The Express. — London, England, 1848-09-18 00:00:00

- RZATINO, Sept. It -Our supply of Wheat today was very moderato foe the sewn. 'the middling qualities of sew were 40. to 61. Der qr. dearer ; but the inferha and very damp only 2a Old Wheat was 2s. to 3s. per qr. higher. We had several samples anew Barley, sad quality very various, bat amain" really fine. Pusest qaseatioas are &h. to 40s. per qr. Old Oats are souse, mad tally at the runat t advance. New samples inns" and eel at Ws. MI 24" p qr. Tares mot very earn, sad [squired far, at lb. to I S 4s. Wil amos Wannur, Sept. It - Dry Wheat taro tain last mark. tedayh prices. Barley from 30.. to Ha per AO lawny after old Oats, with sou" *demos. Pow sad Soma maltend. &IS. 16.-Tb. qsality sib' sew Wheat Is as ven valises that it is Mends tellmat•joiso omit Omagh some inseler slid as bee sae tla geed ne eld eat was e" Whit, mad ftmiN Mft te 62" per Wh egr. Ws Mum bad m Inky =N4Bs.US Wend Ise can, sad la ell hat flew pumbenee won la Ober van but little doing. Sus ossaass, Sept. 16.-The Ike weatkerecutlauses Sad tha Wheat harvest bas bees nearly Milked. awn Shed having been neared in ezailleat eonclitirn, MEM NM We spots, where a Mae Wheat is mill in t oo Titan have been some trifling arrivals _ of Whoa* sad 180 sena of Flow coastwise daring the week esil bon the growers today there was • large supply al misia amanat, chiefly of the new mop, width, bringia lagsweed 'audition, sold freely at en edema of b. per quarter. The bast samples of old Whist fink 665. he Was; saw, 665. to Ws.; goad ay. rage punk of old, 62" to lib. ; cal saw. Oa to 64e. ; and inferior qualeiss, 48" to 50" The demand tar prism math country Wheat is steady, at tat babes" quollatims. Mang Barley sells ixeety well at 30s. to lb Oats are in name& at 235. to 26e. ; and Bolas good isle at 84a. to S&L Then is a brisk demand for Flour, at 41s. to 425. per Ink Is, sea* nantry, and 325. to 40,. for Itossuande. Wattle:Cala, Sept i 16.-Thus was an exceedingly good impply of Wheat, o sad new. Mehemet was allay sold at a alight ensue" TM maniples et nay Wheat an wane really abated by the late wet and the top priest are 49a. to 665. Barley, which is variable in quality, and a large poc. bon very much stained, sold about 2e. per qr. better than last week, though the amount of trade was trifileg. Beans declined in value. Other grain scarcely asked for. Wheat, old, 480. to 645. Barley, 32a. to 38,. Oats, 21s. to 25" Beans, 40s. to 48s. Wiseman's, Sept. 16.-An abundant supply of all de scriptions at grain. New Wheat comes to hand In bettor candid's, 'an there wag an satin demand, at face know Bang was held finely, with • limited Amoral hero wen en or two samples of now Barley offend, In which high pries were asked, but we cannot give the emit question" Vetches nun inquired tor, and selling bin 1k to 12s. Gd. per bushel. Other grain maintained their late strewn. Wheat. 121. to 151. per load. Barley, 275. to 36e. Oats, 23a. to 7/a per qr. Wiesen', Sept. l&-We liberally supplied with Wheat t^-day, but only_nodentiely with other grain. Th. best dry new and old Wheat is in good dents 1, and fully Is. to b. per quarter dearer than on this day week. Oats and Beans at former rata" The followlin are the pries to the growers : Wheat, new, red, 69101. to 61. M., 481. to 64.. per qr. ; extra. 5.5 e. ; white. 49.. to 655. ; extra, 66e. ; old, red, 6111$1. to 631 b.., 545. to Rs ' • extra, 69" ; white, 665. to 68s. ; extra, 60s. Outs , old. 84.1a.t0 lid. to 1114. per stone. Beans, old, 38a. to 40e. per qr. - - - Woamneem,flopt. 14.-bur mead was rather largely sanked with Wheat tacky, sad the aside ruled dull; old Wheat being no dearer, whilst new sold slowly at an im provement of Is. per qr. Barley about as much lower. Fine Oats scarce and !ally as dear, whilst all see eddy qualities were neglected. Oa Batas the tarn was in favour of the buyer, and we have less inquiry for Pees. Tom, Sept. 16.-We have only a small show of Wheat at OW market this day, which has met a steady sale at about le. per qr. over last week's priors. A few samples of new Barley offering at from 32.. to 36c, quality only moderate, bang coma and high coloured. In Oats and other articles no anemia , . The following are the present prices: Wheat, white, 66e. to 60e. per qr. ; rod, Ms. to 545. Barley, Mae, 326 to 350. Yak 60.. to 62e. Oats, 11d. to 121. per sane of 141 b. Flour, the. to 435. per seek of 280114. Dr nine, Shpt. 15.-The weather aims Tuesday has bees most propitiate, athirst! a period of three months 1 with the exception of two days) without rain. Oa this day's market we had a large imply of now grain, dui coalition ef whisk manifested the favourable Salaam of the weather. The demand was good, sad the tonne of Friday were geasrally maintained. In some imams a slight frammement was reali:ed on Oats and OateniaL la other things cos mak, no *sage in our quotations, azapt for Indian Cars, which wm 2.. per m. lower. The present @errancy . Wheat, white, Ns. to 315.; red, 23a. to 26e. 6d. per 260th. Oats. 12e. 6d. to 61. per 1961bn Barley, 14e. to 17s. per 2241 th 8e,,, 12s. Id. to 1 Is. RapestM, 24 to 26.. 04181444 144. to Ua per awe. Flour, seconds, iSa. Bd. to 19s. 6d. per cwt. h am Com, 34• to 39.. pet 4801ba. Bthrear, Sept. 15.-Our applies of grain are small, in amonaenee of all hands being in the fields; but the quaky and condition improve with the weather. The edam* from the winery are more generally unfavourable, as to the potato ero', than they were; still the stalemate are so various that it is difficult to come to k t e elqlike a merest estimate at the *Moat of the las w be in the mop. The quality at the Wheat improves; sad supply base moan and the demand good, prim are eappetteth Beam aria, tof tealiti, I. 101. 100. 00 141. ger tn. Gad old Wheat is wanted. Float *alb freely ,at quelationa Bailey is free sale, at rather baler pries.. Mae 011.. which were relatively task are ld. to 2d.lower, whilst other sorts ere 3d. to 44. higher and its good dewed. Oatmeal asks freely at 6d. over the quotations of this day week. la dim Cora is in small bthatfr sad few Made, and sells slowly M W. to W. 10• Carrent prima grain, £ o. b.: Red Wheat, 111. to 121. ,• white, 111. 121. les. Barley, 71. to 61.15 e. Oats, 71. to 81. 61. Oateses/. 13i. 10.. to 141 10s. per ton. flapethas Firer, 21. 6s. to 21. 12s. 6d. ; flea, 21. 61. to 21.95.; woad*, 2!. Is. 3d. to 21. 2a. fkl. ; thirds, 1!. 13.. to 11.175. Bd. ; froth, 11. 65. to 11. 10s. Coax, Sept. 15.-We cannot roped Admirably of the Potato mop. In meet localities the Moms continues to nuke arogrom sad our prospects oat W. head are gloomy enough. The arrivals of foreign gran are few. The supplies of home- CegiWheat end Barley are fair ;of Oats large. Wheat is o r l Mignon, and is taken read at an improvement of Is. to Is. 611. per barrel. Prepa Wheat ales, old Irish @specially, is in good demand, at a 'dabs? advance. A prime maple of this dmariptioa wea sad this week, at 34e. per barreL Barley scarcely aniataiss its value, still, is ' being moderate and the dial= being desirous of into stock, the article a tibia freely at rate. Twig Me from those of lAA weak. Oats BM purchasers et male oat* of 3d. to 4d. par bd., smiths guratity arriving, thoegls is quickly bought up at them mimed rates. la Oats we have not meth beldam Wag. We goat. =as of the article 121. pm Mira, free as bout. s Flom a lair bucksaws has hen dam Fenton, having issetatod to the redaction adverted to la our lad, were eathisi M mho ales to a considerable extent, sad the trade, la has been more minuted than of late. Indies: i x.= mead ss. to 71. 6d. per too, and a small retell Wm. has been done ia the artiela lane holders, however., having demanded still higher rates, the effect has been to cheek bo oing*. We quote the aeteal value of the article Of. to W. 110 t per tom LINIIIICi, Sept. 16.-The weather In the early part cf the week was fine, and a good deal of the crops dewed ; on Thureday we had hem misty weather, and sand cold rains; the crops are reported to be seriously injured by it. The supplies of all grain for the week hero been liberal, quality still soft and green ; the Potatoes are rapidly decaying, and a continuance of the present weather will contribute to de stroy them altogether. At this day's market a large /how of Whoa; quality of a very mined kind; pries very fluctuating, with a downward tendency, but really fine samples brought a good figure. Oats come in freely, end would be cheaper bat for some new buyers. Little Barley yet Otero 1 , but the mop is large and heavy. In Indian Corn and Meal, and other bread-stuff, a very slow gale ; the people are using Potatoes, as the pries blow. Current prima of Wheat, red, 12d. I. 18d. per stone ,• white, 16d. to lea. Oats, 10td. to 10Id. Barley, 10d. to l id. Galati Indian Corn, 91.65. per ton ; Ibesil, 91. Indian Meal, 91. 10s. Oatmeal, 131.105. WATIRPORD, Sept.l6.-Oar supplies dgrabs wee limited in the extreme d uring the early part of the week, when Wheat realised a hasher amateur le. 6d. to 2L per barrel, while Oats receded 3d. to ed. from previous rates. At this morning's market, deliveries from the fanners were some what more liberal. Beth merchants and millers commenced buying Wheat freely at the advance above weed, het, as applies increased, tbi trade flagged, and the market for Wheat closed at Is. to la. 6d. per barrel above the peseta of this day leanight. Oats sold freely through the day without any change in value. Of Barley we are still withoutsuppliee of any moment, and the article la much wanted. Flour ton tine.' to meet a ready sale-old at last week's prices, end new at a reduction of 21. to 3s. per sack. Indian Corn has been taken to some talent by inanition during the week, at an improvement of Is. 6d. per barrel, but it still meets very little demand for oesemptin. Prises en Mows : arisd new : Wheat, millsse, per S 9 elm. lb. Is M. 6d.; shipping, Ma. ed. le 2Te. stalaing, per 16 stone, 15s. ihia. s. to 13e. 3d. ; avinding, 14e. ns 14e. 3d. Oats, white, rl4 stone, 105. Bd. to lb.; bleak, lee. 9d. to Ile. Pre new: Wheat, millers', per 20 Nose, 31s. to 33e.: , 275. to 295. Oats, white, per 14 at, 12a. 6d. to 13e. ; 19e. U. to Ile. 64 Flour, supwflae, per seek, 435. to 41e.; sommds, 36e. to 38e. ; thirds, 30a. to 32a. • fourths. 20 4 . to WA Indian Corn, Danube, per 20 stone, 225. &I. to 23e. ed. Amnion, yellow and red, 721. to 225. 9d. Spanish and Perhertme, white, 21s. Od. to 225. Indian Corn Meal, per 0 ewl-• lage id. Oatraell Se. . pm cwt., 13e. to 13e. &I. Bran, per Ma% h . to IL Etacmaism, Sept. 10.-We have had • week of most en oiliest harvest weigher, awing which banal meratioos have been yresastelsi brow houses with mad vlgesr, and at groat 10 . 4 eflbs m lag lea! seamed ia Ise sonchtion. 1 r.: rep's SO Wee ....e... ...''.... ...sue,. :;!9.114:7 agree id MMus that the mossor , which of late years were Lint teethed by the shams, are met olleeted this year, and dist amempt Mess Idols it amdmose le repast, notwith- Ibsen, this dry weather i se that we km the meantity likely to be secured veal mow be odor heM ma average crop. At ear country markets this weak we bat very little old grains 4:f aye kind offering, *so of which were without from the pr • us week. Mew Badly in moderate @apply ; the ees&tion generally good, and prism about tie ✓oe whet week. Here to-day we bad may a few panels of old Wheat at market, which sold at fully lest week's rates; of weer Wheat and Oats , we had a few pareeb, avA a goad Supply of Barley. Wheat and Oats sold slowly; Berkey very readily, at rather over last week's rates. Wheat, old, 661. to 6-h. per qr. ; new, tee. to 56e. ; Barley, new, 26e. to 325. ;Pats, new, 21s. ed. to 241.6 d. Oatmeal, per bag of 280 lbs., 34a. • For Salted iy's Marl:.(3 see lot page. gfte erpreos. MAIL& Ibe addend mils Ike 011estair so‘ pdassembeippiampao. d ale dipt e ada. Oahe. has. sal Mne. els addhanas s u rn i l ater s trata Sean dal es sat ap setae wake s Ur am go. The ward dna =db. ts Os Ilediterresses, ADA Ma e Oaks. Beed-Zeng, ab. al be seas Ude ~Mg, lie alit The adle Mr d Iddeen, Naa. Cabb sad Otbeetter be awls lass the et the Mb lea The node lee dm Illeult Via amen% Lat. Ye Itese liesirma al be ends q• Ile asap st the NO dearabes. The man kr dr Wog as et Mr sod Makin all be aide ta thawed'. s it the lith i M is TM Wed Sa lainabb Iheednah sad Ortee lli Zas Ong, lampla sal Pats rp= reaslectbeee be Madam Jesindo_Oi d ants Martha Olops. ame. Wig' Ono d ems ma se. Jaded*. Ilasegar. all be aide op► as as muNdwit Ow. Is Os Um% Os am Mom Wee. Panda. a tilrased Pram yr^ "II los ark up ca TO 001131OPONDIINTS. a.awnimar. Oar "Ilme Won Im.st MMwrar.4 dr"Zi2 ■I i a4:ATIS AT LOPDOII O. OA sisinMO I. 4 0111111•11.. WM. NO S. Ti sa assairs OdS4 if mi.. pre S. LONDON. MONDAY. SEPT. 18. Tin French National Amobly, by an immense majority, has rejected the insertion in the preamble of the constitution of the right of the poor to have labour found them by the state. All that the Assem bly admits is, a right to succour. the absolute claim to labour and to the instruments of labour was sup ported by three kinds of partisans—by the socialists, as the chief foundation of their creed; by the ultra liberal., as political capital by which they keep up hope and acquire support amongst the working elsasss ; sad by more moderate men, who, like Lanutrins andßuLme,reooatesended t he inaction of the words far peace and conciliation-sake, keying the fulfilment of those words to the fate of most social wombss made by a legialatare—n!glect. The eammeuiste or modiste of all degrees made a very sorry figure in the debate. Counting amend their numbers ; as they certainly do, many origami thinkers and forcible writers, this is the mere astonishing. Several of them, moreover, were in the habit of lecturing and captivating audiences in the development of their doctrine.; but in the tribune of the As embly one and all ream stricken with incapacity, obscurity, and hesitation. M. deputy for the department of the DrSine, alone expounded their doc trines. And when M. Tut nth attacked them in one °this studied, brilliant, and clear exposures, there was lite rally no one who dared venture a reply. M. CON. BIDINANT, indeed, asked for four evenings' sittings of two hours each, daring which be was to expound his doctrines without interruption. Short of he declined answering M. Tann, and, of course, the philosopher was laughed at. There is still, however, a large portion both of the people and of political observers, who think that socialism, however mute at the tribune, is likely to be more and more powerful, and that it is destined to undermine the old folio& ion of society. This belief is founded on the facility with which these doctrines have hitherto been propagated, and the imams@ poi= which even in their inchoate state the emumnsiot ideas have wielded. Bat, although la Peasse there aro fewer moral obstacles to the preaching of such a doctrine than in perhaps any other country, there are at the name time in France material obstacles which are utterly insurmountable by such a sect. The great moral obstacle to communist principles it ens belief. And this, non-existing amongst M lower population of the great cities of Pram, epees the way . for Utopists who seek to fill the void of a spiritual belief by substituting a material one. But to the labouring siess of largo towns is limited the currency of mei doctrines. There are ten millions of parcels of the sod in France, each paying its separate contribution, and representing not a tenant, but a proprietor. To preach communism to such a proprietary would be a vain attempt. And hence Lode BLANC and his school do not come forward as the ORACCUI of land, but of capital : 1789 applied its agrarian law to the soil ; 1848 is to apply a counterpart of that agrarian law to the capitalist. Capital, however, is not seizable ' like land : the small, fi xed of it indeed may he sppropriated bur d ttat ia part of capital which the new shoot chiefly aims at, via., the fends destined for the employ ment of manufacturing labour, these would disappear as at the touch of a magician's wand. In France they have dune so, and will do so more completely unless communist ideas and hopes be swept away. Political revolution is said to resemble SATURN, RR devouring its children. Social revolution exposes its children first to the chances of civil war, then en dimes their means of livelihood and food, them to perish if not relieved by the charity of vil a clam, and by means of that fund, which their effost was to destroy and to appropriate. I I The National Assembly, therefore, fully supported by the majority of the French nation, is determined jiat no experiment of the socialist kind shall be made by the hands or with the sanction of government, and that no principle appertaining to the sect shall be allowed to creep into the constitution, or to stand therein even for the purposes of conciliation. Noe is the Assembly inclined to make any difference between the various sects of the socialists, as all of them, even that of M. CONSIDERANT, have striven more or lees is employ violence and war as the means of placing their opinions and schemes in the ascendant. However fine, however moral, however philanthropic the sod- I &list's doetdse, preached to the people, especially in their late sad present state of effervescence, the popu he Winos universally imbibe but the plainest and most extreme conclusions, such as, " Down with 'property, and away with inheritance." principles, which were confined to a very narrow and initiated sect in February last, have since become disseminated, more or lees, through the whole body of the labouring classes of towns. They farm the banner of insurrection, the hope and watch word of the extreme party in and out of the Amoco- VT ; and it is no longer between liberals and illiberal., republicans and anti-republican., that the political struggle is taking place, but between the lower class excited, and the middle class alarmed, by these doctrines, which ate in fact but the code of civil War. Moat of the socialist writers agree in representing France in 1848 as in a state quite analogous to that of France in 1798. The only difference they admit is that aristocracy and fendality weighed on all below them in 1798, and had to be shaken off by revolution, whilst in 1848 it is the monied and industrial aristocracy, which weighs upon the people, and calls for the same overthrow, if necessary, by means of violence and revolution. M. Tetras made an effort to dispel this delusion and to combat it by argument, defending the old and existing organisation of so cvienntaand showing the improvement which it bad in all classes. Able as were his arguments, there was much to say in reply. Yet not one word was said in the debate of that system which gives work one half the year, and allows the artisan to ekenner and to starv e the other half. Neither was there uttered in the discesdon one single word on the subject of population ad Ills increase. The fact is, the statesmen of the middiedess speak to the middle class, vied the championed he plate reserve their oratory he the clubs ; ewe this Pamir Is divided into two from wham padsmatbssales each other, tbs it d vitithe sr pomading. This is esilddy ow dabs mat melancholy and disastrous symptoms Jibs lima NM ia ingselease to ear supply of corn our sup ply of salsa swan as the peat asessity of the coun try. The ssarelty of the ewe ur population of food ; the want of the eth ers their means of procuring it. The repeal of the corn laws happily insures us a certain supply of the first indispensable. To guard as far as namable aphid a failure in the second ill only to follow the cuctates of comnurni prn dna,. Our state of almost entire dependence on America foe our supply of cotton is a subject at present earnestly engaging the attention of our manufacturers. The contingencies by which that supply may be affected are so many, that deep interest attaches to every re asonable suggestion pointing out additional coerces from whence further supplies may be obtained. Independently of any circum stance that might unfortunately arise to inter rupt our present amicable relations with the United , States, various causes, over which human agency r can have no control, may coutribute to produce a result which would overwhelm Lancashire in ruin, and bring the most disastrous consequences on our Park Farm t—Wil might put au end to that et' Tax French roam in Africa are rather in bad odour in this country. Yet we feel strongly tempted to recommend one in a district of our own country. We want • rossia a war of extermination — against the deer of tho New Forest. This sounds cruel, and would be so if it were not most necessary. But bipeds must be cared for before quadrupeds, and it will not be difficult to show that it is essential to the improvement of the forest and the population in and around it that the deer should be gut lid of. The in terests of the crown, of the landowner, of the farmer, and of the labourer, alike render this measure im perative. The privilege which the crown possesses of stocking a forest with as many deer as it may please, was ex ercised in the New Forst • few years since to a very remarkable extent. The deer were permitted to in crease so greatly that there were computed to be nearly 6,000 of those animas in the royal Chase. In 1846 and 1846 it was found necessary to reduce the stock, and no lees than 1,300 does were killed, besides upwards of 200 bucks. The number of deer in the forest is now believed to be reduced to about 3,300 ; but, considering the habits of the animal, this is still an enormous stock. That the poorer part of the population in and around the forest are completely Jecooralised in conse quence of the existence of the deer is shown by the register of convictions at Lyndhurst for offences ender the game laws. From 1814 to 1840 more than 700 convictions took place upon such charges, and in meet of these eases more than one person was implicated. It ia difficult now to ascertain the number of dismissed cases; but as the deer-stealers are said to be regularly defended by a legal agent retained for the purpose by an also mated body, these, probably, were in a large propor tion to the conviction. A great number of persons were convicted twice over ; several of these were transported. Still deer-stealing and poaching con tinue unchecked : showing that a very large body of people must he engaged in it, and that heavy pan ishments do not deter from the commission of the offence. Whole neighbourhoods are, in fact, tainted The uncitr-eieriarll of the forest told Lord Deicer's committee that there are families who ex clusively devote themselves to the occupation, and whom no punishment will cheek : There are men who give themselves up to these habits of depredation: we have had men that we have known commit the offence three or goer times or tore after they had been punished ;in bet, it seems to run in families. There is a family of the name of Caller : the father was transported, and one or two of the arms have been prosecuted for the same thing. I have known the offenee committed by persons in a higher station ; for insane., last year three endemism of Southampton were fined 901. for killing deer in the forest, whieb inn they paid. The poachers go out at break of day or at nightfall, generally two or three together, as it requires two men to carry home a deer. They creep after a herd, or steal round them, concealing them4lees behind the glingwesnas with Me niunb i eVeZeiZifonri thiproipe, of togisteeted offences is 'wooed to be very great. The keepers, fifteen in number, are obviously unable to protect 3,000 deer ranging ever 103 square miles of lan, and indeed the forest keepers are mid by the hen tenant of the forget, Mr. Courroct, not to be keepers at all. If , h owever, it was mon re= their duty to guard the deer than it appears to bode is obviously not their interest to do so. Under Ile Itosate Psu's ant, DO share of the penalty goes to the keeper I it is all paid into the county rate : the su consequenee is, as ous witnees d that " the ga p say they will not go out and eposes, ran the risk of - being shot, and get no compensation for it." "If they come urea poachers they will take them," bat not otherwise. This witogis adds, "I have given information that pee* were going out, and I believe the keepers did not go to take the men." This amounts for a reply given to 4 question put to the Under Steward of the forest, which might otherwise have been taken to indicate an improvement in the state of the district. lie is asked if there have been any scuffles between and poachers, to which he answer e d , " Yes, *s keep been occasionally, but not lately." If the keeps., do' not go out there is, of course, no chance of a seelb. It is needles, to point out what must be the metal condition of a population living in this way. It is obvious that they can have no very clear perception of the difference between meom and noon. Naturally enough the deer come to be looted upon almost es their own property. A man convicted of killing ens is considered a sort of martyr. The deer being tium regarded, timber and other things are looked at much in the same light. Of course, to be active is prosecuting such a body of people is to incur their I vengeance. Every sort of evil feeling is thus OW wondered, and you are perpetuating mon the lotion lation almost every evil that religion ass hand in hand are striving to eradicate. But it is not alone to the labourers that the deer are an evil. Agricultural improvement is checked, if not wholly stopped, in the freest districts, in consequence of their depredations. They commit every variety of trespass. A doe can make herself up into a very small compass and get through almost any fence, and of course where a doe can go the fawns can follow. Thus ordinary fencing is found by the farmers quite inadequate to keep them out. They trespass at all times of the year. They get into the standing . corn in the summer, and eat all the turnips in the winter. Mr. Mims, a ver derer, says, " I have known the red deer get into a fkld of wheat and bite off the standing corn just as if it were taken off with a reap hook." Mr. CASTLE- Iics mys, " They prevent us from growing a crop of tarcips, and we can keep no sheep in consequence icon the farms." But the effect of the deer upon the interests of tenant and landlord, cannot be better re resented than it was stated to the committee by Mr. FRANCIS ATTWOOD, the agent of Mr. MORANT, of Brockenhursts, on' of the largest landed proprietors is the neighbourhood of the forest Is the property liable to trespass on the part of the deer to the New Forest f—To a very could( rable extent. have you always considered that the depredations* upon I this property and the mischiefs and inroads of the deer were • great drawback on its condition with respect to cultivation sad improvement ?—lt hu always been considered so, and we have experieneed considerable diflieulty in letting it owing to that cause. Rave you been accustomed to hear great complaints of the image dune by the deer end the difficull of p ting it t —Yes, I hem In regard to fencing against the deer, lathe pries of hada, against the deer very considerable ?—I should say that too piles of fencing wind the deer was at least double the pike ofordinary put fencing ; there would not be occasion to pro. vide oath an expensive fence except age,:nst the deer, but we are~ to have a high fence at a great cost. The cis requires to be double the usual height ?—Yes. le the extent of fencing considerable round Mr. llereat's beeedary of the forest?—lt extends upwards of three miles. And the repairs of the fence, in order to keep out the deer. weenenidondie ?—Very considerable; 1 have always heard when el es an Item of large expenditure. Is the priadpal damige done by the deer in winter and the early part of the spring ?—Yee, during the time the turnips and other green eve ps are on the ground, when the deer are driven out of the forest for watt of food; there is not so au fi lt ave you heard gsif:en the quessroonsphants made by thetenants en Mr. biomes estate with respect to the deer f—Tee, the greeter pert of the farms are now an hand; I have often I beard the farmers complain very much of the disadvantage as regards the deer, and say that it is to very little puma* I they adopt an improved system of farming whilst they ate so exceiettvatrhteocr en depredations I mthedeer. should think a very great bar to improvement. Dues the liability to trespass from the deer, tend, in your. to dew the awe intelligent elms of humus from ire mdebbonehool ? The lumen we have are mot ma every me smite', or very great skill in fr a i n ag; sad • i br v. in ter s , gget messuro g lu t ids o th w e &- they canno t tlialn or c e de if they were not exposed to thde p r e d at io np of the deer. • • Tenants are deterred from incurring expense, leader the apprehend's that if they drained the land, the improved crops wed* be a temptation to the deer to hawk in and de vour then. Nadia. can be stronger or more conclusive than this. Mar hearing such an account we can easily ucisellemi tba force of one of the forest officers' ob servations : "There is a great deal to do to keep the wee in good humour; and if there was not an op- 1 i ty of giving them a little venison, they would te l vt li y angry." But a shoulder or two scarcely com pensates for such drawbacks as Mr. ATTWOOD has exhibited. Of course the crown is not exempt front the damage which it thus causes to be inflicted upon others. There are 6,000 acres of land in the to:est all in young plan- Wiese. These plantations are in different spoth— some covering 40, some 50, 60, or 100 acres stc. Of course every plantation has to be fenced round against the deer, and of course the expense is enor mous. Thousands upon thousands of hard cash have been expended is the useless attemit to keep the deer from the young oaks. All in vain ! Hunger is stronger than a park fence, and what with the swamps and the turf-cutting, and the commoners' rights, and the thousands of horses, cows, pigs, and geese that are turned out half the year into the forest, the poor deer in the winter find but a bad living. Late a plantation they therefore get nothing can I keep them oat of it; and, once in, it is difficult, if not impossible, to turn them out again. The verderer's officer, who appears to have had a snug little contract for fencing some of these plantations, says that he has Iseen quantities of deer in some of the incloeures, and even hints a shrewd suspicion that all of them did not filth' by umlaut. That the deer in the incloeures ' ate Mtge liaison than those out of it is shown by Mr. MILLS, who is a bit of an epicure in these matters : Did you ever hoer of any deer in the fitelosures ? Very fessze:t i l i y. the young plantations ? Among the young pisti -1 Idiom Nave re ewe Mud of their doing damage in the planta tions? Yee, I have seen that they have done damage therm Dave you ever heard that, when a party having a warrant desires a deer perticalarly fit, it is usual for the keepers to I die et the busk is the inelosure ? lam perfectly aware of it, he I have ghee orders myself on the subject, to have the deer that I am ;Witted to killed in the ; I have dares given orders to the contrary, for I find, though it is fatter, it h notes high-flavoured. If the damage dor e to the young trees in the.inclo sures was the sole consideration, perhaps out of regard to the verderers' love for fat venison, we might be disposed to acquiesce in the preservation of the deer, but we have shown this to bee very minor mat ter to the effect on the population, and on the private property of the district, and we can also show that it is very minor matter as regards the crown and the public. In con sequence of the lack of proper food for the deer upon the 60,000 ecru of uninclosed land in the forest the managers have found it necessary to keep up upon the estate a farm of 400 acres, the main produce of which is hay, wherewith to feed the deer during the winter months. The quantity of hay sup plied for this farm averages about 80 tons per annum. It appears, however, from a return presented to the House of Commons, that this farm, like all govern ment speculations of the sort, is • source of continual expense and loss. The farm pays no rent: rent is an item which never enters into its accounts ; and yet the cultivation during the last 44 years has been upwirde of 4,3001. Laat year the dead loss upon it was as much as 2711. Of course this cannot go on. Mr. Commissioner MILNE with much difficulty at last brought himself to admit to the committee that he " thought it would be a great advantage . to get rid of the farm altogether," and that, " supposing the deer were done away with, it would not be necessary to continue the farm." We give an extract from his evidence to show the conclusion to which, after several days badgering, the worthy commissioner was induced to arrive : In the event of the deer being done away with is the New Forest, might not a great saving be made in the general ex penditure ? A great reduction of the expenditure might be made in that cue. A reduction might be made in your ettedishment at New - entirely. A considerable saving would also be effected in the feneng —A very great saving ; perhaps the most important saving of all would be in fencing. Would it not effect a large saving in the hay supplied to the deer T—lt would save all the expense of New Park.. Which is kept up for the purpose of the deer l—lt is. In addition to this we may mention the saving to the crown and the country in respect of prosecutions for deer stealing, and the saving to the farmers and the poor by preservation from depredation. In fact, the money-saving by destroying the deer would pro- bably amount, their keep included, to little less than 40,0001. or 60,0001. per annum, and the money-saving would bee mere nothing compared with the unßrove meat which might be hoped to be effected in the morals of the people and in the cultivation of the country. And now let us see for what the deer are preserved. Really the relation would be quite laughable, if it were not lamentable to reflect upon the waste and the misery . such a system occasions. These 3,300 deer are maintained to supply . the warrants annually issued by my " lords commissioners of woods, forests, land revenuer, works. and buildings. by virtue of a warrant undm her bLuzuv's royal sign manual," headed with the royal arms, subscribed by all the three commissioners with their own hands, directed to the ranger, and printed with such magnificence of blazon as only the Queen's printer could turn oat. One hundred of these msguiticent warrants aro annually directed to the ranger of the new forest. Twenty-one of these direct him to kill bucks to be given as compensation for depredations committed by the deer ; forty-eight are for bucks killed to supply the pantries of the forest officers, and the rest are for bucks • supplied to the crown," and forwarded as " presents" to a select list of noblemen and gentlemen, In which we observe the name s of the Bishop of Buisnunv, the Mayor of Southampton, the Earl of Itsozon, and, though last not least, ALEXANDER MILNE, Esq., one of her MAJESTY'S commissioners. &o. for the purpose of republicanising or d them; in short, to do in person what the eut e ,,,,,. 7.1 circulars of M. Ledru Ellin were intended to before the convocation of th e Assembly. fa' rumours mimed a consistency on Friday, 1 0,1 4 74 so doubt of their being well-found e d. Meanwhile the club of the Rue de Poitiers Le a meeting to take into consideration thi s ~1" jest, and it was decided th a t the e*„„7 should be raised in the Assembly. Theme t e g e 7, l. the debate which I briefly reported i n my do ; of last night. The Minister of the Interior, inu re . to M. Base, admitted in substance that the "` ideated to had been decided on by the ger The announcement that if a vote of the were not given to sanction the measure th A e mel4llll ment would resign, was followed by a scene elddo t is totally impossible to describe. The members Nail from their benches to the flow; a dense mass egg ed round the ministerial bench ; all spoke to the noise became stunning ; and th e • and uproar altogether indescribable. M. the President of the A s sembly, who 2 occupy the chair on the occasion, was midst of the crowd, vainly endeavouring to corny and pacify. At length, M. Pagnerre, who, rte president, occupied the chair, put on his list, eKa sitt.ng was suspended. The ministers then mak e their bench and left the assembly in a body,ace, eafek by M. Maryut, and were absent for nearly 's* * Daring this interval they deliberated in a pa,* room, and it was fu.ly exp,cted that th e * aignation of the government would bo th e salt- A member of the mode. ate peaty had, *, ever, meanwhile, drawn up the following re lo ad * " The Assembly having heard the explanations d tV ministers, leave to the responsibility of the eves* government the appreciation of the measur e have proposed, and passes to the order of thed t a h ; The intention of this resolution was to say a direct vote of censure on the government, ea* * commend it to reconsider the project, after tai as learned, it did on that occasion, the s ae , the Assembly upon it. This draft was wit ia the ministers as an olive branch. Oa * turning to the house, and the Vice-Preolask M. Pagnerre, resuming the chair, General Cavi l % was in the act of ascending the tribune, for fly purpose, as was underetood, of resigning, be a was prevented by M. Maimed, Fresidett the Assembly, who immediately ascended the trjf himself, and without preface read and proposal a, above resolution, which was adopted by an lim a majority of the Assembly, on the understandeag fig the offensive project contemplated by the gam ment would be abandoned. The &mem* ea separated amidst a scene of the strongest eathee i tumult, and agitation. M. de Thorn has delivered to M. Bastide ltir as dentials as charge d'affaires of Austria with French republic. The Madrid Gazette of the 11th contains demo accepting the resignation of Count do Mirasol a Csp taro-General of New Castile, and appointing lass► nant-General Breton to succeed him. The resign* is said to have been caused by a dissension terns the count and the military commandant of Ilea The count had been ordered to leave the capital risk twenty-four hours. The Heralds contains keg a. counts of the pursuit of insurgent bands by tlr Queen's troops, but nothing of striking interns. As office fur the payment of bank notes had been oped, 31..wax0, Biter. 12—Three per Oents.,l9l emit; after 8e15,11144 01.112. 19i paper. flee pie Cleats., 101 paper ; after Mr, met Panties, 31 paper after Bale, 101 cash. Coapona,7 hE of 55. Perdroarid, SO cub, 54'paper. Exchange as Loner.; 41 sa A letter from St. Petersburg announces the mr riage of the second son of the Emperor, end the * crease of the army by 216,000 men. ITALY. GENOA, Seer. H.—Al:classes here anticipate,. are preparing for, a renewal of hostilities next set The town is full of Milanese nobility, and of omens other personages too deeply compromised to trustintis armistice. The Pope's oomin, Major Ferretti,* took a most active part in organising the lambi troops at Milan, has changed his venue to Ora Five thousand stand of muskets (the spec. d Birmingham firm) arrived here on Sat arday, W 4 Peninsular and Oriental steamer Tagus, mi • hailed as a most opportune specimen of Britian* mercial industry. There would be a market Portia the invoice. Several regiments fresh, or nit deucedly fagged, from the late campaign, an posing themselves in the barracks on shore. Or steam-frigate Sidon looked in has yesterday, el started the same evening. There is no war-shiti port bearing the Sardinian flag. The ruins of St. Georgio, blown up by the people (u it co mended rather the town than an approsAiw • vader), present from the harbour a mast spectacle. Our correspondent has sent ns the following si dress, which was posted throughout that city orb afternoon of the 11th, and which excited the mil agitation : Brothers,—The Genoese people, tilled with deistsd cipationa by the results of the late campaign, with wilt seeing the laws violated by thesis who ought to be tar vigilant upholders, rose in a moment of indigent's' ail brought to light of day those dark doings, Wad. the constitution, declared sacred (and they wets II the rights of Italian citizenship. Yet the Lames* hi of Genoa, and, therefore, of Italy—for Genoa knees it separate adversaries— have rnalidned ear people threelist the cities of Piedmont and elsewhere, taxing es sr mere local and municipal arrogance, a dein foment division, and the ruin of our comma erWa Tell the people of Turin that two vows have beta wash the Ligurian rsoe—the one to keep inviolate ths shoslol freedom, the other to avenge the honour of Italy,disazi4 the defeat on the Mincio and the Adige, by the swab of Milan, the fatal armistice, yieldiug up of the Vegs. Lambsrd territory to the banks and abuses of Maio These vows are now deemed a quasi rebellion, atdsed with menaces by the extraordinary oonanisdsaos have placed the constitution in abeyanez TA a, people of Turin that we do not upholds vernment that seeks rather civil war that said of retaliation on the foreigners. Tell them that °magi Turin will not forget their common sisterhood, sad tang their common mother, Italy ; that we abhce rivalries; aaaiifd that we seek not the darkness ai bygone apokbei but the light of our future national history, for diehard Italian nationhood is one and indivisible. We have hsalt ' in the same ranks, the blood of our sons bat coodals4a • the plains of Lombardy , and shall still flow in termite long as a single Austrian banner, law, or soldier, maks I the Plains of Italy. Aid us, 0 our brothers ! to oat 1100 _ 11 mad and deed the new Pharisees of every cloth Wow mho seek to envenom against each other the Ware I ear nommen mother—theme who have fought in du hia sod these who wait but the signal to march—the wawa, said the citizen soldiery—the people of Genoa or dot Turin.—Boil, President; PELLEORINI, Secrets* TUSCANY.—The Piedmontese Gaulle of tht la' contains advices from Leghorn, up to the nth. new provisional commission h ad named for e mittens, one for public security, one for public oil one for war, and lastly one for finance and prOrlsio The town was quiet. The Corriere Mercantile of Genoa of the 11th stile that on the 7th the Grand Dukc of Tuscany held an view of the civic guard s from all parts of Tuna''' . i d had assembled at - Pisa. for the Con Grave apprehensions are expressed ti' anon of tranquillity in Florence. The weakness ea government, rendered manifest by its unveilings& to repress the disorders at Leghorn, had enoontaill the anarchists of Florence. The French resido there had assembled and passed a resolution tool nise a French legion for the protection of ths ions and property of their countrymen in cars any outbreak. Nothing, however, was futsllf Bided. The chambers voted a law, authors" the enrolment of a foreign legion of 4,000 II The En fish minister at Florence had gel CaPt-Codrtngton, commanding the Thetis, toy 200 seamen, who should, in common with 7 0 soldiers, occupy one of tho forts rot 14 horn, so as to supply a place of fsB o the foreign inhabitants who might resort to Before this measure was executed, I,ol ` the populace had obtained possession of the fats NAPLES,—We have already anndent ounce at d 110 c tare of Messina. Our corre.pon writes' Na hate, SEPT. 9.—On the Ist of August the Near% steamers arrived at Reggio, tho husd-quarten of the w consieting_of 20,000 men, of which about 2,600 watt 13 troops. The steamers landed the troops nes: the To! Regains, the citadel, which was still held by the Napo force, openin gflre on the town. T he royal troop of first sum- *shiny attackei, being driven back to s Ps which had been peeviously mined. The minx was IF and about 400 men were killed by the concussion. The' was brought by a French steamer on tho 4th. At the, she lift, On fin of the citadel had slackened, bath self wee on Are in many places. yesterday, B4 government published the telegraphic news that the NI ',Wan troops had taken Measina on the 7th. No po Pt ut are given, nor has any steamer come in up to the FRANCE. PARIS, SATVADAT, 630 r m. The debate in the Assembly, contrary to what is customary on Saturdays, devoted chiefly to petitions, was to-day of a most stormy character. A measure adopted by the government, of sending a number of members of the Assembly into the provinces to report upon the relative force of political parties, was the immediate cause which excited the tumult. M. Base, in putting questions to the government on this sub ject, declared with moth vehemence that such a mis sion was contrary to the rights and dignity of the Assembly, and that, instead of contributing to con ciliate, now so desirable, it could not fail to sow divi sion in the Assembly as well as among the public. M. Senard, Minister of the Interior, ascended the tribune, and explained the obji ct of the proposed measure, declaring that the mission in question was proposed for the purpose of enlightening the government upon questions which had a most important bearing on the establishment of the republic, and that members of the Assembly were selected to conduct the inquiries, because their charac ter would afford them more ample means of informa tion, and would ensure greater impartiality. M. Base replied by a speech of great violence, which created a perfect storm in the house. Members apostrophised each other from one aide to the other, and the uproar and confusion was such that M. Pagnerre, who pre sided, found it almost impossible to maintain order. M. Samna defended the government, and M. Pallor= it. op g ' r e 2s l iarie, Minister of Justice, declared to the house from the tribune that if the Assembly did not pass an " ordre du four 'notice," having the effect of confer ring on the measure proposed by the government the approbation of the house, General Cavaignac would resign. This announcement was received with an explosion of disapprobation, of which it is impossible to give any adequate notion, and it became evident that such a motion would be rejected almost unani mously. An "ordre du four" was accordingly drawn' , up, which referred the interpellation to the govern ment on the understanding that the project of sending members or other agents into the departments to obtain statistical reports of publio opinion on politics should be abandoned. After this the Miserably has just ad jemmied in the midst of the greatest agitation. It is now stated to be tolerably certain that the , embers to be returned for Paris will be Primus I Louis, Marshal Brigemid, and Roger (du Nosed). 1 Prince Logs will also be returned for the department of Yonne. These elections naturally engross a large portion of the public attention at present. They will ermine .co in all the arrondimements of Paris, and in the Itanlieue to-morrow. The Count de Chambord has signified to his friends his desire that they should sup port Marshal Bugeaud to make it manifest that be bean no resentment towards the persecutors of his family tinder the Orients dynasty. In consequence of the news received from Pied mont, the government have appointed Gen. Carlet to replace Gen. Molidre, commandant of the brigade quartered at Marseilles. M. Frederic Von Reamer yesterday handed to Gen. Cavaignac &letter from the Archduke John of Austria, announcing to the government of the republic that the Diet of Frankfort had placed in his hands the central and federative government of Germany. The Moniteur publishes a decree of the executive government removing a duty imposed by a decree of the executive committee, on the 17th June, 1848, on iron castings of all kinds and on copper and zinc. The Prase says : On Thnrsday a meeting of the Constitutionnel, Dibats, and Petrie, was held at the Café de Paris with the intent of modifying the lists of candidates, which has fur several days been stereotyped at the head of the Colutitutionissi. The principal question was on the substitution of the name of Marshal Bugeaud for that of Edmond Adam. This was opposed by the Journal des Debate, which spoke warmly in favour of the late editor of the National, and against the late governor ef Algeria. The opinion of the Journal des Dards prevailed. Can it be true that it wee not entirely disinterested, and that it was influenced by a question of military promotion? We cannot believe this; it must assuredly be a calumny. The Journal des Debuts, in giving the preference to M. Edmond Adam over Marshal Bugeaud, :elOd only to the (inure inspirations of an ardent repub- The following notice by the Minister of Finance was published yesterday :—" From the 16th of this month and until further orders, the payments by an ticipation on the certificates delivered in exchange for the shares of the Paris and Lyons Railroad, and the certificates of the loan, will be admitted at the trea sury, with a discount allowed of 4 per cent. No dis count will be allowed on anticipations of less than thdrq days." We read in the Pattie of last evening :—" A coun cil of ministers was held this morning. It is said that the government had received important news from Vienna and Italy, and that couriers have been sent off this afternoon for London, and for the head-quarters of Charles Albert." The committee of legislation has examined a pro position, made by M. Xavier Durrieu, for depriving the executive government of the faculty of suspending journals daring the state of siege. After hearing the anther of the proposition it decided, by a majority of 11 to 8, that it would recommend the previous queer doe to be moved upon it. lam assured that government has received infor mation officially that Admiral Baudin has declared ' is the Neapolitan authorities that, if the operations against the Sicilians were farther continued, he would use the forces at his disposal to compel a cessation of hostilities. This morning a tumultuous scene occurred at the Bourne. A meeting of electors of the moderate party was violently expelled by a party of the red repub- Isom SUNDAY 1110 At the conclusion of my despatch of last night I gave you a hurried report of a scene and incidents which were presented in the Assembly at the moment' of its close, and only a little before the departure of my , despatches. This scene and these incidents are full of importance. Theirconsequenoes are not yet developed, nor even folly known. In some of my remit des patches I mentioned that uneasiness was excited among the moderate majority in the chamber by ru mours of certain " mpprochements" which were mani fested between Gen. Cavaignac and the leaders:of those parties in the Chamber which their opponents desir nate by thenames of the Mountain and the Red republic. Within a day or two these alarms were augments d by a report which was circulated to the effect that the chief of the Executive bad held pri vate communications with a number of members of the Assembly connected with the above-mentioned parties, and in their confidence ; that aprojeet was entertained of constituting these members into govern ment commissioners, to be sent into the departments THE EXPRESS, MONDAY ETV lisi.)lo64l#B. A wet dee son. an Wily fres& fk4 god hued or =iaskay see nit & the soden amp of and lifted say ether swore of supply spa bear fir, under =eh avisitation, the am=Laneasehe mast stand dill, and ruin to the sad recl be the inevitable meant 01110 L To adetensh a e ltytwo ;elects are at present be ide thepablie: seethe construction of railways in India, theilliate the mom of teansit between Bombay and tie interior .1 than Ober the establishment of a Vied of we s mle New South Wales, and Port in Maks, In order to supply labour Id the entddlien sigma* in those colonies. A elemodeedia 'aliened a short time since to Mr. DAM% &ikon elf the Manchester Chamber of COMIIMMV. CHAPMAN, manager of the India Railway y, entitled " Cotton Facts," supplies data tem that gentleman reasons very strongly in flavor et tbe projected India Railway. He quotes kat meets of the Board of Trade and other papers to show the importance of tribilistarY e rncoara,genient of cotton cultivation in British India, which he contends could be msde to afford a supply equal to that now received from Ame rica, and which, with the aid of railway conveyance from the interior to Bombay, could be laid down in Liverpool at gd. per lb. The saving in cost, condi tion, and promptitude from such mode of transit being quite equal, according to Mr. CHAPMAN, to the freight on the raw material from Bombay to Liverpool, whil e the effect on the supply of cotton compared with its present state " would bo not unlike placing Bombay at the distance of Dublin." After noticing the almost insuperable difficulties in the present mode of convey ance from the interior, and referring to the less fa vourable districts where cotton is partially cultivated, he says : Thera remains the central portion of India, comprising the Deccan, the South Marotta meetly, the dominions or the Mum of Hyderabad, and Wee of the Rajah of Nag pure. Draw a quadrangle, whose angles are in the follow ing latitudes and longitudes: N.W. 7 71 &W. S.E. This figure includes a country which has always supplied largely cotton to the rest af India, of which every quarter has Woo shown capable of supplying cotton fit for linglish am, and from which we have received, or are now receiving it, although in emparatively small and insufficient quantities. The extent and ca pabilities of the country so defined are such that to supply 60 per cent. of our manufnctures would re quire but that one field in eighteen should be cultivated with cotton for exportation to Rowland ; a supply sufficient to re lieve our dependeuce on America would require but one field in thirty six. This country supplies 31 per cent. of our consumption, and might easily supply 30. The sole reason why it does not Is the want of suitable means of carriage; for, oppressive as the land tan is in the Nixam's dominions, yet, even with that land tax, it grows excellent cotton at 11d. and often at Huh per lb. In 1845 the "Great lodine Peninsular Hallway Company" was formed and provisionally registered, since which period negotiations have been going on between the company and the court of East India directors, without any successful issue to the present time. Without facilities of transit from tho into rior of India to the shore, the produce of her cotton-fields must be alike valuate. to the native producers and to the English manufacturers. What effete the mann facturere of Lancashire affects the interests of Eng land; and as the oourt of India directors come before parliament in 1851 for a renewal of the campany's charter, it would be well for them to consider whe ther throwing obstacles in the way of improvements, called for alike by the interests of India and England, is their best course for securing their desired object. A more powerful mono • poly than even that of the East India Company fell before an agitation commencing with the Man chester manufacturers. There is a moral in the storv. Memorials from mill-owners in Lancashire, Brad ford, and Glasgow wore, daring the recent session of parliament, presented to the Board of Trade, recom mending the encouragement of emigration to New South Wales and Port NataL The first-named colony, according to the Rev. be. LANG, is cat able of pro decing good cotton between the latitudes of 29 de grees and 10 degrees south ; while Port Natal, accord ing to Mr. BLiiit, who has just returned after a four years' residence in the colony, hi admirably fitted by soil and climate for the cultivation of cotton, a sample of which the memorialists state they had received, that in their opinion, in point of quality, " left no thing to be desired." As in the use of India, so in the case of Natal and Australia, we see iofiuenoes at work to accelerate the solution of the question whether these provinces are likely to be made available sources of cotton sup ply. The facts adverted to in the Express of the 14th instant, in the article on the alarming preponderance of the " dangerous classes" in Irish society, pointing to the necessity of oar ex pensive Irish emigration, may accelerate the trans mission of a large population to Natal and Australia. If the climates and soils of these provinces be as favourable to the growth of cotton as is alleged, and if arrangements are possible by which free labour can be made to produce cotton as economically as slave labour, there can be no doubt that both, and especially Natal, may soon become an extensive cotton export ing country. Bat once for all we must enter our protest against any attempt to promote cotton cultivation either in India or in the colonies by government grants, or by re currence to a system of protection. If, left to the operation of the natural laws of trade, and freed from obstructions interposed by narrow-minded govern ments, the production of cotton can flourish in the countries we have named, it will undoubtedly be at great gain to our manufacturers—an ad:talons' se curity against short-oomings in cotton crops, from the influence of adverse seasons or other causes. But a hot-house cotton production, stimulated by artificial regulations, manured by cart.loads of the public money, would be a loss instead of a gain—a straw or rui n to lean upon, not a trustworthy prop. t, NG, SEPTEMBER 1 18, 048.