The Express. — London, England, 1846-11-27 00:00:00

111 1! ---,—....:—..---,---- ainEDAATRE 'ROYAL COVE NT- GARDEN ' 6 T N. JuLttEN'r &Will BAL kw:QUE.-33 ltiLilda la boor te ionannee Pat his OuNCARTS will teresinaloo lliallijillNtakeFirrplee' SoLliellie IC WO, AN l , MLe il lt i l:V as i su r insisswijr=limm ai . 1 is Irrertateptcaapla aestersisidos d as =, • . makaley et Ai asMONmsusiiiiii MI Le wanr moo odloremin mid II" am ) d im go sdirOesenisinspro mot. 31. Aollealbsp le One that ifferf OMR be Mlle* iiitlha sad to MOM am MA Ws = ll it gilmbesodidoes Obeli, Onolile° K .- Pe :i Ida lii intirtikillilli Wale el • WM. Wel" amolaf sal in anownall Wwfigetwa • • areligmas_Lvt. no_ 'be "icogialm asivairdi of am hilli " alla 00 1 1 0 1 ilthilank V.., the pconat Cern Orelsollass lOW unonews OlMMema atte/pes Oems/dialdift MEM amdfa =MAßLloliso. Ileum ollitildlilibb mile Olio Wet. he=sod MONO wool sew Pablo Wars" and engesoly hr the niellitrl bay Almasies, 1111M em dasillen. —ate wedlones poion et Ile timid" 0 will se the dali le ila elk desweriest easkehbrel with palm ma *OS lai• and Glide et' DINel 410 Absalom left posingaelasisi Some& immosiosly Mgr a. Nit a lode et ads timodases, iontehila - dpi Mom% .. imkemntitthe Proknollm a imp of Alatimewri MIMI% am WOK wale srperisdySllempes over the an sOlrely new ilwmintril rd WWI= sod Wed bye wrissefolpilesgen will ita ao/d0 ...i eler 'MEIN" WM be arsetsh at to the Arepaot Oa Me Pit, will be laurel oil sopresd, thMt w ores re min lea EOM Menrpriaing spiesdnar.—Tidosts the 611. prises et admiske for Spectators f or Oman lye inginess et Ms Thole will be est apart), will be is en. gleon woo- AMIN, als.—gleas Circle, 34.; lens, 3a ; Lower Osampall, , la—Private Banoli from ES 30. arm& 25,1a4S Dozes will haw the privilege of poing to and tom - sag airbi. as extra Camas Water, Xr. a. ...1 bre mews, will be supplied l ye IrlatilhOrinfeinden.atel==per wil IA l tez i rve 1. , ii al. . esognisimVam all- Poe inm the par dam* Harlequins, or Pantaloons, isteraftsitteL the ltald, please, and prison boxes rasy be secured on _ egalealln to Mr. Reilly, at the Bobotllloe of the Theatre, which is . -elm tem 10 tall 3 ; Private Boxes also, at Mr. Mitchell's and Mr. los% Libraries, and at M. Jullien and Co.'s Mardcal Establishment, • 2141. Begot-street. kiEATRE ROYAL COVENT GARDEN.— I'OOITIVELT ME LAST NIGHT BUT ONE OF M. :LIEN'S CONCEIT& PROGRAMME lir TIM EVENINO i i =6 . ; Nov. a. Bunt L—Oleet=ll. PUNK Beetheeell ; the Minuet (an . oiasosestr). Jelliso—lew Ise& 'go pink • maser Ono )lmital•—ifeweilo ilionneitzrmil. Oar ear the INN* ARAM —New *whoa' aean. Mrseast," 1 Mims ligran's Pielvot* Mot thme), N. IL pupil of Dr. lab Maldeesha llothoidy.—irsio, lira et mar* Darret—bolo , • awnel-/Plosna_Berr Koeni g gpobr.—New Polka, The Camelia, .laillam—lleadrMe, . The British Army," (twisted by the four Jim my Draft) Julio Pam IL—Opere,. "Rend Is Diable," selection with Solos, Meyer- Irmr.—Solwa and Orratink Me Birds, from " Semirsmide," Ronal. —How Conde Ponta, "The Amnion," Altai:lL—Solo, Violin, Herr iffINNIET his first appearanse), De Beriot—Dalop, "La Michelle," Egodig. The Concerts oonnatote at Eight, and mercer at Eleven. The demon will the GRAND terminate on BAL MONDMASAY NEXT, November 30 , with AIUE. ---------- 11 YCEUM THEATRE. MR. ALLCROF' PROMENADE GONCERTB. Lot TWO NIGHTS of Mr. ...aldißY RUSSELL. THIS EVENING (Friday), November V. Floownts:—Part L Overture , " Musaniello." New Polka, "The ]fates." Operatic Selection from " Les Huguenots," by Mr. Disdnß alled and hie Four Sons on the S me .h or ns. Waltz,Nafsden" , Mr. Sinclair. Polka, " Vletoein•Albert." Fantasia, Clariolrai, Mr. Dash. New Quadrille, Military. In the course of the evening Mr. Henry Russell will dog some of Ids most popular Soma Part IL— Belentkes from "Macbeth." Solo, Saxe-born, Mr. Distin. Nike, "011eme." Quadrille, "Dracbenkils." Polka, "Elfin.' "ILa Gass Lades." Conductor, M. Negri ; Lenders, Messrs. Overture. W Tbosma.—Pit, Promenade, and Upper Boxes, Is. • Drems Is. lid.; Private Boma, 10s. Id. and 21.. Applisation to be made at ~ the Bo xes. -------- I.A s AUHENT'S CASINO, ROYAL ADELAIDE • GALLERY, STRAND. — The merry Song and the mazy Dance. tropolitan Terpsichoreans v. Phantom Dancers—Band of Fifty Ftelbrouss, conducted by M. Laurent, Jun.—Grand Vocal Concert Refreshing beverages supplied at the must reduced tariff. Admission, One Shilling. Open at Seven, commence at Half-pagit, and terminate at Eleven. Madame Michaud's new Neapolitan Dance taught by the Masters of the Ceremonies every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, at Three o'clock. Terms, 10s. ad- the Three Lessons. 110 VAL POLYTECHNIC INS'IITI7IION.- BY PERMISSION.—PROFESSOR SCIKENBELM'S GUN &NON, differing from all other specimens recently before the public, is lectured on, with other Explosive Compounds, by Dr. Ryan, daily, at half-past . Three; and on the Evenings of _Mondays, Wednes days, and Fridays. The principle of the ELF=RIC TELEGRAPH demonstrated by Professor Rachhoffner. The Oxyhydrogen and Opaque. Microscopes; the Phyalmoopc; Diving Experiments ; ho t ols he Phylolng Views, by Charles Smith dec.—Admission, Is. ; Sc x - he '-' 1 prtoo. MAILS. The moils for Vigo, Oporto, Lisbon, Madeira, Cadiz, and Gibraltar, tell be made up on the morning of the 27th November (to-day i. The mails for New South Malta. yin Diemen's lead, and New Zealand will be mode up on the evening of the 20tk November. The Wert India maih, excluding thaw for Mexico, Honduras, and the Havonnah, will be made up on the morning of the 2nd Decembea. Ths overland trails for Gibraltar, Malta, Greece, the lonian Islands, Egypt, Aden, Ceylon, India, Bong-Kong, and China, via Southampton, will be mode up on the morning of the ant December. The mails for British North America, BCTIMUIIa, and the United States, will be made up on the evening of the 3d December. The mails for the Brazils, the River Plate, one Mont Video, Pernaon mthe - '=hia, Ma tetra, and Buenos Ayres, will ice of the 4th December. Tbe overland dined mails, via Marseilles, to the Mediterranean, Egypt, Aden, Ceylon, India, bong Kong, U., will be made up on the evening of the 7th December. TO CORRESPONDENTS. we cannot notice, In Wy way, any communication that bi sent to no eriouymously ,• but thoec who choose to address Os in confident:evil' And their confldenos respected. N EITHER CAN WE UNDERTAKE TO RETURN ANY MANUSCRIPTS WHATEVER. 11. M. S. Rose.—We can only repeat to Yr. D. N. Welsh what we addressed yesterday to " One (4 the Roses." 'a s s Adverti se ments intended for The Express, L o udon evening paper, meat be at the 06oe by Two o'clock on the day of publication. HIGH WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE. Tem Day.— Morning, 5 min. past 8 ; Afternoon, 42 min. pant 8. To-sionsow.—Morninee, 20 min. past 9 ; Afternoon, 55 min. past 9 LONDON, FRIDAY, NOV. 27. IT is evidently and naturally the intention of our Foreign-office to return a decisive negative to the pro posals made, or about to be made, by . the French government for joint protestations in behalf of O.K-ow. This refusal will, we trust, betray none of the angry or contemptuous sentiment, which partly dictates it. The French Court, no doubt, deserves to be met by those swa the inant feelings, which its conduct has excited. But present proposals for the rescue of Cracow, it is not merely the court or the government of France which addresses us, but the public voice and passion, the generous sympathy, the high-minded and disinterested enthusiasm, of the French people. Such a movement, if it does not at once obli terate our sense of recent injury, cannot but com mand our respect. It shows, how very thin and superficial is that irritation and rivalry in France to wards England, its interests and preponderance, and how much more deep and serious is the hostility and the fear, with far more justice entertained, of the encroachments and preponderance of the despotic powers. These sudden alternations and bursts of political feeling, on the part of the French, now against England, now against Russia, prove both to be the sincere impulses of national feeling, not the cold or crooked calculation of selfish policy, such as one or two writers would endoctrinate. The p r esent enthuniasm through out France for the liberation of Cracow, far greater and more universal than anything of the kind felt in this country, does honour to the French; and we should not only give them credit for it, but meet it, as far as we can with d, where we differ from it, with a calm and cou rteou statement of the reasons which prompt us to hold back. First of all, then, let us say, that the French exag gerate the power, and, perhaps, the right, which Western nations:can use or arrogate in interfering with the East of Europe. For some years after the settle ment of 1815, the Eastern powers did continue to interfere with our Western countries. Russia directed French councils, and was exceedingly busy and influential at Madrid. Within the last fif teen years, however, this has been totally changed. The influence of Russia, Prussia, and Austria, has been literally annulled in the West of Europe. Spain has been revolutionised, and the treatiesof 1815 turned inside out in the resettlement of Belgium. On the other hand the influence of the West has been annulled in the East. Poland has been crushed ; her freedom and her nationality annihilated. All our attempts to save Cracow or open the Danube have failed. Con stitutionalism is mistress of the West; absolutism has taken more firm and unmitigated hold of the East. The line that has thus been drawn by the progress of events between the two great portions of Europe, has completely altered the relative positions and policy of different states. The treaties of Vienna contemplated a state of things quite different from the present, one in which powers and influences were intermingled, in which Russia and France, Austria and England, might go hand in hand. Let us recall the circumstances under which Cracow was declared a free city. The Emperor ALEXANDER was determined on possessing Poland: Prussia was bent on having Baxony: Austria deprecated the double spoliation. The consequence was, that at Vienna, Russia and Prussia leagued together for the support of their mutual pre tensions, whilst Austria, France, and England leagued to preserve the independence of Poland ; nay, went SO far as to fix the amount of the armies which they were to raise and keep on foot for the purpose. This contest, fortunately confined to diplomacy, and in terrupted by the return from Elba, ended by the Duchy of Warsaw being ceded to ALEXANDER, who in turn granted the independence of Cracow, wrung from him, in fact, by Austria. But it was impossible to hope or to effect then the independence of Cracow, had not Austria stood forth as its defender. Is it possible to hope or to effect it now, that Austria has been provoked and turned into an enemy by the Pole. and Cracoviane themselves ? We say that it is impossible except by a European war. ' As we observed the other day, the safe way to give tone to diplomacy is by fleets. Ships may menace without insulting ; they may act as preventives, without waiting for and mo vengeance. But armies cannot be con gogatedmoved without immense preparations, es uerses, and the most grave results. A fleet sent to theDedanellee may save Constantinople,_ without g i v i ng pre zezt for war. An army crossing the Rhine would pat EuroPe in a flame. When the French, therefore propob'e to march upon Landau, as they did upon Antwerp, ant: take it as a guarantee for Cracow — ev en if the - French Court was serious in suc o h a pr posal, sod might be trusted by ut—we s absolutistits and constitutietiol regions, are at variance. They were animated by contending principles as well as by divergence of p,hysieal interests, which once menaced a recurrence to thc sword. But these physical differ ences have disappt„lred. The Eastern powers no longer meddle with th.a West. Let the Western powers no longer meddle with the East, or with its internal arrangements, at least by war, or by aught that could lead to it. But let the en: rugglc of the two prin ciples and the two regions be carried on by reason, by example, by the'srogress of opinion, of experience, and by the cause of general free dons against that of individual might. We have not the least fear of the result not the least doubt that one po-tion of that result will be the restoration of the Poles to their country, and of their country to its nationality and rights. But we do not at all eomidor, w ith the P e cnch, or with many friends of the Poles in this taantry, that this restoration can ever be effected by the arms of the west. However noble the cause, however seen' d the aim, we depre cate alike see i ng R uss i a n b a y o , lets on the Rhine, or French bayonets on the Vistula. The battle, we feel convinced, can be effectually fought with other arms altogether, Poland can now only be saved by the Germans. An d the way to enable the Germans to first eteaneil .ate themselves and then their neighbours, is not 'co attempt to Ttheir governments, or coerce their people. The idea of France now striking s blow 4 It Germany , in order to avenge the fall of Cracow, would, in our opinion, be a most monstrous act of impolic v. Considerations of this kind cannot b ut sway the members of our Cabinet in refusing to join ce Fran at present in any j oint or am fle eing protest, And we hope tha t such con` iders- Cons will be avowed. The present demond for our active alliance and co-operation being t male in obedience to the wishes of the French nat ion, ought not to be rejected with words of to pique or t art retaliation. If the French have stooped regulate the dr policy and decide serious measures by petty, personal, or purely dynastic motives, it is not for a great and free country like England to follow the example. Our grounds of action must be of a higher kind; for where the independence and fate of great countries are concerned, one cannot listen either to the feelings or the words of unsuccessful rivalry or personal spite. Ir is too much to expect human institutions to work perfectly. Although the end and aim of the English Constitution be " to get twelve men into a box," juries are credibly reported to have occasionally fallen into grievous blunders. Metropolitan magis trates are carefuly selected, handsomely paid, and sharply watched, yet they often commit themselves instead of their prisoners. Even judges are sometimes testy, counsel tedious, and attorneys litigious. In fact we are afraid that the machinery of the law is liable to more than the average share of human imperfections. It is expensive and elaborate, yet so old-fashioned as to kick and jar under every altered process, and sometimes to stop altogether rather than help out a new-fangled notion. The shafts and straps and pistons need an enormous amount of oiling, and when all is done, the unhappy wight who ventures to set in motion the jagged wheels, and portentous cranks, and heavy rollers of the law, is very likely to be sucked in by the hitching of some unlucky loop of a technicality, and extricated in a lamentable pickle of purse if not of person. " Costs" is the most fatal in strument of legal machinery. Few use the engine without suffering more or less damage from this part of it. Yet the statutes which box in shafts, and lathes, and fly-wheels,leave "costs" awarded by justices of the peace unfenced by any limitation whatever. The " great unpaid," in working the judicial machi nery, are particularly fond of setting the ooats-crusher in motion. Like mischievous boys in charge of a steam engine, they play pranks which are not the less worthy of punishment, that they are not always fatal. It is marvellous to see a worshipful bench of magis trates setting too for a bout at costs; flinging off their Christian gentleness as clergymen, their neighbourly feeling as squires, and their common sense as men, to I squeeze an unlucky labourer, or white-beaded urchin, 1 under the crusher, on some trumpery charge which they should never have entertained for an instant, much less punished. Prominent among such offenders against the true usefulness and purpose of their office, is the Loughborough Bench. We have had occasion already to call public attention to their proceed ings. Unwarned, we regret to say, by previous lessons, they have recently signalized themselves by conduct which would be ludicrous but for its cruelty, or cruel but for its absurdity ; for we hardly know whether it is best described as imbecile or inhuman. We give the case entire, and unadorned, save by some modest italics : A FARMING'S-WO/Mt OP DAMAo7:!—Jolut and Wi ll iam, sons of John Tyler, of Wiraeswould, were charged with damaging the door of the work-shop occupied by Enoch Crooks, of the same place, on the evening of Wednesday the 4th instant- Mr. Coope ap peared with complainant, and Mr. limiting for the defence. The com plainant and three or lone more witnesses were examined in he support of the charge.—A boy named Ge or g e Heatheoto deposed that saw William Tyler throw a stone at the door, and then, with his brother and a boy named Brooks, run away. On crows-examination by Mr. ' Hoskins. witness said he did not know what was thrown ; and he did sot see defendant WOW II atone.--John Brooks was called in aupport of the charge, and said he was with William Tyler on the evening in question, but did not see him throw a atone. He beard something hit Crookes shop door, and he ran away with William Tyler an soon ass they heard it. Enoch was asked what injury was done to the door, nnd C ro oks ou qty. Mr. Iletworth told him if there was no damage done, the bench amid not grimed with the case. Mr. CO, pesuggested sixpence as the lament, but Crooks estimated it as a farthing; on cross-examination by Mr. Haskins, be said it was not the door which was injured, It was the door-frame. The father of the defendant wassworn, and deposed that Ileatheote had told him the boys were playing at " a nd ;" that he did not see William throw a stone and that Heatheote also said Mr. Goddard (Crooks's landlord) had "frightened him out of it"— William Melding, a joiner, deposed that he had examined Crooks's shop-doer, and found nothing the matter with it. There wan °small indentation in one side of the door-frame, but it teat no damage.—ln the coarse of the hearing of the case it was stated that Crooks had been annoyed by be fore e thrown at the shop-door last winter and the winter before, and he had this winter offered the constable Ss. for the first offender he could catch. Ile did not cam. mon Brooks, because his parents were sorry that he was "in the mess; " but Tyler's mother, he said, blackgturded him very much when he went to them. — The case lasted about an hour and a halt. In the course of it Mr. Hoskins twice raised objections on account of variations between the evidence and the information, but waived them, as he was willing the cane should he decided on its menus.— Mr. Goddard was sent for out of the market, and denied threatening Heatheote to compel him to come and my William Tyler threw the sone. 'nu% magistrates convicted both defendants, and ordered them , to pal one farthing damage, and • fine of Is. each and cads, amount. I ing in all toll. lie. Old. That is to say, the coats of the case are exactly six teen hundred and thirty-three times the damage, and more than seventeen times the whole amount of fine r im This is, we conceive, the most gorgeous sacrificing of the bird to the sauce on record. The cucumbers stuffed with pearls of the Arabian Nights' Entertain ments, furnishes the best parallel to it we can think of. The case is the cucumber, and the costs are the arls. We should not obj ect so much if the Rev. J. DUDLEY, or Mr. ACWORTH, or Mr. DANVERS chose to stuff their own judicial cucumbers with their own magisterial pearls; la other words, to get up silly little cases of their own, and pay their own enormous costs. They are gentlemen of means, and mark, and perhaps can afford the luxury. But think of poor Joni TYLER! However, the justices have law on their side. They are left unrestrained by statute, " when they have heard and determined the matter of the com plaint to award such costs as shall seem fit to be paid by either party." They may levy the amount by distress. Or if, as is often the case, goods and chattels of the victim cannot be found, they may commit him to the House of Correction, with hard labour, for not more than one month, nor less than ten days, or until all be paid. Tolerably stringent powers! But, to speak with the seriousness which this case, more deeply considered, justifies and demands. Here is a double sin on the part of the magistrates of Loughborough. They entertain a case which they should at once have dismissed ; or in which, if they proceeded with it, they should undoubtedly have saddled the party insisting with the costs. As men of consideration, as gentry, and still more as clergy of Oates Cadke Tea THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 27, 1 the ne ighbourhood, thsy shold lave acted as peace makers la. Bach •rideldoO sidder e t,iseteltd• of in.A hernias the erilisto s ease of Air , hus h said a-half 's tallgand, pond and s-Italf Oft. Thos-seem' have been attorneys emplbyed mond con. This is se doubt one reason far the dunenskas both of moan& costs. But one of the most usehl functions of the ^ bench is to crush the litigious spirit which profes pional men often engender, by reusing to hear them in such cases as the present. As magistrates, they are bringing the law into contempt ly lowering its con cern to such wretched subject-malter ; while, at e s ame time, they encourage• others to press similar charges, and thus avenge private feuds by saddling a defendant with excessive and tumwessary costs. The excessiveness of costs is felt, and a great blow struck at it in the Small Debts Act. But the petty jurisdiction of justice-rooms and quarter sessions is characterised to an untold degree by loose ness, tyiranny, oppression, anc illegality. As the duties of every-day life grow more and more complicated and pressing ; as the sphere of the clergyman's or country gentleman's labour becomes enlarged by a higher theory of duty in both callings ; the impossibility of properly com bining magisterial with social duties is becoming every day more apparent. To remedy such conse quences of this as are so glaringly exhibited in the case we have taken for comment, must come to be legislative work sooner or later. Loughborough will have helped to speed the time. This is the only Christian-like consolation we can suggest out of this case to Messrs, DUDLEY, ACWORTH, and DANVERS. Two elements are at work to narrow the field for gambling in legitimate commerce—the incrr'ased ra pidity, regularity and cheapness of cominunicaion by mails, and the increased publicity given to the results of mercantile and manufacturing enterprise. So long as our interchange of information with India, for crimple, was confined to sailing vessels, which had to double the " Cape of Storms," and the intelligence conveyed in them was dribbled out in fragmentary details to individual speculators, the state of the markets remained unknown for long periods, and, at last, was more matter of conjecture and guess-work than real knowledge. Then was the time in which men made and lost fortunes by bold operations on confidential and exclusive communications as on the cast of a die. Now that the bi-monthly Indian mails arrive and depart with more punctuality than the mails between London and Liverpool did within the memory of men still living, and that the eager controversies of financiers and economists are incessantly eliciting parliamentary returns, illus trative of the state of trade, everybody is pretty much on a par in regard to knowledge. Commerce has been converted from a game of partial hazard to one of pure skill and persevering attention. ROWLAND HILL, WAGIIORN, and others, have done much to promote the speed, regularity, and cheapness of intercommanication ; and the public servants, whose function it is to provide sound and accurate information for the carriers established under their auspices, seem resolved not to lag behind them. The valuable statistics embodied in returns to parliament ary orders and in evidence before parliamentary com mittees by the late Mr. DEACON HEIM ; and Mr. PORTER, and the still more important collec tions of the tariffs, commercial laws and trading statistics of all nations by Mr. MAC6REGOR can scarcely be estimated too highly. And far the actual truder yet more serviceable are the monthly " Accounts relating to Trade and Navigation,' now issued from the statistical department of the Board of Trade. These accounts for the nine. months ended 10th of October, 1846, have been published. 'They are alike important to the merchant who re quires to know the actual relations of supply and demand in respect of our great staples- of export and import, and the legislator who seeks to note the progress of the bold and. Fenerous experiments in commercial le ion now in progress. On the whole, these annals of British commerce ibr the current year are satisfactory. We yesterday directed attention to the immense distance to which our country has shot ahead of all contemporary nations in the amount of that surplus produce of its industry for which it has to seek foreign markets. The actual condition of a nation is,. how ever, but partially and unsatisfactorily indicated by its foreign commerce. The true index of pro= „ ity is the amount of the products of a nation's in that it con afford to consume.. Is io poesibio not very probable) that the masses of a largely exporting nation may be subjected to pressure and discomfort—may be the poor silk-worms which toil for the enjoyment of others. Now the amount of home consumption is, of all others bearing upon national industry, the point respecting which it is most diffi cult to obtain authentic and satisfactory information. The Customs establishment enables us to ascertain with sufficient accuracy for all practical purposes the extent and value of our foreign trade; but no corre sponding register is kept of the amount of our home trade ; and it would be an insufferable nuisance if there were. The system of warehousing in bond supplies us with some indications of the extent to which innocent indulgences are brought within the reach of the masses. Cocoa, coffee, tea, sugar, currants, and raisins, are articles of which a large and increasing consumption denotes generally diffused prosperity. They are known to be consumed by all classes, and the quantity that any one individual can consume is necessarily limited. When the quantities of these articles "entered for home consumption" are consider able, and when the consumption of each successive year is greater than that of its predecessor, it is no rash inference to assume that the circle of the " com fortable classes" is comparatively wide, and that it is expanding. The quantities of these articles en tered for home consumption during the first nine months of the years 1844, 1845, and 1846 respec tively, as shown by returns above referred to, are as follows : 1844. 1845. 1846. lbs. lbs. lbs. 2,1166,572 1,960,671 2,130,298 03,827,569 20,807,124 27,3116,336 31,661,018 33,972,615 ,962,760 Orb.. Oft!, Card. Sugar 3,204,892 3,885,923 4,021,471 Currants 170,048 184,129 226,917 }Ludas In the accounts for the eight months ended sth cieptember (published last month), there is an enu meration of the several articles charged with duties of excise for that period. Its indications correspond with those which we find in the Customs returns. The quantities of malt retained for home consumption, on which duty was paid, were : 22,878,085 bushels in 1844 ; 23,544,765, in 1845 ; 25,948,466, in 1846. The number of bricks retained for home consumption, on which duty was paid, were : 787,426,759, in 1844 ; 911,903,319, in 1845 ; 1,073,282,629, in 1846. From these figures we are warranted to infer that, during the last three years, the numbers of individuals able to indulge in comfortable healthy nourishment, and commodious lodging, has been on the increase. It is deserving of remark, that during the same pe riod, the exports of our staple manufactures have been, on the whole, stationary. In fact, there has been a slight falling off. The decrease is sufficiently ac counted for by the state of the supply of vegetable food in all countries during the last two years, and the consequent disturbance of commercial operations. It is one of those incessant oscillations from year to year. It is of no signification, in so far as our foreign trade is concerned; but it is of importance, in so far as it exists simultaneously with the increased demand for articles of general consumption. It shows that the increased power of consuming has been derived from the briskness of the home trade ; that to an increased demand at home for the produce of home industry has been owing the general ability to expend more money on imported commodities. There are other important indications in these re turns, to which we will direct attention in a future article. But the cheering light which they throw upon our social condition naturally arrested our at tention in the first place. The arrival of the London papers of Monday was waited for with much anxiety in Paris on Wednes day, as they were expectcd to bring the first intel ligence of the effect produced by the Austro-Russian spoliation on the English public. The more solicitude was felt on this occasion as the contents of the French press of last week would have undeceived those in England who charged the Cabinet of the Tuileries with a secret complicity with the Northern courts. The papers arrived by express in time on Tuesday night to enable the leading journals of Paris, on Wednesday, to comment on their contents, and make them known to the French public generally. The result has produced in Paris a lively sense of atilittnolh teiraiitea , tbat L a ConlinOn committed and a strong andidence is now it the Spann& quarielatill be ll:ergot:ten iafha sentiment of indignatioh at the out rage comm._ 1 equally artiart France dud England bye the audacious act winch has been perpetrated in the north. Friends of peace and progress are even 'sanguine in their hopes, that the course which events have taken may lead to a more express, formal, and enduring alliance than the implicit pact so long known as the entente eordiak. Those parties in France who have hitherto chiefly opposed and disparaged the alliance, have been brought to give their adhesion to it by the present emergency. Any obstacle, therefore, which its realization may have to encounter can now exist only on the other aide of the channel. MM. Thiers and Barrot are as ardent in its favour as ever were M. Guizot and his friends; and the cry on every hand is, that the great politl interests of the two countries ought not to be sacrificed to the comparatively. small question which roduced g the recent dissension in reference to the Spanish con nexion. A report has been mentioned in our 'mot cones th - pondenee from the MadriA ,journals si tuation situation of the Qu een of Sian. Such a u sta thnce would aid in smoo thin g awa y the obstacles to e restoration of a good understanding between the oonntries. In reply to one of the London jounials, which still expresses suspicion of the good faith of the French government, the Journal des Debuts says : There is a very simple way of dispelling these doui;ts. If the French government had any share in the destruction of the republic of Cracow it will not have the face to protest, in common with England against an act with which it has been associated. It will turn away and reserve itself for a separate protestation. Let its good faith be put to the proof; let England propose to anise with it in a common protestation. If the French ministry draws back or stammers out bad res. sons for its refusal, we will be the first to condemn it. Surely the misunderstanding of France and England is a danger for the whole world; it is a misfortune for civilisation, for liberty, and for humanity. If it be true that the mere rumour of a coldness between France and England bas canoed the fall of the republic of Cracow, must not all ' enerous minds on the one and the other aide of the channel I h asten to efface even the appearance of this fatal coldness. There are in the world only two principles : First, that of force, of whisk the northern courts declare themselves the organs ; secondly, that of right, which has no representatives capable of makiag it respected except France and England united. The statement in the English journals of Monday, that Count St. Anlaire has been recalled from Lon don, is officially contradicted. That minister will re turn to his post, to resume his functions as before. The Bey of Tunis visited all the ministers on Mon day, and held with M. Guizot a private conversation of some length, at which Mustapha Kasnadar and the Chevalier Rafo only were permitted to be present. In the evening he was entertained by the King at dinner at St. Cloud. The Infanta Isabella Ferdinanda de Bourbon ar rived in Paris on Saturday from Brussels, her usual place of abode, and proceeded directly to the Palace of the Elysee Bourbon. On Sunday she was received by the King at St. Cloud. The favourable effect of the accordance exhibited by the contents of the London journals of Monday be tween the public in London and in Paris on the Cra cow affair, and the probability of a re-establishment i of the good understanding between the countries by means of that question was more apparent at the Bourse on Wednesday, where every species of security underwent an increase of price as compared with the preceding days. The 3 per Cents., as well as the 5 per Cents., rose per cent. Shares were also nnsually buoyant, a rise taking place in nearly all of them. Paws, Nov. 25.-1. considerable improvement took place Seeley in stalks and shares of every desniption, whitir may be ascrtheitto the improved prospect of harmony between the governments of F r aser and Enetand; owing to the coincidence of their views respecting the Croome affair. Three per Cents., 82 25; tine per Cents., 117 40; Four-ancLa-kalf per Cents., 111; Four per Centa, 105 60. Belgian Fives, 1840, 991; Digo, 1842, Mi. Naples Bents, 102. Boman Loan, 99. Mink Shans i 34 65. Exchange an London (30 days), 25 45 ; Ditto (90 days), 25 35 p., 23 321 cash. Peale,. Nov.2s.—ParteandOethesta, 1227 50; Paris and Ronen,ll7s ; Rouen and 11401*, 438 75; Minion and Monello*, 870 ; litnisiurg and Bile, 218 75; Bordeaux, 547 50; North, 63925; Paris and .trer, bora, 460; Tears and Nantes, 4x2'50; Paris and Lyons, 503 75 ; stontaresu and Troyes, so; Dieppe and Fkamp, 35tt 50 ; AMittl and Boulogne, 440. The Madrid journals of the 19th, with oar private correspondence, have reached , us in due course. To judge by the activity displayed by the different factious, the struggle at the coming elections will be severe. The Conservative candidates for Madrid are MM Mon. Fidel. Martinez de la Rosa, Perez., Povar, Perales, Marquis de la Gaviria, Campoamor, and others. The candidates of the Opposition are MM. Pachecho, Salamanca, Mocedal, Pastor Dias, Seijas, Llorente. At Cordova the contest will be sharp ; M. Pachecho, chief of the Conservative Opposition in the Chamber of Deputies, presents himself on the one side, and Count de Torres Cabrera, formerly Alcade of Cordova, a wealthy landed-proprietor, on the other. Both have issued addresses to the electors, and a lively polemio has begun on the subject in the Tiempo and Imparcial. The 19th being the Queen's fete, a court was held, and a grand ball given in the evening. No news hid been received from Portugal. Owing to the fete of the Queen the Bourse was closed on the 19th. FRANCE.—BEY OF TUNIS.—We read in the Presse, relative to the presentation of the Bey of Tanis, at the Tuileries: "The Turkish Ambassador claimed the right of himself presenting his Highness to the King, as be had done in the case of Ibrahim l'aaha. Oa the present occa sion the claim could not be listened to ; for, as France had been iu direct relation with the Beys of Tunis for ages, and had often concluded with them treaties and conventions, she considered the present Bey as a Sovereign Prince. In fact, everywhere the honours due to reigning Princes are paid to the Bey." EMEUTE IN BOULOGN&—For some time past there have been considerable shipments of lean cattle, sheep, poultry, and potatoes from this port for England. In consequence, the markets have been forestalled and the price very much increased. The authorities have received several remon strances upon the subject, but the love of gain has hitherto induced them to turn a deaf ear to the complaints of the people. On Wednesday a steam-vessel (the Wallace) came into port specially chartered and fitted up for the con veyance of lean heifers, sheep, and potatoes—the heifers about 30 in number, were tied up to the chains alongside the quay, and opposite to the steam-boat ; the sheep were close by, and the potatoes in sacks piled upon the wharf. Part of the latter were shipped, and the sailors were proceeding to complete the cargo when a crowd assembled around them, (this was about four o'clock in the afternoon). As the mob increased they became very noisy, and exhibited strong symptoms of resisting the loading of the vessel, vociferating loudly against the baseness of those who were engaged in the traffic. It was in vain that the douanier guard endeavoured to disperse them. They crowded the quays, and fell to work upon the sacks of potatoes fromwh ich theyhelped themselvesplentifully. The port was covered with increasing numbers, and the poorer inhabitants of Boulogne were as fast as they could proceed ing to join the tumult. The mayor, sub-prefect, and bar bour•master, with their respective officers, hastened to the spot, and used their, best endeavours to quell the riot by ' persuasive means, but in this attempt they were baffled by the fish-women, and others of their sex, who hemmed them into a circle, and fairly bullied them into a fearful state of apprehension. In this alarming condition, with a dense mob of the lowest orders about them, they sent for the troops of the line from barracks, and called out the National Guard. A double file of the former soon arrived upon the spot, and proceeded to form around the bags of potatoes; but the crowd, no way in timidated, proceeded to hustle the soldiers, who bore their pressure and abuse for sometime with great forbearance; and not until the captain's face was covered with mud, and the sub-prefect struck with a atone, did they offer to oppose with force of arms. Twice they presented bayonets, but the commanding officer, fearing the result, withdrew the command. They then attempted to take some of the most active of the mob prisoners ; but no sooner had they captured one, than a desperate rush was made upon them by the women, and the man was invariably rescued. A humorous scene now diverted the multitude during the onset with the soldiers, who were protecting the shipment of the potatoes—a portion of the crowd had cast the whole line of heifers loose, and were driving them at a furious rate back into the town, followed by the mayor and the troops. However, the mob kept possession of the cattle, and suc ceeded in driving them towards the Upper Town, where they were met by a body of police, who endeavoured to turn them back again by the way they had come, but in this they were defeated: for the peo ple, finding they could not gain the Haut Pale, turned off by the Tantilleries, and so avoided a conflict. One poor beast, who was separated from the rest on the quay, was twice pushed over the side into the water of the port, and was eventually rescued by the sailors of an English coal brig, who slung sonic tackle round its horns as it was swimming, and hoisted it on to the land again. The mob now retired from the port into the public streets, and proceeded to sing their national songs, accompanied with great shouting and the breaking of lamps and windows. The drum is now beat ing to arms, the National Guard (by no means in a hurry) arc mustering in the Fish-market, and the Rue de l'Eui and the adjoining streets are filled with soldiers, and people of all orders, who seem to approve of the acts of the multitude, and speak of them as a bon ouvrage. I hear that they intend to try and ship the cattle about two in the morning, just before high tide ; if they do so I apprehend a very for midable resistance, and I fear bloodshed. The lower classes of Bouloz,ne are very much disposed for mischief, and I do not wonder at it when I 'more you that potatoes are nearly three times the price they would otherwise be were it not for the large exportations of' them to England. The trades peopl:e are equally well disposed to stop the traffic of shipping provisions to England, as it greatly increases the price of all such articles of consumption as are exported. An express has been sent to Paris by the mayor, and it is expected that an order will come down from the government to suspend the traffic in articles of food for the present. Ten o'clock at night.—All is now quiet ; the authorities are on the a alert e ; the guard is under arm s ; and I hope the fair may . end where it is ; but I doubt it. Except the injury done to the sub-prefect by a stone, Ido n he ar of any other serious disaster. Thursday Morninu is quiet at present: the two steam-boata, the Wallace and Britannia are still here ; they have not since at tem p ted to ship the cattle (of whom three were killed in the affray of last night). Six hundred sheep, intended for exportation, have been stepped about two miles off. Troops have been sent for from St Omer. C:msiderable damage was done last night to the house of the mayor and the wind° s of three or four other persons. SPAIN.—The Phare de Bayonne of 21st instant says, Oeneral Floret arrived on the 11th, at Nitta:, and left the same day for Santander, where he is to embark for his country. A letter from Catalonia of the 19th says : A band of forty armed Carlists presented themselves at Oriole, a Nil. lege between Girone and Figuieres ; they were immediately pursued by the troops. _ As. rAttLANDS.—TRE HAGUE, Nov. 24.—The Netherlands Stoats Courant publishes officially the treaty of commerce and navigation concluded at St. Petersburg on the 13th of September last, between the Netherlands and Russia. It fills eleven columns of the journal. The Grand Duke of Schwerin has just addressed the following rescript to the head of the Israelite congrega tions:—"ln answer to the petition of the bead of the Israelite community which was presented to us on the 24th of March this year, we inform him by these presents th.at we shall be in future, as we have hitherto been, always rea,iy to favour with the greatest goodwill everything that may contribute to the amelioration of the condition of the fsraelh'es in our cot.nti7, and that we shall invite the cooperation of the States on this subject. The head of the Israelite .community may judge how much we have at heart the welfare' of our Israelite subjects by the annexed copy of the edict by which we have j ust suppressed, after Midsum pier, 1847, th,• annual tax hitherto paid by the Israelites. — Wren at Sehw erin. Nov. 9,1846." ITALY.—T.he Pontifical Government, according . to it letter from Rona e, has appointed consuls for the principal porta of Turkey, a. ad intends to send to Constantinople • diplomatic agent to i negotiate a treaty, by which more effec tual security would be given to the Christian subject s of the Sultan in the eau, 'lse of their religion. AUSTRIA.—IYSB. RUCK (TYROL), Nov. 17.—A considerable increase of t lat 7 on the exportation of corn and lour was imposed on th e 16th, on the whole frontier of Tyrol and Voralberg. Tht s measure regards Switzerland. VIENNA, Nov, 10.—A new law is expected shortly ' for redeeming the meet , ' in Galicia. The bourse showed more firmness. The opinions of the English and French journals on the incorporation of Cracow was anxiously ex petted. Lord Ponsonby is said to have received the com munication without replying one word. The Li Clams Gazette contai, la the following letter, some months many perms. , suspecter, ' that the town was to :—" transpired to warrant dated Cracow, 16th, the day of th , ; incorporation For become Austrian, though nothing hat. the supposition ; all was silent as the t. made persons think that on the 11 th of * mil., which, however, September, the fate of the constitution would not be celebri tted as usual. But last night the report was suddenly spread without, however, being credited, that the republic was to h annexed to Aus tria on the morrow ; and this did actual. 'y take place this morning. Thousands were present at the solemnity. It is remarkable that in the proclamations not one word is said about England or France in speaking of the treaties. What ever may result from this event, it can not b e salutary, and it is to be feared that in • few days the prior of all indis pensable articles will rise considerably." BAVARIA.—The King of Bavaria, in e t msidemtion of the present high prices of provisions, has malt an increase of 20 per cent. upon the salaries of all person. ; employed under the government, and of the performers and other persons engaged at the court theatre of Munich. GERMANY.—FRANKFORT, Nov. 21.—We . e learn that the Prussian General Post-office is about formic .g • ge neral German postal convention, in order to bring about an agreement to impose one uniform rate of postage on all the German States. For this purpose it is proposed to ;Jere all German Postoffices under a central administration. Nov. 22.—We have received from different quart.?ri, accounts of the impression made all over Germany by this resolution of the three powers for the incorporation of tile Republic of Cracow with the Austrian empire. Letters from the Russian capital say that the news had caused a panic on 'Change, and that , all the funds which had latterly rieen a little, had fallen considerably. Accounts from Vienna, of the 18th, are of the same tenor. This state of uncertainty has had an unfavourable effect on various branches of commerce. Thus a latter from Hanover, of the 17th of November, says the uncertain state of things at present has, we are sorry to say, a very unfavourable influence on our manufactures, and espe cially the jewellers complain that their commissions are much inferior to what they usually are at this season of the year. There is, unfortunately, but little prospect that matters will be better in the succeeding year.. STurromto, Nov. 19.—The Chamber of Commerce in this city, in a report to the Minister of Finance, has stated the disadvantages of the commercial convention between Holland and Belgium, to the manufactures of the states of the Zollverein, and requesting that measures may be taken to put an end to those disadvantages, particularly by im posing differential duties on Dutch colonial produce. The Frankfort Gazette, of the 23rd instant, says, that it will shortly publish an impartial article on the pre tended violation of the treaties of Vienna. It says that it regards the incorporation of Cracow as a natural consequence of the flagrant violation of the integrity of the Austrian empire by the advance of armed insurgents from Cracow into the territory of Galicia. LEMBERG.—Three instigators of the late insurrec tion (the two Princes W— and the emissary B—) have had their sentence read to them, which condemns them to ten years' imprisonment. They have been already conveyed to the Fortreis of Kufetein. CRACOW.—Count Devm, imperial commissary, has appointed M. Niemann ae Palmrode actual president, to superintend the provisional administration of the city; but nothing has transpired of future arrangements It is pre sumed that Cracow will remain • free city, like Brody. TOE EtnE, Nov. 13.—A union between the royal houses of Sweden and Prussia is not viewed favourably by the Russian and Danish cabinets. At Copenhagen they would have liked to see Sweden join them against Germany. They overlook that Sweden desires the re-establishment of Scandinavian unity, which it is not the interest of Germany to oppose. The cause of the duchies of Schleswig and Hol stein, the German nationality of which cannot be questioned, would be a considerable gainer if the Scandinavian faction carried the day. The Scandinavians find their most ener getic opponent at St. Petersburg, whose interest it is to keep the North disunited, and who aims at the domination of the Baltic. To this Prussia and Sweden are regarded as great obstacles. DESCRIPTION OF CRACOW. The following striking description is taken from the recent work of M. Xavier Marmier: Cracow is a city, the aspect of which is at once majestic and painful to contemplate. It is the cradle of a monarchy, and the tomb of a nation ; the town in which kings were crowned, and where they are now buried; the capital of • powerful empire, and the powerless head of a narrow dis trict; the first page of a heroic epoch, and the last line of a disastrous history. It is a monument of splendour and of nothingness. Nature adds to these contrasts by her fresh ness and brightness. Approaching Cracow from Warsaw, nothing meets the eye but a large green valley, fertile as the Touraine in France, and strewed with trees as in Normandy.' TheVistulawaters it,meandering amongst golden crops ; and at the horizon are seen the varied lines of those great chains of mountains which spread from the Black Sea to the Danube. In the middle of this vast valley rise the Gothic peaks of the churches of Cracow, the blackened walls of its ramparts, and the creviced towers of its castle, the decrepit works of man side by side with the eternal youth of nature. In the interior of the town, as well as the country which surrounds it, there is not one monument which is not illustrated by some noble reminiscence; not a brook, not a hill, which does not recall to mind an historical tradition or a fabulous legend. On the steep summit of the Wawel, Cracus, the founder of the Polish monarchy, constructed a fortress, and gave his name to the city which spread itself before him. Near the village of Moguls, are buried the remains of the heroic Wanda, the first Queen of Poland, daughter of Crocus, beautiful as an angel, according to theold chronicles, and proud and courageous as a valkyory. ellieoW, founded by Cracus, at the end of the seventh century. was the residence of kings till the commencement of the 17th, at which epoch Sips mund 111. established himself at Warsaw, and until 1764, preserved the privilege of crowning the sovereign of Poland. All in the town bears an imposing character of age. A ram part surrounds it yet, as it did in the time when it was the buckler of Poland. The streets arc mostly tortuous and dark, like those of the middle ages, and the houses have festooned gables, like Augsburg or Nurcmburg. Here one sees gates adorned with small columns and covered by vines, as they are in the pleasant villages along the Rhine; there are statues of saints, and further the patois of the bishops, whose favours were long since courtsd by kings, and the old university—the first of the old Sclavonic universities, alter Prague. On all sides peaked towers and gilded crosses meet the eye. There are no less than thirty-eight churches in Cracow, all remarkable : some by their architecture, others by their pious traditions. That of Notre Dame dates from the thirteenth century ; it con tains thirty marble altars ; that of St. Peter and St. Paul was reconstructed by Sigismund 111., on the model of St. Peter at Rome ; that of the Dominicans, founded in 1230, possesses a double row of stalls of sculptured oak,wrought admirably. The long political vicissitudes which have desolated and op pressed the people of Cracow have not yet extinguished their religious feelings. One Sunday I saw the artisans of the city, the peasants from the country with their wide blue dresses adorned with red borders, and the women with pieces of white linen, which they throw in shawl-fashion over their shoulders, running from church to church, prostrating tams selves in the squares before them, and kissing the mad& floors of the naves. One day I crossed the market-plain at the moment when a priest was about to take the last sacra meat to a dying man ; he walked under a canopy held over him by attendants, tour soldiers with shouldered muskets escort. d hos, and a young chorister went bell. At the sound of tho bell all the took off their hats, and the themselves on their knees. I cortege as far as the house wh The four soldiers established themselves ¢oor ' and upwards of 100 p ersons were with their hands crossed on their brew low voice, until the priest cams out. all that these poor people have Offered, it think,Ahat, in the midst of their gored", served the piety which consoles th which strengthens it. e heart, In the centre of the city, upon a high .. down upon the distant plain, rises the Mil kings, rebuilt by Casimir the Great, enricb g sore, and devastated by the Austrians, staircases, and traversing the galleries of t' no traces left of the ornaments described in of admiration by the travellers of the ley, but its thick walls, its old towers, which so imposing an appearance, and the recollection heroic dwellers have given, stamped on i sublimity. This castle has seen sin powe• beneath its vaulted roofs. It has seen seated on the throne of the dagellons, . women, Marie de Goozague and Marie the sceptre and the crown of Poland. The the great Gustavus Vasa received there royalty ; then the descendants of the Electors then the noble Seanislaus Lesczynski, blessed in one of our provinces; and, the Empress Catherine. Now all is days of splendor, with those national attracted the attention of the who, The castle has been despoiled of its robbed of the crowns of the kings preserving tombs. There repose all them whose hearts , beneath the robes of royalty; under that lies the entire history of five centuries, tom , aspect, often sublime. There are the mont of Casimir the Great, of Stephen Baton, of the Second ; and there the chapel of the 1 shining with a lustre due to the piety of the, to the hands of a skilful sculptor. In the TI the remains of the heroes to whom Poland sentiment of love and veneration. Led by the crypt, by the light of a trembling it black sarcophagus the name of Sobieski, . Kosciusko, on a third that of Poniatowski, blage of three imperishable names, squat reunited in the tomb, the last treasures whom everything else has been taken away. The royal castles of the dagellons and of tl only an Austrian barrack. The University, hat since one of the richest in Europe, only o— seventy students. The town of Cracow, contained 100,000 inhabitants, is now redi ti d From the height of the terrace of Wawel, ire tobeyg, three points of the horizon, three gigantic Mask, those near I:pasal, which bear the names of th e dew * navian gods. The first of these contains the name Crocus ; the second that of Wanda, his heck fuk and the third, raised by the pious love of a visit p ti i7, consecrated to the memory of Ko•einsko. r Ruts' -as w, -0 ! cow° o w iliT4e w elle *WWII ir iaaa /PO Mem ti•id driTe ti leob:l7assed,i.ngeedPth:nasget e.q o ula r tc i yis nd iis i n i nd ec iur t l ta t s u a b. ti ya ca ti l astnii.. -- i : UNITED STATES TARIFF. Mr. Dallas, the vice-president of the 6es, whose casting vote the assent of that body to the ewe, - was given, has published a letter on the saliket• aw n — an address from a body of his constituents, u t th,V i the subject of a tariff, however, difficulties etiZ t .. ' " complex and covert, by which the people weretiee d this d occurs. ec deceived . and impoverishes without its agency le ing pernial • — no m or wages become inadequate, and it is net • which men are obliged to Pla pay for their ima *ma their clothiug, their howehold mem+ theuramar their comforts. The demand of the tax-collector, Tha t * them fur the ordinary rates and levies is distinct wini . if that be exorbitant, they redress themselves byeink more economical county commissioners—the ; direct and undisguised, and they know their remedy It so with the taxation which takes the shape of dation* ports. The ploughman is uaeonicious of hiving padens or levy upon the machine with which be is forrowiaglh so is the blacksmith as to his anvil, and the tangy** as to her blankets, her purer; and her salt—they baratir articles at a neighbouring store for the same moryis others paid, and nothing intimated that pan of the they gave was the reimbursement or final myrmidon lie tax. We of Pennsylvania. who can 'cutely eine quiet under the imposition of three sin pet ddla meet the interest on our debt, hare actually buena customed to contribute from our means, without the shits murmur, 50, nay, 100 times as much, in as many duce modes, under the operation of the tariff of 15i/ Fen only pay our share towards supportisg the min government, but we also pay that partial rd ea price of every article we buy over and abort she; aronkl have coat if the tariff had not been muter Ofar old tariff he says A strong and Residing ih trwtiom presents itself in a roe ntlyslistriboted dem addressed by the Secretary of the Treasury to Comm, received at the close of the late sewien. Oar einem should have their attention invoked towsrui dui reed able paper—remarkable in every asret—its had lain its precision, its cogency, its authentic facts, Were* results. Nu development of which 1 cm awes he trend equally lucid mad impressive. It purport. ton %MK compliance with a resoltaion of the senate, rdolitaitit manufactured articles upenwhichs4,oooo4oitia( niiin are annually paid to the protected classes foot ts tre sew treasury !) by enhancing the price of the domestic and the amount so paid on each article,' loader the ns 1842 ; and by accurately formed tasular stemma it blishes the annual aggregate of indirect tannin imp' that law—seen and unseen—the government sad tot f. classes, to exceed 82,000,000 dole. Were the ,ha people sensible that this tariff, which ostennhly laendh single vein, practically made them bleed at evertor which professed to collect for public uses 18,000 X yet silently and imperceptibly drew also, for prime as poly, almost twice that great 1.111/1 ? Did we d lace monwealth realise the extraordinary niggle by dint federal legislature, seeming to seek from a duty mania a gross revenue of but 2,237. 42 7 dela. , actudft ateeL total tax of 26,815,847 dole . ? and , seeming to . ard eat duty on coal alone the sum of 130,221 dols., words% of 6,869,092 do's. ? and, seeming to seek from a dal manufactures of wool alone the sum of 3,731,0e/dig , * toned a tax of 10,487,145 dole.? xs The new tariff he thus describes : I wish IA understood to prefer the substitution of excise for istat There are asperities in the former which render had intolerable among • people peculiarly sensitive r domiciliary visits ; and it is abuse only that male a latter mischievous. Certainly our libertieswdAdbe ide under a system of open direct taxation with di, roughnena, than under a prolonged aflaigi , tn iimi furtive oppression, prose in equality, and • Mmoral impel characterise the tariff of 1812. 13 ut reduce the &die se half, take from them their tendency to nose saw polies, adopt value, instead of name or form, es the nage ling standard, drop the false hypocrisy of RI it! • the thing, essentially democratised, becomes at leasthsm less. Such, in plain truth, is the law whichGrest_C!. tress" has passed to commence operating on the P. Ist a timber next. That law may contain errors of deuL _ able as developed by expe ri ence; hut, campsndively2 traits are equality, justice, moderation, and candour. Iy. the necessary revers is sought at Custom - hou ses, ri expeence less wrong and incur lee' risk, fromo. founded on its principles than from any other f thr y If I am not mistaken in the pervading spirit o irs political economists will hereafter say that its *goo r; security to the earnings of labour , a nd hmits to the pove capital. 6 promin" " The home operation of the tariff of 184 genial and salutary ; I mean in regard to the girt trial Its reduction of taxes o ne half is mairO. relief—its indirect abatement of prices and the Mem ° . penses of comfortable living, awakens hope in then brio:. all whose wages or means are low and precari..°!.. tendency to oblige capitalists to seek the success of tat!: vestment* rather in a fair and genorous, than in aa s tolf and avaricious treatment of their workmen, yields lion to the moral independence and dignity of hr . : worthier of attainment than that which the msanuf; demands for his wares. There is much more to the citizen of a republic than his oPPor t a , work. Re is not merely to devote his or, teasingly to acquire bread and • numen L T be at .. of man"—rights ton readily ridiculed or f are his; the yearnings of mind and of heart art_ pride of character, the sense of natural reaalitY,:iiiria of independence, are his; the ennobling retinae!. of domestic life are his; and the law which wovna.. j ro all these uon the wretched pretext of securing .. 11 market where he can sell the s trength of his viir wa o dexterity of his fingers, is a law for the grudul l ment of slavery on the basis of animal necessities. The tariff of 1846 recommends itself no less by 1. 1. lt siderations connected with its exte rn al bearing ita wit h O 7r; ji is in greater harmony than its predecessor v • ideas of international commerce prevailing thro.nuno,:, world. Retaliatory restrictions on trade are ngt7 ; ai The vista of general peace stretches far inei fuO, navesloo invites us to mingle on terms of reciprocitl friendship with our fellow men everywhere. Mil' L.,jass culture exults in the liberty of Pending her eurel.o thousands of miles of land and thousands of aides: lo i 11 to the famishing sons of Ireland. Our eropit u of:i Indian corn are suddenly augmented in val c . gT og s 40,000,000 dol. ; an effect of opening the gafe i s: i LaJ. channel, which will carry gladness to the lam 1...tri0. every farmer. Assuredly this tariff is far from " that, of course, cannot be pretended while the th 28 e'" . „ A la* cesaary to maintain the government, say exacted from our imports alone, but it roectsmo?s. for enment half way ; and, though still diserininatiaf Ist of our own industry, it gives a much broa:lner ire r'ol,oo was heretofore given to the industry and countries. I 7 1 ' fl*l COLONIAL. WEST INDIES. TRLNIDAD.—Notici® a meeting on , the ol duties already published, we find allusions M u. e ,,i,10 Cuatom-house system, and the navigation lawt, "'— full of augury. 0 0 ions is that thll i• The principal objection to the !venlig , ~, w do iI ,$ meeting the character of an anti -slavery WAY , w''" urf ie ono had become anti -slavery men all of a maiden. und IP ioasS,, of Lord John Russell's measures, which would lookl, l l 00 5 sincerity an our part. Far better, in my °Pinion , 7r-- - rlt d' to have stuck to the tact that Wart Mai intemdf ri.i7;;, Of; materially by the introduction of .Lice Auras in corsaeu7,, ~,,,,c0 , and to have stated frankly that our opposition be to thee, 11 , , a 0 Mite We taw plainly that. w e were alma to iiiii` the it i au - - d Pas ms , Lit o ar "H----7717"."---5..'64t . .1 itsrehrhittelll"44c: 11111:41-. :"4 :aull•"" --11411 Lin ,,...9 naves as delial is were tho u, o dgeosl breasts, sad .. oaf ut. Whet u is -7-1 . Ose.v. saffered, it i t _ 000 T 414 ; suffering s Me t 4 4 .tits ' the heart, aua Wmows . aslisli._."2 • hig rook whig i iia, see theh QUAD d M r A eat, enriched by his valid, Arians. In uctut ~ wo g t ?ries of thi s muk t! out id abed in suck glowi egu 7 , skim i t the seventeenth u,--` is.._,,,t ° '- , era, which stm liZi o•--i; he recollection of ih " aped on it a MO Per tOt Oil powerful 61; arm as seen on e o f h i' Who 'gallons, and two d Marie d' lug* sad. The deleoshm iced then tha 11 oat" 4 the Sleeting of a /V nski, whose sem oi. e and, fi 4 oleo lth gs t Elli r all is owe egg drive, national heft. cm t' the whole ot TI led of its wee* , and lags preserving 1.4 and rho.? hearts ones keg the under that siguka mt even turies, sometimes We i ii the monuments of l Batori, of the ra w am new t pel of th e gi . m e * T piety of their atereloo, . In the ri s k s b ey will out Poland ro we d u end rt. Led by a not o • the +molding lamp, I hat She' Sobieski, on author ha to N o t 'oniotowski, MMus ;les, separated hy t a, treasures of a mu% b a n taken away. vie lone and of the Pio t , offic University, hot a limo, 1 '..urope, only mimic a u offic of Cracow, which k uu , I ,is now reduced to bit t Wo of Wawel, ar e to haul pan: la gigantic tataila,tueil ' Tint he names of the thick*, Vir+ est oontains the react E. F. J Venda, his hunk hoe ous lore of a whit p et , the It o.cinsko. his ~ f ~~ Lj r 4 I