The Express. — London, England, 1853-10-22 00:00:00

tile OrPrefiO• TO CORRESPONDENTS. a Sneed ltine o .6.tartt U e,' fa volakaltc.l owl 'newts, awl Yncl.7 wok% .0 mi eit n be met advetwoutt•sta ',vended fur " The Raper," Lawton Eves,ne paper, sue be at tile Oak% 10, 1103Tatieetced, by Two o'clock ea We flee ta petkestiaa. 111011 WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. TINS 149—Ilontibs, 4b. Os_ Afters." Zb. Is. 71.41103/hOW—llorsaag. >► is Aftetbuts, A. 395. LONDOX, SATCRD.4I', OCTOBER 22. AT this moment the Strikes of workmen at home are even more interesting and important to us than the struggles of nations abroad; and one point in re lation to them cannot be too seriously considered. It is—How are strikes to be rendered less frequent with advanta,,;e to both: parties—to muter' and to seen ? Have we any laws that tend to check the free operations of the labour market? Have we any :regulations, which, by tendin 4 to introduce complexi ties between the seller of labour and the buyer of labour, between the workman and the capitalist, tend to array them one against the other? Have we any laws which put an almost impassable barrier between the employing class and the working class, and so tend to array the one against the other? The prosperity, tranquillity, and progress of the nation since the Corn Laws were abolished teach • most important lemon. To increase the security of property ; to keep the multitude hopeful, industrious, anti oitlerly ; to provide an ample pro vision for the State, and opulence ungrudged for the ' Church ; to give adequate wages to labour, and io- , creasing profit to capital, every ex'sting artificial impediment to the progress of wealth should be as speedily as possible removed. Because the increase of wealth which began with the removal of the Core Laws, and fur • season artiafied capital with its rate of profit, and labour with its rate of wages, has not continued to be &efficiently great to satisfy both, the general tran quillity is now disturbed by disputes betwixt capL talists and labourers—by combinations and striker— by schisms and strife where there ought to be only harmony and mutual assistance. The abolition of the Corn Laws has not been followed up fast enough by the removal of other artificial impediments to en terprise. Whatever may be the ultimate limits to the increase of wealth, the immediate checks to the increase are in all eases--artificial regulations. The fact is so certain and clear, but it must be constantly impressed on statesmen, because it shows that such regulations are responsible for the inadequate rewards of industry, and for the manifold evils,—including the disputes between employers and employed,—which flow from the insufficiency of wealth. To permit artificial impediments to exist to the growth of national opulence is really a public della qaency, and we beg to call attention to one very generally comp'airied of, which no man seems to have an interest in maintaining, and which has its origin exclusively in the law. Naturally and ante. adept to all law, men had a right to enter into any contracts they pleased which were not immoral; and when the State was constituted it became its duty to enforce the observance of such contracts, not to proscribe them. If man (or woman) may dispose of himself for life by contracting marriage, he may surely enter into any contracts he pleases as to his property. If he may contract with another man to embark the whole of his property in any business, he may surely contract to embark a portion of his pro perty in that business. Every man has clearly the right to limit and define the extent to which be is wiUiog to make himself or his property responsible, This limitation he should make public, but when he has done that, the State is not justified in making him responsible any further. When he is ostemsibly the manager of a business and holds himself out to the world as fully embarked in it,—and yet has a keret arrangement with partners to exonerate him, he tries: to deceive, and should be held respon sible to the extent he has visibly pledged himself. But every man has a right to limit his liability as he has a right to engage his whole fortune, and when he does so and makes the limitation known, it is oppressive and unjust, it is absurd and cruel, in the State to declare that he shall be liable beyond what he has himself declared. The law, without any dis crimination, commits this wrong. An individual can of his own accord, without ask ing leave or license, except in a few particular cases,' set up any kind of business; and what an individual may do, half-a-dozen or more might do, with that limitation of the responsibility of each which is every free agent's right. Nationally and socially, every man has a right to engage in any kind of business which is not immoral, with such a liability as he chooses to take and to avow. But this right is re stricted by the law—not the law made after discussion in Parliament, and probably ap proved of by the public, but by the com mon law—by judge-made law—by the deduction of lawyers from cases originally decided probably without regard to principle, and certainly in igno rance of our present condition and wants. This j edge made law is set aside by Parliament whenever it panes an act to incorporate a railway or any other company, and the Crown sets it aside whenever it grants a charter to trade with limited liability; and the necessity for these numerous exemptions estab lishes the impropriety of the law founded in igno rance, conceit, or nieundsrataading. To obtain such an exemption from the law requires the expenditure of a great sum of mosey or some commanding influ ence. The latter can be only possessed by a few, and there are not many undertakings which will hearths former. Oaf luau, as the law mammas, cassot now help another with a few pounds to costume an old busi ness or establish a new one, taking as his reamers tion a part oldie proilts,without involving his whole swank and thus help—essential and important holp—to be given by ons man to another, is forbid. den by the law. Such a restriction breaks up old benineases, and prevents the establishing of new ones. So hampered, it is strange, se a writer in ths West. osissater Review states, that our nation should have readied each a height of material prosperity, but rho indomitable spirit of enterprise which enabled it to outlive a virtual prohibition to buy food has also enabled it to get on in spite of imposing unlimited liability on individuals when they desire to limit their liability. Nothing can be more preposterous in this trading country than that two or three, or half-down, or more intelligent persons cannot units and subscribe 1001. or 1,0001. each to run omnibus', set up retail shops, or weave cloth, without an Act of Parliament, or a charter from the Board of Trade. Nothing more monstrous is to be found in any of the de- spotically-governed countries of the Continent finch a law is injurious to all classes, especially the working classes, though they may not know in this cue, u in many others, what hand it is that knocks them down and chains them to the earth. In particular, as Mr. J. S. shows, they are injured by being unable to make a beneficial use of their savings, by forming smock tons to carry on their own business, and to engage in retail trade. Because they do not complain from want of knowledge, that is no reason why an evil that stfects others, and of which they do complain, should not be done away. DI Ptftemow who Wait. THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 22, 1853. LATEST FROM THE CONTINENT. TURKEY. CONSTANTINOPLE, Ocr. 10. Anthimos is elected Greek Patriarch, a dignity which he once before enjoyed. AUSTRIA. VIENNA, Ocr. 19. The military Governor of Transylvania has for warded the following despatch to Vienna, under date Hermannstadt, October 10 : " According to certain information from the neighbouring Principalities (Moldavia and Wallachia), contagious diseases (rift derpest uhd mil:brand) are making extensive pro geese among the draught oxen employed in the service of the imperial Russian army, and arc of a very malignant type. Serious danger thus threatens Transylvania, and within these last few days the diseases have made their appearance amongst the cattle at Botzau, on which account I have found it necessary to take special precautions on the fron tier." RUSSIA AND TURKEY. ditod in that part of the country. This news, which yesterday appealed to us very apocn phal, has to-day acquired some degree of credibility .% The Bourse was again very heavy. The Threes declined lk., and, with the exception of Orleans, Rouen, Strasbourg, and Western, which rose 2 fr. or 3 fr.; all the railways closed from 2 fr. 30c. to 5 fr. lower. __ _ . • _ Mr. Marsh, United States Minister at Constanti nople, has been recalled, and replaced by Mr. Carroll Spence. The disposition of the Court of Teheran, and its probable conduct in the event of a war between Turkey and Russia, have been the subject of much speculation and many contradictory assertions. A fact is related in a recent letter from Constantinople which tends to show that Persia is well disposed to wards her Moslem neighbour. Six thousand Persian hones have just been bought for the Turkish army, and delivered with the permission of the Persian go- vernment. The Journal de Ilaguenau says The rise in the price of hops has beet unusually great during the past week, being from 200 fr. to ?Mfr. the 50 kilo- 1 grammes. Large quantities of hops arrive here every day for sale from the neighbouring communes, the reason assigned for the advance being that the c r op is unusually small in foreign countries." the Unirers says :—" It is positively stated that the difficulties which had arisen between the Holy See and the Prussian government relative to the measures recently prescribed for mixed marriages have been smoothed down, and that the cabinet of Berlin no longer insists on their withdrawal. We dare not tnke upon ourselves to guarantee the exac titude of this statement, but we have reason to con sider it to bo at least very probable." The Austria states from Bucharest that the con tinued want of water in the Selina mouth of the auntie has induced the commercial body to take measures for ascertaining whether some more eligi ble outlet cannot be found for the commerce of the Danube. Lately, a Russian steamer came from Odessa along the Kilia Channel. Now some hopes are entertained of the navigability of the St. George's Channel, which is nearer to Turkey than the &illus. It is stated that Prince Gortecbakoff has received information from the Governor of Odeon, that the stream of this last channel has lately ac9uired a depth of more than ten feet; and the Austrian Con sul reports that the depth is 13 English feet. Whe ther Prince Gortschakoff will allow the use of this new channel is not yet known. The Russian minister in Paris has contradicted in the most absolute manner the statement that the Emperor of Russia threatened a war of extermina tion against Turkey. Whatever his acts, the words of the Emperor are peace. The National Gazette of Berlin, adverting to an announcement which appeared in the Vienna Wan derer based on letters from Onlatz, states that though the Prussian officers employed as instructors in the Turkish army have not been recalled, the re call will take place in the event of hostilities between Russia and Turkey. for the clamours of the multitude to alter bad laws, invites and provokes insurreetioa. With respect to the advantages to be obtained by the working classes by beneficially investing their savings in their own business, they are too palpable to need much remark. There is scarcely any busi ness stationary, and new masters continually coming in or old ones enlarging their trade, are always bor rowing. Amongst the persons who save, and have something to lend, are careful foremen and careful workmen, and they would be glad to invest their savings in the business of which they know the routine, and contribute to the success, while the undertakers or employers who must in the great majority of cases borrow, would prefer borrowing from their workmen, on condition of sharing the profits with them, instead of paying • fixed interest to a banker, whether they gain or lose. The law operates as a prohibition to these classes thus uniting their interest, and thus contributes to perpetuate the feuds between masters and workmen. lu the United States, factories are owned in shares, and so they would be here, and most of the workmen would have shares, were it not that our judge-made law prohibits it. If we could get in England Part nership Laws as liberal as those existing in France, it would tend to satisfy many of the discontents now arising between masters and men, and tend to lessen, if it did not altogether remove, the tendency to Strikes. LORD CLARENDON'S speech to the Finsbury depu tation lets very little new light upon the relations of the English Government to the Eastern difficulty. A much more telling illustration of Russian charac teristics and aims may be found in a French pamphlet just published—" Reeneil de Documents pour la plupart Secrets et Ini:dits, et d'autres Pikes Historiques, utiles i consulter dans la Cries Achedle." This brochure forms the wand portion of a collection of interesting documents, the first section of which was noticed in the Express some time back. The intention of the editor is to show that Russia, since her appearance in history, has been always the same. She has ever displayed a tendency to absorb by fair or foul means all neighbouring states. The weapons she employs have never varied : they are brute force, cunning, and treachery. Poland at one time, the author shows, interposed a barrier between the comparatively fres nations of Europe and the agglomeration of barbarous hordes which formed the Muscovite empire. But Poland fell, a victim to Russian rapacity, and the CZAR is now in immediate contact with the nations which seem paralysed at his movements. The first of the documents the author produces is a declaration of war made by STEPIIEN BATUORT, King of Poland, in the year 15;9, against IVAN TUE TERRIBLE. After enu merating the various acts of injustice he had suffered at the hands of Ito e, the King alludes to the con duct of the Grand Duke of NIUBCOVT, which had provoked the war. The reader will easily trace a general similarity to events which have formed al most the only subject of discussion daring the pre sent crisis: Our ansbessedon were admitted to his presence. The Museovito bad begun the conference with them by the in termediation Meow of his f ites, when all of a sud den he gave himself up to the pride and violence of his character. H. would not listen to any proposal of amour• gradation on the subject of Livonia, and forbade even the mention of that province. He birdied, either verbally or in writing, our person and dignity in terms the violence of which was ianbefitting a Christian king or prince, or a pri vate person. He laid claim to our Kingdom of Poland and to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, founded on absurd and valueless titles. These rights be claimed as the four teenth descendant of • certain Prunus, of whom no one has ever heard, and who never existed, who was, said he, the brother of Oztavios Ciciar, and the founder of his fa mily. In the name of this pretended descent he claimed the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The NLSSELRODEII and the went day are left to do the treachery and the violence which the predecessors of the CZAR formerly managed in person. And it is only the more sorely done, in asmuch as the prime mover of mischief has always the resource of throwing the responsibility upon his °facials. of the pre- There are some curious revelations in these pages of the nature of the diplomatic force which the Russian court has brought to bear upon European policy. Russia is not even yet a nation. It is merely an agglomeration of semi-barbarous hordes which the traditions of a few centuries have bound together by one of the simplest of all possible belief, expressed in the formula " Clod and the Czar." The very sim plicity of this belief, permeating as it does a large number of uncultivating hordes, is fa vourable to its powerful operation on the mind of the believer. But these vast masses of slaves have been subject to no influences which will awaken more than a minute fraction of the forces dormant within them. They are slaves and nothing more. They do not make a nation. They have no moral unity. The Czars therefore have to act on Europe not through the force which they de rive from the support of an active intelligent nation rejoicing in its nationality, but by means of the exotic forces of diplomacy. The CZAR does sot re present, and cannot employ as a force, any public opinion. He and his government have nothing in common with the tribes they govern; he must there fore when hawses into contact with foreign nations depend upon a strength which he acquires outside his empire. Ha business is to attract to his country the best diplomatists that he can obtain, and allow them to be his intermediates between himself and Europe. The plans of Russia have been worked by the intellectual Swiss of Europe—skilful diplomatists who have carried their services to the best paymaster. How this has told may be inhered from roe pregnant sentence in a despatch of NEINIALSODI to the ambassador at the English Court, es the subject of the position of the Eastern question's 1826. It resale . • with yes, prism, to mho what yea any ma dder the proper me of the observations whisk we have set forward I. the present deepateit. The prewar lanywayt Qf the British ministry prone welt asoupt Mal pow vaelermetid Aser to direct it by byre to the and rAia• Me Beepers has as view. What does Lord ABERDEEN Nay to this? OIPT or 5,0481. To M* BRIGHT.—The eatoerip ties fora teetisheeiel to Mr. Bright, M.P., which wee assa wand is Bosnian oa the eusesedul tersaisathea of the Anti-Cora-Law struggle, has bee. brought tea close. The sebeeriptiese from 3,149 individuals reddest in 172 town end lanes, aminated to 5,0431. Ss. 14. The *omelets', after souseltiNg wit► Mr. Bright, decided that a library wield be an agreeable cad appropriate testimonial of the regard is which ►e was held. An oak book•sees was de signed by Mr. Morris, and enlisted by Mr. Gardener, both of Chester, at a eon of 401., the carving nosisting of • templets npreasattioa of the leading features of agricul ture and COMMON,. A silver plate 'Mud to this piece of furniture been the tenoning inscription Presented by the Freends of Free Trade to John Bright, Ben., as as eeknowledgment of his great services in the Cause of Free Trade, it; esonelion with the National Anti-Cor; Law League." The Library, emaieting of more than 1,200 volume, wee Worsted by Mr. Bright, at an additional cost of 1,300L,0nd the balsam (after deducting expenses), has been - to that goatiesta. THE COUNTY RIGISTRATION n .01..AMORGAN- dodge** the tory gess, both on " now doles " and " ebasethee eseeined," the liberals hare a shoe ad pia still wen It is doer their oppossats wend do mesh Imo& twines their position in what remiss Is he diem blase only 17 tory objsetiou to libe rals rosaidn undimmed et at Cardiff sad Caerphilly. while et the Wend °Weediest° sires 197 are 'indisposed of in those pew, in addle. to 66 adjourned CUSS from Bridg dek—dieinsua area FRANCE. PARIS, FRIDAY EVINING. The Presse his received a letter from Besika, dated Oot. 7, which says :—" This morning four French vessels left for Constantinople, being sent for by the Sultan. The rumour runs in the fleets that we shall all go to Constantinople the day after to morrow, and that the four vessels are but our ad vanced guard. Certain preparations made this morn ing in pursuance of orders from the two admirals appear to confirm this rumour." M. Emile do Girardin, of the Freese, anti M. Hawn, of the Stick, formerly vice-president of the Constituent Assembly, were summoned to the Mi nistry of the Interior the day before yesterday, to be admonished in consequence of the remarks made in i their journals upon the arrest of M. Goudchaux. The remarks themselves were so innocent as to af ford no plausible handle for a warning. The Sleds merely stated the uudeniable truth that among M. Goudchaux's papers no more seditious docu ments were found than receipts for subscrip tions, which it is notorious M. Goudchaux has been in the habit of forwarding to the unfortunate republican exiles, to enable them to buy not gunpowper, but bread. M. Emile de Girardin simply inquired whether that union of public security with individual liberty which was found so practicable in England and the United States was incompatible with the nature of French. men. The director of the press at the ministry of the Interior told M. Ravin that he was expected to insert in the Sleek the paragraph from the Paine, narrating the arrest of M. Delescluse, and imputing to M. Goudchaux a participation in his treasonable projects. It is difficult for a French journalist to reason with a power that can reply to the most can vincing argument by suppression. M. Ravin reluc tantly consented to insert the paragraph, but by a sort of compromise obtained permission to print it among the "faits divers," and not in a conspicuous position. M. do Girardin, however, more courageous, refused to insert it at all, and he has not done so. It was represented to him that it was wrong to insinuate that the French government was in the habit of making arbitrary arrests, and an attempt was made to justify the arrest of M. Goudchaux, as warranted by serious grounds for suspicion. To this M. de Girardin bluntly replied by a simple reference to facts, and spoke of M. Myot, the ex-representative, Dr. Vannean, and many other well-known persons now languishing in prison or in a penal settlement who have never had any sort of trial. There is not the least foundation for the buil:nation of the Petrie that M. Goudchaux is a party to any plot. The statement that he was released " provisionally" on the ground of ill-health is an untruth put forward to mislead the public into the belief that there were serious grounds for the arrest of a person of his open character and high respectability. M. Goudchaux is in excellent health, and did not understand when be was dis charged from custody that as v accusation was hang ing over his head. The police searched his house in the most minute and offensive manner. At four o'clock in the morning, they took his little child of six years old out of her bed, and ripped open her mattress. With all their pains, the only paper they found with any semblance of a political meaning, beyond the receipts for subscriptions for the refugees, was one bearing the signature of Ledru Rollin sent to M. Goudchaux for a collector of autographs, who wished to have the signatures of the mem bers of the provisional government. The 140 receipts seized in this brutal manner are kept by the police in order that the subscribers may be marked I for t he next list of proscription. This is all very I serious, for one sees no prospect of an end to the state of siege ssyyss of government. The public a tion of the PAare de is Loire of Nantes, of which M. Mangin and one of his sons are pro prietors, has been suspended since the arrest of those gentlemen. Amongst the domiciliary visits at Dilates was one to the residence of M. 'lecher, who was commissary under the provisional government for the five departments of the west. It appears by a letter written to the Press. by M. Mangin the elder, that he and his son have been released. M. Guinan, a physician, and M. Foucher, the keeper of the Café des Colognes, who were arrested at the same time, have also been set at liberty; but M. David, a merchant, of Nantes, M. Chevereas, a formai to ens of the priucipal tailors of the town, and a working printer, named Maseelin, are still in custody. The Indepenionee Beige was seized at the post 'office this morning, is consequence, as it is supposed, of its containing some details relative to the arrests. The Union says :—lt is positively stated that at Epernay two agents of M. Ledru Rollin were ar rested, having in their poeseesion some revolutionary manifestoes. Dr. Watesu, of Lille, one of the principal per sonages accused of a participation in the Opera Comique plot, has just been released after three months detention at Mazes, it being found impossible to sustain the indictment against him. The following paragraph in the Union is a con firmation of an important piece of intehigence which I communicated some days since: —" The Impartial de la ilearelte announced yesterday that the report of the organisation of a military camp at Metz to be commanded by Prince Napoleon was generally cre- SPAIN. The Madrid journals of the 16th announce the death of General Alaix from apoplexy. He was one of the most distinguished officers of the Spanish army. He served in America as well u in Spain. The papers announce also the mired in Madrid of Mr. Soule, the United States' minister. They con tain no other news. The 16th . being Sunday, the Stock Exchange was not open. ITALY. PIEDMONT. A telegraphic despatch, dated Turin, yesterday, says :—" Tranquillity has not been disturbed anew. The deputies, the national guard, and the municipal council of the capital. hare expressed their attach ment to the ministry." ROMAN STATES. Oar Roman correspondent, writing on the 14th October, gives the substance of the Finance Minis ter's view of the Roman exchequer from 1814 to 1849, which shows a deficit of more than 18 millions of dollars since 1830. The tax on industry has been suspended by the Pope until the middle of 1834. He speaks of a pompous notification of the University of Roman barbers; also of a coldness between the Pope and the Emperor of Russia. GERMANY. -~ The Customs' Conference of the states of Ger many, now assembled at Berlin, decided on the 12th that the suspension of the import duties on corn and other articles of food in the states of the Zollrerein shall be extended to the Ist of October next rear. Letters from Vienna explain that the redUction of the Austrian army is not to extend to all the corps of which it is composed. That commanded by Field- Marshal Radetzky, the Austrian g►rrisons in the German fortresses, as also the 9th and 10th corps, are not, for the present, subjected to any reduction ; but the measure is to be applied to the troops of several provinces bordering on Turkey, as also to the frontier regiments, and to the 10th and 11th corps scattered in Hungary. always supposing that no change take place in the imperial intention. The Frankfurter Journal is informed from Berlin, that the relations between the Emperor of Russia and the Prince of Prussia are no longer what they were. A tone of cold ceremony has taken the place of former cordiality. On the evening when the Czar took leave of the royal family to return to St. Petersburgb, the Prince of Prussia went to Berlin with his son, Prince Frederick William, to see the new opera, which cer tainly would not have happened of late years. The Vienna Gazette of the 18th publishes a list of contributions for the erection of a church in comme moration of his Majesty's escape from assassination. The liberality and loyalty of the several states of the monarchy has yielded 1,029,052 florins in money and 145,968 florins in valuable effects—the latter consist ing of materials and ornaments for the church, be sides a number of miscellaneous articles, among which is a fiddle and two hunting horns. The Duchy of Austria hu contributed 456,000 florins; next comes Hungary, 130,000; then the Venetian Provinces, 66,000; and Lombardy, 50,000. AMERICA. ARRIVAL OF THE SCREW STEAMER ANDES. (FRO)[ OUR OWN CORRISPONDRNT.) LIVERPOOL, FRIDAY. By the arrival at our port to-day of the Cunard screw steam ship Andes, Captain Moodie, we are in receipt of advices from New York to the Bth instant. The Andes has brought 55 passengers and 150,000 dole. in specie on freight. The Royal Mail steam ship Arabia, from hence on the 24th ult., arrived at New York on the 6th iost. Secretary Marcy has resumed the duties of his office in Washington. Some months ago the United Stateedeputy-marshal of the eastern district of Pennsylvania, with his aids, proceeded to Wilkesbarre for the purpose of arrest ing a fugitive slave belonging to a gentleman of Vir ginia, but, being violently smiled by a number of the inhabitants of that neighbourhood, the officers were compelled to return to Philadelphia without ac complishing their obect. The marshal wrote to the Secretary of the Interior upon the subject, who declares that, so far as depends on his department, the law shall be executed in good faith, and that the officers employed in carrying it into effect shall be sustained. A despatch from Wuhington announces that Poet master-General Campbell is endeavouring to so arrange the transmission of the Southern mail u to prevent failures, and reduce the time one day be tween New York and New Orleans. Accounts of the awful effects of the yellow fever continue to reach us by every mail from the South. Out of ninety inhabitants at Lake Providence sixty have died. We also learn that four of the crew of the barque Franklin died of the epidemic on a re cent voyage between New Orleans and Baton. A despatch from New Orleans states that the I weather as cool, the city healthy, and absentees are returning. The latest returns from Georgia render it pro bable that Mr. Jenkins, the Union whig candidate for governor, has been elected. INTELLIGENCE. There is uo important change in money matters, but the demand is more active at seven per cent. Paper is harden ing. First class names eau be hail at 10 and 12 per cent. Government stocks •111 quiet, bat from Crystal Palace shares agaia lower, selling at 65. In es:hange there is not much movement, but rates are steady at 9 and 10 per cent., with few sales above 91 per cent. Francs, 5 15 and 5 121. The foreign news has had a favourable effect upon the breadstuff market, and canoed large transactions. Flour is about c. 12 per barrel higher, and wheat is very firm. Were vessels more plentiful, the business would be math Isil er. he cotton market continued dull and inactive. Pork ruled quiet, but steady in value. The market for freights under the foreign news is buoyant sod active. Shipmasters generally at the dose asked 15d. to Uverpool, but 76,000 to 100,000 bushels of wheat and corn were engaged at I3d. to 1314.; Sour, Se. N. to 4e. ; cotton, 500 bales, 5.164 . To Lo o d o n—For wheat 184. was asked, and ss. for flour. As eorgement of 1,000 barrels was made at "I. 03d. ,To Glasgow, 15d. ard 41. SOUTHAMPTON, FRIDAY Evixixa. The 'Washington is off Cowes on her way to Bre men, having left New York on the Bth inst. Amongst her cargo is specie to the value of nearly a quarter of million of dollars, chiefly for France. The new constitution had been inaugurated at Panama. From Havanna we leant that the prosecution against Marty, for being concerned in kidnapping Indians of Yucatan, had been suspended, and the Indians will be kept in bondage. Yellow fever prevailed at Havanna amongst the shipping, and still prevailed in the south. A great fire has taken place in Buffalo. Commercial, as per Andes. THE NORTII-I{ES2' PASSAGE. --•••- We continue oar publication of the despatches received by the Admiralty relative to the discovery of the North-West Passage : Her Majesty's Discovery Ship Investigator, clf Cape Bathuret, Pala Sea, August 30, 111.50, in lat. 70 23 N., long. 128 33 W. Sir,—ln accordance with the intention expressc l at the conclusion of my last lever, I proceeded in the first whale boat, accompanied by Dr. Armstrong and Mr. Miertsebing, followed by Lieutenant Cresswell and a party of officers in in a cutter, briuging a variety of presents. We were met upon landing by two women,who greeted us very cordially, and through the medium of the interpreter, acquainted me that the remainder of the tribe were at Cape Bathurst, catching whales, which was at no great distance, and they would be our guides. Gladly availing ourselves of this apparently fortunate incident, the boats were directed to Full along shore, while we, a•cending the cliff, reached a fine level plain, extending several miles north and south, rich with verdure, and abounding in moss. We preferred walking, hoping to meet some reindeer, for which the pasture was excellent, bat mile after mile was walked without any appearance of the fishing party. Arriving after the expiration of three hours in a small bay, we were, however, gratified at being told this wis the spot where two boats, the year before last, had pitched their tents for the night (Sir J. Richardson), and we had to go a very little further. Or. reaching the next bay we found there two tent', which our guides said belonged to them, but the Cape or any appearance of the tribe could not be seen. We declined going any; further, as, in consequence of the wind falling light, the veuel was by this time hull down. We were then kindly invited to become partakers of their tents, and go on the nex, morn ing, which hospitable offer was not accepted ; but, bartering several articles in exchange for salmon, and making them a few presents, we returned on board, when at 10.30 p.m. it becoming dark and foggy, and getting into 31 fathoms, we anchored for the night. August 31st, at daylight, found that we were between the mainland and Bailey's Islands, about a mils from the latter, the weather still foggy, with a moderate N.W. breeze, but, determined, if possible, to discover the fishing party, at 7.30 cm. I left the ship, with Mr. Miertseting and Dr. Arm strong in the cutter, and after coasting about 10 miles, dis covered, upon the extremity of Cape Bathurst, a large en campment, consisting of 30 tents and nine winter houses, numbering a little over 300 people. Upon landing upon a very low isthmus, which connects within a few yards the islands end mainland, we remarked a commotion at the vil lage. and a number of men rushed down the cliffs, launched their kyacks, and crossed to meet us; hauling these light and elegant skiffs on the beach, they advanced with knives drawn and bows bent, evidently prepared for hostilities. Finding by our gestures that our intentions were amicable, their bows were returned to their sealskin cases, but the knives they still retained. The interpreter told them that out visit was friendly, and that they should put away their knives. " Yee," said they, " when you do your guns." To be allowed to carry the musket appeared a great favour, for which they presented you with their knife, as a token of friendship. We remained upwards of an hour; during the greater part of the time, Mr. Miertaching was in earnest conversation with the chitf—a fine, intelligent, middle-aged man—upon the necessity of his forwarding our despateues to the Mackenzie, which he promised most faithf u lly t o perform, for which he was to c.ceive • musket and ammu nition, and, upon his delivering the packet, a further reward equal in value to a silver fox skin. He, however, said that their tribe du not trade with the Mackenzie, but with another further south, who in their turn nettle with the Indiums who are in the service of the Hudson's Bay Company; so, as they have to pass through three t-ibes of the heathen before they come into the hands of civilized man, I think it extremely probable that they may never reach their destination. Mr. hliertsching, from his know ledge of the Esquimau: character, thinks otherwise, and imagines that the chief will himself carry them. The perfect case with which this gentleman understands and converses with these interesting people surprises them very much ; they were most anxious for him to remain, promising to be very kind. The chief presented his daughter, a very pretty girl of about 15, who should be his wife • tents and all appurtenances were to be added. While these negotia tions were going forward, upwards of 100 persons bad de scended from the village; with such a concourse I did nut think it prudent to open the bag containing the presents, well Knowing their cupidity is easily excited by the display of such valuables, when they are nut to be relied on. We consequently returned to the boat. When the chief was instructed in the use of his gun, he showed himself an apt pupil, and when the ammunition was given into his hands, expressed himself very much gratified at the gift, and walked towards the village with his chief men. A lino was then made on the beach, which the recipients of gifts were hot to pass (and this they perfectly understood); the interpreter then commenced the distribution. For a little time order was main tained, but the fair se: becoming clamorous and closing round, the line was brokon, sod to prevent being driven into the water we were compelled to retreat to the boat, which was laying aground about twenty yards from the beach. By this manceavre, we escaped from all that had not on wrstqutight boots, but still about forty surrounded the cutter ; sad, although the crew were stationed round her to prevent their getting on board, so eager and per severing were the women that several were lift e d i n , en deavouring to seize everything within their reach ; one of them in the most dexterous manner slipped the compass out of its box into the breast of herjacket, and with diffi culty it was recovered. It was only by great . firmness and stoppage of the supplies that reduced them to order, or to quit the bust. The presents being at length dis tributed, and every one in good humour, we wished them farewell, and commenced launching the boat, in which operation they most vigorously assisted, end 17, in their fairy kyaeks escorted us to the ship, arriving about a quarter Of an hour before we did— except one, who having got some little distance off the shore, encountered a fresh breeze and rough sea. We shortened sail, and took boat and all in. The poor fellow being drenched we offered him a little brandy, which he drank at a mouthful, not being aware of its strength. He suffered the sensation to subside without evincing (except by his eyes watering) any symptom of vexation, and then asked for water. Many came on board the ship, but one only ventured below, who was exceedingly surprised to find that we had not tents but houses (cabins), and said he should have many wonderful things to relate when he went home. This tribe is a fine intelligent race—cleanly, handsome, and well grown ; and I deeply regret that so little has been hitherto attempted in civilising them. I sincerely hope that the day is not far distant when this in teresting people may be redeemed from their deplorable state of heathen darkness. At 5.40 p.m. we weighed, with a moderate b from the S.W., and reached to the S.E. for the purpose of clear ing the Bailey Islands. At 9 tacked and stood to the N.W., the wind becoming light and variable. During the night we made but little progress . • and at 8 cm. on the morning of September I observed Cape Bathurst, N.B. by IL, 6 miles. In the course of the forenoon many kyacks came off. The natives, now assured of our friendly intern lona, came oa board without the slightest reluctance, and through the medium of the interpreter, acquainted us that' during the night they had been preparing a feast, roasting whale and venison, and had salmon, blubber, and other de licacies, besides plenty of skins ready at the tents, and hoped we would coats on shore, which, indeed, I should very much have enjoyed had the vessel been in a less preca rious position; but under the present circumstances it was impossible, which it appeared that those on shore under stood, for in the afternoon a great many of both sexes visited us • and, all being clamorous to get on bo ar d, we were obli ged to 'take their kyacks on deck. Seeing their boats were in safety, they made themselves per fectly at home, examining every article of furniture most minutely. The pictures an looking•glasses in the offi cers' cabins were objects of much admiration. Mane were dancing with our men, and so mutually happy wege all parties, that it was near six o'clock before I could get them to leave to ship ; indeed, had not the inter preter told them that we were going towards the pack, gad would not again come sear their tents, I very much ques tion if we should have got them away without compulsion. We understood from them that the main pack is permanent, leaving the shore above 12 or 14 miles. They desig nate it as the " land of the white bear," as it abounds with those animals, which they appeared rather to dread, as, when we stood towards the peck in the forenoon, they en treated not to be left there as they were fearful of the bear now that so many of their women were with th e m. One mother mentioned that she bad her little child carried away Isg one of them a short time previous, while playing on the shore a little distance from her. The poor creature shed tears in relating the catastrophe. At parting several pre sents were bestowed upon them, which had the effect of eliciting promises of friendship for us or any of our white brethren who might come on their coast. These people had no article of European manufacture, except • few iron pots, which certainly they gave a very formidable price for—no lees than five of the beet silver fox-skins for each. The tribe leave the Cape about the 20th of Sep tember, when the ice is sulleleatly strong to bear their sledges, for the purpose of bartering with the bordering tribe; they then go to their winter louses Nome distance inland, with the exception of • few families, who live the entire year upon this bleak and inhospitable shore. Sep tember 2nd. Fine day, with light northerly wind ; ran along the pack edge, the ice being heavy and impenetrable, .not a drop of water to be seen from the mast-head among it ; the water between it and the shore is practicable, although encumbered with mach loose ice. Experienc ed a strong current from the south-east, which set us to the westward of the Bailey Islands. Upon the morning of the 3rd, the wind gradually veered to the southward, bringing with it a very dense fog, and, being at the time surronaded with heavy too pieces and close sailing ice, through which it was necessary to pursue our course, so that every advantage might be taken of the favourable breeze, the vessel occasionally came into violent collision. At noon it cleared a little, when Trail Point bore S.S.W. about seven miles; soucded in 65 fathoms (mud); the nights having a few hours darkness, blue lights and rocket. are fired for the purpose of attracting the attention of any parties that might be returning from Wollaston or Victoria Lando bound to the Meehan:ie.—September 4. Light va riable winds, with warm weather, the temperature ruing to SI deg.; the water along shore free from ice; about four miles to the westward:of the Horton, sounded is 83 fathoms, and shortly after passed over a narrow aloe' t7,ie - na , * .a fathoms ; a few pieces of heavy ice were grounded upon it - ; the land appears to average front SI to 100 f ee t i n height , composed of blue clay intermingled with sand. M oo ; whales have been about the ship; at rue time eight and from one to four the greater pact of th e d ay. A 'lo the first that has been seen, was likewise remarked upon some louse ice in shore, but time se oull am allow of its being pursued. Septemb e r 5. Th e „, 4. Cher, which had been squally, accompanied by a ma, tog during the 'ley part of the day, cleared tow ar d s noon when a large volume set was observed abeut 12 tam ; S.W., and five to the e mtsrard of the Horto n , i n t h e se spot he e es a tv t i ; having tor thehadla n landed attracteded mark o f . , sw hich reindeerhattentionwould leai traced it e rai r onc n .. gr s a e, m. diva nmbalaiuul opinions were in circulation respecting its probehle cote' a t 1 and the ice-mate having pesitively reported th a t f t , thi crow's-Oat he could disuuguish sev e r a l per-oie mating oboe!, dressed in white shirt., and o b serve d some white tents in a hollow of the cliff, 1 certainly had every moan to imagine they were a parry of Europeans in distress, con vinced that no travellers would remain for so l ung a period as we had remarke3 the smoke in one spot f ur t h e i r plea. sure ; therefore, to satisfy myself equally as others, I deter mini d to send a boat on shore, se it was now calm; the fi rst whaleboat, under Licutectut Cresswell, with D r. Arm. strong and Mr. Miert.ching, despatched t o examine into the cause, who un their return report e d the rinolie to emanate from 15 small mounds, of volc an i c appearance, occupying a space of alma 50 yards, the pl ace s t rongly im pregnated with sulphur, the lower mound s b e i ng a!iout 30 feet Above the see level, the highest abo u t all feet ; the l an d in its vicinity was blue clay, much inter sec t e d w i tu ravines and deep watercourse+, varying in ele va ti on f rom 300 to 5 pond of water immediately above the nolunels; a noti ce o f o: f t as the cliff is evidently rapidly crunibling a wa y . T hus the mystery of the white shirts and tent s was most eatisfac. torily explained ; a breeze shortly springing u p from the westward, we made sail to the N E. ; duri ng t h e right it freshened considerably, with rain and thick weath er; t hi s, combined with four hour,' darkness, c om p e ll e d me to sail, although loath to lose th e f u ll h eat fi t of the fair wind, but we struck so heasily against e floe pieces that were barely shove the water, that the greatest vigilance and attention were insufficient to avoid them, so au alternative remained to prevent disaster. A great many seals and weeks were teen in Franklin•bay; no less than 1.5 of the latter were playing around us at one time, but very small, or, according to Greenland hshi aa phraseology, " haying only thremiu it bone," so Mr. New ton, the ice-mate, informs me. At 4 a.m. upon tee morn. ing of the 6th, we were ott „the small islands near Cape Parry, bearing N E by N., ten miles, with a fine westerly breeze, and loose saltine ice, interspersed with many heavy floe pieces ; the main pack was about three miles to the N.W., apparently one solid mees. At 11.30 cm. high land was observed on the p let bow, bearing N.E. by it., distant about 50 miles. On approaching it, the main pack appeared to be reeling upon the western shore, which side it was my intention to have coasted hart it been possible; the eastern one being, however, comparatively clear as far as could be ascertained from the masthead, decided me to follow the water, supposing it an island round whizh a eu. sage would be found into the Polar Sc,. We continued working to windward the whole of the night, sod by 9.30 a.m. of the 7th were off the Solth Cape, a fine bold head land, the cliffs rising perpendicularly upwards of a thou• sand feet, which woe named " Lord Nelson's Head," in memory of the hero e lose early career was connected with Arctic adventure. fle e shortly afterwards hove to, and, with the first whaleboat and cutter, landed and took pos seesi-o, in the name of her meet gracious Majesty, calling it " Baring's Island," in honour of the First Lord of the Admiralty. A pole woo erected, with a large painted ball upon it, near a cask, which was left, containing a notifica tion and other particulars of our having been there; the sights obtained by artificial horizon place the signal staff in lat. 71 deg. 6 min. N., lon. 123 deg. W. ; sad the tall of the tide was aacertained to be 6 inches during roe hour. and.a-half. We observed numerous recent tracts of rein deer, hare, and wild fowl, mess, and divers species of wild flowers were also in great abundance ; many specimens of them equally, se of other snhjects, of interest to the naturalist, were selected with much care by Dr. Armstrong. From an elevation obtained of about 500 leer, we had a fine view towards the interior, which was well clothed with moss, giving a verdant appearance to the ranges of hills that rose gradually to Mitwecu *2,000 and 3,00 a feet, intersected with ravines, which must convey a copious supply of water to a large lake situated in the centre of a wide plain. about 1.5 miles distant; the night to seaward was favourable in the extreme—open watt r, with a very small quantity cl ice, for the distance of full 40 miles towards the east, insured good progress in that eirection. Returning on board at 1 p.m., we made sail to the eastward, having a beating wind. Con tinued working along shore, in soundings varying from nine to 76 fathoms, dark mud mizsd with yellow clay, until close to the land, wit nit changed to fine white sand. The weather becoming foggy, our lead was the only guide until 10 a.m. of the 9th ; it then cleared for a short time, when land was observed to the eastward, about 15 miles distant, extending to the northward as far as the eye could reach. The mountains in the interior are; lofty and snow-covered, while the low ground is quite free. Several very remark. able peaks were iiisecrnable, apparently of volcanic origin. This discovery was named I'rince Albert's Island, in honour of her Majesty's consort, in lat. 72 1 N., long. 119 25 W., continuing our course slowly to the N.E., in consequence of thick fog, snow: gni baffling winds. At 8 a.m. of the 10th we were near two rocky islets, named after her Royal Highness the Princess Royal, the largest being about 600 feet in height, and a mile mud-a-half in length, the southern and eastern sides being precipitous ; the other was shout a quarter of a mile long and a howl: ed feet high, gra dually sloping to the water's edge, representing very much the appearance of an inverted whaleboat; the wind becom ing fair, and weather clearing, all the studding sails were set, with the hope of i eachiug Barrow's Straits, from which we were DOW distant about 70 miles, as the water was tolerably clear in that directien, although much ice was lying against the western land, and from a shoal extending towards it from the largest of the Princess Royal Islands, upon which we obteined 13-fathoms water; much loose ice was also in motion, and while endeavouring to run between two floes, at the rate of four knots, they closed so rapidly, one upon either beam, that our way was instantly stopped, and the vessel lifted considerably ; in this position we were retained a quarter of an hour, when the pressure eased and we proceeded. Our advance was of short duration, as at 2 p.m. the wird suddenly shifted to the north-east and began to freshen; the water, which a few hours previous had excited sanguine lovas of a good run, tIVC:OIe soon thickly studded with floes, that by 4 p.m. there was scarcely eufficient to keep the ship free ; this by much exertion was, however, effected, until 2 a.m. of the Ilth, when we were beset; at 5 a.m. the ice again opened, which admitted of our getting • few miles to the turth-cast, until 11.39 a.m., when our course was impeded by a very dense peck. At 7 p.m. the wind shifting to the north-west, set the whole body of the ice upon the eastern ahcre, which shoaled our water from 80 to 50 fathoms in one hour ; a clear space of two miles was, however, the result of this movement, in which we contiuued working the whole night, and upon the morning of the 12th perceived we hal lost tome miles, se the pack was in motion to the southward ; also the further mortification of seeing the whole of the western shore per fectly exempt from ice, while the space of water we occu pied was become rapidly more limited by very large and heavy floes, through which we were unable to force, and at 11 a.m. were sgain beset. A fresh gale, with snow, which continued until the morning of the 13th, pressed the its so heavily upon the vessel that the rudder was unhung to prevent its being damaged; during the night the tem perature fell to 10 deg., and the land became completely snow covered; on the lsth, however, it rose to 30 deg o with the wind from the S.W., which set the ice in motion, com pelling us to shift our berth to avoid collision with an immense floe. At 2.36 a.m. commenced wimple?, which tediou- sod laborious duty continued with but slight inter mission until half-past 12, when we passed into clear water. A run of five miles to the N.E. brought us to another icy field too dense to penetrate, extending from shore to shore, which hers is about 12 miles asunder. The weather towards sunset becoming thick with snow, we ran into six fathoms, sod secured to a piece of grounded ice under the western land, with the intention of remaining during the night, as they were then long and dark, therefore mistreating among close ice is quite impracticable ; the wind, which bad been fresh from the S.W. during the day, about 7 p.m. taillight, when the ice in the N.E., no longer restrained, spread with such rapidity that at a little after 8 it was observed ap proaching, its whi'e line clearly defined mining like an unbroken wave along the dark smooth water. To turn the hands up, make sail, and cast off the warps, was bat the work of a few minutes ; yet, with such violence was it impelled, that we had scarcely time to tow clear of themes we had been fast to before it encircled the vessel, sweeping h aged to the S.E., which took us cb hiir ien aw .di a r b eco to nu t ro h sn e e S wt . ha t e : b . cc iu le to h. fi f r o e rt f u at n to t m ely s. , f l re e m xpe s.e ct m ed e to un have men into 20 fathoms. Thus fluctuating between heron and fears until 11.45 p.m., when its progress was mysteriously arrested allowed of our running into clear fi w ce u o f n a as the w e welld rawingw a a st water he t °f when evero became a subject of anxious consideration what couree to m ur stakably pointed out, tt nlcwsllasd:eel for mation gradually wind o l ytt the ahoeeb:cfecanalii openin g gen nav i gable uponlight, the the I s e aso n temperature,s adopt in regard to the safety of the vessel, whether, by run ning to the southward, in which direction the water was still open, to endeavour to obtain a harbour in one of the bays indenting the south eastern side of Baring's Land, the nearest, probably, being 60 miles distant, and then only the chance of finding a safe anchorage, which, if our search proved a failure, would place the vessel in a worse situation than at present, exposing her toe wide sea range, subject to heavy pressure from the enormous massive floes with which the Polar Sea is encumbered, from which we are here pro tected by the Princess Royal Islands, or continue our ad vance to the north east as long as the season permitted, and then submit to the only [alternative, that of kiwi:hag a winter in the pack. I decided upon the latter, for them reasons—that to relinquish the ground obtained through so much difficulty, labour, and anxiety, for only the Toots chance of lading safe winter quarters, would be injudicious, thoroughly impressed as I am with the absolute importance of retainiag every mile to insure any favourable results while navigating these seas, the lots of which might fro , trate the operations of a wbele season. Above all, bring, in 'the vicinity of Banks's Land, and in the direction which Sir J. Franklin would in all probability have endeavoured to penetrate could he have reached Cape Walker ; I therm fore considered that our position was most eligible for car rying into full effect the instructions of my Lords Comets monenof the Admiralty when the season becomes favourable for despatching parties upon this important and interesting search. These, sir, were the considerations which influenced me in this " choice of difficulties," and they will, I trust, appear of sufficient vslidity to meet with the concurrence of their lordships, hazardous as was the experiment. At 6 a.m. of the 17th, the wind, which had been light from the N.W., gradually died away, when we were almost imrn , " two /: fit t ret ice eee in , tib for tht al fiL Cl