The Express. — London, England, 1847-10-27 00:00:00

ir !MT t.-., presidents the propriety of reconsidering their reso lution not to form their classes until the buildings shall be completed. Government certainly made an excellent choice of officers, when it nominated Sir Rouzser KANE and Doctors KIRIA'AM and HENRY to the presidencies of the new colleges. The selection of vice-presidents has been almost equally happy. Dr. RYALL, the Vice- President of the Cork College, during his recent inspection of the buildings, was for the first time introduced to the community with which his career is now cast, and it augurs well for the pros perity of the new college at Cork, that he made the most favourable impression on his future fellow-citi zens. His well-earned reputation, uan educator at Birmingham, with his manly and attractive character, will go far to obtain public confidence in the institu tion of which he will have the joint direction with Sir ROBERT Kase, There is a laran' snit wealthy protestant population in Cork ; and OA government chose a distinguished catholic in Sir ROBERT KANE, for the presidency, it was only right to conciliate pro testant support by the choice of a learned member of the Church of England like Dr. RYALL. The success of the new colleges in Ireland is an object on which the best hopes of the most judicious friends to Ireland are fixed. Now, for the first time, is a vigorous effort being made to rouse the dormant intellect, and bring into action the mental powers, of the Irish catholics. Its sectarian character, a. well as other causes, prevented Trinity College, Dublin, from being instrumental in educating the catholics ; and even, for the protestant middle classes, the line of studies pursued at that university was not well adapted. The great fault in all efforts at education in Ireland was in not considering the actual circum stances of the country. The Kildare-place Societe exhibited an amount of enthusiasm, only to be equalled by its fanatical anxiety to proselytise the peasantry. It was ready to give poor PAT plenty of instruction, on the simple condition that he should follow religions practices disapproved of by his church. In vain was protestant eloquence displayed for education in Ireland, while its partisan character negatived its well-meant but most errone ously planned efforts. The middle classes, both catholic and protestant, have been left hitherto to the desultory teaching of volunteer instructors. The minds of the intelligent youth in Ireland have not been subjected to the chastening and invigorating process of systematic academical culture. - The sooner that the new colleges are brought into action, the better it will be for the growing class of young Irishmen. There is at Cork at large institution formerly supported by the go vernment, but which now exists is a very declining state. We should be glad to see the library and museum of this " Itoyal Cork Institution" handed over to the new college. The history of this institution is worthy of special notice. It was originally founded some thirty years since by the spiritual exertions of a presbyterian clergyman, the Rer. TnomAs lIINDEq, an admirable man, who exercised in his day a most valuable influence, and who, in advanced years, survives to see the benefits resulting from his well-spent life. By the exertions of this gentleman, government was indaced to vote annually the sum of 2,:i00/. for the support of this Cork Institution. Lectureships were founded, and professors of the various sciences appointed. By the charter of incorporation a large portion of the funds were applied to agricultural instruction. - - But tho institution comparatively failed. It was directed chiefly for the adult population. The lec tures delivered were of too advanced a character for young persons ; and men in the active pursuits of rrovincial life, merchants, attorneys, and shopkeepers would not leave their business to attend lectures. The• professors were often to be seen actually can vassing to get together an audience. Government saw that the institution was a failure, the grant was discontinued, and the Cork Institution is now supported in the very Irish fashion of " mistaking its capital for its income," as SHERIDAN says. To sup ply the annual loss on maintaining the institution, a certain portion of their funded property is sold out by the proprietors, and it is calculated that in this way it may drag on a miserable and moribund exist ence for fourteen years more. At present, and as now carried on, it does very little good. The institution presents, however, the nucleus of a fine library, and a museum. It possesses a very good collection of casts, originally given by one of the late Poins to GEORGE IV. There is also some philoso phical apparatus and miscellaneous property tun mutated tram the former grants so liberally made by government. If the property of this Cork Institu tion, founded by public grants, were assigned in trust to the responsible officers of the Cork College, the work ing of the new educational institution would be greatly expedited. So little interest does the local public feel in the " Cork Institution," that it has only sonic forty sabecribers. The proprietors are tenants of government, which has but to turn them out of their holdings to bring a rapid ruin on the establish ment. Under such circumstances, the proprietors will probably see the wisdom as well as the necessity of placing the library and museum in the care of the president of the Cork College. By doing so the original object of their institution will be attained. For it has been found by experience, that in order to diffuse knowledge efficaciously in Ireland you must begin with boyhood. The character of the middle class in Ireland is not like that in England and Scotland, en terprising, inquisitive, and self-relying. In order to mould the character of the Irish population the be ginning must be made upon the younger portion of the community. An adult class brought up without an appetite for knowledge cares little for libraries or A portion of the following appeared in our last evening's paper : The chief burden of our Paris tidings is Reform, banquets in honour of which continue to be held in the provinces, and this agitation has now acquired dimensions too formidable to be held in contempt or neglect by the government. M. Guizot, however, will do nothing for reform that he can by possibility avoid, nor indeed will any cabinet, over which the pre sent sovereign of France exercises an influence. It is expected that a few administrative improvements, and the abatement of a few of the most flagrant abuser, will be sufficient to allay the present outcry, and to stave off for the moment any further change. The Union Monarchique persists in its statement of the intentions of the Bank of France, is relation to the approaching loan. That journal says : The conned of the Bank of France has decided that the bank should take part in the new loan to the extent of 21 millions. This decision was preceded by a very warm dia. cussion. Several members maintained that it would not be very proper or dignified for the Bank of France to take an interest, in a degree subsidiary to a private ban king-house, in a loan the conditions of which it had neither discussed nor regulated. Notwithstanding these observations the majority pronounced in favour of a subscription for the tenth part of the loan, at whatever rate it might be taken by M. do Rothschild, who thus remains sole master of the condi. tions. What is remarkable is that this decision was come to en the report of M. Ilottinguer, whose name was the only one at first pronounced at the Bourse as likely to be at the head of a comnany of French bankers to send in a tender in opposition to M. do Rothschild. The Algiers journals, which have been received to the 20th, give the following proclamation of the Duke d'Aumale addressed to the Arabs and liabyles : The Duke d'Aumale, son of the King of the French, Gs verner-Oeneral of Algeria, to all Arabs and Kabyles, great or small, greeting. The King of the French, whose projects may God throw a blessing on and crown with lIICCC/14, has confided to me the government of the kingdom of Algiers from the frontiers of Morocco to those of Tunis. You have learned by experience, 0 Mussulmons ! bow power ful and formidable is the arm of France, and how just and clement is her government. 'You have obeyed the immutable will of God, who gives empires to whom ever he pleases on earth, you have made your submission to the marshal, and you have had proofs of the kind ness of his government ; you must remember that he honoured the great, protected the feeble, and was equitable to all. Nothing shall be changed in what he devised, and what he established shall be maintained; for he never did other than what was well, ar.d he only acted ac cording to the will of the King of the French. It is the King who ordered him to be great and generous after victory ; it is the King who decided that your property and rehgion should be respected, and that you should he governed by the principal men amongst yoorselves, under the beneficent au thority of France; it is the Xing, whose goodness is inex haustible, that so often pardoned those senseless mcn who, under the influence of perfidious counsels, broke the promise which they had sworn to us. They have since recognised the vanity of their efforts, and the band of God has struck them even in the foreign land where they sought • retainer. Return thanks to God for having given you the riches and enjoyments of peace in exchange for the irre parable evils of war. It is to give you n still more marked pledge of his good intentions that the King of the French has sent me amongst you u his representative in this land, which lie loves equally with France. I have already lived amongst you; I know 'our laws and customs, and ill my acts shall tend to augment our prosperity and that of the Wintry. You are aware that oar word is es steadfast as our I force is irresistible; you have felt the terrible power of our arms; you have appreciated, and you will continue to do so still more every day, the benefits of our friendship. Those amongst you who h►ve remained faithful to their oaths have prospered, whilst such as have perjured them selves have suffered so many afflictions that the heart bleeds for them. You know the only path that Cu. lead you to happiness, and God will inspire you with wisdom to perse vere in it. Fsrewell. - - Holiness, and that he is to proceed thence to Washington on en extraordinary mission. The congregation of re vision, computed of • cardinal as head, four prelates as councillors, and of an equal number of lay councillors, is about to be suppressed ; the council of deputies will have its attributions. Prince de Rovigno has been charged with the task of drawing up a code of regulations for the navy. Count Carlesehi has been placed at the head of the customs. Father de Sandia, one of the most able men of the time, who at first was a warm advocate of the cause of Italian reform, and who afterwards embraced the opposite views, being dreadfully annoyed by the fact of his not being able to obtain a bishopric, has abandoned the catholic religion and turned protestant. We have now here at Rome M. Granier de Ceasagnac, formerly editor of the Globe, and afterwards connected with the Epoque. It is stated that he is charged by M. Guizot to found a French journal here, the columns of which are to be open to all the inspirations and views of tor, The new inurnal which is to be °Mt". at home of the present French ministry, is to bear the title of the Courrier de Rome. _ _ The communication between London and Paris will soon be still further expedited by the opening of the Amiens and Boulogne line of railway u far u Neste, a place within a short distance of Bou logne. Thu is fixed for the 13th November. Some delay was apprehended by reason of the accident which lately happened to the viaduct at Etaples, but M. Friart, the government inspector, has ascertained that the effects of this are not such as to produce further delay. The Madrid mails of the 20th did not arrive in Paris on Monday. We have letters and journals from various parts of Italy. The advices which arrive from Naples, proceeding exclusively from private sources, continue to be ob scure, contradictory, and unsatisfactory. By collating them there appears, however, to be reason for con cluding that among the advisers of the sovereign there are some who entertain a lively conviction that measures of political and administrative reform alone can extricate the country from its pre sent couslition, and who have not hesitated frankly and fully to express this opinion. We reported some time since the advice given to the crown by the minister, San Angelo, and the re tirement of that minister from the royal councils, in consequence of such advice being rejecled. The same reports are now again revived, and it is added that the minister has reduced his proposition to a definite form, and presented to the King a cabinet suited to carry out his project :—Foreign Affairs and President of the Council, the Prince of Soordia ' • Interior, San Angelo; Justice, Parisi; Worship, Prince Compo Franco; Finance, Bianchini ; Agriculture and Com merce, Prince Santa Elia ; War and Marine, Del Carreto. The last named is an obnoxious retrograde, but one on whose presence in the government the King insists. The Heidelberg Uazette of the 21st says, that at the moment of going to press, it has received, from a source worthy of confidence, the news that the cities of Palermo and Messina have adopted the cause of the insurrection, and that the royal troops in these gar risons have either fraternised with the people or withdrawn. This statement must, however, be taken with caution. Letters quoted by Le Conuneree, dated Sienna, 16th inst., say that news had arrived there of a fresh movement which had taken place at Messina, and which appears to have reference to the event men tioned above. The insurgents had rendered them selves masters of the city, and obliged the troops to retreat into the citadel. 'Die Calabrians were reported to be still in full insusrection. The atrocities reported to have been committed by the Neapolitan government against the insurgents produced so much irritation at Leghorn that the populace attacked the office of the Neapolitan consul, and tore down the royal arms of Naples from over the gate, and trampled them under foot. Reparation for this was of course demanded of the Tuscan govern ment. Letters from Turin say that on the evening of the 20th M. Thaen della Torre (of the Austrian party) resigned the governorship of Turin, and was replaced in this important post by the popular minister, NI. Villa Marina, whose late retirement from the ministry of war was followed by universal regret. It was said that in returning to office M. Villa Marina has ob tained the King's promise to effect several most important reform: ' among which are included a gene ral amnesty and freedom of journalism. Ordonnances for these were expected soon to be promulgated. The Italia, a Roman journal, says that it can assert with confidence that the Austrians were to evacuate Ferrara on the Bth, and that Cardinal Ciacchi had entreated the citizens, in the name of his Holiness, to abstain from any clamorous demonstra tion on the occasion. How little confidence can be placed in such an nouncements may be collected from the fact that ad• vices have arrived from Ferrara to the lath, which say that instead of evacuating the city the Austrians have doubled the posts and even outraged the inha bitants. A young man having passed near an Austrian sentinel, the latter gave him a thrust of his bayonet. A struggle ensued, in which the soldiers of the guard house fell upon the youth and struck him with their swords. A priest who interposed for his protection was also maltreated. The people, irritate?, collected round the guard-house, and the Austrians fired on them. On this, the people would have sounded the tocsin and taken vengeance, but Cardinal Ciacchi in terposed, tranquillised them, and caused the young man, who was severely wounded, to be taken care of. Austrian patrols, horse and foot, overran the city during the 13th. Letters from Rome of the 17th announce that the Pallas, which had been arbitrarily seized and sus pended, had reappeared, and liberal opinions had triumphed. Cardinal Ferretti was expected to re turn on the 18th. The conditions on which the council of state is established are freely criticised in all circles, nor is the approbation manifested alto gether unqualified. The want of guarantees is com plained of, nor is the play of the elective principle as free as many could have desired. The sentiment of gratitude to the Pope is, nevertheless, so much the more warm and unanimous, as it is known that the original project was much more liberal, especially as respects the control to be exercised over the budget ; but through the intrigues and baleful influence of diplomacy, the conditions were changed and the whole rendered less liberal. The members were de-' nominated deputies in the original project, instead of couneillors, as at present. The publication of the decree of the Pope for the establishment of a council of state was followed, as might have been expected, by strong demonstrations of popular enthusiasm at Rome. The following re port of the proceedings wh'eli took place at Rome on the 9th (the 15th), is taken from the Roman Adver tiser of the 16th : His holiness this morning (the lath) left Rome for his palace of Castel Gandolfo, on the lake of Albano, not to re main, as has been the habit of his predecessors, during the mouth of October, for some weeks, but to return on the same evening. His desire to reduce every personal expense to a standard of strict economy has been the motive of this alteration in the habits of the court, the accustomed sojourn at Castel Gandolfo (where, only a small and inconvenient town adjoining the palace, all the requisites for the household had to be brought daily from Rome) having been attended with heavy costs. This evening, for some hours before his holiness was ex pected, the street. in the direction of the Porta 8. Giovanni began to be crowded ; detachments of between 100 and 200 front each battalion of the civic guard marched towards that gate to receive him with military honours. The crowd on the Piazze of the Quirinal became denim as the night let in ; the adjacent Ruspigliosi palace was illuminated, and multi tudes were seen lining every roof whence a view was com manded. The approach of the holy father was announced by the noble guard galloping on the piazza, and the distant shouts as he passed among the crowds lining every street. As the chariot entered the palace, a Bengal light was immediately kindled from the opposite roof, and &netts< r when his holiness reappeared with the usual at tendants and torch-bearers on the balcony, after the lapse of about a quarter of an hour spent by the people in constant clapping of hands and crying of rivas. AU knelt whilst the benediction was chanted, and the finest conceivable effect was produced by the bursting, first cf bluish, then of deep red light, over that vast throng and the stately group on the balcony. At the close of the sacred ceremony the accla mations were prolonged and fervent, and the holy father lingered some minutes, as if to look down with fondness on his children, whose affection for him has proved itaelf to be far more deeply rooted than the emotions of an excitable multitude are commonly supp.:eed. The publication of the edict for the council of state gave occasion to another demonstration. The enthusiasm and con course of those who took torches, or attended as spectators on the Ours of the Quirinal, was not inferior; the sublimely beautiful effect of the whole, and the fervour of acclamations that followed the benediction, if possible, greater than on the former occasion. Each of the provinces was represented by a banner bearing its name, and surmounted by a wreath of myrtle and flowers. On a more ample standard was in scribed : " Consults di State comma immortal, Pia 1 X. it giorno, 15 Ottobre, 1847." Ilia Holiness appeared much moved, and remained on the balcony some minutes after the benediction, repeating the sacred sign over his Pc ^Me llo Pope has requested that the cams subscribed for the erection of monuments to him throughout his states shall be applied to the more useful purpose of erecting an asylum for aged persons at Rome, each province having certain rights of presentation. A correspondent of the 12th says: The Prime de Canino is still tinder arrest in his pal ice. It appears that proceedings are being instituted against him. It is said that Mgr. Ferriero, who was chargi d'affaires at the Hague, is to be sent to Constantinople to pris.'at to the Grand Be:snior the compliments of his A letter in a Marseilles paper states, however, that the Pope has refused to authorise the publication of this journal. The Marseilles correspondent of aulignani's Mes senger has forwarded the following extract of a letter, dated Florence the 19th, which has been received at Marseilles : " The protests of the inhabitants of Fivizano and Pontremoli, against the arrangement with the Duke of Lucca, which transfers the former to the Duke of Modena, and the latter to Parma, occasion great anxiety. The people appear resolved to oppose all attempts at possession by the troops of Modena and Parma, and have already destroyed the bridges and parts of the roads, to prevent the arrival of artillery. As the Duke of Modena has only an army of 800 men, he cannot venture upon an attempt to subdue a population of 43,000 persons re solved upon a vigorous resistance, and rely ing upon support from Pisa, Lucca, and Leg horn, where the people have been excited in their favour by popular orators. Austria will thus find a pretext for intervention, and a easus Lelli may arise notwithstanding the elf nts of diplomacy to effict a friendly arrangement. The Grand Duke of Tuscany has offered to purchase the territory of Fivizano, but it is not supposed that Austria will permit such a transfer, as Fivizano is in the defiles of the mountains, and is of great importance in a strategic point of view. You have probably heard of the insult offered at Leghorn to the Neapolitan consul. This affair WAS considered of sufficient importance to induce the Count de la Rochefoncault, the French minister at the court of Tuscany, to set out in great haste for Leghorn." A letter from Florence of the 18th, in a Marseilles journal, states as a positive fact, that Lord Minto is charged to deliver to the King of Naples the ulti matum of England against any intervention in the affairs of Italy by Austria, even if demanded by the Neapolitan government. Letters from Milan of the 11th report a sanguinary conflict, which took place on the night of the ith, be tween the Italians and the Austrians composing the corps which attacked the people on the Bth and 9th of September. This quarrel, it is said, originated in the mutual reproaches which they addressed to each other, the Italians accusing the Austrians of wantonly shedding the blood of their countrymen, and the Austrians reproaching the Italians with conniving at the proceedings of the populace. In this affair five Austrians and sixteen Italians were wounded. The advises from Berne arc to the 22nd. The letters and journals are filled with reports of the assembling and marching of troops throughout the seven Catholic cantons, and messages to a like effect were sent to the Diet by the federal executive. Oa the night of the 17th, Lucerne ordered its troops under arms. The militia of that canton, of Schwytz, and Zug, were summoned for the 19th, at noon. The troops of the Valais had marched to reinforce those of Uri ; an expedition from Obwald occupied the Brunig, and preparations were made to in vade the Fretamt, a Catholic district of the canton of Argon, in the expectation that the population would rise and join the league. In the face of these movements the canton of Zurich demanded that the federal government should con cert measures of defence and not leave the cantons to isolated and independent action. The letters from Berne report a curious incident which occurred to Mr. Peel, the British minister. Yest,rday evening, the 21st, as Mr. Peel was returning on foot from a party in the suburbs of Berne, he was rudely stopped by a sentinel. Mr. Peel asked him if he understood French ? Tho man replied in that !anguage that he did so perfectly ; but in German desired the minister to follow him to the guard-house, and there lodged him witheut any regard to his station. Mr. Peel in vain exhibited his permit of residence, and was detained al hours, subjected to the insult of rude and gums language. Ile was not released until an officer of the police tame in and recognised him. Mr. Peel laid a complaint before the Governor of Berne, but it was, it is said, treated very lightly by M. Ochsenbein, and it is expected that the repreientativo of England intends to demand a more suitable satisfaction. If it be true, but which we continue to doubt, that the government of the Free-Corps has found some sympathy in the representative of Great Britain, it oust ho confessed that it answers to this very badly ; and this simple feet is quite enough to give the measure of the respect m which our liberals hold personal liberty. The cantonal government of Lucerne had refused to receive the federal commissioner deputed by the diet • to attempt to effect an arrangement with the cantons of the league. Nevertheless, the other commissioners had departed for their respective cantons. M. J. Fazy, who had been appointed commissioner to the Valais, declined the mission, his presence at Geneva being rendered necessary by the affairs of that canton. Since the above was written, we have received a full report of the proceedings of the cantonal govern ment of Lucerne, in relation to the recent measures of the Diet. The executive council of the canton, awaiting the arrival of the federal commissioners de puted by the Diet, had resole ed: Firet,That they should be received by the Sehultheiss, in the name of the government, who should inform them that the depu ties of the canton had full instructions and power to vote and act, in the name of the canton, on all federal questions, and that the commissioners could not be permitted to enter into direct communication with the cantonal go vernment on such matters, nor could the grand coun cil be convoked for that purpose ; that the circulation of the proclamation was interdicted, and that all in habitants of the canton who might lend themselves to such a purpose would be arrested and prosecuted. Se condly,that the commissioners should be received with all the respect due to their office, and should be attended by a guard of honour and an officer of ordonnance. Thirdly, that these resolutions should be published and communicated to the staff. AUSTRIA.—HUNGARY.—Yearn, Ocr. 16. The installation of Archduke Stephen as 06ergespan, or Supreme Count of Hungary, took place with great ceremony this day; Archduke Francis, as Imperial Commissioner, being present at the ceremony, and making a speech in the Hungarian language, which was received with the greatest enthusiasm. Great rejoicings took place on the occasion. BAVARIA.—Murnen, Ocr. 21.—At the sitting of the Bavarian Chamber of Deputies held on the 10th, a motion for the total abolition of lotteries was made, and unanimously adopted. The Minister of Justice announced that the new code of laws for Bavaria was so far advanced that it might be presented during the session of 1818, or at latest in that of ICI9. It will establish the oral examination of witnesses and publicity of trials in the courts of law. Towards the end of the sitting. Baron de Clowns, a member of great consideration in the chamber, made an eloquent appeal in favour of the Duchies of Schleswig.Holstein, at the end of which the whole chamber rose, in expression of its sympathy on the question. P. , OLAND.—WARSAW, OCT. 14.—The Emperor of Russia, who had started, u has been stated, on a tour of in spection round his provinces, has deteratioed to return, frightened, no doubt, by the cholera. ilc left Wllllllll on the 11th inst., for St. Petersburg. THE LADIES' CHARITY SCHOOL — Yesterday the usual haltyearly meeting of subscribers to this charity was held at the school-house, John-street, Bedford-row, for the purpose of electing two children into the charity. John Masterman, Esq., M.P., the treasurer of the institution, presided. The school was formerly situated in King-street, Snow-hill, but, in consequence of pressing representations on the part of their medical advisers to change the site of the school from that crowded locality, the friends of the charity endeavoured to raise funds to build a new school-house, The aura raised, 1,4001., was not found adequate, and at the tame time the funds of the charity so fell off, that the managers were obliged to draw on the building-fund to meet the cur rent expenditure. The result was, that instead of building new premises, the lease of the pr, sent house was purchased, and a balance of about 6001 remained.—Mr. Nutt now pro posed, and Mr. Deputy Bedford seconded, a resolution for the purpose of appropriating this surplus to the general pur poses of the charity, securing to the subscribers all the privi leges they would have derived, if the money had been applied to the purpose originally contemplated. The resolution was unanimously adopted ; es were some of a formal character. The names of the strcessfal candidates arc—Sarah Ralph, who had2•J7 votes; and Sarah Doast, who had 2.7 votes. Mr. M'Gregor, M.P., and a deputation front Glas gow, had an interview with Lord J. Russell yesterday at his official residence in Downing-street. THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 27, 1847. Cbt Court. - WINDSOR, TUESDAY.—The Duke and Duchess of Bedford, the Earl and Countess of Westmoreland, the Right Hon. Sr R. and L►dy Peel, and Mr. Brjoke, took their departure from the Castle to-day. A deputation from the City of London, consisting of Mr. R. L. Jones, Mr. Deputy Harrison ' Mr. J. Dixon, Mr. T. H. Hall, Mr. Condor , and the City Itemembriuscer, had an interview with the Commissioners of her Majesty's Woods and Forests yesterday, at tkeir office in Whitehall place. Mr. Pope, Speaker of the }louse of Assembly of Prince Edward Island, and Mr. E. Palmer, M.P P., a depu tation from that colony, had en interview with Earl Grey yesterday at the Colonial-office. Meltsre E. Palmer J. Askew, W. GriEtt, otzrry, E. i,iiisisson, R. Moser, A. a. alueociu (architect), W. R. Glazier, and G. Corner, a deputation from St. George-the- Martyr, Southwark, had an interview, yesterday. with her Majesty's Commissioners of Woods and Forests, on the necessity of taking immediate steps for the commencement of forming a new street through that unhealthy and depraved district, the Mint. A deputation from the operative cotton-spinners of Lancashire, consisting of Maus. G. Johnson, H. Turner tsolton), and J. Kasai° (Ashton), accompanied by Mr. C. Hindley, M.P., had an interview yesterday with Lord John Russell. A deputation from the Windsor, Staines, and South Western Railway Company. consisting of Mr. Chaplin, M.P., the Hon. F. Scott, M.P., the Mayor of Windsor, Mr. Reid, Mr. Chadwick, Mr. Campbell (secretary to the South Western Railway), Mr. Drake, and Mr. Horn, had an interview yesterday with the Commissioners of her Majesty's Wools and } °rests. A deputation from the Junior United Service Club, consisting of Major Pole, Capt. Clarke, Mr. Maclaurin, Capt. Baron and Mr. Delmar, had an interview with the Commissioners of her Majesty's Woods and Forests, yes terday. A deputation of the Quadrant Improvement Asso ciation, consisting of Mr. l'oulson, Mr. Mom, Mr. Snosell, and Mr. •Newton (secretary), had an interview with the Commissioners of her Majesty's Woods and Forests, ytsterday. Mr. Guthrie had an interview, yesterday, with Earl Grey.—Mr. C. K. Murray had an interview, yesterday, with L•ird John Russell. Mr. Snwerby and Mr. Campbell had also interviews with his lordship yesterday. The Metropolitan Sanitary Commission held a meet ing at Gwyrlyr-house yesterday. Despatches for the Governor of Gibraltar were sent off, yesterday evening, from the Colonial-office. [From last night's Casette.] WHITEHALL, Oct. 23.—The Queen has been pleased to order a congel claire to the Dean and Chapter of the cathedral church of Manchester, empowering them to r lect a bishop of that see; and late Majesty has also been pleased to recommend to the said Dean and Chapter the Itev. J. P. Lee, A.M., to be by them elected bishop of the said see. FOREIGN -OFFICE, Ocr. 26.—The Queen has been graciously pleased to appoint Capt. the Hon. R. Gore, R.N., to he her Majesty's charge d'atfaires and consul general in the Oriental Republic of the Urugua7. DOWN ING-STREET, OCT. 26.—the Queen has been pleased to appoint Sir E Imund Walker Head, Bart., to be Lieutellant.tiovernir of the province of Nr w Brunswick. Her Majesty has also been pleased tai appoint Sir Donald Campbell, Bert., to ha Lieutenant-Governor of Prince Ed ward Island. Her Majesty has further been pleased to appoint John Des Marital, Esq., to be Chief Justice, and Sidney Billing, E•q., to be Queen's Advocate and Police Magistrate, for her Majesty's settlements in the Gambia. IV/MAN CATHOLIC lIIERA.RCHT ne ENCLAND.—AII the documents relating to this long•debated question among the catholic clergy in England arrived in London yesterday. The Right Rev: Dr. Walsh, heretofore vicar &posh lic of the midland district, is now Archbishop of Westminster; Dr. Wiseman, who it was expected would occupy that position, is to be Bishop of Birmingham. The title of vicar apostolic is to be abolished, and the bishops are to be called after their rcspective Sal—such for instance as Bishop of Northampton, now held by Dr. Waring. Preparatory to the further increase of the number of bishops by four more, the division of England into a 'treater number of bishoprics is under the consideration of his holiness. There area's° to be created one or two more archbishoprics, and it is not improbable that cre long all the arrangements respecting a nuncio from Rome will be effected. NEW POSTAGE REGULATIONS. 141 . ORTANT TREASURY WARRANT. In last night's Gazette the Lords of tho Treasury publish a warrant ordering certain rew regulations respect ing the bulk and weight of letters transmitted through the post. Respecting the bulk of letters it is directed, that on and after the 10.11 of November next, no letter which, in length, or breadth, or width, or depth, shall exceed the di mensions of two feet or twenty-four inches, shall be forwarded by the post between any places within the United Kingdom, nor by the post of any post town in the United Kingdom. This restriction of dimensions is not to apply to petitions or addresses forwarded to her Majesty, or to petitions or ad. dresses to her Majesty, or petitions to either House of Parlia ment forwarded to any member of either House of Parlia ment, or to painted votes or proceedings of parliament, or ci letters to or from any of the government offices or depart ments, or any public officer who, on the hat day of January 1810, had the privilege of franking by virtue of his office, or to letters to or from any other public otlicer to whom the Postmaster-General shall from time to time direct that the exemption hereby granted shall be extended ; but so that:the petitions and addresses forwarded to any member of either House of Parliament, and printed votes and proceedings of parliament be sent without covers, or in covers open at the sides, and so that if any such petitions or addresses to her moksty, or petitions to either House of Parliament, for. warded to any member of either House of Parliament, shall exceed thirty-two ounces in weight, according to the peon". lions of the said act, passed in the fourth year of the reign of her present Majesty, the whole of inch respective petitions and addresses shall be charge. able as heretofore with the full letter rates of postage. Regarding the weight of letters, it is ordered that, if any letter exceeding four ounces in weight shall be sent, or ten dered, or delivered, in order to be sent by the post between any places within the United Kingdom, or by the post of any post town in the United Kingdom, the postage of every such letter, according to the scale of weight and number and amount of rates of postage filed and chargeable upon letters transmitted by the post between places within the United Kingdom by the said act, passed in the fourth year of the reign of her present Majesty, shall be prepaid in money, or such letter shall be duly and properly stamped when posted. This regulation not to apply to such petitions, parliamentary papers, official documents, &c., as are already enumerated. Letters sent to post.ofilces in violation of these regulations will be detained and opened, and, at the option of the I'ost master-General, shall be either returned or given up to the sender thereof, or be given up to the person to whom it shall be addressed, or be forwarded to the place of its destination, under and subject to the following regulations—that is to say, it the postage of such letter shall have been prepaid in money, or if such letter shall bear a stamp or stamps equal in value or amount to the rates of postage to which it shall be liable, such letter may be returned or given up or for warded (at the option of the Postmaster-General) as afore said, free of any further or additional charge for postage ; but if any such letter shall be posted without any stamp thereon, and without the postage thereof being prepaid, the same, on being so returned, given up, or forwarded, shall be chargeable with a postage of double the amount to which it would have been liable if the postage thereof had been pre paid when posted ; and if any such letter shall have thereon or affixed thereto any stamp or stamps, the value or amount of which shall be less than the rate of postage to which such letter would be liable if prepaid, or if the sum prepaid shell be less than the postage to which the letter was liable as pre paid, there shall be charged thereon a postage of double the amount of the difference between the value of such stamp or stamps, or the sum so prepaid, and the full postage to which such letter would have been liable if prepaid. Every other Post-office regulation to remain in farce as heretofore. The warrant is signed by " 11. Rich, C. Wood, and R. M. Bellew." FREE-TRADE WITH INDIA. A meeting of the inhabitants of the Tower Ham lets was held yesterday evening at the Eastern Institution, Commercial-road, to hear an address from Mr. G. Thomp son, M.P., relative to the industrial resoureill of India and the causes which retard their complete development. The large room war densely crowded. The chair having been taken by Mr. Francis Carnac Brown, Mr. THOMPSON said that having recently been elected one of their representatives in the House of Commons, he had felt it his duty to bring before them on the earliest oppor tunity the merits of a question in which many of them felt a deep interest, and one which, both no the house and out of the house, he intended to make the subject of protracted discussion. The subject which he intended to bring before them w as the all-important one of free trade with India. (Hear, hear.) It was most important in itself, but he thought he should also be able to demonstrate that it was of the greatest importance, as involving in its success the only reasonable prospect of the overthrow of slavery and the slave trade. (Loud cheers.) Ho should commence his observa tions with a few words about slavery which would lead him naturally into the main thread of his argument. In the United States of Ame.ica, a country boasting its decla ration of independence, every sixth man, woman, and child was a slave. (Loud cries of "Hear, hear.'') In that country sixteen millions of freemen had bound themselves together to bold in bondage three mil lions of slaves. In Brazil there was a similar number, in the Spanish colonies about a million more, and those of France and Holland participated in the crime. It had been stated be Sir F. Buxton in 1008 that the number of human beings taken in Africa to supply the traffic amounted to 1,000 a day, and he (Mr. Thompson) believed that at the present moment the number had not diminished. lie merely glanced at these facts as leading him to what he believed to be the only effectual remedy. That remedy lay in developing the illimitable resources of India there we might find a key to unloose the fitters of the African, as well as immense employment and increase for our own commercial and maritime power. The African slave trade was kept up to supply forced labour for the five following nrticlea auger, coffee. cotton, rice, and tobacco. On that evening he ihould confine himself to , con.idering the capabilities of India for the production of cotton. In 1776 tho American planters found such difficulty in employing their slaves, that they deliberated on the pro priety of enfranchising them at once. At the mete period the people of England wore principally woollen clothing, when the East India Company commenced supplying them with the cotton fabrics of the East. A great outcry was raised by the clothmakera of the north, but at length the cotton manufacture sprang up. For some time the company supplied the raw material, but soon a change took place which had the effect of reviving slavery and the slave trade in America. An experiment was tried on the shores of South Carolina, and the result was that in 1776 a single bag of American cotton was landed en the quays of Liverpool. Fatal day for the cause of human liberty ! The sample was approved of, and next vee: came over. But mark the increase ! D ur i n g ts,....:zty sub sequent yeses the imports amounted in val.:, t o 2,5 millions sterling. At this moment then. were England 7.5 millions of capital invested in millions of the rop n iation, who depended wholly on it for support. Tho truth was, that except food itself, there MU nothing so important to this country as an abundant supply of cotton. (Hear.) The American planters bad turned all their attention to it, and not only given up all in tention of liberating their slaves, but had increased their numbers enormously. In 1785, the American planters sent I us over one bag of cotton in 1843 they sent 792 millions of pounds weight. (Hear, hear.) In 1785, they had 600,000 slaves which they found unprofitable, and were about to enfranchise;: in 1840, they had 2,487,213, estimated by Henry Clay (himself a sieve breeder) at 1,200 millions of dollar, value. In 1785, their exports of cotton amounted to • single bag; in 1811, they amounted in value to 106,332,722 dollars, being considerably more than all•their other exports put together. They had proportion ably increased the slave trade in Cuba and Brazil, because, devoting their own energies principally to the cultivation of cotton, they stimulated the production of slave-grown sugar in those countries. Thus, while lavishing our blood and treasure ever since 1844 for the suppression of slavery and the slave trade in Africa, we had been feeding to fatness the alaveholders of Cuba and Brazil. (Hear.) This was the reason why now one cargo of slaves in four coming safe re warded the speculator, instead of one in three, as for merly. But England was in a pordrion she bad resources enough within her own territory—to overthrow for ever the whole blood-stained fabric of slavery. To prove this be must transport them in imagination to the gor geous East. Our territories, there extending from Cape Comorin to the Himalaya mountains, contained a popula tion of 200,0011,000, bound together by religious and social ties, spread over • surface of 1,200 square miles, on which another 100,000,000 might be easily maintained. Mount stuart Elphinetone had described it as having vast plains covered with cotton and tobacco, fields laden with roses for the attar, with sugar, indigo, silk, and flax in equal abun. dance. He (Mr. Thompson) would proceed to show the meeting how India could supply us with that which now we obtained from the dismal abodes of slavery, where every wind gathered up the sighs of bleeding, broken hearts. (Cheers.) Why were we dependent on America for cotton ? Eleven years since the directors of the East India Company had published • volume of reports relative to the growth of cotton in India, from which it appeared that there was not an acre of land in that country to which the cotton plant was not indigenous. (Hear.) But then en objection had been started, that the natives were incapable of its cultiva tion. Why, they had cultivated and lubricated it for thou sands of years, although now their manufacture of textile fabrics was fast passing away. Lost year was is fact ren dered remarkable by its being the first in winch not a single article of Indian cotton manufacture was exported from that country. He should here mention a curious fact, to show what the company had done to promote its cultivation. In 1839, when the United Statea Bank started the notable speculation of buying up the whole cotton crop, that they I might afterwards dole it out at what price they liked to the manufacturers, a deputation from Lancashire came up to London, and waited on the company to ask why a supply of cotton could not be obtained from India? The directors re ceived them most graciously, and immediately hit upon a novel expedient. Theyseleeted a person eminently qualified, being a captain of native infantry—(laughter)--and sent him to the United States for ten American planters to in struct the natives of India in a branch of c iltivation which had employed them for thousands of years. (Laughter.) Ten planters scattered over 1,200 square miles, to instruct 150 millions of people. (Hear, hear.) The result of their mission was, that the American system was not adapted to India, and that the natives knew perk-etly well how it ought to be cultivated. What was the cause of our non-supply ? He would tell the meeting. (Hear, hear.) The cause was, that the East India Company first extorted one half the produce in land tax, and then obliged the cultivator to sell the other at a price arbitrarily fixed by them. (Hear.) But for the monopolyof the India Company cotton might now be selling on the quays at Liverpool at 21d. the lb. The price the company had sold it at ranged from I Id. to Is. Id. the lb. Such n monopoly must be put down. (Loud cheers) Mr. Wardle, one of the council, had stated before the select committee of 1832, that on a measure of cotton (we could not catch the name) worth 81., the tax amounted to M. 165., leasing only 2!. 41. less than our Mussulman predecessors had extorted. Besides this, there were taxes on everything used in its cultivation. What men would work under such circumstances? (Hear, hear.) Ile had told them that the grower would be satisfied with a clear penny per pound, but is hat with one tax and another he was no; left more than a halfpenny. The cultivator received 25 per cent., and the government took the other 75 per cent. (Hear.) He would give them a few details, to show how the company was gradually annihilating the trade of India. In one district one of their collectors, Mr. Scott Waring, had raised the taxes to 46 per cent, the consequence was, that whole villages became de populated, the Zeminders Hying from their lands, which were rendered valueless y the exorbitant taxation. Such was the result of what was called in India " the revenue screw." In another case, a landowner having given leases to natives to encourage them to the cultivation of cotton, the exemption from taxes promised by the company was immediately revoked, and the wretched cultivators turned adrift with the loss of all their property. (Cries of "Shame.") This was in 1835 ; and 111 1840 they rent to America for the ten planters. (Oh, oh.) He believed that if free trade were establithed in India, and the cotton-planting en coeraged, the result would be the destruction of the mono po'y of the states, and the raving of several millions of our annual capital. Mr. Thompson concluded by stating that although in parliament he should attend carefully to every subject, this was pre-eminently his question, and concluded by moving That it has been demonstrated to this meeting. that India, a vast British possession, peopled by millions of peaceable, intelligent, and civilised Briush subjects, bas been gifted by nature with the capacity of producing every tropical raw commodity which the capital and industry of England require for the constant and profitable employ. ment of her population, or for the supply of any other of their wants. That it has been further demonstrated that England, although the nsistreas of such a possession as British India, is rendered year by rear more dependent fur the supply of raw cotton. which is the staple of her principal manufacture and one of the main supports of her public revenue, upon the Unit ed States of Amenca, • foreign country; and that England is also dependent upon the same country foe the supply of the tohae.o demanded by her population both the coffee and the tobacco of Use United States being the produce of save-labour. That, consequently, the domestic peace and prosperity of this country, and the stability of a large portion of the public revenue, are made dependent—first, upon the vicisaitudes of the acetone, to which the cotton and lotuses. plants., in common with all other productions of any one country, is table; secondly, upon the maintenance of amicable relations between this country and the United states, and between the United States and other countries ; thirdly, upon the submission of a numerous and in creasing servile population, and the continuance of internal peace among the slave atatea of America. That this exdudve, unnecessary, and unnsturelds " —prrpetasting, as it does, theelavery of mil lionsofmen—la the mune, to • great extent, as is now experienced, of existing calamities ; sad manifestly pregnant with future evils to the best interests of England. That the free agricaltaral population of British India 'mild be the natural customers of this country in the exact measure that they would, if permitted, become the =wets of commodities fur the wants of England- That it hail clearly shown that these Intelligent and deserving British subjects are ren dered incapable of competing with the produce of the United States, by reason of the burtheas Imposed upon their soil and industry Therefore, resolved,—That It is the duty of the people of England, for the rake alike of England, of India, and of toe mitered through out the world, to require of the legislature the Immediate removal of all imposts which &pries the agricultural energies lathe native popu lation ; and the irk ditU tioll of a strict and impartial inquiry, in India, into the condition of the mauves, and into the conduct and the acts, arising out of the peculiar government ruling over them, which affect their well-being, and retard their prosperity. Mr. W. Howirr seconded the resolutions, which were I carried unanimously, and the meeting separated. COURT OP SEWERS, GUILDHALL. CONDITION OF NEWOATE MAILKIT. Yetterday the commissioners of the Court of Sewers met at the court-room, for the despatch of business; Mr. Deputy Peacock in the chair. Amongst the subjects which were brought under the notice of the court was a memorial from the inhabitants of New gate-market, complaining of the defective state of the traps or gullies which communicated with the sewers. From the want of proper means of carrying off the deposits which entered the sewers, the effluvia which came from them was most offensive, contaminatiog the atmosphere in the imme diate vicinity of the market, and causing the houses to be filled with noxious gases, that while it had a tendency to depreciate property it also was injurious to the health of the inhabitants. The memorialida therefore prayed that the Court of Sewers would cause such traps to In laid down so would prevent the escape of the noxious effluvia from the sewers, and thus improve the sanitary state of the market and its neighbourhood.— One of the commissioners observed that the nuisance of which the memorialists complained was created by them selves. Instead of doing so they were bound to do, cart away all the filth and refuse which arose from the slaughter ing of cattle and sheep, it was washed down the traps and gratings leading to the sewers, and no doubt a most intoler able stench arose ; but the fault was not in the formation of the sewers, nor could it be remedied any other way than by the practice of washing everything down being abolished. — The Chairman observed that if the inhabitants did not aid in preventing the nuisance it would be out of the power of the court to do so ; but the best coarse to adopt would be to direct the surveyor to the court to make an examination of the market and report thereon, which was agreed (O.—ANTI-SANITARY MOVEMENT. —Mr. Hay wood, the surveyor, laid before the court a report as to whether it was necessary for the commission to build a sewer in Racquet.cturt, Fleet-street, or not. A notice had been served on the inhabitants in the court inic , rmiog them of the intention of the commissioners to afford them as opportunity of propping up the houses, which the late Dr. Lynch declared to be the hotbeds of fevers and malaria fur the want of proper sewerage. As soon as the notices were served the whole of the inhabitants met, and, in a mrmerial presented by Messrs. Gray, Parkinson, and others, they declared tho houses in the court to be as health a locality as any place in the City ; that fevers, malaria, and epidemics were unknown : while if a sewer was made, instead of its being a benefit it would actually become a nuisance, as it would be impossible for a sufficient supply of water to be sent through it; so the refuse, instead of bring carried away, would form a deposit.—ln this view Mr. W. Lawrence fully coincided ; he thought they ought to pause before they made large sewers is such places as Reequet.court, for there were instances in which such an alteration had been found any thing but a blessing.—The Chairman though the report would settle the matter, which was then rm ', and f rasa which it appeared that Mr. Haywood had insp. sled all the houses and found that at the rear of every one . f them wu ample and sufficient drainage; and consequent. a sewer in the court was not required ;on which the coot oaaimouly agreed to rescind the notice given. After th. disposal of some unimportant business the court broke up. PARIeII OF ST. PANCRAg.- —INTERFERE \ ~ E OF THE Pool-LAW COMNll,,:mrEpi...._y,st.rdiy a me ring of the directors of -am poor of St. Pancras took Flee in the new -ertt , l'aion, adjoining the workhouse, King's-re..l, Camden ' town, specially convened for the purpose of c , t slderieg the report as to the new diet of the workhouse and s resolution of which notice had been given in reference to the ht.: pro posed enlargement of the workhouse and out-.:.ear relief . Mr. B. J. E. Wright having been called to the chair, Mr. .Nl'Gahey, the clerk to the board, read a communication from the poorlaw commissioners, requiring to low been done by the vestry and directors of the paor with re gard to an order issued by the commissioners the 14th of May last, directing the production of certei, hook s an d papers belonging to the board before them at Somerset House. Accompanying this communication ssas also re ceived the following formal summons, calling lof the pro duction of the paper. in question, addressed tot he clerk : we, the poor-law ennimismoners, do hereby memo, sou to attend before u' on Tuesday, the d day of November sent, at • coo o'clock in the afternoon, and to bring with you the originals at, copies of 34 resolutions at the vestry and of the directors of the poe of the pari,g, at St. Pancras, dunning the duties of the clerk to the s. t vestry, gad clerk to the said directors of the poor of the said part-h. ind of all the paid °dicers employed in the administration of out-d• relief to the paw of the said parish. The board refused to come to any resolution upon these documents, and they were understood to be left • -r the con sideration of the vestry at their next meeting.--:. trestATION IN TH a DIETART.—Mr. Churchwarden Howell. waved the adoption of the report with reference to an al , . ration sad increase of the workhouse dietary, by which tie poor will have an increase of 28 ounces of solid and 3 pints of liquid food per week, or an increase in the solid food Irons 140 to 168 ounces. The report also provides fur semi 'g out the rations at every meal, and prohibits the introdta it into the workhouse by the friends of the paupers of any icics of on. cooked food. Mr. Harrison seconded the adej on of the report.—Dr. Bermingham condemced the new meter s as a decrease rather than an increase on the old on. from the nutritious articles which had been abolished an. the substi tution of those which were not nutritious. Th poor bad an ch d ee the s been deprived of those nutritive articles, pea e.tr. ' butter, sugar, and suet pudding, to a great cites • ; alterations which had been made were so subversive of health that he looked upon them a- criminal. The component parts of what wu called Irish stev wer e on l y at the rate of 2 ounces of meat to one pint ..t stew. He could not call it a nutritious article, as Irish stew ought to be, but it was a " St. Pancras stew," and the. had takes away one pint of good ex cheek pea-soup, and substituted three quarter of a pint of the "St. Pancras ,:ew." Dr, Bermingham further condemned the new diet...y as worse than that given in poor-law unions and prisons, and moved as an amendment "That the articles of bread potatoes be each increased from 12 to 16 ounces per d.;, and that 8 ounces of suet pudding be allowed three tim , s a week to children between the ages of 7 and 15."—h1. R e eki ng seconded the amendment.—Mr. Douglas contermed that the dietary of St. Panetta workhouse, as amended, was, with one exception (St. Margeret'e, Westminster), upeidor to that of any other workhouse in Loudm, and 'betel re a sufficient dietary. The solids were increased train 140 to 170 ounce, counting the Irish stew as a solid, and from 21 to 26 pints of liquid per week. Mr. Dough. cited the dietaries of the various metropolitan psi .sties and poor-law unions to prove his case. an.. therefore contended that it was a most sufficient dietary.— The report was afterwards adopted by a majority of 20 to 2.—ENLAROING TOY. W0111:110US6.-11, Howarth then proposed the following resolution of wb . h he had given notice " That the vestrymen and rate-pa.. rs of this parish have a right to expect that the members this board who voted at the last vestry meeting against the projesition for enlarging the workhouse, should take imeediate and effectual steps for relieving the workhouse from one-fourth of its present inmates, and for establishing such a system of out-door relief in this parish as will is fettir, prevent a greater influx of paupers into the workhouse th n it is cal culated properly to accommodate." Mr. Howarth said those who had defeated the enlargement of the workhouse ou the plea that its object was to carry out the worst matures of the Poor-law Bill, the workhouse test, were bot...d to come forward and carry out their principles of out-dose relief. With that view he moved the resolution.—Mr. Goodwin seconded the motion, and considered there was gasd ground for a second appeal to the vestry.—An amend'', lit having been proposed and lost, the motion was carri.sl , and the board, after some routine business, separated. MISERY IN SOUTHWARK.—Str,—PtIbIiC attention has lately been somewhat directed to the sanitary condition of this parish, metro especially in reference to Three Tuns. court, White-street. At pr. sent, however, only ,he Fellersl statement has been made, that much nectenity exists for sanitary improvement, and even this has been qu. 'timed by the parish authorities. The following statements may be relied on. They come from one who has carefully . and minutely inspected the court, for the purpose of aseertateing the real facts of the cue. Three Tuns-court consists of eleven houses, but some of them aro wholly and others par tially uninhabited, on account of their dreadfully dilapi dated condition. Each house contains three rooms, at about eight feet square, with no back entrance to any. There is no water in the court and but one privy, which is iu a horribly filthy andition, the soil from it running over and saturating the pavement around, whilst from its broken, dilapidated state, together with the ruinous condition of all the house., a dreadful stench pervades the atmosphere of the whole court. There is no inhabited house which does not contain same one intected, more or lees, with fever. There are now about one hundred pereons, includind children, living in the court. In one of the rooms there are nine adults living. In three of the houses the ground-floor is en tirely gone. In one of these houses, in the lower room, four adults and two or three children live, having no to d, but all sleeping on some straw laid on the earth. One of those in this room is a woman who was confined two or three days since ; she lies, like the other; on the straw, and her child appear' completely naked. The room contains no furniture; a large stone is used as • seat. There are only three bed steads, and scarcely any other article of furniture, except a few broken chairs, in the court. Three dcatks have lately occurred from fever. Other places in this neighbourhood aro very little better than Three-tuns-court ; indeed, many are more thickly peopled.-3. C. Ixocesr, N ESTERDAY. CHARGE AGAINST A Creemisr.—Before Mr: Mills, at the Seymour Arms, Sey mour-place, Bryanstone-square, by adjournment, on the body of Emma Elizabeth Tumor, aged 2 yearn, the child of a dairyman in Adam•street West. The case at first appeared to be an ordinary death from scarlatina, which was proved to be present in the house, some other children of the same family being afflicted with it ; but it assumed a new feature in consequence of the assertion of Mr. Moat, a sur geon in the neighbourhood, that, on a post mores,' examina tion, he had found a considerable portion of morphia (the principle of opium) in the fluid contents of the stomach. This, involving as it did the character of a chemist, named Squire, who had prescribed a powder for the child, led to the adjournment of the inquest, in order to apply further chemi cal tests. Mr. Theophilus Redwood, professor of chemistry to the Pharmaceutical Society, analysed the remainder of the fluid found in the child'■ stomach, and found morphia pre sent, but in such very minute portions as scarcely to be dis tinguishable. This opinion led to a long discussion between the two gentlemen, Mr. Redwood declaring that iodic acid was a very uncertain test of the presence of morphia if pu trescence had commenced ; while Mr. Moat contended, that poisoning by the means of opium would, for a time, preserve the body from decomposition, and thus enable a fair test to be made by that acid. Amidst this difference of chemical opinion the jury retired for a considerable period, and then returned a verdict, " That the child was found dead, with certain indications in the heart and brain ; but whether from the effects of morphia, or from natural causes, there wu not sufficient evidence before the jurors to show," accompanied with a strong expression of opinion by the jury of the danger and illegality of the practice of chemists in prescribing for ailing persons without seeing them. COINAGE. Sir,—lt is a question often asked, why our social reforms never origicate with the branch of our executive whose business they specially are, and why, when elsewhere suggested, they generally meet nothing but discouragement. The peony-post, for instance, was planned by a private indi ♦idual, and was carried by dint of strong pressure from with out, in spite of obstruction from the Post.effice authorities. Probably this may he accounted for by the fact that the bead of the establishment is merely the nominal euperin- tendent, having no practical part in working the sy stem ; while the subordinates, seeing in change only ad ditional trouble to themselves, naturally resist it. If this explana tion be true, it may be applied to another subject, namely, the improvement of our coinage. Five years ago, • commis sion appointed fur the purpose gave in a scheme for a decimal coinage. As yet nothing has been done to carry this scheme into effect. Last session, Dr. Bowring brought the subject forward in the House of Commons. The Master of the Mint replied that " some one And told Aim certain evils would be caused by the change; which evils he endeavoured to explain." Toe hieh another hon. member answered, " That he hod !seen fed the threatened mischiefs would not ensue." Both went on some vague hearsay idea, as it seemed, neither professing to un derstand the matter himself. The conclusion was, that it was agreed to strike off coins of value two shillings, as a first step towards a decimal system. But the subdivisions of this new coin were postponed sine die. Now every one who understands the matter knows that en imperfect decimal system is not a decimal system at all; and clan no more work really than a stagecoach can run on two wheels. In fact this new coin, wiles. it be accompanied by **proper subdivisions, will only be a hindrance to the in troduction of a decimal coinage. For in order that it may be useful it must have a definite name, and must be :finally styled by that name in calculations. If people call it" o'6 elsilling;," it is vain. But without the right inferior coins it is impossible to reckon by it. Sapp 's* it named a rupee, then 1 rupee equals 24 pence. Hence, having added up • column of pei.ce, the calculator would have to divide the re suit by 21, in order to know what to carry to the next, that is, the rupee column. No one would commit such an absurdity. Tha prevent system of shillings and pence is infinitely l etter. And if this coin is struck, and people get the habit of naming it "two shillings" (as they must in seltdefence), they will have to unlearn this, before a complete decimal system can be introduced effeetualiy. Unless the change is made the rougWy, it had better not be tried at all. The daily papers have announced thot an issue of the new coin is soon to be made, and also of crown pieces. Now. what can be the use of these crown pieces ? They are ea unwieldy, that nobody keeps such a thing longer than be can help. He is only toe happy to exchange then f