The Express. — London, England, 1851-07-17 00:00:00

IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT. HOUIIR OF COMMONS.—WEDNESDAY, JOLT PS. Tb• brasnas took the chair at twelve oclock. PRIVATE Ht'slNEsS. TM United Kingdom Electric Telegraph Company Bill IPSO tad a third time and pawed, Jackson's Estate Bill, Lethbridge's Estate Bill, and Dm national lAind Company Dissolving Bill, were considered, and ordered for a third reading. TM Battersea Park Amendment and Extension Bill, Dorward's Estate 1141, Oleagaw Provident Bank Estate MB, sad tit. Mosselhorgh (Arrangement with Crediton of the Burgh) Estst: 13,11, were IC read •USINE second time. PUB BSS._ PETITIONS PRESENTED. Tun C PALACiI —By Sir J. Y. HULLER, fir.. Warwick ; Sir H. R. F. DAVIE, from Haadingtors led Mr. CROWDER. from Unhe a rd In favour of its rsention es • winter garden. Ritiorrn•etne or AssUlleeeli Brt.t..—By Mr. MUL LING/I, from the county sad city of Otoucester, against thus bill. TILE WATER SUPPLY. Lord J. RUSSELL. in reply to • question from Mr. T. Dosicou an, ancouneed that the government Wan inter Mon of yyretting to maturity say net for mil* OM metnpt'tan water supply during the current miss. DISTRESS I v THE HIGHLANDS. Is answer to • series of questions by Mr. Cowan, Lord J. RU&SELL said that as the government MI NM yet received the report of Sir John M•Neill, the Melia the Swinish Poor Law Board, they were not yet in am.. too to lay it upon the table of the house, hut es soon so In woo is Wir power that ahould he done. He (Lord Jam Rowell) had, however, been favoured with an outline of tie general tendency of the expected report, but he did not perceive by that that any deatha had occurred from domination. THE HARWICH ELECTION. Yr. BANK ES called the attention of the Mum to the petition of the elector, of Harwich, complaining of govern ment interference at the late Harwich elgction, and moved that a select committee be appointed to inquire into the Lord J. RUSSELL said, on the part of the government, that there wee no objection to the appointment of the com mittee. The motion was agreed to, and Mr. BANK ES gave notice that he should move the ap psiatewat of the committee this day. CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS NOTICES BILL On the motion that the Speaker do leave the chair, The ATTOItNEY-GENERAL wished the bon. member for Cirencester would state what was the necessity for this bill, for its object only appeared to be to enable certain charities to give notice of their meetings to its governors by poet. Mr. MULLINOS said that it cost one charity 1001. to terve the notices in consequence of a rule requiring that they should be " duly served." 1 he hill then pasted through committee. CHARITABLY. PURCHASE DEEDS BILL. . . On Use motion that the Speaker do leave the chair, The SOLICITOIt-fiIiNNUAL felt hound to give the bill his docidisl opposition, because it proposed to alter in airmail dente, the law of murtmain, respecting which there was an inquiry going on, and upon which there was no necessity for hasty legislation. Ile should therefore move that the Nil be monnititeil this slay three months. Mr. MULLINUS denied that the effect of the bill would be as descrilied by the hon. and learned gentleman. Mr. HEADLAM said the bill would apply to both past and future charit.ible trusts. As there Was no pressing necessity for the bill this session, he should oppose its fur ther progress. Mr. ANSI EY said that tbe committee on mnrtmain had taken some most important evidence, which would shortly be reported to the house ; he should therefore oppose the farther progress of the bill. After • few words from Lord If. VANT, Mr. MU LLINGSsaid he would nut pre , s the bill against the feeling of the house. The order was then discharged. CORONERS BILL. BOUVERIE moved that this bill shou:d be read a second time that day three month, Lord H. VANE, one of the promoters of the bill, eon. cursed in the proposal, so a committee was taking evidence on the subject. Motion agreed to. ARREST OF ABSCONDING DEBTORS DILL. This bill paved through committee, receiving several verbal amendments. I.AW OF EVIDENCE AMENDMENT BILL. The Wm then went into committee un this hill. The ATTORNEY-Iit:NEIL:U. explained that the ob ject of the bill was to enable parties to give evidence in their own eases. The judges of the county courts hail, with IMP single exception, expressed themselves decidedly in fa vour of the prupimed alteration. Mr. lIENLEY thought they should allow the wife of a party. as well as the party himself, to give evidc nee in cases, rrt often occurred that the wife had the be , t knowledge of the ;circumstances which farmed the subject matter of tr suit. The ATTORNEY•GENERAL would not defend the es elusion Witte wife ; bat from what had occurred before their lordships in the other house, he feared the tubule:ion of such evidence would peril the passing of the bill. Mr. CROW ItElt thought the husband and wife should be made competent witnewes for each other, hut not com pallaMe or admis.ihle to give evidence aoaiiot each other. He therefore should prop me the introduction of a clause to that effect. ICVANS objected to the course proposed by the bon. sad kismed wend. ruin. Mr. WA KI.EY susnrested that the third clause should be 111Mitird altou.•ther, and the biU returned in that shape to the leak Yr. lIBNLE Y thought the matter would be remedied ti met making it compellable for the hte.hend or wife to pee evidence for or agairmt each other in criminal matter*. The ATTOHNI:YAIENE.ItAL assented to that view of the mar, mid Mr. CROWDER having withdrawn his amendment, the elesase as naneuded ow the suggestion of Mr. Henley, was M. 'ul iTi7rhill Dien passed thmugh committee. and with some ammedmesits was reported to the house. Mr. E. WOlt'flAY said he wish“l to guard himself by ears* that he was far from approiine all that had been dame that day Ile did sat see why the evidence of a wife shield be rekeived in Medial refused in criminal cases. PHARMACY BILL On the motion that ;;;;;;;;;;; committed, Mr. WAK LEY wired that the bill be committed that gay three asmiths, which after n few words from Mr. HIM LINT and Mr. J. HILL. Wall agreed tn. The Local Acta (Preliminary Inquiries) Dill was read a seesnid time. The Copybold and Enclosure Collllllilolollll Bill went through committee. Th.• Stock-in-Trade Bill was read a third time and passed. The Yietnria-park Bill passed through committee. COUNTY COUNTS Ft ETHER EXTENSION BILL. The home then went into conunittec on this bill, and pared the masiaing dames. Ill►. CROWDER proposed a clause, giving power to the eragsrier courts, or any two judger, to bear appeals in term as well as out of term. .I . iii;s7:4ll,Ailiiiiiossidemd it mat desirable that the pot& should have on the cheapest terms the best appeal, , hat as far as be was swore, no ohjection had been made to the present system, which had been established only two or three sessions ago. Ile was not disposed to do anything which was calculated to disturb the position of the superior warts is Westminster.hall, or that of the bar practising in thou omerte. lie considered it for the public interest that the rights of the bar should be maintained, and its inde pendence upheld, the only limit in hi. opinion being, that no sacrifice of public interest should be allowed, even for so desirable an object. Ile thought, as • general principle, the appeal should lie not to a part of the courts but to the whole courts ; but then the question arose, whether, though It ought be for the good of the bar, it was for the convene. ass of the public also that it should be an The question was, whether the present appeal was satisfactory to the r iblit, sad hoped ft to the Attorney-Oencral and the right ha. and Imeamil gratleman the chairman of the Poor-law Beard, to sap whether, upon the whole, there was such • want of preemption in the existing appellate tribunal, as to melee umber all the circumstances, desirable to make the Ati ll Orif EY-GENERAL thought the right hon. bread did sot senectly understand what it was proposed to do* no appeal was always to one or other of the superior wwwb.hint there was • provision in order to obviate the iseeseesisase sod delay which formerly arose in appeal oleos from Ste seem of business in those courts that appeals might be illepeseg of by a puisne judge out of term. That pressen of Weiser dig not now exist. The alteration pro. posed wield mho sat doe least difference to the bar one way or tbe ether Nog to the suitor the only difference wield be that, V tie appeal happened to arise when the avert was aIS is imam when there was no such pressure of busiasee Woe it seed prevent their attending to it, it weld be aroma eat awe, instead of being referred to a plisse judge es adds after term, and thus • delay of three er four wads probably would be avoided. In point of es pouse then would be no difference, but in point of time there would be a saving. After sew seuversation, the clause was added to the bill. Mr. CROWDER then moved the insertion of the follow ing clause And whereas doubts have arisen whether the appeal given try 13 le 14 Vitt., e. 61, s. 14, lies in cams tried bi the Comity Owe judge without a jury, be it declared sad enaelsdV Miser petty shall be dissatisfied with the detesmlinagen of **Comity Court judge in point of i:ramme teed with su or without • jury, such party the rig perior courts." ut ihis dame te was she shied to the bal. lit. CROWDER ant moved the imsertion of the follow ing dams: " And whereas kle ozpedisat to provide for the remetal el dein edam maw awl UMW., e. s. 118 ; M s it eamehd diet asp es& dein sail ow •••••••• Ina is roped thessof, WIT stir bstoes easy be timoval the aid together sans Where ofaay of the add oath or say isdp deems; oft seek , her as le the palms* at era sr %doping assay into overt as sad mart or 'Ape alai dent; as/ who any each dam, sugmas, or Mew shall be the mid es_potito suet shall deal thenorldt is the ••••• mast, in w as with istatplaafao eases asking is the said gIi eMULLINOS objected to the clause it the ground that it would increase the facility for bringi ng mass into the superior cants. The clause was withdrawn after a brief discussion. Mr. Crowder's next amendment. which would give • powet of appeal against interpleader orders, was also Mr. CROWDER M added to the ►" pierce and delay moiled, that the See of them, of w, courts shall be see, think lit, make ge ine on appeals ; wh Si if iacladed in this aka ace be in forte strut seat after the promulgation thereof." The ATTORNEY-GENERAL approved of this elmwe. Mr. EVANS opposed it, because courts of law airs* permed the inherent power of framing rules and reggile• teas fee their own government. Sir J. GRAHAM supported the clause. Lewd DUNCAN moved that it be read a second time UM der three months, but decline,' to divide the commit tee me Se geedie. The dome was agreed to, and ordered to be added to the lin. The CHAIRMAN then reported progress, and asked leave to at again, and the house resumed. TITHE ILENT-CHAROE ASSESSMENT BILL. This bill passed through committee. The house adjourned at a quarter to 6 o'clock. PAIRS 011 Lord Naas' motion on Tuesday last. —Sir T. O'Brien for, with Mr. Bernal against ; Mr. Devereua for, with Mr. Wawn against; Lord Mandeville for, with Capt. Scobrll against. PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEES. TILE METROPOLTI WATER SUPPLY Yesterday the protracted case for the ratepayers was con cluded with the examination of Mews. Evans and Max well, and to-day the cue for the companies in opposition to the government bill will be opened. ST. ANDREW'S AND QUEBEC RAILWAT.—Mr. Bernal's committee on this eompany's bill to enable class A shareholders to divide their shares In the undertaking, have declared the preamble proved. CAMERON'S LOUGHOR RAILWAY.—The committee on this bill have declared the preamble proved. Eh erprelOS. TO CORRESPONDENTS. Sneed to et " The ees," CORRESPONDENT S.. lie was eveeing's Gasetta," IS pablisited e.. 1 Tends, sad Fraley night, Is time kw poet. 4dret torments tateaded for " The Zepreas." Leedom Ernie; paper, mast be at the tke, 10, Bouverwsifellt, by Two °Wash ow tits day et pebtleatlaw. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE T■ts DAT—Marais& lb. $I .Aftermays. 4b. 4715. To-twastow—parsing. SY. My Alywysey. Sy. ask. LONDON, THURSDAY, JULY 17. LANDLORDISM will quote figures and consequently get its ignorance and fully perpetually exposed. Again and again has its inaptitude for discerningblack from white been made painfully and pitiably mani fest; vet again and again it repeats the exploit of statistical suicide, to the admiration of all true lovers of protectionist martyrdom. The performance of Lord Naas on Tuesday last was a signal specimen of this unhappy species of valour. Casting his eyes over the disenchanting proofs of prosperity under free trade, the noble member for Kildare lights upon two items, which put together make up, he imagines, a conclusive case against the system. The export of linen yarn from Ireland to France has greatly diminished, while the import of French flour into Ireland has consider ably increased. He seeks for neither cause nor ex planation in the contemporaneous facts that crowd on all sides the darling figures he has discovered; and trusting to the landlord instincts of the House of Commons, he coolly proposes these isolated incidents for their consideration,—nay, invites a decision affirming the failure of free imports on the strength of the scraps he has deliberately cut out of their con text, in the returns of the Board of Trade. And we are bound in justice to the noble lord's sagacity to admit that since in the middle of July, when two thirds of the members of parliament have left town, 93 individuals can be got to vote for such a motion on such a statement, it is not perhaps unaccountable why it should be made. The quantities of flour imported into Ireland from France have during the last three years very much exceeded those previous to 1843. Therefore, says Lard SA.I4, it is clear that the Irish millers must be on the high road to ruin. He carefully omits to state that while the imports of flour have increased, those of unground wheat had gone on increasing likewise, —funnshing, as Mr. LABOUCIIERE justly argued, a demonstration that the millers had as much, if out more than ever to do. Milling is, strictly speaking, a manufacture. Most manufacturers are supposed to be served by an abundant and limit less supply of the raw material. But milling, ac cording to the protectionist theory, is like to be extinguished by the abundance of the material which keeps its capital and labour busy. Nor was the noble lord more logical in his various subordinate arguments. An anonymous corn-factor (of course of the greatest respectability) had written hint a letter, declaring it to be his opinion that the Irish millers could never compete with the French; and his lordship proceeded then to explain how this rather singular circumstance was to be accounted for. It was not by superior machinery that the Celts of 1 Brittany were able to beat those of Leinster ; for • great portion of the mechanism used, perhaps by both, was sent from England • and amongst the former the common name made use of was " the English mill." Nobody, we presume, is likely to ascribe the superiority complained of to ;greater amounts or facilities or obtaining capital. The sole remaining cause is to he soug ht, we are assured, in the difference of the price of labour : as if wages in Ireland were not proverbially too low already, or as if the comparatively few hands employed in the im proved system of flour-making could affect so vast a change as that which parliament was asked to de clare substantiated. The truth is, that in totally different directions are to be found the real occasion of that depression which the smaller capitalists in many districts of England, as well as Ireland, have had to sustain. The application of steam power to the grinding of corn has inevitably tended to tho concentration of the trade in the fewer and larger establishments. This must have occurred had the alteration of the tariff never taken place. During the past year there has, moreover, been a vast influx of flour from France, owing to the singular superabundance of the wheat harvest of 18.10. Already the markets of Paris show that the speculative export to these countries during the winter has been overdone; and it is no secret, we believe, that considerable purchases have begun to be made of French flour on this side of the chan nel fur re-shipment to France. By way of meeting this part of the case, Lord Nate assured his hearers that the French millers were by no means exclu sively dependent on the produce of their own soil for supply. They might import from other countries where wheat could be grown even cheaper than at home, and grinding it in bond re-export it as flour ; a proof of the paternal and fostering care which the French government took of its industri ous and enterprising subjects. But this appears to be about the climax of irrationality and non-sequence. Irish and English millers have not only the power to import at certain states of the foreign corn averages, materials for manufacture in bond, but they can im port at all times and at all prices from all countries, and grind their foreign purchases into flour, without troubling their heads about Customs regulations,ofß cers, or penalties, or deducting a shilling from the net annual profits on account thereof. Herein our fel low-subjects of the milling interest have obviously all the advantage over their much-dreaded com petitors. Not more successful was the attempt to show that in the article of linen yarn Ireland had been • sufferer of late years. Here likewise a single column of' figures being alone seized upon, a conclusion is drawn absolutely delusive and contrary to notorious ' fact. We do not accuse Lord Naas of mis-stating wilfully the circumstances of the export trade in yarn to France; but we shall in a few sentences con vince every intelligent and impartial man, how utterly erroneous is the impression that would be created by attending to those cited by his lordship, without comparison and combination with other , facts to be found in the same documents whence the former have been drawn. _- --- About eight years ago the French government, in one of their protection freaks, placed a duty upon imported yarn, which 6s amounted, as it was in tended, almost to a prohibition. The professed, and doubtless the sincere, aim of this tax on the raw material of their lawn and cambric manufactures eras to force the extension of spinning mills in ' Prance, whereby it was argued great profit and much employment would be secured to their native industry. "• By dint of smuggling, this was to some extent de- EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, JULY 17, 1851. auccansfid 1 the (Anna) 'ted; sad great injury our yarn-apinners7 and exported from mouth of' Scotland It eras in 1848, ,264,000 cwts. ; iii never was so busy in both spinning and weaving the flax fibre. Ger many and Belgium have supplanted France as a customer; and from their own official returns we gaUter that the French have crippled their export linen trade by taxing the supply we were accustomed to yield them of yarn. THE Secretary of State for the Colonies has had a narrow escape of it. The Earl of DERBY'S motion relative to the affairs of the Cape was only negatived by a majority of six in a house of 142. That the vote should have run so close is not surprising : on both sides the voters were struggling between con flicting motives. The supporters of the Earl of DERBY were divided between their eagerness to deal a blow to the whig minister and their reluctance to abet the cause of self-government and free represen tative institutions in the colonies ; and it is but cha rity' to suppose that the whig or liberal peers were in like manner divided between their disinclination to give a victory to the protectionist tories and their dislike of the despotic doings at the Cape. Perhaps the most curious feature of the whole affair was the contrast between the pococurante laasi- 1 tude of the attack and the desperate energy of tho ' defence. There was nothing of Prince RUPERT about the Earl of DEHEv's onset. From first to last he was like a fencer who is more intent upon covering himself than bringing home a thrust to his adver sary. The vehemence of his attack was crippled, paralysed, by his anxiety to forestall, by explana tions of his own conduct while in office, any to quoqese retorts. Lord LYNDHURST, too, who undertook the legal part of the argument, intimated at the outset that he should not state any opinion of his own on the subject, but merely the grounds upon which the learned persons who had been consulted had pro ceeded." But, on the other side, this desultory, half-earnest assault was repelled with all the desperate energy of despair. The question was taken up by the colonial minister as a purely personal one, and he spared no devices, no subterfuges, to obtain a verdict in his favour. For weeks before, if common rumour may be in aught believed, the whole GREY clan, male and female, had been in the Held canvassing for votes. The earl himself took every advantage in the debate. For example, the Earl of DERBY and Lord LYNDIIURST having divided the task of opening the case between them —the former taking to himself the political and the latter the legal points—the Secretary of State for the Colonies insisted upon making his reply when the case had only been half opened, in the hope that the advanced years and physical weakness of Lord LYNDHURST might weaken his efforts at a later hour, if not prevent him from speaking altogether. And Earl GREY'S speech was a running alternation of the argumentana ad inisericordiam (plaintive culo tries of himself), and the argumentuai ad invidiam (vehement vituperation of his opponents). He even forgot the dignity of his position as a minister of the crown so far, as to peril the issue of the debate on the alternative whether the house wished Earl GREY Or Mr. FAIRBAIRN to dictate the manner in which the difficulties of the Cape arc to be settled. The misfortune of all this is, that the decision of the House of Lords simply afftcts the personality of Earl GREY. The peers have determined to let him off altogether, or to let him down softly, and they have left the Cape colonists and their concerns— their sufferings and their discontents—entirely out of view. This has a twofold bad effect. It exas perates still more the uneasy feelings and discontents of the inhabitants of that particular colony; and it lut.s been the cause of certain very questionable doc trines, enunciated by the defenders of Earl GREY, passing unchallenged, that cannot but alarm our colonists in all parts of the world. For example, it has hitherto been believed that privileges, or rights, conveyed by letters-patent of the crown, were held permanently by the grantees. But the LORD CHANCELLOR went so far on Tuesday night as to maintain that all such rights are only held during the good pleasure of the crown, and arc revocable at any time. "In 1817 (said the noble and learned ex-attorney) the crown issued its letters patent to its officers at the Cape to call a council, and in that it merely conveyed to its officers in the colony a right to exercise its prerogative to legislate for the colony. That authority, he maintained, was at all times revocable by the crown, and might be recalled, for instance, if the council were not called in conformity to instructions from time to time fur nished." This monstrous doctrine strikes at the root of all chartered rights whatever, of all constitutional privileges of the subject. Nothing like it, we will be bound to say, has been heard from the mouth of an English judge since the miserable time serving days when the lawyers of JAMES 11. were abetting his attempts to wrest their charters from the English corporations. The King of PaesstA himself—that great setter-up and knocker-down of octroyed constitutions—never propounded a doctrine more flagrantly iniquitous. And the vote of the House of Lords on Tuesday night has allowed this servile doctrine to go forth to the world with the apparent sanction of one branch of the British legislature. What effect must such a ' vote have upon the inhabitants of all our chartered colonies? How must they feel when they are told that even their narrow privileges are enjoyed only during the good pleasure of the crown. Such a diction ema nating from a Lord High Chancellor, listened to, unquestioned and uncontroverted by the Peers of Great Britain, is enough to sow the seeds of rebellion in half our colonies. Mischief enough was done when Earl GREY allowed it to be seen so p'ainly that personal pique, the assertion of his own self-will, has been his great moving principle in his dealings with the Cape colonists. But that mischief has been incalculably aggravated by Earl GREY'S Lord Chancellor laying down the law that the constitutional privileges con ceded to colonists by the crown may be resumed whenever the crown sees fit. The sarcastic compli ment paid by BENJAMIN FRANKLIN to the English colonial ministers of his day may, if matters are allowed to g o on thus be applied some day to their successors in ours—that they are adepts in the art of making a little empire out of a great one. TIM exhibition of live stock in the Home Park at Windsor forms the complement of the show of British industry . for 1851. And it is in many respects a most interesting one. We do not refer to the trite, though true observation, which has been so often repeated, that the live stock show ' of the Royal Agricultural Society for the present year offers a practical contradiction to the predic tions of declining husbandry wherein some indifferent landlords and weak politicians have indulged ; for such predictions had been previously falsified by events. The fictions of disordered imaginations have been as different as possible from rural realities. We see new energy and fresh capital applied to agricul tural improvement where energy and capital have been before applied, while in districts and amongst classes not hitherto remarkable for the energetic or intelli gent use of farming capital, improvements are being made which, ten years ago, the improvers and all their acquaintance would alike have thought beyond their imagination or their reach. And in no department of rural industry is this more remarkable than amongst breeders of live stock. Recent low prices have taught farmers that inferior stock will not pay, where good stock, well managed, will give a fair return for labour and outlay ; and the result is • constantly increasing attention to the breed and cha racter of the stock kept by farmers. Of this no rarer proof can exist than the increased number of competitors for the prizes of the society. M an y reasons, however, might be suggested for the enormous increase of the stock exhibited at this year's annual meeting besides the legitimate increase of trading breeders consequent upon • growing demand for their stock. The spirit's of emulation excited by the Great Exhibition has doubtless had its effect in stimulating our farmers to send animals to the Windsor show ; and the proximity of the show-ground to the royal residence and to the metropolis has also not been without a cer tain effect. Then the society has offered prizes for more numerous classes of animals thanon former occasions. Thus, in addition to the standing prizes for short horn, Hereford, and Devon cattle, there are now others for long-horned, polled, and other Scotch cattle, Channel Islands, Welsh, Irish, Suffolk, and• Snares cattle. So with sheep : there are prim of fered for the first time this veer for mountain and other breeds of sheep not hitherto deemed worthy of the Society's attention. We apprehend, however, that such prizes have been offered on this occasion rather for the purpose of rendering the present show a specimen of all the various kinds of British live stock, than with any view to establish a perma nent competition at the society's yearly meetings for mountain sheep, or the inferior breeds of cattle, which, though possessed of some useful qualities, have never succeeded in obtaining more than a local reputation. And it is a fact quite notorious, that ono or the other of the three breeds of cattle, or of the three breeds of sheep, for which the ordinary prizes of the society are offered, is in every district making inroads upon, and gradually displacing, the inferior local breeds. To the extended prize list, however, some of the increase of stock shown is due; the number being this year nearly thirteen hundred against seven hundred of last year's show at Exeter. But none of the causes alluded to will account for the whole of the large increase, for after deducting what we may call the curiosities of the exhibition, it will be found that the staple articles, the real business breeding stock of the country, the short-horn Here ford and Devon cattle, and the Cotswold, Leicester, and South Down sheep, are much more numerous than at former shows. And not only are the animals in these classes more numerous than formerly ; they are also more uniform in character. The competition is closer than for merly. It would require no small share of pro fessional knowledge and technical skill to determine to which animals the prizes should be awarded. That was not formerly the case; a very slight experience in judging of the form and quality of an animal was sufficient at the earlier meetings of the society to point out the winners even before the awards of the Judges were affixed to their pens. That is not the case at the present meeting, where there are so many animals which are little inferior to the winners of prizes, that an accurate knowledge of the points of symmetry is indispensable to enable the looker-on to affirm the judges' decisions. Yet this is not occasioned by any falling off on the part of the prize winners, in proof of which it may be noticed, that most of our long known and emi nent breeders are still the owners of tho prize ani mals. Another circumstance, which has been re ferred to as evincing the general improvement in stock, is, that the females of tho different claws are equal or nearly equal in point of form and character to the males. This tells more accurately the perfection to which a flock or herd has attained than the perfection of a few of the male animals. In nearly all the stock shown, too, there are unquestionable indications of vigorous con stitution, which at one time was somewhat under es timated by the judges of these annual exhibitions. Altogether, the reflection which most forcibly occurs after going through the stock-yard is, what an amount of agricultural enterprise must exist in this country to render such a show possible; for it must be borne in mind that by far the greater number of the ex hibitors are breeders, men who make that branch their principal business, and show their stock with a view to attract the custom of the agricultural public. Few know the time and the cost, the un wearied patience, and the determination not to be daunted by first expense or partial failures, which have been incurred and sustained by every breeder of prize animals, and of ani mals likely to be winners ; and fewer still can appreciate the judgment, the power of close observation, the nicety of discrimination with out which no man can be a successful breeder of first-rate live stock. And when we see the com paratively large number of persons who have sue- ceeded us breeders, we may form some notion of the extent of the demand for high-bred stock, which can call forth so much skill, industry, and continuous outlay to furnish the requisite supply. Another point worthy of remark is that very few amateur-breeders are prize winners, and that it is not merely an unlimited command of means, and a fondness for stock that will insure success ; there must be the careful, the compelled intelligence of the man of bu siness, with whom success or failure is a question of life or death. The present show is likely to prove a good one for our breeders, from the numerous foreigners who are in thin country, and thus that foreign demand for our best stock, which has always been an im portant one, is likely to become greater than ever. This species of " foreign competition" it is probable the most ardent protectionist will not object to. ER then mooed that the clout( NM ill : but" the Maiifee , _flee pure /I . . . _ ,_ bill: "And for preventing ex- ,ordb,uocliot o to forcib linm lin Pro",uting th e pit* ;h• i /O•pfra,. Rik to whom? , T h u o e judges of the said in g pe r Sat'at al'. The quantities made no whom • chief ol4o g f . north el Ireland . trod the poi we, may from ti d.. 11 , e,,*l r general orders for la - bontinind steadily te.increase. wit" orders shall he he e 1 ; 17 ;h 7-i elr;;;; 1 I 11,722,000 cwt& ; in 1849, 17,2 t this act : provided always, that such order is- 18.50, 18,539,000 mots. Belfast ne ?lee "id the end a t h e maiehh of P ar in toth suinnino: and weaving, Om . . .. ... FRANCE. PARIS, WEDNESDAY EVENING. The .Ifoniteur has confirmed the report, mentioned in my letter of yesterday, of the appointment of General Magnan to the command of the army of Paris in the place of Baraguay d'Hilliers The political importance of this post will not fail to suggest nu merous commentaries on the subject. In the mean while the military merits of General Magnan are admitted by all parties. His conduct at Lyons in 1849 furnished a striking proof of his energy; and the command which he exercised in the service of Belgium earned him the reputation of a skilful officer. The following decree, appointing him, is signed by the President of the Republic, and counter signed by the Minister of War: General Magnan, commander of the 4th military din-- vision (Strasburg), is appointed commander-in•chief of the army of Paris, in place of General Baraguay whose resignation is accepted. The attributions of the command of the territorial diyi%ion remain entire in the hands of General Carrelet, who commands at the same time the first disision of the army of Paris. The honours of the sitting of yesterday were de creed to M. Michel de Bourges, who displayed, by the consent of all impartial hearers, oratorical powers of the first order. The qualities of such a speech as was delivered by the Jupiter Tonans of the Moun tain are not such as can be re-produced on paper, even in the original language, much less in a transla tion. The full sonorous voice, the suitable emphatic gesture, the generous fire, which communicates itself even to political adversaries, all combined to win for M. Michel one of the most remarkable oratorical suc cesses which has been ever known in the Assembly. He attacked the legitimists with great vigour, and, after a slashing review of the policy of the restora tion, be showed how the acceptance of the principles of the revolution of 'B9 led necessarily to the repub lic, as the only form of government under which the I equality of all citizens before the law, and the destruction of privilege could be carried out. In passing to the monarchy . of July, he paid a tribute to the memory of Louis Philip pe , which tended to show that the monarchy of July, backward as it was, was still vastly more suited to the spirit of the times than the system which it replaced. He quoted the passage in the late King's will recom mending to the Count of Paris to be a man of his time and a servant of France. He then took occa sion to apply the lash to M. de Fallouz's un-French recommendation to conciliate Russia; and, when the legitimist es-minister reminded him that Napoleon had cast his eyes towards Russia, he appealed to the flames of Moscow as a test of the Emperor's disposi tion towards the Muscovites, and quoted happily the prophecy of St. Helena that in halt a century Europe would be republican or Cossack. The sudden suspension of M. Grevy's effort seems to have been caused by an attack of ill ness. M. Coquerel is generally charged with being a Bonapartist in disguise; for, while he protested his opposition to the re-election of Louis Napoleon, he assigned the best reasons in the world for arriving at that conclusion. His speech sparkled with witty turns of expression ; but was completely eclipsed by the brilliant oratory of M. Michel de Bourges. In the sitting of the Assembly to-day M. Pepin Lehalleur took his seat for Seine-et-Mame. M. Michel ((de Bourges), concluding his speech of yesterday, said : He had undertaken to reconcile parties with the republic. He had shown that no restoration could satisfy the political necessities of the time. He would not judge the restora tion by the excesses of 1815, and let hiss not be taunted with the convention and the reign of tenor. He confined himself to pointing the course which monarchy had pur sued, and which it necessarily must again pursue, and he maintained that monarchy was incompatible with that equality which was born of the revolution of 1799. The na ' hind tendency of mankind was towards equality, although it might be unattainable. The struggle of the day was between capital and labour, Ca pital was the child of labour, but if left to itacli it would devour its parent. He, himself, had risen from labour, and had acquired capital, and therefor* it MY that he offered himself as an arbitrator between the two. M. Michel de Bemires, continuing, said that royalty had always taken the side of wealth. And en this account it had expired on the day it was said " The king reigns, hut governs n 0.." Ile knew there was some indelible logicians (here the orator cast his eyes on M. Leo de Laborde, on the peak of the ex treme right) who did not admit that royalty could preserve its responsibility iu abdicating its intelligence. The mo narchy of the elder branch imposed on legislators a qualifi cation of I,ooofr. taxes; the same principle had been main tained by the younger branch, although the amount had been reduced by halt. Was capital or work represented by such a system ? The people complained, but were not listened to. Three ministers of the younger branch were among his hearers; the shades of opinion which had divided them were imperceptible. It was not they who hail quitted power, but power which had quitted them, because it belonged to the majority. M. Mole hail carried no amnesty. M. Thies had not succeeded in thrusting the nation into war. (Here M. Mole declared that from the moment he had pro posed an amnesty, he had never encountered anyiohjection.) The monarchies had succumbed from their principles, not from their men. Why had the state Rot executed the rail ways? Because the majorities had wanted to grant a branch to each locality. Power could not do all the good it wanted ; and had done much harm that it did not want. This was the necessary consequence of the partiality of the monarchy, which always patronised a party. Universal suffrage alone could conciliate all interests, and that was why he was for the republic. He did not want an ancient republics, which was organised brigandage, and the struggle for ill-got wealth among robbers. The ancient republic, which were vaunted in the schools, did not acknowledge the claims of labour, the origin lof capital. :and ex torted it by slavery. The republic desired by him and his friends was that of the United States, the unity minus the slavery. There capital and labour gave one another the hand, and all were called directly or indirectly to make the law. Capitalists would lose perhaps by the republic, but revolutions would no longer be possible. Lyons had been fifteen months under state of siege. He liked the soldier, but he liked him better out of the country. (Laughter.) He would not have him employed to set up a dictator. He had been reminded that be bad not spoken of the abolition of the punishment of death. He would only say that mo narchies kill because they are in a false position, but repub lics can pardon because they are the truth itself. (Loud cheers on the Left.) After the speech of M. Michel de Bourges the sitting was suspended. M. Bcrrycr then ascended the tribune. He made an ample and eloquent de fence of the monarchy against the attacks of M. Michel de Bourges; and showed how, through a long series of ages, the monarchy had admirably fulfilled its task, and how it had proved the source of all valuable liberties. But the great feature of M. Berryer's speech was to prove that the destinies of the country ought not to be con tided to a man, but to a principle. He had always seen this truth clearly since the fall of the empire Hence he should look upon the re-election of Louis Napoleon by five millions of votes as the greatest misfortune which could befall France, next to the triumph of socialism. For then the destinies of the country would be confided to a man, who was placed above the constitution, and not to a principle. He concluded by an impressive adjura tion to all the parties of order, that in case the revision were not voted by the constitutional ma jority, they should combine firmly to make the constitution and the law rigorously respected by all. The )loniteur publishes a return of the receipts from the taxes for the first six months of 1851, as compared with the corresponding period of 1819 and 1850. The produce of the indirect taxes amounts to 363,660,000 fr., having been for the first half-year of 1850 350,467,000 fr., and of 1819 334,436,000 fr. The augmentation in favour of 1851 over 1850 is conse quently nearly 13 millions, and over 1849 upwards of 29 milions. The items showing most increase are the registration dues and the stamps duties, in conse quence of changes effected by the bill passed on May 18, 1850. The duty on home-made sugar has given 4.23:1,000fr. and on foreign sugar 482,000 fr. more in 1831 than in 1830; whilst the duty on colonial su gar has fallen off 4,112,000 fr. The duty on potable liquors shows an increase of 1,874,000 fr., that on salt, 935,000 fr. ; the post-office department, 1,298,000 fr. ; tobacco sales, 2,846,000 fr.; import duties (other than corn and sugar), 72:1,000fr., and the export duties 491,000 fr. The produce of the sale of gun powder shows a diminution of 436,000 fr., owing to the difficulties thrown in the way of the sale by the administration, in consequence of political consider ations. The collection of the direct taxes has been unusually favourable, the sum received up to the 30th June having been 175,925AX/fr., which gives 43 per cent. of the whole sum to be received for the year, and is nearly 5 millions more than was due up to that period. The committee of the budget, after consulting the Minister of Finance, has decided on the creation of rentes to the amount of 50 millions, to cover the sum charged on the budget for extraordinary public works. The committee on the Municipal Bill has rejected the proposition of some of its members, to charge the expenses of prisons and courts of justice to the state, and has assigned them to the department. The Conseil d'Etat, continuing their deliberations upon the true construction of the constitution, have expressed a decided opinion that Ledru-Rollin, being under a judicial condemnation, would be ineligible for the presidency, but that the Prince Joinville, al though comprised in the decree of banishmentagainst his family, might legally be elected. The mayor of Lorient has paid a visit to Paris, and invited the President to visit that port on the occa sion of the opening of the Nantes Railway, in order to be present at the launch of the three-decker Donauwhth. Symptoms of agitation have long been prevalent among the Nemenchas, one of the most populous tribes of the province of Constantine. News is now received that the Caliph Assenoum, having entered the Nemencha country at the head of 2,000 horse, has been completely routed. Musts ha-Ben-Ismael, an officer of Spahis, was killed. The Nemenchas, therefore, are in open rebellion, and the French troops after operating for three months in the north of Constantine, must move upon the south to restore the authority of the government. This seems the consequence of placing the Nemenchas under the orders of a greedy and incapable chief, and of send ing an injudicious expedition against them. The ifoniteur A #;rien is silent on this subject. The upward movement of the Bourse was well sustained to-day. The Five per Cents. rose 35c., closing at 95.05, and the Three per Cents also rose 35c. and closed at 57. SPAIN. The Spanish ministry was beaten in the vote on M. Polo's motion for electoral reform, which they opposed, by a majority of 67 against 43. fhe Madrid journals of the 11th contain nothing new on the plot which caused a military demonstra tion to be made. The whole of the sitting of the Chamber of Deputies on the 10th was occupied with a continuation of the debate on the bill for the settle ment of the debt. The President of the Council (M. Bravo Murillo) spoke at some length in defence of the bill; and took occasion to announce that, from the ac counts of 1850, which had just been made up, it ap ' peered that in that year there had been no deficit whatever; though the opposition had calculated it at 200,000,000 reels, and he himself had supposed at one time that it would have been 18,000,000. The minister entered into details which showed the financial situation of the present year in a most favourable light. ROME, JULY 10.—M. Garailni, Chancellor of the Criminal Tribunal of Imola, has been assassinated in the streets at 4in the afternoon. The assassin has not been discovered. Monsignor de Moltza, keeper of the Vatican Library, has committed suicide by cutting his throat with a razor. TURLY.—In its sitting of the 12th, the Senate of Turin adopted the bill for laying a tax upon trades and commerce, by 36 votes to 20. TUSCANY.—A telegraphic despatch of the 9th, from Florence, states that, according to a circular proceeding from the Minister of Ecclesiastical Affairs, the bishops, in agreement with the government, will issue public acts, administer the property of the church, and communicate all spiritual appointments to the said minister. IRISH RAILWATB.—It is stated in the Irish_ papers that the directors of the Midland Great Western Railway intend ap, lying for a bill to authorise the construction of a single line between Athenry, on their railway, and Tuam, with the view of extending it hereafter to Castlebar. The Limerick Chronicle says:—" We understand that the re quisition delivered to the directors of the Dundalk and Enniskillen Railway Company, requiring them to convene an extraordinary meeting, in order to take measures to change the seat of management from Dublin to Dundalk, has been signed byLords Roden, Blaney, Jocelyn, Alder man Thompson, M.P., Sir John Mac Neill, Lieut. Colonel Browne, and 68 others, holding 1,700 shares in the com pany. It is rumoured that Lord Erne, although a member of the board, will vote against his colleagues, and with the requisitionists." COLONIAL. CEYLON. By the arrival of the Overland Mail, we have re ceived tiles of papers from Colombo to the 11th of June inclusive. The following, relating to planting matters, is from the Colombo Examiner, of June 11: Atter the gale, aecompanied with heavy rains, which ushered in the mouth of May, the weather became un usually fine fur the season of the year. The last fort night has produced a seasonable change, and much rain has fallen both in the interior and in the maritime provinces. All our advices from the country agree that coffee plantations are looking well, and their prospects for the season good. We do not bear of any large crops in particular localities, but there is no remain to apprehend at present any deficiency except from the going out of some of the older properties. With respect to many of these has to be solved the most difficult problem of coffee planting, "to make them pay." Originally defective man igement has made the original cost of formation enormous, without the necessary care having been bestowed to prevent the growth of weeds, which have become impossible to eradicate, and entailing a constant and heavy expense, which the quantity and qua lity of the produce can ill afford. Low cultivation is too expensive on estates in bad condition and speculative as to results. Such properties require two advantages which are incompatible with each other—the prices obtainable under restricted trade, and the economy in their management which free trade has been the means of introducing. There is, however, a more pleasing picture to contem plate, and that is the number of estates formed since experience has been gained; and those which were still young enough to gain by the improvements introduced of late years, and the later the formation the more gainful appear the prospects of such properties. The emulation of practical men is to perform all operations in the best man ner and at the most economical rates, as opposed to the old competition of how much money could be spent in a month; and with labour, as we believe, cheaper than slave labour, though not so cheap as upon the continent of India, propri etors of young estates, we believe, have little to fear from the competition of other coffee-producing countries. The list of shipping shows that an American ship has loaded a full cargo of coffee for Boston, United States, which is to come into competition with Brazil produce carried at a cheaper rate from the country where it is grown. Cinna mon planters have been busy cutting until within the last few days. The rainy weather has brought out a heavy bud upon the gardens, which will stop peeling for a short time. Plantations have much improved during the last two months, and retrieved the effect of the long dry season. The cut tings are expected to be fair in quantity and quality. The health of the country had not in general been good• SOUTH AUSTRALIA. Adelaide journals have reached us to the end of March. As previously noticed the elections formed the all-engrossing subject of discussion, the local papers being taken up with little else than reports of election meetings and discussions on the eligibility or otherwise of the numerous candidates. On March 27th the old colonists' festival was celebrated with the utmost enthusiasm, the occasion being a general holiday. LIBUAN. Accounts received to the middle of May report the settlement healthy. The coaling operations of the Eastern Archipelago Company were progressing most favourably, under the superintendence of the brothers Motley, and contrast strongly with the ab sence of anything like activity in any department of this remote dependency. BORNEO. The Sultan of Bruni, whose death has been looked for fur some months past, was still living on May 10. Mr. Burns, who had returned to Singapore, had visited the Harem river, up which he proceeded sixty miles. He describes it as the richest of the rivers of Borneo. The people were friendly and well disposed for trade, and desirous of keeping up a tradal intercourse with the white races. VAN DIENIEN'S LAND. Tasmanian journals received to the middle of March, are replete with notices of the rejoicings consequent on the publication of the bill for the better government of the Australian colonies. Her Majesty's ship Havannah left Hobart Town on Feb. 22, on her voyage to New Zealand and the Auckland Islands. It was the intention of Captain Erskine to return in about two months. The harvest had turned out an indifferent one. Mr. Bichens, the Colonial Secretary, had died rather suddenly at the age of sixty-six. NEW GUINEA. From the Jar ase We ,in - liar 14, we gather a few items of intelligence from this remote corner of the earth. The Netherlands possessions on tho coast have for some time been unhealthy. All tho officials, including the governor, Mr. A. van Eh, were suffering from kver and rheumatism ; latterly a favourable improvement had taken place. The un healthiness has been ascribed principally to the late and heavy rains, which were suddenly followed by excessive drought. The governor of the British pos sessions on the coast, Sir Wm. Winniett, had died, and was succeeded by Mr. J. Bannerman. There was a considerable number of European ships on the coast. JAVA. Accounts received from Batavia to May 24, give fear ful detailsof;the ravages made by the cholera through out the Dutch territories, especially in Celebes. In the southern districts it had spread through tho kingdom of Ooa, on the territory of Macassar, from whence it took the direction of Maros. In Macassar about 600 persons were attacked, of whom about 40 per cent. died. On April 24 the disease appeared at Batavia ; from the 7th to the 14th of May, 625 were attacked, of whom 46 died ; in the suburbs and hospitals the mortality had been severe. Up to May 1.5 the official report notices that no less than 4,851 persons had been attacked, of which number 1,500 died. The disease was in no degree arrested in its progress, but is spreading throughout the Dutch territories, sweeping away the inhabitants. THE CAFE MAIL.—The Sir Robert Peel, Screw Steam Shipping Company's vessel, Capt. Boxer, sailed front Plymouth with the July mails for Sierra Leone, the Cape of Good Hope, &c., on Tuesday, at two o'clock. She has taken out a full cargo of English manufactures and several passengers, including Paymaster Timbre', Lieut. Reeve, Cornet Gabbeths, 19th Lancers, Messrs. E. Moore, P. Moore, Friedland, Josiah Lewis, Hancock, and Cowper. THE GREAT EXHIBITION.—Yesterday the receipts amounted to 2,9101. 45., the numbers of persons who visited the building being 60,626. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION IN NORTH WALER. —The communication between Liverpool and Holyhead, by ' means of the electric telegraph is now complete, and in full operation, rid Chester. There requires now but the laying 'down of the long-projected submarine telegraph between the island of Anglesey and the sister country, fully to com plete the chain of telegraphic communication between Dub lin, London , and the great towns of E ng l an d. It is pro posed, on the completion of the South \Vales Railway, to adopt the system on that line, and finally to ettend it to the Pembrokeshire coast. By these means both the north and south of the principality would be brought into imme diate intercourse with England. SCARBOROUGH ELECTION.—The writ arrived in York on Friday, and the mane evening the sheriff's precept was served on the returning officer, who has fixed the elec tion for Friday next. Lord Mnlggive solicits the continued confidence of the constituency, and Mr. G. F. Young is to be nominated in the protectionest and shipping interest. NATIONAL SCHOOLS for 200 boys and 200 girls, in the district of Trinity Church, Lambeth.—These schools were to have been opened on Tuesday by the Archbishop of Canterbury, who bad given a portion of the grounds at tached to the Palace as a site ; but information having been received that his grace was unable to attend in consequence of an attack of scustsca, application w a s ma d e t o the Bishop of London, who immediately consented to perform the duty. STREET ORDERLIES FOR THE TOWER WARD.— A public meeting of the inhabitants of this ward was held Oft Tuesday, at the Board Room, Black Raven court, Seething-lane, for the purpose of considering measures whereby the ward may be cleansed by street or derlies. Mr. Alderman Finnis was in the chair, but there not being a sufficient number of gentlemen present to pro ceed to business, the meeting, on the motion of Mr. Bar kle.y, was adjourned to a future day. MANSLAISOHTIR AT MANCHESTER.—On Tuesday a charge of manslaughter committed under circumstances marked by great brutality, engaged the attention of the magistrates. The prisoners were two young men, named Win. Crank, or Grounds, and Thomas Price. A mere boy, named Moores, was also charged as an accessory. The name of the man whose death they were charged with was Wm. Grounds, step-father to Crank. The statement of the witnesses was to the effect that the prisoners were standing in Cumberland -street, where they resided, about 12 o'clock on Saturday night, and were singing and amusing them selves, when Grounds (the deceased) who was in a state of intoxication, and annoyed with their behaviour, attacked his step-son, and threw him down in the street. Grounds fell upon his step-son, and they struggled together on the ground for some time. The step-son was the first to get upon his feet, and calling the prisoner, Price, to his assistance, they both kicked the old man severely. A witness of the disgraceful scene states that he saw the step-son kick the old man upon the right temple, after which he groaned, and appeared to become insensible. Some bystanders interfered. The wife of the deceased asked them to carry him into the house, which they did, and he was then found to be lifeless. The boy, who appeared to be ten or twelve years old only, also attempted to kick the old assn, but did not succeed.. The magistrates committed the prisoners Crank and Price to ; the assizes for manslaughter, The boy was re man d e d, and I ultimately discharged. I