The Express. — London, England, 1853-08-31 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING. AUGUST 31, 1853. gut erpreoo. eating of female labour ; and one of the latest inven tions brought into use is an apparatus for washing by steam, by which the toils of thousands of women in an unwholesome occupation will be altogether I saved. The same changes are taking place in other countries, where Englishmen and Americans are ' scandalised, in their yearly trips, by seeing women charged with the heaviest drudgery of the farm. Even in Germane, labour-saving machinery is making its way ; and the glove waken of Greuoble have united their wits successfully to produce a m whine which is said to supersede human fingers, and requires only direction by skilled labour. These things are happening at a time when public attention is turned full upou the subject of health. ' Long before Hood gave us his "Socgot the Shirt," there were many in England, besides the medical prolession, who knew that the effects of much sewing upon the health of the women of England were well worthy of the attention of all who hoped that the strength of the middle and lower classes of Englishmen should not degenerate. It would be a great mistake to 'suppose that the incident. detailed in Hood's ballad are unease' y to the unit holesomeut ss of the em plu)inent. The clmo garret, the night hours, the feeble light, the rack of mind, would be fatal with any occupation ; but there is something over and above all this in the employment of driving the nee dle which makes it pernicious, even to the lady at ease in her drawing-room, by broad daylight, with a good dinner preparing, and not a care on her mind. It is no trifling incident of the times if this source of ill-health is iloue away with by the inveutiuu of ma chines for doing that which was always so obviously mechanical that the only wonder is that we have had to wait so long. The event has, however, long been obviously in preparation. It is many , years since the improvements in stocking-weaving led to the employment of the hosiery fabric for other garments than stockings ; and thenceforward we were familiarised with the possibility of shaping garments by machinery. Then followed the Mack intosh manufacture, by which we were taught how joins and "hems" may be dispensed with. All this was so much preparation for the new sewing appa ratus, by which the most mechanical and the most fatiguing part of the whole business, the setting the stitcher, is effeced in the moat perfect manner. Everybody remembers Carlvle's startling statement, that no such thing as a gOod sempatress was to be had, among all the crowds of poor needlewomen who were stitching their lives away; and the elderly ladies of England are constantly heard complaining that no such plain sewing is now to be seen as they were taught in their child hood ; and that the art seems to be finally con centred in Germany. And now, while wo are shipping off our poor needlewomen to Australia, Germany is shipping off to the United States hun dreds of thousands of wives and sisters, wielders of the needle, who will not be wanted to sew in Ame rica because of the mewing machine, while their ab eenco will cause the introduction of the sewing ma chine into Germany, in order to get the nation's clothes made. It seems clear that the day has arrived for sewing to be transferred from the human to the inanimate machine. :I) i;•)111LE8YON I .11:1 TS. ♦sw-ss , Mirka • "7h Laps...." reatatssat His reads fialliPed . :.al sorry /waled sad hada, *lsle. • tins 11714 . ...6. hirate...led ier Ludes C. aft p.m rr et 1 .1 &nom:« zinc b Iv.. Orin:. se clis Mt .4 . MGM Tr Al AR AT 1.0:11)0V NUM; B. TEN DAe—M.....l.e. A. ea. --AAffes.... Oa. 5. T.-...wel—Ltureseg. tie It r.. ..._ „ottoman. Oa. O. LONDON, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 31. UrEEN VICTORIA'S visit to Dublin is another example of that graceful recognition of the new forms assumed by modern society in its process of development, which have already gained for her iditinsi If a degree of popularity equalling, if not surpassing, that of any of her predecessors. If, like ber ueele GYAIRGE IV., the Qt - LEN had endeavoured to fish up all the rags and jewels of feuilality, which the progress of event. had thrown away—if she bud e:.d :t‘coured to reproduce the old feudal representation 01 a monarch, she might have car ried along with her the sympathiew of the few who seem burn w it h their eyes at the back of their heads, but she would have isolated herself from the sympa thies of the great mass of her subjects. Had she tak, n her great predecessor ELIZABETH for her model, indulging in interference with the affairs of Govern went, in inordinate love of displays, and in per petual personal appeals to her subjects, she might have acquired popularity in ono direction, and lost it in another. The QUEEN has chosen a better path. She respects the forces which are ever at work in this country, and allows them to develop themselves in their own manner, admitting their validity, and lend ing them the assistance of her favour. Queen ELIZABETH made "progresses," as they were called. Bu: it was from the house of one nobleman to that or asothe:; the two great results of those visits beiug Onus of fulsome adulation to herself, and the im peverishmen• of those whom she honoured by her presence. tint•en VICTORIA'S " progresses " are of sow her kind. She has now visited her Irish domi nions for no purpose of pomp, but simply to mark by her presence her approval of the new direction in which the energies of Ireland are being directed. She has come to set the seal of the royal approbation upon the effort. of one individual admi rably seconded by his countrymen, to put Ireland, in tote way to join in the great movement which is taking place in the world of art and science. Mr. DASCIAN's experiment is a great and noble one, and it is a wise act on the part of her MAJESTY to lend him the aid of her presence in bringing it to a successful cooclusion. The Exhibition itself is an object of interest, but its possible effects upon the future prosperity of Ireland are still more interesting. For the first time, Irishmen are assem bled together to judge of what they have done, what they can do, and compare this with what other na tions have done. The results of this sight and this comparison cannot but be beneficial. For the first time, they will have an opportunity afforded tl.em in their own land of seeing that the progress of nations must more and more depend upon the mastery which they obtain over the forces of nature. For the first time they will have brought before their eyes means of comparing the advances which other nations have made, and of judging of their own position in the race. The uses to be derived from this lesson are manifold. In no country in Europe was such a lesson so much wanted as in Ireland, whose energies have been wasted in political agita tion, and which has always been looking for salva tion from any other source than the development of its material resources. The testimony given by the It is through no accident that these practical in ventions arise under a remarkable concurrence of circumstances. For a long time now all indications have pointed to an inevitable change in the condition and employments of women, almost everywhere in the civilised world. The long wars of.half a century ago caused such a preponderance of the female sex in France that women took part, without dispute, and for the pubic convenience, in many occupations which are rarely entered upon by women in England. As tradespeople and shop accountants, and in various other ways, there is little distiuction in Paris between women and men. In the New England States, in America, the same disproportion is caused by the departure of multitudes of the young men for the West, as soon as they grow tall enough to march off in pursuit of their fortunes. The young women there follow the English example more than the French—work in silence at such ill-paid occupa tion as they can find, and present such a proportion of unmarried women as can be seen nowhere else out of England. The protected manufactures of New England are a great resource for them; and when we wonder how, in a country like the United States, it can possibly answer to set up cotton and other manufactures, it is because we are unaware of the great amount of disposable labour in that particular part of the country from the multitude of young women left at home when their brothers wander off to the West. Knowing something of poverty, these women have felt and expressed deep pity for their English sisters, as the woes of the needlewomen have been of late yearn laid open. Now, the hour for a prodigious i change has arrived. The value of labour of every kind is daily rising with the expanding prosperity of the country, and with the flow of emigration. Just when women are wanted to be colonial servants and wives, and servants and wives nearer home than the colonies, we see them likely to be released from sew ing, for one thing. The next generation will all be married, or ea nearly so as any past generation of Englishwomen; and those who are not will have a higher and wider choice of employments than the un portioned women of the first half of this century. The promise of this may be seen in other inci dents than the invention of sewing and washing machines. We may see it in the opening of Schools of Design to female pupils, though it is done in but a grudging manner at present. We may see it in the opening of an industrial school for girls here and there, though the number is mise rably email. We may see it in the increasing emplo - ment of female hands in wood engraving, book binding, printing, and other arts, which are less underpaid than women's employments have usually been. We may see it, above all, in the institution of ladies' colleges, such as the two in London, where an education as complete as is usually offered to young men is afforded. By these an opportunity is afforded for ascertaining what women can learn and become able to do; and such an opportunity, occur ring just when the most sordid, mechanical, and unwholesome of feminine employments is superseded by machinery, is a fact full of significance. One question that arises, in connexion with this sewing machine, is about its probable effect on Ire land. After the famine and fever, the support of the Irish population devolved mainly upon the women. Probably nothing like it was ever seen in the world before—the quantity of work done by women, and the amount of subsistence afforded by it. But the work is chiefly of a fancy kind, not likely to be immediately superseded by machinery and meantime, the number of labourers is lessening, and the amount of wages therefore rising so fast that there is every reason to hope that men will soon become the bread-winners again, and the women be released from the necessity of pursuing the un wholesome toil of the needle for fifteen hours a day, as hundreds of thousands of them are doing i now— with a touching thankfulness that the work s there for them to do. During the present rise in the social value of the human being, women are likely to be among the first to benefit : and among women, we hope the Irish will not be the last, after they have shown what they could do in providing for popular subsistence, in the season of their country's deepest need. AN ENGLISHWOMAN. highest personage in the realm to the value of indult trial pursuit* cannot but assist in bringing this lesson home to the minds of the spectators. More in Ireland than in any other place is the sentiment contained in the following passage, from an address to her MAJZSTT, neetssary to be enforced : Former age* have Inca ifstinguiihed, and the reigns Of your Majesty's predecesaire have been il.ustrated, by successes übtaine 1 in war, and by the copse limey which our fleets and armies have gained for cur national flag both by sea and land. It bee been reserved for our own tints fo derive its peculiar characteristic, and your Majesty's reign its chief glory, from the triumphs of the Arts of l'eace, and from the ia augutotion of a pan Mil rivalry amongst the nations of the word in developing thou sciences which tend to the happi ness and prosperity of man. The QuEru, who has been present at the two Feat demonstrations at Chobham and Portsmouth Of the progress which the nation has made in the arts of war, closes the present season judiciously, by a similar visit to the greatest demonstration ever made in Ireland to the blessings of the arts of peace. May the visit be of good omen to Ireland. Few in stitutions have as yet worked much good for that country, so rich in all the material elements of wel fare. We appear in early history as the tyraab d Ireland. As we come nearer to modern times. the tyranny diminishes, but the corruption of Goverebist surpasses all bounds. The Church, left with large revenues, in the midst of a population alienated from it. has done scarcely anything for the country in re tarn for the riches it consumes. It has not even preserved the buildings entrusted to its care. We have, in short, for a long time appeared in Ireland as foreigners and muters. Let us hope that a new era "scorning. We have legislated for Ireland lately in a better spirit. We have taken off one by one all the restrictions placed upon native energies. We have shown that there is no disposition in England to exercise any rivalry with Ireland but that which is perfectly honourable and mutually advantageous. The two races are coming into closer contact, and there is a prospect that all jealousy may in time vanish. Few things will better hasten such a than the (host's visit. It has shown that in the heart of the Government the welfaro of Ireland holds a firm place, and that every progress the Irish make will be hailed with satisfaction by the English nation and by their Sovereign. THE SEWING MACHINE. TO THE EDITOR Or THE TIMMS. Sta,—The interest with which the Queen and Prince Albert attend to any new intention of im portance in the arta of life is well known. The last I Tata Saw A CT vNTssas TO Th ESTABLISH THE ROYAL NAVAL Which has been exhibited to them is probably of as ' Co•sr Vox. a netw rs ae an t to d r fo t r he t establishment deep significance , as any that her Majesty has been i of • body or naval coast . yob: transfer . to the navy, in case of need, of seafaring men acquainted with since her accession to the ; 1 ployed in other public services has been printed. It is de throne. The sewing machine may seem to the . f u a o r w eei cn to r ho espedignt to establish and train a body of vo. thoughtless a homely affair enough; but for two years g . _ m e called n, forth aced employed when the past it has been regarded with strong interest by . defence ' of the realm forces,l and w ith to provide r o ti r ie in ie r aid of h e r those who have known anything of its operation in ' NsfestY's na vel navy, upon , like emergency, of seafaring men w ho m ay be America, where it has for some time been in eaten- i employed Aci ipi empoweredany depsrinent of the public service. The sire operation. In that young and prosperous cone tr7 female labour is placed under somewhat the same the 15th Admiralt y is a by n t u h m e b is e ct, which took etreet . on Coat V o l unteer,, " exceeding disadvantages in the market that it is here; and 10,000, to be Plied "The It.iyal t r •fa o r i al mn, among seafaring men and others who o be m dre m ed while the poor needlewomen of London were brought fn.. 'table for the service in which such volunteer s may be en before public observation to elicit the compassion of " yeah, Ev ery e volu b e e tte r . under this act is to be entered for 5 the world there were sempetresses in garrets in Boston, " gag" ' e s tind l exerosed for days in each Masaschusetts, who were earning from 6d. to ls. a day ear n shje m o a r y OS bo ard tr imminent t b i e lational at shirt making. Then the sewing machine came out, danger, her Majesty arty or : P e; t h e c Vo l unteers f into actual service ; they are not to be liabie, wl o ien c c a a l l l l e e l l , ."back - stitching cloth at the rate of a yard per tohe sent beyond 10 0 . leagues from the shore of the United minute," as a recent traveller tells us. At first the Kin gdom. W h hen their service is extended beyond one year, poverty of the sempstresses nas ascribed to the tars machine ; then it was proved to have existed t service e the m en, av have e r e x ttroa hate pay. the wing o e f zeLc i tse and actual and when afloat. They art ly protec a ted t e ro ' na men' from time immemorial ; then it was ex- 1 allowances petted to be aggravated by the machine • lin the Royal Navy and the Militia . Bounty money i s i e tt r o vi ll: may be called inn, service for national and finally the dinovery was made that there ' i paid . m" 1 o th er men ate many employments remaining to be opened to ' p rotection. kW I y Tim N _NCLOSVRE ACTS.— Three inclosure women, , much better for themselves and for societ y Eau were passed in the late section — the last on, the 2 , oth than driving the needle. In the United States, the instant, by virtue of which " Chohham," the scene of the durectton of mechanical invention now tends t o the last encampment, i., to be inclosed. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. The letters from Constantinople which we published yesterday showed the confident expecta tions entertained that the formal vote of the Great Council of State would be for adopting the last edition of the proposal of the Four Powers, drawn up by M. Delacour, and recommended both by that minister and Lord Stratford de Re&liffe. The even ing edition of the Wisner Zezfung of the 27th inst. announces the receipt of a telegraphic message from Constantinople of the 19 , h to the effect that the Porte had adopted "The Vienna proposal 9," it is, added, with slight modifications. By " The Vienna proposals" is most probably meant M.' Delacour's edition, as it was transmitted from Vienna to St. Petersburg, and approved by the Czar. The "slight modifications" may bo mere verbal alterations introduced to conciliate the more stub born members of the Divan. Or perhaps the adop tion of the " Vienna proposals," with " slight modi fications," may be intended to designate M. Ikla cuur's note as tt stood. Conjecture is useless, when a few days will clear up the mystery. A letter from Alexandria of the 17th says :—" A dangerous spirit of fanaticism, excited by the Ulemas, may be noticed amongst the soldiers and Mussulman population, and in some places excesses have been committed; in fact, during the last fifteen dl}ll there have been almost daily disturbances, and the police have not appeared disposed to repress them severely. The Egyptian soldiery especially is very insolent, and the ties of discipline have become re laxed by the negligence of the•officere. The director of the police of Cairo, on the contrary, has by his prudent measures succeeded in preventing any com• motion in that place, and public order is considered secure." An ukase of the sth of August orders that pub licity be given to an imperial declaration respecting a convention concluded between Russia and Bavaria for the benefit of the commercial marine of both states. His imperial highness declares that " through out the lower course of the Danube, from the point where it first enters the Russian territory to its mouth in the Black Sea, Bavarian merchant vessels shall be placed on the same tooting as the merchant vessels of Austria, and shall enjoy the same advan tages as are conceded to the latter." The only ad vantages, so far as we can learn, at present enjoyed by Austrian merchant vesscfs at the mouth of the Danube are the privilege of striking upon the bar which Russian indolence or bad faith has allowed to accumulate. Bavaria will gain little by participation in each an advantage. The Emperor of Russia appears to add to his other high qualities a turn for practical joking. The Trieste journals indulge in speculations re specting the objects of the Russian men-of-war which have touched at Hong Kong. They are supposed to be sent to co-operate with the Americans in bringing the Japanese to their senses. The Journal de St. Petersburg publishes a ukase relative to the navigation of the Danube, by which Bavarian merchant vessels are placed on the same footing as those of Austria in the lower part of the river, which bathes the Russian territory, and Russian mer chant vessels are assimilated in all respects to those of Austria in the upper part of the river which washes the territory of Bavaria. This arrangement is in accord ance with a treaty of navigation lately agreed to be tween Bavaria and Russia. The Trieste Gazette states, on the authority of a letter from Schumla, that 12,000 Albanese, Miri dites, and Greeks, had received permission from Omer Pacha to serve as the advanced guard of the army of the Danube, thus showing the devotedness of the Christians to the cause of the Sultan, and also that the efforts of the Russians to gain partizans among the Christians of Turkey are unavailing. The Paine says:—" The news from Servia . meet re-assuring. The most perfect order reigns through out the country. The number of Austrians en camped at Peterwardein is estimated at 20,000. The Austrian naval division in the waters of Smyrna is about, it is said, to be reinforced by two steamers." FRANCE. PARIS, TUESDAY EVENING. The Bourse has recovered in 'a great measure from the heavy fall of yesterday. It was reported that a telegraphic despatch had been received announcing that the Russian troops had received orders to make their "preparations" for evacuating the Principalities, so that the evacuation might be effected in a few days after the cabinets of St. Petersburg and Con stantinople should have come to an understanding. It has hitherto been said by the partisans of Rus sia, whenever it has been suggested that a difficulty might arise about the expenses of the Russian occu pation, that all who knew the chivalrous character of the Emperor Nicholas must be quite certain that he would never make any pecuniary claim on this account, if the main question were satisfactorily settled. It now, however, appears that this claim is likely to be brought fore ard. The Russian organ, the Auemblee, premising that the Journal Francais of Frankfort has been from the be ginning very well informed on the subject of the Esatern question, quotes the opinion of that journal that Russia will „ very probably" ask for payment of the expenses of the expedition. This, it adds, will however be no obstacle to a settlement, because Austria and the Western Powers will make no objec tion, and Turkey will be obliged to cede, as she has already done, for what can she do abandoned by her allies? Here there is a strong hint, and that in any thing but a chivalrous form, that Russia will claim terbe paid for her own wrong doing. It will perhaps be thought that the contemptuous way in which the , Western Powers are here spoken of, is the natural consequence of the humble position assumed by their I diplomatic representatives. The General Prince de la I .ll3ekowa has arrived in Paris, from Africa. I understand that three leading African generals, Pelissier, MacMahon, and Bosouet, are likely soon to be recalled. They are suspected of Orleanism, and would have been removed from command long since, but that it was not thought adviseable to make changes until the Kabyle campaign was brought to a conclusion. General Yusuf, the Arab, is spoken of as the probable successor of General MacMahon in the command of the division of Constantine. The " Ocean " squadron of evolution is pow com pletely organised. It consists of the first-rate mixed vessel the Montebello, on board of which Vice- Admiral Bruit will hoist his flag until the Napoleon arrives; the second-class ship Hercule; the mixed vessels Austerlitz and Jean Bart; the I)uguesclin, bearing the flag of Rear-Admiral Charner ; the steamer Napoleon, expected from the Mediterranean squadron • the mixed frigate Pomone ; the steam frigate eaffarelli ; the steam corvette Infernal; and the steam corvette Roland. Brest is the rallying point of the squadron, and six of the above vessels have already arrived there. The Prince and Princess Murat are at Marseilles, where they have given a grand dinner to the officers of the American vessel the Cumberland, many of whom are old friends of the Prince. PARILB. MONDAY EVENING. The Presse say* in its weexly commercial review : Although increased activity in manufacturing industry is not yet general, it is so far apparent that we may now con sider tsie dead season at an end. Commerce has almost entirely forgotten the eaOrn question. The moment the eventualities of a war err not to be feared it cares little about secondary questions which diplomacy may yet have to resolve. But the present dullness must be attributed to a totally different cause. It is long since we have seen raw materials and manufactured preduee rule at such high prices. The working classes and even the small bourgeoise, obliged to limit their expenditure on account of the rise in house rent and the dearness of bread, butcher's meat, wine, oil, and all kinds of eatables, buy only what is indispen sable, and deprive themselves of everything not absolutely necessary. The retail dealers complain that they sell scarcely any thing. The fetes of August 15th gave a stimulus for a few days, but business soon cc lapsed into its habitual flatness. This state of things lies more particularly affected objects of luxury. The shopkeepers are compelled more and more to diminish their profits, in order to affect sales. The great manufactures of wool, silk, and cotton, are almost in the acme position. It is known that within the last six months the United States have made important purchases in Europe, and especially in France. It is feared that these euormous importations and the unfavourable change which has taken place in the minetary affairs of New York, may prove injurious to the autumn trade. Mich anxiety has I been fi.lt on account of the continued rise in corn and flour. The speculati , ra, who stood aloof fur some time, have bought enormous quantities of flour in the hope of reselling it at higher prices. Since August 17, flour has risen in the Paris market from 72f. to 90f. the sack. It is feared that the prier of bread must be raised to 95c. the kilogramme, on September 1. hoverer, this rise is erilently eatrara• cant, and if we may credit the moat competent persona the hu reached its apogee. The recent decrees opening he ports cannot fail soon to produce their effect. At Mar *files an enormous quantity of flour from southern Rusoie to already been received. As to the harvest it is really .ndifferent, and it is not to be wondered at that the intelli rence from the various producing countries should have sad a bad effect upon oar markets. The deficiency in France will be upon the whole more than a fourth part of the produce of an average year. The Prefect of the Ras Rhin has ascertained that Alsatia will only yield a half crop of wheat. - - - - - . The Prefect of the Eure has jutted a proclamation prohibiting corn from being sold by sample in hie department, and decreeing that all corn destined for male must be brought in bulk to a public market place. , This extraordinary freak of power is as unauthorised I by any law as it is opposed to common sense and I commercial habits and necessities. The local autho rities have power to make police regulations for mar kets in the interest of public order, and to decide what I may or what may not be a convenient locality for depositing goods, but they have no legal right to in- 1 terfere with a private contract made by a man who does not bring his goods to market at all. It is almost incredible that such a barbarism should be attempted in the 19th century. But there is no limit to the follies now perpetrated under cover of the " principle of authority.' Several prefects and mayors have lately re-enacted the old laws against " regrating and forestalling" which Blackstone classes among the obsolete barbarisms of the middle ages. The object of the Prefect of the Eure is pro bably to make it difficult for farmers to sell their corn, and so to keep it as much as possible in his de partment; but the effect of his decree, if literally acted up.m, would be, that a merchant who receives foreign corn at Havre or Rouen could not agree to supply a miller in the Eure without first at a great expense carrying his corn thither, while perchance he might be losing a better market close at home. If this regulation be lawful and good in the Eure, it might with equal reason be applied to the rest of France, and then it would follow that no sample of corn could be sent from Nantes to Paris, Marseilles to Lyons, or Dijon to Strasburg. The experiments which were announced as about to be made at Havre by commissions of the Institute and of the Minister of Marine, on the hot air machine of M. Ericsson, have taken place, but the report of the commissions is for the present kept secret. A Havre journal states that the experiments were not so conclusive as had been expected, in consequence of the imperfections of the machine, from its having been got up hastily. The guillotine of Rheims was put up for sale by auction, the other day, by eider of the mayor. The upset price was 201., and it was knocked down for 30f. to a young man, who instantly burnt it on the spot. BELGIUM. RIOT IN LIEGE. BRUSSELS, WEDNESDAY. Yesterday evening, a large body of workmen and women assembled, in spite of the rain, on the Quai de la Batte, where a species of corn-market is held. The menacing attitude of numbers amongst them created considerable alarm, and the authorities, apprised of the circumstance, thought proper to call out the gendarmes, who were re ceived with loud hisses. In a few minutes the populous streets in the vicinity sent forth their thoubands of operatives, who in spite of remonstrances and all the attempts of the armed force would not disperse. A manufacbry of arms on the Quai d'Avroy was partly broken open by some of the rioters, and a quantity of fire arms removed. Great excitement has prevailed during the entire morning of this day; but a telegraphic despatch, of 1 p.m., states tint no further disturb ances have occurred. It is to be hoped that the des patch is correct. Intelligence of the affair has been sent off to the King, who is attending the fete at Bruges. SWITZERLAND. The Tickese Gazette publishes a telegraphic de- spatch from Berne, dated the 23rd, stating that the Federal Council has again demanded at Vienna that the blockade of Ticino shall be raised. SPAIN, A royal decree in the Madrid Gazette of the 24th enacts that in order to carry on actively the coining of decimal money for the period at which the me trical established by the law of the 19th of July, 1849, is to come into operation, the mint of Jubm shall be re-established, and all the copper coin belong. tag to the government in Catalonia shall be con veyed to it to be recoined. The decree further enacts that coins of a half real and a demi-decime shall cease to be coined, and that instead of them coins of the same weight of the value of a cuartillo, or 25- hundredths of a real, shall be struck off. The other Madrid journals contain no news. A letter says that the Minister of the Interior is drawing up a pro ject for reducing the number of provinces in the kingdom from 49 to 20, which will be a great saving. The same letter says that the attacks of a certain portion of the English press on the institutions and leading personages of Spain had begun to excite attention in the political circles, and that it was considered impossible to pass them under silence. It characterises some of them as " gross calumnies," and as " malevolent and absurd." The heat had begun to diminish. ITALY. TUSCANY. A letter from Florence of the 22nd, in the Parla ment° of Turin, states that Guerrazzi has at length left Tuscany, but in the most secret manner possible, his brother being the only person who was allowed to see him at Leghorn. CHOLERA. STOCKHOLM, AUGUST 20. A strict quarantine is maintained against all ves sels from Finland. Nevertheless, a rumour is in circulation that the cholera has crept in among us from that quarter. A newspaper from Abo reports that 1,401) cholera cases, of which 600 were fatal, had occurred in Helsingfors. (BT ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.) PORTSMOUTH, WiDxzeDAY, 10 A.m. Arrived, the Mudslus, 20, Captain Wellesley, from Plymouth, with a freight from the Pacific, which she will leave here. (lIT ELECTRIC TELIORAPE.) FALMOUTH, WEDNESDAY - - .. • The Brisk, for Jamaica, with the Governor Sir G. Burbly on board, left Falmouth yerterday. The Leopard steamer on the same day put is for de spatches fur the fleet, and shortly after proceeded. CRAIRMANSIMP O' TILE LONDON AND NORTII WEItTERN.—It is "now " stated that the chairmanship of this line, so unsettled since the retirement of Mr. Glyn, will be accepted by the Marquis of Chandoe. THE GREAT INDIAN PENINSULAR RAILWAY COM PANY have received an intimation from the India•house that they will be allowed to make an addition to their capital of 1,500,0001. Their present capital is 500,0001., which has been found sufficient to construct the experimental line of 35 miles from Bombay to Caitlin, and on which 5 per cent. interest is guaranteed. Of the fresh sum to he created 500,0001. is for a con , inuation of the experimental line to Bhawpoor, a further distance of 18 miles, the guaranteed interest in this case being Mao 5 per cent. Tho remaining 1,000,0001. is to enjoy a guarantee of 41, per cent., and to be employed for the commencement of two main lines—one to proceed south-east to l'oonah, and the other north-east to Kandeish, it being understood that, while the newly-pro jected Central ludic' Railway Company are to survey • ratite for a junction with the Bengal Railway at Agra, by way of Baroda, the Great Indian Peninsular Company are to perform a similar service for a junction at Allahabad or Mirzapur°. The next meeting of the company will be held in October, when the new shares will be issued to the exist ing proprietors at the rate of one Si. share guaranteed .5 per sent., and ono 101. share guaranteed 41 per cent. for every , here at present held. AMERICA, ARRIVAL OF THE ARCTIC. LIVERPOOL, TeESI,II% At 5 o'clock this afternoon the United States mail steam-ship Arctic entered the Mersey with the United States and British North American mails. The Arctic sailed from New York on the 20th inst. and has made a fine run across the Atlantic of about 10 days. Besides the mails she has brought about 110 passengers, but no specie. The royal mail steamer America reached Boston on the 18th inst. The United State mail steamer Pacific, from hence on the 10th, was passed by this Arctic off New York. The Royal Mail steamer Asia, which sailed from this port on Saturday for New. York, was passed by the Arctic on the 29th. Since the sailing of the Niagara the temperature had moderated at New York, and deaths from sun stroke had ceased. The advicts from New Orleans represent the fever as unabated in virulence. The daily victims to the pestilence still continued to exceed 200. Business continued dull up to the departure of the steamer, and the stock market was depressed. Much anxiety was manifested to learn the result of the Turkish question. Western Ganal flour was very firm at 3 dols. to 5 dole. 12,1 e. per ham]. Genessee prime wheat was operated in at 1 dol. 32c. to 1 dol. 31c. per 601 tis Indian corn, round yellow, 72c. to 1-Ic. per bushel, and very firm. Indian meal, 3 dols. 121 c. to 3 doh'. 23e. per barrel. _ _ _ The cotton market at New York continued in a depressed condition, owing to the news brought out by the America respecting the Eastern question. Sales could not be made except at a reduction, which holders generally had submitted to. New Orleans and Mobile,mid. fair to fair, ruled at 12 to 121 cents. per lb., showing a fall of 1 cent.; Uplands, mid. fair to fair, 11 to 121. The crop accounts were un fitrourable. The provision market had continued to improve, and a steady demand had been established, with firm prices. Freights were unchanged at the steamer's de parture, the asking rates being : Flour to Liverpool, 2s. 9d. to :ls. per barrel ; grain, 7d. to 71d. per bushel; cotton, 5-16 d. to 4d. per lb. Exchange on London was at 109 to 1091, with a quiet market ; Paris, 5.11 to 5.161 ; Hamburg, 361 to 361 ; Bremen, 791 to 791. OPINIONS ON ADVERTISLNO. BARNUM'S RULES FOR SUCCESS IN BUSINESS. RULE 8. ADVERTISE YOUR BUSINESS. DO YDT BIDE YOUR LIGHT UNDER A BUSHEL.—Whatever your occupation or calling may be, if it needs support from the public, advertise it thoroughly and efficiently, in some shape or other, that will arrest public attention. I freely confess that what success I have had in life may fairly be attributed more to the public pries than to nearly all other causes combined. There may possibly be occupations that do not require advertising, but 1 cannot well conceive what they are. Men in business will some times tell you that they have tried advertising, and that it did not pay. This is only when advertising is done spar. ingly and grudgingly. lloinceapathic doses of advertising will not pay perhaps—it is like half a portion of physic— making the patient sick, but effecting nothing. Administer liberally, and the cure will be sure and permanent. Some say " they cannot afford to advertise ;" they mistake—they cannot afford nut to advertise. In this country, where everybody reads the newspaper:, the man must have a thick la dots oat see that these are the cheapest and best medium through which he can speak to the public, where he is to find his customers. Put on the appearance of husi ness, and generally the reality will follow. 'the farmer plants his seed, and while he is sleeping his corn and pota toes are growing. So with advertising. While you are sleeping or eating, or conversing with one set of cugamers, your advertisement is being read by hundredsand thousands of persons who never saw you, nor heard of your business, and never would, had it not been for your advertisement appearing in the newspapers. But it needs nerve and faith—the former to enable you to launch out thousands on the uncertain waters of the future; the latter to teach you that, after many days, it shall purely return, bringing an hundred or a thousandfold to him who appreciates the ad vantages of printers' ink properly applied.—Freedley's Practical reeniue on Business. ACCIDENTS ON RAILWAYS. TO THE EDITOR OP THE EXPRESS. SlR,—The extraordinary notice issued by the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Company to each pas senger that they will nut be answerable for any accident to the person, deserves more discussion than it has yet re ceived at the hands of the press. For a long time previous to the year 1830 stage-coach proprietors and carriers issued notices that they would not be responsible for parcels or luggage, and, as the " common law" seemed to favour that exemption, the legislature stepped in, and by the Carriers' Act of 1830 declared that stage-coach proprietors and car riers should be liable for luggage and parcels,notwithstanding any notice issued by them, up to 101., but above 101. value they should be liable if an insurance rate were paid. The present step to adapt the old common law to damage to the person, is novel in its application, al though the idea seems to have been promulgated in 1844 in " Nash's Railway and Carrier's Law," where the author seriously advises that such a notice should be given with each passenger ticket, as well as with each receipt for goods. The Court of Exchequer hu lately given countenance to this limitation of liability, but it remains to be seen if the legislature will be long before it steps in and declares that " notwithstanding any notice the companies shall be liable for loss or damage," as it did declare in 1830, and again when it passed Lord Campbell's act for compensation when death ensued—an act which the " notice" given by the company lets at defiance, and if that be tolerated the exempla will soon be followed by all companies. Hoping this may be worthy of public notice, I am yours, &c., A VICTIM. Strand, Tuesday. _ . ATTEMPTED SVICIDE.—A case of family embroil- complete tea of merry faces all round the platform. ment took place recently in Belfast between parties in a Those who had seen the royal reception of 1819, could not respectable line of life, which very nearly terminated but feel both surprise and pleasure at the improved appear fatally. A commercial traveller and his wife, both ante of the people, both in countenance and costume, foreigners, have been residing at lodging; and Sunday affording, as it did, u most gratifying contrast to the pic evening, after dinner, some conversation ensued between Lure exhibited in the terrible famine year. The scene was them, the effect of which was to excite in the lady deep feelings of jealousy. The gentleman threw himself on a now animating in the extreme. A crowd of brilliant ui::- sofa, and fell into • sleep, and the lady lett the house, forms followed her Mujoity at a respectful distance; the having first written a note, which she left on the table, guard of honour, which formed two sides of a triangle to with her gold watch and jewellery. The poor woman re- protect the platform from undue pressure, presented arms ; paired to Prince's Dock, about nine o'clock, into which she and the fine band of the 46th Regiment equek up the threw herself, and from which her rescue was almost miracu lous. Three boys had been in a boat down the river, and were national anthem. Her Majesty could not restrain her returning,wheu a cry was raised of a body in the water. They laughter at many of the expedients which her Irish subjects pulled to the place indicated, and one of them succeeded in had adopted for the gratification of their loyal curiosity. securing a hold of the poor woman's dress, and with great Among others, they hail taken possession of several huge difficulty she was taken out. She was quite insensible, and it was the general opinion that she was dead. She was cranes that surround the landing, clustering to the immediately conveyed by one of the constables, aided by top lite so many bees, and hanging in dozens out of the others, to the general hospital, where proper means were pendant portions of the chains, which, as they oscillated to adopted to resuscitate her, and fortunately with effect. At and fro, rendereeli the waving of hate and handkershiefs, a late hour last night she was recovering, and continued it, and similar loyal demonstrations, a service of some slight a fair way. Iler husband had been searching for her through the town, immediately on his reading her note, but danger. Her Majesty, having entered the railway station, in vain. He called at the police-office, with a view to was greeted with a fresh ovation, as every available space obtain assistance, and it subsequently turned out that the was filled with elegantly dressed ladies, who waved their object of kis search was then in the general hospital, under cambric handkerchiefs in a perfect fur,re of enthusiasm the circumstances detailed above.—Beffnel Mercury. for their female Sovereign. At this juncture curiosity had FATAL ACCIDENT AT LONGUOPE.—An accident nigh got the better of politeness and due respect, as the ocurred at a stone quarry near the llopebrook tunnel on 1 the Hereford, Ross, and Gloucester Railway, on Monday well-dressed crowd, more eager than the masses, closed morning last, by which a quarry man, named James Green, round the Queen, and the royal servants had some little lost his life. It appeared that the deceased and several trouble in preserving a sufficient apace clear for her Majesty other men were employed on Monday morning getting out to walk to her carriage. The state carriage in which her the stone flora the quarry for the purpose of its being used in the building up of the side of the tunnel. The Majesty took her seat is an elegant structure, men commenced work at five o'clock, and the deceased coloured externally in royal blue, std arranged in having put a quantity of powder in the blast-hold, nearl y the interior as a gorgeous saloon, lined with rich three feet deep, and lighted the fuse, the alarm was given, tabaret and containing all the appliances of and the whole party retreated to the top of a bank, about j 66 yards from the place at which the explosion was about a regal drawing-room. The Lord-Lieutenant and to take place. Oec of the men, who was standing nearer Countess St. Germans were honoured with seats in the the blast than the deceased, saw a large stone coming to- royal carriage, and three other carriages were attached. in wards him, and avoided it by bobbing his head, but the which were the royal suite, the railway directors, and the stone fell upon the deceased's head, knocking in his skull, representatives of the London press, who hate to make and scattering his brains about. The poor fellow was taken their acknowledgments to the company for the special ac to a house near at hand. where he died about six hours after the catastrophe occurred. An inquest was held on the commodation with which they were favoured on this occa body, before J. Lovegrove, Esq.. when the shove facts hay- !ion. The train idiot like an arrow from the platform, ing been fully inquired into, a verdict of " Accidental travelling at the rate of GO miles an hour, and was cheered death" was returned.—Glouces• er Chronicle. all the way to town by the crowds of people who covered TIIE ABERDEFIN CLIPPER-BUILT SIIIP CAIRNGORM. —The overland mail has brought us accounts from the the eminences on sit • Straits of Sunda up to the 2nd of July, by which we find row terminus, her Majesty found an elegant waiting-room :net side. On arriving at the Westland , that the Aberdeen clipper-built ship Cairngorm, Captain prepar e d for her reception—an apartment which, considering John Robertson, had passed through, having made the run r the abort tit ,e in which it had been prepared, reflected from Lisbon in 60 days. This is another proof that our great credit on the railway directors, and the artisans to r ship-builders simply want encouragement to compete moat successfully with our American friends or any other naticn. whom WI execution had been entrusted. This really VOr Court. HOLYHEAD ! Avourr 28. Early this morning the Trinity yacht, with Capt. Shepherd and the Elder Brethren of the Trinity Hume, joined her Majeity's squaile.n in thi. harbour. Divine service was performed on board the V.etoria and Albert this forenoon, her Majesty, the Royal Fatuity, and the suite, with the officers and linen of :toe ,hips' cm. luny, being present. In the afternoon her Majesty and Prince Albert, with the Prince of Wake and Prineo Alfred, landed on the new pier and Breakwater, now in course of formation under the direction of Mr. Bendel!, who was present to receive them and explain the nature of the work. The royal pary after wards drove by the quarries to the South Stack Lighthouse, where her Majesty alighted to enjoy the view of the Cliffs, and they. returned on hoard the yacht. Prince A!bert, with the Prince of Wales and Prince Alfred, ascended the Lighthouse, and made on inspection of the building and n.schinery, which is under the charge of the Trinity Board (~t which Ilia Royal Highness is toe Master) accompanied by Captain Shepherd, the Deputy Muter, and some of the Elder Brethren. Tee Hon. W. 0. Stanley and Captain Shepherd had the honour of dining with her Malmo,' on board the Royal Yacht in the evening. DUBLIN, Aroesr 20. The Royal Squadron, under the command of Cummo dare Lord Adolphus Fitzzlareuce, consisting of the Victoria and A,bcrt, the Fairy, vie Black Eagle, the Terrible, the Barracoute, the Encounter, and the Banshee, wits the Trinity Yacht in company, put to sea this morning at a quarter bmbre three and sailed for Kingidown Harbour, here the Royal Yacht anchored at 8 o'clock, followed by the other vessels. The Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, accompanied b 7 the Ciuntess of St. Germ 11115 immediately come on ffiard to receive her Majesty'a comnuinds. At a quarter past tea a loyal address from the gentlemen oi tar county of Dublin woo presented to ber Maj• sty by Viscount St. Lawrence, the high sheriff, and Lieut.-Colonel Taylor and Mr. J. Hamilton, the members for the county. At hali-put ten her Majesty and Prince A:bert, with the Prince of Wales and Prince Alfred, attended by the Duchess of Wellington, the Hon. Mary Dunce), the Ent Granville, :the Marquis of Breadalbane, the [Lc. C. B. Phipps, the Hon. Co:onel Grey, and the lion. Lieut., Colon. l Gordon, :ended at the Kingstown Pier, and entered the railway carriage, for Dublin. Upon binding, her Majesty woe received hy Lord John Deresford, the Lord Primate of Ireland; Dr. Whateiy, toe Archbishop of Dublin; the Duke of Leinster ; the Right I ton. 11\1•AriCre Brady; the Lord Chancellor of I re l an d • t h e Right lion. F. Blarkburite ; the Right Hem. Sr E. Blake ney, Commander of the Forces in Ireland ; the Right Hon. James Henry Mcnahan,Chief Justice of Common Pleas; the Right lion. Sir J. Young, Chief Secretary for Irei.tod; and the Earl of Howth, Lieutenant of the County of Dublin. At the Dublin terminus of the railway the keys of the ity of Dublin were Lao - seated to her Majesty by toe Lord Mayor and the memb :rs of the corporation. The royal party then entered carriages and drove through Dublin to the Viceregal Lodge, attended on horseback by Sir Edward Blakeney and Major Cochrane, wils their re spective staffs, and an escort of cavalry, cocain-Aided by Major Pattie, of the 1G;li Lancers. The Princess Royal, the Princess Alice, and the Princess Helena, attended by the Master of the Househo;il, arrivA at Buckingham Palace yesterday evening from Osborne, Isle of Wight, en route for Balmoral. A deputation from the ratepayera of Crumpsall had an interview yesterday 0 ith the General Board of llealth, at their offices, Whitehall. The deputation, which WAS intro duced by the lion. C. P. Villiers, M.P. for Wdlyi rhaalp ton, consisted of Mr. Joseph Simpson and Mr Roliert Wyatt. TILE ROYAL VISIT TO IRELAND. ENTRY INTO DUBLIN. vituu Ol'it OWN REPONTER.) MUNLAY, AI:GrBT 29. The exigencies of the electric telegraph rendered our tirst announcement of her Majesty's arrival in her Irish capital so brief, that a more detailed narrative of so interesting an event will hardly be considered a mere work of supererogation. Certain it is, that if the English public take half so much interest in her Majesty's movements as her Irish subjects seem to do, it would be a difficult task to fatigue them with details of the royal progress. As is generally the ease on tours like the present, her Majesty took her hosts by surprise, and but for a *shim sieal accident, would have had to laed unat tended, and to walk to the railway station on bare boards, instead of the handsome foot-loth of scarlet, which, with great difficulty, was got reeoy in time. Various reports had preceded the arrival of the squadron, but the last and most generally received was that it might be expected about eleven o'clock. However, at ' about seven in the morning a long line of smoke weal seen stretching across the bay, and at eight the thunders of La Hotue's heavy guns announced that the Victoria and Albert wile entering the harbour. The excitement of course was tremend , us. All the yachts were immediately decked out with signal colours, salutes were fired from ordnance of all imaginable calibres, and the royal yacht shot round at once to the jetty, amid the cheers of the people and the confusion of the constituted authori ties. The whimsical circumstance before alluded to came, however, to the rescue—her Majesty fortu nately discovered that there was a difference of half anshour between London and Dublin time, and generously gave the benefit of the longitudinal variation to her hosts. This gave time for laying down the scarlet cloth, tastefully arranging the bunting, and collecting the scattered tunes tionarieli whose duty it was to attend the roy it landing. Amongst the first arrivala were the Lord Lieutenant and the Countess of St. Germans, who were most graciously re ceived by the Queen, her Majesty affectionately saluting the countess instead of the ordinary formal reception. The Lord Mayor and corporation were soon in attendance in official costume, as were also the Duke of Leiuster, the Primate, the Archbishop of Dublin, the Lord Chancellor, Earl of Erne, Lord St. Lawrence, Sir E. Blakeney, Mr. Alderman Roe, chairman of the Exhibition committee, and several other personages of local or official importance. The veteran Lord Gough and Lady Gough were amongst the early arrivals on the platform, and it was pleasing to see how well the hero of Sobraon looked after his brilliant although arduous campaign!. At Ilia time the weather was warm and genial, a soft haze toned down, without obscuring the I general tableau, and everything concurred to give an auspicious commencement to the day's proceedings. At ten minutes to 10 the royal standard was lowered on board the Victoria and Albert, the yards of the squadron were manned, and a royal salute announced that her Msjesty bad stepped out upon the platforms. Her Majesty looked exceedingly well in her plain white dress, as did also Prince Albert, whose only decoration was the blue ribbon of the order of the garter. The appearance of the royal couple on shore was the signal for a fresh burst of cheering, and the crowd, which now amounted to nearly fifty thousand people, presented a