The Express. — London, England, 1851-07-03 00:00:00

IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT. HOUSE OF CONIMONS.—WEDNEDAT, JUT 2. Tie AAAAAA took the cha;r at 12 o'clock. PRIVATE BUSINESS. lima CON SI ozmiu.--Cubitt's Estate; and Wceord Frcc Briii; Edit. PUBLIC BUSINESS. NOTICES OF MOTIONS. Mr. MUNTZ gam notate theism Tuesday, the 22nd of July, be would move for the appointment of a select com mittee, to hydra Into the donametleamoecianected with the improper seisure of the Novelle. r:HUME gave notice that, on Tuesday next, he would move fez papm relative to the parks M and about London, with &view a instituting inquiries into the enormous ex pellees Warred in oonneaion therewith. Mr. FRESIIFIELD postponed until to-morrow (this dap) the question which he had intended to put to the noble lord at the head of the government as to the course whisk ha (the noble lord) intended to pursue in reference to the aneiredments which had been carried on the Ecclesi astical Titles Assumption Bill. BRITISH OCIANA. Mr. G. BERKELEY begged to move the adjoumment of the horse, ia ceder that he might have an opportunity of addressees • few words to the treeintry beach. It would be in the recolleetioa of the house that he had twin: endea- Inured to call attention to the officers o f the West India r010111”0, and that yesterday he had put • question to the tinder Secretary for the Colonies, with respect to the report of the commissioners appointed to enquire into the state and prospects of British Guiana. The substance of that report was very remarkable. rhe SPEAKER interrupted the hon. member, and said tint he was out of order. lle was stating no reason fur the adjournment of the house. Mr. 0. BERKELEY did not intend to trespass long on the house, bat he was of course subject to the Speaker's hotter judgment. He understood that any hon. member who named the adjournment of the house had • right to address a few words on any subject. (No, no.) If the boas. would permit hint be should be able to set right what stood beliee the country Mr. W. PATTEN (interrupting the hon. member) roes to order. if such a practise became general the whole business of the house mi,cht be stopped, particularly on Wedneeday. It was complained that private members meld not get their business Nought on, and there were several members waiting who had their papers put off till that day. He suggested to the boo. member that it would he much better to put his question on Friday in the regular way. /dr. HUME said his hon. friend (Mr. G. Berkeley) had just ground of complaint ; and. as he had not been able to attire another opportunity, he had adopted the course which he had pursued that day. lie advised him, how- Wier, to bring the matter forward on Friday, and, that swing • government day, the question might be withiu the Me. W. PATTEN did not think it a fair mode of pro uder* to make • motion of adjournment simply to get eametking below the house. Mr. O. BERKELEY mid it was as fair as the practice pursued by government when they wished to get rid of a metion—which was not to come down to the house. (Hear, hear) la deference to what seemed to be the sentiments of the balm, he would withdraw the matter in the mean time; but he would take the earliest opportunity of bring ieg U forward. ECCLESIASTICAL. RESIDENCES (IRELAND) BILL. Mr. NAPIER, in stating the object of this bill, said that them were forty-one statutes which constituted the code regulating the building and maintenance of ecclesiastical residences in Ireland. These statutes lie wished to have =demon complete and satisfactory, but in endeavouring I to do this be had taken rare not to interfere with vested sights. At present, owing to the great number of statutes, sad their curious and complex character, great confusion prevailed. This confusion he wished to remedy, and he she wished to put the requirements of the law on a more I just and equitable fouling. By an act passed in the reign of William 111., when a party built a mansion for the pur possoof • benefice, he was allowed to expend on it one and a half year's income, and thanes two-thirds of the espenee against his successor. This law had been subse quently modified, and as it stood at present the allowance was two years* income if the building were on a new site, and one and a half year's income if on an old site. What he (Mr. Napier) proposed todo in the new hill was to 111t1k1' two years' net income the limit of ex penditure in all caws ; the cum to he recovered from the successive holders art the benefice about the rate of two per rent. per annum, and the party expending the money in the first instance to enjoy the residence free of charge for a certain number of years. By this method the liability would more equally distributed, and every person would pay his fair propunian. 'Then there was a power given in the bill of raising Lunde by mortgage to be repaid by easy instalments. This was preferable to the prise vet mode of taming money by oiequestration. The neat part of the bill related to perpetual earach., and these he proposed to put on the same footing as other livings, vie., to allow them to expend two pars• income on building of residences, the amosat recoverable in the manner he had already pasted out. Further on, again, there was provision made iu reference to repairs. Nothing email be more merciless than the present state or the law as regarded dilapidation. Whes a clergyman died his family, who hail scarcely the mesas of supporting themselves in decency, had often • charge made airaiu.t them for dilapidation. What he tMr. N er) proposed on this point was to &Iliad the power of ring a commission to inquire as to bow far repairs were neceesar) lie concluded by m uvinu that the licele- Residences (Ireland) Bill be read a second time. 'rhesecond reading was agreed to. CHUltellEs AND CHAPELS (IRELAND) BILL. On the motion of Mr. Naples., this bill was read a second tine. UNITED CHURCH OF ENGLAND AND IRELAND BILL. On tho motion of Mr. this bill won olso runt • wood time. I'IIAILMACY DILL. lir. 3. BELT., after presenting a number of petitions from various parte of the kingdom in favour of the bill, moved the second reading of the measure. The object of the bill was to improve the qualifications of pharmaceutical ehoinista, and to establish the principle that all persons who made up prewriptions in medicine ought to be educated and pass an examination. If it were requisite for physicians to undergo a lung education and pass a series of cumin,- thine in order to understand what remedies to prescribe, it wan of course equally requisite that the persons who cum poiladed the medicine should he qualified also. It WAS re cogniaed 200 years ago. In 1617 the lint incorporation of apothecaries took place. The apothecaries at that time held the position which was now occupied by pharmaceu tieal chemists; they were vendors of drugs and dispensers of medicine. In 1846, the hue Sir A.tley Coop er when examined before the parthimeutary committee, sa id it was necevory to enforce comminutions, and that if they were not enforced, the profemion would never lie one of much use to the public. In promoting this bill it was the inject of the pharmaceutical body to avoid the error into which thu apothecaries fell, namely, to give a medi cal to it. The honourable member for Osfordsbire objected to the bill, in the first in stant:, un the ground that it would interfere with a large class of traileseneyead might seriously injure audivistuals who had a vested Wenn in the trade, and the hon. member said further that the bill was to grant a mo nopoly of a trade in favour of particular persons. He hoped he should be able to show that the bill was so frankest as to steer Intone these two reeks. It was not so ttrin gest in in provision IN other bills which had been introduced. It did got Dispose a penalty on any person for selling en rimed of rhubarb or of Sprat salts; it simpl y gave • penalty against a person mmuning a name that did not be lose te him. It would, of • certain time, be prohibited to perms not qualified to mama these names, but after a DINS had commenced business in a particular department it would be a sasailest injustice for the law to step in sad prevent his getting his daily bread, consequently any im provement that would take place under this bill would be eradnal, and would nut be much apparent until ten or twelve years berme. Ile was told that the bill ought to love been brought forward in conjunction with a re died bill, sad that a medical hill was a matter , orient* difficulty. It waa on this account that care bad hen taken to make this bill mainly distinct, and that be hoped it would pass with ay alight alterations that might he tatrodured is COMINININI. It was also objected that • hill of this sort ought to have emanated from the Home- Mace. He would not attempt to answer that objection, but IV WOWS say that ha would not have introduced the moaning if he mild have prevailed on the Secre tary of State to undertake it; but during the last eight yearn every effort had been made and istitioas had been presented, praying for a biU of that sort to be uktroduced, sad as the subject was not undertaken by the house, and as her Majesty's ministers did not undertake I', Imbed brought it in himself ; and he was quite sure that it the measure be now proposed was carried it would be be neficially, the public. Mr. HUMS ' without undervaluing the advantage of iltaellinat, opposed this bill, which would intrudes* I another el mint Of abbireirobest into the general lines tem. It win as attempt lossaallia a fourth medical body, a via the seapmy, and to pwer oft authorising invest that valuate pisodse :ye Ile. AL soffarlod tin hill, which, he said, had ask slot wish No elf ghlost apposition out of doors. The iftresres pewided is serials localities amongst per- saes whe aallad ehealsee—sons of whom could diMlggelr bitable Mite nil mad Spina salts—placed flee m bra the la VW te prow persona act in; as hat digeasing ehemins. and civilises sail hod ohs bass mistiswed. lir. BULL ord. able WI Winded *sea all. Mr.IIIOILWE rev s dim =l, 4 egg th e bill wee mot re to interfere gal ths was et bet, if that were so, the bill would be = Zf v : p a ose he leary.moot that every penwaVrid ". Ins e. be sunset sl t e am dr Mogi dieghseper rest& be sabpset to bemire he odd emit sort edigewe end miry thine veri meal is the asighbeasheal. Mk O. 0112 T obsened dna thie roe a siatiret af • eery easplipord arse% whisk ahead arsidseed erir iin rift got of woad riding recoialleas. Ile esaviend is Ur. Ikon Arlin to the modes of • araea a voluntary body,eri with 11r. nigh^ es Seth, in the way of Isviiing anarale daßaiNuaa, ITie= however, would searat to the bill brag hereafter rm. Whirl pro forms, sat sot mak the boner to proceed fa - ther with it this sermon, he should not oppose the second reading. Its. lOARDWILL reocaresaded Mr. Bell to accept this progral. rid that gestkma esessittlag, the bill, with this ahw a her womb red ri a .l = l tisse. The bill was read a second PUBLIC HOUSES The second reeding of the was moved by Mr. F. MACKENZIE, who, have the principle of the measure . tend to press it to a more advanced stage during the retail to• -•-- 3k. HUME moved as an amendment that the bill lowa a second time that day three months. . /Met a discamion of the principle of the measure, via - retie - Ea To its ri-bittodtiction neat session, - - - Mr. F. MACKENZIE withdrew his motion. BURGESSES AND FREEMEN'S PARLUMEN. TART FRANCHISE BILL. This bill passed through committee. VETERINARY SURGEONS' EXEMPTION BILL. This bill was read a second time. HIGHWAY RATES BILL. The report on this bill, with amendments, was agreed to, and the bill was ordered to be reed a third time this day. ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION BILL. The report on this bill also, with amendments, was agreed to, and the bill ordered to be read a second time this day. The house then went into committee upon the County Courts Farther Eitension (Compensations) Bill, when a reso- lution was agreed to ; and afterwards resolved itself ea* into committee upon the Medical Charities (Ireland) DM, the details of which occupied the house some time. On the motion of Mr. C. Lewis, lease was given to Whe in a bill to make further provision for the conveyance GT mails by railways. The bill was read a first time, and dr house adjourned at sir o'clock. PAIRS. Col. Chatterton, in favour of Mr. Disraeli's and Mr. Fuller's motions, with Mr. F. French, against —Lord Drumlanrig, against Mr. Baring's and Mr. Disracli's motions, with Sir J. Pakington, in favour.—Lord Guernsey, in favour of Mr. Disraeli's resolutions, with the lion. E. R. Littleton, against. —Mr. S. H. Walpole, in favour of Mr. Disraeli's resolutions, with the Right Hon. H. Tufncll, against—Sir P. Nugent, in favour of Mr. Disraeli's resolutions, with Mr. 11. D. Seymour, against. —Sir It. Lopes, in favour of Mr. Disraeli's motion, with Mr. Trelawny, against —Sir M. Cholmeley, in favour of Sir F. Thesiger's motion, with Mr. Trelawny, against.—Mr. Stanford, in favour of Mr. Bar ing's motion, with Sir E. Bunton, against—Alderman Humphery, against Mr. Disraeli's motion, with Lord Barnard in favour.—Mr. Dupre, in favour of Mr. Disraeli's motion with Sir G. Dashwood, against —The Hon. E. R. Littleton, against Mr. Baring's motion on chicory, with Lord Guernsey, in favour. ANALYSIS OF THE DIVISION ON MR. DISRAELI'S MOTION. Majority (tellers ineliteled)— Liberals 21 t tives 3O 214 Minority (tellers included)— Proteetiosids. 121 laPis. . 2 Hsi Brigs& - 131 PUBLIC EDUCATION, GREAT BRITAIN. An estimate of the sum required to be voted in the year 1851 for public education in Great Britain -150,000/. Expences to be provided for in the course of the year ending March 31, 1852: — For grants towards the budding, enlarging, and furnishing of school-houses, elementary and normal £55,000 For grants to aid the managers of elementary schools in the purchase of books, maps, Bc. For grants to pay the annual stipends of pupil teachers, and gratuities to the schoolmasters and schoolmistresses instructing them 75,000 For grants in augmentation of the salaries of schoolmasters and schoolmktresses who hare ob tained upon examination certificates of merit, and whose schools have been favourably reported upon by her Majesty's inspectors For grants to training schools on account of students who have resided not less than one year in them, and who have obtained certificates of merit at the annual inspection For the current expenses of Kneller 11sU, in - eluding salaries 3,000 For salaries and travelling expenses of inspectors 21,000 For salaries of three examiners Fur grant to the National Society For grant to the British and - Foreign School Society For grant to the Education Committee of the General Assembly of the Established Church of Scotland For salary of statistical clerk and supplemental clerks (the rest of the gaff being charged on the estimate fur the I'rivy Council office, No. 6, Class 2) Total £186,380 • K. K. W. LISOEB. Downing street, March 1, 1t451. The balance TeMainitu upon the grants of former Tears, with the grant of 154.1,0007. now proposed, will be sufficient to meet the cipenditure fur the year ending 31st March, 18.52. RIOT AT RATIIKEALE WI A violent instate and riot (says the Limerick Reporter) took plate in the workhouse of Rathkeale, on Sunday last. The dietary, as it is called, of that house is on the most reduced scale ; for breakfast, to able bodied men, eight ounces of In dian meal in stir-about, and twelve ounces of Egyptian corn and barley-meal railed in equal proportions for dinner, and one ounce less, both at breakfast and dinner, for full-grown women. The riot was at one time ex. tremcly violent. In the main workhouse grown men ate but a small minority—that class, as I said before, are quickly transferred to the hospital, the infirm ward, or the two shilling conln. The active rioters were mostly women and young boys, who kept up a continued shower of stone* on all who approached the workhouse gate, which they had lucked and barricaded. Mr. John Brown was severely pelted. Mr. Collins, stipendiary, having ventured in, was detained, and on his attempting to get out by opening the gate he was severely pelted, and would, it is not unlikely, have been seriously injured, hut for the intervention of Mr. Leahy, the master of the establishment. Mr. Fitzgibbon, the clerk, who is greatly respected, Archdeacon Fitzgerald, endeavoured in vain to restore order, and at length the police and military (52nd Foot) forced their way, under a tremendous shower of stones, about 2 o'clock, in the yard of the workhouse. The captain commanding the detachment of the 52nd showed no less determination than humanity. Ile deemed it unnecessary to load, and was the first to enter at the gate, which had been forced open with the greatest in trepidity, under a tremendous shower of stones, by Sub-Con 'table Jasper. The moment the gate was forced, all resist ance ceased, and the soldiers showed the greatest forbear ance. Not so, lam sorry to say, the police-constables,some of whom were seen to beat the unhappy paupers in the most brutal and unwarranted manner. A boy named Kean, an assistant in the hospital, who, being a sort of anofficial, and wholly unconnected with the riot, sat on a wall thinking himself quite secure, was dragged down and brutally beaten by policemen, in spite of the earnest remonstrances of Mr. Collins, who was on the spot, and who asked them in vain not to ill-treat a:prisoner. Another policeman was, on the investigation trday, called up to prosecute rioter. His whole evidence consisted in stating that he had knocked down the prisoner in the hall. The clerk of the mien, Mr. Vitalises's, described the man so knocked down as his ablest salletwit is trying to restore order, sad this who imi thus confessed before the bench immesitted an outrage on an unarmed and im pious. walked off the bench proud of his schive rst, a ft Is bat fair to say that some of the police had hue. severely, hut that formed no justilleatiein of the violence to prisoners and innocent peresso. SOOTHERN WHALE 1:1911ERT COMPANT.—Oh Mon off, a special meeting of this company was held at the Lon a* Tavern—J. 1). Poole., Esq., in the shair—for the "wpm of giving further information to the shareholders dna dr meeting in February. A repot was read, which NNW that the commissioner, on his retsina from Peet Row, had found all the affairs of the company underlies oust of Mr. Mackworth in a very eatistanney state, compsay's servants in the enjoyment of goad health and spirits. The Earl of Harderieke was reported eff Howe's Island, with 80 barrels of sperm oil. But few bleak whiles had been seen about the islands ; and it was feared little would be dose this season, as the New Zealanders were proceediag to cultivate the lands for potatoes. The Gover nor of New Zealand had visited the company's settlement, and eiperoesi his satisfaction at the arrangements In De cember last the Samuel Enderby returned with 191 barrel' of sperm oil, the produce of months' voyage. On the 7th of January a large shoal of black whales entered the bay, and being driven up Laurie Harbour, 54 of them were captured, and yielded 51 hovels oh oil. Several of the other vessels had also taken a foie proportion of fish. There were in January last, at the settlement, 49 men, 19 women, and 26 children. Enderby Island had been surveyed, and its Ikagth was totted to be about 21 miles. The report was adopted, and seemed to give much satisfaction to the meeting. llocunarta DIOCESAN FEMALI MAIMING INDUS TItt•L INSTITICTIO:4.—Yesterday the foandation - stone of this institution 11 , 111 laid by the Bishop of Rochester. The Eastern Counties Railway ran special trains to and from Shoreditch to Bishops Stortford. The intended bolidiag has been designed by Mr. Clarke, of Stratford-place. It 1 in the Elizabethan or Tudor style of architecture, composed of brick, with Bath stone borders to the doors, windows, : gc. and has a chequered front, similar to the great hall in I EinColts's.ints and the buildings of Hampton Court Palate. The extreme elevation will be 43 feet, length 220 feet, and depth lde het. It comprises an infant school, dining-hall, meassa's apartments, &e., sod will cover an area of 2i , stew. The estimated cost is 9,0001., towards which the iharmed Society have subscribed 600'., and with the go verment great the subscriptions amount to 4,1001. A imam sum of 441. 12s. 3d. was collected yesterday at the shush dew. —• AXIIRIGATE RAlLWAY.—Yesterday afternoon, a ominoi mor e of the shareholders in this company was held at the Hu - Image-ha, Nottingham, for the purpose of confirming tke forfeiture of 1,633 shares, and also to em power the directors to sell them and other forfeited share., or otherwise to dnynss, of them. Mr. kishop occupied the choir, and a resolution was passed, authdrising the directors to deal with the forfeited ammusting, altogether, to 26,496. HIGH WATIR AT LONDON BRIDGE Tins DAT-461=ft. P. Iluk Trearaw—/bashig. 81.111a..........aftenea5. 6s. to. LONDON. 171U1SDAY, JULY 3. AMONGST the estimates yet to be discussed are those relating to Education, Science and Art ; the total amount of which is 435,9201.; that being 21,1181. more than the sum voted for the same purposes in 1850. Of this amount, 284,5601. are proposed to be voted on account of Public Education in Great Britain and Ireland; in the proportion of 130,6001. to the former, and 134,360/. to the latter; those figures constituting, in the case of Great Britain, an increase of 23,0001., and in that of Ireland of 9,3601.; =ntations that will be sanctioned by nearly the force of public opinion. It is of the English vote only that we wish to speak at present; and, in order to render our re mark. MOM intelligible, we have elsewhere inserted tb edisate ; so that our readers may have before dim at least a general outline of the expenditure of He ammittee of the Privy Council on Education, whose laborious and useful labours, so far as the pub lic are concerned, lie far too much entombed in the two bulky octavo volumes annually laid on the tables of parliament. These volumes contain the principal correspondence which the committee have carried on in the past year with the various religious bodies assisted ; with the inspectors on the principles and details of their important duties ; and with any other persons who may desire information or volunteer suggestions on the matters involved in the committee's adminis tration of the parliamentary grants. In them are also given the new minutes of the committee, the or ders of council sanctioning those minutes, full parti culars of all the expenditure, and the reports of the inspectors on their various districts. The first feeling that arises in going through these volumes for any year is that the administration of this vote and of what is much more important than its pecuniary amount, its subject, is very insuf ficiently provided for. In Whitehall, the whole burthen of the education department of the state (for to this the administration has come) is really borne by Lord LANSDOWNE, a secretary, and one or two efficient gentlemen; all of them very ill remunerated. Under its weight the health of the late secretary, Sir KAY SIicrrLE WORTH, gave way; and in opening the volumes for 18.50-31, we find evidence that incessant work and responsibility are already beginning to tell upon his successor, Mr. LINGER. W hilst, if we turn to the Inspector's reports, we may there re cognise an amount of labour, and toil, and responsi bility thrown on those officers which converts edu cated gentlemen into mill horses, and substantially treats them as machines out of each of which a cer tain quantum of work is to be extracted, and then the frames are to be thrown aside as useless. In this service, an experiment really seems to be going on, how long paralysis, neuralgia, or some other harass ing complaint, or a general break up of the persons employed, can be staved off, or rather, perhaps, how much labour can be extracted from gentlemen of zeal, ardour, and great intellectual capacity, before they are, to use an expressive phrase, used up. There cannot be worse policy than this ; and, in so cutting or keeping down the efficiency of the public department, government has mistaken the spirit of the economy required by the country. there is no indisposition to pay good men well for real services ; there is no wish to starve any useful department of the state ; there is no desire to lower the public service in the estimation of persons competent to perform its duties. The objection is to unnecessary offices, needless offi cers, and great functionaries too highly paid ; such, for instance, as the Railway Department of the Board of Trade; the LORD CHANCELLOR'S seven secretaries; and foreign ambassadors with great hotels and greater incomes. In short, the country objects to jobbing expenditure as opposed to use ful expenditure ; and the government perversely insists on reducing the useful, apparently for the purpose of retaining the jobbing expenditure. In 1830, however, the Committee of Council seem to have felt that tho administration of the public money entrusted to their care required in one respect more strength, for they added one inspector and two assistant inspectors to their existing staff. And a wiser step could not be taken: for these inspectors are the life and being of the whole system; they not merely see that the public grants are properly and profitably laid out, but they constitute the means of co-opera tion between the state and tho church and the managers of schools for the improvement and exten sion of elementary education; it is very much on their discretion and judgment that the future and better supply of teachers must depend ; and that the supply be constantly kept up to the demand, when that has once been reached. It has been objected against the Privy Council office that there is in it a hypercritical, dogmatical, and repulsive spirit. A perusal of the two last vo lumes will, we think, quite remove any such impres sion ; for conciliation, a desire to afford assistance and secure co-operation from all quarters seem to be the prevailing characteristic of the correspondence. The National Society, for example, applies for an annual allowance for Its Battersea Training School. In reply, the committee shows the society how five-eighths of its cost, or 2,5001. a year, may be ultimately secured out of the pub lic resources by means of Queen's Scholar ships ; and, whilst objecting to the principle of fixed payments to schools as having a tendency to prevent the introduction of improvements therein, and laying down the safer rule that each training school ought to be paid for its yearly work, nevertheless the com mittee, under the existing special position of the Battersea school, agree to give it 1,0001. for the present year. So, too, when the Bishop of WIN CUESTER seeks for exemptions from the general building rules in cases of schools for very poor districts, the committee decline to comply with his request, but instead announce their wil lingness to judge of each case of a poor district on its own special merits. And, so, when the established church of Scotland takes alarm at some supposed inclination to the free church in the appointment of an inspector, nothing can be more courteous, conclusive, or satisfactory, than th e man ner in which the impression is removed. For the church to complain of the privy council is the height of ingratitude. Out of the total of 25,0841. granted in 1850 for building and improving' .chool houses, the church had 20,004/. ; out of the 1,8784 granted for school books and maps, church schools had 1,424/. ; out of the 96,190/. granted to schoolmasters, pupil teachers, and monitors, the church received 85,8321.; in short, the parliamentary grant is in substance a grant to the church. Not, however, because of the favour or affection of the Privy . Council ; but simply because ' of the superior organisation of the parochial system of the church for all educational purposes. , I The schools so assisted by the committee, and liable to its inspection, afford accommodation for 414,105 scholars; but the average attendance in 1800, out of the 2,163 inspected, did not, in 1850, exceed 225,389. So that, apparently, there is at present a considerable surplus of school accommodation. Thi s i s , however, mere apparent than real ; as for practical purposes, the school-room is in these sta- I tistics calculated on proportions too small ; so that, if we take that into consideration, and add the aver age attendance at the 360 schools, of which the figures are not given, the extent of unoccupied school-room is not in reality so great as it looks. The character of the attendance is, however, very disheartening. 3.5 per cent. consists of children under 7 years of age • only 12 per cent. are upwards of 10. The great bulk of the children therefore enter those schools at a time when any premature linstruction must obstruct their growth, on which mainly depends their future maintenance; and they . . THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY E Cr, \ . .. words front Wk. *wart, ' isw BY I t iett eqt soliat•mral ib Integra/ se the t \ 467 . •L „P g r r ",,":. i tai\g",:= ll "" • minds, and affection time pro L iattdingAt i N i •- - CO, , ' T 1,,, H. The cause of this is (SCOT ) L. • . . 1 Putlie• dead A View it W 1; owooseltiolo Iwob feeelan, hada labour. But, ill all Genera N, BST Parrs. IllwirsaM tw_Jons Lawn. 4 1 r; ".' lir -.4;.„ . •-• ' • . ,Pabillie e ilis elks oc?immoom sirs I, boarar..(4o, cave 90 early migh ho stated thrabwwWiled onl? . /a •-•• - 11M10 dinned, and did not in- -- —-- might be fitted fo rancedstage during the present Este eyorto. better account, wit sphere in life. miendment that the bill be read . months. .1 C...., , i ~, e... j,. ,• , . . , satisfaction we n rinciple of the measure, with ._..... _- TO CORRKSPONDIOCTIL "My Lora* aro on next session. - & ft . - m a wind . Ti. up.," sootayw. b. ~,,im e , this branch of indt thdrew his motion. " Gaweltelardisina awry 'Tuesday MI /May aialti, la Use lion the hire of la EEDIEN'S PARLIAXEN- toe sera vivimuma ti n i i i l ir ~ Th . u m . L o .d., Eve.be Taper , one-half its rent—tu qCHISE BILL. met es at dm OM. to, Bouwwwwlroot, b 7 Two o'clock ow Ow of tools. ommittee. day at pealleadaa. With better mast • a • JULY 3, 1851. e titae when their charatters, and affections may be moulded and formed. - is is, of course, the value of youthful G all probability, that inducement to early might be greatly checked and abated of industrial day schools, where the learner fitted for turning his future labour to better account, without prescribing definitively his sphere in life. It is, therefore, with great satisfaction we rcad the announcement that My Lords are very desirous of encouraging this branch of industry ;" and are willing to sane ;lion the hire of land by village schools—to pay one-half its rent—and to defray one-third of the coat of tools. With better masters the inducement to remain longer at school may, it is to be hoped, increase ; and in this point of view the importance of the great ex periment now making by the committee of Pupil Teachers and Queen's Scholars, is most important. For in education the first thing to secure are masters who have something to teach ; and next, who can teach. And with teachers attractive to scholars, under whose tuition children make visible and obvious progress, the attendance at school will be prolonged. At all events the education of a whole nation is a great and mighty undertaking, which temporary disappointments and small progress at first must not arrest. It is itself a science yet in its infancy. The privy council, the inspectors, the clergy, the ma nagers, are themselves at school ; and it is only when experience shall have taught them the best methods that the work will go bravely on. That at last lewd' do so, let uo one doubt WHEN, in 1848, Prussia, sailing with the popular tide, abolished much that was old and superan nuated ; when she declared herself favourable to German unity and a national representation ; when she not only consented to change her old diet for representative chambers, her despotic monarchy for a constitutional one, and her provincial and muni• cipal diets for more modern and responsible forms; she did so to the joy of all German hearts, and with the sympathy of liberal nations. Now that Prussia, in 1831, sailing against the popular tide strives to undo that which waa so quickly executed, or restore that which was so easily destroyed, difficulties arise which astonish by their magnitude and obstinacy, so stubbornly do they im pede the progress of ministerial or governmental agency. To restore provincial diets and municipal assemblies, with their eeignorial rights and all the exigencies of an aristocratic party, seemed easy when the possible interference of a legislature was set aside by indefinite adjournment. Yet see how quickly an apology was made for a measure against which public feeling was at once excited and expressed. It is, perhaps, comparatively easy to re move the odious form which has been set up in place of the old idol ; but to set up the idol itself again, defies all the efforts of those who make the attempt. These are not, however, the only difficulties which beset the path of the Prussian government in its endeavour to restore old institutions at home. In its struggles to resume those relations which it had with other German states, Prussia has found many stumbling blocks impede her progress. When l'russia thought that the Frankfort diet had been abolished for ever, she naturally considered all the barriers set up by that superannuated assem bly destroyed and swept away. In this old diet Prussia had no more right than Bavaria or Saxony to make war or peace without the consent of all the states of the confederation. That right which was withheld from her by virtue of her adherence to the confederation, was, however, always attainable through the non-German states, such as Po merania and Posen, which had not been incorporated. Austria too, through the possession of Hungary, Lombardy, and her numerous non-German states, virtually possessed the right of peace or war, which for Austria proper was dependent on the will of tho diet at Frankfort. Thus Prussia and Austria had an advantage in common, which to the remaining states of Germany was entirely denied. When, however, after 1848, Prussia foremost led the movement for German union, and enthusiasm was at its height for that which was never to be realised, Prussia's non-German states were incor porated with Germany, and became part of that great scheme which, after much struggling, has re mained unfinished. Great is the change that has come over the dream of Pnissian policy since the days when this incorpo ration took place. The old reign of pemiques and protocols is sought to be revived. Prussia has re joined the diet which Austria brought back to life ; but she does so at an evident disadvantage. The incor poration of her non-German provinces in April 1848 gave her votes in the national parliament; it deprives her of an important right in the revived diet. The conferences of Dresden came on meanwhile, and Austria claimed the right to have her provinces incorporated. The result would indeed have been to deprive Austria of the right to make peace or war, but the natural force of things would have given her so much . preponderance, that the loss of the right was quite immaterial. What need was there of a right out of the confederation which could be wielded within it? The result was too obvious. It would have been suicidal for Prussia to have permitted the diet to be swamped by Lombardy, Hungary, and all the Selavonian provinces annexed to the crown of the Hapsburgs. To avoid giving a pretext for such a' step, she now demands of the Frankfort protoeolisers that her non-German states should again be sepa rated, and resume their ancient position, and Austria loses her most plausible argument in support of a measure, the passing of which has been the unceasing eflOrt of her diplomacy for months past. It is evident from this step of the Prussian government, that there is no foundation for the oft repeated figment, that Prussia was ready to consent to Austrian incorporation, if English and French protests were withdrawn. Prussia never gave any such consent, and this is conclusively proved, if indeed proof is necessary, by the step just taken at Frankfort. It remains to be seen how the demand of Prussia will be received, and whether Austria will relinquish without a straggle an advantage which it so adroitly gained by reviving the diet of Frankfort. Austria has been vainly endeavouring to pass a pea through the eye of a needle. Prussia has been holding up the needle, and looking on while Austria made the vain attempt. She now withdraws her assistance. It remains to be seen whether she may not again be compelled to give it, and hold the needle while Austria continues her experiment. Indeed, it is already whispered that Austria requires that the same unanimity which presided at the incorporation should exist to permit the disincorporation. This looks like a challenge, not consent. IT is a good sign of the intelligence and self-de pendence of any class, when its members begin to meet and take council for the maintenance and pro motion of their common interests. Entertaining this opinion we have always been friendly to the conferences of the labouring classes, though not un frequently mortified with the crude notions and rash turbulent spirit which has from time to time cha racterised their deliberations. It is with something of the same mixed feeling of admiration and pity, or blame, that we have contemplated certain recent movements among our literary workmen, and in par ticular, the great meeting of authors, publishers, and others, in the Hanover-square Rooms, on Tuesday last. There cannot be a more just and worthy object to struggle for than the establishment of an interna tional copyright. If there be one commodity, the production of which is more a valid title to entire ownership than another, it is a valuable work in art, science, or literature. Works of these classes so immeasurably transcend all others in value, that every possible encouragement ought to be held out to their production ; and they are so entirely the cre ations of the respective authors, that their right of property in them is more complete and unquestionable than can be the case with any others. Had the meet ing of Tuesday, therefore, been really and solely , con vened to promote the recognition of the author's ex clusive right of ownership in his own works in all countries, its proceedings would have been entitled to universal sympathy. And such was, doubtless, the aim of the distin guished and accomplished author who presided, and of many others who attended the meeting. But in this shuffling and equivocating world of ours men are often hoodwinked into promoting objects very different from what they i mag i ne themselves to be labouring for. On the present occaaion it must be levident to every one who coolly and dispassionately 'reviews the proceedings of Tuesday, that the ingeni ous authors who countenanced them by their coun tenance and co-operation were little better titan un conscious tools in the hands of parties seeking . to raise the wind to defray the legal expenses in , eurred and to be incurred in defending pira tical encroachments on American copyrights. With the exception of the speeches of the chairman and one or two others, the argumentation turned upon the amount of money that had been paid by Mr. :MAMAS for American copyrights, and of the expense to which Mr. Born had been put to de fend himself for haling printed the works of Ameri can authors without giving them any remuneration. The business of the meeting was wound up by a re solution to commence a subscription to defray the ex pense of an appeal to the House of Lords to reverse the decision which declared foreign authors resident abroad entitled to British copyright. This resolution is tantamount to a declaration that the purses of English authors ought to be taxed to support English publishers in pirating the works of foreign authors. We shall be told, no doubt, that this is merely an act of retaliation, and that it will accelerate the recognition of international copyright by the Ameri cans. With regard to the former of these allega tions, we would remark that the retaliatory inflic tion does not fall upon the real culprits. The Ame rican publishers have (many of them) acted most un justly towards English authors, but is that any rea son for punishing American authors? The American authors have suffered by the piracies of their pub lishing countrymen, who prefer reprinting English works, for which they pay nothing, to printing American works for which they would have to pay something. And American authors will suffer by the retaliation, which will infallibly diminish the money value of their works. As for the allegation that the proceedings of Tuesday will have a tendency to accelerate the recognition of international copyright by the Americans, it betrays great ignorance of the state of American society and the character of Ame rican citizens. The authors of the United States have no political influence, but the printers and publishers of the United States are au influential body. Again, the general public throughout the Union is more anxious to have its reading cheap titan to have it of national growth. Lastly, the Americans might be induced by this country "s recognition of their authors' right of property in their own works to rival us in generosity ; but such proceedings as those of Tuesday will only irritate and render them more obstinate in ill doing. _ _ View; similar to these were ably stated to the meeting by Mr. ERNEST JONE'4, Mr. NIATIIEW, and others. But a majority of those who voted resolved to encourage a system of book piracy in Great Britain, by way of reprisal for American book pi racies. t'agc resolution! The piratical publishers on both sides of the Atlantic must laugh in their sleeves to see the simple authors playing their game. Our trade unions have made many lamentable blun ders, but none of them can exceed this of the new trade union of authors. Luckily the egregious resolutions of the meeting are not likely to have much eftbet. Sir LYTTON Iit:LAVER, we have no doubt, is by this time quite aware of the trap into which he has been beguiled. The most distin6nushed members of his own guild" absented themselves, or opposed him. And among his most prominent supporters were the greatest English book pirate of the day and his solicitor. Even had more of our English hernia. been beguiled, we cannot conceive that any English tribunal could be induced to set aside the just and generous deci sion of Lord CAMPBELL. Let other nations act as they will, English authors can atrord to act honestly, on the maxim of doing to others as they would be done by; and English judges will maintain the authors and artists' right of property in their own creations. We have intimated that it would give us pleasure to see the rights of authors recognised and enforced by all nations. We fear, however, that that ever sanguine race rather over-estimate the benefit they would derive from an international copyright. It is only the imaginative class of authors, those in whose works the artistical form is everything, who would derive any advantage from it. Men of science are not plundered by reprints of their works, but by vulgarised epitomes of their results. And even among our poets, novelists, and dramatists—those whose emoluments are likely to be much enhanced by a universal law of copyright are a small minority. The SCOTTS, 11 VUONS, and WORDSWORT lIS hall ACK - ERAYS, DICK ENSES, JERBOL DS, and ItutwEns—who are worth plundering, bear but a small proportion to the luckless venturers whose productions must, under all circumstances, bring in returns of fame and money very inadequate to the labour expended on tkem. It is, however, no palliation of injustice and robbery that there are comparatively few whom it is worth while to rob. FRANCE. THE PRESIDENT AT POITIERS. PARIS, WEDNEIIDAY EVENING. The journey of the President to Poitiers has not been attended with the Mot of the trip to Dijon, either in a good or bad sense. The reception of Louis Napoleon by the population on his route was cold and silent ; and his speech, although remark ably sensible, is tamer and less expressive than those which arc generally delivered from what the l'resi dent has called his tribune. The text is reconciliation, which sounds well when the preacher is prepared to sacrifice to his doctrine; but, although there is no reason to doubt the sincerity of the President, his sincerity is put in a false position, when he recommends indirectly the prolongation of his own powers, while exhorting to the highest civic virtues and invoking mutual peace and good-will among all parties. Lxamining the speech in detail, the first striking expression is the allusion to the popular will freely expressed, as being the means of saving the country. Some will see in this a protest against the law of May. He then invokes revision as a final settlement, which is to reconcile all rival interests. Under the words " passions," " exigen cies," and "elements of di s o r d er , he strikes at the parliament, the dynastic pretensions, and socialism. The next paragraph announces a truth pretty well known to most people, that France would attain a much higher state of prosperity without her intes tine disunions. The President then draws a just distinction between the fruits of the monarchy and those of the revolution; but in both he dwells on the unity of France, clearly pointing at the concentration of sovereignty in the hands of the executive power. He then takes the opportunity of paying a round of compliments to the people, the clergy, the magistracy, the army, and the notabilities in art and science, and even the As sembly. Ilis quotation from the Emperor is pointed and expressive. The speech winds up with a grace ful allusion to the historical reminiscenses of the lo ' cality, where the victorious Prince of Wales won his noble device of "Ich dien," by waiting upon the cap tive King of France at his incaL The grand halt in the journey was made at Tours, where a breakfast was prepared by the railway com pany. Over the head of the President was niched a striking resemblance in marble, by our talented countryman, Mr. E. Jones, who gave the President an opportunity of showing him a civility by losing his railway ticket, and being consequently invited to join the President's train. The President paid some ; high compliments to another Englishman, Mr. Mackenzie, the contractor for the line, and offered him the Legion of Honour. Soon after leaving Tours, the train made a halt, to enable the President to view a magnificent work of art, con sisting of a viaduct of 69 arches across a valley. At the approach to Poitiers, pieces of artillery were placed on the heights on either side, and commenced firing a salute, The President was received at the terminus by the mayor and other municipal authori ties, the superior officers of the garrison, the Bishop of Poitiers, and a large number of the clergy. The bishop, after a religious ceremony and the usual be nediction of the engine, delivered an address, in the • left tots own course of which he compared soci e ty ' its ,unbridled passions to the headlong course of a steam I engine running wild on the line without the control of its driver. After the religious ceremony had been concluded, the President mounted on horseback and proceeded to the Hotel de Ville. ; The feeling displayed by the people of Poitiers was certainly rather more enthusiastic than on the other part of the route ; but, on the whole, although the President was treated with the greatest respect, his reception seas not so warm as at Dijon. lie after wards received th e military, civil, and judicial autho rities. RV banquet had been fixed for half-past six, but it was near half-past seven before the company sat down, and nearly half-past eight before the speech was delivered. The banquet had been prepared at the large hall of the Pulais de Justice, formerly the Palace of the Comtes de l'oitou, which was fitted up with great splendour for the occasion. The walls were hung with blue and white drapery, intermixed with groups of tri-colour flags. Covers were laid for about 400. At the right hand of the President was the Mayor of Poitiers, and on his left the Vice-President of the Republic, followed on either side by the ministers and civil and military digni taries. Military bands were stationed at the end of the hall, who kept playing during dinner. At the dessert, the Mayor of Poitiers gave the following toast :—To the President of the Republic—to tho glory and to the prosperity of the Republic !" The President replied in the following words: Monsieur le ?faire,—Be my interpreter with your tAlow citizens for their reception, so attentive and cordial. Like yourself, I regard the future of the country without fear, for its salvation will come always from the will of the people, freely expressed, religiously accepted. (Cheers.) Accordingly I invoke with all my wishes the solemn moment when the powerful voice of the nation will prevail over all opposition and reconcile all rivalities. (Cheers.) For it is deplorable to behold revolutions shake society,accumulato heaps of ruins, and still leave standing the same passions, the same exigencies, the same elements of disturbance. (Cheers.) When one passes through France, and when one beholds the varied richt, of In -r coil, the marvellous products of her industry; when one admires her rivers, her roads, her canals, her railways, her ports, washed by two seas, one asks what degree of prosperity she might not attain if a durable tranquillity permitted her inhabitant♦ to concur with all their means in the general good, instead of giving themselves up tointestine dissensions. When, under another point of view, one contemplates that territorial unity which has been bequeathed to us by the persevering efforts of royalty, that political, judicial, administrative, and com mercial union which has been bequeathed to us by the re volution; when one contemplates that intelligent and laborious population, animated nearly wholly by the same belief, speaking the same language ; that venerable clergy, which teaches morality and virtue ; that upright magistracy, which makes justice res pected; that valiant and discipliaed army, that anow•s only honour and duty—(clieert.)—tinally, when one conies to appreciate that crowd of eminent men capable of guiding the government, of illustrating the assemblies, as well as the sciences and arts, one asks with anxiety what are the causes which prevent this nation already so great, from becoming still greater ; and one is astonished that a society which contains so many elements of power and prosperity should expose itself so often to ruin. Is it, then, true, as the Emperor said, that the old world is come to an end, and the new one not yet firmly settled. Without knowing the future, let us do our duty to-illy in preparing for it solid foundations. (Cheers.) It is gratifying to me to ad dress these words to you in a p•uvince renowned at all epochs for its patriotism. Let us not forget that your city was, under Charles VII., the focus of an heroic resistance ; that it was during fourteen years the refuge of the nation ality in France when invaded. (Cheers.) Let us hope that it will be once more one of the first to set the example of de votion to civilisation and to the country. I give a toast, "To the city of Poitiers." The proceedings in the Assembly to-day were in teresting, and the result quite unexpected. M. Cha pot's bill for regulating the right of petition was tho subject of debate. An amendment proposed by M. Selneicher allowing women to petition was, to the universal astonishment, adopted. In conse quence of this disfigurement the bill was thrown out in the vote on the etisesib/e. The Elyseans were disgusted with it because M. Base had caused a clause to be introduced, obliging functionaries to designate their employments. On the other hand, the Mountain objected to it because the whole bill tended to restrict liberty of petition. Finally, the majority, considering that the admission of female signatures opened a door to endless abuse, and entirely vitiated the principle of the bill, threw it out. The affair of I.emulier against M. Curlier has been called on this afternoon at the l'alais de Jus tice. M. Curlier's counsel contend that as M. Eugene Forcade was employed by him us his "subordinate," and was to receive 500 francs for his report, M. earlier, as prefect of police, is not by law responsible. Great importance is attached to the use of the word "sti&ardonis , " by M. earlier in this matter, and it is supposed that much will turn upon it. The report of M. Reacher (du Calvados) on potable liquors was distributed yesterday. This important document, which has been preceded by two volumes of documents, takes a view of all the legislation now existing on the subject, not only in France, but in the other states of Europe. The report also shows the progress of consumption, both in France and else where, and then examines the question of the duty and the various changes which it has undergone. Last of all, the report mentions what resolutions the committee has come to on the subject. The most important of these are the reduction of one-half the entrance and octroi duties, and in the augmentation of the license duty. The reporter declares that in all probability the resolutions of the committee will not go as far as many persons would wish, but he expresses his firm opinion that the decision of the committee is in conformity with the general interests of the country-. The Committee on the Lyons to Avignon Railway examined yesterday a new proposition, presented by one of its members, relative to a system for farming out the line, designed to furnish funds sufficient to continue the works. In the end this proposition was set aside. The committee appears inclined to persist in the system of M. Dufaure, on which M. Dutournel has proposed a modification aiming at a mixed sys tem of farming out the line. The improvement which has taken place at the Bourse to-day is attributed to the calming tone of the President's speech. The Fives closed at 94.2:4 with a rise of 50 cents. The Threes rose 30 cents., and closed at 56.84. SPAIN. The report on the bill for the settlement of the debt was read in the sitting of the 27th ult. The debate would commence on the 30th. The Chamber of Deputies continues to discuss the vote of confi dence. The Minister of the Interior will appoint a dal for answering interpellations relative to the seizure of newspapers. TURKEY AND EGYPT. The Paris C'onstitutionnel says :—" The difficulties which have arisen between the government of Con stantinople and that of Cairo are not yet arranged. The most grave questions--those which had given rise to the calumnies in Turkey against Abbas l'acha and his ministers have, it is true, completely disap in the presence of a simple inquiry into facts ; t e u s t r ll l e demands of the Porte as regards the internal administration of Egypt still subsist, and the Vice roy, in virtue of the treaties of 1840 and 1841, whilst he protests that he is desirous of adopting for his country the most useful reforms, refuses to consent to the establislunent, without any previous transition, of a constitution which, although proclaimed twelve years ago, has not yet been put into vigour." VENICE, Juxx 27.—1 t is expected that the in auguration of Venice as a free port will take place on the 11th of August. SARDINIA.—The Chamber of Turin has voted the supplementary commercial treaty with France by 81 to 31 votes. LETTERS FOE ITALY. - GENERAL POST-OFFICE, Jugs, 18.51.—0 n and after the lst July next, letters ad dressed to Sardinia or Tuscany, may be forwarded by way of France, either unpaid or paid to destination, at the option of the senders, and the existing regulation, under which such letters may be paid to the extreme frontier of France, will be abolished. The following rates of postage will be chargeable on these letters, viz. weigh ing under a ounce, British, ; foreign, Bd.; weighing ounce and not exceeding ounce, British, sd. tlforeign, Is. 4d. ; exceeding i ounce and under ounce, British, 10d. foreign, 2s. ; weighing f ounce and not exceeding I ounce, British, 10d. ; foreign, 2s. Bd. ; exceeding 1 ounce and under ounce, British, Is. Bd.; forcip, 31. 4d. Tuscany : Weighing under a 1 ounce, British, 3d.; foreign, 111.; weighing 1 ounce, and not exceeding ounce, British, sd. ; foreign, Is. 10d. ; exceeding mine., and under ounce, British, 10d.; foreign, 2s. 9d.; weighing f ounce, and not exceeding 1 ounce, British, 10d.; foreign, 3s. Bd. ; exceed ing 1 ounce, and under II ounce, British, Is. Bd. ; foreign, 4s. 7d. From the same date, letters for Southern Italy— vie.: Parma, Placentia, Modena, the Papal States, and the Two Sicilies, will, as at present, be forwarded by way of France and Sardinia, unless otherwise directed, but the postage cannot be paid in this country on letters sent by that route. They must be posted unpaid. i I 1