The Express. — London, England, 1853-11-07 00:00:00

zit, erpregio. TO CORRESPONDENTS. ise mai Witless et Espreee," eniasising the ..e evening's ..G publisbed sleety Theelap sad reale? steel, IA UMW M poet Intended fee "The Zeprese." Lawton Evemng parer. meet be et tee MIL*, le. Deeteetbsoitreet, b; Teo e't.teeb se lb* day of Dittekat HIGH WATRIL AT LONDON MUDGE Tan Darr—ll .. Aft trans. N. rie • learamaow 711. to Mierasens, M. Sm. LONDON, MONDAY. NOVEMBER 7. The best bread is 10d. a loaf. That is a great item in the news of the day. Then is little meat to be had under ed. a lb.; and, on the whole, we may say that we are paying 3d. and 4d. a lb. more for meat than we were two years ago. These are the prices of provisions sow, when our prospects of food-producing arc seirerly better than they were in the last rainy autumn—when our supplies of corn from the Dom- Dian provinces and from Odessa are in jeopardy, and when. as a people, we have sus tained grtat loss from two causes—from the uncertainty about war, and from the strike of 0,000 labourers in Lancashire. Under such cir. eutustances we must do the best we can with our land, —amble and pasture,—drain it. and dry and warm it, and get all possible sowing achieved before the frosts come. We must cherish our trade with food-produc ing countries ; we must make our Ministers speak out about the war,--about what they hate done and mean to do,—that we may be independent of conti nental rulers and deceptive telegraph messages in deciding whether we are likely to have war or not, There is no hope of repairing the losses that have been occasioned by the Strikes. Enough wealth has been sunk there to compensate to those concerned for the high prices of food many times over; but it is gone, as irrecoverably as if it had been thrown into the sea. All we can do is to see whether there is no way of putting an end to this deadly mischief before starvation overtakes some of the multitude who are fancying that their wages ought to be raised because provisions are dear. There is one thing more that may be done—done in course of time, and begun now. We may learn a better eco nomy of food. We have shown ourselves so very unteachable for so very long that it may need such a period of high prices as we are now threatened with to fix our attention duly upon a subject which h mush better understood by our neighbours than by us. It seems strange that we who, as a nation, have great powers of endurance of the evils of scar city, should have so little (scatty of resource in pre paration for hard times, though we have warning of the coming mischief before our eyes, and plenty of example of a better practice all round about us. The French, to the south of us, and the Scotch, to the north, show us what may be done in making a good subsistence out of a little ; but we do not seem to be learning the lesson. Many poor people doom them selves, in famine times, to potato bread, which cusp clammy to the roof of the mouth, or dine on cockle% when meat is too dear : many boil nettles, and est them uncomplainingly, in an extremity; but when good times come again, they do not set to work to learn anything of the conditions of nourishment from food, and bow to fulfil them most easily and economically. The same ignorance and absence of desire to know are found among all classes in our country; while on the continent, in times of hardship, there was a Count Rummer, teaching successfully the principles and methods of alimentation, we find in England a Pro !Moor BUCKLAND pointing out that the poor might be fed with starch, because starch was chemically fit for nutrition, and • Duke of NORFOLK publicly re commending pinches of curry-powder in water, to warm the poor map's stomach. Yet Count RUIFORD tried to teach us, as he taught the Bavarians and French; but somehow we did not learn, and have not learned yet. The Arabs in Egypt are ready enough to catch the art of the French Gooks who are to be found at Alexandria and Cairo; and an Arab cook is presently as good as a French one for making the greatest variety and the pleasantest diet out of the three articles of food on the Nile—the flour, fhe sheep, and the fowls; and the boatmen improve in their cheap lentil stews, and the art spreads; so thit the Egyptian labourers have at present more advantage from the French skill in cookery than we who live close by them. We did not learn froln them even when the Stilton and Dartmoor prisoners of war were among no making savoury messes from a few farthings' worth of bread and a red herring or bit of bacon, with the wonderful addition of water and fire. The neigh bours of those prisoners looked on, munching their bread dry, with perhaps an onion, and insisting that, as tong as the bread was eaten, it could not possibly signify whether it was stewed or dry. We do not seem to have improved at all since the war. We truly believe that such wastefulness of the prime mosesasy or life is found in no other country in fSe world—unless it be among the Red Indiana dewing a surfeit of buffalo meat. It strikes us that we are, somewhat like the Red Indians in this matter—differing more in the degree than the kind of civilisation. The Indian wastes his meat when he has plenty, and ties up his stomach tight with a leather thong when he is in pain from hun- ger, and thus endures it patiently till the time comes for another feed. Our people, when in good wages, broil ham costing ls. a lb., and bake prime joints of beef and mutton, and throw away the bones; or boil them (but not often), and throw away the water; and when bad times come, they buy bread, and eat it dry as long as they can get it; and then they somehow do without • till prosperity comes round spin, when they follow the same course. All this is very barbarous. A moderate amount of civilised teaching and care would spread a nutri tious, various, agreeable diet over the whole period, at the same cost, or probably at a much smaller one. But nobody seems to know of the nutritious quality imparted to human food by the process of cooking in water, though we expatiate mightily upon it when the question is of stall-feeding our cattle. We stew their turnips and chopped straw and meal, and we steam their hay ; and we weigh the beasts, or mea. sure their milk, and boast of the discovery in their case (which, by the way, Count ReMPORD pointed out above half a century ago); and, all the while, thousands of people in this country are baking their meat on Sundays, eating it cold while it lasts, and then doing without till Sunday comes again ; and the 'Khoury, are eating breed and potatoes, with a relish of bacon now and then—knowing nothing of the comfort of a stew of vegetables, thickened with meal, and flavoured with that same bacon, or something else that is as cheap or cheaper. Can nothing be done about this? Or rather (for we feel somewhat ashamed of the ques tion in that form), how may we best set about enabling the bulk of our people—perhaps we might say the whole of our people—to be better nourished, to have more nutritious and palatable food at equal or Wrong ? We shall not be supposed to be lapsing into the old error of desiring that the people should be fed so low u that they can have nothing to fall back upon in famine seasons. What we wish, on the contrary, is, that they should be more generously fed ; that what now falls unp ro ducti ve un d er a s y s t em o f ignorance and waste should be gathered up, and en riched. and made savoury and agreeable by skill and - • Ire, each as every woman in a Waal"' ought to be able to exercise. What tarn Bavaria* moldier, and the Nile boatman, and the Scotch emi grant are able to do with baridy, and lentils, aid oatmeal, and cabbage, and milk, every Englishwoman ought to be able to do with the far more expensive materials that commonly (and happily) constitute the diet of the labouring classes in England. When we look at the comfortless home of many poor men in England—that home where, if he is to have a good dinner, he knows it is at the cost of a large part of his week's labour, and where he too often sits down to a cold or meagre meal—we might almost wish that the high prices would last long enough to make us, as a people, take our bad economy to ;- every girl in the very easy art (easier titan most things she learns), and the simple knowledge (much simpler than grammar and arith metic), of making the most of the common elements of food. Our farm-labourers can learn this on behalf of their cattle; they may reasonably expect their wives and daughters to learn It on behalf of the family. This is only one of many means of econo mising food, such u the present prices of provisions should seriously impress upon us ; but it is one whose importance can scarcely be exaggerated—one which should be kept in view in the administration of all popular schoola (for boys u well as girls)—one which the town missionary should set his heart upon --and the fanner, and the mill-owner, and every ono who cares for his neighbour. THE STRIKES. FROX OUR SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT. PRESTON. SATURDAY. A conquering army would scarcely.levy upon Preston a heavier rate than 75 per cent. upon all the wages of labour, and 100 per cent..—that is to say the whole proceeds—upon all the profits of capital. And yet Ilea is the actual situation of Preston at this minute. Outrages committed upon women make up one of the awful features of successful sieges ; but it is a matter of serious doubt whether such miseries in flicted upon the inhabitants of a town in the moment ary flush of victory are worse than those which must result from the desolation and degradation brought upon it by the prostitution of the large majority of its young female population. This has happened once in 1836, and there is every reason to believe, that if the strike extends beyond Christmas, it will happen again. When a young female popu lation of many thousands is brought to beggary, there can be little doubt as to the ultimate conse quence. The traveller who walks round the suburbs or outskirts of Preston, meets at every turn girls walking or more frequently standing in groups of from three to thirty or forty. He is generally ac costed by one or two members of these, and asked for charity. Ask them the reasons, and they will tell you, "Oh, we're just on stroike, loike, and we can't keep coarsen on eig ht'npence a week." Another party will despatch one of its members to you, with a request that you will purchase a song, containing such verses as the following : Our masters say they're very sure That to strike we can't endure. They all assert we're very poor, The Cotton Lords of Preston. But we're determined every one By them we will not be done, For we'll not be content Until we get the ten per cent. The Cotton Lords are sure to fall, Both ugly, handsome, short, or tall, For we intend to conquer all The Cotton Lords of Preston. Everybody's crying shame On these gentlemen by name. Don't you think they're much to blame, The Cotton Lords of Preston ? So mcn and womea all of you Come and buy a song or two, And assist us to subdue The Cotton Lords of Preston. We'll conquer them, and no mistake, Whatever laws they seem to make, And when we get the ten per cent. Then we'll live happy and content. Oh ! then we'll dance and sing with glee, And thank you all right heartily Whsa we gain the victory, And best the Lords of Preston. Everybody's crying shame, .Ic. A fearful move en the road to a woman's ruin is made when she is brought down to the point of get ting her living in the streets. The other steps are comparatively easy. I have spoken, as yet, only of the state of Preston as far as the two great parties to the contest are concerned, bat the effect of thestrike is no lees marked upon the great body . of shopkeepers. On all of them it inflicts some injury, but on the class amongst whom the wages of the operatives are chiefly spent, this injury is great and irreparable. They are cer tain to lose the whole amount of the debts which are owing to them by the parties on strike. Even sup posing their debtors had resources wherewith to settle their obligations, any attempt to make use of the powers of the law to compel payment would be followed by such an exhibition of popular feeling as it would be dangerous to provoke. This might not at bit display itself in acts of violence, but its effect would be no leas certain. Any tradesman prow:cut let a defaulting creditor would be certain, as the had part of him • meat, to lose all his customers. This is even inflicted for an offence at a grievous nature. Those tradesmen who do not subscribe weekly payments for the support of the operatives on strike are marked Man. The operatives, to a man, refuse to make purchases at their shops. George Cowell, in his spank to the operatives last Monday morning, gave a =rime instance of the severity with which this power in ems:aimed. He had received a letter from a hatcher, who complained to him that, on account et a hiss rtenioar spread abroad to the effect that he ((the butcher) had made no weekly payment to the had, his shop had been deserted, and the conse quences threatened to be ruinous. The greater part of the shopkeepers are either willingly or unwil lingly under the operation of this "screw." Either from sympathy or fear they almost all subscribe. Here, then, is another and important class crippled is its energies and debilitated in its resources by the Meets of the strike. It is far from an exaggeration to my, then, that Preston, before the conclusion of the strike, if it con tinues a length of time, will have suffered as much from death, spoliation, impoverishment, and immo rality as many a belearwed city. And it will have endured these physical and moral evils, not from a foreign enemy, but from the very parties most interested in its prosperity. The conflict will be in its effects similar to those suicidal contests in the towns of Italy in the middle ages, when one party was party in opposition to it by a which drained it of half its own strength, air le c fr a the city itself an easy prey to a foreign enemy. In those days, the struggle was generally between an aristocratical and a democratical party. In our time the contest is between capitalists and labourers. The nature of the dispute, however, is virtually the same. The operatives represent the democratic party, and stig matise the other party as the " cotton lords." ' Is there to be no relief from this gigantic evil beyond the miserable one of mere victory on either side ? Does the capitalist fancy that a solution will be found when the men, with their numbers diminished and their individual strength weakened by poverty and pestilence, shall return un willingly to work in his mills. Does the operative :I:PNthat a solution will be obtained if he is able :oat the capitalist and get his increased wages by the means of a pressure which has driven a large quantity of capital out of the field? Is there any Iraison to suppose that concessions yielded on either aide to mere strength will be respected any longer than is necessary? Certainly not. The future his tore of Preston and other manufacturing towns will be iliornations of industry and idleness, plenty and famine. At ei:h strike the capitalists will strengthen their confederation, and the workmen will improve their organisation. They will each fight with better more embittered against weapons, and with feeliegs each other. Such a co mfi t: 1n of thing° can only re :11 salt in the utter destruction of e branch of industry, the preservation of which is the interest of both capitalist and labourer. Is there no middle point between the reduction of the capitalist to dependence on the caPnce of his workmen, or the degradation of the labourer • THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 7, 1853. to a mere serf? I am quite sure, from actual obeitvation, that the most excited spirits on bOth aides see n othing between these alternatives. The masters will consent to no mediation between them and their men, and the operatives have a Arm persua sion that they can do no good without plating their destinies unreservedly in the bands of a committee. Each party is thus bound band and foot, and until one or °that recede from this position mediation is impos sible. Nevertheless there is a general feeling in the county generally, and in Preston in particular, that it is incumbent on both parties to make this step. Sympathy is divided between the masters and the men, although I am bound to say that the latter have in general the greater share. The masters are pitied because " fo- reigners," as they are called—men from other mills or other towns—come in to interdict all settlement of a dispute between them and their men. The men receive a large portion of public sympathy, as thou sands of them have been " locked out" of mills where they have been working, solely because their masters have given up their own freedom of action, and bound themselves in a bond of five thousand pounds to obey the dictates of the " Masters' Association." There is a feeling almost universal that if both parties would recede a little from their extreme position, and admit the mediation of some external tribunal, freed from all possible imputation of having a personal interest in the decision, something might be done. . - i If something of th i s sort s not done, the evils to which I have drawn attention must happen, and worse will follow. At present Preston has been pre- served from actual violence, but every sensible inha bitant is aware that he sleeps on the edge of a vol cano. A spark might cause the mass of inflammable materials to explode. I may add, in conclusion, that public expectation here is anxiously directed to Wed nesday next, the 9th inst., when the bond of the mutters expires. There is a slight hope that some of them will refuse to renew it, and that such a re fusal may operate on their colleagues in • manner calculated to initiate conciliatory measures. (mom OCR LOCAL At Wigan, Burnley, Bacup, Padibans, Newchureh, and Bury, no progress has been made towards • reconciliation between masters and men, whilst at Bury the ;preach is in danger of being widened, and the strike threatens to extend to other districts. At Bury 15 firms have now given notice that they will close on the 10th lust., the object being to cut off the support those in work there are giving to those on strike. The masters at Glossop have given notice that they will withdraw the 10 per cent. recently advanced to their workpeople, in consequence of the now much depressed . . state of the market, and a turn-out may be expected in that place, where some of the largest mills in the disttiet exist, Two of the routers there employ between 2,000 and 3,000 operatives. At Manchester and Royton two of the strikes have terminated adversely to the operatives. At Royton the fustian weavers in four large mills, who have ►een eight weeks on strike, have now resumed their employment. The leaders of the fustian dyers at Manchester called a meeting of the operatives on strike. a few days ago, and announced to them that they had no longer any funds. A struggle of 17 weeks has exhausted all public sympathy, and with the funds have vanished the hopes of the leaden of the movement ; and the great body of the men, impoverished and broken-spirited, have in vain been offering themselves to their old masters at the cld prices. There were 1,600 on strike, and the places of 1,200 have been supplied with new bands, so that the greater portion of them have no situations to go to, even could the muters at once consent to forget and forgive all that has passed. " There will remain, then," says the Manchester Guardins, "sense 1,200 of the turn-outs, dressers, dyets, and finishers, who are ezcleded,—we are obliged to add, by the consequences of their own acts,—from the only employment to which they have been accustomed, and who have now the dreary prospect Defers them of a coming winter, against whose approach they are utterly helpless—without work, without food, or any honest . . means of gettiog it, and themselves and their families al ready in a state of great suffering and privation. Oh! that these sad consequences, which we have had so often to pre dict at the commencement, so often to record at the close of strikes, would but impress themselves on the convictions of the great body of the working clines when stimulated by designing and mercenary agitators to abandon their em ployment. Then would the strike of the fustian dyers, so full of folly in its origin, so replete with wretchedness and misery in its duration and subsequent results, be prods.. tive of some moral and social good. If it would only serve as a beacon light to warn thoughtless thousands of the ship wreck they may make, even this strike might yet be produc tive of more social good than evil." LADY FRA.NKLIN'S EXPLORING EXPE DITION. Accounts from Valparaiso announce the arrival there of the screw schooner Isabel, sent out many months since, by way of the 'traits of Magellan, on an exploring expedition in search of Sir John Franklin. A disagree ment among the officers had led to an abandonment of the whole expedition. The details are given in the following extracts (rem the Valparaiso Herald of September 14 Upon he r arrival, in eonseneenoe of a disagreement between Mr. Kennedy and Mr. Robert Grate, sailing-master, the latter left the vessel. Then difficulties arose with the craw, who refused to proceed further in the vessel. An appeal I was made by Mi. Kennedy to Mr. Wiley, KN., of the Nene', the result of which widened the breach instead of producing any good eff-ct, not from anything doe, by Mr. M'Kay, who acted throughout the affair in the most gen tlemanly manner, but from Mr. Kennedy having called on a naval o ffi cer while there was armed En the port. The men were taken on shore to the consul en Saturday, Aug. 27, and he said that it was a very unpleassat thing for him to interfere between the parties,embarked as they were upon such a glorious service as the rescue of their fellow countrymen from death. Ile advised them to go on board and reconsider the subject, and trested that they would then see the true state of affairs, and that any unpleasant ness that had occurred should be forgotten, and that the motto of all embarked on such an expedition should be mutually to bear and forbear. Ile then told the men they were to appear before him again on Monday, at 2 pm. ; but Mr. Kennedy went on shore on Thursday morning, and, by application to the captain of the port, got the men sent to prison, so that the affair was now fairly out of the hands of the consul. A new crew was now pertly engaged, and the repairs of the wad proceeded with ; but new difficul. tin now arose, which finally terminated in the engineer leaving the vessel. Mr. Kennedy now seeing that hie path became more and more rugged, determined not to proceed any further, so that, for the present, the expedition is abandoned, which, on the whole, is fortunate for Lady Franklin, as, from the advanced period of the season, it would have bees impossible to reach the Ice this season in time to render any service ; so that the saving of wages and provisions will be a considerable item between this and next March, when it is to be hoped that the vessel will be despatched to aid in the good work before her." THE FRAUDS UPON THE LIVERPOOL CORPORA TION.—WiIIiam Rawson (contractor) and William Clarke (clerk), whose cuss were remanded on the 29th ult., were again brought before the magistrates at the Liverpool Police Court, on Saturday, and after a lengthened exami tion were committed fur trial at the assizes. They were admitted to bail—Rowan in 1,0001. and two sureties in 6001. each, and Clarke is 5001. and two sureties in 2601. each. SIIIPWRIGITTS' NATIONAL EMIGRATION AND CO LONISATION SOCILTY.—Some weeks since a meeting was held for the purpose of forming a branch of the above society, which was instituted at Woolwich, in Devonport. At that meeting the objects of the society were explained, and a committee appointed to correspond with the head quarters, to obtain • copy of the rules of the society, and to make such preliminary . arrangements as might be deemed necessary for the organisation of a branch amongst the ship wrights in the Imality. Since that period repeated com munications have been going on, and on Wednesday night last, those who had intimated their intention to become shareholders, and those friendly to the project, were iavited to attend a meeting at Heydon's Public Rooms, Fore-street, fir the i purpose of electing the officers of the branch and for other business n connection wish its permanent formation. Mr. P. Record, formerly a shipwright in R.M. dockyard, presided. It was reported that between three and four hundred of the shipwrights of the government yard had already became shareholders of the society, and that some of the men employed in private yards had also become mem bers. The branch was formed, and measures taken for its efficient working. It is intended to purchase and charter ships and to facilitate the emigration of shipwrights. _ . TIM BOILER EXPLOSION AT BLACKBURN.—OR Saturday, Mr. ktugreave commenced an inquest over the bodies of the seven sufferers by the boiler explosion at Mr. W. Hesketh's weaving -shed, on Wednesday last, namely, Edward Sharpies, engine tenter. aged 53; Thomas Shar pies, weaver, his son; Thomas Bretherton, loomer. 36; James Howarth, fire beater, 27; James Claim weaver, 43 ; William Bono, painter, 47; Robert Robinson aged live months. Several others are not expected to recover. A considerable number of witnesses were examined, but their evidence related principally to the finding and identification of the bodies. At the clone of that portion of the inquiry, the Coroner said it appeared to him to be necessary that they should have the opinion of some scientific man with regard to the condition of the boiler. The jury concurred, and it was resolved that either Mr. Fairbairn or Mr. Nal myth, of Manchester, should be consulted. The Coroner than &slimmed the inquiry to Saturday next. LATEST FROM ABROAD. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. BERLIN, Nov. 3. It is positively known here that the Emperor Nicholas has rejected the last joint proposition of the Four Powers, and authorised M. Meyendorff to enter into new negotiations through the medium of M. Buol. CONSTANTINOPLE, Ocr. 25. Reechid Pubs declares that his government will now accept no solution which does not include the immediate evacuation of the violated territory, and the admission of all the Sultan's sovereign rights. SPAIN. A private telegraphic despatch from Madrid, dated Nov. 2, announces the arrival of Narvaez in Spain. on the morning of the Ist. The Span ish Ambassador at Paris, the Marquis de Vilma, has been sent for to Madrid, having been appointed to the Presidency of tho Senate. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. The telegraphic despatches received from the seat of war on Saturday leave the designs and objects of the Tnrkteh and Rus sian commanders equally in doubt. As only skirmishes and movements of outposts are an flounced, we are left to conclude either that no serious engagement had taken place, or that the Austrian government, by the grace of which the electric spark is permitted to emit its gleams of information, has not thought the news fit for transmission. It is humiliating to perceive that, while • cunningly devised fable like the memorable " armistice ' of Saturday week is willingly flashed over Europe, a straightforward and faithful statement of events may not be forwarded from Lem berg Hermannstadt, or Semlin, for money. The dispatches published in London on Saturday bring dews the news from Bucharest to the 2nd instant. Those itemsof the intelligence which relate totransac tions between Kalafat and Krajowa thus made a long detour, and might have been sent to Vienna four and-twenty hours earlier by the direct route. A correspondent calls attention to a telegraphic des patch published on Saturday morning by a contem porary, announcing the defeat of the Turks between Kalafat and Krujowa, and to the letter published later in the day by the same journal, in which the same event is dwindled down to a check. The grain of truth in the matter is that whereas the Turks crossed the Danube without resistance, the appear ance of Itussians on the road to Krajowa imposed on them the necessity of advancing by the slower pro cess of fighting their way to their destination. The tumifieation of an occurrence so commonplace into " important intelligence " shows that the Czar has good friends in England. More important, perhaps, at this moment than the news from the Danube, is that from St. Petersburg, which announces that the Czar refuses to consent to the latest joint proposal of the four other powers, for the adjustment of the difference between himself and Turkey. The scheme in question was devised in conformity with the professions made at Olmiitz, and, it may be said, at the instance of the Czar. Put to the test, the Russian monarch shows that he is as insincere as he is ambitious. Still desirous of gaining time, he has sent (while unaware of the passage of the Danube) new propositions to Vienna, which he expects will be entertained by the governments of Europe. From Constantinople our intelligence is by express despatches of the 24th ult. At that date what may now be distinguished as "the note," that last sent from Vienna by the French, English, Austrian, and Prussian governments, and to the transmission of which M. Meyendorff, the Russian ambassador, was a ob had not reached the Turkish capital. A scheme, materially identical with that proposed by the Czar at Olmntz, had been presented by the Aus trian and Prussian ambassadors and conditionally re ceived, Iteschid Pacha declaring, very distinctly, to the ambassadors that, with a full knowledge of the im portance of the resolution, the servants of the Sultan had determined not to consent to any arrangement which did not primarily secure the surrender of the Principalities and the maintenance of the Sultan's rightful prerogative intact. At the.same time to give one more chance to diplomacy, orders were sent off to Omer Pacha, requesting him to postpone the opera tions which were about tocommence,but no order fora suspension of hostilities, or for the conclusion of an armistice, was sent to the general. Indeed the instructions forwarded were much more of a confi dential and discretionary, than of an absolute and categorical character, and the application of them was left almost entirely to the judgment of Omer Pula. The reproaches flung side-winded at this meritorious officer, as if he were acting independently, or in defiance of his government, thus fall to the ground. According to the telegraphic despatches, three French ships of war were before Constantinople, and as may British vessels were daily expected. Unless we are to infer from this passage that the rest of the fleet was to follow with some definite object, the fact is unimportant and unmeaning. More than six ves sels of the allied fleets went to Constantinople a few weeks ago. aid came away re Weeta. But private letters speak of a force of eight men of war and four steam frigates from the fleets which were expected in the Bosphorus preparatory to sailing for Batoum. This would be direct participation in the war by France and England, an event for which previous intelligence has hardly prepared us. FRANCE. PARIS. &MAT MORNING. The following short article ,at the head of last night's Patrie is the latest exposition of the govern ment view of the eastern question. You will per ceive that it contains not one word to countenance the recent reports from London that the question is in a fair way of settlement. On the contrary, the article clearly gives it to be understood that Itussia remains intractable. _ _ France, since the commencement of the eastern question, has shown in the most striking manner that she desired peace. She persists more than ever in this policy, so pre cious for European interests, but she will none of an ephe meral peace, which would permit Ramie. on the first favourable opportunity, to recommence her ambitious intrigues, and to agitate the world by again invading the territory of a friendly power that she would supprese—to use a favourite expression of one of her most important statesmen. The western powers, devoted with their supe rior intelligence to the arts of peace, the sole element of the happiness of the peoples, cannot admit that a nation having no greater rights upon this earth than themselves, and ren dering less service to humanity, shall incessantly disturb other states, and break the Eurepean equilibrium for the mere satisfaction of its own pride and ambition. The Bourse opened with a strong tendency to a rise, but the movement was soon checked by intel ligence of an alarming kind. News arrived from London that martial law had bees proclaimed by the Russians in the Danubian principalities, and all intercourse with the Turks prohibited on pain of death. The delusion to which so many fondly cling, that diplomacy clearly sees its way to a settlement of the difficulty, received a rade shock by a very positive assurance in the Press of Vienna That the new proposition for a mediation had not been accepted by the Emperor Nicholas. Neverthe less, prices did not fal! below the closing price of Friday, and upon a " discount" of 3 per cent to a considerable amount being posted, they began to recover. This reaction was favoured by a report of the vaguest kiad that some good news had been brought by the packet just arrived at Marseilles. In the result the Threes rose 40c., and the railways, in which a large business was done, all rose, and some of them considerably. Strasburg was not to be had at any price, and were last quoted at a rise of 22.60. The Alexandre packet, which left Constantinople on the 23th of October, arrived at Marseilles at 7 o'clock yesterday morning. The Thabor, which arrived on the 3rd, left, it is said, on the evening of the 24th. The Thabor is the boat built on a new principle, which left Marseilles on the 14th October with the prefect of the Bouches du Rhone on board, to make an experimental voyage. On Thursday another accident occurred on the Orleans and Bordeaux line. A collision took place between a passenger and a luggage train. It is said that several persons were hurt. The importation of corn goes on in an increasing ratio at Marseilles. In September 167 ships were entered inwards freighted with 688,4114 hectolitres of wheat, while in October the number of vessels was 200, and the quantity 709,703 hectolitres. This proportion has already increued since the end of last mouth. PARIS, SUNDAY EVENING. It has this day been asserted in a quarter which is often semi-officially informed, that the time for notes and projects of arrangement is rapidly slipping away . , and that the Emperor, tired and baffled in hie repeated attempts in con junction with England, has made up his mind to a more determined policy from this moment forward ; certain as he appears to be that England is with him. The suspicions, nn - J founded as no doubt they are, that attempts were re cently made to clan England from a common action, I should that action assume a has forbearing character, have been dissipated, and the Emperor, notwithstand ing his habitual reserve, is said to have, within the last few days, expressed his thoughts very frankly. One of the first steps which, it is avid, will be adopted in case of failure in the negotiation still pending is the immediate recall of all the diplomatic agents who have been concerned in the notes, and their substitu tion by military men, as in the case of Nt. de la Cour and General Baraguay d'Hilliers; and the first to be so recalled will probably be M. de Bourqueney. The Itfoniteur publishes an Imperial decree, pro moting three generals of brigade to the rank of ge neral of division, and four colonels to the rank of general of brigade. A telegraphic despatch from the General com manding at Oran to the Governor-General of Algeria, dated the 29th of October, states that the goum of Sidi-bel-Abbas, commanded by Captain Lacretelle, had an engagement on the 26th with the refractory Hamyans and Rezainas, supported by all the Massa of Morocco. The enemy left 150 dead on the field. The French captured all their standards, 250 muskets, some pikes, sabres, and horses, with 4,000 sheep and 250 camels, The French lost eight men killed and some horse., with some men wounded. _ - GERMANY. AUSTRIA. A letter from Munich of the Ist states that Count Valentin d'Esterhazy, Austrian Ambassador at that Court, is to leave iu a fortnight to go to St. Peters burg in the same quality, and that hole tobe replaced by Count Appony. SWITZERLAND. The Bale Ga:elte, of the 3rd, states that on the remonstrance of the Swiss Federal Council, the Aus trian Government has modified its decree against the export of corn from Lombardy, and consented to allow certain quantities to be exported to the Orison; according to the existing treaties. HOLLAND AND BELGIUM. ROTTERDAM, FRIDAY. According to the Nieuwe Courant of Rotterdam, a modification of the Dutch ministry is contemplated. Heer van Reenen, the present Minister of the lute rior, and who was formerly burgomaster of Amster dam, will become minister for the reformed church, and will be replaced in the former post by Heer van Kempenaer or Heer van der Heim. In some parts of Holland, disturbances have oc currcd amongst the working classes. The cause is not yet clearly stated. It appears by an official report from the Dutch consul at Norway that the exports from that coun try to Holland have increased of late, but that the exports from the latter to the former have diminished. That diminution is attributed to the active steam intercourse between Norway and Hamburg. The Belgian chargé d'affaires in Washington has made an arrangement with the United States govern ment, whereby the latter grants a considerable sub sidy for the establishing of a line of steamers be tween New York and Antwerp, on the condition that they commerce running within three months. The necessary capital is set down at 12 millions of francs, of which ten have been already subscribed in the United States and England. The other two will be raised in Belgium. The receipts of the Dutch Railway during the month of October last were 77,395 florins ; and of the Dutch Rhenish, 52,098 florins. Much English capital is embarked in both lines. SPAIN. The Hera Woof the 30th ul t. states that M. Mend izabal was seriously ill. The Royal Council was about to hold a meeting to examine a proposition for authorising the Bank of San Fernando to issue notes for double the amount of its capital, and for sums less than reals. A letter of the Ist received by express states that the Gazette contains a ministerial resolu tion relative to different railways, and especially the Northern one; it is to the effect that a public adju dication shall take place. ITALY. The Grand Duke of Tuscany and the Hereditary Prince, hie son, arrived at the royal Neapolitan palace of Caserta on the 29th ult. After paying their respects to the King of Naples and the royal tamily they proceeded to Naples. The Austrian government has concluded a treaty with that of Sardinia, for the reciprocal transmission of telegraphic despatches. The line is to pass over Novara, and is to be ready by the lit of January next. AMERICA. ARRIVAL OF THE CANADA. (FROM OCR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) LIVERPOOL, SUNDAY. About five o'clock this afternoon the Royal Mail steam-ship Canada, Capt. Stone, arrived in the Mersey, with the usual mails from the United States and British North America. The Canada left Boston on the 26th, and Halifax early on the 28th ult., and has brought, besides the mails, about 63 passengers and 275,000 dole. in specie on freight. The Royal Mail steam-ship Asia, from hence, and the screw steam-ship Glasgow, from Glasgow, both arrived at New York on the 20th ult. The Royal Mail steam-ship America, from hence for Halifax and Boston, on the 29th nit., was passed by the Canada on the 2nd inst. We regret to state that the packet ship Western World, from this port for New York, was unfortu nately wrecked near the latter port. Happily, however, the passengers, to the number of 54, were saved; but it is expected that the ship and cargo will be totally lost. Mr. Robert M'Lane, of Maryland, is appointed commissioner to China. _ . _ Judge Washburn has accepted the nomination by the whig party as their candidate for Governor of The if Union, supposed to be the Presi dent's organ, has an article denouncing a treaty as sumed to have been made by England with Spain, whereby slavery is to cease in Cuba at the end of 301 years, England in the meantime tokrating and fa. vouring the introduction into the island of African negroes, who will serve as apprentices for 10 years, lafter which they will become freemen. This treaty the Union denounces as inhuman, because the ap prentices will be treated with great severity during their 10 years' service, and as a British plot against the institutions of the United States, be cause its end is the abolition of slavery in the island. Against such a consummation we are told that the present executive will act with firmness and courage, as becomes " a helmsman who knows neither fear nor dishonour." The New York Dilly Adrerliser states that Mr. W. H. Webb has received a commission from the Czar to build at New York a 10 0 -gun ship with a steam propeller, and to deliver her within a reason able time at St. Petersburg. A great prize exhibition of horses, styled by the New York papers " The World's Horse Convention," had been held at Springfield, when four hundred horses walked in procession. Ten thousand persons were present. The Se. John New Brunsteicker of the 18th has a report that a Federal Union of the British North American Colonies is contemplated, and that measures for completing the union will be submitted to the several colonies at no very distant day. It is added that Lord Elgin's visit to England is connected with the contemplated movement. Quebec will be propo se d as the seat of general government. Exit colony oil retain its local legislature, and mauage its own affairs, very much as at present, but a colonial parliament composed of members from each province will meet at Quebec, to pass such laws as may b e required for the general guidance of the confederation. The report suggested that a Viceroy will probably be appointed to preside over the Uuited Colonies of o British North America, with whom the imperial government will alone bold correspondence, and that each colony may therefore expect to choose its own governor. From Mexico we have advices three days later than by the Magdalena. The Mexican war steamer Estado de Mt jico left Vera Cruz on the morning of the sth ult., a ith 300 troops on board, for Yucatan, in which place it was reported that a revolution had broken out. A decree re-establishing the Jesuits in the republic has been published, countersigned by Senor Larea, Minister of Justice. Their property is, with home exceptions, to be restored to them. Business generally was duller at the departure of the Canada, and stocks were in a depressed and feverish state. In the market for breadstuffs but little had been doing, and prices had receded slightly. Western Canal flour brought and 11113 steady nt 6 dolt'. 30e. to 6 dole. 621 c. per barrel; Genncssce prime wheat, 1 dol. 52c. to 1 dol. 61c. per 60 lbs. ; Indian corn, round yellow, 78c. to 60c. per bushel. The cotton market at New York continued in depressed condition. Sales could not be made except at a reduction, which holders generally had sub mitted to. The quotations for New Orleans and Mobile, mid fair to fair, were 11 c. to 111 c. per lb., and Uplands, mid fair to fair, 10s. to 101 c. per lb. These prices show a fall of 1 per cent. from previous quotations. In the provision market a good deal of dullness had been experienced, yet prices remained firm. Freights remained unchanged from previous ad vices, the asking rates at the latest hour tieing for flour, to Liverpool, 31. ltd. to Is. per brl.; grain, Is. IW. to is. 2d. per bushel ; cotton, 3-16 d. to per lb. Exchange on London was quoted at 1001 to 100!, with but few sales. O Paris, 5.11 to 5.1:11. Ham. burg, 36 to 37. LIVERPOOL, MoNl)%y MoetxLva. Private telegraphic accounts have been received here from New York up to the night of the 26th. The packet-ship Wa:hington had arrived at New York, from Liverpool, with nearly 100 deaths from cholera, and upwards of 60 cases on board at the time of her arrival. The ship American Eagle arrived at New York, from London, on the 26th. The Compromise, from Liverpool, got ashore on the west bunk in the Hodson on the 25.1, but was got off on the 26th. Late Sandwich Island advices report the wreck of the English ship Susan, bound for California; also that the ship Liverpool had struck near Behring Straits, but afterwards got 0tf.,.. The whalers arrived at the Sandwich Islands say that all hopes of Franklin's safety had been given up. The ship Plover, of the searching expedition, had been seen in August in the Arctic Sea. The United States Mail packet Humboldt, Captain Lines, arrived at Cowes en ruffle to Havre on Satur day; ahe left New York October 22. The Humboldt brought the usual mails, 181 passengers, and 670,000 dolt. in specie, 267,000 dole. of which was for London. The Humboldt had a very boisterous passage. Oa Thursday, November 3, 6 n.m., lat. 49. 50., long. 14.20., saw a large steamer steering west. The English mails, passengers, and specie, were lauded at Southampton on Saturday night. SOUTH AMERICA. LIVERPOOL, SATIALDAY. The South American Company's screw steam-ship Brazilicra, Captain Green, arrived in the Mersey at noon, after a very rapid passage from Rio Janeiro. She left Liverpool on the 24th of August, and has thus performed a voyage of 14,000 miles iu the remarkably short space of 73 days. Her average speed on her homeward voyage has been 240 miles per day—her highest day's run being 280 miles. Her dates are Buenos Ayres, Sept. 30 ; Monte Video, Oct. Ist; Rio Janeiro, 10th; Bahia, 14th; Pernam r bum 16th; St. Vincent, 23rd; and Lisbon, Ist Nov. She passed the Olinda (e.s.), of the same line, from hence with the September mails off Pernambuco, oft tho 16th, and the Lady Eglinton (s.s.), from hence, with the October mails, ou the 31st ult., to the south of Lisbon. She brought 100 passengers from Rio, several of whom were for Lisbon, &c., a ger.eral cargo, con sisting of coffee, wool, and hair, and specie and dia monds to the value of 30,000/. From Buenos Ayres there is no news of import ance. Fever had entirely disappeared at all the ports in the Brazils. At Monte Video, a revolution broke out on the 24th September, and the President (Gero), and the different government officials, had taken refuge on board the foreign vessels in the harbour—the Presi dent taking shelter in the French frigate. A provi sional government, consisting of Freetuo,a, Rivera, Laveliege, and Flores, had been appointed. The revolutionary party conducted themselves with the greatest moderation, and the town was quiet—busi ness going forward as usual. It was believed at Monte Video that, should there be no foreign inter ference, the affairs would be settled to the satisfaction of the contending parties. From Pernambuco we learn that a company has been formed to run a line of steamers from that port to Mamie and Ceara. The government had conceded a privilege for 20 years, and a subsidy of 100,000 deli. per annum. The boats, which are to carry 200 tons of cargo, are to be built in England. A line of steamers was expected to be shortly established between Per nambuco and Marseilles, and another from Lisbon. When these are established, and the contemplated railway completed (the agents of which were to sail for England in the Severn), the commerce of that port would receive a considerable impetus. The sugar crop is fully a month later than last year, and no large supplies are expected previous to the middle of November. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. rERNAMBCCO, Ocr, 19. The exports have again been of a limited character owing to the short supply of produce arriving at market, and the continued scarcity of tonnage which still prevails—ttis latter is exercising a prejudicial effect upon our trade, and is likely to be felt even to a greater extent in a few weeks, when a new sugar crop will be entering freely, unless vessels in the Interim arrive in more abundance. St:GAIL—The entries of the new crop continue on a very limited scale, and the article Comes forward more lowly than expected. COTTON.—The receipts continue small, and in the absence of vessels the inquiry is less active, and notwithstanding the limited supply, ; rives have undergone a slight decline. - The present crop promises to be much below last year, which may probably be attributable to the destruction occasioned by the caterpillar. EVM.—A new feature has occurred in respect to this article of export ; the supply continues very small, whilst an inquiry exe.ts for export. The only shipment since our last number has been of 22 pipes, making the total Worts since the lit November last 5,723 pipes against 1,77 d within like period 18.51 to nil FHEIC Hits.—We have no charters whatever to advise. The English brig, Arabella Terbet, in the absence of a freight to the United States, returns to St. Jahn's in l'il• last. The English barque, Gsnevieve, we underfeed. likely to load here for consignees account for Liverpool. EXCHANGE —Considerable business has been transacted. The government have this week taken bills to the extent of 25,000/. at 271 d., and we estimate the entire operations since the sailing of the Tay at about 75,0001., the entire amount at 271 d., except about 8,0001. at 270., with 10 extended credit for payment of the bills. DISCOCNTS.—The Bank has reduced its rates to 6pet cent. for bills to mature to 31st Dec. next, and 8 per cent. for those not exceeding six months to run. Leo has been doing out of doors during the past week. SHIPPING IN 'TWO ENCE. The Royal Mail eteam•ebip Severn, from f'sautharapton; the Minerva, from Newcastle; Cynthit, from Cardiff ; Robert Finale, William Edward, E. 1) , Otter, Be!" trice, England; Alloa, Maria, and Adel's, hence at 1,.i0 Janeiro; Duleo Nour de Jesus, Cho-vs, Cho, Oardyne, Eliza Jenkins, and Wilton Wood, hence at Monte Vireo; the Henrietta sailed fur Chia port from Monte Video Sept. 15 ; the Bahamian, from Liverpool and Pernambuco Ef;:e, from Newfoundland ; and Areguipa, front Rio Janeiro. Bahia; John Bibby, Oct. 2 (via Pernambuco), and