The Express. — London, England, 1848-01-11 00:00:00

PARLIAMENTARY PA. •B R. Csv Lox.—A return, moved for by and di livered yesterday, contains some in",reatiog information M. emoting the tads of this color.y, the amount of cutout* duties, and the expense at wh'.ch they are collected. In the four provinces into which ileylon are divided there are 18 Six of these are. in the Western province: Colombo, Caltura, lkaberyn, Negonsho, and Capentyn. Five are is the Southern province: Galls Sallepimymodne, Dodandoewe, Bellegans, end Oandurah. 'There are three in the Northern province : Jaffna. Mannar, and Point Pedrae. And two in the Eastern province : Trincomalee and Batti calm. The total value of imperte into all these ports, in 1845, amounted to 1,464,7871. ; of exports, to 5726081. The total amount of duty on imperts was, 111,8611. ; on ex ports, 32,6611. The expense of the customsestsblishinent (all the ports included) was 9,2561. At Colombo, import duties to the amount of 77,c0u, and export ditties to the amount of 30,5641., were collected at an expense of 3,8171. At Galls import duties to the amount of 10,0711., end export duties to the amount of 7411., were collected at an expense of 1,0191. At Jaffna import duties to the amount of 7,3951., and export duties to the amount of 5461., were collected at an expense of 1,5741. At none of the other ports did the import duties for the year amount to 3,0001.. and at only two did the export duties exceed 1001. At Clandurah the import duties were 1361. the export 271., col lected at an expense of 10 , 61. and at Betticalee the import duties were '2531., the export 21., collected at an expense of 711. The value of articles producing more than 1001. of duty imported into Ceylon in 1846 was 926,9331.; of articles producing less than 1001. of duty 67,0111. ; and of producing. articles 608,1691. The value of articles exported more than 1001. was 603.6941. • the value of artic es producng fees than 1001. was 62,71311 At some of the minor ports almost the whole of the imports and exports consisted either of articles producing less than 1091. of revenue, or of duty-free articles. Z 4 llc evproSyS• MAILS • The urns for Tigo, Oporto. Lisbm, Madeira, Cella, and Gibesltat will be made up on the morumg of the rth January. Vas overland closed max, eta Marseilles, to tee Mediterranean = Aden, Ceylon, India, Hang Kong, Sm., will be made up on the of the 10th January. Unit ed -The raid. for British Neagh Almeria, Bermuda. mad Mae United Matas, will be made up on We eerMng of the 14th January. The West India Malls, eveluding Bermuda, NIIIMM, 110adUraa, New Orleans, Vera Cruz, Tampico, end Porto Kier, and Wartuding Wore for Madeira, Jaemel. °tribalism. sante Maths, Magna, Panama, Weal Cart at South America, and W. illAUS4illo Kleargua, will be made up are the evening of the 17th ).many. The merle:et master °Mealier, Malta, Cares. the lodge Mien& Egypt, Aden, Ceylon. ladle, Mong-Kong. and China. via Southampteis will be made up on the morning of the :10th January. mai i s for New Booth Wales, tr.to Pietaen's Land, rad New Zealand wll be made up on the eeesing of the Mr January. Tue malls for the &mails. the loret Plate, Monte Vtdeo, Pernam buco, Bahia, Madeira, and Buenos Ares, will be made up or the • rating atlas 4th February. TO COSIIISPON DENTS. • g • AhonoosOg latotegi Ow • TM Samos . Lgsets motto gaga. ow lost ugg elk& 14 Ilessist•soss. N Two o'cluelt es the kg et pgbileatles. HIGH WATTS AT LONDON Iltiilolll. T... 1111//4e.5.11. It am. gar Agawam SI al.. grt A. IA-glagg,r—Jgargra, At tUk. or . LlOW•fais. aus. par IL LONDON, TUESDAY, JAN. 11. IT is no exaggeration to say that not one British legislative act relating to the slave trade and colonial slavery has been marked by the knowledge and fore thought of statesmen. From about the time that the anti-slavery movement assumed the character of an important political question, down to the passing of the Reform Act, the ministerial party looked with jealousy upon all innovations as of a revolutionary tendency. Every improvement in our social institu tions—popular education and rationalised law, as well as the protection of personal liberty and free-trade — had to be wrung from unwilling rulers by popular agitation. Every concession on the part of govern ment was made, not from conviction, bat from fear of deranging the balance of party influences, or arousing popular violence against some institution which ministers cared little for. The crude and exaggerated suggestions of hustings orators were adopted by sceptical ministers, who saw no reason tbr putting into workable form what they be lieved to be unworkable. It is to be hoped that in time the new popular influence in parliament will dis cover the expediency of selecting representatives with the accomplishments required for legislators, instead of sending any sort of people on chance, with a pre determination to bully ministers into doing what is wanted; but hitherto the principles and practice of the anti-reform bill era can scarcely be said to have been abandoned. Parliament is still too little regarded as the instrument for making acd upholding a good administration; the old heresy, that all governments are ex necessitate vicious and ill-disposed, and only to be kept in order by the dread of popular clamour and disturbance, is still prevalent. It is solely because all legislation for emancipating industry, until within these few years, and all legisla tion for promoting the recognition of personal rights and liberties of all races of human beings to the pre sent day, have been mere reluctant adoptions of the crude measures urged by multitudes under the im pulse of a vague benevolence, that we find the promo tion of personal freedom and of unfettered commerce placed in antagonistic relations in our sugar colo nies. In this country one after another of the barriers of protection have been removed, and industry of all kinds has only prospered the more in consequence. But the removal of protection in the sager colonies has been preceded and accompanied by measures which have weakened them for competition with other sugar growing colonies. With comparatively few excep tions, the negroes in the British West Indies are at this moment little, if at all, superior to the negroes throughout the rest of America, in respect to the in fluence which the calculations of prudence or the am bition of elevating their station in life exercise over their conduct. Their ambition and desires are of a limited range, which the productiveness of their soil and climate enables them easily to gratify. This premised, let us contrast the different relations in which the British and foreign sugar-planters sand to this light hearted and unreflecting race. The Brazilian or Cuban planter can exact any amount of labour from his negroes, by compulsion, and when their number decreases, he can supply the deficiency at a cost that leaves him ample profits. During the last half cen tury the British planter has been prohibited :—first' from tilling up the diminishing ranks of his labourers by importations from without ; next from exacting from them (even while slavery continued) more labour in the course of a day than was requisite for the completion of a " task' of which a hale negress has been known, since emancipation, regularly to per form two or three daily of her own free-will for several years ; and, lastly, from obtaining any other than vo luntary labour. Every other condition of production be ing the same, it is impossible that the British planter, thus circumstanced, can compete in the same market with the Cuban or Brazilian on equal terms, unless some measure is adopted for giving him an adequate command of continuous combined labour. The moral sense of the British empire—of the whole world—would revolt at an attempt en our part to revert to slavery or the elite° trade. Besides it is impossible. Negro slavery could not co-exist with the numerous free negro populations of' our West India colonies. The ships which disembarked negro slaves among them would merely import materials for agrarian outrage. As yet, only two proposed measures for enabling our British sugar planters to keep their ground against those of Cuba and Brazil, have met with any degree of popular acceptation. One is the scheme fur put ting down the slave trade by force or diplomacy, or by a combination of both, and for putting eh parties on a level by withholding future supplies of slaves. The other is by the imposition of differential duties on slave-grown sugar, to give our own free-labour produce the monopoly of our own markets at least. Of the armed and diplomatic crusade against the traffic in slaves, all parties are getting heartily sick. All the negotiations recorded in five annual bulky folios, and the expensive squadrons kept up by England, France, and America, for the suppression of the slave trade, have proved inadequate even to in. crease materially the price of the slaves landed in abundance in Cuba and Brazil. Nor is this all. Before the slave trade was declared illegal, the mor tality amongst the negroes during the middle passage averaged about 9 per cent. In 1840 it was estimated by Sir FoWELL BUXTON at 25 per cent. Again, the operations of the West African coast blockade have materially checked the development of the • legitimate traffic along that coast. Under any cir cumstances the jealous watch which the squadrons are obliged to keep over all vessels that may' to en gaged in slaving could scarcely be exercised without the fair traders suffering occasionally. But, in truth, the squadrons seem to have proceeded upon the assump tion that every vessel trading to North Western Africa is, on that account, a suspicions character. The effect of the anti-slave trade measures hitherto pursued by this country has been rather to retard than to ac celerate the extinction of that traffic. They have en listed national pride in its behalf : young end gallant Brazilians of goad family have been known to engage 16, THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 11, 184 R. in it,seduced by the idea that they were thereby defiance to English dictation. The' have introdui a new, a more abandoned and ferocious clams of dealers into the business—men half smugglers, balf pirates and the corruption of the native Africeas who deal with them has consequently been increased. Lastly, they have, to a great extent, debarred the Africans from the civilising influences of legitimate traffic. The attempts hitherto made for the suppres sion of the slave trade have increased the barbarism of the countries whence the slaves are obtained, and thus strengthened the slave -dealing interest there; and, on the other hand, they have neither rendered slaves materially scarcer or dearer in the countries which import them. They are totally inoperative am a means of equalising the conditions of the British sugar growers with those of Cuba and Brazil. It may be added that they iMerpose a serious ob stacle to the o t rios of the most feasible measure hitherto pro f o r enabling our West Indies to compete witt their slave-owning rivals. A large and continuous immigration of free labourers from Africa, it has been maintained, by enabling our West Indian planters to command a regular supply of labour for moderate wages, would enable them to produce sugar as economically as the Portuguese and Spanish slave owners. It is, however, extremely doubtful whether this emigration could be carried on to a sufficient ex tent to be effective from the British possessions in Western Africa. And the moment it is attempted to be carried on from other parts of the coast, two diffi culties are to to apprehended. In the first place it may really be converted by the slave traders into a means of concealing and facilitating their nefarious traffic. In the second, it will assuredly expose this country to groundless jealousies and accusations , and render the operations of our squadron for suppressing the slave trade more than ever a source of dangerous and embarrassing discussions with other powers. On these grounds it seems difficult to avoid the deliberate conclusion that our present anti-slave trade operations, so far from being of advantage to the British colonist in his attempts to compete with the sugar growers of Cuba and Brazil, are positively in jurious to him. In another article we propose to con sider the probable effects, as regards him, of perse vering in the imposition of differential duties on slave grown sugars. THE character of the bar is really very seriously implicated by the course pursued to and by Sir FITZ ROY KELLY in the action of " Buron r. Denman." Here is a Spanish subject who, for rive years, has in this suit given his most unreserved confidence to Sir FITZROY KELLY, and has, at a serious cost to his pocket, acted under the advice and by the direction of Sir FITZROY ; yet, when his cause is ripe for trial, when his witnesses are summoned, when a day is Axed for the hearing, he is not only deprived of his leading counsel's services, but has, helplessly, to see those services and that confidence transferred to the party he is pursuing for damages ; and this under a plea that must be perfectly unintelligible to him, that scarcely explainable even to English laymen. No precedent, no practice, can justify, or even excuse, so immoral a transference. It is a gross libel on the whole batch of Queen's counsel to suppose that Sir Draws KELLY'S aid is so valuable as to be secured at this sacrifice of morality and good faith. The crown has no right to them at any such price. Had Sir DsvlD DEsitss been at the equity bar, there might have been the appearance of an apology for requiring the assistance of the Queen's counsel holding the largest number of briefs, and re quiring the t.ighest fees. But as the SoLtEiroa- GENERAL practises in the common law courts, and as he is only known as a common law lawyer, there can be no necessity for even a third Queen's counsel in the defence. The conduct—the leading part of the defence—must on the trial be assumed by the ATTORNEY Or SOLICITOR-GENERAL. Sir FITZROY KELLY'S public share in the defence must be confined to the cross-examination of the plaintiff's witnesses, and to the examination of the defendant's witnesses— a task half a score of Queen's counsel could perform as efficiently as he can. The confidence necessarily bestowed by the plain tiff in this case was, it must be apparent, of most vital importance; for the defence, in point of fact, consists in the allegation that when the cause of action accrued, the plaintiff was engaged in the slave trade. The truth or falsity of this allegation must have been disclosed in the mi nutest detail to Sir FITZROY KELLY ; the evi dence by which it had to be disproved or avoided would have to be laid before him ; the penetralia of the plaintiff's life must have been exposed to him ; the weaknesses of his case made known to him ; the character of his witnesses—the value of their testi mony—the points where their statements required support, all told to him ; and with this knowledge, this information, this confidence of the plaintiff's, be is new of counsel for the defendant. Such conduct, no matter how impelled, is not creditable to the bar of England. The least that ought to be done under such circumstances is for the Admiralty to withdraw the brief they have given Sir FITZROY KELLY. Decency on their part requires this. Delicacy would in addition suggest the return of all the fees paid by the plaintiff to Sir FITZROY KELLY. How differently has Sir FREDERICK POLLOCK, the Lord Chief Baron, acted in this very ease. That learned personage having, when Attarney-General, been consulted by the Admiralty in the action, now refuses as a judge to preside over the trial of its True, the spheres of a judge and of a counsel are different ; but the morality that ought to direct the conduct of both is the same. A change of adminis tration may place Sir FITZROY KELLY in the position that Sir FREDERICK POLLOCK fills; and with what confidence could the public regard a judge who, as counsel, has thus conducted himself? If the bar will look on the rest of their fellow creatures as plaintiffs and defendants only, and hold fees to be the chief end of life, they must be content to perpetuate and strengthen all the popular prejudices against the profession. But even in this light they will find honesty and fair play to their clients to be the best policy. Henceforward no plaintiff in an action in which the crown or any department of government defends, can safely retain or seek the advice of Sir Ferniest KELLY ; for at any stage of the proceedings, even when we presume the brief is deli vered, his services can be transferred to the defend ant—he " has no choice"—" his oath of office," &c. &c. SPANISH finance has been a labyrinth through which no Spanish micirver, for the last half century, or more, has been able to thread his way to any ba lance of accounts. Budgets indeed have not been wanting in testimony of the scrupulous exactitude with which the Secretary de Hacienda has cal culated and squared the millions and milliards of reales do vellon to be raised of the year's income with the expenditure to be defrayed. The estimates, as laid before the Cortes, have been found marvellously to agree even to the last maravedi—both sides of the ledger with each other. Yet with all this punctilious parade of the nicest accuracy, with credits admirably assorted to face on paper all possible debits (redemption of principal, or acquit tance of interests on foreign and home funded debt being entirely out of question) , the financial anna ls of Spain have yet to show one single year in which the future had not to be largely discounted for the pre sent; in other words, in which the revenues of years to come had not to be anticipated by mortgages and monopoly contracts at the most exorbitant rates of usance, for covering estimates in default, and expen diture run riot. It may be doubted indeed whether, by the crafty combinations of jobbing financiers with farmers of taxes and monopoly seekers in a land where official honesty is not too highly rated, the treasury of Spain has not been too often accommodated with loans of its own rents already in hand, after a deduc tion of 50 per cent. for the seeming accommodation, like the young spendthrift hidalgo in " Gil Illas " by his trusty steward, and the cunning Israelite who enacted the supposed money . lender. If faith could be reposed in the duration of Spanish ministries, which for long past may be said to have changed with the moon, hop a might reasonably be entertained now of a financial regeneration for Spain. BELTRAN DE LIS, the minister now in charge of an exchequer which he found empty and is required to fill, has had the honest hardihood to declare on presenting his first budget of ways and means to the Cortes, that as the expenditure was greatly in excess of the revenue, the only way to redress the balance was by the reduction of the one to the level of the other. The estimates for 1848, as prepared by his predecessor, showed a real deficit of 255,189,000 reals, or in sterling of 2,551,8901. " How" he ob served " was this deficit to be made good ? New con tributions were impossible ; a loan was impracticable older present carcurastanoss ; and there was uo.ntbel we than redacting the elPenees to the level tit' re- venni, Thar difficulties wee, all but invincible; but thO geveriment was determined to effect this object at Iriatever oost." 13nch 'language has rarely been heard, or such a just and patriot principle of action so resolutely avowed, within the halls of a Spanish Cortes. They come in graceful corroboration of the reputation already won by Senor BELTRAN DS Lle in this coan try and in France, when personally he was before well known and esteemed. They are the more honourable to him because practice follows close upon preempt. Retrenchment was not a specious promise ad eaptandum, with performance in th e far perspec tive of possibility. lie proceeded at once to measure it out departmentally among his colleagues of the cabinet, without sparing his own office and patron age. He distributed to each his share in the economical sacrifice. The war estimates he cut I down by 68,679,207 reale, the navy by 36,913,156, the home-office by 15,212,846, the ministry of com merce and public works by 22,278,865, the finance — his own office—by 47,851,800, and so on with lesser sums for the departments of foreign affairs and justice. How far his colleagues may be dis p osed honestly to co-operate in carrying out the work of reform he has carved out for them remains :to be seen ; but there is no reason to doubt that BELTRAN DE Lie himself is in earnest, and stands pledged, specifically indeed, to the great out line of the scheme he has propounded in the Cortes. Reforming ministries are seldom, however, long lived anywhere, and Spain above all is not the exception. The minister and the reform, both unwelcome, may become the victims any day of a cabinet intrigue, or the caprice of a royal dowager only too lavishly dowered at the cost of the nation. The foreign creditors will derive little of hope or consolation from perusal of the budget; they, at least, who are owners of those masses of inert stock, cow pone, deferred and passive bonds, &c., upon which no interest is paid, or promised in direct terms to be paid. Forty millions of reels (400,0001) are indeed specially " for the arrangement of the p ublic debbtt ;" but in what shape . it is to be employed, or has hitherto been, no information is afforded, nor is any plan of arrangement indicated. It may be hoped only that the amount is not diverted to buying up and extin guishing titles at the vile prices of the day, for which the Spanish government received in hard money at, the rate of 60 or 70 per cent. That Spain, in spite of civil broils and gross mis- I government, is still in progress, and rich in the elements of progress, may be evidenced in the ascendtheg in productiveness of her revenues. In 1823 official accounts stated them at 532,800,000 reale only—ray 5,328,0001. In the best years of FER DINAND they roseto something more than 800,000,000 reale, or eight millions sterling. According to the estimate ef Senor BELTRAN DE LIS, on presentation of the budget, they are taken at 1,283,631,000 reale, or 12,836,0001., having much more than doubled in less than a quarter of a century. But the expenditure has ever been kept in advance, even of this extraordi nary speed of income, by thirty or forty per cent. IT is hard if the Duke of WELLINGTON have not put chased the right of riding his hobby, toll-free. Ile may leap his light courser over the bounds of probability , nay, gallop the impetuous animal into the very teeth of common-mime, as gallantly as ho marched hundreds against thousands at Assaye, or the Guards against Les near de la Yleilk Garde at Waterloo. And he will find no lack of followers either. Grave journalists, reasoning lawyers, calculating merchants, and peace loving divines, will back the Duke on his forlorn hope of getting up a military mania and fortification-lever in Great Britain A.D. 1848. The mention of the year sets us thinking. Has 1798 come again, or 1804 ? Is Inland still in rebel lion, parliament still unreformed, the press still gagged, men's blood a-boil with the contagious frenzy of revolution, steam yet in its infancy, the power loom still a giant in swaddling clothes? Are the French still our natural enemies? Are we as sore with beating, they as sore with being beat, as before Trafalgar and Waterloo? Above all, where is the General iii:ONAPARTE of 1798 and the Directory, or the emperor of 1804 and the Boulogne flotilla? And what has become of the lessen of the revolution, and its devastating, ruinous, all-embracing war ? Have European kings and peoples, Bouenox-like, remem bered nothing and forgotten nothing, since 1815 ? If all this be so, then, indeed, it is not too soon to bestir ourselves. If we may wipe the last fifty years out of the world's life, it certainly is time that Brighten had a more effectual protection than its four useless guns, and a larger military body than even its one bom bardier. The Cinque ports had better array them selves at once under their gallant warden. While Sandwich, Deal, Folkestone, ltye, Romney, Hythe, and Tcntcrden, display a firm front, we cannot con ceive a foe daring enough to try the southern coast. It is lucky the cry of invasion has been raised in the winter, when the energies of the gallant coast-town population will not be distracted by the bathing sea son and their summer lodgers. How should they dread an invasion of the French who have an inva sion of the English every summer ? Talk of the twelve roads by which a I. rench army might march from the Channel coast to London ! are there not half a dozen towns of lodgin.r-houses in which they must spend at least a night ? Let the inhabitants boldly present their little accounts in the morning that would be a charge which no Frenchman could stand a moment. Bayonets would be nothing to bills. Let Deal and Sandwich take measure by the Dover rates, and keep a lot of such documents ready filed, and we will back them as more effectual than any ordnance Woolwich can furnish. ILIVGRAUD himself, and the whole Flat major, would be cleaned out by a week at Brighton. But suppose the railway paisage safely achieved, is there not the perilous pass of London-bridge, a transit hardly achievable even by a single cab, and utterly impossible to an army ? Conceive the mise rable efforts of a corps of French pioneers to clear away a dozen Putney and Paddington omnibuses, with drivers deaf to reason, and conductors neither believing in French money, nor comprehending the French language. And then, London-bridge crossed, are they not certain to find the pavement up in Fleet street? Who ever remembers that line of way pass able from end to end? Its normal state is a series of effective barricades; and we cannot conceive the paving companies so unpatriotic as not to ensure a general water-pipe derangement, or some serious internal disorder of the se ere, to justify a complete break up of the paving system of our leading tho roughfares. Following the example of 1798, no doubt the authorities would organise into corps the fraternities of the coal-heavers, cabmen, and watirmen. Conceive the effect of a constant fire of " chaff " from a strong body of cabmen, advantageously posted, and abund antly supplied with beer. They would drive the Frenchmen to despair in a quarter of an hour. The fire-engines might also be drawn out and played on the troops, so as to damp their ardour and powder at the same time. We cannot think that the inhabitants of Brig , avia would relish the erection of block-houses in their numerous squares. Perhaps they might as advantageously concentrate their force in the two giant-houses at the Albert-gate, as a sort of acropolis. No doubt Mr. IlensoN would give up his mansion to so patriotic a use, and perhaps garrison it with a detachment of his own " navvies." The old hints of 1798 direct artillery parks to be formed in the squares, but as they could not be fired there without blowing down the houses in front of them, we should anticipate considerable opposition from the occupants. The corporation of London has always signalised itself by its activity in the defence of vested rights, and has been characteristically on the alert in former alarms of invasion. In 1798, every ward furnished its corps, under the guidance of the civic officers. We are not aware if the Lumber Troop dates from that troublesome time. But the late tight between the Court of Aldermen and Common Council must have given these gentlemen considerable practice in warfare ; and their dexterity in using offensive words will probably be easily applied to the use of offensive weapons. Some, however, will be inclined to distrust the City from its liability to panic. Altogether we cannot despair, when we think of these and similar means of defence, even though parliament should refuse to saddle the country with some extra millions of expense for fortifications or soldiers. We have no doubt, for our own part, that when the French come (which will probably be the same year that Mr. JOHN O'CONNELL dies on the floor of the house, that a repeal parliament takes its seat on College-green, and that the income-tax is done away with), they will find the country very much too hot to hold them, considering that all the military geniuses will hana sagelt • point to set all the riven on tire, sad to Wane the public mind to a pitch, of which woe faint conception may be formed, from the highly inflammatory and explosive articles which even the Duke's letter has set going off in the newspapers. MADRID, JAN. 3. The document presented in Congress on Friday, relative to the accusation of Salamanca, is, as I dated on Saturday, confined to that ex-minister alone. It turns upon four articles : I. the Araajnez Railway affair ; 2, the negotiations with the bank of Ardoin ; 3, the conversion of the arrears of the royal patri mony ; 4, the Alicante smuggling business. The ac cuantion is therein developed in all its details. If the sections to which it has passed approve, it will beread before Congress. The charges having been thus de clared Senor Seijas will speak in support of them, and in consequence of the essentially personal cha racter of the accusation Salamanca will be permitted to reply in hie own defence. The voting will be by ballot. If the chamber agree to take the accusation into consideration, it will go back to the sections for the appointment of a committee to report on the sub ject. This is the first time that a case of the kind has occurred in the parliamentary annals of Spain. Seiju is a member of the committee appointed by the ma jority to draw up the accusation. He was a member of the Sotomayor cabinet, and, consequently, col league of three of the present ministers. In speaking he 18 long-winded, but so far from eloquent that a very general thinning of the benches becomes visible whenhe is on his legs. On Friday evening the Queen had a sudden seizure of illness, resembling a slight fit. Upon two previous occasions her Majesty has suffered similar attacks. The present, although far from presenting aggra vated symptoms, wu considered of sufficient import ance to justify sending for Narvacz. The physicians attributed it to the heat of the Queen's apartment. Next day her Majesty appeared in public in an open carriage, with every sign of undiminished good health, and went in the evening to a soiree given by the Marquis of Miratiores. On their way the royal party met the holy viaticum, which the Queen, alight ing, followed to the residence of the sick person in need of that ghostly comfort. On the let day of the new year Mr. Bolwer gave a sumptuous dinner to upwards of thirty English residents in Madrid, and two or three Spaniards. Conspicuous among the latter were those two illustri ous chiefs of the progresista party, Olozaga and Mendizabal, who occupied places next to the English minister. The representative of the United States, General Saunders, was also present. The first toast was, " The two Queens of England and Spain," acknowledged by Olozaga in the name of the latter. Mr. Balwer, in a graceful speech, pointed to the amazing progress which had taken place in Spain since her enyoyment of free institutions, and illus trated neatly the contrast between the present and the past, by reminding his guests that the man sion opposite to the embassy had formerly been the office of the inquisition, but was now the Ministry of Public Instruction. He proposed " per manent and cordial unioa between England and Spain." Olozaga, in acknowledging this toast, strongly advocated commercial Leedom. In proposing the health of General Saunders, the English minister remembered that the house where they were at pre sent assembled had formerly been the residence of the descendants of Montesuma. The conquerors of Mon tezuma were now, in their turn, yielding before the victorious arms of the people of the United States. Ile trusted that the issue of that conquest would prove as honourable to the humanity and liberal policy of the Anglo-Americans as it was to their bravery and soldiership. General Saunders briefly acknowledged the compliment to himself and country, and proposed 0 Constitutional and religious liberty." The mention of the twit species of liberty, by the way, may open our eyes to one of the features of American diplomacy in Spain, as well as Turkey. But perhaps the day is not quite yet arrieed when American missionaries will be allowed the same latitude in this country which has been afforded to them in the Ottoman empire. Olozaga, alluding to the subject of Mexico, could not forget that Spanish blood ran in his veins. But he hoped, while he deplored the misfortunes of a kindred race, that their political condition wou ld im prove under the auspices of the United Stm t s. The I/Lichens of Gor has been appointed camarera mayor to the Queen. General Amettler has been banished from the capital to liadajos, which destination he has, how ever, been permitted to exchange for Vittoria. Six days are given him to prepare for his departure. At present he is ill. CONSTANTINOPLE, Dec. 22. RENEWAL OF FRIENDLY RELATIONS BETWEEN TURKEY AND GREECE.—On the 20th inst. M. Ne cloudoff, secretary of the Russian legation at Athens, arrived here on board the Austrian steamer Impera trice. Ile was the bearer of a letter from the Greek government to Ali Effendi, the minister of foreign affairs at the Porte. On the 21st the Grand Vizier held a cabinet council for the purpose of deliberating on the purport of the communication received from Athens. In the letter of which M. Necloudoff was the bearer, the Greek ministry consent to accord to the Porte the satisfaction desired ; namely, to autho rise Ali Effendi to express to M. Mussurus the regret experienced by the cabinet of King Otho for what had taken place at the royal ball in the month of January. The termination of the mis understanding is attributed to the interven tion of the Emperor Nicholas, upon whose wis dem and justice are lavished the most hyper bolical encomiums. The praise lavished on the Emperor found a ready echo amongst several of the members of the Turkish council. Hall! Pacha, the lord high admiral, and Said Pacha, the commander in-chief, commented strongly on the gratitude due from the Porte to the Czar, who had so nobly saved the honour of Turkey and prevented the outbreak of hostilities, which, though they might prove most disastrous to Greece, would have entailed enormous expense and embarrassments on the Ottoman empire. England by her threats and Austria by her negotia tions (said the lord high admiral), bad alike failed in forcing Greece to accord the satisfaction demanded by the Porte. Three months ago I foretold the manner in which this question would terminate. The influence of France in Greece was confined to the person of Coletti, and the appeal to Austria was merely a feint to gain time till events should become sufficiently threatening to give a proper i:clat to the successful intervention of Russia, and until the Emperor Nicholas had shown to the world with what facility he could make a cat's-paw of his English ally. Osman Pacha, the commander-in-chief of Anatolia, died of cholera, at his residence at Constantinople, on the 19th instant. The Porte has within the last few days purchase the house and grounds of Mr. Hanson, situated at Therapia, for 5,0001., and made a present of them to Lord Cowley. This makes the fifth house presented by the Porte to the British embassy. They are all situated in the same neighbourhood at Therapia, and occupy, with the gardens attached to them, some 70 or 80 acres. FRANCE.—PARIS, JAN. 9.—DI , TOVitRY OF AN ANCIENT EDI rice.—ln digging foundations for a new court of correctional police in the court and to the south of the Sainte-Chapelle of the Palace of Justice, a surface of from 400 to 500 square metres, forming the foundations of an ancient edifice, have been discovered. These consist of se ver.' chambers, with walls two metres in thickness, like those of the naafis& Therms, Rue de la llarpe. As in the Purvis Notre Dame, parts of columns, medals, broken crockery, and some small works of art, have been found. FONTIFICATIONS OF lIAVNE.—Fresh conferences have taken place between the officers of the military en giro ering department and the chief engineer of the port of Havre, for the purpose of remodelling almost entirely the project of works to be executed for the defence of that sea port. These works have acquired, according to the combina tions of scientific persons, a degree of importance far greater than was attributitl to them in the first project of 1846, That project only valued the expenses attendant on its exe cution at sireen millions of francs. Now the system of fortifications is completely changed, and it will be necessary to conquer from the sea the foundations of the new front of the defences. The expenses are now calculated at 61,195,700 francs. PRUSSIA.—BERLIN, JAN. 3.—The King's procu rator-general, who had appealed against a great number of the sentences on the Polish prisoners as b ing too lenient, has abandoned all his appeals, except in the cases of those persons who bad appealed, and 12 others. Amongst the latter are M. de Dombrowski, M. Mackiewich, and M. de Bialoskotski. We are also informed that the sister of M. de Mieroslawaki, who had come to Berlin from Paris, had lett the Prussian capital without seeing her brother. The government had consented to an interview, but M. de Mieroslawski, fearing that his affection for his sister would not be proof against her entreaty that he should implore the royal clemency, had refused to receive her. The health of the Minister of State, Count d'Arnim, is so bad that it is not supposed he will be able to take any part in the labours of the Committee of the States. I I AUSTRIA.—VIENNA, DEC. 30.—The body of Marie Louise, late Duchess of Panne, rod widow of Bona. parte, arrived at Vienna on the 29th in the evening. It will be buried in the Capucin Convent by the side of Napoleon's son, the Duke of Rtichstadt. RUSSIA.--sTATurrics.—According to the alma- Back published for the year 1848 by the Academy of St. Petersburg, European Russia comprises a surface of 90,117 equals miles, with a p ipulatiun of 54,092,000 souls; the kingdom of Poland, an extent of 2,320 square miles, with 14,850.000 inhabitants; and the grand duchy of Finland, 6,844 tquaremiles, and 1,647,702 inhabitants. According to the last census, St. Petersburg possessed a population of 413,000. In 1840, 1,687 poode of gold (the pond is 401 b.), I pood of plating, and 1,190 ponds of silver were extracted from the mines of the empire. The public debt is estimated at 315,081,200 silver roubles (a rouble is 4fr. 25c.). Bills of credit are in circulation to the amount of 216,167,689 silver roubles, and assignats of the empire to that of 117,124220 silver roubles. NEW ZEALAND. The letter from Mr. Lawrence Ifeyworth, copied from the , New Zealand Journal into a recent number of the Express, on the question of the claims of natives to un occupied lands, hues given rise to the following corre spondence on the subject. Mr. Heyworth is right. Let some attention be bestowed on the accurate definition of the rights of natives, and there will be little probability of their being infringed on the pert of colonists themselves. But with a haphazard colonisation like that at present pursued by the British government how can the administration of native rights b eco me systematic? Where no fixed prin. ciplee arc acknowledged the peace of a colony will always be at the mercy of every demagogue, secular or ecclesiastic, who may esteem notoriety, purchas ed at to cheap a rate and in so plausible a cause, worth hunting after. The case I of New Zealand is, however, somewhat singular in this me Bisect. It is the only colony in which native rights have I been looked after from the first. Reserves were made for the natives by the New Zealand Company, and were placed under judicious regulations, till the government thought fit to supersede them. In their core for the native+, during the first year of the colony, the conduct of the New Zealand Company was praiseworthy. The first serious blot in their escutcheon is that now aoparent—via., of permitting Earl Grey to carry his kaleidoscope principles of colonisation without question on their part. They may yet retrieve their error as the bill goes through committee. If they do not, both the country and the colonists will form no very high opinion of the motives which now actuate them sea body. " Bloomfield, Jan. 6, 1848.—Dear Sir,—l beg to acknow ledge, on behalf of the directors of the Loudon Missionary Society, the receipt of — copies of the New Zealand J ournal , containing a letter from yourself, on the subject of right in land. As our society neither has at present, nor hes had any missionaries in New Zealand. of course the remarks in your letter do not apply to us. At the same time you will for give sue in saying that the subject requires to be treated less with declamation than argument ; and that the superior might employed by , civilised countries, in subduing both the might and the right of the aborigines of our colonies, might, perhaps, be employed advantageously in defending those aborigines in the possession of their Just rights, of which they aasuredly . have same. The history of our colonisation hitherto is principally that of extermination.—l sin, &c., J. S. Face-MAN, Home Secretary. To Lawrence Heyworth, Esq., Yew Tree." Yew Tree, Liverpool, Jan. 7, 1848.—My dear sir,—Your acknowledgment of the copies of the New Zealand Journal containing a letter from me on the subject of right of pro pert jin land, I have received, and de-ire to return you my thanks fur the coasidoiation you bare been induced to give to this very important subject. I fully concur with you that declamation is not the way in which this subject ought to be treated, but that arguments should be used drawn from his torical facts, illustrative of the atrocities that a vicious prin ciple of appropriating territorial rights has inflicted on humanity throughout past ages, and of the impious obstacle the popularly received principle has opposed to the declared design of God, that the earth should not remain a barren wilderness, but being a mighty machine for raising human food it should be cultivated and replenished with inhabitants. These are arguments to the point, and as such fairly claim consideration from every right.minded man. A clear exhibition of the circumstances, which, in harmony with the pure ethic* of Christian morals, can alone constitute property, must be allowed to be also derivable, and the pus.- seance of a course which would lead to these clear concep tions on the matter justifiable. To this mode of treating the subject of the letter you kindly acknowledge I have endea voured to confine myself. My ce jest in having the letter sent m your committee was, to offer a friendly, and what I hoped would not be considered an officious, warning througl them to your missionaries, respecting a grave error too com monly entertained in the matter of territorial rights. I am glad, at all events, thatyour missioaaries cannot be ins :ilicated in the disastrous fallacies on this subject fostered in the min is of the natives by the Bishop of New Zealand. I am glad also to hear • rumour that the methodist mission in New Zealand has remonstrated against the inflammatory protest of the bishop to the natives, and has deprecated and predicted the misery it is calculated to produce. I knee, not if at present I am a subscriber to the London Mission. ary Society, but my having been a subscriber for a period of twenty or thirty years, is some indication of the deep inte rest I take in the successful issue of their great work.—l am, my dear sir, yours truly, LAWRENCE IIEYWORTH.—J. S. Freeman, E'q. P.S. That you may more clearly know the spirit in which I have addressed myself to this question, I hand you a copy of a letter written to the Secretary of the Peace Society on the subject." Yew Tree, Jan. 4, IB4B.—My dear Sir,—The ' Abori gines' Protection Society' appears to me • kindred associa tion to the ' Peace Society.' Their main design, I presume, is to protect the natives from violence in the progress of their admission to, and transition into, civilised lite. To do this peacefully an enlarged and true view of the declared pur ries of God to people the earth, and a correct understand ing of the moral origin of all specific property, is essentially requisite. An absence of such correct information on the part of missionaries who are impressed with the popularly received notions on this subject, which opinions are as savagely unsouud as are those held by barbarians, has led them inadvertently to inflame the passions of the untutored savages with an instinctive, grasping avarice—to assert, vaguely and capriciously, claims to regions of almost un known wilderness lands. 'Hostility, war, and bloodshed have in consequence been, as from such causes they must be, the certain result. To avert, if possible, this cruel calamity, by the removal of the malignant source from which it springs, I have written the letter contained in the New Zealand Journal accomp.mying this. If the views developed in this letter will serve to lay the foundation of the social compact deep in the peace-engendering principles of eternal justice, its insertion in our peace publications may be desirable.—' am, my dear Sir, yours truly, LAWRENCE HETWORTIL-7 Isaac Cooke, Esq., 1, Exchange-buildings West, Liverpool. BRITISH COLONIES.—THE WEST INDIES. Hitherto the colonies of this group have been almost entirely isolated from each other. The merchants the mother country trading to them have been united, there has been wonderfully little community of interest action among the resident colonists. Not only were communities inhabiting Jamaica and Trinidad (for exam} so widely different in their characters and circumstances , to render entire sympathy and cooperation difficult ; but the straggling manner in which the British West India colonies are scattered over a wide expanse of sea kept their inha bitants to a considerable extent strangers to each other, The introduction of colonial intercommunication steam is drawing them closer together; and its fluence, together with the naturally and rapidly . creasing predominance of the British element in the popu lation of all of them, will, ere long, make of our West Indies one united community ; but their present character requires. to appreciate it, that some circumstances in their past history be constantly kept in view. The diversity of circumstances and character now verted to requires that each colony or government be in first place considered independently and apart. To that separate articles will be devoted to Jamaica, Guiana, Ti dad, the Windward Islands, the Leeward Islands, the _ hamas group, and Honduras. But, ea in this classificatior several colonies are occasionally grouped together, it will b advisable to direct attention in the first place to some fa regarding their history and institutions, which render classification into governments, though the beet that can adopted, not entirely satiefectury. Some of these colonies have been acquired by settlement others by capture or cession. In general those which he' b en acquired by settlement are entirely British in the , ratter of their population, while the others retain more less characteristic traces f the nation which founded thee in their social or political relations. Jamaica is an excep tion ;• for though acquired by capitulation, the remote pe riod .t which its acquisition took place, and the almost entire change in its inhabitants consequent upon that event, have sup, rinduced upon it the same characteristics as we find in our original settlements. Again, some of these colonies from the time they contracted the colonial nexus with Give Britain, have been governed by institutions framed the model of those of the mother country, while others favoured have been left subject to the control of governors, assisted by non-elective councils, and of the C nial office acting through the instrumentality of what , called orders in council. Guiana occupies an intermediat, stage : it is subject to orders in council, but it has a legisla tive and a taxing assembly, elected by a circuitous process, favourable to a very indirect and questionable influence the part of the executive. Classified according to the means by which this country has acquired them, the West India colonies might ranged as follows :—ACQUIRED BY SETTLEMENT: hados (settled in 1605), St. Kitt's (in 1623), Nevis 1628), Bahamas (in 1629), Antigua and Montserrat 1632), Tortola and Anguilla (1666). ACQUIRED BY C TUBE Jamaica (in 16,55), Trinidad (in 1797), Bri Guiana and St. Lucia 1803). ACQUIRED BY Caasis. Dominica, Grenada, St. Vincent, and Tobago (in 176 Honduras is also held in virtue of a treaty (concluded 1670) which might be termed a cession, but for the limited right of occupancy or rather use that it conveys. On the I I anomalous nature of the right which the Colonial-offic. d/feels to consider the crown as possessing in this territory ere shall have occasion to remark when we come • ascribe it. The form of government established in each colony suggest a somewhat different classification—info what been called crown and charter colonies. All the \ India colonies acquired by settlement are administere , by a governor, a council, and an elective assembly, according to the more prevalent farm of the old charter colonial governments. The same institutions are enjoyed by Jamaica, our first acquisition by capture, and the colonies ceded by France in 1763. Oar subsequent acquird- lionsii . ti t a h b e b i i t y r a . 4 1 i..a P t l a ge whetheroh a wer e n:m f o e n u t t heb Britishy e °otreryother h representativeshadrall race,t e a n't parrs ed . 6614 6 bo a, administered by a local governor and co l un d e ite.. d n , tte a u, ub :ot y hi: eel emei__..t 7: 1 y i p n u t ic under piecingue, council. a c tt i t l l i Imgi Guiana,to limited rnr windwarde n o g as e a onal readyi. ofd Barbados i leeward n te rfe te r e i : nr c a n ei i h ' * A :l; n. . .1. 7 ' ...-------- irt, •• th,:tioQnueeofn. WINDSOR , MONDA • Alb e rt, a ccompanied by lowed to two semi-representative bodies. The t ,„." the Princess Bevil, the galena left the Castle t i rPu li e e s u P : e .e al l evle t eel •governors or efficers a o dm bthuet i r n th i e t l e ol ri oen n e t:: : ll : a t t t a h h oco : k r , eT . e , --- 7 .7 al suite consisted of t Canning.t. the Lord in taro Keeper of her Mapes . y tars Equerries in Waiun , ment, has added a new variety to our West India: f r ors% — ,,e local governments of mol o oe f ndila ß ra s o r ifi bs orce a a ce n; or Antigua nu'a r raw „,. '' Seymour; and the Mast , r The august party quitte 1 o'clock, in several canal r the Royal Regiment of I "P o w f hv G aegtro re nalm n earc a ey d no a bet:s r caltb S elle t : . dal K a",r i l e: : u nnodd m wary all it io; co ttdii m n": oftoththe d rectl irec y tl , y th w ro it u h g The Chancellor of t ba lion ble d , u an ru d e m nj us oy t s ag a sa f o or b m e cl or as g is o ut ve a r p n a m rt en fr t ion no a t il e tte : C7 de t The returned to their -. o p e n s n de . a n do t :f gcolonies,diabeyiwpe colonies:,a: ;L o trt tirsc colonies colonies . e : y7,oz a rl iir t ,t t a : h., 4, l o i 0 I I :::_z_ s e is in some sort a dependen .t. c p y de f li ,a eg m fih a l i s ca o.d. .. diiodattedheelyri.izt: Dcvprtitih...7... day, from a visit to the 5 down., at Bowood Poi, His Excellency •ii Classified according to their institutions, the West Lath colonic would, ow ct oh ieu nl oc i i s l t . h g e : f e l : town for the Continent satellites colonies , TOWER WAE ' , ~. d climes would be further subdivided into colonies with o men — Yesterday a ward .1. i se ag n . t s a u ti e v e e t ins an ti d tu d ti e h e ld in Bakers' Hall, li a or (what is worse) the Coloniai-office. To the clam at m a : an alderman in the ro CIPAL COLONIES nehorto—First, Colonies with - deceased. At three o', • legislatures—Jamaica, Antigua, Barbados, Balla • .... took the chair, and ~ the usual manner, KL:ennyte, o ;sr ag n ...• ~_.,.. Mr. SIMPSON procce :I , ' eT o V e ; Ci ? d nio : tit'i t . c h e : l :e y nil et modes o.,l °Dw i v r: e g iT4iatra s in ho ai;eiclke"rbs: 6y Orders o rra jan t : ' have ,ro N : s e ncbv based, 4 8 e s, rn t ht . ..me i 6. : " : 06 : gratulated them on bee during his short ten • i teme af proofs of urbanity and .t alty. He (Mr. S itu ps, i The considerations, nevertheless, upon which the two m o was about to perform a to be kept in view when seeking to appreciate the charedi and condition of each colony, would lead to conf • • confusion ia endeavour to present a statistical account of each. ' 1 91 . 1 ward for more than • have, therefore, preferred to devote one article to cash of fie : i islandsa d n! %%tee.: connected colonies, , geographicala onetoeac r h o l i f mthietygr:i sad pa abets r cm. lamented gentleman Me bad 1 n ituwv never d o a i j al among wi t h‘ i o o a them b: t h anr e ad m o . l ~ ,i : supply. ; mon subjection ti one governor-general. We shall Una earliest days, and cons I. pass in review successively Jamaica, Guiana, Trinidad. t h. be looked upon him as I I Windward Islands, Leeward Islands, and Baham a . and Honduras. Mies Ald e rman Lucas ha. threatened with ins.. a 1 Amid all the diversities, however, which the dar oms • Thames, call. d the It -:. i circumstances of local position and historical deeelop eo w of the government, i e i have superinduced in these colonies, they resemble mo t easefully for the 'Wet), o s other in their most essential features. In all of thee*. Alderman Lucas we c r capitalist class, with few though increasing e t ... man of the ward of ' o . Goes, is of European, the labouring, with very fa s , distinguished himself i - exceptions, of African, race. These classes stood, urea his office. His mice os very recently, in the relation of masters and du o onerous duty to perfo ns to each other, and the asperities inevitable betaq pleasure that he (Mr. ' a a dominant and subservient caste, more espeeidh, Finnic, Esq., as a fit a y in communities among which the peculiarities of our Low s ward in the Court 01 n system had been engrafted on those of the slave gram ma he had heard that a s in which colour and other external peculiarities were a mil he supposed that their a sat upon the brows of the serfs to mark them out, haunt him, as there were •• ir yet altogether subsided. The misunderstandiugs hems scratch. ( Laighter 1 .e arising have been rendered more complicated by the eta. one who had Hs xi t, meaning but often injudicious interference of the patmour years, whom they w a advocates of the lately emancipated class, and by that am they could entirely de I perplexing of all entanglements, theological or (more ps man who had receiv..l n per speaking) clerical squabbles. These somewhat hire* who, having been ch patible ingredients of society have, however, their comm. ever since distinguiel ed 1, sympathies, derived from the circumstance of their ask- devotion to the busii 'as merits and opinions being imbibed from teachers formed out a shadow of heel . a ir 'under the influence of British laws, British monk • man most worthy the a • il and religious faith, and British tastes. Lush, with , Mr. M. CLARK hail i- respect to their economical coudition, all are labouring node nomination, and he di. y the consequences of a sudden transition from social relabels had come into the e a r. re based on personal slavery, to personal relations based sa ticesbip with credit m at universal personal freedom. months of its ezpirnio to This last consideration will fall to he more fully dimmed nese over to him. tII s- after we have passed in review the economical utilities of mon council in 1833, a• a. each colony—indicating the specialities of the cue of mak, tirraities of the late Al. in But it was impossible to avoid all reference to it here, lo aim as deputy, transact d le the circumstance which lends such a pain: ul prac.ic..l inter* Finns had also been eat to everything that relates to these colonies at the prune Committee, an office in moment. A few words will snake this clear. in the estimation of ng The square in reticles of the British possessions in the Clark) had been 41. y - th West Indies (including Guiana) is about 63273 name carried en husioe,s, oh miles. The population was estimated in 1812 in 901,081 would be allowed to A souls. The population in 1841, as near as can he ascertained Me had thought it t o from the last imperfect census, was about 918,303. In 1841 nousineihin of Mr. F t the total expoi to from these colonies were valued d questions respecting x- 6,015,76.51.; their total imports at 5,376,1211., of wide been happy to find th p- sum 2,591,1241. represented the value of the liritislt alai respectable. Mr. Fin' his father had been a .. be Irish produce and manufactures imported from the tini*l eldest broth, r a capta -a- Kingdom. In 1843 the total value of the exports fr..m them an American lake, er colonies fell off to 4,973,77214 that of imports to 1,376,5051. ' valour, and so dieting . I Of this latter sum the portion representing the British sad commander sent h o "" ;h Irish produce and manufactures imported is 2.727,1191. To by the family. (Clue n- the fluctuating and precarious state of the returns trom is. the Indian arm), Is. dustry and speculation in the West Indies these figures bee Lynch, who tel a n melancholy testimony. distinguished olli , mr in --- SOW, *belly imp I THE LOSS OF THE AVENGER. were provided for on r y It is moat probable that the news of the fate of this (Hear, hear.) He m not proposed Mr. Fi ad Avenger will be conveyed to Sir Charles Napier by the that by property and •w Madrid steamer which lett Southamaton for Liabon one Fri- fill the aldermanic di . al- day last. Capt. -Napier, the unfortunate commander, wee attainmentaand lit of a step-son of Sir Charles. A son, and as only one, alderman of the Ci te- of the gallant admiral, a fine promising youth, was some they wanted was a • • m, time since killed in Paris in a boyish frolic. Lieut. business, and quick S. Marryat, another of those supposed to have perished is purposes he consider, the Avenger, was on beard the Sphynx when she wee gave the best augury ch wrecked at the back of the Isle of Wight. This in an coin. py were three or four military offici rs at Gibraltar who C s = t he greats st . on were about to proceed to Malta in the Avenger, and, If Mr. BARKLEY. w course, would base had a free passage in her. As soon, how- thirty years' stare lin• iri- ever, as the Pacha Arrived at the former place, this arrange from the chair, i i a is- ment was frustrated, In cause the rules of the service forbids not willing to de;,em ne, free passage being given to officers when berths can be ob that the late A•sle leir Mined in a passenger steamer. The gentlemen in questica 'irritation to ( hri is his were much annoyed at heing oblir d to go to Mal:a in tin invariably given .t o ur- Packs, and scarcely corcealed their displea-ure dung The Lunn blot. ad- the voyage. They are no doubt now thankful for the question was the no, illy fortune's escape. The Peninsular and Oriental Company's of their late aide in the steamers often go in sight of the Sorelle rocks on their mats Mr. BARKLEY wo arty from Gibraltar to Malta. It is not, therefore, so supra* which he put nu , of as as some have imagined to find the Avenger wrecked on that intention to surpo led spot. Some of the Sorelle rocks have an appearance eat know whether, 1, it red unlike the Needle rocks off the Isle of Wight. They IN oflice a tenure e, t ert, about half an hour's run in a steamer from the idaad of present, Mr. Finnis un- Galt ta. whether ho wou d. , eve The next despatches from Rear-Admiral Sir Charles Ns times to Christ's 4.• the pier will be accompanied by the latest muster books of ales lion within the ward by Avenger, when it will be ascertained who was on board whes by pecuniary em. ego. she was wrecked. The Avenger was fitted out at Port et* for the duties, h. w and and the greater part of her crew and all the dctac u went °figs* being called en i i this Marine Artillery joinel her there. The wives and rilaticeste Mr. FINNIS said pact calve their allotments at this Dockyard, but of cosine as him for fourteen See, stoppages will be made until the surviving officers (Lint that in the coe.m• .-1 Roche, and MeLarkham, the Bunn,-r), with tne stexanseas pledge himself t.. • -To boy, have been tried by cou.t-martial, and the circumstmasi retained the sum" al." attending the wreck inquired into according to the custonof in telling his frit ad the service, and then the vessel's name will be eneed frog the ward should ha the list of the navy. It is reported she had several superne by a pledge pre. !ii. r..S. meraries on board, taking a passage from the Tagus is where, should -t )pert ships in the Mediterranean. Captain Nipicr wily (Hear.) On the t a i n left Portsmouth on the 30th of November, in the poverty or old a, e, , but Oberon st amer, to take the command of the Avenger , sad ' isad called him t. and by their advice. 0 the superseded Captain Daces, who joined the St. Vincent as flag captain, in place of Captain Milne. It is stated distils office, which he '•• aple) was not on board more than 24 hours before putting to sea aggrandisement. es as Mr. Haile, the paymaster and purser, joined her on omens 1., his whole objec• t the lion from the Scourge, oily on the 6th of December, Id 2; duties of his off(. •. aides days before she was lost. F torn all accounts that hive use The LORD MA . inha• spired, the steering course of the Avenger was correct, sal ried unacimously ; ,ther a good look out kept, as she was in c raptly of the Paola Quested Fiords, I by from the 17th to the 20th, four days. On the evening at th e war d. a in. that day they parted company; and it is to be feared, host M r . liKsis 1 .. conferred, and i o. r ii the cios e st4t e e fed ol sa th il e , w an in d d h a e n r d ste se va a ,i ( t p li ) e , A th v a e t ng w e ra r Ise tt il it. under conferred, pops-ok down at the most critical and dangerous part of the voyage . ensuing iint yc l a l r ie . l A t. • from Gibraltar to Malta, and that she could not clear the after which the.. storyM rocks. wardmote term: • ' A " Caßtain of the Navy " writes hopefully is a morning L i r t end -NATAL AC( ' i i n th e relatives and friends of the unfortunate officer' and crew of paper. He &mere. a that at "this moment, when the ItAl .. An inquest w rein. t he fe ,i Avengert may affordar in their snch fa ar a n ii i s e. iug .o s m u e s relativepeconnsesolati,,n to to knowe ir ~ that if any part of them should have reached the island of College lloiqu . , is Be- . - for Middlesex, a Osleta, on the paddle-box and other bunts , which is only cationwho wen. ere a mill b e about fourteen miles from the scene of this sad disaster (and way on Thum iy . f acts of their having done this I h o pe a nd believe that there is a Birmingham 1. u or this great probability), there is but little fear of their suffering seeded to view th an b e from the want of food and water, as of the latter there is as Charlotte G • abundance, and of the former they will find a quantity of The witness st .te goats on the island ; added to which, about 33 yews :went, her care in the b h ave since, when cruising near it, I put a quantity of rabbits, at half- art th ee Le e h o , some hares, tome fowls, and, I think, a small male and on Thureday, h. female pig, also ; and I have been informed by my different ore or ral other w in .1. Two other" I. -id th em brother officers that when they have occasionally landed ea excep. Gains since that period, t o pe _ and saw part of the produce of the hares and fowls, but the ! • witness. The d . observed that :le almost were very wild ; of the rabbits, however, tiny brought off happened : i . event, large quantities. Thus, I trust, we shall soon learn that reached broken. He 1 we find very maty of the crew of the ill-fated Avenger have .. they found an abundance of rabbits. . He could talk i men under wi. ; a ed00 ,, , ,.. e . 0ni has from the e a n g d oms th a a t n t d h t e h y e h a a n v i e .h found p wounded. Mr. Parke. . ' - th e post ',tort safety on those shore s."" , . 1 fortunate trope ess causeon e a d n a y y 0 ep ourrov prove useful t,T.e i s e h a a t u o l d n a jo lly ut uni of thevisited the dece e Cola , . internal injures tat are EMIGRATION PROM LIVERPOOL—WC (LktPees • of the ribs were mediate Mail) are indebtedoto Lieut. Hodder, R N., the goveramat a hremorrhage a legisla - emigration agent, for the subjoined interesting statistics- :: fracture of the maces', Premising that the ordinary emigration from Liverpool to :.' were disjoint. il, l a a n ced am th p e le re ' w uP ith Pli te er nee on all parts of the world used to be about 40,000 souls per , last dorsal ver annum, it will be seen that even this large exp dilation 088 fractures at the tountry been, in 1847, augmented almost /mold(' !" Return, • which were a' • be sr- showing the emigration from the port of Liverpool daring sive cavity et.' : Bar- the year 1847: the of _--.-.---... . The deceased - :via fin Jsn.l April 1 July 1 ow. 1 mat (in to t o :to to T i ee& dent. In fat, CAP- Um fl. Jane 30. fleet. 31. Dee.7l. aces could n.t British - --- -----'___,.., • to the hothi• it s, —a3: United States ...... ..... lOU 93791 20711 BIOS log . Sala remaie , - a3 , South America ........ 1111 9 30 111 YON all of wii. - ,' N. An. Colonies, sb.: in c.a. 545 523362_23362_4557 $177 OW, whose ribs ided limited New Brunswick...« 77 113 5 270 s 49 8 the lunge, and On the Nova Scotia d-office Newfoundland_ .... _ ID so 43 111 _ 444 _ .do so. ~. Pr. Edward's Island 414 John Hick ,e r Mr. Cubits. a S ; Tri me t° . lo Atr Wet a, t tor . : U 49 45 fil s 1133 paned. It .• • Western Coast , would Cape of Good liapa 4 10 it have Australia, Ma. : 7 • hodsman, t , a West rail' — 4 i 10 the wall fell. slithered .e.rtern ia HeslPlC°oll-4 I On u being .n iera'"i , Other Porto , -...— the seaffobl. • vie old Total animauon dorm Isia onus are Ditto 1846 end of the ~, and the --- acqu- themes 59,61 t =~