The Express. — London, England, 1847-02-19 00:00:00

IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT. I.IOUSF, OF LOlll/B.—TUURF 4 DAT, FED. 18. The Eirl of SRAPTIaIIt:IIT (do Deputy bpe tker) to a his mat at five o'clock. PUBLIC BUGNESO, PETITIONS. —By the Duke 01E101140ND, from Dunfermline and For far, %Mesa the Steal in DistMeriee Biel; from Ihriligan, sensinat the Poor tannoral Am ; Lord Vivian, from Itorlenin, to the name effe, t. Earl of Mor . .orromet r., from a barony in Kilkenny, for relief ; Imo Kemal:, valor.: rating by reeetoral diti,iunn. I,nl likas from Monaghan, agaend outdoor relief to the able-bodied poor. FAO of Smaneamos, item lieything union, Suffolk, op t e ttt t the Law of Set tlement. Lord Barman iv. from the mayor and runistnitee of Liver pool, for amendment of criminal law. PAPERs PRESENTEO.—KirI Gan laid on the taVe of the boom a copy of a despatch (rota the Unernor-Goieral of Nom Scotia, end ing that the council of that colony hod, by a unanineoui rote, granted I,ooof. for the relief of the deaden. poor In Irrennel and tho H lands of Footliad. Ills lordship aLso laid on the table of the house paper" relating to the Caffre . .tsar. REPORT.—Destitute Persons Ireland) Bill. NOTICES OM MOTION. Join-bra. !WM.—Mi. Bari of Eau/Inm, on on early day, U more an addre.as for correepoodenee betneen the Scotch banker* Jnd the late and portent government v.. lating to the Joint..4toek Banks Mt of lest neeekm. Nolan Rockwora —.The Earl of Eunraimorear, to-morrow ;this day), to oak If any objection to lay you the table of the houm corrimueica tiers which had taken place with Impact to gore:omen aid to ludian endways. DESTITUTE PERSONS (IRELAND) BILL. Oa the motion for brissging up the report on this bill, The Earl of IiLLENBOROUOR said it appeared to him from one clause of the bill that the whole sum which wield be raised under it was only 300,0001. 1 f that were so, he thought that the merits of the measure had been much overrated by the Irish members of that and the other house of parliament. Ile was in favour of the principle of the Labour-rate Act, for which the present bill was intended to be a suheeitute, although he admitted that great abuses had been committed under it ; and when he read in the blue book the instances of intimidation under which the relief committees acted, and the jobbing which had been practised, he confessed to great despondency on that account, and not because of the failure of the potato crop. (Hear, hear.) He considered that the extent of the districts under the committees was in many instances so large, that to avoid abuse was almost impossible. He did not believe the land lords of Ireland would avail themselves to nay great extent of the loans for the improvement of their (state', because he considered it very problematical whether they would get back the outlay in increased rents. Unless the people were employed on extensive works over the country, they would not have money to purchase food, and therefore he thought the practical effect of the present memure would be, that instead of giving money and getting labour in return, they would have to give food, and get nothing in return. The measure might be good as ancillary to others, but standing by itself it was no more than this, that from the hard-earned means of the people of this country food should be given to the people of Ireland without exacting labour in return. (Hear, hear.) The Marquis of LANSDOWNE said, though there was a limitation to 300,0001. in one clause of the bill, yet by the 17th clause the government bad power to advance money from time to time. With respect to the merits of the bill , he thought it was not convenient or just to consider them except in relation to the other measures of the government. He thought the measure for making advances to the land lords ought to be considered in reference to the present bill, and the permanent Poor-law Bill. Notwithstanding the apprehessions expressed by the noble lord that the landlords would not avail themselves of the ant for melting advances, he (the Marquis of Lansdowne) entertained a hope that they would readily avail themselves of it; and is particular, the owners of entailed estates , because he believed it wou ld to improved cultivation of the land. With respect to the intimidation of which the noble lord had spoken, although it was difficult to prevent it, great preerees had been made in putting a stop to it; and with respect to the worst intimi dation of all, that, namely, of preventing the works from bine carried on by the most deserving persons, and in the most efficient manner, it had, owing to the vigour of the go vernment and the officers employed by them, at last been put down. The works were now carried on in the most peaceable and effectual manner. PORTUGAL. Lord BEAUMONT said, that in rising to put the ques tion of which be had given notice, respecting the conduct of the Portuguese government towards the prisoners who had surrendered themselves at Torres Vedras, he wished to guard against any inference being drawn therefrom that he desired this country should interfere in the domestic concerns of any other. except under the obligations of a treaty, or where British iateresta were involved. But the circumstances which he was going to relate would prove that the present case was one where their remaining passive was likely to increase the difficulties which surrounded the Portuguese question. The circumstances were these. A division under the command of Count Bomfin advanced to Torres Vedras, with the intent of moving upon Lisbon. The Marquis Sal denim, the Queen's general, pursued this division, and after a severe battle, which terminated in the seams of the Queen's forces, the division under Bomfin retired into the Castle of Torres Vedras. They were asked to surrender at discretion, and refused, but said if they were allowed all the honours of war they would do or. Sal danha agreed, and the terms of the surrender were drawn up in writing, and signed by him. The division in the castle surrendered accordingly, but, nevertheless, its Aim were marched to Lisbon, put on boiled a frigate in the Ta gus, where they were confined without the nacemeies life, with scanty clothing, anti the poorest demelptien of food. Some time back, in consequence of an idea theedes prisoners were going to escape, some forty or filty arms were pissed on board a small brig-of-war, and the Pieta /nese government came to the resolution to send *OM le Angola, one of the most unhealthy places on the cast of Africa. The manner in which these unfortunate wretches were to be, and in fact had been, conveyed was worse than that practised towards the Demme in slave-shier. Without trial or condemnation, these officers were thus conveyed away. And all this was done in the presence of the British fleet. Now he would show how their remaining perfectly passive in this ease might lead to dangerous consequences. Though their fleet was there for the protection of British interests, yet the officers in command of it would be only considered doing their dutr, in ease the accidents of wee bad been different, and Bomfin had been marching upon Lisbon, in covering the emharka tion of the Queen, and protecting her person from injury. If then they would protect the Queen from that danger to which she might have been exposed from the feelings excited against her in the country by the measures she had taken, he thought that steps should be taken to induce the Portu guese government to revoke the decree which they had passed, and to restore those persons to the position they ought to have been placed in, namely , prisoners of war. The question which he wished to ask was, whether any communications ' had been made on this subject to the government and whether any steps had been taken by this government to en deavour to reverse the decision come to by the Portuguese government relative to these prisoners? The Marquis of LANSDOWNE said the subject of the noble lord's question was one of considerable importance, antlone to which he was most desirous, and he trusted able to give him and the house a satisfactory answer. Before giving that answer, however, he could only express that re gret which he felt in common with the noble lord and the house, that the country to which he had alluded should be in a state to give rise to transactions to which the noble lord had so pointedly and not improperly adierted. He deeply regretted the state of things in that country, but their lordships knew that in the course of last year an insur rection broke out in Portugal, which had latterly assumed the chareeler of a civil war, and in the course of such a war teemellos weld perpetually occur from the excitment whirl peedelled between political factions exceeding the limHa viii nodose prescribed to themselves in their ordi nary essemb. It was certainly true that a body of pawns having hem him with arms in their hands were made gaimeei, am the sale condition that they should be treated Ilia el ebelmmenes of war, notwithstanding which a nuns i - ler of *sea, inelefing ihe principal officers, had been pined on board a omen bet la the bay of Lisboa and trans ported to the Caere OMAN, miry of them being wounded, sick, and not in a gemilkis• to undergo with safety rack a transportation. Ikunemehations to that effect were made by the captain awl magma of the brig, unon which great reemtramet was expelled as to the conduct of those persons. This event oesolei daring the period which ei between the demean ot Lord Howard and the andvroi Sir George earairst. tut the British representative, in the absence of the esalasseder, made a representation on the m act to similar rms tbegovernasent ; and the Beta Freest min vparaliy, mad he hard those eves now, might tree be IMMO their effect. Tertogett ai l liak tesea the inclination' is mew gad iliehearauce, which he weelsollt minus to (mime Buil it th• hearts of her owl like king, that = sees =astimable course hia a t Ilue jeleeeele mew age le sent to • alimage me l• fide beet& la *Yee le the sceenelea he anat alsal the tiaabla Partari bat losim. as puma bal otablaisil le the paidassat at ; sag that vas MI mesa why be hard Ibit, upon far ther aralimailta. tie amatmal wadi a• stated ' and be wall any ail, that Ina ware the remit, It woa d be a Imes of the prime seildbelie r to himself and the rest of bar Majority's govesemest. , hear.) It was true that they had met • emidemakto to the coast a Portugal le eve is the Stet fritereee. to British residents ; arl when Sat had beat allbstaa, if that force was skis to give sip pass In damply of their life, it would le meet Isism, M asew lees.) But above all hi Ile eveatiMpowsa end auth o rity of the Queen brig =l, lay a that refuge and protection would be ex le lir . There, however, their duty would mad—dlny interfere in any way in the comsat— a • they eseld do being to offer friendly advice and 01111111144 which bed already been done in a spirit of . he long as the cootest lasted with the character of a war, which it hod now assumed, it would not be the of th=rnment to interfere, nor wo u ld skein be, under any treaty, • justification for so doing. (Rear, hear.) But eireurostutan might MOWN a different character ; and in the event of the pr.— of Dan rallt a rigi IleiellikE 11 fair west dilbitatalaresar ; and in the event of dm prima* of bin agistreat sew: What had ta earlier was. whether the on are thus claire& :—ln uuter tpo , 10 5 1, Miguel with • party acting for the purpom er Ideals Mae. the • the How , a state of things might arias worm. Whet bat ii whatnot 2,386,3T —lo 1845, 1,2 9 0 iin 1846 . 1 , 613 . =il i r (p o p. IN another portion of ota columns will be found a provides e timber or other materials for building, las on earn ion 01 apiroo. ...... ... -- ii • whisk would lied to lea " ?H s went oat wilt his *meter 1,973,791 .—ln 1846, 2,033 ;in 1848, 3,160. Connaught Irish village, u seen by one of our naval officers the tenant will have no claim for any such improve- be levied under the Customs' Duties Bill on hoolFairi the tto consider - law far they might == =all lb ties isarseed, if met mapped asander, (pop. 1,418,869.- 1n 1845, 2,254 ;in 1846, 2,710. Munster simple and an awful letter, describing the state of an or finds the tiles or stones for draining, and so for th . I therefore, that the different rates of duty props I treaties by abasishig any longer hem to bb Iwo *Medi *5l woe Ed tiko weelt fr ol ti l WV. 2,396,161 ). — In 1845, 2,627 ;in 1846, 4,907. This . (Hier, .) These dremnatances, however Indust rim dimmed in the oyes of ths @moonily, whited a pawls dated Feb. 6, 1847. employed upon the neighbouring station. The vil- ments under the act. colonial spirits in England and Ireland is strikiesey that the diallers —ha halal they 'maid not air—and ho tasted vies Ism speak Whirs or a Medea who fire ese has, each loge of Scholl is not a solitary instance, but a fair The second clause provides that the tenant shall near the mark, we are convinced ill too little to HAMM lid the mad waahl oda id tientiseted• (Meer, ) beim dist kis diartios waa a stela ea biegoom wh e t CITY op WRoTIIINSTRR LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, example of what is taking place all round the west have no claim to compensation for draining or irriga- to be made in Scotland -- , pla ce • Tim ZIA at ASZILDW did net gate Ildhlretsed hem mile wadi employ him, or what poem weak wk. him Axi, MicgAN , Cle lIMITtnIOII.—Kr. J. Russell (formerly and sou th coast of Ireland. But for this letter, and tion done during the last five years of his term. except diat'ller on a footing of equality wi th his its nada samials the asters of the rspresesterioes veld* MU Ws fetidly ? The character that he bras with him was of Covent-garden and Drwriams) road Shakespeare's ‘ for Commander CAFFIN'iI visit, who would have heard under special contract ; =lege he shall furnish to the competitors fimfin it was, as doubt, the dean of ovary ciao that of & convicted felon Just come *ass pal. Was tragedy of "Othello" to a awy mumarmis ameting of the of . hull And to themilhadim of war, sad se far &Sparse* sad It than to be wondered that he refereed to his =Wren of this institution last might. He &Isla devoted ''''""" ' yet it is a charnel-house worse than landlord a statement in writing of the plan and the is unable to a llawam ma" be ehredfd, there mold be No old laths i Brea if the gaol san d e d Y in 4 ,.. g a, b , th . mo t ee t as eekea glegiasis of the /4/,,- anything we read of in BOCCACCIO or DEFOE, the estimated cost of the work, and the landlord shall " ItT , 7 to show one's teeth when one Nietargarame t bet tok it mutest days easede. him he indwell . ' into a relapse. Mr. HA tits Moor sa da yzo i The arlakiag boot wee gide Irak a deed and dying huddled together in all stages ; famine, agree in writing to each plan. What can be the ob- bite," is a g ood rule, in obedience to which members Zihrilialera 50 ,... 1 ...i 1ai5e1i iniedirs .4. lo tad . k wi11i fi 1b5 .,.......,... n. 1 5 e,,,... 1ar' ..r.. itt L l. S . ht , theie both ild _dodo thet,___,_ ,_. ale, sadism. -_Io tho_.___jedo'oa limes, the despair, inanition , putrefactim—a concentration of ject of this restriction ? Is it framed upon the notion ran away last night from Mr. liume's threatened phi- ---- — ---' ----•— "—"'" as sasaawy '''... ''",""'". ` mime . ••• 1.• sassing "um" "t logo m all these ' incrediblehorrors, hitherto con fi ned to distant that draining is to be estimated u extending over ! lippic against Russia. Perhaps, too, it :was thought WPM*, h be a vsmisneurens sin sod liable to Ills, sad wins Asa dl stet prise of WOW& be dews kiwi as is his IPA &al .sousived ti mes only, and to protec ti ng landlords f rom ' that a vote, tatting from her stipulation to pest eliesesn. Mew , ben' .) It mien ba .14 to the meat, been= fir miner, vb. he let Wm, was we b mid giv lines . hibligeOsse it was a ditelirsiad imp -re and region s, but now t a ki ng p l ace at o a r doors, seven y ears than I the ind epen d e n ce o f Belgium, and Mat of the Pettugaiss, met ki Os wises Otasnd. ware, 'The egg thing Ant menu be demo wee to WWI. Shy joitilig. amidst our own race, onr own Dretarm, within not ever paying for more two years ?As protect respect am, 4 4 I 111 THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 19, 1847. sloes which had lately taken place in that country, very little sanguinary disposition had been manifested—a favourable contrast to the people of a neighbouring nation in the peninsula, where they had seen v deem and bloodshed committed by all parties. (Hear, hear.) There was another reason why the government should be particularly neutrons 1 of any interference at present. Ile knew not for what res. son, but the belief was general in Portugal that the cause of the insurrection possessed the good wishes of her Britannia Majesty's government. He did not believe this te be the 1 case, but such so opinion prevailed in Portugal, and it was I therefore incumbent on the government to be cautious to avoid any step which should confirm such a belief. (Hear, hear.) He did not know for what precise object so large a force was retained in the Tagus; the protection of British residents and of the person of the Queen were most legiti mate objects, but the force there was sufficient to overcome, the whole kingdom, and the presence of such • force might contribute to support the opinion in Portugal to which he had before referred This country had ta'.en an active part in placing the Queen of Portugal on her throne—probably, a more active part than they were justified in taking—bet having established the closest friendship eid intimacy with that government, he thought we might allied • moral sup port to it instead of being supposed to foster and npprove of an insurrection, one part of which was dip eted to a repubiht and the other to the restoration of deep Itiaal ; neither of those objects could we support without dm iating from nen- trality which we had professed to adopt—we might, how ever, take care that the opinion of the government of this I country might be known without any mistake in Portugal, as giving its support to the government. (Hear ) The Marquis of LA.NSDOWNE had said that it was the most anxious wish of the government that the Queen of Portugal should be maintained on her throne—(hear) —and he knew of no act which had been done by the government of this country calculated to produce a contrary opinion-- he defied any person to produce evidence of such an act. (Cheers.) In • civil war great dissatiafaction would be ex pressed on either side, if it was thought, by any accidental circumstance, that there bad been a greater leaning to one side than to the other, and no doubt rumours—false rumours —had prevailed in Portugal, but not on one side only, for representations had been made from Oporto, that the Bri. tish governmeat was interfering on the part of the Queen. (Hear, and a laugh.) He did not wish to exprws any opinion as to the dissensions in Portugal. but this he would say, that the only insteuctions which had been given to the admiral, minister', or envoy sent to that country, were to preserve a perfect neutrality ; and, if there had been any in terference, it was merely the tendering of friendly counsel in favour of the Queen's cause, and not with the view of giving any countenance—direct or indirect—to the insurrection. (Haar, hear.) It hod been thought desirable that the interests of England should be protec'ed by the presence , of a larger force than might be likely to be sent by any other power—(hear, hear)—but the command had been entrusted to one of the most able and talented officers in the navy— (hear, hear)—to one who was remarkable for the judgment, discretion, and care with which he had in various quarters of the globe performed the most arduous and important duties—(hear, hear)—and he (the Marquis of Lansdowne) could not believe that a person instructed, as that officer had been, to observe the most perfect impartiality, had deviated from the instructions which had been given him, namely, not to interfere in the civil contests of Oil country, with but one exception, which he had before noticed, and which had not yet occurred. (Hear, hear.) He hoped the contest would be brought to a speedy terminati . n, and that the re sult would be to make her Majesty more secure on the throne of Portugal. (Hear, hear) The Earl of ELLENBOROUGH did not think the course which ker Majesty had pursued had been very constitutional in imprisoning her outgoing minister—( hear, hear)—and he might the more especially be perraittel to say so, inasmuch as he had just been dismissed from office himself. (Much laughter.) On the subject before the house he would only say, that all representations to the Portuguese government would be a mere fame, if it was not intimated that there was a measure behind which was to be adopted in the event of their not being attended to. If it was understood we merely desired that these unfortunate gentlemen should not suffer death under torture on the coast of Africa, such representations would not be attended to ; but if it was understood that in the event of their being in effectual Sir Wm. Parker would be ordered to leave the Tagus, the result would be very different. (Hear, hear.) As to our squadron protecting the Queen of Portugal, there could be no doubt that but for its presence her Majesty would have met Don Miguel in London before this, (hear, and laughter) ; and if it was now withdrawn the conquering army would at once march on the capital. (Hear, hear.) Lord BROUGHAM said if ever there was • non sequitur it was this : that any body should suppose the presence of our squadron in the Tagus to protect the Queen would favour the insurgents. (A laugh.) AMENDMENT OF THE CRIMINAL LAW. Lord BROUGHAM, in presenting the petition from Li verpool, en the subject of the amendment of the criminal law, said he had taken some trouble to make himself ac quainted with the subject, both in this end other countries. The magistrates of Liverpool presented their petition to their lordships its the administrator' of the law ; they came te their lordships to complain of some things which came to their knowledge as magistrates, and which their lordship' would not feel it easy to credit; but if they were allowed to remain unaltered any longer, the consequences could hardly be foreseen. The petitioners stated that in the population of Liverpool, amounting to 300,000 inhabitants, there had been committed for triA, during tho last seven years, in round numbers, 51,000 persons, one-tenth of whom, or about 5,500, bad been offenders under seventeen years of age, and no lees than onefilth of the whole 51,000 had been committed five time on an average during those years. The petitioners, the magistrates of Liverpool, who were really entitled to the thanks of their lordships for the valuable document which he held in his hand, had exemintd fourteen juvenile cases, taken indiscriminately from this fifth part, comprising the 10,000 offenders ; and it appeared that these fourteen young persons had on an average been apprehended each fifteen times, and had on the average been committed and taken their trials nine times, being generally convicted. (Hear, hear.) He would 'Miele out three of the cases : the first was that of a boy twelve years old, who could neither read nor write. The first tine of his commitment was in September, 1838, and the last in January, 1842, and dories that period of three year' and feur months he had bees apprehended sixteen times and committed to take his trial nine times, the sentences having been various terms at imprisonment in the common gaol, and ultimately the boy being only twelve years old, was traurported for ten years. The next case was that of a boy ten years ad, who had been fourteen times apprehended, eleven times tried and convicted, and ultimately was sentenced to 'even years' transportation; and thelast ease was that of a boy 9 years old, who could neither read nor write, and who, it appeared, had in two years been apprehended 16 times for felonies of different kinds, and convicted four times: that unfortunate child, also, was finally, at the age of 9 years, sentenced to 7 year,' transportation. These were melan choly bat powerful and convincing proofs of the utter ineffi ciency of the present system of prison discipline in • reformatory point of view, and these poor creatures were, in fact, the victims of the law. (Hear.) These facts showed them the necessary inefficacy of the present criminal law to repress crime or to reform the of fender. The magistrates showed them, from their financial books, that 8891. had been expended in dealing with these 14 offenders ; and, in ordinary caste, that amount would have been increased to half as much more. The magistrates asked them, was it not now high time to begin to reconsider the matter, and to ask one another whether they hod or had not all along been proceeding in the wrong path, and whether it was to punishment they were ever to trust? and whether it was to the fears of men they were always to appeal, in order to prevent them from committing offences . When they talked of young boys of 12, 10, and 9 year' of age being convicted of fey, were they dealing right with them in only appealing to their fears, and never once looking to their wishes or their hopes ? Now he would leave generalities and go into details. What he wished was, that their lordships should accede to the prayer of the petition, and institute an immediate inquiry into this matter, and see whether no better remedy could be substituted for the present ; punish ment had been already tried, the nature of which he would state. When they caught a supposed criminal, they east him into prison • they then tried, convicted, sentenced, and punished him, either by trans portation or imprisonment with or without hard labour, either solitary or otherwise, capital punishment being now nearly extinct. He was no friend te teneepotation. One eldeedon was, that it was anything bateseeenbal, an lintinet to the ealsoies where the conyiele won seat; but i a =**elm was, that it did not toratry, did not mei, est ennere le bad fa the meet ampere= abentle be meet alibi evideneesew hegira him Ova W vairintratee sally eamerases et oda timed feet tie" elf awed as to the milt el their sip-'ease that belebtemeat had the Iwo lona then trampertatisa. They seat ;NO esaliels renown le s sg oiliemente. and the eat et tisk tame paladin eel Stan la the halhe ineenatei to half a Wan ihrdllag. the seat of tre~lfe ewe sober la pima be two yeeelameanhed to 71p,1i Thendbre e if tramportation did ad IMMO the elbsder mire, tat, ca the swarm frightened Maim dra Inprieemanit, the brew wee Wier to hanielment se a paebinmeat sad his 'd eb.& It woad' arra ems to the meet te pm' la& AM the earabera el Jainea sogiar impo ater nt Waal lON 40111.1FMNIIII 4 silk iiik wimpy, in aleMilmnfee adass4 Oa thiellletef pediment to deter Ma eine at anlifar Swift lie INS Min that when it am woo amiler Welke he wield ematinit a aim bosh dlll i A i = whet weal& he the se bet tint the entire Ma exe".Tcrelee ante e mgia ss br i a , i r dabg er his eyes to danger etest.Then It remind for ebunile lira ears, if ing =rid Mm ead be deleating Mises MB grime, not to; make themeibenellherseeibed weteollhan they found them, and that thy ebeedi aell leave 00.11016 worse that when f E stradrui thy woe II una the henain duty of the state tattle II illsaibiliale If needhle. To ralirlia laa er iplemims wm a Figeollnill "" to etilliftwelt- wheel.- his habits, to cheap mode of thinking, and make him a conscientious' romettingi and well-thinking person, so that he Should heperfutly certain that he should be fora long time tut 'eff fr•m hie former essoeiations; for if he was to know that he was to be out in a fe w weelm be would be content to suffer for a time, knowing that he would he soon out, and the he would be all right. But all would not be right; for, instead of being , bettered by imprisonment, he would Ti turn to his former vicious practices. Now, this led them to consider how they could make punishment reforma tory, and how they could prevent him, iirheu he was turned loose on the world, from falling into his former course. lie was happy to Hy. for the honour of Germany, that, in the neighbourhood of Hamburg, there existed RR establishment for the last ten years for the reformation of offenders. The French, too, were not above imitating their foreign example, for they had founded a similar establishment in the neigh bourhood of Tours. The results of both experiments were as satisfactory as they could possibly be. He had greatpride in saying that it was in Warwickshire that the principle was originally established, for there an institution of the land existed for the last twenty eight years. The results of the experiments in the three were equally beneficial. The sstablisbment near Tours was founded in 1839, since which time 521 boys were received. None but male convicts ander sixteen years of age were taken. They were not in actual confinement, but if a boy misbehaved himself he was sent back to prison. The fear of being sent back was con stantly kept over their heads. They were distributed in families, each consisting of a master, two assistants, and forty convicts. Each master was an officer of the establishment, a humane person, chosen for his good temper, but of pre bend chsracter. The muter, were called fathers, and their nenstants brethren, and the latter were chosen front the te ibemed criminals, and in no instance whatever had such a choice fallen on an unworthy person. They were all taught some useful branch of industry, generally either agriculture or gardening. They were instructed in military exercises and gymnastics. They were addressed as one body by the head of the establ i shment on the subject of religion and morality, and they all attended religious wcrship together. Their food and clothing were simple, and they all slept in one dormitery, each in a separate cell, and always under the supervision of a muter. Since the year 1839 only 17 had arc, and only 12 had been sent beck to prison. 144 bed bum sent out m various situations, and the remainder were still there. Out of these 144, 7 had relapsed, and 9 were ef • doubtful character. Of the 14 that had been sent back to prison, there was not one who was not convicted of felony seven times since. In consequence of the success of this establishment which was founded by a grant, and had been in the main supported by private benevolence and the labour of the convicts, twelve others had been founded throughout France. It was hie national feeling that made him envy France in this respect much more than he envied her Algerian glories or Spanish marriages, and far more than he envied the glories of Napoleon. With regard to the Spanish merriages, though he believed his noble friend (Lord Normanby) to be in the right, he hoped that all quarrelling about them, and all other such trifles, would be put an end to. (Cheers.) He did not care who was in the right. They should imitate the example set to them by France, which was the greatest step . that ever was made towards the amendment of the criminal law, He would now read a statement made by the Rev. Mr. Clay, the chap lain of the prison at Preston. He said that out of 1,050 criminals, 562 were utterly unable to read, and 226 to write ; thus out of that number 788 were in total ignorance ; 614 did not know the names of the months ; 527 did not know the Queen's name though she had been reigning for 10 years --(Laughter)-490 were incapable of und ntanding the words virtue, Tice, guilt, and ran, though they knew what stealing, thieving, and picking pocketa meant; 62 could not count a hundred, 242 could read or write • little. Out of the whole 1,050, only 20 had anything at all like education. Those who could read would be better if they did not know how, for they read nothing but those vile and filthy pro ductions which degraded the press of this country and the press of Paris. They should alter their criminal law as machinery increased in this country for though machinery in the end would prove beneficial both to the manufacturer and the labourer, yet there was an interval during which the latter would be thrown out of employment, which led to the commission of crime, in a great many instances. That was an urgent reason why they should more diligently per form their duty, and should see that the criminal law was made effectual in deterring persons from offending, and reforming offenders. With these news, he deemed it his duty to bring before their lordships this important question ; and if they agreed with him and the petitioners in thinking that the time was come when they should no longer delay in applying themselves to the amend ment of the criminal law, particularly as regarded gaol dis cipline and its reformatory character, then he should be pre pared at an early day to propose that a committee be ap pointed to take this important subject into consideration. The Duke of RICHMOND roes to state that he concurred with his noble friend in thinking that the magistrates of Liverpool were entitled to the thanks of this house for bringing the matter forward. Nothing was more serious in this country than the increase of juvenile crime. Prison discipline might do much ; but other things were required. At present, very young child ren were committed for thefts, to which they had, perhaps. been prompted by their parents. They were at once branded with felony, from which stigma they could never escape. Ile thought en extensive inquiry ought to be instituted into the subject, in order to convince the public that it was possible to reform prisoners, for this was very generally doubted at pre sent. While not distrusting the results which his noble and learned friend had stated with reference to the Mettray in stitution, he should like to know whether the cuss there had been taken as they occurred, or a selection had been made ? A most distressing case had remedy occurred in this country : a man. after being twelve months in Penton ville prison, became thoroughly reformed. He obtained a situation on a railway; after six months of good conduct his wages were increased, when some busy-body informed the directorsthat he had formerly been convicted of felony, and he was immediately discharged. (Hear, hear.) This proved the scepticism of the public as to the possibility of reforming offenders. It was desirable that the system pursued at Park hurst, to which his noble and learned friend had not alluded, should be taken into consideration. From his own experience at the quarter sessions for Swan, he found that nothing produced such terror in the minds of prisoners as the sentence of transportation. If an inquiry were set on foot, he trusted it would not be confined to the one subject ef juvenile offenders, but would embrace the whole question of prison discipline and criminal punishment. Earl GREY expressed his sense of the importance of the subject, and said that, some days ado, he had presented to the house papers, which would be printed immediately, and which would show that the government had given much attention to the matter. They had taken many of the views with regard to juvenile offenders which his noble and learned friend had expressed ; and a bill would shortly be introduced into the other house for effecting many desirable reforms in prison discipline. Lord BROUGHAM : Why not introduce it here ? Earl GREY said it was more immediately under the care of his right hon. friend the Secretary for the Home Depart ment. The great difficulty at present was that offenders could not Ile placed in any reformatory institution without a remission of their sentence ; and then, in the event of misconduct, they could not be sent back to prison as a punishment. To remedy this would be a main object of the intended bill, by which also a reformatory school would be established in London. The system of transportation bad been folly considered, and it was in contemplation to adopt measures which would have the effect of almost putting an end to that punishment. In the papers which had beenproduced on the subject, the evils of that system were fully detailed ; but as their lordships had not yet the papers before them, he would refrain at prevent from entering into further details of the proposed measure. Lord BROUGHAM said he had intended, beenfe sitting down, to speak favourably of the system recommended Capt. Maconoehie, which was one of much ingenuity. It proceeded on the principle of shortening the imprisonment in proportion to the good behaviour of the convicts. The course which had been adopted at Birmingham by his learned, friend the recorder (Mr. M. D. Hill) had been most bene ficial. When any juvenile offenders were brought before him, he caused their guardians orparents to be sent for, from whom be required an undertakteg for the care and good management of the young offenders. Their lordships Attuned at half-pest seven o'clock. HOUSE OF COMMONS.—THURSDAY, FEB. 18. There being only 27 members present at 4 o'clock, the house stood adjourned until this day. The following is a list of the hon. member present :—Mr. Barnard, Dr Bernina, Mr. Brotherton, Capt. Corry, Mr. 8. Crawford, Mr. B. Eseott, Mr. O. Pinch, Mr. Forster, Mr. Greene, Mr. Grimsditeh, Sir A. Leith Ray, Sir John Elope, Sir R. Inglis, Major Layer& Capt. J. Lindsay, Major Mae samara, Mr. M. Mimes , Mr. Mentz, Sir Charles Napier, Mr. Cornelius O'Brien, Mr. W. Patten, Mr. Plumptn, Lord Bandon, Mr. Spooner, Mr. Staadield, Mr. R. Trevor, and Mr. Thornely. PARLIAMENTARY PAPERS. Dory ox WH/lAT.—From a return delivered with the votes it appears that between the sth of July, 1846, and 19th January, 1847, there was duty paid : on foreign wheat, to the amount of 68,3451. ; foreign wheat meal or flour, of 46,6191, • wheat front British possessions, of 3,7141. ; flour from dit to, of 14,310/. ;in all, 132,9881. OVTILIONO IN laatuen.—This paper gives the number and description of outrages specially reported by the con stabulary in 1845.6. They are thus divided :—Clus 1. Offences against the person.—ln 1845, 1,693 ;in 1846, 1,923. —Clam 2. Offences against the public peace.-1845, 4,64,5 ; 1846, 4,766.—C1a5s 3. Offences against y.-1845, 1,789 ; 1846, 5,670. Other off enees.-1 , • 1846, 21. T 4614.-1846, 8,104 ; 1846, 12,380. The number of out rages increased enormously at the close of 1846. During the first three months of the latter year they amounted to 2,516 ; whereas, during the last three months, they amounted to 5,911. During the corresponding period of 1845 there were only 1,771. It is remarkable that the agrarian outrages were fewer in 1846 than in 1845. The numbers stand, for the former year, 1,920 ; for the latter, 1,303. The localities of the entrain are thus divided Ulster (population, 1841, ,373 13 Leinster 731 1,418,8591 249648' 7= he "4' pregg. MAILS. The overbill , ' mails for Gibraltar, Melte, Greece, the lonian islands, Aden, Ceylon, India, Hong-Kong, and China, rio Southampton, made up on the morning lithe bith of Pelirnary. The overland domed malls, ma Mao nines, to the Mediterranean, Egypt, Aden C=et ry la, Hoeg Kong, an, will be made up on the evening The malls for Ingo, OiLt il Lisban, Madeira. Cadiz, and Gibraltar, will be made tip on the of the 27th February. The mails for New South aka, Van Land, and Now Zealand will be made up on the evening of the Ist March. The West India mail, Including those for Iderieo, Honduras, and the Haventish, will be made up on the morning of the 2nd March. The mails for Bedell North Americo, Bermuda. and the United I Mates, will be made up on the evening of the frd March. The mails for the Bauxite, the River Plate, Monte Video, Pernam buco, Rabin, Madeira, and Buenos Ayres, will be made up on the evening of the 4th March. TO CORRESPONDENTS. The Advert/dm Ofdoes of the " DAILY NEWS" and " EXPRESS " hare been REMOVED from 90, FLEET-STREET, to No. 10, PAIUVERMSTIMZET, FLEET-STREET, contiguous to the Printing 1001;;. - We cannot MY% Is any way, any 0001 SO ordeal:Sou that In 'Mt W OS 6=a4j Yet *OW who eboare to widener on in confidence wW sollbore mama-teat. NEITHER CAN WE UNDERTAKE TO immix ANT MANUSCRIPTS WHATEVER. •.• blverdasarobr Wei br The Ewe" London evening paper, mint bit at be Case by Tom Alai on the day of publication. HIGH WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE. Tun DAT—Mord:4, 41 Ilia past 4 ; Alterno" 3 min. put 5. 14 via. past ; Alterman, 47 min. put 5. LONDON, FRIDAY, FEB. 19. IN the House of Lords, yesterday, on the bringing up the report on the Destitute Persons (Ireland) Bill, the Earl of ELLEN BOROUGH observed upon the inti midation and jobbing which had taken place under the Labour Rate Act, a subject which he viewed with greater alarm than the potato disease, and thought that the effect of the present bill, taken by itself, would be to give food, paid for by the hard earnings of the people of England, to the poor of Ireland without exacting labour in return. The Mar quis of LANSDOWNE reminded the noble earl that it was not just to consider this bill apart from other measures now in progress elsewhere. As regarded intimidation, and that worst intimidation of all, the preventing public works being carried on by the most deserving, it had been most successfully put down. An interesting discussion on foreign policy fol lowed, arising out of a question put by, and a speech from, Lord BEAUMONT, the ques tion being, whether any steps had been taken by her Majesty's ministers with a view to the obtain ing of a reversal of the decision at which the Portu guese government had arrived with respect to certain individuals who had surrendered themselves prisoners of war on the occasion of the late battle at Torres Vedrsa, to the Queen's troops. The Marquis of LANSDOWNE informed the noble lord that the case of the individuals in question had been made matter of representation to the Portuguese govern ment, and he earnestly hoped the result would be, that the punishment to which they had been doomed, that of transportation to Africa, would be commuted. The policy of the British government was non-inter ference as regarded the civil war in Portugal, bat a different state of circumstances might arise if an attempt were made to place Dom Miguel on the throne. The Earl of ABERDEEN cautioned her Majesty's mi nisters against interfering with the course which the Portuguese government might think it recessary to pursue at the present juncture, and to avoid any step calculated to sanction the belief that the cause of the insurrectionists was viewed by them with approba tion. After some explanatory observations from the Marquis of LANSDOWNE, the Earl of ELLENBOROCGH observed, that but for the presence of the British squadron in the Tagus, the Queen of Portugal would have met Dom Miguel in London ere this. Lord BROUGHAM, in presenting a petition from the mayor and magistrates of Liverpool, praying for the amend ment of the criminal law, entered into a detailed statement of the statistics of crime and punish. ment, as derived from the petition, in that town for the last seven years, making particular reference to the cases of juvenile offenders, and con cluding his observations by stating, that if their lord ships should concur in opinion with him and the pe titioners, that the time had arrived for the amend ment of the criminal law, as regarded gaol discipline and its reformatory character, he should be prepared at an early day to move for the appointment of a committee on this important subject The Duke of RICHMOND considered the magistrates of Liverpool deserving of the thanks of their lordships for bring ing the matter under their notice, and he did hope if an inquiry were instituted its object would not be limited to juvenile offenders only, but would embrace the other questions of prison discipline and criminal punishments generally. Earl GREY intimated that • bill would shortly be introduced by the Home Secre tary, with a view to effecting reforms of an important character in prison discipline ; and as regarded trans portation, the subject had been fully considered, the result arrived at being, that it was desirable to put An end almost to that description of punishment alto gether. In the House of Commons, there being only twenty seven members present at 4 o'clock, the house neces sarily stood adjourned until this day. many hours' sail of this wealthy, this abundant, this I self-gorged capital. Truly, when one thinks of the painful sympathies, the universal and excited Christian feeling,the over flowing charity which animates all classes of Eng lishmen, the wonder is, that numbers of the wealthy have not taken op_ their staffs like those Quaker envoys of mercy, Mr. FOSTER and his companions, and proceeded to survey and to relieve suffering., from which cur age was deemed exempt It is fearful to think that the most horrible state of national destitu tion, this decimation of a whole people, has taken place, or is taking place, by the side of the wealthiest, the best nurtured, the most richly provided nation under the sun. Some one has said that providence delights in contrasts; but this is too horrible. It is one that strikes us with shame, that will strike us with disgrace, and that, if tolerated and unrelieved, cannot prove other than a curse. We are talking of railways; we are discussing the value of different kinds of future improvements; we are shirking the burden and throwing it upon Irish landlords, and Irish landlords perhaps upon us. And here is a district, where there are not six land lords, and who are probably powerless and poor—a strip of shore, on which a population has sprung up on sea-weed and potatoes—a population that our laws or our neglect has suffered to shoot up like the mushroom, and which we are now suffering like the mushroom to be trodden out. The thought is intolerable, impossible. Can the beings, the society of this great metropolis, feed, sleep, or smile, while such scenes of famine as that of Schull exist in a thousand places, uncared for? How is it, that life runs in its usual channels, that gaiety and business roll unchecked, that no trumpet tongue tells us of these dreadful things, that the pulpits are silent, that the press itself doth but half wrangle, half-jest about Irish ill? Truly, such a letter as that respecting Schull ought to awaken us to a more full and Christian sense of the horrors of Irish famine. Government ought to be empowered, encouraged, or, if need be, compelled, not to stay totting up the items of a budget, and higgling for pounds when the economy is paid in the life of starving wretches; and what government cannot do, the generous and continued impulse of the English people ought to do, in providing, out of comparative prosperity and abundance, for destitu tion horrible in the extreme, and, on the part of the poor sufferers, so unprovoked and undeserved. A bill for the " improvement of agricultural tenant right in England and Wales" has just been brought into the House of Commons, which goes far to realise the notions of the farmers who have most actively discussed this subject. Mr. PUSEY'S measure is so reasonable, so obviously beneficial to both land lords and tenants, and steers so clear of all inter ference with individual contracts, that we cannot imagine it will encounter any serious obstacle in either of the houses of parliament. That a measure thus free from points of conflict with the established prejudices and rooted evil habits, abounding in our rural system will have a very important influence on the advancement of agriculture, is not to be ex pected. On the contrary, we are by no means sure that this legislative right to receive payment for certain improvements in husbandry may not, to some extent withdraw the attention of the yeomanry of England from the far more essential question of leases. For, as we on several occasions remarked, no tenant-right, whether general or special, can be a substitute in its effect upon agriculture for the de fined and certain security afforded by a lease. We rejoice, however, at th e pro of the measure, and heartily desire to see it into a law, for two reasons: first, because it will prove to the farmers how completely illusory is the reliance on tenant right; secondly, because it really will meet a subor dinate practical evil incident to the present state et the law, which regulates the outgoing and incoming of farming tenants. The comparative inefficacy at tenant-right will appear on the perusal of the sum mary we shall presently offer of the present bill, which is framed in a very fair and even-handed spirit, though there are some points ou which it may be use fully altered in committee. The subordinate evil for which it will supply:some, if not a complete, remedy, is this;—and it is, in this respect, applicable rather to terms of years than to yearly tenancies. During the last few years of a term, farmers are apt to imagine it essential to their own interests, to endeavour to take out of the land some of the fertility, which tolerably good farming in 1 the earlier years of the term may have bestowed. This is sought to be accomplished by growing as much grain as possible, with as little es possible of manure or high cultivation to the fallow crops, not supposed to be of themselves profitable. Ar tificial manures are discontinued, or if not disconti nued, applied almost exclusively to the grain crops. The feeding of stock is curtailed; manure is lessened in quantity, and lowered in quality ; and, at the termination of the lease, though the letter of restrain ing covenants may have been strictly observed, the landlord or his succeeding tenant finds the farm given up in a condition of considerable exhaustion. We very much doubt whether the outgoing tenant will have bad much benefit from this coarse of quitting; bat there can be no doubt that the next tenant comes in, in consequence, under very great disadvantages. Indeed, it is by no means an uncommon occurrence for a new tenant to hold his farm for the first year nearly or quite rent-free, es a compensation for the want of condition in which he finds the farm. Now the object of tenant right is, that tenants shall farm well up to the last hour of their terms, and shall then be entitled to claim from the proprietor or his next tenant payment in respect of those acts of good husbandry, in the bill before us called " temporary improvements," of which from the termination of their leases the outgoing tenants do not otherwise receive the benefit. The preamble of the bill states that "it is expe dient for the better security of farmers in the improvement of land, and for the consequent increase of the produce therefrom, as well as of employ ment for farm-labourers, to enlarge and extend the custom of tenant right in accordance with the modern advance of husbandry." The purpose, therefore, is to adapt to the present state of agriculture the ruder, uncertain, and varying tenant rights which prevail in different districts under the name of " custom of the country." It is to be observed, however, that these " customs " remain untouched, the proposed tenant rights being additional. The bill then proposes to enact compensation to the out-going tenant for the usual outlays. There is one remarkable omission in this clause, namely, that the artificial food given to cattle only is to be allowed for, while that given to sheep and pigs is excluded. The exclusion of pigs is not, perhaps, of much importance, but to exclude the improvement made by the artificial feeding of sheep is practically to ghat out some of the most important improvements in modern farming. There are far mers in many districts who expend more than 1001. a week for many months in the year in the purchase of corn and other artificial food for sheep. It has been said that from feeding sheep the farmer obtains a certain and direct profit, and that therefore he has no claim for compensation. But that is a fallacy. Payment is not to be made by reason of the more or less of the farmer's profits, but for the fertilising properties which his husbandry has left in the soil. Now sheep artificially fed increase fertility at least as much as cattle; and they form, as we have heard it expressed, "the farmer's right arm." We trust, therefore, that Mr. POKEY will in committee add the word sheep bums diately after cattle in this clause. The mode by which the bill proposes to estimate the compensation is est forth with exceptions of expenses incurred "in the ordinary course of good and clean husbandry," or in pursuance of special contract, or " of which the land lord and tenant shall have agreed to share the ex pense;" and these things are not to be deemed im provements within the act. The last exception will go far to deprive tenants of any claim to moat per manent improvements. Thus, where the landlord provides the timber or other materials for building, or finds the tiles or stones for draining, and so forth, the tenant will have no claim for any such improve ments under the act. The second clause provides that the tenant shall have no claim to compensation for draining or irriga .... to landlords consenting in writing to any plan oe improvement proposed by the tenants, that, as general rule, is out of the question. Farmers know! how shy the gentry are of written engagements: with their tenants, except where the tenants are to be placed under special restrictions. So, buildings, road-making, and fencing are not to be done withal* such statement and estimate by the tenant, and written consent by the landlord. But where the. tenant has erected buildings without the landlord's consent, for which, on the determination of the tenancy, the landlord shall decline to make com pensation, the tenant may remove them, and for that purpose is to be entitled to a right of entry on th e farm for three months after the determination of la ....ancy. This is a awful provision, for the power of removal will generally induce the next tenant to take the buildings, should the landlord decline to do so. A landowner, whether entitled absolutely or foe limited interests, is empowered "to contract with his tenant beforehand as to the number of yews which shall be taken as full compensation under any or each head of claim ;" and such agreement shall be binding on the valuers and the owner of the farm for the time being, and that is subject to the proviso " that if any such special agreement be, in the opinion of the valuers, manifestly contrary to or illusory of the intent of the art, such agreement to be void?' No owner of a farm having a limited interest shall consent to more than one year's rent being charged at one time for buildings, except in the awe of unimproved land. Tenants are to be allowed for sums paid as tenant rights to former tenants as if effected by themselves. Such are the principal provisions of this bill, and independently of the advantages we before mentioned, they enable a life tenant of the estate to fix a charge upon the land for certain outlays, which in the absence of special powers cannot at present be done.. This teo is an unquestionable benefit to landlords ant tenants. On another occasion we shall show, from the discussions which have lately taken place amongt farmers, that whatever may be the utility of this measure, it will fall far short of providing for the requirements of modern farming. IN the remarks we have hitherto offered on the Customs Duties Bill, we have avoided any expression of a decided opinion as to the amounts of duty pro posed to be levied upon home and colonial spirits. Our object has been to affirm the principle of the measure of which that bill, the bill to promote distilla tion from sugar, and the bill to permit the use of sugar in breweries, are constituent parts; and, at the same time, to point out the suspicion to which the often loose and inconsistent statements of its op ponents rendered them liable. The bill having passed the ordeal of a second reading, and standing among the orders of the day for committal, the time has come for examining in detail the proportional amounts of duty which, in justice to all parties, ought to be imposed on the different classes of spirits., The principle which has bees affirmed by the House of Commons in allowing the Customs Duties Bill to be read a second time, we take to be the equalise. tion of the duties on home-made and colonial spirits. The duty on a gallon of proof home-made spirits ought to be as nearly as possible the same as the duty on a gallon of proqf colonial spirits. The accep tability of the one or of the other in the market ought to be left to depend upon the goodness of the spirit and the price at which it is offered, irrespective of the ingredient of taxation. The advantage enjoyed by the home distiller from his local position, and by the colonial from the greater cheapness of his material, (the malt duty being left out of account) each is fairly entitled to. Government has no right to tax either of them more or less lightly on account of natural advantages or disadvantages. The difficulty of applying this principle in practice arises in a great measure front the manner in which the duty on home-made spirits is levied, and also to some extent from the different rates of duty levied in each of the three countries of the United Kingdom. The duty on home made spirits is levied, partly upon the malt from which they are in whole or in part distilled, partly upon the spirit itself. In Scotland one half of the malt duty is returned to the distiller; in England and Ireland no such allowance is made. Spirits dia. tilled in Scotland (where the duty is 3s. Bd. per gall., and the duty on the malt used in distillation Is. 4d. per bushel), when entered for consumption in England, pay the English spirit duty (79.10 d. per gallon) ; when in Ireland, the Irish duty (2s. Bd. per gallon). What with dis tillers using nothing hat malt and distillers using little or no malt, and what with Scotch distillers ma nufacturing for home consumption or for English or Irish consumption, it is difficult to ascertain what is the amount of duty levied on a gallon of home-made spirits. The duty which places the colonial distiller on an equality with the home distiller from grain, may be a differential duty in his favour against the home distiller from malt; and the duty which places the colonial distiller on an equality with the latter may be a protective duty to the home distiller from grain. As nearly as we have been able to ascertain, the proportions of grain spirits and malt spirits duty paid for consumption in the United Kingdoms are the fol. lowing:— Enitiand. Scotland. Ireland. Total. ' Grain aplrita 9236,x06 1,072,811 7,022,617 16.433,52/ Malt Wok 9 076,151 6,411,011 7,605,199 23.04 5 0 8 Of the malt spirits duty paid for consumption in England, the greater part is distilled in Scotland fat the English market. Of those duty paid for con sumption in Ireland, the whole, we may say, is distilled in Scotland. In England very little, and in Ireland, we believe, no sp i irit s distilled from malt. The we dominating distillation in England and Irelanui from grain; in Scotland six-sevenths of the whole distillation is from malt. Keeping these facts view, we shall be able to form a tolerably cornet notion of the fairness of the rates proposed to be levied on colonial spirits in the three kingdoms. In England the duty on home-made spirits is is. 10d. per gallon : the duty to be laid on colonial spirits is Bs. 4d. An extensive and intelliont English distiller, whose letter we inserted some time ago, esti mates the addition that the malt duty makes to the cost price of a gallon of spirits at lid. The sixpesies of difference in the spirit duty offers a wide enough margin to cover excise restrictions, &c. In Ireland the duty on home-made spirits is 2s. Bd, per gallon ; the proposed duty on colonial epistle 3s. 2d. Here also the small quantity of malt lewd in distillation leads us to infer that a sufficient margin to left to compensate for the addition the malt dub and excise restrictions make to the suet price. In Scotland, the duty on ham mods spirits • 33. Bd. a gallon, the proposed duty on odoniol apitiY 4s. U. Bat in Scotland distillation Ikon ma lime the rule, not (as in England and Ireland) the exemple. In Scotland, therefore, the malt duty enters ow largely into the wet price of spirits than in either the other two kingdoms ; and it follows, nesmilli" that if the additional 6d. imposed on oohnsini in England and Ireland is no mons equivalent for the malt duty paid by the healr dl leer, and the excise restrictions imposed tepee Wee it must be less than an equivalent in Scotland. II are- deavouring on a former occasion to guess at dm amount of malt duty paid by the Scotch distiller, We were misled by the Report from the Board d Excise on the use of barley, &c., in iseweali and distilleries. We did not believe that the ors board which has stated in a report to the Camlib' sinners of the Treasury, " that the saccharine pail. of barley has been increased of late years by thii eei tivation of a superior description of grain," and whidt has estimated the average produce of a guava* d malt at 18 to 19 gallons, would continue to their the distillers for malt duty on the aseomptioriat it was only 18 gallons. Documents hale. 4kNA been placed in our hands that convince us adli le the case, and that the greater part of the SwWl tillers a ctually pay 3s. W. spirit duty and &t. flat duty on each gallon of spirite. While we heir* therefore, that the different rates of duty propene. 1 0 be levied under the Customs Duties Bill on homiwassi colonial spirits in England and Ireland is say near the mark, we are convinced that the diabase to be made in Scotland is too little to place theism* - with i colonial FACTORIES BILL. Division on question of seeond rem:tint of this 11111.—Ayes, I 9); Nom, W. AYR& • Arland, T. I). Coarser, Ha. W. Henley, J. W. Poiret Lord A. Asto t A Oat Crivwforl. 4. 7 i Hervey, d. lir r !lA. Pacimb" sk r t. ; k a lc ioli t D H . A. Clrrte is , eniwn, E. B. Hll4 ll lnrd E. B. Palmer. George "Moot, W. IYEyocourt,C.T.Mndley, C. Pipet, Sir it. Allia,Joho Peter Dickinson, F. U. Madame, R. Flumptre, J. P. Arundel& BarreyDisroelt B P. Holland, R. Plumridge, Capt. F-arlof Douglas, Sir It Hope. A. Polhill Millie, 11. J. Douglas, J. D. S. I lornhy, J. Powleit,LordW. Hooke', O. Punicombe,Thos. Howard, Mk C. Prime, R. Baring, T. Donoombe, A. Howard, P. 11. Poor?, P. Barnard, E. G. Hudson, 0. Rendleshant lA. Boakerville, T.B. Mod's,Da vid Ilutophery, Ald. Repuin, O.W. J. Batson, T. Du Pre, C. D. Hunt, It. H. Richards, R. Beckett. W. Ebrington, Vise. Homey, T. Rushout. Copt Benbom, J. Egerton. Sir P. ingeetre, Lmd J. Bennet, P. Ellis, W. Inglis, Sir it. U. Rumen, J. D. W. Bentinek,LonlG. tkitwisle, W. Johnstone, Sir J. Rutherford, A. DentincitLordll.Etwall, R Kelly, J. Sandon, Viret Bereaford, Major Evans, Sir 1). L. Keinble, H. Serape, G. P. Fillthaffl, E. B. lambtori. 11. Seyrorr, Bernal, R. Perrend, W.B. Lowlem, li on. C. Shaw, Rt. Un. P. Bernard, Vied. Finch, °collo Layard, Capt. Sheridan, RAI. Illackburoe, J. Fitzroy, Lord C. Lefroy, A. Shirley, E. J. Black tier, W.S. Fleetwood, Sir P. Lennox, lord G. Sibthorp, Col. Bodkin, W. H. Frewen, C. H. Liddell, Hon. H. Spooner, R. Boldero, H. G. Gardner, J. D. IPCorthy, A. titauntoilirO.T. Borthwick, P. Gasket!, J. M. Hanging, it. D. Stuart, Lord J. Branuit n, T.W. Gladstone, Capt. Manner", Lord J. Stuart, J. Broadley, H. Godson, R. Miles, W. Strickbind,NrCi. Brocklehorst, J. Gooch, E. 8. Nam, 11.1 L Taylor. E. Brake, Lord Oore, W. Margin, 0. Taylor, J. A. Browne, Hit W. Gore, Hon. R. limn., D. Tolleinache, J. Broen, Cot Goring, C. llostyn, item. E. Trevor, Ho. O. B. Buck, L. W. Granby, Marq.of Hunt; O. F. Trouts idge,Sir E. Boller, C. Granger, T. C. Napier, Sire. Tufnell, Bunbury, W.M. Grey, Sir 0. Neeld, Jos. Vane, Lord 11. Butler, P. S. Gronoditch, T. Neeld, John Verner, Sir W. CO'let•E Grogon, E. Newdegate, C. Vyse, It. Charelos, Marg. Grosvenor,Ld.R. Newport. vue. Vyvyan, Sir R. I ticheater, 1-d. J.Orosvenor, Earl Norreys, Lord Vi'adtington,ll.B Choimeler, Sir ). Milford, Sir IL O'Brien, A. S. Walley, T. Christie, W. D. Hall. Sir B. O'Brien, C. Walker, R. Christopher, FLA.llall, Colonel O'Brien, W. 8. Wilton, J. T. Churchill, LordAtiamilton, O. A. O'Comiell,D.,jun.Williaroa, W. Clacton, Rice R. Harcourt, G. O'Connell, M. J. Yorke, H. R. Coasinitton,Sirilllarriii,Hun.Capt.O'Connell, II J. Cole, lion. IL A. Hatton, Capt. V. Ogren, Sir John Collet, J. Heathcoat, J. Parke, C. W. Firlden, J. Courtenay, d Heathcote, G. J. Paget, Colonel Brothertoo, J. NOES. Anson, lion. Col. Farott, B. Lindsay, Capt. Readily, J. Baine, W. Evans, W. Lockhart, A. E. Ewell, Loyd E. Barkly, H. Ferguson, Col. Lockhart, W. Scott, R. Baring, F. T. Flower, Sir J. Maitland, T. Seymour, Lord. Bouverie,lionE. Forbes, William Marshall, W. Smith, A. Bowring, Dr. Forster, M. Maryland. 11. Stns Bright, Bright, J. Gibson, T. H. Martin, J. Stuart, W.V. Brown, W. Gouiburn, H. Matheson , J. Strut!, F. Bruges, W. H. Graham, Sir J. Niaule,lttilti.P. Sutton,lln.H.M. Cardwell. E. Gregory, W. il. Mitchell, T. A. flogger, Sir F. ' Cavendish,lin.O. Hamilton, Ist Clause, Colonel Tbornely, T. Clay, Sir W. Mantle, A. Neville, Ralph Trelawny : J. S. Cleric, Sir 0. Hawm, B. Northland,Virgt. Villiers, S bict. Colebrooke, SirT.Hamage,G.E.W.Ogle, S. C. H. Wall, C. B. Craig, W. G. Honbart, S. Oswald. A. Warburton. H. Cripps, W. Havidaworth, T. Oswald, Jams Ward, li. G. Dal:tinny, Lord laigeohetre, H. Parker, J. Wood, Col. T. Dawson, T. V. Lapis" J. IL Patten, J. W. Wrightaon,W.B. Diniaoil, J. F. LagsaDeti v En.W. Paulson, J. Douglas, Sire. ILLealler, I. T. Peel, Sir R. TELLW Duncan, Mud. Laliambarl, D. Prudence, E. Roebuck, J. A. Duman, George Istalinn, Sir C. Philips, N. DellßiAMlll, J. Egerton, W. T. Limbi, Earl of Protheroe, E. IN THREE OR FOUR DAYS,' MR. WAOHORN'S THIRD PAMPHLET on STEAM to AUSTRALIA, in a Letter 'adenoid to Earl Grey. Elder, and Co.