The Express. — London, England, 1848-02-11 00:00:00

IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT. HOUSE OF LORDS.—ThVBSDAT, FEBRUARY 10. 1 Tke LORD CuANCELLOR took his seat at 6 o'clock. COLONIAL RAILWAYS. Oa the presentation of petitions by Earl Frrivrit mat - I and Lord ASHBURTON, prayiNe for public grants for rail I ways in the North American colonies, Earl GREY begged to inure the noble lords that the importance of promoting railways in her Majesty's North American colonies bad not escaped the attention of the go- i tenement, and a roast survey had been made, but the re port had not yet been rent home. Application for public money fur the execution of works of public importance had teen made from almost every rlooy we possessed, and it was necessary to use great caution in making such grants. He would only add, that, notwithstanding the immense amount of emigration to Canada, there was no want of la. bout for the emigrants. BOARDS OF GUARDIANS (IRELAND). Earl FITZ WILLIAM moved for a return of the several unions in Ireland of which the board of guardians had been dissolved, stating the population, the extent of acres, and rateable value of eseh such union. The Marquis of LANSDOWNE, in the course of some general observations on the subject, which were inaudible in the gallery. was understood to say that the Irish proprietary had evinced the greatest desire to avail themselves of the provisions of the Drainage Act: 2,400,0001. had been ap plied fur, and the number of appli ca tions actually sanctioned had been 896, amounting in money to 1,063,2201. He bad not the least objection to grant the return,. In reply to the Berl of Ct.aait. sai The arquis of LNSDOWNE that th Irish landlords were , to be repaid by instalme d ntse loans to the . Altar a few words from Lord MONTZAOLB and Earl FITZ WILLIAM, the subject dropped. DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH THE COURT OE. Lord STANLEY wished to know, if this bill passed a second reading en Thursday nest, on what day the noble marquis proposed to go into committee , as the following Mon day would be nn inconvenient day ? The Marquis of LANSDOWNE intended to go fully into the merits of the bill on the second reading, and after the postponement which had already taken place t he he shouldtsre pr ceed without further delay to pass t billthrough io maining stages. As Monday, therefore, appeared to be an inconvenient day, he proposed going into committee on the following night. Their lordships then adjourned, at half-past six o'clock. HOUSE OF COMMONS.—TnuasDAY, Fez. 10. The 81MAILia too PUBLICair at 4 o'clock. BUSINESS. NOTICES OP NOTlON.—Wisnorr Tex. --Lord Drscas, on the 24th Mat.. to more for the Immediate repeal of the window tax, an *maxis to the health of the pour, and prmrlng unjustly on their reSources. EM.I.DANTS TO AllitlCA. — Mr. LADOMORRE, OD an early day, to move for leave to bring in a bill to make better prosiaion fur the carry ing of passengers by sea to North America. luau Pooa-oAno_—Mr. R. M. on the 24th Mat, to more for leave to bring in a bill sulanduting union inatead of electoral arms, for rating to the relief of the poor. Pmnstrantarr Or Dora.—Mr. hisser, on an early day, to MOTO for the total abolition of the punishment of death. Cover or ANTAL IN CRIMINAL. CA,...—Mr. Ew.sßr, on the 24th inst., to more for leave to bring in a bill granting the power of appeal In criminal MOD Duerr Tsar:rms.—Mr. KWAItT, on an early day, to move for leave to bring in a bill substituting direct for indirect taxation. lanai Went 1.,01,—Mr. It nowt% oil a future day, to move that the poor of Ireland be employed in the cultivation of waste lands. PICOT READING.—PubIic health Pill. S2XOND READING. —Distilling from Sugar, &a., Bill. The Marquis of KILDARE took the oaths and his seat. NORTH STAFFORDSHIRE ELECTION PETITION. The SPEAKER informed the house that he had re ceived a communication from the petitioners against the return for the norfhern division of Staffordshire, stating that it woo not their intention to persevere in their opposi• tion. COUNTY COURTS. Dr. BO WRING wished to know from the right hon. gentleman the Secretary of State fur the Home Deeart- ment whether it was the intention of government to bring in a bill with a view of diminishing the expenses of legal proceedings in the county courts, of which great complaints had been made ? Sir G. GREY said that it wu not necessary to bring in a bill to amend the County Courts Act with a view of pro viding for a revision of the fees ; the Secretary of State, to gether with the Treasury, having it in their power to revise then. altogether. A gentleman was at present engaged in making inquiries on the subject ; his report was in an ad ♦ timed state, and he hoped in a short time to be in a position to state what the government intended doing with respect to a revision of the fees. ENTAILED ESTATES. In reply to Mr7ii.COcis The LCIRD-ADVOCAIE said he hoped at en early period to be able to bring in a bill fur the purpose of afford. tog relief to the owners of entailed estates in Scotland. LAND IMPROVEMENT ACT AND AGRICUL TURALSTATISTICS (IRELAND). In reply to Mr. MAW‘SPLL, Sir W. SOMERVILLE said that he would be able to produce in a shirt time a return of the sums which Lad been applied for and the sums which had been lent under the Land Improvement Act. He was not able to say when the agricultural stati.tics relating to Ireland would be ready. THE CANTON OF VAUD. Sir H. VERNEY wished t. know from the noble lord the Secretary of State for Foreign Aff firs, whether the de cree of the cantonal government of Vaud, dated the 24th dey of November, 1847, would affect British subjects in that canton, and whether the remonstrance and advice tendered by Sir S. Canning to the government of Switzer land, for the purpose of dissuading the cantonal govern ments from arbitrary and tyrannical measure, against those who differed front them in politics and religion, had been attended with success ? Lord PALMERSTON said he was not aware that British subjects would be affected by the decree alluded to. And even if British subjects had been affected, he did not know that this would give the government a right to inter fere in the way . cootemplatel. Our charge d'atfaires, how ever, had received instructions to make what remonstrances shouid appear nuessary. IMPRISONMENT OF PERSONS BEFORE TRIAL. Lord NUGENT then rose to move, pursuant to notice, for leave to bring in a bill to repeal so much of the act 2 & 3 Vict. as gives the power of applying the system of separate imprisonment to persons before trial. There was much con. fusion in the house, and the noble lord was very indistinctly beard. He contended that the practice he sought to effect the discontinuance of was wholly opposed to every principle of constitutional law and of natural justice. Sir G. GREY gave full credit to his noble friend for his motives in bringing forward the motion, but he could not assent to the introduction of the bill, repealing, as it pro posed to do, , me of the most valuable provisions of our cri• minal code. The system was not a penal system upon un. tried prisoners, but, on the contrary, a regulation most bene ficial to them. Dr. BOWRING recommended his noble friend not to press the question. Lord IdAHON should be glad to ascertsin what was in tended to be done respec:ing penal punishments generally. The question had last year been kit in a most unsatisfact tory condition. Sir G. GREY paid he should introduce a measure on the subject of punishments this year, but the whole question was surrounded by greet difficulties and embarrassments. The plan indicated by Lord Grey last par would certainly undergo considerable moditications. Lord NUGENT replied, and the motion was by leave withdrawn. lIIGHWAYS. Mr. OSBORNE asked if say measare was to be brought in on the subject of highways ? Sir G. GREY said snob a measure was in preparation. PUBLIC HEALTH. Viscount MORPETII then rose to move for leave to bring in a bill for promoting the public health. His lord ship said that in rising to move this bill for the second time, he certainly felt ro diminution of the anxiety and earnest ness which attended his first effort, and he hoped he might say his last failure on the subject. He did not feel himself called on to enter into the subject of the proceedings which ended in that defeat. What then passed, however, had left two feelings uppermost in bin mind; one, of his increased responsibility, that there should be no second failure ; the other, that whilst last time a great deal was *aid and nothing done, so this time comparatively little might be Raid, and a great deal might belt-fleeted. It might be remembered that in the proceeding's last year two iojuoc•iona were given to him—one to set forth in the bill all that it was proposed to enact; the other, to bring in • bill containing only two er three clauses. These injunction* were opposed to each other, and having to choose between them, he had decided to comply with the first. Aiming at as much conciseness and brevity as were attainable with the efficiency of the measure— disauding many adjuncts which they would have been glad to have included—they had *ought in the first bill to lay the basis of an efficient measure of sanitary reform. Perhaps he could not better state the objects which such a measure should aim at than by quoting from the pe'ition of the working cluses, presented last session, in favour of the Health of Towns Bill. These were the classes, be it remembered, for whom they had to legislate. If health eluded the rich man in one place, he might pursue it in another ; but if the parliament did not provide health for the poor, they were quite unable to provide it for themselves. The petitioners he referred to prayed for seven things: for better water—better sewers— the removal of nuisances—the improvements of the dwellings of the poor—their better ventilation—the erection of public baths and wash-houses—and the construction of gymnasia and public places of amusement. lie would now proceed to state what the bill itself proposed. They abided by their proposition to form a general board of health, consisting of five members, of whom two should be paid, and of whom the president should be personally responsible to parliament. He was aware that this proposition would not meet the views of those who were specially impressed with the inconvenience of what they styled centralisation; but he was fully convineod himself that without some regulating central power, the set could never practically be carried out. And he had reason to think, that public opinion coincided with this view, and that therdseras • general conviction that when duties were thrown on irresponsible local bodies, they would trimly be found to fulfil those duties satisfactorily. There fore, whilst he should leave the working to local bodies re presenting those who were mainly interested, be considered it right that there should be a general board to provide indis pensable preliminaries, to suggest plans, to check abuses, and to exercise a superintending control. This brought him to state what the constitution of the loud board should be, and on that point they also adhered to the opinions expressed last year, that those local bodies should be more or le-s con nected with the town councils of the different boroughs. Two objections were raised to that—fint, that the machinery was onethrous ; end second, that the boundaries of boroughs were not well defined. They proposed to meet the first ob jection by providing that after a certain number of house holders had applied for the operation of the act, and after the report of competent inspectors, then th e order in council issued by the exec utive board shou define the number of which the local board should he composed, and that the town council should choose that number from among their own body. With respect t the question of boundary, they proposed that the same order in council should prescribe the number of sanitary officers to act for the outlying districts, to be chosen from among the guar dians of the poor. Towns and places where no town Gout cil existed would be subject to a similar arrangement. With regard to the limits of their operatinmi, they proposed is make no exception in England and Wake with respect to the operation of the act; and hereafter, if the bill was found to act well, they would hope cod extend it to Scotland and Ireland. He had said they id not exclude any part el England and Wales, and therefore the house would under. stand that the bill did not professedly exempt the metropse I lig. (Hear, hear.) He did not wish to mislead the house. I They had appointed • commiesion specially to report upon the measures required bye e metropolis upon this subjed, and he should hope bring in •a bill specially applicable to it, for owing to the great extent of London. its large population and the number of interests involved, he must candidly say that he did not contemplate that it would be easy, until the supplementary bill was ready, to apply the provisions of this measure to the metro- 1 polis. He now came to the question of the duties the beg , commissioners would have to perform. There would elf I course be some localities in which certain measures would be mare expedient than others; but the duties which the kal i boards would have to conduct would be these: They would be bound to have regular meetings, to appoint an tweeter of nuisances, to prepare a map of their localities, to reclaim house-drains to be made, to cleanse and water the public streets, ti fill up or cover in ditches, to keep a register of slaughter houses and lodging-houses, and to provide sufficient water for general use. They . would have permissive powers to cover sewers, alter privies, &c.,whitewath and purifyhoutes, I provide buildings to be u sed so slaughser-houses, alter public buildings improperly built, supervise their ventilation, pro vide public walks, and purchase and maintain waterworks. Them objections, of course, must be carried into effect by means of rating. The rating clauses would be of the simplest construction, and would admit of the rates being levied on the districts specially to be benefited. He did cot like to commit himself to the question of cost, hut it bad been esti mated that all the necessary sanitary provisions could be de frayed at a rate of not more than 4d. a week per house. He did not mean to include any clauses respecting cemeteries in the bill, but it would enact that whenever the Board of Health found a churchyard over-crowded they might have power to prohibit its use. (Hear, bear.) With regard to the subject of ventilation, that had been put under the superintendence of a special board, and cones quently would not be comprised within the limits of the proposed bill. Such were the main outlines of the measure which lie proposed to lay before the house ; but he could not conclude without endeavouring to impress on the house some of the grounds which, in his opinion, rendered it ab solutely imperative that the present or some other equivalent measure should be adopted without delay. Amongst those grounds he did not mean to lay much stress on the cholera. If that dreaded malady should arrive the government had already adopted all the precautions that could be devised. It might prove only • temporary visitation, and as such be met by temporary remedies, and in s o far the governmeuthad already done something by reviving the Cholera Act of 1832, which would admit of the speedy re-establishment of local boards of health, if they should be required. But what he more immediately sought to impress on the house was the fact, that they were not now called upon to provide temporary remedies against temporary evils, hut against abiding evils of a vast extent, evils which were the perms cent causes of by far the larger proportion of noisome ills that infested the populations of towns and cities, and which exceeded in their fatal ravages the bloodiest slaughter ever witnessed in the battle held. (Hear.) Ile was not about to trouble the house with any unnecessary quotations from those statistical proofs which right-minded men hail deemed it expedient to bring forward in defence and illustration of sanitary reform. There might have been inure in some of those estimates formed by enthusiastic inquirers, and in the deductions which they made from them, but even making • liberal allowance for those exaggerations, there remained sufficient to appal, as well so to rouse, the house to exertion. One writer in a medical review thus states his views The conclusions to which our examination of sanitary testa and estimates has led us are the following 1. That the advocate. of sanitary reform are justified in ...inning 2 per cent. RA the rate to which the mortality of all towns, atal o foorti"rt of the country at large, may, by proper sanitary measure -, be reduced. 2. That there are fair grounds for assuming for the whole of the population a still more favourable rate of mortality. 3. That the estimated annual sacritice of 35,000 lives in England and Wale., and of upwards of 60,000 in the United Kingdom, la not greatly exaggerated; and that a more moderate estimate of 30,(00 for Englund and Widen, and 51,000 for the United I:lowdown, way be very rarely wooled. 4. That the eatimated amount of eickuena, like the estiinated waste of life, expressed in years, has been s thearhat exaggerated by the :Wyo. este. of sanitary reform; that 20 awes of unnecessary eicknese to I unneareaary death, is a safer proportion to assume than 25 to I • and that the total CARS of uunevaosary sickness will have to be reduced accordingly. The reviewer then goes on to say : The annual mate of life and 'author of health reduced to equiva. lent, in pounds, chilling., and pence, under the heads of Sane., funeral. and labour twit, a represented by a grand total for England and Wale. of 14,a13,911/., or little lira. than 15,000,000 f. Merlin,. Of this enormous total the metropolis contributes very nearly 2,00,0001, and Lancashire upwards of 4,coo,tacil. The sander& of comparison employed in these calculation. are the rate of mortality and average age at death in the moat healthy registration di-trict of each county ; the ages of the living being dieregunled, and the rate. of aicknew to death being taken at I to Is. If itas ~Mal 'lament at see had been taken into account, if the more moderate standard of two per cent. had been auhatituted for the pertain,. too favourable mortality et the moat healthy district, and If the ratio of I to 28 between deatbe and came of sickness had been made to raider some abatement, it Is ant impossible that these 15,0181,00 r might be redored to consider- I ably leas than half. Possibly the total waste of money might not ex. teed the sum annually raised in the shape of poor rates. Discarding the higher figures of these computations, and taking them even at one-ha:f, lie would still he justified in asserting it as a truth, that there were annually 30,000 lives sacrificed which might be saved, and from 7,000,0001. to 8,000,0001. of unnecessary outlay, which, if not avoided in future, would be attributable less to the folly of the legisla ture than to its criminality. In a subsequent part of the tame review, the writ. r thus proceeds : The calculations published in the tables of the Health of Towns Amociation embrace only three head.-funerals, sickness. and la bour wasted. Orphanage and widowhood, which Impose a perpetual burden on the poor laws of about 51)1)00 women and children, and an annual burden, which, though not yet eacertioneil, cannot but he considerable, are not taken into the account. then there is another enormouti item of waste OR misappropriation of motley, not contained in these tables—namely, the mime squandered in the thane of defec tive and coldly structural arrangementa above and below ground. What all these barbarisms hare cost and arc coating an, it would be • difficult to say; but that they amount to several million. gyear no res. sanatile man not doubt. We refer our reader. to the repatta of the Health of Towns COMMLIAOR. and t e pulaication of the Health of ' Towns Association, for particulars. If they appear exaggerated, let them halve or quarter every item, and there will still remain the met remarkable expose ever t mauled municipal and national ex traeaganee. One brood principle may be safely enunciated In respect of ramtary economies—that it come niore money to create disease than to pravent it; and that there is not a single structural arrangement chat iteable with the production of disease which is not also In Malt an extravagance. The return of the Itegistrar-General of the kingdom, for the 1 , quarter ending Dec. 31 last, had just been presented, and in it he found the following statement The quarterly returns are obtained from 117 district", subdivided into 582 eub-rhstricto. 36 distract,' are in the metropolis, and the re- 4 maining SI comprise, with some agricultural district", the principal towns and cities of England. The populatlor. was 6.612,800 In 1841. , 57,925 deaths were registered in the last quarter. The average num ber of deaths deduced from the resume of the corresponding quarter of nine preceding years, and corrected for increase of population, is 46,800. There is, consequently, an Cicero of 11,376 deaths m the quarter. The deaths registered in the December quarters of 1845, 1846, and 1847, are 39,291-14,093-37,925; the mortality In the fleet ie to that of the last quarter nearle as 2to 3. A Might increase In the mortality was noted in the returns of the June quarter, 1846; the mortality in the following hot summer, when the potato-crop failed, was excessive. Cholera and diarrhcca prevailed epi demically. In the autumn of 11146 at well as the winter and Raring quarters of 1447 the mortality was still higher. Scurvy mewled in the beginning of the year, but in the summer the public health appeared to be ' , lightly nuproved. Epidet mica of typhus and influenza, however, set in, and have made the mortality in the last quarter of 1817, higher than in any quarter of any year since the new system of registration commenced. About 16,000 a year, multiplied by 10, the recoveries to rage death, a calculation lower by 18 than Dr. Playfair, we have yearly is England above 166,000 Wad" of this loalluoine disease which may be pre. vented—a disease which does more to pauperise our population, to fill our workhouses with widows and orphans, than any other, and for this reason—the typhus fever for the meet pert attacks men and wo men in the prime of life—from 20 in 40. Thls le the age at which the member. of the working claws marry; and U the tether of a family it cut etr, the widow and her children are rest for support on the poor retea. fir 01 a painful cause of pauperiem, and it becomes more eo from Its permanence. A widow re left with children is wi den married a wand time. From the broke of the union,' it appears to take piece only in one case out of JO. leo wonder, then, the poor. low unions have to support 40,000 widows and 100,010 orphans year after year. The evidence afforded by the medical statistics, that typhus was a result of causes that could with certainty be prevented, wan overwhelming and conclusive. Dr. Hall. of Preston, speaking of the sanitary condition of the town. skid The deaths of infants in Prestos, ended by Dr. Doll, under one year, were--well-conditioned streets, IS deaths to 100 births ; mid ' dling-cooditioned erects, 21 deaths to 100 births ; ill-conditioned struts, 38 deaths to 100 Meths ; woresenditioned streets, 41 deaths to 100 births. We see, then, and the remark holds good not only in Preston, but also in other tOllllll, that the mortality is in proportion to ' the condition of the houses in which the children live and the streets in which they are situate, no lees than 28 per cent. more of deaths taking plow in the worst than in the beat °auditioned streets of Pres ton. the mortality being 15 and 41 per cent. t The condition, of Leicester and of Nottingham was exemplified in the following manner: P In the pariah of tit. Margaret, Leiceeter, the average age at death • in 1840 was—well-drained streets, 24; partially drained streets, 173 ; I streets without aoonvonne. MORTAL/Tr or !WIT Ward. Death to each ln3. Byrne@ Ward Worst 1 at. Ann's Ward '^ d2 36 St. Mary's Ward ln 30 castle Ward in 43 Beet ItSberwood Ward Park Ward in S What he (Lord Morpeth) wanted to show was, that death daily occurred from causes that the legislature could remove. Very recently he had seen a statement in one of the papers, which he would read to the house. wtiVklnvesigatfon recently took place before Mr. Baker, at the , Mweemarphme, on view of the body of Mary White, aged rid=pin. ...Wr y a instituted by the medical officer of the lode% In masersance of the many deaths which have Mien ghee Ism admire win. Ana Briant, a married woman, said des hod need In Sagewastart about a wee; dui ing that period ' threw was essewso_ a ham he which some one was not ill of fever. noshed. km aii, ha bar labouring under ato for two ineothil. Mane kr theirt wait misted the mother to attend the WM. lit doles Taselay. Wiesen had no doubt that its death war cansal by lb Imam sesompleseeti the court. Several of the jury ob wlit tiet the thaw Meriml to be in a state of fever, and Mr. Webb, IS ranlgneering elm, etc that the whole of the inhabitants ol the court lad dr ems mawaracce. Mr. John Liddle, surgeon of whit/chapel tale, mkt thit he was first called to see the deceased on the 20th August. in ereepliasee with an order. It was then suffering rum fever and diarrhea. The parent would not let him go into THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 11, 1848, th e n ob. Si me rnere and and fablallearg::dia MUM kntwo oohs, ribib b ew re I neV c s: 4 B i lit l iarra trit Oat is b. - eft w h e elies drlngest tho lever, another De Mt NOW thas a that Xr. elhitt wNoillag a m fav .• the gialmansellona thormthhere fan „ a m, Blies toes proved that Van be Its pare Mu mttlnffmg decomposition ot =MI matter, is fatal; art M. F risc o b botobi, has Mr Or 1.100 of its ealeme.llol &they a fag, and I mime la MO fa sollebent to dem a Meg. Om soma warn to be then* so the Mb „by with tam. The jeryretnehed thd wain alba the tiessred deed her dierhas sod seer, by gee nen and pi:Swoons Autism In Hayeementrt ism want • theregr lgo. Beebe, surgeon to the Lying-in Hospital, Limps* gives the following account to the editor of the J Olderlia Public Health, of a case which had come under his notion ese o b ebb sir d retember, IStri, I was requested to visit • was rajbasi at Itarawith-ternab Peithatetreet. I fair eallidog Ms eleven attack° , thesatery: ant mann ifeellymingles ta mo kethe when the smell ell there Moir pert at it benne am ~we, arising nom the sod snippet, whieb were ettnelth shon four feet from the On rashing Inquiry, I wee Mend Ilbeserer anything me Mown Into it the stench ma* to log thiestad threvaith the ha se, ! Yea to th e upper room On fbisilsr after another sew occurred in this Om th er sod two younger &linen were attuned I vim ,the mother (who was near her sonfinement) soon WINO open to the NYC dame; and then, to men the god cats tiro West children were seized 'tin. typhus fever, and il l o t rthes nee took on typhoid symptoms. Item then were ems hmo b b a beb boi in jeopardy by a moot unwarrantable nuleann; Im g eq boos gond that this Ls only one Menace among moray la Ws town. Th• mother and youngest child with the infant died ; all Iles gaga men epee* bat their recoveries were very tedious, until I IM thannthered to another hone lathe neighbourhood, when In tworpther he *, change in the father's We was most remark- • ehle and d m the children got rapidly better, but the pecuniary re- I ac tbothelly were entirely annoyed by their lung illnem. Ulm were Wend perm ill in two hones of the same terrace, and doehtless from the nos cause. He had absteinied from making an allueion to the lamenta bly long list of persons, whose duties as medical men, poor law officer, or then engaged in the service of religion, bad called them into localities in houses where they received the seeds of maladies which hurried them into the grave. One name, however, prominently headed the hat, that of Dr. Jordan Lynch. The other individuals he would not site, bat he might be permitted to refer to an extract from a state ment which bad reached him from Neweastle. A few short months ago Bishop Riddell, the Rev. J. Standen, and Dr. Charlton, were in communication with the eutheritles of New caste, to represent to them the tilth, overcrowded, and infected eon. oft ee i g ebouring y linen... The project was then entertain.' of removing fever patients to a more open and elevated part of the town, where, In some temporary or other building, their chance of recovery would be greater, while the spread of the infection amo the inhabitance would be kept:in check. A similar guereation was m ng made ► by Mr. Greenhow at the time d the cholera. Dr. honing, In the paper which he read in Newmetle, in 181 e, at the meeting of the British Amocistoci gave a remarkable illastratioci of the success of each a removal In the coam of the obese; but the proposal of June Ito, in Rewentle, wan not adopted ; the ranitary condition of the Infected diAtrict has since undergone little amendment, and the fever W extended its ravages. The Rev. J. Standen is dead -the Right Rev. Dr. Riddell is deed—martyrs to their self-denying devotiou to the cause of suffering humanity. Ho knew it would be slid that all those men died in their vocation ; but it ought to be recollected that there hail been no provision made by a munificent nation for the widows and orphans left behind them by the class of men to whom he referred. (Hear.) There was a gentleman whose name would be familiar to many agricultural members—Mr. Josiah Parkes be meant, who was engaged in some extensive drainage operatioes, and who thus expressed his sentiments upon this important subjict : lemon la here, W. 'nether being dead; she wan buried yesterday. • She was a nice, clean, hard-working, respectable women, and, what is very vexing about her death in, that a nasty, filthy town drain, I that nice under their house, has been the noose of it. I till Fewson he Mould inform Lord Miirpeth of it. Such deaths are really awful, and of very common °mores e. Fewson is my superintendent of drainage in the l'hienivivark. Ile wren me that he fan his father will fall a sacrifice also to the same thaws lath that within *Apace of 30 yards 'spare there are 16 houses, wherein there hove been 18 cases of fever, one of which, Mrs. Fenn, •Ms died; and neveml others have han a very narrow escape. tine sesdical gentleman, Mr. Walton. • nanntrate, who ham &needed 16 out of the 18 of the abovesnaraed fever coon is of the same opinion es myself, that those fever canes are brought on by the bad state of ' the drain, winch is alongside of the 30 yanls square; in fact, Pew ma'. house, I believe, is partly built upon it. Tice drain is a public ' on, for the use of the rem part cif the town; in embed over about le feet beyond the 30 square yards, but from the yards there are side in drains and grate. without cropsols, and alio beyond the 30 feet it an open drain, the clench fr- m witch is at all then yen. offensive it 111 one of the worm divine we have ; but the whole drainage of the town is very bed, very Mogr, with little fall, so that they always contain large quantitiegof stagnant water and filth, which I fear no thing eon remove, except your Health of Towns Bid. He (Lord Morpeth) had received a report from Mr. Cros kelt, of which he would read an extract : made inquirice of one of the mad practical men in Beverley, who is well acquainted with the drainage of the nriglthierhoon, and it now profeecenelly employed in the Anniston dminage, which runt from near Beverley to the sea, and he, while quite admitting how open the locality to which your lordehip's atte.ntiou has been called in to cum plaint, yet inures me that there are many worse instances in the town, and that nothing but a general deepening of the drainage can effectually remedy the evil under which the lowa, In this ropea, labours. This can only be aecomptiehed through some ouch measure as your lordship's Health of Towne Bill, and until that has been 'wood, and it is rendered compuliory en local authentic. to deal with them evils, I feel inured your lordship would not attain any satisfactory result by interfere'sc iu an individual case like that which has been pointed out to you at Beverley. And many other commuLications which he had received on the subject corroborated the ointments just read. But were those cases to which Mr. Parkes, Mr. Croshell, and others referred extreme MY!? Was the drain derrib, dby the for mer gentlemae as having caused the death of one or more individuals an isolated one? Did Beverley nand alone in its unhealthiness? This could not, unfortuuately, be aate.ted. la Suffolk the statistical and sanitary reports gave results which, if not similar, were very coosidcrably worse. lie would quote from Mr. Glyde's report, which stated that the Average annual deaths in Suffolk (from a calculation of mven youse, were I In 51 ; in Ipswich, More than in IJ. If we nonce the popula tion during this period to have been 23,600, and the rate of mortality to have been the game as Beverley and Yarmouth, the number would have been 512 instead of 603, Allowing a low of 728 live in eight year. (This reference to ileverky Mows that it is regarded as a favourable inotanee of a galubrietia town.) Infantine mortality is considered one of the most impnrant tests that cot be applied to prove the sanitary madame of a tams In Whitby, 26 per cent. ; le Lanceeter, 29; Cork, 31 ; Ipowich, 39 per cent. die under 3 Tennant age. In loswich there are 103 streets and lanes 15 of which are wail-ion. any drisinage, 1 9 with surface drains onone side only, extending only partly through them; and 42 netts and lanes not paved. . . . When there is no drainage dampens is • general oomploint. Paper wee. on the wall, wider 'been, the cellar, and Winn get mouldy in the cupbant. Several 011.... where 10 or 12 lemon have privies In commun. The purity of the water which comes to the town has been spoken of in high terms, and the ability to afford abundance generally acknowirslated. Yet the water from the pumps it complained of for its impurity, and many of the poorer dance nave a great distance to fetch their water. tin the bead of expellee, there were in 1612, 92 deaths above the average of limbieretield and Beverley. The general tipellibY of thew at V. 10e. each amounted to 34;9,137/. Deaths were from consumption 41 above the average of Engine!. Taking the duration of illness at nine menthe, the ex pense of sieknem at les. per week there is a lira fro excels at deaths from consumption of 7213 f. If for every death their are 20 eases of sickness, an excess of 82 deaths would give 2,296 came of un neemeary sicken.. Tuke the avenge expense of each case of nick newt and medical at 10e., there ion loge from unneee vary sick aces of 1,1481. ; exam of rennin, 3691.; deaths from conaumption, 7281. ; unnecessary sick, 1,144/.; total, 2,245/..• But he would not take the house through those details as regarded the united kingdom—he would content himself with laying one or two caber before them, in order to exhibit the condition of the highest and most wealthy provincial red manufacturing town'. From the town of Newentle, Dr. tleadlam wrote thus : "Ile woe sorry to my that streets and suburbs were rising with the fame dieadvantagem. Streets were built without neere, the ground not even levelled, and the soil in the centre maturated with filth?' Mr. Currie, lathe Working Men's Asecelation, mid, "lie and other mem bers of the committee were appalled by :he scenes they had wit nessed. tic had never conceives) that a locality existed in rati miser able u condition as standgute. There was not o privy in its whole length or breadth." Mr. Galls reined in Westgate. The annual value of the property WO 23,000/. ; little more of the property there valued at 5,01011. wag reserved. Pceies gene an bad as San 'gate." Dr. White, " The etutements of Mr. Currie and Mr. Galle were not overcharged. The mircry of reindgate could not be conceived; it must be men to be believed. Co one single room In that locality he had seen 13 Wan of fever." Mr. Groenhue " They were too well aware of the pressienoe of fever in Newcastle for some time put ; during the whole of this time, while the gaol was acerounded by fever, there had been even lest dimme than usual within its walls. To what was thin to be alcribrated Simply to the adoption, within the prison, ot those sanitary regulatioce which It was their object to extend to the whole COMMUDity." Dr. Leetsdale, in his report on Carlisle, says : In the mmuranoe tablet of this country, the mortality in Carlisle within the lag 20 years used to be eetimated at 1 in 34 of the inha bitants, being lower than the prevent average of the 15 healthiest counties in this kingdom. Now, le 1441 it was one in 39, being ac tually higher than that of the average of the 15 unhealthiest wannest If, as is now admitted, the healthy and natural standard of mortality in Eagland and Wales Is 2 per cent per annum, or 1 in 50, it is en dent that Carlisle, with its rate of mortality 1 in 39, or more than 2/ per cent- per annum, Maude greatly in need cif sanitary improvement. So that if the average mortality of England and Wales was taken at 2 in 100, the ratio of Carlisle was 21 per cent., showing that it was more unhealthy than the average of places. The towns of Hull, Wolverhampton, Bradford, Hertford, Ware, and many other pieces wheitee returns had been received by pains-Biking persons, gave the same general results, and he would now only quote the report which had reached him from Sheffield, drawn up by James Heywood, a chemist, and W. Lee, a civil engineer, resident there : We wish we could tend language suffleintly strong to impress, upon the council the absolute neceseity for immediate action. The ease is deoperote, and euptheners would be criminal. After the fine few days' experience In our recent inspection, we were able with on awful precision, not only to detect the unhealthy setts of the town, but the portions of the etreets and the partiaular houses in street and in courts celestially liable to febrile and other disease. In huadreds of these we were able at once to describe to the sufferers all the symptoms of the disorders with which they were ntlheted. The result of that importion is a conviction whin nothing can ever remove or weaken, that halides all the Instances in which persons ultimately recover from long sickness and consequent distress, 1,000 at least are destroyed every year in this town by drowns which would have no existence under complete sanitary arrangement. To realise in the aggregate this unnecessary amount of mortality, and to =tette the conoomitsnt evils of domestic bereavement and peen aterramitment, struggling poverty and helpless pauperism following in its train, must meal the mind of every member of the council, and lead to the meet strenuous efforts in the application of meths' measures. They go on to say : That the water supply, cleaning, and paring, are at present in the hands of three distinct bodies under the authority of as many distinct sets of parliament. (Hear.) The sewage, though much has been dorm dwiag the last rears, is illegitimate. All these must be harmoniousl few y worked together as parts of the same system; and we are firmly convinced that this caned) be done by placing them, and all other sanitary arrengements. ender the oontrol of one public body. We believe that in feeds, and several other large town, the seetkaal Raids un .d oo s of life, oppose this transfer of their present linnet ppoo en ; but common sense dictates, that In Sheffield, and all other imp w oeposated towns, the municipal council Is the only body to when these important powers should be entrusted. With regard to a particular part of Sheffield they sea j_ The emspools here are generally full and the accumulation etedlint so great, that the house adjoining is seldom occupied and samsor tenantable. It who remarkable fact, that scarcely any of this dile= born in the yard were attempted to berought earn to mew rity, for out of the four bourn which It contains (one generally empty) no lees than thirty children have died within the last forty years. In regard to another place, they say: Sixteen we of fever, and one of death, have assorted In the adjo=bouses within a few months and four cal, o f f ever, and two , in booms whose windows are directly opposite to the Point where drainage from this house manes into Edwnistreet. It is worthy of remark, that no such cases have occurred in places further removed gem this Weems M Mime is w i dow& We weld = s r a =ef the lihetter lOW "4/114.1114414 _•-a/441/1 44§4014 lIW esue nalflaNna--14114a. lessr), sal a Mad swage" sif ester; the sub. ry a et messeelsmto fit the Few* egen *di% mg own loped* of gym k o to the arable d Mews; slim see 0.11.10.0 Isiah sea wed eel mi l ked, with peak end Wee poetess distriele; tad. "Ones"all. pleas pew teemstles. He bed writ serried the house, in an imperfect and he hared imssmidsite manner, into emu of the places which demesded tie care and attention of the legislature. He had relbesed to the pions which an on of the fuel that fed the Almelo and forges where the iron and steel were shaped, end which then wafted those products to foreign shores He had drawn attention to the towns whence were produced idiom counties , manufactures which on the banks of the Volga were able to compete with the flout fabric , ' of the looms of Aga, and which tlothed the Cr, tof the furthest tropics. Should it be said—and if it id let it be so no longer—that thou vast hives of in dustry, the homes of the men who performed that labour, should be pre-eminent as the seats of filth, disease, and de gradation in their worst and most hideous forms? Were boil and exertions the most unsparing to be surrounded by the deadening enervating influence of disease? Was there no herculean strength that could strangle the noisome reptiles that infested those places? He ask. don behalf of the labour of Britain all those appliances which the ad vanced knowledge of the kingdom could afford. He did not ask the legislature to stifle it with government Interferences or with overmuch looking after, but rather to leave it to ite legitimate development. What he did ask was, that the proper path should be taken, and the ablest heads engaged in the task of remedying the evils he bad pointed out. He begged to move fur leave to bring in the Colonel SIBTHORP obeerved that a great reluctance had already been show* by the government to subject the metro polis to the wholesome regulations which the noble lord had just detailed as being applicable to the other cities and towns of England and Wales. That circumstance arose, in his opinion, front the disposition to favour his constituents en tertained by the noble lord at the head of the ministry. Lord DUNCAN said that on the subject of sanitary regulations, there was very general excitement, and that excitement would be increased tenfold when it was known that the noble lord's bill contained no allusion to that all-important subject, the window-tax. (Hear, hear.) He was anxious to hear why the noble lord on the present woo den omitted all mention of " that once familiar wiled." lie (Lord Duncan) held in his hand a copy of the speech deli vered by the noble lord at Wakefield, immediately after his election, July, 1846. The noble lord then said, among other mitten, that " The dwellings of the working classes are far other than I should wish them to be. They are capable of immense improvement, by increasing their facilities for the reception of fresh air, good water, anti increased light." He recollected having read in " Gulliver's Travels" that when he (Gulliver) went to Laputa he found the inhabitants to immersed in philosophical calculations as to require the constant attendance of ii.depper to recall them to sublunary matters. He (Lord Duncan) would act as flapper to the noble lord, and endeavour to recall his attention to what he and his colleagues had stated and publiihed on former °ca tions. The noble lord bad said little about improved ventila tion in dwellings ; but it appeared from a recent legal deci sion that that was a subject calling for immediate attention. An individual named John Wilson, residing in Penryn, had lately appealed against a charge of 6/. 17s. 2d. for 23 win dows, two of which were merely plates of perforated nine, placed in opposite aides of the pantry for the purpose of procuring a thorough draft. The commissioners remitted the charge, as the zinc windows were merely placed for the purposes of ventilation, but the surveyor appealed to the judges, and Judges Haute, Cresswell, and Rolle decided that, according to the law of the land, the man was liable and must be fined for non-payment (Hear, hear.) He could tell the noble lord that there were strong feelings abroad on the subject to which he had alluded, and that no sanitary bill would be popular which did not deal with them however they might be—as he acknowledged they were—surrounded with difficulties. Mr. HORShiAN was grateful to the noble lord for what he had done on the present, as well u on former occasions, pod he hoped that his measure, which was large and com prehensive, would meet with better success during the pre sent year than it had in the last. He truetod that the efficiency of the measure would not he impaired by any en due economy in the officere' salaries. He had heard that the salary of the chief commissioner was to be fixed at 1,0001. He feared that was too low, and he hoped that the noble lord would not be deterred by any outcry about pa- ' teenage from making the salaries .uch as would secure' efficiency in every department. While he gave the noble I lord every credit for his bill, he must still return to what was an old grievance of hip—he meant the subject of inter meats in towns. (Hear, hear.) The subject was one of' ' ouch importance, that be could not help pressing it on the government as an indispensable supplement to the present bill. (Hear, hear.) He trusted that the noble lord would excuse him for asking for some information re,pecting the supplemental bills. lle trusted that it the noble lord found the progress of these measures obstructed by any difficulties, he would at once inform the house, and he could assure him of the tidiest support from the house and the public (Hear. hear.) If it was merely a question of clergymen's fees, he was sure that public feeling was so strong as to prevent any question of economy standing in the way of an equitable ar rangement. He trusted that the noble lord would, on the second readily; of the bill, be prepared with some statement en the 'abject. (Hear.) Capt. PECHELL had also omissions to complain of. (A laugh.) He alluded to a grievance under which the town which he had the honour to represent laboured, namely, the mode of electing local commissioners. lie trusted that during the progress of the bill that matter would be put on j a proper footing. IMr. HUME said that no ens could have heard the state ment of the noble lord without taking shame to himself for allowing such abuses to last 40 long. (Hear, hear.) He re joiced to see that at last there was some prospect of a re medy ; bat he would suggest to the government that, as their measare would entail great local expense, they ought to find some substitute for that most oppressive of local ira • poets—the window tax. (Hear, bear.) It was no use attempting to remove evils unless they began with the cause. (Hear, hear.) There was nothing so good for the health as the light of the sun, and all they could do would not banish noxious effluvia unless they let plenty of sun and air into every nook and corner. In fact, it was no use attempting any sanitary improvements until they removed the window tax altogether. (Loud cries of " Hear, hear.") He trusted that the sense of the house would he directly taken on the question. (Hear.) The Earl of LINCOLN would have refrained from obser vation until the second reading of the bill, were it not that so many members, having commenced with laudations of the noble lord's bill, had concluded by complaining of its numerous omissions. (Hear, hear.) He should not follow that example. He had risen merely for the purpose of pro totting against such observation.. So far from there being any jut grounds for complaints, he considered that the noble lord bad acted wisely in not encumbering his measure with extraneous matters. When the bill came to be printed it 'would be found that its details were comprehensive enough, and if the noble lord should succeed in passing it, he would have made a most valuable commencement in the course of sanitary reform. (Hear, bear.) It did not follow that because subjects which had been alluded to were not included, they would not follow hereafter. With regard to the window tax, nobody could doubt that as an abstract principle it would be very desirable to get rid of it ; but he feared that in proposing its abolition, the noble lord would fiud some impediments from his right honourable colleague on his left (the Chancellor of the Exchequer). It was a question which should be dealt with by itself ; and although a sanitary bill with the window tax abolished would be more perlect than one without it, he thought they should take what they could get, and leave other matters for future con sideration. lie (the Earl of Lincoln) could, if so disposed, point out fi ve or six omissions from the noble lord's bill, but I he did not complain if it were not at once as perfect as could be wished. As far as he could judge, the bill was a conside rable improvement or the measure of last year, both with respect to the selection of the area for drainage, and the greater limitation of the central authority. In his opinion if the house passed the bill, a favourable result might be an ticipated from its operation. Mr. SLANEY, who was but imperfectly heard, said, that he looked upon the present measure as one of justice and wise policy, and he hoped to tee it carried to asuccesaful issue. Mr. WAK LEY had not heard the statement of the noble lord (blorpeth), and therefore could scarcely offer any opi nion as to the details of the bit : ; but front what he had heard, though the measure might contain much good, he believed it fell far short of what it ought to be, or what the public expected, and that instead of bring received with public approbation, it would be mot, in the towns at least, with public scorn. He had been informed that the metro polis was to be excluded from the operation of this bill. Lord MORPETIi—That will form the subject of a sepa rate measure. Mr. WAKLEY—But why was it not included in this bill ; and when was the separate bill for the metropolis to came ? The public required that where the greatest amount of nuisance existed, there the remedy should be at once ap plied. It was in the stinking end filthy metropolis that sanitary reform was most wanted. (Hem.) But it was al ways thus with a whig government. Whenever a case arose in which they were required to act with determination they yielded to the difficulties which appeared to confront them, and shrunk from their duty. (Hear.) They feared the op position of the corporation of London, consequently the me tropolis was excluded from this bill. in the same way the noble lord dreaded that if he interfered with the baneful prse tice of burying in churchyards the church would oppose him, so he touched it not. (Hear.) Then, again, as to the window tax. Was it not absurd to talk of the imp.xtance of giving light and air as a means of improving the pubEc health, while light and air were subject to a heavy tax ? The great "anitary measure wanted in toe towns was the repeal Odra window-tax but so far from this, the people were to be mulcted is additional burdens by this =mime, while the iniquitous and oppressive window tax remained. (Heu.) The fact was, this sanitary measure had been worked up in Somerset-house, where the gruel diet tables were prepared. If the poor had plenty of pure air they would want something to feed on ; for if the appetite occasioned by pun, air were not gratified the body would consume heel!. It was monstrous for government to pretend to introduce a measure of sanitary improvement, while the odious and de testable window tax was permitted to remain. This he could mum the noble lord would be the feeling throughout all the towns in the kingdom. Because the noble lord had not the courage to include the nasty corporation of London in the present bill, therefore the metropolitan boroughs were also to be excluded. But why should turtle soup have so much influence ? (Hear, hear, and a laugh). The noble lord was fully aware of the poisonous results of the practice of intermural interments, but he dared not incur the hostility of the church, wbo had a vested interest in the burial of the dead. Was it possible that a people like the English public could be satisfied with such a measure aa this, which did a wed but where much was re little when a , lit h i tile n .7 l ( T i t t qul :k;ar.) He called upon the forwardpl apply t o shouldthe minor Itrievar' s b y which the health and comfort of the metropolis. t atten ti A on fe to w er da h y a s t h:gbeetli re quited general nc i oc i n:ni b — r PT ecorysth'iritieliie"l7tBl:'o6 ee ae:dbju a t er subject, th t4S e hreh notdthof b r i ng t hate mon :eel since the noble ' Isl i n gton, respecting • fever hospital which was sibout to b 3 centre of that parish. ?th W a ss tAh r ii t md t p h wi e wh i o n ' swP : L f eu r t i :h ra teseunthwnicohesi;ebalismair-loolsreclident:ti ring.takaaHewepoownwalaberiadedsetPhiunit proposed 4° is cantitrom phrofe ntion b ri e uil . t g w ote th isw e ood vdeing" Smith, one of the members of the health of populated district, and yet the noble lord, knowing it and Whyf knowing also that the building was about to be immediately hted:wnui*thoestyPirnuskilli"wavindi°oallnen7ekin:olif eldasureoi.sfnhtegYsiveseer:ilisnawnttha'aihoelvePry"mPellideti°nt of atothirckltroy ommenced, in bringing forward a measure for promoting the health of towns took no powers to prevent such an evil. Why, what a miserably defective measure was this. (Hear, hear.) Could such a thing as was here proposed for haling ton happen in Peri, ? There, there was a body constantly sitting to receive representations on all matters affecting the public health. When nuisances were pointed out either as cutting or about to be created subcommittees were ap t t an d h d e were t r h t , i p n a u g i t ' d o d f o i f t w h t n h i seokyri awere v enkte:el:hdaet noble o n b c b e i :. rd general and comprehensive bill for the whole country. In P°lciTinh?udenritedreisrluetoilederuil'ir bill es the whole question, and bring forward one this he might lately, rely on the good sense of the people, who, if he would be just to them, would be just to him, and I uphold him in carrying through such a measure against all opposition. (Hear, hear. Mr. Alderman SIDNEY)_ considered that the corporation of the City of Loados did not deserve the aspersions cast upon it by the hon. member fur Finsbury. He believed London was the first community in the kingdom that had at tempted to grapple withethe evils of the sanitary question. All the streets, by- , trees, and courts in the City had been sewered at an immense expense, and the commissioners of sewers who represented the City were most solicitous to avail themselves of csery known and practical improvement mince the sanitary state of London. He amid assure the house that the corporation of London would not present an obstacle to the noble lord's measures when he should be pee deal with the metropolis, of which the City roarrre n) d an intral part, and must necessarily be included in any general system of sewerage. Tae hon. and gallant member for Lincoln bad included the ward of Billingsgate, which he (Mr. Ald. Sydney) represented in the Court of Aldermen, it the same category as St. Giles's in respect to its sanitary condition. He could assure the more and tallest member that no part of the metropolis was more healthy than the ward of Billingsgate. (Hear.) When the noble lord brought forward his bill for the me tropolis he hoped he would go further than be had now done, and take into consideration the propriety of removing the window tax, and also whether it would not be possible to remove gaols and markets altogether from the neigh bourhood of our crowded streets. (Hear, hear.) Mr. WYLD observed that at a recent meeting of the com missioners of sewers it had been stated that a bl,ck plan of London was about to be prepared, which would cost 60,0001. He had taken great pains to estimate the cost of such a plan, and found it would not be less than five times that amount. He feared if the same course was to be carried out in other matters this sanitary measure would prove a very expensive one. There was, however, no neer:slaty for such a plan. Mr. MAUNSELL inquired whether it was intended to bring in the measure for Ireland before it was found to work well in this country or not ? Lord MORFETII—What I said was, that when the plea was approved and adopted in this country, I hoped the See cretary fur Ireland would propose a similar measure for Ire land. Mr. MAUNSELL.—Daring the present session ? Lord MORPETH hoped it would be during the present session. In reply to a question from Mr. WILLIAMS— Lord MORPETH said that he had already stated that the resent bill did not exclude any part of England or Wales, but that before its provisions could be extended to the metropolis some supplementary measures would be necessary which would he introduced at a future period. Mr. B. OSBORNE asked if the measure for the metro polis would be brought in during the present session. Lord MORPETH expected to be able to bring in a bill as to the sewerage of the metropolis within a short period, and when the sanitary commisoon should have reported he hoped he should be enabled to bring in the general sanitary bill for the metropolis. Mr. B. OSBORNE.—During the present tendon ? Lord MORPETH hoped that the first bill would be intro ' duced in the course sit a few days, and the other some time before the expiration of the session? Mr. REYNOLDS regretted the present measure did not extend to Ireland and Scotland. Viscount EBRINGTON, in reference to what had fallen from the hon. member for Finsbury with regard to Paris, thought the system prevailing in that city, where cesspools universally prevailed, where there was hardly a sewer, and where, until within the last few years, there was scarcely a water-closet, was not one to be followed here. Imperfect as London was. the sanitary condition of Paris was much worse. Mr. HODGES fully approved of the measure, and thought the noble lord bad exercised a wise discretion in excluding the metropolis from its provisions, seeing that the sewerage for the metropolis would be based on a totally different system from that of the counties. Mr. BROTIIERTON, though most desirous for the re peal of the window tax, did not consider this measure would suff, r so much from that omisoion as some hoc. gentlemen appeared to think. Out 0E5,04525 houses in'this country. only 447,420 were assessed to the window duty, leaving no less than 4,611,105 wholly unaffected by it. Lord MORPETH expressed the satisfaction he felt at the mariner in which his statement had been received, and hoped he might look upon it as ominous of the future success of the bill. The only comment he could at all feel disposed to quarrel with was that made by the hon. member who had not heard the statement, I and who, he was convinced, when he saw the measure. would Le less general in his condemnation of it. He agreed that it WAS most desirable to apply the same principles of legisl ohm, in this matter, to the metropolis as to all other parts of the country—but there were peculiar circumstances and peculiar difficulties to be encountered in respect to the metrolhiso.weh,iecrk strongly ender of edseoppainraiotne that,l legislation necessary. c n o ecestaxy d, Lon . He was, don would be in advance of the rest of the kingdom in its sanitary progress, and prove a model for the country in general in respect to sanitary reform. (Hear.) The sub ject of the fever hospitals in towns to which his attention had been drawn, should receive the fullest consideration. Looking at the rights of property involved, and the danger of conveying fever patients through the crowded streets of towns, that was a question which could not be decided off hand. Then, with regard to burials, it would scarcely be prudent to encounter, in the present bill, the vexed question which must be met before any general measure on that subject could possibly be established. Under this bill, however, not only would It be in the power of the central board to prohibit the use, for the purpose of in terment, of any burial ground declared to be deogerous to the health of the public, but the burial of any corpse or corpses within the walls or underneath any church or chapel was prohibited, neither could any new churchyard or burial ground be opened without an express license first obtained. It was also provided that houses should be obtained for de positing the dead previous to interment, the want of which had in many cases been attended with great inconvenience. The government was subject in this matter, as in alt others, to that law of humanity which prevented their doing every thing at once, and did they attempt to do so it was more than probable that they would succeed in doing nothing. The motion was then agreed to, end the bill ordered to be brought in. Subsequently the bill was brought in, read a first time, and ordered to be printed. ABINGDON ELECTION. _ . The Sreauxe. announced that it was not intended to pro ceed with the petition against the return of Sir F. Thesiger for the boriugh of Abingdon. REMOVAL OF THE POOR. Mr. BAINES moved for leave to bring in a bill to amend the proceedure in respect of orders for the removal of the poor in England and Wales, and appeal therefrom. What he proposed was, that instead of the examinations being sent by the removing parishes, there should be sent a statement of the grounds of removal on the one side, and of appeal on the other; the sessions having the power of amending that statement so that any technical errors might be corrected. The bill would also give power to amend the order et re moval itself in certain points, so as not to pnjudioe the par ties concerned, or the truth or justice of the ease. It would also vest in the sessions the power oi deciding absolutely upon the question of the sufficiency of the statements of the grounds of removal and appeal; so that the magistrates would not have their decisions taken by certiorari or mandamus to the Queen's Bench, and much litigation would thereby be spared to parishes. There would however be an exception to this where the session stated a special case for the Queen's Bench. At present the parish could not abandon the order for removal once an appeal was entered, and he proposed to alter that by allowing it to be abandoned any time before or after the entry of appeal. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER did not object to the introduction of the bill, and hoped it would have the effect anticipated, of checking litigation, but he feared it would lead to renewed litigation.—Leave given to bring in the bill. COMMERCIAL RELATIONS WITH CHINA. Mr. CARDWELL rose to bring under the notice of the house the report of the select committee appointed in 1847, to take into consideration the present state of our commercial relations with China. He felt that a report of sa much im portance ought not to be allowed to slumber; and therefore did he feel justified in calling the attention of the house to it in the absence of his noble friend who had so ably pro posed it. The anticipations which had been formed of ex tended intercourse with the east, and of its affording fresh outlets for the great and increasing manufacturing power of this country, had not been fulfilled, although, in some re spects, our trade with China appeared to justify them. In 1827 our exports to China amounted to nearly 610,0001.; in 1843 they hail grown to nearly 1,500,8001.; and in 1845 to 2,394.0001. Nevertheless, when, 15 years ago, the trade of the eastern empire was opened to competition, we did ven ture to believe that, with a population of upwards of 300,000,900, comprising a very large aliquot part of the population of the globe, living under such different circum stances from ourselves, with respect to their productions on the one hand, and their wants on the other—a people net destitute of civilisation, but distinguished by much industry and a spirit of commerce, we did promise ourselves that our export trade with such a people would have by this time greatly exceeded 2,400,0001. In that respect, then, our anticipations had not been realised. Such as the trade with China had been, however, a very large portion of it had fal'en to Great Britain ; and it was most important to our domestic interests that we should, so far as possible, tunes. rage end increase it. The return of the imports of Chia& in 1845 was 20,000,000 dollar,, of which no less than 16,000,000 were imported in British ships, nearly 3 ,000,000, in American ships, and the remainder in ships of all the rest of the world. There was, besides, a very large trade ig opium, the greater part of which belonged to dependencies of this country, giving an additional sum of 23.000,000 of dollars ; so that, out of a trade amounting to 43,000,000 dot , tars, scarcely 4,000,000 belonged to other than this country. In 1843 there was a remarkable increase in our trade wick China contrasted with previous years,and in 184.3 a still greater. But the committee stated in the first page of their report, that that increase of trade had been attended with no corm. apoading benefit to England, inasmuch as it had been ca. reed on at a loss of from 30 to 40 per cent. They found that notwithstanding that loss, the trade had gone ou increasing for three or four years. The explanation was this: the trade was first in the hands of the British merchants, who, not finding it remunerative, abandoned it. Then it was taken up by the British manufacturer., in their anxiety to fled an outlet for their increased produce. Their attempt being also unsuccessful, it was taken up by the natives of Chian them. selves, for the purpose of finding a market for their own produce, but they too found it unremunerativc. It therefore followed that unless we were abl, to proceed in another .. —.. direction, our trade with China must be Contracted to thoss limits only which would prove remunerative. The returns for tour merchandise were comprised in the three pried* articles of silver, silk, and tea—the annual export of silver being 2000,0001. The' British consul, writing in April, 1847, said, " how long the Chinese will be able to sustain this continual drain of 2,000,0001. of precious metal, it is im possible to my; but it is a well-established fact that the export of tea to Ragland cannot be increased under the pre sent system of duties ; and unless a new opening be found for a larger amount of Chinese exports to our markets, a gradual reduction must take place either in the quantity cc the prices of our goods in China. It is beyond calculate= to what extent the Chinese would perch , e our woollens sad cottons if we would take their produm in return." This was fully confirmed by Sir J. Davis, who said that the in. port trad . of China depended wholly upon their expert trade; that consequently the increase of their exports would create a corresponding increase in their import, Now it was owing to the rate of duties levied by us on tee which prevented our taking a larger quantity ot that article —duties amounting, on the average, to upwards of 200 me sent. upon the cost price. He had been informed of a them Ma baying been purchased in Liverpool, and which ultt. Nudely went for the use of a poor-house in Cork, upon which the duty amounted to 1,000 per cent, on the price. Bat to the consumer it made a still greater difference than the nee amount of the duty, because the greater the duty the gemew the capital required; and as there must be a profit on tape tal, it was not surprising to find • witness telling the com mittee that a duty of 2s. 2d. to the revenue was an addities to the consumer of 2s. 9d. on the price of the tea. Bethel, In a very large proportion of instancts, the profit alone apse the duty would exceed the coot of the tea. Lathe house observe who were next to us in the trade—the Amides% who levied no duty upon tee, while we had a duty varying from 200 to the exceptional cases of 1,000 per ceut. The hen. gentleman then quoted the commercial circular of Hdmahed and Ketley of Liverpool, dated Dec. 31,1847, showing that, while our cotton trade with Chins had dm creased, by about one third, between 1837 and 1846, that of the United Sates had increased and was still increasing. It was of importance to watch with vigilance how far we could supply the markets of Chine in return for their ex porta. 'fhe committee stated that the revenue we derived In 1316 of 5,110,0001. could not be permanently relied on, as the trade was not remunerative to the importer. In 1842 it barely exceeded 4,000,0001.; in 1343 it did not reach 4,500,0004 ; and in 1847, he had reason to believe, for he had nut the (diked return, that it would barely reach 5,000,0001. ; although in 1846 it bad been up wards of that amount. Our exports of cotton cloths in 1644 was 1,460,0001.; in 1815, 1,510,0001.; and in 1846 they fell to 940,0001., and in 1847 to 838,0001. He found, with regard to shipments of cotton cloth from Liverpool to China, in the year 1845, they had smote ted to 112,000,000 yards ; in 1846, they fell to 76,000,000 yards; and in 1847 they had come down to 56,000,000 yards, being just one-half of what they had been in the year 184,5. If such had been the case, it followed that this diminution of exports bad led to a diminution of imports, and that conse quently the revenue his diminished. Therefore it was that while the committee had reported, that so important an item of revenue could not be lightly dealt with, they reported that they had the strongest reason to believe that the then existing amount of revenue from this smarm could not permanently be expected. The committee then had tumid its attention to the consideration of what would be the effect of any change in the amount of duty ; and on this point some statistics and eilcu:atious, w.ich showed the changes in prices which had been effected by an alteration of the duties in former times, had been furnished, and were to be found at page 443 of thine reports. From these statistics it appeared that in 1782 the duty on tea was at the rate of .56 per cent., and at that time the number of pounds con sumed had 'seen about 6,000,000. In 1784 the duty was re ! dnced to 121. 10s. per cent., sod the quantity consumed rose to 10,000,000 lbs. That duty continued up to 1795, when the consumption had risen to 21,000,000 the. He quoted this for the purpose of showing that there existed some reason to believe that, by a judicious change in the existing duty, the consumption would increase and the revenue thereby be kept up. As to the quantities of tea consumed, he founu, in the evidence taken before the committee and annexed to their report, that in families where expense was not an object the average might be taken at 121bs. per head. In the workhouses it was 3 ilbs. per head. To emigrants 41be. 3oz. per head was allowed. In the navy it was 41bs. 4oz. per head, besides cocoa. In Australia there was reason to believe the consumption was exceedingly large, being at the rate of 81b. or 91b. per head ; while in the United Kingdom the average was only about lib, 10oz. per head, being about one-half of the ordinary allowance granted inthe workhouses. He thought it could not be contended that there did not exist a capability of ircreasing the demand for tea among the population of this country pro vided it could be brought within their reach on the ground of expense. But then some calculations had been presented to the committee to show what would be the effect upon the revenue which an increased consumption would occasion. Those who wished the duty to be reduced had contended that the reduction ought to be from 2s. 2)d. to Is., and they stated that if the same money now spent on tea should be spent when the duty was reduced to Is., that duty on 24,000,000 lbs. would yield 1,200,0001., which, added to the existing amount yielded to the revenue, viz., 1.200,0001., would give in the first year of the reduction 3,500,0001. from the article of tea. But then if 32,000 tons of sugar was taken as the additional supply necessary for the additional consumption of tee, taking that quantity et a duty of 145., it would yield about 455,0001. thus showing the total revenue to be expected from the tea and sugar to amount to about 3,962,0001. Another point had been brought under the notice of the committee, which, however, he (Mr. Cardwell) did not take as the basis of any computation, because itwould give a result more sanguine than he should venture to encourage. It had, however, been stated in evidence that in 184-4 a change had taken place in the Isle of Man in the mode of collecting the ditty there levied on tea, the effect of which had been (es the committee were told) to diminish the cost of that article by Is. 6d. per lb. In 1841 the consumption there was 75.000 the., and in 1846 it had risen to 138,0001 M. While he (Mr. Card well) admitted that it would have been rash on the part of the committee to hare made this the basis of their computation of the probable in ! grease of consumption in the whole of the united kingdom, yet he was of opinion that he was bound not to close the case without thus calling attention to the succus in the operation of a change in the duty on the same article. But he might be asked where was the money— where the resources to come from which the population of this country were to spend in sugar to be used with the le creased consumption of tea ? His answer was that if this country imported 24,000,000 lbs. additional of tea there would be an addition to the exports of 1,000,000!., of which two-thirds would be spent in the wages of the &trines of England, and this addition would go to their other means of purchasing tea and our. ir. If then such a change stimulated industry it would add to the imports and exports and in crease the demand for other articles which eourtoute the comforts of the working dames, and which contribute to the treasury a revenue of which the Chancellor of the Exchequer would feel the advantages. Those advautages it was impossible tocalculete in any preci.e figures, but it would be unjust to leave the matter wholly out of condderation. But then the committ.e had been told by some of the wit nesses who had been examined tend the some objection had been frequently raised. that the supply of tea might be ex pected to fall abort, and that an increased demand for Bag land might raise the price of that article in China; and that the result would be that the value being thus made higher here, the public would not have the benefit of the reduction of duty. On that point, however, the committee had est i mined several witnesses at great length, as wool I be seen by i a reference to the repair. They had had the advantage of 1 exantuuter Mr. Parker, who had spentsome time in Chinon • mission of a different character, and who was well acquaint ed with that country; they had also examined the hon. mem ber for Ashburton, for South Lancashire (Mr. W. Brown), and for Dartmouth (Mr. Moffatt), and many others of great experience, and all these witnesses stated that they had not the slightest fear that any demand made by this country in China tor the article of tea would tend to cause anything him a scarcity of supply. On the contrary, the committee had been told that though the enormous population of China were themselves great consumers, and that as they , would take commodities which this country could furnish on a much greater scale, the small additional drain the change would cause could not possibly increase the price of tea, because the laud was abundant, the facility of cultivation was great ; and the committee had reason to believe that whatever else might cause a failure, it would certainly not be owing to any diminution in the growth of tea to meet the demand of this country. Another matter had arises before the committee, about which some little was said. On that matter the committee had the advantage of the presence of the hon. member for Sheffield (Mr. Parker), who watched the proceedings with a view to ascertain how far a diminu tion of the tea duties would injure the revenue, by leading to a diminution in the consumption of spirits. The hon. member had moved for and obtained a return, which ! showed that the population of the United Kingdom, amounting to 26,700,000, consumed annually 24,0 0 0,000 gallons of spirits ; and that in Scotland, in 1845, there were entered for home consumption, 6,500,000 gallons of spirits for a population of 2,600,000. In last, the conaump lion of spirits in the whole of the United Kingdom, was shown to be 28,000,000 gains. He (Mr. Cardwell) did not know why the reduction of the tea duties would diminish the produce to the exchequer of the duty on spirits; but with all respect for the exchequer, he should certainly be pleased if, by a reduction of the tea duties, those arising from spirits should fall off, and in soh an event he should be most ready to support the Chancellor of the Exchequer in a committee of ways and sown in insposi dity, to supply th vi • WYhetlred naw satisfied • try b a d a population rap nr Britaints. with her Why sag acity on the iromensrcial risc Chinese nation and the desire to Was it then that civilisation and a bad raised soh ] between the or ah d h F stt s co b vl e e b el waiathrihtbacoiesodwtbecossnotacPothinytiii::i:eetbupinutdclutd.reinireesilititoye.6o.P,etelofeeDlfrerobßstubbuneaßdwhciet h l y v p v rt e e l b i r r : Lye, d(t. h tin ■ m t e .) on t ey thi ved - - ro nn t ; m h amount. bit (liens silk, mini our revel Bent relationt State., 19,000,0 though member lion o 1 think Excite 2,000, , Mr. tion a that been I Mr, to the unite! Mr min year p 4. 19,00 sump to se 1846 show th to Si I' i