The Express. — London, England, 1847-06-15 00:00:00

title of that =simulcast MIL He trusted that re moth No the exhibition. this year was over, the wood work would be mend, admit the ball which was raw* better worth wt y am + than anything that kid been exhibited in it—(heir hi should no looser be concealed. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER mid seed not give an answer ; and hie noble triend the Misr Comadetheer of Woods and Forests, who would do so, wee net is the house. AFFAIRS OF PORTUGAL.—(ADJOURNED TR.) Mr. BORTHWICKPt on May 23 he had ming * qpnoliis of the noble IMP for Foreleg wee ethsthae tt eth haliallia al i t fatar i ranee. asthiligllnil la latereme la the Wake of Peetrepl cm the fointhilia tt Sr of the he aims% sad, antidgelig • answer, he put a fu rt her qthellea as to thr theme le whisk inerhawnee would M andeadwill_ by oar Win th e first guides the wide lid repli2= intheithethe weld be adeplai bawl me the quill mousses{ nth to the ewe( be replied that, in the era WO et sins, he anti met newer it fellig abc IMO *a int WNW midi be the leftoftho and the awe thst ef tin BOW eses. The . sweat* seenhat ibma passaged to anntala of the IMO ef tins With WA elapsed bin the inlawaten ens athothel. apthethal *at lt wail have ban nen ainmelagemee he diussned the gartion the eighths el the *mei would have bad a asete Ant them vow, tad be cited the course pewee owalug i UM, whim we interfered in Ponied. the *ben Wig Pen within 24 hours after the meow hue lbe theern ea the subject. The hon. member this melegialeed is the welded state in which the despatches bed been laid b thus house, and next proceeded to chanatedse the falaribeenie of this country in Portugal as a dagent nola tin of Mir& liberty, for the assistance of a than with wYi the Queen of that country was not really egeortated. le my weed contained in the despatches of the mottle lord at the head of Foreign Affair he (Mr. Borthwick) agilely etheerred, sad thought that by the volume on the table the nab Ind bed made • valuable addition to the diploma *this 'gantry, Still he could not resew& the as ill iV e the amble Lad with his words. With regret to the swish std. wait Ind the member for the eityol Load" the melds lid bed arrived at conclusions WU* tare met berth eat by the bean The noble lord had spina is the 'shrines of the eerie= idiom of Miguelitee, of &Owes. sea ofthe whin and torryyparWsin Portugal, but the peb eflfeete gal answered by deelanleg that ail party distinetkenthel bun thrown amide, and that they were now • mind He (Me. Bortbwick) had no sympathy withthiteethe= Miguel, but he contended that cause, be it geed sr be it bed, was not in the slightest degree mixed up with the ammo of the junta. The junta had drawn the sword not nen lithe Mortise of the people than for the cause of the thane, sad it use most unjust to charge the junta with being asteated by why holing of disloyalty. On the contrary, theta roam. Mum from the beginning to the end, declare that their hat war wee to resit the faction which on the in. h a d led be. trayed the Queen, and on the other had oppss the people. All the declarations on the part of the sees tineertheat proved their adhesion to the Queen, and they wen fen from any M' Lelia leaning, which existed only in the Ina gination of Costa Cabral. It had been said by the male lord at the bead of the government that the recast hare- Tendon had secured to the Portuguese people a eamdatetiessi government and the charter of 1826. But the wide led must know how that constitution had Deem mailliled and garbled, to such an extent that it gave now oily the hat of • constitution , and tyranny in the was of Illsety. With all the ie (keine of this gennuanat at Lisboa mad*, non then • promise could be 410111111 from the theses in inner of the Tones Vedras prisoner, who, he was infinesth bed actually ben sent to Angola in a ship met mthaleeed is contain half the number. Mr. Southern's rathethertee bad bad no effect; in fact, he had been deceived by the false promise of a change in their destination; and we were afterwards told that the very reason why justice could not be done these men was, because England had caked it (Hear, hear.) It was makes to way that the Liberees of the Portuguese people were seemed by the charter; it bad been tried already, and under it the greatest despotism and tyranny had been exercised. (Hear, hear.) When the prisoners of St. Julien, three thous and in number, were delivered up to the Portuguese government, was it not probable they would share the fete of the Torres Vedras prtioners It was said they would be set at liberty ; but what security was there for this ? What security had we, after all, that tranquillity would be restored ? He knew that Dam Antes had never received any notice of a eons belli, nor had he ever been warned that, on passing the bar, he would be aytaed. . It war true that Col. Wylde, whose every set had atlapMiped a decided partiality for the opposite faction, bed, en the lot of May, declared his intention to protect the Qua; but this surely could not be done in pur mom of a treaty signed only on the 27th of May. It we CAM that Col. Wylde bed made an inaccurate rem ethletith of his powers, for the primes of deceiving Da Amin ad bad indulged in • threat, emesseptible in its eltensest, and false la foundation. The melds lord at the bead "Ms gewmatamt had ands& to the revolution in this ea entry la 11r, Whom the people of England called in WAIL= ef Clespuse ; bust what wenn wen thin between that neat ad the awn essessemeas hi Pasemploulmea the reigning new* Walled is Snip sediansee spirt kw people? The noble Ind alluded to out laterthrenue as to Belgium, but there the people rose against their therreign, and they triumphed, and there was no wag ft all be tween the two cases The noble lord had also mil that he hoped the interference in the affairs of Portugal weal prove as successful am it had done with reference to Spea. If the reaults were the same, he could only say that thin would not be • town in Portugal which would net bo Wined with blood—there would not a province in width weld be said to have a settled habitation—there weusY met be en hour in which the queen of that whappy eremsy Nell be said to sit firmly on her throne, and Is iL inents end par poses Portugal would soon be analhilatel from mese the great family of European nations. (Hear, hear.) For five centuries she had been our faithful illy, and when all Europe, ay, even Spain herself, was against us, Portugal had stood firmly to her alliance. (Hear, hear.) But that alliance had always been, and should still be, be tween the two states, and there could not have been, us the noble lord bad supposed, a virtual alliance between Great Britain and Cabral if we bed abstained from iotermeddling. Ilia convictioa was that the end of this interference must be one of two things: either the establishment of • republic' and the destruction of the crown which we had been endea vouring to support; or, the absorption of Portugal by Spain, en object which England for centuries had been trying to prevent. He would put aside the blue-book and the treaties which had been laid on the table ; and on the ground of common sense, in the name of humanity, and of Portuguese liberty, call upon the noble lord at the bean of the foreign department to vindicate this exception from the general rule which had guided our foreign policy. He asked him to show why the Queen of Portugal was more sacred than any other tyrant, that we should have taken her part against the liberties of her people? (Hear.) Was it we had deposed another tyrant from the *vow of Portugal before, and the present one was our pet l e as w hom oi we were dsmnethed to maintain eaten teen • el chivalry than semi alstemanhip ? (He e, hew )) The gentle man proceeded to contend that our Nthrimmuit lathe ants of Portugal meld virtually sanction the endan of Loth Philippe with rellarenee to Spain—that it wee maul to the intermatlemal law—that the prisons onii eon won wined, la entody—and tint we bad Wm= then a the ellestieues of the people_ of Penn*. *Meg *elated the awing Akan Wait leed inbasi between the two slew, bombe siggied the viewless of the wasstry, deenoyed Qe ltheetiss - el her people laid the femadethem of thane roped_ , sad insmicebly injured the peathen of Nmeepeam_peagn_(Hest, hear.) Yr. MIMES said there were two quintlems reined by the was is he.. washer for ideate—ere, that the gnenweat lad blinheed, to the dishawat of the British wow w poach r awn st dimpsden k Portugal ; and the ~, tht inienandia of amp Idol be the civil affairs of soother maths we. milisidoeses awl amwarreatable end the able end WissedWed at the hen. 'plumber far Emir= m ad yto the led quoin& It WWI ani,bwriver, itadf; fir the _• met have timed be *ample We liberty Le v: y .sl pet nth. glebe within stensiag the *Memnon of the Sea eme and at the MO= to the ether. (Halt:= 7 .l The panel uppedin we. net merely aPortuicz k uwellem ; it we enpeem ignestion, in the serainnethe W In eke purpose el teetering taantal=a as alkali, of Waal They inlisfind on new speed apes IMsediemth inespostin of either of the emeMsellag peen la Pen opt, bat teem that Ina swan the Wean of the dues* sad the sahty of the sales* It we mid rat they WI wk the weed of the theism of Parnell fat time nebisemm* OMNI IMOUIII4 sal boa. esserala 81111•1111 to to *at wad with dendea. (Wear, basal= if the semellemehni party ought an to be with the weed el **thrum pledged to BmOned,wmallthey be *nee eff if England bad sot iaterfered, sad ol owed Spin and Faso ls Interfere ? But it was said that the principle of intermission was unwarrantable; that there wee • awn. diedia *twoom the weeds of the noble lord (Palmerston) ste =the deepatelsa and his subenneet ado. He (Yr. ) weld net Ind that the sable Iced lad kid it dein anywhere, that the principle of interrentith was be be *- violable, even when the quetion was merely esmuthaticmal, and not dynes*. The Idiguelite movement be was act dis cposed to pay math regard to ; m i ght not en imposeible ontingessy that Don Miguel pear on the new after both patties in Portugal had exhausted then strength, and it was the duty of the noble lard to confider the pordbility of with an event. It might he that after all puce would not be partathently seethed to Portugal, but the noble lord would have the abbe en of feeling that he hod does flee the bust, and that the blame and responsibility of the Ware would belong to others The hon. member fix Wycombe (Mr. Osborne) had imputed this interference to buck stairs iaillasees. That charge be thought answered itself, for he did net believe that any government, however composed, would dam to allow considerations of court favour or intrigue to warp national feeling. He trusted that the family osmosis% sub sisted - between the crowns of England and P0,141.124* be looked upon as a security that the throne of Portugal would for the future act on such wise and enethatinel principles as would enable the country which she governed to devote Itself to the arts of peace, and to the spreading of that commerce which once made her famous unapt the nations of Europe. (Hear, hear.) Lord J. MANNERS thought that the noble lord the member foe London had not succeeded in establishing say of the peeiticre which he laid down, namely, that the in terior of Portugal, the interests of England, or the interests of Nuropeen pesos, required the. intervention of this eimatry. It was admitted that the principle of intervention was not justifiable, except under extraordinary and peculiar eireanntaneee. New, he was prepared to show that there were no such peculiar circumstances in the present instance. What had been the result, after twelve years of interference in the affairs of Portugal ? An oppre.sc,l, exasperated, and ruined penalty ; • prosecuted, alietated, and disgusted tr.• . • • Tuß,ExPßos;:Turitirat riTENlN6,4iiiiii 15, 1)347. • AMU te . 144011 Aid, is Jae intsgrt . tini hi not Interim, view, hit was no ll j t = whatever roe ' an wsmd =n - etetn on our part. Our conduct must stand or fa; by its MS l owlier demerit. If interferases was wrong, on no ocirsit. shandd we have been a party hit; ear thou ebedi M to felest eil of te big& Bea was the 'Gadget of he when Mr. Canning was in power. ' hie whoa, in that year, he asked the eggnellnien es= rests of parliament to the course he was *beat to towards Portugal ? It was almost the hut spew* he (Crr., Buncombe) had ever heard that eminent statesman make fit parliament, and well did he recollect his ooncludiug words. "We go,' he said, "to plant the standard of Eng land on the heights of Lisbon, and where that standard is, foreign dominion anall not come." (Hear.) Respecting the motion of his hon. friend, he could not, after reading the pipers before the house, agree in the conclu sion* to which his hon. friend had come. He did not think the remit of our interference would be dangerous or min chinos§ to the liberties of Portugal. What said the Cabral faction, which had been the cause of the whole dissension? la one of their documents, published in Lisbon, and tonna the .I.rl of Loyalty,' addressing the Port uguese people. them that theirs was the cause of wade :Vey, that the proposal of the English cabinet sought to place the Queen's throne below the level of the junta, and that they ought to rally round the throne and Asked the imiitsctee of the country. This showed that it was time he .any man to say whether the government had enewegiged this prheiple of absolutism, or stood by the eoestitatimmitresehen lithe people. Sir H. Seymour, in addressing Lewd Pahnembra, ea April 14, said : Bot is. two Othemetenese I sheet/ hid serealos es to the themes cemented the whin ti her 1 1 4•Wit i =mset thee ha meth tic.. The AM of thos hos hem the metith eery ribber afro orris, Mad awl mallelakV e r li." theeseed rdl le ea smog hoe Ilia sonethese ons le he meth 'Me nibs greet Meshy, Night dome soh the emir rod eon elith I tot ta my ht ; hut We the abeam theatheoatabie. He thought it much to the credit of the government that they would not sanction the sacrifice of any individual who nee in defence of the constitutional rights of the people of Portugal. The Queen's party continued obstinate, not being willing to grant a full amnesty , while the junta demande d ' ether guarantees than those of the government if they laid down their arms. They had now laid down their arse or rather, we had wrested them from them,—(a laugh)—ind baying interfered so far, it was our duty te go further. The members of the junta and their party were no sons culottes revolutionists, but men of rack and respectability; and be believed they would have confidence in the joint declaration and guarantee of the three powers, particularly if supported by the voice of that house. (Hear, hear.) Their earnest wish, speaking in the name of the Portuguese nation, was to be governed under definite and permanent in stitutions, such as could and would insure to the people tub enjoyment of real constitutional freedom—institutions which would not be changed to meet the insidious designs of a minister, which would protect the rights of property, en-' courage the national resources, sad lead to the restoration of public confidence, by fair and equitable means. No aro could dissent from these sentiments as expressed the junta. They further observed, that it was not &she of change, but actual wrongs, that had driven them to the attitude they had assumed, and which they declared they would not abandon until they received a guarantee that the representative government should not be a mockery or irresponsible for its own acts. Being now prisoners of war, he was sure the house would agree to his motion, and, by so doing, not only strengthen the hands of her Majest y' s government, and give effect to the recent declarations of the First Lord of the Treasury and enable him to carry them out, but deserve the gratitude and approbation of every civilised nation. His amendment was— • That Omit Britais hash. home a party to kelp _armed bine bream b Portugal to timbals the vox thr leppW, preys& la that Modem, It Is the Ni at the home het. es temieNny bm seilena, ham= the &swat dr hid& ptheeseo ethe mewls be samba to the seeds et Partied the hthAoy. mot d thdr scorehnional rights ledpristkees Lard DUNCAN having seconded it Mr. MACAULAY said that he bad heard with great the amendment which bad just been moved— , fere l e u r r s e and counter cheers)—by his hon. friend, who had taken a correct view of the principles which had guided, and would continue to guide, her Mgjesty's government. He had also observed with pleasure that his hon. friend and others, who were at first deposed to censure the course adopted by the government, had, upon an examination of the unfortu nate circumstances which had compelled them to depart from the general rule, which proscribed an abstinence from interference is the internal affairs of foreign na tions, seen sufficient reason in those circumstances to justify that departure. He woo not surprised that such a fooling should have at first existed ; for there was no doubt that the minister who deviated from the sound general rule data-interference, was bound to makeout acmes for interfer ing, to the satisfaction of the country. (Hear, bear) There could be no doubt, and this was part of their case, that the crown of Portugal had long been surrounded by evil coun cillors (hear, hear) ; that most violent and unconstitu tional measures had been adopted; that acts, both cruel and diroceful, had been committed ; and that altogether cir lismstances had occurred to justify the people of Portugal be receiving with distrust any assurance on the part of the crown. It was not surprising, then, that the in terference of this country should be viewed with jealousy when the object of it seemed to be to rescue that govern meat, which was mark. d by so many faults, from peril. (Hear, hear.) Admitting all this, he was fully convinced that the government of this country had chosen the less of two evils ; for a choice of evils was all that could be expected ' from such a state of things. Considering that Portugal was distracted by civil war, and that other powers had • strong bean*a to interfere, he held it to be clear that no course whaerthr i , absolutely exempt from inconvenience and risk, was open to the British government. (Hear, hear.) He maintained, also, that no gentleman's argument against that course was sound unless he himself pointed out another line of conduct, and advanced good reasons for behest g that it would be less hazardous. (Hear. he , , ' Of the course that had been taken they knew and felt all the evils, but they did not feel the evils of the course which had not been taken. This being so he thought the government was fairly entitled to call upon every gentleman to lay before the house, not merely a statement of those inconveniences which were Inseparable front interference, but the plan of policy which should distinctly avoid those inconveniences without leaving still greater. (Hear, hear.) No such mea sure had yet been submitted to the house ; and he doubted if it wee in any hon. gentleman ' s power to devise such a plan of policy. In fact he saw in every other course than that which her Majesty's government bad followed inconveniences greater than attended it ; and hi- argument rested upon the peculiar relations that esisted between Eng land and Portugal. With any other powers so such ques tion could arise. In a similar state of circumstances in the kingdom of the Two Sicilies or the Grand Duchy of Tuscany we might tend a force into the Bay of Naples to I see after the lives of British subjects, but no such interference as in the case of Portugal would ever be matter of discussion. Our relations with Portugal were most peculiar, and he believed without any parallel in European politics, he might say in the history of the world. The right hon. gentleman pro ceeded to show this by a reference to various treaties be tween the two countries since the year 1381, when 30; archers and 500 men in arms were sent to Portugal, to aid that country in repelling a Castilian invasion. Such an un broken alliance of 500 years was without precedent in the history of the world. Eventually Portugal became the spot from which England moved the whole world, sad fought the battle of her own defence, as was observed by that general in those remarkable papers which, perhaps, still more than his military achievements, weed& land down his fame to posterity. That struggle elided, we bad all those old engagements solemnly re affirmed is the settlement of 1815. In 1820 we sent them emistaaes ; and again, in 1834, England Interfered, sad Demme a party to the quadruple alliance. Well, here was a country allied to us in this remarkable mazer, and for eight months that country had been the ' theatre of an extraordinary civil war. If he were asked what was the origin of that war, he should, without bents don, say misgovernmeat. (Hear, hear.) Constitutional rights violated at Lisbon, revolutiouary movements going on at Oporto : on the one side the most outrageous despotism, on the other a momentary approximation to t =te ialt the one side and on the other of the con those who seemed to guide were in everything otherged. There was not either on the part of the queen or of the junta power to dictate terms to their adherents. The queen mdght be mid to have beta held in a species of tutelage by bar ministers, who threatened to resign their offices or mai ttarryy commands. On the other side the junta were nmrretadod by the very scum of military . adventurers eager ler em ployment, and discountenancing fiercely eery shiver of peace. The country . remained uncultivated. trade was suspended, and British antenna aniseed severely_ mid pet, for several months, the British gewernmat Jaletlethi say by healing counsel, and by presebing moderation to loth factions. It had been admitted by all, even by the hon. member for Montrose, and those who most blamed the go vernment, that never had the principles of non-interference been more clearly or more ably put forth than during the flex months of this struggle in the state papers of his noble friend the Secretary for Foreign Affairs. (Hear, hear.) But It had been said that a change came over the government policy, that the words harmonised badly with the deeds, .that there must have been some mysterious cause, some back-stoirs influence, to cause so re markable an alteration. Surely, according to his view, the simplest inspection of the papers would nuke the ch ange easily understood. (Hear, hear.) The reason was simply this, while the question remained purely an internal ques tion, the English government interfered only by counselling moderation to both aides, but when it became an inter national question, a more marked and positive interference became necessary. (Hear, hear.) The inspection of dates, in the bluesbook, the contrast there presented in the tone and temper of the different despatches would show that the English government ceased to follow the strict course of non-interference exactly at the moment when the ques tion ceased to be en internal question and became an la ternational one. He would oak his hon. friend the member for Montrose, or any other hon. member, however attached he might be to the general principle of non-interference whether he would not admit the, that sometimes the intone' affairs of a country became intermixed with its foreign rela tions ? Nould any one deny that there were some instances in which the general rule of noninterference mast he sus pended? (Hear.) Two instances bad been meek alluded to ha the muse of that debate, and either would Mutest@ the position which he bad advanced. Take the interference of Queen Elizabeth in the internal affairs of France. What, in the abstract, was it to Eastland whether the court party or the league predominated ? But the queen knew that if the league prevailed it would have the effect of throwing Franco into the hands auto house of Austria, already too powerful for the security of Europe. On the other hand the success of Henry IV. would give us a powerful ally against Spain. Foe these reasons all persons, however attached they might be to the principle of non-interference, Lad always 'shaky ; a bankrupt exchequer; a heedulest, swept, and perjured administrating ; a eseatre in whisk amemeree mad it/Tindal» bed meseato mitt, mad whisk wet Made a by word theadleseettheirund.neelnetsetthelthter renews Y epaia lied ad bass etteedled with happier sestiltn. as Might be seise hem the ingstek el the =hie kid (Pat etismo) he Mr. Behrer, is July Met. The malt et the roast ieteribresse wield be a new lease of wrong &deg to the gemeemeet GIP He eassidered that they was net bedded la out et eight all that led sneered la Testiest loafers the dth at October. The Ise of election whisk had been peseaniseasd, sad the instrustimis whisk had lam pablishel Sa dot law by the Behest Palasells, were distinguished by greet and spikes et with appeweel, bent by Lord Howard de Wallas mid Mr. Borth ere. Bat even It they had been extremely vaned, be was surprised to hear it said, as it had been said hee. member for Pomfret Milne.), in the Sritisk Here of Commas, that justified the military revolution which had taken Ogee, blue book proved that the immient of the kali itiDes Autos had been ehareelseised by great ihellawasse end aseimation, and &owed le the meet humble IMg ! is ea with the simisherMitet of the Moles bear.) t aill Atde Seidaska iced thet eub C abral to had endeavoured give a aunt to the preetut revolution; but bent Nis la hie din. pan* of the 20th et Odes% Saelillia Is kis of the 23rd, denied that it em eldhser sey aigremation.l The noble lord (Lord J. Ewell) had rivedlisineemileet at Mr. CaneinA in 182 S. Why, at that poled M. said that the Rieftwome should be allowed M simeese allni a ewe Word allaim,- language with which the es t e e new puessul by Deem' was totally at variesse. le was easier ' to observe whet metzedietory statements was made in mimeo te Des Miguel. At one mamma Ship esiers told that be wee a =easter of atrocity; at enedeer, that the sational holing of Portugal was so much in his favour that three powers must interfere to prevent him from Gbeaia the mown. If Don Miguel were really so leveler as was represented, how could interference taustified uniisteutly with the doctrine that the had a right to select their own rulers? ' t;er odd any hon. gentleman who recognised the princi pies which had put William of Orange on the throne of Eng land, Lash Philippe on the throne of France, Leopold on the throne of Belgium, reconcile those principles with the um of areas to prevent a people from placing on their own throw a prises whom they loved? It the interests of Pal were stated as the ground of interference, he mdse t , sithat the interference should have taken place imY diately after the first success of the queen's troops ; for maay of those cruelties and atrocities which had sham been committed would thus have been What a spectacle did England present! For Ln":4 1 1: she had been ridiculing, remonstrating . against, cioteesdag, and preventing the interference ot Spew, end, at the ellemmth hour, she was driven from her position, forced to ads& that Spain had the power of interfering, and led to interfere her self, because without doing so, she thought France and Spain woul d step in witbont her. Such a spectacle was not creditable to this country ; such a course was not likely to lead to the future tranquillity of Europe. The noble lord had maintained that the interference wee called for by a just consideration of English interests. Could it be for the per manent interest of England that, whenever the three powers which joined with us in the quadruple alliance agreed that intervention wee right and necessary, whatever might be our opinion of the particular case, we should interfere an concert with them ? He would, by way of illustration, imagine a great revulsion to take place in Spain. Could they then say, "Let the throne take care of itself "? No, they would be debarred from taking such a position by the course recently pursued ; whenever Spain, Por tugal, and France decided that an occasion had arisen for interference in the affairs of the peninsula, Elegised must use force to carry out what was considered n out (Hear, hear.) He agreed with the hon. member for R ebury, that, as England had interfered, she was bound to see that the interference was attended with the desired remelts. (Hear, hear.) The noble lord (Lord J. Russell) said this must be left to the Queen of Portugal. They could not shut their eyes to the fact, that the government of Por tugal was in the habit of violating its pledgee, and that, in the direst extremity, when crouching to England for assist ance, it was just is false and cruel as it had been in the hour of full prosperity. Sir George Seymour, in writing to the Conde Das Antes, in May, had spoken to him of pledges " based on the unquestioned good faith of a gracious sovereign." Would it be credited that the noble lord, the minister for foreign affairs, writing on the 15th of February, directed Sir George Seymour to say to the Portuguese government that it would be a breach of faith to deal with the prisoners of Torres Vedras In " the manner contemplated," and that they nevertheless were treated in " the manner contemplated" previous to the Conde Des Antas being reminded of the " unquestioned " royal word of the Portuguese sovereign ? Atter such conduct as this we could not with any reason ex pect our conditions to be submitted to; and what, then, mutt be the consequence? Should we be called upon to inter Are next year in order to exact the fulfilment of our stipulations? If there was another national rising were we =d to Waders to put it down, or were we to set a in 1847, not to be acted upon by ourselves Ia OM, = rnat eertain to be followed by almost every other aatico at say time that it might suit their con venience to interfere in the affairs of an adjacent country? (Hear, hear.) The noble lord opposite had cited, on Friday night, certain precedents for the course pursued. Amongst others, he had called to recollection an intervention which had happened in the affairs of our own country in 1688, although it was strange how little the noble lord appeared to see that the particular prece dent bore against his arguments. According to the noble lord's theory, one might suppose that whenever a revolution had so little hold on the affections of the people that it could only be sustained by force of foreign arms, then it was to be described as " glorious, pious, and immortal," whilst if it was so deeply rooted that it could only be put down by the armed intervention of three powerful nations, then we were justified in describing it as impious and inglorious. The noble lord, moreover, had described the junta u inca pable of maintaining order amongst their own followers, and as having absolutely lent their sanction to a reign of anarchy in Oporto. A more ungenerous cruel, and unjust accusation than this surely never had been made. Agate. sated as the people of Oporto were at seeing the flower of their troops captured by a most disingenuous manoeuvre, their conduct was not only tranquil and peace able, but towards the English in Oporto—towards every stranger whose nation had taken part against them—they conducted themselves with absolute kindness, and displayed wise, humane, and even conciliatory conduct. A merchant who had resided twenty years in Oporto wrote to him that morning that the statement reported to have been made by the noble lord the other night was utterly unfree. He rad that during seven months that Oporto had been crowded with troops only one instance of insult had come under observation as having been offered to any individual during the entire period. Any thoroughfare in London would, he declared, exhibit in one night more scenes of turbulence than had occurred In Oporto during the entire seven months. (Hear, hear.) " Oa a review, th erefore, of all the Mecum stances," said the noble lord. " I gannet arrive at any other conclusion than that the conduct of the Portuguese govern ment was such as justified the Portuguese people in an at tempt to secure their lives and liberties. The whole conduct of that government appears to me to have been most extra ordinary. Thu Parturiss• might say of them, as one of our poets said of a gwoleemeat of his day— . What well tbase madam banns! Testa Idle us salmi peter peace, aselso es either* enswee ram ad wined power mewsm r ))lase as ream* epee the premises et this government for Se!atmret Ide wiliness we ma trot them ; and it is he m.. I believe this internmeme ea our part not to be for the interests of Portugal, beam*. I believe that the interests efla iewassaist ke the disgrace attending the transie nts, imee le be AIM prosellag pens, I believe it will pro. dese a thorned resew aretees thee that it was intended to eseppene—it is for then name that I give my support to the besi.mmeher's prom Aim erademordery of thin interrention. (Seer, lure .) The J feet , Indeed, is beyond our recall ;we 0111111114 will *ON Ifitie suffered la the fatal exile to Angola, we surd Tema ilasse who have perished in the tumults whisk ham eseenred • hat, sir, there is one thing the Com mons lisalead poi is. de--the future is still before us ; we ma siendiate the president which has been set by the overaiment a our country; we can tell the pewees a Europe that we will not be bound by this est, last we protest against it, condemn it, and will not men it to be drawn into • precedent! That is a constitu tiael course for a House of Commons to take, and I trust that by the mei epee this question we shall affirm the pro =of fad position, and declare that this inter feron ref to the country, nor in out opinion likated. pawto the interests of Portugal and edit we dia. it calculated to disturb the tran ifaity of Bereps cad the world." (Much cheering.) Mr. T. DIINCOM3MsouIii not help expressing his regret Nat the house had est earlier in the present session heard km the opposite Wean those expressions of deep affection gtrwaYlgtlosalhedseawhich bad been enunciated that dOiLr. (Red, beer.) He was much mistaken if on a pre date weeder, this vary year, he bad not heard from those ewe lair an emphatic declaration that the most perfect blessing wee the most perfect despotism, and that the Em perors of Russia and et Austria deserved the gratitude of ,mankind for extinglisithig the independence of Cracow. (Hear, hear.) lie said not help thinking that there was more the met OS eye in the support which those noble lose and hoeserable gentlemen were giving to the emetics Oahe bee. member ter liketrase. Friends as they prelim& themedvm if Meek% mooarchy, perhaps they we emboss& *lithe MUSS' pursued by her Majesty's acereenuat leaud, rather than otherwise, to promote the came etmmiktdieal airs. (Hear, hear.) But, far above the Jessie of parties, there was one consideration cou nseled with this subject, which, in his opinion, it was spe cially *portant to keep in view. Now that interference hod talum place, our chief object ought to be, in Lis opinion, to seem Insquillity to distracted Portugal, and to see her people plead In the enjoyment of their constitutional rights, and of all the advantages the intervention could afford to them. It was with that view that he was now anxious to propose the resolution of which be had given notice. He must frankly say, that, after reading the papers which had been placed in their hands, and after attentively considering the speech of the noble lord (which was the best possible commentary upon those papers 1, he had Geese to • aeselusion very different heaths views he had beetled toentertain when he Stint heard of this interference. Throughout thus ppaap p GS n G he must confess that lashed found a desire and a - lion on the part of the British government to protest the Tighe of the people who were to arms. The 'overeaten here, as all who read the papers must confess, were placed in a difficult position, and had a moot difficult duty to perform. The consequence was that they were abused by both parties. (A laugh.) There was one plea, to be sure, set up in their justification, to which it was impossible for him to subscribe. It had been .that ia bitufarence was perfeetky Again, there.. was the lateen's's of the General of Holland In the English tr d 1688. The states wan In great danger fr s om ag g deosinaet- power of home,* witich they knew would be *cold William 111. obtain the crown of England. t a lo ad efaiiir kand,ifisones 11. retained the throne , h e would do so lathe vassal ot Franco, and in this lay the true vindi laden et** interference of the states general. These were the limM MI& were insisted upon by Dutch statesmen as taking tie Intervention of 1668 out of the general rule of non-inter se. Now if it appeared that the rule of non-intermotion teased to apply when a question ceased to be an inhernal question, he would ask the - house to apply that rule to the present cue. Was it not clear that in Apnl the questies cheesed its character ? It was clear that then Spain folly contsminted, and had resolved on, interference, although the hem mumble for Finsbury had been unable to find In the paws • single trace of Spanish interferenoe. The of *met Palikeeo in 'en beg to Mr. Helene on the 41141, IMP them: Nigher lls stmt her pea th at allhot e the horldt venreset be deliglied their the alto INA am% areolibei at that Z i C a reet Pol=rhelt sod thee Aped the troth d the pan* allow doubt tie pert. pet this sith bthethabould Itlip thy mewl set be pair be the LlC.,ajp• :•• • ••••? .. ft m delle t. tht in.... reder sable mod, ha ings;uumteg la dew la accordmot sib Outsod le wry eft the iaterveatka In the mom era an the belt width sada be delmoird es berths dieter preiretha I moth beesevon mire topos, did to the west ea map rein Indog width dee drop ef Dam Kola do Carlo right be owethroes. Opera goverweent weld net pos sibly enema es orb a wieekepbe. and wouht set done and data own thew& Mr. Belem ownsering upon this pasties, hewer, Ida that N. Peetreth nal whim ore M arrive at sew Yr t. elks In liven of dr Quirk Is moth week our. serer rat he Ire se with le Ithiehr t eh Pik ea wow d leme. Yle at Aerie de we wither ear looms. liat, at the Name ohm I dirk art the mar he will Pep hr sr:Ma eta tworee its trap be tee eateddid te OP the here of ore of the parties, sod thenby resent Ile rift( reeowthis asordow ;es that, wider eondo elmerdossen he loth alst= t ata owe •••• hon the rattles is wlidi be will did pred. to enter lento without ranee with ea, and ems contrsry to our whims and He maintained, therefore, that Intervention, which could only be armed intervention, wee contemplated, with or with. out our concurrence, by the Spanish government. He thought it mutt also be conceded that the French govern ment considered that in taking . that course the Spanish government would be acting wisely. The expressions of Guizot were clear and strung .on that point. He said, "We think that what is now taking place in Portugal justifies the call for assi-tance." He conceived, then, that the case stood thee : The Bntish government having laboured by good offices while the question remained an internal question. found it at list taking the form of an international question. In this state of things Spain collects troops on the frontier—Spain declares that in *certain case she will interfere. France declares that she thinks Spain takes a just view of her rights.; and under these circum stances it was for the English government to consi der what on the whole would be the best course. Let them try to apply the principle of non-in terference to the ease of Portugal under one of two conditions. Either aheolute, not assisting either piety, or non.interference, at the same time preventing other" from interfering. Simp ly, in fact, interfering to keep the ring. Suppose we said that if Spain sent an army, we would send another, and a navy, to resist it. He would compare the in. convenience of such a course with that which the govern ment had taken. Now as to saying absolutely, "We will not interfere ; France and Spain may if they will, they may occupy Portugal ;"—he conceived that each a course would be absolutely disgraceful to this country. (Hear, hear.) lie thought that considering our ancient historical and intimate relations with Portugal, such a course would have been nothing less than a complete abdication of the place which England occupied among the nations of the world. He thought thst if we bad taken that coons, and Spanish interference had been the consequence and had been successful, the position of the popular part; and the junta would be worse than anything that could now happen. (Hear, hear.) He did not wish to say anything disreepectful of the Spanish people or government, but it must he admitted that wartime had not of late years been carried on in Spain in the most humane manner. (Hear, hear.) He b:lieved that there was not a single man of the liberal party in Portugal, who, if asked which foreign power he should wish to settle the affairs of Portugal, would net at once answer, England. (Hear, hear.) that were se, he thought the course we had followed was clearly a better course than absolutely . abrtaining from inter ference. The other course was not to interfere, and if other powers attempted to interfere, to step forward and prevent it. Now, he supposed that there was no member of an Eng lish House of Commons who would risk a threat when he was not prepared to risk a war. (Hear, hear.) Then, were they prepared to risk the very grave alternative of die turhing the peace, which, for the lest thirty-two years had subWted in Europe (Hear, hear.) When they con sidered what had been done during that peace for civilisa tion, humanity, and good government, and when they com pared the state of Europe during the last thirty-two years with its state during the twenty-three years previous , he thought that few would incur the responsibility of setting the find spark to that masa of combu•dible matter which, if set blazing, would he neither more nor less than a European war. (Hear, hear.) Such a war might be redly com menced, but whether 1850, 60, or 70, would see the end, was what the wisest man present could not foresee. (Hear.) But still let him be understood, he would not give up one single moral:, rof the junta to prevent a European war . (Loud cheers) Mr. Fox, although a lover of pace, had said that although he disliked the Bourbons, he would not forfeit the rights of hospitality in regard to the worst of them to prevent a war in Europe. He (Mr. Macaulay) felt the same with regard to the junta. He therefore recommended no unjust course, but to make a settlement for Portugal beneficial for herself, and which should prevent the degradation of giving Portugal up to Spain. Look at the protocols. Why, our first demands were perfect Immunity for the popular party ; and let the house re amber how hard the bottle had been fought. (Hear, hear.) The Portuguese government asked that some might be sent from Portugal. No ; we would not consent to that. Welt, let them be sent to Paris, whither their fortunes would be regularly remitted, with further aid, if required, from the government. Not one mile from the territory of Portugal. Eighteen? No. Sixteens No: Twelve? No; net one. Net one would we give up, and those terms we had adhered to to the last. In order to avoid a collision with Spain or France, they would not connive at the banishment for ten months to Pans of one member of the junta. Complaints were made of the unconstitutional acts which had hewn committed; by the 2nd Article it was provided that they should be revoked. It was complained that the calling together of the Cortes had been too long delayed ; by the 3rd Article it was provided that they should be immediately convoked. It was complained that the influence of De Theriot and the Cabrals was too powerful; and by the 4th Article it was provided that no member of that party should be restored to power. An Hon. Monsoon—now will you guarantee it ? Mr. MACAULAY—How was it to be guaranteed ! He could not conceive a better guarantee than this—that, hutted of an agreement between the Queen of Portugal and her sub jects, it was anagreement between the Queen of Portugal, and England, Spain and France. who had the undoubted power to compel its fulfilment. (Hear, hear.) This was, in his opinion, a complete justification of the course , r hich the government had poletted. There was a circumstance to which he would diode, which related to the manner in which the orders at the government had been carried into effect. Even if the aloes in command had neglected to give due notice to the authorities at Oporto, that would not justify any one In voting for the motion of the hon. member for Meatless. Still it was the duty of the government, when ibess who had served them well, and long, were smell* to lose the lb* opportunity of vindicating them. H .. Macaulay) meted that there never was a fairer or oldies, and It any one ventured to deny it, he did not think that they sonM do so e OneCien dowdy. On the 23rd of May this letter wee addressed by the captain of the Gladiator tstitetoMi • Mee thOeo seesielde Mahler_ „May at. Having wesissittoi to yam e ler weellowy * ehr m=l othrwee No isliftnistar rristrah lf d 'efitoetllltlea astf=tiery 4 0( a liittor Valli old* I ma domed for Ids Easslataf Ike Ones Dos Pr" awl Wetherell's. se stab Wirt With I how the imili meihe Wsn owii redre tis ie ri a."l" , s heth. mimaimywas irtt e N thet ai i r ua l= s ewe d limin dthoordin esoptrv in.""" D.ha lsz k le t. ea h..... the ft Pryor It nor be id& Udine Wee the answer wen seselead: ifs orsebbnallisie govemmat is net Mod by sari Dbl.° whip eeethe dm ken amplories their V mime bees bi Ha mom ea= .1... Jr awe whisk the el rit.6 ZlitTairog eretstes ad reran le d i =thi lliw the sal e= etiethewlen It te, fit the wthethred wee we= sorb es~listpereosellimer totoldomMovillilloonter et Path Pother. dot la ere the opeetheo hene hee "eft is wit t gebyaßelthhearitiatteltitaVflusisadmilined, la et Ids irk ailed te thplth dot mg set at bre* prt et the Dellia ddp mirk ilie gi t i e .. theeref tbe lave wordlied moth apire tai issmemyi liana Inst mem tommli sod mipoled Itarlidlomblispeth mil et ed AIM red York amid tO k =For lighsele Weedy sad at as sit = ow Illerioatlia ons. dew Yard eel its raw Let whet may be the media pm labs la Mies at the lesleisniens dyer spodeen the dime ef Ihe alert width will Nth reads ohm dor by driers, ad fdli Yr arts In a rmor wYi red art the SWIM 'ldyllst Under them dninastunes, he world defy any OW to Nay that tbiwie hod net boss • MI and fair notice given. Ss had amain intim to odd, mop to thank the house for the meaner in which they had listened to him. He would nun up shortly thus—that it woe utterly impoesible, consi dering the relations in which this countrry stood to Portugal, not to interfere ; particularly considenng the position in which we stood as regarded France and Spain. If we had not interfered, and suffered France and Spain to interfere, we should have lowered England to the bottom of the scale of nations. If we had not interfered, and 'aid that we would declare war against France and Spain if they interposed, we should have incurred a grave responsibility, and in curred the danger of plunging Europittato a general war. Nothing remained, therefore, but to interfere in the manner in which we did. There were three almost ineo objects to he attained—the dignity of England, the of Portugal, and the posse of Europe ; and there wr e t it s= one way by which they could be attained, and he b that now they would be effected. If the policy was right, there could be little dispute as te the manner in which it was carried out; it could not be doubted that the means were adapted to the end, and that the instruments were well chosen. He repeated that they had done the dutu c hleh them lay on in the manner which bad been so emp expressed by hie hon. friend in the amendment which be had moved, and their consciences acquitted them; and be hoped that the rote of the house would acquit them, in this embarrassing juncture, of having failed in their duty to England or to Portage/. (Cheers.) bibnaZehen fe—;l7l).l;bseeb able to procure mAL;; Lai G. mairreicK sew shes b e sess u r n that every view to dethrone the Writ. for his. mimi h ipi wis icsidnope its statement made by the right the whole of their prierodings. On the a pps W. e th it.h ei he w etu r pa th tpfth e e re ri" to d call the j ests 5 set .. c.. .... b on , mg bona temilintin , dot be had heard with nothing could possibly his more mod e m s tee ltisrl, dr h om es calls alsarbas far Finsbury come to declaration of Das Antes, the chief of th e i .:: die Mir of the with an amendment What prete w p t xtesp o; =re d& lie number for Finsbury, who copy of it, or to ascertain any one by whom it had u 1:4 0 ", eul liba 11184.6 Mejest o / f li thiligi=6l.4 nrast f l * z r ay M e °n be tmse en hig li kly e w d u e- gicidel Southern ? bat bus pleased in a Tea to refer to the opinions of signed. The conduct of the junta contrasted most favour", ipso wen est on tbse - An house, and who had left it with that of their opponents. While the Queen., tonne s ,7 tarot irabt and Wend abomeioo that while liberty was Riga killed 150 of their enemies, and only made a single an Am tad lips, the love of depetier was in his heart— (hear, soner--" no quarter " being evidently the order of the end isenbter)—w hen be OM iteward to save her Majesty's on another occasion the junta, being victorious, made a o e .' r biers from a vote of mitten gm their interference in the number of prisoners, and little blood was spilt. When el; toped concerns of Peelvol„ an interference made at the soldiery were driven almost to frenzy by the account of ir e ' alma when it was admitted by her Majesty's minister at TorresVedrasprisonen being embarked for a penalsettle mo ; limber, that lb. Wanda of the Queen of Portugal the officers of the junta interfered to compel the itisje. - :, gm . basest dagaeate. (Hear, hear.) The right hon. of a prisoner at Oporto. (Hear.) It hod been 'Laid that o: m g yam; entered into a very interesting cause of liberty would be bat served by this ho use rq a " .blararr of ear portions treaties with Portugal, but in that to pass any censure on what the government had done, g e e elentment be to mention one circumstance which what security was there that the Queen of Po ~ ,y. gNgiygd in um . When Philip the Second of Spain not persist in her illegal and tyrannical arts ? Only o e — e t; Ir mo, to alogner he adopted one method which bth of January, the nephew of an eminent member id th e bar tobillartapplaratt to have practised on this junta had been seized in the public strict and hurried of th oseesiess. piesnaded th e leaders in Portugal to mix sand a dungeon. There he was crowded along with 450 w 50-6 Ida dr panda of the troops • and her Majesty's ministers other political offender', who knew nothing wh atever of the mom& le bare persuaded the honourable member for Fins- charge against them ; they were kept there till the 29th of Wry ID Min mad with the powder of those who professed to April-20 days after the intimation given by our goews be boom of T. The right hon. and learned gentleman merit of their intention to interfere. They would nal Mimi to defend the proceedings which led to have remained there, bad not the prison hem e rs e ss the imenroestion In Portugal ; and he found that he was un- when 70 or 80 of the prisoners were butchered in the inert; able no deiced the principle of interference in the domestic by the Queen's troops. (Hear, hear.) Wilet freassets , comm. et onstber sows try. He appealed to the danger then, hail we for constitutional government in ren eg e; WWI Maid bon ollended any other proceeding, and he It might be said, the Queen was now pledged, not to h . spoke et Use resporibility which would have been incurred people, but to England, France, and Spun. But the spiri t by my that ventured to risk a war to settle the of independence in Portugal was broken ; and how c os ta affairs Portugal. There were but two courses to be par- the people there be continually governed by interfere ws sued--either to look and not interfere at all, or to threaten from without ? The best guarantee for their liberty g as that, if other nations should interfere, to prevent their doing the full enjoyment of the privileges of the constituting, e s e so. The hon. and learned gentleman read extracts from when it became a question which party should be Meow , communicators made by ?dr. Bulwer at Madrid in his why timid not the victorious party, as in this country, haw despatch of the 9th of April, in which he followed the claimed the appointment of the ministers. What was dna example of the noble lord at the head of the government, liberty, unless the party who had a majority in the who read the despatch of the Bth of April, and omitted to were entitled to conduct the government ? Never wee th es read that of the 6th. If the noble lord and the right lion. an occasion when an extrinsic interference had been me t and learned gentleman had not found it convenient to with so little of justice on its side ; it was the moo lsei skip that despatch, they could have informed the house at blow that could have been struck at the liberties of the the same time that her Majesty's ministers were afraid to country. The Portuguese people had been told that wh et incur the risk'of war ethat they threatened the government of ever efforts they might hereafter make for their own freedom, Spain with war if they interfered in Portugal without the no sooner should they be on the eve s f sum s, thee a s consent of this country, end that that threat was altogether Queen of England would send her nary cents efficacious. It was true, as stated by the noble lord, that the ocean to coerce and crush them, however j et Senor Pacheco, on the Bth of April, aid that Spain was might be the cause for which they were one*, desirous of interfering in the affairs of Portugal, It had been laid down by all cenatitutiosal writer, th a t i s and threatened to send troops to the frontier ; that Mr. attack the constitution of a state was a crime against scene Bulwer had an interview with Sense Pacheco on the 6th, but when parties did so who were in office, they added to the and distinctly stated that if Spain did interfere without the crime ; and it was then the duty of the people to oppo se coasent of England, he must be prepared for very serious such a government with all their power. He felt that th e eassequences. In answer, Senor Pacheco said that lie might coarse which we had taken would entail future diftiotee red assured that he would do nothing without his concur- on this country. Should it be the pleasure of the King of rear; and Mr. Bulwer asked if he could be sure of that, to the French to find some excuse for deposing the lame of which Senor Pacheco replied, "Yes, quite sure, and that, Spain, and placing the Duchess of \lontpenaier on he adopting his ideas, they refused to tined to Portugal an throne, he did not know how this country, after the come auxiliary legion." What became, then, of the fears of the we had taken with regard to Portugal, cotes kw' s , government, that if they peredited and said to Spain, if you (Hear, hear.) How differently did we conduct meths interfere on behalf of the queen we will inn rferc on the under the administration of the Duke of Welliagee, part of the people—what ground was there for supposiag when the French deposed Charles the Tenth—he that there was any risk of war with Spain ? With at once acknowledged the choice of the French people, se regard to France he was at a kW' to discover that there bad so in Belgium, when the people threw off the yoke of td been any determination an the part of that country to inter- King of Holland, we did not hesitate to take their pet fere in the affairs of Portugal. On the contrary, the utmoat How different was the course taken by Mr. Canning, jolts, that was said by M. Onizot and M. St. Aulaire was, that when he so carefully guard d himself against battering the they would be prepared to consult with her allies on the independence of the people of Portugal. The exidect d subject of any interference. The right hon. and learned her Majesty's government sadly contrasted with that of Kr. gentleman and the noble lord stated that they should be Canning, who did not fear either France or Spain, sad were sorry to beton"; to a government which bad abandoned our we to be told now that Span owed us seventy millions an. ancient ally, Portugal, but they seemed to leave out of their ling, that we were to be bullied and cowed by Spin? calculation the people of Portugal ; and when they recalled (Hear, bear.) It was our duty to protect the inieperukse all the treaties between the two countries, and when the of Portugal, but not to dictate or prencribe lawatober melt right honourable and learned gentleman quoted from Me. BORTHWICK explained as to his atatem ee tte i e that of 1661, in which the King of England of that Das Antes was not informed that he world be taken prise, day,in consideration of the increase to his dominions, and the by the British fleet if he attempted to leave the Douro, the large dowry brought him by Catharine of Brogans, said he (air. Borth wick) had obtained his information boa a that he would take the interests of Portugal to heart and friend who had just returned from Portugal. defend all her dominions as he would himself, he forgot the In answer to a question by Mr. Hr me, phraseology adopted betweensovereignsintreatiesofthiskind. Lord PALMERSTON said that full notice had beta The treaty did not engage us to:defend specially the Duke given to the junta that their ships would be wiled if dey of Braganza of that period and his heirs for ever, but simply came out. With regard to a letter which had been seldroM the interests of Portugal and her dominions; and the ques- by Sir H. Seymour to Das Antas, dated the 20th of May, tion, therefore, was on what principle the government of and which had not been presented, the reason was that Ds England had proceeded to west the Queen of Portugal Antes was not in Oporto when the letter arrived there. against her own subjects in arms against her? The affair The debate was then adjourned till to-morrow (thieday). was not one of external aggression, with which alone we The house adjourned at ten minutes past I. were concerned, but of internal insurrection, a matter be tween the people and the sovereign, wherein out of 26 of the ancient nobility of the country 9 only aided with the government. (Hear.) In his opinion, never was there a more flagrant interference with the internal affairs ot an indepen dent state. (Hear.) The noble lord opposite a amitted very candidly that the question had been who should be the government of the country, and, in this ailinisliOn, confessed that the present administration had pursued a policy wholly at variance with the principles which not only our greatest statesmen of past times, bat which its own leading members, had emphatically enunciated on former occasions. The noete lord talked of the people of Portugal taring as a guarantee the faith of their queen ; but of what avail the faith of a queen who had but just broken her coronation oath to maintain the constitution of 1838, and who had steadily supported an administration who had utterly destroyed the finances of the country, and in their grasping exactions had produced oppressions never heard of else where ? How monstrous the conduct of a government who retained on their estimates an army of 19,000 men, while the men on the muster-roll numbered only 3,000, the pay of the nominal 16,000 being shared among the principal military officers. (Hear, hear.) In Portugal, under the existing order of things, all was plunder and corruption ; every place was matter of purchase ; the money going into the pockets of the officers of state. There was Cabral himself ; but five years ago the son of an obscure shopkeeper, and himself since employed at an ostensible salary of 8001. a year ; this person was now one of the very rich est men in Portugal, the estate of Thomar, which he had purchased, and whence he had derived his title, being alone, it was said, worth 10,0001. a year. With respect to the impost of burial fir for interments el the public oemeteries, this was another cause of excitement to the people, because there were no walls erected to surround the cemeteries, which were infested by dogs, and the herds of wild swine peculiar to the country, by which the dead, who had been interred after the payment of heavy fees, were tern from the graves wherever they had been deposited, and the places were desecrated. These events brought the popu lation of Portugal to a state of frenzy. The case of the poor pageant woman, whose name had been given to an insurrec tionary rising, must be remembered by the house. She brought her dead child for burial in the village churchyard, hut the priest declined to bury the child, and appealed to the law, which forbade him to do so. The poor woman, nimble to pay_the ten shilling fine required, insisted upon the burial. The result was that a disturbance arose, the military were called out, blood was spilled in the church yard, the peasantry, though only half armed, defeated the military, and in a few days from the incident the whole country rose in arms and required the dismissal of the Cabral administration. Another offence given to the people was the monopoly of the tobaoreontract, which, though never before conceded for a longer term than twelve years was granted for a period of twenty-three years. So also the contracts for gunpowder and soap : and thus in every way that it was possible the people had been plundered and pillaged by a venal and corrupt ministry. (flea.) These were some of the offences among many others. But, in addition, laws had been pared without any reference to the Cortes, but by the mere publication of decrees, and the elect .ns were con ducted without any regard to the freedom of the people ; but on the contrary troops were marched, in direct violation of the charter, to vote in companies. Ballot papers of a par ticular colour were distributed, so that the government could ascertain how every man voted ; and of course the result was that the elections were carried in favour of the then existing government. It was one of the provisions of the constitution (as in this country) that the military should sat be allowed to interfere at elections; but in the instance to which he (Lord G. Bentinek) referred, they had not only interposed by recording their votes in whole companies, bed they had also interfered with the people by force, and blood had been shed in many of the very churches in which the elections were conducted. But this was not all—a poll -tax of twenty pence per head had been put anon the whole populuion, without any differ ease brag made between the rich and the poor, and this tax woe loomed under the pretence that it was designed kw the maintsmaire of the public roads. Under this poll-tank was arranged, that where the peasantry were unable to g:74 , they were mentitted to commute by giving 11 days ' labs. 1a on; i a public work,. This, of itself , was felt by to be a great grievance; but the grievance becemse Pi t greater berm= these very public works afforded no bonsai to the country, but were rendered the means of the meat se. farious system of jobbing. It was notorious, under pried which could not be resisted, that Jose Cabral had realised 60,0001. by the contract he had secured for public works be. tween Lisbon and Oporto. These were, as he thought, more quite enough to stir up the moat patient people that ever es der in the world. And, es might have been expected, they row in orno—juntas assembled in every part of the country, and in May, 1846, anew ministry was appointed ; and no mar bed the people obtained a government which in their • spi. nits would do them justice than with one accord they MI down their arms, and in the course of a very few days =A venel peace prevailed throughout the whole of Portugal. He (Lord O. Bentinck) contended that a people who well so behave and conduct themselves were worthy of freedom and of a constitutional government (Hear, hear.) The Queen of Portugal appointed the Doke of Palmer per minister, and made to her people a proclamation to the effect that all those grievances should be redressed. The Queen called epos the people in these honourable words, " Poe !ugnese confide in me." The Portuguese nation on this invitation had confided in their Queen, but it s a l t ... peered that then the elections which were to take in October were near at hand. The people demand the ex pulsion from Portugal of M. Diets, who was supposed to be the adviser of the King of Portugal, and they were renal upon to hoist upon the jar impmehment of the minister who for five years had committed so many breaches of the constitution, and had been guilty of so much pressure ups the people. For this reason only, on the night of the 6th of October, the Queen of Portugal, in breach of her coronation oath, in breach of every part and parcel of the constitution, sent for the Duke of Palmalla and the military Governor of Lisbon, and put them both under arrest, whil e s h e appointed a new ministry, which, though it had not one of the Cabral at its head, was to all intents and purposes a Cabral administration. Wu it not, then, the natural consequence of such a proceeding as this, t o ot the country i should again rise in arms ) They did so, even though the whole military power of the country was against them — though they were quite unprepared and taken by surprise, yet in the course of six months all parties became united, and were on the point of perfect tuccou—success not with a prim. _ _ - - . The Went India malls, excluding those for Mexico, Gonda/ix and the Harmful, will be made up on the morning of the lure. The mails for Vigo, Oporto, Lisbon, Madeira, C,uns, and Ghisnw, will be made no en the naming of the 17th June. The mails for British North Atneriva, Bermuda, and the Llintel States, will be made up on the evening of the lath June. The overlend moth for Gibraltar, Maim, Greece, the lain 'Mix 21PtAden, Ceylon, ladle, Ilona-Kong, and Mina, vie Sisatben" be matte up on the seeming of the lath June. The overland closed mails, Ma Marc Mee, to the 31editemsigh Aden, Ceylon, India, long Kong, he., will be made up es tie evening of the 24th June. The made for New booth Wales, Van Diemen', Lad, eed lien Zealand will be made up on the evening of the 30th June. The mails for the Brazils, the Elect Plete, Monte Video, Pew& bow, Bahia, Madeira, and Buenos Ayres, will be made op a Us eveMog MUM 44h July. HIGH WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE. T. 154,--Itandaz 18 mI.. p.m 3; Ahem." 44 41i. pat I. To.llo.aow—llor.ing, 5 mi.. put 4; Afteracee, II mi. Or 4. LONDON, TUESDAY, JUNE LI Ie a doubt lingered in the minds of the majority d the House of Commons of the necessity of abstaining from any vote hostile to the government for its conduct in the affairs of Portugal, that doubt most have been removed by the truly eloquent and em phatic speech of Mr. MACAULAY. For this very les son we may speak with more liberty, both on the subject of our Portuguese policy, and of Mr. MACAU LAY% speech. We admit the cogency of the right hon. gentleman's arguments with respect to the present; and thoughoce altogether coinciding with them, we ackoowledge the force of the appeal " could we have done better" But, waiving this question of the present, we must re peat, that the policy of the government creates ray great risks and great uncertainty fur the future. And we will add, that Mr. MACAULAY'S enunciation of principles increases the uncertainty and the risk. Lord Joule RUSSELL, in his speech of Friday lest, expressed his approbation of intervention, provided it had a good pretext. Mr. MACAULAY goes farther, and defines the pretext Non-intervention, he de dares, is wise, and to be observed in the in ternal affairs of other nations; but when the internal affairs of ether nations become inter national, that is, when they excite the passions, af fect the interests, awake the remonstrances, and lead to the interference of neighbouring countries, then intervention ceases to be a wise principle, and inter vention becomes the rale. Now, we merely observe to Mr. Macieur that this doctrine at once blots out non-intervention from the list of duties, or even of pcssibi lities. Let us look, for example, at the repined& Can there be a stir, a breath, a political more, party change in one of the countries of the feninvill which does not instantly affect the other? Why,every internal question is there an international owe. It is not merely, that the exile of the legitimate successor. and the substitution of a sovereign by constitutiorel right, in one country inevitably? eads is a similar revolution in the other; but the ascendancy of a court or a popular party of exaltados or moderadas in the one, infallibly leads to its triamph in the other. If, therefore, intervention be warranted, when the in ternal affairs of a neighbouring country become international, then Spain takes an eternal right to intervene in Portugal, France an eternal right to in tervene in Spain, Austria to intervene in Ital y . Mr. MACAULAY is a cabinet minister. His words nrif perthisiuncithdoeuirs,thecanmhdoug'hihnoethistilEeurotoinier.e instance will indepen denceolmlulsiLddsngemoatelih of every second-rate power. Mr. MACAULAY followed up his theory by as . a; ample, which we also think dangerou s and ill-jonea He depicted Portugal as an old dependent nim England—as a state which came to us for aid in tba fourteenth century. And he asked, with mach point, and powerful effect, " How can you desert la old a friend ? When a connexion of such dighat date demands intervention, how can you refuse it. But this doctrine of the sacred duty of Englanaa! protecting Portugal, of interfering in her pato` Parties , and supporting this dynasty or OA what is it, bat the doctrine which France real and puts forward with regard to Saba Louts PHILIPPE says that Spain has tell for centuries a Bourbon property, and aba t by the family compact there mus t exiat a close offensive and defensive alliance between Frio and Spain, nay, that France must have exclusivece e ` mercial advantages in Spain, just as England boa f, had in Portugal. England manages the dynast/ " Portugal, and interferes at Lisbon when sh e p lea. ; So shall France do at Medrid. And Louis POO' has just as good and as antiquated reasons toeholds: French protectorate at Madrid, as Me. Mech. has to adduce for an English protectorat e ! I Portugal. These are the doctrines which place and Portugal at variance, and which place and France at variance, and which are the Ow gushing sources of quarrel and of war. t y What we most blame, and most regret , eeches of Lord Joule RUSSELL end of MACAULAY, is, that neither of them Pate l ", neither allow the immense change that has 11.".