The Express. — London, England, 1853-09-10 00:00:00

zne erptselifi. TO CORRESPONDENTS. • &wad !Mann of . •Tbe Express," ecatanciad the ease 'endues Gasehe," is published every Tuesday bad Vdday dight, lo tins tor mak Metr thesesla formled for "The Repress,. Londm Evening parr, 01101 be el the 4)5,, to, Beemerwarcet, by Two o'clock on the day si publistion. HIM WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. ?"" 1141-11011•1. •h. At. ereeon, Ab. 53T. To-agoaftW—Atli. 22e .A1tern.....0. 71u 571 a. LONDOS, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 10. Ilnn.►cE testified to the universal tendency of the human mind to entertain ideas of appropriation or aanexutiou when he spoke of the effect which a plea sant portion of a neighbour's territory produces upon the spectator. "04 ai anrilms ills"—" if I could but get that slice of h►nd," is the natural exclama tion in such a position. The Americans have exag gerated a natural feeling into a national charm teristie. They are ever on the watch for opportunities to extend the already tremen dous surface of territory which naturally belongs to them. Louisiana in 1803, Florida in I blto, Texas in 1815, and California in 18-18, bear witless to this peculiarity of the American mind. The adversaries of America do not hesitate to say that the great Republic would not be very likely to refuse acquisitions of territory made in a more or less regular manner than the above, and they are not slow in asserting that had the supporters of " The Lone Star" managed to get possession of Cuba, the Government of the United States would not have been presented from retaining the prize because the tido was acquired by piracy. This may or may not be the case. In the meantime it may be remarked that the language of American statesmen on subjects of this kind is not so explicit as to make it quite cer tain that there is no ground for the accusation. A passage in Mr. EVERETT'S letter to Lord MALMES IVRY, on the Cuban question,—published yesterday in our columns,—would seem to hint that the Government itself feels a degree of incapacity to repress, even if it wishes, the expressions in favour of annexation which are continually being put forth. In answer to communications from the English and French Governments on the subject of a convention, by which the two Governments for themselves renounce severally and collectively all attempts at obtaining dominion in Cuba, and giving, as a reason for entering into the proposed compact, the attacks lately made upon the island by lawless adventurers from the United States, Mr. EVERETT makes the startling admission that " the PRESI DENT is convinced that the conclusion of such a treaty, instead of putting a stop to these lawless proceedings, would give a new and powerful impulse to them." It is scarcely possible to avoid coming with Lord Jon: RUSSELL to the conclusion that this is a ntelanchuly "avowal for the Chief of a great State." History his not yet had time to pronounce upon the wisdom of the constant tendency manifested by the Americans to extend their dominions. All analogy, however, would tend to show that such an extension can add little to the greatness of the nation, while it may, and perhaps must, introduce seeds of future trouble and discomfort. When we see a political landlord, reckless of expense, adding manor to manor —buying land with borrowed capital—for the sole purpose of increasing the superficial area of his estate, we generally prophesy an unpleasant termi nation to the experiment. What he gains in length and breadth, he loses in solidity. He has more on his bead and his hands than they can satisfactorily manage. Tho rents do not compensate for the outlay, and the man begins to travel along the road to ruin. A Government acts as foolishly as a landlord in preferring extension to strength in grasping at more than it can manage, rather than gathering up all its energies, and directing them upon a space not too large. It will be said that the United States are very flourishing, but it must be remembered that a great number of these States are rather in process of formation, than actually formed, and that their several interests have not yet crystallised in such definite forms as to offer much impediment to their united action. The growth of large separate interests in the various States, spread over the vast surface of America, will introduce a complexity of calculations that may well puzzle statesmen, and induce the successors of those who now wield the des tinies of America to wish that their predecessors had not left them so heavy a teak. Tho wisest of the Roman Emperors set their faces against the exten sion of territory, and wished to appoint limits beyond which new conquests should not be made. History proves sufilciently the sagacity of these precautions. But if this were necessary in the Roman Empire, it will be still more so in that of the United States. The Roman Government extended over a vast conglomeration of nations, from which all nationality had been trodden out. There was little or no strong national feeling, no cul tivation, no activity of thought to mar the process of kneading the whole into a com pact body. The whole was bound toge ther by a rigid system of discipline extending from the highest to the lowest functionaries. The instant, however, that the relaxation of this disci pline, and the admixture of the northern races, had produced something like nationality in the various countries under the Roman yoke, the unwieldy empire broke into fragments. It is difficult to say whether America will present anything analogous to this in its development, bat there is great ground for supposing that the enormous additions to the territory of the United States may in process of time produce some, at least, of the effects which have accompanied such a system in all coun tries or which history has triken cognisance. Who are the prime movers in the offence of mak ing Cuba a bone of contention between the three great powers of the world? Clearly the slave holders. It is that party which appealing skilfully to the false ideas of glory so strangely current amongst the most practical people on the globe, would risk a war rather than lose the chance of introducing new pro•slavcry-members into the Senate. But, whatever may be the ultimate result of this question about Cubs, it ought never to be the subject of contention between England and America. Far better that America should make arrangements with Spain for annexing Cubs at once than that it should be suffered to be the cause of any heart-burning between the two great nations of the Anglo-Saxon race—the two nations to which seems entrusted the duty of pre- 1 nerving the liberties of the world. In the mean while the island can never be in worse hands than it is at present. Spain, degraded to the lowest point; ' unable to govern her own territory; shamefully evading the payment of her creditors; break ing the treaties by which she is bound to suppress the slave teed° ; a prey to a bigotry not surpassed in the middle ages; groaning under the oppression of a Government the members of which are unable to observe the common decencies of life,—this wretched and con temptible Spain is not fit to be entrusted with the destinies of any population living beyond her own boundaries. Far better that she should maks was step in the path of national honesty and sell the island to America if the latter will purchase it, and with the proceeds pay her cre ditors a dividend on the debts she owes. Such a symptom would at least be a healthy one, and we might hope that the step in the direction of common honesty, would be prophetic of others taken in the paths of decency and dignity, and that Spain might then hope once more to take a respectable position amidst the nations of civilised Europe. Ar the meeting of the North Lancashire Agricul tural Society, the other day, Mr. W. PATTEN dilated on the benefits of agricultural machinery, and on the advances in husbandry as indicated by the increasing use of improved implements. Mr. HETWOOD took a more useful, but, as he truly said, " a delicate" line of remark. It must be premised that the Duke of HAMILTON, being the owner of a large estate in the North ern Division of Lancashire, has recently availed himself of the existing demand for land to take a hint from the freehold land societies, and to sell his property, not as a vast territory, but in smaller divisions. The result has been eminently successful to the late owner, and this large tract of land has now come into the hands of several owners. To this Mr. Ilev wow:. referred, saying, " that the principal event in the northern division was the division of the Duke of HAMILTON'S property. It showed how desirable it was, that when a great landed proprietor thought proper to dispose of his property and divide it, he should have facilities for so doing. There was more difficulty in dividing up agricultural property than he thought was called for. He had been in America, and ho found that there they could divide and possess land very easily. He knew he was treading on delicate ground, but he did think that greater facilities might safely be afforded for the division of landed property. The Duke of / Lem IL TON'S estates were bought by Mr. STARK'S, Mr. ORMEROD, and others, and the land would be better cultivated." How much more is indicated than ex_ pressed in these remarks! Nothing is more certain than that the division of the great territories owned by our larger proprietors would add enor mously to the productiveness of the soil. They are in the position of men trading beyond their capital, they have more on their hands than they can manage: for the outlays necessary to improve their estates far exceed their available means, without such a degree of self-denial, in order to improve out of income, as is practically impossible. While land is kept in such unmanageable marees, it will be in a comparatively unproductive state. Until the owner can do his part, and make all requisite permanent improvements, no great advance can be made in husbandry. Now there is nothing in which the division of em ployment adds more to the productive power of in dustry, and to the welfare of all concerned, than in the cultivation of land. That is exemplified by the superior productiveness of the soil of this country, where alone that division is systematically carried out. We have the owner of land, who derives from it an income in the form of rent, without personal interference in its management ; the tenant farmer, who provides the working capital, and supplies the skill requisite for cultivation ; and the farming workman, who sells his labour to the capitalist cul tivator. By no other arrangement could land be made to yield so large a surplus beyond the cost of its cultivation. But, though the theory of our system is excellent, there are many shortcomings in its execution. Oar labourers are for the most part only labourers, and as such they commonly obtain better reward for their toil than they could get either as cattier tenants or peasant proprietors. What was most required to improve the condition of the agricultural labourers was such an increased demand for their services as would occur if, in the relations of landlord and tenant, a more clear and defined line was drawn be tween the interest of the landowner and that of the tenant farmer. The landowner ought not to consider himself as merely a person born to consume the fruits to be drawn from the earth by the industry of others. He should regard his land as a great in strument of production capable of immense improve ment by judicious investments of fixed capital. Ho ought to consider the management of his estate to be what it really is—a business requiring forethought, energy, caution, and forbearance. He must calculate his outlays with reference to their effect upon the produc tiveness of the soil, and he must endeavour to render his farms attractive to the farming capitalist. It is his business, too, having regard to the peculiarities of his district and the character of the class of tenant farmers who occupy his farms, to adopt such plans of letting as will enable them to cultivate their land in the best manner. The landlord must do his part, and then leave the tenant full liberty to perform his. Let the owner erect adequate and substantial build ings, make roads, drain the land, and so forth; let him then grant leases of so long duration and on such rational terms as will enable his tenants, with ordinary skill and activity, to farm with certainty and security. And he should retain no more control over the land than is necessary to enforce the tenant's engagements. To preserve game, to grow timber and the like, on land let to tenants, is to violate the sound economical division between the interest of the landlord and that of the occupying tenant. It is from neglect of such truths that we see so much unimproved land and so much bad farming throughout the country. Nothing is more calculated to produce an extensive system of improvement in any district than the breaking up a great estate by sale to several persons having the means of improving, as in the Duke of HAMILTON'S Lancashire estates, re ferred to by Mr. HETWOOD. That landowners are to some extent awakening to a sense of this neglect, we believe, but it will require more knowledge of their own affairs, and more determination to act on such knowledge, than they generally manifest, to put their estates into proper order. Amongst the landowners of note in this country, few have exhibited more business talent in the management of landed property than Sir JAMES GRAILtU, and we may usefully refer to him as an example for others. He told the farmers, at the Cumberland Agricultural Meeting of last year, " That when ho began the manage ment of his property, he let improving leases for nineteen years. He had now twice renewed those leases. Ile renewed them for fourteen years in 1842, and he was again renewing them for a fresh period of fourteen years; and in a very large portion of his property he had renewed for fourteen years to come ;" and, notwithstanding all the difficulties which his tenants and he had had to encounter, "he had not changed any considerable portion of his tenantry during those three successive renewals.'' These facts show the importance of leases to the interests of both landlord and tenants, and especially the renewal of leases for fourteen years granted in 1442—several years before their expiration--speaks well for the providence and confidence of the tenants. And to understand what are the difficulties re ferrel toby Sir JAMES GRAIIIM, the original state of the property when he succeeded to it in 1819 should be known. In the first place, it was much encumbered; and in 1823 there were 309 tenants firming on the Netherby estate, at a low rental and with a considerable amount in arrear, a great pro- portion of which it was found expedient to forgive. All the property was in most ruinous condition ; the farm buildings were very bad, chiefly formed of mud walls and thatched; the land had been exhausted by repeated corn crop; slam portion of the estate THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 10, 1853. was unenclosed, much of it consisting of mom and cold pasture land wholly unreciaimed, and three fourths of the whole property was saturated pith water for want of drainage. The public and occu pation roads were alike wretched. The extent of the farms varied from 40 to 100 acres. With inch land the tenants were naturally without capital—in fact, scarcely better off than labourers. The first step to improvement was the consoFda tion of farms into suitable holdings of from 190 to 500 acres each ; good substantial buildings were erected, the land was enclosed and divided by quick fences, roads were made, and nineteen years' lasses were granted. Draining has been vigorously prose cuted. The inferior lands were drained without (charging the tenants any interest on the Pit- I lay; in other cases 4s. per acre was charted to the tenants as alditional rent. Every year I six hundred acres of land have been (trailed and 1,000/. per annum has been expended in implor ing the buildings without any charge of interest to the tenants, and further outlays have been made by arrangement between landlord and tenants. The results of these steadily continued improvements are such u might be expected. Good cultivation and turnip growing have rendered the produce in pain and stock yearly increasing, the buildings have been all renovated and provided with tanks, thrashing machines, and all other modern improvements and conveniences. Such, according to the Prize Report , of the Royal Agricultural Society, was the past, and such is the present state of the Netherby estate. Does any one suppose this could have been done withoLt determination and self-denial ? The return made from even the must judicious improvement of land, though certain, is slow, and to effect it a large proportion of our incumbered landowners would be compelled to forego much of that luxurious and ostentation ex penditure in which they indulge. Few, therefore, will follow the example of Sir JAMES GRAEAE, and unless by some means or other the large landed pro. perties of the country are improved, they can neither yield the rents to the owners, the profia to the tenants, nor afford the employment for hmour, or the supplies of food to the community, they ought and might readily be made to produce. DEFECTIVE GOVERNMENT RETUINS. TO ?HZ EDITOR OF TOE ZXPRISR. Stte,—Yon complain of the tardy manner it which government officers make their returns to par.iamen tary orders. You might have added theet these returns are, when made, frequently doctored and mutilated. I have now before me what purports to * a re turn (Session Paper, No. 961, of the year 1833) by the ltegistmr of the Court of Admiralty, of " The Applications that have been made to the Court of Admiralty of England for head or bounty money, upon the destruction and dispersion of al leged pirates on the coast of Borneo and adjacent islands in each year since 1811." In this return the application in behalf of the Nemesis, which obtained no less than 20,7001. of hea6money for the officers and crew is omitted. The emission is the more extraordinary because the same official included it in a return showing the distribution of the last head-money voted by perliamest, pub lished in the Sessional Paper, No. 239, of the year 18.51. Whether the heroes of the Nemesis =macre, and their friends have got ashamed of the exploit, and made interest to havo the record of it suppressed ; or whether it has been left out by the carelessness of the registrar, is a matter of indiference. A mutilated and deceptive return has been made to a parliamentary order. Will the House of Commons put up with such treatment? A CURIOUS INQUIRER. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. The Paris journals are dubious as to the prospects of peace ; the Vienna journals (with the exception of the Wanderer) are confident that peace is es good as concluded. No importance is to be attributed either to the despondency of the one or to the sanguine hopes of the other. The Parisian journalists echo the dismal news manufactured by Exchange jobbers ; the Viennese speak the trembling wishes (not hopes) of their court. The solitary growler at Vienna (the Wanderer) is thus delivered : A letter from Odessa of the 26th ult. says: "The solution of the Eastern question is not so near at hand as might have been expected. Our trade, however, does not suffer from the uncertainty. We are embexrassed by want of shipping to carry off the large orders for corn. The armaments in the principalities have not been suspended ; reinforce ments are continually being sent to the army." A letter from Bucharest of the 23rd ult. states that the prices of provisions there have, since the arrival of the Russians, augmented one-thi;d. The Patrie states, on the authority of a Black Sea correspondent, that a part of the crews of the Russian men-of-war which have returned to Sebastopol has been sent on shore. These parties, it is alleged, are all Poles or peasants from the interior—notoriously bad sailors. As a mark of disgrace they are to be employed in the most disagreeable harbour labours. The sailors retained on board are said to be all Greeks or Finlanders (also no Russians!) FRANCE. PARIS, FRIDAY EVENING. The attention of political men and speculators has been to some extent excited by a paragraph in the Meniteur announcing that the ministers pre sent in Paris assembled yesterday at the hotel of the Minister of Justice to deliberate on urgent affairs. The Moniker does not say " des affair's urgentes," but " les effaires urgentes,“ a phrase not necessarily implying that there was any grave matter for discussion, but that the meeting was held for the purpose of disposing of such business as might bo most pressing. Still, in the present tick lish state of foreign affairs, an announcement of this unusual nature gives rise to various surmises. The Bourse again gave way at the opening, and the Threes went as low as 77fr. 83c., but towards the close there was a sudden rally, which brought i them up to 78fr. 23E The result of the day was a rise of 13e. upon the Threes for account, and a trifling fall upon most other securities. With respect to the now phase of the Turkish question the tone of the government journals is to the effect that the refusal of the Emperor of Russia to accept the modifications will be of no sort of im portance, as the only result wiU be an appeal to the Vienna conference to try their hands again. The Pays says: Public opinion appears to be disquieted at Russia not having yet replied to the propositions modified by the Porte, and transmitted by the conference of Vienna. This delay, if it exists, need not cause alarm or astonishment. It is evident that the Czar will not take a hasty resolution. We have reason to believe that in receiving the new note he did not immediately make known either his refusal or his soceptatior , and that he has reserved his decision. In any ease, we believe that the reply of Ruuia will very shortly be known at Paris. It must not be forgotten that the question at stake is not one of fact, but one of form. It is evid.utly the conference at Vienna which will have to solve it. _ The Palris speaks to precisely the same effect. It seems by common consent to be forgotten that pro tracted negotiations, are precisely what Russia desires. The assertion so confidently put forward a few weeks back that diplomacy had put the question in such a shape that it must at once be resolved by a plain "yes "or " no," is now implicitly admitted to bean empty boast. A letter from Dieppe, of the ith, states that, in consequence of the violence of the wind the night before, it was determined to bring the Reine Hortense, which was riding in tho roadeted, into port. This was a work of some difficulty as the sea was exceed ingly high and broke frequently over the jetty. By the aid, however, of two experienced pilots the yacht was brought safely in, in the presence of a consider able number of spectators, including the Emperor and the Empress. When the yacht was safely inside, preparations were being made to displace three trading vessels to make room for her, but the Empe ror sent word not to disturb them, as the yacht could stay very well outside of them. The Courrier du Pea de Calais states that it is on 'the 20th that the Emperor is to leave Paris for his journey to the north. His Majesty will, it says, stop at Arras and Lille; from Lille he will proceed to the camp at Helfaut, and from that place to Bou logne. He will return from Boulogne, by Amiens, to Paris. Their Majesties are still expected at St. Cloud to morrow afternoon. M. Fould, who has resumed his functions u Minister of State, which were confided ad interim to M. Abbatucci, is understood to have given positive orders that the Opera shall open on Monday, and it is expected that the Emperor will be_there. _ _ _ It is announced that there will a grand fete at the camp of Satory on the Empress's fen day, Sept. 16 —Saint Eugenie. v. The following was the situation of the Bank of France on Thursday, Sept. 8 : ASSIIMI. fr. c. Cash and ingots Cash at the branch-banks 103,677,8 5 Overdue Billi 291,315 63 Uhl becoming due in Paris, of which 1,6,223,838 fr. He., ars from the brinehlbanks Bills in the branch-banks Advances on coin and ingots ..banks, Do. in the branch-banks 1,188,093 Do. on public securities of France 33,3-57,736 10 Di:to by the branch banks 12,493,160 Ditm on railway shares and bonds - Di:to in the branch-banks 21,397,896 D;tto to the state by treaty of June 30, 1848 Rents. of the reserve-fund lientes of disposable funds 55.431,514 37 hotel and furniture of the bank 4,000,000 Leal property of branch-banks 3,844.813 laterest an National Discount-bank Enmities 1,025,015,161 79 Capital - Reserve-fund Reserve-immoblliere Notes to bearer, in circulation Ditto of branch-banks Ditto to order (Post-bills) Bills payable at sight Account current of Treasury Creditor Various accounts current Ditto branch-banks Dividends to be paid 806,566 25 Discount, interest, and expenses 2,776,612 9 Duty charged for keeping securities , 17,072 6) Re discounts of the last half year 667,492 Sums received over and above the value ... _ _ of the protested bills Sundrie► 1,025,015,161 70 It appears from these returns that the metallic reserve in Paris has declined during the past month 71 millions, whilst in tho branch-banks it has in creased something more than lof a million. The discount accommodation has increased both in Paris and in the departments, though not to a great ex tent, being an advance of about 2 millions in the former, and of 21 millions in the latter. Advances on French securities have fallen off 11 millions in Paris, whilst remaining about as they were in the departments. Advances on railway shares have declined about 1 million in Paris, remaining almost without charge in the branch-banks. On the side of the liabilities, the notes in circulation have fallen off 41 millions in Paris and nearly 2 millions in the provinces. The account-current of the Treasury has declined 11 millions. Private accounts-current have fallen off in Paris 181 millions, and in the branch banks, lof a million. The whole of the metallic re serve is at present 4321 millions, to 661 millions of notes in circulation. BELGIUM AND HOLLAND. BRUSSELS, FRIDAY. The Ostend Journal asserts that Queen Victoria will pay a visit to that town on the 13th inst., and that her Majesty will be met there by the Duke and Duchess of Brabant. On enquiring in the proper quarter, I have ascertained that nothing . is known there respecting such a visit, and I am inclined to believe that the statement in question is totally un founded. In the Brussels corn market this day there was a more abundant supply than on Wednesday last. The prices of new wheat have slightly, very slightly, declined. Somewhat alarming rumours are current in our political circles respecting the Eastern question. It is believed that the Emperor Nicholas has made a very unsatisfactory reply to the note of the Sublime Porte, and expressed not a little indignation at the " extra ordinary and rash" memorandum appended to that note. A private letter from the grand duchy of Luxem bourg states great discontent is manifested at the dismissal by the King of Holland (Grand Duke of Luxembourg) of the liberal ministry of that duchy— a ministry formed in 1848. GERMANY. AUSTRIA. The last droppings of the bitter vintage of the military tribunals continue to flow. Tke Wiener Zeitung of the 6th inst. contains a list of eight unfortunates condemned to two or three weeks' imprisonment (some with some without irons), or beating with a stick, for offences which Lon don policemen would have passed over without notice. Among the delinquents is a female—the Kammachergesellensfattin (which, being interpreted means wife of a journeyman combmaker) Anna Schwarz. Mrs. Schwarz's offence is not specified, but her punishment is fourteen days' imprisonment in the House of Correction "in chains." Hayuau is dead bat congenial spirits survive in Austria. PRUSSIA. The Spener Gazette bas the following from Hirsch berg in Silesia, dated the lit. :—" This morning the King consented to receive, at Ermansdorf, an address of devotedness from the Municipal Council. After the address had been read, the King said : "Gentionion,—l had intended not to receive you again. In 1846 I had consented only on the most pressing prayers to pardon the town for its offences towards me. I was, however, weak enough to do so, and every one knows what requital I got in 1848. You who are here before me have not varied in your sentiments of fidelity, but of the town in general I can say with truth that I was deceived. That is the reason why I had resolved not to be again so weak. For several years the authorities have been ardently solicit ing me, but I have hitherto persisted in my resolution. However, I consent now to act onoe more as if nothing had passed at Hirschberg, and I will once more include it amongst the towns which are neer my heart. I admit that it is with little hope that I enter into this new phase, and I declare to you that it is the last time. Look carefully, therefore, that what has taken place shall not again occur; and I hope that you, gentlemen, will be responsible for the better sentiments of the town towards me." THE CHOLERA. CIIRISTIANIA, Avoust 31. The cholera seems neither to spare age, sex, or condition, nor is it confined to any one quarter of the city or suburbs. The number of victims is not very numerous, but the disease is most severe, death en suing after a few hours' illness. From the 25th July to the 31st August the total number attacked has been 393 ; deaths, 250. CHRISTIANIA, AUGUST 31.—RAILWAY ACCIDENT.— Yesterday occurred the first accident on our railway. The English engineer•in-chief, Mr. George Bidder, who lately arrived here, started for Dal in Ul:engager in one of the lo comotives. A slip of earth had taken place, and it was one of the points of which the inspecting commission had com plained; the locomotive was upset and a workman was killed; the rest of the party, as far as we have learned, escaped unhurt. Mat fortunate was it that the celebrated engineer, Mr. Bidder, and many friends in company with him got off so well. It is to be hoped that this accident to which the engineer-in-chief was witness will cause the rail way to be put in proper working condition before it is opened throughout ; as it is, only •t to G trains with planks are brought here daily from Strommen. THE LAND REVENUES OF THE CROWN.—Among the acts of last session was one to facilitate the redemption of certain charges on the hereditary possessions and land revenues of the crown. It seems that by letters patent and a deed in the reign of Charles 11. and by other " ways end means" perpetual pensions, some of which were under 101., were given to ecclesiastical persons, and they are still pay able en certain feasts of the church, and charged on the land revenues of the crown. The object of this act is to clear off a number of =all pensions, which may now with the consent of the lieclesiastieal Commissioners be sold to the crown. The others are to be paid in April and NO: vcmber in each year, and not on the feasts specified by the grants. Ine Court. BALMORAL, SEPT 7. Her Majesty, Prince Albert, the Prince of Wales and Prince Alfred left Holyrood Palace yesterday morning at a quarter past 8, and travelled by railway to Coupar Augur, where carriages were in readiness to convey them by the S i aittal of Glen Shea to Balmoral, where they arrived at a quarter past 6. In attendance were the Duchess of Wellington, the Hon. Mary Bulteel, the Earl Granville, the Hon . Colonel Phipps, , the Hoe. Colonel Gordon, Sir James Clark, and Mr. Gibbs. At Holyrood Palace, her Majesty wee Winded to her car riige by the Marquis of Breadalbane and Mi.jor-General Napier, commanding the troops in Scot:and, and escorted by a detachment of the 7th Humors. The Dake of Hamilton bad the honour of dining with her Majesty at Holyrood Palace on Monday. SEPT. S. Her Majesty drove yesterday to Aberge:die with Prince Albert. The royal dinner party yestelday included the Ducheu of Kent, Count Alexander hienalortl, and Lady Augusta Brace. Despatches were sent yesterday from the Colonial-office to the Governor-General of Canula, and the Governors of the other North American provinces. Despatches were sent on Thursday to the Governor of Hung Kong, the Governor of Malts, and the Lord High Commissioner of the lonian Islands. UNIVERSAL EXHIBITION OF' THE FINE ARTS IN PARIS, 1855. The Department of Science and Art at the Board of Trade have issued the following notice to artists in refer ence to the forthcoming Exhibition in Paris : " The Board of Trade has received information from the Secretary for Foreign Affairs stating that the French am• bassader has communicated to him that a universal Exhi- bition of the Fine Arts is to take place at Paris, in May, 183 d, at the same time as the Exhibition of Industry. The French government expresses a desire that this Exhibition may be as complete as possible, and that its organisation may be arranged in • manner to give satisfaction to every nation invited to assist in it. The artists' works will he forwarded gratuitously to Paris, and the arrangement of them will not entail any expense on the artists exhibiting. Information of further arrangements will be afforded as soon as they are made. Hay CoLE, LYON FL tYFAIII, Joint Secretaries.—Marlborough•huuse, Sept. 9, 18d3." B RITISH ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCE MENT OF SCIENCE. HULL, FRIDAY. fhe various sections resumed their sittings at 11 o'clock this morning. SECTION A.-MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCE. A paper was read in this section by Robert Russell, Esq., on the action of the winds which veer from the south-west to the west, and north-west to north. SECTION H.-CHEMICAL SCIENCE. Pilsen were seed in this section by Professor Robert Hunt, on the chemistry of photography; by M. Antoine Claudet, on the practice of the daguerreotype; by Profes sor Johnstone, en the origin and e •miwsitien of the mine ral called rotten stone; by Professor Andrews, on a simple instrument for graduating glass tubes ; and by the Rev. Thomas Exley, M.A., on the cause of the transmis sion of electricity along conductors generally, and parti cularly as applied to the electric telegraph. SECTION C.-GEOLOGY. In this section the following papers were read: On the classification and nomenclature of the Palmonoic rocks of Great Britain, by Professor Sedgwick, F.R.S. ; on some Ayrshire fossils, by Wyville Thompson, Esq., LL.D. ; on refraction and cleavage of slate rocks of the county of Cork by R. W. Townsend, Esq. ; and on the cornbrath of Glou cester and part of Wilts, by Professor Buckman. SECTION D..-ZOOLOUT AND BOTANY. Robert Itarrison, E , ti., and J. D. Tollitt, Esq., read papers on the marine and fresh water Diatomacew found in the neighbourhood of Hull. Papers were also read by John Phillips, Esq., on a living specimen of Priapulus from the Scarbro' coast; by Professor Allman, on the structure of BursarU, a form of infusoria ; also on the structure of the herb water Polyp. (Hynra Viridis); and by P. Duncan, Esq., on ciliary motion; also on the mor phology of the pycnogouidie, a family of minute crustact:k. SECTION Z.-. 081.10 BA PUT AND ETHNOLOGY. This section was occupied by the reading and discussion of the following papers, viz. :—By the Rev. G. C. Nicelay, F.R.G.S , on the importance of places in the Pacific, in connexion with great Oink routes and steam navigation ; by Trelawney Sanders, Esq., F.8.G.5., on an inquiry into the variations of climate within the tropics in connexion with the vertical action of the sun and the actual motion of the earth, especially with reference to the climate of the Gulf of Carpentaria, in North Australia ; by Dr. IL G. Latham, PALS., ethnological remarks upon some of the more remarkable varieties of mankind, represented by in dividuals now in London. SECTION E.-STATISTICS. In this section Henry Cooper, Esq., M.D., read two papers—one was an analysis of mortality from cholera in Hull, in the autumn of 1819 ; and the other was on the prevalence of diseases in Hull. The Rev. James Selkirk, chaplain to the Hull gaol, read his paper on the cause, extent, and preventatives of crime. SECTION 0.-1 In this section 3.1 r. James Oldham, C.E., Hull, M.1.C.E., read a paper of considerable interest on the rise, progress, and present position of steam navigation in Hull. Georget.ocking, Est., read his paper, containing a brief description of Locking and Cooke's rotary-valve engine, and its a/vantages. On Friday evening Professor Phillips read an address on the geology of Yorkshire in the Mechanics' Institute. THE BURY AND RADCLIFFE AGRICULTURAL SHOW. The annual meeting of this society took place at Bury yesterday. Many of the exhibitors are holders of land under the Earls of Derby and Wilton, and the two noble lords are patrons of the association, which though formed only a few years ago is so rapidly increasing as to have enabled the committee to offer 3161. this year in prises, besides 13 silver medals. Out of this sum there were 13 prises varying from 11 to 101. for the best culti vated farms ; biz for the best drained land ; live for laying down grass; five for eradicating hedges; 10 for green crops, principally in turnips and mange! wurzel ; 30 for horned cattle ; 16 for horses ; 16 for sheep ; 10 for pigs ; 41 for poultry ; and 7 for produce. The show of horned cattle here, like that at Warrington, was very good, and so was that for horses, sheep, and pigs. A huge creature, weigh ing 25 owt , belonging to Mr. John Kershaw of Heywood, tools the first prize for bulls. The show of poultry was very large, and the owners had fixed the most extravagant prices to some of them. The prices for Cochin China fowls, though in some cases reaching 6001., were nowhere. Mrs. Wm. Ashton, of Oaklands, had a pen of three birds, marked 1,0001., and a second pen, in which were a black Spanish cock and two hens (certainly very fine fowls), valued at 10,0001. Capt. W. Horuby's three birds, however, though put down as worth the more modest figure of 500/., carried the prize (15e.) There were good fowls for which the owners asked no more than ten guineas ; but that is probably owing to the times of agricultural distress supposed to be imminent. The highest price for chickens, was a pen of four, of the Dorking breed, marked at 5001. There were 110 pens of poultry in the whole, and the total value put upon them was 16,6331. The show of agricultural implements was large, and amongst the most interesting was one menu factored for the Earl of Derby, two years ago, by Messrs. Richmond and Chandler, of Manchester, combining appara tus for thrashing and winnowing in one machine. A six-horse steam-engine was attached, and both machine and engine are mounted on wheels, so as to be moveable. It is said that the noble earl lets out this machine to his tenants at a charge per day ; and, as it is capable of thrashing and dressing 180 quarters of wheat per day, it is a very useful machine to have upon a nobleman's estate. There was to be a dinner in the evening at the Town-hall. The Earl of Derby and Mr. Frederick Peel, M.l'., had keen invited. Our correspondent asked a stout and burly agricultural looking gentleman whether these guests were likely to be present, when he replied "Be ; but we expect some rather big dogs there, too." Mr. Grey, of Dilston, was amongst the principal agriculturists on the ground. EXTRAORDINARY SUICIDE BY PRUSSIC ACID.— ' Yesterday a respectably dressed woman, about 30 years of age, entered the shop of Messrs. Battley, chemists, of Lower Wkitecroas-street, City, and asked for • beide of essential oil of almonds, stating that it was required for Messrs. rumen, the confectioners, of Cornhill, and the shopmau accordingly took down a b ottle of the preparation, and wrapped it up in paper ; but, upon reconsideration, he requested the woman to bring a written order from Meseta. Punnet', at the same time laying the bottle down up( n the counter. He had no sooner done so than the woman snatched up the bottle, pulled out the cork, and swallowed a good portion of the contents. The shopman bad a straggle with her, and endeavoured to wrest the bottle from her, which was broken, but not before she hail swallowed a ' large quantity, from the effects of which she soon became insensible. Mr. Battley tried the usual remedies, lout they were of no avail. She was removed to St. Bartholomew's Hospital in a state of collapse, but she died in the surgsry soon after her arrival. Her brother has since identified the body as that of his sister, Mary Ann Nind, a single woman. Another relative committed suicide by similar means about five years ago. BIRMINGHAM BOROUaII PR 140 X. TENTH DAY. BIRMINGHAM, Fitu) k y . The inquiry was resumed at tleven o'Llock morning. The first witness examined was William Ward.'n, wh o was committed to the gaol lest February for six 'reeks, as a runaway apprentice. Went in on a Tuesday, and was punished on the following Saturday. I wax put on the crank, but was unable to do the *lrk. I was put on bread and water diet, and on Sunday had on the strait jacket from 9 in the morning until S is the evening. Once I was strapped to the wall ; the chaplain came to me, and I told him that I was unable to do et 7 work I was so ill. The doctor (31r. Green) afteraards came, I told him I had a pain in my hack, hr said "it was all my idleness." On that dty I was again in the jacket. On the following Tuesday I h a d the jacket on again, and received i•c:, one meal of six malacca of bread and water. Tho tint task at the crank was VAX/ revolutions with a %b. weight. I was several thousand dtticient in consequence of tay we a k am. Ti is task was afterwards increased m it , Ot,o revolutions. On some days I did my task. The governor esmn to the cell and make the crank so hard that I couldn't do it. Mr. Welsby—Wia you swear that the governor coasts the cell more than (nee and altered the weights of the crank, in order to increase the punishment? Witness—Tee ; i have known him come twice a-day and screw it down. Mr. Welaby—Wor any one present at the time ? Witness—Yes ; Taylor, the warder. 1 li Uon the eslhe and jacket several times. This gave me gr( pain. I h a d my bed and gas takeu from me unti: a .ate Lour several nights. Welsby—Did the chaplain ever core, to you whilst you were on the crank ? Witness—Yes. Mr. Webby—What did he say to you Witness—He talked to me ali.r. , ut the !scripture., ..ittd made me my. Captain Williams—l see that from the IMI to the of March you did the whole of your task. Ur. one day p a performed as zany as 11,000 revolutions ou the ctauls. /10* was that ? \Vitncu—l didn't know that I did it. Captain Williams—Did the governor cvcr Nehten the crank ? - Witness—No; it always turned harder after he left. Sometime, aftcr he had guile away I rung the Lill and the warder came and 'Witco the crank fur me. I was put in the jacket and collar on two Sundays. The Rev. W. Sherwin was recalled, and r..led by Capt. Williams—Was it an ordiaray occurrence when a prisoner did not perform his crank labour on one clay that he bad bread and water and the straitjacket tic next i Witni.ss.—lt wa.. There were many punishments of which I knew nothing. • William Lawson depmed that be saw the last wily's ia his cell in the strait jacket strapptd to the was;; on a San. day ; he had fallen us if from c shaustino, acd appeared to be strangled; witness raised him, took MI the collar, and sprinkled him with water. Communi . ated the fact to Freer the deputy-governor, and suggested to hit, t:.at the jacket should be taken off, he said that it was on by order of the governor, And he could nut interfere. Had seta the boy is the jacket en other occasions utter he kit the crank. Re. membered Maiden's Led being talon from hint, hut that was a very ficquent occurrence as r. garded pi:toners in this gaol. . . _ Taylor, the late warder, was recalled. h e deposed that Warden was always complaining when at the crank, and that he reported his complaints to the governor. If he (witness) ever increased the weight on the crank it would be by the governor's orden. Recollected seeing the pri sonerin the strait jacket and collar on a Sunday. Freer, the deputy-governor, re-called—Rememberol Warden being strapped; to the wall o❑ a Sunday, and his attention being called to his exhausted condition by Law. son, whose evidence he corroborated in the essential pun eulars. Had himself eased Warden's crank labour, in con• sequence of its being too hard for him. The governor had frequently ordered boys to be put into the punishment jacket mail such time as they said they wont: work. There was no record of such punishment on the books. It was an invariable rule iu this prison to punish prisoners by depriv. ing them of food—of bed—of gas, and.putting them into the punishment jacket, in canes where they did not do their I crank labour. Capt. Williams—Mr. Austin, are all the puzisiaments inflicted on this bay in the punishment bares? Lieut. Austin—They are not. Capt. Williams—Why not ? Lieut. Austin—lt was not the practice in this prison. Mr. Welsby—lie was put in the jacket on a Sun Cay, and strapped to the wall. Should not that base been re. corded ? Lieut. Austin—lt should. It was an azcident il omission. The Rev. Mr. Sherwin recalled and examined—Had often complained to the visiting justices that much of the misconduct of prisoners at the gaol arose out of the circum stance of their not being sufficiently employed when con fined to their cells ; but an objection had been raised by a visiting justice that employing prisoners at trades in gaol would militate apinst trades outside the gaol. Dr : lialy—Who is the visiting justice that said that? Witneee'—l don't remember. Mr. Weisby—To what do you annotate the cause of the prisoners fainting in chapel? Witness—Their having to stand throueli all the service excopt the sermon; and the heat and stench is very great. Prisoners have said to me that they could endure a service twice as long if they could sit. Itathbene, the shoemaker at the gaol, was examined in relation to the case of a prisoner named Bailey Canny, an Irish boy, Id years old. The witness said—ln April last I was called from the chop to assist in putting the strait jacket on the prisoner. He would not work. He said he had not food enough. The elder Cot terill told noe to lay hold of him, and afterwards the governor, Freer, and one of the warders, was sent for. Whilst talking to him, Freer tripped up th' prisoner's heels, and when the latter was on the ground feil en his chest with both his knees, at the same time saying, "That is the way to lick him." The prisouer had the jacket en at that time, and three or four cans of water were thrown over him. The prisoner was at that time insen sible. He was at that time strapped to the wall, and whilst in that position, Freer, the deputy governor, slapped him ic the face. The governor then went up to him and pressed his nose and lips with his Mogen, and said, " You scoundrel, I'll get you flqe,red." I said that I had a little dog at home, and that I wouldn't treat it in that manner. The prisoner was pinned to the wall with a Dole in • corner of his cell. I helped to put the jacket on him. He complained of pain, crying out that he was in great agony. I prose.' his arms back by the governor's orders, and Freer pulled the straps of the jacket two holes tighter. The boy was black in the face before I lelt the cell, and foamed at the month. Harley, another of the officers at the gaol, spoke of the violence of the prisoner, who tore up the floor of his cell and barricaded himself in his cell ; and threw brick-ends et the olllcers : attempts wero made to pin him to the wall by means of • pole. For some time the boy evaded this ; at length Freer thrust the pole violently at him and pinned him to the wall. The boy shouted, "Oh Lord ! Oh Lord ! " and fell. The governor said duel hurt him, but the boy struggled violently and spit into Freer's face. At this time he was hooting violently, and the governor seized him by the nose with his fingers ; the blood trickled down his nostrils, and he licked it into his mouth. The boy still hooted, and ultimately the governor ordered witness to get a bag and put his head in; for some time he was units ble to procure one, but ultimately got one from nathbone and took it to the governor, who told him to take it back, that he didn't require it then. Helyoake, the barber at the gaol, deposed that he once saw the prisoner in the refractory cell ; he was strapped to the wall, sad Freer strapped his legs. The governor said to the boy, "You scoundrel, I'll get you flogged," stud pressed the prisoner's nose flat to his face, and held his mouth. On that occasion the prisoner's cell was not barri caded with bricks, neither was the floor of the cell torn up. Mr. Webby—ls what you say true, or have you core pared notes with anybody . Witness—Yes ; it is. Freer and Lieu . t. Austin, the governor, were next called. The latter denied positively that he had ever pulled the prisoner's nose ; but he admitted that be had thrrab.ned tO get him a good thrashing, because of his violence. The inquiry• was again adjourned. STATUE OP THE LATE SIR ROBERT PEEL IN WEST. MINSTRR AllllllY.—Gibsoa's statue of the lets Sir Robert Peel has been erected in the north transept of Westminster Abbey, under the superintendence of the sculptor. The statue was sculptured in Rome. It is of the life size, in pure white inarhlo, and stands on a pedestal of b:ne veined marble. The likeness is good, and the attitude expressive, rer resenting the late statesman in the act of addressing the senate, and marking an emphasis by the pressure of the palm of the left hand with a scroll which he holds in the right band. DEATH OF SIR PECKHAM NIICKLEWATTE, BART. This hon. baronet, who died at his scat en diiday, iu his sixty-eighth year, was created a baronet during the late Lord Melbourne's administration, in ISM ; he married, it♦ 1336, the sister of the late Lord Bateman. DEATH OF Mn. BLEWITT, TUB COMPOSER.—TS death ut the above-named public favourite, both as tke composer and simzer of sprightly and humorous song% took place in town, early in the present week, under those comfortleiss circumstances that but too °den attend the demin of celebrities of the theatrical profession. Mr. Biewitt is stated to have closed his slays in great poverty, leaving a widow and family of iltildrin to depend upon eleemosynary aid for whatever temporary provision can bo obtained for them in their bereavement. Mr. Blewitt composed the spirited music to the highly humorous gel of " Barney Brallaghan's Courtship," and this song first brought him into notice as a composer. The musical world has, in a brief period, been deprived of the talents of three celebrated comic vocalists. lludsou died a few months ago; Blrwitt has not long sonic( him; and John l'..rry has re iced from the profession, through illness of ehrolio Lind, which incapacitates hint from appeals* before the public.