The Express. — London, England, 1852-01-16 00:00:00

Liberal men admitted that there was some show of reason in these !notices. And when NAPOLEON came forward with the code and the concordat and with his system of mixed education, they understood that he had not grasped power for purely selfish purposes. and that he made use of that power to place France superior to the other European abso lutisms, and free from the worst abuse of the old French absolutism. But is there one of these pleas,—one of these ex euses,—that holds good, or can be seriously brought forward for the present barefaced and inglorious and tricky usurpation ? Not one. There is all the =i s iy, all the assumption, all the impertinent tiam of setting up as a legislator for a great nation, at a time when that nation has grown to manhood, instead of being, as in 1800, in a political swage. There is really nothing to do, nothing to ehe, nothing to enact. France is not me naced by the foreigner; and France is menaced by no priestly or aristocratic reaction, which the present tyranny does not rather flatter and yield to than set at nought. There is no disorder in the provinces, no defects in the ad ministration, which absolute power must not aggra vate instead of reform. There was a want of honesty and of a high tone of morality in public men. Will Lou's Narois:os mend that? The orovinccs have been reduced to nullities, local intelligence and influence crushed: what can Lou's NAPOLEON do bat aggravate the evil ? The army weighed on the country :it will weigh henceforth tenfold. Direct taxes took away half the revenue of the landed pro prietors, the majority of whom are poor. To in crease direct taxation will be impossible--yet how avoid it, if the salt and drink duties be abolished There is no reform possible, no alleviation feasible in French taxation, except by means of economy. Can Louts NAPOLEON, or can any military chief, econo mise? There is, therefore, not one pretence for set ting up a dictatorship—one reason, save that this mode of government alone suits the nephew of NAPOLEON. As to the constitution just promulgated, it is the most audacious of humbugs, not deigning to take the trouble to cover with even a decent veil the naked ness of despotism. All that it attempts is not to temper arbitrary power, hut to associate and impli cate with it all those notable or capable men, who consent to barter independence for office, and who submit to wear the despot's livery in return for liberty, to share with the dictator the spoils of tho state. No honest or uptight man will take office under such a mock constitution ; and if a sufficient number of Frenchmen of education and capacity be found to do so, all we can say is, that this will stamp indelible disgrace upon France, without adding to the durability or consistency of a government which is an anachronism to the age, and a disgrace to the country, in whose history it must survive as an indelible humiliation. PRINCE ALBERT has signified-mss we before stated —his intention of founding two exhibitions of thirty pounds a year each, to the government School of Mines. The funds are to be levied on the estates which the Prince of W.ites holds as Duke of CORN WALL. These endowments will be called tho Duke of CooNWSl.l.'s Exhibitions. This fact has some significance, inasmuch as it shows, particularly when coupled with similar facts, that in the very highest quarters, there is a determi nation to lift education out of the confined sphere in which it has been up to the present time imprisoned. It is right that the heir to the greatest throne in the world should have his name connected with instruc tion in those arts which have raised that throne to the position which it occupies amongst the powers of the world. We look upon this and similar facts as testimonies to the truth of a principle that we have always as serted; that the old limits of education cannot be preserved. The hornbooks which sufficed for our ancestors will not suffice for us. We want our youth to lie prepared for studies of a somewhat different name than those which were required thrte hundred years l ;.; ll . when all the knowledge of the world was two thousmid years old. In these three hundred years whole branches of science have sprung into being. to the times preeeding these three hundred years there was no wit nee of chemistry, no irrology, no ettetri city, no magnetism, no steam. Natural philosophy, in fact, if it existed at all, was in the shall!: of an in ant, whose tricks might amuse, but, who could perform no service to the lookers-on. Now, natural philosophy is a g hich iant w . whim enlisted into the service of mac, ya m ea llMEmiimmimmimii• gUe earpreisls. CORI.PAPONDKNTB. a Seeeed Idedno et " The Esprne," eoa :ranee la , mean reeablee " Monk," 111 yeah*** eaves Tuesday sad Yrkley sista, la Ilan an peeL aiWitilllMlSMialended he "The Zapean." Leaden Emits( paw, Man In et the oak% Ileavene•etian. o'clock ea H. yap pabinelean HIGH ITATIR AT LONDON BRUM& Tata Dat—alonslag. .After•sce, N. Ws. Teamossow—SarrAiss. IN. km. I. LONDON, FRIDAY, JANUARY 16. Tint Autocrat of France has promulgated the constitution that might have been expected of him. It is precisely that constitution which the favourite clown or charlatan of the day might have announced with enthusiastic applause to the audience that throng's before any theatre of the Boulevard da Temple. It is the very burlesque of representative government, the parody of every system that hea been seriously essayed in really free countries. Power Without responsibility, debates without publicity, a commons house without the faculty of originating a law or modifying a budget, an upper house without hereditary dignity or elective right, a government which is nothing but a police, and an army whose duty is merely that of gendarmes—such is the poli tical system solemnly proposed for and to France in the middle of the nineteenth century. Tho consular constitution of the year VIII., from which the mock system is borrowetl, wee, it is well known, an undisguised and complete dictatorship. The council of state were the advocates whom the future emperor paid and consulted, The senators were his valets. The tribunate, or lower house, was com rof his paid talkers, who, when they talked raly way that government did not like, were pre cluded from talking at all. Soon after this consti tution was originally granted, the tribunate, as the House of Representatives was then called, chose to discuss and criticise Narto.Kox's two measures of the code and the concordat. The FIReT Cosset. ran in dignant at their audacity, and withdrew these laws, giving the tribunate nothing whatever to discuss. They nad no power by the constitution of originating a law or a motion, consequently their functions were suspended, their place became a sinecure, and they themselves beemne the laughing-stock of the Pari sian.. The same fate awaits the mock House of Com mons of Louis NveoteoN, if, indeed. he can get any Frenchmen above the rank of village schoolmasters who would so far demean themselves as to wear the livery, and receive the par, of popular representatives witliout the faculty of auing . anything save what they were hidden . Why not issue a decree, that the servants who wait behind the chairs of the guests at the Elyse, shall take the seats in the morning, and vote the laws of the l'iti:sint:Nr, including his own civil list and their expenses. It would be just as respectable and genuine a House of Commons as the raletaille which the mock constitution summons from the provineea. Odious as is a dictatorship. the least humiliating form of it is that which avows what it is, and which assigns reasons for its necessity. lioNaraiere, in 1800, was not without these reasons. The country had just recovered from civil war and from foreign war, from both of which be who claimed the dic tatorship had saved it. The representative system lad in a manner worn itself out. Its last manifesta tion war a reckless and exuberant royalism, that threatened to give up every boon and conquest of the great revolution. The excuse of lioNveAcrE was that he wanted to save the revolution, the benefits and the acquisition of this re volution from a reckless and criminal reaction. To maintain the revolution, to uphold in office, influence, and power, the ideas and the generation which it had produced, such was the idea of NsrotEos. Ile eiru determined to save revolutionary France from the despotic subjugation of Europe. to endow France with new laws and with a social and political organisation in accordance with the state of things and of society that the revolution had created, and that the counter-revolution threatened to destroy. THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY FRANCE. TILE FRENCH CONSTITUTION. The following is the text of the Constitution, which, in the iforsiteur, is preceded by the proclamation published in our columns yesterday : CoxsTrrunox WADI IN VIITVI 07 tut roil/111 MI. DATED BT TDB FRENCH PEOPLE TO LOUIE NAPOLEON BONAPARTE ET THE VOTE OP THE 20TH AND '2IST 1851. Taa PROSIDINT OF Till RIFOBLIC, considering that the French people has been called upon to vote upon the following resolution:—" Tbo people wills to main tain the authority of Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, and gives kiss the powers necessary to make a constitution on the lures laid down in e lus proclamation of December 2." Considering that the bases proposed to - the acceptation of the people were: "1. A responsible chief named fur ten years ; "2. Ministers dependent only on the executive power • " 3. A council of state, formed of the mos t distinguished men, preparing the laws and discussing them before the legislative body • " 4. The legislative body discussing and voting the laws, named by universal suffrage, without scrutiny of the list which falsities the election ; " 5. A Second Assembly, formed of all the illustrious men of the country, the preponderating power, the guar dim of the fundamental pact, and of the public liberties ;" Considering that the people have answered affirmatively by seven millions five hundred thousand suffrages, PROMULGATES TILE CONSTITU' CHAP. I. AS FOLLOWS: Art. 1. The constitution acknowledges, confirms, and guarantees the great principles proclaimed in 1789, and which aro the bases of the public right of the French. CHAP. 11. FORWI OF THE Gov ERNMENT OF TIIE REPCRILIC. Art. 2. The government of the French ltepubliCis con fided to Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, at present President of the Republic, for the term of ten ycan. Art. 3. The President of the Republic governs, through his ministers, the council of state, the Senate, and the Legislative Body. Art. 4. The legislative power is exercised collectively by the President of the Republic, the Senate, and the Legis lative Body. CRAP. 111. TDB PRESIDENT OP TUR REPUBLIC . .. • Art. 5. Tho President of the Republic is responsible for his acts to the French people, to whom he always has tho right of appealing. Art. 6. Ihe President of the Republic is the chief of the state ; he command* the land and sea fores, ; declares war ; makes treaties of peace, alliance, and commerce ; nominates all persons to any official employment; and makes all orders and decrees necessary fur the execution of the laws. Art. 7. Justice is demanded in hie name. Art. 8. He alone has the right to initiate laws. Art. 9. Ile has the right of pardoning offences. Art. 10. He &auctions and promulgates the laws and the Art. 11. He presents, every year, to the senate and the legislative body, in a message, the state of affairs of the republic. Art. 12. He has the right to declare any department in a state of siege; but must consult the senate with the least possible delay. (The c.msequences of a state of siege are presided for by a law.) Art. 13. The ministers arc accountable to no ono but the head of the state; they are only resoonsible for their own acts; they can only be tried by the senate. Art. 14. The ministers, the members of the senate, the legislative body, and the council of state, the officers of the army and navy, the magistrates, and public functionaries, shall take the following oath : " 1 swear obedience to the constitution and fidelity to the President." Art. 15. A semaius.ronsultus fixes the sum allowed an nually to the President of the ltepublic during the exercise of his functions. Art. 16. If the President of the Republic should die be- fore the termination of the period for which he is elected, the Senate will convoke the nation to proceed to a new election. Art. The chief of the state has the right, by a secret act, deposited in the archives of the Senate, to give to the people the name of any citizen he may wish to recommend, in the interest of France, to their confidence and their suf frages. Art. 18. Till the election of a new President, the presi dent of the senate will govern the country, with the concur rence of the minister. holding office, questions brought before them to be decided by a majority of votes. CHAP. IV. THI SINAI'S. Art. 19. The number of senators shall not exceed 150. For the first year the number is fixed at eighty. Art. 20. The Senate will be composed: 1. Of cardinals, marshals, and admirals; 2. Citizens wham the President of the ltepublic may deem fit to elevate to the dignity of senator. Art. 21. The senators are appointed for life. Art. 22. The funnier,' of the senators are gratuitous; nevertheless, the l'resident of the Republic will have the power to grant to senators, by reason of services rendered, and of their position as to fortune, a personal dotation, which cannot exceed 30,000 fr. per annum. Art. 23. The president and the vice-presidents of the senate shall be named by the l'resident of the Republic, and chosen from among the senators. They are named for one year. The salary of the president of the Senate is fixed by odes:zee. Art. 24. The President of the Republic convokes and tres the Senate. He fixes the duration of its sessions a e l:eree. The sittinfrs of the Senate are not public. Art. 26. The Senate is the guardian of the fundamental pact and of the public liberties. No laws can be promul gated without having been submitted to it. Art. 20. The Senate resists the promulgation: Ist. Of laws which should be contrary, and which should tend to be subversive of, the constitution, religion, morality, liberty of worship, individual liberty, the equality of citizens before the law, the inviolability of property, and the principle of the immovability of the magistracy ; 2. Of such as would compromise the defence of the territory. Art. 27. The Senate regulates b 7 a macaw crosstalk,: 1. The constitution of the colonies and of Algeria; 2. All that has not been provided by the constitution, sad which is necessary for the operation of the same ; 3. The meaning of such articles of the constitution as may give place to different interpretations. Art. 28. These aenatut consulti will be submitted to the sanction of the President of the Republic, and promul gated by him. Art. 29. The senate maintains or annuls all the acts which are submitted to _it as une"- -- - • , onal by the g 0.... .... vernment. or denounced for the seine reason bj petitZus from citizens. Art. 30. The Senate, in a report addressed to the Presi dent of the Republic, may ley down the bases of projects of law of great national interest. Art. 31. It can likewise propose modifications of the constitution. If the proposition is adopted by the execut ive power, it will be enacted by a senatus-consuaiss. Art. 32. Neverthe:ess will be submitted to universal suf frage any modification of the fundamental bases of the con stitution, as proposed in the proclamation of Dec. 2, and adopted by the trench people. Art. 33. In case of the dissolution of the legislative body, and until a new convocation, the senate, on the proposition of the President of the Republic, provides, by measures of urgency, all that is necessary for the carrying en of govern- I ntent. _ CHAP. V. THE LEGISLATIVE BODY. Art. 34. The election will be by universal suffrage. Art. 36. There will be one deputy in the legislative body to every thirty-fivo thousand electors. Art. 36. The deputies shall be elected by uniunal suf few, without scrutiny of the electoral lista. Art. 37. They are to receive no salary. Art. 38. They are to be named for six years. Art. 39. The legislative body shall discuss projects of law and of tuition. _ _ Art. 40. Any amendment adopted by the commission charged with the examination of a project of law shall be sent, without discussion, to the council of state, by the pre sident of the legislative body. fihould the amendment not be adopted be the council of state, it cannot be submitted to the legislaiive body. Art. 41. The ordinary sessions of the legislative body shall continue for three months ; its siftings dull be public ; but oa the request of five members it may resolve itself into a secret committee. Art. 4P. The reports given of the sittings of the legis lative benly, by the journals or any other means of publica tion, at. t alf contain nothing but the proces-rerbal drawn up at the conclusion of each sitting by the president of the le ffills'ilire body. A .rt. 43. The president and vice-presidents of the legisla fir e body are named by the President of tho Republic for year. They are chosen from among the deputies. The 'salary of the president of the legislative body is fixed by a _ _ _ Art. 41. The ministers cannot be members of the legisla tire body. Art. 4., The right of petition applies only to the Senate. Ne petition can be addressed to the legislative body. Art. 46. The President of the Republic convokes, ad• Jostens, prorogues, and dissolves the legislative body. In ease of dissolution the President of the Republic must con voke another within six months. CHAPTER VI. THS COUNCIL Or STATZ. Art. 47. The number of the councillor. of state on service on ordinary occasions will be from forty to fifty. Art. 48. The councillors of state are named by the Pre sident of the Republic, and revoked by him. Art. 49. The President of the Republic will preside over the council of state ; and in his absence the person whom ho shall name u vice-president of the council will preside. Art. 50. The council of state is charged, under the di rection of the President of the Republic, to examine pro jects of law and matters concerning the public administra tion, and to decide on any difficulties that may arise in the administration of affairs. Art. 51 It will discuss, iu the name of the government, projects of law in the presence of the Senate and the Icing- Wive body. The councillors charged to speak in the name of the government will be designated by the l'red dent of the Republic. Art. 52. The salary of each counsellor of state is twenty flve thousand francs per annum. Art. 53. The ministers will have a right to sit and rote in the council of state. CHAP. VII. Ties limit COURT OF Jrfericr. Art. U. The High Court of Justice will judge, without appeal, all persoas brought before it charged with crimes against the l'resident of the Republic or against the safety of the state. Its decision cannot be annulled but by decree of the l'resident of the Republic. Art. ti.i. A inialui.constiltus will determine the organi sation of the High Court. CHAP. VIII. GENERAL AND TEMPORARY UNDULATIONS. Art. Ra Artit!fe of exiaing codes, laws, and regulations, I which are not contrary to the present constitutien, will re main in force till they are legally abrogated. Art. 57. A law will determine the municipal organisation. I The mayors will be named by the executive power, and it will not be absolutely necessary to select them from the municipal councils. Art. 58. The present constitution will have force from the day on which the great bodies of the state which it organise. shall be constituted. fhe decrees issued by the President of the Republic from the '2nd of December to that date will have the force of law. Done at the Palace of the Tuileries, Jan. 14, 18.52. LOUIS NAPOLEON. Seen and sealed with the Groat Kai, The Keeper attic Seals, E. Ennui*, Minister of Justice. The following are the letters of our correspondent: PARIS, TllyitzillAYNOliNlNO. The submarine telegraph will already have put you in possession of the main features of the consti tution, promulgated this morning in the Moniteur. The recognition of the principles proclaimed in 1780, with which it leads off, is a hollow and mendacious homage to a revolution, all the liberties achieved by which are entirely effaced. The corps levislatif does not possess a shadow of the independence and influence iu the state due to the representatives of the people. Its president and vice-presidents are nominated by the president of the Republic. The only form in which its debates arc allowed to be published is a copy of the minutes of the sitting drawn up by its president. Not only can the deputies move no propositions, but an amendment adopted in committee cannot even be submitted to deliberut ion in the Chamber without being previously sanctioned by theConseil d'Etat. All the great organic laws, and all measures left incomplete by tho constitution are to be enacted by the senate. All the great matters, even modifications of the con stitution, arc to be managed, it 114.4:11111, by arolus consultes. The part of the representatives of the nntion is reduced to registering the decrees of the executive power and senate. It is remarkable, by the way, that the number of senators is confined to 80 for the first year. In fact, no men of distinction can be got to form part of it. Hence the list, which was originally intended to be published at the same time with the constitution, does not appear, and will not probably for some time. By returning in his power the means of giving handsome pensions to senators, the President se cures the obsequiousness of the less opulent members of that body. In case of his demise, the Pre sident reserves to himself a sort of initiative in the appointment of his successor, by indicating to the nation for whom they are to vote. In the meantime, the decrees of exile have swept away the most eminent men in the country who might have raised in the Assembly of Deputies a protesting voice against the utter annihilation of all liberty implied by this constitution. The Mondeur contains the following report of the Minister at War, approved by the President of the Republic : Monsieur le President,-137 the terms of the regulation of I)ec. 2J, 1837, officers authorised to go into a foreign country lose their right to pay. Oa account of the special position of Generals Changar nier, de Lamoriciere, liedeau, and Leflo, who are sent out of French territory fur the moment, by virtue of the de cree of Jan. 9, 1 have the honour to propane to you to de ride that, by way of exception, these officers shall, from Dec. 2 keit, receive the pay of " dispiuibiliti•," according to their rank, in the countriis which are assigned to them, or which they may have chosen for their residence. The pay ment to be made as they mny direct by powers of attor ney, which they will be called upon to execute. The .Voniteur also contains a decree for enabling the local authorities in Guiana to take speedy pos session of, and to award compensation for, any land or houses which may be required by the government in consequence of many having been made a penal colony. M. ltautian, ex-representative for Allier, was ar rested yesterday. The court-martial at Lous-le-Saulnier has sen tenced 9 prisoners to transportation. One of them is M. IL Burbler, editor of the Tribune de C.Est of the Jure. The number of prisoners now awaiting their trial in the Saone and Loire, before courts martial ordered by General Castellon, is 467. General Launorieiixe, on arriving at Cologne, wrote his name in the visitors' book, aid added to it tho word " proscribed." M. Michel (dc Bourget) has arrived in Brussels from Paris. Abd-el-Kader has written a letter to congratulate the President of the Republic, and to renew his re quest for liberty. The cx emir promises to refrain from any participation in any attacks which the Arabs may make against French domination. PARIS, TILI'ILSDAY EVENING. The most important feature of the constitution promulgated to-day is the last article, which pro longs the present dictatorship without assigning any definite term to the system of legislating by ar bitrary decrees. It is said that the present constitu tion will be in vigour from the day on which the great bodies of the state which it organizes are con stituted. But not a word is added to fix this im portant date, or to enable the public to form a con jecture as to the period when the great bodies of the state will be constituted. In the meantime the decrees promulgated by the President are to have the force of law. The constitution, therefore, with all its other shortcomings, has not even the benefit of a hpresent reality, but is as untangiblo as a rainbow ung in the clouds, while all the foreground of the political landscape is usurped by the bleak and rugged waste of sword-law and ruthless despotism. fhe only reason why the promulgation of the constitution was urgently demanded by this public wish was that people might know when the ordinary law is to re sume its course ; when their lives, proper ties, and personal liberties are to cease to lie at the disposal of absolute caprice; when they may lay their heads to sleep without fear of being awakened at dead of night by a commissary of police, and packed off to Cayenne ; when they are to be released from apprehension of ordinances subject ing the exercise of their callings to the control of prefects; when, in short, they are to be treated as Frenchmen, and not as Itussums It matters lees to a man to know the law under which ho may live some future day, than to feel the assurance that its benefits will not be forestalled by an edict of pro scription. Without assigning a more positive epoch for the commencement of its execution, the constitu tion is not a payment in cash, but a bill drawn at an uncertain (late. !So far from satisfying the public upon this leading point, there is no mention made of when the elections of the corps lvisitsin are to take place, or of any electoral law according to which this representative body is to be chosen. krom the circumstance of there being one deputy to every 35,000 of electors, we may estimate tho number of deputies at little short of 300. As the system of a scrutin de list is to be dropped, we may infer that the territory will be divided into small electoral die tricts, each of which will return one deputy. Paris will return about ten deputies. From what I can gather from conversation with several representatives of the late Assembly, the mo derate conservatives of that body, at least such as are not proscribed, will allow themselves to be pro powd as candidates for a seat in the corps legislatif I may mention by the way as certain that M. Leon Faucher will not decline a scat in the Chamber of Deputies should he be chosen. When it is remem bered that abstention can only mean despair or em bracing the hope of a violent and speedy revolution, a determination not to lose any ground, however narrow, upon which the Hag of discussion can be planted, can only deserve approbation. It was thus that the germs of liberties at the resto ration were gradually unfolded, and a regular field was broadened by degrees for sedulous cultivation by public opinion. Me only patent way, barring acci dents, to an improvement of the present deplorable state of things, is by making an earnest and energetic use of every handle given for bringing home to the public conscience those political convictions, which are at present utterly prostrated and exhausted. Any regular and open way of thus cherishing public opinion is better than the smouldering agitation, whose explo sions will only's) succeeded by aggravated oppression. Hence it is to be hoped that the system of absten tion will not be widely followed as regards elections to the corps kyislatifi Eminent liberals may with fG, JANUARY 16, 1852. four elements together, and bids them work for man's advantage. Under its influence the world has been metamorphosed, or, rather, the thick voile which shrouded its meaning from mankind have been removed, and we ere it now teeming with riches of which we had no coneeptioa--overflowing with - farces which, when brought under our subjection, multiply our own powers a thousand fold. Men walked through the world iu olden times as Aladdin walked through the subterranean garden, pleased, indeed, with the prettiness of the glittering fruit that hung on the trees, but utterly unconscious that each fruit was a jewel of price. They have now had their eyes opened, but are they to bo condemned to the same prepa ration for active duty in this new world as was sufficient for their forefathers in the narrow i limits of the old world? Foreign nations answer in the negative ; we, up to the present moment, have ; answered in the affirmative. In all foreign states institutions exist for the education of youth in those sciences; which have sprung into being within the last 300 years, and which are now operating upon the industrial arts with such tremendous power. What has been the consequence? We may learn this, in part, from the admission of Dr. LYON PLAY FUR, made in a lecture recently delivered at the Society of Arts. " The official reserve imposes' upon me, " observed the lecturer, *. as the commissioner appointed to aid the juries I in the Exhibition, need exist no longer, and from my per- Sellti conviction, 1 answer, without qui:litication, that great effects were visible as the result of this intellectual training exercised in foreign states as a preparation for active parti cipation in the arts of industry. Imy that the result of I the Exhibition was one that England may well be startled at. Wherever (and that implies, in every manufacture) science was involved as an element of progress, we saw, as an inevitable law, that the nation which most cultivated it was in the ascendant. Our manufacturers were justly as tonished at seeing most of the foreign notions rapidly ap proaching, and sometimes excelling, us in manufactures which were our own by hereditary and traditionary right. 1 feel it is a very grave matter for reflection whether the Ex hibition did not show very clearly that the rate of industrial advance of many European nations, even of those which were obviously in our rear, was greater than our own. You may, and I hope you will, raise industrial colleges, but the pupils ought to be trained preparatory to entrance. Un til schools accept, as a living faith, that the study of God's work is more fitted to increase the resources of a nation than a study of the amours of Jupiter or of Venus, the col leges will make no headway. In Paris, the average age of entry at the Central College of Arts and Manufactures is 19 years and three days. These pupils are will trained in science before they come here to he taught how to apply it. In this institution there are 300 youths well taught, and 150 each year are poured into the provinces. Some thing similar takes place in all parts of Europe. In Eng land we have only King's College, and there, the industrial education ends just where, on the Continent, it begins." How is this great evil to be corrected ? Plainly, if nut by quite dethroning the old classical educa tion from the position it occupies, at least by ele vating industrial education to the same level. So completely does the ancient system monopolise the place of honour, in spite of public opinion and com mon sense, that a large number of the most dis tinguished of our men and the most accomplished and must virtuous of our women, assembled the other day in Westminster to see the pupils of the school perform a play which, if written in English, would be too for representation in a penny theatre, the apo logy for the representation being that the piece was written in Latin. Latin was the language of the learned three hundred rears back, in Latin must an aspirant alter learning be trained now. True it is that I.atin is of little practical use to a learned man of the present day; true it is that the learning which has made the modern world what it is, has no connexion with the study of Latin; this is true enough, still Latin is the only object of attain ment worthy of the attention of a bay. Never mind if you pitch him out into the new world weak and powerless, with no understanding of its objects, with no eves or hands to make use of what is before him, ho has learned to comprehend the ancient world ; that is enough. There is no doubt that the evil has its root in that leaven of aristocracy which pervades all our institutions. The aristocracy have not yet conde scended to dirt their fingers with industrial employ ments. They therefore despise industrial training. The learning of an ancient time is consequently sufficient for them. Nay, it is a mark of distinction. It is time that the middle classes should assert their dignity. It is time that they should say to the aristo cracy : The times are changed. It is no longer your land, nor your chivalry, nor most certainly your intellectual acquirements, which will be looked to in the time of trouble. We, armed with science and art, fight the battles of nations. We claim, therefore, that the state should recognise these services by affording duo encouragement to that education which will enable us to develop our powers to the utmost. We claim to be recognised and rewarded for our services at least as highly as decipherers of Greek manuscripts, or spinners of Latin Alcaics. Until the due honours are paid to the great men of industrial activity, we are defrauded of our due rights. Until the man who directly or indirectly increases to a vast extent the productive resources of the nation receives equal honours with the soldier who fights for his country, the lawyer who legislates for it, or the churchman who prays for it, we are labouring without our re ward, and the nation itself must suffer. Dr. PLAY- Felled remarks upon the subject leave little further to be said, used arc well worth consideration: " In this country," he said, "we are, in many respects, remarkably unchangeable. Three professions—the church, law, and mediehte--ware supposed, some centuries ago, to represent learning, and, with a wonderful blindness, they still -er its are accepterl7 Inenstry, to which this colatzy ores s. success, has never teen raised to in due rank. For her WWI there are no honours, no recognition of social position. tier native dignity, if tacitly understood, has never been formally acknowledged. Science, which has raised her to this eminence, is squally unrecognised in position and honours, and from her very nature cannot attain wealth, which in industry solaces the absence o social position. This restriction of learned honour to three recognised pro- fessions has a lamentable effect on the progress of science and on industry. The consequence of this is that each of these becomes glutted with aspirants, who sink into subordinate positions, soured, disappointed, and perhaps dangerous to the community. Raise industry to the rank of a profession, as it is raised in other countries—give to an industrial uni versity the power of granting degrees , and the evil will be remedied." There can be but one opinion as to the truth of these remarks. The sense of an imperfect apprecia tion of their services is present in the minds of many of our industrial giants. The lower rewards which were formerly considered sufficient for men of this class they now despise. The consequence is, that discontent and heart-burning exist where the mast perfect union is desirable. The remedy for this lies an a proper revision and enlargement of our system of education, and a vigorous pursuance of that line of policy which appears to have suggested to Prince AtnEltr the foundation of the two endowments we have just mentioned. BURGLARY AT BAVENSWORTII CASTLE.-000 of the must daring burglaries which have been heard of for many years in the county of Durham was committed at ltaveneworth Castle, the residence of Lord Ravensworth, on Sunday night last. No fewer than four bedrooms in the Castle, each of which were occupied, were entered in the course of the night, and yet, strange to my, the thieves conducted their operatiens so noiselessly as to escape un heard. The butler was suddenly awoke about 2 o'clock in the morning by a flesh of light entering his bedroom, and be immediately got up, but observing two or three doors opened, he came to the conclusion that some of the servants were about, and again retired to rest. Early in tho morning the servants ascertained from various dr , cunistancts that the Castle had been broken into; the doors were standing open and a pane of oleos was broken in the, kitchen window, through which the thieves had enterer The lion. Adolphus Liddell, a son of his lordship, foe n d ' upon awaking that the door of hie bedroom was stand tog open, and that a la note and 1115 sovereigns had been from his dressing-table during the night. Charles Otter, E.g., a barrister on the northern circuit, who was on a vials at the Castle, found also that his room had been entered and about 12s. stolen. Flubeequent csamination showed ' that his lordship's as well as the butler's room had beau entered, thteigh nothing:was missed. A large amount et plate, gold watches and other valuable prop erty, w hi c h might t sadly have been removed, had bean pa , aed b y, as all were found to be perfectly safe and apparently untouched. . • Footmarks outside the Castle have been easim'.nevl by the rural ' police, as well as by a London detective officer, who had re , :ently been employed by the York, Newcastle, sad Bets wkk Railway Company, and they her.: come to the con . elusion that the burglary must have been committed by a person intimately acquainted with the premises, and that he removed his boots from hi. feet before entering at the kitchen window. It is probable that the thief or thieves' only object was to obtain possession of all the, money t h ey rink( Hurl, though it is pasible they may have been pre ' vented Irma further plundering the Castle by the awaking of the butler. Ilia. CALCUTTA OPIUM SALES radioed during the present year 3,197,1291.; in 1819 tad 1840 they were .3,19:1,0271 and 3,313,934 i. A falling tiff, in three years, of third of mil li on sterling is thus shown to have occurred. all the more credit compete for a seat as they cannot be taxed with mercenary motives, the functions of duty being now gratuitous. Meanwhile, it is to be feared that fresh lists of proscription will decrease still further the number of eligible candidates. You will perceive that the Ist article of the constitution recognises, confirms, and guarantees the great principles proclaimed in 1789. Yet no par ticular mention is made of the press, right' of meeting, individual liberty, or in fact of any of those great principles which are vaguely recognised in the lump. It needs no further proof that this ostentatious homage is a mere decep tion, than to note the restrictions as well as omis sions touching fundamental rights. Thus it is particularly noted that the usual clause of inviolability of the persons of legislators is omitted, a clear proof that it is in contemplation to use refractory depu ties and senator with as little ceremony as was adopted towards the representatives who met at the mayory of the tenth arrondissement. On the other hand, so little regard is paid to the freedom of the press, that no report is allowed to be published of the debates of the chamber of deputies; but only minutes of the sitting drawn up for the Moniteur by the board of assembly. Nor is this all; but the board itself is nominated by the President of the Republic; so that the right of the Chamber of Deputies to appoint their president and vice-presidents, which existed under Louis-Philippe, and was, in lact, the practical test of parliamentary independence, has been abolished by the new constitution. It is need less to add that the most emphatic means of express ing their political sentiments has thus been taken from the people's chamber. If the total silence of the constitution on the liberty of the press is an omission which astounds even those who gave the government credit for the most daring encroachments; the insertion of the oath demanded from all funs tionaries has produced still greater discon tent. I hear that the government reckons, by the application of this screw to the official conscience, to eject an immense mass of emidnip , s who are still too hottest to imitate the example of perjure. Thus places would bo provided for the famished herd of sycophants who besiege the Tuileries. You will per ceive that, although for the moment the President retains his present title, he is invested with all the attributes of royalty. : Indeed, by assuming the power of making treaties of peace he makes himself more absolute than the Emperor, under whom such treaties were submitted to the Senate for approval. Justice is to be administered in his name; that is, all writs, warrants, judgments, and judicial decrees are to be headed "In the name of Louis Napoleon," instead of as now, " In the name of the French people," according to the maxim "The king is the fountain of justice." An article of more importance, and in Det one of the most des potic provisions of the whole charter, is the l:lth, which annihilates the ministry as a deliberative body. When it is said that there is no "solidarity " be tween the ministers, and that each is only responsi ble for what concerns himself, it is meant that the ministers are no longer to hold cabinet councils, or to take resolutions in common. Each is to be, in other phrases, a head clerk of his department, and not a minister at ail in the real sense of that word. huts, if the minister of the interior wants to know what the minister of war is about he will be told to mind his own business. The ministers will possibly meet one another in salons, but they will no more deli berate in common, or hold more intimate communion than a clerk of the foreign office with one of the ministry of public works or any other department. By thus lowering the character of the highest functions in the state Louis Napoleon renders it im possible for any eminent and independent per sonage to become his minister. Thus lie tends to in crease the isolation in which he stands from all that is high-minded and intelligent, and to surround him self more and more with narrow-minded partisans. This is the more to be regretted, as half the violence of the President's latter acts is traceable, in a great measure, to his separation front the sound part of the nation, which drives him to a reckless display of force to cow the recusants into adhesion. To form some notion of the frenzied excess of rash ness which prevails in the highest councils, one ought to know the multitude of wild decrees that aro only prevented by accident from not being realised. I informed you some time since that it was in con templation to pass the proposition-Creton hi the shape of a decree at the some time when the consti tution should be promulgated. I now learn that this decree, the Ist article of which permitted the return of the Count de Chambord and the Orleans princes to France, threatened the same princes with confiscation if they did not within six months avail themselves of the abolition of the laws of exile against them, to declare their acceptation of the plebiscite sanctioned by Pt millions of votes. This menacing decree was only prevented from appearing in the Mogi/tear by an express from the Tuileries. The proclamation at the head of the constitution is written by the hand of Louis Napoleon ; and has been remarked as creditable in point of composition, and adroit in its phraseology. The appearance of the organic laws is delayed in order to judge of the reception of the constitution by the public before engaging further in the work of fundamental legislation. I now proceed to give you briefly what news I have been able to glean to-day. The constitution has been very ill-reeeived in public; and notwithstand ing the efforts of the government to give the Bourse a lift, securities have fallen. After mounting lfr. in consequence of the exertions of M. Foultfs agents, tho Fives fell 2fr., and thus closed a franc lower than yesterday. Generally the extravagant excess of power attributed to the executive in the new constitution causes it to be looked upon as a mere derision. All circles are much pre-oecupied with the subject of war. It has been noted as a grave sign, that English capitalists seek to rid themselves of their shares in French railways. It is said that the f.cole de Droit will be trans ferred to Orleans; and the Ecolo de Medicine to Montpellier. It is also rumoured that advocates will disappear and their business be done by avoues or attorneys. I hare previously alluded to the alarm inspired by the abolition of oral pleading in Austria, and the apprehension that the example set at Vienna might be followed here. There now seems some foundation for this misgiving. The University is not to be reorgan ified after its dissolution, which you are aware has been talked of for some time past. The greater indulgence shown to Cavaignac than to the other prisoners of liam, is not very charitably explained. fhe fact of M. Other, the uncle of lus bride, holding a bill for a considerable amount, signed by one of the foremost personages of the " situation," is assigned as the cause. At the Bourse the Five per Cents. fell 85c., closing at 1005 ; the Three per Cents. fell 85c., and closed at 6940. There were violent fluctuations, the Fives being at one time as low as 103140, after having opened at 104;. Bank of France shares rose 10fr. The railways generally lost the rise of yesterday. Havre fell 35; Rouen, 25; Marseilles and Northern, 15. ITALY. PIEDMONT. The Opinimee of Turin, of the 12th, publishes a sentence of the court-martial sitting at Modena, by which 17 persons, convicted of robbery, were con demned to death. It adds, that the sentence was executed on the spot. ROMAN STATES. The Osserratore Romano statem, from Naples, that the amount of subscription in favour of the victims of the late earthquake in the province of Basilicata was 420,000 fr. on the 31st December. . _ _ Our ltoman correspondent, writing on the loth of January, states that in consequence of the retire ment of Lord Palmerston from the secretaryship of foreign affairs, the pupal authorities were renewing their endeavours to have Mr. Freeborn recalled. Some French officers had been dismissed for opposing the President. The French commandant at Civita Vecchia had proclaimed that any one insulting a French soldier should be shot directly. A notification has been issued for alms in favour of the great Roman catholic church to he erected in London ; and a treaty has been signed with Holland for reciprocity in navigation and port duties. The Papal court is supposed not to approve of Louis N - poleou's becoming emperor. The Tay steam-ship, Captain Chapman, arrived at Southampton yesterday, with the Brazilian mail. Her dates are :—Buenos Ayres, Ike. 3 ; Monte Video, Dec. 9 ; Rio Janeiro, Dec. la; Bahia, Dec. 20; I'ernambuco, Ike. 23; Lisbon, Jan. 11. The Tay brings four hundred pounds of gold dust, twelve thousand pounds' worth of diamonds, a tolerable freight list, and 3.7) passengers (a brief Aim mary of the news appeared in yesterdays E+-joss , ). General Urquiza was crossing the Parana with a strong and effective force to attack Rotas. The opinion prevalent at Buenos Ayres was, that as soon as Urquiza should show himself the troops of ]toms would declare for him. Rosas had ordered that &I males, from 12 years of age to 60, should bear arms. People declare their opinions with more boldness now, which is considered as a sign that Rosa.' power is on the wane, and it is confidently stated that he will be obliged to fly. General Gurzon, who was spoken of as the new President of Monte Video, died suddenly. tribe was at his country house. At Buenos Ayres, since the last mail, an act hail been passed by the House of Representatives, ex onerating Rosas from the duty of delivering his annnal message and statement, and also exonerating him from the consequences of any eau he may per form for three years after the passing of the law. Another law, to ,prohibit the exportation of specie, had also been passed. By a decree of the govern ment of the Ist of December, the Hon. Capt. Gore was duly recognised as ehdrfs , irqtraires and consul general of her Britannic Majesty to the Argentine Confederation. Mr. Southern left Buenos Ayres on the 3rd of December for Rio in the royal mail steamer Prince, to assume the position as British minister plenipotentiary at the court of BraziL The British Packet has the following: AU agree that something must be done. - Things most long remelt in their present state. On the two banks of the Plate and the I'arana we have at least from 60,1100 to 70,000 men wailer arms; say 40,000 in the province of Buenos Ayres alone, and from 25,000 to 30,000 betwe,: Brazilians, Entreianos, and the other allies. With the ts• eeption of part of the Brazilians, all these are civilise , withdrawn from the arts and industry of social life, to Oa incalculable prejudice of young communities, in *h.: commerce, civilisation, and humanity are deeply inter, An early collision seems inevitable; but when, when ' in what form, are points on which it were in vain to pct uniformity of opinion. Viewed from dif rent eke, Lions, and seen through mediums more or less retrofit , . according to the personal or party views of tutlisteint.s every movement of the political kaleidoscope press nts no combinations that bewilder from their endless aua int•i haustible variety. The subjoined is from a private letter, dated Bin ns Ayres, Ike. 3. 'the writer is evidently too tin able to the cause of Gen. Itosas to speak impart..... , The Orientals are so strongly opposed to the B1.17:::4 , and to the rebellion of Urquiza, that they desert in lire numbers, having lately obliged the sacrament of M video to authorise Ueneral Cesar lhaz to shoot to as he may consider necessary till he puts a step fection so shinning. Bid joroclamatiens un the subj.. • will find in the Comereto del 1.14da, of the I lth anti ultimo, and in the Parket, of the 22m1 of the same 0. The rebellion of C rquiaa does not gain ground, 0-0 he yet justify, by any operations, his promised inv., the previnee of Buenos Ayres. Of the Corientin that followed his rank, instigated more by the affair than by adhesion, the greater part have tiewnt The Argentine troop that were delivered op to hint '' a ! sident Oribo are known to be adverse to his parr ttnt I will find it impossible to make them tight mono it Rotas. We have now daily arrivals of chiefs, odiett. soldiers belonging to those troops, who contrive to t • and immediately present themselves to the tiuthoriti - General Mesas has undoubtedly at his onion It• powerful army, and we ace no prospect of Urquiza or Brazil. Moreover, the provinces It 1. renewed their solemn pronunciation against I r , • claming him a traitor. an outlaw, and conterrine mt Items the full investiture of Supreme Chief of the. iteration, with unlimited power, and the commanti , chief of its armies, placing at his disposal all their I,OC. without reservation of any kind, and energetically ur.' him to oppose the treason of Criluira and the 0'0.11 , 1 . the government of Brazil. Consequently the triune,. General Itosas is confidently anticipated. Oe kve neral mbo U r n , ju t i .k za , , who left ~lontevide , ant the V of l with film 3 ,111$) soldiers had come over from the ltosas party within tin . 17 vious twenty days. Urquiza was passing o“ Intrerios, where lie was to be joined by ht troops, with the intention of marching sat Ayres. Ito intended to commence operation . .. - . I.sth. It was reported that much disaffection it' towards General ]toss, who, as he intended "- of AtSCI 4 pe ream. Ca • lan been reti.iit4 'T e 18th of ire t a. yl of the 20•1 Ej t e i l Wain eulkd • Presid tut con tget ILiron rna a s coil oinistry men, an whien of Volt; ever : Bel to Linn LLIAM. gitorY• wanes ' Five t the firm Pita, treaty a< a WIN.. the IM end dere w i ve s to be attaci. le coo,' re afford Pe I, r, t 1.n., I the ex Ipr,.(i a. ga to m Of 1. the xuni dry. Wen t bat the navi. led rAN : e lut es r t St g rs • • r• .1. •!., gimp tanthattivel itherGw y enta e stnr ir : sAceArtut et cng smylroe a t b t. utrical. Mao t Cu ual lend .:;:e t n of 0.• rat any thin] : it ear. reached (Apt the folio than cvi Is en .1 1 1- mined 1. Tants, n and tin: as farm nine! women , atm- exclusivo put the introduc was sub, l object ht. Ins t t.,. .1 the gore 11 export 4.: favour, The n. nilar.:it- October. rals serves : I prove te Baton from the c pal , about UPC Conch,. Pert the p ht that thew 1..., log so tat thuriti,s. digging. ▪ in party dm olojte. weeks. 1 Ids I+. !I is very lac lien Pin- Guntawal tame dew to ('ur- shows °xi Ind I utu The tutiou it that t ill this not taining 01111Ces it dwging, The di l IEI. 3 1 ). are still, a a is ex- and, g.n I artiv:.: are doing it signs- one in ali• Cannot best of tt quite apt. matters e to reap a The Fe IC from i Tired at an mail. There r Monte Gold is ti lin, Der. Mous men 11. The to sink ti Ind (kit, creases a been sun iond::, a rid ,nrm The sA). notice o with a Downs Mr. Al as. '1 he who had t as soon the neig if Rosa in Than that all sentfour lir arm?, tablishel boldness precious suftleirn irt' power seen ; b. that he aeveram who was lemon in deo, died The marks act had The Ives, appear t section ring his River, v aerating purthio. may per- the law. Ancl of specie, pore, a: govern- of intei pt. Gore Hokiat Id con,ul John N' rgeutine commit Lyres on y . al mail kirangi British and lie tIL seen thi said go and wh ogs rental brough • hank. ol lelandlt t 60.1100 to rovinee of water., I hetet , : The itb thr ~1. yeracil tit din- life, to the will IN i n *h.:: has be when - Los sin to been r. rent Belfret tilt, idi:s Upwor, nt , sew aua ;tics . was re and nn log the ed Mon. Unfurl at fat being • length tweet; vt in Lir: mile. t m of M easul the to t mss , w , Ca , '" break; 1 al; i pitot-t. wreck, 'event I. ni.r pilot-b anti she to, ' hi also not pr inl!•t off, if ' .ttie. • ball 11 With iTltl - aim. 1 , . and d. late h. take. kingdr • cot i•• tains the l IN is 1131006, r vitt id ir has 1.1 !ally ur. brews et. ie , • , u - I teen'. triun . ' , fund ai ) ON *lllO witty) her , ") i Ih in the pn• vetie 0 , F. . trigu( ' his •• Fed.l tat Il•• • than. Lout. o n e v.- wath , WNW • l" mina mad GERMANY. Tho following are two royal decrees the Prussian Council of State: REVIVAL OF THE COCNCIL OF STATE. I. Upon the report of the Miuistry of State of the 2,1 inst., 1 assent that the Council of State shall be attain edit into activity. 1 have confided tho vacant peat of !'residua of the Council to the President of the Ministry , 13,,un to Montt uffcl, for the present. I expect front the mini,ttr neec Bury propwails relating to the purpose fur whico Council of State is ' ed, and the other requisite ineaqir, connected with it. FREDERICK WILLIAM. Charlottcuburg, Jan. 12, 18:f2. Von MANITA'FFEL, Volt ItAl'MEa, Von der Ila V UT, Von W Est I'll A L SIMIJNA, You BOULLbt'll WIN.. To the Ministry of State. fraying resolved, according to the proposal of the mill to allow the Council of State again to assume it, m hereby confer on you for the present the plus of ! of that body, which Las been for a long period hare communicated the appointment to the n3itii-try. FREDEltleli Charlottenburg, Jan. 12, 1/142. Von MANTEUFFEL, Von Ital . Nttit, Von der llayuv, Von WEsreit t t.r N Sistmss, Von Dosim.stitais.. To the President of the linistry,ll.tron Vuu Manteuffel. General von Bonin is likely to be appointed P:., sign Minister or Var. SPAIN. MADRID, lAN : The military execution of the ring-leaders p day afternoon has sufficed to restore order is discontented regiments. The Government Is li. , or pretends to believe that it was instigated partizans of Narvaez, some of whose military fen ~•1• were ordered to quit Madrid last night without ,;:r preparation. The unhappy victims of the into::.; were shot to death in the Camps de Gual , . yesterday afternoon, with all the formalities of Th. military code. The Minister of War, General law. Nandi, afterwards harangued the troops, and them to take care not to let themselves dueed by ambitious men, who would take cm.. be out of danger, and let the poor soldiers expo 17, their crime. The Capt.-General, Armen), then sis,: He said that the rigour of military law had he en plied to men who had broken their oaths. ll: quire(' the most implicit subordination, and the strictest discipline, which he was deternms 1 to maintain at any east. Notwithstanding the ohom ing state of things, the government has not put the city} in a state of siege, as was expected. Yesterday no newspaper, except those ad4:iete.l:, the government, were permitted to be Minsk,- .1 into the barracks. The — rsigime contained an art..., addressed to the soldiers, explaining that the favours they demanded had never been granted in similar vie eumstahees. It was observed that all the generals al:, were provisionally employed were all either pers.:l,l enemies or rivals of General Narvaez. Balm. de Meer took command of the district of the pal s-e, General Pavia of that of Avapies, General Coneha that of Rilboa, &e. General Prim, who he, been some time suspected by the authuriti,,. has been exiled to the Canary Islands, an 2 General Ortega, who is the special object of hatred to the Minister of the Interior, has ordered to the Philippine Islands. Brigadier Pin zere, a favorite naval officer, has been sent to C.V. thagena. The Cortes are to be dis.solved, and I a u' assured that the decree abolishing the constitutiou about to be promulgated. GREECE. ATLIESS, DEI . The Grand Duke Constantine of Russia is vs peeted here. Some people say that on his arriv:2. the constitution will be abolished, and that sigoa• tures arc already being collected with that view. --- THE RIVER PLATE.