The Express. — London, England, 1853-10-26 00:00:00

`lle eriare. TO COKRESPONDENT3. A bowl &Aiwa •• Tat Lapse.," easits7Otai : Mat tiTCII4 . II .0., its." is pubusbsd ow, ry I 'lsola, sad Ft. .:1111C Ow post. Adsk ttworsta 'Wendel 'ne "Us t.sprisa.," Locks tonna, ;.4cs. Ml.** Met tar ft.,. a., Sou. sr b 7 Two cif.in.a oa day n.f publication. 1111:1I WATER AT LONDON 111:1131:-. 7" I h T —MaM M.The Ugh.... ...AMMO" Iwyoasuw —Yuma& OIL nok,.......Alginsus. I.a. nu LONDON. WEDNESDAY; 007 1 ,..DER 26. 'lt. .t Ent is spreading in London. As usual h fni. its fullest harr(dt in the region; ( r ,L:t and porvr . y, and at present the Southwark d'ele of the Thanes hits contriluted the largest yrrporton of rectum. '• The districts on the mouth iode cf the rice: -till ad.vrt their fatal pre-eminence." Icys the Reg:,:rar-thneral—anl high up upon :141 :ist of dead'' ;pod there is ore, within that Lzraugh, which appears to b. literally kept in a p--idanous I ecso. —that money may go into the prottt of a' Tia• I:iNhor of IVlsclit:s•TEß has authorise!' spe cial IC,Vices to be betel throughout his tliocse, fur the purpose of imploring the Divine aid in L.rostiog the prngress of the choler*. In so do:cg. re has dow,tless followed the dictates of a religious imrulse, and has ministered. as was his duty, to the Fympa tbi c d 11( many pious churchmen. It is an act which woo;d, under ordinary circumstances, rece:ve little or no comment in the columns of a daily jctunal, in which a mere statement of the fact wouicl be eutfi eier t. It happens, however, that in the present in. states there arc considerations connected with the loca:ity in which the event alluded to mires place which bring it within the arena of public discussion. The Bishop's right to interference in the spiritual affairs of his diocese is derived from 'n:s a3ce. He is the •jaismpv, the overseer of the der;ty and their Hocks. He has seen the miserable condition of a portion of his diocese, he fears the pr.ress of the evil wider which they are suffering, and Le comes forward like a wise overseer with a judicious act of spiritual authority. So far so good. is the Bishop going to stop here, or is he going to act like a certain carter in the fable? Cholera is in the Bishop's diocese, but has be looked for the exe2t spot ? Does he know that it is his own ;I:Dwit over which cholera rides Lord Paramount Hoes he know that filth and pestilence arc imprisoned in ioextricable bonds in the very estate which has yteided him or his predecessors a princely fortune? Has he ever asked himself the question, Am I not responsible for the presence of cholera on r.:y ovate, on account of my resolute determinat.cu to keep up a system which prevents the adoptbn of sanitary regulations? Am I guilty of the irreverent ab surdity of praying to be relieved from the pressure of a pestilence, and at the same time refusing to adopt the only means to remove it ?" If the Bishop is in a condition to answer these questions correctly, he must see that he is on the horns of an ugly dilemma. If not, what becomes of his assuml tioa of the title of an overseer? Has he translated the Greek vs ord signifying "to superintend " " to c% zreee," by the English word "to overlook," and taken ;ne benefit of the equivocation? . . . . . . However this may be, it is certain that cholera is raging in that very part of Southwark where the Bishop of WINCIIESI'ER'S property is situated—a spot which is a fruitful source of pestilence, death, and crime, solely because the Bishop refuses to grant conditions under which alone it can be improved. It is an established fact that tLre?-fifths of the deaths from cholera in the I:egistrar's Report of October 19 were on :he south indc of the Thames; that one-third of these Ism in St. Saviour's district ; and that, with one exception, these cases all occurred in what is called the Clink Liberty, which is the property of the Church. A great part of this Cist:ict has no sewers, but only gutters or ditches to convey the retuse of the dwellings to the Thames. The How of the tide up these ditches sometimes causes the homes to he flooded to the depth of two or three feet. This was the case three days last week. In some of the houses there is nothing between the olack mud which is festering in the ditches but :he Sooring of the lower apartments. What prepares this home for cholera in South wark ? Who keeps it in due pestiferous order ? Who is responsible to the country for esta'allrhicg a manu facture of pestilence and preventing its renr.,val ? Ask the leans and eub-lessees of the property. They tell us that the property is not improved, be cause the tenure is such that it is tilt worth while to expend money on it. This property is leased on lives. Three lives are taken, and, when one of these fall; in, the Bishop of WINCHESTER allows the in sertion of another name on the payment of a flue. Of the va►ue of these fines to the Bishop for the time being some idea may be formed by the following ex tract from evidence given by Mr. Porr, relating to the Winchester Park Estate, before the Royal CAM. IMMO : Perhaps the Ceenadatiemn 'meld like to know es some nide, what the flats apes this property brie been Inm time to time. Ima speak of. large portion of it. In the year 17.58 a Ills dropped, sad the hue paid to the bishop was 1,6001.; that Iseluded the whole of the property held by Mr. Peyote/ and myself. In the year 1763 another life dropped, and the same fins was paid, 1, 5001. No renewal took plies dim that time until the year 1309, although lifs had dripped twenty yeas before; mu. I believe, it was from what was considered en exorbitant bra having lima demanded by the bishop, that no renewal took pleas at that time. In 1802 my father became poeseued of part of this property, is conjunction with others, and they Ira asediately applied to the bishop for a renewal, and to be allowed to pat in another life. The discussion continued from the year 1902 until the year 1809, six years; and the biih3p thee said, as I have been told, " I will have me year's rack rent of the estate, and I will hate twenty years' interest upon It, because you ought to lyre renewed twenty years' ago;" sled he received upon that occasion 14.0001., within a fraction, for renewmg only toot part of the estate which 1 now hold, exclusive of Mr. Payntsr'e holding, which was not renewed at the same time. It will be seen from this statement that no right of renewal can be claimed by tenants under such a sys tem. and that the tenure being so far uncertain the indu.cment to make improvements in property thus held becomes very small. In the evidence. brought before the same Commission we read (To Mr. Tett.)—Must not this tenure, practica.ly depend lag upon lives, be a very inconvenient one, to sublestees especially t—lt is very inconvenient. Mr. Paynter—l think it might be considerably ink proved. Mr. Thornton—lt prevent. all improvanaits. A great number of substantial bui:dings would be erected if Uwe was a certainty in the tenure. (To Mr. Paynter.)—Da you mean long hued terms of yeast—Yee. Long fixed terms of years would bring for in time gradually a better class of house.. In fact, if you go to an estate on one side of the river, you will see practically what a different class of houses has boon built upon ditferent tenures. . . . . Before the year 1851 there were legal difficulties in the way of the holders of Church property grant ing satisfactory leases, but this difficulty was removed by the Act of 1851, which gave power to the Bishops to enfranchise episcopa. property. This Act, however, wu not compulsory, but only permissive. It depends, therefore, upon the will of an individual Bishop whether he will allow of the extension of the provisions of the Act to the estates of his see. The Bishop of WlN cuEsrrEß, who was applied to by lessees in South wark to permit the enfranchisement of the property hell by them, refused, alleging that it would not be consistent with the interests of the Church. It is agreed, neverthelus, that the Church as a corpora -1 tiou would be greatly benefited by berrying out the principle of enfranchisement. The very preamble of the Act of 1431 takes the ground that enfran chisement would " tend to the Improvement of Eiiscopal and Capitular Estates in Eng ' land without prejudice to the interests of persons holding leases granted thereof." In spite of tl.is the Bishop of WINCHESTER who received six years ago some 11,0001. as a fine for renewal upon the fulling in of a life, and who may expect to receive 0,0001. more upon the rest upon a similar contingency, refuses to alter the mode of tenure. The tendency of this refusal is to stile all desire on the part of the tenants to improve the property. They know that should a life full in, shortly after they have expended money on improvements, the amount cf fine they would have had to pay had the tenements they occupy remained unaltered, will be in creased in proportion to the augmentation of value the property has received by the very money they have laid out upon it. So the broken-down houses are crowded to the roof by the vicious, the diseased, the idle, and the indigent—filth is accuinuleting—the fetid stream of death moves constantly under the flooring of the housel—fever and cholera are generated, or supplied with means of nourishment and increase—a maga zine of death is (we are told) kept constantly in opera tion because the Bishop of WINCHESTER waits for his 40,004 1 ! .—because some one life may be terminated before his own. We shall have the affairs of the Church properly regulated some day, we suppose. And then what will be thought of a monstrous tale like this? A Bishop praying for Divine assistance, but sternly re fusing to move a finger to aid in giving the assist ance he prays for. He may plead that he has suffi cient to do with the spir:tual affairs of his diocese, to warrant him in leaving to laymen to take precautions against so material a matter as a disease. Has be never reflet.ted upon the close connexion between physical disease and moral depravity ? If not, let him turn to a Heathen authority, the historian TIILTYDIDE. If his Greek has grown rusty in the lapse of years, let him turn to the quaint version of HOBBES in the edition of the accomplished member for Southwark. We leave him to reflect upon the following passage from the account given by DIECE• DIDES of the plague at Athens: Aud the great licentiousness which also in other kinds has become prevalent in the city began at first from the disease. For that which • man bet n• would dissemble, and not ac knowledge to be done fcr voluptuousness he now durst do freely, seeing before his eyes such quick revolutions of the rich suddenly dying, and men worthless inheriting their estate,. Inasmuch ea they justified a speedy fruition of their estates, sad doing all for their pleasure as men that thought they held their lives but for a day. As for pains no man was forward in any action of honour to take any, because they thouaht it uncertain whether they should die or not before they achieved it. And whatsoever was pleasant for the present moment, and was conducive to that, that was held both profitable and honourable. Neither the fear of God an laws of men awed any man ; not the former, because they concluded it was alike to worship or not worship, from seeing that alike all perished ; not the latter, because no man ezpectad that lives would last till he received punish ment for his crime,. But they thought there was now over their heads some far greater judgment, before which fell they thought to enjoy some little part of their lives. THE TURKISH FORCES. ---40--•-• TO Tan EDITOR OP Titt rxrasse. Eta,—The evidence of the Emperor Nicnorats on the competency of one portion at least of the Turkish slimy ought not to be looked upon with suspicion. It ought to be treated with all the respect due to an opi nion formed by the person most interested in the ques tion. It is well known that when General WR.tNGEL in the summer of 1832, on his journey to Turkey, parted from the Cz.ts at Odessa, the latter said to the General, " When you arrive at Constantinople examine the Turkish artillery closely : it is amongst dm bat in Europe. For that we have to thank you Prussians, their instructors. It will require strong teeth to crack that nut." This is a very remarkable testimony to the improvements that have been effected in one arm of the Turkish military service. How far the remaining arms are worthy of like commendation it is, amidst the colli. sion of conflicting witnesses, impossible to say. In the meantime, the testimony of the Crag is valuable, as showing the absurdity of judging of the Turkish army now by what it was in the years 1828 and 1829, when it suffered defeat from the Russians. Should it turn out that the improve ment in the discipline of the infantry and cavalry has been coincident with that of the artillery, it is quite clear that all the prophecies founded upon the ill success of the Turks at that time may be con sidered as worthless. A Captain JUNCK, a German office r,who has evidently made himself thoroughly ao quainted with the military resources of Turkey, has lately published at Marburg a detailed statement of the condition of the Ottoman army. Although he does not write with any attempt to create hopes in the minds of the enemies of Russia. it is impossible not to see from his statements that the reasons urged against the probability of the future success of the Turkish arms, founded oa past events, are utterly value.ess. The war in 1828 and 1829 took place only two years after the then Sultan of the Turks had destroyed the great national force of the empire—the Janissaries. The new soldiers to whom the defence of Turkey was entrusted were little better than boys dragged by a rigorous mode of levy from their homes, and forced to be initiated by foreigners into a system of discipline of which they did not understand the reasons. The national prejuiices were wounded by the constant refer ence to hated foreigners as the models of perfection. The army was disciplined under foreign inspection. The cut of the jackets of the troops was token from Russia ; the saddles were Tartar ; the sabres were English. Every country in Europe was pressed into the service of modelling the Turkish army, as if to show the Ottoman he was incapable of doing anything for himself. It was this new and unfledged force, consisting at the most of little more than eighty thou sand men, that Turkey had to oppose against the resources of a large European empire, the armies of which had been educated in the wonderful school of the wars with NarotEoN. Turkey, weakened with its contest with Greece, deprived of its ancient army, with troops hating the new dis cipline and violently severed from all old traditions, with all its historical ground cut from under its feet, had to oppose a vast army possessed of all the scientific appliances of modern war fare. The weak forces of Turkey were ren dered still more inefficient by other circumstances. The Russians attacked their enemies by land in two places, Asia and the lower portion of the Danube. Two attacks were made by sea. Constantinople and several fortresses had to be garrisoned. A large reserve had to be retained behind, in order to check any attempt at insurrection amongst the Greek po pulation. Nevertheless the Turks, in several instances , and in particular in the obstinate defence of the fortified places, behaved with the greatest gallantry. It is a well-known fact that DIEDITSCH was medi tating a retreat at the very moment when an unfor tunate panic at Constantinople gave the impulse to peace. Since that time, however, the efforts to create a new Turkish army have been great and unremitting. The artillery has been modelled upon the most modern system by Prussian officers. A reform im portant, but not Trite so effective as that of the artillery, took place at the tame time in the infantry sad cavalry, and the numerical amount of them arm, was greatly increased. Captain A/MK estimated the *ambers of the regular force in March bt the present year, and shows that both with respect to numbers and discipline the troops were adequate to the defence of the country. Re considers that these troops, enormously increased as they have been by the late extraordinary efforts, will be almost in• vincible when employed in the defence of fortresses should the Russians cross the Danube. And it is evident that the war must to a great extent, be one of fortresses. In addition to the aid which the regular troops will be able to afford in the defence of the country must be reckoned the powerful assist ance to be derived from the numerous irregu lar bands which are pouring in from all the Asiatic provinces. The late accounts which have been received show that this force will form an important item in the Turkish means of defence. The chain of the Balkan, the difficulty of finding means of transport and subsistence in a country where few roads exist, the climate aud the pesti lence, all acted as the allies of the Turks during the last war, and may bo expected to du the same work now. The knowledge of the actual state of the forces of the Turkish Empire is most valuable in form ing en estimate of the probability of war. Whoever may be ignorant on this subject, we may be sure that the CZAR is not. If he is thoroughly convinced that the Turks are capable of meeting him with any hope of success in the field, it may be taken as certain that, now the moral force of Europe is so decidedly placed in opposition to him, he will, if he can find an excuse far it, postpone to another oppor tunity any further aggressions. The peace of Europe depends therefore in a great measure upon the strength of Turkey, and statements such as the above may lead many to the conclusion that this strength will be sufficient for the purpose. Z. LATEST FROM ABROAD. AUSTRIA. VIENNA, Orr. 24. The Emperor has remitted to Count Michael Eaterhazy, senior, the remainder of the term of im prisonment to which he was sentenced for participa tion in the Hungarian insurrection. The waters of the Lower Danube are rising, and the voyage as far as Rustschuk will be resumed by the company's boats on the 26th inst. This Bourse exhibits a further decidedly unfavour able movement. The state funds fall steadily, and the exchange on London as steadily rises. Five per Cent. Metalliques, 901 ; Exchange on London, 11.10 ; Bank Shares, 1,276. THE OVERLAND MAIL. TILTS akru.) S, WEDNESDAY. THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 26, 1853. The Indian Mail hu arrived here. FRANCE. PARIS, TEZSDAY EVENING. The Patrie, while stating that news has been re ceived of the entry of the Beets into the Dardanelles on the morithig of the 14th, contradicts the state ment that Omer Pacha was making preparations to cross the Danube near Ibraila. The packet which left Constantinople on the 16th is hourly expected at Marseilles, and will probably bring important details. The Presse, in announcing the fact that the fleets have entered the Dardanelles, takes exception to the paragraph in the Pain representing the event as of no importance: The l'atrie endeavours as much as possible to weaken the import of this decisive fait acconspli. It would have it thought that the fleets merely went into the Dardanelles because they could no longer hold their anchorage at Besika. We cannot see the use of this interpretation, which is in no way whatever admissible. It is clear that if the fleets had simply wished to change their anchorage they might have gone elsewhere than into the sea of Marmots. Neither can we allow it to be said without contradiction that the difference will be confined to the two nations immediately at war. _ _ The Bourse opened with an improvement upon the considerable rise of Saturday, but this position was not long maintained. The news brought by the London papers of the withdrawal of the French ambassadot at Naples was thought very serious, and the pacific assurances of the London journals with regard to the Eastern question commanded less con fidence. The receipt of a Russian manifesto —or, to speak more correctly, a Russian note in answer to the requisition of France and England calling upon the Czar to evacuate the Principalities— was no longer doubted. It was currently reported that the document would appear in the evening papers— an anticipation which has not been realised. The English funds were posted at the open ing at 91, I, I, but later in the day, although no further official placard wee exhibited, it was under stood that quotations from London came lower. In the result, the Threes fell from 72.85, the highest price of the day, to 72.40, being a decline of 25e. from Saturday. In railways there was but a very slight variation. Some of the lines even rose, but the difference either way was not more than 21. or 3f. A report was circulated that the Emperor had been thrown from his horse at Compiegne, and I am assured that an influential broker sold largely upon the receipt of a letter from Compiegne this morning. A placard was, however, exhibited, stating that there wail no truth in the report of the accident. I have heard nothing to confirm the announcement made by the Sius, that the Emperor and Empress are about to pay a visit to London. The news is generally received with incredulity. The evening papers do not even notice the report. The Emperor arid Empress will leave Compiegne on Thursday, and, it is now said, will make • short stay in Paris before going to Fontainebleau. We read in the Moniteur : An imperial decree of the 14th ult. reduced from 50fr. to 3fr. a-head the entrance duty on foreign cattle. This measure, the consequences of which might be readily con ceived, is about to receive its complement in Paris by the establishment of a retail sale by auction of butchers' meat. This mode of sale will be inaugurated the day after to-morrow in one of the holies construed some years since, near the Marchi des Prouv a , for the wholesale auction. This latter sale has gone on constantly increasing. The quantity, which in 18.52 amounted to 4,485,929 kilogrammes, rose to 4,547,058 kilogrammes during the tint nine months of the present year. Although these two kinds of sale cannot be assimilated in an ab solute manner, there is every rearm to hope that the retail sale .. will produce excellent results. It is, moreover, an experiment which is dictated to the authorities by the ardent desire with which they are animated that the working claws shall be able to procure butchers' meat at the lowest possible price. The Chamber of Commerce of Havre has received from the Minister of Marine a letter, announcing that the government has resolved on a material mo dification of the tariff as regards guano. This article is to enter France in French bottoms free of duty, when imported direct from the place of pro duction, or from a free port. When it is imported from other ports the duty is to be Mr. per ton. If imported in foreign bottoms, the duty in all cases is to be 10fr. per ton. DENMARK. The third discussion of M. Oersted's motion re specting the Fundamental Law is expected to prove a critical occasion for the ministry. Ou the 18th inst. the Volksthing formed itself into a committee for the discussion. A proposition adjourning discussion until the presentation of a constitutional project for the entire monarchy was j rejected. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. -4- Our correspondent writes : CONSTANTINOPLE, Ocr. 10. The requisition of the Porte to General Gortcha koff, it is calculated, must have reached its destina tion the day before yesterday, so that the term stipu lated for the evacuation of the Principalities will expire about the 25:h. fhe only thing of importance which has occurred within these last few days is, that orders have been despatched for the entry of the combined fleets. The Solon arrived from 'Marseilles with positive instruc tions to that effect. France and England, it is to be hoped, will at lost redeem their repute. ion, and prove to their accusers, whatever may have been the blunders and misceeulations of diplomacy, that they are firmly determined to act vigorously in sup port of the cause of justice and international law. On Thursday last a deputation consisting of the Patriarch, elders, and notables of the Armenian na tion, proceeded in a body to the Porte, and had an in terview with the Minister for Foreign Affairs; Janik, the kiaha of the bankers, was principal spokesman,and tendered, in expressions of loyal'y and attachment, their humble services to the government : offering, moreover, to write to their relatives and adherents l in Asia, and enjoiu them to assist the operations of the army, and even enlist in its ranks, if required, for the support of the national cause. M. Argyro poulo, it so happened, was at the Porto on that day, and much edified, no doubt, by this incident, not ' withatauding all the efforts of the Russian propa gandists. I have heard trom an Armenian banker that a loan of 360,000 purses—about one million and a half sterling—is about to be contracted with the Ameri cans. I cannot vouch for this report without further confirmation. Within these last few days 17,000 volunteers have been enrolled at Constantinople alone. They are to be seen passing along the streets in groups, armed cap-a-pie with lances, yatagans, and all sorts of outlandish accoutrements, to the great disma)• of the inhabitants. The city, it is to be hoped, will be soon freed from this ft rocious band. GERMANY. - • - The Austrian Mundeur reprints an arti c le from the ministerial a e. cu,.. in praise of Mr. Gladstene's speech at Mancl.cster. The Emperor ut Austria passed through Salzburg on the 21st, on his way to Vienna. The States of the Zollverein have come to the resolution to prolong the period of the free importa tion of earn and all farinaceous products from the first of twat year, the term originally fixed, till the end of September, 1654. The government of Wur temberg has already notified it officially. ITALY. - -0. - ROMAN STATES. Our Roman correspondent, writing on the 20th . 0 lust describes the alarm produced in the government by the rumour of war, and the preparation of a monster procession through the whole city. In spite l of the Patric's denial, the gairison will be probably increased, and the localities of Civita Vecchia have been examined by French officers on purpose. The Pope was well, and had visited the Appian Way on foot. The first experiment of the telegraph to Naples was made in hie presence on the 13th. The government had opened shops for the sale of corn at a moderate price. Reciprocal navigation treaties between Rome, Belgium, awl the lonian Isles, were published on the lith. Devastating storms had occurred in the provinces. The Grand Duchess of Tuscany paid a visit to the Pepe on the lath. The recent disturbances at Turin, which were not made by the poor or caused by the dearth of pro visions, as was pretended, have given occasion to several demonstrations in favour of M. Cavour, whose popularity was arrived at in those disorders. On the 19th inst. all the parliamentary deputies in Turin waited on the minister to express their indignation at the cowardly conduct pursued by the emetaiers and their high esteem of his conduct and character. The National Guard, the municipal body, and several workmen's unions, have adopted the same course, and addresses and deputations have arrived at Turin from several parts of the kingdom. AUSTRALIA. --•- THE MELBOURNE LABOUR MARKET. FRIDAY, JULY 22, 1853.-The market continues overstocked, owing to the large arrivals lately, and all classes of servants may now be readily obtained. Female domestic servants are also more plentiful, and their wages are receding. The following are the current rates:-Married couples, without family, per annum, with rations, 701. to 801.; ditto, with family, 60/. ; married couples, for shepherds and hut-keepers, 501.; ditto, with young families, 451.; shepherds, with rations, per annum, 351. to 401.; hut-keepers, per annum, with rations, 301. to 32!. ; general farm servants, with rations, 20s. to 265. per week; men for lambing, 365. per week; ploughmen, 30s. to 335.; bullock drivers, with rations, 60e. to 80e. per week on the road, horse teams, 605.; labourers, 20s. to 255. per week, with rations; hay cutters and trussers, 21. per week, or 10s. per ton ; carpenters, daily, 12e. to 17e. per day, with rations; ditto, 20e. per day, no rations; bush carpenters, with rations, per annum, 801. to 104 ; stockkeepere, with rations, per annum, 40/. to 501.; cooks, male, 30s. per week to 21. 10s.; grooms, with rations, per annum, 401. to 601.; gardeners, with rations, per annum, 761. ; blacksmiths, 61. per week, without rations; ditto, country, with rations, 41. 10s. per week ; wheelwrights, 71. per week ; com positors, 1.. 6d. per thousand; ditto, 41.185. per week; c=n, 41. 18e. per week. Female servants: 11 servants, per annum, 301.; housemaids, ditto, 251.; laundresses, ditto, 301. to 351.; nurse maids, ditto, 201. to 251. ; cooks, ditto, 301. to 361. Seamen: To London, by the ran, 454; American coast, ditto, 401., or 81. per month; Best or West Indies, ditto, 401.; China, ditto, 40/. ; colonial ports, ditto, 61.; ditto, monthly, 81. to 101. Sixteen years ago the Poet-office at Melbourne was managed by a single person, who used to trans act its business in a back shop. In June, 1861, 14 persons were employed in the Pat-office ; and in June, 1853, 63 persons. In 1851, 230,000 letters and 207,000 newspapers passed through the Mel bourne Poet-office ; in 1852 the numbers were 890,000 letters and 639,000 newspapers. From the let of January to the Ist of June in 1853, that ie, in six months in the present year, 897,000 letters and 638,000 newspapers passed through the office. For the first six months in 1831 the postal revenue of the Melbourne office was about 3,2001., while for the first six months in the present year it has yielded above 10,0001. According to the Melbourne Argus the Mel bourne Post-office was enlarging in July last. The mail room was to be 151 feet long and 23 feet broad ; the letter delivery-room, 107 feet long end 20 feet broad ; and the newspaper delivery-room, 91 feet by 25 feet. The whole of the recent erections at the Post-office were of corrugated iron. The disgraceful imperfections at the Melbourne Post-office are attributed partly to the scandalous irregularity in the arrival of the mails from England. Letters from New Zealand state that a very im portant discovery of a new available harbour had been made by Captain Drury, of her Majesty's sur veying vessel Pandora. The vast advantages which must accrue from thin discovery are apparent, from the fact that it is the only good port on the west side of the northern island. Auckland, as is well known, is situated on a neck of land on the eastern harbour, and the distance to the western harbour (now discovered to be available for large vessels) is only four or five miles. The voyage round the northern peninsula will thus be avoided, and we are informed that on an average, no less than ten days' voyage will be saved in the communication with New Plymouth, Wanganui, Wellington, and Nelson; also with the Australian colonies, and, in fact, with all ports to the westward. COMPARATIVE SALUBRITY OF DIFFERENT COUN TRIES IN EI:TIMM—The following comparative view of the salubrity of the different countries in Europe is given in the sixth annual report of the Registrataenenl : England, 22 deaths annually to 1,000 living; France, 24; Prussia, 27 ; Austria, 30 ; and Russia, 36. AMERICA. ARRIVAL OF THE STEAIi•SHIP BALTIC. (BT ILECTRIC TELEGRAM ) (PROM Oil OWN CORRESPONDENT.) LIVERPOOL, WEDNESDAY. At 6 o'clock this morning, the United States Mail steam-ship Baltic, Capt. Comstock, entered the Mer sey with the usual mails from the United States and British North America. The Baltic sailed from New York on the 15th inst., and has brought, besides the mails, 135 passengers, and nearly 1,000,000 dole. in specie on freight. The United States Mail-steamer Humboldt, from Havre and Southampton, had arrived at New York on the 13th inst. The Royal Mail steam-ship Canada, from hence, arrived at Boston on the 13th. The Baltic passed the United States Mail steamer Atlantic, from hence, off New York, on the 16th. Business generally at New York was duller. Money matters were most stringent, and daily growing worse. The news taken out by the Canada had a most disastrous effect on the New York stock market, a regular panic bad taken place. Government State Stocks and Railroad Securities immediately gave way, the latter to the extent of 6 and 8 per cent. This untoward state of things had caused, prior to the departure of the steamer, the failure of several stock brokers, and the closing of some commission houses. The cotton market at New York was inactive, and prices were very feebly maintained; no actual de cline, however, can be reported. The market for bread-stuffs was active and prices very firm. The following are the quotatiocs : West ern Canal flour, 6 dole. 871 c. to 7 dole. per brl., steady ; Genneisee prime wheat, 1 dol. 60c. to 1 dol. 62c. per 601bs. ; Southern wheat, 1 dol. 30e. to 1 dol. 52c per GOlbs; Indian corn, round yellow, 86 to 88 cents. per bushel, steady. The provision market was in a healthy state, a fair business being done at fprmer prices. Shipowners were saki* increased prices for freight, the following being the quo'ations : Flour to Liverpool, 3s. 9d. to 4s. per brl.; grain, la. I Id. to Is. 2d. per bushel. Exchange on London ruled at 1091 to 110, with a very quiet market ; Paris, 3fr. 111 c. to 31r. 131 c. ; Hamburg, 361 to 361. Vbe Court. WINDSOR, OM 25. The Dinner party yesterday included the King of the Belgians, the Dimness of Brabant, the Duchess of Kent, the Dike of Brabant., the Count of Flanders, the Lady-in- Waiting to the Duchess of Brabant, the Lady in Waiting to the Duchess of Kent, the Baroness de Speth, the Bel. gian Minister, the Earl of Aberdeen, the Earl and Countess of Clarendon ' the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, the Count Gustave de Lannoy, Colonel de Moerkerke, the Baron Priam, Monsieur Ricken, and Mr. Gibbs. The Band of the First Life Guards attended and played in the Castle during dinner. Her Majesty's Private Band afterwards attended in the evening and performed the fol. lowing selection : Overture, "Die Ilebriden" Mendelssohn. Selection, lat Act, Figaro " Aria, " huryantho" Choeur et Marche du Bout Apia, L'Entent Frodirtue" Asher. The Duke and Duchess of Brabant, and the Count of Flanders, attended by the Count and Countess Gustave de Lannoy, and Baron Prisse, went to Landon this morning. The Earl of Aberdeen left for London this forenoon. The Austrian Minister and Countess Colloredo have been invited and are expected to day. The Belgian Minister remains at the Castle on a visit. The Duchess of Kent arrived in town on Monday, and visited the Duchess of Gloucester at her residence, Glouces ter Hons., Piccadilly. Her Itoyal Highness left town at three o'clock in the afternoon, for her residence, Frogmore. Chevalier Bunsen, the Prussian Minister, transacted busi ness yesterday at the Foreign Onlee. The Lord Chancellor has appointed 11 o'clock on Wed nesday next, at his lordship's residence, for the reception of the Lord Mayor and the other authorities of the City of London, en which occasion the Lou! Chancellor will signify her Majesty's approval of the L•xd Mayor Elect. The Lord Chancellor will also on the same day, at 12 o'clock, receive the Judges, Queen's Counsel, &c., it being the first day of Michaelmas Term. The Duke of Newcastle left town last night. Despatches were received from the Lord High Commis sioner of the lonian Islands yesterday, at the Colonial office. FROM THE LONDON GAZETTE—Tuesday, Od. 25. WINDSOR, Om 24. It is this day ordered by her kajesty in Council, that the parliament, which stands prorogued to Thursday, the 27th day of October instant, be further prorogued to Tuesday, the 29th day of November next. This day the Right Hon. John Parker was, by her Ma jesty's command, sworn of her Majesty's most Honourable Privy Council, and took his place at the board accordingly. At the Name Council • proclamation received the royal sanction, ordering the election of a representative peer for Scotland in the room of Alexander George Lord Saltoun, deceased; suck election to take place at Ilolyrood Palace, on Wednesday, the 16th day of November next, between the hours of twelve and two in the afternoon. Upon the representation of her Majesty's Commissioners for building new churches certain contiguous parts of the parishes of the Holy Trinity, Micklegate, St. Mary Bishop hill Senior, and Iscomb, in the city and county of York, were ordered by the Queen in council to be united, and to form one consolidated chapelry for ecclesiastical purposes, for the new church of St. Edward the Confessor, at Dring houses, the patronage to be vested in Matthew Alexander Eason Wilkinson, of Manchester, Esq., his heirs and assigns for ever. The Gaulle also contains Orders in Council regulating certain graveyards. The Orders will be found in another column. DOWNING-STREET, OCT. 22. The Queen has beets pleased to appoint Richard Tates Cummins, Esq., to be Assistant-Colonial Secretary to the Government of Mauritius ; Stair Douglas, Esq., to be Chief Clerk in the Colonial Secretary's Otike ; and Frederic Robert Miami, Esq., to be Guardian of Woods and Forests in that colony. WHITEHALL, Oct. 24. The Queen has been pleased to direct letters patent to he passed under the Great Seal, granting unto Admiral Sir William Hall Gage, Knight, the office or place of Rear- Admiral of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ire land, and of the Admiralty thereof, in the room of Admiral Sir George Cockburn, Bart., deceased. On. 24. The Queen has been pleased to make the following ap pointments under the provisions and for the purposes of The Charitable Trusts Act, 1853 ;" vis. :—Peter Erie, Esq., Barrister-at-Law, to be Chief Commissioner; James Hill, Esq.. Barrister-at-Law, to be Second Commissioner; The Reverend Richard Jones, M.A., to be Third COMMiI• &loner ; The Right Honourable Sir George Grey, But., G.C.8., to be Fourth Commissioner • Henry Morgan Vane, Esq., to be Secretary ; and Thomas ' Hare, Esq., Barrister at-Law, and Walker Skirrow, the Younger, Esq., to be In spectors. CROWN-OFFICE, OCT. 24. BOMBER IRITURNED TO 11liRTI IS TILE PBELINT Borough of Lisburn.—Jonathan Joseph Richardson, EN., of the Island, in the said borough of Lisburn, in the room of Roger Johnson Smyth, Esq., deceased. OFFICE OF ORDNANCE, Ocr. 24. ORDNANCE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT.—thrgeOn John At kins Davis, to be senior surgeon, vice Quigley, retired; Assistant-Surgeou Ross Reward to be surgeon, vim Davis; Temporary Assistant-Surgeon John Alexander hllluna to be assistant-surgeon, vice Renard. ADMIRALTY, Orr. 21. Dolma or ROYA.L MARINES.—Second Lieutenant Frede- rick William Arthur Boyd to be first lieutenant, vies T A. M. D'V. Pennington, to half pay. NEW DEPUTY-LIEUTENANTS. LANCASIIIIO,_ Sir Elkanah Armit4;:lini.•,iimuy Lomax Gaskell, Esq. MILITIA. The following commissions have been signed : First Lieutenant Charles Robert Crigan to be captain, vice Hay, resigned, in the Artillery Corps of the Royal Lancashire Militia. Frederick Dolly Gosling, gent., to be ensign in the King's Own Light Incantry Regiment of Militia. Lieutenant William Wemyss Methvcn Dewar to be cap• tain, vice Fine, resigned, in the Oxfordshire Regiment of Militia. Ensign John James Ireland to be lieutenant, vice Shunt, resigned, in ditto. iteynell Ilele Fowell S?rye, gent., to be ensign in the West Kent Regiment of Italians. John Summons Ramsay, gent., to be ensign in ditto. John Lea, gent., to be ensign in the Royal South Glon• costar Light Infantry Regiment of Militia. PRIZE MONEY. HAVANNAH.—Noticei;itereW_ given to tLe pan, o f officers and men belonging to her bilajesty's ship Ilarattsh Mut they may receive their respective shares of the s um awarded for their services to rendering roils:nee to th e French ship Celine, on Dec. 2, 1351, at No. 33, Ale:hurt!, lane, on and alter Thursday, the 27th inst., bet, tic the hours of 11 and 3 o'clocle.—Fourth class, 26'. 11. 1 j t.. sixth class, 131.55. 61a. ; eighth clam, 4! dr. 61(1.--2. p Eir Alvsnt,trr, Oct. 20. FREE IMPORTATION OF FOOD. Board of Trade, dleitehall, Oct. 24, I'es3. The Right lion. the Lords of the Committee Tr the Privy Council for Trade and I'lantations have recei ve d, throtneri the Secretary of State fur Foreign Affairs, a copy of a the. retch from her Mejeety's pro consular agent at Renee, enclosing tho following translation of a pontifical editt, granting free importation of corn into the Papal &le i until the end of February, 1&54.—8y order, JAHIe BOOTH. (Copy.) NOTIFICATION OF CAI:II:NAL ANTONELLL—To do away with the uncertainty arising from the moveable tenth redo. lating the importation and exportation of corn, in the pre. sent state of thiug", the Holiness of our Lord, baying heard the council of minister", Las ordered us to publish, a s we do in his sovereien name, the free importation of wheat, Indian corn, and flour, large wheat (" farm"), barley, eats, pulse (excepting lupins), potatoes, cheea u t s , and their flours, until the end of Februery, IS ii, whatever Ines- b: the medium price of the said articles resulting front ihe corn tables, as well for the sc. ion of the lelediterreneen as for that of the Adriatic, dereeating for this purpose (rem every law or regulation to the et ntrary. The Pro Minister of the Fsuaucee is charged with the ap. polite execution. Secretary of State's office, .sth Oetober, 1853. (Signed) J. Calm. ANTuNELLI. Board of Trade, Whitehall, October 24. 1533. The Right Honourable the Lords of the Committee of the Privy Council for Trade and Plantations have received, through the-Secretary of State for Furrign Affairs, from her Majesty's Charge d'Affaires at Florence, the subjoined translation of a Roman notification, admitting iota the Papal States, free of duty, until the end 01 February seer, the principal kinds of vegetables. By order, JAMES Booms'. Gioennk di Roma (No. 224), Thursday, October, 1553. (Translation.) NOTIFICATION.—James of the holy Roman church, Cardinal Antoudli, Deacon of St. Agatha, in Suburra, Secretary of State of Lis holluese, our lord, I'epe Pius I\. In order to remove the uneet tniuty arising from the 'tidies scale, by which the importation and exportation of commie regulated, his holiness, our lord, having heard the council of ministers, has, in the preseut state of things, ordered us to declare, as we do hereby declare, in his sovereig n came, that the importation of wheat, of Indian corn, and the flour thereof, of (farm, wain! re, tritiOuns apelta) spelt, of barley, of uats, et legumes (except topini), of potatoes, of chestnuts, and the flour thereof, shell be free until the end of February, 1854, whatever may be the average price of the said articles, according to the food returns, as well for the section of the Mediterranean as fur that of the Adriatic, every law and enactment to the contrary being for this purpose suspended. The Pro-Minister of Finance is charged with the execu tion hereof. From the Secretary rf State's office, October 5, 16.53, (Signed) J. CARD. ANTOSti.LI. Board of Trade, Whitehall, October 24, 1553: The Right Honourabie the Lorda of the Committee of the I'rivy Council fur Trade and Ptantations have received, through the Secretary of Stute for Foreign Altars, a eery of a despatch from her Majesty's Consul at Tripoli, report log that the prohibition on the exportation of gratin from that regency had been rescinded, and that free exportation was to be allowed after the 4th inatsnt.—By order, JAM 11k.UTil. Board of Trade, Whitehall, October 24, 1653. The Right Honourable the Lards of the Committee of the I'rivy Council fur Trade and Plantations have r::ccived, through the Secretary of State for Foreign Atiiirs, a copy of a despatch from her Majesty's Minister at Brunels, en closing copy of a royal ordinance prohibiting the exports. tion of potatoes and dry vegetables (that is to say): peas, lentils, Fr enc h beans (Pari,ots), vetches, and horse beans, from the 15th iustant.—By order, JAMES IJOOTIt. BANYILUI.III.. Tonsil Marrirawa, Little Walth..m: and Great Waltham, E-ser., grocer, to surrender Nov. I and Dec. 9, at 2, at Basingball-rtreet. Sole., Messrs. Linklater, Sife-lane; off. as.4.,Bell,Colemaa.street. buildings. Tuonas Pro, Manor-street, Chelsea, sawyer, Nov. 4 and Dec. 19, at 11, at Basingha.l-street. Sols., 51iller and Horn, king , street, City ; off. ass*, Canaan, Aldermanbury. JOILM MAMMON. Tolleshunt D'Avey, Efts:, surgeon, Nov. II at in, and Dec. 10 at 11 , , at Basinghsl!.street. Soli., Stevens an.D;atche faueenetreet,Cheapaide, and Banks and Son, Witham, Lases ; off. amis., Nicholson, Butingball.street. Cnaatin Seserte Motion, Schen), Cambridgeshire, ironmonger, Nov. 5 at 111. and Deo. 10 at I, at Basinghull-street. Sol., storey, Featherstone-buildings, and Tina and Ilcildhan, Norwich; assig., Pennell, Guildhall-chambcr& Boone BIAVS, Old Fish-street-hill, City, importer of foreign ghee, Nov. sat ii, and Dec. 10 at 121, at Etaaingball.street. Sol., Parker, Moorgate.etreet, City ; off. asaig., Nicholson, Baainghall-nrcet. Osoaus OittAite, New-street, Covent-garden, boot salesman, N,,v. at 2, and Ike. 10 at Ij, at Basingba Lstreet. Sol., Story, (mat James-street; err. Bittleston, Basinghall-street. 01:0110K Firinerrr, Birmingham, licensed victualler, Nov. 7 and 26, at 10, at Birmingham Court. SQL, Staadbridge, Birmingham; cif. sang., Malraux& Birmingham. BreilicB CkI:TIL Liverpool, slater, Nov. 14 and 28, at 11, at Liver. pool Court. Sot., Banner, Liverpool; off. swig., Canner& Liverpool. WILLIAM BROOK Manchester, stuff merchant, Nev. 9 sad 13, at 12, at Iltancheider Court. Sole., Sale and Co., Manchester; off. wig., Fraser, Manchester. Br-waste NUMNINOTON Dona, Iletton-le-hole, Durham, grocer, Nov. 7at 12, and Nov. 20 at I, at Newcastle-upon-Tyne Court. Se-a, Messrs. Moore, Sunderland; off. Annie., %YAW', Newcastle-upon. lyne. INSOLVENT PETITIONERS. J. Powe'l, Judd-place West, huoton-aquare, New-road, china dealer—R. Earl, Dover. place, West Kent-street, Southwark, baker — P. A. Scott, Magdolen-ratreet, St. John, Southwark, watemian—A. E. Carter, West Middlesex Water Company's Reservoir, Kensington, clerk to the said W Aer Company—C. B. Earl Hampden-Rice% Har row-road, Paddington, painter—G. Barrio, Greenwich, attorney.at. law—W. Medhurst, Pilgrim Hatch, South Weald, Essex, gardener— W. J. Jennings, Chimed-street, Finsbury, baker—Lucy Weotrocil, John-court, Fans-street-merr, Grosvenor-square, wider—W. Smith, Goodgertnet, Tottenham-court-road, butcher—A. S. Spathe, Latt:e Gwen-street, Westminster, patentee clothier—H. .1. !racquet, Stea -1 hope-street, Hampstead-road, watch manufacturer—C. Roberto, Sherbourne-cottsgeo, Sherbourn-street, Islington, gardener—P. Ro -1 Rees, Agnes-tertace, Nboreditch, journeyman chteeemonger—S. burn. ham, Sheri:tannic-street, Paddington, proration merchant—T. C. ' Sargon, Burton-crescent, New-road, general merchant—W. H. Smith, Blackfriars-road, Surrey, retired Commander in the Royal Navy—J. Wilson, Edgeware-road, Marylebone, truce-house keeper— P. L. A. %Blot de Guervllle, Abingdon-street, Westminster, teacher of the French Language—T..l. Joy, Vernan.temoe, pensioner Coast Guard Service—E. Gatheroole, New-street, Vauxhall street, Lambeth, omnibus driver—J. Arnold, West Ham-lane, Ewes, carpenter—J. Troup, Portma-place, Connaught-square, gent:cm-di— ' E. Solt, Royal Opera Arcade, Pall-mall, shirt maker—T. C. Parkins, St. James'o-place, Old Kent-road, New Cross, Surrey, eminent to a clothier—J. P. Flinn, Lislc-street, Leiceater-oquare, auctioneer's clerk—O. Brown, Ewell, near Epsom, Surrey, muster smith—T. W. Vokes, York-road, Lambeth, gentleman—H. Clark, Hillingdon, Mid. ' dimes, gentleman. DECLARATION Or DIVIDEND. --------. WIU.IIIIIIIODO2. Great Marlborough-street, Westminster, wholesale stationer-Ist dlr. of Is. 941., Oct. 27, and three subsequent Thera days, at Ittanefeld's, Basinghall-street. DIVIDENDS. Nov. 21. N. Hence, Worcester, brewer-Nov. 21. J. Nutter and W. MON% Cambridge, brewers-Nov. 21. D. Allan, Coleman-erect and Latlibury City, merchant-Nov. 21. W. Elision. Cambridge, brewer -Nov. ft. H. Ashton and S. Spriggs, Aldermanbury, City, ware housemen-Nov. 15. J. Chisholm and W. Chisholm, Dorking, Surrey, sad Ludgatehlll, City, wholesale perfumers-Nov. IS. J. Robinson, Nassau.plsos, Commercial-road Beet, mad Cannonearret-road, whole sale clothier-Noe. Ht. B. Feavrick, Stella, Durham, and Newcastle m-Tyne, iron founders-Nov. lb. H. Thompson, Manchester, and Nafferton, Yorkshire, corn merchant-Nov. 11. J. Law, RAZIWCII Wood. Lancashire, and E. Hudson, Gale, Lancashire, cotton spinners. CERTIFICATES to be granted, unless nose be shown to thecentrary the y cinnethig. Nov. 18. W. L. F. Tol cm lenseehe Lad Htuttingtower, Grosvenor square, horse dealer -Nov. la. C. J. ion. ILigh.row, Knightsbridge, iroarnonger-Nov. 17. J. White, Charlesstreet, Tottenham-court. road, draper-Nov. 17. W. Quinton, Leather-lane, butcher-Nor. 17. FL W. Dare, Lombard-strest, (Sty, shoe actor-Nor. It. J. Steger, Handenbrdortsact. and. wane and spirit merchant -Ncv. 15. 11. 11. Toogood , Can ßrno, Namnanthanire, 'rover. PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED. W. Hernisson and A. 8. lifillgeSlD, Bristol, fishmongers-Mall Soma" W. Wood, S. Scoweroft, J. Soowcroft, and T. Seoweroh, Lenesahlre, colliers-Mary Scowcroft, W. hoed, S. Scow , e ll =?. ecowcroft, !Lindley, Lancashire, eoal masters, so far as lineerweroft and J. Soaweroft-W. P. Brown and E. S. Shave, VelligMary surgeon-T. Ilarwood and 0. Swslnatoa, Sun ** beakers-J. Hams end J. Carrodus, Kelghley, York igras 80118111micam-I. Jones and G. Jones, Salford, Lancashire, brass foooders-N.W. Clarke and W. U. Clarke, Lower Shadwell, his. oak bakera-J. North and W. Wilcock, Katheaton, Yorkshire, car penters-T. Booth sad F. Milthcep, Manchester, letter prase printers -J. Fox, Bradford, Yorkshire, and J. Fox, Orley, grocers-F. Cooke , and P. !mean. Manchester, paper dealers-14. Martin and T. Martin, ' Beerferns, Devtoshire, nialtaters -A. A. Torte and W. B. Smith, Dir.' Ingham, arauranes ageots-T. Sharp and J. Sharp, Tewkesbury, Gloucestenthire, and Ledbury, Herefordshire, coach makers-J. 1101. man and W. Kelly, Dartmouth, Devonablre, shipbuilders-W. IV. Briscoe, Wolverhampton, Staftordshire, and G. Patterson, KiDpten, Jamaica, merchants-J. Hemingway and J. 'Tolson, Dewsbury, York. ehire, blanket manufacturers-0. Jarrltt and S. J. Woodhouse. or N Flood street, Hanover-square, hatter-O. Sawyer and C. W. Mann, ._ —... . .... ... Myddeltcm-square, bAm Glut Usildlt ei:llelliant, and 0. Cunning. t and Blaciumaaltrou, Southwark, and Straild; hat maautietarffs, so lar aa regards G. Cuaningbaut—R. Kenyon and T. Abbott, ftlbo-lelloorm. lanePshire, pamter.—T. and J. Rollin, Barnsley, Yorkshire, dyers—J. A. Edgar and O. P. Edgar wisinore4trest, Oieendiab-square, vlctuallcre—G. Nut and A. Riven, Peterhead. --•---- SCOTCH SEQUESTRATIONS. JANIT TuIULPLIIIID,GIsreprw, boot maker, Nov. 2, rt the Crow Rotel, Glasgow. Auukssosa Cameros, Edinburgh, print teller, Nov. 1, ut and Lyon's Salerooms, Edinburgh. A GRAND GAME OF CIIESS.—It is said that the English and French chess clubs, have made a novel match to be played shortly at the Hippodrome. A gigantic chess board will be marked out upon the turf. The castles will be carried on the backs of real elephants, and every other piece will be represented by an equestrian performer dressed in character. The kings and queens will be in gorgeous robes, the knights in full armour, sad the bishops will represent the " true church militaat." PICKING TILE POCKET OF A DETECTIVE.-1n- Spector Bates, of the detective force, brought up Patrick Colman, whom he charged with picking his pocket on Sunday evening, in the Loudon-road, Liverpool. Com plainant, who found the fellow's hand in his pocket, had been watching him for twenty minutes previously. He had been once before committed for two months, and was now committed for three. [This is almost as bad as the case that occurred in Glasgow last week, when Baillie Drummond had his great coat stolen out of the justice room is the police office, whilst presiding on the bench, in the face of a half doyen at least of the force, detectives actl ali.)-- Glasgow Constalaiol4 at.