The Express. — London, England, 1848-06-14 00:00:00

Zile erpregOS. MAILS. Ilse Twat 'rteltritieh North Amer,. a, sett the toiled State s, Will be made uP wt the evesina of .h. Dell June. The Me-t mat.. Malls, 0/ciamling tartunitn, NIMMLI. Hareem, liondura., Sew Orle.n., Ver. Cruz, 1 etninen, and Porto ItlMart eo, and ha, Inoluant (or Ma lair.. Jeetnel, CArthasen,, a.fata Chanrea, Wool (awl of South Anwrieff, awl St. Jur....las ?lineal/h. .111 he 'nal. - op MI the minute. 01 the oltslf thJuoe. thbroltar The Mr Oporto, Lisbon, loolord, C, lota Rill be Mastor alp • .11 the untruly. 111 •he I;th 11,11 M. The over ,MI Mall a, 01•113. 1 . the lonian leltuitle, r,gyitt,a, 110110, tlong.hong, and t'lnnt, VMS MOMll.lllllpa 01211. wilt 11.1• oi.olai op MI the 11101•1111 M 01 :ht . :Nth Julia The lie 1.1/ ..,••-•11 Molls .et liMs•111., to Me MMllterl.ll.llll, Egypt. . bolus, , will he mnle Up oil thr livening he 24th June. IMP m et. loa .outh W.dea, V.n Ine:moim Land, and Nen Zeahum wttl 11.1111.1a1t. Op tOt the swoon( ot I'. a' 3 0th Jll. , The 111 ••••••• 4. the St ea mal of ,\lriCia and NAletrn will be made up on the..v.ve tut of the Nith June. • o l M.. brash., tbe toyer PI de, \ 1013141 Video, Permon. 111 l a b Huambo Ayr., will be turd, u,t uu the b11(111.. he 4tb tut,. OTC 11114,; Of • NO 1108 TO ADV .TISERS. nu.. b. r .t 1 STA 1T.T.40 1 n Chu aothoritoei thr ethioiroill.r.:lwritq i 847, to rtit DAIL% biNws •••• .......... 3.447.009 TbM. w. rii:rimir, is within alb, ye I ✓ ' he ou.tibin Ironed n. roe ;40.011410,0 11,1”14. 604 &Lt. rut TOtit , MUM. • the DAILY NKWS. Merl: •'• , r keenTir K./Trion. TI • ! , teass 7'18.714 •• n nelargre. USU. rither to the a MAMA SIIOUS ort • Ilfreurnm, II O. To.- •••••a. I nie.pime I • I..at I. LOA :.• ~%.IVED.VESIM KJUNE 1 4. gp t. Vtgue" has &trendy come to nn u ndo, h !It 'as horn iu'o this troubled world on Fratd. I ist, a half-past five o'clotik. Its birth was pi, uni, it the following and during the d.v ma tel ciiatOins weoi ten& rid by the more oi.'eits nd actierents of the uward houses oTario .• an a al ihirntod le. The youthful off gpriug :,• ieir hire shosioll terry sign of health and vi oid public raj 'icings at its auspicious a dvent ~ 1.1 b gun, when ,u all was pre =laurels fluids' into grief and ;:,loom. At precisely I half-pea tier on Saturday afternisin, the sponsors, who were jn t retiring after the performance of the eie d d ria ,rt rites of inky hapt-m, wire stunned by the intelligi • is- et the c td.i of so much promise was no more ti had fallen the di itiin of an unmanly bliov , h ible to relate, the devil had been ar o, e d n. tie unnatural puient! We are free to owu thiat NV air lost in wonder how our Irish con tempor.irtiiis iiiin retain their seltiseassion, and keep up the tor wool show of ettuaniinity under such har rowin_r, doh all Ms. :wetly.; circumstances. Trhir nt.rvet* to rat eiiitsinly be made of very peculiar stuff, to stand it Tuc detai's of this most shocking outrage are as yet but ines rft etly ascertained. All that is known with e'er Reny is, that one s.f the parents—whom, for distiue . l. 41 ' 4 ~site, we shall cell t h e father, he being the larger and more striking (er stricken) looking of the two ate' absent in the country, whither he had gone fer cesolge of air and a little tranquil lity, in enter, if 1./risible, to recruit his heal h, veveh has never been good since a very severe heeting he received in the month of April last free' certain reiletioes and friends of his reecntly affianced 'teener. The infant " Lague" (not Teague, as some el nor blundering contemporaries have ab surdie IL sprinted it) was born, as we have already intimated, while Fhyeical Force was out of town, tandem s, q"nosy a ot left in cliareeot Moral Force,who, it is R oulet to be obliged to remind the casual reader, was the we tker pare: t. No danger. how ever, was applehen , ed the-ref.-um. How should there be? Moral Flue.- looked as peaceably and harmlessly disposed es usual; woke In the ordinary unimpas sioned se aiti ; and professed the usual devotion to the cause of country, even unto death. This latter circumstance is worthy of particular note, because it should he rememheted that both parents had "solemnly eugaeed to die, the mom ut their c mitten offsprin 3 had artived m eturitv. In fact, this was felt on all hands to be indisp. nsable. Their ohs fete exitectice in anything like di etiney would hive been whol y insupportable. Literally, they would have been IA without support, for the universal belief and ui.derstanding was that the whole i. , 11P0 and profile e hick Moral and Physical Force kid hitherto divided between them (and which COOftMe ly ass hardly sufficient to keep either of them ale' I -should be applied to the proper main tainer', e of the youthful "Lague." Whether, then, some utihirtunate ins.iiset of se lf- preservation some unlu ky reluctance to complete the suicide covenant d arid agreed npou—led to the lamentable act in question—or whether, as some will have it, a mistaken zeal for the honour of religion was the ac tuating motive, the set itself admits of no mistake, and, we are constrained to say, of no palliation. o It was with a pen she did it!"—without notice, menace, warning of any kind. ot a 93131 se is hy. The wretched " League" could not have pveivuked any feeling of jealousy or anger, for it had net uttered a sound. It might have proved dumb, or even an idiot, which, considering the alarm, and fears that preceded its birth, would not have be n surprieng. What might have been its character or pretensions to respect, can Lever now be known. A brief Penitence of just three and twenty hours was suddenly terminated by one dash of a pen; and weep ing, wailing, and le ashing of Meth, is the portion once more of two illustrious Halls! Turn it as one may, the event is very sad. It was, humanly speaking, the last chance of sal ea tion for Demagogue-dom. It is very unlikely, we Oleic, that Physical and Moral Force will ever be brought to live h ippily together again. In addition to all their former doinsetie quarrels about income end expenditure, about diffi rence of religion and about obedience to the law, there is now added this n w and terrible source of enmity and cause fir exasperation—the murder of poor little " League " Its escape from hard tutelage has,indeed,been timely. In what principles would it have been °might up? How would it have been filially obedient to opposite precept,? How would it have both kept within the law and set it ostensibly and openly at defiance? We never heard of anybody' who could do that systematically or sueceesfelly but the departed Liberator, and we never shall look upon his like again. Then, as to money—was there to be jobbing and fobbing, or " mutton-chop" fru gality, and regular publication of accounts ? Above all, was League to say any prayers? And if so, what prayers? Moral Force, as everybody knows, goes to ma-a; and Physical Force goes—sometimes to church, sometimes to meeting, and very often nowhere. Better have no "league" at all than an irreligious or free-thinking " league,"—thought moribund Moral Force : and hence, according to some the hasty thought, the furtive step, the deadly deed. On the other hand, however, it should be borne in mind that the true friends of religion cannot have witnessed without sore regret and just disapprulia•ion the miserable apology for championship Moral Force has now for a lung while exhibited. So far as the interests of catho licity are concerned, we should have imagined that nothing could have been regarded as more . propizious than a decent excuse for the final extinguianinen. of a weekly wail, and serious caricature of controversial reasoning in defence of the tenets of the' ancient faith. The catholic clergy cannot have for gotten how miserably ill their views of edu cation were sustained in Conciliation Hall ; how needlessly they were dragged into its discussions for pes of strife; and how tamely they wire dropped when those personal purposes were answered. It is hardly credible, we think, that any impediment to the self-extinction of so feeble and un safe an ally should have come from the powerful quarter that has been that; adverted to. We rather incline to the conjecture that some curious emotion of irrepressible vanity or envy, of that feminine intensity which neglected and worn out coquettes are said to ft el, at beholding or anti cipating the success of even their own progeny. was at the bottom of it. To be eclipsed and extinguished is unbearable by small minds; notoriety at any cost is preferable to that. Physical Force must henceforth, therefore, es hitherto, live apart. The brief liaison has concluded tragically enough. An orange predilection he may secretly cherish,—a French flirtation if be be discreet, —or evens Yankee friend in the philoeopaic war. But Moral Force and he can never mile neon each ether's well-known Nee again. IT is truly said we are careful about trifles and i reckless u to thousands. The appointment of a " door keeper " will at times meats a mutation which ths most reckless extravagance at others hits failed ta produce. Y e ar after year we submit to the 'most galling imposts, see our means profligately squan dered without a murmur, and yet a thoughtless word will break up a cabinet or provoke a Reform Bill movement. We elect men to represent oar interests in parlia ment whose principles and feelings are totally at variance with our own, and feel surprised when they do not support our views. We seek our legislators from amongst a class whose pursuits are pleasure and amusement, and wonder that our affairs Are not managed with business-like precision. In times of distress and privation we are roused to a sense of our folly, out on the return of prosperity we relapse into our wonted apathy. To attempt to remedy the unjust and unequal bearings of our taxa tion, by laying bare the profligate and partial distri bution of the revenue before men with such instability of purpose, has hitherto been a thankless task. Apathy on the ono hand, and self-interest on the other, leave the issue more than doubtful. and the spoiler, by a cunningly devised system of indirect taxation, is enabled at once to absorb the results of the industry of the country, and to involve the producers in a state of poverty and helplessness. One class, and one only, seem alive to their bus position, but they are utterly unable to remedy the evil. They are kept like serfs, in a state of hopeless thraldom, contributing largely to the cost of the chains by which they aro bound, but without a voice in the distribution of the means they produce. How long the middle classes will submit to a gradu ally increasing expenditure, and, consequeutiy, in creased taxation- - how long they will be satisfied to see the results of their industry absorbed and squandered for the benefit of a few noble families and their dependents, it were vain to conjecture; but un less they set earnestly aboat the work of reform there is no other quarter to which we can look for thu necessary combination of interest and influence re quired to inspire men with the wish and power to cor rect abusive. And if these classes do not take the lead without loss of time, and, by placing before the public practical measures, turn the all but universal discon tent into a Rafe and useful channel, it needs no pro phetic spirit to announce the advent of a turbulent and disastrous era. In every department of the Mate there is a rapid and continuous increase of expenditure; in none has there been any real attempt at reduction. With a revenue of 60 millions per annum we aro deficient some three millions, whilst half a million per annum has been added to our expences far the last ten years. What is to be the end of this stater of things ? •I he poor are unemployed; th" shopkeeper is in distress; the mer chant and manufacturer canrot see their way to em ploy their capital—and yet we believe that the re sources of the country, if judiciously applied, are more than equal to the emergency. The same rule which applies to individuals will apply to nations. We should adjust our expenses to our means. We should cut down all useless or superfluous appen dages. We should either issue a flat of bankruptcy, or place our Minim on a sound and permanent founda tion. The debt of 28 millions per annum is unalterable, but we apprehend no valid reason can be assigned for expending nine millions per annum on a standing army, and retaining 1.10,000 men in arms whilst we art at peace with all the world. Equally unwise does it appear to expired another nine millions to keep an enormous number of ships of war rotting in our harbour". Six millions are expended on the collec tion of our re venue, whilst it is notorious that the duty might be more effici , ntly performed fir one half the sum. Tees I tat item is more than the entire cost of the government of the United States, including the mainte mance ot their army and navy. But no sensible retrenchment can be effected in these branch , s of expenditure unless we are prepared to interfere seine n host of sinecures, and places which are merely in 'eked sinecures—with the "vested rights" of a privileged class. It is necessare, there fore, to inquire whether there is any use for seven aemmiseione rs of customs, as many of excise, five commissioners of stumps and taxes, five lords of the treasury to regist-r the acts of the customs and excise, when it is well keown that all could be administered with greater a ffi, i .icy under one head, and at a tithe of the cost. I iffy out of the sixty millions of our revenue arc &shored in this thriftless way. The greater art ion of the remaining ten millions is squandered in a manner squall unprofitable. The 650,000/., onion is the nmoutit of the nominal, not of the real, civil hat—for stray item., which pro perly ought to be included under that head, will he found lurking in every " estimate"— admits of being considerably reduced, without exposing those who would curtail it to the charge either of undue parsi mony or disloyalty. We desire not to reduce the comforts or eve n the splendour of royalty, if such be desirable, but e c feel assured that the whole horde or grand falconers, earl marshals, lords of the b, d chamber, grains of the stole, masters of the horse, masters of Os hoe khounds, gold and silver sticks, and flambee:le-4 kindred appointments, do not in any degree ald to the comforts of reyalty, and rattne import to its state a grotesque air of obsoleteite e• not sufficiently old to have the grace of antiquity. In truth, they are only retained because they serve to provide places for needy nobles and their oior dependents, or for intriguing politicians. There is no tone to be lost in tecertaitiing out of the list f 803 pi:icemen and peesioners receiv ing upwardeuf lOW a year, and costing the nation 1,600,0001 per aeo,enn, how many could be advantage ously dispensed with. We will nor a present enter into the wider field of the praeticebility of remodeling, consolidating, or dispensing with a hole departments. Enough has been said to show t h at without a re-organitsatiou of the whole m at. eo, without un equalisation of the im posts to the m a. ,a ..1 the people., and an adjustment of the exp tease to the revenue., we have entered upon the las net of the political drama. Yet with these fames staring them in the face, ministers seem resolute to runt to the chapter of accidents. Their system of tiling over all financial difficulties, thus allowing th. en to aseumulate year after year, was the real cams • why, some years ago, they were obliged to give way to Sir ROBERT PKEI.. The beronet, when c.. needled by the inembordinat ion of the protectionist-,to relinquish office, left the &deuce of the nations , oceounte in some degree re4oreel ; hut already the %emits hive contrived to bring them cure more into coshes ~,,, . A sterner e , onomist than S.r Roesler has er yet shown himself, will he re quired to brine throe to a permanently satisfactory c endition ; and et , e‘e /1. one would find the 1 gislature, ate at present asen-iituted, no instrument for his pur ples. IT is really ;i• lo to see that there are even nine proprietors of India stock to pro posa that the East India C. in ..oy ...101l this day agree to petition ' parliament in t Your of t sxng the peop'e of England to the extent et 2.900.0001. a Tear for six years, by imposing a diffor• t nu duty of 10s. a cwt. on foreign sugar, as recomitte , tied by Lord GEORGr. Br.NTlNefes eommi , tee. W •. only suppose teat Ms country wee lobe tax. 0 at a similar rate to protect the timber of Canada, the -tr.:. rot Ceylon, the wool of Australia, the (xenon attic ....me grew iu Demerara, the coffee of Jennies, sod the pepper of Penang, and our colonies would h • amongst the greatest hut dens that could be infl.eted m. an empire; they would gradually pauperise, and finally ruin us. Yet, why should not the indigenous products of all our other posscssi er,s be as eft .. .ldeally protected as the sugar of the East Indies? We shall be glad to hear from the gewlemen who meet to-day to petition for the 10s. duty egiinst foreign sugar and against the people of England, what claims India has to be made an exception ; • in this matter of protection. Lod O. BKNTINCIes eemmittee have omitted to give any reasons; perb••• PI they will laweir us with sonic. Want of • e nr•A be one in a country teeming with pnpulatio ; .one if want of capiod be assigned we could find i street in London trades that would be big ;f the It.gi-lattere would only pass Itt - eapita! into hem; but al at parliament a , • --c• it ot:jht net, we submit, .o do for India. Mucha ill, . arse, bo said of the danger of de priving India ; • , ;o:her article of export ; hit e.. 1, an argument • • den the asrumpthm, that ttfe , of 1846 wit: 'II deprive India of the petv••r exporting ; to teas that is just the thing he it• 'moved, teed t•,:.• ra ace alone can provo it. Let en, however, aduia o.e monstrous asstro?tion that free trade will die •do andia from exporting sugar, en' the influent' 't-es:etible that sugar exportatiat. from Indiaa; - trade, rnt preservise: 50 Ar • eavisa: sir ocoerare .• THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING. JUNE 14, 184 R. SANITARY REFORM. A meeting was hi Id yesterday evening at the Lite. racy I moil alien, Leicester-square, for the purpose of agree. log s e e ignine a petition to parliament on the subject of mini. teary legislation. Mr. M•ceitenoti,M.P , took the chair, and said it was impossible for any one who was a friend to humanity not to insere•sed with the importance 01 the sanitary question. Ile had been the fleet to bring this subj• et under the notice of parliament, and in consequence of his endeavours a com mits e hail been appointea to inquire into the state of the InArapolis, as tar as it, health was concerned. The facts slated in eeidence before that committee sufficiently proved ‘e met ashy for re Olin. It was disgraceful to the cor. poraiim. of London to have opposed the introduction of a Intl into parliament for the purpose of effecting a sanitary reform in the City. The market-place of Smithfield wee ai, aleduniaiion and a nu.seoice which ought to be put down, bet y. et seer veer, who n the attempt to do so had Mel uw d r,lllo i.iflaf hi 0 i f the corporal ion of London had been so 'twat as to prevent anything trout being done. go ey r , st swot reiresenicel in poliament except the e uteie interest. If it was the ile.ire of those whew he ad dressedd to have these evils redressed, it became their duty to petition the li test of Commons, and to persist in so doing until a oomph te m. spur. of .aeitery reform was granted. 0 ,, w.. 1.114 dmain the 'meeting any longer, but would full mon Mr. Cooai aim to move the resolution which had been peeper 41. Mr C. COCIMANK promised the following resolution : 73 it from the evidence ..f the cella ent.olled on the inhabitanta of the inemeedis by the oM. nee of prilioer It:Maury reculationoo, the evaleneo• ol the, eeen.aot, it la traoleed that a petition be co...toted to perinoonent an favour of a sound and ciallinelleaNVO eaolitaty Mr. J. Root:Ka b geed permission so far to derange the veer th. pow dings as to he permitted, out of his turn, to Mike a few observations (whore he quitted the room, which tie was ol•liged ti 40. This interrur ion having been perm fed, Mr. Mery proceeded to argue that Smithfield fool Newg to matkets so re the go at sources of sanitary de -1 • 411.1 trot fa ibis Ciiy, on account of the va-t quantity of unveholeioine mi at that was daily ixposed in a dead or v.iff state in those two 'waken. Hit proceeded also to ...erste imene ci comenneen rep cling the purchase of a fl tck • f N shish she, p to a merged", who afterward', finding they were smitten with the small-pox, had them slaughtered In ii and sent them to a salt-swan at Neweatomarket, woo ice roe, of them oat very low priers. The meat thus sold to the poor eccaeioned a variety of diseases more or less fatal. Alter • welling en these details at some length, Mr. Bow n emitted el by repressing his cordial concurrence in the reiulu i h•n u• the perilous, Dr. Gavle said that to Dr. Southwood Smith was due the m. rot of having originated the prevent sanitary movement. It was hardly to he conceived how great a proportion of the morteliey of lin,rlend w.s aserihatile to the want of sanitary preesu:ione. In Wale., the number of premature deaths .row this cause wan 35,000 annually. In London alone it wAll 13.000, root 3.'0,000 cos. s of eiekuess annually resii:ted iu London from this cause alone. By proper sanitary precautions it was possible wholly s redieste a duo of diseases which were termed eymntie, from being preventible. Of the e digitises, imall•pon, t phus, and consumption, were the three most f a i d 4 „.eeionee. Wu it ovate, y reformers wished to effect wm, to imtiiute eleenlinees eel to give breathing Taco to the dwellings of the poor. \Yates. was the chief agent for • Tommie, eicalinei.. Of the 270,000 houses constituting the meteorite. 70,000 were entirely deprived of a supply of wee r ; nett' in the suburbs, whole streets were without water mains, or any contrivance, for procuring this nem el, y. Thee 'crags, 31a1., ut the rat , trip die was disgracefully ficient. Many feria which bed cost thousands were mere recephielei for filth and ordure. In Westminster, 1011 Q hundred thousand pounds had been wasted in con e'reeting dreins that were quite useless, as they did not communicate with the houses, and consequently could DO' eany of the fl th. It had been said toy Mr. Roger. that food was a 'limitary question. He did not thick, howtver, that the pr. sent meeting could enter into that "tali. cr. Dr. elan' then proceeded to read some state ments reapectieg the condition of some of the courts in he City. Dr. ALMA saw with great pleasure the father of sanitary ri-for a pr. biding neer the meeting. (Cheers.) It had been his painful duty to wines, much of the dirt and unwhole someness of the dwellings of tee poor ; but, so far was it iron Mier true thee the lower orders delight, d in unclean. that he was able of his own knowledge to state the very r. vi oe, he having intim heard the poor express their horror at tieing ehlig• d to reside in such filthy places. Toe resolution was then agreed to. Mr. !MACKINNON !Wed that in they wets met for the purism, of afailltlif a petition, it would be necessary for oem to hear it read, which the veer. tatty would do. lie a s u `rigrdbyotherengtgrmen t s to quit the chair, which would b • taken by Dr. Gavin. lie heeged to expo as the entitle. .tion he f. It in vh•wing the results of the =mother, end he trusted th• y would all tweeted the endeavours of him self and his 'Demist.. in the great sanitary movement. The hon. member then I. ft the 'wen, It sing accompanied by the gentler's• n who had bat round the table. Dr. Minn took the chair, and a petition, in aceordince with the eta lutont, teas fC Lod agreed to. Mr. Stye mime re xt prom , ded to address the meeting in sup. port of a resolution Neatest the laws of cattail and prituog• • ',dun, Waif a he propos•el ; but as the basin, as et the meet ing tees hrminated by the adootion of the r. solution and petition, it is needle's to report the furt'.er presets dings. geleasalag this argument the friends of India will,' therefore, make eta the strongest possible cue fur their sdversariee measure; they establish its value and teach us its worth. They moreover altogether forget that it is not many years since our legislation enabled India to export sugar in any large quantities; yet India was advancing in prosperity when sugar was not an item in her remittances to Bee country. Equally oblivious are they of the fact, that if the withdrawal of sugar as an article or export did. lead to the exportation of the precious me t a l s f ro m India to this country, India would not obtain the precious metals to export, except in exchange of her products in some other quarter. Doubt less it would hit much moro profitable to India to mind produce in stead of silver; but were the balance of her remittance hither to bo paid in silver, India would not b conse quently, ruined. And far better that India should take less of our manufactures directly, then that all l elaeses of Englishmen should be taxed to A trolong the existence of a fictitious trade in sugar. 'trade. to fos tered, eneouragi d, and patched up, may be very pro fitable to a few, but it is very unprofitable to the many, and it is their interest that legislation must keep in view. The manufacturers of England do tint ask that the people of England should pay 2,900,0001. a year, is order that they may keep up their exports to luta i to their present figut es ; the y have, over and ov again, repudiated the principle that is inv.'s.. d in se, such taxation; and, our word fur it, the people of India will find sometlang else than silver tit piv th. balances against them, if we don't take th, ir error. What they did when we ceased to take tht ir coLUm goods, they will repeat, if we give up Buie augur viz. p roduce; some other article to export. But this argument of diminished exportation of Indian sugar, and the substitution of the export. of Indian bullion, is only a repetition of the vicious practice of 'arguing in a circle, to which the Inoue tionisti always resort when in a difficulty. It assumes what it to be proved. Already, aim* the re duction of duties on foreign free labour sugar, India produces sugar much more cheaply than the lower or our Wrist Indian islands. Why should nut the CO.l of productioif go on diininirthiwz in India under the influence of greater pressure'.' The it flutoPPII exam ined on this point by lewd Granter. Iles•risett, were either persons who hod an Wriest in attaining a profit by means of protecting duties, or persons who could only speak to the point from int inflation they had re ceived. And the truth is, that the niiiiirity of the Europeans engaged in sugar planting, and sugar manufacture, and sugar exportatio. , in have to struggle against insufficient capital, the high interest on borrow. ti merit), trade so speculative as to amount nearly to gainblitre ; to Calcutta, against a system of advanci aby govern ment hypothecation, which drives wi al thy and sober houses out of business; agnitat tenures which repel investment in the soil ; and against defecive and ex pensive means of transport. Nee is it to be to: gotten that the population of India is a great sugar consuming population ; that hitherto high prices alone tempted them to export it in any quantities ; and that there is a large anti in creastng demand in Central Asia fur the auger of India. But, that uitimately, India will not, ill spite of all difficulties, be able to compete with lirtizil and Cuba in sugars, is a notion unworthy of the great capabilities of her soil, of the industry of her people, and of the enterprise of British sps culatiirs and capi talists; and she will be able, ell the sooner, for the isuro of the act of 1846. DULLTN ELECTION COSIMITTEE.—The tertle.Dy was contisithal yesterday. Two votes were objected to, and the inv taiga. ion as to their validity oecup ed the entire day. They were both ret deed. The committee adjourned at a quieter pest three to eleven o'clock this day. !WIWI shi A .1000 L—On Saturday night, the resi dence art Lune' Einit.P.W, Eel., the rec ardor of Rochester. was burshariously entered, and stripped of a large qu into) , of silver pl .te, Meer .1 gold watches, &c, the burglars, amongst ntlwr snacks c trry in et off his costume. WItaCK OF THE STEAM-S(11P ARIEL.—The following are the latest particulars respecting this 41-fated ship : The Ariel was considered the fastest of the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company's fleet, which con sist. of twenty-five steamers. She cannot, we regret to say, he got off. The last accounts from Leghorn state the vessel to be fast fixed , n the reef, and had nearly six feet of water in her ho.d. Nearly the who'e of the epee ie and a consi derable quanti yof her valuable cargo had been got out of her, the latter very much damaged, and landed at Vada. Although greatly nett by the cargo being removed, there was no perceptible alteration in the panther' of the vesaell, and it is feared there is but a small chai ceot her being tiered. The Anal in question where she lies is a most den genius one—it is the Mal diNetre, situate between four and live mil , a distant welt from the town of Veda, on the Tun neler co at, Ind 13 milts from Leghorn Lighthouse, in let. 43.82 60, N., and long. 10.17 45 E. Most tortunately at the period of the occurrence the e eather was not b eiorrouv, which enabled the crew to launch the steamer's boats without injury and 'islet, land the p is-engers at Vale, where ey assistance wall obtained. The Ariel was an tom-built ves+.l, nearly 900 ton. burthen, and was launched it Bleak wall about two years since. liar engines were 300 hone power, the manufacture of Messrs. Palen and Co., a' Greenwich. One of her filaj• sty's war steamers and a pri vate steam , r have been &viva:Led from L gloom and Genoa to the Ariel'. assistance. The Peninsular and (Mental Steam Navigation Company have the Arid very kea‘ily its stared at Lloyd's. THE CATAMARAN.—It haring been announced that this life-preserving machine would 5 esteribiy make a ',orig.. from Dover to 11 eul egne, accompanied by the Brit.nms steamer, long before the time announced the beach at Dover was thronged with spectators. The mayor and other autho. ritirs of the place were among the numb r, a, also were several nautical, rn.litare, end other scientific 'lent!, use th The band of the 40. h Regiment was in atte n dance. " the hour for the demonstration approach d,'• +aye a corre spondent, "the stiffish south waiter that hid blown in the early part of the morning grew stiller, a n iste chepoing sea robed in the channel, and the breakers heavily lashed the shore. Under these circumstance. the big hest nautieel authorities d.clared that it could be imposainle fir the ' catamaran' to make bead again.t it an as to reach B ulogne; and Mr Hely wee compelled to postpone hi+ trio till nor oat, when, wind, tfcc , permitting, it is to come off." MORTALITY IN TUE METROPOLIS.—Iiiiitt hundred and forty-one persons died in London lest week. Thia num ber does not ranch the average of the season ; but a much more favourable account would he given by the registrar general, were it not for the ravages of sea let fever, typhus, and small-pox. The first of these maladies killed rest t tree tines its ordinary number during the stein days, and typhus and small pun nearly twice their average itutalbr. Tne deaths during the week from these the.* e diereses were 174. By the special notes referring to the fatal er.e., of smsil-pus, it appears that fifteen of these victims of a disetpaiii¢ die a-c had not been vaccinated at all, or not dire ugly. The neglect of parents and friends (for these patients appear to have heen nearly all children) must -un ly t c chargeable with the sin of some of these deaths—niece lie potent may no- have their children vaccinated without Net SIR JOHN Ross AND THE HEIR-AT-LAW SOCIETY. —Sir,—ln reference to proceedings in the 'nee vent —inert," re George Hoes," in which my name is represent. d (on the 30th ult.) by your report as " having figured ii, the prospectuses of the Heir-at-Law Society," &c., I have t .recoest that you will be pleased to state, that if my 1111 , 110 h.- itputartd in any of the prospectuses of the Heir-at Leer S ciety. it was without either my knowledge, consent, or authority, and alw i k i t I a m not, and never have be, n, connewed with that society, nor have I advanced to it any money.—Jour Ruse. —North-West Castle, June B. THE SUGAR QUESTION-MEETING AT LIVERPOOL. Yesterday a meeting called by the Mayor was held in Liverpool, to hike into consideration the present d, pressed 1 state of the West India interest. The meeting was nu merously and respectably attended. The MAYOR briefly opened the meeting, and Mr. F. Shand moved the lint resolution : That the imperial parliament In pawing th Emancipation Alt, in IMM, pledged the national faith to the honest and viten wit workiaa it put, with Me regard to the maintenance at our colonist praptrty, and the encouragement of free labour in our ooloul d pwwwwW,a. C.d./twee:we, Esq., briefly seconded the resolution. fl assured the meeting that be had no present interest in the West Indies, lout from his acquaintance with those adani , - he believed no man knew better than himself how itrea fully the interest:it/tete had suffered and the pl oprit tors of We.t Ini.inn property had been oppressed. The MAYOR was here about to put the resolution to the meeting. when Mr. W. BATHBONE rose and said—Mr. Mayor. before tha resolution is put. I have an amendment to move. (AO please. S And I assure you, Mr. Mayor, 1 will take the viers proper precaution yon gave at the outae., 1 wed educe* en • tC use mew the tom and Ps toe luevtiou. so , / t should hops that on a question where humanity is• ooncerned But here was the evil. He had many friends erneegst ti ts to speak with a calmness and a judgment which can ouly West Ineian interest, and they hail e•implet ee d erapport the true foundation en which humanity should rest. to hint of Vele iamb-wry: eil estates. He ead read The resolution I have the honour to propose is this : to them " Did you ever see your estates ?" nh That the experiment of emancipation has been crowned with the no," was the reply; they had nevi r been wellin (14 510110 gratifying degree of emcees, In no far as concerns the condition t i b l o p.dui n c sa tedai n ß d krit m athii i; i t ur a i e s e; o r 1 , t at, h t , n ,erei e d m weth i i.,oir a . da l of the coloured population of our °goatee, eneepthing nine-tenth . of t the whole. That th e neglect et improvements In the mode of coin 'Mien and management—the est/maim prenlente of absenteeism — the want of sufficient capital, together with the iejudietoos treatment torte to greM lof the labourer., both during the period of apprenticeship and nines l an d ? The cotton martumetarers rat Ire •, g; 0,1 h m fn e dt b ii E t s ;: n t s r t ' c u t,o p i u m e en s: t o m n r y t' Contin en t pe o rno w .r .iantegn;r: this,hat l e n: , j e l d y t e r 1:: e ith e nut u , A : n t:a l t s: tetdho sot peeve. 1 its termination-are cane of the palpable and .,,r d : l n ree ttot t h th ea . ii t ses z.tt o e, fik uo c rf e toi y se au • p preee row n o t o el n ep . zo ol iotitoo o.titute f a co vi lo r n tua len l ..T kno leit r a le, r i e g t of inondown Is more profitable than that of freemen, thus alfording to l e t n ha e d er ae...1 u r.b n other nations a plausible reason fur adhering to slavery. test, on behalf of the country at large, against a tax beta (Cheers and hisses.) Now, my friend., I will keep you a placed upon sugar, in order that the sum an aceruin short time. Hear me ; and, if you disagree w it h me, go into the pockets of the growers. eir. Thureelv en tutu ans wer me—but hear me. Now, Mr. Mayor, I confess lam parliamentaryy M r . cu by remarking that it should not be sappo.ed • hat th,• res ew u much surprised to-day as I was on a former occeeion, quoted Hodgsonnn had lien be when I came into thin room, of the claim+ made by the West the Indians ; and here I am reminded of the Militant epeech small majority. made by a rev. gentleman new present, when he said the et claims of the West Indians aatoniahe'l him much, because Mr. C. Rosearitote recend , d the amendment. He thei: claims really went beyond what Shakspeare could hare pn-esed his surprie o that such res u rel. imagined ; because they were not content with " the pound mantel ehould be bmnelat fern at et thin time of day_ of flesh," or "ta n bond," bat they must have both, now that all the fallacies ot monop s ly hod been knocked (Laughter, cheers, ad heves.) If was not an emancipa- upon the head by free traders. If those who yr en. i .en the tiuni.t before, I would then thank that rev. gentleman for prefent movement were sincere in their desire for th e i j n ,. h .ving strengthened me in the principles of human (man- struction of slavery, let them gn for the free lima .static* cation. What is asked ? The West Indians have here 01 all sugar raised by free labour in ether p.:r„ of the haul 20,000,0001. How far that wu wisely bestowed or world an well as In our colonies, and not only (. r re erietiee e upon, but the total prohibition ot, all seamen, en sue , , not wisely bestowed I will not stop to inquire. It was The u mendment and renolution heel g been P an honour the country to have bestowed that 20,000,0001; e , under to and if that 20,000,0001. had been properly laid out at :he similar rcumotances to the termer tutu, tie or.gim e e'en was declared to be curried. time, it would have bought the whole of the West holies. (.' Cries of " no, no," and " yes, yes," followed by hiesoa The. Rev. Dr. M'Netea proposed the le xt r ee ,e, and cheers.) You are quite right to say " no, no, if you the effect that the meeting bete!) , clui.pereveil d . Cis. differ from me, but that is my impression. But Ido not lotion so much at variance with Betas' ju• ice, stit itish yippee(' gentlemen will at all deny that 20,000,0001. were consistency, and with Bre tals ionionr, ene heel- el her given Ivy the country at large to obliterate that blot from :tern , s gnvernme .t to a iiiiameee to 4- orry out humanity and (rem English freedom. I hope that will nut the original intentions et the limene•yatt to Art. It wee to e lie disputed to-day, It nsay, ooo perhaps, be foreign to the as an o pp onent of tree trio that be CA , Ge lei• '0 edd rwe question to mention that 10,,0001. have been also given the meeting, for toe was bee to \ r the wok to Inland to We them from starvation. (Question.) ouch a cenilition that free trade remit h • rev et. d• ut hel p. I assure you 1 am not a very unpractise d s p eaker, fairly, universally, lie would not ionly *pee hat e; . esti if gentlemen will wait they will see lam with it—if a.I mankind could hippy L ie ep_ei , adhering to the question, because I believe teat war could break out no more--as (Ur MeNcile) in both instances it his encouraged that absenteeism which was once solemnly auswed by an hionourab.e messier for has linen the destruction of the West Indian colonies. Now, one of the divisions or teat orate" it 'weer could. gentlemen, I am one of those who do not think that a lint the hon. genheinau who advocated free trade did no righteous emote can be supported by unrighteous mean,, go the whole length. Why sup with ,uear? ', r e p not The abolitionists began with the cry, in which I believe apply it to the machinery by which cheap aueer w s p ro . them to be sincere, and wbich I know them myself to be (loud ? Was the loo.i. gentle man p:epar• d w e ,, the full sincere in saying that free labour is properly—and I admit length ? Why, then, nut bare free tr eer is elav ? All it in properly—made use of on the present occaseon ; and protee'ion, it had been ail 1 , na.ant rethitie. It this were hi re I mey say that I have no fallacies to uphold. Ler so, the police officer who guerdce our home et nieht was truth stood on a broad basis, and, if it cannot stand on that, binnell a rubber, and every g utle:ean watt it shall nut stand for me. The abolitionists started with the ho ton to his pocket was a defrauder of ihe thief. (Litightua proposition, that tree labour, properly used, wu superior to The reverend speaker, after gain,/ a lo••..t is cto o a it, the sluvo labour; and Ino e believe that that is the cane, and that government how they ervereded in the in et, r, ce urea h. ume causes aro operating now that operated then to pre- the meeting upon the gro mel jue —aeon the et , oaf of ,ant free labour from coming into fair competition. (11 , ar.) interest—upon the ground of eumaeley, to tupp-rt the I for one will never consent that the West Indies, who have resilution. done wall in the days of prosperity, !Mould now come as a Mr. Bea meet, in a lengthy speech, ,recede! ti • rem etas interest to ask from us exemption from those evils to hal os . e hide we are all now subject. Ido hope that the people of :tiro v Brower , M.P Liverpool will be firm to these free-trade principles which v . . m proposed the following meatemend : they have held, and not turn their backs upon themselve s. Mr. Itathbone conmeded by moving the amendment, That, although the return knot a ViCiOtlg to a mund I ca j a Mr. C. IIid.I,AND seconded the amendment. He said : I latinn must nottesarily tat Um the totem:et. ••f ties, eau hare profited by the continuant, of each a inst. noetau d'ef sat eontead, standing es we (the oppesitien) do, disinterested consider that either des result, or the e:sieoenth of sty ,k t p ar time ; unconnected with the colonies any mere thus with on the trade of the West ineoes, ore f.,011, why r nalustrioce all parte of the world, with a wish to extend commerce to all ciao... of thin country Mendel be iax•- I for fur it, , -ales;-..tni the enamel parts of the world—standing here as an impartial jury, interest; and would further reds es it. o;inoss, that our rest. tutees trust, rept' seuting the feelings of the great Meer of the towperming en the trade or io.titistry of the coonues, Usual. mete te, should be forthwith recuot.d. people of England—we are the right party who shone, now examine closely the question propounded to us, aad He deprecate,' the idea that he .11120 there to give a verdict nut corn extent only w i th the i nterests o f a o ee-give the remotest assist:trite to th e .lave treda abhorred teen or party, hut the• which is necessary and essential to it; hut he never nouhleensent h tux the British politic, by the happiness of the whole of this great community. His • differential dell, for the b nefit of a clans insrest. e worship, gentlemen, has already told you that there aro two showed that the act of 1846 could tent have pro owed the phases ut this question—two main features of it—the quer,- ',lave Uncle in Rio in 1847. Commercial Ireabon tend - i to tem of philanthropy on the incl hand, that of free trade and d , -crease the chance of wear, and Le ia way. mid so; nnt thatwer comm• ice as it affect' our West India colenies on the other. would be effectually prevented by free trade. He rued aa Tnere is a curious sneer: between these two questions. Some extract from Sir E. Bowen, to show that all our arteepte to bow or other they have managed to dovete'l the question of prevent the slave trade only aggravated it horror. aid philanthrepy with that of the cultivation of sugar in our jur, el the West teems. Mr. Brown concluded by moving %%Wet India colonies. The question of philanthropy, how• the amendment. ever, hes been touch lilt out of view in propounding Mr. CLATIPOLE seconded the amendment. Ile contended the ?notelet' b lore us, but we seall doubtless hear ot that we should have slauegrown sugar *heeler the resole it afterwards . I contend ' that we, the people of England, tons of Lord G. Ben: inek were carried ur rot. have a right to treat th m arparately as two distinct (Mr. C was still ipe eking when our report was made up propositions. I maintain, on the grimed of philanthropy, for despatch by the train.) that we, the pen: le ot England, have shown nobly in the face et the w ,tld, that we were willing to try th:. question of philanthropy at any cost hitherto. We have tried it, and I em sorry that, notwithstaading all we have suffered and done accemplieh that which we were told would be done by our suff..riug, the problem still remain, unsolved—the evils still exist; and, ds spite the many years' warfare against sherry *nick we hey,: carried on—d, spite the millions «pent with that object —despae the enormous expenditure of life aad of treasure which we are now yearly undergoing—despite the millions of money now spelt in keeping up a fleet on tee coast of sphe all thew, and is spite of the prevent sacrifice of 1,200,0001. a year, which we are sill paying, in the shape 01 a prot• ctiun to the British colonies—ticipitc all thew, gentlemen, we have not mode one more in advance ; and slavery, instead of decreasing, mull sores us in the face with aggra eared harries. Mr. Powell Buxton has placed it clearly he- fore you—the horrors of slavery, of the middle passage ot the voyage from Africa, hive actually been aggravated by the very means which we have taken to prevent it. I therefore, gentlemen, demur, on the part of the people of England, to the centineacce of this experiment at the expt sit the ' labouring claws ot thin country. For who is it, gentle1:1111, who have provided the minims of money in the shape of an merges-el Duce of sugar to maintain the wariere of slavery ? Who is it pas it? Is it we, gentlemen. dressed in broad • cloth met here, I should like to know? No, of our' , revenue of fifty millions and odd, thirty millions and odd, shout two thirds, ere in colle.tion by indirect taxation, which fa•la upon the labouring man especially. And is this a time, I should like to know, to call upon the labouring ' and iticlustriou• closes of the country to ma - e a further earnitiee ? Aee they so prosperous, I should like to know, 113 fully employed, now enjoying so niece of luxury, that they can come forward at this time of day, and say wo are prepared to make another effort and menthe ? To me, they put it le a mod, at shape : it I. Only to he 4s. in favour ut the West 'when proprietor,— nly 800,0001. or 900,0004., , perhaps 1,000,0301 , —we will cell it so in round numeens! and th. y sey, it you will only make thin small additional sacrifice, in addition to the indiums already paid, we will undertake that the e xporianent of des roye g slavery shall be ancceyfally wily d. Now, if this enormous amount of cx pasiditerc already heel out has trot preveuted but increased the horrors of the system, is it clear thee this additional small sacrifice, coat arativ , ly (:hough it involves a million of memos, murk you!), will, foreoeth, put the seal upon the great work, which, aeter thiry 3 ears of indefatigable labour, :Las reaulayl in tithing? It is perm:famous. But now I leave the philanthropy part of the subject, and go to the special coo which the gentleman who moved the first resolution cedleti aetthtion to—namely, the special case on behalf of the West India colonies. Ile claimed, gentlemen, at your hands this ametional tax in their favour-, and come quently a breach et fait. tin the part of the legislature of Luis country terser the West India proprietors ; or the ogee quences would not only be fatal he themeout to the negro iehutricenta of this ouun ry. eVith regard to the negro class, I I only wish that I could see the industi mead oases of this noun. try one half so well red or employed as the present negro lulu : twee oof 1.11, Olga ties. And Veen I see tnat the report ofthe es g overno: of these colonies corrolorative of this, speaks au the hien. .rt terms of teen fl iu tiring c indition,who are in fact Decree all inset:old. es thromehout the islaud—when I see this, is it net too bad. representing, as I presume I do, tee seetimeets of the industriuu• claws iv the counoey, that you elteule call upon me to airline upon this class—(no, tie) --a •urther tax, hi do what? Why, to carry out, as Ile. Stiaoid s eiel, the accomplishment of emit act which resultel iu pl icing the negro inhshi aut in bevel. condition. We have p aced him so. (Mr. Holland, in proof of his asserion, read an er r .ct train Au offi:ial report, which, in anew, r to a gni etion to pini, he said related to Jamaica) He con usual—No sooner has the negro been emancipated, and placed as a lien lateourer there, than one of the systems adopted by the We t India planters has been to lay addittenal tel. a upon 'he imp arta of those articles coneutmel by the neer.) intiabitatite. Wear.) The object of this hue ben to raise a revenue to import free emierants from Alr.ca to the ELY ladies Therefore, gen lemen, et there has been any decline in the condole.. ot the negro mhabeanr, it ' , meet uot be owing toe breach of faith on the part eet the national 10. blature, but the hostile act rit the West India planters Now, let us leek at the West India plant,. himself : look at lam spewed case. Ester in the height of protaeh at, up to the tint, of •he Enteeeipoino Act, it ap pea s from the sec ede of history, treat toe planter even than wa• 'mould! before the pu elle with the genie complaints as at ' this ,lay We know that they had an amide tom given to the mat the time of I nuncipaion. tw. nay oat li one, and nu 7 they want an annual rum ot 1 000,6601. for six years. He would not e resent to tax the people ot Eneland tor the h. re fit ut the planters. Th amenuue nt was then put, and afterwards the original refolutieu. Tne mayor deeleree this latter carried, amidst ' cries ut " No, no." Mr. A. HetDOSON moved the wean , ' resolutioo, and the lice. Mr. N °Lex seconded it. Mr. T. TliottNELT, M.P., rose to pr 'pose 161 TelltielleMeell At the mat eminent poblec men of our own and former timns—supported I,y the all but uostumnus coke of the country- have pronounced mowing , to eie id me Mama deal. , de. trimental to the elawas fore/bum lasted. its imposed, as well us to these teem the :rues of whose tedustry dun merighteeis et ietbot to levee!—this Meeting protests against the propisiman mete ty a eon.- mime of the House of Commie. tor uutiettsothig, during the next six years, is (Intel venial duty in favour of dritt h y moo Aso • °gars of ten skim** per era., which, Oil the qua..t.ty tileliee in 1647. wonni be edmil to a t.x tie the wane-malt, of ne leas than 2,40.1 ; 11./. por annum. foe the lament of the along, noes, mei to a 'oat to the • -achepuer, by tae redo:alum .04 the duty fr. feast-en to ten MON., mahout any wenteasming of 1,9A,0ti01. per annum. It had treen hi, determination to attend the meeting humbly to °ppm. , the ri solut:on welch he presemed ',mull be sue enitteri, t ales I , should have heen shoe re tort that el atter al 1 he in .era• in ...ravine. 'lee rev. gee wan aad nd dressed thou bed gone wide in liii 'in',':. in ie.serei.l4 that Lord . orgs Baitinek's e 1111T.V. i Ire; veldt Frowner JY'll auger. Frew LLD •e'e) he had olepoovd slavery: he esti eve e• a , hut it wee to his view, totally ha r e. ee e • -ie.' g fere ,got preeuere, to deetruy the sieve it ns• : se • et' ver ve.: were the importers of the prettier c '• • .oil. which wee the proeuce of slaver). i • - h -.a as strong a lodate as al, one for the ma. •1 Indians; hut th -ate distress-se, it must I. e by no melte of re rent dire. The Wt,: I i <, ts ureter mod" yr t, whith had incurred e• ,• . t , o WI rent ram et w ore extraordir.ey •oe es• r'lie V"; e of. • 6 LETTERS TO WORKMEN AND THEM EMPLOYERS.—Lames I. There elan be no doubt that tnere is et pr. o at con siderable estrangement of fe , ling between • porte,., .it the working men and the portion of society which is generally classified into the aristocracy, the er, fassinual and the emp.oyers of labourers. With a view to fie up the unseemly and dangerous gap thus oecaiotted is cir.y it is desirable that the alienated classes should be brou _le into closer juxtaporition by some means that would predue union, by raising the working men in the social ,tale. And the main object of these letters is to snow ho • this may be effected. Before proceeding, however, to . xamme the elo ments which exist for elevating the operative to It paricipa tion in some of the advantage s of the capitalist class, it may be useful to examine a di onvricelly opposite plan, whisk has been proposed for the same purpose and has linnet many • partisans—the partition, in tome shape or other, of the gains of awitaliste among the workmen . To this en.: it is first of all itece-sary to know the exact nature and reach of the views enterteitied be the an•icapi talists. It is to be hoped that th.y have noilesige of niter tering ' with actually existing capita', wi•li past profits gaited and realised into property. This would be koil.ttion; and the visions of those who would confiscate the p. party of the wealthy to divide it among the poor, aid attempt to make a general equalisation, have fortunately lone been dispelled in this country. Every workmen knows that the ~, share he would get in the common spoil would not compen- ' sate him many weeks for the inc tine lee to him by driving out of existence the claw wt o can afford to buy his com modity. The carpenter and the mania would have each his fragment of the rich man's mention ; but would that com pensate him for the abolition of mansion beedina ? The carpet weaver would get his share; but wh. re would be his petition when he feted it fixed by law that no one here after ehould be rich enough t • buy carpets? No! ultimately we may conclude that any such project of spoliatioti and equalisati proj, et which, to be effective, would regain to be repeatei almost deity, for the evening would not see those who were equal in tee morning still equal—,f it ever seriously had devotees among the working clauses, must long ago have been abandoned by them. Presuming, then, that the opp cents of tiro hallo nee of capital du not propose to confiscate it, we m ust also presume that they will allow the piesessors of it to draw *.he market interest Wnat the workers then propose to divide amoig themselves is merely the profit et espies!, that profi• which arises over sad above the interest. If they eau by any 1. gitienat• peaceful proceedi..g get this sum to flow into tour own pockets iustaad of those at the capitalists no one will deny that they are entitled to d i ea. Tee market is open to free competition, and if the men who have not capital cm any management or organises ion suecess - ully compete with thou who have, and gain toth the wages and the profits of their trade, certainly letthem do so. Raving brought the question to this point, let me consider whether this yea ly is posdhle ; whether any promis s to eccomplieb it are likely to be ful ' filled ; and whether it is an enterprise on which the working classes can prudently embark. In the first plate I suspect they muck miscalculate the value of the fund to be divided Immense as are the riches of this country, there is little doubt thiat the sg.regate of all other incomes put together would be small m conioarition with the aggregate of the sums paid as the wages of hand labour. We have no means of estimating the comparative expenditure of the rich and the poor upon the necessaries of hie, hut even when we lo.ik to the luxuri.s, the vast rimed cedes of the latterconvert thesums, unfortunately so minute, which they can individually apply in tne direction of enjoy mew, to a sum tar greater than tnat spent on the abundant and profuse luxuries of the rich. Thus the duties oa te eaeeo—the poor man's indtegence, amounted in 1846 7, to 4,336,1631., while the duty on wines realise 1,930,6/01. In the same year the imports of turtle—pr merbially the capitalists'luxury—amounted to 616 ern , While the wtantity of sugar entered for home consumption reached 6,231,848 ewe tile, perhaps, a toonatural feeling to the poor exhausted artisan, returning from his hard work to his scanty food, that ' the great capitalist's carnage, which hes just whiled by and spattered him with dust or mud, is the emblem of a fort toe re teed out of his exhausting labour, and that the social sys tem which makes so unequal a division cannot be right and just. But he is act to foga that the capitalist is but one. while he and his brother workmen are th0u5...13, and that the sum which olskes the one rich would be but a small per centage on that which supplies the multitude with their scanty livelihood. They forget, also, the still more important querton because it is the question of justice or in lu•tice—whether a farthing of that money i. actually t Ikea trum themselves, in such sort that if the eapit diet aid not obtain it the y would. Suppose 20 men to make each 2301. a rue by a joint-stock manufactory, pr.b tbly the workmen would not c insider them extravagantly rewardid ; they would see in them modest, plain men bringing up their le ' ratites in decent simplicity. Suppose, however, the whole 5,0001. a year to go to one man, the contrast is greater, the object is not so pleasing to the mind—profuse wealth and abject poverty are brought too near each other; but is the matter anywise different to the working men 1 do they lose by the change Unfortunately for the argument again,* 'be large capitalists, they are the verging who can afford t 5 deal on the smallest profits. The man whose capital is but 3001. or 4001. must make 60 per cent. on it ; he rt vireo it in ive. He who brings into the field 100,0001. is perhaps content with 2 or 3 per cent, of clear profit over interest. With regard to thus item of interest, which generally forms the larger share of the capitalist's income, even under a system of communion, it would still have to be paid to him, unless his capital itself were cosfikeited. If any set Of workmeu, amounting to one, two, three, or four thousaad, as the cue may be, unite to conduct miliankletories on the co-operative system, they must have capital, otherwise they cene• t pr is aro edifices, machinery, and raw material. That thei have not this capital themselves is the great object of their complaints; therefore tney must borrow it, and, as a innatror,,;lt)reeouflitt, w pi t y r th h e o c n n u rre tly n car t interestried t o w n ith th o e u l t om pi:i Thus, in social revolution would go no farther than this—that the present owners of capital, instead of employing it than e, lees, would land it out at interest to be employed by cer tain societies of workmen, and the great first practical 'intuit's' would be to satisfy the capitalists of the soutelnees of the investment ; while the really ins pot tent consideration, it this difficulty were got over—which is a questionable supposition would be, woctior the revolution would he set any service to the wonting Glasse theinsolvea 1 whether it would but a 10•41.6 iNpaa4l-3 , ;0 ag owlmr..l Ap. GERMAN Y. AUSTRIA. —The condition of the empire continueS to be characterised by thrrateninga or appessiehing dissolution. The Winer Zribrny, of the titer June, contains a ministerial re ecript declaring that numer ous petitions have been forwarded fiom Bohemia, praying that the Provis!onal Government in Prague may not be recognised ; and that the ealtine t abides by its resolution to regard that b edy as illegal sued un constitutional. In Prague, on the other hand, a de claration has been published by Count Leo Thun, in which he announces his determination to pay no at tention to the injunction.' of the ministers a Vienna, and to receive instructions as to his conduct from the Emperor alone. He takes the whole responsibility of the measure adopted at Prague upon himself, addin.; that " the lawless proceedings at Vienna have ren dered it impossible for the government of the land in trusted to my care to move in a strictly legal path." The session of the Hungarian Diet is to be opened at Pestli on the 2nd of July, and the Hungarians give out that the Emperor intends to be present on the occasion. The Hungarian papers have announced the unconditional sub ..tsaion of the Bann of tleastia ; but in this they are premature. Baron Jelachich (the Bann) demands, before he consents to the incor poration of Croatia into Hungary, guarantees for the continuance of the union with Austria, the subordinati en of the Hungarian ininiwriere of war and finance to the general government of the empire, and the maiatenance of the military frontier iu its present organisation, and in immediate dependence on the minister of war at Vienna, free from any inter fere nce of the Hungarian minister at war. It is highly probable, too, that the announcement in the Hungarian papers that the Diet of Transylvania had decreed the incorporating union of that pro vince with Hungary is premature. A declara tion of tho Saxon colonists in Transylvania (who constitute eleven circles of the Bennet), published in the beginning of June, appeals to their German brethren to protect them from an incorporating union with Hungary, even should the Emperor sanction it, and declare that they will mist it to the last. There are as many elements of discord in the would-be united and independent kingdom of the Magyars as in Austria itself. Meanwhile the Austrian provinces seem to be on the eve of resolving themselves into a number of distinct and independent nations — German, Italian, Sclavonian, and %gear. The court at Itinspruck appears still to contemplate playing the game of keeping down each province by the instru mentality of the soldiery of some other. The various nationalities of which Austria is made up are to be played off against each other. At the latest dates from Innspruek, Count Bombelles and other re-action aries are said to have been banished the court since the arrival of Messrs. Von Wessenberg and Von Dobbeloff ; but the proceedings of the lath of May are still denounced in bitter language, and obseare hints continue to be thrown out as to the possibility of its being found necessary to hold the constituent meeting or the states general elsewhere than in Vienna. Count Stadion was expected at Inns pruck from Lemberg, to take upon him the presidency of the ministerial council. Ebt court. The court will, it is expected, leave Osborne this afternoon for town. The Queen D4wager paid a visit to the Duchess ot Cambridge. on M lay, at C .mbridge-house. The Duchess of &lac-Weimar and the Princesses Anna and Anseli, ot Stro-Weimer and suite, yesterday visited the new ball and literary and the chapel of Lincoln's inn. They were reedy. 41 by Mr. tiwstudon,Q C., the trea surer, Mr. P. Cooper, Q.C., one of the boot hero, an the It v. Mr Anders•m, the preacher. The illugrious ♦isitors ad .ett t,eir signatures to thoye of other royal and diode guishe4 perenriages in the ancient book of the society. Lord John Russell left his residence in Richmond Park, rook:Hay. tor Portsmouth. The Earl of Auckland and Lord Palmerston left town, yestehlay, f.r Portsmouth. The FArl of Burlington had an interview with Sir G. Orry, yesterday, at titr Finrno, (From laq night's Gazette.) OFFI , I*: OF ORDNANCE, Jilts I. Royal Reg. of Artillery.—Maj..Oen. 1. W. tlatith, 0.8,, to be eel.. c ommuidant, vice Lieut.-Gem. Ramon, deemed. OFt ICE 01 , ORDNANCE, Joss 10. Royal sappers and HIM, —Capt. 1. Walpole, of the Royal En gineers, io t o in.ij ir of brigade, vice promoted. DRAWINO -ROOM.—Notice is given in list night's ru_•e to tea her Majesty will hold a drrwiog•room on Charedry, 22ud ir.et. BOTANICAL News —We have to announce the re ot the curst , ratip of the B )tanic Gard.m, Chelsea, by Mr For.o .e, envaged by the East India Company to re •:,31 t. Chins, try tne purpose of procuring tea plants and ; e•4l r cis tea plantations in the Himalayas ; and the ap -1.• suer ..Ir Mr. Thomas Moore in his room, upon the re et .• t.' int of Dr Lindley. We have also to add that Kr Har rg htu i &mot d to E-'gland with a collection of Horticultural Society, after an absence of two at • , I t,glit in whs. the greater part of which time was JJJJ ic—Gankners' Chronicle. bOyO.RiyicriArMip.—tio. a mof ony, T n he f :. 'iende o m fth e is , ' a h 4, to nesr.• tglul towards discharging the expenses in ware at Is engaged with tho Bishop of e• • 1 , K bmosa. L natio wt task ' iat of au hi.