The Express. — London, England, 1851-10-14 00:00:00

Ziu erortOis. TO COURKSIVNIIRNTS. Ilre Ito t tesuoutut I. woo emelpir. `I quo.' dewy Timis, mai iridg •41a, is limo for :Jetanis tvewiel ow "The ksperao." Egresta,g pope, Now Na stio took*, It. Ilreveriwoirool. tiy Tee f'.:.1.1 ea *a by of pelorefea. lIIGH WATER AT Lt 1 , .• 16.10 e. —3le-tuag. 41. 1,75. that universal suffrage had done was to disinherit the old. corrupt clique of politicians that had mono polised place. These by the law of May have re covered their old advantages, and hence the 111363 of petty and personal intrigues that disgrace the country, confound all principles, and render uncer tain all results. To these arguments LOUIS Narosrox has added his own. In them he has declared his opinion. that there are hut two solid sources of governmental autho rity, hereditary kingly right, or popular elective right ; and that both must be perfect, for that no quasi-legitimacy, or quasi-elective will hold. The executive of prance must, therefore. he chosen by the whole people or by none. A portion will not suffice. The remark that rises to every one's lip, is, why this very fine and proper chain of reasoning did not oecar to l'rince Louis NAPOLEON, when he sanctioned his ministers in introducing the law of May, disfran , chising the millions? The entire political world in France is disputing about principles, when it is clear that no one party in power has the least sincere respect for principle of any kind. It is mere time serving, gilded over with fine and ambiguous words, the Prince himself setting the example. But although lAiels Naeostox gave himself up from the first to the guidance of the reactioni,ts, he is had still, from time to time, fits of awakening to liberal ideas, and to a con , sciousness that they alone could save him. hence tho letter to tolonel °roma against the conduct of the Roman government, and hence so many liberal sentiments, and resolves, and stray speeches, at odd momenta These, however, arc but faint flames, that light up from smouldering mhos, to die as soon as born. The President's regret for having disfranchised millions of those who voted' for him is one of those vain coruscations, those idle regrets, which lie has the weakness and wilfulness to betray, but not the morase or constancy to act upon. If the President got rid M. FACCIIER to-morrow for such a cause, where is he to find a minister? M. Rumor certainly . would not volunteer to servo him, or to embark in a contest with the Assembly, for any aVe ,Vilioljonieniie however just. Whatever desire the hapless Prince may have to become libe ral, it is now too late. What real liberal would now trust him? Ito must lie on the bed of state that he has made himself, propped on those conservative parties who arc openly betraying him, yet whose momentary countenance and support he cannot dispense with. Repeal the law of the 31st of May he cannot, with out a coup rl flat, and he has for that neither the courage nor the chance of success. To all appearance now there is little chance of re pealing the law of the 15th of May; and without its repeal, or even with it, there are less and less chances every day of any candidates getting the requisite number of suffrages for the definitive elec tion. The idea has gone forth amidst the provinces that IssutsNirossoN may not be elected. A 9 he was before chosen so unanimously from the belief of every one that he would command a larger majority, so now the doubt of his uniting any such nuinlsT of sup porters is sufficient to chill many who before voted for Isis name. How much that name has lost of its splendour we need not say. The refusal to permit W. transit of KOSSUTH is alone a meanness that must strike the commonest judgment. It bespeaks at once illiberalism and fear. The chances are that since no candidate musters a sufficient number of votes for the presidency, the decision of so important a question will conic, as by the constitution it is ordained, to the National Assembly. And this, elected under the law of the 31st of May, will in all probability be neither Napolconian nor republican. By introduc ing that law Prince Louis betrayed tho republic; but that same act of treachery contained within it retribution, for it hung a millstone round the neck of the Prince himself. It is difficult to say whether the universal indifference, aversion, and contempt of the French will be greater for the President who is about to be degraded, or for him who is about to be promoted. lx attempting to present to our readers an estimate of the immelliate and prospective effects of actual I prices of agricultural produce, on the condition of the British fanner, we may run some risk of making statements, and arriving at conclusions, which will not be altogether satisfactory, either to those who sec no hope, or those who have no fean; forour husband men. We have always been earnest and thorough going free-traders; we know, and always knew, a repeal of the corn laws, and all similar restrictions, to be an indispensable preliminary to the business of fanning becoming one of ordinary hazards, and ordinary productiveness; and we spared no pains to aid in such repeal, and to reconcile farmers to that inevitable necessity. But we never did, and cannot now overlook the fact, that the present generation of farmers have grown up under a system of protection, that their habits, ideas, and calcula tions have all been created and founded upon an ar tificial and unnatural state of things --not merely in reference to prices, but in relation also to nearly every act and contract of the farmer's business—and that they ran no more get into a sound, wholesome, and natural condition, without pain and suffering, than a nun who has long disregurdul the physical laws of health and well-being can recover his natural health without depression and self-denial. Neither do the case, of the removal of protection, or the withdrawal of a monopoly from manufacturers —the silk trade, fur instance—offer any com plete parallel to the case of the farmer, under existing circumstances. The difference in price of Isis commodity, and the liability to open competition with other manufacturers who could pro duce more cheaply or supply n superior article, were the only substantial difficulties the unprotected manu facturer had to contend with. Secingthe necessity of exertion to retain or enlarge his market, and knowing at once in what particulars he was inferior to any of Lis competitors, lie could forthwith take the necessary means for cheapening or improving his manufacture, or doing whatever else might be necessary to enable him to compete successfully with his rivals. Ile had only to know the necessity and will the adequate means for business exertion. The benumbing opera tion of monopoly over his mind and his business ceased with the removal of the monopoly. Nut so in the case of the farmer. The artificial system of protection had rendered him in a measure incapable of exerting himself, though Le sees that great and immediate exertions are absolutely necessary to save him from ruin; for he has enterca into engagements with his landlord, and has become involved in an erroneous method of management, front which neither landlord nor tenant can alone find the means of extrication. It was not merely that the corn laws promised, and perhaps sometimes gave, the farmer higher prices than he could have obtained in a natural market, they induced also great fluctua tions in price, from which some farmers occasionally did, and all hoped, to protit ; but these fluctuations rendered both landlord and tenant alike averse to entering into permanent and prospective engage ments. The one feared that if the times went un towardly or the crops should fail, his tenant might nut be able to pay his rent, and then, it' he had a lease, there might be some difficulty in turning him oat; so on I the other hand the tenant was equally . unwilling to be held toe tenancy which, in certain contingencies he be lieved possible, might become ruinously - burthensome. Both parties entertained an exaggerated notion of the effects produced by the corn law upon prices, and both felt that the loss of protection was a hazard constantly impending. Conscious of having an un just law made in their favour, to which the rest of the community never patiently submitted, and which I was constantly- undergoing some change or moditica- I tion, all the relations of landlord and tenant. all the terms of the contract of ter.ancv, became temporary and provisional. Often during the last thirty-five I years have hundreds of tenant farmers gone on for years together without knowing exactly what their rent would be until they received the fiat of the I steward, perhaps on the very rent day. When prices were depressed, landlords made temporary abatements of rent as mere matters of grace and favour, but without altering the peruaa neat rental. Often and often have we seen tenants come into the steward's room on the rent day expect ing some, but not knowing what, abatement they were to receive, or rhether they were to ihave any allowances whatever ; and in many, perhaps most of such cases. they had made serious sacrifices of their produce in order to be prepared with the full amount of their re 11' 4 . So again we have often known farmers holding on for years together with the determination that, if " times did not alter" or the landlord make a considerable abatement INDON BRIDGE. lb. :.9a. LONDON, TUESDAY. OCTOBER 11. Titotaiff during regal visits and royal progresses little but the fair and sunny side of society ma y be allowed to appear and greet the sovereign and her family, they ate nerertheless useful. They stimulate loyalty, and they inspire and strengthen confi dence ; they popularise the monarchy, and, in doing su, they increase the power of the people. For they exhibit them tull of those sentiments, feeling, and traditions, on which only monarchy can safely rest, and there scatter to the winds the fears and appre hensions, sometimes expressed even by prime minis ten+, titat large accessions of popular power will ma- he-idly change the character of the government and ; constitution of this country. They establish relations of ace lime let and respect, and even affection, between the Qt I is and her subjects; they display her as al sovereign who neither interposes a stupid aristo cracy nor a huge army between her person and these who owe and pay her allegiance as a mo narch, who takes a deep and active interest in their condition, who desires to see and to be seen by her people, who can understand and appreciate what is seen, whose personal opinions and wishes are never opposed to reasonable extensions of public lilkrty and national fret tom, and who seeks to make her children, from the early dawn of youthful intelli gens., acquainted with the greatness and vastness of what they may have hereafter to govern and pre side over. To stimulate loyalty in favour of such a monarchy as that of England, and of such a monarch as her MAJLITY, in Manchester and Liverpool, is to pro mote and strengthen the CUUSC of order, good govern ment, and human progress. It begets no senseless satisfuctian with things as they are; it secures no unmeaning a.sent to abuses; it strengthens no or ganisation of a reactionary policy; it affords no poli tical security to a timid or a backward ad ministration. But, by placing the sovereign on ttrnts of intimacy with her subjects, it tends to render her less and less dependent on the old hacks of party polities; and so it lessens that hold which political castes have hitherto had on the government of England, to the exclusion of fresh vigour and of new blood. The men who have made Manchester and Liverpool what they are, who, in making those towns the wonder of the world, have added to the wealth and increased the comfort of every unit of this empire, can never lie so dependent on an aristorrary for ministers fit and worthy to em joy the confidence of Queen Vier'nu t, as it is the fashion and the practice of that aristocracy to assume. And this, it may he safely inferred, is part of the instruction royalty learns by these visits; to he ap plied when, 'hereafter, the present political system shall have broken down by its own weight—for last much longer it can not. No man, woman, or lad, who took rut in the re ception of royalty at either town, is a bit the worn or less ardent a reformer by the display; whilst all are to some extent latter citizens. Liable as it is to abuse, and abused as it is very ollt n in London by the vulgar ride, this desire and curiosity to become arquainted with the person of the sovereign and her family, is nevertheless in principle a rational and a proper feeling. We long to know all these whom we respect ; tend, knowing them, the interest we take in their conduct and happiness is increased. Logic is not altogether predominant in the direction of human affairs; sentiment and affection have still their fair share in the administration of national destinies. And between sovereign and people this interchange of cariosity is reciprocally useful. We feel that a monarch who, on all nosonable oceasiona, places herself in such unreserved communication with her subjects, can have no desire but fur their happiness; and the monarch, it Ls but fair to assume, must on her part feel that in the desire of the people for gnat changes ' they have no object inimical to the rontinuaucts of the dynasty of which she is tin' reprise ntat ice. And if this be so, which orwhn shall he allowed to inttrpose between the sovereign and the people of this country ? The sovereign has no interest in a restricted Islustittiener, in rotten boroughs, in elec toral intimidation; this people have the steepest inte rest in obtaining a franchise which shall make them the n-al depositaries of political power. ltv such a franchise, it it quite clear that in England the monarchy will he :strengthened, not weakened ; on what pretence. then. are third parties to he allowed to step m and to forbid the consolidation of that par- Beater firm of government with which the English people have shown they are content. The old theory was that a monarchy could only rest on an aristo cracy ; the modern theory is, that Whilst an aristocracy may be needful to adorn and gild a monarchy, it eats rest onlv on the affections of a people. But a people will sat now-a-days long give their atfeetians to a monarchy in the administration of which they have no share. The personal character of such a monarch as Queen Virronta is but a happy acci dent. Sosereissus even of her house have opposed pint. demairds, which even their ministers were willing to commie. Now we have a Queen whose• svmp.s!hies are all with the papular cause, both at gums• and alwoud; now, then, is the time to secure that Urge us:els:as:nut electoral franehise which, once contested, can never in this country be recalled. NcvEtt.perlinpo, was there so striking an example of a in . s living taught in his own trap us that of Lot i- N irt.LEON and the law of the 'dist of May. By this name is known the parlianwntary decree dirt ng ianchisi two ur three Mi11i0411 , 4 of thu * French people. When the metropolis returned a large ma jority of socialist members, the conservatives in- Sandy resolved to punish l'aris by disfranchising its artisans. This they did elreetuallv, by ordaining ! that none should have a vote without proving that lie had been domiciled and employed in his present locality for a certain time. But the working class, and more than the working class in great towns, is for ever changing. Then their empl.iyers' signature win. required to establish the claim of the employed. This, under a hundred pretexts, might be a ithhcld. And thus sonic two ur three out of the MIX millions of French electors were deprived of their right of suffrage by the As semble, and with the consent and co-uperatiou of the l'evsident. ..... 'flw latter was at the time, no doubt, persuaded I that the best chance of being continued in power lay 4 in his conciliating the middle, the propertied, and timid chisses, together with the Collgen alive party in the Assembly, whichvras their champion. Accord ingly he consented to fling the people overboard. And I now it appears, that LOUIS NAPOLIA/X'S only chance is from the votes of those very people whom he clis franehised. every shade of the parliamentary parties having turned against him. The President, there fors.after shutting the popular flood out of the elections for his own purpose on the list of May, would now open the sluwes and let the popular flood in again to float him. But to this the Assembly, of course, wands opposed. and with the Assembly every knot of statesmen, that hope to exist by eithir the favour or tolerance of the Assemble, or that undertake to carry on the government in accord with the majority. The signal fur the President's standing out and insisting upon the repeal of the law of the 13th of )far. was given in a leading article of the Onset . - tun: 'owl, signed ONANIER or CASSAGNAC4 It may I here he remarked, that articles in the journals of France seem to have all the 84111 e. prestige and to wield the same influence, when signed by indivi duals. as when they were expressed in the collective or editorial tee. Never was the French press more powerful, or its weight more felt than at the present moment. No our could deny the ability with which the manifesto of the Coastandionnel against the disfranchising law was written. The socialists, it argued, arc powerlass without a Balm you have given them one by disfranchising the people, whose right they may uphold. In giving, the socialists such a flag. there is no class or party interested to oppose . them. The peasantry, who Might take was against the red republic, would not miter and march against universal suffrage. All ~._ __ TIIE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 14, 1851 ... of n thiy* would give up their farms ; and r i n g all such cases anything like ener getic improvement was out of the question and in rune eases out of ten the farms went back in condition, while in numerous instances the deterioration arising from such a provisional state was very considerable. A yearly tenancy, even when the farmer has no intention of quitting his farm, is bad enough: but when, in addition to a yearly tenure, the farmer is carrying on his business under the state of uncertainty we have described, the effect both on his own circumstances and the condi tion of his farm is truly lamentable. And this was for the most part the state of things in nearly all our agricultural districts from 181.5 to 1830-7. And it speaks volumes for the elasticity of British agricul ture that, under such circumstances, there was a slow and gradual, but certainly some progress. But the general effect was to render the farmers waiters upon providence ; they were constantly watching for "something to turn up." Now it was a new corn law or an alteration in the eliding scale ; then it was a drawback from the landlord; then again it was an abundant issue of paper money—for nt one time farmers were much bitten with " the little shilling" currency doctrines —or the repeal of the malt tax and so forth, always some trusting to legislative and landlord aid, and never altogether relying on their own exertions. Yet in spite of themselves, as it were, farmers have improved their cultivation, especially since the Agricultural Distress Committee of 1836, with out in any respect improving their terms of holding, or obtaining from their landlords any of those permanent improvements it is the province of a rational landou nee to execute. The consequence has been to render the tenants in vestments of capital iu the land greater than consists with the prudent management of land held on such precarious terms as yearly tenancies; and in the re sult tenant farmers have been at their landlords' mercy. Until the last two years the competition for farms was such that any expression of dissatisfaction on the part of the tenant was met on the landlord's Net with an offer to take the farm off his tenant's hands, an alternative commonly implying a serious logs to any man who had farmed pretty well. More recently there has been more caution exer cised in taking farms : farmers going into a new oc cupation have required terms, and demanded perma nent outlays by the landlord previously unheard of, and the consequence is, most landowners arc just now rather chary of losing a good tenant. This is a material point in the farmers favour at present. Now is a good time to take a farm by a man who understands his business and has firmness to insist upon the landlord making a fair bargain, which, as a rule, landlords are very unwilling to do. Taking the present range of prices as data for calculating the terms of a lease for twenty-one years, a farmer of capital and intelligence about to enter upon a farm cannot go far wrong as regards rent, and it is his own fault if he enters upon a farm without having all necessary and permanent improvements effected and without having complete dominion over it during the term of his lease. But the great difficulties of the present period— the period of transition—lie with farmers now holding, not those entering on, farms; and the former are as one hundred to one of the latter. The provisional arrangements of former periods of depression won't do now. It is of no use fur landlords to attempt to tide over the difficulties of the moment with a ten or fifteen per cent. abatement of rent, fbr there is no corn law now to delude the farmer into the expectation that prices will soon rise again : profit from a natural or artificial scarcity can no more form a part of the expec tations on which rents arc calculated. Fanners have made up their minds that prices of agricultural produce will be permanently low—perhaps they rather under than over estimate the probable range of future prices. They see, however, that the prices on which they used to calculate will not be realised, and they know that, with low prices, they must grow considerably more per acre than they' have been accustomed to grow. And this again, the necessity which every farmer is under to increase his produce to keep up his income, will tend to keep down prices. The great obstacle to increasing pro duce now consists in the want of permanent im provements, which landlords arc unable or unwilling to make; and thus the farmer, though he begins to ice what he must do in the actual position of affairs, finds himself hampered and impeded, first by insecure tenure of his farm ; and secondly, by the want of such outlays of fixed capital as are required to make the farm an instrument of production suited to the exigencies of modern agriculture. Therefore it is, we saT, that the difficulties of the farniers in sur mounting their transition from a . protected to an open trade is greater than that experienced by any other class of traders under similar circumstances. They cannot go ahead without the co-operation of their landlords, and it will be only after considerable struggle on the part of tenants that landowners will really co-operate with them. This is the real source of difficulty, nay of danger to the tenant-farmers of this country, which they must surmount, not merely by improvements in cultivation, but Ly the determi nation necessary to effect an improvement in their contracts with their landlords. And it is curious to remark how shy the landowners are of referring to this topic, though they are ready enough to urge their tenants to all kinds of improved practices in farm management and cultivation. We have now before as a letter signed by twenty one Neapolitan priests—three of them canons, three of them doctors of divinity, one of them a doctor of canon law, two of them Ligorniun missionaries, and the remainder simple priests, addressed to the Attorney-General of the criminal court of Naples, claiming at his hands that merciful treatment to which every untried prisoner is entitled. These priests, be it understood, are all political prisoners—that is to say, they arc men who were, and are, favourable to that constitution which Fer dinand first gave to his people and afterwards perjuriously revoked. They arc, and have been for mouths, lodged in the prison of St. Francis, at Naples, were they IM forgotten—at least, untried. Fur some time after their incarceration, these gentlemen (for some of them are gentlemen by birth, and all by education) were allowed three halfpence a day of our money to subsist themselves upon! But ever since the 2;ith February last they have, by a decision of the Secretary of State, been deprived of this miserable pittance, and have been told they ought to subsist themselves out of the patrimony of the church. The result is that some of these gentlemen are now lying on the bare flags of the prison floor, without covering, and that they are actually perishing slowly from the pangs of hunger. Fur months the friends and families of these priests sent them such succour and assistance in ' money as could be occasionally conveyed into the prison. But these sums are now exhausted, and they complain they must perish unless they be allowed by the government not three halfpence, but three Carlini a day. "We arc gentlemen and priests," say they, , in a touching appeal, " and either bring us to trial, libonte us, or give us wherewith to subsist as pil -1 Bernell and men of honour, so that we may not perish • of hunger."—iforning Ifurahl. TUE REMAINS OF CutNT REVENTLOW have been &posited in the Swedish Church in the City, and this day will leave England on board the Jyllantl, a Danish government steamer, which happened to be accidentally in the Thames at the time of the count's melancholy decease. The bereaved Countess Reventlow, with her tinnily and suite, will, It is probable, leave London for Copenhagen in •tho:a a tortuight. TIIE POST-OFFICE DIRECTORY FOR 1851 ban been published unusually early this year. The portly volume is now before us. The propr:eturs thus explain their reasons fur this earlier issue of their volume. "The Exhibition hay tag occasioned a demand greater than usual, the edition for the current year became exhausted ; to prevent the its of the work being out of print, every exertion ha• been made to produce the new edition at the earliest period compatible with accuracy." That this has nut been sacri ficed to speed, a scrutiny will amply show; and in proof that the corrections have been mode to the latest possible period they instance the acceleration of papers by the day mail under the head of " delivery of letters in London," at page 17d1. The first day on which the mails snivel, so as to admit of the complete carrying out the arrangement, was on Saturday last, the Ilth instant. The insertion too in the parliamentary directory of the Christian mimes of the present Lord Stafford, whose father's death w:tA announced on the 6th instant, is another instance, among uveral which I might be adduced, to show how closely the corrections have been made up to the moment of issue. ESUIBITION TRAINS ON THE 'GREAT WESTERN Raivic.t v.—One of the but Exhibition trains on this line consisted of 131 carriages, containing about 5,000 persons. FRANCE. PARIS, Kwrokr EvExpro. There is no further news this afternoon concerning the ministerial crisis. But it seems highly probable that the parliamentary majority will attempt some transaction with Louis Napoleon, bi which revision may be brought about without sacrificing the law of May. The Bourse was much agitated by rumours but none of these have sufficient authority to deserve repetition. It appears highly improbable that any. thing definite will be done to-morrow, which is the day appointed by y the President for declarii.g his in rio aistinctl. The ns Ord re and L iiinn both darkly threaten the President with impeachment should he abandon the - - majority. General St. Arnaud is spoken of as the successor of General ltaudon in the ministry of War. If Curlier's resignation should he accepted—which is inipmbable .—M. Delnies or M. St. Gerige is said to be likely to succeed him. As M. earlier was the first functionary of minis terial rank to offer his resignation in the present crisis, unless the law of May wen, maintained, so he must be regarded as playing on the stage of power a part ceding in importance to that of none of the ministers. In fact perhaps more weight would be attached to the opinion of the prefect of police on such a matter than to that of M. Baroche or Lion Faurher, as he passes for seeing into a world shut to the eye of common observers, and only dimly sketched to the public imagination in fragments of police reports coloured by the fertile fancy of spies, and fellows who trade in melodramatic disclosures of seditious machinations, Well, it seems that the char eye of the prefect has at last. become troubled with these glimpses into the seething forge of con spiracy, that he is, in a word, frightened ut the clan destine preparation of the " red" for war, and thinks that nothing will save France but scourging, crush ing, and curbing the democratic party. I mentioned yesterday the memorial which the prefect of police had handed in to the President upon the difficulties of maintaining order and the danger of repealing the law of May. It appears that this letter, at pre sent the object of much conversation, consists of not less than twelve closely-written pages. Not only is the idea of returning to universal suffrage scouted as the most perilous of all concessions to " fee mauvaises passions, but the adoption of a series of repressive measures is suggested us essential to the complete triumph of the party of order in the approaching crisis. The liberty of the press is to be entirely suppressed. Fifteen departments are to be placed in a state of siege, which would increase to twenty two the number of departments subjected to martial law. Such are the conditions, with out which M. earlier cannot undertake to con trol the democratic tempest which will be let loose at the approaching elections. While he was about devising such a compressive prescription, M. earlier might as well have gone a step further, and proposed the much simpler and more expeditious plan of abolishing suffrage altogether. The fears of M. earlier are either insecure or idle. It is prepos terous to think that France will be less conservative in 1852 than she was in 1810 and '4J; and that the new elections, conducted according to the same lists, will add to the parliamentary force of the socialist party. But the policy of M. (Jarlier is to provoke a struggle, in which he is assured that the army will be victorious. As to the sincerity of the prefect's suggestions, it is well known and affirmed to-day by Girardin as notorious that, a few weeks ago, no man about the President was louder in favour of repealing the law of May than earlier. Whence, therefore, this sudden change? Is it that M. earlier believes that the star of Gene ral Changnrnicr is once more in the ascendant? or is the prefect disposed to relapse, from despair of the Bonapartist cause, into his old creed of Orleanism, and preparing to salute the rising sun of Joinvite ? A motive is assigned to Carlier's conditional resigna tion, which seems hardly adequate to account for so serious a step. You aro aware that the press has boon latterly teeming with the scandals of the Lottery of the Lingots d'Or. The position of M. Clement lteyre, private secretary of the prefect of police, as commissioner of the government to super intend the operations of this concern, and the hints thrown out in the letters of M. Lunglois, the dis charged head of the lottery administration, prompted a belief that M. Cartier luld dabbled in the specula lima connected with the buying up of tickets, with a view to re-selling them at a premium. Whatever be the amount of the prefect's participation in these , questionable transactions, Girardin does not scruple publicly to cast it in his teeth, and to attribute his wish to retire at the present moment to apprehen sion lest he should be turned out by a motived order of the day, to be passed in the Assembly after a de bate on the question of the Lingots d'Oe. If the prefect of police has injured his popularity some what by the persecution of the opposition press, whose newspapers he swept from the Boulevards, while ho allowed free circulation to the royalist and government prints, he is not likely to ingratiate him self with any portion of the community by an ordi nance, which is published to-day, concerning the itinerant vendors of vegetables, poultry, rabbits, l porcelain, slippers, and every other sort of article. From the Ist of February next all such vendors are to be prohibited from street sale of the wares they cry, without a permit or license from the prefecture. The condition of nationality and residence is likewise introduced into this edict, which is highly important. Every itinerant ven dor is required to be a Frenchman, domiciled at least for one year in Paris. lie must wear, after being licensed, a medal, inscribed with his name and - the number of his permission. It would be difficult to describe the sensation pro duced by this despotic ordinance. There are, of course, an immense number of these poor people who are not French; and still more who have not resided for a year in Paris. For naturally the first resource of an impoverished stranger would be to drive some hou.seless trade, by which ho could supply, at least, the want of food although shelterless. But the badge will be loathed by all, as a stigma which will brand their class. It is very natural that porters should wear some tokcu of their identity, from their being habitually entrusted with commissions, of which they could otherwise be called to no ac count. The persons arrested at the office of the Voir du Piwerd, on suspicion of being connected with the French-German plot, together with Lecat, the ge , eant of that journal, were set at liberty yesterday. A seditious plot has been detected at Rouen, by the police, who have arrested two obscure individuals. In the apartments of these were found bottles of powder and balls like those of the insurgents of June. Count Bathyany has hired apartments in the Champs Lyle:vs, where he purposes to lead a life of retirement. The vacancy in the Assembly caused by M. Durand Valentin's resignation of his seat for Senegal, so long ago as November last, has been filled up. M. Sloth, the governmenfeandidate, was elected, by 1,150 votes, against M. Lefort Goussolin, who polled 990. Negotiations may be expected to be set on foot shortly for the renewal of the commercial treaty of 1845 between France and Belgium, which expires in August, 1832. fly the first treaty (1842), which Was afterwards renewed, Franco established a privi leged tariff in favour of pit coal and flax from Bel gium, the latter country making concessions in re turn, with respect to French Wines and silks. Com plaints have been made by French merchants of the way in which this treaty has been interpreted and acted upon by the )lei fans. They say that, inas• much as the rrench tariff was relaxed in favour of Belgium only, and not of any other nation, it was necessarily to be understood • that the reciprocal concessions to France were to be exclusive like wise. There was, however, no express clause to that effect. On the 28th of August, 1842, two months only after the exchange of ratifications, the Belgian government, by way of experiment, gratuitously ex• tended the benefit of the reduced tariff on French wines and silks to similar produce of the Zollvercin. The effect of this assimilation upon French silks was Ismall, but the importations of French wines speedily fell from four millions and a half of francs to three millions and a half. Franco made no reprisals, but, on the contrary, submitted on the Ilth of July, 1843, to an increased duty upon her threads and 'woollen tissues. It is alleged by the French merchants that when, in the face o f' these things, France consented in 1815 to nn unconditional renewal of the treaty, she allowed herself to be the dupe of Belgium. In this state of feeling efients will doubtless bo made to ob- of tho existing treaty pre- musty to August next. By decrees of the President of tho Republic, M. Arnanit, mayor of Montils, and M. Legendrc, mayor of Onohamps, provisionally suspended by the prefect of the Loir-et-Cher, have been definitively dismissed. General Santa-Cruz, minister plenipotentiary of Bolivia, returned to Paris last evening, after six weeks' absence, employed visiting in England and BuHum. 1110 Cowrier of Dijon announces that M. Jos sinet, banker in tea place, has just suspended pay ' ment. Tho deficit is said to be considerable, and it fulls chiefly on workmen and small families. During the visit of M. Chasseloup-Laubat, the Minister of Marine, to Toulon, he accompanied the Maritime Prefect, the Prefect of the Var, and other functionaries, on hoard the Charlemagne, when a preliminary trial was made of her capabilities. It has been decided that she shall not form part of the Mediterranean squadron until further experiments have been made to test her qualities. The minister arrived yesterday in Paris from his tour. A person of the name of Pastor was brought on Saturday before the Correctional Police, under a charge of having had a quantity of pistols in his pos session without permission from thu authorities. In his defence he declared that ho was the agent of a factory of arms established in Belgium, and that the forty-nine pairs of pistols found in his possession be longed to that firm. The court decided that the per mission required by law was indispensable, and in consequence sentenced him to pay a line of 200 fr. A company of actors have left Paris for Madrid, to perform there in the Threatre de la Cruz. This will be the first time of performing French plays in that capital. Considerable anxiety prevailed at the Bourse to day. The Fives fell 65e. closing at 90.60; and the Threes fell 35c., and closed at 55.60. Railways have varied but slightly from Saturday's quotations. SWITZERLAND. The grand council of the canton of Berne com menced, in its sitting on the Bth inst., a discussion which was looked to by tho inhabitants with great interest. It concerns the p in specie of the canton of Berne, carried away by the French in 1798, and of other property in gold and silver carried at that period for safety to the Oberland. The radical party, with M. de Stemple, the late president of the Federal Assembly, at its head, pretends that certain patrician families appropriated to them selves a part of the sums saved from the French ; and, in consequence, it now proposes that the de scendents of these families shall be made to repay what their fathers seized on. The radicals want to have a commission of inquiry nominated, from which every burger of Berne shall be excluded, such per sons, they affirm, being interested in the question. On the other hand, the law authorities have had a long report prepared on the matter, in which it is proposed to name a special commission of 7 or 9 members, but without any exclusion of the burgess class, and with permission to the grand council of the canton to adopt such measures as it may think proper after the said commission shall have reported on the question. So the matter rests at present. SPAIN. MADRID, Ocr, 8: The Herald() states that it is inpossea ----- sint - of in formation to justify a belief that there will be im portant modifications of the cabinet betbre the open ing of the Cortes. Tito widow of General Enna, who wets killed in an engagement with the party of Lopez, has arrived at Vigo, in a steamer from tuba. 'flee Guatemala frigate has also arrived at Vigo, with 110 of the persons condemned by court-martial to imprisonment with hard labour in Sain, for having invaded Cuba under Lopez. The Venus and the Isabella-Catolica, bring 10 others, making altoge ther 120. . . . . . Tho Howldo of the Bth states that a ministerial crisis has arisen owing to the Minister of Marine, General Armero, having offered his resignation ; but it adds in a postcript that the general has, on the solicitation of the Marquis de Miraflores, Minister of Foreign Affairs, consented to retain his portfolio for the present. The cause of M. Armero's wish to retire is said to be his opposition to granting certain recom penscs demanded by the Captain-General of Cuba to the persons who distinguished themselses in resist ing the invasion of the bands of Lopez; the Minister of War and the majority of the other ministers being of opinion that the reeompeuces ought to be accorded. There is no other news of political importance in the Spanish journals. The English fleet arrived in the port of Roses on the 30th ult., and was to remain eight days. Admiral Parker and his family had fre quently landed. PORTUGAL. The Oriental Company's steam-packet Iberia, Cap tain C. F. Burney, master, arrived at Southampton yesterday, and horded her mails under the charge of Litut. E. P. Fuge, lt.N., Admiralty agent. Her dates are :—Gibraltar, Oct. 5; Cadiz, 6 ; Lisbon, 9; Vigo, 10. Oporto is still in quarantine by sea, with the other ports in the l'eninsula. The mails from thence were sent overland to Lisbon. No fresh cases had broken out for the last ten days, and only 20 since it first made its appearance. Movements of H.Nl.'s ships :—ln Gibraltar, lI.M. steamer Janus. In the Tagus, Prince Regent, Hogue, Arethusa, and Hecate. ILII.S. Leander left Gibraltar on the 4th for Lisbon, with provisions. On the arrival of the Leander at Lisbon, the Prince Regent goes to sea on a cruise. LISBON, Ocr. 9. As the time approaches the grand crisis of the elections, activity not only increases, but a better es timate of the position of affairs begins to be formed; and I believe I may safely say the preponderance will be on the side of the Septembristas; though the frauds, deprivation of the franchise to those to whom it properly belongs—enfranchising others who have no claim—and all the pettyfogging acts of an expiring faction, mark the proceedings wherever there is a Cabralist authority. The Progressistas desire that all who have a right to vote at the primary elections should be enfran chised, and all who have no right should be struck off the lists. Several foreigners (Galegos) and other unqualified persons arc being daily eliminated iar the Lisbon Bairros, such votes having been formerly enfranchised to swell the Cabralista ranks. Th. Pro gressista committee for the district of Lisbon have published un address to their fellow-citizens, and particularly to these who sha'l have to take part in the ensuing elections. The operatives have also put forth a veryenergetie, long, and pressing manifesto on the same occasion. Nor are the Cabral etas less active ; on the contrary, they go to great lengths, and the Duke de Terceira continues to be their recognised leader ; while the principal members of their committee or junta inun date the country with letters urging their partisans to all sorts of dirty work. Oporto, it appears, is now healthy ; the infected ships Duarte the Fourth and Tentudora had been forced out of the Douro, and came to the quarantine ground in the Tagus, but the government not allow ing them to remain they were towed over the bar by the Infante Don Luiz steamer; provisions having been furnished to the former vessel by its agent, and to the Tentadom by the government. 'the crews of both vessels remained in health; although, during their stay in the Tagus they were under strict sur veillance. lam told the cases of fever altogether in Oporto amounted to sixty. The Cape Verde Island of St. Nicholas is still suf fering from hunger; succours have been sent to it, both by the committee charged with its relief and the government. Another mode of jobbing has been avoided by the minister of marine, in the supply of the Portuguese navy with wine. Contractors, it appears, have hitherto so arranged matters that they obtained much more than the market price; now, however, the wine has been bought at the Sete CAZLIS, by which the 'government have saved 10 per cent. upon the transaction for the better quality of wine to embark in the ships, and 18 per cent. on that for the daily supply of the crews of the vessels in the Tagus, both being wine of good quality. Au .t.ustrian frigate has arrived at Cadiz, having on board the Archduke Maximilian. The notice of the marriage of Don Miguel has caused no additional surprise; it is said he has con. ferred titles on many of his adherents, but the use of those titles is the grand difficulty. Orders have been issued for the payment of the following departments for September, in the Chambers of Peers and Deputies s Itelacao of Lisbon, Tribunals of Commerce, Staff of the Army, Supreme Council of Military Justice, Cathedral, General Staff Staff of the Ist Nlilitary I)ivision and Civil Governor's department ; us well a. to eight other departments. The following is the state of the TreaStai the month of August: receipts, including tiro former balance, 657,069,492 reis ; payments,s29,7:lo,filS rpy l balance to account of September, 127,338,461 Of the receipts, the custom-house pit i ft 190,617,403 reis • the Sete Cazas, 61,883,361; duties on grain, 16,778,393; mint, 12,316,636; and post. office, 10,987,942 reis. Among the payments wens 91,619,837 reis to the Junta do Credito Public°, and 500,000 reis to Luiz Cassar, a British aubjvct, on further account of his claim. In this month 23,198,600 refs of treasury billets entered boo tho operations of the treasury. On the 3rd instant, 70,990,800 'refs in bank of Lisbon notes were can. celled and burnt. . _ _ At three o'clock on the morning of the 4th tho Queen was idelivered of a child still-born; th. bul letin says it was unaccompanied with the s!'4litest danger, and that in a few days her health will ho perfectly restored. A circumstance occurred hero in the evening of the Ist inst., which I conceive it proper to mention, as it arose rom party paragraphs in a London jour. nal. I have several times had occasion to mention tho case of Mr. Croft, and I have done so in the strict spirit of truth; nor should I again have referred to it until I could communicate the final settlem: nt of his claim, had not the affair taken place. I must, however, relate the muse which . produced the occur. rence, which will also confirm in the public mind what has appeared in the columns of your paper re lative to Mr. Croft, and set it right with regard to a different statement, which appeared elsewhere. About twelve months ago, an account of his case appeared in a London paper which was diametrically opposed to truth, as it stated in substance that his pre tensions had been rejected by all the courts of law ; that Lord Palmerston, having supported it, would bring down odium upon the British name; that the effect would be to extort from the Baroness de Barcellinhos what all tho tribunals of the country had awarded to her; and that the claims supported by the British government were in opposition to tho decisions of the courts of law ; whereas the Met was that the claims made by the British government were in accordance with and to carry out those deei. sinus of the courts which had been given both in favour of Mr. Croft and Luiz Ca.ssar. The paragraph was immediately recognised as speaking the senti ments of Count Thomar, who tried every means to bring odium "upon the British name; and Mr. Croft required the correspondent here to correct the error. In a subsequent letter it was contradicted, and Mr. Croft stated to have obtained several judgments. Flimsy as tho contradiction was, Mr. Croft, from a spirit of conciliation, re. maned satisfied, but the vindictive spirit of Count Thomar persecuted him to the last. About two months ago another account appeared, stating that the whole of the amount in deposit had been paid upon the presentation of the judicial orders, and that fifteen coutos had been seized by Mr. Croft's creditors: whereas the fact was, that it had been arranged by Thomas's government that the baroness should be satisfied as to what she had been supported in illegally obtaining by a Star Chamber r process; but M. Croft could not obtain his money till he had instituted proceedings in order to imprison the pre sident and board, which proceedings were stopped, and the money or share of his inheritance paid to him, while the story of the creditors was got up to injure Mr. Croft privately, in accordance wit h r homes wish. Mr. Croftdeumnded explanationsandsatisfaction of the gentleman in question for these injuries, and even in mild but energetic terms entered into a cor respondence with him on the subject, to eons-lac° him of his error in so writing; but at h agth, ho having refused all farther explanation and satisfac : . . . . tion, to which ho had been summoned in the usual way;of a hostile message, Mr. Croft saw him at tho entrance of Belem-square, on the evening in question, when driving down in his gig to his country-seat, and, alighting, laid his whip upon the writer of the obnoxious and untrue pantgraphs, in order that, if he could not feel a sense of injury so thr as to induce him to repaii it, ho should at least have a sense of shame in being submitted to such degradation. The chastised expressed his perfect satisfaction at what he had received, in the presence of a host of spectators. I understand from an undoubted source, the whole of the British claims aro virtually settled ; Cassar is receiving his in monthly instalments, and the go. remittent is only waiting certain official persons in town to award Mr. Croft the amount which had been illegally paid to his adversaries uuder the Thomas decisions. A paper is clandestinely published hen., called the Peri.licto (la Turtle (afternoon journal),without having qualified ; the proper officer is therefore ordered to proceed against it, if ho has not already duty so, and report his having done so to the ministry of the in ter' or. In bringing some time ago the events at Beja un der your notice, I mentioned the removal of the ob noxious 11th regiment, and its substitution by the 17th ; much distatisfaction has now been expressed at the 11th being ordered to resume its old quarters in lieja, and the 17th to march away. From the 11th having sympathised with Marianno's battalion of assassins, it is presumed the latter will receive a stimulus to repeat the Thomarista tricks at the ensu ing elections, so as to influence the return of Cabra lista deputies in that district. Saldanha is supposed to have some occult agent of Cabralism about him, who is moving in all these reprehensible acts ; it is, however, to be hoped his guardian genius will awaken him to a sense of the danger they may en gender, so as to apply a prober remedy before tt bo too late. In Algarve the Cubarlista reactionary ex ertions are said to be of a nature that ought to draw the attention of the government, with a view to avert their malefic tendency. In all epidemics preven tion is bettet than cure; it would therefore be much more beneficial to the country fur Saldanha to put down Cabralism now rather than refer it to the people, who will most assuredly put it down most effectually if they find themselves forced to it, in defiance of whatever hopes the Cahralites may entertain of the latent desire that is known to exist in the Spanish government to meddle in Por tuguese affairs, but which, it is scarcely to be doubted, the British government will prevent. The Spanish brigs Itolador and Patriota sailed on the oth, the former to the north, and the latter to the south. The Prince Regent and Aretluisa have put to sea and returned several times; the Hogue and Arethusu are in the river, and the Prince Re ,, e„ nt is expected up daily with the Hecate, Commodore Martin being on the point of leaving his marine ro• sidence at the (attune de, Funda fur the house at Janellas Verdes, last occupied by Monsieur Barret, the late French ambassador here. The Sapphire yacht sailed on the 30th ult., the Henri IV. and Narval remain. Exchange, 55;; discount of Lisbon bank notes, 2 per ceut. ITALY. PIEDMONT. The Piethnontese Gazette of the 10th publishes the convention entered into between the Holy See, the Grand Duke of Tuscany, Austria, and the Dukes of Modena and Parma, for the construction of a rail way line, to be denominated the Railroad of Central Italv, which is to connect Reggio with Bologna, Modena, and Pistoria, or Prato; from Itegf, , io it is to branch out in two different directions, one branch leading to Piacenza, the other to Mantua. The execu tion is to lie granted to one or more companies, with privileges to last not more than one hundred years, and the guarantee of a minimum of interest on the capital. The companies are to allow the con tracting governments to establish telegraphic wires along the line, and aro to bind themselves to tran sport at least one waggon per train for the account of the post-office. The Pialmontese Gn:etle, of the oth, states that a small poition of the cable of the submarine telo graph between Calais and Dover has just been de posited in the Royal Armoury of Turin, where the public are admitted to view it. The Corriere Mercantile of Genoa, of the 9th, an nounces the arrival there of a boy, aged 13, named Franciori, with his brother, not more than nine years