The Express. — London, England, 1853-12-06 00:00:00

gilt erintoo. TO CORRESPONDENTS. A m ut . •Tar ijepreT.,: e ., taL was •VPIiIIO peel.' .9 pub: agd every Tuesday friday alitst, ti Of aebveetl ewe . , la , inveled for " The Itsprees," LOlldoo Erma, paper, sot be ta tae like, 10, kaauvertaelreet, by Tee Valet ea Me day fal publicaion. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. TN , . DAT — *MCWSIMis 'b. Mae Afternoon. (b. Po. To•ruasew —Noma'. Att. 31e.... Afternoon, tla. LONDON, TUESDAY, DECEMBER G. t TREAMAT organ has just added its weakly note to the "childish trebles" of those who would fain sing a lusty chorus against a llows.hdc Reform. When Peaelaunt and Loait embrace, and with an affec tionate feeling of fraternity confess that they have both been in the wrong, the public know that the time has come for a general buttoning-up of pockets;—so when the various parties, whose magnetic pole is Downing street, all coincide in one plan of action, the nation had better look out for someth;ng sharp nod unpleasant. There are few subjects on which place-hunters and placemen agree, but when they do agree—then, as Puff says, " their unanimity is wonderful." Such an unanimity is observable in the proceedings of a number of c:iques representing various interests in general, but having one object common to all,—oppo salon to an extension of the suffrage. They have all seemingly united in a solemn determination to have only such a measure of Reform as shall doss little as possible, and do some of that little wrong. Against anything real they have formed themselves into an union, with Mrs. Omni) as President. The Treasury organ is a new member of the set, and as such feels bound to say something smart and pr3found. The writer on Reform, in its columns, evidently thinks himself the representative of an influential bxly, and that all is lost if he is not impressive. So he begins by telling us that " Ministers of • free and popular government may reasonably enough take two distinct views of their functions and their duty. They may either decide what nagAt, in their opinion, to be done —and do it ; or they may inquire not what they wish, but what the nation ?tilts." It would at first sight appear that there is here a distinction without a difference, and that there was no need to confuse a very simple question by investing it in a cloud of words, of which we have merely made selection of apm Lion. What the nation wills is what a Minister o:syr.l to du, and what he must do. If he cannot do it he must do what all honest Ministers have done, he must resign his poet. If he has sufficient eloquence or influence to act upon the national will in cases where he finds himself in opposition to it, let him do ea. Sir Rot ERT PEEL did not ask himself, but the nation, what was to be done in the two cases of the Emancipation of Catholics and of Corn. He took counsel of the national will, and he saw clearly that the line of his duty coincided with the expression of that will. This is so simple that it really lies at the founda tion of all constitutional representative government. What does representation mean if it does not mean an instrument, however imperfect, to reflect the features of the national will ? Why is a Re form in Parliament desirable, but because ender its present form the national will is sot fairly represented ? What, then, eau be the reason of the above pretended liberty of choice given to a Ministry, of either acting on their own opinion or on that of the nation ? Simply to afford some of the Ministry who are known to entertain views adverse to the extension of the suffrage, the opportunity of an easy fall, by pointing out, should they ever think it politic to change their views, that of two modes of doing your duty—eatieg upon your own opinion or that of somebody else—they had elected to take the latter, and also to enable the writer to supply the Ministry with a few specious arguments to enable them to defend their own posi sition while pretending to bow to the decision of the nation. The latter part of the plan is endeavoured to be effected, by pointing out that although there is a cry for Reform, it is much more anbdaed than for ntaly, and does not mean the same thing. Ministers are warned that "The wishes, shibboleths, and banners of ten years ago are not those of to-day. The old formulas may still be used, but they have lost their spirit and their reeenieg. The old creeds are still pranged, but people no longer believe is them The extension of the suffrage is still de sired, but we have learned to distinguish between a lo , rering and an ertensinn.. . The radical reformers were in the ascendant formerly ; the philosophical and conservative reformers are in the ascendant now. Pros trade has robbed parliamentary reform of half its attractions." These sage remarks being put into plain English mean just this. The writer says to the reluctant minister, " I know your opinion is against a due extension of the suffrage. You may brag about acting upon your own opinions, bat you know that is nonsense. You may, however, pretend to say that you believe the opinion of the country is coincident with your own. You know the country want Reform, but you may say you were told that Reform now does not mean what it meant formerly. You may say that you had been led to believe that Reform meant Free grade, or at least that Free Truds was as good as half of a Reform is Parliament any day in the week, and thus you will plead a good justifloation for brawls' in a half-and-half' measure. If this will not do, you have the mistake to fall back upon. Say you were ill advised, take credit for what you were going to give, and save your places, by going the ' entire animal' the next time." If the Ministers act upon this advice they will , assuredly suffer shipwreck. If they think that the claims of the unrepresented townspeople to the suffrage may be disregarded because they have as yet heard of little agitation in favour of such claims, they are not only wrong as to the fact itself in a certain degree, but as to the expla nation of the fact. The nation is not yet in a state of agitation on the subject of Reform because it has been promised Reform, and waits calmly the accom plishment of the promise. It has a Ministry at the head of affairs which is pledged to Reform. If it has not indicated decisively the peculiar way in which that Reform is to be carried out, it is because all preceding reforms have involved the true reform principle. If the people admire Free Trade, they do not admire it the less because Reform in Parlia ment gave it to them. They know well that a House of Landlords would never willingly have granted the measure which was passed in a partially Re formed House of Commons. And because Reform has done so much, they believe that a more perfect Reform will do more. They do not intend to throw away the instrument by which they have achieved so much. They know, as all the world knows, that because the intelligence of the towns was represented more distinctly in the reformed than in the unre formed Parliament, the course of the legislation of the last few years has been in favour of the develop ment of the great principles of personal and com mercial freedom. And it is not true that they are silent on the subject. Tweaty-tive thou sand men at Staleybridge are not repre sented, and the, write to the Prime Minister to " know the reason why." They insist upon the commercial greatness and intelligence of the town as conclusive ground for the support of their claim. They point confidently to the fact that there are 4,12 t; houses in the town rated at 51. and upwards ;1 that it possesses a steam and water-power equal to that of 3,000 horses, contains houses and other buildings worth about 1,900,0001., pays a rental of not less than 93,0001. per annum. They show that there are in the town five churches, two chapels, and places of worship, to nearly all of which are attached day and evening schools, and several of the schools have libraries and reading rooms connected therewith. The town contains also an excellent mechanics' insitution. The Staleybridge savinp bank had in November, 1832, the sum of 61,2711. 3s. 11 id. deposited in the name of 1,924 depositors. The assertion of these facts in support of a claim to a share in the representation is a sufficient proof that the feeling of a necessary reform has not died out in the minds of the people. It proves more: it proves that this feeling is con nected with a clear perception of the way in which that reform is to be worked out ; and that we need not fesr that the people will submit to any other measure of reform than one which shall take as one of its leading principles that of the affranchisement of householders in towns. If the supporters of the Minis try succeed in closing the eyes of the concoctors of the new bill to this fact, they will find out their mistake when it is too late, and their friends will have to re trace their steps amidst the indignation of a disap pointed people. LATEST FROM ABROAD. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. The most recent letters from Kaliach state that two battering trains have been sent from Poland to the Principalities with small escorts, but of tho second infantry corps now in Poland not one regiment hu left the kingdom. Great activity reigns in the garrisons, and contracts for stores and provisions for this and that regiment are daily advertised in the public prints. General Uschakoff, director of Marshal Paskiewitch's chancery, has been sent on special mission to Bucharest. Seventy-two Wallachian peasants have been sent prisoners to the Russian headquarters at Mazurelli, charged with hating worked at the Turkish en trenchments at Oltenitza. VIENNA, Dic. 4. The RUSSWIS are not so strong at Krajowa as wu reported. They do not venture near Kalatat, and only send ont small parties to skirmish. Yesterday this Bourse showed a tendency to im prove. Five per Cents. Metallies, 931. Exchange on London, 11.18. Bank shares, 1,335. BRUSSELS, MONDAY. Private letters from Vienna assert in the most positive terms that the Austrian government is making preparations for interfering, in an open and active manner, in the affairs of Servia, the Prince of which, at the instigation of both Russia and Austria, has virtually renounced his allegiance to the Sultan. SWEDEN. The text of King Oscar's speech is more energetic than the German version of it which has been pub lished. The passage relating to the defence of the country the King says : " Called by my duty as a King and by the present state of Europe, I will order to be laid before you an estimate of the needs of the army, and of that which is necessary to assure the independence of Sweden. Every sincere patriot must take snob an interest to heart. A King of Sweden never appeals in vain to Swedes when the honour of the country is in question. You, I am sure, will act like worthy sons of a nation whose heroism and patriotic devotion are inscribed in ineffaceable lines in the most glorious annals of history." GERMANY. BERLIN, Du. 3. The Banic Gazette, published at Stettin, has received a warning, for publishing a report of the recent minting at Glasgow on the subject of Turkey, FREIBURG, Nov. 28. The government his suspended its late order, and notified to the Jesuits that they may remain in the state. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. A letter from Bucharest of the 22nd says that it was rumoured in the town that 300 darobanz (Wal 'milieu gendarmes), who had been sent by the Rus sia* General Fichbach against the Turks, had passed over to the enemy. The mine letter announces that a melanges of the Consulate General of England had been arrested at Ibraila by the Russians, and that Mr. Colquhoun had energetically protested; and another letter dated the 24th announces that on the pressing demand of Mr. Cunningham, English vice consul at broils, he had been set at liberty. The Proses of Vienna of the Ist states that a courier hes been sent to M. de Bruck, the Austrian Internancio at Constantinople, with despatches re lating to the dispute which has arisen between the Divan and the Principality of Service. It adds that a difference of opinion on that subject exists between M. de Brack and the ministers of the Sublime Porte, the latter having refused to admit the right of Berrie to ramie neutral, and even insisting upon her aiding Turkey with troops , while M. de Brook is said to have declared to IWehid Pasha that his government entirely approved of Prince Alexander's rum of con duct ; and to have eadeevoured to dissuade the Porte from coercive measures against Sonia. Resohid Naha, according to the same papers, is said to have replied that it was Turkey's firm intention to force Servia to give up her neutrality, and that orders had already been issued to that effect. The Austrian papers announce that General Osten Sacken's corps had reached the Pruth, but our pre vious information allows us to believe that this time the announcement is as untrue as ever. Tho same journals speak of collations numbers of Russians who are sweeping down upon Turkey, but the English public by this time know how to judge of such stories. No Greek troops, except the reserves, had entered the Principalities at the latest dates. The Russians were at Blurry° on the 28th, in considerable numbers. The bridge which bad been thrown over to the island of Moksw had been pro tected by a tete de pent. The Turks had been equally active at Rustchnk, and were quite prepared for any attempt to force a passage. It is stated that Prince Woronzow, Commander in-Chief of the army of the Caucasus, is seriously ill at Tiflis. His embarrassed position is believed to have been the exciting cause. The army of the Caucasus has been allowed to fall far below its reputed strength; es soon as its strength is put to the proof, the truth is discovered, reinforcements are sent for, but cannot arrive for a considerable time, if at all. Schamyl was threatening a descent upon the capital of Georgia itself. It was announced at Bucharest on the 29th ult., that thirty or forty officers of the Imperial Russian Guard had been despatched to the principalities, to '; be distributed among the different regiments. The Vienna news-sheet called the Franden Blatt learns from Bucharest Mat the whole of the cavalry and the first infantry regiment of the Wallachian militia has been placed at the disposal of General Leclerc The officers were given to understand that those who disobeyed Prince Gortschakoffs com mands would be brought before seurt-martial. Baron Badberg, the newly appointed Russian Governor of the two provinces, was expected at Bucharest on the 30th of November, and General Henske, commander of the Wallachian Militia, has been sent to Fokschany, in Moldavia, to receive him. It is not expected that the vanguard of Gene ral Osten-Sacken can reach the Pruth until the 10th or lath of this month. The above-mentioned paper learns "from the Danube," that the Turkish I toroes are thus distributed :—ls Kalafat-Widdin and l the neighbourhood, 50,000 men, 6,000 of whom are malty, and 2,000 artillerymen. The number of guns is given at 250, but this, u well as the number of mea, is evidently exaggerated. At Hallows are, 3,000 irregulars and 2,000 regulars ; at Nicopolia, l 10,000 men; at Bistow, 8,000; m and around Rust. chuk, 20,000; in and near Bilistria, 15,000; at Ras soya, 11,000; at Hirsova, and lower down the Da nube, 14,000. This would make a total of 135,000 men. The Russian troops are said to be placed thus : at Braila 10,000 men, 2,000 Wallachians, and 6 satnia of Cossacks; at Galatz, 8,000; opposite Lott schi, 6,000; from Braila down to Oltenitza, 27,800; at Giurgevo, 8,000; between Giurgevo and Oltenitsa, 13,000; above Turns, "where a short time since a rather important affair took place," 10,000 ; in Kara kul, 6,000; and in Kralove, 8,000. This, without the Cossacks, would be 94,800 men, but even with the reinforcements, the Russian force of able-bodied _ . men in the Principalities cannot exceed 70,000. No answer has as yet been received from Russia to the English and French proposition for the settle ment of the Turkish quarrel by a conference of Eu ropean powers,. nor is it expected that such will arrive before the expiration of 10 days or a fortnight. It is understood that Austria has signified her assent to the adoption of such an expedient. The Russian organ, the Journal de Frankfort, is of opinion that the endeavours of France and England to move Russia to yield will not be attended with success. The Vienna Frenaden Blatt reports that the Mon tenegrins have shot a person at Cettioje on the pre tence that he was a Turkish spy. This report has some credibility, by the addition of another state. meat, namely, that the Paths of Scutari bad inter ceded in the victim's favour. The same journal states that Prince Alexander of Servis is entering into alliance with Montenegro—a fact respecting which better evidence is exceedingly desirable. The Servian Prince maintained a prudent neutrality during the late Montenegrin war, and the alliance of Daniel Petrowitch and his highlanders would now do him much more harm than good. An English military officer now at the Danube sketches the character of the Turkish soldiery some what in the following manner : They are rough, but ready, and therefore good soldiers. When they march to fight it is with a hearty good will, and they make the beet use of their weapons. The celerity with which they throw up batteries, parapets, and other works, is very remarkable. Each man works with spirit. Their clothing is coarse, bat serviceable; the blanket, great coat, and hood being a garment that in some respects might be copied by the Enilish army with advantage. The firelocks are mostly flint, but in good order, and superior in appearance , to the Russian, which have been altered from flint to percussion. The Turkish officers say that the men are in a totally different position from what they were 1 during the last war; that they are now well or ganised, armed, and drilled ; and have a chief at their head who was a man of universally recog nised talent, and in whom they placed the most implicit confidence. However, the writer thinks that the Turks will still fight best behind entrench ments, because the officers have not the science, nor the authority which belongs to the enemy, and the regiments have not a nucleus of good soldiers who have seen service to give them steadiness. This, however, is but a speculative opinion, and was written a fortnight before the last reported affair at Mokan, when the Russian infantry had to be forced into the fire. VIENNA, Dsc. 2. The Egyptian steamer taken by the Russian war steamer Vladimir was the Bervas Bachri, of only 10 guns. A most obstinate combat preceded the cap ture. Prince Gortschakoff returned to Bucharest on the 27th alt. FRANCE. PARIS, SUNDAY ETBSINO. Lyons—the French Manchester as it has often been called—is eagerly copying our English model in other features besides the nature and the success of its industry. Long before the very name of Free Trade had obtained a patient hearing among other industrial circles in their country, the Lyonnais adopted and realised in a practical shape the philo sophical maxim of Bastiat and Chevalier. They obtained, despite of the outcry from the silkworm breeders of the South, the privilege of free imports for the raw material used in their own factories; and, disregarding many apprehensions entertained by their fellow-citizens, conceded also the perfect free dom of exportation to that material at all stages of its manufacture. The result has amply justified the courageous wisdom of this policy . The silk pro ducers of Provence flourish as well as ever ; the silk market at Lyons, free and safe for all incomings and outgoings, is always abundantly supplied ; and the sale of the manufactured tissue, both at home and among foreigners, has become rapidly enhanced. The change in the tariff which produced these happy consequences was finally decreed on the 18th of August, 1862. Since then the citizens of Lyons have laboured earnestly to extend the same principle over other branches of industry. Appealing to their own success as the test of its soundness, they have enforced upon the Goverment the policy of reduction in presents!, with the view of abolition in future, as regards all the chief items in the schedules of prohibited or pro tected articles. During the pest month the Cham ber of Commerce in that City has been busily prosecuting its discussions towards this great object, of which the resulting series of resolutions has just transpired. The document is eminently! gratifi l z Considering the inchoate state of the Free question in France, this manifesto of the Lyons com mercialists will bear no disparaging comparison with the earlier programmes of our own Anti-Corn Law League. The following are the propositions which the Lyons Chamber has adopted in the most formal manner: that all prohibitions—which it a pro priately calls " industrial excommunications" be effaced from the code, and replaced by duties largely protective at first, but always lower than the premium on smuggling. That the law relating to cereals should be revised in the interest of theconsunter as well es of the p roducer . That the decree of Dec. 16 last year, permitting the import of live cattle and salt meat, should be declared permanent. That all the duties imposed upon raw materials, in which term are included all articles employed in manufac turing processes, should be either abolished or largely reduced. That cotton wool and yarn should be admitted duty free. That the prohibition against the importation of spun cotton of lower numbers than No. 143 should be withdrawn, and a duty less than the smuggler's profit be substituted fer it. That the duties on higher numbers be reduced. That the duties on iron and iron manufactures be remodelled according to the tariff existing under the first Empire. Finally, that coal and coke be at once admitted to free im port whether by sea or land carriage. Here is a remission-list of excellent promise as a step towards that liberal policy, the signs of whose advent we have had lately more than one occasion to remark. Nor is the promise less assuring be cause, as will be seen upon examination, the changes immediately proposed are of a character so cautious and tentative. Commercial systems are not to be built up in a night. We should fear for the stability of any policy, however sound its principle, which was constructed in haste, without regard to the pri vate interests that were sacrificed, or time to con solidate its own foundations. It is also to be remembered that the assembly whom opinions are embodied in the above programme passes a Foca liar organisation. Unlike our gEn political meetings, whose influence depends upon the aggrega tion of numbers, and the individual consequence of the assistants, the French Chambers of Commerce occupy no mean rank among the constituted authori ties of the country . They form parts of the great sys tem of centralism:or:which spans the w hole empire and binds every limb and section to the metropolitan Government. Wielding this delegated authority— speaking on many occasions as the mouthpiece, and on others as the confidential advisers of the Govern ment, their proceedings are at once more important and more responsible; their utterance Das the I greater weight, and must, therefore, be pronounced with greater caution. This very Chamber of Com merce at Lyons wrested the silk duties out of the grasp of extensive local interests by their perseve rance and weight of character. There are few objects of a similar nature which the members could not equally accomplish if they set about it in earliest. PARIS, MONDAY EVENING. The Russian party circulated a report last week that Narvik-Pic as mission to contract a loan for Turkey had completely failed, and that the Ottoman Minister of Commerce was about to return to Con stantinople, being too disheartened by the reception he had met with here, to try his fortune in London. It was added, as a proof of the barbarous ignorance of Turkey in financial matters, that Namik-Pacha had no conception of any other mode of raising money than opening a credit with a French banker to draw within a limited amount such funds u might be wanted, and that he did not contemplate negotiable paper. There is no truth whatever in this story, although it has been repeated with some appearance of authority in England. The Turkish Envoy is still actively en in negotiations for his loan, and I have no L a i l itt he will succeed in effecting it. The misun derstanding about the last loan will of course render capitalists cautious. But it will not be difficult to satisfy them that no similar mishap shall occur again. There was nothing in the circumstances attending the non-confirmation of that loan to throw any discredit upon the resources of Turkey. It is admitted that she honestly returned the money advanced upon the faith of a mistaken construction of her powers by her own ambassador, together with a very handsome compensation for the disappointment, and if any parties were ultimately losers, it is because, on account of the excellent credit of Turkey, the loan would have realised a very good premium. Events have occurred since that time, which must not only have convinced the Sultan of the necessity of ex panding the national credit, but also render it easy for him to overcome the prejudices which stood opposed to this expansion. It is probable, how ' ever, that European capitalists will, under the circum stances, require some tangible security for the loan. It has been assumed that because the revenues of Egypt are mortgaged, there is no other security to offer. But Turkey has other permanent sources of revenue, and among them excellent copper mines, and she might easily pay good instalments by a per centage for a certain number of years upon the cus toms of Constantinople and Smyrna. Capitalists in Paris are at this moment seriously considering pro positions made to them by Narvik Pasha, and al though, as I have already stated, the French govern ment is indisposed to become security, it will favour the Turkish loan by all the means in its power. Namik-Pacha was yesterday presented to the Em peror by Vely-Pacha, the Turkish Ambassador. M. de Lacour, who had landed at the Piraeus, is said to have arrived at Trieste on his way to Paris. The Bourse was very firm in consequence of a tele graphic announcement that Consols had risen per cent. The Threes fluctuated but very little and closed Sc. higher than on Saturday. There was but a alight variation in the railway quotations, but most of the lines left off rather higher. A correspondence from Constantinople in the Prase states that one of the prisoners brought to Constantinople from the wreck of the Foudroyant, was an army surgeon, by birth a Pole, and according to his admission the Russian force in the district of Kutayaka, commanded by Colonel Korahasof, amounted only to 3,000 regular troops and 2,000 irregulars. It had been learnt from another source that the defences of Fort Redout Kale were deplo rable, and that along the whole boundary line be tween Circessia and the Turkish territory scarcely any place but Poti was well fortified and furnished with sufficient batteries. Usurghet, the point towards which Selim Pacha's operations are directed, is an entrenched camp. The troops there are principally Armenian Christians, and very poor soldiers. It is a singular fact, that the Asiatic Mussulmans in the Russian army are esteemed to be the best fighting men among them, and it was precisely these troops that made the best defence at fort Saint Nicholas, otherwise called Chefkatel. The governor of Souboum Kale is Rear-Admiral Cerebriakoff. He it was that sent the ships of war that attempted to protest Chefkatel. The Foudroyant was part of this squadron. Several of the Russian prisoners were delighted and astonished to find Turkish officers speaking their language, and many of them have volunteered to join the Cossack corps recently created. This correspondence says the entire Turkish fleet has entered the Black Sea, and that three Eng lish and three French steamers had followed them. The latter statement, however, must be incorrect; for these letters, which have been delayed, are dated Nov. 17, and we are in possess i on of news of later date, according to which the whole of the combined fleets were in the Bosphorus. Letters from the Danube of the 20th state that Omer Pacha, with a view to the health of his troops, had raised the camps which had been formed on the banks of the river, and had removed them into can tonments in different towns. He had organised posts of observation to watch the enemy's move meats. It was reported in the Turkish camp that an exchange of prisoners having been talked of, the Russia, prisoners had obtained an interview with Omer Pasha to beg him to keep them"' they could see his soldiers were much better treated than the Russian troop. It is added that Omer Pacha com plied with their request, and has incorporated thorn in the Turkish Christian regiments now forming. Thirteen members of a secret society, called the &slate Democratique Dijoanaise, whose arrest I have already alluded to, have just been tried at Dijon. They were exceedingly youthful, the president of the society, being only 28, and the ages of the other prisoners varying from 13 to 18. They were all found guilty and sentenced to terms of imprisonment vary ing from six months to three years, with fines of from 100 fr. to 200 fr. with privation of civil rights. THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 6, 1853. SPAIN. Daring the sitting of the Chamber of Deputies on the 29th the Minister of Finance read the Budget for the year 1864. A demand for authority to con tinue to levy the taxes pending the vote on the Bridget. A plan for regulating the floating debt. Various demands of extraordinary credits. A list of all the decrees issued during the parliamentary vaca tion. The members then withdrew to their COIII• mittee-roosis to appoint a commission to consider the demands of the Minister of Finance. At the close of the sitting of the Senate on the previous day the report of the majority of the Com mission was read on the official communication of the Government relative to railways. The conclu sions were favourable to the former project submitted to the Senate, is preference to that presented by the Ministry. SOUTH AMERICA. The Aspinwall Courier rays:—" We are in re ceipt of papers from Valparaiso to duo 16th, and of private &deices from various points on the coast. Very little business was doing at Valparaiso, and the market was still glutted, aad freight about as at oar last advice,. " Peru and Bolivia were still hors 4. combat, though there ►ave been no collisions. Sig. Elias, the late aspirant for, the presidency, who had escaped from Pert at last aoccunts,:attempted to induce a rise at Tanabe. in favour of Flores, but was defeated. He however escaped. His nephew was under confinement at Callao on a Peruvian war steamer. The guano committee bad reported 26,000,000 tons as the quantity now at the Chinches. "The rumours we have heretofore published, to the effect that Brazil was endeavouring to exclude foreigners from the Amazon, are confirmed by the last news. She has sent ministers for the purpose of treating with said govern ment (to monopolise the entire trade of the Amason) to New Granada, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Peru. She will not succeed. New Granada cannot, and Pont will not, become a party to each a movement." Tut HULL STEAMSHIP, MARSHALL.—No doubts whatever are now entertained as to the fate of the Marshall. A number of fishing boats which have arrived at Grimsby report having seen the smith's& of the Marshall above low water mark near Kilos Sea, about five miles from the New sand Float, and as near as can be guessed in very close proximity to the place where t►e collision with the Wood-house occurred. On Saturday a number of scientific men went in the Duncannon steamboat, and they were (weather permitting) on Monday to survey the scene of the wreck, with a view to its being weighed, if possible. EGGS AND POTATOES.—Immense quantities of eggs are now imported into this country from Spain, and potatoes from Portugal. Englishmen live in Portugal now specially to cultivate and export potatoes from that country. It only requires security for life and property and railroads in those two countries for English capital and esterpries to be at to work to develop the inexhaustible riches of those fertile countries. AMERICA. -4.- (DT ILICTRIC TELEGRAPH ) (PROM OCR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) ARRIVAL OF THE AMERICA. LIVERPOOL, MONDAY. About five o'clock this afternoon the Royal Mail steam-ship America, Capt. Lang, entered the Mersey with the usual mails from the United States and British North America. The America sailed from Boston on the 23rd, and Halifax on the 23th ult., and has brought, besides the mails, about 63 plasen gers, and 430,000 dole. in specie on freight. The Royal Mail steam-ship Arabia, from hence on the 6th, arrived at New York early on the 11 - th ult. The Royal Mail steam-ship Canada, from hence on the 12th for Halifax and Boston, was passed by the America between these two ports. I'o the news by the last steamer of the arrival at New York from England and the continent of emi grant ships with numerous deaths from cholera, we have now to add that other vessels have subsequently reached that port from England the mortality on board of which has been frightful. Two extensive conflagrations had taken place at New York, by which property to the value of six hundred thousand dollars has been destroyed. Business generally at New York had continued to improve, and was decidedly brisk. The improved feeling in the money market had increased, and money was much easier. Stocks also had exhi bited much the same improvement, and prices were advancing. The market for breadstuffs maintained pretty nearly the same character as last reported. The business done was but moderate, and prices showed weakness. The cotton market was steady, and a good deal of firmness was shown in the transactions, holders being encouraged by the small receipts at the cotton port'. The provision market continued to wear a dull aspect, and sales could only be effected at a still fur ther, but slight decline. Freights were much the same. To London they were quoted at, for tobacco, per hhd., 605.; flour, per brl., 4s. 9d. to 55.; grain, per bushel, 151 d. t o el. ; beef, per tierce, Bs. to Bs. 6d. To Liverpool, cotton, 7-32 d. to Id.; flour, per brL, 31. 64.; grain, per bushel, 121 d. to 13d. Exchange on London was quoted at 1093 to 1091 ; • Paris, 5.11! to 3.15. THE CUBAN SLAVE TRADE. HAVANNAH, Nov. 10. In my last I gave a plain delineation of the results that will follow the adoption of the apprentice system for Cuba, with the unrestricted privilege of introducing Africans, who will have to be hunted, confined, defrauded, cajoled, and purchased in the same way as slaves, with a proportionate increase of destruction of human life in procuring them. Since my lut we have partial information of the landing of four cargoes of negroes—one at the Isle of Pines, and one at Batamanao. The tw o cargoes consist of about 480 negroes. At the Rio del Pinao a third cargo, said to be 400, has been landed. The last and most important cargo, comprising 600 or 660 Africans, was entered near Cardenas. Ibis entry was conducted with great secresy on the part of those interested in the property, and those initiated by their interest in the success of the enter prise for which they were paid in advance. Bad as this species of introduction may be, it is but a faint shadow of that which is in preparation. The evil of slavery admits of ultimate eradication and of immediate amelioration, in the course of policy which you have frequently pointed out; but with the new system, that will be impracticable. You will be powerless against the aggregate of crime that will wait upon the apprentice system as it is now proposed, and which will probably become the published law of the land by about the Ist of the coming year. The plan is in no way acceptable to the people, for they believe that it will lead to the introduction of negroes far beyond the agricultural and industrial acquirements of the community, and to an excess of coloured population, within a period of tea years, that will be dangerous to the safety of the whites. That it will have the immediate effect of reducing the value of all real estate and of labour in the various mechanical branches of our industry is of no consequence: but it is of consequence, in the estimation of human life, that the importation should be limited to the wants of our business, so as to avoid the evils that follow the want of employment—star vation or crime—for the saite of bare existence. H. B. M. screw propeller sloop of war Brisk, Commander Simmons, left on the morning of the Bth for the south side—tbe offing of St Jago de Cuba —to look for an Austrian slave barque expected in that vicinity with a large cargo of negroes. One due at Bahia, Rondo, or Cabanas, has not yet arrived. Two or three of our Snish vessels of war have gone to sea, it is stated for Vera Cruz. The health of Havannah is perfectly good, and the cholera, which has taken off 18,000 negroes, has disappeared. We still get the Daily NM!, although it is treason against Canedo to read it since his royal edict against its introduction. ARSENIC EATING. Is some parts of Lower Austria and Styria, and especially in the hilly region towards Hungary, there pre vails among the peasantry an extraordinary custom of eat ing arum. It is eaten professedly for one or both of two purposes : First, That the eater may thereby acquire freshness of com plexion and plumpness of figure. For this purpose, as will readily be supposed, it is chiefly eaten by the young. Second, That the wind may be improved, so that long and steep heights may be climbed without difficulty of breath in. By the middle-aged sad the old it is esteemed for this inluence, and both results are described es following almost invariably from the use of arsenic. To improve their appearance, young peasants, of both sone, have recourse to it, some no doubt from vanity, and some with the view of adding to their charms in the eyes of each other. And it is very remarkable to see how wonder fully well they attain their object ; for these young poison eaters are generally remarkable for blooming complexions, and a full, rounded, healthy appearance. Dr. Von Tschudi gives the following cue as having occurred in his own prac tice : A healthy but pale and thin milkmaid, residing in the parish of H—, had • lover whom she wished to at tach to herself by a more agreeable exterior. She therefore bad recourse to the well-known beautifier, and took arsenic several times a-week. The desired effect was not long in showing itself, for in • few months she became stout, rosy chested, and all that her lover could desire. In order, however, to increase the effect, she incautiously increased the dose of anionic, and fell a victim to her vanity. Rho died poisoned—a very painful death !" The number of such fatal cane, especially among young persons, is des cribed as by no mesas inconsiderable. For the second purpose—that of rendering the breathing easier when going up-kill—the peasant puts a small frag ment of arsenic in his mouth, and lets it dissolve. The ef fect is astonishing. He ascends heights with facility, which he could not otherwise do without the greatest diffi salty of breathing. The quantity of arsenic with which the esters begin is about half a grain. They continue to take this quantity two or three times a.week ' in the morning fastingg till they become habituated to it. They then cautiously increase the dose as the quantity previously taken seem, to diminish is its effects. ' The peasant 11—," says Dr. Von Tsehndi, " a hale man of sixty, who enjoys capital health at present takes for every dose a piece about two grains in we/ht. For the last forty years he has continued the habit, which he inherited from his father, and which he will transmit to his children." No symptoms of illness or of chronic poisoning are obeer. sable in any of these arsenic eaters, when the does is care fully adapted to the constitution and habit of body of the person using it. But if from any cause the arsenic be left off for a time, symptoms of disease occur which resemble those of slight arsenical poisoning: especially a great feel ing of discomfort arises, great indifference to everything around, anxiety about his own person, deranged digestion, lees of appetite, a feeling of overloading in the stomach, in creased flow of saliva, burning from the stomach up to the throat, spasms in the throat, pains in the bowels, constipa tion, and especially oppression in the breathing. From these symptoms there is only one speedy mode of relief—an im mediate return to arsenic-eating.—Blackicood's Magazttee. A PILGIUMAGL—The quay at Marseilles, a few days sines, presented a very picturesque and singular ap pearance, from the presence of a large body of Mutsulman pilgrims, who had returned from Mecca and larded from the steam-packet Louqsor. They had pitched their tents during the night on the quay, and remained there wrapped up only in their burnouses, and in the morning proceeded to their religious ceremonies, and prepared and took their morning meal of cuscoussou. The calmness with which they went about their occupations contrasted in a siegular manner with the bustle which prevailed on the quays, but which did not pr vent them from tranquilly sipping their mocha and smoking ,their chibeuks. Among this caravan was only one woman, who wee of an advanced age, but who was caiefully concealed by the Arabs from the gaze of the Christiana. The party, the majority of whom are from Morocco, have left by a steamer for Algiers. Vbe Court. - •••• - OSBRNE, DEc. Prince Albert went out shootin O g yesterda 4. y in Parkhurst Forest. The Duchess of Kent, attended by Lady Fanny Howard, arrived at Osborne at 3 o'clock yesterday. Her Regal High ness crowed over from Southampton in the Flury, and landed at Trinity Pier, East Cowes. The Queen and Prince, the Prince of Wales, the Princess Royal, and Princess Alice, were present at the morning service at Whippinghans Church yesterday, which was per formed by the Rev. 0, Prothero. Sir James Clarke arrived from Landon on Saturday, and returned to-day. Lord Ward had an interview with the Earl of Aberdeen yesterday at his official residence in Downing -street. A deputation, consisting of Mr. Charles Rawl!, Chair man of the Great Western Railway Company; Viscount Barrington, M.P., Deputy Chairman; and Mr. C. A. Saun ders, Secretary of the Company; had an intei view with Sir William Molissworth yesterday at the office of Works and Public Buildings in Whitehall-place. Despatches were received at the Colonialoffite from the Governor of Gibraltar and the Governors of the West India Islands yesterday. The Judicial Committee of her Majesty's most Ilonour• able Privy Council sat yesterday at the Council Chamber, and heard an appeal, " Barnhart v. Greenshields,- from the Court of Appeal in Canada. The Lords present were Mr. Baron Parke, the Chancellor of the Duchy of Corn wall, Sir J. Patteson, and Sir E. Ryan. The Earl of Aberdeen, since last Wednesday has been confined to Argyll House, by indisposition, was yester day able to attend at his official residence in Downing street. _ _ The Lord Chancellor, Earl Granville, the Earl of Clarendon, the Duke of Newcastle, Sir William ?doles worth, and Sir Jams Benham, are among the Cabinet Ministers in town. Viscount Palmerston will remain in town until shortly before Christmas, when the noble viscount and vis countess proceed to Broadlands, near Roomy, to dispense their hospitality to a numerous and distinguished succession of guests. Lord John Russell has quite recovered from his cold, and with Lady J. Russell and family, is residing at Pembroke Lodge, Richmond-park. The noble lord and lady purposed to pass the approaching Christmas holidays with the Duke and Duchess of Bedford, at Woburn Abbey, which princely seat at this season of the year is generally the scene of great hospitality; but in consequence of the demise of the Duchess of Bedford's sister, Lady Caroline Sandford, the customary festivities are put off this Christ mas._ -- - The Duke and Duchess of Wellington have gone to Lisbon, where the duke has hi.d several interviews with the Portuguese ministers, relative to taking possession of the wide domains bestowed by that nation on his late illus trious father, as well as assuming the titles attached to them. He hu left that capital with the duchess on a tour through the provinces, the scene of the late duke's adievements• after which he proposes to proceed to Mad r id f or a s i m i lar ' purpose, and then return to England, via Paris. It is understood that Count Paul Esterhazy, who, since the events of 1819 in Hungary, has been compelled to absent himself from his native land, and bas spent the chief portion of his exile iu England, has recently received per mission to return home. On Saturday evening London lost the Mahratta gentleman, Rungo Bapojee, who, for the last nine years, has resided in this metropolis as the vekeel or representa tive originally of the deposed Rajah of Sattara, and, after his death, of his Ranee and adopted heir. The character of the East India Act of 1833 at last convinced ltungo that his mission was quite hopeless, and, on this becoming known to the East India Company, the Court of Directors, desirous of getting rid of the reproach which his presence in London iuvolved, agreed to advance Rungo such a sum lof money u would discharge the few debts he had, una voidably, on the exhaustion of his own resources, incurred here, and also defray his passage to India. Sa accordingly on Saturday Rungo left London by the mail train for Dover. He was accompanied by a respectable merchant who bad been attending the quarterly shawl sales here, and who has a considerable commercial establishment in Paris. After remaining in Paris for a day or two Rungs is to proceed to Marseilles and there join the steamer for Alexandria, whence he will pursue his journey to his home is the Deccan, where, however, he will have to undergo much purification before he can be re-admitted to the full privileges of his caste, and may have also to pay a very large pecuniary fine. Rungo is a strict Blade°, and whilst resident here cooked for himself every particle of food he consumed. He is a man of great ability, and of consider able Oriental learning; and though he never learnt to speak English with any facility, he understood it perfectly. He leaves behind him the respect and regard of a con siderable circle of influential friends, amongst the moat active of whom was Mr. Hume, through whose generous instrumentality it was, we believe, that the East India Company made Rungs the pecuniary grant already re ferred to. George Atkinson, Esq., of the Inner Temple and Northern Circuit, was yesterday sworn in before the Lord Chancellor as one of her Majesty's Serjcants-at-Law. The bronze statue of Marshal Ney, by Rude, has just been placed on its pedestal in the avenue of the Obser vatoire, at the spot where the Marshal was shot in Decem ber, 1815. It is to remain there until the day of its inaugu ration. Mr. Charles Dickens has arrived in Rome. TILE STRIEES IN THE NORTH. PRESTON, MONDAY. In some of the districts from which contributions have been received for the support of the unesployedin this town, the hands have been put upon short time ; but notwithstanding this they have actually increased their subscriptions, u appeared from the receipts at the dele gate meeting held here yesterday. The amount brought in wu about 2,2001. for the weavers alone. The result of the opening of the mills this morning to re ceive the names of those who might be disposed to resume work was anticipated with considerable anxiety. Groups of operatives congregated around the chief manufactories, but the principal rallying point seemed to be the establish ment of Messrs. Horrocks and Miller. Applications for em ployment were here made in the course of the morning by four or five females, who, on leaving the mills, were greeted with a storm of groans, and followed some distance through the atreeta. The chief participators in this proceeding were young women. It wes deemed expedient to place a body of police at the mill gates, to prevent intimidation and pre serve the peaoe. Altogether, the number who have sought work is at present vary small. There was a large meeting in the Orchard this afternoon. and addresses were delivered by numerous delegates, all of whom exhorted the operatives to observe order. /MEETING IN LONDON. Last evening a meeting of the working classes and others of the metropolis was held at the National Hall, Holborn, to consider the preseat state of the factory Opera tives of Preston, and to receive • deputation consisting of Mr. Cowell, of Preston, mad Mr. J. Mathew, of Heywood. Mr. C. Stew:mos, barrister, presided, and expressed a hops that that meeting might light up the torch of peace between the operatives and their employers. But to ensure such peace, they must prepare for war, by collecting the sinews of war. (Cheers.) This was a masters' strike and must be reprobated by every man of common humanity. The cold-blooded in which they had taken mea sures to crush the operatives was worse than anything that had issued from the pen of the Russian autocrat. When cotton-spinners thus lifted their diminished heads, it was simply ridiculous. They were beginning to show their weakness, and, accordingly, the Times was beginning to say that t►ey were not altogether right. (Hear, hear.) But the workmen must never canoeist to the demand of their masters to give up their clubs. (Cheers.) Mr. (3. Cowara, was loudly cheered on rising. He said the only thing that could be laid to the charge of the Preston operatives was, that they had dared to do what they liked with their own. (Hear, hear.) He then went into the history of the contest, and said that with the sup port of the large towns in the country they felt confident of success. Gold and silver was all they wanted. Let them have plenty of gold and silver, and labour would prove vic torious over capital in Preston, and eventually everywhere else. (Cheers.) In the manufacturing districts, the magis terial bench and all positions of honour were filled with cotton lords, who had risen from the ranks of the opera tives; and how had they risen, but by paying low wages, so as to get greater profits ? (Hear, hear.) SNARE this, and seeing the destitution of the labouring classes in the same dis tricts, it was evident to all that there Was something wrong. They had received support from the engineers, type-foun ders, cork.cutters, and other trades of London, also frem the ship -carpenters of Liverpool; and if generally sup ported by the trades of the large towns, they would " kick up such a row in England as had never been witnessed before." Though they bad memorialised Lord Palmerston a month ago, in • very courteous manner, his lordship had not vouchsafed them an answer. (Shame.) The Preston manufacturers had memorialised his lordship respecting a small disturbance at Blackburn ; and he had ordered • quantity of red jackets there, to protect the employers. (Shame.) Why did not hie lordship listen to one memori►l as readily as to the other ? (Hear, hear.) Mr. J. MATHEW neat addressed the meeting, after which resolutioas favourable to the cause were adopted. TILE POST-OFFICE ACTIIORITIE , have given notice that ship letter bans will be made up in London on the 20th instant for Madeira, Melbourne, and Sydney, to be sent by the City of Sydney steamer.