The Express. — London, England, 1851-01-14 00:00:00

Every SATURDAE Mumma min be published, THE EXHIBITION EXPRESS, AM OP A DLILT IPOISING DOUALA PAPAS, PRICE POURPENCE, *VITT TONSIDLI INTONMATION 111LATITI TO TNT GREAT EXHIBITION OF 1851, m weep, minarroas• PSOITSCTI. arum= cow. Mai; AiILANONZINT,. ATTILANANCII, P3OOIIINI, PANT AND FRCS& THE enormous .umber of persons intortsted in the fortheemisig Great Ezhibittoo of the World's Industry Molar hitherto ►od no setisfavotry representative in toe Prom —so Parer ruffle estly large, and wit► aschanisas itempreheasive gone g b to "rasp and exemplify the forthcoming Espositioe with ruiner. w••rth• of eo 'read so event—tor' Propr.eren of the " EXPItEni" have determined upon booing, every Saturday afarnoon, a daub!' 'beet of that Pape, to oontsis !sneer sad latest informatics velativs W the Eah►bitiss. together with s mesa of other matter emeerstsle to the saultiesde of pumas isteres'ad either es Omani sod local Committeemen sod Seerataris. si m acs,. Proviesial Travellieg Glebe, /Inhibitors, Friends of lanit.,tori, BArslo of Raniutoro, mai t►. si ll ll , l* , said muter circle of then who en to be the bemire& of thoussads o f y.e . ton to the u.t,r.lia dais,* the I,irthoomisit Con gress of Indestry of all Nations In addition to everything eelste•• to its Etpositios, t►is Diable Sheet will give tileserel News, and will. moreover, espesislly attend to all !haunt Hanoi is Literstat Scam, and Art. Oa every day eta pt 13 as noy tbo price of an EXPRESS rill b Threspne^. es ►aestden• ADVERTISEMENTS. Tie groat vela of the "EXHIBITION EXPRESS " In I m•dism, art be widest to edvaleen. AU Jv.rdWmeste slat be at the Oflke is Wltitelriers at • helm Eight is as Erosisir of *So Frail, to usw in. woks to the 'amber el the bellarieg day. Site erpreoo• TO COItRESPONDENTS. Advertiimene.lalm.le,l to The Espro London Ertni:si pop? 1 ,,00t be a tin ortkr, In, Boqvorte•Anot. by Two o'clock as th; ..1.7 of poblwation. 1111 ill WATER AT LONDON 13R1D611. Ton. DA• —Morning Intl. SIM —.....Aftrramn, II h. On. 'l%; manor—Mumma, 12%. OM 126, 3a1., LONDON, TUESDAY, JANUARY 14. 1 He events of the last week in Paris have at least ace good signification—they denote that however the minds of influential politicians are agitated by personal c disiderations of who than wield command, and wt.o shall have power, the great body of the satiun beneath them have at length recovered a normal state of tratquillity, of self-powiresion, and an absecos alike of menace an i of fear. The Hargraves, as the professional politicians of former eviler,' and sainietries are called, were, like pilots taken on board, to weer the chip through • dangerous paingo in boisterous weather. Bat the strait being passed, and the weather having cleared op, tie ear in and crew have determined to get rid of these atraree pilots, who were given to magnify danger, and who had cunningly endeavoured to steer the ship into a quite different port from that to which it was bout d. The reign of the terrorist conservatives's well's that of the socialist errant.' -ra seems drawing to a close. Li his struggle with the former the Pareetnetrr hu found sympathy in the middle ol teased as he h stood merely for hie right, and has vindicated that right without producing disorder or untoward result, he must largely gain in reputation, iu trued, and in adhecons by his courage and his success. Tee mere fact of his baying , retain-d the services of a prudent men like M. lia KOCH it, and won the support of such a peritonea, as I.llitutT:4 DE Lures, whilst engaging is the bold adventure of a struggle with the Assembly, shows that Loris NAPOLEON has at length a flag under which not merely imperialist adventurers, but sober and calcu lating statesmen, are ready to rally in order to com bat the pretensioes and inttigue of the royalists of all colours. We have long since given our opinion that nothing but • republican tarn of givernment is tenable in France, notwithstatding the aversion entertained to wards even the very name by the upper and influen tial class, a well as the fear of its being unfavourable to tranquillity and trade entertained by the citizen and shopke per. These, however, have come to per ceive that the efforts and c itspiracies fur restoring monarchy would lead to tenfold more turbulence, col, Anion, and iosecuritv,than maintaining the republican /armor government, Lenity sa it ie. And hence the decide d disapprobation given to that monarchical party in the Cnamber which had already entrenched itself in the military commend of l'aris, and in the known teedenciee of • majority of the Assembly. fiespicions are no doubt entertained of the sincerity of LoVio NAPOLEON in his assertion that he will maiateus the integrity of the republican government. Bet at all events he is not the m.re prcnynent or im modest aggressor; and he may with every justice say that if monarchy is to be restored, the BONAPARTE. have sieved • right so any other family. In casting up the comparative worth, indeed, of imperialist mid royalist pre'enoions, there are many senses that might induce • liberal Frenchman to pre fer the BONAPARTI to the Rot KtiON. None of them now come forward as representing the monarchy of the harriced. e, or elaimi' g this throne by the some right a. LO.llSPnimeen,, the choice of the people. Loris "'Paters himself, before his death, based the claim of his family cm the ground of its being the legitimate heir after the death of the childless Doke of BORDRAVI. Nor is it possible to look forward to the aceeesios of the ORLRANS brunch without foresee ing that it will inherit and assume all legiti mist claims and pretension. These go to no lere Van the old principle of divine right, sad put forward nothing milder as policy than a norrernement den h e'd, based on the ascendancy of an upper and dominant clue, of a court, and of ultra coeservatiem. That the prop . * ate not to be con enlisted, bet intimidated, is just as much the dogma etf M. OVIZOT and M. TRIERS at present, as it used to be of M. Di PoLlonee. And in apprec,ating their political principles, we must recognise in them that old creed which is traditional arid prevalent in every despotic court. With Fiance licked in such a bond of sympathy with Russia, with Austris, and the other military and despotic powers, there would be little hope for Europe, and no chance, indeed, fur Que asier*, save in cautions isolation. A Ititeerearier Presidency, and even • BONAPAR TIST Emperor, whatever their colour or tendencies, is liberalism and enlightenment compared with ibis. After all, it was, and must be, based on the suffrages ettbe people, and could not long expect to survive po pular aversion. It might for a time chime in with Austria, or strike a bargain with Russia for a definite peeper*. but in the math a BON AAAAA rolgirne c mid sot exist without these liberal sympathies for Italian independence and derma emancipation, on which Fiance under BOURBONS or BoutisoN states men would infallibly tarn its beck. The instinct of liberal Europa desires, first, therefore, the prevalence et a republic in France ; and, secondly, if a republic be impossible, a Bonspartist rather than a legitimist dynarty. I n l aying this much, and in giving a strong pre imam to LOCI. NAVOLRON over that aver-rated and empty idol, Ceateneareten, we are very far from being admirers of the PRESIDENT'S past policy or acts. We have seen him. indeed, mote than once, manifest a desire to shake off ultra-conservative tram meta. He went far to repudiate the responsibility of that isfamons opt:wee-ion of the Romans. And in these I later months he has manifested a policy far different ! from that of the Bergey's. Their anxiety was to' place France at the tail of Austria and Russia—his to make the country take up an independent position. These thine* ere not to be overlooked. And whilst they make us loathe the guile and retrograde clique that miss or under the generalship of MOLE and BER RTE., CIIABOARNIER and DUPIN, they leave room for Nome home in the liberal tendencies of the Pau-si nter. fns rulers of the University of Dublin ars said to be at length awaking from their lone dream of irre rmoneible and anti•popular. poen r. From one genera tion to an ab►r they bare dozed ow, in the fat and , flattering belief that their monopoly wee providential and immortal. In the days of an Irish parliament they wets favoured and fed with grants of money cut of the national taxation, as in earlier times they had been enriched by royal smuts out of the forfeitures of the civil win. About the time of the union projects were on foot for the establishment of a second uni- THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 14, 1851. vanity, is order to provide for the wants of the great majority of the people: who, being either catholic@ or presbyter's* weds' shut out of all participation in the- baits or, higher hououn of Trinity College. Bet the govern-' meat of that day steadily set its f against Oe Tea-. ligation of such designs. The idea Ist eompetttios.was declared to be at variance with sound policy. There was already, it was said, rather too much intellectual ao ivity in the country for imperial purposes. If the KW of the gentry desired collegiate instruction, they might become students of Osturd or Cambridge ; and as foe the nom:entertain mass, what did they want of university degrees? Half a century has since elapsed, and what do we see? The monopoly has durirg that period been complete. True to the spirit of the trust reposed in them, the governing body of Trinity College have Ks served that institution intact from popular sympathies or uses. The ancient system of religious arid political exclusion has been maintained in all its rigour. The clergy and laity of the established church divided the loaves and fishes between them, and left nothing to the disdained and disinherited creeds but the crusts and the bones. Provost, profes.ors, fellows, and scholars—all were arid are of the privileged fai'h. Sons of landlords and sons of beneficed clergy sup plied the greater part of the bursar's fees; but as no account was ever asked for, and none ever published of the issues and profits of the institution, surmise alone couldestimate the individual share of blessedness which each of the irresponsible authorities enjoyed. Only cm one point there was and could be no wear Trinity College was a monopoly, and should continue such everlastingly. Even in 1815. when strange and s'artling sounds of innovation filled the air, no voice of warning from the imperial government was heard. Tr s adminis tration of Mr. PITT had given the comfortab:e assurance that no competition should be permitted, and the aristocratic and clerical monopoly should be preserved. The administra ion of Sir RoneaT Pret reiterated the assurance, and protested that the new Queen's colleges they were about establishing were me ant in no respect as rival institu' ions, but as strictly prueincial seminarie a to supply the industrial wants of a wholly different class of the community. The university would not be touched. Its preserve eh uld not be invaded. Its ledger should never be audited. Its cloisters should never be trodden by a mingled crowd cf different creeds and ranks. The buttery should be full of fat things, and the cellar of wines on the lees. Tomorrow should ba even ss yes'erday, or yet more abundant. S the reverend rulers of Trinity College turned on their corporate pillow, and slept placidly as before. Meanwhile the unpretentious academies at Galway and Cork (fur that at Belfast was rather a modifica tion of what already existed there) proceeded towards completion ; and at the same time other changes of still greater importance were taking place. As the colleges rose the potatoes lured. Brute and ecclesi astical revenues failed, and the sons of squires and rectors no longer were sent in the numbers they had formerly been to Dublin University. Students began to frequent the new lecture rooms nearer to their respective himes; and though not for the most part perhaps consisting of those who otherwise might have @wired the bet of undergraduates in " Old Trinity," they doubthes included some who would under different circa= anew have " entered* there. The same cause which deprived the gentry of their usual means of educating their suns curtailed the income which the university derived from land. Tenants of coil , giate estates died of pestilence or fled the scene of ruin. Generally speaking, college property was but ill inan‘ed. Large fines were continually exacted for the renewal of leases; sod the uncharitable conjectured that the casual gain thus recured was distributed among the lucky Fellows for the time being. No account being required either by parliament or the crown, these details remained la the darkness of the corporate archives. And there they still remain; for when the recent commission of inquiry into the condition of Oxford and Cambridge universities was ordered by vote of the House of Commack Lord Jone Itt'ssaLt. refused to extend the investigation to Dublin for reasons he did not think fit to disclose. The general result, however, begins to be evident to all. The number of students has during the last four years been gradually declining, and " the most inful epprehensions " begin to be felt by the learned tn.:Naives of Dublin Univ. r4tv. The average number of s udents entered from 1830 to 1845, was more than 390. In 1845 there were 366; in 1846 there were 368; in 1847 there were 371; in 1848 they had decreased to 333; and in 1849 to 239. It would be absurd to ascribeehts acceleratir g progress of decline to the establishment of the provincial colleges. Tho dates alone render that supposition incredible. No competition of this direct description can reasonably be anticipated in future, provided the heads of the university shall even now arouse them from their long trance of unreal security, and en deavour by a timely adoption of a more liberal and enlightened system to win that popular reaped and confidence, with which it is plain that for their own sakes they can no larger aff.ad to dispense. So long as their monopoly continued nnassailed they dwelt in repose. So long as the only classes of society in Ireland who desired a higher species of education were the Anglican clergy and landed garrison of the kingdom, they had little need for fear. But the inotimbered estates are fast breaking up under the judicial hammer, and the days of the anti-Irish church, as an overgrown sinecure establishment, are numbered. If Dublin University would keep its posi tion and preserve its resources, it mast open its gates to the middle classes of all degrees and persuasions. The prestige of an ancient name still hangs around it. It possesses still incalculable advantages over every com petitor that has arisen or that may arise on the weetern side of the channel. One thing only it lacketh—that it is not national. It is the monument of an obsolete policy—the citadel of a surrendered town. Its isolated holders may devote themselves to starvation if they will; but to regain what they have lost is impossible : it has ceased to be. War-Javan the legislature sets itself in earnest to the task of ttoroughly remoulding the laws regulat• ing the rights of inventors, it will probably be found that there are four principal points to which their attention wiU be more especially caUed. Tae first, which we have already considered at some length. relates to the establishment of one central office of registration, and one cheap, simple, and expeditions mode of obtaining the official recognition of a patent right. The second consists in the dvermination of the amount of tax to be levied on those to whom patent rights are conceded, and tha mode in which that amount is to be paid. A third consideration would be the beet method of preserving, classifying, and publishing specifications with a view of most effectually communicating to the public satisfactory information as to the nature and number of inventions for which patents are already in existence. Last, bat by no means least, would come did object of substi tuting more summary modes of redress in cases of in fnngemen•, and n more satisfactory tribunal fur try ing thy validity of patent rights on the grounds of want of novelty, want of utility, or want of title in the patentee. Of all these points,aone presents a greater practical difficulty than the question of amount and mode of payment. The Committee of the Society of Arts (as we have mentioned in a previous article) propose that ,registration of inventions should be obtainable for a , period of one year on payment of 61., and should be renewable for four periods of five years, on payment of 101. at the first renewal, of 201. at the second, 501. at the third, and 1001. at the fourth. By this scheme I the total cost of a 21 years' term in a patent right would be 1861., and the principle of annual payments is not adopted. The " Aleocia , ion of Patentees for ! the Regulation of Patent Property," in an able and business-like paper lately published by them in de velopment of their views, propose that the concession for fourteen years of one patent for the whole empire should wet. in lieu of 111 other charges, 1001. The I mode in which it is proposed this amount should be paid is not particularised, but from the parallel drawn by the association between the case of the author of an useful invention and the author of a boDk,—the l►tter of whom, it is remarked, would frequently have to expend fu more loan 100/. before h • could give it to the world,—we are led to infer that the sum named is regarded as a fixed amount to be paid down in the first instance by the applicant for a patent as the I purchase money of his conceded right. In a paper now lying before no, which purports to be the " Outline of a Bill to alter the Lair relating to Patents fur Inventions," and which is understood to have been prepared by a gentleman of the bar who ,has had considerable practice in patent causes, the same um of 100!. is suggested as the exueme limit of egrage, to be gredd„, however,. got in p re agregatee Ifs instal's** Aodordog to pleas, patent 7 f or the* em pire nee to porchased for Spears, on this payment of 501.; . !or a further of seutu •on the payment of $01.; and or *nattier an 4-1101 period of seven years co th e pay ment of 201. Twenty-one rem is thee fixed upon as the extreme duration of a patent right, and to this extent the wheelie agrees with the proposals of the eommittee of the Society of Arts ; it 1 differs from those proposals in fixing 1001. instead of 1851. ae the limit of expenses in divid.ng the total period of the grant into three equal portions of seven years instead of into five portions, the first of one year and the rest of five years each---and also in directly reversing the principle on which the scale of pay ments was graduated by the committee, a main fea ture in whose scheme it was that the first outlay should be as moderate u possible, and that the pay ment required on each separate renewal should be increased in proportion to the increased power of pay ment which it might be fair to presume in an inventor the success of whose invention would seem to be proved by the very fact of hie applications for its renewal. It may well be conceived that when doctors differ to this extent the true remedy is one of no very easy discovery. The practical difficulties of the question are in fact very consider Ale, and by men of less sanguine dispositions are so magnified that a choice between opposite possibilities of evil seems to be the only course open to the reformer. On the other band, it is said that by making the primary concession of patent right too cheap, you will stimulate to an unhealthy extent the activity of needy epeculators in invention and produce a sort of intellectual intoxication in a class of men who are at present only too well disposed to abandon the sober pursuits of industry, for the more exciting chase of the chimeras of discovery. So with regard to the eyteem of annual payments, it is ob jected that, if adopted, it would put the needy patentee who has produced an invention which, when generally known, might become valuable, in the hands of the capitalist who has supplied him op to a certain point with the means of making the required annual payments, but who will purposely withdraw his aid, when most wanted, in order to compel the cession to him on the most advantageous terms of the patent, which would lapse if the required payment ' were not made. Oa the other hand, it is alleged that these fears are exaggerated ; that although, in some inetacc e, the liw price or a patent grant may tempt men to waste in fruitless efforts at invention the time and labour which might better be employed in the pursuits of regular industry, yet that, on the whole, the public will be vastly the gainers by the great con, terba lancing advantage of having no chick imposed upon that inventive ability, which is so far from being always associated with rank and wealth, that it would be more true to affirm that it frequently constitutes the sole patrimony of poverty. Is the appre hension of probably misleading a few artisans of over-active minds to be set against the splendid chance of enriching the communinity, and addirg, perhaps, to the every-day enjoyments of the woild, by means of some invention which might never, per haps, have seen the light, had you not reduced to a very insignificant amount the first cost of obtaining for it a legal recogoition? Again, with regard to ob jections urged against the scheme of annual payments, it is contended that they are on the whole rather specious than sound. It is not more difficult, soy the advocates of the annual system, for a poor man to obtain an annual accommodation, for a limited period, of five, or even ten pounds, than to find the means of raising at once so large a sum as SO!. or 1001. Nor is it clear in what respect the one method of borrowing puts him more in the power of the capitalist than the other. The aerostat besides against annual paymente, would tell with hardly less force against pi rtodical fines on renewal : the latter in fact would seem, if anything, more completely to put needy inventivensu within the grasp of unconscientious wealth. Rut if this be so, there remains in favour of the annual payment scheme the very considerable advantage that it a ill conceive, and decisively cperate, as a preven tive check on the continuance of theirs, abortive and impracticable patents which, though utterly useless for any purpose of public beneli . , may be, and often are, worked very mischievously against the interrate of the bond fide inventor, whose specification may present such points of simitarity to these stale patents as to give ground for a threat of legal proceedings, and thereby force a compromise, a purchase, or a partnership. To apply these principles to the modes of payment suggested in the three pipers to which we ha-se referred ; it appears to us that to require 1001. or 501 to be paid down in one sum for the first concession of a patent right, is contrary to those views which we consider most in accordance with the true interests of the public, and the true interests of the inventor; we very much prefer the plan of the committee of the Society of Arts, which concedes a patent right for one year for the payment of 51. ; the only grounds on which we should be diepoied toaissent from she com mittee are, first, because we think the sum of 1851. too high for the total period of patent right, and secondly —but of this we would be understood to speak more doubtfully—because we think that the French sys tem of small amnia payments is preferable to the scheme of short successive periods of concession with a fine imposed on each renewal, on a gradually ascending scale. We cannot conclude these remarks without the expression of a sincere hope that ere parliament meet some very decisive steps may be made towards securing the corcurient and unanimous action of all claws of Patent Law Reformers; one plan, though it may involve the mutual surrender of a few favour ite crotchets, will have far more weight with the government and the legislature, than any number of separate schemes, however self-consistent, however systematically matured. GERMANY. The sitting of the Second Chamber at Berlin on the 11th offered no point of interest. The budget of 1831 was not voted, and doubts were pre valent as to how the payments of the state were to be made. The oppoviion jonrnals maintained that government shoold ask for a bill of indemnity from the Chambers, while the mioisierisl papers refer to the 109:h article of the conritutioo. wording to which taxes may, at any time, be antici pated without recour•e being bed to a new law. Our prevent advicts confirm the statement of M. Ton der Heydrs resignation, and its acceptance by the King. Baron Menteuffel arrived at Dresden on the night of the 10th inst. He had an interview with Prince lichwarzetberg, who intends to remain at Dresden for some time to come. Count Reventlow, appointed Commissioner for the Duchies on the part of Denmark, has arrived at Hemburgh. CASSEL, JA!( 10. The members of the Superior Committee of Health, u well as those of the corsoistare, the Director of the Polytechnic School, and several of the officials at Hobgeisman and at It dtenburgh have obtained the dismissal they had demanded. FRANCE. PARIS, MONDAY Ilvmenie. In the sitting of the Assembly to-dey the represen tatives were chiefly occupied in conversing on the reports of the *Wier of the Committee of Perms- Bence,- which have been printed and distributed. The report of the committee was expected to be presented em Wednesday. The publication of the militates of the Committee of Permanence, of which I send yen a complete copy. is likely to damage the President less than his adversaries. These proces-verbaux in fact con tain nothing new, and are merely an official version of what appeared in the newel:topers during the last six weeks of the recess. If there ever existed a project for bringing the President to trial for high treason, according to the 68th article of the coeetitu rion—a project which might easily have entered into the heads of some of the Permanent Com mittee, to judge by the violence of the language attributed to them in the official reports of their sit tings—it is evident that the moment for carrying each a project into effect has been allowed to slip. The public has already judged the military pic-nice, the cries at the neje% s, the die missil of General Neumayor, and the amount of compl city which existed between the govern ment and the feats of the society of the Dix Decembre. The verdict of the country on these heads of accusation against the President would have been more severe, had it not recognised in the men who impeached him far bitterer enemies of the republic, sgainst which they had plotted at Claremont at.d Wiesbaden. If these considerations sufficed to absolve the President in the eyes of the public Wore the re-opening of the Assembly, there would be much lees chance of pro curing a sentence of condemnation against him since the emphatic pledges given in his message to respect the constitution. ire most important, indeed the only important, part of the printed proces-verbaux as far as any new revelation is coeceroed, is the declaration of General Changarnier with reord to the dismissal of Gee Neu mayer. Ile there soya that however deeply he may regret bring deprived of the services of so useful a lieutenant, still it was a mu-representation to con sider him as hostile to the gayer'meat, and that he should remain as he had ever been, ready to defend the person and the rights of the President of the Republic. All the fractions of the Left of the Assembly met yesterday morning, aid appointed a con mittee to consult on the situation. The committee is composed of MM. Cremieux,Victor Hago, Jules Fevre, Dupont de Bu-sac, Pascal Dupre, Orevy, Ch Girardin, Emmanuel Arago, Mohler' de la Drome, Schcalcher, Michael de Bourgee, Edgar, Quinet, Demme, Joly, arid Canet. The object of t his committee is to pro cure uni . y in the votes of the Lett. It was reported that the Assembly would take mea sures fir the prceecution of the Constitutianncl and With respect to the deliberations of the Committee on .l. ltemusat'e motion, little has transpired, as the closet secrecy is maintained by its members. It is lnd, however, that M Baroche had promised to inter dict from sale all journals attacking the Assembly in a eis,espectful mariner. It is said that the members are equally divided. 7 being for, and 7 against the government, so that the elating vote rested with the president, M. de Broglie. The reporter had not been yet appointed. M. Lanjuinais was a x Acted to be named reporter of the committee. I Lear that its resolution will be a very serious one. The members of the niejority complain bitterly of the hostility of the English press. There is no foundation that I can depend on for the rumour that M. de Broglie hale had an interview to day with the President of the Republic, at the Elysee. The proceedings ol the Assembly were comp letely devoid of interest. A bill was adopted anthcrisiug the President to ratify the treaty of extradition conc:uded with Spain. A new head ot the staff of the national guard has been appointed, in the person of C lone) Foltz, who is a close friend of Gen. Baraguay d'Hilliers. The Moniteur contains a notice, that from Jan. 13 the interest attached to the Treasury bends shall be fixed as follows : at 2! je:r cent, per annum fur bonds falling due in from three to five month.; at 3 per cent. p.r annum for bonds falling due in from six to eleven months; at 4 per cent. per a..uum for bonds at one year This order has given a smart up ward impulse to the funds. It is clear that .tl. Fould means to tell the world that the government is in nowise distress: d for money. At the Bourse it was considered that the motion of M. de Remusat would not be followed by any serious results, and that every day would bring over w to the side of the government. In consequence of these favourable influences, the Fives closed at 941.93 c., with a rive of 4.5 c. en the closing quotations ot Saturday. The following are the points in the pro6s-verh , stis of the Committee of Permanence, which have chiefly mitt d the attention of the Assembly. FouaTii SITTING, 6TH Seer.—The President communi. rived die. rs petitions from the department of the Meuse, einceiv-d in i tenting' terms, dernviding that the power lot life ssould be conferred oi. Price Lewis N poleon. Nisrif SITTING. 7Tti OCT.—in reply to questions pro- posed to him, General d'aleutpoul avowed Met a distribu tion of meat, of the value of about 25 centimes pet egad, bad been made from tee purse of the President of the R. public to the troops at i t Ty, he also avowed that U. Lou's Bonaparte bad die ,ribured champagoe, br. ad, and meat to the officers and sub officers mixed together on the ground. Gen. Changarnim d. clued that it was contrary to his advice, and in spite of Me recommendation, that acclamations were not only so couraged but pr .voked. If he did not adopt measures of repetition, it woe that at a review at which the President of he It •public and the leLnieter of War were present, theft responsibility covered and effaced that of the commander-ea chief. M. Dupla observed the gravity which in these elplanatioos the constitutional question assumed. What Nu in question wee as less than the d:scipliae of the army and the IN eruct of the few., TaNTH 3irrixo, Ocr. 11.—The members of the Com mittee who were present at the review at fiatory,ot the 10. h October, made their report. They sioaninously declared that the cries of " ice Napoleon ! ' Viva l'Empereur !" uttered by some iquadrons of cavalry, were evactently pro voked by toe ollimes, and repeated by the soldier§ eriteout enilletvialm and erithou• spontaneousness. Before the review the President of the Republic bad caused to be communi cated to the chiefs of corps that he would be always happy to receive the testimonies of symp ithy which the troops would gm him. FotAirmiNTll SITTING, OCT. 33.-A member observed that toe inaction of the executive power in face of the intrigues of the society of the Dix D.:cerebra were not only prows of culpable par. iality, but might even be qualified as 'roam At this same sitting the question of replecMg 0-neral Neurnemr was raised, and General Chungaraier declared that the only cause of the recitation was ins reply lands to a eel mei by General Neumayer, "Silence tinier arms is the attitude meet conformable to military regale lions." 0 1 Commenter said that he is not a man of any party, only the man of the country end the law, the man of eery above all, and this duty, the same la his eyes in ois. grace and at the head of an army, would cause bim, whether al or soldier, to expose his life for the defence of the person and legal authority of the President of the Republic. St is Simon, Nov. 2.—Toe committee ach , p:eit unanim.uely the tchuoriag resolution :—" Tne committee state that the Minister of tee Interior has opposed en ulna. sate refusal to explain himself on the question put to him rels•ive to the actual motion to which is attributed the measure taken wi.h regard to General Neumayer. In the resume which terminates the 20th and lest sitting, M. D apin lover a with severity to the riotous manifesta.ions of the society Dm Dements, the troub:es it has exci:ed, and tee naamti,y et prosecuting it, and said a 'second lact, not lees grave. are the snacifesta•ions which have accompanied the miLtary reviews. To. committee see in these cries an at tempt contrary to the actual order of things, and a breach el military discipline, either in the distribution of eataules and drit It, which have produced scenes of drunktnuess and dis order, or in the provocation on the part of some officers to politiesl demonstration', contrary to the laws and rep ule ti use. Toe sommitiee bee adjured the Minister of War to recall the •roops to the observance of the military reputations. The blieister of War has dime nothing, but he hes eta ed to oe Minister ot War ;he issued no order of the d•y, but Gen. Cnangarnier hes iwa. d one, 'wades, energetic, fo.inde.; on the iiecessi , y of °memo, the laws and reAula ions, and the government has in fact adopted it by its acquit , acence." Ti. following is the text of a proposition tending to modify the electoral law of May 31, 1650, deposed on Saturday in the bureau of the Assembly by M. de Ltroshejaqutlin Art. 1. Within 30 days of the promulgation of the ;resent law the electoral list shall be addressed by the mayors, as awed by tares delegates appointed for seen oomenuae, two by the municipal casual of the commune, toe third by the jug. de pair ; they mast be domiciliated in the °into's. Sec. I. Similar to the law. Art. 2 The list shell sonars, in alphabetical order-Ist, alt Frenchmen aged 21 y. ars enjoying their civil end poli tical right., actually domiciliatail in the commune for two years. Sic. 2ln communes whose populati exceeds 2,000, the number of delegates shall be augmented proper tion.lly. See. 2. Smiler to the law. Art 3 The electoral domicile *ball be proved—lst,by inscrip tion to one of the four direct taxes of one of the departments, ce by panne' inscrir ion on the roll of duty in kind fur the vidaal yoga. 2nd. By the de;laretiona of the fathers or SPAIN. MADRID, JAw. 7. The Chamber of Deputies continued to discus the bill on roads. During the sitting Name: gave ex, planation, on hie conduct in 1538, and during the movement at Seville. _ _ W ••• MADRID. JAN. 7 —Three per Cents., 334; after Bohn, 334 cult, 331 paper. FOIST per Cents ,121. PITO per C e nt s ., 12 7-16; alter Boles. 121 paper, 121 cash. COUPONS. 61 ; after Boles. 61 cash. PASSITeI, 34 ; after Bals►, 31 rash. Bank el Bt. Ferdinand, 96. Exchange on Londka, 50.65. A CURIOUS CASs was a few days ago submitted to this Tribunal of CO fi4ctional Polite of Montpellier. A priest ethos Comes of Montpellier was brought before it, on the charge of wearing the ecclesiastical costume, though bitsd by the bishop tr •us so doles for hieing committed certain acts of fraud. The public prosecutor contended that Use defendant bed, by wearing the costume a:ter the rolunition, violated Article 259 of the Penal Code, which forbids "the public wearing by any person ot any costume to which he is not entitled. The priest, on till COI:It/WV, maintained t .at as he had appealed to the archbishop against the b 'lsn't; sentence, be was warranted in wearing the costeme until the appeal should be decided. A good dud of learned discussion took place between the I üblic prosseutor and the advocate (or the defendant, sad eventually the tribunal fined the priest 60f. motheee, fathers or methersin-law, or other ancestral reledver, electors or not, dissieiliated for two years, as to what relates to sone, carries law, grandsons, and other dgeourdents of 101 l ego, and who shall not have been inscribed on the roll of different contributions. 3rd. By the declaration of maters or employers as to persons of full ego, who serve or work habitually at their hones. The rest Of the para graph is suppressed. Art. 4. The declarations of fathers, mothers, fathers or mothers-it-law, cr other ancestral relations, misters or em• players, shall be made in writing, or certified verbally on forces delivered gratis. Thus declarations shell be delivered every year to the mayor, between the Ist and 31st Dec. ; but, for 1861, in the three months following the promulgation of the law. Toe delegates shall satisfy tbeni-ehrea personally, and at she residences of all the electors entitled to vote. See. 2. The father, mothers, &0., &:., who cannot mak, their declaration In writing, shall attend with two witnesses domiciled in the commune, to make their declaration before the mayor or the delegates. Sees. 3 and 4, similar to the law See. 6. In ease of hiudrance of the fathers, mothers, &c., or in case of reiussl of the muter or employer to make or deliver the dr elevation wrich should be delivered each year t the mayor, the fact of domicile at the house of the metre, or habitual employment at the house of the muter or em ployer, shell be certified by the mayor, assisted by three delegates. Art. 6. Similar to the law. See. 2. The same provision applies to the ministers of religion recognised by the state. Arts. 6 and 6. Similar to the law. . Art. 7. Who•yer *hall quit the commune on the electoral list of which he shall be inscribed, Mar be inscribed on the list of his new domicile on condition of justifying, in the ' form and under the conditions prescribed by the law of his • domicile in the commune whine he shall reside. Art. 8 and 0 similar to the law. An. 10. Entirely suppreued. Art. 11 nnw Arr. 10 as the law. Art. 12. 13, and 14 as the law. Art. 15. In the even' in which the personal and furni tore tax is paid wholly or in part by the municipal treasury, the elate of the persons assessed, prepared by the proper officer', assisted by the controller of direct taxes. and which serves to determine the contingent of the commune, shall serve every year for the preparation of the electoral lista, without prejudice to the rights which can be suhstantieted of thole who are not inscribed en it. Sec. 2. As the law. TRANSITORY PROVISTONS.—Art. 15. AS to the prepara tion of the electoral lists made in ern cation of the present law, all the r. quirements prescribed by the law of 15th March, 1849, as to what concerns the delays and claims, shall be ohner d, with the exc.ption of Art 4, and the lie s .ball be closed three months alter the promulgation of the la.. See. 2. As the law. See. 3. Every person who shall not have resided two years in the commune where he shall reside at the time of the pri puati n of the lists, shall be inscribed on the electoral list of the commune where he shall have rrsidid previously, if ha can prove two years of domicile, conk ratably to Art. 3, without prejudice to the pro visiers of the second paragraph of Art. 2 and Art. 7 of the present law. Art. 16 Elintiln to the law. 001288 E. Par Account. PARIS, J. 13. I Foe Monty], Opening tilebeet. Lowest. Clostax per tents. ....... 37 0 3881 b 7 3 •80 57 0 per Cents.. do. New Loan 94 80 „ 94 73 „ per Cents. do 3B 80 I PO PO OP 3 per Cants. ....... is7 0 .4 81 57 5 5; 80 37 0 5 psi Cent,- . . 94 90 94 80 93 0 91 70 04 91 S do. Plow Loan 94 80 II „ 94 73 ~ a „ 3 pot Casts. do 38 80 1 „ a a i par OenU ratA „ tlytnore es Lapiou :at dint, :3; 9 7 days, 27 82i " lolition, 3,181 n . idoos7. Plopeoltairon Do. 3, 11142 ...... „ Rowan Lan -.1850 734 Do. 45 Do. ItS lB3O ~ Treasury Bond. — Fkolmost 3 paean& 85 25 „ Bank Shares 2310 „ Bouttsx.—Verssilles (left bank), 162 60; Paris and Or leans, 847 60; Paris and Rouen, 675; WHIM and HIMP. 273 75; Dierseides and Avignon 18.5; B.rashourg and B,li, 140; Centre (Viers 386 25; Orleans and B ir deans. 398 75; Northern, 468 75; Paris and Btrashourg, 350; Tours and Nantes, 24625; Mon and Troyes, 92 50; Dieppe and Fteamp, 193 75 ; Bordeaux and Team, 37 50. PROSECUTIONS OF THE GERMAN LIBERAL - PRESS. COLOGNE, JAN 11 We had yesterday, and the day before, two politi cal trials, the first against an art.cle published in the Inst Deutsche Z. elung, and the second against an article in the Kidnische Zeitung. The editor of the I{ - tst Deutsche Zeitung was accused of "exciting hatred among the different classes of society." The article conshred of phrases translated from the French jourialls, in which the writers declaim against priests, employers, the well to do, and the employer class generally. Its author has been condemned. bnt in the minimum penalty. The other inculpated article, that of the Cubuine Gazette, contains, accadine to the public prosecutor, the two crimes-1, An affront to the reverence of majesty ; and, 2, Calumniation of the minister. The jury acquitted the editor of the Cologne Gazette on both these charges. Tee-e simple facts are very characteristic. The jury has certainly represented the public opinion. Tee crime of exciting hatred among the different classes of society appears worthy of punishment, but in the present circumstances of Germany, even this crime finds a sort of excuse in the universal irritation. This is the reason why the accused has been con demned in the smallest penalty of the law. But the attack against the King and his minister has not affected even the carefully selected jury from which the accused has received a verdict of at quittal. This verdict has all the more significance, inasmuch as the accused and his advocate each frankly 'omitted the facto., and rather turned the trial into an attack on the King and hie minister than made a defence. It is true that both have sought to avert the blow from the King himself by the constitutional principle that the King can do no wrong, and that it is al ways the minister who is attacked when a royal act is called in question. But the appeal to this principle did not hinder the adoccate for the defence from I citing the words of the King delivered on different I occasions since March, 1848, by which it appeared as clear as day that what he had promised one day he had revoked another. With respect to the ministry, however, the accused and his defender accepted the accusation without ceremony, repeating plainly that is their view it merited no kind or degree of confi dence, and that its policy had been perfidious and lying. It was not difficult for the advocate to defend and prove this thesis. lle had but to trace the history of the ministry, and in so doing he showed how it had sought to deceive the nation, and shifted day by day from its position. The jury has publicly said that the accused editor was right, and that the ministry is lying and perfidious. I do not imagine that this result will change the least in the world the course of alf.irs. Certainly it is a sign of the times, but it will convey no lrs•on to government. Statesmen who have once made a merit of braving public opinion are not the men who may b • expected to accept the warning+ of good sense. They march blindly up to the precipice, and under star.d no danger until they fall crushed in the gulf. The process against the Cologne Gazette has still another curious and interesting aspect. This paper baa certainly been the most monarchical organ of public opinion in all Prussia. It has defended royalty in the very moment when it was most gravely compromised, and shown a true courage when all the royalists, par excellence, and especially those of the Prussian Cameral', were afraid to show themselves. When the texts were refused by the chamber it was the Cologne Gazette which had the destinies of the Rhenish provinces in its bands. From regard for royalty, from fear of changing conflict into revolu tion, the Golagne Gazette abandoned the tax-refusing chamber, and by the influence it exercised on the Rhine and throughout Prussia, it contributed more than any other power to the policy of tax refusal not having been persisted in. Notwithstanding all, the Cologne Gazette sustained the Prussian ministry up to the last moment ; it has sustained it against the popular indignation, when more than once its editors, offices, and printing-houses have been menaced in critical moments by the populace. To-day this inanel attacks both king and minister; to-oay it is prosecuted for these attacks, it all but admits the accusation, and is acquitted by the jury. The circle is completely travelled, and we are at the point whence we set out —the commencement of a revolution. THE BARRA HIGRLANDERS.—Mr. Dunn, con tractor for extensive improvements on the Halkertoun estate, who had agreed to employ the able-bodied of those Highlanders, seems somehow or other to have been led into error regarding teem. lie was asked to give work to seven of the men, but be was not told, and never inquired, as to their followers ; and when these, neanbering sixteen, arrived here on Thursday se'onight, along with the seven men, he saw that be had at least got more than be baptized for. The poor creatures appeared wiling to work, but could not—indeed, it was pretty clear that they had never used a spode—and, not being at all likely to be able to sup port their families, Mr. Dunn was under the necessity OR Tuesday last of sending back the whole party to their former quarters in Edinburgh, where their wawa are more likely to be attended to than could be looked for in a country parish. Another correspondent says: " The men were not only totally unfit for work, but among their followers (sixteen women and children) there were some had cases of small pox ; nevertheless, all were crammed into two small room•, with an empty bedstead in each. it, however, required some exertion to force them to leave."—Montrose Review. [The unfortunate Highlanders arrived in Edinburgh on Wednesday evening, and have sum been lodged in the Victoria lodging-house.) PENINSULAR MAIL. The Oriental Company's steam-packet Iberia, Captain C. F. Bonny, arrived at South .mpton last evening, and landed her mails under the charge of the Admiralty agent. Her dates are t—Gtbraltar, Jan. 6th; Cacts, Jan. 6:h • Lisbon, Jan. 9.h; Oporto, no communication; Vigo;Jan. 10th. _ The Cortes was open - ea on the 3rd of this month, but not by the Queen in person. !ler Majesty is daily expecting her confinement. The equadron is expected to sail on another cruise about the end of the month. It is the intention of the King, accompanied by his two eldest Princes, to go to London (to the Exhibition) is one of the war steamers. There is . no news ;tiering in the Peninsula. In Andalusia rain was much wanted, and also in Lisbon and its neighbourhood. The weather up to the close of the year had been retuarkably fine. The new line of steam ships touching at Lisbon will carry a large number of passengers between that port and Rio. The Camilla yacht was at Lisbon, and expected to sail fer Gibraltar and Cadiz on the Mb. Ex. change en Lisbon, 54.1. Efforts were making to form a Portuguese trans atlantic steam navigati , n company. The Encounter having returned to the Tagus on the 28th ult ' and the Phaeton having arrived on the 30th, the following British ships were still at Lisbon : The Prince Regen', Commodore Martin ; the Daunt less, Leander, Arethusa, Paseo"), Ito tibution, and Encounter; also the French steamer Csffarelli. Toe Minister of Finance's anneal report calculated upon a deficit of 813 contos at the end of the present financial year, and that it will be raised to 1,198 contos by the close of 1831-2, notwithstanding tho proposed continuance of the dividends spoliation, abatement from state salaries, Ecc. _ _ At Oporto exchange on London was quoted 547 to 55. Money very scarce. The total shipments of wine in 1830 amounted to 39,028 pipes. Business slack, and wine shipment on the decrease. Our correspondent, after referring to the opening of the Cortes, says : In the election for president of the Chamber of Deputies the government car.didate was elected by a great majority ; the president is. therefo . e, the same as last year, Counsellor Jobe Babel:. Costa Cabral ; and the government candidates were equally stteoeBll - in all the other places. In the Upper Chamber the government candidates have also been elected. Nothing of interest has yet taken place ; the Cham ber has been taken up with the election of the several committees, from whom there has be' n good care to exclude Counsellor Silva Cubes', and C.>. The Minister of Finances has read hie report and the budget. Amongst some authorisations fur several payments, he asks the power to pay the half-pay to the British offi:ers, and to pay to Mesre. Wilcox and Anderson 2,3001. The Minister of War has read to day the report of his department and the estimates. The Queen has given up of her pension during the present year, 91,230,000 reit, ; the Palace-Consort, gOOO,OOO reia ; and the two Princes, 13 oJutos of reis. Wines continue to tech good prices throughout the country, particularly at Oporto, as well as brandies. The following is the t xpwtation from 0,,0rt0 during the last year : To Great Britain, 23,400 pion wine, 2 brandy. Other places in Buroile, 2.091 wine, 2 brandy. To Portugal and colonies, 174 wines, 174 brandy. To the United States, 4,898 wine, ,321 brandy. To Brazil, 2,753 wine. To other places, 2,172 wine. . . According to the law, on the 4th inst, were pub licly burnt 73,026,000 reis. in Lisbon bank notes. The capital or the Lisbon Bank b ing .700,000,000 reis., and 2,773,758,000 reis. having bten burnt, the balance is 2,226,242,000 reis. Cbt Court. WINDSOR, MONDAY. JAN. 13. Prices Albert wort out oh — oOting this morning, attended by Lord Waterpark, Lieut.-Col. Hon. C. B. Phipps, Colonel Hon. Charles Grey, and Liert.-Culoael F. H. Sey mour. Toe Royal Family t ok lacking and pony exercise in the grounds adjacent to the Castle. His Ex.ilenery General R idavrim is expected to arrive at toe Castle today, on a visit to the Qamn and the ' , ince. Tim Royal dinner earty this evening will include His Bin Loamy Little -Gal. Radowitz and Lient.•Colonel Hon C. B. and Mn. Phipps. liar Majesty's private band will attend at the made after dinner. Lord Langdale had an interview with Lord Joh* Russell yesterday, at his official rebideuce in Drwalag• street. Colonel Lloyd Watkins, M.l'., I. nd-Lieutenant of the county of lireckneek, attended at the Rome-office yes terday to present addresses td tier Majesty :run, the laity and clergy of the Archdeaeonry of Br. eknock, and from the Mayor, Aldermen, Town Council, and Burgesses of Brecon, against papal aggremien. Mr. Parson had an interview with the Commis sioners of Railways on Saturciay, at their office an the Board of Trade, respecting the Oziurd, Wuicester, and Wolver hampton &Away. The Bishop of London and the Esti of Herrowby had an interview yesterday with Lord John Russell. Sir George Grey arrived in town last night from hie neat, Fallodon, Nwthumnerland. The Hight Hon. Fox Maule, Secretary at War e ban arrived at his residence in Eatnn•place, from Scotland. ..... • The Chancellor et the Exchequer and Lsdy Mary Wood arch, d at the official rtsidence of the right hon. haroert in Downing-strtet yesterday evening, from Mickleton Hall, Yorknhire. _ _ _ _ Despatches from the Governor ET Canada, and also from the Governors of the other North American colonies, were received yisterday at the Coloniel-other. It is generally believed in naval circles that the command of the Mediterrane►n fleet will be given to Admiral Deans Dundas; and that the g.llunt officer will be succeeded as first " Sea Lord" of the Admi ralty by Admiral Elliott. DEATH OF THE DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. The decease of this nobleman took place at his re sidenee, at Clumber park,Nottinehamsbir<oo the afternoon of Sunday, the 12th instant, atter ► long and painful illness. The late duke, Henry Pelham riennes-Peltrant Clinton, was the eon of the third duke, by the fifth daughter of the second Earl of Harrington. He was barn on the 30th Jan., 1785, and succeeded his father as the fourth duke in 1795. At an early age he we. sent to Eton, where he remained for seven years. After which, on accompanying a portion of his family to the Continent, in consequence of the troubles which prevailed at that time, he, with bin relatives, was de- Weed a prisoner for some years. In 1807, shortly after hie return to England, he married Georgians Elizabeth, daughter of Mr. Edward Miller Mundy, of Shipley, in the e unity of Derby, by whom be had a numerous family. The opposi. ion of the Duke of Newcastle to ea , bolic emancipation, and to the claims of the protestant dissenters, found ezpres ,ion in parliament and in his published letters. In com mittee on the Reform 1341 in May, 1832, the Duke of Newe.stle avowed his decided hi stility to the bill in every shape or stage; and be therefore thought it of little conse quence whether their lordship proceeded to consider the enfranchising or disfranchising clauses. In the debate which took place on the 18. h of the same month, upon the proposed ministerial . arrangements, the Duke of Newcastle strongly denounced the suggested crea tion of new peers to secure the pausing of the bill. From that time forward he took bet little part in parlia mentary politics. The deceased duke was curios rot UlO,lOll of Newark, steward end keeper of Sherwood forest and Fulewood-park, and high steward of R tford ; and ►e was patron of eight livinp. He was descended from John Baron Clinton, who lived In the time of Edward L The ninth Lord Clinton, an eminent nav►l commander, obtained the earldom of Lincoln from Queen Elizabeth. The ninth earl inherited the dukedom of I , 4wcaatle ni.der especial re mainder, from his wife's node, the first duet, and he as sumed the name of Pelham on euccehding to the title. The Right Hon. Henry Pelham Clinton, E.rl of Lincoln, eon of the late duke, mends to the title ; and a vacancy ie thus created in the parliamentary representation of the Falkirk district of boroughs. THE BISHOP or OEFOIIII.---It ie reported that the Bishop of Oxford hu issued an in against Dr. Pussy's preaching in his diocese —Church area brats THE ARMT.—A general court martial assembled at the Royal Barrack., Dublin, on Friday, the 10tb January, 1851, for the trial of Private David J Amon, of the 7th Dra goon Guards. It appeared from the evidence that between night and nine o'clock on the evening of the 25th December, 1850, a noise was heard and a light observed in the quarters in Newbridge Barracks, occupied by Lieutenant Goff, of the 7th Dragoon Guards, who, with his servant, was absent from the regiment at the time ; that some of the officers and men went to ascertain what was the matter; that upon the entrance of the party the prisoner, 11.,Iding a chair in him hands, made a rush from an adjoining of net towards the door; that Cornet Wetherell tried to stop him, but the prisoner, with the chair, struck him down on one knee, and got out of the room; that he wee puvued and secured at the toot of the rairease, when he made u e of the threatening language stated in the third charge. It also appeared that the prisoner had effected his entrance into Lieutenant Goff 's quarters by breaking through the ceiling of one of the closets from the loft above it. The prosecution having clued, the prisoner was put upon his defence, but declined calling any witnesses. The result of this court martial will not, of course, be known until the proceedings have been sub• milted to the Queen. Dll'lS AU: The COT BOOTOTOTy 2 was comma leo, is suffi entire in 1 Ids& of it/ I On the irian onto tppointme tient. On In (sett] b. ppriuci~ the Unit vhiett had to Trend Woo it in tustris hi be Unite 'be Aurri vent by t •bo did n lir. Du 117 onsiderat Me !Sp regrets nformed tistoriod mowledg ion that; !lave (Ir. to purp6 itnaggi, d year, ; tr ;Est ir:eco vor I d M. flu Mann wa Lent can the cable Linton dons wer This long olesignati **present while im Bussin, t /lauding has dei.tr 'asking s Washi , ,g ptleition a re p H ] , The of bon one in Coact griliernm all who foe, alts degare t nice seat) am it • tor'tl amsre ti is di'po' darst.O. born) b. Wain tatotems Mr. bably ou mono doentstii Ile eriti M. Hut I is pro rents i Ones : The u finua.t tiew NI cairn , Zur4 le 01 .nd eou sv. world t 'MI U" say de , ; 31011, C . haract arrest t I dosbtle: ~!M l i :hum gr whiCh