The Express. — London, England, 1848-02-19 00:00:00

THE WORMS SATURDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 19, 1848. can in ray opinion, be purer than the patriotism' of that Doke of e f f e lli ngton —(hear, bear)—and when I speak of patriotism I ,- do not mesa that instinctive feeling hieh prompts a man to love his country Ocoee all others. To the Duke of Wel lington'e patriotism there has always been joiued an opinion which I share most cordially with him, that one of the rea sons why it waa most desirable the independence of England should he maintained was, because that independence was a guarantee for the and civilisation of Europe, and of the other countries of the world. (Hear, hear.) No man, car, is justified or indeed is able to east blame on the Duke of Wellington, if he expressed his opinion in e wsy I state it to heve been conveyed (hear, hear): and s ahould think it quite unneces airy to defend him, or to refer to the subject of hie letter, if it had not been that I have the misfortuus in the first place to differ from some of his opierons ; is. the second place to have become cognisant et the tact, that not only foreigners, but also many persons in this country, base mistaken his views ; and lastly, that however strong his cause may be,he has always scorned to have recourse to self defence. hav ing said thus much respecting the Duke of Wellington's letter, I will now refer to the four different points of view in which I regard it. With respect to the first supposition that has been expressed, thst namely of the probability , of our being iuvolved in a war, which unhappily, notw standing the existing peace, is a contingency that no one can deny the existence of -.—Since the g. eat mace of 1815 we have had questions with the United States, Russia, Franceman , a nd other foreign powers , which, if they had not been aged with the utmost forbearance on both si les, might have led to a rupture and to a state of war. Even so late as the year 1844, at a moment when our relations with France were of the most friendly description, a quedion arose of the most deeply compromising character to those relations. Au insult was offered to &civil officer of the British Crown at a distant station, and some hesitation was displayed by France in making a reparation for that insult. The right t hen, baronet opposite ( Sir R. Peel) , who was then Fi Lord of the Treasury, spoke in this house respecting that transaction in language which was no only jus ti fiable but necessary ; and yet I ha te been sured by Frensh gentle men of g reat judgment and political knowledge the' the language merle use of by the right hon. baronet on that OCV.V.IOII had rendered it difficult for the government of France to tender the necessary repa l - ration. If that was the case upon the onmien to which refer, what circumstances might not daily arise to bring about a similar difficulty, and what a degree of susceptibility does it not show to exist on the part both of England and France, which, possessing great strength, are acutely alive to any occurrence which may tarnish their honour. When such slight accidents as these arise to threaten the existence of peace, how little is it in the power of the executive go- Varnment to foresee the moment at which that peace may not be disturbed. I cannot, therefore, but admit, that how ever tranquil the aspect of our foreign relations may be there is always a possibility that a rupture may occur: and when I recollect at r. Pitt, with all his sagacity, predicted, i th n th M o year 1792, a long peace, I cannot discover any reason why Englan is d the present time ought not to be on the look-out for the contingency of a war breaking out, nor is it other than im posaible for me to foresee the moment at which such an event may suddenly occur. With regard to the second point which I adverted to—namely, the, danger of au invasion al though I am not one of them who either dr. ad or antici pate suck an event, yet however improbable it may be deemed, it is one to be guarded against. During the course of three hundred veers as any reed Tof history will ri tidily recollect, these have been , numerous occasions en which in vasions of England have been projected and at tempted. The elements on more than one of those occasion have stood our friends, and expeditiens fitted out with the greatest care and equipped most completely have teen defeated by adverse winds, and the armaments intended for our destructioe have been scat tered and destroyed. (Hear, hear.) But the science and skill which have been exercised of late years, since the gene ral peace of 1813, hove enabled our oaitors to traverse theses against the wind and tide, and, in deft nice of the elements, to conduct a vessel across the seas. Other nations are pos sessed of the same advantages; and it is possible that a hostile force may, under such appliances, be conducted into our harbours or appear on our coasta. With regard to the thud point—namely, that pre parations for war have been made by foreign nations and by France in puticular, it must be re collected that of late years, and since the revolution of 1830, that country has been governed by a King who is, I believe, a sincere lover of peace ; notwithstanding that he has during the whole of his reign, maintained an increased and an increming force. That increase cannot be said, as in our own case, to be neces tectfor the defence of ide colonial poesessio or to pro an ex tended comme r cial navy, scattered over ns, the ocean, and laden with vast riches. Neither the extent of the French colonies, nor the extent of the commerce of that country, re quire such a large increase in her forces as I find to have taken place within the last few years. In the yearlB33, I find that the increase in the naval conscription watt 101,000 men. In 1847 the conscription for the navy was 134,000 men, The effective force of marines in 1833 was 11,000, and in 1817 it had increased to 20,000. The value of the annual consump tion of material increased frnm 610,0001. io 1833 to 820,0001. in 1847. The number of 'nimbi at sea in 1833 amounted to 1.53, and in 1817 to 216. (Hear, hear.) Of this number, 66 were steamers at sea; the wh to force of steamers in the French navy being 111. The number of seamen increased during the same peeled from 16,807 to 29,00, and the ex jenditure from 2,280,0001. to 3 . 902,3201. T he amount of Mores now afloat is 3,000,0001., and the amount in the French arsenals, and in preparation, are in proportion. But then, I am told that in the French estimates for the present year there has been a reduction. It is true that in the naval estimates there has beer, a reduction or savin: to the amount of 81,0001. in the wages of seamen, but then there has been an increase of 112,0001. in stores for the fortifications and dock yenta, making altogether this year an increase of 31.0001., and no diminution of expense. (Hear, hear.) I have here another statement respecting the navy of the French, with which it is not worth while troubling the house, but it shows the whole sum voted for the army and navy for the year 1849 to be 3,817,1071. Now Ido not allude—and lam sure the house will hold me right in that respect, to what urty be the military forces of foreign powers. (Hear, hear ) Ido not allude to what may be the numbers of the standing army of France, or Austria, or Prussia, or any other foreign country, but when I see a great increase in the naval estimates of another country, then I think the subject requir es attention, and should be placed within the knowledge of this house and the country. (Hear, hear.) But, sir, there is—of course I need not say so, for every one has heard the statement — there is eleven in number of these French steamers which would carry twelve or fifteen hundred men each, and which might be prepared for the business of transport in a very 'short time. I come now to the fourth point, which is this, that while the French force has been thus iitcreased—while we have been expasal to this danger, which may even ruin England, all on a sudden destroy our cantles, ~r lead to the occupation of the capital, there has been uo adequate naval or military preparation going on on our part. Now I do g the house to attend to what has heen made a matter of reproach by some hon. members, and which ought to be a source of consolation to those who are co fearful that our forces can never be made sufficiently great. I shall tell both the inereruse of force we have msde since 1815, or, rather, I should say, in two particular years. My right hon. friend the Chancelicr of the Exchequer stated in 1836, that in one year there was an increase of 6,000 seamen. The right hon, gentleman opposite, when he came into office in 1845, further increased the number by 4,500. The e hole increase in seamen, boys, and marines has been, from 15,500 seamen in 1835 to 27,500 in 1418, boys to 18,000, and marines from 9,000 to 13,500, making an mien ase in all from 2 6 , 600 in 1833 to 43,000 in 1848. The army has heirs increased from 100,991 to 138,769, making an increase of 37,778. The ord nance has been increased from 8,252 men in 1836 to 14,294, being an increase of 6,072. So that the whole of our re gular force, army, navy, and ordnance, has been increased from 133 742 mtn in 1835 to 196,063 in 1848. being an in crease of 60,321 in that period of time. I have now stated every item of increase. I think that our force was inadequate in 1835, and that, therefore, those items of increase have been very properly voted by this house ; but, at all events, it cannot he said that there has been any neglect or unerillineness on the part of this house to vote what were deemed necessary estimates. (Hear, hear.) There have been also of late years other kinds of force which have been drilled and organised, and which, , I believe, will he found, in case of the necessity arising, meet useful and effectual. Under the late government 15,000 old soldiers of the line were organised as peurioners. Ureter the present government there have been enrollee dockyard batta lions, a very efficient force I believe. and amounting to 8,873 men thus composed : Artillery, 2,843; boat indentions, 2,016; infantry, 3,428 ; sappers an d miners, 686. The number of guns allotted to this force is—field pieces, 168 ; ship gum, 144 ; battery guns, 336, worked by the artillery ; and 431 worked by the infantry ; making in all 1,080 guns. A great part of this force could at any time he sent to another part of the kingdom with their field piece. ' supposing that part in which they are sta tioned not to be thre item d. Viers has likewise been a plan for organising and drilling the coast guard, and in adding to that force tele r men who, for a certain small &trustiest of pay attend on eertsin days for drill, and will make, as I believe, a very I Mai, nt force, the I coast guard being 2,000 and the supplemental force 6.000 men. Ido not thick, therefore, that on the ground of the number of men, there has been any unwillingness on the part of the governments of the different periods to which I have al luded, or on the part of this house, to make adequate provi -6011 for the national defence. (Hear, hear.) The amounts voted have incred at least in propo confining rti .n t r the number of' men I have sta ted ;so much so that, my.elf to the serious items of army, navy, and ordnance, the est mates have increased from 11,730,0731. in 1835, to 17,3100361. in 1848. The question then to which I come is this ' whether we should now make a very great reduction in our forces, whether we should, taking the opposite view, make a very large increase, or whether we should continue adding from time to time to such parts of that force as may seem to the geeerntnent and the country to require increase, resting satisfied with such additions and alterations as may be suited to circumstances. Our view is, that, in the first place, considering the position of this country, considering her immense empire, the num ber of colonies which have been added to hat empire, the various great changes in our military force, the possibility of war, the duty of this country to defend herself, and to maintain our independence, it would not be wise to endeavour to make our expenditure equal to our income by any large reductions. (Cheers.) On the other hand, we ate no less of opinion that there is no reason for sudden alarm or precipitate preparation. (Hess, hear.) Our belief is, that, taking the different forces you have of navy, army, and ordnance, with moderate additions to certain parts of these services, this cossitry will be in a fit state of defence, and thereby obtain the best security for ace. (Hear, hear.) I say security for peace , because I I coneider that the object of all these armaments is toide obtain what that security. (Hear, hear.) Let any one consr would be the effect, in case there was such an accident as I have alluded to la 1844, concurrently with ouch au unfortu nate state of relations between this county and a actual increase in the estimates of last year wee n0t932,700 1 ., but only 314,200 1 . The preeent government. in the year before last, made an alteration in the mama. d duties, the result of whic h bad been a very Vett increive in the revenue derived from those duties. In 1845, the revenue derived from the sue ar in 1. 1846, 8 848, 47, duties was 3,574,00 01 ; in 1846, 3,673,0001.; and ithwith 4,414,000 k, exhihitiug or e increase, as compared erect w of, in round numbere, 840, 0001 . , and, as censp 1 of 541,7801. (Hear, hear.) Thus, under the head of the sugar duties, did the revenue Increase concurrently with • diminished impost upon the individual consumer, I will now proceed to refer to a paper which is in eathd of the o f F e balance-sheet of this year, presd on the 3rd of February. From that balance -sheet it will appear that there is an extras of expeneiture rent vest of 2,9.56,6831. But in reference to this apparent excise of expenditure,. I would impress upon the committee that among the stuns in serted on the side of expenditure, there is a considerable portion of the grant made to reiieve Irish &streets, amounting to 1,523.000 1 . ; and I would explein among the receipts there is the sum of 440,0001. under the bead of China money, which amount, in stead of haring been received here, was stopped, on its way to England, at the Cape of (had Hope, end placed in the militar chest for the purports of the K ifflr war. Deducin theta two sums from the apparent exceu o expenditur e f expenditu theg real excess of expenditure over income would he only 981,683/. I will now advert to the estimates under the differet sources of revenue, wich were set forth by my right hon. n friend in his budget last year, and the sums which, as well as we eau now calculate, approximately, will be received under those heads, taking the wh do year up to the sth April next. The revenue estimated by my right hon. friend as to be derived from the outwits was 20,000,000/.; the sum we now esti mate to be roc iced (rem these duties is 19,774,6001. The estimate in relation to the excise duties was 1)300,0001 ; the estimate we have now formed is 13.310 0001 ; the tate mate in relation to the ramps was 7,400.000 g. : our pusent estimne is 7,150,0001 ; the estimate of taxes was 4,330,0001. ; we now calculate that the taxes will produce 4,340,0001.; the income tax, it was thought, would Yield ,300,0001., w new ex pees from it 5,450,0001.; the Post-016 , rewsipts we net down at 8.0,0001 , the present estimate is 923.0001 ; the crown lands we esti mated would produce 120.0001 , we now anticipate from this source 60,0001. ; u nder the head of miscelin h ous the esti mite was 3,30,0001 , our present calculation is 3,240,0001. The whole estimate from these various sources made by my right how friend was 52,065,0001., tne estimate now formed being only 51,362,063.. This, no doubt, is a considerable aagoearrtenntafavh,inaitiff i ose e n re th u e m rly n eaue cee which at the m sa e ru n e tio ti n nz : to the dreadful scarcity in Ireland, to the commercial panic, to the very sudden and extreme [am use cnges whiche ssa hve ra ta the en place in the course of the year, c o nch t felling-off in the revenue appears to me to be less than mieht have been expected under some meth circumstances. (Hear, hear.) I will expected take of the in which there has been a falling of, and some of thee items in which there has been a t. increase my state ments in reference tweet% eh apply, of course, only to the sth of January last past, while the more general estimates which I have stated refer to the year ending the sth of April next. Of articles from which an increased revenue h u been de rived there are mellows, on which there tors b en an in crease of 31,4111 • sugar, on which there hes been an in crease of 540.000/. ; Mitt, on which there has been an in crease of 64,000/. butter and cheese, on which there has been an increase of 24,0001. ' • and tobacco, on which th ere has been an increase of 111,0201. Ott the other hand, there has been, as of course was to have been • wane a decrease in the duty on corn of 705,8901 ; on timber, of 143,7511. ; and on wines, of 132,3611. With respect to the excise duties, there has been the large decrease on ditties on spirits of 693,0001 , and on malt of 664,00')1 —or together,l,3s9,oo ol . But the amount of ex penlitur.• actually voted, toteetht rwith the sums which I have shown were nit included in the budget, was 52,315,709/., whilst the estimated receipt' were 51,362,0601., leaving a deficiency of 953,6191. I shall now proceed to state what I calculate will be the produce of the different articles which constitute the revenue, during the year commenting in April, 180, awl eating in April, 1849 ; and I take these different items from the usual sources, and calculate their amount in the manner always adopted on the 0e2314001. The Wowing is the estimete which I se hare form: el of the revenue of the ensuing financial year Customs, 19,740,0001. ; excise, 13 000,0001. This item I have estimated it a somewhat higher amount than is shown by the returns furnished up to Jaeuary lest, because the constimpti et of malt and spirits may he expected to increase in the teeming year. Stage cache , I have evest i mated at 500,0001. ; stamps at 7,200,0001 ; tax at 4,310,000/. The inc o me tax, which in 1846 was estimated at 5,0840001 , and in 1847 at 5,464.0001., I have taken, during the mating year, at 5,200,0001 The Post-office, which, in the year ending April 5, 1818, will have produced 922,0001., is estimete.l to realise, in 1849,900,0001. The actual amount paid into the exchequer on account of the crown in 1817-8 is estimate'! at 60,0001. ; I have set it down at the same amount for the ensuing year. The miscellaneous esti mates, in 1847-8, amouated to 325,0001, which includes a sum pea in on aecmint of lions. of Commons fees; I have set them down at 300,0002 The whole of these different items constitute a prospective revenue for the enseine finan cial year of 51,250,0001. I should state to the h ouse that for several years post there has been a regular decrease in the amount ree-eyed of China money, and that now there are ne hopes of any more being paid. (Considerable laughter.) Taking the whole amount of the expenditure as voted last year at the estimated sum of 52,315,7091., and the receipts as already enumerated at 51,230,0001., there will exist a deficiency between the receipts and expenditure of the ensuing year of 1,68e,7091. That is to Fey, the deficiency which I have stred will exish supposing the expenditure is the same a last year. But there is also a large sum to he voted for the excess of the navy expenditure during the year 1847, and also the sum of 1,100,0001. required to defray the expenses of the Kaffir war. '1 hose two items constitute • total amount of 1,345,4001., which, added to the deficiency of 1.065,7001, which will exist, supposing we maintain our establishments on their present footing, will constitute a total deficiency in the revenue of 2,411,2001. Now, sir, I have wished to lay the foregoing statement of the finances before the House of Commons at this early pe riod, in order that the house may take into its scoot deep and serious consideration the state of the finances and the circum stances of the country, and from those two elements to come to some resolve with respect to the c mese which shall seem most befitting to the interests and the credit of the country to pursue. There are varietal courses open for Us to take. All that I intend doing to-night is to propen e . to the house that course which the government his deemed it he t to pur sue under W. circumstanceele wing it open to the deliberation of the house whether the prepositions which we bring forward are worthy of adoption, or if wit, what other raurse will be most suitable to the circumstances of our financial position, and to the future welfare of the country. And, sir, it can not but strike every one who looks into the facts which I have detailed, that there is a great question involved in the existing stite of our finances —namely, that we must either supply the deficiency which I have pointed out, by increasing our taxation e or else that we must come to a resolution to the e ff ect that we can make very great reiuction% in our military and naval establishments, whereby we shall be enabled to retiree the expenditure of the country, and thus meet the current demand upon the revenue, without being obliged to have r.course to in creased taxation. Those, sir, are the subjects which I have wished the house to take into its consideration, and it now becomes my duty to state what views the government entertains upon threw questions. (Hear, hear.) Sir, there have been, I think, extreme opinions held awl expressed out of doors on the subject of our national defences. These opinions comprise . on the one hand, as it appears t o me, four different preposit ions. First, that we may at any moment of time be suddeely involved in a war ; second, that we were liable to an invasinn ; third, diet the foreign powers, and particularly France, had been mekieg great military prepa rations of late ; and, fourth, that our defences were at the present moment totally inadequate to offer any effectual re sistance es the event of any attack or iovasion being sud denly made. On the other Wind, it has been urged that we are at this moment in a state of profound peace with the continental powers, and that oar relations with Fran e in par tinder are most friendly, so that an invasion on her part is the must improbable occurrence that could have been suggested. It has likewise been stated that all these cireu stances were arguments for the reduction of the expenditure, and that the establiehmetes of the country were not only not upon a low footing, but were, on the coetrary, extravagantly high. These, sir, are the propositions pro and eon v. hich have been , urged out of doors upon the subject of the national de fences ; and I eoliths.. and feel the diillculty, not to say deli ' racy, which surrounds the suleeet, and which makes me somewhat difßdent in approaching it. But, sir, so largely and freely have all these topics been discus sd Cut of doors, that I feel I cannot refuse to state to the house what are the views entertained by the government upon this eplestioe. Let me, in the first place, most carefully guard myself against the supposition that I think in our foreign relations, and .specially in respect to France, there is the smallest reason to fear [het any rupture of the ',Lining peace is to be antiehated. (Hear, hear.) No man in this lionise is more fully pw-uaded than f am of the advantages to England, to Europe, to the whole world in short, of the coetinuance of the existing peace, and, above all, of the importance of preserving our pre sent friendly relations with France. (" Bear," on all sides.) Sir, it is my belief that there two great countries, both of which pouess the advantages of a representative and consti. national form of government, both of which have earned glory enough to satisfy the most ardent thirst for military re putatien, it is, I repeat my opinion, that on those greaads there exist ne reasons why the relations between Franco and England should not henceforth be of the most amicable nature; ante sir, it is my earnest wish that our intercourse may be most inti mate in future. (Hear, hear.) There is, however, another point of view from which the existing relations between France and England have been judged of, and which it is necessary for me to bring under consideration in locking at the present question—l find it stated in a pam phlet, written, I must say, in the most friendly spirit by Mons. hatchet Chevalier, teed exclusively devoted to the subject we are considering, that the Duke of Wellingten had thought it nu:assail to in •ke a sort of pamphlet •erine manifesto in answer to the Prince de Joinville. Now 1 will venture to say thet nothing could have ben farther from the intention of thee Duke of Wellington titan to make any mach corn municatiou. (Hearehear.) I know well that nothing could have caused him greater pain than the publicity which had been given to an opinien which he expressed privately and in a confidential manner. (Loud cries of " Hear, hear.") The Duke of Wellington, sir, has from time to time comm un icated to the government, and does o now, that which he considers ought to be done j n ree to the defences of the country, and he has pointed au; w he rein there exist any deficiencies in those defences. Bat, in doing so, nothing could have been farther from his intention or his wish than to make any a ppe a l tbo , tmotry or t o t A gerie the people of England re as to disturb or ea &Dia oar anncalne relations with France. Nothing, dr, ' -..-- e —e--. -----.----- a . foreign an lot i , 1140. la _ _ovary &tunny hue state! of 64,596,6001. (Hear, Mau) It is oddest, the rap e are kV ' cassia ' 'added into Wl' amid**, if her Majeseyee emeerimitent aws It In the partici. . blew party 'es Der be nealatseanae; of p e tal, t : view t hays taken of the necessitiee of the cosinery—it while deers it another for s %sighing at Mime Into ertm , %hen are right In believing teat , looking at thoes nemissides, If the panywniehia fee wagtail ay, "Look; your neiilln. it is not expedient to make huge redoetiotss, but that kis bout . is totally defeacelem. Now is the moment for • le- expedient rather to go on maintainmg and improves the chive blow, which she will never recover." I say that, forces we have—it is obvious that not unly must I propose a under such circumstances, the weir party would have a great renewal a the income-tax, which will expire this year, but advantage in ieusion. (Hear, helm) On the other hoed, that it. will be suessaary, suppedng the house should if the peace party can say, " You are mistaken in that view : Weevil of oar estimates, or "Sling a. the look at the preparations she has neselee all her forces quite estimates of the past year—it will be necessary that ready. Any attempt by sudden sr to overpower that additional taxation be imposed. (Murmurs.) In ad country must be met by signal, def eat.." I say that with vetting to this question, lam speaking of that which I just foundation for such an answer the peace party would think are the necessities of the time to come. It is obvious gain an immediate victory. (Hear, hear.) Well, then, t a great portion of the deficiency to which I alluded at what is our state? Sl far as regards the navy, we pro. 'bathe commencement of my statement, is dependent on a state pare in the navy estimates of this year an increase of of the country, afflicted with inanity, and coneequent corn -184,0001. Of this. 04,0001. is fur services not strictly menial and manufacturing distnas ; and though it wolf dbe aval, leaving 70 000/. only for the increase of our role` nd presurePtuoue to say that we are at once to return naval espouses. Ili ive in my hand a private letter id Lent state of premerity, yet we may, 1 think, look forwarl, Auckland, written to me it. consequence of my desire that he within no very long mute of years, to an improver/ condi , snould pay every attention both to the estimates he had of tion of commerce and ‘ m inutacturee. (Hear, hear) If we the French navy, sod throe which were to be laid before are blemeelwith bountiful haryeetsethe effects of thatscareity the House of Cetaceans. Without troubling the house with of which we have bad to speak will in time be no doubt re the early details of his letter, Lord Auckland says : moved ; and, as regards the income of the wintry, we may, [The substance of the letter," which the noble lord read s e a at no very distant period, look far improvement. (Hear.) low and rapid tone of voice, wag a statement of the prent And, with respect to the statement I have made as to the force of the French may in commission, coneistilig (a we turf/vinare, it must he remembered that no less Men understood) of six ships of the line in commission de rade, 1,100,0001. is required for the vote for defraying and four in cornminion (la force. Against this it was pro. the expenses of the Kaffir Par, and' the last des posed that we should have eleven ships in commission, six patches we have from the Cape contain a letter from Sir with Admiral Parker, and five with Admiral Nepier. In lorry Smith, in which he stales that, from the accounts addition to this the Bellerophon would soon be completed, forwarded to him, he has every ream to believe that the making twelve ships of the line. But by reducing one we war is at an end. I cannot, however, say that there is, c on'could maintain three guankhips, iu a condition equ i v alent sequently, an end of the bill—C . hear," and • laugh) ; t to the French commode!' de nuk. It these latter were re- I presume the next vote we shall have to take for this pun quiren for sudden service they could he fitted up with pose will be considerably less than the present, and that the mutate, and if required for ordinary service they could be war being ended, we may look to the speedy termination of fitted up in the usual manner and sent to a foreign nevem. this 'fleece of expense . (An observation was hers male by The writer further propostd a reserve of steamers, first at the Chancellor of the Exchequer.) My right hon. friend Portsmouth, consisting of 3,396 horse power; a small says truly, that this 1,100,0001. is for two years, therefore squadron at Cork and another at Sheerness, five at each we must not expeot, under any circumstances, a charge of place. As the new ere t o were brought into limier sere the like amount in the estimates of next year. On both vice the old ones w, re to be adapted to harbour defence, these grounds, then—flat, on the ground of future im and to be manned wit's a short cornpiement of officers and provement in the revenue —though I will not be so men. The exp.nse of keeping their boilers in order senguine as to estimate in the pretreat budget would be considerable, but teething like so great as the to what extent that improvement may be in the course of expense of sea going etearnera] . Ihe noble lord continued— the ensuingeyear —and on the ground of diminished ex- I think that is a one precauoon. It refers to that which peeve on account of the Kaffir war, we may, I think, fairly must be our first defence in cam of war, and let it wit he hope that only a temporary increase will be required in our kagotten that if there be advantages in the invention of estimates. (Hear, hear.) In wise on what, in any view, steam fur the purposes of conveyieg troops rapidly across the increase of taxation shoul I be, 1 shall consider the pre. the ses, there are other advantages attached to the sent Mate of the country, together with the great reduction inventma for the purp..ses of blockade, and of watching made by the late government and by termer governments on ports, of which, with the skill and science of Britian articles of general cansump ion. I think any attempt to seamen, this country would not be slow to take advantage impose a per menage on those taxable articles wools' fail in of. ( dear, hear.) I should hold therefore that with the giving you the revenue required. (Hear, hear.) Any new present votes we should be fully prepared, so far as naval tax on th. se articles of consumption would, in my opinion, be preparations are emeerned. Ido not wish to enter mere very unwise at this momenteind much moresoif you thought particularly into details, nor do I think it would be de- such increase of tax would not last beyond a short sirable. (Hear, bear ) I should state, however, that in period. And for this reason that year would have all the the naval estimates of this year we propene, in conformity difficulties and ernbaranmente consequent upon the prepare with the declaration et last year to increase the marines tiosis for collecting and the expense of bringing into collec by 3,000, that It to say, to add 1,500 to the 1,500 which were ti ne a cal which would lie imposed only for a short period ; voted last year. Then with regard to an point therefore the proposition we have to make is, and I may as to which I have B,ot been immediately alluding now, to the well now state it at once—(hear, bear)—the proposition we estimates of the present year, with regent to what created a have to make is to renew the present income-tax from April great deal of alarm at one time—namely, the defence of the next, when it would otherwise expire, for a period of five dockyards and ports, I should state that that subject at- yeare -- ,/eriee of " oh, oh ")—ancl that the house meted , mos ts sionous attention of the late gov,rnmen , shoula vote an increase of that tax from 7d. to and wee carefully examined, and when examined Is. in the pound, or from three to five per i was attended, to a thing I melee say which had for anue cent. for a period of two years. (Murmura of dement from 1 years been greatly neglected. In looking over what various parts of the house.) And now, air, I will state, I had been spent during the last few years since 1841, without going into the argument on the subject, that cond. he found that on Pertamouth was spent 101,2101. ; der the very great distress which for the last twe years Plymouth and Devonport, 57,000/. ; Pembroke, 33 6331.; has prevailed in Ireland, considering, too, that you did not Sheerness, 70,8761. ; making a total of 262,79e1., of which originally in 1842 impou this tax upon Ireland—taking into 54,0001. was for the purchase of land. I believe that the account also the very great struggles now making in order te fortifications which have been erected were made by skate' adapt the social condition of Ireland to the great changes engineers. I know that the commander-in-chief, the Dake which have taken place in that country, and that all classes of Wellington, and the Master-General of the Ordnance it,- —landlords in the improvement of land, and farmers muted them law year, and the Duke of Wellingten assured in the payment of wages—are required to take me that he was perfectly satisfied wi h what was doing. part in that great change taking these things With regard to the army it should be statedthat although we into consideration, we think —though, fully admitting in do not propose the increase of • single man ia the estinnites, the abstract the justice of imposing this tax upon Ireland, and although there appears a diminution, yet the number Le as well u npon England —(hear, hear) —I say, though men in the leuited Kingdom will be very materially in- fully admitting the justice of that propuition—(bear)—we creased by the number r ot regiments returning from Imlia. coureer that this is not the moment for extending the I cannot put down the number that will arrive during the income tax to that coulary. (Cheers from the Irish mem present spring and summer at leas than 5,000, and it may here, and cries of "oh ! oh " from other parts of the possibly be more than that. The reduction of tho army in home.) I must beg gentlemen, when they come to that India has been accomplished by the care and economy of argument, a little to consider that we have not only to deli- Sir Henry Hardinge, who, atter terminating the conflict by berate on what may be abstractedly fair and just with regard his !kill and cou rage, determined, when peace had been re. to the imposition of taxes in England and Ireland, but that stored, to place the fi nances in such a condition as to were we have likewise to take into account the fact that the proepe tete credit of the government, and ho therefore took upen rity of the whole of the United Kingdom is bound up himself the unpopular task of retrenchment. (Hear, together, and that if you check the exertions Ireland is hear.) I may stata perhaps in this place, that making to place herself in a mate of future prosperity, you with all this reduction, the peace of India. was in fact place a check upon the prosperity of the Centel never so well enured. We have there, a'ter all Kingdom generally. (Hear, hear.) But if, on the other these returns, an army of 240,000 men, of whom 28,000 are tome, you refrain from imp 'sing unableland burdens Europeans; and this, too, atter having reduced the expendi- which she might at the moment be to meet, reserv- tare by the amount of a mill i= sterling. (Hear, hear.) nag them until she is more equal to beer them—(langliter) The effect of all this will be cinsiderably to increase th e —you do provide for the prosperity of England and Scot number of mea in this country during the pres ent year, so land, as well as Ireland. (Hear, hear.) We prepare there that the number of rank and - file in the United Kingdom, fore to take the income tax exactly as it has men imposed being at present 65,000, will be increased, I expect, to in vast years ;on the same principle on which it was m e 60,000 in the course of the summer. I believe it. is a long natty proposed and defended by Mr. Pitt ; on the same 1 eime since there was so large a force ia the United rinciple on which it was afterwards increased by Lord Oren. 1 Kingdom. It is not produced by proposing an in. ville and byLord Lareidewee—(cheers and laughter)—and on creased vote, but partly by bringing men hume from the same principle on which it was again impoeed and defends I the colonies,--• regiment from the IVest Indies, by the right hon. gentleman oppneite (Sir R. Peel). (De and weme others,—and it will, no doubt, be in- risiye cheers.) lam aware that I voted against that tax creased by a regiment from the Cape, as Sir Harry when it was proposed by the right hon. gentleman—(im- Smith has premiered that the return regiment, which was menu cheering), and I hold that I was perfectly right in se lately detained there, should be immedietely unt home. The doing. (" Hear," and a laugh.) 1 know, too, that I voted number of men in the United Kingdom has been increased for it in 1845—(hear, hear) --and I neither regret the vote I by more d ean 20,000 since the year I mentioned, 1835. I gave in 1842, nor that which I afterwards gave in 1845. will not detain the home with details, u on the army nti. (Hear, hear.) My right hen . . friend the member for Ports- mates the Secretary et War will explain them fully. The mouth (Mr. F. T. IBaring) na il, in the discussion upon the 1 amount of increase for the army is 43,0001., but with regard question in 1845, " the queston in 1842 was, whether you to the ordnance we propose a more considerable increase. It would continue other taxes—whether you would diminish has appeared to us that with respect to the infantry of an protective duties, or impose an income tax, You have taken army you may make rapid increase, but that with respect to your course, and now, an 10,45, it would be, I think. the artillery and the corps of uppers and miners, they inexpedient to repeal that tax, or allow it to fall, for the form a description of force which you could hardly purpose of imposing other taxes." I think my right hon. make efficient under a training of 18 months or two years ,riend was right in that view, and that was the principle on Taking that view of the question we proposed hut year, and which I supported the measure of 1815, and on which I now we propose again in tho present year, an increase in the bring forward the present proposition. On looking at this number of the artillery end the uppers and miner.. The question, may 1 sek for a short time the attention of the increase we propose to make in the first vote is 99,0051., house to the great reelections which have beat made from which will give an increase of 400 an pen and miner., and time to three in the duties on such articles as come into the 1,4-51 royal artillerymen—the total increase being 1,902. We consumption of the great body of the people Adam Smith also propose to make an increase, and a c maiderable one, in wad there were three or four texes on the necessaries of life, the ordnance estimates., under the head of stores. From the el he mentioned candles, leather, coals, and soap; the statement of the uter Geeral of the Ordnance, wo I dutis on these four articles have been taken He stated desired to lay fullyM before the n house all the particulars ofh the also that the taxes on malt and beer were equal to charges connected with his department, it appears that an abont twenty-five or twenty.six per cent. on the malt. That increased supply ot smallarme, and an additional neck of that tax has been considerably reduced is well known. gunpowder will be absolutely necessary during the present The tax on salt amounted yearly to 1,490.0001.' on candles, , year—these being articles which, in case of war euddnily 482,0001, ; coals (brought coastwise). 9.58,0001. ; leather, breaking out, we could not depend upon obtaining en 600,0001. ; beer and cyder, 3,00,0001. glass, 647,0001. ; &deviate supply of immediately, and therefore it is sugar, 2,311,0001. ; butter and cheese, 112,0001. ; and you neensary we should make provisien beforehand. The may add, taking the average of the leat five years, the duties increase in the estimates will be, therefore, in the on latent and meal, which will be taken off n. at February, ordnance 245,0001.—in the ee army,et mates, for nays' 862,0001.wh01e amounting to 10,513,000 1 . of yearly purposes 70,0001., and in the the increase will be taxese removed from articles entering into consumption 43,0001. ; making a total addition of 3e0,0001. Th. re is by the great body of the people. DI addition to this, it another species of force with respect to which we propose to must not be forgotten that there are very many articles , now lay a measure before the house in the cone of the present admitted which were formerly prohibited, and which I have session, and with regard to which 1 also propose to take a omitted. I have, therefnre, in this estimate, understated vote fr a sum of mosy in the estiates lam now lay in the aout. The whole amount of taxes taken off before you. Howevere efficient that amount of force con- g niece t he n peace, deducting the income tax and all meted with the three services I have named is, it in to In other taxes which have been imposed during that time, considered—amonget the chances of a war, the remote see equal t a reduction of taxation of not len then chances if you will—but it is always to be considered pee- 39,705,34 U. a year. Ido not think, therefore, when such Bible that an enemy miht land on our hors, ad ou to o been the diminution of taxation, that we are now asking would then have to garrison Portsmouth, s Plymou e t n y h, and much of the house when we call upon then for a tem the other dockyard. and Plans of defence on mir coasts. It porary increase of the present direct mercion, in the face of does not appear that your number of 60,000—large as that the circumstances of almoet unparallelleddifficulty which have number is as compared well the force you have had at yor occurred during the past year, and with a view of keeping up command in former ye in—would altogether suffice for the our establishments -1 trust not extravagantly, not inordi. purpose of garrisoning those places and at the same nntely, but with a view to the permanent maintenance and time leave you a 'efficient disposable force for the defence of the country. The result would be an expenditore, general referee of the country. (Hear, hear.) Now, ,•ir, as I have stated, of 44,596,5001., and an income of 51,250,0001„ the force to which the country has in former times increased by the income-tax, which I take at an amount been in the habit of looking in aid oft he regular army for hos than I might take it if there lead not been so much the purposes of internal defence—and it has always been commercial distress, namely, at 3,500,0001., so as to make statd obe the onstiutional fne of this countr—(her, the total income 54,750.000/. There ie one tex which hea r t tot one that has been o kept up in forme r timea a in presses very severely upon one species of industry, which periods of peace—a force, too, which row the favourite one sins Bennet. those principles you hare of late years adopted, of perhaps the greatest man this country ever produced, and which might be taken off withoutthat great diminution of Lord Chntham— (hear) —is the militia force. (Cheers.) I rev nee which the reduction of the duty 041. tea, or the removal am aware that difficulties attach to this subjec , now which nf the widow tax, would infliee. I allode to the tax upon did not torraeely exist. The habits of the country are a 8 copper re i mposed in 1842 upon the ground that it wastes be ad chaeged that in dealing with this question you find your- mated at a small duty, instead of melting in bond, and that selves placed between these two difficulties. If you take that duty would not produce anyeserious effect. Now although 1 substitutes such are the migratory habits of the lower cl Ines the duty was consider , d small, the effect of it, or if not the that you could net depend upon having them when wanted, effect of it, the concomitant effect, had been that smelting has while, on the other hand, if you refused substitutes you been p e rformed in Chin, where it had not been used before, would be imposing on the people a hardship in respect to I and the esta smeltingestablishments in this country have in con military service to whichthey hove never been acceetomea, sequence greatly suffered. Ido not think that the owners of and which /meld he galling and distasteful to them. (Hear.) 1 copper mine., whil e be injured if we took off this Such are the difficulties with which this guration is ' email duty, while by doing so we would remove those °beta beset. We sh ill propose such a measure, howev. a as I cies which impede the proenects of smelting from resuming appears to ua to be best calculated to meet these dinculties ; their funurable aspect. Repealing that tax, which 1 take and I am most anx ous that that measure should be C•II.Si I at 41.0001., the am runt it sue lest year, we should have dered by the house, an,l, should it be approved of on the 54 . 760 0001. of revenue and 54,637,0001. a the ex s penditure, second reading, that its provisions should be fully discussed leaving &surplus of 113,0001. That surplus, I must again ()b -in committee as to whether the measure is one which is in serve, would be considerably larger but for the extraordinary every way fitted for the present circumstances of the expenditure of 1,100.0001 , and wenld have enabled us to take country It will be for the house to decide whether aml off other taxes which press heavily on the people. Although tia force is one that ca and ought to be mead under their , I stated that I should confine to an outline I have present circarnetarces.n If you can make it practicable, I been o tliged to enter considerably myself into detail both as , regards believe it is correct in prin. iple ; a. it is, I know, useful, hi a ' the diminution of revenue, and the estimates we propose for national poiet of view, to have a portion of the people . me eting it, I have done so with the view of laving these trained to the use of arms, who, in case of hostilities, might est i mates fairly before the borne, that the house might make be brought together, and marched at once to any spot that lup its mind calmly and deliberately upon the subject. We might be threatened. And, though there are massy reasons I might have asked for the navy and army estimates, showing in favour of such a force, still, should the house not at once I a small increase, and pod pd our statement at • later conclude that it would be desirable non to establish ami itia period think it is due to the House of Commons that force, that measure, might, nevertheless afford the means 1 they should know fully what is the question before them next year, or ii, future yean, of providing such an eaten- i and that if they voted the estimates we propone, come in sion of the regular military force of the country as should 1 cresse of taxation would be necessary. We therefore sub ensure us at all times a su ffi cient force to oppose against any ' mit to the house at once, that questionbut which ma we are y he enemy who tbreatened therefore, M invade us. (Hear t hear.) I pro- 1 the most di ffi cult, and the mast unpopular, which pose, er efore, to take a vote of 150,0 00 /. in the estimetes bound to look in the face as affecting not only the public of laying the foundation ; puree, hirt the independence and honour of the country as of the preset'' , year fee he purpoee of this military force. I have stated what are the difficulties I well. This home has been enabled to take elf nearly . of the case, and I have only to add that I shill be happy to 40,000,0001. of taxes, of which more than 10,000.0001. have the assistance of the house in coming/to such a conclu- premed tome the comforts and enjoyments of the industrious tiOlt as shall be most to the advantage o f the country. (Bear, p nips of the community. But while doing that, you were also hear.) I will now state what will be the whole cape nditure enabled not only to preserve the empire undiminished, but under the different heads for the year from the sth April, to exited it. Consistently with that large reduction, you 1848, to the sth April, 1849. The charge for the funded debt have been enabled, under the guidance of the right hon. making together baronet, tbe member for Tamworth, to give scope to those 2 i5 5 2 ,636 7.77 ,6001 8 009Thl. ;ecoutonliddieclteddefbutn,d7csb2=take.t2 750,0001 ; principles of commerce of which Adam Smith was the great the expenses we have to pay for the Caffre war, 1,100,0001. ; propounder, and of which William Pitt, in the plenitude of naval excess for the year before last, 24.5,500/.• charge for his power, declared himself the disciple. You have been the navy for this year, 7,726.6101. army, 7,1649961. ; ord- enabled to suppress an insurrection in Canada to repel an mince, n avy , 2,924, 1 ; miecellaneous. 4,oo6,oool.—making in all, agereenioa in India, to maintain your eolonial 'establishment including av army, ordnanee, end mimellaneoue, and give protec ti on to your fellow-subjects at the Kateaeoea I add to this 150,0091. for the militia, and we Cape of Hood Hope subjects of the tame Eno- reign, and inheritors of the same glorious come— s& members of the British empire. I believe that, if you continue in this course, upholding the credit of the country, you will be enabled in future years to give still further relief to the people by a reduction of taxation. I regret t it is not in so y p ower honestly to propose such reduction a present ;but. consistently with my duty to the country, I cannot do so. I have taken, I am aware, that which is the odious part of duty, but which being m a duty I cannottion shrink th from. I will conclude by stating y strong convic to be at, by taking this course, you will in time see the commercial credit of the ciuntry restored, you will preserve unimpaired the public faith, and red no danger of seeing this great empire insulted or injured by any power whatsoever. (Cheers.) The Chairmen (Mr BERNAL), having read the resolu tions embodying the helot(' lord's proposal, Ler' J. RUSSELL rose again, and raid, I merely pro pose these resolutions now with the view that that t hey may day be hefors the house . I shall propose Mon se'nnight the house resolve itself into &committee of ways and means, and I shall then take the sense of the house upon thi no. Mr. HUME said he never rose to remark upon a budget ' with greater pain. The noble 1 rd and his colleagues seamed to think that we were on the eve of • war, and that prepare tions must be made accordingly. If we were so, he believed that but one teeling wou ld exist in the country in reference to the course that house might to pursue ; but as we were not, he believed that the course proposed by the noble lord I was calculated to interrept the peace which at present existed, and to create strife with that country which of all others it was the interest of this to be on terms of amity with--he meant France. On that account, if fur no other, he deplored the statement of the noble lord. The ides that we were now in a time of peace keeping and maintaining 300,000 men, including the militia, the ponce force, and all paid adjuncts, was what .this country ought not to bear. lithe noble lord had said that he would reduce the winalowdex, or any other tax that pressed upon the people, and that in lieu thereof he meet have 5,000,0001. or 10,000,000/. additional of income tax, he should have had Lis (Mr. Hume's) ray support. Mr. BANK ES believed that the country at large was net prepared tor any such proposition as that of the noble lord The noble lord had taken credit to himself for not hieing first proposed his estimates and afterwards made his statement. But they were not no forgetful of their duty in that house as to have admitted the estimates until they had had the expla nation ; and having had that explanation, be must say that it was not satisfactory The ratimates relating to one nation.' naval defences were those which were received with the least degree of jealousy ; but then there was an employment of the naval Genic. going on at present, which appeared to him and many others as unnecessary. (Hear, hear.) By a different disposal of oar naval forces some reduction, he thought, might be made in the national expenditure. He alluded particularly to the squadron en gaged on tre coast of Africa, is a climate destructive of human life, and for a purpose which had totally failed. He conceived that the withdrawal of that squadron, and the cessation of expenditure consequent thereon, would he attended with no detriment to the public service or to the interes e ts of thecountry. lie might all u d e also to the unhappy expedition to the Tagus and the squadron stationed there, keeping up a feeling of irritation in the mind of a foreign nation. Wits regard to the army, without at the present moment suggesting that any diminution of in aggressive force might be proper after what bad fallen from the noble lord, he (Mr. Baehr') might be permitted to state that a different disposition of that forte might be made, by which the saying of the additional large espen4iture of witch the noble lona Ind spoken in reference to an increase of the army might be effected. It was no doubt to be ad mitted, that for the ordnance service a longer term of train ing was necessary than fir the infantry and other branches of the service ; but as le lated to the infantry they might reasonably look for a diminution, which might be turned to the ordnance department without any increase of expense. The noble lore's proposition with reference to the militia was one which would be highly unpopular. The pro positien, in ha judgment, was peculiarly alarming and wi II demrviug the consideration of those who would come under the operation of the law, because the noble lord had stated that the practice of finding substitutes had in former times been found to be inconvenient, and that consequently the persons wbo would be balloted would be obliged them selves to serve If so, tide would be a conscription in every sense of the word as odious as that which existed in France enter Napoleon. The noble lord need not 'Lind the French newspapi es, hut might depend upon it, if the French ce.ion should unhappily attempt to bully, threaten, or insult this country , the same spirit would rise up now as had in the time when the spirit of aggression had prevailed under the domi nion of a tyrant and great conqueror. (Hear, hear.) The noble lord admitted that the consequence of the propositions be made would be to fix upon the coun try a considerable addition of charge, and this he proposed to meet by an sedition to the income tax. The noble lord stated that whew the inc . me tee was first proposed in 1842, he voted against it, taut the o b nble lend I not only voted but spoke against it, and that speech was very memorable with regard to the par ticular point that now came under the consideration of the committee, namely, with regard to the national defences. The imposition of such a ten, the noble lord had observed, would produce the conviction that this country bed no other security, but was obliged to resort to it at , if' the nation was making a struggle fur its actual existence, and therefore that the country was unprepared for war. Such had been the xpreesed opinion of the noble lord, and yet now the noble lord said the oh). et was to assure all the world that Engl and was afraid of none of them, espe cially those powerful states who might be supposed to look at this country with the greateet jealousy. 'Under all these impressions be had heard with great regret the pro pagations of the noble lord; he wished for a different application of the existing forces of the country, upon whom the unhappy lot of an addition to the income hex ought to he spared. (Hear, hear.) Mr. B. OSBORNE said, that of all the financial state ments which it had been the duty of a minister of the crown to submit to the house, he though the house would agree that few had been made with greater fairness and candour than that they had just heard; but at the same time he thought the manner in which it would be viewed by the country would be one of great alarm and consternation. He confessed he thought test if there had been any regular organised opposition in the house, such a statement wou'd never have been m tie by any government, for it would have signed the death warrant of any ministry. (Hear, hear.) On the whole, the noble lord had shown that the present was not the retrenching and economising govern ment which the people of this country had expected 0a Monday week, when the question came on, he (Mr. B. Osborne) should ee prepared to enter fully into it. In the antime he called upon the noble lord to reflect, and not be led away by the admiration of a militia force ee -1 roma by Lord Chatham. The Marquis of GRAN BY reminded those hon. members who had supported the free-trade measures of 1842 and 1846 of the results which the present budget exhibited of their policy. Tne noble lord at the head of the government had attributed the deficiency of the revenue to the panic which had prvadeil tis untry, and to the want of employment in th e e manufact h urin co g districts, and, therefore, he (the Mar quis of Granby) was sorry to think that the noble lord had not sdopted,the previous treeing, the precautions calculated to prevent a recurrence of such a panic disturbing the com merce and industry of tee couutry by the adop tion of the resolution proposed by his (the Mer man of Granby's) right honourable friend, and colleague (Mr. Mercies). the noble lord had admitted that it would take some time before the country could recover from the panic which had pervaded it, and the misery into which it had fallen, but he destroyed the chance sf recovery by proposing an increased income tax for two years, and the continuance of the present tax for five years 1 nger. lie therefore thought the noble lord showed that he had great confidence in the free-trade measures which he had supported in 1842, and again in 1846. Much as he re gretted part of the noble lord's speech, he had received much gratification from that part of it in which the noble lord declared his determination to maintain the independ ence of the country. He rejoiced to have beard the noble lord state that while he was an advocate for peace, he thought the best way to secure it was to be prepared for war. (Hear, hear.) Sir B. HALL said that, in cemmon with the hon. mem. ber for Montrose (Mr. Hume h), e had heard with sincere pain and deep regret the announcement which had to-night been made by the noble lord at the bead of the government. Though the noble lord who bad just sat down bad approved of the proposition of the government in reference to the maintenance of the independence of this country—in which he (Sir e . Hall) coneurred—still be thought that, looking to the presat position of foreign affairs, the government and legislature could well aft ird to look at the state and condi tion et the population at home. He did not think there was anything to apprehend from foreign invasion ; and, there f -re, looking at the distress which prevailed throughout the country, he was of opinion that the present was not the time for increasing the expenditure, rantoquently the burdens on the people. In taxation a single reduction was promised, except the miserable reduction in the tea on copper, about which nobody cared anything. It was a fallacy to suppose that the additional income tax would only continue for the time specified—two years • be cause when it felt in another government would be enabled to make a further increase for a further period. He would not no enter into details, but when the proposition came before the house, he should give it the same opposition es when he had joined the noble lord in eating against the tax • when originally brought forward ; and if it was carried, he should propose that the impost should be extended in its operation to the sister kingdom. (liear, hear.) Mr. 0. &ROBINSON observed that it was manifest from the statement of the noble lord at the head of the govern ment, that the people of this country had no hope of obtain ing any reduction in the national expenditure, and must be prepared to hear additional tuition to make up the existing deficiency. Nothing could be more unsatisfactory than the statement of to night. True there had been since the Peace a considerable remission of taxation, but meanwhile the condition of the people had retrograded in a greater and more rapid degree than the reduction of their burdens. Hence he contended that protection was essential to the prosperity of the commerce and industry of the land. Col. SIBTHORP said, whatever pain he might have felt in listening to the statement of the noble lord, he had experienced no surprise ,• nor should he be surprised at any amount of hypocrisy and tergiversation on the partof cabinet ministers and leaders of this house. (A laugh.) When the right hon. baronet the member for Tamworth, after pro fessing so much anxiety for the protection of agriculture, and so much regard for the church, and avowing his fixed deter mination to maintain the interests of both, had displayed such tergiversation and such unmindfulness of those inter est,—what surprise could be felt at the course now taken by the noble lord the member for the City of London? IHe believed the invasion-panic was groundless but the jealousy of foreigners must be excited by oar lammed pro- parations for defence, especially at distrast.ime.gotim:efonthntetjt,tace. nb_l:haithalwi w o t u loe d um l l y dan p rocla i ming h.h. o (criL a eudg i h t eta e, , i ri n . u) a e b s i t i l i v, : n y . he ar : t r o : it,he t :mi.: jait :: : ' 1 taxation. (" Question," " question.") When he had d oes. ! under existing eb , :, (Laughter.) lie never had been put down in that home: cot ea llue l d l n e ht d r:ye o nv u : t rgal , t h : e was confident that, in em x months, the bmealf:litro.fionvr..t.tsh.iechßinxispetßhetlaNdiocibiee:f im a d u a y dhee g , a h n fa e od r:il hl i ik. n f d he : f ob ii iieng . li keitma mai s_ statement with considerable pain, not on account of the t c h , e ni. n u oh n l e e ,. , lord, a i t t i wax O ct , regreear ee tt v eda e n re ithat, hear) —but he deeply woe obliged to state to the house a canei daralja deficiency, that he felt it his duty to t the estimates, and consequently to impose &Mir taxation. Ore at part of the excess of expenditure, he go , Oer.tmel, had already taken place ; and the noble lord wee felt it his deify in tertaia prriat+,to add to the establivb of the country. Be was not one who thought we mom \ en tirely rely on the good feeling of foreign countries, a t omit to place ourselves in a state of adequate pro • - He should therefore be prepared to su pp ort th at put of t h e proposition, if it were necessary for the security end deft 4" of the c ntry. But while doing so, he should feel s I ei duty, end he trusted the house w oul d do the same , tol ett e* carefully to the amount oft xpenditurepreposed, with mi l d, more reference to economy than had been practised it former moire. There was at present about two aud aMR millions of actual deficiency, without any increase weet mor. As to the mode of meeting it now proposed he regretted he could not concur in it. lie had oppaesee the income tax on its introduction, when the right hon, baronet the member for Tamworth had mud that it might last for five yeas, but that he would take it f, three years first. When, at the end of the three years, it was proposed to continuo it, be (Mr. Baring) had stated that, though he entertaiued all his objections to it, ye,, es i t bad been originally proposed for five yearn, and no there me a delittiency of revenue to meet, he was not prepared t o throw any difficulty in the way. Had the noble bed now come down and proposed its centinuation, without any adde ten, he Mould ti ive had difficulty in termite any b!,jectio, to it; for, much as lo• h id always objected to it, he thought a deficient revenue worse than any tax. (Heir, hen.) But the noble lord, not content with the income tax es it Ntood, sought to raise it from three to fiat percestm he 'Mad for the original tax for five year., and the wire tional tax for two, though it was almost a J.ke on the loom to speak of its cant ioualice for so abort a time. (Hear, hear) The truth M 51,1, the three per cent. earl pertnement, and me five pa cent, en all probability, we should never get ?elm (.. Hear," and laughter. I This was a new propos:tin; be could not Concur in making the income tax part of the pm manent taxation of the country, and therefore he couldn't vote for this addition of two per cent. (Hear, hear.) k times of great difficulty or war it might be very wed, is laying on a tax for two or three years, not to be very aisa as to whether its pressure was equal on all classes. Bet when the income tax was raised to five per ant., and made part of the permanent mstem of taxation, they was bound to make it more equal and fair. (Hear, hear.) lb alluded, of course, to the different way in which the tsa presaed upon income derived from property arid that derived from the exertions of individuals. (Cheers.) This emit nut long stand the test of fair reasoning ; if the tax wen raised to five per cent. the public opisiou would be 'trolley excited egairet it. Mr. DISRAELI said that a wiser speech, amore practical speech, or one more justificatory of the opinions of hon. am tlemen on his aide of the house be had never Mod the that which had been deliver) by the right hon. mutleass, He could not deny himself the feeling of congratulating hi hon. friends around him upon the moral drawn by the right bon, gentleman from the present position of the coaalre (Hear, hear.) In 1842 there was a deficiency et 3,000,ega, which produced the fall of noble lords and right hon. pm Hewett opposite. He did not wish that the present deficit might be ominous of a similar result, but that they might he able to contend succasfully with the almost insuperable dif ficulties they had to encounter. And they bad this advantage, that there was not a party reedy to take the government of the country on pro- ciples avowedly opposed to theirs, and who professed to raise lie country frnm its low position by a process which ha would net then designate. It was enough that that petal was sufficient, that the deficit was mode to disappear, lad that a large surplus remained. But the 5,000.0001. raised I by the income tax disappeared during a time of peace, sad then they were in the eame position. (Hear, bear.) Wee I there no moral to be drawn from that result? (Hear, kw,) Without floating in the atmosphere of theory, had theynet the experience of seven years to guide them, and that experience was condemnatory of the new system. (Hear.) They had been told that, with the imposition of the income tax, there would be a simultaneous relaxation in the prima. pies of their commercial system, which, before the period fee which it was paned elapsed, would produce benefits whirl would relieve them from their difficulties. Where wets they (Hear, hear.) Where were the profits which they hid received in consequence of the abrogation of a single duty ? (Hear, hear.) Where was the 100,000,0001. which it was steed in eke evidence of late Seermary of the Board of Trade before the Import Duties Committee, sad which was the basis of the legislation of the thin minister of the crown, they were to receive from the abolition of the corn laws ? (Hear, hear.) Since Seen a new lease of the income tax had been takea, and with the incumbrance of a great fine is addition. (Hear, heir.) And the deficiency had been amplified into MOB. 0tr01.115 dimensions. Where wax the 2.5,000,0001. which the more modest member for Bolton proposed ? It was not to be found Not one shilling in the pound had been received, but they had to pay a shilling in the pout d. not only to support the credit of the country, but to maintain its inter ' penitence in consequence of this new economical policy. He wanted to know what the principle of the income tax was, and whether it was to Ire eerpetual. The right honourable gentleman, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, by his cheer, intimated that it mot The noble lord at the head of the government ought to speak out his mind on that point, because it was one of the remarkable circumstances of the income cox that, while one principle was alleged to that house, for its imposition, Sa• other was given out of the house. The right hoe. bare (the member fur Temetorth) told the house, with his scout plished plausibility, that the income tax was a temporary sacrifice for great national p irposts; bat, thertly after parliament was prorogued, a letter appeared from the some minister, coutainiag a rem son fur the tax totally discordant and tefally different; and which remained up to that moment unexplained, MI he believed inexplicable. (Cheers.) if a majority of that house believed that the additional tax would continue* for only two year:, that assembly was composed, he woul. I not say of most gullible materials—(lauohter)—hut was one to whose f sympathies the minister might apps I with mere confidinie than any that ever existed, Was it more likely that* , noble lord would take it off than the right hon. gentile. man ? The noble lord, with regard to the relation in whites this country stood towards other countrim, expressed a hope which amounted to an opinion that there was no mem pent of the peace of Europe being dis . urbed ; vet the noble lord came forward to propose a war vote. (Hear, hear) The noble lord declared that the armaments of England were by no means in that sorry plieht that they were repre rented to be, in, and that they kid been increased; and all this notwithstanding the vigilance of the Nestor of finance (Mr. Hume). If this were so, where were all the advantage. of a reform in parliament, which was to produce cheap go- vernment, and re Auction in the military establishments of the country ? The army was cut down, and the navy at down, and the Runs spiked, but after the hubbub was over, and the dust laid, a reaction took place—sou the reformers) and your c tnetituente were gulled, and the armaments of the country were increased while ynu were looking on. So meals for economy, and for attempting . to produce eflate which it eueht in be known were impossible. But it seemed the age of petty criticism had posed away, and that they would is , , longer tolerate that gentlemen should get op with that indomitable perseverance, which h fledwaysadmiry) in the hen member for Montrose, me ii as it mu with a naivete: that was charming-Mlaughter) —and criticiee the conduct of government w it h respect to the expendituze of the country. A new era was at hand. Armaments would no longer be required—ships no longer necesseefm English regiments would be as obsolete to the E. legions, be ause there was a new principle of gravers- meat in action throughout the world—the Mille nium, so often dreamed of and antieipated in seek different shame was at length arrive). It appeared, how' ever, that this new principle, which inflicted 5 per cent. s• come tax upon them, was a costly compensation as a weal QQ for the blessing. of perpetual Reece. (Laughter and cheats. The apos.le of that new principle he had never spoken with disrespect in that house, and be ventured to admire his genius whi n he was not supported by prime midden (Hear, hear.) But the principle now profound. dby the bon member for the West Riding (Mr. Cobden) was not et original ae that oil , r principle which he promulgated — the prirciole of buying in the cheaper matimts and sellieg in the deareat. This principle, which was not new to the minds of men —it Mfrs not confin' ri to enthusiasts or preach. m upon tubs, or solitary monks —Mt it had before now influenced men of action as it had influenced cabinet.. It bad been considered in cabinets and public em semblie a, and he need not remind the house of what had been the barren results of thaw aspirations. A century ands half elapsed since it influenced public councils, and they had during that period the bloodiest war that ever existed. The Abbe St Pierre's argument wee, that Europe el' a confederation, and that none of the testes which coat posed it could have an interest in going to ware beau" war was opposed to their interests. It was, therefore, Demean that every power should disband its army; hut when it was put to him—" Supposing any power did not consent to the new eystem?" he replied, that it was incumbent on the °Mel to enforce those peaceable principles of which he was Me great promulgator. (Laughter.) So that it aetaMd wax was the essential elemeat of his pee.' The fallacy of St, Pierre was the fallacy of the hon. gentle man. it was true that it was not the interest of th was ose a s lions which were constituted to go to war . W Wax s proluend by powers that were satisfied, hot, as in society, disturbance wan created by an individual, who did not find himself in that position which he thoueht his talents entitled him tn. (Loud cries of "hear, hear" from the cainittero i 1 benches.) So was war always produced by na tions, races, or princes, who agitated fora position. To reason i n favour of peace fr om existing circumstances, wee to reason on eater; finial grounds. The hon. gentleman took an eas y view of M. whole continent; and he bad a right to do so, because be the been every where well received. He (Mr. Disraedi) gas glad of that reception, though perhaps be might be duped to think that the continent did a great deal for hint, beaus he did a great deal for the continent. (Protectionist cheers) He did not thine that the argument derived from i?' creased commercial intercourse was a sound one. Look tog to the oommenial relations which existed was France in 1787, when M r. Eden WAS sent °l.t, to ni mitiate a treaty he was not surprised that Mr. Pitt lhoe re te have indulged in the expectations to which the nob.e lo e e they had — referred. i t : :: 1 "ab internecine thatecr.rrrtut ; : e ht t am t h ° 1: : ease of ✓ • a that by —e aid ine e • he never mere times w"114 gradually on a evf?nradeanntat"uercial relatio oi introducedmm: n c. ri dt nt tni Are eoh a b n b v - Bet ; r t i c ht not etz the rise we y e w a o ly cy whoet incre ase ror e?lip p te i o n t,cm f t e t t :!: ote e m t he r iT ne t i r t , " • it unea ' s to Is s titution wit s w .ru a epi not itrple o opfE. prepared g.o n?pt.i....n t o prof. tt prevented from haw.; . did not think that the o in its swaddling cloth, ,t The hon. gentlemsa he promulgated his fa hmade at Rout .1 v er Psec orthyof the purple e in its palmiest days - England. That gent,. and t er minated { ` sp fraternity." hy fueled ? (Chre , s.) in before ? Not Some men were for t but as for trate , ail) it was this, that he alo .)1 who wishtd to get, r always prepared to pi laughter and cheer,: z. munication, b TN) ut it u " 11.04.11% and the right hon. r.n (Mr. Gibson) inspired' coars e inspired by and told them this we was not to preserve , do more—that it bait ante—remove the . and cenainly if you ,nf would be the result. 1 debate. he (Mr. Hemel the government. ( I supporters h.,d kep• t • (Renewed cheers.) Bt them to do ? The ,hp franchise to one elev., a upon another. cc, them take care that th (Renewed cheers.) TI spirit of a crass whose f to the perminence of of that prosperity it was impossible to K 2 curing their power If even for a moment, sti independence of the to the defence of toe thought nothing oe a cite themselve4 et .0 the F uut rsn b e ce d o . u p se: rt L y W:e u " r d e b , c : ti . . h ee s o r : " with iti t o h n e c se he, pr r i: l eita l t• v s , l inquire what werr th vited to adopt, and he ancient and the vi ner cheering.) Mr. COBDEN said, that I shall haw gination into which relinquish the h.tnot would have place.' m , ) he hu followed me r must yet pardon me to refer to on staa r sition laughter.) surprise the dis.aorom our finances. II in but sheets of all the indui has astonished a t is, and mercantile mi year, instead of I instesd of attempt keeping the expendit he seems to have butt receipts equal to an it I must say that I has the defalcation of z; in which the ne alluded to. I but I do not bell .va Minister in this hoe chiefs to this cot at What is that hat cries of " No," toll) is that but a three' (Renewed cries to hear these t del the represents ice disclaiming an) sot noble lord's spc , that we have cannot be too coo me ask, what is th Where is the in• t hostilities desert . We were told, -a at amity with .v we asked thi. ti convey the tru , .? night c.divey tie danger to con o I against us? st e is said that the Fri (Hear, hear.) Y the house I shall in the French British navy h., increase of the the noble lord aim was double flit sit then going to " strength of Ott rel alarmed at the id are the people eh them better p, ,ti present in the hi tuency in the eq of people—an. town in the ‘k not been h. .d protection, at I and militar) there are th,r ) to say that ni• ment that the yr posed to you . I these facts iv. h forth to Fr_.,. •• • address. let me ask at el (Great cheer at any time . I me for sayin. ti tify such a rro heard to-nigl t proposal. it, petted cheer arm the coup It is true • b in 1792, an d ' at bad had th, i and the lust, ue we have note, plunged us i.,tc aristocracy a.id the aristtier. , cy the debt vh calling on t How diffm .t France has five she now hi orders—no position)-7 and she has 41 tivehosFrat eel the Ministe- at the danger , el (erred to Me. best proof required, at d We are soh: there is a ..t.d how very WI of France matter. h stinacyor t men had b. • stilt would -a have turns the prime i ,it probability probability ' some degr , loaded and you are tie I such rot as rt of all our that we ot el (Reputed ruble =undo make the or that eonst-te (Mr. Wart. )- our mono) ti thee than it ways and wit experience it reply, /*That navy, is apt ei of those mil , who k flows all be cast- at the he y had Gees e cr ght peah, d n n hat t{er an of aid opa 'arec 11. isiLediti rectally e e hn e: e g eh l d v y g t neht excess (Laughter.) distress, "question" r i f. : g M hoo' tnYmne'd,ent. expenditure, f r t h oi o n t ,t Re ar when e h t "1 : 1 4s di ea yes : 4 l 621.1 b increasetbn erth: e d' the art h::ecme. were i citu r sh l tu ner wise raid i m bi t o that, in six months, they militia f cl re f any p g ain n , er : l ot in on the ac h c e o " u i r c it i . O l f body — tleg . , a gr m e a tt d ed e, f t o t r a , t, lik u e ad i v ,r er e v . thing . sever Moro rococo ;he tenses would gradually I U felt it his duty ta ettlitteeirsu. t , ) a lt us e rt f n o e qu e p li e l n t a nh ee telr ; of a hW ri o f tl i t m h . e po ithl iot - a C3llll beamr;:negetilatr:h•linttrdtechndeo on trot', ft r would continue to be alai to war. But it wee introduced by the new peiato,to add to the establith only tendency vs hieb he ee not one who thought we sway the increase of their tat iga countr i es, in a state of adequate protection, prepared to support that part oldie ocessary for the security end det bile doing sir, he should feel it leer o people of Euro pe paid, lih°t•ltbajwinvf:he.thuerlit:ori°: : p c °i li a n i :l i el. ll u i ran l e o l : ev am rcilltede ta ; : " .i h . st° : poteo ma dthw ( r ti varle tne .l . l . ' ; . : 3 : did not think that the • of meeting it new proposed it a p a half not concur in it. lie had opposed in its swaddling cloth, , so o p h o ti c o ny i a . „ thanawres.4: without e'tiehipndb about uip arid name , uco ,pidtwith d itt : 1 1,4 1e. wwwp, was e :i n . n o ir rpt e t opdi. pogf. pre paredrhin t h a n e b. The hon. gentleman s t its introduction, when the right h e promulgated his fi .mbar for Tamworth had 'w e d ye a rs, but that he would take itspeech made et Ito w I worthy of the purple a, at the end of the three years, it in its palmiest day s-- mao it, be (Mr. Baring) had stated England. That gent;: Sued all his objections to it, ye., se it and terminated his sp c .posed fur five years. and as there wee fraternity." Why is to meet, he was not prepared to fueled ? (Cheer s.) the way. Had the noble bed now in before ? Not cd its centio nation, without any adde Some meta were for b tad difficulty in offerice soy eejectim but as for Irate, tat) t h td always objected to it, he thought was this, that he al. torso than any tax. (Heir, btu.) who wished to get, not content with the income tax is always prepared to pe .1. aloe it from three ti flee percest.• l au ghter and cheer , : 0. sal tax for five year, and the a. munication, but it . meth it was almost a joke oar Melons "The wieet Luce for se abort • time. (Hear, hear.) and the right hon. Lien •ee per cent. was prinanent, and the (Mr. Gibson) inspired obability, we should never get tide( course insiered by f :lei This was a new propos:tin; be and told them the'. w inking the income tax part of the pm. was not to preserve E country, and therefore he mule em do more—that it mu If two per cent. (Hear, hear.) le ante—remove the .• in ty or war it might be very well, is and certainly if you I, oor three years, not to by very Mee would be the reside I mum was equal on all classes. Bat debate. he (Mr. Dieree was raised to five per cent., sad the government. (r rat msneut system of taxation, they was supporters bed keg re equal and fair. (Hear, hen.) M • (Renewed cheers.) B o the different way in which the tss them to do ? The bj lerived from property and that derived franchise to one elm., if individuals. (Cheers.) This eeeN upon another. (lir ar, test of fair reasoning ; if the tax wee them take care that th . the public opiaiou would be linen (Renewed cheers.) T spirit of a emu whom p Lid that a wiser speech, amore musical to the permenence of ustifiestory of the opinions of hon. en,. of that prosperity of the house he had never limed the it was impossible tie me deliver.el by the right hon. geutleass, curing their power If mself the feeling of congratulating hi even for a moment, sti rim upon the moral drawn by the Meet independence of the c the present position of the anetry, to the defence of the c 42 there was a deficiency of 3,000,00 a, thought nothing or a 'all of noble lords and right hon. get• rile themselves es did not wish that the present deficit France. (Loud cheer a similar result, but that they might he the house were, as ufully with the almost insuperable die traded party," he ho to encounter. And they bse with these prineteies as not • party rallyposition cheers.) we at there w rumour of the country on pne. inquire what were th mud to theirs, sod who professedvited to adopt, and be m its low mosition by a process which)* ancient and the or ner t nate. It was enough that that mean cheering.) the deficit was made to disappear, sad Mr. COBDEN r s remained. But the 5,000.0001. mimed said, that I shall hay nation into which sappeared during a time of pesos, and gi uish the h.ino same position. (Hear, hear.) Wes relinq drawn from that result? (Hese, kw ,) he have places' in he has followed me fr the atmosphere of theory, had theynet seven years to guide them, and that must yet pardon 1110 lemnatory of the new system. ( Hsu.) to refer to on moo at that, with the imposition of the income sition laughter.) I a simultaneous relaxation ia the prime • surprise the dims , roe vial system, which, before the period he our finances. II is hu elapsed, would produce benefits whirl *" sheets of all the indu 1 from their difficulties. Where wets has agtonished a• is ..) ce Where were the profits which they and mercantile m erquen of the abrogation ot a sing insteed of attempt le y r.) Where was the 100,000,0301. whiek evidence of late Secrmary of the Beard keeping the expendi the Import Duties Committee, sad he seems to have but 454 of the legislation of the then receipts equal to an i I must say that 1 ha c rown, they were to receive from the defalcation of wit he corn laws ? (Hear, hear) Sins of the income tax had been take, alluded which the ne .hrance of a great fine in addition. (Rear, alluded to. I ficiency had been amplitiod into MIME but Ido not bell ve Where was the 25,0 00,0 e 01 . which the Minister in this hen 4.1. for Bolton proposal ? it was not to be chiefs to this cot u idling in the pound had been received, What is that but cries of " No," toll pay a chilling in the pow d. not only to of the country, but to maintain isinde. is that but • threat (Renewed cries if equence of this now economical policy. to hear these tie e what the principle of the income tax it wto be P erpetual. The right the repeeeenta eve as man, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, disclaiming any se unmated that it was T h e noble noble lord's suer ch. id of the government ought to s p eak that we have t d that point, because it w a s one of the cannot be too ' stances of the income tux that , while one me ask, what is th Where is the in , rice ;al to that house , for its imposition, LP at of the house. The right hon. hart. (the hostilities deecremel worth) told the house, with his ammo We were told, m t lity, that the income tax was a at amity with me ice for great national p si, ees; bat, we asked this ores iarliament was prorogue a letter convey the tru' tree ? he ',erne minister, cautainieg a rem night convey totally discordant and vaulty different; danger to con c inert up to that moment unexplained, sad against us ? e icable. (Cheers.) If a mejority of that begin is said that the F additional tax would continue* for oily (Hear, hear.) Y sembly was composed, he woul not say of the house I shall terials—(laughter)bt was one to ekes in the French Mister might appe with more confidelie British navy have er exiited. Was it more likely that the increase of the take it off than the right hon. gentthe the noble lord ai e lord , with regard to the relation in whidi was double the si col towards other countr expressed a then going to in in to an opinion that there was no roe strength of Or rs of Europe being dirurbed ; vet the noble alarmed at the id r e to propose a war vote. (Hear, hest.) are the people m relaree that the armaments of England them better pt sin that sorry plieht that they were repro present in this h in that they had been iecreased; sad a ll tuency in the e t in sn the vigllance of Nestor of final* of people—an , I s were so, where were all the advantage. town in the ‘k element, which wao to produce cheap go not been h. d Auction in the military esteblishments at protection, or 1 'he army was cut dewn, awl the envy oat and militate tine spiked, but after the hubbub wee over, there are the r , a reaction took place—you mile reformers) to say that nc n trews were gulled, and the armaments of the e ment that th , v ncreased while ynu were looking on. So posed to you. p my, and for attempting . to produce effeete these facts w, h forth to kir to be known were impossible. But it . address. An of petty criticism had mimed away, and that • let me ask at w nurser tolerate that gentlemen ehould get e? (Great cheer eg niteble perseverance, which he always sal at any time t n member for Montrose, mo )ified as it sem me for sayim t hat was charming—(laughter) —and critic* tify such a i.ro government with respect to the expenditure heard to-nig) A new era was at hand. Armaments proposal. r te or be required—ships no longer *tensile - patted cheer cents would be as obsolete 10 the Rama arm the cow tr se there was • new principle of mum It is true ' b ion throughout the world—the Milir in 1792, and at on dreamed of and anticipated in end had had th, i e was at length arrive). It appeared, hew' and the that, t ic new principle, which inflicted 5 per cent he we have now, them, was a costly compen. a tien as a plunged us i.,1 r s of perpetual Reece. (Leughter ander:al aristocracy and that new principle he had never spoken the arist , ocr. , ey .in that house, and be ven tured to admire the debt vh he was not supported by prme minutes calling on u . t But the principle now promound , d by the How differr .t 'or the West Riding (Mr. Cobden) was not se France has a ., at cell , r principle which he promulgated— five she now h of buying in the cheaper mathme end selling orders—no , This principle, which was not new to the position)-1 1— it was not eonfin , (I to enthwiasu or and she has tubs, or solitary monks —Mt it had befor e tivehnsFral ce cd men of action as it had influenced the Ministm sad been considered in cabinets and public st• the dangers w be need not remind the house of what had been ferred to Mr. 'suite of those aspirations. A century ends best proof nee it influenced public councils, and they had required, at d period the bloodiest war that ever elated. We are tole t Pierre's argument was, that Europe wit there is a eu in, and that none of the mates which met how very n l have an interest in going to war, because war of France o their interests. It was, therefore, Deemer, matter. h leer should disband its army; hut when i t was atinacyor t e ' Supposing any power did not consent to the men bad b. he replied, that it was incumbent on the others one peaceable principles of which he was* *tor. (Laughter.) So that it alt hav oeseMd ha the essential element of his roc r irte S rr t e , Pierre e .ht it t u w i d u t ws t the o no t gfallacy.o t e t o wa r , interest f r t , e ‘ohvfount those a u I 1 e.. oat • prob s probabilityH ep i w e dieritbdomu.eilt nity e p powers that were satisfied, hut, as in society! you are nis of ribl tm•k was created by an individual, who did not such c a' r et petition which he thoueht his talents entitled nil cries of "hear , hear" from the monsterial that we or .if o was war always produced by nations, Wei, or (R epeate d agitated fo r a forcircumstances,position.a 1. The hon. gentleman took an may view of the that isonstot rot; and he bad a right to do so, because he ban (Mr. war,. rhere well received. He (Mr. Disraeli) Inn . the continent did a great deal for him, because ways and reception, though perhaps be might be air ... *lr th a m th a wi n eY i .t deal for the continent. (Protectionist cheers) a T o tor. reason w . i o n . favoursop!t t• experience i t thine that the argument derived from is- reply, pert, mercial intercourse was a sound one. Look- 1777m,Inwerlihelan "Mlart.ionsEdewnhicwhaselisseted with nt lu elh 7 o r e. n ul o sin w P s :'ol a treaty he was not sir red that Mr. Pitt sheuia all be caw 141 in the expectations to which the noble lord