The Express. — London, England, 1851-03-08 00:00:00

' THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, MARCE 8, I:85.1. LITERATURE. l and what is not, and the true application of scientific evidence in patent cases. On these subjects, Mr. Spence, who is the author of a well-known prnetimil. Patentable Inrritimu Srirolik Eriderier. By Wit- work on the specification, has expressed himself very • LIAM SPENt E, An , or. 1114. . E. - author of A Treatise on the Specification," &c. London: Stevens and N ,rton. clearly, and, as we think, with a result very useful' to all those who may have occasion to refer to the After a lull of some years the rights of inventors works. are aguin attracting attention in this country; we The points treated of are purely technical, and may say - in this country emphatically, if we atomic, cannot be said to bo of public interest, for which bemuse in the United States, France, and ether reason we cannot dilate upon them, but we may refer civilisedeountries.theyhavelongsineebeenaseertained to Mr. Spence's book tbr a delineation of a system of and acknowledged; in thin country, Itussia, and we abuse which discredits our courts, and will be readily believe Turkey, they depend for their acknowlolg- •, recognised by the reader. Unflinchingly exposing a mint upon the arbitrary will or enactments of the scandal, of which the patent agent is often enough government. The excitement of the Exhibition, the . the indignant spectator, Mr. Spence goes on to re prominence given to industry, may fur a time gain murk : attention for the claims of English inventors, but ' The discovery is often made by the judge in proceeding to w, v ed u t p he ttec u rpence, that the scientific witnesses have With experience before us we may reasonably fear that no efficient relief will be given, and that the I :, a g perpiesin.l4. t hat question will be either indefinitely adjourned, or in- the direct answer to the questions pat to such witnesses has adequately met. That enterprise: has prospered in admitted statement, which did not exclude error. The this country has been not in virtue of our Levis- witnesses in such cases gave answen to the questions that were true considered affirmatively, but they contained no tarpon, but in despite of it. in the some d enial of tiered error: t..a to so r,,u n that the hs the t witnesses ' being re way that our trade has thriven in despite of pro- apee neve ra y quo nd w h ich they could toetiun, bounties , and fi scal restrictions; our cotton attest , mere their testimony accordingly, but did no more: prints, paper. ghost, beer, carriages, and other menu- hence the discrepancy eluded to. factures, in despite of the excise; so has capital been It is secretly to be expectcsl that scientific witnesses Are likely to lead counsel in such . a manner as to suggest the succesefully applied, although cramped hy bad cur to elicit - rency regulations and inadequate laws of awewiution. m e7m t p tree " i s n eis e t n e t m r. e ' n n i; o a f tsirt !rt n o ire ! t t i lat ni tTe t Thus, too, has invention been excited, and our eosin- common injunction to onlinmy witnesses to give direct an try advuneed to the supremacy of mechanic art, in 'Wen to the questions of counsel can he readily and per defiance of all the discouragement that defective and Pluzingly complied with liy beientilic witnesses, who, from f . n.au:; . i s t k p i va t i j e t e the —itn dishonest legisles6m and u d m i n i strut i un of the law proof "*a:-I:t'theh':WoirtasecoV;ihde de •ll7 create. If we have carried the steam•engine eiamining counsel, should be be all weak on the t scie c ntinO and the locomotive to perfection, and the iron mann- points ra is e d at t h e trill. facture to it, greatest height, we must not forget that It will hence appear that apparent misstatements on the part of scientific witnesses are not always real ; at any Watt's first patent became waste paper, and that a ;s t ew . , as t e o t iavolve acts r oVelsebood committed by them : powerful combination of the fornish proprietors, et. mit is very likely to prdu . ce ex conducted by their creature, Ilorublower, involved ~„7,„t ra n, .17,,T I c ort: this is not to be justified in any bins in the meshes of a natty litigation. The early &zees. patents of Treyithick and Stephenson for the Iciest- The oliservations that bare been made apply equally to motive never brought them the patent fees; and witnesses called on behalf of plaintiff+ and of defendants neither of these gnat men wan able to take out a -- " kno ' f wi lr:Lu t t ` t V e a r , n t nal kind °f .I:ia c tes.ts ; it is well" another r" ..t tze s d e ck a n t d i .% m ast patent in his own name, but was obliged adapted for the plaintiff, and an ". “t , in surrender a considerable portion of his property R patent cause. 't he man skilled in the power of expanding to n capitalist, to enable him to raise the little narrow points suits the plaintiff, mil he who can multiply fortune of the patent fees. 'Hie idea of exacting Plausible objections to the invention as a substantive tiling sorts ro tlic . :l t e i f o ild t a h n e t. tw lk , :o7 , :lic t s i ta , te ! of things which fosters from a poor working man like George Stephenson three or four hunted pounds fur is patent, man- intri g esereise has a tendency to Zilis 'r t ' i e t i ute ‘Y a te n tua ar t t k o 4 r ilY s c alled cieie stream. Accordingly he got no patent fur the of giving evidence for a plain disclosure of facts. safety lamp, and would have received no public rewind bud it not been for the liberality of the coal- . owners in raising a liullecription fur him. The history of the iron trade likewise eitlbrds its comment on the patent lime. The penalty imputed upon Neilson for I the invention of the hot-blast was law costs to the extent of scores of thensands, and although he ulti mutely succeeded, the ordeal was a perilous one. Oran, in the umiliention of anthracite to blunting, was met with nu less persecution. For the dee covery of the Neckband iron-stone, which leas like wise ken the means of keeping thousands of nun in employment, Itishert Musket could lint take out a jeattot, and has received no reward from the legislature. lkath, who by the improve ment of oar steel has liberated us from de pendenee on the Swedes, and given a new im ptus to the cutlery manufactuns of Sheffield, is subject to the actandomed trentment, and is now Going through his comr in the courts of law. . We have enumerated only a few seises, but in several of these, and we may name Watt, Neale" Crane, and Ileuth, the inventors art- allowed to be set at detianee by combinations of the very men whom they have benefited, and who, by forming a coin mon purse, are enabled for year to carry on a costly litigation in the Cluowery and common law courts. the (curt of Scission, mid the house of Lords. All that Watt asked fur his nimmetnetion was one-third of the fuel he 'saved by his inventions; Neilson asked the like; Heath, If. per ton, when he nslueed the price by 2111. These benefactors asked only a por tion of the saving which they effected; but the mine owners, the iruninunters, aud the steel manufacturers after a time grudged even that pittance; and, after asserting first that the respective inventions were impracticable and worthless, afterwards, when they pirated them, set up that they were not original, or that the patents were void on technical grounds. If a pitent is unprofitable the inventor is mulcted of several hundred pounds by the government ; it profitable, then he is, by the machinery of the law, stripped of Isis profits by pirutes. In a country priding itself on its high position in the industrial wale, mid bonding of its common Renee, such a state of attiiirs wiles monstrous ; but it is warmly less Anima. that the patentee is made to contribute to the official pay of the Attorneys and Solicitors General of Englund and Irehend and of the Lord Ad vocate of Snalund and their clerks, of the clerks of the privy wetland Nig,net, and of a host of chaffwaxes, sinecurists, fee„ end is further mulcted fur the fee fund mead consolidated fund, the total taxation of pateutees being not kse than 100,901. yearly. For this, be. it nmembered, the putentee gets no benefit at all, fur such title 116 he gets is only a title to liti gation. In maturing his invention and plasm ing his specification the government render hum nu assistann, and inflict oil him expense-. The English patentee eanuot even refer to an index of patents, while. the American patentee, who pays shillings where ours pays pounds, has his contribu tiuns laid out fur his advantuge. The American, government provide out of the patent fund an index of laments, u ventral record o ffi ce, u museum ll of models and drawings, a library, and the Desistance of competent scientific exaniiners of specifications. The yearly report of the American Commissioner of Patents is one of the most valuable docutuents publieheel in the United States. It forme a yearly reeunl of the prugnss of every depurtinent of agn culture, mining, and imenufactures, and it liberally supplied not only to Anieriesit tiewepapers, institu tions, and libraries, but oleo to those in Europe, and to the most eminent scientific men. Alseken Dunsestic rook sr,. By a Lady A New Edition, with illustrative ruts. Murray. At this peritl, when the approach of the great glomeration of all nations is suggestive of alarming onslaughts upon our own natiuual customs, which are already being knocked down one by one, like MO many skittles, u new edition of an old-established favourite book about English cookery is peculiarly seasonable. Of the multitude of changes which we are to experience in the course of this eventful year, the gastronomical science will certainly have its share. Ate for French cookery, that is nothing new. Who among Englishmen iu the present day has not, under the influence of something good or something bod— ed curiosity, dulness, debt, or dissipation, been Induced to pay a visit to Paris ? Or if any exist who cannot be included in this category, who has not dined with the elegant Very, or, at any rate, with the bawdy and economic Bertolini? or, amongst those who have higher aspirations, who has not tried the magnificent Gunter, Iron, whom—by paying a little fortune for it —one may get as good a dinner as can be obtained at the Tress Freres, or anywhere else wider the sun. French cookery, then, is not the subject of our alarm. It is the cookery of "all nations" that we have to dread ut the impending crisis ; for, if all nations come among us and create a demand, it would be very unlike the nineteenth century nut to furnish • supply. Now, moat of our readers must be aware that there exists a nation (one of the Orinoco tribes, we believe) who, having with the rest of him= nature, sprung from earth, make a point of eating their minima parent in the attractive form of clay, which they bake iu little halls, as boys make marbles. This peculiarity is shared more or less by several nations, and surely this popular habit will be cutitled to some gratifica tion ut our hands. Then there are some African tribes who fast on gum ; others upon ants, which is so popu lar a dish that it,, absence might laid to the must dis awtruus results. Bees have their votaries in Ceylon, and spiders in New Caledonia. How are these to be pre- Med in sufficient number. To the locusts and crickets of eastern nations, allusion need scarcely be made; suet centipedes, lizards, and serpents arc also well known to be extensively eaten an food. There is a species of moth, found, we believe, in New South Wrales, that is also a favourite viand among the na tives, but it is doubtful whether even free trade will induce merchants to undertake the task of importing it. The grasshoppers and silkworms, so popular among the natives of Madagascar, will also be found difficult to supply. The birthiests, dogs, slugs, and snails for the Chinese, may, perhaps, be easier to ac complish. However, we nerd go no deeper into these specu lations. M. Soyer has annouuced a " Symposium of all nations," at Gore-house, and it may be antici pated that he will provide fur these little difficulties. Ile has certainly au onerous and delicate task to per form. and we wish him all the success he deserves. While admitting the excellencies of French cook aud evincing a toleration worthy of for the gastronomical idursyneracits of the eternal " all na tions," we have yet one word to say on behalf of the cruelly condemned cuisine of our own country. The I French, to be sure, raise the science to a dignity that it can never attain in England. It is not probable that an English cliff ever shot himself through remorse at a professional failure; and the story of the Parisian fluorine! who (s em milted suicide on account of the outrage offered to the delicacy of an ortolan (that modest little bird, us he said, has ing been stripped of its feathers, and then served up sons papier) can have no parallel in this our colder elimo. Much, however, may be said in favour of our national cuisine, if we take into con sideration the tastes and temperament of the people, and the climate in which they live. The higher classes in all countries lose to a great extent their notional characteristics. Two ambassadors from two different European courts meet in the same draw ing room, talk the sante language, wear the same costunue, and even in manner and deport ment may easily be mistaken for countrymen. lint take two peasants or shopkeepers of the same respective nations, and the incongruity is absurd on the face of it. It is on the same princi ple that French cookery, though familiar us a house hold word to the upper classes here, is not making its way among the great mass of the population, notwith standing that it is sufficiently simple and sufficiently economical to be practised, and paid for, by all. Nur should this be a mutter of regret, for it is certain that if their instincts do not lead them to cultivate an elaborate coisia.., it was never intented by nature fur their subsistence. For our part we arc quite content to be within reach of a French hotel whenever the humour seizes us, and mean time to give: all honour to our own dear indigestable dinners, which we confess we can enjoy at most places ranging from ]fond-street to the Strand—from the fashionable to the frugal—from Long's to Short's. There has been a great deal said of late in favour at volumes, on the French cuisine; but, after all, we may heartily and safely commend to English house wivery this new edition of an English cookery book. It tells plainly what plain folks wish to know, and points out how an excellent dinner may be best se cured without loss of time, cash, or patience. We have nothing to boast of in the organisation of our patent , paem, we have c,erything to be ashamed of, and whatever may be our suiwrionty in industrial pursuits. we may feel in the competition which free trade has caused throughout the world, and the triumph of which in to to be inaugurated in the Great Exhibition of this year, a new era has begun fur which we cannot be too well prepared, by remov ing every restriction on the skill of our imventors and the energies of our capitalists. Among such measures. patent law reform, however inconsiderible it may be, is not the least valuable. The mighty revolution in which we arc now actors, owes its origin and its progress to humble inventor'. Watt, in his workshop at Glasgow, laid the foundation fur , the new cities of Lancashire and Lanarkshire, with all their vast results. Trecithick and Steplwnson, in rude machines for hauling coals, showed the germ of the railway system which creases Europe from Caleb", we mar almost say from Aberdeen, to 'frieste, and soon will from Bordeaux to St. Petersburg; which cream-. the States from Maine to Louisi ana, and will, ore long, from New York to Ban Francisco. Fulton and Bell launched on the Hudson and the ('lyde the rude models of the giant racers which have brought New York as near to London as the capital of lorkshire was in the time of our great-grandfathers. In the study and in the lec ture-room, in theoretical disquisitions and toy models, began those inventions which, in the hands of Cooke, Win atstune. Morse, and Bain, have promised us the mean, of making our words overcome space, and almost compete with time. Perhaps .at this hour some poor student or humble mechanic is maturing inventions which shall produce a greater and more permanent influence on the destinies of man than the sword of Wellington or Napoleon, the compact of emperors, the combinations of statesmen, or the vic tory of popular violence, can effect. From this contemplation, it is a sudden fall to the living world of chaffwaxes, attorneys clerks, and ebaneery cormorant., but it is one which must be made, and the public who will, in the coming summer, boast to foreigners of Watt, Trevithiek, Arkwright, and Stephenson, gloat over our public works, and re commend a visit to the tubular bridge over the Menai, the hydraulic pile bridge over the Shannon, or the Skcrrron lighthouse, had better say the least they can about patent law to our American cousins and French friends, and all they can to our own members of parliament. The system, we may rest assured, is rotten in every part, not merely in its scat oppression of tho inventor, but throughout its' administration. In the work before us we hart ono dour regularly-trained and intelligent patent agents, albeit eschewing the eubjeet of patent reform, de voting himself in this day to the diminution from u sham of decisions the principle of what is patentable At length Mr.. Sandboys, who two or three times had for the farces they enact: we are impressed with a just herself from falling almost flat on her mare whilo sense of their actual existence in the present, so that the dilapidated chair, begat to be fairly tired the impossibility or improbability of the contingen- out; and Cursty, who had sat on the top of the beer-barrel cies and mishaps which befall them strikes the render till his legs were nearly cut through with the sharp edge of more as untruth than as farcical force. Let two the hoop, round that it was impossiale to continue his slum- quotations illustrate this jarring of the real with the hers in oes inconveuieut a posture, so he took his fat and dozing little wif u in his S, and standing once more on unreal : the trestle,, fairly lifted her into the hammock ; after which, THE BUTTEENIERE PHILOSOPHER. ..,. seizing the chain that hung from the iron plate in th' pave- Mr. Sandboys prided lameelf on bring a " bit of a palm meet above, he with one desperate bound swung himself by sopher." Ilia great weakness consisted in his imaginm her side into the hammock. strength of mind. In his college days at St. Bees he . In a few minutes they were both foot locked in slumber ; I been charmed with the classic chronicles of Grecian sten fi.....orwimohienarelnet.. tiandboys, but Cursty's repose was destined to be of short duration • cism and Roman fortitude , and ever since had Iseen entice shaking him violently, roused him vouriug to talk himself, out of all feeling and affection, into , the hero. To his great self-satisfaction, he now believed he m ''' " lap wathee i-up will:tee! the be summet barites I could bear any stroke of fate, however severe or unexpecte d, a -crawling over my face, Cursty. Ah, these baleen beds ! ; without so much as a wink of his " mind's eye," and he Well be heath yeeten up, alcyvc, if thee stops here, i flattered himself that he lied arrived at that much-to-be-de; cunt „„ sired rtate of insensibility which would enable him, like Ani so saying, she gave her lord and master so stout a I lluttennere Brutus, totand his own son Jobby over to the thrust in his hack, that drove his weight to the edge of the Carlisle hangman with no more compunction - as he de hammack, and again brought him rapidly to the floor. lighted to tell that young gentleman, much to his horror- Mrs. Sandboye, in her, fright, soon followed her hus- 1 than he would take one of his " lean sheep" to Lanthwaite baud ; and then nothing would satisfy her but she must green fair. have the whole of the bedding a nd clothes turned out on And yet, truth to say, the heart of the heroic Mr. Sand- the ground, aid minut e ly examined by the light of the boys was as soft as new bread, though he would have had rushlight. the world believe it was as hard and dry as sea biscuit. But Mr. Sandbar., already deprived of the half of his If Cursty had any mettle at all in his constitution it was e night's rest, was in no way fi t for the perflormance desired that particular kind of " fusible alloy" which melts at th by his wife ; and, in order to satisfy her guldens, he proposed least warmth, and loses all consistency immediately it gets that the mattress alone should be replaced in the haiumock, into hot water. and then she need have no fear. verse No metahuman nature physieian has eve f r yeties ex itphas lained wh l taley poor p er. Mrs. Sondboys was herself in no humour to hold out &away. anc a speciant for against so apparently rational a proposal ; and, having con doing something the very opposite to that in whiah it hap canted to the compromise, there began the same series of pens to excel. Doubtlessly, if cite truth could be kno wn , . arduous and almost perilous struggles to ensconce their we should find Sir John Herschel secretly regarding . him; two !eaves once inure in the interior of the hammoek. self as a small astronomer, but taking great pride in la After !several heavy tumbles o n both side s , Met breaking imitation of fr ying sausages ; and Faraday thinking little f the rusty iron chain which served to hold down the circular of his discove ries in diamagnetism, but thaterina himself trap in the puvement above, the worthy couple did O ft be he could palm a pea better than aloe hmbgger in mately manage to succeed again in their courageous under tae kingdom. l'rofesaor Owen, fur we know, may taking ; and then, fairly exhausted with their labours, they despise himself as a comparative anatomist, but think Lir closed their eyes just u the blue light of day was showing front meanly of his abilities as a player on the bones, and through the riaricv of the coal-cellar door. Archbishop Whately, in his own eves, shine Iva in 'ogle Ts than in the mixture of a lobster laid, of he Cumberland couple had continued their root id, or the brewing turbed some few hours, when Mrs. taandboys was ato undi ned whiskey punch. bio , hearing the circular iron trap moved above her head. Even so was it with Mr. Cursty Sandboys! Naturally S o woke her husband with a violent shake, telling him, as kind-hearted, and weak almost to an extreme, he conceited soon as she could make him understand, that she was sure himself that he was firm and inmenrcablo., amid the atones friends of life, as a human lighthouse, or as light-hearted and lively *wine of her nuke a eleacent through the pavement into the bubterra in the midst of all his " n t -and-dnwna- as the nean hed-chamber. celebrated old buoy at the Nona Sighing he coveted more Mr. Sandboys was no sooner got to comprehend the rinse than decision of character, and yet no mom wits inurt. untie of her alarm, than he saw the end of the chain lifted up, aided. Theoretically he was steel, but practically he wait onarease-hanlened with a surface of philosophy. and the trap removed front the pavement above them. Instinctively the couple rose up in their bed, and leant There is not one stroke of the caricaturist in the their heads forward to ascertain the precise nature of the above description : it is a careful bit of observation impending danger. Suddenly they were startle•l by a gruff and investigation, picturesquely written down ; but voice from above, shouting " Bee-slow," and immediat.ly a if it were possible or even hur, to detail the mar- there descended through the round hole at the top of the venous misfortunes and blunders which are made to ce llar a shower of large and small coals, the noise of which completely drowned their cries, and beneath which they stand upon the road of the Sandboys, the utl ,,,e '-y Con - wore lamest buried alive. trust already alluded to must strike every u • rver. Beare they could extricate themselves from the black Passing over the pocket-picking, the false directions, mass, that nearly filled their hammock, a ser w rondo e hsw i e e r w o ot f and other calamities by means of which this un- :W , a n lis: or Eg e l i as c potßePd o down .re i. upon then frewi i I the k!t.hen that the happy family is drugged to remote corners of the oe:, 1,0 1 der a l as a l!adj tx. t to shoot observing half ton she had ordered country-to Manchester, and finally to London---a ''' . e .: the previous evening to be delivered early that morning picture of the probable or improbable state of London into Mr. and Mrs. Sandboy's hammock , that worthy couple lodgings throughout the ensuing summer, is gro- assuredly must have perished in the dusty, gri my ae loudly tesquely drawn—the Saridboys figuring as the mu- Mrs . Fokesell rushed into the area, cru d_ out teal group of sufferers: the man to hold back the third sack, which he hail J ust !mawd over the hole on his shoulder, previnue to discharging • LODGING FOR EXHIBITION VISITORS. '. Its Contents on the bodies of the unhappy Sendboys, and Arrived at the reeeidence of the lady indicated by the gen- tearing open the door, delivered the blackened and the Semen who superintended the supply of provisions to the bruised couple from the perils of their wretched situation. inmates of the Bull and Mouth, Mr. and Mrs. Sandboys I were asked to stop into the passage (the lady apologising fur This is d b 11which, • farce, un ou tei y a Beetle tu a the parlours being both till!), and there Mrs. Fokesell, would be loudly welcomed; and it is fairly notice whose husband, she was happy to say, was at sea, informed able as a specimen of genial humour, but compared them, to their great horror, that she had only one hammock with the description of the actors who figure in it, it left unoccupied; and if the lady and gentleman thought ~. hardly artistic. . Comedy characters are insipid in they could make shift in that until such time as they meld :a ascot with anything better, why it was at their service for nurlesque. As an instance of well-coloureil and well eye shillings a night. 'the young lady and the remelt. see- totted description, stands the following account of vent, Mrs. Fokesell might perhaps accommodate in her bed, MANCHESTEII DESERTED. and if the footman wouldn't mind lying on the kaife board and the young gentlemen thought he could pass the The black smoke no longer streamed from the tall-Thiin night comfortably on the top of the grand piano, why s h e neys of its factories-the sky above was no longer swarthy, would do everything in her power to make them comfortable. as if grimed with the coolles.s labour of the town, but clear, Mr. and Mrs. Sandboys said that, under the circu ammatances, without a I a cloud. Not a cart, nor a Vile, nor to railway they must consent to avail themaelves of whatever they broke the • waggon, nor a lurry, stillness of the streets, and could get ; whereupon the landlady politely informed them the tramp of the policeman on his rounds was alone to he that, it they would follow her down stairs, she would show . heard. The mills were all hushed-the fires were out-the them the only apartment she had to share . engines were mo tionless-nut a whorl whirred-nut l oom a But, as she was shout to descend, a loud single k n ock was clacked-nut a cop twirled, within them. The workers, Sung and old, had all gone to take their share in Bag given at the street-door, and, bagging their indulgence for lands holiday. To walk through the work-room that a a minute, she returned to the passage, to ascertain the little while ago had trembled and clattered with the stir of businees of the new-comer. On answering the knock, she their many machines, impressed the mind with the came that it was merely the mat-merchant, who wished to sense of desolation as a theatre seen by daylight. The mice, be informed when she would like to have in "them there startled ut the strange eound of a footstep, scampered from coals as she ordered." --,- out the heaps of cotton that lay upon the floor, and spiders ' Mrs. Fokewll hastily told the man, that if they wane l had already begun to spin their webs in the unused ebonies delivered the first thing in the morning, there wouldn't be of the looms. At night, the many windows of the mills and a bit of fine to " bile the dozen pate of shaviug-water as was warehouses no longer shimmered, like gold, with the lights wanted by eight o'clock for her lodgers." On cleating the door, and rejoining Mr. and Mrs.Saudouys, rays shining on them front without. Thudoors of the huge who still stood on the top of the kitchen stairs, Mrs. Fake- warehouses were all closed, and the steps grown green from sell led the way to the basement, and, opening the kitchen ham disuse. Not a cab stood in frontof theinfirmary-not a door, stepped across the area. Stopping in front of one of vehicle loitered beside the pavement in Market-street. the two doors that led to what the landlady was pleased to In the morning, not a factory bell was to be heard ; nor a dignify by the Miele of is humble apartment on the beet , "bus" to be seen bringing from the suburbs its crowds of went floor, she unfastened the padlock, and revealed the merchants piled on the roof and packed on the splash interior of a cellar, from the arched roof of which was slung a board in front of the coachman. Not a milkman dragged sailor's hammock, while on the floor was spread a =ail through the ',Mete his huge tin can suspended un wheels; square of dingy carpet. In one corner, on the top of a beer nor was a scavenger, with his long, loose, blue woollen shirt oarre Against the whitewashed wall hung a small sixpenny shav- On Saturday night, the thoroughfares clatter e d not ing-glass ; while, immediately beneath it, there was placed the tread of the thousands of heavy-booted operatives Oil a dilapidated chair. the pavement ; not a grocer's shop was brilliant with thu Mrs. Sandbuys, who until that moment had never set ground-glass globe. of its many lump.; not a linendraper's eyes on that peculiar kind of naval contrivance for our window was stuck over with loins telling of another " Tre- Limning u night's rest muter ditficulties, could not refrain meudous failure" or "awful ouie.rifie.e." from expressing her firm conviction that it was utterly In Smithfield, there sons neither light nor sound. The inapsasible for any woman of her sine to deposit herself 0 . 0... y i crockery and glittering glass no longer was strewn safely in the interior of that thing, which people were a upon the ground, and no impatient dealer was there jingo pleased to calla bed, ling his cups and tumblers, and rattling his basins to bring Mrs. Fookesell, however, imaged to assure her that she had the customers to his stand. The covered sheds, spread with pawed many -many very pleasant eights in that very hain- bright - coloured handkerchiefs and muslin, and hung with muck, and with the aid of the trestle which she had placed long streamers of lace, had all disappeared ; the long ne on the floor, and an assisting hand from her husband, she row alleys of old-clothee stalls, docked with washed-out was sure the holy would he able to manage very well. gowns and brown stays, and yellow petticoat and limp Mr. Sandboys himself was anything hot pleased with honnebe were gone; the old-boot stalls, bright with the the arrangements of the proporea dormitory, and, secretly highly-polished shoe, were nowhere visible ; nor the in his own mind, lie was inquiring of himself how, who black hardware, nor the white wicker- ba skets, nor he had lent the said assisting hand to his better half, and tle dangling hairy brooms nor the glass case's glittering safely lodged her within the depths of the euspentled w i t h showy je ll ery. The !moth-like rook-shops were shut hammock, he himself was ever to join her there, fur whoa up, and not a boy was to be seen within them enjoying his he wanted to know, was there to perform the same kind cheap b as i n of steam i ng soup or plate of smoking pie ; and office for him ? the sheets of tripe, like bundles or shammy leather, and the However, even if they had to take the bed down, and cow-heels, white and saddened, like wwoherwomen's hands, Weld it on the carpet, it would, thought Mr. Sandboys, he had disappeared from the stalls. f o x preferable t. none at all, so he toll Mrs. Fookesen that In Victoria Market the oranges were no longer to be seen be and his good lady would avail themselves of the &nom- piled up in pyramid., and glittering like balls of geld natation. at least for that mo• night. against their white-papered shelves. Not a sound of musk " It's all I have, ma'am." and the landlady ; " I have was to be heard in any of the harmonic taverns. The piano just let the last tent on the tiles to a foreign nobleman, and of " The lien and Chickens" was hushed. The fiddle end seven shillings a night is what I has from him. I assure violoncello sounded not in "The Cotton Tree." At Ben you it's a fart, Mil'ion. There is not a foot in is respectable lameas the lights were all out, and the galleries empty-not house that ie not worth it+ length in sovereigns, ma'am. a seriously-comic song, nor comically-serious ditty disturbed Why ' if you'll believe me, ma am, there's my acetate.* t h e s il ence o f t h e " S a l oon ." neighbour, she put a feather bed into her warm bath, and The shutters of the Exchange., ton, were closed-none oat lot it off to a young East lnjun at a guinea a week, for a at the tables or stood at the desks scanning the papers. At month certain. Milner's, the patent iron sate that, laden with gold, load Mr. Sandboys, exhausted with his journey, made no more stood the attack of twenty desperate rabbets, was hidden ado, lout cloa d the bargain with Mre. Foto:sell ; and, haring for a time by the shutters. Barton the stationer fuel eloped partaken of some fried chops, by way of supper, in the to London with his love. Nathaniel Gould nail his brother kitchen, he and his beluvea Agee! withdrew to the privacy from London had both retnrued to the nietropolis to see the of the cellar which was to constitute their bed-chamber fur Exhibition, and his mother. Binyons and Hunter had the niald, given over desiccating their coffee, and had gone' to air them- After a brief consultation, it wee agreed that, to prevent salve's instead, in the metropolis. At Crowther al Hotel, the all chance of taking cold in so damp a dormitory, [boy snotty barmaid was too longer to be seen, for " The Angel" should retin• to rest in their clothes; and Mrs. Saadi:our. d retired to Loudon. At the Commercial Dining Rooms, having disangagest herself of her hood and cloak, prepared Bell's joints had reseed to be hot from twelve till three, for to make the perilous went. he, like the rest, had gone., legs all, and shoulders and to By the aid of her Cursty's haul she mounted the little the threat Exhibition ; while Mrs. Ja. Stewart, (" professed trestle of the beer-barrel, which she previously placed im- cook,") no longer recommended those gentlemen who mediately under the hammock. and then, tumuli; her back wanted a relish to try her chops. Mrs. Later, having ,ex jump, the suspended had she managed, with a slight hawed "her winter supply of fancy shirts, braces, cravats, jump, to seat herself on the extreme edge of the sacking. Eke. " hid availed herself of the opportunity of seeing the Her figure, however, being rather corpulent, the weight - . Exhibition to provide herself with a summer stock. Mr. of her whole body no soon r rested on one side of the aihe ~ Albert, the dentist, of George-street, whose "artificial oscillating couch, than the whole apparatus slid from under '- teeth, he assures US, are such perfect imitations of nature, her, and she was suddenly plunged down on to the corner that it is confidently predicted they will speedily supersede of the temporary toilettabk. Fortunately for the good eeery. o u,„ and," had started fur the metropolis, leavg lady, the top of the artificial wash-hand-stand consisted of a bin incorrodible teeth behind him; and J. Casper, the board merely laid across the head ot a borrel ; so that im- tailor, of Market -street, having "invented a cloth with two mediately she touched the rieketty arrangement, the board, distinct faces, which may be worn on either side, and suit basin, and pitcher were all tilted forward, and the entire able for trowsers," as well as coats and vests, had turned contents of the water-jug emptied full into her face, as she his coat like the very best "double-faced," and ' gone up in a fell to the ground. pair of his own patent paloons, with the intention of using What with the crash of the crockery, the splashing of the 1 the out for week d_ ya .s, and the insides for Sundays. water, and the bumping of poor dear Dirs. Sandboys on the I At t h e City Mourning Establishment, the young ladies of carpet, Cursty was almost paralysed with fright. Ile was , the shop had given over sorrowina fur the deceased friends afrotid even to raise his darling Aggy from the ground, for 1 of their customers, and, eubstitutusg lively pink glaces for he felt that something serious must have happened to hem their sombre benalmaines,haeleuddenly changedlike lobsters, But Mrs. Sandbox.. luckily was sound in her bones, I from black to red, and gone up with the chief mourner of though severely bruised in her fifth ; and ae Cursty helped o a 1 • the establishment," determined to have a few weeks' her up from the floor, she shook the water from her hair, pleasure, like the rest of the world; while Beddoc, of the and ht than make he would rather sleep o ter n the carpet al opposition depot for gri e f, h a d, "in consequence of the mild -1 nia another attempt to en that nasty, del neon of the season" ( cou pl e d w i t h i ts genera l h ea l t hi ness ) , nag fop s swinging, unsteady thing of a bed. " not only reduced all his stock of the previous winter's weeds Mr. Sandboys used all the endearing arts of which he and weepers, but finding the mortality much below the WM master to induce the partner of his bosom to make • usual average, had put up the black shutters of his shop, lael : or. the Adrentaires of Mr, and Mrs. Sandboys and second attempt, hut his etreaties were in vain ; for Mee. I ; and a ffi xed a hatehment , with the motto of .. Resurgent" Family, who mine lip tolondon to enjoy theinselres, and Sandboys, whose body still tingled with the failure of her , over his door, as a notice that he would turn up again to see Me Great Exhibition. By HENRY Maymaw and previous eesay, was in no way inclined to listen to his , shortly. . Osumi eItEIKSHANII. Part Y. Bogue. solicitations. I Not a shop but had some announcement pasted on the Mr. Sandboys and his family, who were last month But the persevering Curtsy pleaded so bard that at past , ehutters. In the principal thoroughfares chickens scratched left on the point of departure from Iluttermere, are he got her to consent, that pros.ided he would get into at the uaremoved dust, while the crowing of rival cocks hammock himself, and would lift her into it after him, she' sounded shrill ' the a. t t t Corpulent old duk in a la S ree s._ inthe now presented in the novel situation of travellers for I srould*nt mind obliging him in that way-for she could see , the first time to London. The alarmist statistics of no oth„ plan by which she was ever to be safely deposited t he waddled aloisg th e kerb-stones to bathe themselves ; gutter. In Market-street, the grass was already begin the crowded state of London in May next, the co-p l within it. sling to sprout between the stones. The cata, left bablc prices of lodgings, and the terrible variety of i Accordingly, Mr. &nether., when, after a few naau t a a aa" to take care of themselves, wandered about . as . visitors with whom Londoners will be honoured or 1 fal . but harmless endeavours, he had manage to get me , ea ns sa French . wait for the birds, bod fai 1 into the sailor's bed, l t over the side ' p l g i t and la y in • hero taken up, and used as the ground.. entire pestered, art.y .r y. _ __ _ .. _ . _ But , that, no longer scared by the noise, now b egan nu iin order to assist his better-half to join him within it. and twitter loudly in every thoroughfare. In the People ' s work for some very httmourous, if improbable scenes. !on his putting out his arms to liftthe lady up to the required parks, pigs roamed among the flowers, while gun ass& Though in his analysis of his characters Mr. Mayhew , height, the delusive, bendable bedstead turned inside out, donkeys nibbled at the grass. labours to present to his reader creatures of ordinary . and shot him, mattress, blankets, and counterpane, together flesh and; blood, still when he begins to move has with his Aggy , plump on the groun d. The illustra fi on of Manchester deserted and Lon of The fall shook Mr. Sandboys almost as much as when the don crammed, is one of those masterly concentrations puppets, he sets to work with the relish , the love Ma had laid on his back in tbe bsook, and It was long of a thousand pictures which George Cruickshank L; the grotesque, and the undoubted comic power which fore li• could bring himself even to propose to his wife to alone can accomplish. A column might be filled with have distinguished his former works, both dramatic ma k e auother attempt to enter the wretched wobbling. i; a description of it. Altogether, this second number and seriaL mut his characters arc not farcical enough swingy substitute for the substantial security of a four - po st of the "Adventures of Mr. and M. Sandbnys" must be welcomed by the reading public both in London and out of it. ABDICATION OF BING LOUIS PHILIPPE. 11.IILATZD NT lIIIISILIP. (November, 1849.) From thn of 25th February, 1151. Such is the title of a pamphlet which is about to he published very shortly by Michel Levy, Brothers, and from which we borrow soave extracts. The author, M. Edward Lemoine, commences thus: It is little more than a year since I published the recital of a first visit which I had the honour of making to King Louis l'hilippe, in November, 1148. Alter that publication, a friend of the royal family came to thank me for the service I had rendered to the exiles (these were the words employed), in causing to be made known to the country, the truth of those fart, w hich hatred and party spirit have been 18 years endeavouring to disfigure. This person added, that if say interests should again call me to London, the King begged I would not forget that I should be seep with great pleasure at Claremont. I hastened to answer that I was profoundly grateful for the permission which the King had given me, and I promised to profit by it in the following month. This was in October tew days alter I Peet out for England—the next morning after my arrival in London I was at Claremont; if I recol lect right, it was on the 20th of November, 1149. I found the house inhabited by the exiled as quiet, as deserted, as I had found it a year before. The carriage which conveyed me paned the gate without enybody think ing of asking that question, which is usually demanded even at the door of the humblest, relative to the rank and wishes of the visitor. Nevertheless, within the park there reigned a certain animation of which some minutes biter 1 received an explanation. 'Three carriages were to he seen approaching the modest residence of the family. A few domestics, out of livery, appeared to he completing prepa rations for departure. Not wishing thus to arrive unes , pectedly and abruptly in the midst of one of those family incidents where a stranger is always troublesome, I die mimed my coachman, and continued my route on foot. I had not gone six paces along the principal avenue of the park when I en,:ountered the Queen and the l'rince de J oinville. It was just a year since I had left the Queen a prey to a disorder which the most aisle physicians had pronounced mortal. I found her upright, strong, and walking at a ra pid and almost impatient pate. tier Mee breathed the must Perfect serenity, her look shone with a sweet expression of joy, and her voice was so clear and distinct that the sound of it reached me, although respect did not allow me to ap proach very near to her Majesty, to whom 1 had net the honour to he known. I preceded, therefore, towards the mansion, when l wets approached by General It was this personage who had visited me in Paris. Ili% first words gave me to understand that my presentiment was right, and that chance had brought nie to Claremont at the very moment when a family encoring of great interest was about to take place. The Duke of Nemoune who hail been absent for three months in Germany, was about to arrive by rail. A general move to the station was about to be made, that the whole family might meet tea minutes sooner. I ex pressed my wish to retire ; but the General insisted that I should stay, saying that the King would regret that I should return to London without seeing him. I consented, and allowed myself to be conducted into the library. When the King entered, 1 was struck with die change which a year had wrought in his appearunce. Ilia gait had become heavy and slow, his look had lost its vivacity, his back had rounded, and that head which had never bent neither under the crown, nor the weight of the peace of the world, had done so under its exile. As soon as ever Louis Philippe perceived me, he held out both his hands and aildreseed me in that strung and marked voice, which he still preserved. "You have rendered me a true service ; for, tb-enlist,, you, the truth has been printed respecting my sentiments, and respecting me. During the 18 years of my reign, never was similar fortune mine." "Ills Majesty has then found my work exact ? " " Perfectly exact. Nor have I been alone in this opinion. One of ney sons read your pamphlet at Vienna, in a Ger man journal, which published a translation of it, and the recital appeared so true to him as tee lead him to suppose that it had been written under my dictation. And yet-- " Here Louis l'hilippe paused. I hail divined from the tone of his voice, and from the hesitation which was depicted on his countenance, that he had come observations to make, but feared to wound my suscetibility. I hastened to say that if I had made any mistake 1 should be happy for it to he pointed out, my modest ambition being, in the recital I had published, only to serve as the stenographiet of the royal words. " Oh," said the King, " it is a matter ief little import ance; hut in history everything is valuable. Now, you make me say that ' if the troops have retired without fight ing, it is by my order.' That iv not absolutely exact. I had named a general in chief, whom the new ministry had re cognised. It was to this general in chief to whom it be longed to give orders, under the constitutional responsi bility of the ministers. This was Marshal liugeaud. 'the oppesition journals had named him the man of blood. It is him, the man of blood, who dictated and signed an order so conceived, if my memory does not deceive me. The order that I gave was tee cease firing everywhere, and the Na tional Guard was tee go to do the duty everywhere." " Your Majesty is in the right. certainly du recollect ' that General Bedeau, on the Boulevard Donne Nouvelle, caused an order to be read by several persons, which was signed thus, "The Marshal, Duke of Isly. " " Let it he well understood," proceeded the King, with vivacity, " that I do not regret, that I never have re gretted, that the marshal did not begin the battle. I have all ray ife detested that profound iniquity named war, an iniquity the result of which is to send to death thousands of men who fur the most part are indifferent, by position and temperament, to the questions for which their life is de manded. It is not for nothing that my enemies called me, perverting truth, though as they always did, the King of l'eace at all price. I leave fur civil war (speciall)• insur mountable horror. So it is certain, very certain, that if I hail been consulted I should have been of opinion that blemished was to be avoided, never mind by what methusl. But I never was consulted." " I promise your Majesty that, authorised by yourself, I will rectify this error.' "Is that worth while ? Not in my opinion. When I cons cried with you I conversed in the abundance of my heart, and without any ulterior thoughts, as I do with the French who are so kind as to come to see me. I was fur from supposing that you would put my words into print. If you had communicated to me your intention, I should probably have combated it, fur I du not think, situated as I am, that it is worthy of me to occupy the public either with my past acts or my personal opinions." " Nevertheless, sire, your Majesty has done me the honour of saying to me that it has been one of the greatest misfortunes of the monarchy of July that during eighteen years the King was always attack Cal, without anybody having taken the pen to detend him." Ah, I was king then; it was another affair. When they attacked me it was royalty—it was authority that was attacked. Nut to defend me was to permit the overthrow of the throne. 50 when, after eighteen years of obstinate attacks, it was judged that thr throne was sufficiently tot tering, there was nothing to do but to push it, and it fell to pieces, to the great astonishment both of my friends and enemies. It held torethcr no longer." " But, sire, does not your honour exact ?" " Oh! my honour will be preserved without that. I have given to my country ten years of peace and of respectability. Europe knows it, and posterity —you yourself have said it to me—will pass judgment on all the calumnies with which I have been overwhelmed. Now, lam nu longer anything, and I do not wish that I should be spoken of, even in my defence. Our enemies pretend that the Orleans family is conspiring in exile, and th it it intrigues for replacing its hand upon a crown which has been torn from it. I am decided upon not furnishing a pre hAt for these ridiculous accusations. Should any one take up the pen in my favour, it would not fail to be said." " There are the Orleans people in movement. They arc intriguing, and conspiring ! At this moment, a knocking was heard at the door, and the voice of the Queen, in a tone of supplication, said : "Are we not going to set out. We shall miss the train." "Oh! Oh! mid the king, good kumouredly, I shall be scolded. The fact is that in a quarter of an hour the Duke de Nemours is to arrive, and should he not bail us at the station, he would thinCsome misfortune had happened to us. I must go, but 1 should like to see you again. Will you dons the pleasure of joining us the day after to-morrow at our family dinner? That will be Sunday, and on that day lam a little leas busy than on others. Besides I shall have no visits, for Sunday is in England a day far one's own family. You will conic early and we will converse — but upon one condition, that you will not put my words into print." On the day appointed I arrived at Claremont towards two o'clock in the afternoon. The King was informed, and came immediately. His tirst words were: " You are punctual. I thank you for it. For my part also, I wish to keep the promise made to you, and to con verse with you at length. It would be better still, if you have points to question me upon, to ask me them, and I will reply with the greatest pleasure to them ; and upon everything I will speak the truth, the whole truth—nothing but the truth. Only I remind you of the conditions—our conversation is not to be published, at least in my life time." I will agree to it, sire ; happy in the certainty that the publication will not take place before many years? . " I believe you are wrong," replied the King; " it will be probably with but little delay," " HOW, sire, can you have such thoughts—you, so full of vigour, of health ? You " My illustrious interlocutor interrupted me by a kind gesture, adding: I am old, and misfortune, which has not worn out my courage, has in a remarkable manner worn out my strength. Ab, these last times have been indeed fruitful to me in painful proofs. Look back, I beg of you, to the past. I have seen a cherished daughter, the pride of my house, who would have been a princess by her talents, had she not been one by birth, die in the flower of her age ; a eon, also born to realise all hopes, whom the love of France en girded. I have seen my count r y, th a t I believed to have matched for ever from the horrors of anarchy, precipitate itself into the abyss of r evo l u ti ons , an d that under pretext of revenging itself of a king, whom no one has been able to reproach excepting for a single fault—if that can be per mitted to be called one—to have pushed even to fanaticism the respect due to the constitution of the country. For, remark it well, it was in the full spirit of the constitution that I fell. My ministry, whose fall was demanded, had a majority, and 1111 P that had sufficed to overthrow the throne in 1890. • •History, which toe, to as-imilate, will say 'At an interval of twenty years two kincs hove fallen, ono having a majority of forty against hint, the other the same number for him.' lf, yiefilitm to the clamours of the opposition, I had voluntarily broken up that ministry, I was no longer truly practising eonstitutional principles of government. France no longer wished for my ministers, but desired their adversaries; but this argument has been, in all times and countries, the arm of the opposition. When that attacks a ministry, it serves itself• always of the same formula—the country no longer wishes for you, begone ! That it was which the most formidable of oppositions said to Pitt, when at the age of 24, he took the reins of govern meat. l'itt did not allow himself to he convinced. After undergoing fourteen defeats in three months (my ministry bad met with only one), he was desirous of knowing if England thought really as did the opposition, and he appealed to the electors. What did they answer? That they were with Pitt and against the opposition. Strong in this answer, Pitt retained other, and for twenty years! My government was in a far more favoura hie situation than Pitt. The Chamber supported it, and the King —a constitutional King—be gave them his frank and loyal support. k'urther,—l have promised to speak the truth and I will. I believed in my soul and conscience that the policy followed by my ministry was good and true. Is that which has plink's! since February 1848, adequate to show that I hare been in error? I put the question, but leave others to answer it. Mark well, that I here du not pass judgment upon any one. I mean not to criticise any person's conduct, nor dispute any person's err vic.st. This tdu not fail to acknowledge, what was areom plished for the preservation ot• society by the energy of M. de Cavaiguac. I render justice to the intentions ot• the l'res.ident of the Republic. lie has defended, probably to the best of his mewls, the cause of nester. But, either lum strangely misled, or the policy followed since the month of June 1848, is coining, as much us it can, to that practised by my government, in accordance with the majority of the chambers. That which 1, a liberal of the old school, was the progressive development of—the great principles of 1789, and the repression of the revolu tionary spirit. At the present day, ea then, what is the go vernment doing ? It also proclaims itself the defender of liberal doctrines at the same time that it declares war to revolutionary passions. A lawful war ! Fur it is the safe guard ot• thu repose of the world ; and it is a war which has besides been carried on with vigour." Here the King recollected tivit in the close of his reign he had said that from the day when the opposition should obtain the direction of affairs he should withdraw, that is, be would abdicate. " One of my most devoted friends," mid he, " heard these words, and said to me, ' Sire, a constitutional king mores not, he submits to the law of the majority and re mains.' ' No,' 1 answered, •he does not remain if his conscience tells hint that, under his name and with his con sent, injury is about to be inflicted upon the country, and in this case, rather than act against his comicience, be does withdraw." _ _ _ •' Alt, sire," criol I sorrowfully, " your Majesty has been consi.tent. When the King believed that government wan pas,itm into the Lauds of the opposition, the King did with draw." At hearing Ins say "The king did 1k ithdraw !" Louis Philippe acute a movement of imputience. lit raised his grey head briskly, knitted his thick eyebrows, and fixing his eyes upon none. as it he wished to read into my deepest thoughts, said in a disturbed voice : " Keep silence upon no single point! You do not ap prove what is called my readiness to abdicate. I have already treated of this subject with you, and I thought I had convinced you, but 1 see that it is not at all the case. I will treat of it again. The question is well descry ing of being thoroughly examined. Speak out your thoughta thou clearly and plainly." It belongs not to me, sire, to have an opinion upon a fact which has been accomplished in the midst of circumstances upon which I am insufficiently infuriated. Ilut I bt•lia•ve I can affirm to your Majesty that since the events of June 11548, since the return of the Emperor of Austria to his capital, there his been almo-t a general conviction in France that every government whatever, monarchy or re public, which struggles against insurrection, not on ly with vigour hut with continuance—above all with perseverance— triumphs always over it at last. " Does it even," said the King, striking the table before which we were spiel, " when this government feels itself abandoned, by that great force without which nothing is pos sible ? Even when all around it is sinking? When tho councillors of power have lost the power of utterance? When the means of repression are completely wanting? I also have had my days of June (less terrible titan those of the Republic, and I thank heaven for it, but cruel and lamentable enough, for French blood was shed there.) Well, at that epoch, 1 triumphed over my horror for civil war, anal defended myself. Know you why? Became, then I was supported by opinion. The adversaries of my policy did nut feel that as 1 did, fur Lattitte, Arago, and. Wiliam Barrett said to me, in the conversation they held with me at the time of the insurrection, Your popularity is undermined.' No, it was not so. It was never more strikingly apparent. Recollect MY rids in Paris, on the morning of the Gth June 18.32. With what ardour, what enthusiasm the acclamations resounded as I palmed ! Nothing stopped me. I was full of confidence, and moved forward. All went well, fur I had on that day the approbation of the insurgents. Yes, even the very men anneal with muskets approved my con duct. It was at the Place du Chatelet. At each corner of a street there were barricades. I resolved to visit them, and to make the circuit of the square alone. As a discharge of musketry had just taken place, it was attempted to op pose what was called my imprudence ; but I declared that I wished to be alone. I urged my horse forward, anal, followed by a small number of friends, whose fidelity diso beyed me, I traversed the square at a walk. The insurgents approached me, but not one fired. Opinion was not yet arrived at that. Then there was no firing upon the King. Things have changed since then. On that occasion it was even better than not firing. The insurgents raked their pieces, and, chipping their hands, cried ' Bravo ! the King !' What influence hindered those /toils from firing who cried ' Bravo, the King ?' It was opinion. In June, 1832, opinion was with mr ; in February, 1818, It was Bono longer. ' What matter,' say they now, 'it was right for you to have listeued to those who advi ad you to defend yourself.' Ilut no one gave sue that advice. One voice was raised to tell me that I should defend myself, and that after victory, but only after victory, conditions should be made, if there should be occasion to make them. Twenty other voices, some of which were very dear to me and knew the way to my ear and to my heart, cried out that defence in Parts or out of Paris was an impossibility anal a folly. They added that civil war, which is always the greatest of misfortunes, becomes a crimp when it is not inevitable, anal becomes an impiety when victory is uncertain. Such were the discounts which resounded about me; such were the counsels which on all sides reached the King, who had no longer official persons to counsel him. Fur ffirget not that I hail ministers no longer. It was said to me in every tone and under every form —begone! What does it matter ? is still objected by my friends; you ought not to have listened to those who gave you such had advice, and in spite of them, in spite of everything, you ought to have defended yourself. Deiced myself? With what? With the army ? Oh! I know that it would have dune itsduty bravely ; and that, in spite of the uncertain tonduct of some chiefs, whose names 1 havo forgotten, my excellent soldiers would have marched as one man. But the army alone was ready, and that was not enough for me. The national guard, that force upon which I was always so happy to rest—the national guard of Parka, my natal city—that city which has been the godmother of my grandson (and re I wished st)—that city which, first of all, said to me in 1830, ' Take the crown, and save us from the republic!'—the national guard of Paris, to which I have always been so kindly disposed, either kept itself back or pronounced against me. And should I have defended myself? I could nut. The King ceased speaking. I still listened. I tried to recollect, to recal to my memory, bow things had passed. I recollected that immense demoralisation which, upon the 21th of February, extended itself over the entire city—that prostration of spirits—that inertness of a whole population, which, without seeing ur understanding, beheld order de part and disorder instal itself in the palace of kings, and I said to myself, " Is it possible that the King can be right! Is it true that ell those who reproach him with abdicating signed theirs before he signed his!" Absorbed in my reflections, I remained silent, when the King, touching me upon the shoulder, said : " Are you of my opinion now ? " " Almost, sire." " Almost ? You shall soon be altogether. Let us sup pow., for an instant, that I had not abdicated. Marshal llugeaud remains at the head of the army. lie engages in the conflict. The people oppose him. Blood es shed. Finally, after a mistance, more or less prolonged, and more or less energetic, the insurrection triumphs. The army is decimated—the King dies in the midst of his generals and children. The Queen and royal family are exiled, arc fallen into the hands of the conquerors. What their lot would have been I seek not to know. But what Franco would say of the conduct of the King, I could divine it, and I will tell you. • Ah! ' it would cry, 'it is the obstinacy of that ambitious old man which has lost the monarchy. N't hat was asked of him but to renounce that power which the coun try dial not wish to leave in his hands, and he refused. He was asked to come down from the throne and to make his grandson mount there in his place, and he refused. Ile was asked to remove himself out of the way, safe and sound, and by his retreat to give fresh strength to the monarchy which was ready to fall—and be refused! He was asked to prevent the effusion of French blood—and he refused! I have done well in abdicating ; anal if things were to be done I over again, I would do as I have done. In fact, what can bo NM of me now That I have abandoned power (of which I was said to be so greedy), from the day when it was shown to me, that I could no longer exercise it usefully to my country, nor honourably to myself. This reproach may bo said to me, for I have deserved it. Will it be said of me that I shrunk from civil war ? That, too, may be said, for I confess it. But if they would wish to be just, they who thus speak must add, that I have been an honest man—that in the course of ray very long life I have deceived nobody—that o wu the put have been the friend of peace and liberty, ted by these titles that e m r i o n f u t tc he o la f ni w y , raepigalriotltani.drre:tnsectitutionat rigor ous " I abdicate this crown, which I held by the will of the I nation, and which I accepted only to bring peace a. • • . s T h h a e ll f a urowi r ng be is fore the " ex t a c c ri tt y ix; of the King's abdication : cord among Frenchmen. Finding it imposst • • . plish this task, I bequeath it to my grandson, . • I , Paris. May he be happier than I have been... • A " Love P " Tuileries, 24th of February, 1848." ~ '~