The Express. — London, England, 1852-11-20 00:00:00

herres ult in leaving thingseas they were, or in t -tigth t cning the weight on o n e man's they to add whe load borne by another . If there be a surplus I oftrivenue fairly appropriable to reduction of taxes, let it be fairly appropriated among all who have con- I minded thus much over and above what turns out to have been needed. That is but common honesty. w e ,k no favour for any chug of consumers of tax b Jeannie's. It is notorious enough that the bulk of l o re venue is paid by the industrious bulk of the ie, A nice analysis of the proportions contributed Irf, rent classes would not help the idle and u n pro ductive sections of society. The less t h,: r say about that the better. The people, always ,0, , e and forgiving, ask fur no invidious inquiry athe wt, and arc willing to let bygones be by pm.„ whatever they may think of their wrong- Nauss. But if the landowners will insist upon going into a retrospective account, upon their own heads be the consequences. Only let them distinctly un derstand this, that in the meanwhile we are not p ai, .• to allow Mr. IltsuAm.l to tamper with the r anting proportions in which taxation, local general, is heed, on the assumption that be and Lord Mane have looked into the national ledger, and assert that the balances of country and town accounts are so much per nut. If there is to be a serious investigation into the rights of rival classes, in the nature of a mit in social equity, let us in the first instance bo ore that we have the true facts, the whole of the Awe, and none other than the actual facts before us. Firtun squc contrasts, curious coincidences, splendid pr, , Teetie, and hypothetical results, may beendurable in the pages of a romance; but if Mr. Dismal.' is anxious that the pains he has taken with his mate na:s of this kind should not be thrown away, let Ltlll keep the memoranda of his intruded financial statement safe: they will make capital chapters in his next novel. Mr. litsasEat will try, of course, to make people be e hive that his amendment is as much s Free Trade n,lutieti as that of Mr. VILLIERS. The difference between them is as wide as black and white. He lenowlt ages a mere fact, which he dare not deny, and 11/I.IT, the he will never run his head against it. I.i!erady translated, this is nothing more than to cla d r. that the right hon. gentleman is not a fool, —w ha: ever else he may be. But there is not in his smendinetit a single sy liable that would preclude hen from bringing in to-morrow claims on is ,d his landlord clients, to the extent of millions, "to mitigate their sufferings, " ar..7rihed to Free Trade. Ile and they have for .ts years been branding the name of Putt the infamy of having betrayed and half— ruined them by repealing the corn laws without compensating terms. To this doctrine they still adhere. This it was which the QUEEN'S Speech ferth.shadowed as about to be realised in financial measures. And this it is, therefore, which the Ist)lwn of Mr. VtaLtsas seeks to put an end to finally and fur ever. If PEEL'S policy in 1846 was i l ot, and beneficial," there is no riddle of re rtjustinent to be read, no conundrum of compensation to b,• sole, il. '1 his is too palpable to be denied, and, the reh.re, Mr. Dtsaatti proposes to leave out those mo nist words, in order that he may remain un committed and unbound. The juggle will not do. The quistion between the Free-trade Resolution and the Tory Amendment is not merely one of words— but of prim apl, , and though some shuffiers may sneak oil wits Mr. DISRAELI, every sound and honest Free Trader will vote with Mr. VILLIERS. Ministers in the Speech from the Throne were orninute•ly obscure upon subjects of great ' rational interest , they were more explicit upon a few other matters. They gave a tolerably significant hint that the Kensington kitchen gardens ere— mite:likes of expense—to be covered with buildings ; and they have let us know that the governing bodies of Oxford and Cambridge are to have their attention drawn to the two Reports upon the Constitution of the Universities. The Cambridge Recant has nut yet been made public, but the nature of most of the muditicatioos reomaniesded by the Communion has been known for some time. One of the propased alterations relates to the present application of the funds of the colleges, and as any change in this direction mast affect the incomes of the Fellows, it is not surprising that the proposal should have been, as it has, the subject of fierce discussion in the Cambridge prints. According to a sketch of the Report recently made public, the recommendation of the Commissioners on this point is to the following effect. It is suggested that after the fifth term of residence every undergraduate pupil should select some speciality for his study, and that the care of his education should henceforward be committed exclusively to the university, and not as at present to the particular colleges. As, how erre the actual professional staff of the university would, by this enormous addition to its present occupations, be evidently insufficient, it is proposed to appoint a large number of public teachers to be called lecturers. The fixed salaries of these lecturers are to be derived mainly from the college revenues— in other words, the fellows are to be made to cm tribute to the great reform of academical education. It is a great coueolation to us that this, which is the main feature of the reforming efforts of the report, is in strict accordance with the principles which we have for . years advocated as the only true guides to University Reform. The public may be assured of this, that the academical authorities are only too glad to see the activity of reformers wasted in running after false scents, such es "University expenses," " University discipline," &c., while the two monster evils which are attacked in this recommendation, are left unnoticed. The College system in genera l, and as one great festers of that, the Fellowship system in particular, are, in fact, the only points worthy of the notice of the University Reformers. Once correct these, and everything else must follow. By taking the edam• bon of the students out of the bends at the salvos after the fifth term, the iredis. W. E imer will be dose to the prestige arida holitudess have hitherto improperly exerted. waaffeby.6ll74l an impost upon them, the Fellowship m be weakened. The only fault of the Vitra Re- I t rt in other respects yerfect wan that I did not follow up with logical accuracy, the fi mires to be drawn from the facts brought forward relative to the true nature of a fellowship. The tenants of these were originally poor students, trim were endowed with the premeds of an estate, whisk at the period of endowment was supposad to be Jet rZwr i gis t es o suptrpo aaesher el ter rt r:e b e e ived Fissr thre audition otives of r to ni is the Usivempity, ant &m -.2r 10 4 oohs were earwi g sod he a dm satanail, is order that the purposes it the mammas might be fulfilled. For a hag time the eon& times of residence, devotion, sad study were amplisel with. Gradually the college eststes became Mee valuable, the shares of the poor students were in creased, they usurped the management of the uni versity, and took the whole of the tuition into their own hands. Here we see a fundamental alteration in the original constitution. The change, however, did not stop here. As the funds segmented, it was foiled that they would afford incomes sufficient to allow their poasewors to live elsewhere than in the walls of the college. The rule of residence was this relaxed, and a great majority of the fellows osier the altered state of things enjoyed their salerhe witliume residence, without elessiben, and without slr This barefaced violation of the etedifime upon Ind& the colleges were endowed is now poodles' by the 1 majority of the fellows at Comlidige and Oxta il . And yet the statutes which reroute these conditions are still nominally the laws of the colleges, the fellows are obliged to swear to ellearre them, and the authorities reply to all mopeds to ameliorate them, that they have no power! We are set "keg te domed a rigid and im mediate return to the Weeds= of the heonews of these old institutions. We do sot west le tiro Ox ford and Cambridge with Probst. sismostedes. What, however, must be 1111.1smisi der is thin that the property of the s wee der ca of edution, and for t e benefit et dm= li and the university; es the greeter d' it is now spent in furthering sone Of wiles thine, it is time to think of a thorough miens. It is monstmus that about three-herds of the fellows of the colleges should be living he away, upon the ow porate funds, without doing a single thing in return their incomes. It is often sa id that the 111401114111 of non-resident fellows are,—although diverted from the comae in which it was intended they should Sows—still of great benefit to their powwow, who are frequently young men straggling with die world and waiting for • position. This may be tree enough ; but the question still remains, what are they doing for their money ? It may be very convenient for a young barrister to be spending, without returning an equivalent, • sum which the piety of a past age devoted to a different purpose, but why is he, as a reward for three years' reading in a college, to receive an income so utterly dispro portionate to the efforts that he has made, and to which there is a parallel in no other profession P His brother the soldier may have stormed a battery. his brother the sailor may have boarded •vessel, and both may still be waiting for their recompense. While the author of some great work, or the inventor of some wonderful machine, may be lingering in poverty, the College Fellow may be in the enjoyment of • salary of from two to five hundred • year for life, that he has gained by the performance of some clever school exercises—nothing more. There is scarcely any anomaly in English society greater than this; and when we take into consideration the fact that there is no authority for such an applica tion of the funds in the statutes of the colleges— solemnly sworn to by the fellows themselves—it seems incredible that tt can be long tolerated. The Cambridge Commissioners have done themselves honour in thus going to the very root of the evil, and we trust that the sop which the heads of Oxford have thrown to the Earl of DERBY, by making him Chancellor, will not interfere to prevent the adoption of measures calculated to remedy such a disgraceful perversion of national property. How averse Oxford, at least, is to institute of itself any reform, may be conjectured from the fact that it in openly stated at that University, and gene rally believed as a thing that would occur in the , ordinary course of events, that Mr. BADEN POWELL, the most distinguished of the professors, bee been deprived of the use of a house which he has hitherto enjoyed, solely on account of his participation in the Report of the Commission. Can this be true? MAJOR BIRESTORD has been spited fee a few days. This adjournment of his senatorial execu tion was brought about last night through an informa lity in the petition on which Sir A. Cockburn was to ground his representations. The legal parent of the petition had, in the opinion of the Speaker, broken a clause in the Act of 11 and 12 Victoria, which defines what shall be deemed an election petition. The Speaker is known to have strong opinions on such subjects, and Sir A. Cockburn did not therefore press his case last night. But the subject will, of course, come on again upon the earliest opportunity, and Major Beresford is therefore only minted. THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 20, 1852. LINES BY A STATESMAN DN BRING OIDRIED TO ?NISSANS A YWNIISAL ORATION VPON THS DWATH OY VIRLD-ILARARAL Ttal DORI OW No patriotic feelings swell my beast Bat since the land one gars of awmarslng wears, An organised hypocrisy be my part, And as i e'en most wisp, 1 will steel Thins. FRANCE. PARIS, FRIDAY EIWITNO. There is more political excitement observable in Paris today than I have noticed for many months past. The anxiety of the government about the result of the election is betrayed by proclamations and Communiques alternately menacing and cajoling, which follow each other in quick succession. The publication by the lifoniteur of the red republican manifestos has given an extraordinary stimulus to the appetite far political mural literature, and nume rous si be seen reading the official notion whit Issas and hourly from the prem. The preen* of the lisime* published the following ener getic proshieitism wide& is now being placarded: Elision of the Dynamist of the Bei:ie.—Yoe are con voked as November 21, to nosecrste, by a solemn Tote, the re-establishment of the empire. For the lam two months all Freese Ms Ma eines the crown to the nephew of the =r, bet their memiliatations of public gratitude, these which nay Satter his pride, cannot, In his eyes, be • enhelitute for the expression of the people's will. It ie from the electoral urn that for the third Was the glorious name of Napoleon mast emerge. It is is unusual suffrage that the Prises Val IMO his lagitlwasy. Paris, so cruelly smitten in her duvet Worse, ads, the timer of tria d whisk we hare gess Weed, eau & with delight the amemeamen the any mew in repaMin, and the anionstlems which have eased the wisra of LOWS Napless MANS as of the eathesisees with witish4oa w theme inward with yeas Tease is seethe th e anise el lees, and der detest the sideshle home oilmen. If he the satin world the swgke he 181.1 Q a leek r_tas kr Pasts it is eider. wealth, neenerstity. et leis _! 8 aeir the sew MINI OM 11111 Wag Ira •er assemerce. Bee • win • lempeney power Ms al ready been able le do, being sneedasi by that love of esestry which legless g cod, aad_ Mem will which Mews bey le it. Min • mew an for the espied wham • mama en shall have mien the destiny of Frame he nor to this mental basil of the Prime that Provident, has so visibly Mons to sees the . Vote, then, ea seea Dumber 10, MI. se en Deember , 1861, and te Paris, he this sums* WM( onesel may it her yereiene end her se the satire comely the emmis e dry remembers the past amiwill take sere of future. " Vire Napoleon III." The Prefect of the Seine, Pert, Nee. 19. Swam A prosimmeenn of another kind has been mused by the Pretest of Peike Sane pawn beriap, with a enlgalia shiest, spied is all rime, end fi l ly at the Damm Mee ransom M alan to tileneb Me pantie poem ea haws no prise of ;, Mirk med ease senellim • pessioniem lee len a and the sissies will be gleam up to to be panned samedig le the ripen ef as laws. PM Prefect of Polisia, Ming %proven tie selessof emehash, thinks it to semi end brim to in inewhips elf all the mesisemes whin rain Inn ink nes wink /eel hiss news. The eons of the embeellbs Mee einevethe most seven cedes is be es the welsh, sad to ones ilmthwith all theme whir may resider themeshes gellty 17th ef of tho Gasser penned by Ardsh of the demo the Peimmy, 1•12. and Arline die of the meal seen he the ahem estidestion is mend the idlewing dense M Awe Ann to: The pniofMati es erry 17, or reprodonienef Mee news, sr of - mown siensses, idler car task mean es Mar pdenr am Mal bo wand win a Ise of 1,11211 r. .If the rib. MMus se sivreenities be made with evllelontyms,, or if it be of • amen to dieeurb the man pen the e alts/ b• at host am year's lagehismiin end Ile LAMM The 011ie Ind by the Mil be applied where Os or ripen aamssimtiwa is at UM *a result of evil meths, and of • mem le Menlo the public pease. On the enljest of fain news the Mesulleur says Per ma lime pest mansions, has beam employed in euessen. then mama are Mae. r ail s • bi n as a Mans,_bst la the drawn Me that they are epesed. Winn the lasi her es they h ave bees /mewed with atm pessevennee. Fabler efWiess will set allow Itself se be mimed nessiaVilll 111611 it is wry • warisive Me sliest I knew not What may le the rumours which have given rise to these There wee a report yesterday that the Pemidsat had met with a eerie= essident while taking en airing, but it met with se wilt at the Bourn s Irbere, so far as I can ken. the Warp fall in peddle seserities was attnionled Is disappointment at the illesory nature of the reinstina in the army. The mint etpellee Yee gins anise of his inten ds.' to mei lie powers osedlened upon him by the law al 3117 l,ls 42, of rniNag ban Paris sew pulled Mu. beriag no risibisresns of nbeistenoe. Tie Isinwing tempOts halt is thrown oat is the Miser to the wens of mortgaged property—ire ethor words, to the aejority of smell ended pro phew' in Freese : As essemeat betimes the Minister of the Wide asd the Omposy of the Merge Desk of Pans, =e o n s he anywa the shffiation of he peels y et Pramee, sod scam Be it the embentlem preinieed by the dean et the Primes Pennine tot someregig aseitilimmets of mart me audits, es the ismildem that se son_ advisee so ram yespielp • ma to fIIAARAMk.. anima essompt all W A S depannest 4, la pewsellem Ms impereenes of their asemsee debt TIM webennies is @MOM be- Ass to lin amain int the lime dean be mode at the Me ef_ • per sons .eerythlme oded--leeseeet, 7: af admninienes, merehisiag tend for paying capital n She yeam—lbet ls to may, that the debt will be fegmbleal by the elio maul pepsin let i per en. dosing May years. esermtese have aka I boom %hem to nese the lama to rowan at the tam we ' ante wee OM the 211,1leAlifr. shell have bees dispned of. State he This am agnomen bee just bees seat to the Omni of odimalism. Assam mini masilbsb has jest appeared. It smannase ken the reveintienary sonuntuie, and boas the name et Felix Pyal. arid Louie Avril. This deseseent, wkieli arrived by post troni Inman SO Wednesday, declares that— lainenedos woo • right os the 13th of .Iw, it wet a duty ea the 312101 day, it bee begone at ate* right owl a dal, eines Deeenber 3. Bunnies should be end for gee • waidiss. Is default of gess, psviSi steams, pailinialui; every tMsg 1190. A telagraphie despat from anneemes that Cristobal ch Bcrdin is Minister o Madrid f lb. Interior fa the place of Melchior Ordones. Memo, Minister of Cowmen* and Public Works, retina: his port folio I. confided provincially to Beltran do Isis. The Clusatif.. , —..usei says that &fent Pasha hes been recalled from exile to Constantinople, and will probaby be Finance !disinter. RUSSIA. Letters from HuHach state that important move manta of troops are going forward throughunt the entire kingdom of Poland. In Kalist& and its neighbourhood, which throughout the summer have been void of troops, an entire army corps is expected, and will be located along the entire western fron tier of Russian-Poland. From these arrangements, the writer states, the inference drawn on the spot is, that the Cur is preparing for eventualities in the west of Europe. GREECE. The King of Greece returned to his dominions on the 2nd inst. Hie Majesty's return was the occasion of a very brilliant exhibition. It was 10 o'clock at night when the Othon, with the King on board, en tered the port of the Pinatas, and all the vessels in port, foreign or Greek, burnt blue lights, rendering the scene as light as day, while the batteries ashore and the ships in harbourealuted the monarch. On tho 4th, the King received the felicitations of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. TURKEY. The French boat, with the Levant mail, left Con stantinople on the 6th, having been detained twenty four hours by the French ambassador, who was anxious to remit to his government the result of his conferences with the Sultan concerning Abd-el-Kader's internemerof at Brusea. In these interviews the Sultan proved himself nervously anxious to fix with great precision the terms on which he is to receive ' his uninvited guest before the arrival of the Emir. No important fact in connexion with the loan is reported. The Austrian legation had come no nearer to • good understanding with the Porte. The refusal of the presents appointed for the Emperor had much offended the Sultan, who was not at all inclined to acknowledge the preten sions of Austria to an exclusive protectorate over the Bosnian Christians. The old fanatical Turkish party elated with the victory which, unhappily for the kingdom it has lately gained over Iteschid Paoha and the reformers, now proposes to itself nothing less than the al-olition of the Tanzimat and the revocation of all the concessions made to Christians by Abdul Medjid and his father the Sultan Nlahmand. The Sultan's mother is at the head of this movement, and the prospects of its success are such as to fill with anxiety all who had hoped in the regeneration of Turkey. It is unnecessary to say that no better pretext than sock • measure could be desired by neighbouring powers anxious to inter vene in Turkish affairs. The differences between Turkey and Persia are terminated. It has been agreed that the representative of the Shah shall be treated as on the same footing with the ministers of other powers, and that the same rule shall be reci procally observed in Teheran. No more exhibitions of offensive symbols will take place. The Journal de Constantinople contains lengthened particulars of' ' the presentation of Count Baeciochi to the Sultan, a dinner given to the count by M. de Lavalette, at which Fund Effendi was present, and to the same by Fuad Effendi, when M. de Lavalette was present. Vbe Court. WINDSOR, Nov. 19. The Queen and Prince, accompanied by that royal &Om sad visitors staying at the Cull., attended by the Mass sad pitleaten in waiting, arrived from London at • tam mlemege post six o'clock last evening. nalmey, Prime Albert, and the royal family dined ▪ =Albert, meneapesied by Me Des de Brabant, the Oasts de llMairee. the Priam el lailagra, awl Priam Ileamma of Haltealehe, weal eat ehamelap - mamehts, Weald by the Earl el Venda. mod LisaL.Cebast the Haa t A. firiqoa. . . . CTala - t1 is Keinkerke wu la dineelesse en the &Wes illness. The Austrian Minister had a. interview with the Earl of Derby yesterday, at his sada reekleases to Downing. I Menet Onitlaia Pearly bed as interview wllb WrJohn Pekinese yesterday. at the Osienial•ellee. Owed' Castes had also ea interview with stn debt hes. Ineseel. • devatetisa, s ite: et neseedeb tbe Beard of Trade, les the Wendt Of Seeds Ibishis. Sear dodo* Weeps* , Greseseb, Lela, sad ether theta ebestee et lasesperadea, Caly ille r g eberebeles• .ay .et he prated to th liail ellerlb ilis Anodes, threw ittemoiip Osaptim ce as th av e r preend that sob &Men are *gems le did spirit of vase ester ** awl teal to shoe bee esespeddra, an latarview with the Might Men. J. W. Healey usi Lard Oddment , at the Beard of Treas. The devaluates ear diedof Mr. Sawa, M.P., Mr. Tenser, NLP, Mr. J. Malb.P., Mr. Hudson, Denim )11,P., Lord , ld.P., Mr. ifeynteur, M.P., Mr. taut, M.P., Mr. Smeller; M.P., Mr. When, M.P. Mr. Davideos, M.P., Mr. Cabe; M.P., Mr. Deabp, M.P., Mr. Dame Gibb, and Mr. Cemerd. The of Onatedury had as interview with Sat=itdpsie yestemby, at the Hease-ellies. Mr. Paster, LP, bed as iaterdew yesterday with dr led Derby Demabberwsee nesived at the Oolealai-olleo frost the Goesteesset the West India Islands Despessboweesesat yesterday to the " Cr ia K". 1•142.1.1 16 eseaese y. eof How A Qdoinet Coosa was held yesterday aftereoon at the Foreign-aloe, Downierstreet. The Council sat two hours. We are happy to state that the Marquis of Nor niasiby's 'thick having paned aC hie kids* peegresr lag rapidly towards complete ritesmy. (71011 TAIT NIORT'S Gamma). DOWNING-STRUT, NOVEMBIZ 17. —TheQom her beta greeteeely pleased to give ordm for the eggekeeteet Biz ble BAIA he Heraterd, - Knight, Chid Ariel he Am odeof Astiga s eettiLeateetret, to ea Oeilemealeee• bet a the Civil Divides it the Tidal Claw, or Oespeame of the Meet Hoseerebk Order of the Bath. NEW DEPUTY Urletk Llswellvs, IrsT i i aq 7lWit.;;:Calvest Iflri clerk, W il liam ~ sad JOIM Inithsk Carus, Esq., D.C.L. sad borristovat-law. THE MILITIA. (nom ion inoaT's Gonna) Tr. teneieing eoutimbeisas have beeetsigned Camels Melee Hwy While. late et she 14th Ragland of=be et le the_ loyal Chellake Witte. Vaawyk Bowie. lase esptais, 62e4 LW hammy, le be edbitatit, Vet preeteted, telbelleyel Istalnitic Mao eihmeelf 'atm Alois r jo s it idisab udelo nsita d t a s a k ti la the ever/ Ohelliair. to le:asteht, eke Beim deemed, la the too Owe legiteral et Mellheithire c ofmd:l=e die rimier, Neg., to be soglois, is the Use* Seed the younger, gest., to be lindessat, is di oliristopba Robert Pestbertes, Esq., to be ciptato, bt Robot loses Adams, lit, is be eaptsia, in ditto. Thomas George Blames, Esq., to be amain, iadltto. Thema William Chutes Riddell, Eq., to be septa", in the Royal Northumberland Regiment of Militia. Frederick Lama Woomera, pat., to be Bestesast, is ditto. Memo Charlie Grasser, asst, to be miss, is ditto. Maass Jame Pearls Kies, to be liestessat, Mee Patsy, eareeseded, is the Royal blessouth Militia. Tuz Dumas or ClLoomorna.—We are happy Maw that Ur Awl Ifigliaere's health is gristly improved MOM dim baths dap. Oa Triads, her Royal Blesser =lslsvelevre Se Lady Caroline Courtney sad Ludy &Un met • sad parlseday to Mrs. Birt sad Lady Lad Ok ia mi s pdses Barlturst arrived at Om Bed- Will es . en a visit to bee Repel High- INNNOUt alas, her depertum.—Brighien elk. NiM APPLICATION OP 11011.—A manufacturer in II Me invented a mode of applying a sigaGgo• mike le whisk ambles it to take freely the meek of • It is said to be muck lighter, aad e 4 mei be liakhe Is Wary thaw a mamas alate.—Jhuisty Aurn THE NATIONAL I'OOR.LAW Mew the Doug Nings.l on the resolutions of " the National Aesesiation " have called forth a reply from do Ii 1s lieeretwp, Mr. STAB. The letter is an one--and this is all we modesty about its tone for we see no oceiudixi for anger in a Weller in which it is scarcely possible fee personal =Lets be involved. Parnag over the wrath, we have to observe that our notice of the objeets of the "National Poor-law Association " was derived from their own resolutions, passed at the Osskropee at Manchester. Of these resolutions we mean account last week; and it appears by Mr. Mat's latter that we rightly app re h e nded th e ir eli t difference with the Association and its Secre tary is as to that object. In the first resolution, the Conference "pledges itself individually and collect ively to inaressed exertions in promoting the more general edsodea of the humane and economical system alumina"' labour pmposed by the Poor law Amlo•uAlkelld in procuring the abrogation of all legal aid Ow restrictions which at present in terfere with the has agency of Boards of Onardians in the purchase nod talus' of land, and the dis posal of the probes of We industrial operations carried on is miens =MS so as not to interfere with independent Wane This is maw mere nee bin than a to re. turn to Ids meet peter sad of the un reformed Pert-law , *ft we anticipate, will it term by Parliament if " the subject " be bale it. Paupularming is a labour rate under amidst name; it is out-door relief in its injustice to Mr independent labourer; it is rivalehip with the tiesooy sr an encroachment on the rate pa sr er both i it is payment of labour tri rates. It is everything that the Asaaiol Peer-law was made to correct, and in vanes a bolt of mischiefs which that law has esesserid. A pauper farm would presently be what the pope gravel-pit was of old—the place where the hosiers sent for a man when they wanted him, ad linen they sent him back in the middle of a say day. It would be the place where labour wadi be hired at harvest and other busy timer preshely the times when the pauper-farm itself, like odor bras, would need all procurable hands. It veal be the place to which labour would be re minded in the dull times of year, as the old work buss used to be; and when, of course, labour would be least wanted on the pauper-farm. The case is like that of the West India plan ten, who complain sadly of the effect on the whole of society of the pauper farm system the provision grounds which eke out the labourer's subsistence, and which absorb the labour precisely when it is most wanted, and set it free when no sufficient wages are to be had. If it be not so,—if the pauper labourers are not to be hired by the farmers when wanted, then the mischief would take the form we indicated last week: the onadoo of a class of society who, in virtue of their fribriority, physical or moral, are aided and privi. bpi in the face of the independent labourer, and way at his expense. There is no escape from this. If the able bodied who cannot get work may be tame by the farmers from off the workhouse 6srm whoa wanted, the workhouse farm cannot be mho to answer • and if not, then we hare =mg us the dea dly mischief of an established ciao of able-bodied papers who are to be main tained, like slaves, whatever may be the quality of their labour and the diminution of the fund by which labour is supported. There is no fear of this, how ever. The day is put for the restoration of a labour rate and all such abuses, even if a fresh demand for labour were not becoming more remarkable from day to day. The "Conference" took for granted that the labour Wets of our workhouses are " useless," while their blear on the land would be " ',inductive." They have been in rather too great a hurry about this. In one place that we happen to know of—a place devoured by pauperism, where the labour ing population had got into • bad state through • half-and half method of relief—the stone brooking, at Is. 6d. per yard, was tried as a test. It was anything but "useless." In three week', the pauper applicants were • vety small band— having sunk from 600 to 60 ; of the 60, only six beebe stones at is. 6d. per yard. The fund which had before been absorbed in the maintenance of this host of beggars was set free to employ them in labour, for which there was a natural demand. As for the other conclusion of the " the Conference " the productiveness of the pauper-farming they pro pose, both reason and experience authorise us to say that it is a delusion. Reason shows that if the agri cultural labour were wanted, it would not be found at the workhouse door. If it is heard knocking there, it is char that it is either not wanted on the land, or that it is not good enough to be worth placing there; in either of which swop there is but poor promise of the productiveness of peeper farm. And the experiment is old enough. Any one who has studied the history of our Poor laws—as an Association of Reformers is bound to have done—must remember abundance of cases where the outlay was reckoned by hundreds, and the returns by tens of pounds. _ _ Nobody has any objection to a society of benevo lent men trying any experiment they plain ke the relief of the poor, if they will take tbe risk upon themselves, and be careful not to meddle with other people's resources. What we object to, and what Parliament will object to, is their connecting their scheme,—in name and in inten tion—with the Poor-law. If the emaciation likes to buy or hire land, and invite the destitute to come to them, instead of going to the workhouse, let them do so. We know beforehand that the scheme will not answer, but let them try. What we object to is their h op to make the workhouse a place of board and lodging, at the . public expense,. for their proWe, w • experiment is proceeding. The workhouse is for the helpless—for not only the infirm and infantine, as Mr. STARE supposes, bat for the dis tressed and hungry—helpless for want of employment. To all these the workhouse secures a maintenance, at all events. It did so during those terrible years is Ivekead, when, Mr. Brett sin the inmates were idle wife., as eye witnesses could tell him, they were etreggling with fever and emaciation, and dying by luindriis ii a day. The Poor-law was the sal: ration of these who survived, and their " idleness" during that awful season was never before, as we believe, beeeght as a reproach against either them or their ton. As they have gained strength, Orgy have gone to work; not on pauper farms, nor with a view to self-supwt, but to afford industrial training for the children, and (as in England) to bens the outlay of the houses for clothing and ve getables.. . . _ We think now, as we thawed last week, that there b ebendaet seep for the besevolent activity of the geetlemes et the "Conformal' in diverting men been the weekhrem. Ifs peeper farm tombs made to answer at all, it can do sae wittiest being enameled with the workhouse. thou Peer-law Coeafmfa woad dy bear the rem anent of the whole if it were to enter the field of productive indb=nzieCs si leshoer at the expense of the teed he the recompense of a higher Mora mod thee absorbing the n eaten et the bentry as ns of the Let century did loader Farmer Omar.. Farmer Oeotwit knew as better thole to order that every labeere i r= s tailL a i =ea to the number et his to inspire where the antedeteeee bed was to came from. The bitter sceperbeee he bit es has taught le—Parliatesed and duty of leaving the demand and reward ri lli W i free. By keeping one peepers out of the labour market for twenty yews, we have reedied the happy point of the labour marled new begging r car paupers, aftalig the mped et ear soon having taw left bet the Won sod abeam whom it is the duty and *AMIN of misty to support and train. AU that oodetywill aek d the "National Poor law Association • is to change ib Name, end to aver its objects from the Poor Law altogether. Under another name they can dig, and spin, and weave, and set up their stall in the corn market, and their shop in town or village, just as well; and they will not have to incur refusal from Parliament, or the serious responsibility of meddling with the rates. We shall give them our good wishes in any benevolent enterprise, and shall thank them for any illus tration of economical and social . principle which may come out of it. Our objection is to their wanting to lay hands on the rata—to seize hold of the local taxes—to do it with. Louis BLANC workshops' will never do. If the "National Amociation" con , . tinge that proposal, we shall cry ' , Hands off!" till Parliament mettles the matter, which we have no doubt it will do in a trios , —if the subject should actually be brought before it. THE FRIENDS OF ITALY. The following is the petition of the Society of the Friends of Italy, adopted at a meeting of the mem bers a few days since: The humble petition of the members and friends of the Society of the Friends of Italy, assembled in public meet ing at the Mina Hall, Sten-strut, Bedford-square, Lon don, on Wednesday evening, Nov. 10, IM2—Sheweth, That on the 9th of February, 1819, the Pope having left his metropolis more than two months before, and all attempts piths provisional authorities to lead him back having failed, • republican government was adopted at Rome, and the temporal power of the Pope abolished, by a constituent amiably, issued from peacefully exemind uni versal suffrage, and duly elected by 343,000 votes, oat of • population of t wo millions and a half. That this republican government was decreed in that assembly, by 143 votes against elevea • and the temporal power of the Pope abolished by . 149 van against five. That, by these almost unanimous votse—by the joyful acceptance by the people of the Itoman states of that double declaration, in a time in which the new government had neither army nor treasury—by the utter (Awe of all excommunications, intrigues, and plots of the Popo and his priestly party—by the official confirmatory vote soutane mud, given by almost all tie town (*nulls or municipali ties, whilst foreign armies had already invaded the noun try and the republic seemed verging to its an—by the t enthusiastic defence of Ancons, Bologna, and gallant enthusiastlo defence of Aucocs l Bologna, and Rome, against the Austrian, French, and Neapolitan in vaders—it appears that the double proclamation of the re publican form of government and of the abolition of the Pope's temporal power, was In accordance with the univer sal wishes of the population : That moreover, this fact has been acknowledged and confirmed in • series of dispatches from British agents to her Majesty's government, which all tend to support the words used in • despatch of May 3, 1849, from Sir George Hamilton to Lord Palmerston "In Rome, an hatred of priestly government seems to bo deeply rooted in the minds of` the great mass of the people." That, during nearly five months of existence the repre sentatives of the Roman republic displayed, in the words of • dispatch of the bth of May (1819) from Mr. Freeborn to Lord Palmerston " both courage and moderation." That, notwithstanding these solemn facts, a league of the isir called catholic powers, France, Austria, Spain and Naples was hatched, under the auspices of the Pope at Gaeta, for the purpose of overthrowing the Roman re public and reinstating the papal temporal government; and that, under the unprovoked, ungrounded, and un suspected attack of those powers, mainly of France and Austria, the Roman republic was, after a long struggle and with a large amount of bloodshed and loss of - property, finally overthrown. That no protestation, no official sign of dialers., your peti tioners grieve to say, took place from the liberal government of Oflllt Britain against such a gross and insolent violation of all recognised international principles ; but that, on the contrary, from various declutches, and especially from one of Lord Nonnanby to Lord Palmerston, dated April 19, 1819, it appears that "the restoration of the Pope under an improved form of government" was likewise the ex pressed object of her Majesty's government. That although such an object and such a line of *Padua were, according to your petitioners, a deviation from the principles which ought to rule the external manifestations of a liberal and protestant nation, still, the view expressed in the despatches alluded to being len immoral than the one entertained then by Austria and the Pope himself, it ought, at lust, to have been and still to be adhered to and hunted upon. That it was and is so much the more rational and easy to do to, inasmuch as the declarations and solemn promises given by the French government were, during the war with Rome, framed in the alma spirit, and almost consti tuting • sort of bilateral compact between the British and French governments. That, as a proof of this, your petitimiers have only to quote from a series of official acts belonging to the two go- vernments—the despatch of April 19 Lord Normanby to Lord Palmerton, in which "the improved form of government" was defined to consist in "readiness to carry out those administerial reforms which bad been proposed 18 years since, and also to confirm those constitutional in stitutions which the present Pope had previously granted of his own free will." To the despatch, dated April 17, from Monsieur Drouyn de Limy' to Monsieur do la Cour, say ing, "Our intention is not to impure on the Roman people • system of administration which their free will would have rejected ;" to the despatch addressed on the 19th of April by M. Drouyn de Lhuys to Admiral Cecille, stating that the object of the intervention was" ta guarantee the in dependence of the Italian states, and to secure to the Roman people &liberal and regular system of administration:" to the proclamation dated Civita Vecchia, April 24th, and signed by Colonel Espiritu for General Oudinot, saying, " the government of the French Republic, animated by a liberal spirit, declares that the wishes of tho majority of the Roman people shall be respected." "It is more over re so lved not to impure on this population any form of government which is not desired by it." To a despatch, signed by Lord Palmerston, June 12th, where it is stated ' that the rusasillation which is their (the French govern mont's) Apostle effect between the Pope and the Roman peep* might le be headed ea the basis that the Pope AIWA mahWa eabetantielly the representative constitu tion which he granted to his States, and that there should be • roil and effectual separation between the tengeral sad nibbled power of the Pope as sove reign of the Zama States." To the answer to the dogma, I. which Monsieur de Tocqueville alleg se the line of conduct of ths severnmene, the eni seribeisse to which Lord Palms F n had had eamme. Abet thsk (thermic& invaders) fist cars would be to ems the imistitutional liberties of the Romans, as al ready should- the Pop . and to take care that his autnanty shoe not be re-established on that arbitrary footing which had formerly bees found inconsistent with the good government of the people." To the counter answer otthe 3rd of July, in which Lord Palmerston says, " Hee 'a government are glad to find that your ex eallearg has nosed that these imitations are the sans as the news asigtadly ink** by the French po mmel* While *sir impilidea sailed*? Civita Vecchia." To emetilar hopes* dal* July 3, from the Marquis of Nammeity to Lied Pfgesersees, is which it is again amerced, "That the resin geensiteat only desired seek a solution of the Banes )sashes as Ind bees eineeelled by her s gresessmat, asmiy, the rosisemisa ef the govern iesst4".the Peps with awmeMnlloamlgueeaaesm. To the letter touT=eatraardinery of imam Poi" Monsieur de Seehuing, ea t .13th of has, that the_ Ikea of Fifa* intervention was " the liberty of the bead of the shank the liberty of the Romeo rats sad the peace of the weld-sad to allay other parts of oath otlStaal sets end dlipstshes. The it was at all mate clearly stated on all sides that the ate= the Roman states would be a mason of a liar net this is proved-1. By a despair& signed Prince Isineormabag, sad dated April 20, whieh ear :—" The oh net of war latervendoe is soother this the re-establishaent of the legitimaste governasat sad if land order: whenever that elgestabsil have bees atria* sal it will be s°, ee i be f4 Ny li ti tode lboon em treaserd"Pala;u will "oloa — "In " the para. vibe , *Meg " That a prolosged eessestion et tin shyer et Remo by the Peep stony hre*n power would be, with mod be* Is Ile phonies and its *ln ism** be sesideL" IL By • de ' F2'2 1 1 1 :4 Primmer le Threat Peassaby, dated • idir lar Mr*. that a rsteradia er ths Pope to hie Mot milieu! authority by ths hues if assign arms, =Ms the ,i tetisa of an* a assamme la prat of wield bs baked apes as a teieparers ar 811=11asewilibersadier these and east 'Aral declara tions ea the demi& pale of the temisasy sad of the des tie. of the bee* eaempation, Arida end France have remelablebed the Swam unlimited authority of the Pope, ass• sad elle tonapying the Reiman States after • lapse of Wm 0 1hr: s = That no has bent seceded, as gaseenies pima, ast a == at litherty gamed se the &sea people, end that _pulsed, shamble gersameat still uheales is safety in the Arm Maass. That the poses is paged. Whiled Mat, violated, ad . selsineslisa mana T ib and oreaptisa suds a system, team OineliOnel tOrilifild end denied throughout the mint et the lose* tanks y. s e isms Thee in spite eta aumieed eirseng posted, sad seisms promises given bellt by the Peps sad by the Ikea& la ' voltam thet as = should net be rolled essupt an out of angrapits here bra Want out et k orse gli ts,, made erherliss throws !Modes, poverty, then seeds &sena at ea% thernesals raised le threesome, ' hunbeis that by the &lemma or the Peps ins its rola ' miesmsator by_ Ans sad Perish iiiiimay seencils. That &Wag tho math slime II perm have been shin la flimionlis. sod M le Amines I *et ether wholesale easeadeas an ism le lets plies ; sad that, se if killing alias meld mt ea** the eersegsral hell of the papa =ll%the et the TWIN have bra prolonged ore may or the seeteness pameassed IR lin - waft beim their ementisa. so so se same thee sad ihsir amain Ss Wager through the whole el that , pared la a suasion esinease, a leagikeed spay be twos. bap sal despair, betwesa )ilksad death. That year pallibiaers believe ma* a ease of things in our ' 19th arelloy. sad in a country geyser by the very man ' 'be edema Is help the war of Italia& isinemdeses in 111111, burrs the Croats were Christians, sad be add not abed Christie. bleed, to be ebeime, and a dark spot, ad 'sly on the keta sa lead of leeptiner Pope, I but of all saline calling themeless snaked, and Christian, who leek ea usained and indifferent at nab naasactioea. TIM Ile fluty et Meg sontelisbg towards putting an wl OD war ea abasund °sedition sf some millions of ear *Abu statues b greatly inarsessi by the fact that wadi a esolitieu be* maintained by a torei Austrian awl nes* isbesaation uslamtal and in its prier** /Abbas to all its premisss. indeinits as to tine. threshing is its &Mazy and politieal batwing to the rights and to the iatereeta of all nations. - - - - - Thai it is still increased by the feet that the people they torment and slaughter is that noble Roman people, to whom we are indebted for European art, lemmas, civilisation, and liberty. That the prolongwi occupation of Rom, and of au antra Italy by Autrio and Franco rooting on for %UM Oats, and tonnootad with thiir caapaarios bun If operations, amounts almost to a military conquest; end taat is the raw of sonnet heirs% the great European - peVeMI, k Willa MIMI to these two ar en= este one of the met isperrat itaregie prettier hi Europe. • That sash eardesstions are rensthened by the het of aa impending radial share in the term of the Freer 1.411" j: he In I dlpte d W. it tls a ' r p itk ro e u il l T ie the treaty of Many and setherarg to the collective will of the French tarn the water /will of a man who a short time coo declared that " the Mediterranean must be a Naar lake." That higher even than all tree considerations stand the eternal pnewiples derived MO the law of God, bidding ell I individuals and Wire Inter right, Justin, and troth, against Iles, tyranny, ma wrong. That It 4 degraibg and highly perilous fur England to abandon Europe to uncontrolled despotic influences; to re eounco all Interference for good, while allowing every other government to interfere for evil ; to keep aloof from the mighty contest now going on, in the name of her own creed, liberty of conscience between the Italian people and the papacy ; not to interpose her will, so as at least to have the principle of non-interference respected by all, and the Italian free to solve the question on a fair and equal ground between the claims or conscience, and papal opprewion left to its own internal forces. . . . . That a post, enlightened, religioue, and powerful nation cannot answer the peoples struggling around her by the words of Cain : "Am I my brother's keeper ?" without suicide—a suicide of soul, honour, and mssaion, far worse than physical death. That for all *see reasons your petitioners believe it to be a pressing duty of the English nation, and of her Majesty's governineut, to take whatever steps may, be deemed advis able to procure u speedy a withdrawal as possible of the Austrian and French troops from the Roman states. And sour petitioner, &c. TIIE TURKISH LOAN. A meeting of the parties interested in this loss was convened yesterday by the contractors, Messrs. 1) and Co., at the London Tavern. Mr. CAVIL was unani mously called to the chair. Mr. Cum.:a, of the firm of Devine, thereupon handed in • statement, which he requested Mr. Maynard to read. The following aro the most important passages In accordance with the wishes expressed by the parties interested as holders of scrip in the Turkish loan, Messrs. C. Deems: and Co. now propose to bring before them all the circumstances connected with the negotiation of this loan, both as regards their own personal conduct in the affair, and the conduct of the Turkish government in seek ing to repudiate it. It is probably known to most of the houses in London more immediately engaged in financial operations that for some time previously the Bank of Con stantinople had been endeavouring to negotiate • loan in this country and in France under the guarantee of the Ottoman government. It may be observed that it is well understood that the Bank of Constantinople and the Otto man government are in point of actual interest all but identical. The transactions and engagements of the bank being guaranteed by the Ottoman government, for whose benefit, or at least for whose convenience, they are supposed to be entered into. Several attempts had been made by the agents of the bank for the negotiation of a loan, but the terms proposed not being satisfactory, thaw attempts had proved unsuccessful. About the month of July last, application was made to Messrs. C. Doran: and Co., to assist in raising the loan required, and upon the introduc tion of Mr. Edward Blount, the banker of Paris, and Mr. Ernest Simons, also of Paris, the eminent government con tractor for the mail service, they agreed to take part in the transaction in conjunction with other capitalists in Parks. Messrs Devaux and Co., however. required that whatever arrangement was come to should receive the direct sanction of the Ambassador in Paris of the Ottoman government (the Prince feeling that any arrangement to which he was a party must necessarily be binding upon the government he represented. "ln the mouth of August the terms of the proposed loan were definitely arranged, those terms being precisely what were afterwards nut forward by Misses. Devauz and Co., on the occasion of their receiving skbscriptiona. The total loan to be raised was 50 millions of francs, or 2,000,0001. sterling, of which Messrs. D uuuuu and Co. en gaged to obtain subscriptions in England fur 800,0001., but by a subsequent arrangement 80 0001. of this sum wan withdrawn from them, and by the desire of the parties was transferred to a banking establishment in Lyons. The only advantage Means. Devine and Co. were to derive from the transaction was a commission of 2 per cent. upon the amount to be negotiated by them, and bas the part i es who introduced the transaction to them were to participate In this commission, they in fact were only secured • COOlillia• sion under 1 per cent. Messrs. D and Co. did not open subscriptions for their portion of the loan in England until the terms agreed to by the agent of the Bank had been confirmed by the Ottoman minister and his distinct engagement given that those terms would be guiranteed by his government. " Having thus the authority of the agent of the Dank of Constantinople, and the confirmation of it by the Ottoman ambassador, Messrs. Derails and Co. felt themselves fully at liberty to introduce the proportion of the loan assigned to them for negotiation upon die terms which had received the sanction act those parties, and accordingly under date the Ist September last, they invited subscriptions to this portion of the loan, stating that it WI/ for the bank of Constantinople, under the guarantee of the Ottoman government, by Finnan, of the 10th JIM; 18.52. " Out of the 720,0001. placed at the disporal of Morn. Devaux and Co., they subscribed themselves for 60,0001., and the remainder was taken by the English public at par. "On the 10th of September, Meters. Devaux and Co. paid up in Paris 26 per cent. upon the whole 720,0001., and thereupon received an acknowledgment for that payment both from the agent of the Bank id Constantinople and from the Ottoman Ambassador, and in exchange for this payment they received the bonds of the Bank of Constanti nople for the whole of the English subscription, signed by the agent of the bank and by the ambassador. " Believing that they have now fully justified their own conduct in the transaction they proceed to what (so far sis the bondholders are concerned) may be considered the more important part of the subject, the conduct of the Turkish government in seeking to repudiate this loan. " Until advice' were received of such an intention on the part of the Ottoman govern.nent, no specific inquiries had been made either from the agent of the bank or the ambas sador u to the exact instructions under which they were acting, their position being considered a *milkiest guarantor that they would do nothing which was net within their authority. Particular inquiries have now been add/eased to both on this subject. As regards Prince Celli , maki, he does not feel called upon to say more than that be has acted according to his instructions. Mr. Couturier, tho agent of the bank, however, does not feel himself under any conventional restrictions, and he has furnished the fullest information for the purpose of showing that all he has done was not only within the scope of hit authority, but was fully recognised when communicated to the Otto man government. M. Couturier states that the Bata of Constantinople was established by the Ottoman government with a view to the regulation of the exchanges between that country and Europe, and that the transactions of the bank were all guaranteed by the government. That it was found neromary to keep up a large circulation of bills on Europe, which were negotiated by the bank for the paw paws of the government, and that it was for the *epees purpose of providing funds to meet this circulation that the loan is question was authorised, and that he was despatched to Puts for the accomplishment of this object. That certain instructions were given to him as to the terms upon which the loan was to be negotiated, but that he was instructed to make better torus if he could. That by these inn's,- time be was authorised specially to hypothecate the re venues of Egypt, in addition to the general guarantee of the government, and that it was contemplated that the leas could ha obtained for only 40 millions of francs ow 1,600,0001., and that it would be repayable in 10 years. Mr. Couturier considers, therefore, that in having secured a loan of 60 millions instead of 40 millions, and in having spread It over a period of 23 vEread of 10, and in haw alsourti withheld the special 'cation of the revenues of be ban made for constituents much better twos were warranted by Ms istnictions. "Bat eseceover, he states thee the Ottoman government were iii i i of the teem if the loan air early se the filth of . That in esereviceee of being so ad vised of lean, they did set remit (as they otherwise must haw done) either cash or bills to meet the engage meats of the batik then falling due, and that in print of feet the funds raised by the first payment on account of the law were ii in meeting than engagements except as to about fil.. which went direct to the treasury of the Onions movement. Bo far were the Ottoman govern- Mee him igieseding the terms upon which the loan had bees eaMin that r. Couturier received letters express ing the meet whin satisfaction with the arrangement hs had mmeladed, sad directing the appropriation of the money he wee about to receive. " It will ins be seen that the Ottoman government were duly swindler the terms of the loan • that they not only expressed their approbation, but reaped the fruits of it, by availing themselves of the funds thus acquired, to meet engagements for which they were responsible, besides trans erring a portion of those - tondo into their own coffins; and t was net till a full month afterwards, when a change of ministry took place, that doubts were expressed, the am banadert superseded, and a notification given that the lees would sot be recognised. " Mesas. Devito: and Co. may here observe that imam diately on receipt of intelligence of the intentions of the Ottoman government, they (being then in Pane) forwarded a full communication of all the circumstanoes to her Ma jesty's chargé d'affairs at Constantinople, and they also placed the same before Lord Cowley, at Paris, and through him a similar communication was made to Lord Malin's bury. They ought also to state that the subject is most warmly and esergetically taken u_p by the Preach govern ment, and that the Marquis de Leyden', the representa tive of the French government at Constantinople, has already us ed hie good offices for the sinsrtion of the rights of theb=dholders. " Mean. Demur and Co. can only in eenelusion, while expressing their siacere regret at the untoward turn w bids this transaction has taken, aware the bondholder of their hearty co-operation in any steps that may be damned proper for securing Juno* from the Ottoman government, and they beg to suggest the expediency of appointing souse gentlemen interested in the loan to concert the neeesscry measures for that purpose." The above document wee , _ wee loudly applauded is several Mr. OCIDILLA then moved a the Ottoman government we. boon, loan, and az mrtonlabinent bad bssa tads to npadiate exceedingly well reosi nal places. S; :1 . red g ambition. °./ •ah u bound by then w „a ishment at the GO mole= a cos • •••-✓ p - ,' -3 *:`•• -S.-