The Express. — London, England, 1848-10-16 00:00:00

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LONDON.MONDAY.OOTOBER 16. ALTHOUGH the question of the Moms tax may not be seriously discussed in parliament until the session after next, it is still incumbent on the middle dames sot to let the subject sleep, sines the two great mo dern arguments of bury and necessity turn out uni versally the most efficient onus for staving off end debating those popular demands, the fundamental Peace of whin. cannot be disputed. Lord J. Rus sets's (=MO for leaving temporary income subjected to the sum taxation as permanent income was, his inability to devise any fair scheme of distribution within the short limit of a twelvemonth. We moot take este to leave no minister such an ex cuse in I&SO. The memory of present and possible prime ministers (few they un fortu nately are) must be jagged, Y order that they may set their own brains, or the brained their many well-informed and web-endowed Mends, to work, and not come before the public, like the mthetitut. players, *eking leave to read their part, hided ad acting it. Fortunately, the thinking portion of the commu nity ere :wither idle oar inattentive. In addition to the societies established at Liverpool and else where for pointing out ways of public eco nomy, and throwing light upon financial reform, Mr. STUART MILL has treated the question of tannins at length in his great work whilst a writer of the whig party, in the last number of the Edinburgh Burnie, has ease forward with a special proposal for a scale of income tax, graduated indeed, but bounded above - and below by a mariminti and a nainensen. According to this scheme all incomes above 2,000/. a Jeer would pay five per cent., whilst for every 2.50/. km than this the tax should be diminished one-half Per cent. down to 230/, those between 2501. and 1004. receiving a further relief of one and a half per cent., exempting altogether incomes under 1001. a year. No one combats more strongly a graduated income tax, that is, " the levying a larger per engage upon a larger sum," than :Sir. MILL. But uhe proposes to limit the amount of property transmissible totem per son by bequest, and se he would admit the state to sham in the rise of valor, acquired by land for ex ample, throogh no efforts of its owner, but merely through the industry and wealth of the rest of the community, the burden of a large pvportion of en income tax upon overgrown properties need leas be mauled on in his system. And yet we cannot alto gether coincide with Mr. Wm.'s opinion. With out standing up for graduated taxation, geometrical et arithmetical, we agree with the Edinburgh 'Reviewer .hat the very rich owe more and can afford more in proportion to the state than the pomessor of humble income. The rich demand amore e: is and complicated protection for their property than the poor do, and the security which they derive for their wealth, vested u it may be a thousand ways, is many times more valuable and should be paid for dearer then the limited protection which the pocrenan requires. Look at the state of France and Germany, where a whin amount of protection has been withdrawn from priority. The rich have kat infinitely more in proportion than the poor, and would pay in fi nitely more in proportion to remover their ret security. More. ovec.taxing the very wealthy man is almostnecesiarily a tax upon income, whereas the taxes which Mr. Mu.L and Mr. Burnam would substitute, viz. the sub traction of a large portion of the sums des ce nding by inheritance, must in most cases be a confiscation, of capital. There is another question connected with the in come tax that Mr. MILL moots. Indeed, he not only questions, but utterly denies, the justice of levying mere upon realised property than al" property floating in business and employed in commercial transactions. A great deal of realised property, he says, exists in very small portions. Mists one of the strongest lemons for establishing that graduation of in come tax that Mr. MILL repudiates. But there is another and a very pregnant consideration 'which is, that the realised property of the country must be considered as more especially liable to the burden end interest of the national den, than the fruits of the industry of future generations. We are well aware that it would be impossible and unfair to tax the ranked property of the country, amounting to °net one hundred llions annually, with the interest of die national debt, which amounts to one-third of that gun. Bat we will my that the capital of the Bret gnats: of the mount century ought to pay a LlZtrials: f tlehat:4lnilervirtichwerheasteen= diem ce is in course of being seamed now. We my this, however, more in the way of diem den then fres a desire totem or to propose any ikon illtemato upon it. The riot, we think, and especially See risk of realised and permanent property, might to aiigentsr....gree t e insome-tax, moseething after that the nraxi .r i;;; 2ght be Ech ment u d r esighir up, end sze rn siit sn of 6,0001. a year be made to pay a greater per centage limn these of 11001. This should be to the meek peaky proportion, which poor . and Memo gq ever and drive the nob IR all terse on aseeerplisa When we moan that tea, ease, seer, temmited Eggers, sebum% end diluter = e :if popular semempties Swett one half of OW revenue—that is, the pear and humble con sumer, who is taxed 40, 00, 100, 1,000 per cent. as those items, of whisk the rich consume and an which they pay a emy trifling proportion — when the enengement Of the window tax, the stamp duties, end ea mew ethers are considered, all ezesepting large .fortness we mg the small — ea these eamMerausee we mg deemed e graduated Yams and a higher repeals& of direst taxation Ira the deb, es some esearmatien far the undue weight of Wired - lessities ea the poor. Some, indeed, wed reeeidi thinly ding away with Lodi. rat t adios eitsogemm. list what we have just said of the peeped:km of malted property even to the mire interest of the debt stews - this to be impossible. Who would timid'. altogether the tobacco duties, in friar to increase the iesems tax to 6 per cent., merely te replaoe them ? We are deemed for a too g time to raise the ter part of the seised income by indirect t. which mesas tied we are doomed to supply air enemas mirmileere by taxing the comforts and nessmeries of the peer. Nor is it the very poor who war meet from this, but the men of moderate earn !ad profits, the persons who earn or have from frr%s, ir to two or three hundreds. he gmeration of the middle, en ligMemd, pretend sesamereial dames—the very sue and beet et war soeiety, the great robin of opinion, and the ebment of the electoral body. This is the class which our fiscal partiality crushes and beeps down, tiebrutes and discontents, making them pay date kr peer and for rich, for the expensive follies of pest generations and the wilful extravagance of this. THE monthly bulletin of the Board of Trade conveniently calls attention to ore of the most remarkaqe festaree in the present state of our sommtrce. Everybody complmos —that is everybody who happens to be a seller—that everything is cheap. Cotton is cheap—so cheap that it hu well nigh ex terminated the race of Liverpool speculators : sugar is cheap—eo cheep that it has become a perfect mye ter, hnw the considerable shipments from Bengal are to be disposed of : wool is cheap, and so are all the materials which u dyes or chemicals enter so largely into the industry of the northern counties: flax ts cheap, and hemp is plentiful : indigo Is very cheap, and the plausible speculations, prompted by the explo sion of the Union Bank and the abandonment of the factoriea, so long fertilised out of the capital of that tottering c oncern, do not seem to be ia the way_ of easy _ .x seditious fulfilment. All, et neatly all. the =Habig adjuncts to our enter- PIN mid isigholity Whisk we import from the north admit of Swop an mask lower in price than they Irmo this time emblem& This is the ease with bellow, ark dumber, and wool, and cattle. Ac to cattle, the hisslawss dour own homesteads has almost sue =that infinite and amazing influx of Holstein mil Prussian sheep, the miter of which three yems ameesensiblydisturbed the peace of the gentle men 11.08111. The fact is now sufficiently plain,even to the eimaish, that the expense, toil, and heated d sisaveybag ships slow - p aced bullock from the banks of the Vistula, or from the centre of Silesia, h be itself a differential duty of no mean WorToe same law of low prices extends st how woe the commodities which we pro- MN hem the sham portion of North America and hen the soothers half of Europe. The silk of Lem bo* has mgerieuced even • greater depreciation tam taboos of Virginia; and the oils of Italy are ad Aim ikeirable description of property than the bigheads ot Climpesoby : and as if to deal out a rigid impartiality to the furthest corners and the moat familiar places of the mu th —to show no favour between Teuton and Tartar, or between • Kentucky meatter and • Minden ryot—the facts and the degree et decline are as applicable to the tea which comes trim Canton and the saltpetre which comes from Madras as to any of the other commodities included Is war outline. This is the general aspect of the case. But it would be • mode of reasoning but poorly suited to the subject, to be content with anything short of specific parallels and anthill. tied compwisons. This can be easily done. The following figures represent the prices of the several articles enumerated in the third week of September, 1847, and the correspond ing period of the present year. It would have been as easy to have pieced m juxtaposition the day on whisk we write and the same day of twelve months bask, but it would not have been a fair comparison, bums at this time of October, 1847, as many of its host distinctly remember, the entire trade of the country was on the high - r oad to ruin and confusion. Herr, then, are the figures: 7. UHL can= west 4.1. 1 t 044 Std. ...... lit to /144. Mae Fla W. to W. Limit ..... to W. UAW is. to es. Is. to to. 4.1 i. to 501. 1.1. to rte. ser Ns. to 4e. sa. to 445. Wool. Iltemis --... Its. to Its. Is to Is. gotiate.l,.—.. lb. to Its. to Ha ...... to lOat. 7d. to to W. = w k. P. • Tbses Metrostive extracts from the prices current of the two rare asset fully justify our description, and they _maids m is a great measure to solve a my a 1107_ which is awls rather too much of. Here it is said, " You have, month by mouth, an enormously extended importation of commoditier, and your export of manufactures is some four or five mil li/en below the mark of lest year. How is this to teed ? We are taking more and we are selling less— or, as the political economists my, the imports exceed the exports, and there must be a deepen= action epos the bank to pay the balance in gold !" Very tree. We are undoubtedly taking more, and we are undoubtedly sending leas away as to quantity, but bow stands the question of vales ? is it the tact that the four sad a half million cwts. of cotton which we have bought this year from America have cost us more than the three million cwts. which we bought m 1847 ? We very much dispute it. The quantity ay have in.—mat forty per cent., but the price has gone down fifty per cent. We consume a pound and a half of cotton where we consumed a pound, but we only spend sixpence instead of sevenpence half penny, and the same observationapplies with scarcely an exception to the whole circle of our raw materials . And it must be so; for it would have been not a marvel, but • downright miracle, if we had gore on for nine months with an increase in the value of the imports as prodigious as the increase in their hulk, and with a falling off in the value of the exports to the extent of four or five millions sterling without having found ourselves before now in the midst of an adverse exchange, and again upon the gridiron of the Bank Bill. But not only has the declension of price count, acted the migreientation of quantity, bid there has been the presence of another element of correction very rarely taken into account. If a Frenchman or an unlucky resident in Vienna or Berlin, who cares more for his money than for the revolution, sends 100,000/. to his London correspondent for investment in Consols, it is precisely the same thine as if a flack-', heat= clothier sends 100,0001. worth of woollens to 1 Havre or: Hamburg. The influx of foreign (capital produces the game effect as the efflux of domestic 1 , produce. Now, it is notorious that there has bus and that there is such an influx of capital. It wee this very circumstance which March last deranged the calculations of the jobbers, who had all become beam and suddenly convadei them into bulls —we employ the zoological semis. clature of Bartholomew-lane. And there is no reams to believe that the present posture of German politic will arrest a course of events which threatens toempty 1 the wealth of the centre of Europe into the cities of Holland, the Muds of America, and the trade 4 England. The relimels therefore of the extraordinary lay pekes at Furst prevailing is net very d s us. Aw e ha Semi a return of orinary eam Ott la eppnellh both. It cannot d be said ab that there * has e been sa seallneshe of superabundance, for of near et the eseemseles which are cheapest has there teas *ay cat seine lemesse of arrivals, compared with seems pees. liat while the arrivals have not hem unesasmsabie, the consumption of every part of *Ms. except our own islands, has been sadly below i l des mark. Here are the details. Of foreign and colonial pee l I duos arriving here in bond, we have exported (Ina. 1 1 I ti 8 •1 4 .0 : 1147. 11114. E oda. 811,775 ... ow ne. moms ... r i g awls. Male ... 1 raw lbs . 155.47$ ... WM Me. MOW ... ;WAN JIN AWN 41. 407 Aiwa. S saps WOO An smogs supply, and Imo tbs . ; an average re shipment. assisted only by a ham eessim pia et in different activity, has of warm regmested the re sides ea band; and as it is the mikes* hen& which has the coat, cc very nearly the meek to de with giv ing the tone to prices, we have masked the end et all that can be said in explanation et nhesseasna, no doubt here and there ineenesalwat, but en the ele d the greatest advantage to the eemmeres et the tIV. Foe what would have been the lens by this 7we bed bass kept as bare of raw materials, ma se deditate et estree, as we were a twelvemonth eVwe illy th e whilst man amongst us to declare. • mast net qsk these retaros without r4ening Ite the effect of a semis et war upon the navigation at 1 Abe disturbed conisteles. math is inwards . for 'one ISM. rst,. i„, ~...., a: Moir Odor Germs OWN lie Wes lieu is Anil dm Wowing figures represent the entries from 14 Is& to 6th Sept. in each year : 114$. MO. MK Dom& 143 7/1 1,1121 IMO Prue& Oita Moms Mier— 1,055 lON It.l stair MI In each of these instances we trace in 1847 the important influence of oar trammed importation of corn, and of the suspension of the laws of navigation ; and in the present year we see the almost complete paralysis whirl% has fallen upon the mercantile marine, and, as a consequence, upon i t mercantile prosperity of Germany and the states of Italy. THE EXPRESS, MONDAY RYBNING, OCTOBER , 16, 1848. IT will be seen by our Paris correspondence that General CAVAIONAC has taken the important step of associating with him in the government two states men, Memn. DUNMIRE and VIVIEN, who belonged to the Left Centre of the old monarchic chamber, and had been mini& rs of LOUIS PHILIPPL.—M. Du MAE, Minister of Public Works under Marshal 8011 LT; M. VIVIEN, Minister of Justice under M. THIESS. Ibis is the ant time that the republic, or its chief, has so far overcome republican scruples on one side, or anti-republican prejudices on the other, as to open the cabinet and the administration to the capable statesmen of the monarchy. M. DUTAURE is a man of high character for integrity and talent—sombre somewhat, and unpopular on that account—impracti cable too, perhaps, in many of his ideas, but he is, perhaps, the statesman the best fitted to give strength and character to the republican government. He is a man of too high hews, . istasorae, to accept office nailer one form of genernment is. order to befit"' or band it ever to abeam If the democrats are Sirius at M. Downes eppeintasiatt it would indicate that they preferred personal asses dancy and influence to the great gain of aoqtdeing powerful support to the republic. The ministry of the Homo Department was that I which went mast astray under the provisional govern ment. The appointments of M. I=lo- 1 Roman were miserable, those of his suesemer little better. M. DUNMIRE, se head of the d e = will cause his prefects, his ord and his Lion to be respeeted ;the and central preeminent will resume en influence over the provinces that iv had well nigh lost. M: Vivian's consenting to resume the poet of Minister of Justice, which he held in 1840, is another great acquisition. The department is of equal import ance with that of the Interior, in its action over the provinces, and equally requires en experienced and re spected chief. M. Vivien, of as high a character as his friend M. DUFAORN, is for more popular; and there are few personages in France more beloved, as well u esteemed, than M. Vivian. We cannot add that Messrs. DI/FAURE and Vivian are much attached to the English alliance. But present circumstances must have modified much of that rancour against us and our maritime superiority which M. IieVAINRE at least entertained. M. Du- FAURE is the statesman of the old left centre and of the present moderate party the most disinclined to fallow M. Tfiteas'a lead. And it is evident that the accession of two leading moderates of the old dynastic party to Oen. CAVAIONAC'S republican cabinet is not exactly what M. Thiene would have desired or room mended. However, the moderates, their club, and their large united party in the chamber approve of the asw combination, which may have the most importantresedts on the future fate of the republic, and even apes the election of the president. We should not be see prised if it even led to an adjournment of that election. One of the indispensable requisites, indeed, foe a fair election was, that there should be a firm, high minded, and respected home minister, whose fuse. tionaries in the provinces would preside fitly over so important an exertion of the national choice. Such an election is a very serious trial, not only for candidates and parties, but for the republic itself. And it was desirable that it should present itself to the suffrages of the people with a successful adminis tration, under capable and respected chiefs—as a re public in which the middle and enlightened classes had their due rank, influence, and representatives, instead of appearing as a clamorous crowd with a red ban ner, menacing the possessors of property, and with a military force, acting more as the police and the gaoler than as the guard and ornament of the republican WE have no wish to urge the Durham clergy, who are committing ecclesiastical waste with the mineral property of the church entrusted to their unsafe keep tug. into any unnecessary haste in coming to a de vision on the important question—what course they mean to pursue now that their legal misappropriation are as well known to the laity as to themselves ? But we must press on their attention the necessity of coming to some decision within a reasonable time, otherwise the Court of Chancery may be resorted to for the purpose of restraining their mal-practises ; and any injunction from that court would, on general economical grounds, be inimical to the public in terests, because of its tendency to restrict the quan tity of coal to be brought to market. The delinquent clergy must recollect that the ut most the case of " Jefferson v. the Bishop of Dur ham" decided was, that the Court of Common Pleas would not interfere to restrain the commission of ecclesiastical waste on the application of a stranger, or of a person not directly interested in the alienation of the prop . rty misappropriated. Bat, in giving this decision, Chid Justice Erne warned the church that " this heavy ecclesi +stical offence, *third all agree to be a cause of depriratio , n," was cognisable by others of the temporal courts. And we are informed that little doubt is entertained amongst legal practitioners that the Coati of Chancery might be successfully resorted to, even by a stranger. to remedy so public and crying a wrong. This appeal may, we assure the Dothan clergy, be made, if their conduct render it necessary. So, on the low ground of self-interest, the sooner they come to some decision the less likely are they to be involved in expensive litigation. There are yet spe culative attorneys in the profession of the law. Bet there is another business reason for an eaely settlement of this ques.ion. The Durham clergy, who have thus committed waste, do not, of course, work the minerals misappropriated themselves. They have leased the coal to some of those large coal owners or companies, whose great works illuminate the coal districts at night; and the lessees have laid out an enormous amount of capital in turning their leases to practical account. Now, it is almost none ' oeseary to remark that if the Durham clergy had no legal authority to open mines from which publicly to vend coals, they can have no right to authorise others to do what, done by themselves, would have been The consequence is inevitable that all lessee i l i s l y s t clergy of coal beds newly opened are invalid, and that for the property so laid out by their lessees there is no valid security. We restrict the remark to hams of newly-opened mines : for though morality will mike no difference the law may between newly gourd mime and mines which the present incumbents fed evened ; and it is just possible that legal imp-'! =easy also raise an exception in favour of mines by what is called out-stroke, that is, without breaking the 'lmam of church lands, but by a bore teem an adjacent mine. Still, making every snow man kr these exceptions, there must be, if the law in the awe d" Haight e. Merely" were to prevail, a great amber of coal leases in the county of Durham which marts of law would hold to be invalid instruments ; and ea their invalidity arises from the unjusti fiable practices of the clergy, so the clergy are Mod to do everything within their power to prated their lessees from their wrong doing. That can only be given by legislation on the sob O s t s trit is not for a moment to be supposed that pae>itlnetat will sanction the alienation d the ebonies capital which they have Una paslid ds z a. o. Ms gesand also, then, we claim as early The law which positively forts & the opening ef Woos on church property is so opposed to public vo lley that it cannot of coarse be allowed toontiass. It practically amounts to a denial of those admires@ with which the Almighty has blessed our coultry. Its abrogation is therefore indispensable; but the Isms on which the repeal is to be made are the MS- salty of the question. What justice and regard for Mare ages require is that the produce of church mines shell be treated m Mardi capital, shall be invested, and that the income only shall be resolved by the incumbent. Some of oar friends we know contend that every see should pay for its own *arch and disregard the wants of future times. But 1 oases the Durban slava in their distress seek for =tikon" redisele," we do not suppose they will ub and et in ens! society. And this pro vision fa Mere time to the mining districts really invokes a ageism and issioneholy feature in the ease. Par the day In ease when the coal in particu lar districts will be exhausted, leaving the surface revered with a crowded population of stunted forms, of gauge habits, and of unchristian lives--a popula tion asesoMmed to sabstential creature comforts, yet meat he any ether sort of occupation—distinct in their modes of life as in their ap pearance __ from the sur mending agricultural clue. This clir; May as yet be distant—but it is approaching. Let us be warned, and make some provision for it while we can. Evidence of the falsity of the excuse that the Du ham clergy were ignorant of the state of the law pours in upon us. We will give two instances of their knowledge. When the late Mr. Russeu was making the " Russell Wallsend " so famous that it has since represented not coal derived from mines is that parish, but coal of certain superior descriptions, he (towards the close of the last century) broke into the coal underneath the glebe of its incumbent. Os tensibly, he hat no rgreement with the clergyman,' but he remunerated him for the trespass by placing a sum of 1,2001. to his credit at a banker's. A know ledge of the fact came to the Dean and Chapter of Durham, who were patrons of the lining ; and they applied to the incumbent to have the money invested for the benefit of the living. Their application was refused. Where upon the Dean and Chapter consulted the late Earl of ELDON. then Mr. SOOTT, of the Chancery bar, as to proceedings in equity against the incumbent. And we are assured that, though Mr. SCOTT'S opinion was that the money so paid could be re covered from the incumbent for the church, yet he alsangly sesseemeaded the Dean and Chapter not to eseadoode IWldeedlatp, on the ground that they them mhos had adamadebd kindred illegalities ; so there liteme/i/der e h the erk t ietnies, a ease was submitted to the ensue Via-Maas:Moe of England when at the bar, with a must to advise on the legality of a lease of u nopened °al muss; and the opinion of that dis tinguished lawyer was against the legality, to which he added en mtimation that in cue of any such waste the Court of Chancery might be successfully re sorted to. When we can thus trace, from generation to genera tion, a knowledge of the law on the subject, we must be forgiven if we continue to refree our belief to the allegation of ignorance on the part of the existing race of Durham clergy. Now that our attention is turned to the Durham clergy, we take the opportunity of pointing out to tne ecclesiastical commissioners, if they are awake, another case in this diocese which requires their at tention. We find in the Durham Advertiser of last week the following statement : The mug of Banderlead la again vacant, the Rev. J. Rodeos. W.A., of Hezham, having on farther reflection of the heavy responsibilities of this 'centime benefice, dedinei to undertake its charge. The town and borough of what is commonly known as Sunderland is composed of the rectory of Sunder land and the perpetual curacy of St. John, containing 20,000 inhabitants, with an ecclesiastical income foe the incumbent of 3861. • year; of the perpetual curacy of Monkwearmonth, with a population of 13,000, and an ecclesiastical income for its incumbent of 2261. a year; and of the rectory of Bishop Wear month, with a population of 28,000, with an ecclesi astical income for its " prize " incumbent of 3,0001. a year, who his, besides, the patronage of three perpe tual curaeies in his gift, who, we need hardly say, is of aristocratic family, being no less a person than the brother of the Date of Weuirscros, and who, it is almost as cumecessary to add, being an arist ocrat, could not be contest with • paltry 3,0001. a year out of mother church, but has also a well gilt and very somnolent stall it. Durham Cathedral, and, when he comes south, is provided, as chaplain of the Chapel Royal, Hampton-court, with very pleasant apart ments in that agreeable and social palace, with an in come large enough, in the Bishop of LLANDAVeI opinion, to keep a brace of Welsh curates. The town of Sunderland thus composed has then a population of some 60,000 people, and the Church of England in it is endowed with about 3,6001. a year. But so perversely, so injuriously, so unchris tianly, is that sum distributed, that the incumbent of one of its parishes is entitled to upwards of two-thirds of the amount, leaving little more than 6001. a year to be divided between the incumbents of ita other two parishes. Mark the consequences. The rectory of Sun derland becomes vacant, and the patron, the Bishop of DURHAM, offerathe living to,we will assume in ignoranee of Mr. Memos, the most efficient clergyman at his dis posal ; and this gentleman declines to serve a rectory containing 17,000 people, with an income of only 3861.• year, on the conscientious ground of its " heavy responsibilities." Can any one blame Mr. Henson? Certainly not. For it is of course impossible to ade quately serve such a cure, requiring curates, for such • sum, and in refusing to undertake the duties be would have the means to fulfil, Mr. Iltaisos acted like an honest man. But now comes the question : What have the Be. clesiastical Commissioners, what has the Bishop of DURHAM done to remedy this grove, and scandalous, and most hurtful inequality ? What the case repiree is soobvions as to need no reflection. It is a re-parti don, quoed were, of the parishes composing the town of Sunderland such as has taken place in Leeds. There in deed Dr. hoof:, the vicar, did not let his pecuniary interests stand in the way of such a division ; he was content to lose income that the parish might be effec tually served. It is, perhaps, too much to expect that a noble clergyman should follow his plebeian example. But it is surely not too much to hope that after Dr. WELLESLEY ceases to be the rector of Bishop Wear month there may be a complete re-division of the town of Sunderland for spiritual purposes, and that the incumbents of the various livings to be so created may have something like equal incomes out of a com mon fund, to be constituted out of the wealth of one and the poverty of the other two parishes. FRANCE. PARIS, SATURDAY, 8.30 P Gen. Cavaignao having snow. ded in forming e cabinet by the tubetitution of MM. Dufaure, Vivien, and Fradon, for MM. Sewed, Vaulabelle, and Itecurt, a meeting was in consequence held by the club of the moderates, at which the moderate party concurred in this arrangement; and in order to give proof of their !pint of oonciliation they resolved to abandon their Intention, previously expressed, of opposing the re election of M. Marred to the presidency of the Chamber. It was farther decided that unless the clearest proofs were given of the safety and tranquillity of the capital the state of siege ought to be maintained. If, there fore, it should appear that Gen. Cavaignac were at all doubtful as to the safety of its discontinuance, still more if he leaned to the opinion that it ought to be maintained, the meeting resolved unanimously to sus tain it; and on the other hand, even if General Cavaignao should recommend its discontinuance, the meeting resolved that the grounds of such recom mendation should be investigated before adopting it. In short, the opinion of the meeting decidedly leaned to the maintenance of the state of siege for the pre ' sent, and probably even till a fixed and permanent government be formed. When the news of the appointment of Messrs. Vivien and Dame was circulated, an explosion of rage burst been every quarter of the democratic party in the chamber. The republicans of the neilk, the red republic, and the communists, rivalled each other in their denunciations. Menaces were openly made, and more than one of the retiring functionaries made no scruple to declare that the cause for which the people fought in February was compromised. Gen. Cavaignac was the object of unmeasured vitupe ration on the part of the democrats, as having been raised by the republicans on account of his name on the shoulders of them whose cause he now betrayed, and whom he expelled from power. Gen. amigos° is not insensible to this. His re solution was shaken by it, and it was even said that before midnight he had retracted and countermanded the insertion of the appointment of the new ministers in the Moniker of this morning. The Bien Public, the journal and. de Lamartine, in a P.S. dated a little before midnight, affirmed that the chef of the executive hesitated in the face of the manifestation of opinions which the announcement of his intended measures produced. The other journals, however, of this morning announced the appointments as settled, and that they would appear in the Monikur The Ifoniteur, however, appeared without the decree, arid the inference, of course, was that General Ca 's resolution had given way. In the course of this afternoon, however, a supplement to the Monleter was issued containing the appointments. On the announcement of the admission of the moderate party to offioe, and the expulsion of the 1 democratic elements of the cabinet, several function aries are reported to have sent in their resignations, the most important of whom is M. Dame, 'Minister of Police. The journals to-day add that M. Tri-uvet- Chaueel, Prefect of the Seine, has also given in his resignation ; but this is not correct. The ministry as it now stands is as follows : Marie, Justice; Bastide, Foreign Affairs ; De Lamo riciere, War; Verninac, Marine and Colonies; Da rwin', Interior; Tourret, Agriculture and Commerce; Freston, Public Instruction ; Goudchaux, Finances : Vivien, Public Works. Of these MM. Dufaure. 1 Vivien, Tourist, Freston, and De Lamoriciere, belong decidedly to the moderate party. MM. Marie, Bastide, and Gondchaux, are counted as republicans of the veilk, although M. Marie was not one of those who would have advised the transition to a republic in February. lie would have supported a regency under the Duchess of Orleans. The character and spirit of the new cabinet may be judged from this, and the unbounded rage of the republicans of the veille and the democrats, may be easily conceived. After the bureaux assembled to-day, each bureau appointed a member for the committee to receive the c ommunications from the government on the subject of the state of siege. This committee soon afterwards had a conference with Gen. Cavaignac, the result of which has not been yet made officially known, bat it had sufficiently transpired to be circulated at the Bourse, where it produced much uneasiness, not be cause of the maintenance of the state of siege, but be came of the +Maiden of Paris which produced so unanimous a decision. Gen. Cavaignac is said to have presented is tie committee a most sombre picture of the situation of Paris, and the committee determined almost unanimously to unite with the chief of the state in recommending to the Assembly to maintain the state of siege. Farther agitation was produced at the Bourn by the announcement that a general amnesty was con templated and even decided upon. This gave rime to a variety of reports and conjectures, one of which was, that the purpose of admitting the moderates into the government was to induce them to concur in an amnesty, after which they would be thrown overboard and replaced by the democrat.. The republicans of the reilk and the democrats have resolved to vote as one man against General Ca vaignao and thenew government. This party is going to opens new club at the Bazaar Bonne Nouvelle, to be composed entirely of members of the Assembly. the public will be admitted as hearers, and will be permitted to propose questions, to which the members will answer. This project has originated with M. I Learn Rollin. Soon after the appearance of the supplement of the Moniteur, which I have mentioned above, M. Poe tali. addressed interpellations to General Ce ntrum on the subject of the ministry. He demanded if the change of persons would be Mewed by a change of system. Explanations, he abeam& were so much the more necessary, as two of the new ministers had been already in OffiC3 under the az-king Louis Philippe. General Cavaignac re plied that yesterday the ministry had not been defi nitively formed, and could not therefore be announced that on Monday the government would demand a supply, which would necessarily produce an ocaudon for the most complete explanation, on which axed= he would ask the Assembly to declare clearly and ex plicitly whether the ministry he had chosen repre sented sufficiently the sense of the house. It is now generally understood that the princes of the house of Orleans renounce all pretensions to the throne of France, even if the monarchy should be re established, in favour of the Duke of Bordeaux. This measure is said to be based upon the supposed improbability of the Duke of Bordeaux having direct heirs, and that in that case the Count de Paris would necessarily succeed. Such an arrangement would therefore have no other effect than to postpone the succession of the Count de Paris to the demise of the Duke of Bordeaux. The trial of the action for defamation, brought by M. Ledru-Rollin against several persons, came on on Thursday before the tribunal of correctional police. On the first charge, against M. Canby, a verdict of acquittal was pronounced ; the second charge, against MM. Bignon, sen. and jun., Paulin, Troueasart, Basset, and Laroche, was dismissed as regards all the defendants except MM. Basset and Laroche, on the ground that M. Ledru-Rollin had laid a previous complaint before a Juge d'lnstruction, and which was in the course of inquiry, and, as regards MM. Basset and Laroche, on the ground that the defamation was against M. Ledru-Rollin in his character of a public functionary, and therefore not within the range of a --.tional tribunal. SUNDAY, 11.30 4.x. The soasmittee appointed to receive the communi cations of the government as to the state of siege met yesterday, as I told you, and received communications from Gen. Cavaignae. It is said that a resolution was come to that until Monday secresy should be observed, but the results of the conference were freely circulated and universally credited on the Bourse yesterday. There no doubt prevailed that the state of siege would be maintained. We find the following leading paragraph in the Monileur this morning: "Certain Journals assert that the raising the state of siege and the presenta tion of a decree ordering the insurgents of June con demned to transportation to be conveyed to Algeria, are the conditions annexed by the new ministers to their entry into the council. Thee measures were determined on since the vote of the proposition of Durrieu. They have, moreover, received the assent of the whole of the new ministry." M. Ducoux, Pref_ct of Police, whose resignation I have already announced, has been succeeded by M. Gervaiv (de Caen), whose appointment appears in the Muniteur this morning. The retiring functionary (a Moutagnard) partakes of the indignation of that party at what he considers treason to the republic, and has addressed to General Oavaignac a letter in timating as much. The party of the Palais Royal has vowed vengeance against the new government, and will join the ultra democrats of the Rue Taitbont, Montagoards, and Communists, in their endeavours to thwart and over throw it. It is strange that while M. de Lamartine has sat on his bench during the governmental crisis unemployed, it should never have occurred to one of his 899 col es that it was possible to bring him into the new combination. - The Minister of Justice declared in the Sallee des Conferences yesterday, that the proem against Bar bee, Albert, Louis Blanc, Cauisidiere, Raspail, and others, for the a ff air of th e 15th May, was now in so forward a state, that the " Jugs d'lnstruction " would deposit his report on Tuesday next, and that the Court of Accusation would take up the affair immediately. The party of the Montagnards intend to bring for ward on Monday a project of decree, signed by about 50 members, for a general amnesty in favour of all the political offenders since February. The democratic banquets of the red republicans keep their course. One has just taken place at Mont pelier, which has been signalised by even more than the usual violence. The guests on this occasion besides singing the " Carmegnole" and" Ca ira," con tinually cried, Vice Barbee! Vice ; Respell! Vice la rep oblique while! Vice L'Enfer ! Vice We= ! Vice 9S! Viva Robespierre! Vive la potenos! and in passing the church of Notre Dame, they shouted "A has les calotins! vice L'Enfer." SPAIN.—We have received the Madrid mails of the 10th. On the 9th the government received a telegraphic despatch announcing the capture of Escosura and Morena de las Penns at Perpignan, by the French authorities. Moreno de las Penes was at the head of the revolt of May 7. ITALY. Advice. from Leghorn of the 7th instant an nounce the arrival of the new Governor Montanelli, and his enthusiastic rece ption by the people. The Voncordia of Turin of the 11th has the follow ing :—The Franco-Italian legion of volunteers under Bonnefoud having offered its servile' to Charles Albert, the minister Pinelli, in a letter dated the god, states that be had communicated the offer of the services of the legion to the council of ministers, who were of opinion that the assistance promised by the French republic in ease the mediation should not lead to the establishment of a peace which could be honourably accepted, had rendered unnecessary the enrolment of any volunteers. GERMANY. THE STATE OF AUSTRIA. We have intelligence from Vienna up to 5 p.m. on the 9th inst. The court and the Emperor were, by latest ac counts, at Persenbeug, an imperial chateau near Maria Tater!, on the Danube. The Emperor having passed I through Sieghardskirche and St. Polten on his way. it was reported that the royal escort had been attacked and its further progress opposed. This rumour was based on the fact that the Emperor wrote from that place a few lines to the Minister Hornbostel inviting the latter to proceed to him, in order to countersign his manifesto. The latter has complied with his Ma jesty's request. The Diet has forwarded this brief note to Count Anersperg, which, brief as it is, shows that the Emperor does not intend to carry into exe cution the threat to seea " the means of freeing the people of Vienna from the yoke": hsa'y and ill-timed menace! The English ambassador has asserted that according to the law of nations no city can be bom barded whilst the foreign diplomatic corps are re siding there. This public declaration has removed many apprehensions. It is now certain that Jellachich, after having crossed the Leiths, was drawing near to the capital An estafette had been despatched to the Emperor, requesting him to order the Ban of Croatia not to advance any further. At 4 p.m. on the 9th, the po pdat'on were called under arms, as it was announced that Jellachich was only one league from the capital. Kossuth has an army of 60,000. He was close to Freeburg, and followicg on the heels of his slippery antagonist. Vienna was in a stete of defence. The Diet had invited the Emperor to re.urn. The Minister of Justice, llerr Bach, has been a r . rested. Up to the Bth thy barricades were still stand ing. The committee of safety had been incressad to twenty members, one third of whom were to hold permanent sittings. The newly elected mum* council had also declared itself (according to the i e . 'traction of the Diet) en permanence. Count Anersperg, the military commandant, re. mains in the vicinity of the city, but he had declar e d that he would refrain from all hostilities, unless he wee attacked. Several soldiers stationed about the Bel. videre and the Schwarzenherg garden were fired on in the night and killed. Two companies of grenadi ne had deserted Count Anersperg and, oined the peopl e . The Diet has declared itself a sivereign one, and has entrusted the formation of a new ministry to Dobblhof, Kress, and Ifornbnetel. A coneiderable number of students have arrived inVienna from Gram. The university was still the head-quarters of the democrats, and a whole army was lodged there or is the offices. Judging by the consumption, there ie., it appears, no lack of food in the city. In fact it is stated that the peasants are continually flocking into town with provisions which they make over to the students for distribution. The arsenal and all the houses near it, including the banter, Eskeler's, bear many marks of the obeli. nate contest which ended in the surrender of that establishment to the people. In entire streets there is not a house without broken windows. The bastions are still in the hands of the people, as well as the 46 pieces of artilb-ry stationed on them. All those gm are pointed towards the poets occupied by the troop of Count Auersperg. It is now calculated that the number of persons killed or mortally wounded on the 6th and morning of the 7th, is about 'JOO, including the military. The following placard has been issued by the aca demic legion : Citizens—These are dangerous times. We solemnly urge the people to 1w caw ions ; we beg of them not to place faith in any secret document which mar have been, or which may be, eirculived amongst them. Believe in no placard whisk is not addressed to us by the Diet itself. The Diet watches, father like, over us; and so loeg as peace is not secured, we must trust to it alone. The Mechanics' Union of Vienna has forwarded an address to the Diet, thanking it for taking the rudder of state into its hands, in the present days of danger, and expressing the resolution to defend it against at. tacks, from whatever quarter they may come. In a placard addressed to the members of the two corps of national guards who fired on the people, it is stated that only a portion of those corps were implicated in those events, and the remainder are invited to join the people. Important papers were seized on the per. sea of the unfortunate Minister of War, or in his desk. They show that he was in close communication with Jellachich. The persons who killed him openly boast of the act. In fact they can hardly do otherwise, after the Diet has declared that the deed was only " a terrible kind of self-aid "—thereby asserting that the perpetrators were facto pia et seeterati entlem. The printed lista of the killed give 96 names, in. eluding that of Prince Sulkoweki, a young Polish nobleman. It is thought. however, that the number of deaths is four times the above amount. Not less than 36,000 guns and several thousand pistols fell into the hands of the people by the surrender of the arsenal. The Wiener Zeitung (government journal) of the Bth announces that the Emperor has gone to Linz. The town of Preeburg forwarded on the Bth an address to the Austrian Diet, informing it that Jella chich bad threatened to bombard the place, and asking for aid. It was resolved, in reply, that a communica tion be sent to Presburg and another to the Ban of Croatia, to the effect that although the present abode of the Emperor was not known, the government would beg of him to oider Jellachich to refrain from all hostilities. This reply to the address of the inha bitants of Presburg will certainly not be considered an over-satisfactory one. General Count Auersperg has informed the Diet that be will hold it responsible for the surrender of the arsenal and the seizure of the arms. The following is a letter from our correspondent at Berlin, which, as it is chiefly occupied with Austrian affairs, we place under this head : Beaux, OCT. 11.—In so far as can be gathered from the statements of the journals and the accounts of travellers from Vienna, it would appear that the in introits were j.,'ned by about 1,200 men from the fol. lowing regiments : —The Grenadier divisionsDentsch mister, lirabowelty, Ceccopieri (districts of Vienna, Linz, and Lodi), the Italian Grenadier battalion Major Loben, the Ceccopieri regiments Albrecht and Wimp ffen, and Born:. artillerymen. The force in Vienna exclusive of these, consists of the Academic Legion, 3,000 to 4,000 men ; National Guard from 5,000 to 10,000 men ; peasants, 5,000 men ; from 20 to 30 field guns, without equipage or ammunition ; and a few civic and imperial artillerymen. In this force is not to be found an able officer, and there are but short provisions. Money is scarce, but this is remedied by the soldiers being quartered on the inhabitants. The cuirassiers, and the rest of the garrison, remained faithful to the Emperor. They number 6,000 men, with a good deal of artillery and ammunition; 6,000 men are understood to be approaching from Bruck on the Leitha, 1,500 from Moravia, 4,000 from Cracow, 3,000 from Prague, 3,000 from Gratz, and 2,000 from Linz, in all 17,500 men. The whole of the party of i the right in the national assembly, which s now scattered in Breslau, Prague, 011mUte, Brian, and Linz, will join the Emperor. Whilst Jellachich will send part of his force to Vienna, he will probably himself remain on the defensive near Ofen until affairs are settled in the capital. 200,000 Russians are it is certain ready to "upport the Austrian aristocratic and military party. According to my latest intelligence Count Anerspeeg has declared Vienna in a state of siege. The Diet is said to be in great fear, and the party of the left, especially in trepidation, so much so, that it desires to treat. This is, however, only reported. The Ern peror, with Jellachich, Windischgristz, and Stadion are in Persenbeug. Berlin is quiet. Herr Von Vincke is to arrive here to-day to take the lead of the right in the National Assembly. The parliamentary majority for General Merl ministry is increasing. The Prince of Reuss has resigned in favour of the Prince of Schiele. The town of Strelitz is said to be burnt. The birthday of the King on the 15th instant will be celebrated by the constitutional party, but the democratic party rill make a republican demonstra tion on the occasion, and should we happen to get good weather (it reins to-day) a conflict is to be feared. The troops will be consigned to their barracks. The cholera is again increasing in virulence; 31 new cases are reported to-day. In Dalmatia an insurrection has taken place, the scene being the province of Cattaro. The insurgents had joined a body of Montenegrins, 1,600 strong, and given battle to the imperial troops on the 28th and 29th of September. The commandant of the district, Chick, was killed. The insurgents are represented as 1,000 strong. PORTUGAL. The Oriental Company's steam packet Jupiter, Captain F. Meehan, arrived at Southampton yester day. and Isnd.d her mails under the charge of Lieut. W. P. Newenham, R.N., Admiralty agent. Her dates are • Gibraltar, Oct. 6th ; Cadiz, Oct. 7th ; Lis bon. Oct. 9:h : Oporto, Oct. 10th ; and Vigo, Oct 11th. She brings 37 packages of specie on freight. The suspected Spaniards at Cadiz and its neigh bourhood are being most suddenly taken up at all times of night and day and shipped off for Manilla. No reason is assigned for the arrests, nor any cause given : 380 left Cadiz lately in one ship, and more are to follow soon. Freights are in consequence high, and shipowners making a good market of their ships. A vessel with refugee Spaniards bad lately been Dent out of the Bay of Gibraltar by Sir R. Wibon,ac companied by the Polyphemus, as far as Tarifa, and as the Polyphemus appears to have anchored off there the authorities at Algeciras had it that it was a plot of the English, in concert with some disaffected trop' at Tarifa, to capture and hold that fort, and it is strongly spoken of in the papers. The Governor of Algesiras bad communicated with Sir Rober t Wile on the subject, and had strengthened his lines of men tries round the neutral ground. The Portuguese government have ordered tiro frigates from the ordinary to be towed down to the mouth of the Tagus as lazarettes anticipatory of the cholera. Some sergeants and corporals of the troops at Corunna, who were found to have been tampering with other soldiers, had been arrested: one sergeant was shot, two more exiled, and the remainder ac quitted. A civilian, who bears the rank of genera/ (an honorary distinction), took his passage home II '1 the mull of t mod,