The Express. — London, England, 1847-02-23 00:00:00

IN THREE OR YOUR DAYS, WAGHOHN'S THIRD PAMPHLET on STEAM to AUSTRALIA.Letter addressed to Earl Grey. SnSib, Elder. and Co. ght regg. MAILS. Th e erer1111: e:, , A milts, via Mameillea, to the Mediterranean, yes, idea. Ceylon, India, Ilona how, se., will be made up on the ' ,vim, of the February. The so il, far Vigo. Oporto, Lisbon, Madeira, Cache, and Gibraltar, wi n to mo de up on the morning of the 27th February. myl. for New South Wales, Van Dietnen'e Land, tad New fo g a si .ral he node us on the earning of the let March. The Wist India inairs, including thaw for :Aerial, liondaras, and the lierantott. all be mode up en the morning of the 2nd Mirth. The nuile for Ilfitiiih North America, Bermuda, and the u n it e d N s will be made op on the evening of the r d Muth. Th. ovirlend ,Amts for Gibraltar, Malta, Greece, the lonian behinds, gem, Admi. Ceylon, India, (long-Kong, and China, rift noutliampton, made op ,n 1 the morning of the aid of March. The to,til. for the Itnitsilit, the Rircr Plate, Monte Video, remain bgeo, RAO. trim, and Burma Ayres, will be made up on the owning of the Ith March. TO CORRESPONDENTS. lie Adweitnit Ottloni of tbe DAILY NF.WS" and "F.XPRECS " me ban KEDVED from 90. EL, to No. In, • VElli E-STR E EET, FLEET.STEEET E , ET-4TREET contiguous to the Printing tad Publi-bing OMR.. We cannot none. In any way, any communication that bi rant to to asuemoutly ; hit Mott Whochnee to akin.... it In confidence will find dwir cofillelonoe ragweed. NEITHER CAN WE UNDERTAKE TO Rt. IT it '; ANY lII.ANUSCRIPTS WILATEVEIL o Ads'ertlfrwents intended for The Erpross, Lawton evenlne paper, non be et the Ma. by Two o'clock cm the day of publication. DIGO WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE. D, T —tiornine, 49"roin. pant 7 ; Afterown, 22 poet -Ilonteor—Mceninr, $ pea 9 ; Afternoon, 47 Min. poet 9. TO LONDON, TUESDAY, FEB. 23. IS the I louse of Lords yesterday a debate arose on the question of the third reading of the Destitute Per sons (Inland) Bill, at the termination of which the third grading Ns as postponed until this day. In the House of Commons, Lord MoneeTn, in an swer to Sir He LACY EVANS, replied that the govern ment was not prepared to sanction any proposition for erecting a new bridge to replace that of West minster in the present session. Viscount PALMERSTON stated, in answer to Lord JOHN MaNNErts,that he had reason to believe the destination of the 'forres Vedras prisoners had been changed to Madeira, or other of the Western Islands. The noble viscount also, in an swer co Mr. W'ATSON, said the report of the Emperor of Russia's having prohibited the expor tation of corn was groundless, and that large shipment; were making for this country. Mr. E. ELLICE, Jun., brought ander the notice of the house the damting state of distress existing in the Western Highlands and Islands of Scotland. Sir G. Gas iutignated that the attention of ministers had been already drawn to the subject, and trusted that, by the exertions of the proprietors, in co operation w ith those - of the government, the calamity with which Scotland was threatened would be averted. The house having resolved itself into a Committee of Ways and Melina, the CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER proceeded to make his financial statement. After adverting to tho dearth and consequent distress with which it had pleased Providence to afflict Western Europe, and par ticularly that portion of the United Kingdom which was least able to bear it, said that there never was a time in the history of this country in which its finances were so well able to bear the demands made upon them as at the present period, for in spite of the excess of advances over repayments, the balance in the exchequer was above nine millions. That, as regarded the customs duties, with the exception of those articles on which the duty had been reduced, there was, between April and December of last year, a considerable increase, as compared with the corresponding nine months of the preceding year ; and the same was the case with the excise revenue, with the single exception of the arti cle of soap. The whole increase of the ordinary revenue exceeding that of the previous year for the period stated by nearly half a million. He feared, however, he should be holding out a fallacious hope if he thought they could calculate on a continuance of circumatancea so favourable, for a nation's prosperity was seldom uninterrupted or unaccompanied by occa sional periods of relapse and financial derangement; bat he was far from thinking that there would be anything like the revulsion which took place in the years 182.) and 1836, because he saw no symptom of that, and should be sorry to say anything to induce such a belief. He was satisfied that the experience of former times had not been thrown away; he felt that the trade and commerce of the country were at the present time sound, and not merely specula. tive ; and he was prepared to attach great importance to the effect of Sir ROBERT PEEL'S bill for regulating the currency of the country. The right hon. gen tleman then went through the various heads of or dinary revenue and expenditure for the current financial year, showing a gross total of 32,065,000/. for the former, and 51,4'6,000/. for the latter. With regard to Ireland, he could not estimate the total sum that had been and would be required to be expended, advanced, granted, or lent, at less than ten millions, and the house would not be therefore surprised at his having resisted Lord GEORGE BENTINCK'S motion for advancing another sum of sixteen millions for railroads in that country. It was evident no amount of taxation, not even doubling or trebling the income-tax could ensure a remedy within the requi site time. He, therefore, proposed to borrow eight millions on exchequer bills, and to pay the interest on the loan out of the ordinary revenues of the country. A protracted debate ensued, after which the vote wee agreed to. IT must be felt at once that the budget, developed by the CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER last night, is an adjournment, rather than a solution, of the great financial and economical difficulties created by the failure of the Irish peasant's crop. It would, how ever, be unreasonable to expect, in each a crisis, and in the last session of the legislature too, a matured scheme for repairing the damage done to English finance, as well as to the social system in Ireland. However undesirable it was for government to have had recourse to the money market at such a time, still, to do so for more or leas was inevitable, whilst the buoyancy of the revenue derived from customs and excise rendered any recurrence to direct taxation or augmentation of it unusually inopportune. This large question has been wisely deferred to a year, we trust, of more abundance and more general tran- quillity. Many, however, will be at a loss to comprehend the motives of government's being so very provident, so determined to have its coffers well filled, and prepared for every contingency. The CHANCELLOR of the Ex- CHEQUER stated one or two reasons. We hope they may be, or may prove the only ones for such tena- ' done grasping at, and procuring of, the sinews of all governments. There is, however, much that is cheering in 'the financial statement. The increase in the customs, Meted out by the CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER, testimony to the vigour of the country; for it mot be remembered that last year was a year not only of suffering and privation for a large portion of the empire, it was, what is worse, a year of despon dency over our present state, of uncertainty as to the future. The improvement has gone on in spits of the suffering and high prices induced by the reduced stocks of grain. Even the panic arising from the spread of the potato blight over all Ireland, and a great portion of England, has not checked the increasing consumption of imported goods. It is mainly owing to the increased customs receipts that the excess of revenue over the estimate of last year is 2,846,0001., and that 2,000,0001. have been available for the relief of distress in Ireland hitherto. The amount of the sum requinel for further relief, although large, is not calculated to alarm the nation, which has long been Prepared for such a demand. A loan of 8,000,0001. is required. How far this is to fructify in the Irish soil, or be repaid by Irish landlords, is a question on which several members evinced incredulity, and others im patience. But the sum must be supplied and spent, sad it will be tot the wisdom of parliament and the government to devise how best it can be rendered rofitable, or expended with least harm and least loss. !lir. Ito RBI; CK'S proposal not to vote money for the starv ing till means were devised for its repayment would indeed have been an indefinite adjoura , nent of relief.. The Irish form no such overwhelming majority lathe house as to be able to oppose and ennui what the fair sense of the majority may award. The ministerial statement implies, or contains a strong refutation of the idle boastings in which the advocates of restriction have indulged. Free-trade for England meant the opening of our markets for supplies of those articles which we could not produce SO cheaply as other countries. Had we, in trying the experiment discovered that manufactured goods were amongst the objects in which we could be undersold, then indeed would there have been reason to declaim against the abolition of protection. It seems that no such result has transpired. The enormous customs' revenue which has swelled the treasury receipts is raised from articles of food, not from the products of the looms or workshops of our rivals. What was expected is taking place. Under mode -1 rate duties the consumption of foreign food has in creased. Nor can any . alarm be excited by an absence of a corresponding increase in our exported goods, although such a result may be confidently looked forward to at no distant period. For to what end will Russia, with America, send us their grain ? Surely not to accumulate gold or silver, which they annually raise in masses, ar.d export with all possible speed. They sell their corn that they may buy goods which their fertile plains do not produce, and their demand cannot under present circumstances be long deferred. Amongst the reasons why we anticipate a favourable reception of the government scheme is one that we deem of considerable weight. The uncertainty as to the extent of the demand which the minister would have to make has long kept the trading world in agitation. The general appearance of commercial prospects have deterred from permanent investments. Sums of money, to what extent it must be hopeless to determine, have doubtless been kept floating for some time back, and have probably, assisted in aggravating the crisis, by the temptation held out to the owners to invest them in grain. The steadiness which may be anticipated to result from the plan now before the public will dispel the doubts of the holders of disposable capital, while the proposed loan will afford a more desirable investment than corn, which has evidently become a dangerous article of speculation. Should the Chancellor of the EXCHEQUER, therefore, which we scarcely anticipate, be forced to grant tempting conditions to till his list, the loss to the country on one side will be amply compensated by the saving of taking away all inducement to run up the price of food, while he is providing the necessitous with the means of purchasing it. On the whole, the government has every reason for self-congratulation in bringing forth a financial scheme met by so few rational objections, and calling forth opposition so little formidable. Lord GEORGE BEN TINCK indeed got once more astride his railroad, which he represented as the sole element of prospe rity, past and future. But the house . has had enough of this hobby for one session. To ask whether India (or an other country) would be benefited by the introduction of railways, is to ask in other words whether it would be benefited by the introduction of the mode of transport for persons and goods most expeditious and economical—most easily made to move with clockwork punctuality, and causing the least wear and tear of any yet devised by the wit of man. Of course, any country would be benefited by the introduction of railways. Can railways be introduced into India at present, is a question not so easily answered? In so far as a I presumption for or against the practicability of the scheme is afforded by the business talent and expe rience of the parties who have volunteered the task, we must candidly say that there is only one of the companies in the field, whose direction is calculated to inspire much confidence. And it may be observed in general, with regard to Indian railway schemes, that their projectors have been at least suf ficiently sanguine. In moat instances their ideas of India have been derived from maps, and the " tosses " , which intervene between their termini appear to have been regarded by them as little longer than their cor responding spaces on the chart. These gentlemen speak as confidently of constructing a line from Cal cutta to "Agra, or Lahore of Great Mogul," as they could of making one from London to Dorking; as complacently of bridging the Ganges, as the Mole or Wandle. 'They have overlooked the difficulties op posed to engineering is an alluvial country, inter sected by colossal rivers on the tropical line, by the alternation of wet and dry seasons, and the force of vegetation. We know that no adequate pains have been taken to estimate fairly the labour and coat which mast go to the construction of tropical railways on so large a scale ; and we distrust the competency of men to carry through such more than Herculean enterprises who undertake them so rashly and heed lessly. The competency of the undertakers is an im portant item in attempts to estimate the probable success of the undertaking. But competent or not, the local authorities:in India, it is pretty obvious from the reports presented to parliament, are the reverse of anxious to afford them an opportunity of trial. Mr. CAMERON expresses the sentiments both of himself and of his colleagues in " the government of India, in the legislative department," when he says—" The principal objects of' railroads in India are, it seems to me, political objects, and belong to government. The commercial advantages, I think, should be looked upon as affording the means by which government can enlist private skill and capital in this particular service of the state." This, being interpreted, means that the Indian government wish to possess a system of rail ways as a political engine; and that being unable to construct them, they will hold out inducements to private adventurers to make the lines for them. To what do the inducements held out amount? To this. Government will provide the land; the com pany are to be at the entire cost of construction ; goverument will not guarantee any dividend ; govern ment will reserve the power to take the possession of the railroads after a certain period on "settled terms;" government insists that in the event of failure to com plete the railway, the works and materials shall be forfeited to it, and that any "gross irregularities"' in working the line under the regulations which it is to prescribe, shall be attended with absolute forfeiture. Government will claim to have its mails, troops, stores, &c., conveyed on favour able terms; and lastly, government will reserve the power of regulating the profits of railway companies. It is not easy at present to find profitable invest ments for money, but matters have not yet come to such a pass as to render it likely that any solvent capitalists will accept of these conditions. The Indian government propose to enter into partnership with a railroad company or companies for a limited period. The government is to find the land at an expense of about 2001. per mile: the companies are to find everything else, at an expense of about 15,0001. per mile. The whole expense of working the lines is to be borne by the companies. Government is to give directions how the railway is to be managed, and is to have its carrying work done cheaper than other I people ; a number of conditions are introduced to give it the power of turning the companies out of possession before the termination of the partnership arrives, and at all events when it does arrive they most give up the stock in trade at a valuation. Lord HARDINGE has already told the local autho rities what reception such terms are likely to receive at the hands of English capitalists: " I am confident that English capitalists will not, without more sub stantial encouragement from the East India Company, enter into the speculation." So, if the Court of Directors have adopted the views of their local representatives in Calcutta, the introduction of railways into India may be regarded as indefinitely postponed. Wm! regret, not unmixed with alarm, we direct attention to the intelligence from South Aus tralia, in another column. That colony, so long the butt of flippant or malignant misrepresentation, was, up to the beginning of last October, the seat of undoubted prosperity. Its young mining industry was being rapidly developed; its wool exports were steadily increasing ; a wider home market was open ing for its agricultural produce ; and still there re mained a large surplus for export to the neighbouring colonies. Withal, there were no symptoms of un healthy excitement—of any tendency to rash specu lation. Labourers were well employed, and well paid, and unprecedented vigour was displayed in the local inventions to economise field labour in agri cultural operations. This pleasant state of affairs this prospect of an asylum fa , unemployed labourers and ca pitalists, unable to find adequate investments in England—has been endangered. The disturbing element of fierce political contest has been introduc ed to unsettle men's attention to regular industry ; and, what is worse, it bee been introduced by a high-handed attempt to force a measure of questionable expediency itself, and extremely unpalatable to the colonists, through the legislative council. The act of parliament under which the colony of South Australia was founded, the Land Sales Act common to all the Australian Colonies, and the original land grants of South Australia, contem plated, that grants of waste land in that colony should carry with them t. all that is above and all that is beneath the surface." On the 3rd March last, regulations were prepared by the Governor in Council (gazetted on the sth of the same month) declaring that a royalty of one fifteenth of all metals or metallic minerals should be 'reserved in all future grants. A reserve to this amount, it is declared byexperiened settlers,will have the effect of stopping the working of many . mines. However this may be, it is certain that it a ill have the effect of materially checking the development of mining industry. In South Australia all land is sold at an upset price of I/. per acre. This 11. does not represent the value oT the land ; there is more land in that colony than can be used by the present inhabitants, and consequently land has no value in exchange any more than air or water. The 1!. is exacted:—in the first place to check the acquisi tion of large tracts of wastelands by individuals with a view to leave them waste till they acquire a value from land becoming more scarce : in the second place to preclude the jobbery, favouritism, and political cor ruption always attendant on a system of gratuitous land grants; in the third place, to render it necessary for those who reach the colonies penniless to work for wages a year or two, in order to earn the means of purchasing land ; and lastly, to provide a fund for affording free passages to labouring emigrants. If the sum of 1/. per acre is adequate for these purposes, every additional penny exacted is inexpedient, inas much as it must retard the utilisation of land. In disposing of waste lands, their comparative fertility or minerel wealth ought not to affect the price; the su periority of one lot over another is the just reward of the skill and enterprise shown in its selection, and a stimulus to ingenuity and industry. Even though the upset price of lands should be thought too low, the alteration ought to be in the price; the system of reserving quit-rents or any analogous payments having proved uniformly detri mental. As inexpedient in itself, and contrary to the fundamental laws of the colony, the Royalties Bill ought never to have been introduced. And even had it been the most politic measure in the world, it ought never to have been pressed as Governor ROBE pressed it. On the second reading, four non-official members voted for and three official members against the bill. The governor set aside the decision by giving both a deliberative and casting vote in its favour. The consequence has been that the non-official members in a be ly left the council-room in disgust, with the sympathy of all the colonists who were witnesses of the scene. We do bust that the home government will instruct their local representative to desist from the impolitic measure, and to show more respect in future for the rights and immunities of those over whom he is placed intemporary authority. IT is with sincere pleasure that we are enabled to announce the speedy completion of an arrangement relating to the Colonial mails, calculated greatly to facilitate the correspondence of parties having con nexions with the Colonies. Postage stamps are in preparation (and almost ready to be issued) by which prepayment maybe effected on letters to any places out of England which are covered by the shilling postage. These will, of course, be available for all our colonies without exception, for the territories of the East India Company, and our Mediterranean dependencies. This is a boon that will be thankfully received by all who have occasion to transmit letters frequently to those places. The journals and correspondence of Sunday from Paris bring no intelligence of general interest. The quarrel between Normanby and M. Guizot seems to have attained to a pitch of acrimony which renders it difficult to conceive a reconciliation. It is now certain that M. Guizot made it a personal ques tion with all his political friends and supporters of the government to decline the invitation received from the embassy, which they accordingly did. The government Prosecution against Le National for its animadversions on the King has failed, the juri, having acquitted the editor of that journal. a Presse devotes its four leading columns as usual to the most virulent abuse of Lord Normanby and the country he represents. We have been, I .nwever, assured that the violence and continuance of the dia tribes of this journal against England, and its personal abuse of the foreign secretary and the ambassador are disapproved of by M. Guizot himself. In con nexion with this journal we may mention a curious circumstance. Is its fenilleton of Sunday there is a paragraph censuring in strong terms the Pr ease itself, for its personality towards Lord Normanby, and what is more singular still, this fruilleton is written by Madame de Girardin, the wife of the writer of the offensive articles in the body of the same paper. This lady is a feuilletoniste well-known under the fictitious signature of the Vicomte de Launay. There is still another curious circumstance connected with this matter. Madame de Girardin was one of the guests at Lord Normanby's party on Friday evening, while Monsieur, her spouse, graced the salons of M. Guizot. We have received the Madrid mail of the 15th inst. A breach has taken place in the cabinet owing to unexpected exigencies on the part of Gcner al Pavia, which were opposed by his colleagues, upon which he resigned. The ministers decided on waiting upon her Majesty to request her to accept of the resignation of General Pavia. It was said that General Josi. de In Concha would be appointed Minister of War, and M. Olivan Minister of Marine. ROME, F. 8. I fear Austrian influence in Roman affairs is but " scotched, not killed." The old serpent seems yet lively enough, and twines itself round the high priest , and his ministers after the old Laocoon fashion. Last week afforded a case in point. At the instigation of the Kaiser's embassy here, a domiciliary visit was made at the shop of the liberal bookseller, Naftali, and all his stock in trade overhauled in the most unceremo nious style. The murder at last was found out: and what d'ye think came uppermost ? Six hundred copies of a pamphlet bearing the print mark of " Paris," and embodying the speech of Count Mon talembert, is the French Peers, on the massacres of Galicia and Tarnow ! Also a few copies of the elo quent Abbe Gioberti's political and religious essays, which do honour to Italian and Christian literature. The indignation of all honest men is aroused at this wanton inroad on the declared policy of Pitts IX. ; and it has neutralised to a great extent the effect of the late " sermon." In every social meeting of every class the following " card" is circulated refleoting on this act of the new governor. Lo Stawtwv perfloieito Doi Coweittadixi. oleo Um Igarbst Mamba rise a teal ; peas Grawill lima win aims sisal ; apes a wi Amid alms (Welker qval r. II program! And, certainly, if the attention of Papal authority is directed towards rectifying the press, it might find other game besides the works and speeches of two most distinguished members of its own communion : men who combine, iu rare conjunction, sincere faith with high intelligence and impressive logic. There is, for instance, a book which has a greater circulation in the Roman States than the New Testament, or Thomas I Kempis, called the " Book of Dreams," or the oracle of the government lottery. Wheelbarrow fule are sold to the populace at every fair, and it is often the only book in a whole village. The faith of credulous ignorance in this book is a most astounding fact; and no later than four days ago, at the drawing of the lottery,an instance of its infallibility was quoted in all the haunts of the people. A labourer fell from the scaffolding of the new hospital in the Corso, end was killed on the spot ; his fellow-workman left the corpse in the street, and ran to consult his " Book of Dreams." Paura, sangue caseate, were the cabalistic words, whose corresponding numbers set forth therein he seeded for his investment of fifteen bajoechi. On Saturday, his three numbers all came forth from the government urn, winning a prize of 300 dollars ! Your noticing the absurd crusade against Monte- i lembert's speeches and aiobertes works, while such mischievous rubbish is allowed to poison the popular mind, will have proper effect here, as your paper is diligently perused at head-quarters, the news-room copy . being occasionally stopped, an evidence of over sensitiveness. The subject of the infamous lottery system is, however, too vast for a casual notice, and deserves a separate letter : its degrading and immoral operation on every class of this pauper yet gambling community has been exposed by the best writers of Rome itself to no purpose hitherto. Sarcastic poetry has aimed its shaft of ridicule in vain ; for the pulpit, alas! is not allowed to touch on the tabooed top i c: Evriva la Imo Cbe lotto =adieu* 11 repo del grew Ci 'mole on ran brae: I mall, i blontml li mini rode, E lieno prorrede Col libro dot sopa. The carnival has begun brilliantly to-day. FRANCE.—THE CARE op M. ALEXANDRE DCMAS. —The civil tribunal gave judgment on Friday in the actions brought by M. de Girardin, want of the Prase, and M. Wren, gs'reint of the Constitulionnel, against M. Alexandre Dumas for the breach of engagements into which be had entered relative to the supply and publication of his romances. After some lengthy development of the facts of the ea.e with which the reader is acquainted, the judgment proceeds thus :—The tribunal dismisses the original demand of Emile de Oirardin against Alexandre Dumas, and the gr;ronte of the Siicle. the Esprit Public, the Patric, the Commerce, end the Steil; declares that he can recover nothing for the present as to the advertisement of 21st September, 1845, reserving, however, to him to take anent measures a, he may think necessary when the treaty alluded to in the said advertisement shall come into effect ,• says that there is no reason to decide on the demand formed against the Mode and Dumas with respect to the advertise ment of the romance " Elizabeth; " neither is there reason to decide on the demands in guarantee occasioned by the principal demand ; but giving effect to the additional con clusions signified the 11th December, 1848, fixes at eight volumes and one-fifth the quantity of manuscript due front Alexandre Dumas up to the said llth December, 1846, and accords him a period of eight months and a half, com a mencing from the lot of March next, to clear off that arrear ; orden in consequence that, within six weeks from the said Ist of March next, Alexandre Dumas shall be obliged to remit to Emile de Oirardin the manuscript of the first of the volumes of which the tribunal declares him debtor, that is to say, the continuation of the " Mernoires d'un til&lecin," and that he shall remit the other volumes from month to month, best.nning 15th April next, until he shall have entirely (lean d off the arrear ; and in case Dumas shall neglect us make the deliveries within the time specified, condemns hlm to pay to Emile de Oirardin the sum of 100 f. for each day's delay during thre morths; orders that, in ease of noo-payment of the said damages, Demus shall be liable to arrest, when the amount shall have exceeded 300 L! says that there is no ground for deciding restive to the volumes to be furnished from Dec. 11, 1846, to April 1, 1847 ; but orders only that the treaty shall be executed in its form and tenour, except, however, as regards the term of the debt, which is prorogued from April 1, 1847, to July 1 following, the period of the commencement being changed ; condemns Alexandre Dumas to pay to Emile de Girardin 3000 f. as damages for the delay in the execu'ion of the very, with liability to arrest in case of non-payment, but only in six mouths from this day ; condemns Emile de Ginirdin to the expenses of the demand against the other newspapers, as also to the expenses of the demand against Dumas with respect to the advertisement in the Mode; condemns the Made to the expenses of the demand against it, but only up to March, 1846, at which period it gave satis faction to the complainants; condemns Dumas to the ex penses of the demand contained in the conclusions of Dec. 11, 1846, including the registration of the treaty necessitated by the process; and orders that the cost and signification of the present judgment shall be borne by Duntse—Golig nen& a Messenger. A horrible crime has been committed in the de partment of La Crease. Ate marriage festival in one of the villages a violent dispute arose between one of the guests and his son-in-law. The father, excited by drink, began to abuse his daughter, and left the party i n a state of great irritation. lie proce eded at once to the house of his daughter, who was in bed asleep. He placed a pistol he had provided himself with close to her forehead, and pulled the trigger. The pistol missed fire, and the daughter, aroused by the noise, and seeing her father at her bedside with a weapon in his h tid, implored him to have mercy upon her. lie re plied by alneland threats. wetted rof play mg her husband false, and saying she should die by bit hands, blew out her brains with the pistol. After committing the fearful act, this monster in human form went to one of his acquaintances, told him he Lad killed his daughter, and asked for some brandy to drink. Alarmed by the threats of his father-in law, the husband of the unfortunate woman had, mean time, proeeeded.to his home, when, to his horror, he found the corpse of his wife. He immediately gave the alarm, and the house in which his father-in-law had sought refuge was surrounded. This latter seized a hatchet, and threat ened to split the head of the first man that advanced. One, more bold than the rest, seized his arm, and he was cap. tured and given up to the authorities. ITALY AND SWITZERLAND. AUSTRIAN INTEILVESITION.—Adrices received in private letters from Italy sod Switzerland have created some anxiety respecting the apprehended intervention of Austria in the anti real affairs of the se countries. The opposition between the liberal Cantons and those of the league on one side of the Alp!, and the dinpodtion to a progressive and enlightened policy in the governments of Sardinia and the Papal States have calmed repressive denteastrsi'ons on "Zlstri of Austria. That re,: s e t?: re m en t ass o Switzerland marc h e d l an ar g :" PiedM es on o t f . The s Sardinian govetement on its part is reported to be on the point of call ing under arms all the contingents. It has already given orders to the commissaries and directors of arsenals to be pre pared with the entire supplies necessary to nut the army on a war footing. It is said that in the event of any disturbance in the legations the King of Sardinia will intervene in favour of the Pope; but it is added that Austria, which opposed the Sardinian intervention in 1832, will still more energetically type° it now, being favourable to the Italian cause. The present cause of disturbances has arisen in the univenity of Pavia and at Modena. In Switzerland the Ultra-Mon tane league shows itself more aril more decided to try an attack on the liberal cantons. The Jesuits no longer conceal their hopes of triumph. The Gazette de Zurich says : "On Friday last the Jesuit Vericonde announced from the pulpit that the Protestaies would speedily be annihilated, and that I no other trace of their existence would be left save what his tory may preserve." VENICE.—Tho Turkish envoy Schekib-Effendi arrived at Venice on the 7th, on his way ta Rome and Vienna. On the 9th the Duchess de Berri arrived at Venice, with the intention of remaining there for the remainder of the winter and the spring. GERMANY.—INTENDED ASSASSINATION.—A let ter from Plauen (Saxony), of the 14th inst., says i—Among the letters returned to the bureau of the poet-office, owing to their reception having been refused, and which are opened by the post-office directors ' so as to return them to the writers, was one addressed by a meson of our town, named Haustein, to the monastery of the Capucians, at Prague, in Bohemia, in which he offers to proceed to Breslau and to assassinate M. Ronge, the founder of the German catholic sect, provided the convent would pay the expenses of his journey, amounting to the small sum of about 21. Haustein has been arrested. GREECE.—ATHENS, JAN. 30.—The Chamber of Deputies has just voted the ensemble of the bill for the re organisati-n of the bishoprics. The representatives of the nation have placed the nomination of the bishops in the king's hands. The discussion on the budget was to com mence on the let of February. Maters are going on smoothly, but en incident of some gravity occupies the atten tion of the government. In 1841 an insurrectional move ment broke out at Thessally, in which a Greek officer was said to be compromised. To prove to Turkey its desire of maintaining order, the Greek government caused this officer to he incarcerated in the fortress of Nauplia. He was afterwards restored to his command, on furnishing gua rantees. Since then the conduct of this officer has been exemplary. After the events of 1843, the king rewarded him by making him one of his aides-de-camp. Lately, pri vate affairs called this officer to Constantinople. He re ceived a passport, which he presented on the 24th Jen. for the visa of the Turkish envoy, who refused to give it. On the same eveeing, one of the secretaries of the Ottoman legation waited upon bun, and informed him that it was not in the power of the Turkish minister to vise the passport. On the 25th there was a private court ball. The Turkish minister was present. The king appeseehed him, and in the presence of different members of the caps diplontatique remarked " that he should have supposed that the king and his guarantee were worthy of more reopen than he (the Turkish minister) had shown." Boar afterwards the Turkish minister left the ball, and the next day wet a natal° the government to justify hie conduct. COLONIAL. COLONIES. We have recefveaifie.§ouiisTilteirilian Gazette of the 3rd October. In addition to intelligence from that colony of not the most satisfactory kind, it contains news from Sydney, four days later than we have previously received. SOUTH AUSTRALIA.—ROTALTIES El bill for regulating and securing the collection of her Majesty's royalties and dues in respect of metal. and metallic ores," was moved in the legislative council on the 30. h of Septem ber. Mr. Morphett immediately roes to express his decided opposition to the principle of the bill. The Colonial &ere tary interrupted him, on the ground that it was out of order to oppose a first reeding. The governor looked upon Mr. Morpbett's proceeding as "an in convenient precedent:" it belonged to him to point out what was to be discussed. Mr. Morphett stated, that, con sidering the principle of the bill contrary to acts of parlia ment, he would endeavour to prevent its being proceeded with. The governor decided that the hon. member was out of order; and the bill was read a first time. On the 2nd of October the advocate-general moved the second read ing of the bill. Mr. Morphitt opposed the motion. Any rights her Mitjesty might have possessed in minerals ceased under the act of parhament which conveyed all minerals with the lend. The act founding the coinny, eetedished a uniform system of selling land without reservation of minerals ; and the fifth clause provided for the conveyance of land in fee with all the timber and minerals. The taking away of 7 per cent. would cause many mines to stop working. Mr. Morphett moved that the bill be read a second time that day six mouths. The other three non-o®- del members of the council spoke in aucceseion spinet the measure. The governor, advocate-general, colonial secre tary, and the registrar-general, defended it. The council divided on the amendment, when there appeared i—For it, Messrs. Morphett, O'Halloran, Begot, Davenport (non-offi cial members). Against, Messrs. Mundy, Seidl., Start (official). The governor then gave his deliberative and also his casting vote against the amendment, and declared it lost. Immediately afterwards the non-official members rose in a body and walked out of the enuncil.room, leaving the sovernor without a quorum. His Excellency, after consulting toe crown offi cers, declared the council adjourned SI the tith of October. On the 23rd of September the local directors of the South MutesLan Mining Comp;ny, attended by their legal ad viser and a notary public, proceeded to the Registry Office to protect against the impo: ition of royalties, and the con ditions of the land grant then tendered for the special survey of 20,000 acres at the Reedy Creek. The protest under whieh the grant was accepted is name of the company pro ceeds on the general ground of the illegality of the reserva tion of royalties, and also on the following special circum stances in the company's case : The Waste Lando Act declares that all waste lands of the crown in the Australian colonies shall be conveyed arcording to a certain form of land grant. In this form the expression is used "all that is above and all that is beneath the surface." The pa, went of 20,0001. for the special survey above-named was made in England on the 11th of J uly, 184.5. The official certificates of payment were lodged in the Colonial Secretary's office, at Adelaide, on the 3rd of March, 1846. The minute of the Lieut.-Clovernor, imposing a mineral reserve, or royalty, was published for the first time in the South Australian Gazette of the sth day of the same month of March. It wos, therefore, grossly unjust to subject the purchasers to terms imposed after their purchase was completed. The Royalties Bill consists of lice clauses. The first declares that a aeignorage of one-fifth of all metals shall he reserved in any grants of land made since the 3rd of March, 1846. The second declares the terms on which the seignorage may be commuted. The third makes provision for the residence of a government inspector wherever mines are opened. The fourth enacts th a the appointment of such inspector shall be notified in the government Gazette. The fifth imposes a penalty upon the removal of ores from the mouth of the mine without giving notice to the inspector. NEW SOUTH WALES.—OPENING OF TIIE LEGIBLATIV COI: sett..—On the Bth of September Governer Fitzroy opened the session of the Legislative Council in moon. In his speech be expressed satisfaction at being able to congratulate them on his first meeting on the returning prosperity of the colony. It was his anxious wish to administer the government on " impartial, just, and con stitutional principles." To this end he must acquire per sonal knowledge, sad it would be unbecoming to pronounce any opinion at so early a period of their intercourse. It I was, therefore, his intention to propose only such measures as were immediately necessary to carry on the government. The estimates were the most important part of the busi ness. As soon after the clew of the session as possible he intended to visit several districts, including some parts be yond the boundaries of locatim. Ho thus hoped when they met again to be able to propose measures for the main tenance of harmony, advancement of the public weal. and establiahment of confidence in his administration. Much satisfaction was expressed with the terms and spirit of the speech, and an address unanimously voted. The governor was heartily cheered by the crowd without on taking his seat in his carriage. I INQUEST.—SUICIDE, BROMLEY.—At the Bell lon, Bromley, on Saturday, before hf r. Canter, coroner for Kent, on the body of W. Ray, aged 40 years, a dealer in corn. The de , ceased on the previous Sunday attended churcb,and afterwards to'd several of his ft lends that the minister, in his sermon, bad pointedly alluded to him in reference to the church rates, and notwithstanding the assurance of his friends that it was entirely a delusion, he wan not satisfied. On Thursday evening he called upon, Mr. Alexander, and remained an hour or two, and shortly afterwards left the house saying that he would return in a minute or two. Not doing so in a quarter of an hour Mr. Alexander Moose alarmed, owing to deceased's state of mind. They then went in search of him, and in about half an hour his body was discovered in a piece of water called the moat, adjoining the palace of the 'Bishop of Rochester, quite dead. The place where be was found is within a few minutes' walk of his Own house. A verdict of "temporary derangement " was returned. THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 23, 1847. gEbc Court. - - The Queen and Prince Albert rode out on horse hack, yesterday, in the vicinity of Claremont, attended by some of the gentlemen of the royal suite. Their RR. IIH. the Prince of Wales, Prince Alfred, the Princess Raj al, and the Princess Alice walked and rode on ponies, yesterday, in Claremont-park. 11.11.11. the Princess Helena was also taken On airing, yesterday. Sir Robert and Lady Gardiner had the honour of joining the royal dinner circle at Claremont, yesterday evening. 14.11 Il the Duchess of Kent, attended by Lady Fanny Howard, arrived at Cashiohury-park, Herts, the re sidence of her Majesty the Queen Dowager, yesterday morn ing, from town. H.R.11 partook of a dryeemer with her Majesty, and in the afternoon leR Cwhiobury-park for town. Their RR. H H. the Duke and 1 /uchesa of Cambridge, the Princess Mary, and hie Serene Highness Prince Frederic of Hesse, visited the Model Prison at Pentonsille, yesterday. H.R.H. the Duchess of Kent, attended by Lady Fanny Howard and Sir George Cuuper, honoured the per formance of the French Plays with her presence, last evening. A deputation from the Steam-ship Owners' Asso ciation, accompanied by Mr. Matthew Forster, M.P., had an interview 3 esterday with the Earl of Clarendon at the office of the Board of Trade—The Right Hon. the Speaker of the House of Commons, and Sir William Heathecte, had an interview with the Right Hon. E. Strutt yesterday, at the office of the Commissloners of Railways.—Mr. Greene, M.P., had also an interview with the right hon. gentleman yesterday. DEATH' OF GENERAL DARROCII OF GOUROCK.— We have to record the death of General Duncan Darroeh of Gourock, whieh occurred at his in msion on Tuesday last, the 16th inst. The general entered the army in March, 1792, having been appointed ensign in the 41st regiment at the age of Pl:teen; he became lieutenant in 1791 ; captain in the 104th by . purchase in 1791, and major also by pur chase, in that regiment, in the same year. In 1800 he was appointed lieutenant-colonel. In 1810 he was promoted to the coloneley, and in 1812 was placed oa the staff of North America as brigadier-general. In 1813 he was appointed major-general ; sa 1825 lieutenant-general ; and general ie November, 1841. I Inn NEW MONEY-ORDER-OFFICE.—On Monday next the new money-order-office in Aldersgate-street, will be opened for the transaction of public business, and the payment of money on money-orders, A MIDLAND GENERAL POST-OFFICE.—Under this we yesterday published the suggestion of a correspond ohuogulhd be .t:z qtaXis i h et ed teni in v one p o g f south-west l ceth should be transMlfted, i=" I stead w , greatthat fieen t the first northa n m t n a r d of towns , to the chief office in London. We have since learnt that the Birmingham post-office actu ally performs the function which our correspondent proposed, and in ignorance of which he must have written. THE RATE-PAYING CLAUSES OF THE REFORM BlLL.—Last evening a public meeting of the inhabitants of the parish of St. Pancras was held in the vestry-rooms, for the purpose of taking into consideration the rate-paying clauses of the Reform Bill, and petitioning the legislature for their repeal. The chair was taken by one of the church wardens, who having adverted to the object for which the meeting had been called, several gentlemen addressed the assembly, showing how heavily the rate-paying clauses affected the great majority of the householders, many of whom in consequence of not being able to pay their taxes in time, were annually disfranchised. Resolutions in accord ance with the view, of the speakers having been adopted, a vote of thanks was passed to the chairman, and the meeting separated. THE " WANDERING MINSTREL," Don JUAN DE VEDA.-At a meeting of the electors of Westminster, favourable to the return of Mr. C. Cochrane, held last night at the Craven Head, Drury-lane, Mr. C ochrane, on being introduced to the meeting, eutered into a length ened explanation of his previous life, and alluded to some letters which have recently appear ed in the Sun, asking whether Mr. Cochrane is the person who, some years since, made a tour through Kent and Some: as Don Juan de Vega, a Swish minstrel ? He acid, in reply, that he made a tour on behalf of the distressed Spanish emigrants, and that he wrote a des:tiption of his tour when a very young man. He felt sorry for having written that which in mature years he felt was not right. With regard to the object for which he made the tour, be begged to inform the meeting that he had re ceived a vote of thanks from the Spanish Ambassador, and from the highest classes in Spain ; and, in 1841, when he was at Madrid, the Queen Regent thanked him for what he had cone for ter poor emigrant subjects. An elector— " There is another very serious charge against you : that during your tour you collected a great deal of wealth. Now, what I want to know is, what was done with the funds so collected." Mr. Cochrane—l have not the least objection to state. The funds were very small—l believe between 601. and 601.—e1l of which I immediately on my return to London, divided amongst the distressed Spanish emigrants. INFLUX OF EMIGRANTS FROM THE SOUTH OF IRELAND TO THE PORT 07 LONDON. --The Ajax steam ship, with a full cargo and an immense number of deck passengers, consisting of men, women, and children, appa rently in very poor circumstances, arrived yesterday afternoon at Wapping. Furthermore, numerous bodies are, it is mid, preparing to follow. There has been a great demand lately on the parishes of Deptford, in consequence of the influx of Irish paupers • and the distribution of bread by the relieving officers has been unusually great to these poor and needy creatures. The burden becomes very serious as regards the poor-rate pavers in particular, and the union-house is crowded by its own poor. ADJOURNED INQUEST AT CAMDEN-TOWN.—Sires I was rather surprised at the following sentence in the re port of the proceedings in the above-mentioned came Mr. Jacob Bell and other chemists present all stated " that the compound strichnia powder was not known in the British pharmacepecia. The coroner said it was quite certain the medicine prescribed was not to be found in any recognised formula, and the water of bitter almonds might be of a very great strength or very slight strength," &c. &c. For the information of those who may be coiled upon to use the bitter almond water, allow me to refer them to the following formula, which they will find in vol. 1, fol. 63, of the " Phar macopoeia Univenalis," by A. J. L. Jourdan, M.D., Peri,. ; edited by J. Rennie, A.M. : R.—Fresh bitter almonds, two parts ; alcohol, one-twelfth part ; water , six parts ; distil two parts (Hann.—Borus). the formula for the" strichnia powder " is to be found in vol. 2, fol. 626 of the some work, and is the following R.—Strychnine, one-sixth of a grain; dentoxide of iron, six grains ; sugar, half a drachm ' • mix. to be taken night and morning (Biers). Allow me also to state that were druggists to be confined to use only the articles of the British pharroacopmias, or the " recognised formula," many of the most valuable prescriptions of the most eminent physicians could not be prepared.—JOHN ORIPFITILL EFFICACY OF SALT IN PREVENTING THE POTATO DISEASE.—IL will be remembered that we published, some time since, a 'nutmeat from competent authority, thanio tatoes grown near enough to the sea-shore to be under the influence of saline particles, were more healthy than those grown inland. In further proof of the efficacy of salt in preventing the disease, a correspondent writes to tie as follows: " Being a short time s ince in Birmingham, I heard a discus ,ion with several farmers and manufacturers, who were dining together, as to the beneficial effect of common salt mixed with the earth in which they had planted the potatoes. and not one of the roots were destroyed or damaged by the prevailing and continuing disease, hut the crops were healthy and plentiful." AN EXCELLENT SUARTITUTE POR POTATOEB.—Sir, Franck kidney or haricot beans are superior to every other kind of grain or puke in point of nourishment. They contain, ac cording to Einhof, 84 percent. of nutritive matter, of w hieh 50 is pure farina, the rest gluten and mucilage. I had some in a dry state cooked for the first time of my life yesterday, which had been soaked and gently boiled till tender, and mixed with some gravy, salt, and pepper, and I never relished • better esculent vegetable. The cultivation of this bean on a large scale will add greatly to the resources of agriculture, and be • great boon and blesaing to the poor.—Jo H !OWN. .) I I APPLICATION OF THE DRAINAGE A. The following elucidation of the Drainage Act is copied from a recent number of the Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette.—lt will be found of very great utility both to landlords and tenants. I. So much misapprehension seems to prevail, both with respect to the advautages resulting from borrow ing money under the provisions of the Land Drainage Act, and also as to the proportion of the annual pay ments towards the extinction of such debts, which proprietors and their tenants ought respectively to con tribute, that the succta,ling observations may possibly be acceptable to those of your readers who are interested in the subject. —2. As everybody knows, the drainage com missioners, in return for each 1001. advanced by them, are to receive au annual payment of 61. 10s. for 22 years, on the expiry of which period the debt is cancelled. Of this sum 61. 100., one half may be regarded as simple interest at 31 per cent.while the other moiety, if suffered to accuraulat , with compound interest also at the rate of 31 per cent.,will, immediately after the 22nd payment, amount to 1001. 3s. 11d., and thus somewhat more than extinguish the debt. (3.) The act being intended as a boon to the agricultural interest generally, arid by way of compensation for a measure which the majority of that body looked upon as injurious to them, its projectors unquestion ably designed that all concerned, both proprieton and tenants, should participate equally in the benefits resulting from it. These benefits are of two kinds ; first, such as arise from the increased productiveness of the land ; and, 2ndly, those consequent on the low rate of interest charged by the government fur its loan. It is evident that the advantages which the former class will ultMattly confer on proprietors, whose interest in the soil is permanent, must be greater than those derivable from tnem by tenants, during their temporary occupancy of their farms; but as this result is not peculiar to improvements effected by means of the government loan, it is unnecessary to make any further allusion to it in this place, and 1 16211, therefore, confine myself to pecuniary matters. (4.) A proprietor can at present, on the security of his estate, and without the aid of government, borrow money at 4 per ant., and, very generally, charges his tenant 1 per cent. mere than he him self pays. Part of this additional per tentage is nee , warily expended in stamps and legal documents ; bat in order to make the ease appear as favourable as possible to the pro prietor, I shall assume that he reaps the whole benefit arising from the superfluous impost. Under these eirmtmstances, his account for each 1001. borrowed w ill, at the end of 22 years, stand thus : Kum borrowed /100 a 0 Value of an annuity of CI for 22 years at 31 per °NIL paid by the tenant, and therefore to be deducted from the above sum Baena still doe by proprietor If the annuity had been calculated at 4 per cent., the un liquidated balance would have been G 5/. 15a. Old. (5.) Com pared with the details of the preceding system, the advan tage which accrues to the proprietor, and the profit or loss to the tenant on each 1001. borrowed from government, varying as they necessarily do, with the share of the annual payments which the parties severally contribute, will appear from the following statements. As an apology for the introduction of the first three cases, I must mention that some proprietors have reused to apply for a share of the loan, unless their tenants agree to provide the whole of the annual payments. Case IV. is understood to be the one prescribed for the benefit of his Scotch tenants by the Duke of Richmond. I.—The Tenant rated at 61 per to at. At 31 per cent —Gain to the proprietor by the eatinettun of the balance due on each 100/. a above (c) £67 13 Value of an iumulty of 41. for 22 years gamed by the prawn tor in meow quenee of the taunt paying the whole interned on the num harem, ed, and, therefore, to be added to the above Total gain to the proprietor £l96 19 9 Lass to the tenant by paying oi per eentinatead of 5 per cent. for 22 year', equal to an annuity of 11. Pee. fur that period 4B 9 101 At 4 per cent—The proprietor's gain ealealeted as be fore, would have been The tenant's kes would have been . , 51 7 11 Case IL—The Proprietor rated et (per Cent, the Tenant at G per Cent. At 31 per Cent. --The proprietor's gain to £l6O 16 31 The tenaat's lose la At 4 per Cent—The proprietor'n gaio fs lB5 13 , H The tenant's to-e is ....... -.. at l . l Can 111.—The Proprietor rated at 1 pee ...... the Tenant a t 51 per Cen At 31 per Cent—The idol.rietor s gain is £I6I 11 The trout ions G l6 3 34 At 4 per Cent—The proprietor's gaia Le w 166 9 11 The tenant's /On is l7 2 11 Ceek IV. —The Proprietor rated at Inter Cost, the Tenant 5 per Cent. At 31 per Cent—The proprietor's gain is sin 9 111 At 4 per Cent.-- As In this case, the tenant pays the same rate of Intl rest which is demanded from him under the ordinary system of borrowing money (1), he is, of course, neither benefited nor otherwise by the Land Drainage Act. Cass T.—The fireprietor raid at 2 per Cent., the Tenant at 41 per Cent. At 31 per ant—The proprietor's gain is £132 6 7 The Union'. gain, in paiying 41 Undyed of 5 per cent., for V ream, equal to an annuity of 10s. for that period Eton. of proprieter'e gain . ..... • £ll6 3 1 At 4 per Pent.—Thr praprolor's won is £l34 4 I I Tenant's gala, calculateel se stove Fseens of proprietor's gain £ll7 2 31 Cane Vl.—The Proprietor rated at 2i per Cent., the Tenant at 4 per lent. At 31 per ant—The pr,r * 18195,, gain b The tensiV• gain 1. Exceas of proprietor's gain At 4 per cent —The proprietor's gain IA £ll7 2 I The tenant's gain Is 34 4 1 Exam of proprietor'a gals Cis Vll.—The Proprietor rated at 3 per cent., the Tenant at 31 per Ont. At 31 per cent—The proprietor's gain I. 2lOO 0 9 The tenant' gain 1. 4B 9 104 Ernes of proprietor's gain At 4 par cent —The proprietor's gain is SIN 0 I The comae pin is 3l 7 61 Leona of proprietor . .. gain 846 15 61 Cats Proprieud and Tenant eseh Mel st per cent At 31 per cent. -The proprietor's gain ke The tenant's gain is Emmet proprietor's gain... At 4 per cent. —The procrietor'e gain u MI 8 9 The tenant's gain is 69 18 Of Ranee of proprietor's gala ... £3l 10 61 Casa IL—The Proprietor rated at 31 per Oint, es/Tenant at per Cent At 31 per cent—The proprietor's gain Is 233 16 81 The tenant's gene is lanes of proprietor's gain £l9 3 At 4 per ant—The propetemr's gale is 433 17 The tenant's gale is 66 9 II Ens of proprietor's/Zs .214 7 7 Con Proprietor rabid at If per Oest., the Tenant at 31 Cent At 11 per cent—Tke proprietor per gains 275 IS f The tenant glides —a. ...... ........ 0 7214 91 Excess of preprislere gar ........ 3 0 At 4 per cent—The proprietor spins . £74 h 31 The tenant gates sass. 77 1 2 Excess or tenant's gala l 2 14 101 As the last case nearly equalises the pins of the pro prietor and tenant, it is needless to investigate the effects of any of the other arrangements which it might he possible to adopt. (6.) In determining the share of the annul pay ments which a proprietor may, in justice, &mad from a tenant, it must be clamed that the question is not whether the latter can afford to pay 64 per cent., or 6 per cent., or 6 per cent. for money expended tin his f arm ? but is he, in contributing at these rates, benefited to the same cetera by the Land Drainage Act, as the form. r, who furnishes either nothing, or only the trifling residuary portion of the 6t per cent. required by government? The preceding data show that the latter interrogatory must be answered in the negative, and further, that were there no expenses at tending the realisation and application of the loan, the arrangement specified in eau X. ought to be adopted. As, however, advert:sements, inspections, r( ports, and superintendence, cannot IT had for nothing I believe that case IX. is the more equitable one fur both parties —the excess of gain which accrues to bins being more than sufficient to enable the proprietor to meet all de mands for the services mentioned; while the tenant will cheerfully pay his contribution of 3 per cent. (7). The preceding calculations, being founded on the assumption that a proprietor can borrow money at 4 per cent., are, of course, only applicable to the owners and tenants of alienable estates. No one,under ordinary circumstances, will advance capital for the purpose of improving entailed propel ties, ex cept at a rate of interest which preclude. the possibility of borrowing with profit; and yet, by the provision. of the Land Drainage Act the possessors of such territories are placed (so far as the facility of procuring the use of money is concerned) in as favourable a position as those whose lands arc ma fettered. The measure in question has, therefore. been justly regarded as an especial boon to the holders of entailed rotates; but I apprehend, that, in many eases, prudential eonaiderations will interfere to prevent land lords so circumstanced front availing themselves of the ad vantages which it was intended to confer on illustration of this conjecture, let it be eu that tbd posaseor of an entailed estate, whose age • ch. that, a.. cording to the average value of life, he is • to survive ,er, for 15 ;years, is requested by a tenant holdihC• fumy the • unexpired term of which also extends to 13..0e tnappl: • ' fur a share of the government lean, in order i en buds 7: occupied by the latter. It is evidently impro tint vender such circumstances the landlord will live to y behefit from the increase of rent to be anticipatederei et r the lease, while (in contributing what has Vs • Slit"