The Express. — London, England, 1847-05-26 00:00:00

ght eporems• ----• The MIMS Mr N ell be mob ma l e Nnall=il4•7sairlitTayaalia.. Lard. a aad ("fajta' The mile fir am na Van timma's ad e. Zealand mill arcb ade np Se es datemedminitha Mat May. TM. Waft Inas isestrlfaiko, Hosanna. and the Unmask. mill be made tom an thamalmgMlba and Jane. The mail. kr grid& North Arm*" Passees, and the Unitrl Mates, will be made up on the evesdprdlbe ard Jame. The overland made for Gibraltar, MeNes,Onaillin, the lonian Handy. 1-pr, Aden, Ceylon, India, llonwr[omr,awd Odra, ere Sou Maintop, 1,4 he made up on the morning of tbe 3M Jana The mails for the Brarila the River Piste, Monte Video, Pennon hum, Bahia, Madeira, and Buenos Army will be matte ep on the evenleg of the lib June. The overland elided msile, no Marseille', to the Mediterranean, Moat, Aden, Ceylon, Meng Kong, &a, will be made up on the evening of the Ith Ante. TO CORRESPONDENTS. Wm cannot olio', to any way, may communication that is lent to pm anonymoosly; bat thole chow to addiew on in coati Imam will cat th eir onthdeme rampected. NEITUER CAN WE UM/MIAMI TO RETURN ANT MANUSCRIPTS WHATEVER. Tut Aawrtiang Mast of Su . DAILY NEWS" and "EXPRISRS . kayo boot REMOVED from FLEET-STREET, to 10, ISOUVERIE ST., VLIET-BT., conuonoto to the Prhitias mod Publishialt Mow ticertiscutent. intmtad for Th. !Corea, Londco evening paper, must be at the Oak* by Two o'clock on the day of publicctioa, MOO WATER AT LONDON-BRIDOE. Ten DAT—ldoruloit. SI min. put II ; Alternacs, 0 eel& red 0. To-30mm —Karam, I Ws. pat 0 ; Mermen, 2./mfe. pea 0. LONDON, WEDNESDAY, MAY 26. LEL , S note of electioneering preparntion meets the ear from Scotland than from any other part of the United Kingdom. The truth is, that party in Scotland being more exclusively based upon principle, and the relative strength of parties there having been more unequivocally . displayed at former elections than else where, there isles' ta mptatMn to engage in contests. The former constituencies of Scotland were so limited in number, and of the few voters so many held merely fictitious qualifications, that the new con stituencies under the Reform Bill contain within them scarcely any alloy of the old electors. Scotch voters are no more immaculate than their southern countrymen—no more suim Lir to selfish and sinister biases; but the fraction of them who had enjoyed any practical training in a school of political corruption previously to the first election under the Reform Bill, was so insignificant that it =iv be disregarded in estimating the influences which decided that struggle. It was a fair, stand-up fight, that first election, between whig and tory principics. The whig and tory leaders were obliged to throw themselves upon untried constituencies. The pro verbial caution of Scotland afforded no chance for radicals, except in the case of a couple of country gentlemen of old family, of whose radicalism neither whig nor tory stood much in awe. In some of the exclusively agricultural or pastoral counties, old yeomanry and volunteering associations—to say nothing of awkward reminiscences of rent days— gave the ascendancy to the tones. But in all the burghs of Scotland, and in a majority of the counties, the elections—as befitted a staid Presbyterian nation —wect hollow in favour of whiggery—of Scotch whiggery—a political faith, with a little more of reason and a little less of heart in it than its English sister ; not a little pedantic, but warranted to wear well and of fast colours. At the next two general elections, and at every partial election that took place in the intervals be tween them, the tories attempted to regain the place they had lost, but in vain. Some constituencies they gained for a time, others to all appearances perma nently ; but they could not turn the scales in their favour, nor even materially abate the total of the hostile majority. Each party knows from experience the other's strength too well to waste its time and money on unavailing efforts. According to present appearances there will not be • dozen contested elections in Scotland. It must not, however, be too hastily assumed that on account of this quietude there is to be no change in the present relative strength of parties, or in their future prospects. Absolute repose is sometimes the surest agent of per manent change. Forexamplc the SOLICITOR-GENERAL, the present able and excellent representative of the stewartry of 'Kirkcudbright, having consented to stand again, it is generally understood that he will be returned without opposition. Had a new man stood, there would have been a contest, and the tory party, by making appearance, would have been kept together though sure to be defeated. But by allowing judgment to go against them by default, the tories quit the field, and if the new parliament live out its full span, against the next election there will be no such party in the stewartry. On the other hand, if, as seem, to be the general understanding, Lord LINCOLN is to walk the course for Lanark shire under the HAMILTON auspices; and if, as seems certain, Messrs. OSWALD and CALDWELL be returned without opposition for Ayrshire and Renfrewshire, this throws these three great manufacturing and co-terminous counties into the neutral tint of Peeliam, and arrests midway the change in the politics of the ducal house of HAMILTON, which seemed certain upon the death of the present peer. The state and prospects of the con stituencies now named indicate the silent struggle which is watchfully carried on in Scotland at this moment. The leaders of the reform bill movement are noiselessly extending and consolidating the sway of the liberal party, and the conformers, who have the sense to see that henceforth no set of men can rule this country except upon liberal principles, are pre paring to renew the struggle for power in the new field of liberalism. Of the contested elections already announced, only three can by any possibility damage the liberal cause. In Roes-shire, Mr. klArnEsos'a success would be a triumph; bat the county cannot well be worse repre sented than at present. It would require a micro meter to decide whether Mr. Burr or Sir A. L. Her is the more eligible candidate. However the game may go in the ultimo Thute of Orkney and Zetland, we are sore of a staunch liberal. But it is not a very graceful act in Lord JOHN lieu to desert the battle field of Berwickshire, where he stood a fair chance of ousting Mr. F. Scorr —discarded from Roxburgh shire for his Staaleyite propensities by the Duke of Brect.r.nen—in order to oppose Mr. DUNLOP, an accomplished liberal and excellent man of busi ness, in Greenock. Fife, too, affords some reason for anxiety. The gallant member who canvassed and carried the county, by his own confession, " to spite the country gentlemen," seems determined to retain the seat, though he discharges none of its duties, to spite those whom he is accustomed to call " the ten-poanders." The natural desire of the country to be really represented in parliament, has compelled the liberals to bring forward Mr. Featice. It is not impossible that a tory or a trimmer may slip in between the new and the old liberal, but the risk must be ran, if Fife is to have any voice in the next parliament, and if defeated, the liberals will at least have some amusement from the peculiar and racy speeches of the gallant captain, to allay the pain of dis co mfiture. Glasgow seems not disinclined to repeat the mistake of its first election under the Re form Bill, when wrong-headed self-will caused a type of the new conformist party to be sent to parliament as member for Glasgow before there was any party for him to co-operate with. The three candidates as yet in the field are all sufficiently sound in their general politics. The contest has been forced on by an opinion, that the local business of the con stituency was inadequately attended to. For Glasgow to have no voice of its own, worthy of commanding the attention of the legislature, is monstrous. So great a city demands one local, one cosmopolitan member, one representing its exclusive interests, and one holding rank amongst the commercial authorities of the age. The last we understand to have been satisfactorily found in Mr. M'GREGOR. lithe liberal cause sustain any damage is so important and influ ential a constituency through these intestine dimen sional, deep will be the responsibility of those who, when an unobjectionable liberal candidate was already in the field, brought forward another, simply because the first was not of their nomination. LORD ABIpIUIRTON'3 is a well-timed and able pamphlet, pointing out, without clamour or party spirit, the true causes of the present commercial dis tress, and the remedies to which we should look. His lordship does not, with most of those foremost in handling this question, throw all the blame of the dis tress upon one great cause, and throw all the force of remedy into one great panacea. He admits the dearth g e th e p r incipal cause of disturbance, and shows how this h as been aggravated by former provisions of the legislature, i so lsilded, but unfitted, to meet all contingencies. He reco:nmends, in consequence, the repeal of the law of 1844, bur by no means insists that this alone, or that any other :may mode of augmenting the currency, can restore at once those facilities of - credit which have been interrupted. At the same time, his lordship does not go the length of those who assert that capital cannot be created, when there is lack of it, by extending cur rency and credit. The capital which exist in the manufacturing establishments of this country has been used to command and employ for the working of those establishments a certain amount of credit, and of currency ;armed upon that credit and representing it. The corn trade has of necessity absorbed this capital, and taken away the currency. Instead of the Bank, or the banks of the country, acting, as they naturally would, as a perennial fount, able and ready to supply the legitimate wants of credit, when those wants by natural mums become multiplied, the bill of 1844 dries up the source, and forbids the supply under the plea of keeping up the solvency of the Bank. The manufacturing interest of the country stands in need of low prices and active credit, as the true and advantageous way of paying for corn import by profitable manufacturing export. That interest does not demand the creation of new capital, but the wonted credit which its vested capital has ever and rightly enjoyed. To stop such a demand with the Out that we cannot create capital, is as Irrational, u it is insulting. This fright of the Bank, with ten millions in her coffers, of violating this parliamentary restraint, has driven her into proceedings which have dv predated to a very greet extent every description of property; fond only, for evident reasons, excepted. It would not bo easy to estimate this depreciation, extending over all merchandise, stock', railroad shares, &c ; it probably would not be overstated at from 10 to 20 per cent. ; but what is worse, it has paralysed tLis property in the hands of the possessors, rendered it unavailable towards meeting their engagements, and thus produced, in many cases, pecuniary sacrifices much beyor.d the mere deprecia tion of the Take of the property itself. I: has further occasioned the suspension of the execution of orders from our customers in every quarter, thus t:istreating manu facturers, and impoliag those very operations which would have corrected the tendency to an uufaveurable balance of trade, and given safety to the circulation of the Bank. It is needless to follow up farther all the fatal consequi nee to capital branching from this mistaken anxiety about cur rency : the latter is after all but the shadow of the farmer— the small ehaoge be which the transactions are liquidated, though undoubtedly in some respects the regulator of its value: but I have no hesitation in thinking that, if these enormous fluctuations in the value of property, and these occasional disturbances of manufacturing n.dustry, are inse parable Dom the circulation of bank-notes, we pay too dear for this accommodation, great and useful as it is ; and that it would be more safe to have no banks of iuuc, and use only these of depot, Ike the great trading city of Harnburgh. The bill of 1844 is, however, fast deciining in public opinion, and losing daily its best and most staunch supporters. Amongst those whn have just abandoned it, we may cite the Morning Chronicle, at first so determined a stickler for the PEEL theory of currency legislation. None gave more uncompro mising support to the act and to its leading provisions than that journal. It upheld the necessity of restrict ing currency and credit at the same time, under the plea of preventing a drain of gold. It applauded the restrictions placed upon the country bankers, in I order to give the Bank of England uncontrolled mastery over the circulation, and was strong in favour of that division of the Bank of England into the issue and the bankin_ gdepartment recommended by Colonel TORRENS and Mr. JONES LOYD. The Chronicle noel ' very wisely gives up every one of these principles. It declares the amount of Bank notes in cir culation to bo fraught with none of those consequences attributed to it by the supporters of the bill of 1844. It denounces as strongly as Lord Asnetravos the inutility and disadvantage of the separation of the Bank into two departments. The Chronick has only to recant its approval of the restriction put upon country banks, in order to have accomplished one of those evolutions from cast to west of opinion, for which the Times alone was sup to possess sufficient hardihood. Mr. Jonas Loin and Colonel TORRE:XS were once the currency heroes of the Chronicle ; the latter was pro nounced by it as having victoriously cruaned and refuted all the objections and cavils of Mr. Tooxe against the bill of 1844. Now, however, the Chronicle generously admits that Mr. Tooxz was perfectly right in his masterly pamphlet, as well as in his prognostications, and avows Sir R. PEEL and his doctrine completely in the wrong. Some time back the argument of the writer of the Chronicle was, that the outcry against the bill of 1844 was unfounded, for that it really did not limit the circulation ; that those wko proposed to repeal that law did so merely because they confounded capital and currency; and that it would be much better to give up " troubling our heads" about Sir R. PEEL'S Bank Act. By this time, viz., a fortnight later, it has become evident even to the writer of the Chronicle, that the bill of 1844 has somewhat to do with the existing distress. He is forced to admit with all the world the grievous pressers which it has been on credit, and for avowed ends, in which it has altogether failed. Without much affecting the note circulation, the banking or deposit department has been run upon and menaced with as much peril as if the act of 1844 had never been in existence. Mr. TOOKE is declared a true prophet by the old opponents of his views, and the entire school of currency writers have not a friend or stronghold left, except in that body so generally behindhand al these matters—viz., the House of Commons. IN rummaging through the country papers in search of electioneering news, we have lit un the following extraordinary paragraph in the B erwick. Adcertiaer Rumours of • requisition being in course of signature among the freemen of the borough inviting a third candidate to present himself, have been current during the put week, and we are told that so many as Mauna have been attached to it. We have been unable to obtain a sight of the requisi tion, but we have been informed that its tenor is merely pledging the nibseribers to support a third candidate without reference to politics or person; and no qualification is stated as being required. A stranger to " Berwick i' the far north " might be puzzled to understand such a requisition ; but they who know the past electioneering history of the borough can, we fear, have little doubt what it means. The paragraph ought surely to have been headed— " Wanted a Third Candidate! Freemen to Let!" The former practices of this borough, when the suf frage was confined to freemen, disclose the object of the present announcement : it smacks of the days of MYLNE, of BERESFORD, and of GLADSTONE ; of times when the redoubtable Mr. CLEMENT PATTISON had always a contest cut and dry for an election, come when it might ; when he had always a " third man" prepared to slip from hie leash; when votes were votes, and contests were contests. But, alas! for CLEM." and his congenial clients, this advertisement of sale also indicates a scarcity of the article they once had in each abundance. They may still have votes to sell ; but who'll buy them ? That appears to be now the lifficulty—hoe opus, hic labs.. eat. However, they appear rewired not to lose a chance ; they arc in the market : if money is to be had, they are determined to have it. Berwick or Bridport ? Which is the cheaper ? A great question this for the curious in borough prices. The last election for Berwick was an exceptional one : the more respectable of the constituency found that in Mr. Marrnaw Foluitert they had got a candidate worthy of representing them, and he was returned in spite of old habits. The present is a desperate attempt to revert to them. But it will fail : for if Mr. CLE MENT ParrisoN be not lawyer enough to know of Lord Jonx Russr.tes act, passed in the present par liament, he will find "third men" everywhere very much in dread of that wholesome statute. It has rendered it next to impassible for any man to retain a seat obtained by corrupt means ; and the chances are, that if the present attempts be persisted in, it will end in the disfranchisement of the requisitionists, as well as is the defeat of their candidate. But the 'attempt will fail for another and a better reason : for although Mr. PArrisow may be blind to the change, there has been a great change in public opinion since he dab bled in—and lost his client—the last Berwick election : there is not only increasing danger attaching to the old system, but there is an increasing sense of its dis grace and men now-adays are not to be seduced Tito tie loss of both their money and their reputation Isdnlge the venality of needy and corrupt freemen. if Berwick be dissatisfied with the conduct of both es slither of its present members, let the grounds of , tisistisfaction be openly expressed ; and other candi dates Invited to come forward on definite principles, or for expressed objects. But this groping in the dark for a candidat e w ith ou t any declared object, and merely for the sake of a contest, is a system which the respectable and really independent part of the constituency sad the kcal press, regardless of all dif ference of political opinions, ought to discountenance. We think our respectable contemporary, the licricirk Advertiser, could sot do a greater local service than to denounce and put down a system entailing so mach scandal on the borough, and which cannot be THE EXPRESS, WEDNESD. persistedn, but at the to of the franchise. Let Sudbury be a warning to Berwick. A better representative than Mr. FORSTER it is impossible for Berwick to select. No man iu the pre sent parliament has voted more frequently or cor rectly ; and no member that ever sat for the borough ever gave such attention to its local affairs. Of Mr. RICILARD HoDGSoN we cannot say much ; but this we must say, that it will be far better for the public ser vice that he should be returned without a contest than got rid of by the means desired by the requisitionists. The suspension of business in Paris consequent on thefeetivalofPentec 3et, and the non-appearance of moat of tho French journals on Monday, leave us without in telligence of any general interest from Paris. The snbject of conversation in all circles, to the exclusion even of domestic and foreign politics, was the death of O'Connell, an event which has produced a lively sensation throughout Europe. The ministry in Spain continues its efforts to put a termination to the unbecoming separation which has taken place between their Majesties the Queen and her consort. As yet, however, these well meant attempts have been unsuccessful. The cabinet bad visited the King on the 19th in a body at the l'ardo, where he amuses himself with field sports, and had represented to his Majesty the impropriety of his personal separation from the Queen. They entreated him to go to Aranjusz, or to return to Madrid. The King, however, declined, but private letters say that he offered to join the Queen on certain con ditions, among which were mentioned the following : —that there should be a change in the persona com posing the royal household, and that his own rights and privileges should be definitively settled. The cabinet on returning to Madrid held another meet ing, ut which, however, nothing could be decided without further reference to her Majesty. MM.I Pacheco and Salamanca departed accordingly once , more for Aranjuez. 1 Notifications of the marriage of the Infante Don Henri9ue with Maeille.de Castellan, were sent among the aristocracy of Madrid. M. de la Rive, charged with firing at the Queen, I was still in confinement. The investigation of the afftie was naively proceeding. The Ero (k 1 Conu rcio of the 19th has the following: The government of Louis Philippe has a positive interest in making it appear that the Queen of Spain is not as happy as she ought to be, and it is towards this end that all the representatives of tlilt monarch here endeavour to keep the royal pair as far apart as possible, so as to cause an irretriev able separation between them, and render probable the urgency of extreme measures. But would even such an event deprive the Queen of the sympathy of her people 1 No, assuredly not ; and the nation, made aware that such a result was the consequence of French intrienee, would rally round Isabella, and give her fresh proofs of that attachment which supported her against Don Carlos. The policy of the Milne r aidas is not the less interested in keeping up this disunion than it is in maintaining the system of illegality and violence which now weighs upon us. The more discontent is shown by the country, the more ground will be gained in advance towards a solution of so many venal intrigues. We must not be deceived ! the idea which presided over the great event, which has already caused us so many vexations, is that of dominating over us de jure and de facto; and, to attain this end with greater facility, Spain roust be weak ened, and rendered incapable of offering resistance. But the Queen, notwithstanding her little experience, and all the means resorted to to keep the sufferings of her people concealed from her, has discoverLd the plots conceived against her own rights and the independence of the Spanish people; she is informed of the means employed by the Afrancesados to carry cut their projects, and she intends defeating them; hut are the present ministers men capable of rendering her the necessary assistance towards this great result? We ore of the opinion that her Majesty is persuaded of the contrary. She nevertheless wishes to hear what they have to say before entrusting to others the execution of her noble project. Never did our young Queen stood so much in need, as at the present moment, of the patriotic support of all true Spaniards; and we believe that, with the exception of the hirelings of France, she may reckon upon the support of the whole nation. FRANCE—BonanoN.—A grandiloquent corre spondent of Galignani from the isle of Bourbm writes as follows, under date 23rd February. The financial crisis had become aggravated, ia consequence of the bad weather, ' which had continued thirty-five days without interruption, had compromised the sugar canes, and completely destroyed the plantations of rierieres. There was an absolute want of specie ; the sums paid out by the treasury to the garrison were immediately conveyed to India or the Archipelago for the acquisition of rice and cattle. In conse quence of the rains—which had caused the rivers to overflow, ruined cultivation, and interrupted all communications for several days—the colony suffered most severely from the want of provisions. 'Dais deplorable state of things may be ascribed to many causes, but especially to the inter ruption of commercial relations with Madagascar. For. rarely, the greater portioa of rice and cattle required by the colony, were obtained from that island by means of ex. changes, but at present they have to be procured from India, where ey have to be paid for in money. The Colonial Council, which had been prorogued on account of the violence of its discussions, bad resumed its sittings. The government had submitted to it several draughts of decrees destined to ware the execution of the law of July, 1845, but the party of resistance seemed disposed to reject them absolutely. The question of delegation was espeded to receive a solution is the course of the month of March, but on that matter, as on all others, the Colonial Council was divided, without there being any hope that the two parties would accept any means of conciliation. Another correspondent writes : The greatest anxiety was felt at St. Dents, as to the fate of the French corvette Berceau, of 32 guns. It was stated there that she had foundered, and that all hands had perished. In December last the frigate Belle Fouls and the Berceau were caught in • hurricane on their way to Sainte Marie, Madagascar. The Belle Poole h.id remelted Sainte Marie, having received much injury; but the Beroeau never reappeared. A vessel bad been sent to explore round Madagascar, but no tiel could be obtained of the missing vessel. She had on bulia crew of 250 men besides several passengers for Sainte Marie. GREECE.—PAYRAB, MAY Io.—The king and queen arrived here on the 7th, accompanied by the Prince Royal of Bavaria. The opposition party, to the number of 3,500, went out to meet him, as also did the ministerial part, in number about 800. A quarrel arose between the two parties, and some flags were taken away from the ministerial party. One of the oppositionists was stabbed by a police man, and a bloody affray would have ensued, bad not the commandant of the trona arrested the offender, and harangued the people. The king was met on his entry by about 600 people, when • petition was presented to him, praying for a reform in the administration of govern ment, and • el me adherence to the charter and the constitution. Hie majesty received it, and promised to give an answer the next morning, which he did not. The next day the king received all the consular agents, but it was easily perceived that all has smiles and attentions were directed to the Anetaian consul and French vice-consul. In the evening there was a ball at the residence of their ma jetties, a select one, yet a crowded affair. The next day the Prince Royal of Bavaria left in the steamer for Mis soloaghi. Their majesties intend to return to Athens via Romania. The bandits are as numerous as ever. Two Englishmen, Maus. Church and Penrose, who were ten- I vellang without guards, were stopped by an armed gang, plundered of 305., and left bound together on the road. Our worthy consul here wrote to Sir E. Lyons, at Athens, stating the necessity for a British man-01-war being stationed at Pa tna, for the protection of British interests and property. Hie Excellency wrote to Admiral Curtis, at Malta, and we are hourly looking for the arrival of H.M. brig Mutine. The interest of tie loan has not yet been paid, nor is it likely to be until a coinage taken place on purpose. CALIFORNIA.—In the Chia.; Mail of 4th March there is a letter from Oahu (Sandwich Islands), containing an account of the American operations in Upper California. The writer states that he derived them from a letter written to the American consul at Oahu by Captain Gillespie (the officer who surrendered the Pueblo de Ice Angelo. to the Californians), and from verbal communications by Major Sword, a cavalry officer, who accompanied General Kearney in hie overland expedition from Santa F 6, and who had been despatched to Oshu in quest of provisions for the American forces in California. Major Sword reported that the Ame ricans, both en shore and afloat, were much in want of pro visions, each man's ration of biscuit having been reduced to four ounces, while the supply of fresh meat hal been ren dered very precarious. 1 accounts of the Californian war correspond pretty exactly with those received through the United States, except that the numbers of the Mexicans and Californians with whom the Americans had to contend 'restated much lower. The following is the account given of the country through which Gee. Kearney puled with h ragoons: " Major Sword informs me that in August lest he set out from Fort Leavensworth, which is situated on the right bank of the Missouri, a little above the town of Independence, and that he came the whole way from thence to San Diego with a body of troops; that from their starting point an the Mis souri to Santa FS the distance is seven hundred miles, the road level and good ; that from Santa Ff to San Diego the distance is one thousand and fifty miles, the road at intervals running over and among mountain ridges, and for three days aeries the Sandy Basin or Wilderness which, extending in • southerly direction from the north of San Francisco to the head of the Gulf of California, forms the eastern wide desert boundary of the whole length of that country. The major assures me that the route be followed from the United States to the Pacific Ocean is the best, and he believes the shortest yet discovered, and that by establishing a succession of mili tary colonies or posts at the distance of from fift to one hundred miles from each other, ther.difficultics and ' dangers of the journey would be rendered easy to surmount. The occasional want of provisions and forage was the most serious evil the party had to contend with." COLONIAL. NEW BRUNBWITK7—RniLwATe. —We have now before us the reports presented to the Legislative Coun cil and Assembly of New Itrunswick, relating to the project of constructing a railway and a line of electro-magnetic tele graph through the province', from Halifax to Quebec : and X EVENING, MAY 26, 1847. we understand that this Important document is now beingree printed here by order of the Colonial-office. We can eon mice nothing more important at the present day than the development .f the fisheries, and the agricultural and mineral resources of British North America: and certainly the first step to systematic colonisation, to the creation of granaries for England in the rich soil of her nearest oolonial possession, is to facilitate intercommunication by roads and railways, the formation of which, moreover, would immedi ately employ and relieve thousand, of our home population. Make railways, and colonies will make themselves. The reports we have referred to embrace very ample and valuable details and statistics u to the trade, agriculture, fisheries, and general progress of the 13 counties of New Brunswick the imports and export., and number and Umfrage of vessels built is the province from 182.5 to 1845 ; estimates and other parti culars relating to electric telegraphs and wooden railways, and upon the ports and harbour, east of Halifax ; and a prac tical treatise os the various uses and properties of the timber trees of the dose forests of New Brunswick. Our reader, are aware that the local and imperial governments have afforded very great and extensive privileges to a body of local e,apitaltsts to form the first link in this great chain of British transatlantic railways; these privileges embrace large tracts and blocks of territory, and a guarantee of .5 per cent. inte rest on the further capital to be subscribed in England. It is now more than ten year, since an act was parsed to incor porate the St. Andrew's and Quebec Railway Company. Va rious circumstances, espacially the pending protracted nego tiations to settlo the boundary question, led to the sisspen sio a of proceedings under this ac!, but • line was actually surveyed at the expense of the British government. It is now intended to form eighty miles of this line, vie, from St. Andrew's to Woodstock, to be afterwards continued to the Grand Falls, there to run into the great main trunk line from Halifax to Quebec, in the event of which extension, the United State. companies will complete the coanexion through Maine, from Boston and Augusta to St. Andrew's; thus by the physical leading to the moral and commercial union of the republic and Great Britain. These railways will all be constructed of Payniaed timber rails, with cylindrical bearing wheels, and on the guide-wheal principle; and, as all the land, timber, fuel, and materials are granted free, will not met mare than 1,0001. pee mile. There are 12.000,001 of acres of rich and valuable territory still the property of the crown in the province of New Bruns wick; and this territory abounds in the finest timber, in coal, iron, salt, gypsum, freestone, and slate; while the waters of the bay of Fundy term with fish, for which • railway would open up on inexhaustible market in the interior of the pro vinces. Perhaps the moat important portion of these reports, especially in connexion with the formation of the line, and the supplying of England with cheap timber for railway and other purpnses, is that which treats of the vast timber forests of New Brunswick. Between the parallels of 43 deg. and 46 deg. north latitude, or the larger portion of New Brunswick, both the resinous or "soft wood" trees, the pine and the spruce, and the leafy or " kid woods," the maple, birch, beech, ash, &r., abound in all directions; above that line, the hard wood lands gradually become more rare, and the soft wood lands more abundant ; while the reverse takes place below the line, as we proceed clawnwards through the states. In New Brunswick, accordingly, we find three or four species of oak, walnut, maple, alder, cherry, beech, hornbeam, ash, elm, lime, pine, spruce, larch, and cedar ; and many of the most valuable descriptions being found in the interior, and at some distance from river navigation, they have never become the subject of commerce with Europe. The cutting down and sawing of this timber into sleepers and scantlings for the English railways, would afford a permanent employment for emigrant labourers during the winter months. In South Carolina, where also three is abundance of timber, rails essentially of timber have been adopted with success, save as respects the perishable nature of the material. It was necessary that all the timber should be periodically renewed, or that perma nent embanking and masonry should be supplied. But in the report on this subject addressed to the Lieutenant-Gover nor of New Brunswick by Mr. Wilkinson, of the surveyor general's department, it is alleged that had any certain mesas of preventing the decay of the wood been known, such ne cessity would have been obviated. Oa the principle to be adopted in these Canadian lines, we observe that both mechanical and chemical appliances are resorted to, to pre vent abrasion and decay ; and a first successful experiment, accordingly, will pave the way for the general adoption of the plan on the American continent. Eighty miles of • cheap and efficient railway, commencing at the boundary port of St. Andrew's, will lead to hundreds and thous seds of miles of similar roads. SUGAR CULTIVATION IN THE MADRAS PRESIDENCY.—(CoyworocAran). The Delta of the Godarery, forming part of the dis trict of Rajahmundry, is situated about 230 geographical miles N.E. of Madras. It is about 50 miles from the point where the river Bret divides to the sea, and the Delta land extands about 80 miles along the coast, joining on the south side the Delta of Kistne. It has a perfectly safe and good harbour in the Ilay of Coring.. The peculiar advantages of this district for sugar cultiva tion are these:—l. The whole Delta, containing 800,000 acres actually under cultivation, has been pronounce 1 by one ex perienced person to be perfectly suited in respect of soil, almost every acre being capable of producing a good crop, and the best probably not less than 21 to 3 tons. A considerable extent is now cultivated by the natives, and with greater profit than any other cultivation, but from want of cap:6d, and especially from the uncertainty of having a sale for the produce, it has not increased hitherto ; but now that Euro. peace have undertaken the manufacture of sugar, ensuring a sale for the jagghery and coarse sugar sada by the growers, it is inereuing, but not rapidly. The following is the actual present coat of cultivation, as conducted by the natives, with the country cane : Rapes. Planting, weeding, tutting, An, per awe l2 Baraboo. to support the canoe Cost of raising water 10 to 15 feet Land-tax lbr two years Presdng and manntleturing jagghery • 9 Met of II candies, or 5,5001bn B7 Cog a ditto per to 35 Present prSoe per to 3O Profit to cultivator& At this rate for jagghery the cost of the sugar to the manu facturer is Rupees. 2 V:, (including carriage) Manufacturing about C4At of one ton of row llll—Cl6 10.. Freight, dots, &e 2O 0 38 10s. Present value of such enter in London /boat Nett profit to the manufacturer It will be observed that this is the present actual oast of sugar under these disadvantages :- 1. The country cane is a moat wretched kind, about the e iZr of one's finger, 6 to 10 feet long, producing, according to the natives' estimation, about one-half or three-quarters the quantity of sugar per acre that the Mauritius cane does—for the latter has hams introduced lately, and thrives excellently. 2. The whole cultivation is earned on in a very ignorant and imperfect manner, from want of capital and skill. Two years' land tax is paid upon each crop, because the canes do not rettoon, but a new piece of ground is taken each year • and every other year little or nothing is grown on the ground. 3. The means of raising the water are miserably bad, and it costs about three or four times what it would cost if relied by steam power. 4. From the imperfection of the mills and of the manufac ture much of the saccharine matter is lost. On account of these and other defects in the native ma nagement there is not the least doubt that with the Mauri tius cane and European skill and capital, the actual coat of production would be greatly reduced, especially as the sugar would be made direct from the juice. The following is the estimate of an experienced West In dian planter, of the exposes of werking a farm and menu fact4=lo tans of raw per annum : 1,000 rupees per month. • o lmsapsims, oaesrverseers, disease , 1,500 I :10 1 11 = 4 NMI bibs soligant-ovainers 100 Woe men so ......... 6 oaths eta sentsnts .. GO 3 forges Go 10 carpenters .. TO 1 European carpenter To pews 1, 0 20 SOO labourers Sundries —5,900 ropees Y. 12 = 63,600 1 000 tons of firewood Water government rest [And, ditto _ IWO 7,400 1,000171.000 repairer ton 71 tort of yaw, per met. Value of rum eblebed Profit on rem aline, per cwt 3 That is that there would be a deer gain on the rum alone equal to 3s. upon every cwt. of sugar manufactured from jaeghery, which is, as above, 10, 6d. per cwt., and de ducting the value of rum about 75., for it is evident that European skill and capital applied to the cultivation, with the saving from making the sugar direct from the juice, in deed of first spoiling the material by making jagghery of it, most necessarily diminish the cost of the sugar. There are works in Amherst, sear Moulmein, on the coast of Tense rerun, which are supplied entirely with labourers tram ported from this district by sea, and paid four times as much as they we here, and it is stated that even there the rum more than covers the whole wet of the production of eager. 2. There is an unfailing supply of water, the Godavery containing water sufilcisat for probably 200,000 acres ; perhaps for four in the derangements. At present the water must be raised by 'machinery for irrigation, but it is in con templation by government to construct a weir across the river, which would bring the water upon the surface of the land at all times ; and land thus supplied throughout the year would probably pay government some increase of tax, although lees than it would cost to raise it by steam power, and saving the cultivator the first coat of the machinery. 3. The low ooat of labour, 2d. a day. The want of capital among the people is so great that a very small sum will go a at way in any undertaking in this district ; as a proof of this fact free lands are commonly sold at 10 years' pur chased the rest. 4. The climate is perhaps one of the very best within the trapies ; there is no fever or other epidemic in the district. Though for two months the heat is very great in the interior, the thermometer about 100 in the shade, at the most, in the middle of the day, yet the Europeans are gene rally very healthy; on the coast there is always a mailmen in the afternoon, excepting in yary e seasons, and the thermometer rarely reaches 90. Coosidering the many diseases produced by the climate of Great Britain, from which we are entirely free here, I should not think the mortality in this district would much exceed, if at all, that of England; the actual mortality during the last five years has been 6, including children, in about 90 indi ' ?ideals, or less than lin 70 per annum. There are otos ' sional cases of cholera, and now and then particul .r villages are attacked with it, but I do not suppose the deaths from it are nearly equal to those from consumption, for in stance, in England. 5. There wdl be scarcely any cost of carriage: the distance of the plantations from the port will be only from 10 to 70 miles, with water-carriage at all times. 6. Abundance of excellent timber, teak and others, are brought down the river, at a very low price. 7. The population of the Delta u about 4,000,000, or per haps 2.50 to the square mile. They are now actually convey ing labourers from this presidency to the Mauritius and the West Indies eta great cost, paying them there four times what they can be hired for here oa estates that have been purchased with an enormous capital, in a climate much more dangerous to the European constitut:on, while here every thing is ready upon the spot. 8. Perhaps the most important point of all is that so little capital is required to carry on ;he manufacturing of softer. The following is the estimation for a plantation of 2.50 scree, to produce 500 tons per annum: Pulklinxs Machinery Enzine and pumping apperstaa.. 5OO If required. Current expenses 1,900 £4,000 -400 tow, Capital required per tan per annmn... 8. And as any small plantation could be cultivated with little inGre than proportionate cap:al, any active young man with 6001. or 4001. could begin with every prospect of an ample income. To compare this district with the Wed Indies, in their present stato : _ .1.11.41•013. Cost a estimated capital to produce 4011 tow OlO,OOO 0 0 Current capture" 400 1 44,000 0 0 Capital required's km per anr...ra Interat of capitol. et 6 per ern% for each ton 1 12 0 Cost of production— ll 0 0 Total and of probe.= mad interest ___ £2o 12 0 Capital u above per Oft pr aan — 8 n 0 Interut, at 6 per eeat..—.— 0 9 7 Profit on rum 4 0 0 Net on rum above, deducting interest ES to S per ton. Barbadoes is taken as being the most profitable of the West Indian Islands at present with many of the others there can be no comparison at all. It thus appears that a young man with 5001., could at once commence upon a farm to produce GO tons a year. with a profit of more than the whole value of his produce of sugar. In Berb■doea he would require a capital of 7,0001. This district is thus open to any active yowl, man with a few hundred pounds, while in the West Indies • man must already be very wealthy before he can commence sugar plsitthig upon the most moderate scale. Some of the prices of things in the West Indies, com pared with those in this district, will ht:p to explain this difference. In Grenada. In Bajahmundry. ,C e. d. P. al. Bricks, per 1,000 Carpenter, per meth Bricklayer, per month Labourer, per day 0 1 6 0 2 Lime, per ton 1 16 0 6 0 An experienced West Indian, after being some consider able time employed in sugar works in this part of the coun try, estimated that the labour of • native, under European superintendence, was fully equal to that of the Africans in the West Indies. These statements are thus based upon the actual present cost of sugar manufactured by Europeans from jagghery, and the estimate of an experienced West Indian on the spot, of the cost tt production when the cultivation also is carried on under European superintendence. What better data could be demanded ? It seems to leave no possible room for doubt that neither the Brazils, nor any other part of the world, can compete with Rejahmundry. The produce of Brazils can bo landed in England for 15s. a cwt. ; that of this district would cost in England as follows : Coat of production Freight, Ile. Deduct vane d rum Cost per sirt. Coat of RaPihroundry engsr in LOLC3II ed. per lb. What reason can be discovered why sugar should not be produced thus cheaply ? ft is one of the easiest cultivated plumb; the same acre of land that produce' 1,5001 be. weight of rice, will 'produce 13,0001b5. of sugar—four times the quantity; the ,labour of cultivation is not extraordinarily great; the manufacture is not a particularly difficult or expen sive operation—where, as in this district, there are sun, suit. able land, water, and population ; with a healthy climate, it ought to be one of the cheapest products of the earth. It has only been made immense, hitherto, by the ...esteem of men taking their fellow-creatures, against their will from their own countries, or bribing them, by high pay, to emi- , grate, in order that the cultivation might be carried on ' where previously there were no labourers ; while they left I uncultivated the finest sugar countries in the world, though filled with a dense population. There is no me point in which this district has not the advantage over the West Indies, and, in moat, in a prodigious degree. In the particular of climate alone there is no comparison between them. For Europeans this is nearly the healthiest tropical climate in the world. The mortality among Euro pmine is quite insignificant, very little greater than that of England, if indeed it is so great. There is no doubt that things cannotalways remain in this state, but that in the courso of years, a district which can produce at leect 400,000 tons of sugar pet annum, by an in vestment of capital of only three millions, and at a cost in London of only 41. per ton, must make • complete change in the whole sugar market. Its price to the consumer, if the duty is proportionally reduced, might be leas than half what it is now ; and it is also certain that the investment of three millions sterling in a district which probably does not at present contain property of all kinds to the value of half a million will materially affect the value if money, and so increase the cost of production in time, though not probably very seriously, because there is nothing to prevent people flocking into it from the neighbouring countries ; but after all, for a great many years to come, this Delta must afford an unbounded field for the profitable employment of Euro pean capital and enterprise. Let us now consider what results the occupation of this magnificent field is calculated to produce under the combined advantagea of a fertile and suitable soil, unfailing supply of water, a dense population labour at 2d. a-day, land to be had on merely paying the government tax of from se. to 16s. an acre, a few miles only of water carriage to the coast, a safe harbour, river communication, with teak forests, and • climate perfectly healthy to the inhabitants, and so much so to Europeans, that probably the diseases to which they would be subjected from the heat t.• not at all exceed those which are peculiar to the climate of England, and from which they would be here quite free. 1. It will wipe off the grievous stain of a district of un bounded 1 1 natural advantages while under oar government, sinking annually into deeper poverty, the population dimi- I nishing and exposed ever to the danger of amine, while its resources are as unfailing as they are great. 2. It will bring European influence to bear upon the na tive population in a far more powerful manner than has yet been seen in India, at least if its occupation is carried for. ward under the concentrated power and energies of an hitch ligent English association, who would feel at every step that the welfare of the native population and their own were en tirely inseparable, and who, being unconnected with the go vernment, would in many respects be able to promote that wel fare far beyond what the government itself can do. 3, Such a revenue could be paid with the greatest ease beyond the present collections as would go far towards pro viding for the expenses of our wars, if they should not exceed what they have been in years past. The district would pay an additional 500,0001. a-year with far more ease than it now pays 200,0001. The revenue of Tanjore is now 300,0001. 1 a-year more than that of the Delta as a mere main district; and certainly this could and would pay 200,0001. more than Tanjore now does, if it were a sugar plantation. 4. It would probably reduce the cost of sugar to one half what it now is, and bring up the consumption of England to • million of tom a year, besides causing an incalculable in crease in the consumption of the coetioent of Europe and of America, providing thus an Unmet= field for the employ• ment of shipping. 5. It would apparently give the final blow to the slave trade. have yet to see what effect upon our whole Indian empire the example of one province fairly brought under European influence, its resources well developed, and its dense population roused from the torpor in which it is sunk, would have.. It would show certainly, in a manner far beyond anything yet exhibited, what India might become under the com bined influences of a strong, well-ordered, and upright government, and private European enterprise duly organised and concentrated. oanii:lTes;iitit:hat this' is an Mttgn . ifieant question? or id it too much to say that England, India, and Africa, are deeply interested in it ? The world is now so bound toge ther by various ties, that the influence of such a change u this cannot but be powerfully felt over a large portion of it. It is most remarkable that so many years should have puled without the attention of mercantile men being drawn to these districts. . • It was well known that the cane thrives well, and that excellent white loaf sugar was always procurable at about 41 per lb., or 225. per cwt., manufactured in the wasteful and unskilful mode common among the natives, and yet while every other part of the tropics almost has been tried for this produce by Europeans, it is only within these two yean that two mercantile homes have thought of under taking the manufacture here, while there is really not one of the drawbacks that are found in every other sugar country. Sugar works are now in operation in Dimlipatam, in the next district of Vizagapatam, capable of manufacturing at least 2,000 tone a year, and the same houses are now esta blishing two seta of works in this Delta, one of them for manufacturing from the canes to be grown on the spot, and one from Jegghery purchased from the natives. In the former, the cultivation of the was and manufactures from the juice, there is an unlimited field. Perhaps this Delta alone would produce half a million of tons a year and more. Some shipments from Bimlipatam have already bean made, and the quality of the sugar may, therefore, be easily ascertained; but as it was manufactured by persona who had not been experienced, it will be doubtlem inferior to future shipments. eoun. --- - The Queen and Prince Albert, accompanied by th e Prince of Wales, Prince Alfred. the Prince's Royrk Princes Alice, and the Princess Helena, and the Priam e g Ltiningen, and attended by the Viscountess Cannine,•ths Margins of Ormonde, Major-Gen. Bowles, Lietr..-Cal. the Hon. C. B. Phipps, Capt. the Hon. A. H. G or d •tr, and De. Meyer, left Claremont at three o'clock yert erday alto s , * for town. The august party arrived at Buckingha m p at half-plot four o'clock. His Imperial Higtrutes th e Grand Doke Constantine of Runde, wen presented to th e Queen at an audience yesterday at Buckingha m Palace, by Viscount Palmerston, G.C.B. her Majesty's principal g e . eretary of State for Foreign Affairs. Her Majesty the tam,", Dowager and their RR.HH. the Hereditary Grand %th e and Grand Duchess of Saxe Weimar visited the Que s ,,, ed Prince Albert yesterday, at Buckingham Palace. H.R.H. Prince Albert honoured the of f icers of th e Scots Fusileer Guards, of which regiment H.R.H. ie eokeej, with his company at dinner last evening, in Willis's - attended by Li.ut.-Col. the Ilon. C. B. Phipps and/aft-C. Col. F. H. &Tamar. The band of the regim .nt attends; during dinner, and performed several pieces, l'rineeltlhe" afterwards joined the Queen at her MajestT's Theatre. The Queen, accompanied by the Ponce of Lei n ' i n . gen, honour. a her Majesty's Theatre with her presence. Th e rya! cult,: consistAl of the Viscountess Canning, u se. i f* Stanlej, .Marquis of Ormonde, and Capt. the lion. & Gordon. Her Majesty the Queen Dowager, HAIL the Duchess of King, and their RIt.HH. the Hereditary Owlet Duke end Grand Duchess of Saxe Weimar, Edso honoured the porforraunee with their presence yesterday evening. HAUL the Duchess of Kent an-iced at her reai, dea,e, cl.ireac:--houic, St. James's, yesterday morning, [m e Claremont. _ Their ItILDEL the Duchess of Gloucester and the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge visited htr Majesty th e Queen Dowager yesterday, at Marlborougb- house, The Earl of Clarendon (Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland) left his residence in Grosvenor-crescent, at nine &clod. ye, terday morning, for Dublin. Mr. Selby had an interview with Sir George Grey, yesterday, et the Home-office. Viscount Palmerston arrived in town yesterday, from his scat, Droadlands, Hants. Deipatches were received, yesterday, at the Colonial. office, from the Governors of the Mauritius and Sierra Leese, DRAWING-ROOM.—The Queen, as previou•ly notified in the Gemeite, will hold a drawing-room at NI. James's Palace to-morrow, at two o'clock, to celebrate her Majesty , . birthday. TUB GRAND DUKE CONSTANTINE OF RI:SM.—Hi ' Impel highness the Grand Duke Constantine and suite ha town yesterday morning at ten o'clock for Greenwich, aid proceeded to the Observatory, where his Imperial MOM. was received by the Astronomer Royal, Professor Ai r y , M O explained to his illustrious visitor the scientific popoitste which the several divisions of the establishment were a t . voted. Before leaving, the Prince tested some of the tele scopes used in the institution. The Grand Duke then ' , mt.& the Naval School and the Royal lloapitsl. The g illant go• vernor of the hospital, Admiral Sir R. Stopford, being at present Ivry mush indisposed, was unable to naive the illustrious i'rince. His Imperial Highness, on ascertaining the fact of Sir R..bert's indisposition, expressed his linerre regret, and requested permission to walk through the hospital pri. vately. Having inspected the Painted Hall, the party pro ' eecd..d through the various departments of the. in..tution, arriving in the dining hall just as the pensioners were sitting down to dinner, an interesting scene, with which the Prince expressed himself much pleased. Returning to Leaden, his Imperial Hi :ht.ess expressed swish to have an opportunity of viewing the City during the great activity of business. Tbs carriages were accordingly driven over London-bridge, and thence by the Royal Exchange, Mansion-house, Cheavide, and St. Paul's, to Charing-cross. The streets were very full, and the scene they presented appeared !nth novel and in teresting to the Grand Duke. The party retained is Mivart's Hotel about four o'clock. At five o'clock two of her Majesty's carriages, with the ',rants is state liveries, arrived at Mivart's Hotel, for the par pose of conveying the Grand Duke to Buckingham Palace, the "Ica. Col. Grey bearing her Majesty's wish to have an as diencl of his Imperial Highness. The Grand Duke imme diatvly left for the Palace, attended by his Exetilency Barm Brunnow and Admiral Liitke. On leaving Buckingham Pa lace the Grand Duke paid visits to the Queen Dowager, at Marlborough house, and H . R.H. the Duchess of Kent, at Clarence-house, a nd returned to Mivart's shortly before seven o'clock, (From last night's Gazette.) BUCKINGHAM PALACE, MAY 22.—This day had audience of her Majesty, on kis arrival in this coaatty, R.H. the Hereditary Prince of Lucca, attended by the Count de Revel, the Sardinian Chargé d'Affaires. H.H. was introduced by Viact. Palmerston, G.C.8., her Majesty's principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affair*, and ma ducted by Col. the Hon. Sir E. Cast, K.C.H., her Majesty's Mester of the Ceremonies. DOWNING -STREET, MAY 22.—The Queen has sp. pointed Vice-Admiral the Earl of Dandonald to be a Kai& Grand Cross of the most Hon. Order of the Bath; and Lieut.-Col. C. W. M. Belden, of the 3rd Reg. of Light Dye. Footle; and Licut.-Col. Cl, Coaprere, of the :loth Rag. of Foot, to be Companions of the mid Moat Hon. Order. DOWNING -STREET, MAY 22.—The Queen has ap pointed E. Kelly, Esq., Lieut. in the Royal Nary, to be Harbour Master of the island of Mauritius. CROWN-OFFICE, MAY 21, 1847.—Member returned to aer►e in Parliament.—County of Galway.—T. J. Duke, of Marble.hill, in the county of Galway, Esq., in the roan of T. B. Martin, Ef.q., deceased. PESTILENCE IN THE CITY. Yesterday, Dr. Lynch, accompanied by several inhabitants of Farringdon Without, waited upon the Lord Mayor, to represent the immediate necessity which misted for the adoption of measures to prevent the spread of disease engendered by want of ventilation and water, and by the enormous lotion of Irish poor into the City of London. Dr. Lynch stated that of all the thirty-six metropolitan Dicta the ward of Farringdon Without is perhaps the worst as to its narrow locclities. The houses are built back to back, and admit no ventilation. The cesspools, which are all but open, poison the air and pollute the dwellings of the pow. In such ploces where there are sewers they become the some of disease inconsequence of the want of traps and an admen* supply of water to cleanse the outlets of filth from the hoe" and to facilitate the escape of pestiferous gases Pion the do composition of animal and vegetable matter. In Crown court, within a few yards of Fleet-street, the cellars of the houses are in a most revolting condition from the overflow ing of cess-pools and the accumulation of impurities of every description. In some instances the dust contractors bad not removed the offal front one to nine months, and they refused to perform that duty unless they received a gratuity. The poor inhabitants, sensible of the injury which such abominations inflicted, complain of the inade quate supply of water, which visits them for no more than one hour three times a week, and which their poverty vents them from keeping vessels in which to save it. complain, too, of the quality of the water, confined as It was in heated rooms and absorbing animal exhalation and foul air. The drains Ma under a stack of hones, is stead of into the main sewer, and there is at present Do power to compel the landlords to open these drains direct to the sewer, by which arrangement an essential cause of ma laria and disease would be removed. The inquest of Bt. Sepulchre state that the courts around Smithfield and the Old Bailey are undrsined, and that cow-sheds, slaughter houses, and knackers'-yards are suffered to exist in the midst of a crowded population. The gentlemen of the in ' quest, after enumerating other horrors, and shooing that the wretched habitations are full of plague vapours e their fear that if sultry weather supervene, fever wn e rke i awful ravages amongst the poor. They found that every steamer which arrives from Ireland, imports immense numbers of the poor Irish direct from Cork, where mat nant typhus and dysentery abound, and are carrying off all classes of the community. They kaow that those poor creatures, on their arrival, resort to the courts and alleys they have been visiting; and they apprehend that as all the elf menu of infection abound there, an epidemic may break onto has occurred at Liverpool, at Manchester, and at Rochdale. It is well.known that scarcity of provision lowers the ertalt and is a predispoaing cause of disease. To what are these poor creattuy, to look for comfort, or even hop e' The it quest earnestly trusted that his lordship you aid then an adopting measures of prevention. The workhouses are beset at this moment. The West London union has admitted several, and sent others to the fever hospitals. Bsehnlnue li hospital placed extra beds in the wards ; but is unable On meet the exigency. It has, like the other hospitals, tees admitting tins BMus of patients for the hat three weeb, sad within the last three days they have bean oompelled Ws*" admission to several applicants. Numbers of those who have been admitted have died. The deputation entreated the Lard Mayor to name an early day for the consideration of the sub ject, by calling a common council as soon as powible, to to parliament for a short bill empowering the city asZ ties to enforce the abolition of oempools, and sinner nuisances, which are of mortal injury to the emunealvl; to compel landlords to trap and open the drains of nisi house onto the sewer, and to appoint an inspector, who wools take care that this law was enforced. They indulge the h'SZ that the government would render every facility in laudable endeavour to accomplish such good. The meteor"- logical table shows that the thermometer rose oh Slung from 64 deg. to 70 deg. in the shade. There was a Wile sponding increase in sickness in the last week's morns!! record. To delay in a moment of imminent danger wow be criminal indifference to the safety of society. One of the overseers of St. Bride's, a member of the dors' tation, said the pestilential nuisance was much clones 62 the habitations of some of his acquaintances than they tea glued. Although he had (or some time occupied UMW'S, is Fleet-street, he ascertained that there were two hoaxes within twenty yards of these premises in • state of filth which it would not actually be consistent with denote, to describe. It was an extraordinary fact that in some loca lities, of the condition of • hich no complaint had been made, he found the abomination as great as it was in theme to which his attention was particularly called. The covl 3 °' ration had, he was aware, extensive power ; but the power which must be exercised on the present occasion he did not think they possessed. A short act was necessary to comPel the landlord to construct drains to the main sewer, or _ . .t ° enable the tenant to make that improvement himself, bd charge the expense out of the first rent demanded. Several other gentlemen of the deputation having Ebb additional statements in confirmation of the representations of Dr. Lynch, The Loan MAYOR said, he certainly thought the public were greatly indebted to the gentlemen who had brought PO important a subject before him ; and he assured them the , so far as he could milder any service to the cause, he should be completely at their command He was glad to find that