The Express. — London, England, 1847-12-25 00:00:00

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I SW. p. 44 LONDON, SATURDAY, DEC. 25. - - SELDOM have Christian nations been able to cele brate their great festival all over the world with more benign and philanthropic feelings than at present. Never was there a period in which international rancour was so completely allayed, in which more pacific hopes and calculat ions prevailed, or in which envy, malice, and uncharitableness were more com pletely banished from the lay world. We wish we could say the same of religious professors and ecclesias tical communities. But, unfortunately, all the rancour and strife, the personal and party hatred, so wisely thrown off by people and by politicians, seem to have been industriously picked up by church men. And from the Alps of Switzerland to those of Wales we hear of nothing save laymen recommending peace, and churchmen trumpeting war—there for the Jesuit, here for the Tractarian cause. That there should be not only peace, but every prospect of continued peace, from the Sea of China to the St. George's Channel, is indeed a fact as novel as gratifying. Never, perhaps, at any former period could India have been contemplated so as to allow of such a hope. The result of all former wars, however successful, and of all for- flier treaties, however sincerely entered into, was to' bring us into contact with fiercer and more unmanage able neighbours, so that war, or a continued prepara tion fur it, seemed forced upon us. For the first time one brilliant campaign has established true and effective frontiers for India—frontiers within which we may cultivate the arts of peace, and watch without feverish emotion any movements or menaces of that great power,twhich lies on the confines, and occu pies so large a portion, of both Europe and Asia. But never was Russia itself more quiescent than at the present moment. As the restless youth of the Czar attained and passed the zenith of manhood, the ambition and intrigues of Russian subordinates have relaxed, and we are no longer alarmed by their machinations or invasions on the shores of the Caspian or the Bosphorus. When Russia and Great Britain are really in accordance and pacific, the rest of Europe must be quiet. Nor is all the fussiness of the French minister to arrange the houses and esta blishments of all his neighbours after his (M. Ormor's) peculiar ideas, sufficient to create serious quarrels. Indeed, when we see the French minister, in order to get up something like strife and antagonism, obliged to enlist in the cause of religious fanaticism, and to come forward as the champion of monks, for whom no rational person, save I.GUIZOT himself and Mr. JOHN O'CONNELL, has cared for the last century, we may judge to what straits foreign and enter prising politicians are put, who are eager to open new spheres for their activity. The present Christmas does, indeed, wear very much the appearance of that which Mr. COBDEN hails as the great era of free trade and no war, when the eagerness of all nations shall be but to buy and sell, and when this characteristic of the mercantile classes shall absorb the other old, courtly, and feudal characteristics of robbing, conquering, and over reaching. We are not indeed quite sure as yet of Mr. COBDEN'S Utopia being fully realised, and we can still descry some disturbing influences. But it is im possible to deny that it is making progress. It would be curious to examine, though the inquiry would stretch far beyond our limits, what were the several causes which might, if strengthened and developed, yet disturb this peace of the world.. For, knowing and examining them, the friends of peace might be better able to combat the warlike principle. The first source of strife and war is despotic rule, the placing upon the throne and amidst the chief motives of policy, the personal feelings, family interests, and ambitious views of a potentate. Thus, the peace and happiness of nations, and the lives of millions, depend upon the age or humour of an individual. This grand and primal cause of war is, however, fast disappearing. In constitutional states of some duration, such causes are almost completely neutralised. Even is France, Louts PHILIPPE has not been able to indulge in those dy nastic and personal lines of policy which produce the future risk of war, except by flattering and falling in with the popular prejudices of his subjects. This leads us to another great source of warlike tendencies—viz., the pride, the passion, and historic reminiscences of a sensitive and spirited people. In our long struggle with France, the later events have been favourable to British pride. The history of those years galls the French ; the history of a few years more remote shows them mas ters of Europe, whilst' 1415 placed them at its feet. What shall erase from the French mind the irritated and warlike feelings so naturally begotten by such events? Mr. COBDEN recommends free trade, and others philosophy. We place great hopes in the spread of education, and, as Mr. COBDEN recom mends, in our ceasing to assume towards the French an attitude of rivalry :atid to display too grossly the feelings of fear or of ' distrust. Another source of war used to lie in the character of our aristocracy, petulant and proud, eager for the profession of acme, and contemptuous of mercantile pursuits. Throughout seven-eighths of Europe, and throughout all America, aristocracy, as a political power, is defunct. And where it still exists, it is timid, cautious, more sensible to its pocket than its pride ; in short, no longer capable of being raised into &bug bear. The aristocracy of wealth, which has suc ceeded to it, has at least not the demerit of being war like. There can be no fear of it on this head. There remains an influence very much inclined to fill the place of that aristocracy which has been dethroned, and with which it was of old closely allied. We allude to ecclesiastical and sacerdotal in fluence. People may at first laugh at the idea of classing sacerdotal and religious influence amongst the possible causes of war ; but a little consideration will, perhaps, convince any one who chooses seriously to reflect on the subject, that in no class of persons or of ideas does there exist so much of the inflamma tory, of the mutually hateful, and of those old dominating and persecuting impulses, as in churches. Rancour, indeed, seems to have been banished from the lay world. and to have taken re fuge in the ecclesiastical. This is so perfectly true of England, that we need not spend a line in the de monstration of i . And it is equally true of the Conti nent. What has stirred up civil war in Swit zerland, and has roused the courts of Paris and of Vienna to prepare and threaten the motion of diplomatists and armies ? What agitates the smaller states of Germany, and the court of Berlin? Iteli gioas parties : the Jesuits here, the Pietists there : the public aiding with the latitudinarians to escape the dominion of the high priests, and government throw ing its influence, now to one side, now to that, in order to eecureita independence from the most threat ening and powerful, for the time, of the forms of reli gious zeal. In our own allusions to religions controversy we have sought to be calm and impartial—the worst way, perhaps, to secure followers and friends. But we really dread to see a period of truce between do mestic parties, and of peace lbetween rival nations, turned into an epoch of religions strife, as if public opinion was an arena which must necessarily be occu pied by combats of some kind; and as if men's minds might not be allowed, at least at this season, to repose upon an unbroken prospect of peace, of hope, and of charity. Warn 9T we are dreading and preparing for the ad vent of cholera as a fearful scourge, the tables of the Registrar-General show that, for the last few weeks, the mortality in the metropolis has not only been greater than it was daring the presence of cholera in this connt•y in 1831.2, bnt greater than it , has been at any period since the great plague. Although the register for last week exhibits a decrease ' upon that of the two previous weeks, it still presents u• with a mortality nearly double that which usually occurs at the present sown of the year. The average number of deaths for the week ending December 18, for the years 1842-3-4-6-6, was 1,046 ; whilst in this year it amounts to 1,946. During the week ending on the 11th of Deo., the mortality mounts up to 2,416 ; the week previous it was 2,454 : and the week ending November 27, 1,677: making altoge ther an increase in the number of deaths above the average for one month, effete thousand three hundred and nine. On referring to the records of mortality from cholera, it will be found that this increase of deaths in London is nearly equal to all the deaths that took place from cholera in Scotland, and equal to half the deaths that occurred from the same disease in London. Although this increased mortality has been attributed to influenza, the registrar's report does not confirm this opinion, for we find that during the period we have referred to, only 878 deaths have been referred to influenza, which constitutes but a sixth part of the increased mortality of the period. It is, how ever, probable, that the deaths referred to inflammation of the lungs and air tubes (pneumonia and bronchitis) which amount, for the same period, to 2,031, are refer able to the same general causes as influenza. It has usually been found that when one form of disease pre vails extensively and fatally, other diseases are less prevalent and fatal ; but that is not the case during the present season, for we find an increase under al most every farm of disease. Whatever be the cause which is now favourable to the production of influenza and inflammatory disease of the lungs, it seems to be equally favourable to the development of typhus fever. This frightful disease, which bas been prevailing in London in the abodes of poverty and filth during the whole autumn, has suddenly made a destructive start, and carried off, in the last four weeks, nearly one thousand persons, or twenty-six daily, beyond the ordinary average at this season of the year. These are alarming facts, and calculated to produce earnest inquiry. Every one must feel interested in ascertaining whether this mortality has arisen from our defective sanitary arrangements, or from causes over which human foresight has no control. It has I been customary for medical men to refer influenza to the combined occurrence of a low temperature and a damp atmosphere. During the present season, the temperature has been rather higher than the average, whilst the amount of moisture in the atmosphere has not indicated an excess over years in which no in fluenza has occurred. Whilst the atmoepheric changes are not sufficient alone to account for the existence of the disease, yet, combined with other causes, they have probably assisted in its production. The past sum mer has been unusually dry, and has favoured the drying up and solidifying of vast masses of animal and vegetable matter not only in our drains and sewers, but also in our streets and every exposed place. The occurrence of the rains in November would soften this matter, whilst the unusually high temperature of the air would facilitate its decomposi tion, and the damp atmosphere would be the best pos sible means of conveying its poisonous agency into every system. It is in this manner that we believe there has been introduced into the human body a poisonous ferment as it were which, coming in contact with the blood, has produced such changes there as to engender positive diseases, like influenza, in some, and a predisposition to the influence of specific poisons, as typhus, scarlet fever, small pox, in others. If this be the true cause, the present alarming mortality may be directly traced to our want of sanitary arrangements. It is these same causes, acting upon the human system, that give the predis position to cholera. There is no fact better ascer tained in the history of cholera than that it breaks out in damp places, on the banks of rivers, and near the mouths of sewers, or after heavy rains. If we have not had cholera then in London, it arises not from our cir cumstances forbidding its residence amongst us, but that its poison, its germs, whatever they may be, have not yet arrived in this country. That the accumulated filth of our sewers, drains, lanes, courts, and alleys, combined with the ener vating influence of imperfect ventilation, has been an active cause of the late mortality, will be found from an examination of the districts where the late mortality has been greatest. For instance, we find that Whitechapel, with a population of 71,000, has lost in the month 413 inhabitants, whilst the district of St. George, Hanover-square, with nearly the same population, 68,000, has had but 176 deaths. Or again, contrast the deaths in Wands worth and St. George-in-the-East, districts with nearly the same number of inhabitants, and it will be found that whilst only 96 persons died in the first, 263 died in the last. We might give other illustra tions from the registrar's report, but these will be sufficient to prove our position, that the present enormous rate of mortality in London is mainly due to our want of proper sanitary arrangements. The question occurs here as to whether the present pestilence is likely to have any effect on the advent of cholera. Taking the most favourable view of the question, we might suppose that the great majority of the weak and predisposed having sunk under the dial eases now prevalent, that there would be few left for the cholera to prey on, and that, consequently, its visitation would be mild. At the same time, if we , recollect that on a previous occasion the severity of influenza was not mitigated by the cholera which had preceded it, we shall have no reason to hope that the converse will be the case; and, indeed, when we find that the causes which produce influenza have in creased within the last few years, judging by the greater severity of this attack, and know that they are analogous to those which favour the development of cholera, it does seem to our minds an additional reason, if not for appre hension, at least for increased and redoubled activity with regard to sanitary measures. It should be recol lected that, although so much has been said and writ ten with regard to public health, really very little has been done at all. Oullyholes 'still remain entrapped, to poison the frequenters of the most splendid streets of our metropolis; our courts and alleys are as redolent of all abominable stenches as ever ; we have whole streets of houses in which every room is a den of filth, and each article of fur niture, and every rag employed by its inhabitants, are foci of contagion ; there are walls which have never known whitewash, and floors which have been strangers to water for nearly a century ; even the mansions of the wealthy are exposed to the stench of the cesspools which have been so foolishly and abun dantly formed to injure the health of their inhabitants. These things should not be, if we wish to escape cholera. ITALIAN journal being word of the death of NA. Poteott's widow, MARIA LOEI9A, Duchess of Parma and Piacenza, who expired at Parma, on the 17th. The demise of this princess will facilitate those re-arrangements of the principalities of Central Italy, which the imbecility of some of the sovereigns, the unpopularity of others, and the popular effer vescence throughout the region, have rendered necessary. The ex-Duke of LUCCA can now suc ceed to his patrimonial heritage of Parma; and the little territory,not so much disputed, between Modena and Tuscany, as itself resolute never to be come Modenese, will have the satisfaction of return ing permanently under the mild and liberal rule of the Grand Duke. There is little to say of the character of MARIA LOUISA, much as might be indited on the fickleness of her fortune. SacriSced when young by her family to the ambitions desire of NAPOLEON to found a dynasty in France, and to impart to it at least some claims of imperial descent, MARIA LOUISA was more a dutiful than a devoted wife. She displayed in the moment of NAPOLEON'S fall none of that energy and affection so usual in women, and which, had it been displayed by her, might have altered the fate of NAPOLEON. Bit her apathetic nature was roused neither by his fall, nor yet by the disinheriting of her am. Her history since she went to Parma, is made up of the usual events of an Italian sovereign's life--misrule and exaction towards her subjects, and in her court a domestic and semi-legitimate connexion with Count NEUPERO in the first instance, and some other as unknown courtier since. It is as tonishing how noiselessly and obscurely all the rela tives and connexions of the great NAPOLEON sink into their graves. Our Paris letters say that the agitation which pre vailed in that city on Wednesday continued on Thurs day, and the funds suffered a further decline. Notwithstanding 'unmoor& received in:high quarters that the King enjoys his usual good health, appre hensions and suspicions to the contrary prevailed. On Wednesday evening the reception rooms of the Tuile- - THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY ilea were tilled with members of the chamber of both garde., the principal members of the corm alpliornatique, and other persons of distinc tion. Among Th thee, present was observed M. Thiess. e King did not appear, a circumstance which, in fact, contributed to the con tinued fall at the Boone. We have received from our correspondent further usurances that the reports of the indisposition of the King are altogether devoid of any real feandation. On Monday evening, and the morning of Tuesday, the King saffertd from a slight catarrh, which rendered it prudent for him to abstain from his usual drives. On Wednesday, as we stated yesterday, he was quite recovered ; but the solicitude of the Queen induced him to abstain from appearing in the crowded drawing-room that evening. Nothing could equal the surprise created in Pans on Thursday by the arrival of the unfounded an nouncement of the abdication of Louis Philippe, given in one of the London morning journals of Tuesday. The journals of Thursday contain no intelligence of I interest, with the exception of the death of the Arch duchess Maria Louisa, ex-Empress of the French. This event is announced to have taken place at Parma, on tho 17th. The principalities of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla will now pass to the Duke of Lucca, under the terms of the treaty of Vienna of 1815. We read in the Prone ; " The news which we gave a few days back, of the determination come to by the northern courts to interfere, conjointly with France, and, if necessary, without the participation of England, in the internal affairs of Switzerland, appears to gain confirmation in every point. We learn, in fact, that yesterday M. Guizot had, with MM. d'Appouy, Arnim, and de Kisseleff, a long con ference, an invitation to which had been forgotten to he sent to the Ambassador of England." The Madrid mails of the 17th arrived by extraordi nary courier at a late hour in Paris on Thursday even ing. The result of the debate in the Chamber on the 16th was unfavourable to the opposition, and effected a complete reconciliation between the cabinet and all factions of the moderado majority. The mem bers of that party held a private meeting on the 17th, the subject of which was believed to be the accusation proposed to be made against M. Salamanca. tribe Court. WINDSOR, FRlDAY.—Viscount Canning is expected to arrive at the Castle this evening on a visit to her Majesty. —The Royal dinner party at the Castle this evening will in clods the Duchess of Kent, the Lady in waiting of the Duchess of Kent, Viscount Canning, Baroness de Speth and Lady Angulo Bruce. The Duke of Cambr;dge visited Chelsea College yesterday. His Royal Highness paid a visit to the Duchess of Gloucester, at Gloucester House. The Rev. Dr. Hampden had an interview with Sir George Grey yesterday at the Home office. The Chancellor of the Exchequer and Lady Mary Wood left town yesterday for the seat of Earl Spencer, Althorp-park, Northamptonshire. Despatches frem the Governor of the Cape of Good Hope were received yesterday at the Colonial-office. Despatches for Viscount Torrington, governor of Ceylon, and also (or the governors of Hong Kong and Malta were sent off yesterday evening from the Colonial.office. The Archbishop of York is to be enthroned on Thursday, the 13th of the ensuing month, at the cathedral church at York. His Grace has appointed the following Sunday for an ordination at the waster, and not at the Archiepiscopal Palace, at Bishopathorpe, where they were usually held by the late archbishop. The Earl of Shelburne will be re-elected for Caine, Wilts, on Mond•y next, without opposition, on his appoint ment of Lord of the Treasury, in the room of Viscount Ebriagton. Her Majesty and the Prince Consort, accompanied by the royal family, and attended by a small suite, will pro ceed to Claremont, soon after the Christmas holidays, fur a few days, for the purpose of giving his royal highness the opportunity, before the elm of the season, of shooting over the well-stocked preserves of the King of the Belgians. The court will then return to Windsor, where it will' remain until the end of February, or the early part of the following month. _ _ PAGE OF THE PRESENCE TO HER MAJESTT.—The a created in the royal establishment by the death of lr n qood has just been filled up by the appointment of Mr. Lawley, who had been for the last five years one of the yaghers in the household of Prince Albert. The salary and emoluments of this situation are nearly 4001. per annum. (From lut night's Gazette.) LORD GREAT CHAMBERLAIN'ti-IJIWICE, DEC. 20. Notice is hereby gives, that the usual weekly distribution of tickets from this Whoa will be discontinued during the recess of parliament, it being necessary to close tie House of Lords during that time.—WILLOUGHBY Da ERRIIIIY. G.C. WHITEHALL, Dac. 22.—The Queen has been pleated to direct letters patent to be mood under the Great Seal constituting and appointing the Right Hon. John Rua. sell (commonly called Lnrd John Russell), the Right Hon. Sir Charles Wood, Bart., William Gibson Craig, Esq., Henry Rich, Esq., Richard Montesquieu Bellew, Eq., and Henry Petty Fitzmatirice, Esq. (commonly called Earl of Shel burne), Commissioners for executing the Offices of Treasurer of the Exchequer of Great Britain and Lord High Treasurer of Ireland. WHITEHALL, DEC. 22.—The Queen has been pleased to direct icttere patent to be paged under the Great Seal,granting the office and place of Advocate General or Judge Martial of her Majesty's Forces to W. Goodenough Hayter, Esq. WAR-OFFICE, Om. 24. Sth Dreg. Ods.—Lieut. W. S. W. Sandford, from 89rd P., to b e lieut., eke Crawford, who each. 6th Drag. Gds. -Vet. Sorg A. IL Cherry, from the 18th Lt. Drags., to be yet sorg., vice Johnston, resigned. 7th Dreg. Oda—Maj. Oen. the Hon. IL Marray, C. 8., to be col., vice Lieut. Oen. Sir G. Sowell, K.C.8., app. to the 4th Lt. Drags. 4th Lt. Desna—Limit-Gen Sir G. Same, K.C.8., from the 7th Drag. C.& , to be col., rim Lierit.-Gen. Sir J. C. Denise, &mewed ; Assist-elerg. J. Reid, from the eta, to be assig.nurg., Moe Marc, promoted in the 72nd F. 15th Lt. Drags.—Cornet E. R. Keene, to be lieut., by pur., vise Hoare, who retires; F. W. Gotrilrap, gent., to be carnet, by poroham, Mee Keene. 16tTt Lt. Drys.—Veterinary Burg. J. K' ley, from the Cape Mounted Ridenteti, to be veterinary-avg., Mm Cherry, app. to the Dreg. Q. artl Reg. of F.—Licat. R. G.A. Lewd, to be adj., Moe Wands, prom. 7th F.— lieut. W. H. Hopson, to be rant, by par., vice Beauderk, vim rearm; Ens. J. Busby, from the 13th F., to be lieut., by pur., vice Iter—turg. J. B. Cbapman, from 63rd F., to be furs. vice Dane, who each. lithF—Gent.-Cadet H. Stone, from Royal Nil. Colt., to be ens., by par, Mos Busby, prom. in 7th F. lOh F.—Lieut.-C.l. M. Barlow, horn 44th F., to be Bent-col, vice Brev.-Ciii. M. Everard, who ret. upon b.-p. 3rd F.; Brev.-Maior C. R. Newman, to be major, without pew. vies Barlow, prom. to 44th F. • Limn. E. Protbero, to be cat, Mai Newman; Ena H. Towns end, to be Bent., vice Prothero; GesCadet W. R. B. IPClarin, from Royal MU. Coil., to be ens, vies Townsend. 4nth P.—Rter..Lieut-CoL N. Barlow from 14th F., to be lieut.- ooLoritheet Jur . ; Lieut..CoL J. 0. Citinie, from b.-p. 3rd F., to be lieut..col, vice Endow. app, to 14th F. 47th F.—Lieut. J. Villiers to be rapt, by par., Moe Evan, who rite.; Lieut. 0. T. Williams to be rapt., by pur. vice Armstrong, who rota; Ens. G. W. Armit to be lieut , be pur., ' vies ; th.. T. Roper, to be lieut., by pair., vice WUI ems; W. 0. Lawrence, gent to be ems, by pur vioe Arndt; C. A. Stephenson, gent., to be ems., by par., rite Ups. 63rd 1 7 .—Mejor C. Jame., from the 84th P., to be major. vice Green, who each .; Sorg. R. Dane, M.D., from the 11th F., to be surg., vies Chapman, who exchanges. 66th F.—Lleut H. De Luttrell Seunderson, to oe mph, by pur., vice Matinee'', who Ist.; Ens. W.B. P. Serocold, to be IleoL, dry vies Baundersos; C. Perrin, gent, to be era., by pox., vice Perucold. 69th P.—Ern.. W. G. Daniel, to be lieut., by per., vies Brown, who red. ; H. B. Brady, gent., to be ens., byr .v . . viol 10sniaL 25d F.—Ess. A. Crombles to be rid Moe , prom. ; desist.- Sure. J. More, M.D., from the 4th LL tole ener, Mos Gray, app. to the 73th F. 2353 F.—Sorg. E. W. Gray, M.D., from the 73td F., to be mug., vice P. Nicholson, M.D., who retires upon hsif-pal. 92rd F.—Lieut. R. 11. P. Crawford, from the lilt Drag. Gds., to be Bent. , vine W. Sandford who each. 34th F.—Major G. Gr een, from 63rd F., to be maim, vies Jame, whoexchanges 86th F.—Lieut. W. FAwarda to be apt-, without per., ales Miro, Holland, des, ; Ens. G. W. Robins/ors, to be WM., without lair, alas Berry, dee. ; Eno. J. R. Stews!, to be lieut., Moe &Drools ; Gent. ddet H. B. Scott, from Royal Military Collage, to be ensign, vice Botansm. 89th P.—Ens. B. Mein, to be lieut., by per., via Kennedy, who ret; C. Watson, gent., to be ensign, byipurebees, vice Mel. UKIATACICID.—Brest LleoL-CoL EL D. Pritchard, tram major IL-p. watt., to be lient.-eol., without smudge. Hoserrar. Bran.—Lo Deputy Inspeotor.Gen. of Heapitale R. M. Pelle, M.D., to is deputy inepeetor-gen. of hogiltan ; Deputy In. vector-Oen. of Homlten A.. Moore Pelle, M.D., to be keel inmector- ' gen. of begotten in appointed J. Roberta.; M.D., to be theist.eurg. to the forces, vice Reid to 4th Light Dragoons. gnus'.—The under-mentioned cadets of the Hon. the Feet India Compnay'e serene to bare the local and temporary rank or ensign, wring the period of their bent( placed under the command tot. Mr F. of of the EL at Chatham, for field Mang tion In the cot of eap•Ang and m E. Southey, gent.; J. E. Donne, gent.; D. J. Nasmyth, gent. , Swill, gent.; a. Goddard, gent.; 8. C. Jerrie, gent , G. Dennison, genL ; J. T. Fisher, gent, ; C Soot; gent.; D, C. lieneby, gent. _ ADMIRALTY, Die. SI. The following promotions here this day takes plass, manammat the deeth of Vice-Adm. C. Carter, oathe 10th Inet.• Bear-Adm. of the Red P. Temple to b 3 eteewdat. of the blue • Bear-Adm. of the White E. Betsey to be rear-adm. of the rad; Hefei-Adm. of the Blue H. Hope, C. B. to be rear-adm. of the white; Capt. W. F. Owes, to be rear-adm. of the blue. A PLEASANT VALEDICTION.—Before the Bishop of New Zealand departed, Sidney Smith, in taking leave af fected to impress upon his friend the dangers of his min ion. " You will find," he said, "in preaching to cannibals, that their attention, instead of being occupied by the spirit, will be concentrated on the flesh; far I am told that they never breakfast without a cold missionary on the sideboard."' In shaking hands with the new prelate, as he was leaving the house, the rev. wit added, " Good bye. We shall never meet again ; but let us hope that you may thoroughly disagree with the aavaiie who eats you."— Family Jo: Miller, a draw-I 6syr.room je.w.bock. [NQ, DECEMBER 25, 1847. THE BISHOP ELECT OF HEREFORD. It in rumoured that, on the day to which the eleo- ' tion has been postponed, the Dean of Hereford will absent himself from the chapter meett i ng, thus throwing upon the nominated the responsibility of What m elng or rejecting the person by the Q ueen. ums that reverend body will adopt, we (the Worcester Jottneal) have no means of ascertaining but it may be safely assumed that, should they refuse to obey her Majesty's letter miasive, Lord John Rue • sell will hold firm to his purpose, and will recommend the Queen at once to exercise her royal prerogative and to ap point Dr. Hampden to the vacant see. Whether his lord ship will recommend that the contumacious body shall be visited with the penalties of apromunirs is another question, and one which we sincerely hope will not require a solution. We have received the following communication from the rector of Whitchurch : Sir,—ln your paper of the 22nd you have inserted a me morial, presented to the Bishop of Salisbury against the ap pointment of Dr. Hampden. Will you be kiad enough now to insert in your paper that there has been also sent up a memorial from some of the clergy of the archdeaconry of Dorset, in the diocese of Sarum, in favour of Dr. Hampden's appointment ?—Case Joan OtYre.—Dee. 23," We bear that the following address to Dr. Hampden, signed by between six and seven hundred names, including dose of fire hundred clergymen, together with those of se veral members of the upper and lower houses of parliament, and a cumber of eminent laymen, will be presented to him on Monday next, the 27th inst., but that an opportunity will be afforded for other signatures to be added until the 31st of December : Reverend tlir,—We, the undersigned clergy and laity of the church of England, beg to offer to you our sincere reepeeta and good w e = in the prospect of your advancement to the see of Hereford. by his late Majesty to fin the dignified and important Oboe of Regius Professor of Divinity in the University of Oxford, in trying times of the church, and under circumstances of singular perplexity, you have. in our opinion, diacharged the dutiee of that office in a manner which has completely justified the confidence then reposed in you. The publie announcement of your religious dews, which you made when entering upon your owe, and the sermons which you have I preached before the University an Regius Protestor, and eubseouently published, as well aa your other official acts, have, in our oddment, fully evidenced the eoundnove of your theological opinions, and your high deltas to tea orofeesorial chair. We power ,he fullest confidence I that, under the weightier reepondbility of the episcopal office, you I will maintain the genuine principles of the church of England. and exert your utemett energies to promote the cause of scriptural religion in this resim. Whilst we thus rely on your Integrity and real, we cannot bat feel how weak are the purposes of man without divine ' guidance and support. We, therefore, join with you in prayer, that you may be enabled to evince year Mums for the episcopal office, by the efficiency of your endeavours to advance the spiritual welfare of your diocese and ot the universal church of Christ COURT OF SEWERS, GUlLDHALL.—Yesterday a special meeting of the Commissioners of Sewers was held in tree court-room, for the purpose of receiving a deputation from the Conn of Aldermen, to receive the objections which that court entertained to certain provisions of a bill which the commissioners have prepared, requesting' the legislature -srs additional powers in res”--- to give the commissionc.. powers in respect of the sanitary sate of the City of London. The chair having been taken by Mr. Deputy Peacock, Mr. Aid. Wilson said that hi brother aldermen and himself had been appointed es a deputation to confer with the commissioners ft:cativo to the proposed bill. Several of the clauses were objected to by the Court of Aldermen, and to which he would call their attention, in the hope that they would be so altered or modified as to meet the views of the two bodies. The first one to which be would draw their attention was the 57th clause, in which the commissioners were empowered to enfortecertain sanitary regulation'', and if such regulations were not complied with, then to cause the owners of such property to attend before the court. By such a elates the commissioners would be both prosecutors and judges. The court of aldermen felt satisfied that such an enactment would be regarded by the public with jealousy and suspicion. —Mr. L. Jones said that it was not the intention of the court to act as magistrates. Supposing the sanitary measures were not adopted, and the parties attended, the information given in nine cases out of ten would have the desired effect. Should it be necessary to enforce the penalties, then they would be summoned before the sitting alderman.—This clause was retained.—Mr. Ald. Wilson said, amongst the court of alder men a very great objection existed to the 92nd clause u it now stood, which gave the commissioners power to license slaughterhouses. At the present moment the corporation was indicting some which had been presented by the ward of Farringdon Within as a nuisance; and at the late ward mote he had directed his inquest to present the 'laughter houses in the ward to the court of aldermen for the purpose of being prosecuted.—Mr. Deputy Peacock: If that is done, it will ruin half the ward.—Mr. Alder man Wilson said he should be very sorry to do that, but private interest must give way to public good.— Mr. Deputy Peacock doubted whether they should obtain the power they asked.—Mr. Alderman Siduey considered they ought to proceed with caution, for the House of Com mons viewed the powers asked for in many of the clauses with a great deal of jealousy, and he thought they had far better exclude the clause as it at present stood.—Mr. Deputy Merriam defended the clause.—Mr. Alderman Wil son expressed confidence that the legislature would not give them a power to legalise a nuisance which in sum mer was intolerable. He said that in such a city as this the building of new slauehter-bonus would not be permitted; the above, and the 96th clause, were expunged. A discussion ensued on the 109th clause, relative to the existence of melt ino-houses, which was ultimately retained.—Mr. Alderman Wilson said that the court objected to the 172nd clause, pro- , hibiting advertising vans coming into the City. It would have been a very useful clause had it been properly worded, but as it stood it was a dead letter.—Mr. Alderman Sidney sod Sir C. Marshall argued in favour of the clause. —Mr. Lawrence thought it ought not to have beam introduced ; it was in no way connected with the Mai* tary regulations of the City, which was the object of the proposed bill, on which the clause and the following one were expunged. A long discussion then followed as to whether the names of the aldermen should stand in the bill as Eurasia( part of the commission, which being strongly objected to I n the commissioners, and as neither of the aldermen would take the sense of the meeting the clauses against having the names of the aldermen is the bill were retained.—Mr. Alderman Wilson said that the deputation had now per hewed the duties which had been entrusted to them, and he hit bound to say that he should report favourably to the aseamittee of aldermen as to the courteous manner in which they had been received. He should net retire perfectly mdsfied, although he should leave with very different and ter more favourable feelings than when he entered the room. ivarything that had taken place should be laid before the aldermen. The deputation then retired, and the court shortly Aar broke up. THE ARANDONED SHIP, LADY KENNAWAY.—The damaged bark, Lady Kennaway, Captain Avery, with a valuable cargo, from Bombay, was abandoned in a storm in the Bay of Biscay, on the 11th of November, by a crew of 36 British seamen, and picked up on the 19th by two vessels, manned in all by 24 Danish seamen, who possessedeufficient skill and courage, with subsequent assistance, to work their own ships, and bring the Lady Kennaway, with her top- gallant yards across, esfely into a British port. This feat, without explanation, might appear highly discreditable tin the national character of British seamen, and the impala of the Lady Kennaway has very properly published his statement of the circumstances under whie.h it occurred. The publication of this statement has, in some measure, re deemed Captain Avery and his crew from the amount of blame which previously attached to them. Nevertheless, from all the information which has transpired, it ap pears that the crew of the Lady Kennaway were not in that organised and disciplined condition which is de drable and necessary on board all British merchant res eals. Captain Avery says that he proposed to lighten the 'tween decks, but his crew, one and all, protested against it. A crew protesting against their captain's wishes, is very much like refusing to do their duty. The three principal reasons alleged for abandoning the ship were the lose of the rudder, the leaky condition of the vessel, and the state of the weather. Of the last, few persons but these ou board could judge ; and it is a reason which might be brought to overrule all comment now. The lose of the rudder is an undeniable fact; but it is doubtful whe ther Captain Avery's carpenter and crew exerted themselves as they should in this matter. With reference to the alleged leaky conditicei of the vessel, a greet mistake was made somewhere. The ship was not leaky when found by the Danes seven thy' after, and she hue never been leaky, so to M since. The pump, used to suck at 12 inches. On th e 18th of December they sucked at 16 inches, and from 8 in the morning of the 18th to 4 in the afternoon of the next day there were but 20 inches in all in the well of the ship at her moorings in Plymouth. It is therefore evident that the crew must have misinformed Captain Avery on this point. The original rudder had an iron spindle, say 10 to 14 feet lon running from below the main-deck to above the poop deck. It was this part of the rudder which first gave way. Capt. Avery's people went down into the a ft er•hold in the lower deck, and, the vessel being put head to wind, they opened one of the afterporta and made an attempt on that level to ship a tiller into the rudder, but the rudder was carried away altogether while they were there. It was by the insufficient fastening of the port-hole thus opened that the lives of the Danes were sob eequently endangered. The temporary rudder constructed by Captain Avery was made, as he says, from a spar off the boom, and worked like a steer oar, in a semicircular socket cut in the taffrall. It had two chain guys from the tnizen chains, and two 5-inch rope guys leading through the aftermost porta OS each side, to the canatan, by which it was turned ; bat as Captain Avery relates, the gear did not hold, and he was compelled to cut away this rudder altogether.—The last rudder made by the severe was constructed of a spin lumnast having 19 feet inside the ship, and about 88 I het outside, at the end of which was a subpar 15 feet long fear the tallest that flanched off nearly 4 feet in all treat 010 outer and of the topmast. Favourably for them, when • se Deem maw on board, they found the cabins lad webby' Weer of ealfrely cleared away by the vessel's Aft Ahoy Loolooi, ilmoolore, of shipping their rudder poop the torten .tbey eat a bole through the stern of the .ataela mem powerful for steering the ship, being —say eight Oat nearer the water's edge, and at the same time more in beard. They then ingeniously removed the wheel from *haft the reizen on the poop deck to before the mizen on the Min deck, and worked their rudder by talkies carried from slim side of the ship to the barrel of the wheel—the Wham* instrument for the purpose. To allow space ON the upward play of the inner end of the rudder they cut a hole in the poop deck, twenty feet from side to side, and ten feet fore and aft. In all their early operations the Danes, probably, had more favour. able weather than the original crew ; still it seems unfortu- Mute that so valuable a ship and cargo should have been abandoned by a full complement of Englishmen and reco sued by a handful of Danes. The Committee of Privy Council for Trade, following the example of other IC nations, have establiahedboards of examiners, throng= masters and mates, voluntarily applying, may procure certi ficates of °uglification. The form of application eon eludes by declaring that the applicant subjects him self to tl a withdrawal of his certificate under the r regulations of the examiners. Few officers have yet obtained certificates. If Captain Avery and his chief mate have done so, they can now place their casein the hands of a properly constituted tribunal, and receive an award which would be likely to satisfy the public. It is understood that Captain Avery is • considerable loser by the Lady Ken newsy, cm board which he had • private venture sad valua ble outfit. —Morning Paper. INQUESTS, YESTERDAT.—SUDDEN DEATH AT A RAILWAY STATION.—Before Mr. Wakley, at 1110 Royal George, Drurasnonctstreet, Eustousquare, on the body of J. B. Storiker, aged 55, • retired captelk in the merchant service.--W. BuOseridge, hank rider at the North London Railway, deposed that, on Thursday last, the deceased was seen to stagger suddenly on the arrival platform, and fall immediately. Witness ran to the place and found the deceased foaming at the mouth. He was quite insensible, and witness left him in charge of policeman King while he went for a surgeon, upon whose arrival the deceased was found to be dead.—This evidence was corrobersted by King ; and it was proved by Mr. Edward Pascall, the eon in-law of the deceased, that he had been for years sub ject to disease of the heart.—Verdict, " Natural death." — Suspicious DRATll.—Before Mr. W. Carter, at the Lord Nelson, Nelson-square, Bleckfriareroad, on the body of Jane Phillips, aged 30.—Mr. A. Crawcour, of Nelson-square, said that the deceased had been in his employment for five or six years. On Tuesday afternoon witness and his wife, whilst sitting in the parlour, heard the deceased and the cook talking very loud, and Mrs. Crawcour went down to the kitchen, when the conversation ended, and she returned to the parlour. About ten minutes afterwards witness called to the deceased, but received no:answer. Mrs. Craw cour said she would go up stairs and see whether she was in the bedroom, and said to witness ; " I wish you would come with me, for my heart fails me." He did as requested, and as soon as he got to the first flight of stairs he beard a crash, when Mrs, Crawcour, in her fright, ran down stairs and into the street. —The beadle of the square was called in, and in the back yard the deceased was found lying upon her face in a pool of blood. The house was five stories high; every window at the back was fastened down, and there was no outlet to the roof. Witness was unable to tell how the deceased met with the injuries, unless she had entered one of the adjoining houses, and having got upon the roof, had passed along and thrown herself off. There was a ladder found against the yard-wall. —Leoai Weil said that she was in the service of Mr. Crawcour. On Tuesday last the deceased had few words with her mistress about a silver keile which had been missed. Mrs. Crawcour on that afternoon gave the deceased warning. Shortly afterwards she told witness that her mistress had threateuned to give her into custody unleas she produced the knife by twelve o'clock the next day. She then told witness that she would snake the place as clean as the could, for she did not think she should live much longer. About four o'clock the deceased came into the kitchen and &aid, "Cook, I won't live many minutes longer." Oa witness remonstrating with her, she replied, "It is no good speaking ; " and witness went up stairs. In about ten minutes she returned to the kitchen, and found that deceased had left, and about four minutes after witness heard • noise like glass breaking. She bad on one occasiou said that she would commit suicide. She used to have a man come to see her in the kitchen, during the absence of Mr. Crawcour. He was a potman at a neighbouring public.house. She told witness that she had been secretly married. E. Pool stated that he was potman at Mr. Phillips's public house. He had known the deceased for some time past. He was not mar ried to the deceased, and she had no ground fur supposing that he ever intended to marry her.—Mr. J. Hutchinem, surgeon, said he was called in to see the deceased on Tues day night last. He found her lying on the stone flags, in a pool of blood. There was an extensive fracture of the skull, which had caused her death. His impression was that she had got upon one of the adjoining houses, and thrown herself off the roof. There was a broken fiowerpotly ing on the ground, and one of the squares of glass inan window was broken, leaving the inference that in coming from the roof she hod turned over, and her feet or head had come in contact with the glass.—The servants in the ad joining houses were sent for, but none of them bad seen the deceased on the afternoon in question.—The coroner having summed up, the jury returned a verdict—" That the de ceased's death was caused by a fracture of the skull, but how that fracture was occasioned there was not sufficient evidence to prove." THE BANK OF ENGLAND AND THE ACT OF 1844. Our attention has been naturally directed to that provision of the Bank Charter Act of 1844, the operation of which the government has recently suspenehd. We hare been led to conclude that that provision is tke main provi sion of the act of 1344, and that its suspension was inevita ble. The principle upon which the act wu based we find thus laid down by Sir R. Peel, in his able, honest, and lucid speech of May 6, 1844, to the whole of which we refer our readers: Our general rule is to draw a distinction between the privilege of Untie and the ordinary banking bantams. W think that the privilege of issue to one which may be fairly and Judly claimed by the date, and that the banking badmen la one in which there cannot be tou un limited and unrestricted a competition. Sir Robert confesses that he has !against him " the high authority of Adam Smith and of Ricardo," but "is not pre pared to deny the position, that if we had a new state of so ciety to deal with, the wisest plan would be to claim for the state the exclusive privilege of the issue Of promissory notes, as we have claimed for it the exclusive privilege of coinage." He consequently thinks it "of emit importance to increase the power of a single Lank of issue" (the Bank of England). Nothing,but policy tine sear (just snoop) of opposition pre. vents him from at once restricting the issue of bank notes to the Bank of England alone. In the meantime, no new bank of issue whatever is to be established in the United Kingdom. Existing banks of issue are not to in crease their issue under any circumstances. If isting banks of issue fail or are dissolved, their cir. culation is, with the consent or government, to be re placed by the circulation of the Bank of England. Private banks are invited to give up issuing their own notes, and issue those of the Bank of England instead. That the Bank of England notes should be the only notes in circulation in the United Kingdom of England, Ireland, and Scotland, is confessedly Sir It. Peel's end, and the act of 1844 is as great an advance towards that consummation as he found it pos sible to make. . . . . Now this is for the sake of security against the danger of insolvency on the part of private banks of issue. That must. then be the main provision of the act, which is intended to guard against a similar danger on the part of the Bank of England. A bank note is a promise to pay so much gold upon demand. Any bank unable to pay upon demand the gold it has promised to pay is ipso focto bankrupt. The reserve of gold is the palladium of banks. The Bank of England must, by the act of 1841, always have in its coffers geld to represent all its notes in circulation beyond the amount of 14,000,0001., which it is allowed to issue on the basis of public securities. The average circulation being about 22,000,0001., the proportion of gold to notes will thus be about 1 to 3, which proportion, Sir R. Peel has said, past experience shows to be a safe propor ion. That there might be no interference with the banking business of the Bank, in accordance with the principle that in banking" there cannot be too unlimited and unrestricted a competition," it was divided into two departments—the issue department and the banking department, " with sepa rate officers and separate accounts." To the issue depart ment all the bullion in the Bank on the 6th of May, 1844, was removed ; and it is this department alone that was placed under the care of government, and guarded against insolvency in the way we have stated. So here we have the old Bank cruelly cut into two helm, quite independent of one another, one half carefully watched and protected by the government, the other half free as the wind, free to do anything, free, if it will, to go to destruc tion,—as indeed it very nearly did, on the 23rd of October last, when the banking department was in that condition that a few of its respectable depositors could have broken it. True, there was 8,000,0002. of gold in the issue department; but that could not be touched, being all represented by notes in circulation. Ye., by the act of 1844, the banking de partment might fail with 8,000,0001. of gold in theissue department. Now, bad Sir Robert Peel been in power on the 23rd October, he dare not have refused to the respectable depositors that the banking department should, in case of necessity, be allowed to meet their demands with the gold in the issue department, which is, in fact, what the government actually consented to. What would have become of the Issue department after the stoppage of the banking department ? What, indeed ! What would have been the value of the 14,000,0001. of govern ment securities, upon which two. thirds of its circulation is based ? No ! whenever the banking department is in danger the issue department must come to its aid, or tall with it ; however they may be separated in their lives, in death they cannot be divided. Sir Hudibras considered himself folly equipped with one spur, for the reason, he said, that if one side of the horse went on, the other would not lag behind. Sir Robert mast, we should think, be by this time as wise as Sir Hadibras, and have made the discovery that the two departments of the Bank he has been trying to separate are, in point of fact, two sides of the same horse.. _ _ If the issue department is to remain under government restriction, it is evident that the banking department cannot be safely left unrestricted. If this be done—and was not this done when the government prescribed the rate of dis count ?—there will be an end of "unlimitedsad unrestricted competition" in banking. And yet this must be done, or the interference with the issue department will be ineffectual. It is evident that there is an error somewhere in the rela tions of the government with the Bank of England.— Netocastie Guardian. BRITISH COLONEBS.—No. I. The relations of our colonies to the central empire are considerably affected by their local position, mid the social character impressed upon each from the circumstanoes of their first establishment and subsequent progress. The system of government which is beet adapted to a colony within twelve or thirteen days' sail of our shores would seem to require some modification when applied to colonies at the antipodes. The character of a tropical society must of us °minty differ in many respects train that of a society situated towards the northern verge of oar temperate none, eyes vim albs, us eayaasd of the rase race. Much greeter mud be oe in the MS of colonies ampired balayeed. is which a hogs proportion et the inhaiiimmi gds. from 'nether Mink, and retain more or les et dee ledivriv, laws, and customs of their emeeden. Oviedo is - fa the Asthma rases have entirely ihregeared us wiry did iready eireemeimeed from throe la eddek aro Wit the mejerity. The widely (lif- tmen eingdMi me et peer—ea ind ma die differing web= at lade (eddies den the neeeelliire si dinet• and the same), de hodto tiresity the isles in whisk cu r 1:40111111 dead to ter. Ali there seesidatitime resesisead the &WM; at our missies %Is gaps la ter Wisp to . , . • present a remote of the statist whole to our readers First in order, as comprehe still united to th e mother count the West India group. TI plantations, and the aimilari occasioned a general ides transacting business, and the ume section of the great country. Hence has arisen a c whick pervades the whole. Y differences may be detected eve badoes, the seat of the general I Islands of the Caribbee group, 'eminent for the Leeward gnu Indian settlements ; and, maki the labouring clam being negro lish. Eves among the islands for example, in Dominica, and remains of ! French email einstitution of society. J: Is the next of these sett] and equally English with Trinidad, on the other hand, 1 the present century by eonq power., are still characterised founders. There are also than the old English colonies and tb fleeing in the circumstance that subdued to the purposes of ma racteristice of old settled coon possessing the latter have as ye: amid the immense forests wh straggling inhabitants of the se jetted to different influences frc continuous tracts of land, like J a while those of the Caribbee in this respect an intermediate Jamaica, almost on the extre tropics, presents climatic ditri under the Equator. Lastly, in possession of which it may be yet to be begun. The West India plantations original colonies of which the by the American war of indept British Nurth America are of t or formed since that event, government of which we can ti spired lees by the experience humiliating loss of the Unite of our North American ered as colonial. A large abandoned as a hunting Bay Company (in which the IC lowed up), which with zealous far as possible, uninitiated eyes British Oregon is not yet ems sing incubus. The eastern part exception of the ear ern townsh is the nucleus of settlement in • New Brunswick, and Prince annexed a few years surlier to recent settlements, end sewn] part of Canada, separated fora moiety, and still more recent), vinoes already mentioned, is aL foundland has emerged compare the condition of a mere fishin than governed) as if it were a a nies there is little other differen climate and natural production found to exist between the seat extensive country. Buck India guish the one from the other semblance, are mainly attribut The French Canadians differ to low citizens of British race. B loyalists from the United Stan the seaboard colonies, to whi from the mother country have small degree. In Canada more closely mother country proportionately large amount of sad navy among the settlers E habits eaperinduced by the lc America differ in a marked mar cal West Indies ; the coalmen the annual winter interruption alternation of wet and dry seas( tinction between the population the northern one, where perm more meted senee of personal southern; while on the contrary settlements are in politics char to the republican sentiment' of the circumstances under which bas communicated to them sentiment. The third group is distinguist as much by social peculiarities nucleus of Australian settlemen tie date of its first occupation, dation of tLe colony in Van Diet • comparatively recent period tt settlements consisted of convict 1812 great numbers of free se the rapid feetunes acquired t/ country possessed of a soil and that pursuit, with the further ec under the designation of assigns settlers—of whom the wealthier formed a larger proportion with any English colonies, excel land—bas convertra I.l,aviet small minonty, which, in so far of society is concerned, may nee in Van Diemen's Land to the boning communities, and the is less colony. The large admixtu. Australian settlements—the free their remoteness from European mate and their peculiar pursuit character on society there which greatuess. These settlements, i than the two senior groups protective policy. In the Sydney convict slaves are no. some traces of their moral it to remain for some time in the t Diemen's Land, as has been sari gaol or penitentiary. Port Phi sot colony) has had comparati mixture • in Southern and Watt' it has b een unknown, except runaways. Port Phillip is a and Van Diemen's Land. Lars mother-country have been throv *Western Australia and New timed settlement had previously Wales, and acceuions to thc pop that quarter. The rapid prom been in no small degree owing t stock coming to the vicinity of : Diemen's Land, both rich in I Western Australia begins to quickly since, through the int Australia, it can more easily of settlement'. The Cape of Good Hope will colonial group. The semi-Du proper is as distinct in character in Albany and the adjoining die of the Cape, or the canny Scotel , emigrant Boen at Natal. The strongly impressed by features As in Canada, we have two inc Buropean races combined, no West Indies we have the 1 ;eget of regarding one race as mare( nature. And the climate mid I invite to the same industrial pin lien continent, tending to the d( character. Our group of colonies in the in ita infancy. Indeed, with t Malacca (both of inferior import trading stations thee celoniea Indies, their products her unlike. They also differ (rot in never having been subje personal slavery, and in bringiu race into close contact with a t tion, an element only found Guiana and Honduras of the The Strait& settlements are pee far as they are governed by th the West India company. But of these colonies will originate principles of free trade from the long war against piracy, of wh the seats. There remain only the is tine, Ceylon, Bermuda, and the plate this review of our colonial we have occupied and hold I it. St. Helena, Ascension, Ho ranean dependencies are gars colonies. It is our purpose, in the ante to present our readers with as e as we caa of the resources and moral characteristics, of each c Even the present outline shine interest the subject pomesen—h of the ruler of this colonial as IREL. INTRODUCTION OF 'll The privy council sat to-4 lin, the Lord-Lieutenant p clamation bringing the Coo operation in the disturbei unanimously. The followit were present, in addition tc Liam Somerville, Bart, Sir Chief Justice of the Quo Moore (late Irish Attorney- Baron I..efroy, Judge Ball, the Prerogative Court), the General (Mr. Monahan), fort, the Marquis of I curry, Sir Thomas Ewa Iced Clarendon has not patikkg forward the vower ram of ultra, gi N. Lug it