The Express. — London, England, 1847-10-16 00:00:00

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Te414.4.4.444-11Ankag.37 AAA pea 4 $ Afrovam. 4 Ai. NM T. LONDON, SATURDAY, OCT. 16. WERE we asked to point out, at the present time, an example of the clan most wedded to the fallacy of " protection "—most jealous of all encroachment on what are termed " the privileges " which a less enlightened age oonoeded—it is probable that we should intuitively tarn to the neighbourhood of Min cing -lane, and direct attention to some specimen of the interest known as " the West Indian." Here, we should say, is your veritable man of one idea! lie began with " protection " as a boon to a young co lcuist—he continued to demand it in the hope to stifle competition fromthose who might require it for the same purpose—with all the greed of advanced life he sought for more and more as it grew leas and leas necessary to his existence—it was conceded to him to his heart's content—and —hic *et Mortgaged, broken, beg gared, here is the victim of your system. With the finest soil of the earth beneath his feet, with produce springing up around him almost spontaneously, with streamlets from ten thousand hills supplying a water-power of any extent, with minerals absolutely within his grasp, for they lie upon the surface of his soil—with harbours almost unrivalled—with the trade winds blowing and the gulf stream flowing around him —special gifts of na ture, as it were, for his commercial convenience— with all these, and ten thousand other luxuries and blessings, this man, neglectful of each and all of these singular advantages, has toiled and laboured all his days to produce one article which others can produce cheaper than himself, and to obtain a market for it at its dearest price by securing for himself a monopoly of its sale ! His very efforts have ruined him; yet he clings to his system still—an egregious instance of a miserable infatuation ! Be it borne in mind that this is no exaggeration. Amid the wreck of certain classes of commercial men in our city, we hear yet a faint cry from this interest for more " Protection" against—something, they scarce know what ! "The fall in sugar has done it, says the broken merchant, who had invested hundreds of thousands of his capital in " protected " estates. Did he ever think of inquiring whether a fictitious " protection " might not have done it? Did he never ask himself, when reflecting over the gradual dete rioration of his property which has been going on for some quarter of a century—did he never inquire whether the much-hugged principle of "protection" might not have had some share is the ruin, by contracting his resources, limiting his sphere of action, narrowing his spirit of enterprise, chaining him, as it were, to one commercial circle, in the centre of which was a vortex of ruin into which he must be gradually but inevitably drawn? Experience teaches, even though too late, and truth prevails, even though error has nearly done its work. The West India interest,—we announce the fact with the greatest gratification and the most lively hope,— the West India interest, having learnt their lesson in the dismal school of misfortune and ruin, are at last beginning to discover their error. The latest advices from Jamaica lead us to believe that a great change is coming over the minds of a very influential body of colonists regarding matters of policy very materially affecting their interests. The mercantile part of the community at least appear to be in some doubt whether the wreck of " protec tion" now " enjoyed" by colonists is particularly worth preserving. The Jamaica Horning Journal, now the leading organ of this wiser portion of the colonial com munity, has for some time past addressed itself in every succeeding number to the consideration of this import ant subject. The journal argues--" We have been ruined under this system, which, if worth preserving at all, should have been at least preserved in its inte grity : that integrity hes been destroyed by various successive encroachments. We have now only a par tial protection, and things are getting worse. In the mother country the principle of free trade is paramount ; the interest of the mother country and her colonies is identical ; let our trade be placed in the same position as hers ; let us ask her to give us the means of reducing the cost of transport ing our produce to her shores : let us ask her to secure for us increased demand for that produce by a reduction of the duties which at present enhance its price; let her give us liberty to refine our sugar on our own ground ; let her secure for as a more steady demand for our productions, by permitting the use of them in her breweries and distilleries, and let us have, above all, free trade in the commodities of other coun tries." There is much justice in these demands. The force with which they have been expressed, and the impression they have made both abroad and at home, may be best judged of by the proceedings of those to whom each views would be most unpalatable. In Jamaica the protectionists, i. e., the planting attorneys and overseers in the parishes more distant from the towns, have been meeting together to or ganise a counter-movement. At home the agitation has evidently caused considerable alarm. Hear the plaintive cry of our contemporary, the Horning Herald, not usually urged to so strong a remon strance, except under the pressure of extraordinary . _ There remain now but few native interests to sacrifice to the foreigner. Let not Jamaica suppose that by swamping them oho rights herself. She can never rise from her own ruin upon the ruin of another section of the British people. If she justly refers her latest disasters to the undue advan tages a ff orded by the legislature to the slave-owner of Cuba, let her not imagine that prosperity will attend a similar policy exercised, for instance, in favour of the foreiga shipowner, and 1 against the puritans prosperity of England. We will join I heart and hand with every British subject in the empire to uphold the rights of the British people against the wanton legislation that places all at the mercy of the 'taunter ; but to repair one evil, we will never sanction the commission of *greater. It would be the act of madness to cast into the sea the half of our fortune, simply because the other half had been cruelly stolen from us. To demand a repeal of the navigation laws u a compensation for put losses, is to con fess the truth and virtue of that principle which we hold to be rotten at the core. Every step taken in the direction of free trade leads us further into difficulty and trouble, whilst hostile tariffs are raised for our destruction in every quarter of the world. Every interest given up to the foreigner is a national limb lost. It is not u with the human body, in which the deprivation of one faculty gives power and acute ness to another. One branch of the body politic afflicted com municates its weakness to the whole. We are already plunged into difficulty by the false steps we have just taken : irre trievable ruin awaits us if we carry out the mischievous policy as far al it will reach. Why this dolour ? Reader, we will explain. At the close of the last parliament, Lord GEOII6E BEN TINCK gave notice of a motion for that uncertain period, ' the next session," " to appoint a committee to inquire into the state of our colonies in the West Indies." " We will show you (said the protectionist party) how your free-trade principles have dimmed the lustre of some of the brightest jewels in the British crown." " Do (says the .T,maica Jour nal)l appoint your committee, let us beseech you. Let us have what you propose—a fair, candid, open, and comprehensive inquiry. Give us but that, and we will prove your protection to have been our bane, and show you how free trade may be our ialvation." Hence the source of the 'Anders tears. Hence the lecture to the colonists, commencing with the lachrymose allusion to the little that is left for a " sacrifice to the foreigner." We shall watch the movement of onr fellow-subjects in the West Indies with infinite interest. If they will permit us to offer to them a few words of advice, it would be, that their agitation, now for almost the first time directed to a practical and beneficial object, should be conducted with all that temperate energy and calm spirit of thoughtful inquiry, which won the fight so gloriously at home. There will be no little temptation to reply in wrath and anger to the fierce and violent invectives by which they will no doubt be assailed. They have, however, that mighty power which rests invariably with the cause of truth; and they have now, we are glad to find, an able and a judicious press, free altogether from that scurrility for which the papers of the colony were not lao6sinew notorious. With such auxiliaries, success is already half secured• IN the midst of the triumph in which all oar con temporaries were about a fortnight ago indulgiig, on the score of the meows of English policy in Ma.rld, when NARVAEZ was said to be spurned by the QUEEN, and French influence at a discount, we observed, that no change could take place in Madrid of which England could be either satisfied or proud. Not beinsgratified or elated by our supposed triumph, we are m no ways annoyed or depressed by what diplo- matists and journalists call our defeat. We admit all the advantages that must have been derived from the admission to power of the truly liberal party. It would have been no lees tree that the ascendancy of this liberal government would have depended in a very great measure on the power of an individual—of a man possessed of the Queen's good graces, and holding a most equivocal position. Fond as we may be of liberal and constitutional govern ment, to owe its prevalence to the support of General SERRANO was, to say the least of it, humiliating and indecorous, and, moreover, uncertain. We should almost prefer seeing liberalism triumphant by means of a popular insurrection, per nicious as that is in its resulta,than that it should owe its success to a Gomm'. Above all, it is a subject of congratulation that England and its name are not mixed up in any such combination. A government, liberal or not, founded on the influence of General SERRANO, not Queen ISABELLA, must have assumed for its first duty to keep the QUEEN from the persecution of her husband, the miserable Don FRANCISCO. It may be just to do this, and the QUEEN may have the best of rights and grounds for her abhorrence ; bat it is not decor ous. The King of the Fila&crt made this royal mar riage, and linked together for his policy two beings whose coming together produced mutual abhorrence —a result foreseen. The result hitherto has been the oblivion of every virtue, and the outrage of every decorum. Such a condition of royal palaces might pass in the last century, but in this it will not be tolerated. The King' of the FRENCH is said to have felt this. The state of Madrid was not only a reproach to his policy but to his conscience. And CHRISTINA, too, is touched by the religious compunctions powerful at her age. So it is said that these two old sinners have resolved to make an effort to undo or mend their last 'rime. They were to make an effort, not only to re-establish their joint influence in Madrid, but to join to this end a mural one. Had the liberal party triumphed, and constitutional government been restored in its purity, it might have ended in the dismissal of SERRANO, the divorce of the Queen, and a second marriage. This, we need not say, was more abhorrent to France than any contingency whatever. So that a host of converging motives prompted the King of the FRRNCH and Queen CHRISTINA, not only to restore their influence in the palace of Madrid, but to restore decorum with it, to Gish SERRANO, re unite the Spaniards, and offer.as the court phrase goes, to the loyal population of Spain, an example of those domestic virtues which are never so meritorious and indispensable as upon a throne. General NARVAEZ wne first despatched upon this delicate and difficult mission. He came to Madrid like a Turkish Capidgi Bertha, with &bowstring in his pocket for SERRANO, who, by all accounts, was most confoundedly frightened, and thought of taking refuge in the British embassy, as he had done before. The young Queen, however, had the courage which her friend had not ; and when NARVAEZ breathed the tone of menace towards SERRANO, he was driven from the royal presence with choler and disdain. That was the time for the liberals sad General SERRANO to have acted. They ought to have taken NARVAEZ and strangled him with his own bowstring, or, what is tantamount,. have sent him out of the country by the gendarmerie. NARVARZ, however, though he failed with the Queen, had half purchas ed , half intimidated, the cabinet. And SALAMANCA humbly sent word by the telegraphs to Bayonne and Paris, what terrible straits poor NARVAEZ was in, that his threats were unavail ing, and that his not being cut off was merely owing to the cowardice of SERRANO, and the treachery of SALAMANCA. On receipt of this telegraphic intelligence, Lerm PHILIPPE called GONZALES BeAve, the old editor of the Guiriguay, and wrote certain lettere signed with his own royal hand, in which titles, indemnity, money, ' everything that man could desire, were offered to the favourite if ho would quit his royal mistress, and take his departure, that a reconciliation, at least in seeming, between the Queen and her husband might take place, and French influence be restored under the laurels of matrimonial decorum. SERRANO consented. He has pocketed the money and is off. Queen ISABELLA has been observed in continual tears. Queen CHRISTINA is on the road to Madrid, or has already reached it. MUNOZ and SEE ' RANO have, no doubt, met at some halt-way house, for the communication of mutual advice. Were we wrong in saying, that nothing could happen at Madrid, of which England could find cause to be either satisfied or proud? THE way in which the preseat panic has been brought about is not difficult to trace. We are averse to threading the mazes of commercial ope rations, which must be so familiar to the majority of oar readers. But it is useful to point out what future and permanent ills, as well as immediate and tempo rary ones, may flow from persisting in present legis lation. Let us therefore show in what way mercan , tile distress and the present panic are connected. Our currency, as everybody knows, is composed partly of notes and partly of bullion. In round num bers we may, perhaps, safely assume that the notes and bullion represent equal amounts. That there was no superfluity of either before 1846 is well known ; on the contrary, complaints were loud on the restrictions imposed on paper issues. We may, therefore, say that the money, whether notes or coin, then inpublic handa,was required to keep up the circu lation necessary for trade, and no more. The failure of the harvest in 1846 occasioned an export, according to estimates that are high authority, of eight millions of gold. Such an event has happened before, and, although invariably attended with commercial pres• sure, yet never made the impression that it has on this occasion. We say this advisedly, and the proofs will not be slow in making their appearance. When an export of bullion like that which we have experienced takes place, it is a born"; fide payment, but one not unwillingly paid by such as confide in the power of the national industry to make it up again. There is, however, no fund out of which it can be taken, except the national savings, unless it be looked upon as an advance or a mortgage upon the national earnings. It is fair to look upon it in the latter light ; because, if not interfered with, the course lof transactions is to stimulate markets abroad and to bring the gold back again to pay for orders, at improved rates of profit. But, of course, this sup poses that we manufacture cheaper than others, other wise these orders will not come to us. It also supposes that we continue to manufacture, otherwise the orders are not of much use when they come. As the expor tation of bullion, however, makes money tight., the first impediment to the manufacturer is aligher rate of discount than usual. The natural result in ordinary times is to substitute paper for the gold that has left, as small money is required to pay wages. If no re striction were imposed on credit, good houses would use sparingly of their power, and would keep themselves in a condition to profit by the conjuncture. Foolish houses would perhaps over exert their power, and would ultimately be losers. But even these would have done what was most wanted: they would have stimulated the production which must ultimately make up the previous loss of coin, and have kept hands employed. Another result would show itself if there were no restrictions on credit. The bullion exported for corn would have been locally replaced by notes issued on tangible and visible secunty in the respective neighbourhoods, whence the supplies for exportation were abstracted. In a healthy state of credit, a large sum might go out of , the country without at all affecting the Bank cellars. There is no heinous crime in renewing merchants' , bills on existing and not perishable goods. It has • always been, and will be, the practice in emergencies. ; But when this salutary exertion of credit is checked, ; the extremities cannot part with the circu lating medium until all payment of wages ceases. • People are slow at making up their minds to • throw thonninds out of work. In the mean time,. I therefore, there is no resource but to exert credit as ; long as is practicable. to get gold for exportation from the Bank of England. Now, the law of 1814 THE EXPRESS, SATURDAT'EVENiNG, OCTOBER 16, 1847. pisdeillits the extend= af Bank paper when V a li not deposited to a correepondkig amount (the f millions on governmenteredit being'already abseebed in costomary channels). There is, therefore, no alter: native but for the Bank to restrict its diecou.ta and to occasion a general preesure. Some parties cannot bear this pressure, and give way. Want of confidence rushes in. and checks the usual exertions of credit in the shape of bills, a paper partly supplementary to the notes that circulate coin, but partly pledged as I security for the notes. This pots an effectual stop to production, and, consequently, to wages. It is in this manner that the law of 1844 has disorganised our circulation. By throwing all the onus of meet ing the demand for bullion for exportation on the Bank, which would have been, and ought to be, scattered over our producing (manufacturing) district, and which would there be met by credits, until the gold re-flowed in exchange fur exported goods, it paralysed the power of the Bank to discount bills. Nor could these bills be discounted in the country, since the country banker was deprived of the power of issuing to replace the gold exported. But the check that we have now experienced and which, on the recurrence of a similar calamity, Clearly must: be repeated, will have a strong tendency , to divert o-ders for goods into other channels, and not only mercantile distress, but the ruin of whole branches of trade, may easily be the direct consequence of this legislation. Our statement, to be correct, supposes that our im ports of cotton, silk, wool, and other raw materials, go on as before, notwithstanding the export of gold. They may even be larger than usual on such an occa sion. The bills that require discount are drawn against these goods as they pass from one hand to the other, from the importer to the manufacturers, from these to the exporting merchants. It is easy to see that this business should not be mixed up with the ex port of gold for corn, with which it is but remotely and contingently connected. But this trade is meet intimately connected with the payment of wages, wad, therefore, it will not bear a contrac tion of the currency. Now, the mischief done by destroying the credit of our merchants is this. They are obliged to refuse to accept bills when they see no chance of discounting the bills they draw. the foreign grower, therefore, looks out for trading staples where he can get his bills accepted, and is thus driven to seek connexions at Hamburg, Amsterdam, Havre, and Bremen, whence the raw material finds its way into other manufactur ing districts that are oar rivals. It is owing to simi lar disturbances of credit, although originating ie another way, that the great cities of the middle ages lost the manufactures that we appropriated and im proved. War and bad government destroyed the trade of Portugal, Spain, and Flanders. Holland and England obtained it. Bad management may give it back to those countries without an accompanying war, and they will not be slow in appropriating what we thus thoughtlessly throw away. Our Paris accounts of Thursday are fall of the clandestine escape of Queen Christina, Munoz, and suite, from her hotel, to cross the Pyrenees. Galignani's paper, which was authorised by the officials at the Rue des Courcelles to contradict the statement of the departure of the Queen two days after her Majesty had actually departed, and was in structed to affirm that her Majesty was then in her palace in the Rue des Courcelles, is quite indignant at the part it has been made to play in this comedy. Only three days ago (says that respectable journal), when it was announced by one of our contemporaries that the Queen had quitted Paris, we stated that it was untrue. We did this with the full conviction of the correctness of our statement, for it was the result of an inquiry made at the house, where a positive assurance was given that ahe was still there, and we saw nothing to indicate that any decep tion was practised. It appears, however, that the reply made to our inquiry was intentionally false, and that every means, even to leaving the guard at the door, which is supposed to be mounted only when the Queen is at Paris, was adopted to conceal her departure. _ _ A " deception" however was practised, and the journalist was duped by one more cunning and less scrupulous than himself. The National comments on the projects of the Queen-mother alter this fashion : Isabella's holidays are over, and the poor Queen is now about to behold around her the troubles and annoyances of those tiresome political matters which she had taken such a divutt to. Capital projects of sermonising are attributed to Christina. She reckons on the all-powerful infiuenoe which she formerly exercised over her daughter, to lead her back by her counsels and example to the virtuous path of legiti mate; affection, and of the moderado party. It is said that we are to behold a new edition revised and amended, of the marriage of last year. Our cabinet is about to do over again what has been so maliciously undone by Mr. Bulwer. Will it obtain this reconciliation of the royal couple ? For that, Paquo must show forth and England withdraw. We bare strong doubts that success will crown the attempt on the one hand, and that the other party will consent to it. Besides, if the presence of Queen Christina does not resolve all diffi culties, another journey is in preparation here from which marvels are expected. The Duke de Montpensier, it is laid, is to proceed to Madrid, and ia to declare solemnly before the assembled Cortes that he renounces all claims to the throne —of France. After that, if Lord Palmerston be not satisfied, it must be because he is justly represented u a man without mercy, a faithless busy-body, and an enemy of the family. liesakobsgeseted by COMM indopeptient efts material er mechanical difficulties; sleds:6las altogether oat of the confticting interests sad sesiprocal .pealomies of the great European states. It was the object of Me i hemet Ali to surmount these obstacles, by inducing the several governments supposed to be interested to join in the • execution of so • grand an enterprise as that which would have had for its object the intersection of the Isthmus of Suez, by a great high road for European com merce. In this, however, he failed. He then had recourse to the more promising expedient of trying to awaken the spirit of private enterprise among the great commercial and financial interests of Europe, and in this he seems to be at the point of success. The last despatches from the Levant brought the intelligence that the agents of a joint company, formed of capitalists and merchants of London, Paris, and Vienna, had arrived, or were :en route for the theatre of the projected operations. In this matter Mr. Stephenson, the well-known engineer of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, represents the English interests ; M. Talabot, the French ; and M. Negrelli, the engineer of the railway between Vienna and Trieste, the Austrian. The purpose of the colossal project is to cut a ship canal between Suez and the ancient Pelnsium, following very nearly the course of the ancient canal, the traces of which still exist on the isthmus. The projected canal is to have width and depth su ffi cient to float a first-rate man of war. A port will be constructed at Suez, and another at Fermium. From the reports which have reached us, it appears that surveys have already been made to a sufficient extent to remove all doubt as to the practicability of the project within those limits of expenditure which would secure the support of prudent capitalists. The chief doubt rested on the construction of the proposed port at Pelusium ; but' M. Negrelli has already made a survey and esti mates sufficiently exact to leave no fears oa that head. The parties are, at the time we write, on the spot, and actively engaged in the prosecution of the affair. The prospect of the realisation of such a pro ject has revived the idea, long since suggested, of a railway following the same route. It is not im possibm, however, that both projects may be realised, and that even with advantage to each other. The works necessary for the one will be equally available for the other, and every one conversant with en gineering will perceive in how many ways each, in actual operation, may aid the other. It would be a glorious spectacle to behold those wonders of art and science—the loromotire, the ship, the railway, and the canal at work upon the sands of deserts that were for centuries untrodden save by the pilgrim and the cameL Yet such a result may be far from remote. The company we refer to has been constituted for several months back, and has devoted its inquiries to the question between a railway and a canal. It has decided in favour of the latter. It is proposed to divide the execution of the works between the en gineers of the nations above-named. The English engineer, Mr. Stephenson, is to construct the port of Suez; the Austrian engineer, M. Negrelli, is to take charge of the port of Pelusium and the French en gineers are to construct the canal. - - It was reported that Marshal Soult was dan gerously ill. Lord Brougham has arrived in Paris, and alighted at the Hotel Meurice. The Union IllOnarehique says : We learn, from good authority, that an offer of the peerage has been several times made to the Duke d'lslay, who has somewhat rudely declined the honour, reserving his inde pendence for the next amino. M. Thiel., sides with the Duke d'lslay, who highly disapproves of the nomination of the Duke d'Aumale to the post of governor.gentral of Algeria. The Prow says : M. de Bacourt is appointed ambassador from France to the court of Spain. Thu nomination has been made under the same influence that, in 1842, decided the selection of Hr. Bulwer. This similarity dispenses with our making any reflection upon this nomination. Letters from Genoa of the 6th say that the Sar dinian government has refused the organisation of the civic guard at Genoa, in answer to a petition to that effect which had been presented to the King. Oa the 2nd inst., the birth-day of King Charles Albert was celebrated at Genoa, where the theatre of Carlo- Felice was illuminated, and a hymn in honour of the King performed. This was received in profound silence by the audience, who adopted this negative method of expressing its dissent from the government on the subject of the civic guard. Letters from Naples are quoted by the Augsburg Gazelle, which seem to contain the origin of the report of the intended clemency of the King, given authoritatively by the Journal des D, , bals a day or two since. According to these, two • Calabrian land owners, condemned to death, were pardoned, and favourable influences were ascribed to some diplo matic remonstrances. Concessions to the spirit of reform were also spoken of as likely. Many . - persons were of opinion th a t the ministry, which is retro grade, would be changed; that Sicily would obtain a separate administration ; that Naples would be de dared a free port ; and that the restrictions on the press would be relaxed. All these, however, were mere rumours. The Sardinian government having resolved to fortify Suze, a village situated at the foot of Mont Cenis, which forms the head of the great road to Turin, and is considered the key of the mountain, plans have been drawn up by the military engineers, and the works are to commence next spring. A strong garrison is to be established in the place. The Augsburg Gazelle has the following from Naples, dated the Ist: A project was going on here to compel the papal nuncio, Mgr. Garibaldi, to go through the street of Toledo with the Pontifical flag, with • view to excite the people, but the project was defeated by the police. Patrols are moving in the streets day and night, and in many places the posts are doubled. On Sunday last a council was held at the palace to consider whether it would be proper to prohibit the pro cession of the Madona, as it was feared that at would be made a pretext for disturbances. It was decided to allow the pro cession to take place, but the garrison was kept is readiness for action. The irritation produced at Berne, and among the radical cantons of Switzerland, by the alleged furtive intervention of France in favour of the Sonderbund, continues to increase. By letters received from Berne to the 10th instant, another train, of seven waggons, succeeded in reaching the territory of Neufchatel, where it was on the 9th instant. The federal direc tory, also, had received information of ten waggons, loaded with arms and ammunition, destined for the canton of Friburg, which had arrived at Pontarlier on the night of the Bth or 9th, and which were allowed to be deposited in the hotel of the sub-pre fecture. The indignation against the French govern ment, excited by this, was not confined to Switzer land, but was manifested in the department of the Doubs (in the territory of France). It will be reesl lected that the canton of Neufchatel is a Prussian principality, and, not like the other Swiss cantons, a republic. The Prussian General Prue!, its governor, had already communicated with the federal commissioner, Mr. Stockmar, who had been sent from Berne to remonstrate against the disregard of the decrees of the diet, which had forbid the cantonal authorities to allow the trans mission of arms through their respective territories to the cantons of the league. It was reported that some sharp words were inter ' changed between the general and the federal envoy. ' The Lake of Neufchatel is traversed night and day by armed steamers, sent by the Vaudais government to intercept other supplies of arms from France to Fri burg, which are known to be expedited by the lake. The Grand Council of Glaris has voted, by a large majority, instructions to its delegates similar to those given by Zurich, to support the execution of the de crees of the diet. The journals of Berne, of the 12th, report that a great quantity of arms and ammunition were seized near Eastabayer by the carbiniers of Vaud, which were cruising on the lake. The Vorort ' has required the cantons of Zurich, Berne, Soleure, Argau, Vaud, and Geneva, to establish military posts wherever movements of troops shall be observed. The Council of State of Zurich have ordered the pur chase of 450 waggon horses. Letters from St. Gall say that the government of the canton have determined to repulse the efforts of the Sonderbund. The civic guard will be organised, and three companies of Chasseurs called under arms. The canton of Glaris has voted the same instruc tions to its delegates as those of Zurich, by a ma jority of 80 against 10, so far as regards the dissolu tion of the Sonderbund, and by 76 against 13, as regards the expulsion of the Jesuits., MADRID, Orr. 9. The Gazette of to-day informs us that 1). Francisco Serrano has been appointed captain-general of Grenada, in the room of D. Jose Manes, dismissed. It is said that the new captain-general will set out for Grenada on Monday. My last letters will have prepared you for some such result as this. Even the appointment to so high a post must be considered equivalent to the infliction of a disgrace upon one in Serrano's late position. For, to all intents and purpose", this general was, during six months, the King of Spain—a King as absolute as the Sultan or the Emperor of Russia. He set up and pulled down ministries at will ; the decrees which governed the land were inspired by him ; he was the dispenser of all appointments. His auomalous position and unlimited power, fruit of the incompatible and forced mar riage, could only continue to east by the suppression of the constitutional powers of thestate. Aceordingly,nosooner had he emerged victorious from his struggle with the Sotomayor cabinet than the coxes were suspended by the ministry which followed, and accepted his sway. And as long as he retained the Queen's favour there appeared every chance of his basing a dictatorship upon the royal prerogative. Decree law was getting every month more and more the fashion, aad people began to fear there was some idea of getting rid of the cortex altogether. But Serrano, however formed to gain affection', seems to have been singularly destitute of those qualities by which a sentiment of attachment is che rished. Devoid of accomplishments, not even gifted with the animal spirits for which the Spaniards of the south are so remarkable, without fancy or wit, or any of thine intel lectual resources which give a man ascendancy in private life, it is scarcely a wonder that he was incapable of keeping alive for a longer period the devotion which lifted him so Mph above the level of his fellow-subjects. fo-morrow is the Queen's birthday. A levee will be held I at the palace at four in the afternoon, and a ball will be given is the evening. The appointment of the Countess of Mantijo to be came rera mayor is considered as a pledge that the court intends to be as gay and brilliant as possible this winter. The poor old Eco looks quite rueful at this news, declaring that the new successors to power want to spoil the Queen's candid simple and homely tastes, and to cheat her of her popularity by in sulting with such frivolities the misery of the people. The Erieswiol, on the other hand, is highly delighted, and thinks such recreation wholesome and proper. General Loigorri, Count of Villa-Hermosa, and oortes-de puty, is appointed political chief of Madrid. Don Fedrriso Roncali, Count of Alcsy, is appointed Cap tain-General of New Castile. The Garette contains a decree effecting some alterations in the organisation of the Council of Agriculture and Com merce. Don Pedro Colon, Duke of Veragus, is appointed vice-president of the agricultural section of the said council, in place of the Marquis of Remiss (dismissed); and Don Manuel Mazarredo (Minister of War in the Pacheco cabinet) is named vice-president of the commercial department. The Minister of Grace and Justice promulgates a decree. in which he promises to present before the Cones a bill for regulating the appointment of judges, &c. I hear that it is determined to make Mon Minister of Finance. This appointment looks very French, and may be taken as a symptom that Nereus will not turn a deaf ear to the counsels of Louis Philippe. Another cheep is spoken of in the cabinet, but upon authority of which I am less sure. It is said that Gonzales Bravo, who is just re turned to Madrid, will be inside Minister of State, while NarMez will take the portfolio of war. Cordons is to go out. The Correo has given up the ghost. Its last moments were most calm. Salamanca is on very good term with Narvaez, who visited him yesterday morning. I hear that Nunez was closeted the day before yesterday with all the capitalists who are friendly to him, and that upon his demanding the maximum which they could furnish him in the shape of coin at the present moment, the sum total of their offers did not erred 40,0001. The decrees appointing the present ministers are said to have been written in the hand of Narvaez. The Prensa was seized yesterday ; and the Eco hears that decrees of proscription are in readiness to be launched at about a do:en of the principal liberal editors. General Dominguez, uncle of Serrano, is said to have re signed his command of the halberd;ers. Senor Sootier& is talked of as the Queen's confessor to be. It is known that the Viceroy of Egypt has, for many years cherished the hopes of seeing executed a means of transit for European commerce and corre spondence between the Mediterranean and tho Red Sea, more efficient than the clumsy and inconvenient means at present used for the transport of the pas sengers and despatches of our Indian empire between Alexandria and Suez. This project, however, has RUSSIA. — Sr. PETIRSBURO, OCT. I.—The Em peror of Russia has commanded the appointment of • corn minion in fit. Petersburg, which is to remove the difficul ties that now oppose themselves to the free importation of Polish products into the old Russian provinces. The Grand Duke Constantine is said to be nominated president of the commission. From the official report of the Russian Aca demy, respecting the state end progress of the cholera, it would sppear that in its spread eastward and westward, it hu proceeded with less rapidity. The intenseness of its effects appears to depend essentially upon local circum stances. Upon an avenge, every fourth person fell a victim to this disease. COLONIAL SOUTH AUSTRALIA. Accounts have been lately received from this colony. They are still of a very favourable character. The produce of the copper mines is exceeding all previous estimates: within the last fortnight there have arrived at Swansea three large vessels from Port Adelaide laden with ore, while the latest accounts bring information that 2,000 tons more were ready for shipment. These discoveries, in addition to the other more ordinary occupations and productions, have had a favourable effect on the commerce and public revenue of the colony, so that the exports in 1846, being the growth or production of the colony, amounted to 287,0591., being at the rate of fully 331. per annum for each male adult, besides producing all the necessaries of life in such abundance as to render the colony entirely independent of imported food. The ordi nary public revenue. for the quarter ending March 31, 1847, was 17,3771. 19s. Id.; while the ordinary expenditure was, 12,8971. Os. 4d.; showing a surplus for 3 months of 4,4801. 18s. 9d. . _ _ bean have been entertained in England, that amidst so much excitement, as the mineral discoveries have occasioned, the cultivation of the soil would be neglected. It is gra tifying to know that this has not been the cue in any degree; on the contrary, that vitally important department has been progressing ;sari paws with the increase of the population and the advancement of the colony in other respects. By the statistics published in the government Gazette at Adelaide, it appears, that the increase during 1846 of land fenced in and cultivated was very consider able. At December 31, 11145, the extent of land fenced in was 62,218 acres ; while on the last day of 1846 it amounted to 89,565 acres; being an increase of 27,317 acres. At December 31, 1845, the extent of land under cultivation was 26,218 acres. At the corresponding date of 1646, the cultivated land was 33,292 acres; increase, 7,074 acres. The average produce in some districts of that country at the lest harvest was 28 bushels of wheat and 39 bushels of barley. Several parcels of their wheat have been lately received. The general weight of one parcel was 64116. per bushel. By • census taken in March, 1816, it was found that the population amounted to 22,390 souls During that year the customhouse books show the number of immigrants to have been 4,616 ; and when to these we add the number in 1847, and the births in the colony, there can not be fewer now than 30,000 souls. Such is the demand for labour, that shepherds' wages have lately been advanced from 10e. to 12s. per week (ration., 10ibs. flour and 10Ibs. butchers' meat per week, with tea and sugar) and lodging found; and even unskilled labourers get immediate employ ment on arriving there at 21s. per week and upwards; while the prices of provisions are very moderate indeed—bread 21d. to 3d. per 41b. loaf; beef and mutton 31d. per lb. ; tea 2s. to 3s. per lb.; and sugar 31. to 4d. per lb. Lodgings in Adelaide may be had from 3s. to ss. per week. 'Ube court. WINDSOR, FRIDAY. Yesterday her Majesty honoured Mr. Thorburn with a sitting for an historical picture. Mr. Kilburn bad the honour of submitting to the inspiction of her Majesty and Prince Albert several of his photographic miniatures. The Duchess of Kent returned to her residence, Frogrmsre House, near Windsor, yesterday, from a visit to the Duchess of Glcucester, is Richmond-park. The Duke of Cambridge arrived in town yesterday from Riehmond.pirk. A Cabinet Council was held yesterday afternoon at the Foreign-office. The ministers present were Lord J. Russell, the Lord Chancellor, the Marquis of Lansdowne, Sir 0. Grey, Viscount Palmerston, Earl Grey, the Chan cellor of the Exchequer, the Earl of Auckland, Sir J. Hob house, the Right Hon. H. Labouchere, Lord Campbell, the Marquis of Clanricarde, Viscount Morpeth, and the Right Hon. T. B. Macaul►y. The council sat two hours and a half. A deputation from the St. Andrew's and Quebec Railroad Company, consisting of Mr. George Pemberton, Mr. B. Badger, Captain W. D. Paget, R.N., Mr. B. Sharpe, Mr. Herbert Ingram, and Mr. W. Bridges, the secretary, had en interview with Earl Grey yesterday at the Colonial office, on the subject of the railway intercommunication of British North America. _ Hui Excellency the Portuguese Minister transacted business yesterday at the Foreign-Mike. The Metropolitan Sanitary Commission held a meeting at Gwydyr-house yesterday. The commimioners present were Lord Robert Grosvenor, Edwin Chadwick, Esq., Dr. Southwood Smith, Professor Owen, Richard Lam bert Jones, Esq., and their secretary, Henry Austin, Esq. General Napier had an interview with Sir George Grey yesterday, at the Home-office.—Lord Stavoniale had also an interview with the right hon. baronet yesterday.— The Ron. H. Roberts (from Jamaica) had an interview with Earl Grey yesterday, at the Colonial-office. (From last mgtit's Gazette.) DOWNING -STREET, OCT. Is.—The Queen has ap pointed F. Brady, Esq., to be Chief Justice for the Wand of Newfoundland. WurrEnALL, OCT. Ill.—The Queen has presented the Rev. P. Grant to the church and parish of Small Wilt, in the presbytery of Skye and county of Inverness, vacant by the transportation of the Rev. H. Beatson, late minister thereof, to the church and parish of Barn. WAR-OFFICF, Ocr. IS. 16th LL Drage.-IJeuL D. 11. Mackinnon to be card., by per., vice Webster, who reL ; Lieut. H. Heaviside, from Rifle Brig., to be lieut., by Pm rhase, vice hbat...n. 17th U. Drags.—Lieut. T. Lyon to be apt, by par., vice Crawshay, who ret.; Cm. W. W. Cadrincion to be lieut., by pur., vice Lyon ; R. White, gent., to be cornet, by purchase., vice Coaruucton. sth F.—To be Lleuta. : Lieut. W. 11. Forster, from h.+, 9th F., vice A. E. C. Forster, app. to 26th F.; Lieut. G. H. Hawes, from DM F., vice Potter, app. paymaster. 10th F.—LleuL J. E. H. Taylor, from 54th F., to be lieut., vice Llndam, app. paymaster Rifle Brigade. 16th F.—Lieut. T. C. Higginaon, from h. p. 62nd F., to be lieut., vice Molt. promoted. 17th P.`eps the Hon. E. Fiterny Neville Fsne, from the Ride Brig., to be apt, vice Wetherell, who exchanges. 22nd F.--Lieut. W. Hunt, from 6.lrd F., lobe lieut., vice Retell/1; appointed paymaster. 3rd I.—Llent. J. I. Routh, to be apt, by pur., vitt Torrent,, who ret.; Sec. Lieut. C. O. Sutton, to be that lieut., by pur., vice Routh ; P. M. H. Dere, gent., to be see. lieut., by pur., vice Sutton. 26th F.—J .B. Young, gent., to be ens., by par., vice Stuart, who retires. • .. ........ Nth F.—Lieut. R. G. Cumming, front 9.h F., to be lieut., vice T. Hawley, who ret. on h.-p. 9th F. 28th F.—C. W. Watkine, gent., to be ens., by pur., eke Crooke, who retires. 414 V. —Capt. W. C. Senn, to be major, by par., vice Donaldson w►o retina ; Lima. 0. M. Hicks, to be rapt., by frar vice Seton , Ens. 0. Sklpwitt to be lieut., by pur., rice Ricks; T. A:Pelroe, gent., to be east" by parehme, vice Skipwbth. 45th E—Colotar-Serg. L. Fitzgibbon to be quartermaeter. Seth F.—Lieut. J. M. M. Hewett, from h..p. 62nd F., to be tient., vice Taylor, appointed to 10th Foot. 55th F.—Lieut. J. Hanham, ftom h..p. 62nd F., to be Lent., Mee Hamilton, promoted. 58th F.--Sergt..-major W. Moir to be quartermaster, lice Kirby, app. elm. la Sid West India Beg. 67th F.—Ltrat. J. 149 Kay M'Kenzie, from h.-p. 62nd F., to be Beat., lice Breeden. app. to 23th F. 72nd F.—G. D. Anderson, gent., to be ens., by par., rice Norman, promoted. 76th F.—Ems. C. F. Brockman to be lieut., by par., vice Bercaford, who retlree; J. It. H. Gammen. gent., to be ensign, by purchase, Tice Brockman. 77th H.J. Weller*, frogs h..p. 9th to be Bout Tice Leiria, promoted. 78th F.—Lieut. R. Douglas, from h„-p. 62nd P., to be lieut., rice newton, appointed peymaster of 94th F. 86th F.—Lieut. J. Spier, from 63rd F., to be Bent, list W. C. Baird, who retires on half-pay of 63rd F. Rifle Briguile.—Capt. F. A. Wetherell, born 17th F., to be eapt., oboe lane, who each. ; ilec..Lieut. the Hon. J. Stuart to be first lieut., by our., Tice Heaviside, app. to the 16th Lt. Dregs.; C. E. Bort, gent., to be sm. limit., by par. dire swirl.. L'aorr•cnan.—Lfrat. A. L. Bourke, from 3rd Drag. Gda., to be capL, without var. Minoassotes.—The Christian names of Ens. Kinahan, of 4th F., are George Dank!. DEATH OF LIEPT.-GENERAL SIR SAMUEL DICK ENS, K C.H.—This distinguished officer, wko expired on the Ilth instant, at Ipswich, in the eighty-third year of his age, after a service of sixty-five ars, was son of Lieut.-Colonel Dickens, late of the Ist Foot; a gentleman who was descended from George, Duke of Clarence, brother to King Edward the Fourth. In 1778 he entered the Royal A.rtillery, and in 1779 wm made second lieutenant. He subsequently entered the Royal Engineers, and was sta tionrd in the western district from 1780 to 1784. From the latter part of 1784 to 1800 he was stationed at Gibraltar. In 1794 he attained the rank of captain, Witt Engineers. He afterwards served under Sir James Pulteney, on the coast of France, and at Ferrol. He was next er.gaged under Sir Ralph Abercromby, during the operations about the Medi terranean in 1800. and was altogether thirty years absent from England. lie was promoted to the rank of major general in 1819, and in 1837 to that of lieut.•general. in 1814 he was made colonel commandant of the Royal En gineers. THE REGISTRATIONS. OTT OF LONDON.—At the meeting of the court yesterday . two eases occurred which gave rise to an important question an reference to coins. In All Hallows, Lombard street, Thomas Cams&le, of 15, Skinner's-place, was objected to by Mr. Smith, on the ground that he was nut rated. It was proved that he was rated, and, besides the vote being allowed, 15s. was awarded to him as coats.—Thos. Fricker, of Ship Tavern-passage, was also objected to on the same ground, but, similar proof having been given, the vote was allowed, and 10a. awarded.—Mr. Smith then said that he should not oppose the awarding of costs in the above eases, as the objections proved to be groundless. The parties were rated fur Leadenhall-market, and though they did not ap pear in the rate-bock as living there, it new turned out that Ship Tavern-pssaage and Skinner's-place were within the market boundary. While, however, he admitted that the objections ought not to have been made, he felt booed to observe generally, that his friends and himself were placed in this difficulty with regard to the absence of cases for objecion, that one year they had a learned gentleman laying down one set of prin ciples, and the neat another judge laying down principles of an opposite nature, so that between the two they scarcely Iknew how to proceed. In the cases which had just been 'disposed of, the parties had received notice beforehand that their claims would not be opposed, and it might be waves most for the /smart to state whether, if parties upon whoa notice of objectism had been acreed, received letters intone, log them that they need not attend, and, nevertheless, attend, the court would take into consideration these ei stances in awarding carts. That question was one of importance, because many persona who received letters Ist log them that they need not trouble themselves, • in coming merely for the purpose of obtaining costs. Th e agents on both sides united in this appeal. Mr. M'Chritle said he would not pledge himself not to award costa* groundless objection, even where the party was told, in th e , to prevent his attendance, that it had been withdrawn. he could say was that the Peculiarity of the case might in some degree influence hint in his decision of the question. —ln the parish of All Hallows, Lombard-street, John Parker, of No. 2, Bell-yard, Gracechurcbstreet,wu objected to by Mr. Smith, on the ground of nonpayment of rata. —The Vestry Clerk stated that Parker was the sexton of the pariah and received a salary of 301. a year, from which his rates were deducted. There was no actual payment of rates, nor was any receipt given, but the balance was always is Parker's favour. In reply to Mr. Smith, the witness further said that the salary was paid out of the poor-rate, which Mr. Ledger contended was a mel-administration of the rate. The objection was overruled.--T. E. Tay for, the window-cleaner of the parish, was objected to by Mr. Smith on the same ground, and the vote was allowed.—ltobert Barnett, of the parish of St. Edmund the King and Martyr, was objected% by Mr. Brown, on the ground that he was not rated. The name was returned on the list of voters, end the fact of its omission from the rate-book led to an interesting discussion. It appeared that a claim to be rated had been made. On ascertaining this fact, the Revising Barrister was proceeding, as in many former cases, to inflict a fine on the overseers, when Mr. Gude, the vestry clerk, read a lengthened written defence of the omission, of which the following was the substance • In this perish, for several years past, the housekeepers who paid the rates were alone entered in the rate-books. The practice of rating each counting house keeper had previously occasioned great trouble, confusion, and loss of rates, and another object of the alteration was to prevent parties from obtaining the right to relief, and to a share of some charitable funds, greatly to the advantage of the poor. Previous to the alteration in the poor-taw, it was a common occurrence fur persons to hire themselves as servants for twelve months, and at the expiration of their servitude to claim relief. These circumstances were brought before the late Revising Barrister (Mr. Arnold), who, after carefully considering them, was of opinion that he tiuld not fine the overseers under the Registration Act for non-compliance with a clause of the Reform Act, otherwise provided against. The latter act directed that any occupier claiming to be rated should be held to hare been rated for the purpose of registratior.. The overseers did no injury, therefore, to a party by merely omitting his name from the rate book. It was true that the Reform Act gave a right of action for 5001. against the overseers to a party aggrieved, but there was no party aggrieved if the name were inserted in the voting list, and they, fore no action could be brought. The Reform Act alone required the claimant's name to he put on the rates, and the overseers could not he punished under the Registration Act for an offence against the Reform Act. The course taken by the parish, in making out its list, was " first to insert all the persons on the register for the preceding year, continuing in the parish, and tken all other persons on the rate, or who have claimed to be rated ;" and it could be exceedingly bard if the overseers should be fined for "malting out their lists in the usual way, and after the preceding revising barrister had de. cided that he could not in•erfere." As the fran chise was not dependent upon rating, it was sub mitted, in conclusion, that the provision should be alto gether abolished.—Mr. Smith said that, notwithstanding Mr. Gude's defence, he must observe that, under the act, rating was imposed as a duty on the overseers.—Mr. Gude But there is a clause which save that, if a demand to be rated be made, whether a party be actually rated or not, he shall be inserted on the list.—Mr. 111• Christie : That is meant for the protection of the voter against your negligence.—Mr. Smith : It has been declared plainly that the object of the omission was to deprive parties of the opportunity of form ing a settlement; whereas the act expressly says that the oc cupier shall have his name inserted in the rateibook.—Mr. Brown: I will not address the court, bat I agree, in set. stance, with Mr. Gude.—Mr. bl'Chriatie : Mr. Gade's de luxe might form a very good speech in parlia ment, hut it will notjdo here. It is the undoubted duty of the overseers to insert the names of occupiers in the rate-book. —Mr. Glide : An occupier does not lose the franchise if the complies with the Reform Act by claiming to be rated.—Mr. M'Claristie: That view of the law will not satisfy me. The learned gentleman then inflicted a fine of 5/. for neglect of duty. In several other cases parties were disfranchised because they had not claimed, and were not therefore in. seated in the overseen' list, this constituting the sole difference between their position and that of Mr. Barnett—The vestry clerk pleaded, in mitigation, that there had been nothing be yond an error of judgment.—The learned gentleman could not admit the excuse, but limited himself to the iiiffetion of fines of 31., in each of four cases selected from the rest. The following was the result of the day's revision Liberal claims allowed, 3; disallowed, 10. Conservative allowed, none; disallowed, 3. Liberal objections sustained, 35; failed, 40. Conservative sustained, 94; failed, 51. Objec tions by both parties : sustained, 34 ; failed, 1. The court will proceed this day with the ward of Portsokc n. NEW ZEALAND COMPANY. A special general court of the proprietors of this company was held yesterday at New Zealand House, Broad street Buildings, for the purpose of authorising the directors to accept a loan of 136,0001. from the Lords of the Treasury. A. Aglaiaby, Esq., M.P., presided, and Mr. Harington, the secretary, read the following report : On the I ith of May last, when you held your annual meeting in this plate, particular. were laid before you of the arrangements which were then in progress between your directors and her nujesty'e go. remanent ; and, in anticipation of the necomay sanction of Paths =eat, those arrangements received your appront The set by which the required sanctions lase been given, intituled, "An Act to promote Colontration in New Zealand, and to authorise • Iran to the New Zealand Company " (10 and II Victoria, chap. M), is now upon the table; your consent la requisite to empower your directors to give effect to Its provisions, and resolutioes for this pur pose will be proposed for your a motion. By the arrangement with her Majesty's government, confirmed by the act of parliament thus referred to, a most important trust is com &led to the New Zealand Company. All the demesne and. of the crown in the whole of the Mid lle mul of Stewart'. bland, and in the southern part of the Northern bland of New Zealand, are absolutely vested in the New Zealand Company, with power to affininister in the manner stated in the act, all the rights of her Majesty in reference ta the mid denims lends, in such swim as shall stem to them best fitted to promote the efficient colonisatim of New Zealand. It become, to consequence, the duty of your director. to lay before you and the publle, the object with which they undertake this great trust, and the advantages which, by means of It, are offered to all ranks of society. The alm of this company is not coffithel to mere emigration, but is directed, as you bare long been aware, to colonisation, in its ancient and eysternatie form. Its object is, to transplant English society with Its various gradations in doe proportions, carrying out one laws, en.. toms, amonatMos, habits, manners, feelings--everrthiog of England. in short, but the coil. We dente so now to east rte foundauons the colony, that In a few generations New Zealand shall offer to the world • counterpart or our country, in all the most cheriehed pecu liarities, of our own social system and national character, as well as in wealth and power. Suck is our aim in consenting le undertake thistrust The New Zcsbnd Islands seem to afiord the only field an the globe where it la any longer possible to attempt an enterprise of this interesting and comprehen sive character; and in them many circumetance. unite in a remark able manner to promise euccese, provided the proper means are pru dently and energetically combined. So much is sow generally known regarding the aalcbrlty of the Mumma( New Zealand (superior to all others in respect of its freedom from drought ; from eseemive heat in summer ; from cold is winter ; and from too much wet in any senace)—regarding the great ferulde of its soil in many extensive districts-11a adaptation to agricultural and pastoral purposs—the mineral productioes, comprising coal, iron, sulphur, copper, and several other useful kinds, the timber, the excellence and number of the porta—and the advantageous potation of the Islands, which assures to them ultimately the naval and commer cial command of the Isecifle—that it is unnecessary at meant to do more them to Mude to these point.; but connected with them, the moderate extent of the Wands is an element of gent consequence. For a lienhatka of the area In any field for isoloaising operation, where neither slaves nor convict. can be employed, is indapemably rmnisite for the retention of colonial society in the onward path of elMlisation, and the prevention of the dispersion and isolation of families ro fatal to colonial prosperity. Such its the country which government now open• to the enterprise and sagacity of the merchants, agriculturists, and gentlemen of Eng land, and to the Industry of is labourer', and artisan., and on which her Majesty has graciously been pleased to confer rights and MLitt , - lions which offer the benefin of local and municipal self-government. But while the assemblage of ci re umatances trim combining to promise that life in New Zealand shall be agreeable, and property molmble. displays itself in colours so attractive, care must be taken that the attention la sat for one moment diverted from the great certainty, that metal happiness, sal the growth of wealth in • new colony, are results which may he entirely ml eed, unless the method. which Mall be employed respectively to achieve them embrace those elements which experience of the morel and mineral requirements of mankind demonstrates to be essential M their attainment. No procedure—no ormuthation —will prove of any corall unless animated by such princi ples. Thus religion and education are essential to the existence and growth of es lel happiness; and although the extent to which the colonist. shall enjoy the benefit.. of these blessings will ultimately depend on themselves, yet the company will endeavour to initiate the provisions for them In every one of the settlements that shall be formed. In like manner the growth of wealth (and with it all the fruits of civilisation) depends entirely upon each • combination between the capitalist and the labourer, that each shall be reciprocally depeit4ent on the other. Capitalists without labourers would find their capital paralysed ; and labourers without capitalists, or independent of them, would uniformly pass off into semi-barbarous cottices, with no ex ample of any clam of society better and higher than themselves, and without anv possible means is. improvement. Unless, therefore, the New Zealand Company an secure combina tion between capital sail labour, It will (al of it. great object. This combination is the Indispensable condition of colonial prosperity ; and all the plans for new settlements, which your directors will son have to submit to the public, will be founded on it. Their great desire Is, and to the accomplishment of it they will direct all their that the opportunity of gradually acquiring • mod landed eel= he afforded to the gentleman and practical farmer, net the certainty agent wage., good living, and an ultimate independeme to the In. dustrious I obourer. In deriving, and In steadily appleng the means for attaining these objects, COnotiatA the main utility of the company; and now that all differences between It and the government, both at home and in the colony, have entirely ceased—that it is receiving possession of its long withhold lands, has bees invested with the great trusteeship which in now announced, and that the wires, reduced to order by the energetic and conciliatory policy of Gemmel . Grey , are generally adopting the habits of cleaned life, betakieg themselves to the culture of the soil, Imth on their own account and as labourers to the settlers—your directors resume their colonising operations under a confident hope that they shall be enabled to carry to • happy prac tical result those principles which the experience of all colonies in all ages ha. shown to be sound. Subject to each modificatioste as altered circumstances render no. oessary, they . are prepared to po on with land uleh and to resume their co.onising operations in the existing settlements of Wildest" Nelson, New Plymouth, and Otago; and they will, eve long, make known what new districts they offer for colonisation. Healy remains to state that John Ti'elsford Cowell, Esq., her Has josty's commissioner, has entered upon the execution of his duties. The directors anticipate much advantage to the company, and to New &Wend, from the great experience and mend jud,:ment of this gen tleman; find they regard his appointment with sincere satisfaction, for the evidence It polecat:ally affords of the disposition of her Ma jesty's government effectimily to cooperate in cart ping out the gres , public object to which the efforts of the company are directed, and foe the confidence which • knowledge of that cooperation will impart to the_public. The CHAIRMAN said that, at the last special meeting, the proprietors had given their sanction to the arrangemtut then I I -.IL