The Express. — London, England, 1853-10-19 00:00:00

Ette eVilrtgii. TO CORRESPONDENTS. • !Wend 116.1tios et "rut Lapeer... the Tale everug's ..r; tie." t• pablibed every Toreday sod Pr dry sir, to War for p.m. •deett.+tarty hit/said Mr "TY Minos," Lesdee Evening pore. mart be 1. the 06,,e, IQ, Bearowia-rtria, by Tvet, o'clock as :Lit d..) w pub.lartima. HIGH WATT'S AT LONDON [MIDGE. Tao iha—Army. iiih........Afterwna, 3h. 4:991. TIo4l. .1111, ....Afternoha. 3h. 5!•. LONDON, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBEE 19. A MR. °TALL:AGMS, who, if the O'CALLACM ANS had their rights, would doubtless be a King or a Grand Duke at least in the territory where he now dispenses justice as a magistrate, after a very Irish fashion, has been giving a remarkable proof of his princely aspirations, in an endeavour to emulate at some dio.ance the conduct of the Grand Duke of Tumeas v. The Grand Duke, it is well known, has a decidtd objection to allow any otm of his born eubjects to be exposed to tile process of conversion of any kind. In his aver sion to progress of all *arts, he takes fire at the idea of?liar CUNINGIMIE walking about with the " Pilgrim's Progress" in her hand, and incarcerates her because she has dared to make • Tuscan subject a present of a book where Pope and Pagan are spokt n of in a manner, to say the least of it, not very respectful. But what has the O'CAILLAI,IIAN to do with this? What analogy is there between the descendant of the Royal House of O'CALL.IGIIAY, living in Dublin, and the representa tive of the princely Mtuirt tyrannising in Flo rows ? We can't tell, unless it is that Mr. O'Cau,VIIIAN reasoned something after the fashion of Fbrellen, and thought that as a Prince had been a persecutor, a persecutor had a chance of being considered a Prince. Whatever may have been the train of reasoning, here are the facts. Mr. 0111ILNNAN, • Roman Catholic schoolmaster, while going to the thtere with a lady, was "en countered " by a certain WILLIAM SMITH, who put —(" thrust violently," sass Mr. O'Bilessam)—a piper into his hand. Instead of dropping the paper, which would have been the most sensible plan had it really been "thrust violently" into his kind, Mr. O'IIItENNAN opened it, and found it to be " a species of tract, contain ing matter which (he said) I look on in the light of a nuisance." Ah! Mr. O . EMEITRAN, why did 'you not do what every rational man does when any thing is "thrust upon" him—cast it away? Are you one of those simple-hearted Christians who believe in the existence of erratic angels wandering without wings through the streets and " thrusting" genuine flve-pound notes into the unwilling hands of the passers-by If not, why did you not throw away the unclean thing that camo to you in such a suspi ions manlier ? We are sadly afraid that Mr. O'Butts is suffered no more violence in being made tb' possessor of the paper than did the most remote of his maternal ancestors in receiving • certain apple. There is an ominous similarity in the readiness with which EVE ate the apple, and Mr. OTIERNAN set to work to devour the contents of what he suspected to be " a nuisance." Mr. O'BRE:asx had his reward ; he found something in the paper that he had better —according to his own statement—have left cuidis 'covered ; "for my own part, I would rather receive a does of poison than the poisonous matter contained is this paper." ' Fancy the misery of Mr. (YERENNAN, after find ing something worse than a dose of poison " thrust violently" into his hand. We wish we could under stsnd the circumstances a little better in order to be able to sympathise with the sufferer more deeply. It is difficult to comprehend the process of thrusting .anything " violet tly" into an unwilling person's hand. WILLIAM Sxtnl must have found Mr. OTREMNAN'S palm either open or shut. If abut, WILLIAM SMITH must have wrenched the palm—always supposing O'Bazasoix a martyr—" violently" open, and laid the "poisonous paper" thereupon. This would be act of violence No. One. But the placing the paper , there would not keep it there—hence would arias the necessity for act of violence No. Two. Winualt SNIT"! would squeeze tYBRENNAN's hand " violently" together, and thus put his patient victim in undis puted possession of the " poisonous document." Happy would it have been for the delicate 011IIMIMNAN, with such an appreciation of poisons, had be acted as we suggested above. Bat, alas, the terrible perpetrator of the deed of violence laughed, and a woman laughed, and O'BRENNAN, remembering doubtless the quotation, "A man may smile and smile and be a villain," and sagaciously extending the meaning of the quotation to females, opened the paper. What met his most orthodox but most curious eyes? Nothing leas than "An Invitation to Roman Catholics to attend a sermon to be preached by the Rev. J. O'CAauxu., A. 8., S.T.C.D., in St. Luke's Church, on Sunday evening next, upon the alleged supremacy of Pena." _ . What were the subsequent proceedings of this in jured man Listen to his words: " I am of opinion that when a man is going about his business no one has a right to offend his feelings, by thrusting into his hand a paper which is calcu lated to irritate and drive him to commit a breach of the pesos; under these circumstances, I felt it to be my duty, u a lover of peace, to give this person into custody." • " At; a lover of peace" Mr. O'BaZNNAN tenderly delivered over Mr. SHITH to be incarcerated. Why ? Had he been irritated in such a manner as to induce him to commit a breach of the peace? If so, why was not the breach committed? Mr. O'Bazussr4 gives up the case at once, as far as he is concerned, when he lets us know that he was either not irritated at all, or that the irritation was not sufficient to make him break the peace. And if it had not that effect on him, why should it have the asserted effect on others' Mr. O'CALLAGHAN, the magistrate, who seemed at fir►t to be visited with a glimpse of a common-sense view of the subject, asked the complainant a question which ought to have elicited enough to satisfy any reasonable man of the absurdity of the complaint: Mr. V.:allagian—Did I oftdemand you to say, from what took place, there was any likelihood thst a breath of the poste might ensuc ? Witness—My opinion is, that if my temper had not been controlled by education, it is probable that I might bare struck him. Well, then, aocordiug to Mr. O'BRY.NNAN himself, men whose tempers are controlled by education would not have committed a breach of the peace. But does not the law suppose that all men's tempers are controlled by education ? Does it suppose that men are wild beasts ready to rush into violence at every provocation? The law surely does not; but Mr. OTALLAGnAN apparently does. "If (says this sa pient administrator of justice) a paper put into a person's hand coota.us anything that is likely to male bile ahyry er d,,?urb his feelings, it is in my judgment calculated to provoke a bleach of the peace." We begin to understand now the cause of the sympathy which caused the local authorities to deal so leniently with the past race of Irish landlords. Poor fellows, the whole body of tradesmen were in league together, for ever en deavouring to put "poperen into their hands mica 14tcd to mate than avry, and tiarefore to produce a breach of the peace. The " little bills" that these persevering dealers were anxious to thrust into the hands of the proprietors of the Castle Raekrents were enough to disturb the serenity of the latter, to make , them angry, and provoke beaches of the peace. Bo they were allowed to declare war against all presenters of such paper, and keep the peace in Galway by keeping all creditors out, I Acting upon this theory, Mr. O'CALLAGHAN judged the defendant guilty of the charge laid against him and demanded recognisancee for his good behaviour for the future, in default of which he should commit I the defendant to prison for 14 days. So Wi LLIAM SMITH must no longer present papers to gentlemen with irascible tempers. It must be remem bered that be distinctly denied the " thrusting," which in fact required no refutation. He must not hand a paper by an invitation to a political meet ing, for fear the receiver of the invitation may be of adverse politics and "become angry." The committee of a Liberal candidate must abstain from publishing head•bills stating the reasons why they solicit votes, for fear that some Tory partisan may have his feelings excited. All these, and simi lar doings, must be prohibited if Mr. O'CA.LLAGHAN'd interpretation of the law is correct, in which case it will be a matter of little difficulty to calculate how much better laws are administered in Tuscany than , in Ireland. LATEST FROM THE CONTINENT. WAR BETWEEN RUSSIA AND TURKEY. The following is a translation of the letter from Omer Pacha to Prince Gortschakoff: "Nlonsieur le General,—lt is by the order of my government that I have the honour to address this letter to your Excellency. _ __ " Whilst the Sublime Porto has exhausted all means of concLiation to maintain at once peace and its own independence, the court of Russia has not ceased to raise difficulties in the way of any such settlement, and has ended with the violation of treaties—invad- ing the two Principalities of Moldavia and Walla chia, integral part. of the Ottoman Empire. "True to its pacific system, the Porte, instead of exercising its right to make reprisals, confined itself even then to protesting, and did not deviate from the way that might lead to an arrangement. " Russia, on the contrary, far from evincing corres ponding sentiments, has ended by rejecting the pro royale recommended by the august mediating Court,— . proposals which were alike necessary to the honour and to the security of the Porte. "There only remains for the latter the indispeneable necessity of war. But as the invasion of the Prin cipalities and the violation of treaties which have attended it, are the veritable causes of war, the Sub lime Porte, as a last expression of its pacific senti ments, proposes to your Excellency, by my interven tion, the evacuation of the two provinces, and grants fur your decision a term of fifteen days, to date from the receipt of this letter. If within this interval a negative answer shall reach me from your Excel- leocy, the commen turd consequence. of hostilities will be the as- While I have the honour to make this intimation to your Excellency, I embrace the opportunity to offer the assurance, of my high esteem." To this note, the Russian General Gortschakoff has intimated that he " has no orders to commence hosti lities, nor to conclude peace, nor to evacuate the Prin cipalities." OALATZ, Ocr. 7. Omer Pacha has declared that he will leave the Danube free to neutral vessels until the 25th of this month. In Bessarabia, Bulgaria, and the Principalities, the riven are all so low that they may be crossed, even the Pruth, on foot. All the German officers who have been imparting military instructions to the Turks are recalled. The military cordon on the northern frontier will not be augmented. On the 29th ult. the Wallachian militia were recalled from the Danube and concentrated at Bucharest. AUSTRIA. VIENNA, MONDAY EYZNING. Metallic/ are rather lower than on Saturday, while the Exchange on London continues to ascend. Five per Cent. Metallic/, 911 ; Exchange on London, 11.3; Bank Shares, 1,296. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. Our own correspondent writes : CONSTANTINOPLE, Ocr. 6. My apprehensions have been unfortunately justi fied by events—diplomacy has failed altogether, and the eastern question u likely without delay to be transferred to the battle field. This untoward result, with all its fatal consequence., is, in my opinion, entirely owing to the blundering policy of the mediating powers, who, by a timely display . of energy and decision, might have averted long mix the dangers and calamities which now unfortunately threaten all Europe. The representatives of France, Prussia, and Ans• trig, it is understood, are making every effort to tem porise and delay the execution of its mammas, whereas Lord Racliffe, if I am rightly informed, abstains from any interference calculated to control the independent action of the Porte. The Nizam forces amount at present to nearly 300,000 men, and are receiving daily further rein forcements. There is, besides, an irregular force, or Bachi Bozuk, computed at about 120,000 men, in the different camps. The attack, it is soppo sed, will commence on the Asiatic frontier, where it is hoped the Cireassians, Kurds, and other warlike tribes, will combine with the Turkish force a, and annoy se verely their common enemy. Omer Pacha is to re main on the defensive along the line of the Danube, but the war once commenced it will be difficult to restrain the ardour of his troops, besides which the Russian general, on learning the decision of the Porte, will scarcely wait the expiration of the stipu lated term to advance his forces. Many experienced persons, and among others MM. de Laoctur and Bruck, are inclined to an optimist view of the present slifficalties, and think that a skirmish or two will be all the damage done. The approach of winter will necessarily impose a snspen non of hostilities, and afford once more to diplomacy an interval for re-opening negotiations. I can scarcely, however, concur in that opinion, consider ing the indescribable exasperation of the whole Mussulman population, ready at all risks and all hazards to avenge the national wrongs, and wreak vengeance on the aggressor—the enemy of peace, ofprogress, and of civilisation in the East. Admi ral Slade arrived per Eregli steamer at Varna, on the 20th ult., and after having inspected the works, and conferred with the civil and military authorities, rejoined the cruisers in the Black Sea. Apropos of the crews in this flotilla, the Times' correspondent describes their sea-sickness and other seaworthy peculiarities. However, it may be well to mention that these statements are not con firmed by our BritiA naval officers, who de clare that the stomachs and other organs of the Turkish sailors are in tolerable good case, and reatly for the Russian, should they come across him. Again the " Correspondent " itinerary in Bulgaria—Lis accounts of the Turkish forces and defences, require also some expurgation, which may be best effected, perhaps, by a comparison with the official statement on this subject by the French staff officers to their generals. The French Rear-Admiral, Barbicr do Tinan, started on the second per Gower fur Ilesika. The Friedland is all right, and is expected to re join the fleet in a wee k or less. Another correspcndcat writes under the same date: The Turks are pursuing with activity all their preparations fur war. The hatti•scheriff or decree of the Sultan,giving orders topreparkfor war, has been THE EXPRESS. WEDNESDAY sent to all the governors of provinces and to the generals of the armies of European and Asiatic Tur key. Mehemet Ali, Minister of War, has presented to his government a considerable %umber of horses from his famous stud. His example beet been fol lowed by many of his colleagues, by the generals and superior officers of the Imperial Guard, and by many of the wealthy Mossolmant. The Sultan is said to be quite besieged by the four ambassadors— especially by those of France and England. The furniture of the Russian embassy has been sold off this week, and the members of the chancellerie have received orders from their government to be ready i to leave at a moment's notice. The telegraph announces that Prussia and Austria have sent orders to such of their su3jects are in the Turkish service to return home imme diately. It appears that in anticipation of such an event the Turkish government several mends since inquired individually of the European officers and non-commissioned officers in the Ottoman service what course they would wish to pursue is case of war with Russia. Some of them declared they would remain is the service of the Porte even at the sacrifice of their nationality; others left the Turkish territory at once, and were immediately replaced. It is not therefore thought that the ranks of the army will be disorganized by the measure now taken by Austria and Prussia. The Wanderer of Vienna, under date of Constan tinople, 4th instant, says :—" Every one here is pro- curing arms, and all the shops are cleared out. Pistols have doubled in price. The agitation among the Mutsulmans is so great that the Ottoman Pate could not, even if it were inclined to do so, make any fur ther concession& It is worthy of remark that the Christians are not exposed to any molestatiens from the Turks u they were in 1829. The Itusian mer chants received notice, on October 1, that it, in case of war, they intended to leave the capital, they should lose no time in settiug their affairs is order; if, however, any desired to remain, they could place themselves under the protection of Austria. According to the German Journal of Frankfort, the Russians have on the frontiers of Asiatic Turkey 40,000 regular troops, 10,1;00 irregular troops, and 30,000 Cossacks. The Turks have to oppose them 100,000 men near Erzeroum, and as many more are expected from Arabia. The Druses of the Lebanon and other scheiks of Syria have offered 40,000 men to the Sultan. The Sack, in the course of as article on the Eastern question, mays: We wall ant speculate on the precise point of action of the Anglo-French army. It must be evident, however. that it will be chosen in a way to protest Constaminople cud leave free action to the Turks. What we do not heal. tate to affirm is that if war be the road which leads to peace we are very near a pacific solution. But whether the solo tion be by immediate peace or by war, one of the most ins- Renew results for humanity cannot fail to be accomplished. The Mussulman and Christian suLjects of the Sultan are on the way to civil and political fusion, and we shall see the Ottoman Empire consolidated on the bases of complete toleration, and the progressive equality of reli- gions. This will be the direct contrary of what would happen if Russia were permitted to affect the conquest at which she has been labouring for 150 years. Patting aside all considerations of commercial interest and of the balance of political power, the ren aviation of the Ottoman Empire on the bases that we have indicated is of itself worth all the sacrifices that Flamm and England may impose upon themselves. FRANCE. FARIS, MONDAY EVENING. N. Fould, who is at itiell;:ii4 what is lonely and very incorrectly called the peace party in the cabinet, has, as Minister of State, the control of the Moniteur, and the above contradiction is supposed to emanate from him. It may be literally true that no orders have recently been sent to prepare vessels to receive troops; but it is beyond question that six steam frigates—the Vauban, Descartes, Asmodee, Cacique, Montezuma, and Panama—are now lying off Toulon, in a complete state of preparation for sailing, and it is not the custom of the service to have such a force of transport ships in readiness when they are not expected to be wanted. The contradic tion given by the Putrie to the telegraphic despatch from Marsei lles, which stated that orders had been given to arm these vessels, amounts merely to this, that they are completely armed, already, and the Ofrnstifutionnel satirically observes this morning, that too much praise cannot be given to the Minister of Marine for being thus prepared for every eventu ality. I observe, moreover, in the last number of the Toutonnais, that all the unarmed steam-vessels in the port of Toulon were two or three days ago inspected by marine engineers, who, in pursuance of instruc tions arrived from Paris by telegraph, were to ascer tain that they were in a state to be armed and sent to sea at a short notice. Genera! Canrobert, whose name has been so much brought forward of late, is now at Compiegne, and is frequently closeted with the Emperor for hours together. Demesmay, a member of the Corps Legislatif for the department of the Denbo, died at Poutarlier on Wednesday lest. A letter from Compiegne states that the town is unusually animated, in consequence of the presence of tae imperial party at the palace. The railway brings down every day a crowd of persons animated by curiosity, as well as a number of visitors to the Emperor. Upwards of 60 apartments have been got in readiness at the palace, and all the guests, following the example of the Emperor and Empress, spend a considerable time each day in the open air. On Friday took place the first battue in the forest. It had been in contemplation at first to have a stag hunt, but that idea was given up, and a shooting party substituted for it. The Emperor was accom panied on the occasion by Marshal de St. Arnaud, the Duke de Terceira, Count de Morny, M. Fould, Gen. Canrobert, Col. Ney, the young Duke de Casigliano, Barons James and Adolphe de Rothschild, and a few others. The party advanced regularly in a line, the Emperor oecupying the centre, and proving himself an excellent shot. A considerable number of spec tators were present, and everything off with the greatest regularity. At 2 o'clocr i tt e e d Empress arrived in a clear-d-banc with a number of ladies, and witnessed for some time the address of the sports men, the whole party returning in chars4-banc to the palace at 5 o'clock. The next day took place a stag hunt, and on the day after a grand racket match was to be played for the amusement of the imperial party, in the racket court attached to the palace. The performers of the Gymosse, who had been ordered down, were to give a representation in the evening at the palace. The Emperor has ordered several im provements to be effected in the town of Compiegne, and in particular the enlargement of the Place du Marche-au-Ble. PARIS, TUESDAY Rvzsiso. The Sleek gives the following account of the arrest of M. Goudchaux: We learn that yesterday morning, at a quarter past four, • commissary of 'splice, accompanied by three agents, pre sented himself at the residence of 11. Michel Cioudebaus, ez-Minister of Finance of the Republic, to make a domi ciliary visit. The warrant stated accused of detention of warlike arms, and of affiliation to secret societies." The search lasted until 8 o'clock. No arms nor any indica tion of belonging to secret societies were found at the re sidenee of M. Goudchauz. The commissary of police thought it his dety to seize about one hundred and forty documents, all or nearly all receipts for sums of money paid by M. Gondar= to unfortunate exiles or to their families. Every one knows that for nearly twenty months M. (loud chime, with a dsvotednebs for which he cannot be too highly praised, has occupied himself in collecting assistance for such necessitous families as have Buffered from late political events. After this long search, M. ooudchaux was taken to the Prefecture of Police, where be remained in custody until 10 o'clock. The commissary of police who had arrested him then came, and informed him that he was at liberty, bat that the Prt feet of Police would retain the papers seised. A minute search was also made at the house of M. Bastide, but he was not arrested. M. Marchais is, I understand, in custody, as is also one of the late M. Arago's secretaries. I have not heard any other names of importance mentioned. The only account I have heard of the motive for the arrests is, that government is greatly annoyed at learning that M. Ledru Itollin's new pamphlet " l'Union," has been secretly printed in Paris and is extensively circu lated, and it was thought that by making a descent upon some of .the leading republicans some intelli gence of the machinations of the party might be obtained. Similar proceedings have been taken in the provinces. At Nantes, MM. Maugin, father and son, proprietors of the Phan do la Loire, have been arrested, and their papers have been searched. The .S'it'ele looks upon the announced reduction in the Austrian army as a mere repetition of an old tami liar dodge with a view to raise money. This view of the Sivas receives some confirmation by a letter of the 14th, just arrived from Vienna, which says that no preparations are nuking for the EVENING, OCTOBER 19, 1853. execution of the imperial decree relative to the re duction of the army, and that, on the contrary, the generals commanding in Lombardy, Hungary, and Croatia, had all demanded reinforcements on account of the state of opinion in those countries. The Press of Vienna says the corps darnije com manded by General Panioukine, now stationed near Warsaw, and the second division of cavalry under General Stahl have received orders to march upon ' the Pruth. This is a confirmation of the report that Prince Psakiewitch was to followed by the army of 40,0(X) picked men stationed in Poland. News from the squadrons has been received to the 6th. They were then still at Besika Bay, but were preparing to depart. The health of the French crews is said to be good. That of the English was less satisfactory. The English ships were anchored nearer the land, and consequently had suffered more from marsh fever. The malady was, however, of a light description, and had sensibly diminished in intensity since the weather had become cooler. The Bourse was affected at the opening by the news that the Emperor of Russia had rejected all negotiation, and proclaimed " war to the knife," a version given in the English papers, and confirmed by the Iniependunee lielye. The Threes declined to 72fr. 2Jc., but recovered tor the close to 72fr. 60c., being a rise of sc. from yesterday. The railways varied but little. About half of them closed 3fr. to 4fr. better, and the " rest " fell in about the same proportion. The Journal du Harre announces that govern meat, yielding to the numerous petitions on tho sub ject, will very shortly make such a reduction in the duties upon coal as will effectually neutralise the coalition of the coal masters, and render inva luable service to every descrip.ion of industry. GERMANY. VIENNA, Oct. 16. We are assured from Warsaw, that Prince Paske witch is appointed to take the command of the army in the Principalities now under the orders of Prince dortnhakoff, his quarter-master-general. Should this news prove true, we shall be sure to hear of some fighting. The prince is too old (be was born in 1782) and dignified, to be moved about without just cause. It was in Moldavia that Peakiewitch first acquired any military distinction, and on the storming of Brailow in 1809, he was nearly killed. At slater period he commanded the army which fought in the Caucasus, and against Persia and the Porte. In 1826 he defeated the Persians at Elisavetpol, and the next year entered Persian Armenia, _and having taken Erwin by storm concluded a most advantageous treaty with Persia. In 1828 he took the fortress of Acholzike from the Turks, and in July of the follow ing year possessed himself of Erzeroura. Upon the conclusion of the treaty of Adrianople he received the rank of field marshal, but was not destined to remain long unemployed, for in 1830 we find him again in Caucasus engaged with the Lesghis and Arbasiee, and subduing Daghestan. I recal these historical particulars because they throw a light upon the appointment of this old and most dignified of the Czar's servants to a command in the east at this critical moment. The Vienna Gazette of this day contains a para graph, alleging that the English and French ambas sadors at Washington had declared their agreement with the views set forth in the collective protest of Austria, Russia, and Prussia, against the conduct of Captain Ingraham at Smyrna. The official journal carefully scans the London daily papers for para graphs favourable to the Eastern policy which it recommends. Lord Aberdeen's reply to the Sheffield memorialists is given to-day. The official Wiener Zeitung has lately polished an imperial ordinance relating to the legal rights of the Jews to possess property, in virtue of which the social disabilities of the Jews in Austria, such as they existed previous to the Ist January, 1848, are renewed. The immediate and principal effect of this ordinance is that no Israelite is a►lowed to hold im moveable property in his own name. Previous to the year 1848, Jews could only possess real property under trust—property could not be registered or enrolled in their own names, but in the names of parties nominated by them, to satisfy the formality in question. This state of things is now restored. But such Jews as may have legally become possessed of real property since 1848, up to the present time, and holding the same in their own names, will continue undisturbed in their possessions. Vienna letters state that the government determined upon the measure, fearing that in the course of a few years there might have grown up a Jewish landed aristocracy in the country, that would have been exceedingly inconve nient to the spirit of absolute monarchy. SPAIN. The resolution of the government relative to the Northern Railway, was, says the Diario, about to be published in the Gazette; but it was said that it considered the demands made by M. Salamanca with respect to it exorbitant. The Nacion states that, on account of the existing complications of Europe, the Spanish government intends to send a reinforcement of 4,000 men to Mahon. The Progresista senators and deputies, and the editors of the journals of that party, hal held a meeting, at which they resolved—l. unite all the forces of the liberal party, in esti*r to combat at the tribune and in the press. 2. To accept the co-opera tion of all those who were anxious to strengthen the power of the Cortes, to defend the liberty of the press with all its consequences, and to establish free dom of election and a system of government founded on morality. DENMARK. At Copenhagen, a new conflict between the go vernment and the Chamber of Deputies seems immi nent. Upon the proposal to take the new funda mental law of the kingdom of Denmark Proper into consideration, the majority of the speakers energeti cally exclaimed against the abolition of the existing constitution before the government had sub mitted to the Fonothing the draft of the constitution for the whole monarchy. On the 11th, several speakers appealed to the earlier promise of the minis ter Blume, who, however, remained silent; and the ministry generally showed itself very reserved. After a short discussion, under the presidency of M. Tcherning, the Assembly decided, In it■ sitting of the 14th inst., to pass over the government bill, and to take as the basis of its deliberations the Danish fundamental law of 1849, suppressing those articles which belong to the constitution common to the en tire monarchy. The electoral laws for the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein have just appeared. An elector in Hol stein must possess landed property of the value of 800 rix dollars; but for Schleswig, a property of 300 rix dollars suffices. In other respects, the provi sions of the two laws are pretty much the same. The Assembly of States for Holstein will have 49 members; that of Schleswig, 43. Electors must be 25 years of age in Holstein, and 30 in Schleswig. Deputies can only be elected for the district which they inhabit. No persons who enjoy the benefit of the amnesty will be allowed to vote. ITALY. The correspondent of the De nocrazia of Bellinzona writes from Turin, on the 9th, that the Chevalier de Burger, the new governor of Lombardy, has decided that the Milan Gazette shall cease to appear in December next. The Bilancia will then be the only paper published at Milan. The governor, it is said, is a man of talent and impartiality, and appears to entertain conciliatory sentiments towards Ticino. Since M. de Burger's arrival facilities have been granted to several Ticinese who were desirous of going to Milan on business. Among them are several persons affected by the decree of expulsion. The writer thinks that when negotiations shall have been resumed, the good disposition of the governor will render an honourable arrangement easy. ROME, Ocr. 12. The ROMIIn Journal of the Pith instant states that the minister of finance has completed, and is about to publish, the balance of state revenue and expenditure from the Ist January, 1848, to the end of June, 1849. The details of this document will be highly interesting, referring to the turbulent periods of the revolution, the flight of the Pope, the repub lic. and the capture of Rome. The vacant mission from the holy see to the court of Napoleon 111. has been conferred upon Monsignor Sacconi, hitherto nuncio at the court of Bavaria, where it appears he was not upon the best possible terms with the government, but where be made the acquaintance of one of the French ministers, through whose influence he obtained the present important appointment. Mr. Freeborn, British eoneular agent, returned to Rome on the Bth inst., with an escort of dragoons from Viterbo to Ronciglione. On the oth instant, paper money to the amount of 232,407 scudi, 401 baiocs, was burnt in the I Sacro Monte Palace, a corresponding amount of metal having been issued. The instruments used for making and printing the notes, called iwni di surro- Igazione, were also formally destroyed. Nut with standing these ceremonies, the calling in of the dollar notes has tended to raise the price of silver from per cent. to 21. Political intelligence from the East Las likewise had its effect upon the Bursa, the ex change upon London being now 474; Roman Con sols, 96.40; Bank shut's, 253. _ _ Hie Holiness has ordered Signor Jaeometti's fine group, representing Judas betraying our Saviour with a kiss, a noble and touching production, to be executed in marble at the Pontiff's private expense, and placed at the foot of the recently re stored Scala Santa. We hear nothing more of the conspiracy trial. One of the young men condemned three years ago to 25 years of the galleys for making Bengal lights, the son of Signor Feoli, the great capitalist, came to an untimely end a few days ago. Through his lather's interest his condemnation had been comniuted into exile—but lately he had obtained leave to return to Rome, whence he thought prudent to retire to a country house, on account of the suspicion hanging over him in common with other liberals. In getting through a hedge with a loaded gun, in pursuit of a fox, the trigger caught in a branch, and the charge entered his bteast. A French lieutenant shot himself last week. Two men and a woman were beheaded at Viterbo on Saturday, the nth inst. It appears that they richly deserved the penalty, but the tedious course of criminal trials in this country may be appreciated by the fact that the three wretches had been in prison seven years before being brought to the scaffold. TUSCANY. A letter from Florence of the 12th, in the Parla tnento of Turin, states that Miss Cunning hame had to be forced out of prison, morally, at least, if not literally, since she would not accept of her liberty as a favour, but as a right. The official who cotnumni cated to her the order for her liberation was obliged to inform her that he had full power to make her leave her prison, whereupon she demanded a certi ficate in due form, stating that she had been forcibly ejected. Ebe Court. WINDSOR, Oct. 18. The following had the honour of dining with her Majesty yesterday—Lieut -Colour' the Hon. N. and Lady Mary Hood, and Mr. Gibbs. The Queen's private band was in attendance in the Castle after dinner, and played the fulluwing pieces : overture, "Si retabi Itet" Adam. Pulonui•e and enema, "Faust" Spr. hr. Finale, Le Pre flux Clem^ Herold. Overture, " Marco Spla" Auber. March, "Prora:theuv' tleetho The Queen and Priuce walked in the Home Park this morning. The Royal children took their accustomed exercise. Prince Albert rode out on horseback this forenoon, at tended by Lieut.• Colonel F. Seymour. Her Majesty and Prince Albert drove out in an open carriage this afternoon. C,lonel the HOD. Charles Grey and Lieut.• Colonel F. Seymour were in attendance on horseback. The Duchess of Kent arrived in town yesterday afternoon from York, attended by Lady Augusta Bruce and Sir George Cooper, and proceeded to her residence, Frognacre, near Windsor. The Earl of Aberdeen left town yesterday evening for Windsor Castle. ROYAL GALLERY OF ILLUSTRATION.—Her Royal Highnesr the Duchess of Cambridge, accompanied by tie Royal Highness Ltic Duke of Cambridge, the Duke and Duchess of Mecklenburg Sirelit:, and the Princess Mary, and attended by Baron Knesebeck, Baron Rauch, etc., honoured the Diorama of the Ocean Mail with a •isit on Monday, at the Royal. Gallery of Illustration, 14, Regent street. THE AUSTRALIAN MAILS. The last 'West India packet brought a Sydney mail, dated the 20th of July last. This is the first Eng lish mail, properly so termed, that ever crossed the Pacific. It was 92 days in coming. By that mail word was brought that the Argo, screw -steamer, which left Southampton on the Bth of May last, reached Sydney on the 14th of July, aid that the Overland Australian Mail via Marseilles and India, which left London on the 9th of May, and was due at Sydney on the 13th of July, had not arrived. The Argo reached Sydney in 67days, and but for the scandalous coaling arrangements at the Cape de Verde she would have reached New South Wales in 63 days. It deserves to be noticed, however, that the Argo only stopped at two places on her way to Sydney, vie., at St. Vincent and Melbourne, while the overland mail is detained at eleven places. Still, the Cape of Good Hope route has been greatly improved by the owners of the Argo, and that chiefly by the superiority of their steamers, and by not touching at Algos Bay and various other stations, and the owners' intention of let ting their steamers return by Cape Horn will give the route of the two Capes a fair trial. The overland route, by way of India, has not been fairly tried. The steamers run ning between Singapore and Australia are confessedly too small for their work. When larger steamers are on the liae, and the homeward ones go direct from Swan River to Ceylon, then will be the time to say if the overland route is a (*Bute. A contemporary has alleged that the Cape service route, pursued at present by the Peninsular and Oriental Company, has been a mistake, and that the packets will In future go through,Torres Straits. This contemporary i s evidently about to advocate the Sydney interest in opposi tion to Southern Australia and Victoria. The passage through Tones SUVA' will prove 1111 stormy as that round Cape Lewin. And it is impossible likewise in any eastern route to ignore Southern Australia and Victoria. New South Wales is no longer the most important colony ; its papule. tion is inferior in numbers to that of Victoria. If the Ori ental Company's ships 'pass through Tones Straits, Mel bourne and Adelaide must rely on the Cape of Good Hope route. Wb a new Australian mail contract is entered into, whether with a company going westward, or with one going eastward, the consideration must be how can the three important provinces of South Australia, Victoria, and New South Wales be furnished with postal accommodation with the mother country. It is of no use talking about the route by which Sydney or Adelaide can be reached fest. Melbourne is 000 miles, and Adelaide 1,000 miles to the westward of Sydney, and it certainly will be an extraordi nary circumstance if it should turn out best for the Oriental Mail Company's steamer leaving Adelaide on her home_ ward trip to go to the eastward of New Holland and pats through Torres Straits. TEE CRYSTAL PALACE AT SYDENHAM.--The works of the gigantic building at Seenham appear to progress rapidly, and the shell of the building is so far advanced towards comple.ion that the contractor', Messrs. Fox and Henderson, have undertaken to surrender it to the cem pan, in a finished state at Christmsui. If they can effect this—and thine is no reason to doubt the powers or resources of men who have already accomplished so much— , a whole army of decorators and embellishers will be thrown into the interior, and the varied and comprehensive de -1 signs of the undertakers will be rapidly carried out during th. early months of the next year. Lnder these circum stances there can be little doubt that the building will be so far advanced as to warrant its being thrown open to the public, as has been already announced, on the Ist of May next. WORDS OF PEACE.—" That miserable miscreant!" These were the dulcet breathings of the " oaten stop" of the member for Edinburgh at the Peace gathering. " That miserable miscreant," said pacific Mr. Cowan, " the Duke of Tweany." Well, we thought peace proffered olives; hu• here are offerings like very bad eggs.— Pumh. CIII.7RCII RATES AT MINSTER SIIEPPY.—On Tues day week a rate of a penny in the pound was refused in this pariah by a majority of 152 to 24. 110 P INTELLIGENCE.—Hop-picking in the Maid stone district concluded yesterday. The produce through out is stated to average less than 5 cwt. per acre. Prices, however, are generally good, with a prospect of an advance upon the preseat quotations, if the planter. maintain a good understanding with each other. At lirenchley, picking, with few exceptions, is now finished there. We are very fortunate in crop and quantity this year, and our hops are inquired after at an advanced rate from last week. Daty at our market is quoted 11.5,0001. In Bevenoaks hopping is nearly fi nished, and although abort in quantity, the price will make up the deficiency.—South Eastern Gazette. RUSSIAN AGGRESSION UPON TURKEY. - Last might a numerous meeting of the inhabitants of the borough of Finsbury was held at the Music llall, Store. street, for the purpose of calling on the government to aid the Turks in compelling the Russian army to evacu• ate the Danubian Principalities. Mr. I)uNco3roe, for the borough, occupied the chair. Mr. Oliveira, Mr. Urquhart, Mr. N cholays, and other Reformer., were present. . Letters of apology for non-attendance were read from the Lord Mayor, Col. fnompson, and others. The CH AMMAN that often as he had the honour of meeting his constituents in public assemblies, he could re for they never met on an occasi on so f raught collect no occasion on which he had gr ea t er pl eusure in portant cons( quencis as th a t w hi c h now m b w r ei o te u ht g in h gg t rat tl ee e m m a;' t d og im ether. Looking at the requisition which brought them together he found that it called on the British government to aid by every means in their power in expelling the liu,sian army from the Danubian Drinsipa liti s, where they were committing an tlllju.titiaole aggres sion on an old ally. (Bear, hear.) If that aggression mutant anything it meant war. (Bear, hear) And it was worthy of the consideration of the people of this country, whether they ought or ought not to press, in terms not to In Misu; derstood, how far they would sanction the government of the day in adopting proceedings of that t ort. They often heard that it was the prerogative (tithe crown to make war, but it was also the prerogative of the people to call the government to account for their conduct, and he should like to have seen at that moment some preparation made by the government for .he assembling of parliament—(cheer.) —so that the people of the country might have an oppor tunity of expressing their opinions as to what the conduct of England ought to be on this important occasion. (Bear.) That a wanton and unjustifiable aggression had been wade on the part of Russia there could be no doubt. It wet equally clear that a great wrong bad been done to Tinker, and that every hour the Russians remained in the PenCo polities the wr.sng to Turkey was not only continued, but an insult offered to Europe at large. (lit or, hear.) There could be no doubt that there was a difference of opinion as to the course which, this country ought to adopt en this occasion. They bad read the proceedings which took place at the Peace Conferente at Edinburgh, which were as doubt very amiably end delicately conducted. (Laughter.) But looking at the materials with which they bed to deal— the Nicholases of the North—he did not believe that that Conference would make much impression upon those auto crats. In our negotiations with them, utile,' we meant gunpowder, and nothing but gunpowder, they would not attend to us at all. They would snap their fingers at us; and we might just as well whistle to the winds as talk about amicable negotiations with persons so determined to do wrong if they had the power. (Hear, near.) Bet still when they cried out for war, it was well that they should know what it was to be fur, and what it was likely to cost them. (Hear, hear.) The taxation of this country at the end of the last century was 2,000,0001. ; in 1815 it rose to 70,000,0001. The annual expenditure at the end of the last century was 3,000,0001., in 1850 it me to 130,000,0001. (Hear, hear.) Bat yet, though this seemed a great sacrifice, they must not conclude a dis honourable peace, or bullet any disgrace teem the Emperor of Russia. (Hear, hear.) In dist:toeing the subject of dis pute between Turks y and Russia, and the conduct of oar own government in reference thereto, they were labouring under a great disadvantage in consequence of the system of secret diplomacy adopted by the government of this country. (Hear, hear.) Never, on soy former occasion, was the failure of that system so clearly shown as in the present one. (Hear.) There were six great powers engaged in conducting this matter, including Russia and Turkey, the powers more immediately concerned. Of these six powers five published the facts to the world at large, and informed their own people of the progress of create by means of circulars and manifestoes. But the English government stood alone in keeping back from the people of this country all informs. tiou on this subject. All that they could get the govern ment to say at the closing of parliament was that the negotiations were not yet complete, and it would be incon venient to divulge what was going on. (Laughter.) Yet at that very time the French government were publishing their despatches. (Hear, hear.) An amusing instance of the folly of keeping back information from the people took place the other day. The first manifesto of the Emperor Nicholas was an attempt to justify his wanton and unfree rentable aggression on the Moldavian and Wallachian prin cipalities. That statement was false from beginning to end, because it poceeded on the assumption that thou principalities were oceupied by reason of our vessels entering the port of Constantinople, the contrary being the fact. (Hear, hear.) It used to be said that if faith and honour were banished from the rest of the world they would bk found in the breast of princes. That was not the case now. But whet happened ? The French government made a spirited reply to that manifesto, which told Russia in plain terms that the statement pat forward by her was a false hood. (Hear.) Lord J. Russell said in the House of Commons that the reply of England was much to the same effect. That was all. But garbled passages of that reply having appeared in some foreign newspapers which mis represented what actually took place, Lord Clarendon felt obliged some time ago to publish the official copy of the despatch, in order to set the matter right. (Hear.) Lord Palmerston awaited the ladies and gentlemen of the north the other day by telling them that her Majesty's go vernment were ready to go farther than any other in cor recting any abuses that were shown to exist. That was very good, if he was in earnest. The system of secret diplomacy was an abuse to which Lord Palmerston, if be was in earnest, ought to apply a practical remedy ; and there were many other improvements which could be made, both in church and Oath. (Hear, hear.) It was not for him to anticipate the resolutions that it would please them to adopt, nor would it be becoming in him to anticipate any of the sentiments which they might choose to express; but he was satisfied of this, that whatever resolutions they might adopt, or whatever sentiments they might express, they would be in accordance with the liberal principles which he, as their representative, had always endeavoured to uphold. (Loud cheers.) Mr. SWAM, is proposing the first resolution, said that he never stood before any meeting with a greater Knee of the importance of the subject. It had been said by one of the principal spe .kers of the Peace Conference that the war meetings, as they were called, were composed principally of unthinking people. Be con fessed that that statement set him, at ail events, to think upon this question. They were now met to consider the question at issue in the East of Europe, and the part that England should take with regard to it. Now that the negotiations were drawing to a close, it behoved them to weigh well and consider the part that England should take oa that momentous subject, in order that they might not hereafter be accused of adopting a hasty and inconsiderate course. (Hear.) The res Auden which he was about to pro pose was to the effect that the invasion of the Turkish empire by the Emperor of Russia was a wanton and unpro voked outrage, end an infracticn of international law, and it called on the government of this country to auist Turkey in expelling the Russians from the Danubian prin cipalities. (Hear, hear.) It would not be necessary ter him to show that the invasion was wanton and unprovoked; that nobody would deny. But in order to show what was the real object and character of that aggression, it would be necessary for him to show how the quarrel originated. Mr. Sheen then stated to the meeting the origin and pro grew of the Eastern question. It was attempted to be shown that the object of Russia was to protect the Christian religion in Turkey. That was the ground taken by 31r. Cobden, and it was on that ground that he said England ought rather to join Russia in effecting such an object. (Laughter.) A Oarertamew on the platform said that was not the argument of Mr. Cobden. Mr. SPURN said that he had read the various reports of Mr. Cobden's speech, and the conclusion he drew was that which he bad stated to the meeting : and be was etresgth ened in that view by the analogy which Mr. Cobden en deavoured to establish between the interference of Russia in Turkey and the interference of England with Tuscany. (Hear.) But it was clear that the religious ground was put forward merely as a cloak to cover the attempt of Rus sia to acquire pollute' preponderance. (Hear, hear.) The Turkish government very properly refused to submit to the demands of Russia. The question was then referred to the representatives of the four Powers at Vienna, and the result was the production of a note which would have given to Russia all that she originally demanded — (hear, hear);—and showed that the diplomatists of free governments were no match for those of the northern despot. Well, then, Russia had poured thousands of troop into the Danubian Principalities by way of taking " material guarantees" for the rejection of Prince Menchikoff's demands. (Cheers.) This was to all intents and purposes& declaration of war let Rus sian diplomatists and writers say what they would, and the British government were only playing into the hands of Russia by recognising ix that act of hers anything but an act of war. (Loud cheers.) Ile did not think he need all score to justify the language of the resolution he had read. (Hear, hear.) But there was no doubt POMO difference of opinion as to the exact position which England ought to assume. Mr. Cobden put forth flee areuntenta against England going to war with Russia or giving assistance to Turkey. One of his arguments was, that they ought to have clean hands themselves before they fell out with Russia on this subject. This seemed to him to be the argument of a hypocrite. (Cheers.) Ile did not mean to charge Mr. Cobden with either hypo crisy or cowardice, but when n man of his intelligence and character condescended to use such an argument, he was