The Express. — London, England, 1853-09-21 00:00:00

F-Ite eVarrelSfs• TO CORILESPONDF.NTS. • ese•rul Y. blt .n of .• tie !r0t0r5...," c.tntatatni the use retsina's "t.s,tte," to pult:xbed esti; luts sad Enda, sten, in twos for poet. As., f t,..skrws intrnivt for "The Express," London Evening paper, suet b. at the t sh.s, IQ, Lessons-Amy by Two oVtock on the 4ay et pub:wallop. 111011 WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tnia lhot —*muse, 411. Mes Attern.mth. Ih. hllll. 7k.4lGrauw —Mar wag, Y. 44.... Afternoon. 3h. Sat. TONDO V, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 21. LORD JOHN Russets has been receiving honour from the people of Greenock in the shape of an ad dress, and returning an equivalent in the form of a speech. There has becu a lamentable dearth of useful utterances lately. Have public men been so thoroughly exhausted by the labours of their last session that they must needs sink into a sort of col lapse? Some of the few who do talk, open their mouths to so little purpose, that the world wonders why they took the trouble to speak at all. Mr. Dint %EU, for instance, treated his constituents to an oration, which appears to have been modelled upon an aftcr•dinner speech of a l'rotectionist fanner. Lord Jerrie Itussua. has done something more manly than his rival. He spoke sensibly on most of the subjects he chose for illustra tion. There was a great propriety in the reformer who was one great agent in passing the Reform Bill, reminding his Scotch friends that at the time when he first visited Scotland, and was receiving his education in that country, there was nothing like real representation in that part of the empire. Popular elections, which were even excep tions elsewhere, had no place in Scotland ; and the freedom of the press was but a name. A politician who has taken a leading part in the movements which have led to these changes may well look back with pleasure upon the past and be excused for adverting to it with pride. There was an appreciation also of the true source of the greatness of this kingdom, in the speaker's remarks upon the effect which the character of the people has upon the nature and stability of their institutions. With re ference to institutions which have failed in other countries, and to liberties which decayed without bringing fruits to maturity, lord Jona said truly, " There is this difference between those countries and this, that here there is such temperate enjoyment of freedom, such forbearance in pushing rights to ex tremity, such well-considered appreciation of the value of liberty, that institutions derive all their force, and all their grandeur, from the character of the people among whom they are inlroduced." In perfect accordance with this sentiment were the remarks upon some of the obstacles which our very privileges throw in the way of benefits which despotic governments are sometimes able to improvise abroad with captivating energy. "Our very freedom," said his lordship, " stands in the way oe many regulations which are of themselves beneficial ; and where, in a foreign country, where despotic rule prevails, you will, find there is an obligation to provide for the good ventilation, for order, for the mainte nance of measures of police, of that which con tributes to the health of the population in a city, our people—naturally I must say, and I find no fault with such jealousy—object to the inter ference of any central authority, and when the matter is left to their own government, do not al ways provide for themselves those measures they should provide for the good of the people." This is true and significant. It is certainly provoking enough to see nuisances accumulating in courts and lanes and wharves, which seem placed there for tho very purpose of tempting tho ad vent of cholera. It is vexing to find that the people themselves do not come forward with enough promptitude in such cases, and that the Go vernment cannot do all that is needed. We may sigh to think that what a town council will not do, and what a central authority is not powerful enough to do, would be accomplished by &LOUIS NAPOLEON, or any continental despot, at the price of a few words of proclamation. But it is refreshing at the same time to remember that a power which would make such short work with any vested right in • nuisance would assuredly be the greatest nuisance itself. An authority sufficiently powerful to make us clear our streets at the point of the bayonet, for the prevention of cholera, would not hesitate about using the same bayonets for worse purposes. Government is a very admirable thing in its way, but it is very easy to get too much of it. A ruler who begins by forcing benefits down the throats of his subjects has prepared the way for making them swallow doses of a different nature. We are, it is true, very behindhand in many respects, but wo are content to wait until the eyes of all aro opened to the fact, and then we shall reform ourselves. Until that time comes we may bear the burden of our folly, which, heavy as it is, is still preferable to the worse things endured by our neighbours. It is a burden lightened by the knowledge that it will cease to be irksome the moment we are wise enough to mend our ways. The education question to which Lord Joule alludes is one which Lours NAPOLEON or the Emperor of AUSTRIA could settle by an order in council, but which appears in England likely to wait for a settle ment for years. This is a sad prospect, but it would be still worse to have a stereotyped system forced upon us which would admit of no expansion except at the hands of the Government. Let us then, when we are reproached with not " pawning a strong Government," rejoice over the imputation—content with the reflection that "strong Governments" are rather more celebrated for exercising their strength for the benefit of themselves than of their subjects. With the allusion to Turkey Lord JOHN'S audience was very justly pleased. The painful consideration suggested by the speaker's expres sions, is, that the words are in such unpleasant contrast with the deeds. It is very well to hear Lord Jou:4 RUSSELL reminding his audience that England has many times stood forward to resist oppression, to maintain the independence of weaker nations, to preserve to the general family of nations that freedom, that power of governing them selves, of which others had sought to deprive them. We are charmed to hear a British statesman say that this is not the time to abandon any of those duties towards the world which Great Britain has hitherto performed. Every one will imitate the Greenock assemblage in cheering the speaker for his decla ration,—" I certainly should be the last to forget that if a peace cannot be maintained with honour, it is no longer peace, but a precarious truce, to be denounced by others whenever they may think that an opportunity has occurred to enforce by arms their unjust demands, either upon us or our allies." All this is very manly talk, ►ut is it any thing more? Is it anything but "words, words?' Will what the Government does correspond with what some of the members of the Government affirm? Who would imagine that the above gallant declaratior.s contain the sentiments of a member of a Government which came forward to mediate, when France had already mo% ill—which by its hesitation gave its ally an op portunity fur hesitation—which flattered the Turks with promises of protection, and now by continued d.luy stems to be wilfully playing the game of Itussin? These are anomalies which the Ministry will find it difficult to explain; but, until they can, friends might advise a judicious reticence on the sub ject of Turkey. Lord Jowl RUSSELL can be silent when he chooses; as, for instance, in the present case, on the subject of Reform in Parliament, upon which most persons expected he would hale something important to say. Let is hope, however, that this speaking out on the subject of Turkey is a prelude to a more vigorous policy, and that the Ministry will avoid the disgrace of having first given but a temporary and hollow support to a weak ally, and then lift him in the burglarious hands of an insolent and remorseless enemy. THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 21, 1853. In the event of the first encounters proving disadvanta geous to Omer Pasha, and that he should not succeed in forcing the enemy back into the Danube, he has a strong line of farce' between Varna and &hinds, whose central point, Peravadi, has been fortified. and to which he could under such circumstances retire. The right wing of this line is defended by Varna, and by the sea. The left wing is sup ported by the Balkan mountains, every pass of which bas been barricaded, so that the Turkish forces could not be surrounded. Taking into consideration that the Reunions mast leave • very great body of troops to observe Silistria and Rust shuck, in order to be enabled to advance on the line of &Amnia and Varna, it is evident that they would arrive there in too small • number to act effectively. Omer Paths, who will have concentrated on that line from 60,000 to 70,000 men, will be in the same position u Marshal Itadetzky was in the campaign of 1848 in Lom bardy. Old Varna was dismantled after 1829, and has been' rebuilt on a much larger scale. It is now twice the size it was. It is built completely in the style of • Turkish for tress. It is en immense pentagon, the angles being all fur nished with outworks bearing from 20 to 30 heavy guns, whilst other smaller batteries line the sides. The fortress has in all 150 cannon on the wall", and upwards of 60 1 heavy pieces is reserve. The works have been perfectly restored. At the present moment some excellent detached outworks are being erected. Sehamla is a vast entrenched camp that can be defended by 2.5,000 men, and is capable of containing 100,000. It has also been rebuilt on a much better plan, and is totally different from what it was in 1828. Mr time is much taken up; but you shall hear from me again. I'll.—The most perfect discipline reigns in the whole army, not to speak of the general wish for war. The sani tary state of the army is most satisfactory. Out of 13,000 men, incredible to say, there are but 300 sick. Neverthe less, the troops work most assiduously at the fortification', end at their military duties. This proportion is the fifth of what is generally calculated. The Turkish soldier is much better fed than is generally the ease in Europe. The irre• gular appearance of these troops strikes a European eye displeasingly; but it is part of a system. On the whole, this camp gives one an idea of the camp at Boulogne in 1803-4. A battalion of Asiatic riflemen arrives to-day. - - The Annus! de Constantinople gives the following account of a review of the Egyptian troops by the Sultan on the 20th ult.: On Tuesday last his Imperial Majesty the Sultan went to the camp of the troops foam Egypt, at Selir-Bournou, to pats them in review. Oa the arrival of his Majesty at the port of Unkisr Shelessi, all the vessels of the fleet were decked out, and their crews en the yards joined the troops who were drawn up in line of battle from the landing place to the bottom of the valley, in greeting the Sultan with repeated cries of Allahumns; onsour Sou/Omens (0 our God, aid our Sultan !) All the bands of the regiments and the fleet then performed warlike marches, whilst the cannon of the fleet and of the fortresses of the Bosphorus sent forth their thunders. His Majesty, who wore • military uniform, the grand decoration in brilliants of the Medjidie, and a magnificent sword enriched with precious stones, was at tended by his ordinary suite. Ha was received on landing by Mehemit Ali Peels, Grand Seraskier ; Ahmed Fethi Pacha, Grand Master of the Artillery ; Mahmoud Pache, Grand Admiral; and Mehemet Rusehdi Pacha, General in-Chief of the Imperial Guard. The Sultan mounted a magnificent Arabian hone, and passed the review of the troops, who on his passage continued the same acclama tions. Arrived at the Chemsii% a teat in the form of a beautiful parasol, on the height of Selir Bournou, the Sultan commanded the attendance of his ministers, and im mediately after the superior officers of the troops, which he had passed in review, headed by General Sella ruche, were admitted to tile honour of depositing at the feet of his Im perial Majesty the homage of their devotedness. The Sul tan delivered a speech, in which he manifested his satisfac tion at the fine appearance of the troops, and praised the activity and zeal of Abbas Pacha. After the speech of the Sultan the troops filed off before the imperial tent, and went towards the camp. As a testimony of his Potisfaction the Sultan deigned to order all the contingent from Egypt an extra month's pay. The departure of his Imperial Ma jetty was, like his arrival, saluted with flourishes of truns• pets, acc lamations, and the firing of artillery. The same journal announces the departure of General Prim for Schumla. He was accompanied by the officers of his mission, and by his mihmanda Savfet Effendi, one of the Professors of the Poly technic School. Before leaving he paid a visit to Mehemet Ali Pacha, Minister of War, and an escort of twelve horsemen was granted to him. The Journal further states that the Jewish community of Constantinople has offered the Sultan a million piastres (230,000 f.) as a contribution to the expenses occasioned by the military preparations. It adds that the Jews of Smyrna intend to offer a sum for the same purpose. Concerning the relations between the Porte and the hospodars, the Journal de Constantinople of the 4th says: In reply to the recall sent them the princes stated to the Sublime Porte that the divans ad hoc having supplicated them not to depart from the Principalities, in the interest of the country, they would remain at their poet oath] the imperial government had come to • decision conoeraing the situation which they submitted to it, being ready, how ever, to conform to that decision, whatever it might be, as aeon as it should be notified to them. On Sunday last the Commit of Ministers deliberated on the reply of the Princes, and after having taken the orders of the Sultan, decided that the imperial government, full of solicitude for the Principalities, and taking into consideration the reasons laid before it, consented not to in sist on the order of recall given to the Princes, provided they were completely free to perform their duty towards the Porte, and to continue to pay the tribute of these pro- Tutees. If not, the imperial government would take such measures as should appear to it suitable to protect its right and its dignity. This decision, marked with the impress of great wisdom, was despatched en Tuesday to Bucharest and Jassy by the Galati steamer, and we have no doubt that, through gratitude, the Priaces will do all they can to conform to it scrupulously. The Press of Vienna says: We learn by letters from Galata that several Boyards hays been arrested, in consequence of papers of • compro mising character having been found in their houses. Amongst them were copies of letters to Omer Paths, in forming him of the minutest details on the state of the 'Russian army in the Principalities; and one from Omer Paella, directing them to enrol us many foreigners as pos sible, as he hoped soon to be able to second them openly. A correspondence from the Black Sea, of the 3rd, an nounces that Ike first stone of a new Greek church, dedicated to st. George, had just been solemnly , laid at Ismail. The erection of this church had been authorised by an ukase from the Emperor, and the expense will be defrayed by the officers of ithe army of occupation. The ceremony of laying the first stone was the occasion of extravagant de monstrations, in which religious fanaticism played the principal part. The Gazette (1 'Augsbourg says a despatch received at Vienna, by Baron Meyendorff, from the Russian government, after declaring that the Emperor is ready to accept the Vienna note on the condition that so change shall be made in it by Turkey, con cludes in the following words: " On this lut point " (alluding to the evacuation of the Principalities) " we can only reiterate the assur ances and explanations contained in our despatch of August 10, and repeat that upon the arrival at St.l Petersburg of the Turkish ambassador bearing the Austrian cote without alteration, an order will be at 'once given to our troops to recross the frontiers." This despatch, signed by Count Nesselrode, is said to have arrived at Vienna on the 13th of thi s month, and to bear date August 26 (Sept. 7.) In consequence of the change in the situation, the Czar's departure for Olmutz is said to bo postponed. The German Journal qr . Frank Art says that Prince Gortschakoff has received instructions to hold him self in readiness to march whenever the order may be given. From all quarters we receive intelligence that the Russian armaments continue. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. The French papers publish various letters from their correspondents at Constantinople, but their in telligence is for the most part anticipated by our own advice& The correspondent of the Constitutionnel states, as an evidence of the confidence which capi talists feel in the resources of Turkey, that "at this very time (Sept. 5) several propositions for loans, the majority of them to a considerable amount, are in the hands of the Porte, which will not at present accept any of them." The same correspondence mentions a placard which had appeared at Constantinople, in which, amongst other things, it is said, that at the voice of the sovereign the soldiers of the redif had quitted their families and their fields at the mo ment of the harvest, and that they would not return to their homes without having fought to revenge the insults offered to their country. The Egyptians, who were on that day leaving for the camp of Omer Dacha, declared to the Sultan, during the fete which he gave to their officers, that they had come to fight, and that they would not return to Egypt until they had done so. The exasperation of the country against Russia shows itself in every why, without there appearing any means of appeasing it except by war. It is added that the ministers themselves were convinced of it, and had decided on incurring the chances of it, hoping that Europe, which his encouraged them in their resistance, would not aban don the Porte. The Fraidifort Post Gautte, the Telegraphic Cur respondent, and the Deutsche Volkshalle publish the following note : VIENNA. Seer. 15.—Russia has formally declared, in rejecting Reschid Dacha's modifications, that the army of occupation shall retire from the principalities on the very day of the acceptance of the project of arrangement unmo dified by Turkey. A IYallachian correspondent writes : BUCHAREST, Seer. S. Prince Gortschakoff goes in a few days to the fron tier in order to inspect tho army corps of General Luders, which is marching into the principalities, and will make the third Russian army corps in these territories. From all that we see and hear it appears certain that the Russians are making preparations for wintering here. Should the Czar and the Sultan settle their differences peaceably still the departure of the Russians before the advent of a milder season will not take place. In Bulgaria, where, as is well known, autumn and winter are always very early, the Turks can no longer encamp in the open air. In the principalities the tents must be exchanged for barracks in a fortnight or three weeks at the most. The French papers continue to discuss the pros pects of peace or war. The Assembh:e Nationale, the faithful apologist of Russia, thus endeavours to appease the public : No human power can prevent the solution from being pacific ; for, supposing the worst—namely, that renegades and revolutionists who command the Turks on the Danube should lead them to combat, and that the Russians should reply by cannon shots, it would only be a collision, a loco! incident. These cannon shots would not emperil the peace of Europe, fur Russia would not take advantage of that monkr to ask for an increase of territory. The Euro pean governments have obtained on the point the moat positive guarantees from that power. in another place the AarcinhMe Nationale alludes to a report that the English cabinet had sent to Lord Stratford de Redcliffe the order to make the English fleet pass the Dardanelles, if necessary, in order to ensure the Sultan the liberty which he may require to sanction the propositions of Vienna when again submitted to him. Upon this the writer remarks : Aire do not want to dwell on the singular change of attitude which this order of the English government poses ceche English Ambassador at Constantinople, but we think that it may be lo>ked on now as cer t a i n , th at the English squadron will go, at a given moment, to anchor before Constantinople, and, as a matter of cosine, the French sqoadron will sot allow itself to be left behind. Assuredly this event is one calculated to astonish Europe, pirticularly as there is reason to believe that it would not excite either anger or surprise on the part of Russia, and that on that day the Eastern question would be pacifically and definitively brought to a termination. The organ of 51. Guizot naturally enough finds it very . strange that the people who pay for fleets and armies should want to know what is going on. The following extract from tho article before quoted reminds one of the days of Louis Philippe, and must have been written by the intriguer who presided over the Spanish marriage plot : There has been formed in Europe a public insatiable of explaaations and news, and requiring constantly to know what is passing in high political circles ; and that public i s composed of the persons who frequent the Stock Exchanges of London, Paris, and other great financial centres. But such persons ought to be aware that governments are not ab solutely formed to tell them what is passing. The espedienta to which it will be necessary to have recourse ths phases which it will be requisite to pass through, in o rder to arrive at a definitive solution of the present ditliculty,belong to the domain of diplomatists. The Pays is still pacific and hopeful—that is, hopeful that the Sultan will yield. But to do so with safety, he needs a moral support. Unlike the Debats, however, the Pays thinks that he should receive this support from the moderation of the Czar, and not from England's sailors and marines. Here is the article. The Pays says : Our private letters are exceedingly precise in the details which they give of the situation of the Divan. The Sultan, who is a fine character and of great intelligence, desires peace; his confidence in the European powers, and particu lar:,' in France, is as great as his gratitude for ail the testi monies of sympathy which he has received from the govern ments of the West. Personally, he is exceedingly well disposed to listen to their advice and accept their arbitra tion. The most eminent and the most enlightened of his ministers, Reschid Facials, supports him in such views, but old Turkish fanaticism does all it can to induce him to adopt other ideas. The Sultan fears, in refusing war to the powerful piety which demands it, to find himself a prey to internal troubles of the gravest kind. He is consequently not free, we repeat it, and his refusal to countersign the note of Vienna, is only the result of the constraint which he undergoes. Our letters affirm that is this situation the Porte has leas need of a reason than of a pretext to give his consent to the conference of Vienna. The modifications which it has applied for are not considered as rigorously absolute. It would suffice to have the note a little smoothed down, for the Divan to consider itself authorised to accept it. Will Russia Wan this concession, which is reduced to a simple affair of form ? We still hope thst it will not be so. The Cur is powerful enough not to be accused of weakness, and he has shown sufficient boldness not to in dulge in a haughty obstinacy for a word or a phrases. Modera tion on hit side will be greatness of mind. Besides, it must not be forgotten that he has acted wrongfully towards Tur key, in occupying the Danubian Provinces, in con tempt of every right. Should he be conscious of the wrong which be has thus committed, it will impose on him more re'ervo and prudence, for it throws on him • greater res ponsibility in the ulterior events which may spring from it. In fine, although matters bear a very warlike aspect at Con stantinople, war Is not yet inevitable. To have it avoided, Turkey at present only asks for a pretext, and Russia has need only to acquiesce in an insignificant concession, which, without altenng the real situation of things, disarms Turkish fanaticism of its violent recriminations. Should that concession be refused, we dare not say thst war will be certain, hot we are apprehensive that peace will be very difficult. Fortunately war would not have at present, after the negotiations, the character which it would have had before the conference of Vienna. The results of that eon• ference are acquired, whatever happens to the peace of the world which they assure, to the union of Europe which they prove, and no the respect for treaties which they I confirm. The following letter is from the pen of an European staff officer, who was sent to Sehumla by his govern ment to obtain information, and to prepare maps of the country along the banks of the Danube : BCIIUMLA, firer. 2. I arrived here on the 20th of August, having been a much longer time on my journey than I expected. Th e greatest activity reigns here both as regards the preparation of defensive measures and the instruction of the troops. Omer I'acha is, if lam to give you my *pinion, well worthy of the renown attached to his name. Ito takes ad vantage of every eventuality and circumstance, and has made the most judicious dispositions. The army, which now numbers 100,000 men, 10 regiments of cavalry, and 250 piices of artillery, is disposed in brigades of 10,000 men each, provided with artillery and cavalry, and stationed all along the banks of the Danube, and in many lines towards the interior; so that on what ever point the enemy should present himself, after having forced the passage of the river, which is guarded by hatter'es and fortifications, he would have to engage with a Turkish force as strong as himself, which would be rapidly concentrated to meet him. This is the main (Wilt of the defensive operations of the commander-in-chief, FRANCE. PARIS, TUESDAY EVENING. The cause of the terrible accident on the Bordeaux Railway is said to have been some unaccountable neglect on the part of the station-ma s t er o f St. Ligue i . There s as yet but one line of rails be tween Tours and Bordeaux. A telegraphic despatch was sent to the station-master, informing him that a special goods train from Bordeaux was coming up the lane, and desiring him to keep tho down mail train on the side rails at the station until the lug gage train had passed. This order was unattended to, and hence the collision. According to one account warrants of arrest have been issued against four ser vants of the company, and the telegraphic despatches of the day have been seized for inspection. No more deaths than were at first reported have ee -1 curred, but the state of an engineer named Buot who has several compound fractures, is very serious. The number of passengers more or less injured is 15, besides the five men who were killed. Among the wounded are two members of the Spanish Cones, and the wife of ono of them, M. Msuuel Laguia•Sampao, and Don Pedro d'Elgado, and Dona Elgado. There is also a Scotchman hurt in the head, whose name, as spelt by the local papers, is Robert Ed waram. About eight o'clock on Sunday evening two engines came in collision on the Rouen railway oppo site the manufactory of MM. Buddicombe and Co., at Sotteville, in consequence of some mistake in turning the switches. As the engines were both running at great speed, the shock was very severe. One of the engines was completely knocked to pieces, and the two men thrown amongst the ruins of it. The engine-driver had his thigh and his knee joint broken, and the stoker received some very contusions. They were both conveyed to the Hotel-Dieu at ltouen, where the state of the engine-driver was considered very dangerous. M. Dronyn de Lhuys, who some of the Belgian papers have sent to England on a secret mission, is • • - recruiting his health at his country house near Blois. The cause of his absence during the present critical time is en attack of optbalmia aggravated by intense labour. The business of the Foreign-office is con ducted pro ton. by M. Thouvenel, but M. Drouyn do Lhuys receives several communications daily by , electric telegraph, and is ready to come to Paris, if necessary, at a moment's notice. The Bourse opened with a strong tendency to rise. The Threes reached 77fr. 40c., but a reaction set in after the first hour, and the closing price was 77fr. 10c., being a fall of 1.5 e. from yesterday. The rail ways resisted the downward movemeut, and more than half the principal lines closed at a rise of a few francs. Strasbourg in particular was in very great demand and ruse 10fr. Bank of France have not varied for several days. They still remain at 2,800 francs. The .11oniteur publishes the returns of the re ceipts of the custom duties and indirect taxes for the month of August, which amount to 12,368,937 fr., being an increase of 431,545 fr. over tho correspond ing period of 1832, and of 1,113,937 fr. over that of 1831. The total receipts for the first eight months of the present year amount to 90,613,579 fr., being a decrease of 1,293,193 fr. as compared with the corres ponding period of 1832,and an increaseof 14,207,231 fr. over 1831. The Danis ku the following on the expense en tailed on the city by the indemnit to the bakers, in consequence of the high price of our: In 1816 and 1817, the price of bread having risen to 61c. ' the kilogramme, it was taxed officially at 50e. for all the inhabitants of Paris, without distinction of fortune. The city at that period kept an account with the bakers of the difference, which existed between the fictitious price of the official tax, and the real price calculated on that of the flour. This is the system which is now adopted. The administra tion then expended 18 millions, 7 millions of which were immediately paid, whilst the other 11 millions were reim bursed year by year to the state, which had made the ad vances. In 1828, the price of bread having gone beyond 49c., the City of Paris came to the aid of the workmen and the poor, and distributed bread tickets. This distri bution continued for nine months, from the 15th December, 1828, to the 30th September, 1829. During that periou, 9,661,000 bread tickets were given away, the average value of each being 13c., and with the expenses these tickets cost about 1,00,000 ft. The number of persons relieved amounted in the maximum to 227,000, and in the average to 141,000. This expense of 1,650,000 fr. was little thought of at the time, as it was covered by the profits realized on the sale of the corn and flour of the reserve. In tact, it was estimated that the quantity of flour then sold in the markets of Paris, or delivered direct to the bakers, ur made . into bread for the hospitals, amounted to 91,000 sacks. The keeping up of that reserve bad up to that time cost more than six millions. At the end of 1831, the city also distributed bread at a reduced price, but only to the poor. The total ex pense only amounted to 590,000 fr. Yet the state reim. burred to the city a sum of 76,400 fr., and besides granted a subvention of 1,06,1,000 fr. to establish workebups where workmen out of occupation were received and employed. The most important crisis, however, and that which is still present to every one's memory, was that of 1816-1847, when the price of bread rose to 62c. the kilogramme. We shall enter into a few of the details on the service of the bread tickets, then organised by the municipal administra tion, and on the ensemble of the expenses which the budget of the city had to support at that period. In 1816 the object of the administration was, as at present, not to have the price higher than 40c. the kilogramme ter bread of the first quality. In 1846 the necessitous classes of Paris alone benefitted by this reduction of the tariff, whilst at present all the inhabitants of the department of the Seine enjoy the benefit of the reduction ordered by the Municipal Council. The system of bread tickets com menced on the loth of November, 1816, and lasted until the 15th of October, 1847. During the second fortnight of November the administeation distributed 622,144 tickets at 12e. ; which, at the rate of 4 per head gives a number of 155,300 persons relieved, and an expense of 74,658 franca. During the second fortnight of March, when the official price of bread was at lir. 24c. the 4lbs. loaf, the city relieved 456,000 persons, and expended 77,5,527 fr. in dis tributing to them 1,825,000 bread tickets. Each ticket then represented a value of 44c.; a family to which thirty tickets were given, therefore, received in reality an assistance of 13fr. '2l)c. for 15 days. Altogether there was a distribution of 33,231,800 during tit e. continuance of the crisis, the average being 24fr. &ie. each. The total expense of the tickets, including all the attendant charges, amounted to 9,024,6990. Ole. The city bad therefore to expend in 1847 a ram of 9,021,699 fr. 91e. in relieving for nearly twelve months about 400,000 persons. It is to be hoped that the crisis which is now commencing will not lest so long, or impose such heavy sacrifices on the, city ; in fact, if in 1847 the city, in expending a little less than 25,000 fr. a day to assist 400,000 poor, saw the amount of its debt rise to beyond 0 millions, to what an enormous sum will it amount now that it has to assist 1,422,000 inhabitants, and that it now expends 12,E60fr. a day, and that in making up only a difference of 6 centimes. The Wonitcur, in giving an account of the celebra tion of the Emperor 's fete in the islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon, states that the Bishop of Newfound land, who was then going the circuit of his diocese, went out of his way in order to perform divine service at St. Pierre on the occasion. A Te Dean followed. Tho Moniteur adduces this as an addi tional instance of the excellent relations subsisting between the French colonial governments and the authorities in the neighbouring English possessions. The Moniteur corrects an erratum in the decree of the 18th, relative to the importation of caoutchouc. For "By foreign ships and . ' 10fr. the 100 and land, .. kilogram - mes ;" — read, "By foreign ships, 10fr. the 100 kilogrammes." M. Mery's new drama, " Guzman the Brave," the hero of which is an ancestor of the Empress, was produced last night at the Odeon. The Emperor and Empress, who were expected, did not attend. Queen Christina was present. Letters from Tenedos of the Bth state that the Bellerophon had arrived from the English squadron, having on board the remainder of the sailors of the fleet who had been attacked by the fever. The sick men had been sent on shore to a temporary hospital on Mount Saint Elias, one of the healthiest spots in the island. Baron Voirol, a general of division, an exleer of France, and an ax-Governor-General of Algeria, died on the 13th inst. A man named Cornelis, suspected of being the murderer of the two sisters Poupelle, at Arras, was arrested on the 15th at Courtrai, in Belgium, and lodged in the prison of that town. On the follow ing morning he was found dead in his cell, having hung himself with a rope which he had made out of the lining of his waistcoat. HOLLAND. THE HAGUE, SEPT. 18. Not a little sensation has been created in Holland by the appearance of a royal decree, conferring the order of the Lion of the Netherlands on Monsieur Drouin de Lhuys, the French Minister of Foreign Affitirs. It is no secret at the Hague that the French ambassador at the Hutch court, acting no doubt under instructions, warmly supported the formation of ,the Van Hall cabinet—the present one—and to the last showed himself hostile to the Thorbecko SErr. 10. To day the States•Gcncral were re-opened after a brief address by the King in person. His Majesty said : Gentlemen,—Again, after a short time, I see myself in the midst of you. With pleasure I address myself to the representatives of a people who give me the most decided and cordial proofs of fidelity and attachment. Now that you are going to recommence your ordinary labours, I may repeat the assurance that I continue to entertain the most friendly relations with the other Powers. During the last month I have received proofs of interest which I highly appreciate. The pacific policy followed by government gives it every opportunity not to neglect anything for the extension of free commercial relations between the Netherlands and other states. The naval and military forces still continue to perform their duties in a satisfactory manner, so far as their limited means admit. Our naval forces arc seen in various sear, thus aiding to establish our relations, and to protect our national flag and navigation. Experience shows more and more the necessity of extending the macseuvres and exercise of the army, on the one hand by keeping the militia a longer time under arms, and, on the other, by uniting the forces toge ther. The position of the colonies and the government pomes lions in the other parts of the world is unerally satisfac tory. The tranquillity of the interior of the island of Sumatra had been disturbed, but it bas been restored by trifling efforts on the part of our forces. lu the same way, also, we may trust that an end will soon be put to the re newed troubles of the Chinese in Borneo. I deplore the frightful ravages caused by the earthquakes and the actions of the sea in the Malacca Islands. From the measures taken by the government, and the assistance of the public, this calamity has been considerably lessened. The great works undertaken for the improvement of our principal rivers continue to be actively carried on. The present results are highly satisfactory. Agriculture, manufactures, and industry are in a favour able condition. The spirit of enterprise developer itself more and more among the people, induciug them to give their attention to various new enterprises, by which the communications by sea and land will be much augmented and which will give to agriculture new territories to cul tivate. Where the general interest requires it the efforts of the people are supported by the government. The works for connecting the Netherlands with the neighbouring states extend more and more. Tha railways already conceded approach completion. Applications for new concessions are encouraged as much u possible. The clectro-magnetic telegraphic line. are increased and continually improved. The lately completed line to ling land, undertaken by private individuals, is of the highest • interest for our commerce. In rejoicing at the great success of the magnificent enter pries of draining the Haarlem Lake, we may also be grati fied at the successful sale of the redeemed land. So far as an opinion can be formed on the partial reports received, the harvest can only bo reckoned upon as an average one. Although the uneasiness caused lately by this state of things seems to have been somewhat exaggerated by some people, I have, however, taken measures to suppress the very trifhog impediments which opposed the free importa tion of the principal article., of food. Commerce, navigation, and shipbuilding are all prosper ing this year. These branches of the public welf4re con tinue to increase. The finances of the country are in an equally desirable position. The hopes which we hod of the favourable issue of the service of last year have not proved fallacious. We have every reason to expect that the present service will also be satisfactory. Unforeseen circumstances have prevented the entire completion of the laws for reducing taxation. New propositions for the reduction of the National Debt will soon be submitted to your deliberation. This session will, as I trust, and as it is the serious de sire of my government that it should, afford the opportu nity of settling important legislative questions. All our efforts will tend to one and the same end—to assure by every means in our power, and with the blessing of Divine Providence, the welfare of our dear country. I now declare the session of the States-General to be opened, &e. ITALY. The King of Sardinia arrived at Tortona on the 15th, after having witnessed the military manteuvres executed in the vicinity of that town, under the com mand of the Duke of Genoa. His Majesty was re ceived with loud acclamations by the inhabitants. Chevalier de Burger, the new imperial Lieutenant of Lombardy, arrived at Milan on the 13th. The Corriere Mercaatile of Genoa, of the 11th, announces the arrest of a priest of that town, named Maineri. The police also searched his lodgings very minutely. SWITZERLAND. The Grand Council of Ticino has adopted by a large majority the project of a line of railway to unite central and eastern Switzerland with Italy by the Lukmanier pass. The cantons of St. Gall and the Grisona had before granted concesiions for the same line. GERMANY. BERLIN, SerT. 17. A statement has appeared in some of the Vienna papers, to the effect that the King of Prussia would visit Olmutz, and attend the royal and diplomatic congress, which is about to open there. I havegood reasons for stating that he will not go. I believe I may add that he never entertained such an inten tion, and I doubt whether he has been seriously in vited. The especial business of the Olmntz meeting is to determine more precisely the policy of Austria in the Eastern question, and to draw closer the alliance between the courts of Vienna and St. Petersburg. Ido not say that Prussia is most pro foundly interested in the results of such an inter view; but considering the personal and family re lations existing between Frederick William IV. and Nicholas 1., all the probabilities are that the acces sion of the Prussian King to the congress would be prejudicial to that independent and national position which M. Manteuffel has hitherto asserted with so much difficulty, but at the same time with success. So far as the Eastern ques tion belongs to Europe, and is amenable to the leading powers, Prussia has taken her part in it openly and formaUy by her responsible minis ters. That is the only kind of action which M. Manteuffel will permit while he remains premier. Hitherto Prussia has acted with great caution, but at the same time with independence, and her in fluence has been exerted on the right side. Manteuffel's paper, the Zeit, has :a judicious article on the modification of the Vienna note at Constantinople. With respect to one clause of the original draught, which speaks of the active solici tude of the Emperor of Russia for the Greeks, and mentions the note of the Sultan as merely permis sive, it says:—" It is possible that the Vienna Con. ference in thus speaking did not intend to designate the solicitude of the Emperor, and the confirmation of privileges by the Sultan, as cause and effect; but such a reading, which must necessarily wound the feelings of the Turks, was too obvious not to strike them at once without a minute examination." The zeit, however, does not think Reschid Pacha's amend ment one which Russia could be expected to accept, since it denies to the Czar rights which he already pos sesses. "It is then," concludes the Zeit, "an enormous mistake to pretend that we have here a mere question of phrases, and that the difference will be at an end, as soon as we have arrived at a form of words which will satisfy the two parties. Be hind words lie things which in their nature are altogether incompatible. All that the most able diplo matist can do is to pass over the real subject of con tention in silence, and to leave the solution to the future. It is in this direction that all the efforts of European diplomatists are exerted, since it is as certain that Russia will not accept the modifications of the Porte, as it is that the latter has not accepted the original note. The solution of the question may not be difficult, if diplomatists do not attempt more than is sufficient for the day; they have only to choose expressions sufficiently general to admit of any interpretation whatsoever, without authorising one more than another. It is true that in thus acting we gain no more than time, but delay is of some value, when the peace of the world is in danger." _ _ _ VIENNA, SEPT. 16. The Emperor left Vienna yesterday afternoon for the camp at Olmutz. lie is accompanied by Prince Louis of Bavaria, the Archdukes Charles Louis, Charles Ferdinand, and Ernest, and of course by Count Gran ne. The government has been encouraged by what it deems the presumption of the Porte, to speak out openly on the side of Russia, whose ends it has steadily promoted. The official Oebt. Corregponflen: has carefully refrained from denouncing at any time the burglanous acts of the Russian autocrat, and has in fact avoided discussing the principle of the dispute, pretending that it is a mere question of words and phrases. Now, however, it seizes the first opportu nity to say a word for its master's patron, and takes up the old story of the moderation of the Czar. The ad. 0.1. rt 81m , lich in says: As soon as Resehid l'acha's commentary upon the modi fications made by hint in the Vienna note came under the notice of the power., all uncertainty about their acceptance or rejection by the Emperor of Russia was minimised, Accordingly the more penetrating organs of the French and English press declared at once that the Porte, after so misconstruing the meaning of the Vienna note, could not expect the two maritime powers to support it in resisting whet they had once approved, and *till less that Europe would withdraw its arbitral sentence out of complacency to Moslem conceit. When his Majesty the Emperor of Russia, from respect for the wish.. of his august allies, and of all Europe, declared the note preparodby the Vi , aila conference to be satisfactory ; when the Russian cabinet abstained from introducing the sUghtest modification iet o it, although it was in matter and ferns far front amine up to the standard of his first demands, it was natural he should add to this acceptance the condition that he should be released from his promise in tit• case that the Sublime Porte should not accept the cote purely and simply. If, not withstanding this declaration, the imperial goverumett o Russia still declares its readiness to coshider its difference with the l'orte as entirely at an end upon the acceptance of the note by the Porte, uotwijhstanding what lees taken place; if consequently it now lies merely with the l'orte to decide whether the present embarrassments and :corep;ica tions, and all the consequences which may possibly arise out of them, shall be put an end to—then we see in this an irrefragable proof of the sincere love of peace and the enlightened consideration of the powerful Hewlett m o na rch. . We doubt not that the representatives of all the great powers will unite in pressing upon the Sultan's advisers the responsibility which would attach to them if they should persist in their opposition. We hare every reason to believe that Europe will not allow herself to be deprived of the blessings of peace in defiance of her will, and upon the rejection of her verdict." What particular iniquity may this last sentence point tu? oLmurz, Sm.. 15. The Emperor [of Austria] arrived here this evening and was received with great pomp and state. Th e . town was illuminated. 'lle Ca.ir announced for the 23rd. AUSTRALIA. Papers have arrived with dates--Sydney, the 19th of June; Melbourne, the IS!h of Jane; and Adelaide, the 6th of July. The Sytlnt y Herald says goods were being offered freely. " Our importati,ns continue heavy, and at the preseat rate of consumption tar in excru of the de. mend." The later private letters also describe a tendency to decline, anal buyers were apparently t eery day be. coming less willing to operate. The pruilutliveness of the gold fields of New South Wales had, however, considerably increased. The mincs at the Oct ns RUIC I.l,evrise yielding largely, and new deposits were from time to time dis covered. The prices of stocks and share, at Syuney re mained steady. Gold was at 75a. per ounce ; wool, ls. Bd. to ls. 11J.; oats, 12s. per bushel; hay, 20. per tun; and the meal exchange on England, 2 minium. SLAVE-HUNTERS IN THE UNITED STATES. • TO TILE EDITOR OP THE EXPEE,S, Stn,—l inclose you an extract from the Yell. nrk Tribune of September 7, just received, which is caL ' culated to exhibit in its true light the great " Cora. promise" Fugitive Slave Law. You will be surprised to see how the baneful influence of that law is capable of paralysing the energies of the freemen of the northern states, and making them silently acquiesce—if not actually partake—in the brutal and bloodthirsty acts of man hardened in the slave states against all the common feelings of humanity. Sarno of your readers may not be aware what sort of a place Wilkesbart—where this outrage was perpe. trated—is. It is not, as they might suppose, come outlying and halfeivilised village of the remotest backwoods, into which the schoolmaster and the missionary have not yet penetrated. It is, on the contrary, a town of five or six thousand inhabitants, one of the prettiest in the United States—a place of mote than half a century's growth, lying in the most lovely valley of America—the Valley of Wyoming, in Pennsylvania, whose name our own Campbell has wedded to immortal verse. The waters of the Susquehanna, as related by that poet, were formerly stained at this very spot with the blood of hardy pioneers, helpless women and their babes, but that was in days when Wyoming was truly a frontier settle ment, and the blood was shed by savages who had never known the arts of civilised life or the truths of the Gospel. Wyoming of the present day is some two thousand miles within the frontier, one of the most fertile valleys in the world, studded all over with pleasant white-walled villages and tall church spires. The largest of these is Wilkesharre, where the tragedy of blood, described in the enclosed ex tract, was enacted. In May last 1 spent a day in that village, admiring the extreme beauty of the valley, and the broad glassy waters of the Susque hanna as they flowed tranquilly on to the ocean. I little thought then that these waters would in this nineteenth century be soon stained with blood shed under circumstances of such barbarity; or that the free inhabitants of that sweet valley would stand quietly looking on shiic five white savages, more bloodthirsty than those of old, were enacting the horrid attempt at murder detailed in the enclusid extract.-1 am, sir, your obedient servant, A '1 ItAVELLER. (Front the New Yor4 Tribune.) Wilkesbarrt, FL, Sept. 3, 1553. . . A most disgraceful ar.d brutal occurrence took place here this morning, which I shall, take the liberty of communicating to you, thinking it probable that no other person here may take the trouble. Being an eye-witness, I have given nothing bat what you may rely upon as facts. About 7 o'clock this morning, an attempt was made by a person calling himself" Deputy Marshal Wynkoop" (a bro ther to Col. Wrnkoop), another, answering to the name of " sloth:akin'," and three other assistants from 'Virginia, to arrest as a fugitive slave, a coloured waiter in the dining room of the Phcenix Hotel in this place. Immediately after receiving their breakfast at the hands of " Bill," the unsus pecting fugitive, who is a tall, noble-looking, remarkably intelligent and active mulatto, nearly white, they suddenly, from behind, knocked him down with a mace, and partially shackled him; but, by a desperate effort and after a most severe struggle, with the whole five upon him, he shook them off, and with the aid of his handcuff., which were only fast upon his right writ, he inflicted some hard wounds on the countenances of some of the South erners, the marks of which they will probably carry to their graves. But, notwithstanding the fearful odds against him, he managed to break from their grasp, and, with the loss of everything upon hint but a part of his shirt, and covered with blood, ho rushed from the house and plunged in the river close by, exclaiming, " I will be drowned rather than taken alive." His pursuers fired twice at him on hie way to the river without checking his speed, and, on reaching the bank, they presented their large revolvers and coiled on the fugi tive, who stood up to his neck in the water, to " cone out and surrender himself, or they would blow his brains out." He replied, "I will die first." They then deliberately fired at him four or five different times, the last ball supposed to have struck on his head, for his face was instantly covered with blood, and the poor fellow sprung and shrieked out in agony, and no doubt would have sunk but for the buoyancy of the water hold ing him up. Tl.e people around, who had by this time col lected in large numbers, were becoming excited, and could no longer refrain from crying out " Shame ! shame !" which had the effect of causing the Southerners to retire a short distance, in evident consultation. The slave, not seeing his pursuers, came to the shore ; but not being able to support himself in the water, he lay down on the edge, completely exhausted, became senseless, and was supposed to be dying, on hearing which the slave-catchers remarked, coolly, that dead niggers were not worth taking " South." Some one shortly brought a pair of panta loons and put on the fugitive, who, in a few minutes, unexpectedly revived, and was walking off from the river, partly held up by another coloured man, named lie:, on seeing which, his pursuers again headed him, drew and presented their revolvers, and called upon him to stop, threatening to shoot any one who assisted the fugitive. The white friends of Rex instantly shouted "Stand away' stand away, Rex, you'll get shot too?' This was bad advice, as they would not have dared to shoot at that time, and it had the effect of encouraging the pirates, who kept advancing toward the fugitive, and, at the same time, intimidated lie:, who drew back, exclaim ing to the slave, " Put, Bill, to the water again ; don't be taken alive." The poor fellow, seeing himself alone, for there was a general drawback on the revolvers being pre seated, turned and plunged into the river again, where he remained upwards of an hour, with nothing above water but his bead, covered with blood, and in full view of the hundreds who lined the high banks. His claimants dared not follow him into the water, for, as he afterwards remarked, " Ile would have died contented could he have carried two or three of them down with him." In the mean time, some of the citizens, thinking there was no law justifying such barbarity, were taking means to have the kidnappers arrested. Judge Collins, one of our most respected citizens, and several others, questioned them as to their names and authority, to which they replied, " lie was more like a lunatic than a judge," &c. They loon, how ever, saw the sentiment of the community was strong against them, and drove oil before an officer wand be found