponement of its obeequies by those who lived and throve by it when iu vigour, and their credulous or cunning prophecies of its miraculous resurrection. They live traded on this vexatious deception for six long years. They have, under thin false pretence, exacted higher rents than by their own confession could reasonably be demanded from the tillers of the soil under a system of free imports. The swindle has been tolerated long enough,—or rather, indeed, considerably too long. But common decency and public honesty require that it should at last come to an end, and that forth with and for ever. It will not be endured that new terms of surrender should be entered into. If anybody ventures, said Mr. COBDEN at Manchester, to talk about "compensation," we shall meet him by insisting upon the claim of the people for reimbursement of all they were robbed of from 1813 to 1845. That is the first demand for "compensation" which the landed aristocracy may be fairly called upon to meet. They forced a law through a rotten-borough Parliament at the close of the war for the avowed purpose of raising their own rents, and because a wiser Parliament repealed that iniquitous law thirty years afterwards, they have the effrontery to set up claims to what they term " compensation r Why, the compeneation-.- the only compensation—is due by them, not to them ; and they ought to consider themselves only too for tunate that they have hitherto escaped being called upon to make restitution in some form or other. But this is not all. There is, as c c have already hinted, a peculiar class to whom compensation might I with more then ordinary show of justice be voted as dac from the owners of the soil. We mean the tenant farmers, who have been compelled to pay during tho last six years the old corn law rent for their land. When Lord GRANBY announced in 1818 that with wheat at 405., the occupiers of the soil could not be honestly asked to pay the rents they covenanted to pay when acts of parliament professed to guarantee 60s. to 70s. • quaeter—he told an awkward truth, which not all the sophistry of Mr. DISRAELI, nor all the bullying of Major BERESTORD can obliterate from the agricultural mind. Either the rent under Protection was enor mously too high, or the price of wheat under Free Trade was too low to enable the grower to continue the same rate of payment. In either case compensa tion is therefore plainly due by Lord GRANBY'S own confession on the part of every landlord who has helped to keep up the plundering cry of a possible return to Protection during . the last six years. Hat as for compensation in any new form of taxes upon industry in exoneration of property, the notion is too impudent and too palpably dishonest to be lis. tend to for an hour. Cheap food—food as cheap as we 'could anywhere buy it with the produce of our toil—was • right withheld which wo reclaimed in 1846. Are we now to be told that we are to payl six or seven shillings in the pound compensation for the reluctant and tardy restitution of what was rightfully our own? If any such proposition or any reservation of the power to make such a proposition li hereafter in any juggle of taxation be made by the government, issue must beloined at once thereupon, and the question brought to a trial. For it is self evident that all we have gained by the triumph of the Anti-Corn Law agitation, and the legislation of recent years, is in jeopardy if the impudent condition is to be reesignised in any shape or form, that we are liable to the payment of pecuniary penalties to an indefinite amount for the attainment of tbo blessings we so dearly prize. If compensation be just, then Sir ROBERT PEEL was only unjust in repealing the Corn Law unconditionally, but his noble sacrifice of himself and his personal friends to the public good was worse than vain. Let Lord DERBY and his colleagues assert this boldly, if any spark of politi cal manhood :casein, in them ; and let the Parlia ment they have themselves called together decide the matter. Packed and paid for, as a certain sec tion of that assembly is, we hesitate not in exprese_i ing our readiness to abide by its decision, provided the question be only fairly stated, and be "in plain English " put before it—ls the great settlement of 1816 to stand, or is is to be unsettled and upset at the instance of the landlords ? THE working lan of Birmingham seem to be settling the question of progress, in one direction, at least. Whether the world in general has or has not got on in wisdom and social virtue, it is clear that ' the woelcing men of Birmingham have. Sixty-ono years are a short time in the history of progression. It is sixty-one years since the Birmingham workers in iron and brass, attended by a screaming rabble of dirty children, and reinforced by strong-armed female nailmakers from the neighbourhood, plunged along the streets of the town to burn and destroy. ' They were told that certain citizens, at a po litical dinner, had cut the king's head off, and put it on their table; and the simpletons be lieved it. Then they broke, not only tavern win dows, but Dr. PRIESTLEY'S philosophical apparatus. Not only did they demolish tables and chairs, but they tore up manuscripts to such an extent that the fragments lay inches thick upon the ground. They carried a spit, on which they wanted, they said, to roast the doctor. Some of them died by drinking themselves stupid in the cellars of houses which they had set on tire, and which, of course, fell in upon them. Others lived to grow wiser; and, again, others did not grow wiser, but died, as they hod lived, the slaves of High Tory and High Church masters. Forty years brought about a great ehange. By that time- the great Newhall street meeting had taken place, which looked like an assemblage of the whole nation, to declare its will in favour of Parliamentary Reform. The Duke of WELLIN(iTON bad taken care to have the Scotch Oreys ready in their barracks to take this multitude in hand, on the first appearance of violence; but this multitude was no mob. A hundred thousand men sang their Union hymn, pledged their faith in an oath taken with united voices, and went home, where the news canto to them in due course that Reform of Parliament was obtained. We now, after twenty years more, find these men of Birmingham again at work upon reform ; but this time they do not want to reform the Reformers, as they did sixty years since, nor to reform the Tories as they did twenty years since. This time they want to reform themselves. They want to add to their know kir, to improve their health, to elevate their homes an households, by obtaining a little leisure. This is just the time for the effort, and we are glad that they arc awake to the opportunity. The workmen of Mr. J. FREAMON, of Gas-street, Birmingham, have agreed with their employer that they shall work half an hour extra on five days of the week, in order to obtain the Saturday afternoon for their own pur poses. The mon so heartily enjoy this change, that they have chosen a committee front among them selves, who are charged to address the employers and employed of their town on behalf of an extension of the scheme. We have no doubt the thing will be done. There is diflieulty, especially iu large esta blishments, in changing old habits and practices; and some of the Birmingham manutactures arc of a kind which cannot be brought to a stand at dinner time on Saturday; but, in the face of so much obvious good, there will doubtless be on effort to extend the arrangements of Sunday Luck, so as to include another !.elf day, which we should imagine must be as welcome to the manufacturer as to his men. The first picture presented by the committee, and by the reader's imagination, is of decent men, Amen and washed, taking a long walk with their families through the Moseley fields and the Handsworth lanes, or basking in the Botanic Garden; or else poring elven book in some library or reading-room. We hope those things will be; but there are other things to be done on Saturday afterpains, perhaps as important, and less likely to be thought of Some, at least, of the men, now go home very late on Satur day nights,—dirty and acury from their toil,—with their pockets pretty full of money. The children have lung been asleep; indeed, 'their father has', hardly seen them an alto since last Sunday. The wife is waiting eagerly for the money, with which she rushes out to—the only mar ket she ever goes to —the huckster's shop. There, in a crowd of women like herself, in the flare of a dancing gaslight, and in haste, /rho buys all that she wants, of every sort. There is every variety of article, but no choice about any one article • and there is the huckster's profit to pay, and hi s indemoi fication for bad debts, over and above the market price of the article. When she comes home, she may probably find that her husbaud is out. If not, ho cannot have had a very comfortable evening in her absence. The ease is worse if she, too, has been at the factory, and came home late; and it is worse still if, to meet the necessities from had housekeep ing, the Sunday clothes have been in pawn since Monday morning, and have to be re deemed to-night—under another flare of gas, and emitted a still less agreeable crowd than at the huckster's. Hero is nothing ready for Sun day's comfort, and the leisure of Sunday must begin late in the day. plow different, if the wages are laid on the dinner table ut uoou ! The wife has the range of the markets, and by daylight. This method of purchasing—which is that of the em ployers of the town—must bo a saving of some pounds in the year. There arc some hours over for sewing and cleaning on the wife's part ; and many arc the small rep a irs and important comforts which a handy man may bless his home with by means of half a day in the week. leaving still some time for reading and sport. We hope that matter of sport is what these men will next tarn to. There is nothing that they want more, and nothing about which we are more clumsy, in this very serious atre in which we live. Heading is noble mid charming when the frame is fit to enjoy it, but it is a mere anxiety to one whew eyes and brain are jaded, whose lungs need fresh air, and whose social faculties crave their miter:A gratification. While those who are tired in muscle by muscular I , labour sit in a charmed state over their books, we should like to see the sedentary chasers and mo dellers, and all who habitually sit poring over blind ing processes, emulatin 4 each other in gymnastic or military exercises, in riding, in cricket, leaping, wrestling, or whet exercise they will that will quicken their blood Ind exhilarate their spirits. One probable result of the ex'ension of the change of working hours is the introduction of new inventions and mechanical improvements. Tho most prolific' cause hitherto of mechanical invention has been workmen's strikes, and the next has been workmen's leisure. The immediate effect of a strike is to stimulate the empleyer's party to contrive substitutes tar human labour; and no one can tell the value of leisure so well as the poor man who has an idea that he wants to bring to maturity. In stances abound in the history of the last hundred years of men xho have given up their employment and lived in a garret on bread and water, or little more, in order to work out their conception of some great invention. Some such men doubtless exist among the multitude who are now likely to call six good fresh week day hours their own ; and such may themselves now shut themsees up with their tools and devices without fear of reproach from wife or child for trilling with their chance of bread. The em ployers may gain in this way ; and we are strongly of opinion that they will luau in no other. They will find the quality of the work done compensate for the shortening of the time. In America, where men work as long as they please and no longer, there are heavy days' works done by mechanics and operatives.. A stranger, who saw them asleep for a couple of hours in the heat of a July day, might take them to be as lazy as Neapolitans; but they arc only avoiding a coup dc sukil : and they go home to supper, has lag turned off an amount of work that any Englishman might bo proud of. The movement seems to be a very extensive one at present, and to be still spreading. The well-known Mayor of Southampton, Mr. ANDREWS, has won the hearts of his men by a generous and considerate re arrangement of the hourspf labour; and Mr. GRANT, a brother coach-builder, has followed the good example. Half a dozen railway companies have agreed to collect and receive no more goods ter the luggage trains after 7 o'clock in the evening, in the great towns of Yorkshire. Their servants will do their fatiguing work all the better for being sent home at a certain and a reasonable hour ; and the trains may probably improve in punctuality under the change. The companies expect and claim to be served with thorough zeal during the day ; and no doubt they will immediately observe an in creasing energy iu men who aro no longer harassed with late bourn. In the large towns the early closing question is rapidly advancing towards a settlement, from the movers having at their back the great power of emi gration. They aro in the new condition—new to men • born since the peace—of being individually and collectively valuable, so as to be worth r .tainiug by concession. They aro wise in using their new prerogative of aelf.disposal in contracting for no more than a reasonable amount of toil. The shopmen have a right to impose upon purchasers the obliga tion tb do their shopping within the compass of the proper working day ; and clerks are reasonable in consulting the health of their brains, by closing their books before they are wholly stupitied with figures. The evidence of the time shows that there is reasonableness also among the employers. Days arc coining on which will be important to the interests of the employers of labour and skill, sod which will settle all doubts as to whether masters and men are friends or foes—in particular firms, and in a general view. We rejoice in every piece of evidence that they are friends, ns philosophy and science declare that they should be; and among the tests of this friendliness, none can be more certain or more agree able than the readiness and grace with which the party, hitherto the more powerful, finds it possible t.) agree with the humbler on the hours of labour which are reasonable for both. ZuOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. —At the monthlT general meeting, held yesterday at the Society's house, in Hanover.squam Dr. J. E. Gray, vice•president, in the chair, Messrs. H. B. H ea th an d 11. Whit° were elected fellows, and B. A. It. Nicholson, Esq., M.D., as a corresponding member of the society; and his Eacellecey the Count Colored°, the Countess Coloredo, Hon. Mr. I'owys, sod /deists. 8. C. Lakemann, J. E. Cole, and 0. Wheatley, were proposed as candidates for the fellowship. FRANCE. THE COMING EMPIRE. PARIS, Tzt iumAY, 8 r.w. The Senate met to-day, when ten members de manded that the people should be Lunsulted se to the re-establishment of the Empire. M. Foald, Minister of State, declared that the Government did nJt oppose the proposition, which was referred toe special commission, whose report will be presented on Saturday. (BY SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH.) (VOWS ULM OWN rORUESCONDRNTI PARIS, FILIDAT MOILNINO. In a message to the Senate, the President says : " The nation has just openly manifested its will to re-establish the empire. If you adopt it you will think no doubt with me that the constitution of 1652 ought to be maintained, and then the modification considered as indispensable will by no means alter the fundamental busis." A morning paper says : In the message of the sorrow of the President we find these words: " Indeed, it the re-establishes, nt of the empire the people finds a guara, tee fur its rights aid O ItatillfiletiOD to itajust pride; this roustablisliment is * security for the future, closing, as it does, the era of revolutions, and MIN-- orating again the conquests of 1789. It satisfies it• just pride, because, rais.ng again freely and deliberately what nil Europe 37 years ago destroyed by force of arms amidA the illusion of the country, the people nobly revenges its re verses, without 'wising any victim, without threatening any independence, and without disturbing the peace of the world." Our own correspondent's letter of lust evening is as folio ~a: PARIS, THIGUIDAY EVENING. All the courts of law were opened esterday at the I'alais de Justice with the solemnities usually ob served upon the resuniption of business after the long vacation. In tlw Court of Cessation the three new judges, MM. Donis, Jullon, and Aylies, took their seats. 'fho procureungeneral, M. Delangle, with considerable ingenuity made the ceremony an occasion for pronouncing a long oration in praise of Count Muraire, a former president of the court, whose last act in that character was to congratulate the emperor upon his return from Elba. After the battle of Waterloo Count Moraire was dismissed. Ile afterwards lived in retirement, and died so lung ago as 1837. It is eustomaiy for the procurcur-general at this court to pay a tribute to the memory of any member of it who way have died in the course of the past year. It appears that, owing to circumstances now as th.froughly forgotten by the public as the deceased judge himself, It was not thought necessary by the members of the Court of Cessation of fifteen years ago that the usual spetrle should be made upon the death of M. Muraire. M. Delatigle, much to the natonishment of many of his auditors, supplied the omission, and cleverty con trived to pay homage to the principle of Napoleon ism and Napoleon's last favourite chief magistrate at the same time. The Court of Appeal of Paris Toted the following address to the President: Monsiegneur,—The magistrates of the Court of Appeal of Paris were anxious to resume theirlabours, in order to join, by a solemn manifestation, in the prodigious movement of public opinion, which leads France to new destinies. Great things are in preparation; the nation is about to found its future, still too fragile; and whilst waiting for the political corps to join their deliberations to the acclamations of the people, it raises its hopes towards the desired event which will consolidate its force and i.s grandeur by the stability of its institutions. Fur us, monscigneur, who owe to the high conceptions of the Emperor, your uncle, our judicial organ. isation, the most perfect in Europe ; for us, wbo live in the meditati• n of his admirable code and of his fins st laws, we shall behold with delight the times marked by the genius of order and by the wisdom of the legislator repeated under your pacific auspices. it is with these sentimeats that the Court of Appeal of l'aris, offers you, utonseigneur, the ;is surauce of its respect and fidelity. The following address was voted by the Tribunal of Premiere Instance of the Seine : Monseigneur,—Universal acclamations have accompanied your Imperial Highness in the tour welch you have just ma le, and have transformed that tour into a triumplvinl march. The whole country has saluted in you not only the heir of the greatest name in modern times, but, above all, the Prince, who, with that calm firmness, which is the I characteristic of force, has known how to raise the govern ! went from the abasement into which our political revel ' lution had precipitated it. France has spoken ; she desires for the chid of the state a title which has no longer anything vague or uncertain, and which shall be of itself a pledge of stability. Toe empire hula& a all the national glories and sympathies. The tribunal of the Seine, at the moment whin it meets for the first time, and resumes its labours, desires to inaugurate them by hastening to join in so many wishes so energetically expressed. Your devoted ness to Emcee will determine you, Prince, to accept this title of Emperor, which she offers you in order to complete the work of regeneration which you have so gloriously un• dcrtaken. The Moniteur oontains the following official con tradiction of a report, which, bince the coup trjtal, has frequently been circulated and generally believed, that the government intends to reform the privileged professions : Rumours are again in circulation tending to disquiet notaries, agents de change, and other :Moist, riot officers, relative to the intentions of the government with respect to their privileges. These rumours have no foundation what ever. Tile government is determined to show us much per severance in denying them r.s malevolence is obstinate in disseminating them. It is in contemplation to execute a railway, starting from Nevem on the Vierzou line to the Pyrennees, to join the Spanish railways. ITALY. The Piedmontese Gazette, of the let, officially announces the resignation of the Azcglio cabinet, and states that the King has already had conferences with several persons tor the formation of a new ministry. The Opinione of Turin, of the I st,states that nothing isas yet decided as to the new Piedmontese cabinet, but that Count Revel and Count Bathe waited on the King on the 31 st ult. It was rumoured afterwards that Count Revel had declared his readiness to enter into the new ministerial combination, provided his positions were well defined. His programme is said to be: let, the dissolution of the Chamber ; :idly, the modi fication of the present electoral qualification ; 3dly, the fixing of a qualification for deputies; Wily, the reduction of the number of deputies to 60. Another rumour was current, viz., that M. D'Azeglio had again been summoned to court. TUSCANY. The Grand Duke of Tuscany has created a consul generalship at Amsterdam, and appointed M. Ileukensfeld-Slagbeek to that office. Tho Monitore Toseano publishes a report of the Minister of Finance on the budget of Tuscany of 1831. Tho receipts amounted to 6 . 7 millions of francs, whilo the expenses did not exceed 38 mil lions of francs, leaving a surplus of 29 millions. ROMAN STATES. Our Roman correspondent, writing on the October, states that nine of Murray's fellow prisoners were shot in the Lazaretto of Ancona on the 23th ult. Mogi arrests had been made at Albano. The Austrians refused to take less than 1,200,000 dollars for their demand. GERMANY. The Nene Prussian (Ant.lee states that the deputa tion that is to represent the l'russian army at the funeral of the Duke of Wellington, consists of Gene ral von Noatiz, adjutant to the King, and commander of the sth regiment of Hussars (litucher'a); Lieut.- General von Scharnhorst, and Lieut.-General von Maasow-Steinhofol. General von Nostiz, in the campaign of 1815, was adjutant to Marshal Blucher, and accompanied him to England on the visit of the allied sovereigns. He is an old friend of the prt sent commander-in-chief, Lord Hardinge, who, in the military operation. that preceded and followed Waterloo, WAS the English commissary at Blucher's head quarters; General von Scharnhorst and General von Maasow served under the Duke of Wellington in Spain. Besides the presence of these officers, the kite Duke's Prussian regiment (the 2sth Infantry) will be represented by a deputation of officers, hut f og of how man it will con s i s t is not ye t d eterm i ne d . The Co ne Gazett e h as th e f o ll ow i ng f rom Munich, 30t ult. The news that negotiations had been opened between M. Prokeach d'Osten and t'.e Baron de Manteuffel, in order to come to an arran g , ment on the customs' question, has been already e , ;1.. tradicted. We now learn that nu ono state of O m coalition has sought to come to any understanding. with Prussia, who on her side has allowed the runt to rest in stain quo. It is, however, certain that IF, allies of Darmstadt have fixed on the following p: iht, relative to the conferences of Vienna;-1. The a. 14.1 states will ratify the 'inject of Vienna , letter t', 911 the Ist January, 1+451. they will enter into a cus toms' union with Austria. 2. The path toa m-unia with l'russia will remain open. 3. The rts,futions which shall lie adopted wilt not be considered as d.,.. finitive unless Prussia, before the Ist January, 184 1 shall not show herself disposed t o ac e d e to the coal ditions which tho coalition had made at Berl's. There are also other points, but they arc less im portant. BERLIN, N.iv. ? The Austrian papers give no detailed n•leirt opening of the confereuets at Vienna with the lkc in . stadt malitionists. The official Austrian C., respondent merely announce% the fuel, t the eonferences had been opened w hen 1:::unt 1: 1 , ) ; welcomed the plenipotentiaries of the makes-ea and the Bavarian in inister,Count U ref en felihn tun,, d thanks ; but it makes no mention of the Pont e.,1,. 4 1 :,, inaugural speeches, nor of thu propositkns the As..etnbly. From the Dresden Joarnat,le,..(s.:, we learn that Count Bun!, after making, tut a of cour-e, some prefatory remarks about his . and wishes for the preservation of the elated, that the object of the colder nee to make provisions, which, in case of u it:- .. lution of the Zollvercin, might et 1 . (=leveed states to bear the separat: !•, their previous connections, and render •, . ration transitory. The plain meaning of tl. is, that Austria and the coalesced stun% art a customs union, and then force Prus s i a t-, for Prussia's resistance to a junction with .'.. • , protectionist system eon be rendered traig.i. , by putting an end to Prussia's power of in action. Austria's declared intention, of nn, .• • . whittle regulation of the Zullverein questir •., Frankfort Diet, must be n.g , ,rded as co•.•. • something more than the twinging forward to be set aside by a simple repetttim of re. fusel to recognise the authority of the int: mervial SPAIN. The Spanish government has published three Os. erees, owe dvebtring that cut-glass per.didos ter lustre, shall pay a duty of 29 reals ;1/ centime, imported in Spanish bottoms, and 34 times in other vessels; bobbins on pasti.ho.:l(l, weadmr, 1 real per pound when in Sp.mi.l, and 1 real 20 centimes in others ; and th it oil Sesame shall he subject to the Millie import dttil6 linseed, palm, or fish oil. The Catalina sailed from Barcelona on having on board j. 119 men, intended to reinforce garrisons of Puerto ltieo and Cuba. General Narvacz arrived at Sevilla on the 2:::, ult., end the next day was waited upon 1-y t!:, (Alice's of the garrison, the Cardinal Archbishop, wad several other distinguished personages. The English packet landed ut Cadiz, on the 2;th, two English engineers and four assistant en.ria. , vr,, who are to direct the works of the Cadiz and S:. vine lisitway. Six others were expected by the next packet. SWEDEN. The King was considered to be progressing fa r ourably on the 2Gth nit.; but u it wr , s prt belPie that a week or two might elapse before the restoration of his health, and as hie .fajesty needed perfect rest, it was resolved on the previous day to teinvipmte for a time the interim government, appointed originally to administer public affairs during the absence of the sovereign from his dominions. TURKEY. The ICuurellisfe of Himburgh, under date of Vienna, 29th ult., says " The Sultan had given orders to Prince Ghika to compliment tho Emperor Nicholas at Wossnesenek, but the Russian e0n:14, 1 7 superior orders, refused hit visa to the prince. It is stated that the Russian government has rejected the protest of the Ottoman Porto against the declarstian of independence by Montenegro." TILE GUN EXPLOSION AT GIBRALTAR. The Gibraltar Chronicle gives the following ac count of this aceiikat, mentioned in the I:.rprest yes terday It is under the impression of a most painful feeling. that we relste the particulars of a deplorable 'mel d( nt which took place on the .aluting battery about half past 4 o'clock p.m. on the 18th lust , nud by whith the litre of two of our fellow-creatures were endangered he in I, it is apprehended, the possibility of prosereatlty, anA Ilectral others were more or leas severely injured. While two and a half companies—viz., Captain Dixon's 3rd battali Christie's ith battalion, and half of Capt. Phillpott's, of the sth battalion of the ltoyal Artillery, under the command of Colonel C. C. Dansey, C. 8., l.ieut. Colonel nacres Lint. and Adjutant llashwood, Captain Lawson, Lisutenisaut Seymour, Young, and Taylor, were carrying on run I.f4C. tice with red hot shot, a 32-pounder, 9 feet 6 inches lone, and weighing 56 cwt., charged with ten pounds of powder, a dry wail and a wet one, and 321 b. iron hot shot, having mis-tired, was reprimed and fired by a percussion-hammer and tube. Oa the charge being ignited the run burst, shattering the carriage to atoms, the splinters of which knocked down six of the unfortunate sundetachminton the spot, wour.ffing two of them (William Burnett and IliteLen) dreadfuily, and a tlaird (Usury BA , s: very seriously. The injuries received by the rernamiler (Beattie, Skiffington, and Adams) wive prwiiicrtially not serious. Colonel Dansey, who was standing within a few feet of the piece whi a the ateisleet hapvenid, was struck by particles of the/en-metal and splinrcrs ,a Ins thighs and legs. llis clothes and bets were compel ly perforated, one particle cutting into the Ileser per: of the right thigh, and ether pieces inffcen.: bruins down to the feet. Lieutenant Taylor was very eerieuav hurt about the right side of his body and legs. Tleictis, parted into a dozen pieces ; four immense masses, several hun dred weight each, were hurled nearly a hundred tees Ma the air, and carried to a distance of namely 300 yard. from the platform on which the gun was standing; and the breech, thrown to the r, , ar, across the battery and public road, killed an aaa oft which a little bey (who miraculously escaped unhurt) was mounted. The whole battery was for an instant enveloped in smoke, and the panic which ensued during is clearing away ass One of such iutense anxiety as to baffle description. A medic,' officer was on the battery, others immediately valved. and every assistance, as far as humsn efforts could be msde. vas afforded to tho sufferers, who art., with two exceptions, in a fair way of recovery. When we consider what a vat.: num ber of the military were at the guns, and the ceneourse spectators, among whom were some Moors of distinction, it is passing wonderful that so few were hurt; and, above el., that only two cases may he deemed dangerous. " William Ilitchen died au the 24th of tas in.'s!** la , : received." VACXIIAr.L BRITOE rt4ll'.OlY.—S7A7ll Oy Tilt RlTalt.—Ycaterday, an adjourned general assembly of the proprietors of this company was held at the George Vulture ; Mr. l'rendergast, Q.C., in the chair. Th • minutes of the original assembly haying been read sad cei firmed, the report of the directors for the last sit none,' was brought forwr.rd. It stated that the founilatiol.• of the bridge wore in excellent order and perfectly set are..ind that, in pursuance of a discretionary newer s in them, they had, under an engineer's adric... taken stops for the repair of the steamboat pier. The company still retained 21 shares in the und.r• taking, and Exchequer Bills to the amount of 2.00.1. reserved fund in the 'Three per Cent. Consols is 1,2121. 10s. 9d., and the unpaid dividends amount to 364/. 3s. The tolls for the last six months were 5,5917. Ids., being a decrease of I Is. Id. upon the correspomFmt perisd of last year. The pier dues were 2211. 2s. id. ; the expenditure, 1141.35. Id. ; and the profits, 115/. 196. tkl. iOn the motion that the report be received end entered on the minutes, considerable discussion took place respecting Chancery injunction applied for by Mr. Parr.ell, a direr"or• for the removal of the pier. The directors were empowered to take the necessary defensive measures, and the Report was adopted. A Silt.tliGE CittcultsrANct: took place a toy (1.-. ye since on a farm in the commune of At. Aulna.siit•Mer (Calvados.) A boy wishing to get rid of a miubierou • de; hung it to ono of the rafters of the barn. A girl, who s•im, what he was doing, reproached him with his envlrc, an d said, " Take care that it is not your turn tonorrow. - On the following day, as a woman was passing the barn, was horrified at seeing the boy hanging, and ran ..)tr to give an alum. A man came to the %lilt, and not has lug a knife, lifted the hods in his arms, and untied the knot A surgeon was sent for, who fortunately ,acceeded in redor- Mg animation. When the boy hod sufficiently recovered to give an account of himself, he stated that while climbing up to untie the rope his fuot s'ipped, and in falling the i noose got round his neck, and he was thus near verifying the prophetic remark of the girl.—Ualisparia