The Express. — London, England, 1853-11-10 00:00:00

cite erprroo. and beat both in detail, if that have not been already done to his hand in cue of the latter corps. This view of affairs can only be presented with the hesitation which the brief and fragmentary ' character of the reports from the seat of vac, and the yet imperfect development of the strategy of the " generals on ben h sides, render necessary ; but on a deliberate revit w of what has been written, it does not appear that any unwarranted or partial inference, or Lulu,: rt d fact, has been stated. It deserves to be kept in mind that the communications of the Turkish army n ith the sources whence they are to derive reinforce ments and supplies in their rear are much more open and easy than thmie of the Russians ; that the Turkish troops are in better health than the Rus sian ; and that the success which has as yet attended the Turkish arms will inspire the Ottoman soldiery with more confidence in thenarelves than the Mimeo ' Tates, all things considered, can be expected to feel. A knowledge of the real weakness of Russia, and of the traditionary tactics cf that Empire when it di,- covers a task it has undertaken to be beyond its power, would warrant our inferring from these facts that peace is likely soon to be restored ; bu+, on the other hand, there must be taken into view, as an obstacle to this &Arable consummation, the obstinate ambition and vanity of the Emperor NICHOLAS, which appear to have stimulated him to a state of frenzy. lie breathes war, and if he can make war successfully will be ready enough to wage it. TO COItItESP()NOF:NTS. a Fee .•' ►:rton of '•lo hepreek."..etaanang the um• 1 0r .4 4. v. tte," Ie publahed every Late:‘, aokl Imlay -a ;a* far poet. alwria-araeota Hern.4..l for " Th. 6s:4er," (mad :n z ; . r, mug be at Uw us. ,, 10, Bout erw-steezi, by T. CA :..e day t: pokwatke. HIGH WATER AT LONDON Timis Ilav—Moratrtg, 9b. !Cm I o h. T”.lgOalb" —MMus, llh. .....Mbersook • 14 . 3.3• LONDON. THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 10. The more recent despatches from the D inube though still sufficiently !monk—when cuml•ined with those which preceded thcin, enable us now to infer with tolerable precision the great outline of the plan upon which the Turkish generalissimo is bring ing his army into action. Unless appearances are very dee itful indict he is lint.ol:ing the fonts at his dis pose: with eonsumniate skill—showing that to his energy and promptitude he adds a me gift of skilful and comprehensive combine:on. Let us glance over the he'd where the h vile tom are now arrayed. The province of Wallachia spproaches in its super ficial configuration to a pea:telegram of nearly 300 miles in length by about 1:olo in breadth. On the south-west, south, and south-east it is bounded by the Danube. From the ncigl.bourhood of Orsowa to a little beyond Widdin the course of that river is near.y from north to south ; from the latter point to the vicinity of Silistria its general course is from west to east; and thence t. Calatz it flows from south to north. The north. in boundary of the pro vince. for a distance of a ime .100 miles from its western extremity, is a mountain range ; thence to its eastern extremity an aflLient of the Sereth, which flows eastward from where •lee mountains terminate, and the Screth itself to its rmb .tiehure in the Danube. The portion adze province which is enclosed on three sides hy the Danube is generally low and flat; to the north, it gradually rises to the base of the mono taie,. The western part of the province, between the western frontier and the ricer Argish—compris log fully two•thirds of the whole—is divided into three pretty equal parts by the valleys of the Schyl and Ala% flowing from the northern mountains at right angles to the Danube. The Schyl and the Argish rise en the southern declivity of the moon bins; the Aluta rims to the north of the chain, and breaks through it. The part of Wallachia which lies to the east of the Argish is t!sected by the Jalome ritza, which floors from west to east. The Turkish or southern bank of the Danube, from Orsowa to where it ag_in turns northward, after flowing nearly 300 miles from west to east, is high and abrupt; the Wallachian low, and apt to be overflowed. A little to the north of the point at which the course of the river turas from south to east is Widdin, on the Turkish, and opposite to it Kalafat, on the Walla chian bank ; commanding the mouth of the Schyl is Rahowa, on the Turkish bank; commanding the mouth of the Aluta is Nikilsolis, on the Turkish bank ; midway between the mouths of the Aluta and Argish is Rustschuk, on the Turkish, and oppo. site Giurgewo on the Wallachian bank. Bucharest is situated nearly north of these place', at a distance of some sixty miles, on an affluent of the Argish, which intervenes between it and them. 'l'urtuhai is situated on the Turkish bank opposite the mouth of the Argish ; Altenitza on the east of the Argish, in the angle formed by that river and the Danube at their junc tion. Silistria stands on the Turkish bask of the Danube, near the point where the river turns to the north, and Schnell* is some eighty miles to the mouth of it. A NOTE in the Paris 31,1iiteur some short time since annouaccd the abolition of all profit or charge on the herds of swine let into the forests of the state in the fall of the year to feed on acorns. " This measure (said the Note) will have the effect of re sen•iog to the general use of the country the grain and potatoes given, in default of other means of fattening them, to swine; and thus diminish the expenses of many families, and render them assistance at a moment of rise in the price of provisions." Such a measure as this, though small enough in itself, and somewhat inconsistent in a Government which still maintains the soundness of the practice of limiting the sources whence its subjects are to draw supplies of food, nevertheless contains the recognition of the important principle that the people of a country, irrespective of all pro prietary rights therein, have an interest in its soil which may. in case of absolute necessity, justly con trol any selfish or hurtful use of the soil. The State in France maintains large tracts of land as forests for purposes it deems beneficial, such as increasing the stock of fuel in a country where it is naturally scarce; though certainly, now that the means of communica tion are so greatly improved, and the cost of transit so largely reduced, a cheap supply of fuel would be much more readily obtained by the free admission of foreign coal. But in thus limiting the natural area of trance devoted to the raising of food, the State recognises the duty of giving the French people all the benefit that is derivable for the production of pro. visions from its forests. It maintains forests for a purpose it thinks useful, and then on an emergency opens them for other purposes still more useful. Is there nothing we at home can learn from this example? Can we not take a lesson from the French Government is this, its proprietary character? We confess to thinking that we can; and that both our Court and our great High. land Lords might take a very useful hint from this transaction, and abandon a selfi,hness which, if tending to promote the sport and the amusement of the few, has become a very serious injury to the many. The area of this island is limited, but the population is, under a wise and natural system of government, illimitable. To make the Utmost possible use of the soil is, therefore, the true policy of the nation, and the bounden duty of its owners. Self-interest and gain will, in the long run, induce proprietors in most cases to act on this principle, as may be seen in the great agricultural improvements everywhere going on. But there are instances in which grand seigneurs, enjoying wealth almost beyond the bounds of human avarice, will sacrifice profit for the sake of enjoyment and excite ment, as may be observed in what are called the deer forests of Scotland, on which we desire to at , tract attention now that mutton is some Od. per lb. We do not at all undervalue the national import anoe of sport. Fox-hunting, grouse-shooting, par tridge-shooting, pheasant-shooting, even deer•stalk ing, are all very well in their way. They keep the human frame healthy and vigorous, they promote both a love of country life and of the works of nature, they encourage rural residence, they renew life and spirits when exhausted and jaded, and they beget high courage and mettle. But sport may be pushed too far. To overrun the pariah with hares and rabbits at the expense of its green meat, is not fair sport, but an abuse of sport ; and to isolate and reduce to solitude great tracts of land, to expel there from and to keep thereout herds and flocks of sheep, that Highland chiefs may have • few hundred head of deer to stalk, is, we submit, a still grosser abuse of sport, and one that propriety and goodness of feeling alone ought to check. Yet at this present time enormous tracts of land in the Highlands of Scotland which not only are capable of maintaining, but which in former times did maintain and fatten sheep and cattle, aro mis appropriated and set apart for the production of wild animals notoriously difficult to rear. On to these tracts men aro forbidden to come,—from them all settlement is excluded,—their improvement is for bidden; in short, they are reduced and kept at large expense in a state of solitude and of nature for red deer; and, as deer forests, an artificial value is given to them. So far u the people of this country and their food are concerned, Highland deer forests are practically a deduction from, and a limitation of, the area of the island ; and by this misuse of a large portion of the soil and its appropriation to animals firm nature, in which even those on whose domains they are reared have no property, the price of provi sions of all sorts (for to reduce the supply of one raises the cost of all) is augmented. The principal Russian force is concentrated be tween Bucharest and the Danube, but parties had been thrown out in advance as far as Kainlet. Some of these parties were pretty strong, but still this was dispersing the army over a longer line than its numerical amount warranted. We observe at tempts are being made to palliate this mistake of the Russian commander by alleging that he had been led to expect support from Austria, which is now withheld. When the faithless, Jesuitical cha racter of the Austrian Government is taken into ac count, this story looks plausible; it may, however, be a mere invention and afterthought to screen the strategetical blunder of the Russian general. The main body of the Turkish army was concentrated in the region between Silistria and Schumla ; a strong body of troops was posted at Sophia, in the rear of Widdin ; and the communication was kept up by a chain of posts. The Turkish troops have hitherto been healthy ; according to the latest accounts from Bucharest, there arc at present 12,000 Russian soldiers in hospital there. The advanced period of the sea son and the want of roads render it difficult, if not impossible, for the Russians to receive speedy re inforcements ; the communication of the Turks from Silistria with Varna—either direct or by Schusga— b open and easy. Keeping in view the outline sketch we have given at the country and its principal positions, and the account of the relative position and condition of the two armies, we are in a condition to appreciate the movements that have been made by Min PACHA. From Widdin a corps crarnia has been thrown into Western or Lesser Wallachia, amounting, according to the most recent se coucts, to 12,000 men ; and the force stationed round Sophia is stated to be advancing to support them. The Russian troops in that part of Walla chia have fallen back without offering any serious resistance. There is a talk of their making a stand bilged the Sehyl, but at present they appear to be is full retreat towards Bucharest. On the Eastern or Lower Danube a strong body of Turkish forces has been thrown acres near the mouth of the Argish. No less than 19,000 men crossed from Turtukai to Oltenitaa ; they were attacked by the Russians, but made good their footing ; after a combat of three hours, the Muscovites retreated, with a loss of several officers, and 200 privates killed, of six superior and eighteen subaltern officers, and .179 privates wounded, leaving the Turks (whose amount of loss is unknown) to entrench themselves on the north bank of the Danube. In addition to this, 2,000 Turks are said to have occupied Kalarache, a small town or village in Wallachia, opposite to Sills trio, sad 2,000 from Rustschuk have taken possession of an island in the Danube, between that fortress and Oiergewo. Of the area of Scotland laid down as deer forests the public genemlly has no adequate notion. What their aggregate extent is will be estimated and appreciated by a few instances. The Atholl Forests, the Inverceuld Forests, and the Mar Lodge Forests, if we correctly read Mr. Senores work on this subject, contain 134,946 acres. Altogether they form, writes that enthusiastic deer-stalker, a greater area of connected surface, kept expressly for deer, than is to bo found elsewhere in Britain. Lord BREADALBANIeS principal deer forest, Correchebah, is about 35,000 acres in extent ; Garck contains 30 square miles; Benalder, from 30 to 33; Glengarry stretches over seven miles of the pick of Inverness shire, and Apple-cross over six miles of Ross-shire. Bat even these great areas are only a small part o the forests of Scotland. Now on these afforested domains of our modern feudal lords neither civilised man nor domestic animal must tread. Red deer are timid, and love It appears, then, that in every affair between the Turks and Russians in Wallachia, the latter have been worsted. The Turkish force advancing from Widdin is forcing the Russian detachments in the western parts of the provinces back upon. Bucharest, with a fair prospect of beating if it eau catch them, or at all events of cutting them off from the main body in front of that city. Again, the advance of the main Turkish army has made good its footing on the Wallachian side of the banuhe, and holds both batiks of the Argish, which lays the approutt to Bucharest open to it. To all human appearance, therefore, it will be compara tire'y easy for OMER I'.►, II ►, by pushing on his main to-c c -nwards liutharc , t, to form a junction with the Turkish troops advancing from Kalafat ; to break the lint (as they say in naval warfare) of the enemy; isolate the body of Russians in front of Bucharest' from that which is retreating upon it from the west, solitude—disturb them, and they fly ; they will tole rate no competitor for herbage; they must be left alone in their glory. They are, in truth, monopo lists of the worst sort ; for, even thus protected, their rate of increase is very slow. The first mentioned forests cannot muster 7,000 bead of deer; and on Lord Hitt:thus 34,000 acres Mr. Sense'. estimate is 1,7.00 head. Thus the deer roam about monarchs of all they survey, increasing the artificial value of their preserves by their very scarcity. Yet, for their sake, sheep-walk after sharp-walk has been cleared. The Garck Forest was let for sheep from 1788 to 1814, " when," says Mr. SCHOPR,"the late Duke of GontaoN re-established it." l)own to the close of the last century, sheep occupied Glen Tilt; so also in Glengarry Forest; it is not much above 30 years ago that the Forest of Corrcchebah was formed ; from Benalder Cheep were only turned of in 1837; and, if we are not mistaken, the PRINCE CONSORT hos very recently enlarged the forests he has purchased. . _ Now, all these forests can, we repeat, maintain and feed sheep. The red deer is not a hardy animal, and does not subsist by choice on coarse herbage : it eats close like a sheep, and like it, too, is affected with a murrain from bad food. Where it feeds and procreates slowly, there, during six months at least of the year, sheep will also feed and fatten. As sheep-walks, then, these great tracts of country would add largely to the best food of the country ; as deer forests they seriously diminish it. In a country such as Great Britain such a state of things ought not to continue. The good sense and good feeling of the great Highland proprietors ought to restore the soil to its proper use—which is the support of man, the promotion of his comfort and hap piness—not the stalking of deer. If these Scotch proprietors do not see this, the time may come when legislation sill have to be directed against the existence of deer in the island as a public evil. LATEST FROM ABROAD. TIIE WAR ON THE DANUBE. - VIENNA, WEDNESDAY. After the battle of the 4th the Turks began to en trench themselves on the left bank of the Danube. The Russians were falling back on Bucharest on the 4th and 3th. The Czar has sent a message to Prince Daniel urging him to attack Turkey with his Montenegrins. Telegraphic despatches from Hermannstadt state that Prince Gregory Ghika has left Jassy, and was to arrive in Vienna yesterday (Wednesday). He had wished to entrust the government to a council of notables, but was told that this could not be allowed. The Russians have taken possession of the palace, the government offices, the archives, and the exchequer. Prince Stirbey, Hospodar of Wallachia, has arrived at Vienna. moreover it seems the affair of Isaatcha wee not, after all, the beginning of the war. A courier seat dined from the head-quarters at Shamla brought despatches stating that before the muntermand arrived an en gagement had taken place in which there were killed `and wounded on both sides. The ministers of the Pointe themselves had not, says the Constant/untie/ correspondent, received any circumstantial details, but the short account sent to them was as follows. A body of cossacks, some hundreds strong, advanced to the brink of the Danube, and appeared to threaten the Egyptians encamped on the opposite side. There upon the Egyptians rushed to their boats and rowed across the river. The Cossacks were not able to pre vent them landing and acombat took place. This story is corroborated by a letter from Silistna, which, detail. ing similar facts, mentions Oltenitza as the scene of the action. Thus the little affair of Oltenitza, an nounced by the telegraph some time since, and gene rally discredited, turns out to have been a fact. M. Alexander Dumas is about to bring out a journal to be called the Mousguneire. It is stated that the Prefect of Police hu refused to I allow the new paper to be hawked and sold in the struts, but M. Dumas will dispense with this verf important aid to circulation, and trust to public curiosity to seek his publication in the booksellers shops. Barring accidents, the first number will appear on Monday. BELGIUM. -•- OPENING OF THE CHAMBERS. BRUSSELS, TUESDAY. BUCHAREST, Nov. 3. This afternoon the ordinary session of the Legisla tive Chambers was opened by the King. His Ma jesty delivered the following speech : Ue•tlemen,—At the close of the last session you ap plauded the proposed union of my well-beloved son, the Duke of Brabant, with the Archduchess Marie llenriette of Austria. This union you have since seen realised. It is a guarantee of happiness for the heir to the throne, • pledge of perpetuity to my dynasty, and at the same time a new link binding us to Europe, and a pledge of the confi dence which Belgian nationality inspires. My heart is glad, and the entire country rejoices with me. The impar tial and friendly 'milky which governs our international in tercourse is every day better comprehended, and the tame policy assures the maintenance of out relations with all the Powers. Prince Gortschakoff has now extended the state of siege over Moldavia. The Prince has not left Bucharest to this day, notwithstanding recent events in Lesser Wallachia, conceiving that his presence may be required at points best to be reached from this capital. A number of measures which affect essential interests have received their execution. The conversion of three loans hu effected a considerable saving to the State. The organisation of our military establishment hu given a firmer position to t►e army and augmented .our means of defence. This is a benefit which the army appreciates, and of which its discipline, instruction, and excellent spirit render it worthy. The devotedness of the army and the civic guard will not fail the nation. The progressive augmentation or the productive ness of the national imposts attests the prosperous silos. tion of most of the branches of our industrial sad commercial undertakings. My government is de vising mesas for confirming this state of things. Com merce is active. The Transatlantic Steam Navigation Corn• pony is filially constituted, end is about to commence its operations. The consular service is re-organised. The spirit of enterprise, that indispensable element of great Wain, manifests itself by constant progress. Our products reach the moat distant markets, and gain still greater at. ceptance in those when they were known before. My ministers will invite you to lower the import duties on raw materials, for the advantage of Belgian manufac turers ; they will also propose a measure for completing and amending the patent laws. Tho public works decreed nearly two years since are in course of executios, either by the State or in virtue of contracts which it has made. It is hoped that they will be com pleted within the terms respectively fixed for them. Let us felicitate ourselves on this application of the national activity—it will bear happy fruits. Already it supplies useful resources to a portion of our labouring popu• lation which suffers from the dearth of alimentary commo dities. This transitory calamity called for exceptional The Turkish force which crossed from Widdin is reported to be more considerable than was at first supposed. Omer l'acha is not there in person. The Turkish commander has thrown up intrench ments at Kalafat, and constructed a tete de pont, from which it is inferred that a permanent bridge will be made from Wallachia to tho eyot over against Widdin. Desertions to the Turks daily take place in great numbers, notwithstanding the strict surceillanite exercised. The Russian troops under General Dannenberg are echeloned from Krajowa to Sistine, their strength is variously estimated at from 20,000 upwards. The Russian commander has notified that " to protect his army from the cupidity of mercenary dealers," the price of supplies will in future be fixed by the Russian military authorities. The commo dities are moreover to be paid for in bills, instead of cash. The military authorities fix their own prices on things they choose to " buy." The two Princes have been got rid of, and Rus sian agents traverse the country, carrying on a sort of canvass for the Czar, and preparing a list of his supposed adherents. The people are promised a re mission of three-fourths of the existing taxes, besides the construction of railways and telegraphs. Another account states that "the government of Wallachia is carried on by a commission, and the Russians have seized all the public funds and trea suries. The prices of goods and victuals have been fixed at a very low rate by the military authorities. Whenever any dealer asks high prices, he is at once seized and flogged by the soldiers, who superintend the public markets. The Russians in their entrench ments on the left bank of the Danube make no pre parations to cross that river. The Consuls of France and Great Britain expect instructions from their governments, authorising them to leave the country." WARSAW, Nov. 2. Prince Paakiewitch yesterday returned to this city, with his family, from Home!. There is no truth in the statement that he has been to St. Peters burgh. measures. My government proceeded to execute the most urgent of them on its own responsibility. It will submit them to you for examination. A law hu been presented to you on credit foncier. I hope that with the aid of some amendments this question will receive a prompt and satis factory solution. You have adopted the first portion of the penal code; the second part of this great undertaking will shortly be submitted for your consideration. Yon will also be called to vote definitively on the Forest code as well as on the law of forced expropriation, that com plement of the mortgage system and one of the elements of landed credit. A law modifying some provisions of the military code will also be submitted to you for immediate discussion. The examination of the reforms to be intro duced into our judicial organisation, in the notarial depart ment and in the depots do tnendicite, is proceeding without loss of time. The government has just prepared, with ell the attention which the question demands, the system of rates intended to regulate the administration of our cha ritable establishments and foundations. Public instruction continues to be developed in all its degrees. Industrial teaching is propagated. The teaching of the commercial sciences is established. A superior in stitute of commerce has been organised in one of our great towns with the aid of the government. The efforts made to introduce more enlightened systems of agriculture have not been unfruitful; experience permits the presentation of a definitive system of teaching; it will be shortly submitted to your deliberation. The existing laws on the exercise of the various branches of the healing art and on sanitary police require additions. A new biU has been drawn up on this subject. Combined with an in telligent system of public hygiene, it will have a beneficial influence on the sanitary state of the ceuntry. The moral and material well-being of our populations and the consolidation of Belgian nationality, such is the twofold object of our common task. To this my govern ment, sustained, I hope, by your patriotic concurrence, will devote its constant cares; and, gentlemen, our end will surely be gained, if Belgium, acting as heretofore, continues to enjoy its independent existence with dignity and prudence, and in a manner to conciliate more and more the esteem and confidence of foreign nations. THE RUSSIAN DECLARATION OF WAR. The following letter confirms the brief announce ment which we have already published : BRUSSELS, WEDNESDAY. A telegraphic despatch from Berlin, of this day's date, runs as follows: "The Journal de St. Petersburg has just arrived. It contains an Imperial manifesto of the 21st ult. That manifesto declares that, Russia having been provoked to the combat, it only remains for it to have recourse to the force of arms, in order to com pel the Ottoman Cabinet to respect existing treaties, and to obtain reparation for the offences by which it has replied to our moderate demands and to ou Borthodox alite solicitude for the defence of the faith in the Bast." RUSSIA AND TURKEY. Letters from Constantinople are of the 27th ult. It was on that day that news arrived of the commence ment of war on the Danube. On the 25th the re maiming membersof the Russian chancelleryembarked for Odessa on board an Austrian steamer. ltd Won ley, Colonel Buckley, and other British officers, had left the capital to visit Omer Pacha at his head quarters. A new Turkish man of war of 100 guns was launched on the 22nd in presence of the Sultan FRANCE. and high public functionaries. From this scene the —..— Sultan proceeded by water to Ainali Karak, where PARIS, WIDNESDAY Evzsineo. the keel of an 84 gun screw steamer was to be laid. The Patrie announces the important victory gained The following note was addressed officially by the by the Turks in the Danubian provinces in similar Sublime Ports to the representatives of Austria and terms to those of the telegraphic despatch. Prussia, dated (18th of the Nlouharrem, 1270), 21st This is an event of great importance. It indicates October, 1853 : on the part of the Turks admirable decision. The first It is a matter of public notoriety that Russia, in violating shock was terrible on both sides. It is stated that Omer existing treaties by the occu i pation of the two f Peincipali- Paclatia object in crossing the Danube at several points ti ": " has h is wereatiintgtkdar act o f o a f n d a ig ' c r u e lt t i o es j , u c s o ti m 3 l; :Tied and simultaneously was to divide the attention of the s u bli me Porte to take up arms for the defence of her right.. Russian army, so as afterwards to be able with effect whilst the Ottoman government, with the desire of main to concentrate him forces upon a single point. The taming peace, pursued on the contrary a conciliatory line of fact of a double engagement in Asia appears to be o f the ga ti rd i aieciie lin viirit y e o i l la t e h: confirmed. It was, it is said, also favourable to the Zaat,Loref 1841, , conduct, and replete s wi t th e mnrle ag° ainst li t f oreign ships of wa s e, m bu the taste Turks, but we have no sufficient particulars yet. of war produced by the acts of the Russian cabinet hoe It can scarcely be necessary to contradict the placed the Sublime Porte under the necessity of securing rumour of an armistice, when positive facts and the for herself the advantage of right which accrues to her whole aspect of the situation have such a totally from that convention, and the fleets of France and England, opposite character. the august allies of the Sublime l'erte, have been invited to enter into the Straits of the Dardanelles. The necessary The above news may, I believe, be regarded as firmans have been despatched on that head to the Governor authentic. It has certainly been received at the of that Strait, and I have received the command of his 1m- Ottoman Embassy, and is generally credited. perial Majesty the Sultan to give to your Excellency an At the Bourse the Threes opened with a full 35e. i n your quality of official constnun o i t t l i e on co e u f r :hN rAs u e u lu t ti s or of i from yesterday. Some "discounts" announced occa- represen ta tiv e to. . soeaoove-mentioned treaty. I take advantage uln a ol ?a thl y s sioned a slight advance, but the great news of the opportunity to offer your Excellency the USW sue° of my day soon got wind, and the Rente fell for the close to most distinguished consideration Re-eniu. 73fr. 80c., being a fall of 55c. Other securities were The Illiliderer of Vienna has news from Omer not so sensibly affected. The St. Germain railway Pacha's camp to the 28th ult. On the preceding rose 20fr.; Western, 3fr. ; and Strasbourg, 2fr. 30c. day by 12 o'clock, 12,400 men had passed the river The other lines fell, but not very considerably, and at Kalafut. On the 27th, Omer Paella was certainly in no instance more than 10fr. on the right bank of the river. The vanguard of the A Council of Minister, was held at St. Cloud this corps advancing from Sophia had reached Widdin. morning. The troops which had then catered Wallachia would An important and interesting piece of intelligence forni the left wing of the corps which was to operate from the theatre of war is given by the Constatitionsirt, in the Principalities. 'their first destination would 1 under date of Constantinople, Oct. 27. At that time be Krajova, and as soon as the other troops had it appears to have been o fficially communicated to advanced to their support, the river would be crossed . the Porte by Omcr l'acha, that the conditional order at other places. The news that 0,000 Russian I sent to him to suspend hostilities arrived too late, ttnd horse were in Kralove. deserved no credit, but it was [certain that the 2,000 Lancers, who pushed on in ' forced marches from Slating to Krajova, were the vanguard of an advancing corps. The intelligence that Dannenberg's army corps, of 40,000 men and more, is already in Lesser Wallachia, and its place filled up by Osten-Saeken's corps, was positively false. Up to the 25th October, Osten-Sackens trovs had not crossed the Pruth. The news of the passage of the river created a great ferment in Wal lachia, and in some places there were even demon stratlons against the ltussians. This is probably the reason why the state of siege was proclaimed, a measure to which the Russians never before resorted in these countries. The Patrie says a division of the Russian Baltic fleet is anchored, and will pass the winter at Hel -1 singfors, the capital of the grand duchy of Finland, and not at the Swedish port Ilelsingborg, at the entrance of the Sound, as several German journals have reported. Private letters frog Olessa of the 22nd say that a large number of Russian naval officers and sailors had lately passed through that town, on their way to Sebastopol. It was reported that the greater part of the crews of the Black Sea squadron had been sent into the interior, and replaced by picked men from ('ronstadt, who had long been on service in the Baltic. For the rest, commerce continued active, and several merchant ships had arrived in the port within a few days. It is now considered certain that Persia will re main strictly neutral. It appears that to bribe her to act against Turkey the Czar went so far as to offer Persia several of the principal provinces of Asiatic Turkey, and to pay the expenses of the war. The court of Tebelita was much tempted by the offer, and hesitated for a long time, but news arriving from Europe of the decided attitude of Franca and Eng land, the English charge-d'affaires made the Shah acquainted with the true state of the ease, and gave him to understand that by taking part against Tur key he would run a great risk, w hile by remaining neuter he would be sate in any event. The new Greek patriarch at Constantinople, ac companied by a great number of members of the clergy and of the most respectable of his co-religion ists, proceeded on the evening of the 24th ult. to the residence of lteschid Pacha, and handed to him an address full of assurances of sympathy and devoted ness to the Ottoman Porte, in the name of the whole Greek community. The Press of Vienna quotes a letter from Con stantinople, of the 4th, stating that the Ottoman Porte has decided upon taking foreign officers into its service, and that this resolution was come to on the 21st ult. in a council that lasted all night. The Colopie Gazette, under date of Berlin, iith, says:—" It is positively stated that the British cabi net has invited all the courts represented at the con ference of Vienna to recommend to the Ottoman Porte the new project of mediation, by a collective note of the ambassadors of the Four Powers. The contents of this note relate, it is said, to the treaty of 1841, in which the Five Powers guarantee to the Sultan the inviolability of his sovereign rights, and expresses the sincere desire of seeing the tranquillity of his empire consolidated. In the project of the col lective note, the assurance given by the treaty of 1841 is renewed. The note does not contain any fresh guarantee. The question is to know whether this note, which as yet is only a project, will obtain the approbation of the other powers represented in the conference. England and France are alone in accord." THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 10, 1853. THE INDIA MAIL. (HT lONSIARINII AND BUROPEAN TELEGRAPH.) MARSEILLES, THURSDAY. The India Mail arrived here on Wednesday even ing at 11 o'clock. GREECE. The Greek government has just presented to the Senate a bill for contracting a loan of five millions of drachmas (4,300,000 f.) Ot Court. WINDSOR, Nov. 9. The dinner party yesterday included the Duchess of Brabnt, the Duke of Brabant, Colonel ehe lion. . Phipps s an d Count and Countess Gustave de Lannoy.V B. The band of the Scot+ Fusilcer Guards attended in the Castle and performed during dinner ; and in th e e ven i ng her Majesty's private band played the following selection overtime—. Prometheus " Faintish on Airs composed by Prince Albert. Selection—. Marco hpaila Thumphal March Andante —Minima°, Trio, and Finale, "Sisfooia" To-day being the birthday of the Prince a Wales, the the of treopa forming ...e gurison of Windsor, consisting .... the lit Life Guards, commanded by Lieut..Coloncl Parker; and the 2nd Battallion Scots lusileer Guards, by Lieut.- Colonel Onslow; the whoie under Colonel Dixon, paraded at a quarter before 10 o'clock in the Home Park. Her Majesty, accompanied by Prince Albert, the Duke and Duchess of Brabant, the Prince of Wales, Prince Alfred, the Princess Royal, and the younger branch of the Royal Family, and attended by the Ladies and Gentlemen in Waiting took her position immediately under the cut terrace, when the line presented arms, fired a feu-de joie, and gave three cheers for the Prince of Wales. The troops thensarehed past in slow and quick time, wheeled into line, and again presented arms, niter which they re• turned to their barracks. The Duchess of Kent breakfasted with the Queen this morning. Lord Weterpark has succeeded Lord Camay* as Lord in Waiting to her Majesty. Captain Dig Wield, R.N., had the honour of baring an audience of her Majesty, and submitted for the inspection of the Queen and Prince his drawings connected with the Arctic Expedition. Mr. R. Thorneycroft had the honour of submitting yes terday for the inspection of the Queen and Prince a plaster east of an equestrian statuette of her Majesty. Mr. J. Ne'inn Wood (chairman, Mr. William Mann, and Mr. Joseph Mondell (Commissioners of Pilotage for Liver pool), together with Mr. David Rowland (secretary), had an interview yesterday with the Right llon. E. Cardwell, at the Board of Trade. A deputation from the burial committee of the parish of St. Giles, Camberwell, had an interview with Viscount Palmerston OR Tuesday, at the Rome Office. The deputa tion consisted of Messrs. William Etherington, Thomas Potts, John Cooper, James Thornhill, Thomas Billing, George W. Marsden (vestry clerk), and William Searle. The Chancellor of the Exchequer left town yesterday afternoon, (or Windsor Castle, on a virit to the Queen. Mr. S. R. G and Mr. Feral., of Liverpool, on behalf of the Shipowners Association, had an interview yesterday with the Right lionottraWe E. Cardwell, at the Board of Trade. Despatches were received yesterday at the Colonial Office, from the Governor of Malta. THE DISMISSAL OF THE REV. PROFESSOR THE STRIKES. (ritual OLY LOCAL CoUIiIiSPUNDINT.) WP.FNF iDAy --- • . It may seem a remarkable circumstance that Blackburn, situated midway between Preston and Burnley, the headquarters of the lock out., should be in Mil work, whilst the chimneys on either side of them should be smoke. less. Those who proiosa to be, and nu doubt arc, well in formed on this matter contend that this is not because th e employers at Blackburn have found their hands more tractable, or because the operatives have been lees tyran nical in this their day of power than those of other plum. There is an impression that political rather thou any other m nivel interfere at the preseat monseut with the free action of the employers at this place. Certain it is that they have great power at this moment in the disputes at Preston and Burnley if they were to throw their weight into the balance. Blackburn contributes from the wages of its operatives something like a fourth of the whole funds that go to Preston. The people at this place, it has been remarked, ars placing theist... Mom en a critical position ; for whilst they are contributing so much to sustain the strikes elsewhere, they are diminishing their own resources, and laying themselves more and more at the mercy of their own employers. There is a marked dif ferent.; between the position of employers and employed in great strike like the preseat; inasmuch as the former, after keeping their machinery idle, may probably re-eater the market with their goods when prices have beeu unna. turally forced up by the strike, and may reimburse them selves, to some extent, for their loss daring the period of inactivity ; but the operatives are always losers in a strike, and it would take many 10 p r cents., even it they achieved the victory, to repay themselves the sacrifices incurred by wives mid children halfstarved, savings spent, and debts incurred which can never be wiped off, but wi.l hang about them a sense of i•egradation during the remainder of their lives. At a dis tance, it is said, the question is too much regarded as one of mere wages. At the commencement it was properly enough so regarded, but it has assumed a new phase. in many places the 10 per cent. had been conceded before the lock-out, as it is termed, was resolved upon, cud the mill owners felt themselves compelled to take that step, not because they were determined to refuse the demands of their wurkpeople, but in order to resist the dietutorial assumptions of persous who were continually urging the operatives to take higher greuud in proportion as the em ployers yielded to their importunities. lac many cases, the 10 per tent. having been given, the workpeople asked fur a further advance, which the masters refnael; this operatives said they would strike unless their new demands were complied with, and the employers replied, "Then, if we are forced to stop work.ug after all, we will take back the 10 per cent. which we have already granted." At Illackburn the employers, instead of assuming an attitude so decided, appear to be patiently awaiting the result of the contest in other places. 'Ws disposition cannot be accounted fur by the superior piacti <ability of their workpeople, for we shall presently show that the operatives have not been more easy to deal with at I Blackburn than elsewhere, and people must be left to form their own opinion whether the political fecliu,r which causes such a marked division in that sombre locality has the effect of deterring either party from imitating the ex ample set by employers in other places, lest such a I step should in anywise advantage their political opponents. But the point to be kept in mind is that the masters find themselves under the necessity of adoptirg their present course owing to a disposition to insolence and abuse of power, which is manifested on the part of the operatives, and which would become (mite us icisulferable as the conduct of employers would be if they were really the grinding oppressors which it has sometimes been the policy of demagogues to paint them. It is easy to give examples, to show that we are not hazarding aseertions that are unsustainable by facts. We may mention one instance where the operatives iu a mill at Blackburn, atter obtaining the ten per cent. advance, wrist to their emploaers and asked them for some money to celebrate the victory which had been gained over themselves. No notice was taken of the appearance of insult contained in this request, and 10.. was given to the h. nds to make merry with ; but after ' wards one of their employers was informed that they had struck. On going to ask them the reason, they told him they would nut work for him, because a certain other estab lishment in the same town had refused to give is ,bands a similar " treat." The workpeople at another mill in the same neighbourhood turned out, because their employer had purchased sonic yarn, of undeniable quality, from a firm whose weavers were on strike. At Harwood, the hands in one establishment struck bemuse the master would not discharge the over looker, who had made himself obnoxious by refusing to contribute to the support of the turnouts. In another instance the hands refused to make a particular sort of cloth, and their employer had in consequence to sacrifice a considerable sum to release himself from a contract which his workpeople had thus rendered him unable to fulfil. The canto of one strike in Blackburn would be sufficiently amusing if it were not painful to see a body of workpeople rush precipitately in the way of a wrestle with starvation from so slight a motive. In this instance the mei , looker was censuring a man for not keeping his looms clean, when the weaver pleaded that he had no brush. This man was particularly proud of a luxuriant growth of whiskers which adorned his phi siognomy, and the overlooker, unable to forbear a sarcasm at the expense of a man whom he perhaps thought more attentive to the culture of this hirsute crop than to the discharge of his duty, replied, "Then, it I were thee, I'd cut my whiskers oft to clean the looms with." To revenge this affront, offered to one of their number, the whole of the operatives turned out, and remained on strike for a con siderable time, although they had already obtained the advance. Alter the strike at Stockport, the hands of one of the mills which were the first to resume work, conducted themselves in a most overbearing way. Their employers were going to send away some yarn, when the men inter fered, and demanded, " Where is that yarn going to "To Manchester," was the reply. " No," said the men, we are not going to send yarn to Manchester when there are weavers in Stockport waiting for it." And the em ployers were obliged to yield the point. It is needless to multiply instances: the above are sufficient to demonstrate the existence of the usurping and exacting spirit which the employers are now endeavouring to check. If these who are leading the operatives in this dispute had been in the pay of an association of masters, they could not have played into their hands more effectually than they have been doing ; for the masters were never more agree able to a suspension of op 'rations than they are at the pre sent time. The operatives have based their demands on the fact that trade has been good during the last four years, but for some time back all the profits have been made on spinning, whilst there has been scarcely any description of cloth which could be made at a profit, and the great bulk of the trade in Blackburn and the neighbourhood is com posed of men who are manufacturers only. It is tolerably certain that an accommodation would have been entered into long since between the employers and their hands, in many instances, if the operatives bad been left free agents in the matter ; but they are obliged to refer all offers of employment to the consideration of their central committee, an irresponsible body, whose members are very little known, and who always interfere to prevent any com promise. This committee, moreover, constitutes itself a sort of inquisition, and instances are related in which, when there has been any dispute between the hands and their employers, the members hive gone to examine the machinery, to satisfy themselves whether the masters were working properly. Hands who may be disposed to offer to return to work are deterred from doing so by the fear of this committee, which would at once stop their allowance, and deprive them of the onlyscsourcc they have left against starvation. We are in a position to correct some state ments on this subject which have appeared in the morning papers. It has been said that the operatives in this dis trict must be doing very well if they can afford to con tribute Gs. per loom towards the support of the turnouts; and that provisions must be very cheap if people are able to live upon Gs. per week. The fact is that the men contribute only 3d. par loom (although a much higher levy has been talked of), and, as each man works at four looms, that would make Is. per week ; and the average earnings are somewhere about ISs. per week, so that Gt. per weak cannot support them, and they are constantly iu debt to the small shopkeepers. It is probable that if those who have been urging on the operatives to the struggle were reduced to the same allowance per week which the hands have now to subsist upon, there would soon I e an end of the strike. ELEcTons.—Yesterday, an abstract return to the How,: of Commons was printat of the number of electors on the register of 18.52-5:3, in each county, city, and borough in Ireland, distinguishing their .itislitieation In counties the electors nurnberr.l 119,854, and in cities and borooghs 29,631, making the total number of electors 179,489. MAURICE FROM ICING'S COLLEGE. In compliance with a special demand made by Mr. Maurice, Dr. Jelf has published the whole of the corre spondence which passed between himself and the professor relative to the charge of unsoundness of doctrine which led to Lis recent dismissal. It appears that the correspondence commenced as far back as July 8, on which day Dr. Jell addressed a letter to the professor, in which he st►ted that his attention had been called by high authority to the conclu• sMn of the last of Mr. Maurice's theological lectures, lately published, and proceeds as follows : " It is alleged that you therein deny the eternity of future punishments. I have read the essay with attention, and confess that it appears to me to bear that interpretation ; at least, the impression it gives seems to throw an atmosphere of doubt on the simple meaning of the word eternal, and to convey a general notion of ultimate salvation for all. I am, of course, most anxious to ascertain your real meaning." To this letter Mr. Maurice replied on the next day, stating that he be lieved in the doctrine of eternal punishment, or death, in that sense which seemed to him most con sistent with the other uses of the word " eternal " in the New Testament; but he does not believe in the doc trine in that sense which is given to it, or seema to he given to it in many popular discourses and theological treatises, and that he repudiates that sense as inconsistent with the Gospel. He adds, "To state my convictions on this sub ject was a duty which I felt that I owed to thousands of young Englishmen, whose faith in the redemption of Christ, even in the being of God, is at stake. I could not but tell them, because 1 believe it is true, that the state ments which have led them to identify the God and Father of our Lord with the evil spirit, arc not derived from the orthodox faith ; that they are estrange product of Calvinism and Locke phileeophy, and of the morbid consciousness of individuals." Oa the 14th of July, Dr. Jelf wrote to state that the Professor's vies"; filled him with the most intense alarm, and intimated that as the rev. gentleman's were, be presumed, ollicial one, he should Icy them before the clerical members of the council. and, it need be, before the council itself. At length Dr. Jelf decided that the ultimate decision must pass into other hands than his own, and Mr. 31..ariec was rcmovel tem his prof:um:hip under ciic um stance with which our readers are already familiar.