The Express. — London, England, 1851-04-05 00:00:00

LITERATURE. Niaereh asd Perp. , poli.t. By W. S. VA", M.A. Third Edition. Hall, Virtue, sad Co. The English are called a preeminently practical people. The not iv curiously interpreted; at one time it is our boast, at another it is made a ground of reproach, but it perpetually recurs; it is reflected ! not only in our great material achievements, in rail roads and manufactures, but in the public and politi- I cal institutions of the country: in the form of the con- ! stitution: and in the national representation. It WWI before a public like this—a " nation of shop keepers." as Bonaparte phrased it—that an unknown and modest voung man came forward to speak of what relics iie had found of a city buried above two : thousand years ago in the solitude and do-' solution of the desert. Instead of turning away ; disgusted ut the name of a town which could neither I send raw material nor open its markets f`o the ma nuthetund article. the "shopkeepers" with one eon- I sent turned to their informant with mingled curio sity and respect, felt grateful for news from a long- I lost world, though only connected with it by a corn mon humanity, and gave its discoverer a place among the most illustrious of their countrymen. Austen Henry Layard is a name hnuourea and I cherished in our families, and Nineveh and Nimnual • have lavvane household words. In one year the British public has paid to two booksellers for Win , I motion about the ancient Assyrians and their works' more than 2o,issq. But the interest felt here in ; theso ancient people cannot be estimated by refer-1 ewe to what ha. ken paid. Lecturers, preachers, I and lierintlical writers have found the most attrac tive thellll , and illustrations on the same subject, and the last great seheme of popular literature which has been announced optna with a new exposition of "Nineveh, the Buried City of the East." Theme am fuels which those who fear lest our habits of ardent activity should eat out our souls, will do well to take to heart. England has bury, healthy, and pent rous svmpathies yet, and these are cxpnaed, not emnaped:hv the development of those faculties which skim and fu,himi the hard material What are the specific objective causes which have given popularity to researches carried on in the remote Nlcsorpidnitiian desert' Doubtless the basic elentent it. the intent ht ui to thole intestiitu ti 111 l i.e the light they promise to shed upon the mute• of ancient society. I.ayard. Botta. and 'taw- Limon, bola• to ;ttlil a page to the history of man kind, m restoriug the lost annals of Assy ria. Happily Englund contains a large public ready to elatt-r with 301 . 01 into such a liberal and gene rous entetprise. It is true, we are not in the habit of Atoning our convent in these matters by rushing tie govennut...t unit asking the parliament, which can hardly make up its mind to provide the seuntiest in tellectual lanai fur our own poor, to vote mom). for our intellectual luxuries. Ilut our nunwrous tiocictits fir the pcmnotion of valuable, though unmarketable infornustion, prove that in our own wa)• we can and do maintain the honour of our country in the depart ment of learn d researeh. But if th , : learned classes have honour to bestow, they cannot confer fume ; they nay pronumue the merits of a euntliclute. hut they cannot render hint popular. 't he lurgast proportion of tilt blltet4s of the works on Nincrt h is not ot present so much due to tea• ecutrul aji et of itmuit) the place of Assyria in tea• histisy itm•ieut society -We to certain exter nal n Wants of that sulijimt, and also to some peculi arities in tea• yin:rm.-tams, under which the general iuynin• has been introduced to public notice. (ha• of the nutty external relutimut of the sub- ject is its bearing upon s velours: history, and espc eiall♦ upon tea• customs of the nations by which the children of Israel were surroundtsl. Niutroud, the fouoder of Nineveh, is a seripturul character of WWI! intemst. 'I he date of the city carries us buck tee the age befoit• .‘broliam. who migrated from its imme diate neighbourhood. Hen• Jonah prophesied, and hither was many u Jemish captive ltd. wont in timute relatiots of the Jewish people were with the Assyriuns: their languages wen• cognate, and when er the former forsook the worship of the true God, it bras to tea• idols worshipped in Assyria that they turned. %Viten eltatnrillion and the French savmw aidarl by our own tiouug. began to untuvel the mysttn•i:s of Egypt. u thim.and hopes were chi...! risked that at leagth a light would shine on the many doulttlul ICSSSIgt.,, in the micred records of the Jews, but their hopes have ended in disappointment.' In fact. not 0 ithstimiling a residence of tour hundred emirs in Egyp: Israel came out much ns it had entered. , mn•mblunctsof the two nations were not greater Hunt must always subsist hetwi co eastern people. With Assyria it is dilfcrcut. Temples. sculpture,' customs, eve is ri ligi,ms symbols, ls•:u• a striking mu tual likeness in both countries. The monuments of its.yriu are ithedrating the Kaervil literature of the llebrewo, which, in turn. is throwing a light on the unrolling of At..‘rian remains. To quote but one in stant et there is mason to believe that that my:ste rime. abject of I,4nelitish idolatry, the Grove, is at length diiwtoeted in the tree-like symbol. situ in several of the Ninny/ad marbly," now in the British Mme um. The religion. reference of Assyrian research, then, is one of it- 14 lations, which would be sure to com mand a large share of attention iu Englund. Other] aspects, not so generally commanded, but not less striking, me presented by the Assyrian monuments to the sculptor and architect ; these, too, have been toniestly studied, and sonic of our hest artists have applied them-rives to assign to Assyrian art its in ancient civilisation. But the beet which more than all besides has tended to make Nineveh and its relics a popular subject is yet to be mentioned. In the great text book of Assyrian research, the archasological loge is interleaved with a narrative rivalling the excitement of romance. Mr. Layard has drawn largely upon that fund of sympathy with adventure and ishieve meld which. sieve Defoe, has never failed a good writer. The nerve, patients., tact. and off-luind eta ratter of the adventurer were just what Englishmer were nurvioadmire. Withoutdroppinghischaracteroil a gentleman and man of business, Mr. Layard ettieted in a few months a work which any professed antiquary might envy. Alone and with scanty means he plunged into the desert• among barbarous prowling tribes. BY these he managed to make him self both loved suet feared ; he appeased their fana ticism. restrained their depredations, and by their aid earned off a whole museum of sculptured monu ments. The merely subjective hopes, fears. diffi culties, disappointments, and triumphs of Mr. Liquid. of themselves, form a story which would secure attention to any object with which its inci dents were assisiuted. The scene and its accessories too, were attractive. The wild Arab tribes, now 'hog like au army acniss the desert to fresh pas tures, and now spreading out their black tents far as • the eve could reach over the plain : the caravans, the hunting ptu ties. and all the tree pursuits of taistoral life mingled with the story which described the dis covery of u hidden world. The crafty and avaricious Parka appears. to Ix• outwitted; the powerful robber sheik, to be seized in the midst of his tribe and cur ried off until restoration has been duly made. It is because to learned research Mr. Layard brought a sailor's ardour. a soldier's courage and fortitude, and a merchant's coolness and system. that he has sue eroded at once in Assyria and in England. In the present work, Mr. Vaux, who is one of the scholarly assistants in the antiquity department of the British Museum. has endeavoured to combine the I severe) results of the discoveries of Niebuhr, her I Porter, Airier, and Rich, and to bring down to the present time the intinsnation which has been col lected by Luynrel and Botta. His volume is therefore a digest of much valuable information, otherwise scat teredthrough many storecandexpensivevolumes. The aim is not to give a specific and detailed narrative of individual adventure, nor yet, on the other hand, to supersede the separate perusal of any of the many authorities from which it his been compiled, but to state simply what has been accomplished. Ancient history recovered monuments, and cuneiform inscrip tions combine to illustrate dm narrative of ancient Assyria, which is neatly connected with the subse quent course of events on the Tigris. None of the contents of this volume are more worthy of attention than those which contain the history of the interpretation of the cuneiform writing of the Assyrian inscriptions. About the beginning of the present century, an unknown scholar studying at the university of Bonn was bold enough to attempt, without the advantages of Oriental learning, to extract the hidden meaning of an inscription copied by Niebuhr from a monu ment at Persepolis. Men of the most powerful in , telleet were just applying themselves to discover a , !phonetic language in the hieroglyphics of Egypt.' with what gicat results is at this time of day suffi ciently known. But the Rosetta stone discov ered in , Egypt contained a Greek manuscript of the hiero glyphical sentences. Plutarch had dissected the Pan , theon, and given the names of the gods; and Manetho had classified the dynasties, and transmitted „ the names of the kings. Without these helps the meaning of the signs might have remained a mystery to this day. No such aid awaited the young German. The inscription upon which he commenced his la hours was written in three lauguugt what they were was doubt fu ; whether either was aknown tongue con cealed under this curious alphabet wasuncertain. The first step, then, was to find out what sounds were represented by these signs, before inquiring what those sounds night signify when ascertained. AU this has been dune; and with so much certainty, that Major Rawlinson at Bagdad, and Professor Lassen at Bonn, sit down to interpret the same passage, and furnish readings only just discre— pant enough to show that they have not acted in • concert. Now, if this be but un accidental coinci dence ; if by assuming that certain unknown signs are the equivalents of ctrtain known letters, exactly , the names which we might expect come out from the process; if the right letters always occur at the right part of the words, and are found in other words coin ' posed of the saute elements ; lastly, if all that is found in these inscriptions when interpreted agrees with history, and only van, s to make it fuller and more exact—then we have au accumulation of probabilities in favour of the MIUM:11(113 of the principle of inter pretation which tanwit be rejected without shaking the very foundations of evidence. Among the most interesting points concerning which the inscriptions nay be expected to enlighten us, are the localities of the very . ancient Assyriun cities whose names are preserved in Scripture. Mr. Vaux says, speaking of THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, APRIL 5, 1851. THE TUES SITE OT NINEVEH. We come now to consider the localities from which most of the monuments have been obtained, and which Major Kewlinsou's sagacity in the interpretation of the inscrip tions and his accurate acquaintance with the remains of Ichosical antiquity, have Vomits gnat light. In the tint place, Nimrod, the great treasure-house which has fur nished as with all the most remarkable sass:imams of Assyrian sculpture, although, very probably, tormiug one tol that group of cities whit h , in the time of the Prophet Jonah, were known by the Gammon name of Nineveh, has no claim, in Major Itawlimem's opinion, to that particular appellation. The title by which it is designated he mad. with some hesitation as Levekh, probably the original form of the name which appears as (Utah in Genesis, and Hulett in the Books of the /Xing and Chronicles, and which, a. the capital of the Italie Celachenis, must have been somewhere to the immediate vicinity. lie Samaritan version of the Pentateuela uses fur the Hebrew Calati the term Lachisa, a term which the Babylonian orthography shows to have he, n absolutely identiell with the Greek name Larissa where by Xenophon it, noted the great ruined capital which was passed by the Ten Thousand, a kW miles to the N. of Orel Lyetis. It has, indeed, been asserted that the Calechene, of the Greeks was a mountainous region, yet such descrip tion as we have, would rather seem to imply the contrary. ! Thus, Strider, lib. lei., in describing Assyria, classes tug,- ther, Td wepl vbr Wear Tibia, &Aomori Tll, MY KMASXIIII* seal XaCsarit a atai evidently intending to express, s j that all thew places were in the low country between the mountains and the Tigris.. In mother part of his work he pasitisely excludes Catmliene from the mauntain district, tor he sacs, lib. xi., ban Tit KaAaeoritt sal rat 'Alhafilosir, Ito rim 'Apaisriaciiir Spew. Major limbo:sin conjectures, that the real and primitive Nineveh, which is frequintly mentioned in the inscriptions,' and appears to base been the proper scat of Assyrian royalty, occupied the side opposite to Mosul, where we now see the huge mount!, surmouuted by the pretended tomb of Jonah. There is historical proof that this mound has been locally called Nines, 11, from the time of the Arab conquest i down to, a period comparatively recent ; for Ibn .tthir, ! quoting from Belaillwri, speaks of the forts of Ninawi on toe east, and of Mosul 1111 the west of the Tigris, in the . accounts of the campaign of Abdullah Ibn blu'etenter iu A. 11. 16, and of 'Oda+ ba Parked in A. H. 20. Again, we may gather from the inscriptions themselves, that the ruins u little to the northward, now called Koyun jik, were not those of the true capital, but probably one of its suburbs. What was the original name of Koyunjik hat not been yet determined, but one form in which it occurs upon the bricks jesestibles the title Meldla, where it was 1 designated by Xenophon. The suburb may, as Major Raw holism suggests, hate outgrown the original capital before the .0111( . 6o/1 of the empire, and have given its own name of Mespila to the whole nets of ruins, which would account watislitoorily fur the firtak historian not mentioning Nineveh; wink., in the em., antiquity may have re-asserted • its right, and have thus revived the ancient and indigenous name of Nineveh. It seems, indeed, hardly possible that • Koyuujik ld shou ,have been the true and original capital,' as it iv clear from the inscriptions that it was built by the sou of the king, who built Khornabad ; while, on the other hand Nineveh is repeatedly mentioned so the royal resi dence, in the inscriptions of the king who set up the Obelisk, and who probably lived a century curlier. No , excavations have us yet been mode upon this presumed site of Nineveh, and it is doubtful whether Europeans will ever be permitted to dig 'ben., owing too the extraordinary' sanctity werewith this mound is invested in the eyes of the Muhanameduns, us the supposed place of the sepulture of the Prophet Jonah. Khorsabuil, the site of the French excavations under M. ! Matta, was a dependency of the great capital ; anti had a particular title, being nutted after the King who founded I it. The name of the King has not been made out for err ! tam how the monuments; hut, under one form in which it ! occurs ' it may perhaps be Sargon, a name which we learn front Isaiah, was in use among the Assyrian monarchs, and which, curiously enough, is the actual designation applied by the early Arabian geographers to these ruins. Yakut, quoting from some unknown ancient author, speaks of Khurstabadh as a Village east of the 'I iv's, opposite to Mosul, among the dependencies of Niuetalt, and adjoining ithe old ruined city of Sarghun. The chronology of Ausyritt has hither baffled all attempts ut reconstruction. The latest and best cepted as a sufficient history of the revolutionary period. It is a vivid condensation of events described in the public journals of the time; but, except here. and there, when the writer's persoual experience comes to his aid and gives reality and life to the I page, the work contains no information which may I not be gathered from a file of any considerable public journal. But then every body does not keep files of the Daily News or the Times, and this volume has thus is! value of its own. The most interesting portion of the I work is that where the doings of " the three glorious daysof March" are described. Here we find a true local colouring which reanimates the scone. The intro- duetory passages Which describe the obvious influ ences which led to the Vienna outbreak of are well condensed. Mr. Peake describes the Austrian monarchy surrounded by friendly nations, where the constitutional system h a d been gradually displacing the ancient forms of government, and the Austrian people, as gradually imbibing the liberal ideas of their neighbours. How these ideas were gradually sown, how they took root and spread; how, us the light of knowledge brightened it re- sealed the pupil's fetters ; how the government endeavoured to oppose constitutional demands for reform by unconstitutional tyranny; how the press was crippled and degraded—these are ques tions which have deep sources, which the author has - not fathomed. Hay by day the government became more at variance with the mass of the people in' matter' on which it is important for social harmony to maintain a cordial agreement. But the tam of Metternich and his coadjutors was not to conciliate and to reconcile. He put his faith in the strength! of cold steel; and put yet another rivet on the slave ! who ventured to complain. It was not given to him I to understand, on a high patriotic ground, the ma jesty of the popular will; with him the Austrian ! people existed only for the support and dignity of, the imperial crown. The lesson which was given to the government, however, by an exasperated people, sufficiently proved the danger of endeavouring to' use a nation merely for the benefit of its sovereign. I It is curious to note how the discontented classes gradually amalgamated—how the individual sense of oppression raised a revolution-working power The formation of the " Legal and Political Read ing Association," in Isl 7, which was joined, accord ing to Mr. Peake, by merchants who were discon .. tented with the absolute control of the minister of 1 finance over the Lining of the National Rank; by numerous classes of literary men, writers, and ekti:s in the service and pay of the government, who com plained of the restraint put on their mental energies I and literary productions; by bankers, and many of, the professors of the arts and sciences in the Vielllitt university, who exercised au extraordinary influence over the industrious and lower classes ; the limmatiom! of au association so constituted, and the open discon tent of the nobles would naturally have aroused an enlightened government to examine into the nature and justice of the popular discontent. It is well know n, however, that it was only after blood had been shed in the streets of Vienna that the Austrian government gave way—that while Metternich was consenting to retire from the government, Win dischgraetz was donning his uniform to direct the troops against the Austrian people. Mr. Peale gives the following interesting details relative to TIIE TALL lIE METTERNICH. The deputations, one and all, demanded the dismissal of Prince Metternieh, and declared that this .ton was the only one calculated to calm the irritation of the people. he noise and coninsion consequent an this demand, re called Prince :Metternich to the council chamber, idyl there he learnt. formally, that the people desired hit dismissal. With the greatest calmness ' he &chiral at once, that it bad been the aim of his whole life to further the interests of the monarchy, and it was no unpleasant Rep for him to retire, if it were really thought that his future presence would pre judice the state he then turned to the Archduke Look, and .aid, that if tine emperor degired it, he would resign his post of minister, but he would nut do to, in consequence of the clamour of the people, The archduke made no answer —und the prir.ce went in to say, that as the people really desired hit retirement, he would resign his functions. Ile then addressed the deputations to the following effort--he 'dated, he had already forgsgain it would he' said, on his re tii he had carried with him the e of the .irement, power of th. state; he protested against such an assertion, for that neither he, nor our other person, singly, had shoulders broad enough to support the burthen, mid that, if the state should he broken up, it could only su happen by its being untrue to itself. On this, the prince retired, amid the loudest shouts and acclamations: a large number of the students mad people, having obtained admission at the gate, docked in to the council chamber, and pawd in the vociferations and uproar and most of them then deforted to spread through the city the intelligence of the resignation of I'rince Metternieh. The council continued its sittings, and soon after. :oda came to the resolution of adopting conciliating measures. As soon as lb ince Windischgratz returned in uniform, to receive his final directions, he was coolie informed that' Prince Metternich had resigned, that the Emperor had con sented to take the demands of the people into consideration, that the deputations had received mstructif ins to make the resolution of minister. known, and that, therefore, all mili tary interference would be useless anti superfluous. The prince at once retired from the council chamber; it awl* imagined with what feelings. The same night the worshipper of despotic power ' fled from Vienna in disguise. On the morrow of his flight, however, the Austrian capital was not tran li - quilliscd. It is a difficult task to quell an outbreak in which all classes or a population hose taken part. We quote 31r. Peake's narrative of THE unlsas OE THE FOERTEENTII OF MARCH. Early on the following morning, the 14th of March, the following imperial edict appeared on the walls, and in the public places of the city:— " To guarantee the security of the imperial city, his ma jesty, the Emperor, hub deigned to order that the sudeuts of the university should be allowed arms, according to a regulation to be duly drawn up, but all strangers were to' excluded from participation in this benefit." And the edict went on farther to say—" The his majesty expected that the burghers, on entering the ranks of their guard, would contribute to reinforce it as much as possible, and ' energetically to re-establish order. That his majesty had already named a committee, to deliberate on whatever means were neteasary fur the re-establishment of quiet, and that it was composed, not only of members of the council, but also of burghers; and his majesty hoped, that in this deci sion would be found a new proof of his paternal solicitude, and that order would be restored but, if such should not be the CAW, that then his majesty would be under the necessity of using force." On this, the burgher arsenal was thrown open, and the officials proceeded to deliver out weapons, not only to the students, but to all other's who el , mantled them. As soon as a certain number of the studeuts had received arms, they formed themselves into* company, and marched, by the side of the burgher guard then assembled, through': I the principal streets, where they were received with deaf ening shouts. But the effects of this indiscriminate delivery of arms were very soon apparent. News arrived in the inner city of thefts, fire*, riots, bandit" and pillage of all kinds taking place in the suburbs; and, amongst other acts of I destruction, of the spoliation of the residence of Prince Met ternich in one of the suburbs. It is due to the students to say, that they volunteered immediately to proceed with the burgher guard and quell these riots ; and they joined them ladles to that body, and marched off to re-establish order. I It thus app, and, that although they had been instrumental in creating all this tumult and disorder, they did nut intend that the lower classes should imitate their example. The military on guard in the city had already ceded some few posts to the burgher guard and students, and these latter now stood sentinel, side by side, with the' soldiers on duty. And now it was decided that a joyous demonstration should take place. The corps of the burgher guard, the students of the university, and those of the polytechnic ! school, and thousands of the inhabitants, joined together in , marching order through the city, with drums beating and white flags flying; women (wilt), the doe before—will it be credited ?—had dipped their handkerchiefs in the blood I of the people first slain) distributed white ribbons, cockades, searfs, wreaths of flowers, and Naas. Who can wonder at the delirium of the mob, excited as they were by these acts? Towards twelve o'clock the news spread that " the liberty of the press" had been accorded by the supreme , council. A body of the students rushed immediately to the Josef-platz, where there is an equestrian statue of the Ems I peror Joseph 11., and there made an oration to the statue, crowning the head of the emperor with flowers, and they j placed in its hand a white flag, whereon was printed, Liberty of the press." All this had evidently been pre- ' determined on by the students, and the report was raised in order that this demonstration might be made. About four o'clock a proclamation, signed by the Emperor, I wai made public, coveting that in cousequeuce of the resto rathm to order and quiet, his majesty had resolved *men the establishment of a national guard for the maintenance of order, and for the defence of persons and property, and he I The Empire of Austria !swirly its Late Reralutionaryl appointed Count Hors commander of this new body, to , Crisis. By WILLIAM PHARE, EN. 2 vols. Newby. I whom was confided Its proper organization. His majesty ' A comprehensive and impartial history of the I expected that his subjects would respond to this mark of Austrian revolution, from its conception to its eon- . confidence by their fidelity and devotion. summation would undoubtedly be a welcome work in I Mr. Pcake appears to sympathise, not with the the present state of public opinion, but such a work democratic, but with the moderate party. He sug could only be realised by a writer highly favoured gusts, or Walls to suggest, that the democratic party by the Austrian guardians of documentary treasures. went too far when they demanded an equal distribu- It avails little to be conversant with the public acts lion of the taxes, a italic statement of the revenues and manifestoes of the Austriangovernmenta without of the country, and a responsible ntiuistrv. Those having access to the secret spruir—the dark under parts of the work devoted to the Italian and Hunga current—thc tortuous plots of which they torm part. nan outbreaks arc evenly written, and altogether This necessary knowledge is obviously wanting in Mr. Peake's vidutues may be accepted as a history of I Mr. Peaks; and, therefore, his work cannot be ae- the surface of the great movement with which it pro- founded speculations on the subject are those of Major Naw•linsun. Mr. Vaux thus sets them before the public : CHRONoLooY OF Tilt ASSYRIANS. It app ors that Ileroduties gives ' for the duration of the Assyrian empire, 420 year., reeluning Com the period of the detection of the Medes. The time of this defection has been a disputed point in chronology, but whichever may be the most correct explanation, the point of departure will, at any rate, almost certainly ball in the o ighth century before Christ, and the Assyrian empire may, therefore, on the authority of Ilerodotus, be considered to date from the csimmencement of the thirteenth century B.C. Now, sup.' posiug that the records of Nimrod refer to an early period a the first, if not the only, imperial dynasty (und a fair examination of all the evident,. doubtless leads to that eon ! elusion), the building of the N.W. paluee may be assigned to the rod of the thirteenth or beginning 01 the twelfth I century, before ihe Christian era; and as such a date would I coincide with the twiutieth dynasty of Egypt, the wars re corded on the obelisk, in which the Assyrian arms were certainly pushed as far as 'fyre, Sidon, and Byblus, may be explained by the depretssimi muter Is hieli kgypt sulkred after the reign of Manures 131., the Test king of the twentieth dynasty, and duriug the three following centuries. Such geographical indications as we have are all in favour of this approximate chronology. Thus, the importance of the city of .Mesh, the estabuslnneut of the Khetta in southern Syria the very uomenclature of the l'hteuician ports, Tyre, Sidon, fi übal or Byblos, Acarri or kre, Iteluta or Berytus, Aryad or et:institute points A of evidence I which suit this period and no other. or Rawlinson, lindeed, thinks that almost all the Asiatic names which (*noel in the Egyptian records of the eighteenth and nineteenth dynasties, and in the wars of Rameses 111., are to be found', more or less modified in the Assyrian annals, and that the Indications, therefore, of political geography may be held to restrict the age of the Nimrod Obelisk to the 12 century' B.C. Lasts, though it may be unsafe to speculate upon the causes or duration of the interregnum or unrecorded interval between the Assyrian periods of Nimrud and Khor- sabad, there seems no reason to suppose that there was any • violent disruption of the line of Assyrian royalty, still Ices such break its the aimals as would be caused by a foreign con ! quest. There may have been intestine troubles, which for ! a while presented the extension of Assyrian arms to the westward, and put a stop to the erection of palaces and the engraving of inscriptions : but the Khursabad king was certainly of the sante ram, probably of the same family, as the earlier monarch. of the Nimrod line ; and in all pro ! bahility nut more than sixty or seventy years intervened I between tit two periods. If then the six continuous kings of the Nimrod dynasty reigned front about B.C. 12:al to B.C. 1.1110, and an interval wen• further allowed of seventy years after the suspension of that line, the era of the khorsabad king would tall iu about B.C. 1030, a little prior ' to the age of Solomon, and contemporary with a certain l'e-hor, of Egypt, the fifth king of the twenty-first dynasty, and possibly the Marko of the inscriptions, who is stated to have resided in the city of Itabek. fc4ses to deal. It has historic value; is worthy of perusal, nod likely to be valuable for reference. Supernatural /Unions. By Major P. T. DIGHIE. Tiro Vols. New by. Demonology aid witchcraft are subjects upon which many popu'ar writers have touched. Nearly all men of any imaginative power have wan dered through tin extraordinary narratives, the in credible "facts," and the amusing instances, with which these subjects abound. It has been said that all men believe 'lore or less in the existence of a 1 supernatural interference with human affairs, and' pause with doubt over the impenetrable mystery I in which a Malty of these agencies is in volved ; but thi instances which Major Begbic has translated from 1)r. Jacob Branmer, far from being unaccountable to human comprehen sion, are generally either so obviously fabricated, or so easily solvaNle, that the reader is only struck with a vivid sense of the credulity of the people who were slaves to such hollow superstitions —supersti , tions which the priestlosxl of the Homan catholic church upheld a; bulwarks of their power. The ex cuse alleged by the translator for reproducing Wen niers' work in English is his belief that the efforts of the Roman catlolies of the present day threaten to precipitate socidy into that moral darkness which prevailed in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. This belief, happily, has little basis on probability, since he must read the century with a must forlorn obliquity who inn gather from the aspect of the pm . sent age a tendency to return to the barbarous days lichen a priesthood systematically immoral held the mind of Europe in bondage. Sonic amusing once- I dotes arc scanned throughout these volumes, which thav pertinently illustrate the barbarism of the ! periods when the Vatican was the focus of the spiri tual rule of the civilised world. The instances in 1 , which his Satanic majesty is reported to have peared to fanners' wives, to young, virtuous, and beau teous damsels and to old maids, are chronicled ad ' nutely, some of them betraying great ingenuity. Here is a story of A ,AT tNIC CHANGELING. A poor farmer's wile there was sleeping at midnight with her infant at her breast, when an old hag, in risible shape, entered the room, snatched up the child, and woo about to whisk out of the dour with it, when the woman's brother, a priest, happened to be passing the Led-room dour, and heard the child cry. 'flue woman, finding that she was discovered, placed the child upon the flour, and appear, to have vanished, although this is nut stated. The poor priest, in a terrible fright, took up the infant, and carried it to his sister in lied. Hut what was his surprise, when, by the light of the moon, he beheld u counterpart of the child lying alongside of her, sucking away with forty-horse power. Ile awoke up his sister, struck a light, and discovered that the two children were precisely alike, even to the swaddling clothes; at which the priest the parents, and attendants greatly mar -1 veiled, us well they might ; and kept watching in great anxiety until the day broke. The parents then begged the priest to discover which was the child and which was the changling. lie set to, to blessing and sprinkling them both with WI water; but the young imp was nut to be neared either by invocations or holy water, and the priest's tzar eisms, fur this bout, at least, tailed in their et eet ; and nu j further discovery could be made except that the woman de ; chitx.d that one child drained away so immoderately that not j a drop 'WWI left for the other, which induced the heief the part of the taw bystanders that this youngster must he the changeling. On this they adised her to take it away, and give it nothing but water, which was accordingly done, and the young urchin, naturally enough, cried day and night. .1t last, on the :Alt day, a neighbouring old WOHLIII came into the room with the avowed intention of consoling the mother under the heavy affliction, oft ring, at the same time to watch by her. She reached out her hands to' take the suppositious child, but was not allowed to lay a finger on it. The bystanders, observing that she was very much scratehed, and besides black anti blue between the eyes, put her gently forth, and two women of known integrity were engaged to watch beside the sick bed. As long as the mother and the two children slept soundly, these women were under no anxiety; but, on the mother awaking in the middle of the night, one of the women went to the cradle, in which the suppositious child had been laid, and was surprised to find there i n nothing but the swaddling clothes, containirg a substance of u must unsavoury odour, which must not be named to " ears polite." Consequently no lone could come to any other conclusion but that the old woman was an emissary of Satan whom he had so unmercitully mauled, fur the bungling manner in which Ale had gone about her errand, and that he himself had come and taken away the changeling, find ing that "it was no go this time." Of course, the mother and the real child, atter this, throve apace, and got through their six weeks in peace and safety. _ . Let um 1111 W take a story from the priestly narra th.e of THE WICKEII" LIFE OF Mt. FAVSIUS. A German nobleman, who had lived fur a considerable lte riod in the gay city of Naples,beeame deeply enamoured with a maiden, who.: doors stood open syren-fashion, to welcome all who called. lie became so int:domed with this ' damsel, hight Portselea, the, instead of following those pursuits which became his rank, he bent his whole thoughts as to how he should secure her undivided elections to hint self. lie consequently lavished all his means in presents to her, till he Caine much eases to the end of his purse than he did to the object which he bad in view by making ducks and drakes of his ducats. He therefore found that • it had become highly expedient for hint to quit the city. His intention became knowu to Bowden, who, had she known the state of his finances and that that was the impel • leg cause, would have "whistled hint down the wind." She, however, was by no means inclined to part with u pigeon who stood plucking so contentedly, and there) ,re invited hint to sup with Leer lettuce his departure, 'the' ea i talk, same, and all sorts of cakes and densaults wore phowd • before him, amongst which was a particular lozenge that she affectionately pressed upon his attention. But it full heart and empty pockets had taken away the cavalier's ap petite, and he could by nu means take it, although he cum• promisedthe matter by putting the lozenge into his breeches pocket, arc he took his leave, which he de with many tears, thinking, poor foul, that he was leaving his affianced bride. Now us he journeyed, Mill had already got more than halt way to Canna, down fell his horse, apparently, "never to rise again." Up sprung the cavalier, and took uhf the saddle and bridle, but the horse was not a whit the better; whereon he bethought him of the lozenge that was warming in his podtet, and which Deficits' had recommended him as a capital stomachic, possessing (pardon the anachronism) more virtues than liodfrey's cordial, and forthwith forced it down the animal's throat. No sooner had this renowned lozenge played about " the covkles of his heart," than up sprang the steed, aud, unsaddled and unbridled as he was, started off buck to Naples with such speed that no man could attempt to stop him on the road. The cavalier fol lowed him as he hest might, und, us he happened to be on foot, the horse must hate had the advantage of him by some days. At length he reached Doroclen's door, which hap pened Oh this occasion to be shut, and well it was for her that it was so, for there was the horse raving mad, Hinging his heels against the door, endeaving to effect an entrance to Doroclea, with whom, of course, he was desperately iu love. The cavalier reflected upon what a piteous condition he would have been in had he consented to Doroelea's insi dious attentions, and quietly, like a wise man, hired allO - horse, and rude back to Capon again. This true and veritable history dots not inform us whe ther the panels of the door, which stood such an incessant hanging, were made of firum rite, or not; why Borolea, who was so fond of keeping her doors open, should have I had them fortunately closed at this particular juncture, or how the horse managed to support life during all the days that he was travelling, and afterwards clattering away at the door; but probably the drug was a compound of Parr's celebrated life pills, and the no less famed lir. Holloway's elixir, in which case, the horse may perhaps be found alive and exercising his vocation to this day, that is, if the doors have held out so long. Reuter, however, rather judiciously affirms that there is no inherent virtue either in these philtres :or in incantations to produce these effects, but that people are very apt to lay their sins to their door instead of to that of their uncoils trolled passions. The book abounds witlt anecdotes of the above quality ; and those who are seeking illustrative in stances of the darkness of ancient superstition will find no little congenial matter in Major Ltegbie's translation. The Pubiie Right to the Universities. Green. The objector the writer of this pamphlet is to assert the justice of throwing open the Universities of Ox ford and Cambridge to all persons capable of passing the matriculation examination, without the imposi tion of religious tests. Having effected reform in accordance with this view, he would emancipate the university from the control usurped by the colleges, and confide the direction of the common affairs to the body of graduates. Ile says on the subject of UNIVEILSITY ISELT-Go, As a necessary consequence of the preceding view of the kgal position of a public corporation, it follows, that in the selfsgoverument which our laws wisely prescribe as the best system of polity for these institutions, that there should be a complete political equality amongst the members. The member are in the position of trustees, or cuss todiers, of the public interest ; and as they are equal in responsibility, so should they have equality of power in, directing or legislating for the affairs of the corporation. The state did not endow the university with inordinate pri vileges for the temporal advantages of a class, but for the general good. Class-government, or college monopoly, is • violation of the term of compact expressed or understood in the act of incorporation . Self-government we hold not only to be a right, but a duty; but self-government must be made a reality as well as a right. If the universities can not or will not restore the ancient rights of popular self government, the state, their erector, must do it for them. We moot base the old Saxon democratic govisnment, with MUSIC. --- MR. LUCAS'S MUSICAL EVENINGS. These elegant entertainment.; an: terminated fur this season, the concluding one having taken place last evening. It began with Beethoven's third Trio, for the violin, viola, and violoncello, one of his early production'', but strongly marked with the peculiarities of his genius. In it we find one of the first specimens of a kind of move ment which he originated—the rapid and fanciful scherzo, substituted by him fur the minuet and trio, and abused, we think, by his successors, who have not done well in aban doning altogether the older form, which, in the music of Haydn and Mozart, is so graceful and melodious. A manuscript Quintet, by Mr. Henry Leslie, for the pianoforte, oboe, elarionet, bassoon, and horn, excited great interest. It was most admirably executed by Miss Kate larder, Messrs. Nicholson, Lazarus, Baumann, and C. Harper ; and its many Irrauties did great honour to the young and rising composer. The first movement, rale yro von trio, produced a delightful effect, having elegance and symmetry of form, a clear design, beautiful melodies finely distributed among the different instruments, and great richness of harmony. The middle movement, called a "arena drammatica," we found less satis factory. It was one of those attempts to make instruments perform the functions of voices often made by modern composers, but never, in our opinion, successfully. To play a dramatic scene upon instruments is to contirund together two things essentially distinct, and to make instruments do what they are incapable of doing. The expression of music is exceedingly vague, arid, fur dra matic purposes, it must be defined and determined by its I union with poetry. A composer may have in his mind a certain scene or situation, and may imagine musical sounds adapted to the language of 'sentiment and passion which he supposes' them to utter. But the listener has no key to that meaning of these sounds : they may convey some impres sioa of joy or sadness, but they can never suggest the series of pictures of incidents which has remained bidders in the mind of the composer. Music written with this purpose must, we think, necessarily appear confused and In coherent ; and such certainly seemed the character of Mr. Leslie's "scene dranimatice," though it contained some fine passages. The last movement was exceedingly „ light and brilliant, forming a happy anal effective conclusion to the piece. Mozart's Quartet, No. 9, in F, is a most beautiful speci men of concertunte writing. A profusion of graceful melts. dies are taken up in turn by the four instrum tits. The violoncello part is especially interesting, and showed Mr. I Lucas's tine tone and graceful manner of phrasing. Miss Kate Leder played Weber's Rondo in E flat with exquisite grace and finish; and Meudelwohn's Quartet in L , op, 44, I terminated the concert. APOTDECABILS' llALL.—Names of gentlemen who passed their examination in the science and practice of me . diciue, and received certilicattai to practise, on Thursday, April 3 : Thomas Fuller. Brighton ; Henry Maund, Briongrove; Aynott John James Chitty, Merle, Wilts; Osborne Johnson, Beckington, Lincolnshire ; William Mor ris, I'etworth, Susses; Frederick John Money, Offham, I Kent ; George William Nichols, Darwen, Lancashire; • Samuel Wall Junes, Ludlow, Shropshire; Frederick Moore Smith, Great Ilallnun, fleets; Edward Mercer, Uxbridge; William Henry Getty, Market Ilarborough ; Thomas Abbey Bottomley, liudderstiekl; Francis Cornelius Welds, East Stonehouse, Devon; John Daniel Hanson, St. Ire's, lfflusta. Ow removal of acelesiastical tests. Our forefathers would 1 OARDEND IO OPERATIONS FOR TILE never su ff er a king to be above the law ; can we tolerate • I ENSUING WEEK. corporate tyranny ? . [From the Gorrewer's f) C T . The colleges have no conwrate status in the universities. to, eNr inPAierStt:NT. As colleges, they hart as little to do with university govern- Heaths nod other hard-wooded greenhouse plants ment at t he governors of an endiiwed school or hospital should be petted as they reguire it. lomerally speaking, establialied in a town have to interfe•re with the municipal the must suitable time is alter they nave mow flowering, government of that town. By usurpation the colleges have, however, for nearly three centuries, monopolised the pc on n tall commenced a iww grunt'', but the 0 •rati i •ay sl with propriety at any . season when the entire government of the universities. 'Their heads, we he pertorme . submit, have no other legal right to a voice ill university roots are making progress, without being inducetheleth government than as quah g . lied raeloatcs If they are to by unnatural excitement. Before lotting , t ake Coro have an extra influence, it must be from superior character [lest f lo e old ball is sufficiently moist; for it it is potted and learning, not because they are heads of houses. It may it wi ll be im iililt• a ft erwards to moisten i i i t t l a n 4y . s .r . iy ta , te, be difficult to elfeet an immediate and complete reformation. w ithon t south,: an I sdureting the nes , soil. but the find ettiort should obviously be directed to the repeal The Epueris family is .no • so nu . .aterona, so beautiful, fur winter flowerrog, that for country of that part of the Caroline statute which made tuatricu at one of the colleges or recognised halls the first condition of membership of the university. The condition of college c a * a t d ab gu tisli s n a w l" nts ble they . ontrival . tenths, lsett. them boles matriculation is as little esseutial to education as it is •an possible attention in repottio s , end le t ,. , n c be ee kept . rather dose mid meant, until tiny • h..‘' these Wu u " p lants .5 opposed to the spirit of freedom which should prevail, and free which anciently prevailed, in public corporations. growth. At title season we give f „ I slight Wrong ; and they amply re say up or th ei r more 1 liberal treatment, by a spleneisl growth, null abundance The author makes the following remarks on i' of early flowers. As soon as the flewering it over, the THE VALVE or ENIVEitsITv DEGuEtw. ! future shape ut the plants should be adjusted, by reinthing A degree from Oxford or Cambridge, even ungraduated • a portion of the old 'lemming stems; anti, that their eso ray residence dote, it is notorious, is a passp o rt to sorielf. In I may be devoted solely to the gross to of the plum, sort professimmi life the testimonial cannot he adequately valued. It is an essential qualification tlir the ministry of the ch urch, ; should neser be allowed to come to in.:tardy, unless they ' are very valuable. Let climbers, both in pots and borders, and for practice a, an advocate in the courts of ecclesiastical o I h ays , stlietion. To the higher department , f tuition clue attention with regard to training, and retain no and civil juri more shoots than the allotted space mill afford roo.o for. A it is in the nature of an indispensable quolitiratiou. It i itleCeStolUll of aeliiment a, intended to flower late iu the saves a large outlay of money in the costly education fur the I autumn , should now be placed in heat, raid treated accord bar, amt it is not without use in the toilsome "'.'"ut to the' tog to the directions gie co in termer eakeidars. Some of honours of the forum. A university degree gives reputation 1 those of former bUCerstiOnS may i ts potted for suspended to the practitioner of medicine. Indeed, it is hardly pond- basket.; few which the A. loosithria and cupreatta :au tile to point out a proteasion or pursuit in the upper elections particularly adapted. Pans, or broad shallow pots, of society whereon education at either of the univer-ities is not are preferable fur their geoeral cultivation; and, it itlwut a direct and immediate value. Onc fact alone sulfites as they require an abundant supply of moisture when to support all that is here asserted, and that is, the inferior gra- they are in flower, let the drainage he very pert Set duate position of the members of the London Unieenity. that they may Inc freely wattled without stagnating Disgusted with the old light of Oxford and Cambridge, ape the soil. COSsiSilVATOltS.—lietrillrothe permanent plants in palled by the difficulty oh opening them to the progress of this structure, many choice plants in pots will be required, the iiineticiith century, the friends of education established to keep a succession ut gay flowers throughout the summer. that iintitution. With the must careful consideration they s Amongst the finest tor this purpose are brugniainias, took example from all the famous unieersities of Europe; erythrimi cristegalli, thunbergia., atepliaisedia, matelot ilia mid a roue, of instruction rind e simile:dime in elementarY sas s ea l e as, anaireandas, eeliites, achinienea, looms-as, wills knowledge was prescribed as nearly perfect as the present state of eslueatioual science could make it. In knowledge heaths and pelargoniums. Ltd these have all possible at tentim, mid bring them forward in aevend lots, so that ono and intellectual training the lowest class London graduate is now ou a par with the man resplendant with honours set may succeed another. l'uy patticular attention to the Winne* now iu pits, by giving them a liberal simply of from the. universities; but the Loudon graduate is des pised, or has found no social or professional acknow•ledg- water, end by neatly staking them. A top-dressing of turfy peat, bend, Lind well-decomposed cow-manure, wail be ment equal to his merits. London has no honorary degree* for aristocratic idlers, and is therefiire reckotied only tit for of great benefit to them; and they will lie very useful for eunsereatory and drawing-room oceenation late in the vulgar persons who toil to live. The repeal of dunce exclu sive tests must therefore: be demanded, not only us a legal autumn. Let luclisiati, which are so luau' for saintlier and autumn flowering iu the conservatin7, he repotted, tot right, but 11,4 a nodal necessity, if England is still to be they require it, in rich compost, watering them ocistsiunally railed a land of equal rights. A short statute, which par liament might pass in a week, would at once remise the with liquid manures Nearly all the vain:ties Ilare a na tural tendency to form coin, al bushes, and by a eery little chief difficulty which has stood in the way of improvement attention they may be guided into this uppropricite• form. since the Ite formation. One strong shout should be se.leeted to tuna a limiter, 'the urgument on the right of non-suliseriliing aim should he trollied perfectly upright, the remaining students to the privileges at the amient universities shouts being regulated by stopping oily which are w ing more luxuriant than is consistent with Dec is made out with ;peat cleantess ; but the writer gn : wr shape of the plant. V tio rds.—Theao are every does not show why, with the London Univer iLily's Host -Cs, und, do M 0..: them Hite and in abundance, sity open to all, the exclusivviiess of the they require and well merit seine share of attentiou, pat ti old bodice should be a source of eomplaint. The cularly *here they do nut naturally succeed well. ler some preceding extract informs us that the 11. A. front situations they grow so strongly, mot flower so abundantly, bower-street comes away with us good am education tiaat they merely require a this sui- .., to be taken up, as the JLA. of Trinity Mid prggellone. lie is ti g ht ; parted, and n.plunted, and if kept free Irons weeds, all w ill go welt ; while in other places they are , irenuently more but what would he have more : '1 here may be vulgar tremble, than a collectiou of aui ienSis co polyanthuses. A people who prize more highly the Milli who has fra,ue out the north side of a wall 1- tile most likely *Was V,s his four years in the company of aristocratic then fur preventing the attack:, ell the red Spitler, to which •sed they are very liable, and which causes :acs to IMO their idlers than they do he who goes where the best edeteuti tttt ii, to be had ; but surely this is no Telll4oll 1 Ibliage during the winter. why a sensible man should turn his back upon an institution like the University of London, width in time must break down the existing prejudice. Respecting the means and prospects of university reform the author sacs : Tilsit there exists a desire' for improvement is manifest, from the larinus efforts at educational reform made withiu the Lest ten years, and iu the reforms which, by ineessant exer tion and agitation, have been partially carried out. A more pleasing inunifestation of a liberal spirit perlll.lt, the l'KCi'llent work of the Bishop of St. David's, who in this case represents the opinions of a small but influential section of the mile ersity men. These men, if they had the power, would tot only admit the dissenters to their public rights as einiens, but to a share in the college endow iiii•nts. On this point the bishop says, di All observation and all analogy le ad us to expect that the Rims of dissenters of the middling class—and it is such alone that we have to look for here—would add strength to that part of our students which we desire to see growing. till it absorb all the rest ; • to that part which includes thv quiet, the temperate, the thoughtful, the industrious, thine who feel the value of their time and the dignity of their pursuits. Such gin seeders we have had, and have now amongst us ; I wish we • had inure of them. I should think the advantage of their presence cheaply purchased Icy any share of our endowments, ' which, if all were open to competition, they would be able to obtain." Open conipetitioo, of course, refers to freedom from religious testis witch dissenters should lie esintent to • share with other eitimms. How is this to he aceomplished i As regards the colleges endowed bedew the reformation of religion, and those of royal foundation, we apprehend there is no insuperable difficulty in the way of au abrogation of tests. At the Reformation parliament, by a general law, , affected the religious character of these institutious. The religious intentions of their founders were barred by the same public law which abolished the ancient faith. As all benefactions must be within the law, and the law may be changed by circumstances, this result was inevitable. 'my benelsetions were subject to the eindingency of a national change. of religion, but it does not follow that the faith substituted was ipso fat to to laconic nun of the conditions of foundation. By the same right which parliament ex ercised in declaring that masses fur the dead were 'inlay,. ful, may it mew declare that in these colleges no religious restrictions shall lie imposed. A royal foundation being in the nature of a public bequest, the argument against unsectarianisni appires likewise. As respects the colleges founded subsequently to the Reformation, it may be considered an open question, whether the State should regard the inte•ntioua of benehictors, in respect to religious conditions. It may be dulantrttl, ecru on grounds of expediency, it' we have more right to interfere with these than with the seminaries of any other sect. The legislature might signally aid college reforniation by permissive enactments, under which the governors could relax the literal restriction of ancient statutes. so to; to give a free interpretatiun to the intentions of thunders. It 'night institute a latter care liar the fulfilment of the intentions of these noble benefactors, iu seeing the endownie•nts applied to the real ends cci educating poor scholars. It might, like wise, wisely enact for au holiest fulfilment of visitorial duties, to tA.I.AIIn the healthy supervision of college govern ment, which the fouuders obi iously contemplated. But these poiutie are subsidiary to the two foremost questions of university reform—the repeal of all religious tests, mid a constitutional renuseitiou. roauxu DtPARTMINT. l'lNrlar ,, .—Keep up a high dsy temperature to flail which are now swelling, and admit air frtely, at that a circulation may Iw 'induced to keep the plants strung and of compact growth. If the latter be nut attended to, the plants will gnaw weakly, and have an unhealthy druwn.up app earAllee ; while, as regards latit:ng plants, the frowns will Mena. in size instead of the 41,14 itself , which will be watery and deficient in flavour. 'lake advantage of every line afternoon to syringe the I its, and close them fur two or three hours Whose inset. Hemore all LAI and useless slickest., that the whole energy of the plant may be occupied in perfecting the fruit. ulial.—tioceessional tines a Nell are just startiug may be indulged with a good heat, and particularly museuts, which wefe ripened late last year, us the w,,.1 of bid. is nut generally el well I matured us that of the curlier forret' vales ; and unb we they arc encouraged by a temperature rather higher than usual, until team blossoms are fairly set, the shows fur fruit, however strong they may be to all iippearunce, not unfrequently prove abortive. A stattewing higher tem perature fur shies in all stages, than would be safe or prudent two months curlier, is, at this fiti`oll, nut only :Ids titissittle, but bcndiei.d ; tiecomiranied, of course, ny proportionably liberal supply of fresh air, to erect at the scorching which is au much emapiains d of. Attend punc tually to the stopping and training of the shouts, and to the thi iiii ing of the berries on the shies in the earlier stages. Maintain a moist atmosphere by cvapination where the berries are swelling, particularly in hue clear weather ; but this must be moderated as soon so they begin to change colour, and air must be Inure freely given. I'ISALIIII. Let all very vigorous growths be stopped as soon us they have made six or eight leaves, to (liter: the flow of sap into the weaker growths; this is a much better plan than allow ing them to wake long willow-like sleaas, to he removed Icy the knife a mouth or nix Wellol hence, or perlittpa at tide Vaud of the season. Avoid a high night temperature, or the fruit, though ripened considerably earlier, will be obtained at a sacrifice of size and flavour. ►LOWED, GA HEN AND NUM. ÜBE/UFA. BEDDING I'LA\Tia.—Lane• no time in putting off, or pricking out into frames or boxes, young cuttings as soon as they are sutheiently rooted, and wvillings coon as they will Iwar handling. As dor potted-uff plants become sta- Wished with new roots, they should be gradually inund to the open air. The hardier kinds, if in pots, mayk vet upon a lied of coal ashes, or plunged in the open air, and protected at night by hoops and in its. lf plunged in old tan, ashes, or other light material, much of the labour of watering will be saved, and the plums will be in a better that, when plant ing-out 1..1 , 011 arriN es. But, ea We istentioued in a Milner Calendar, the most economical plan is to plant them out hit frames, and at the proper season to remove them to the beds with balls. Patches of sonic of tba• more showy of the hardy annuals should now lie 60141 ill vacant hich 101.11111 y exist in the herlxteemis bib., and w the I. age>, of claim. and borders in the shrubbery. Arnow the many kind. excellently adapted ter this purism!, Wll may mention the following isippies ul %what's colours, lupins, sunflowers, African :aid trench marigolds, gudetius, erysinium, Clarkiu, gi,ia, Collinsiu, cschscholtzia, nemophila, noluna, kaultussia, &e., nut forgetting the old-fasinuned mignonette. A sufficient quantity of cuttings mid seedlings of halt-hardy climbers should now be potted fur painting out, in May. With such plants a, whims, inaurantiyas, lophosp, mums, Calumpelis, laxisas, Trumeulton canariense, &c., many bare places un the will, and trellises may be tintr.,lund made ornamental, which would otherwise be unsightly blemishes ou the general appearance ol the place. PLOUINTW rim wElm The continuous wet and mild weather brings every de scription of plants forward ver)• quickly. rimsias have been more than usually exposed to the attacks of slugs and similar pests ; but what with trap=, send a little I,X -. aminution in the evening with candle and limo rn, bed may be kept tolerably free ; and this in •absolutely necessary if the amateur wishes to enjoy hi, bloom. Cuttings may be taken us they grow, and seed should be sown in puns. 'l't•tu's.—We always stir the surface soil of our beds just a little, but a friend of our a few years ago seriously injured his bloom, by moving the soil too much ; as for moisture, we think the bulbs will have had sufficient to last them over the blooming 14L10411t. In covering, there is u middle course to steer ; it is all v, ry well protecting from hail and frost, but the net, which i the protection in severe weather, is detrimental in veils line; therefore the sides should at all times be raised, otherwise the Hower-steins are apt to be drawn, to the serious detriment of the bloom. PINKS. —Top-dress the beds, and $lll up vacancies from the reserved; also pot otr carnations and pieutect as speedily as the weather will permit. The sooner the better now. IE lITII VN GARDEN. Conanue to make periodical sowings of the diff,.eene culinary vegetables, of which a successional supply is re quired. Spinach should be sown once a fortnight, and peas, beans, and twelve once eu three weeks; sowings of all ',sleds should be made with strict regularity ; and pro per attention should be paid to protesting all kiwis of needs from the ravages of birds and insects'. If the crops of onions, leeks, parsnips, beet, sa,,ey, scory„,„.,.„, and akirret art not yet sown, it should be no longer de layed ; and the I.llliiii crop of carrots should be sown this mouth, if the ground is in good order. A suwiiig of tall kidney beans may now be made iu early locali ties; the early sowing of this useful vegetable is fre quently cut out' by Lott spring trusts; but when this heppeux, the ground 16 huuld be kit undisturbed, as that part of the plant beneath the surface of the soil generally throws up shoots, trout which u crop will be produced nearly as soou us if the kudere had remained uninjured. In sowing peas, it is the must workmanlike milie! to put the stakes to them ut once ; as, by so doing, the barren appearance of the ground is removed, and no more trampling on it is neeesss.ry fur a long limo; besides which, they afford a slight shelter to the young plants on their first appearance above ground. Trans planting of autumn sown cabbages and cauliflowers should be finished, and the spring sown ones encouraged. FUItEIGN Ittesen BEAtili.—Let these have an abundant supply of water at the roots, and use the syringe freely amongst the foliage. No description of plant is mote liable to be infested by the red spider; and if other species of plants arc grown in the same house or pit, it is scarcely possible to prevent the spread of th e disease. When the structure in which they are grooving Is heated by other contrivances than flues or hot water pious, a wash of lime and sulphur should be applied to the walls I in the inside, especially on those parts upon which the sun can shine. The fumes arising from this are very efficacious in destroying the red spider. A succession of Seakalo should be brought into the mushroom shed, or intoframee, to keep up the supply. Rhubarb will now be coming fors ward so rapidly , out of doors, that the forcing of this useful vegetable will no longer be neceesary, particularly where that truly useful kind, " Myatt'e Evince Albert" is grown.