The Express. — London, England, 1851-10-28 00:00:00

Iffroveiso. TV I.3.lAlrirour • dewed /Apia Ilse Leper..." seateatair sages ..181.0 is published suety Tuesday aad Nide, sliita. Um,. R do S post. l&er terriers handed far "The Eaptfre," Lariat wale, pope. •14-t I.lp the urns% /0. fleeperidesUest. Iva es HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDOK Tns tw—}lording. 4h. lOn Annan% th. 35% Tssessow—llorn.ns, 4h. 10.• .... Owns% lA. LONDIM TrESDA l', OCTOBER 28. ISt far the most valuable contribution lately made to the defeace of those great principles of the lie formation, the right and the duty of private judg ment for all men, and the right and duty of all com munities or societies to form and to organise religious corporations or churches for themselves, is the essay cm the Anyl eCotholie Theory in the present number of the Eliatergh Reehor. For therein, that theory, —viz., the existence of a visible church having alone a duly constituted priesthood, which in its turn has alone authority and power to duly and efficacionsly administer the sacraments to the laity, is examined by a writer who, to all the dialectic skill of the school to which he is opposed, and to more than all their felicity of illustration and power over language, adds the severest habits of logical precision, of historical accuracy, and of scriptural fidelity. From his pen we have, therefore, what may be almostricalled a mathematical demonstration of the unsoundness of the apiritolate, as it has been audaciously termed, and what, at all events, is a clenching argument against the consistency of the Anglo.catholic theory with the original design, or its adoption with the pro longed existence of the church of England. The reviewer commences by pointin out that, g though the Ecclesiastical Titles Act of last session has vindicated the exclusive power of the Sovereign of this Halm to confer territorial titles as against the Court of Rome, the statute has done nothing to resist the fur more serious aggressions of the Church of Rome in this kingdom—aggressions invited by its internal condition. lie next remarks how the recon ciliation to Rome of the many eminent men who have lately seceded from the Church of England IV as •not primarily produced by dogmatic affinities, that it was not the attractions of her peculiar and strictly religious doctrines which drew them onward, hut that it was their inability to find iii the church of their own country the tests and qualifications of that apostolic, traditional, and universal church, which hail taken possession of their faculties and their fcrlings. and produced in them a sort of sensu ous Christianity, requiring a warmer climate for its full development than ours. The party amongst the English clergy who some ten yrars ago adapted this view of their own church, who regarded her as a branch, and as the only pure one, of the apostolic church, were not as a body re markable for the supremacy of logic in their writing*. They generally were men of learning, of observation, of gnat power over words ; but few of them had the accuracy and precision of thought, the faculty of throwing :taly the husk and retaining the kernel, and the simplicity of well evolved principles which almost always disting,niah the successful pursuers of truth. Nut without any exception all the ribltst of this party have at lust failed to find in the church, on whose behalf they first advanced those pretensions, those marks und signs, and assurances of their re ality, and-have gone over to Rome, where, as they assure us, they have found them. Still it is quite posorible that the see. ders may have besot illogieul in taking their departure un such grounds and in their secession ; tool the question, therefore, to u bieli the reviewer mainly addiesaes biome!' is the posstawion of any claims of the church of England to the truth of this theory. The con clusion to which he comes is, of course, that unly to which hie boreal fidelity could arrive—that the church of England is only an example of the right estab lished at the Reformation, by men who had pre viously toted ,on what was purely dogmatic in the then controversy on the duty of private judgment, of a cation organising fur itself a religious corpora tion ; u right crery other nation has, or bodies of Milli in a nation have as good and indefeasible a right to exercise fur it and themselves, whenevrr and however they please- -always keeping predominant, when so acting, the gnat objects of a church or religious organisation. This was the theory of Lt - rifiric. IrAerstoxi. has, in his I.ife of the great Reformer, quoted a pa:wage, in which it is laid down in that bold and burning language. which was so scornful and scorch ing of all pocerthaal fallacies: It ha. Nei. saki that the Pope. the bishops, the priests, sad MO.' • tin dwell in convents, form the spiritual or ve tlraisstical date; and that the primes, nobles, citizens, and pewit& form the welsher state or laity. This is a fine story may, 1... t no one, bum see, be alarmed nt it. .411 ehris tians belong to the spiritual state ; and there is no other differcure between them that that of the fisactioas they dis charge. _ . And this great truth LUTHER went on to illustrate by an example which rvduets the opposite position to an absurdity, and a denial of religious ordinances: If an y pious laymen were banish." to a desert, and having WI regularly consecrated priest among thesis, were So nitric to choose for that (Mice one of their number, tftwricil or unmarried, this man would by as truly a priest •• it he had been consecrated by all the bishops in the world. Augustine. Ambrose, and Cypriot' were chosen in this manner. Ilene it follows that laity and priests, priori' and bishops, or, as they say, the clergy aud the laity. hale in reality nothing to distinguish them but their functions. They all belong to the same (state; but all hay,. not the same work to perform. This reduction of clergy and laity into a mere functional diflerencu gotta at once to the very root of '+ the pressatt contra versy. For if, as Lertts.ft con tends, the clergy do nut, by virtue of an unbroken line of 0 LICCM. I from apostolic times, constitute irrespectivelY, (as the Bishop of EXETER lately argued) of their doctrinal purity or error, one great universal church, to some diocesan brunch of which, the bisl',op a. 'writ., all Christ ions oue obedience, but arc or.ly, uv 1.1:11IEK lays down, in each separate and distinct religious society or community, its officers or functionaries, then the pretensions of a visible church vanish from our sight, and the princi ples of the Reformation (which were also the prac tice of primitive times) become the only possible rules of ('bristiun organisation. And thrit Is what the reviewer so irresistibly establishes; therein fol lowing out, in perhaps a happier style, the noble argument of Archbishop WIRTELY, whose larger writings on ecclesiastical polity form text-books that can be plated in the hands of all protestant students. About ouch men as the reviewer and Dr.WIIATELY there is illdVed a courage and a breadth of view that might well shame the timid and safe episcopacy of the church of Englaud—no matter whether evan gelical or not in its views. They arc not alarmed by such springes to catch weak consciences, as imputa tions of 'whim, as charges of disloyalty to the church of which they are members : fur t'ley know and feel, and have reason for the faith in that their church cannot exist, and has no existence', as a branch of as universal catholic church ; that it rests solely and only on national choice and will ; and that to deprive it of a national character by attempting to place it on a larger foundation, is to throw it on to the surface of a quick sand, where it must sink of its own weight, unless rescued therefrom by reconciliation with Rome. They do not, however, underrate the-privileges or advan tages of a C'hristian community ; they do not as sert that whatever nations or bodies of men in a nation have an undoubted right to do, they would be necessarily right in doing; they do not contend, to use the archbishop's language, that what is lett to their discretion is therefore left to their caprice, or that they are to regard any point that is not ribs:). lutaly essential as therefore absolutely indifferent." But what they do claim is religious liherty fur men, applied necoiding to the beet of their judgment, and under a sense of responsibility, within those limits which revelation has left at men . s disposal, anal what they are 1/r. WILITELY has thus powerfully and succinctly described. 'They (that is dissidents from any particular national church), have an undoubted right, accenting to the prinal pbs I have been endeavouring to astahlish, to appoint such orders of Christian ministers, and to allow to each such functions as they judge most conducive to the great ends of the society; they may assign to the sr/ioteor to a p . i1;01$ of they, the otter of onlaining oftv.ir as their summon; they tuay appoint one superintend, ~t sat the rt.% or sacra!, wader the title of patriarch, archbishop, bishop, nod:ratr, or any other that they may prefer ; they may mike the op poiNtincot of these fur lite, or for a limited period—by el, scion or by rotatiou—with a greater or Ica extrusive jurisilietion ; and they have a similar diserctiomai7 power with respect to Liturgies, festivals, ceicmunies and what ever else is left at large in the scriptures. And why have nations and men in nations this power ? Because they are natural rights whielil revelation has not deprived then at; And it is only by a at, of such Cltristian l privileges and rights sq.; ese, that the world and mankind can partake of enjoy a Mime:assay et Christian peace and concord. On the opposite theory of one great universal church, with branches therein contending a.gainst each other for predominant and efficacious purity, men substitute a war of ecclesias tical organisation for the practice of that mutual gocd-will which religious liberty to organise churches, as their separate members deem most edifying, produces. By the opposite theory spiritual pride, exclusive privileges damnatory to those who reject their authority, claims to allegiance which involve persecution, and at last a preference for doctrinal error in bodies having similar pretensions, rather than sympathy with dogmatic orthodoxy in those dissimi larly constituted—by the opposite theory these and other even greater social evils are promoted. And therefore it is that human liberty and pro gress, as well as eternal salvation, are most success fully advanced by recognising, with the " Edinburgh Review" and Archbishop WIIATELV, the fact " that the foundation of the church by the Apostles was not analogous to the work of Romulus or Solon. It was not properly the foundation of Christian socie ties which occupied them ; but the establishment of the principles on which Christians in all ages might form societies for themselves." h flails, and they determine to fight to order to avenge a defeat they had oaf °ocher, two years before; and it seems _tful whether the evil passions and _ amused by the game system are greater on the side of those who protect the game or of those who contravene the law. fered I really FRANCE. THE NEW MINISTRY. PARIS, MONDAY EYININO. The 3fondettr of this morning contains a series of decrees of the l'resident of the Republic, dated the Elysee National, the 28th, constituting the new mi nistry, u follows : Justice—M. Corbin, Procureur-General of the Court of Appeal of Bourges, in the room of M. Rouher. Foreign Affairs—M. Turgot, ex-peer of France, in the room of M. Baroche. Public Instruction and Worship—M. Charles Gi raud, member of the Institute, in the room of M. Dombideau de Crouseilhes. Interior—M. Tiburee de Thorigny, formerly Ad vocate-General of the Court of Appeal at I'a ris, in the room of M. Leon Faucher. Agriculture and Commerce—M. Xavier de Casa bicuica, representative of the people, in the room of M. Buffet. Public Works—M. Lacrosse, Member and Vice- President of the National Assembly, in the room of M. Magne. War—General de division Le Roy do St. Arnaud, Commander of the Second Division of the Army of, Paris, in the room of General Bandon. Marine—M. Hippolyte Fortoul, in the room of M. do Chasacloup Laubat. Finance-31. Blondel, Inspector-General of Fi nance, in the room of M. Achille Fould. Another decree charges M. Giraud, Minister of Public Instruction, with the ad interim administra tion of the department of Justice, in the absence of M. Corbin ; and another charges M. Turgot, Minister of Foreign Affairs, with the functions of Minister of Finance, in the absence of M. Blondel. Finally, by a decree also dated yesterday, M. de Maupas, Prefect of the Haute Garonne, is appointed Prefect of Police, in the room of M. Cartier. M. de Wildermeth, Prefect of Oran, has been ap pointed Prefect of the department of the Ilautes Py renees, in the room of M. Massy, who is nominated a member of the council of prefecture of the depart ment of the Seine. Lacrosse, Minister of Public Works, born in 1791, is the son of Admiral Lacrosse. a distinguished citizen of the first republic, and officer under the empire. Ile was member of the old Chamber of Deputies for Brest, and during several vears one of the secretaries of the Chamber. He always voted with the opposition against the ministry of M. Guizot ; and carried against the ministry, on the occasion of the rupture of the entente cordiale with England apropos of Mr. Pritchard, a motion for adding 93 millions of francs to the budget of marine. To the Constituent Assembly he was returned for Finisterre, for which department he continues to sit in the legislature. After the election of the 10th December M. Lacrosse became a member of the ca binet of Odilon Barrot, in which he undertook the department of public works. He resigned with the rest of his colleagues on October 30, 1849, to make room for the llautpoul ministry. Shortly after M. Leon Faucher's appointment to the Ministry of the Interior, one of the vice-presi dencies of the Assembly becoming thus vacant, the temper of the Chamber having at that time grown more reconciled to Louis Napoleon, M. Lacrosse, whose Bonapartist tendencies are well-known, be. came the candidate of the Club of the Rue des Pyra raides for the vacant office, into which he was accord- AT a time when the owners of land are complain ing that their produce is unduly depreciated in value,' and a considerable number of them are seeking to transfer to others sonic part of the public obligations to which their land is liable, it would be well that they should he able to show that they are not them selves accessory to a vicious system, at once inju rious to themselves and the community. We refer to the preservation of game, of which the farmers so generally and so loudly complain, and which tends so seriously to demoralise the labouring classes. To this subject public attention has just been forcibly and painfully drawn by the occurrence in Notting hamshire of one of those desperate conflicts between large bodies of armed men which are only known in England as incidental to the preservation of game. All that part of Nottinghamshire known as the "Dukery," comprising the districts around Mansfield and (Merton, has long been notorious for the enor mous quantities of game preserved on their estates by the noble proprietors of the district; and the ne-, cessery consequence has been that a number of the working classes of the neighbourhood have from time to time combined together to make forays into the swanning game preserves, tempting alike to the sporting propensities of the peasant and the peer. , (If all the game preservers of this district no one! preserves more rigidly or keeps a larger head of ! game than Lord SCARBOROUGH. In fact, the wretched cultivation and poverty-stricken tenantry, of the Raiford estate arc attributed by those best I acquainted with the neighbourhood in a great degree I to the circumstance of the farms being so over-run with game that good farming becomea impos sible. Indeed, we have often heard surprise expressed that the tenants are able to pay any rent at all. Bad, however, WI the effects of game preser ration are on the Itufford tenants, its influence on the labouring classes of the neighbourhood is ten times more mischievous. It has produced an or ganised ruffianism which is fearful to contemplate. How a proprietor with the ordinary feelings of hu manity, and espeelally how a nobleman, with the responsibility that belongs to his rank and station as a peer of pa . rliament, can permit the continuance of system of savagery now disclosed by the evidence of his own servants, seems incomprehensible. I The conflict we allude to occurred on the 13th inst., between a body of 30 poachers and 10 of the Earl of SCARBOROUGH'S gamekeepers. The facts are stated in detail by Himex, the gamekeeper, who commanded the party of game watchers, and the statement is more like a border warfare, or a con-1 flint between savage tribes, than an occurrence possible in a civilised community. It appears that a fight was anticipated by the gamekeepers, who were all entail with flails and large stones ; the leading keeper, at least, lwing also armed with a pistol. This flail is a formidable weapon, made expressly for the purpose. It consists of a handle of the length of four feet, to the end at which another piece of wood, 16 inches in length. is attached by a swivel, and this piece is nut untrequently landed with lead. This is exactly such an implement as was used in war before the invention of gunpowder ; and. as might he expected, sane of the poachers were also armed with similar flails. The keepers were concealed in a piece of gorse until the poachers, to the number of 30, had gone down a road adjoining the place of ambush. The keepers distinctly heard the poachers providing themselves with stones from a heap by the roadside. " As soon," said IiRoCK, the gamekeeper, in evidence before the coroner's inquest on the body of one of his party killed in the tray, "as they (the poachers) were about 30 yards past us, I told our men to take of their cloaks and get ready. We followed on the grass into the road as quietly as we could. After we had advanced about 1140 yards, walking stow and still, we found a net act on the road. When we got to the net we went cimsiderably quicker, and upon reaching CARTLIDGE's gate we saw three men close to it. They began to throw Monett at us. They then rushed away to get over the stile—one of them sue nailed, the other two not. The deceased, who was a tine strong young man, and Samuel. Htatoinknockeil them down with their fails. About 30 yards down the first field I overtook another man, and knocked him down with nip flail." He then went on to describe the coming up of about thirty-four poachers, and the fight with flails, sticks, and stones on both sides, and then added, "We determined to go on fighting whilst any man was standing on either side. We were beaten b y" poachers two years ago, and were determined not to be beaten again." Another of the gamekeepers describing the blow which resulted in the death of the keeper ROBEHTs, said, " Whilst we were knocking the poachers down with our flails as fast as we could, one of the poachers threw a large stone and hit Itoanats over the head and knocked him down." He fell, exclaiming "Oh, I'm done," was carried to a neighbouring cottage, and died within tour hours. Several others of the game keepers were severely hurt. When the poachers were gone, their nets, thirteen in number, each being forty feet long, were found. They had thus come determined to carry off a large quantity of game. What are the reflections suggested by this horrid narrative ? Doubtless there were many men of bad and desperate character amongst the poachers, but how many of them had entered upon the enterprise in a spirit of adventure ? How many with a view to have a brush with the gamekeepers, who are the petty tyrants of the labouring classes in game pre served districts? It is clear that whatever may bo the legal view of their conduct, these men did not re gard themselves as in the commission of a crime. They regarded the game, as the law regards it, as wild animals which belong to nobody till captured. 1/o we ever hear of even the most crimi nal of our population assembling in numbers to at tack a sheep fold, to rob a henroost or the like? Aud are not men intent on such crimes startled like deer by the smallest show of resistance or pursuit ? reason of the difference is perfectly obvious, and is accounted fur by every one acquainted with our peasantry, and our rural criminals, by the fact that nothing will ever induce a poacher to believe that in poac hing he has committed a crime, a sin; while the rubber even of the henroost is conscience stricken in the very act of committing the robbery. Now we are not insensible to the moral evils of poaching; we know that the poacher soon becomes a vagabond and an outcast, and generally ends by acts of deeper criminality; but the labouring classes, aye and other classes too, do not regard poaching as actually criminal, and admitting to the full all the evil consequences which follow from breaches of even the barbarous game laws, it is impossible to avoid seeing that there is a broad distinction between the putnut of a wild animal and an act which is truly a theft. And it is in this tendency to confuse the sense of right and wrong that the game laws arc especially injurious to the community. To permit the existence of a special code of laws, confessedly harsh and barbarous, for the protection of game, the preservation of which is practically inconsistent with cultivation and a fully peopled &strict, and which - tights ingly voted by the Assembly. M. Casablanca, Minister of Commerce, is a decided Bonapartist, although not of the extreme dye of l'er signy. lk is a member of the Assembly, in which he represents Corsica. Burn at Nice, in 1796, he studied for the bar, which profession he practised as an advocate in the court of Bartia, in Corsica. Ile was a candidate for the liberal opposition under the monarchy of July. since the revolution of February he has steered a moderate course between the repub licans and the party of reaction. lie forms with M. Abbatucci one of the most confidential advisers of Louis Napoleon. M. llippolyte Fortonl, Minister of Marine, is also an Elysean, and a member of the Assembly, where he represents the department of the Basses Alms. M. Fortoul began life as a literary man, with radical political principles, and distinguished himself by contributions to the Berme de l'aris, L'.lrtide, and the National. During the latter years of the reign of Louis Philippe, M. Fortoul obtained the professor- ship of literature at Aix, since which period his politica have veered round to conservatism. Ilia name has been frequently mentioned in the latter ministerial crises. M. Furtoul wax formerly a Saint Simonian. lie is a fluent speaker. M. Corbin, Minister of Justice, is procureur-gene ral at Bourges, in which capacity he has distin guished himself by his activity and real in the legal investigations relative to the recent socialist insur rection in the Valley of the Loire. M. Corbin was formerly procureur-general at Angers, sad is dis tinguished by his firmness and talent in speaking. M. do Thorigny, Minister of the Interior, was for merly advocate-general of the Court of Paris. Under Loos Philippe ho spoke in several of the principal tions of the press. Since the revolution of rsTmeell has returned to the bar. lic was considered as a staunch legitimist, and has successfully defended in his legal career several legitimist journals under, prosecution. M. Charles Giraud, !Minister of Public Instruction, held this poet before as one of the provisional mi nisters on the downfall of the Ikm:he-cabinet. lie is a member of the Institute, and must not be con founded with M. Augustin Giraud, of Angers, who was recently consulted by the President on the for mation of a ministry. M. de St. Arnaud is the last of the Aft lean gene rals who has appeared upon the scene. lie is known chiefly for having conducted the receut campaign I • against the Kabyles. He is reFarded as Elysean. Count Target, Minister of koreign Affairs, was a member of the Chamber of l'eers under the late monarchy, and is a descendant of the celebrated minister of finance of Louis XVI. The lustre of his name and the distinction of his antecedents caused the report of his accession to the cabinet to be re ceived with great jealousy by the parliamentary party, whose chief organs, the Ordre and llessayer, repeatedly contradicted this fact. The new ministry were assembled yesterday at the Elyse°, where they held a conference from 2 to 5. Emile de Girardiu says Whatever be the cha sicter of the new cabinet, the ministers who propose to repeal the law of May 31, need only this reason to have the support of all who do not desire civil The decrees appointing the ministers were signed yesterday at the Elysee. To-day, at 4 o'clock, the President was still at St. Cloud. I met Generals Magnate and St. Arnaud riding from St. Cloud to Paris at that hour with a numerous staff. The com mander-in-chief is a brisk-looking little officer, of about 60. St. Arnaud, on the contrary, is a large heavy individual, of about C,O. The Committee of Permanence met to-day, in pur suance of their resolution on Thursday. 31. Charles Giraud, the Minister of Public Instruction, was in troduced, and read the letter iu which the President notifies to the committee the appointment of the new cabinet. M. de Montemart and M. l)ufougerais made some short observations, after which the com mittee agreed to adjourn until next Thursday. The sitting was presided over by General Bedeau, and only lasted half an hour. The Ordre says : If, as the Patric states this evening, ministerial negotiations are now confined to the men of order, the Elysee must have abandoned the pretensions, whichhavecaused the crisis, and have renounced the execution of its plans, for we cannot believe that any member of the party of order can lend his name and responsibility to measures, the fiest result of which would be to disorganise tho kads to such sa%age .. a nts as that at Rut- majority. ford, is perfectly unjustifiable, and could The .11oniteur inserts a decree of the ex-prefect of never happen hud not our legislators a persona! I police, M. earlier, " irrevocably fixing" the drawing interest in that species of territorial right which of the lottery of the ingots of gold, for Sunday, the is involved in game preserving. Nor can the 116th of November, at 12 o'clock preeisely,in thetirque effect of this system on the gamekeepers be over- : Olynipique in the Champ Elyst:vs. The decree ap looked. They commence by knocking down the potato a special comtniosion to superiu:ond the draw- THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 28, 1851. in g, consisting of M. Monnin-Jaby, Senior Mayor of Paris, President; M. Berenger, Juge de Paix of the Ist Arrondissement; M. - Klein, Judge of the Tribunal of Commerce; M. de Besse, Chef do Bureau of the Ministry of Finance ; sad M. de Couzai Cretel, Principal Cashier of the Bank of France. The ex- Minister of the Interior, M.L. Faucher, has approved of this decree. The rents do not seem to have been much more affected by the end than by the beginning of the crisis. The Fives closed at 90.43, with a rise of Sc. The Threes closed at the same price as yesterday. The investigation into the disturbances in the department of the Chcr is being actively continued. Lamentable facts have already been brought to light. In one village alone, that of :Wilton, sixty persons were discovered to belong to secret societies. Only five or six, however, appeared to possess much intelligence. The President of the Republic has approved of a decree by the ex-Minister of tho Interior, M. Leon Faucher, dated October 12, by which it has decided, in order to attempt to remove the complaints made of the immoral and dangerous political tendency, and the literary imperfection of a great number of theatrical pieces, that the following prizes shall be annually given : A sum of five thousand franc to the author of a success. ful dramatic work in four or live acts, in prose , or verse, re presented at the Theatre Francais, and which shall be moral in character and brilliant in execution. A sum of three thousand francs, to a piece of the like character, of less than four acts, represented with success at the same theatre. A sum of five thousand francs to the author of the work in fear or five acts, in °rose or verse, represented with success at any theatre at Paris, or even, if given fur the first time in a provincial theatre, " which shall be of a nature to serve in the instruc tion of the labouring classes, by the propagation of sound ideas and the spectacle of good examples." Alum of three thousand francs to the author of any such piece of less than four acts, represented with success in any Parisian or pro vincial the mire. A commission, consisting of the director of the department of fine arts, of four members of the aca demy, and of four members of the commission of the theatres, is to make a report on the pieces to be recompensed, and the minister is to choose the author from the list it is to present. The funds arc to he taken from the subvention of the Thatre Francis, and front the budget of the hue arts. Presidential decrees of the 17th remove M. de Saligdae-Fenelon, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary from Saxony to Switzerland; M. de Ferriere-Levayer, from Hammer to Saxony; M. de liassano, from Baden to Hanover; and appoint M. de Meneval, first secretary of the French lega tion at Vienna, to be envoy at Baden ; and M. de Serre, chief of the cabinet and of the secretary's office in the department of foreign affairs, to be first secretary at Vienna. Another decree confers the rank of officer in the Legion of Honour on IL do Vallat, consul of twelve years' standing. SPAIN. The Madrid Gazette of the 22nd contains, in Latin and Spanish, an apostolic letter of the Pope, dated the Sth of September, relative to the Concordat. It begins by stating that the convention undertaken by Pope Gregory XVI., of happy memoiy, did net pro duce the desired result, but that the present Pope, on the player of his well-beloved daughter in Christ, Maria Isabells, catholic Queen of Spain, he had sent to that kingdom the venerable brother John, arch bishop of Thessulonica, to regulate the affairs of the church and of religion. In the negotiations fur the Concordat," says his holiness, "a great consolation was given to us by the decided will of our well-beloved daughter in Christ, in favour of religion. We have decided that in this concordat it should be established before all, that the catholic and apostolic Homaii church, with all the rights which it enjoys by divine institution, and by the sanction of the holy canons, shall entirely regulate and dominate, as in the past, all the kun;dom of Spain—so that the calamities of past times cannot cause it any detriment ; that, to the exclusion of all other forms of worship, the catholic doctrine shall be taught with purity in all universities, colleges, seminaries, and public and private schools; that the inviolable rights of the church, pi incipally in spiritual things, shall be strictly preserved; that the prelates and sacred ministers shall be free in the exercise of their episcopal functions, and in the holy ! ministry especially to guide the faith, and to de ' fend the doctrine, customs, and ecclesiastical dis -1 cipline ; and that setting aside all difficulties and obstueles,'all and each shall accord the consideration and authority due to ecclesiastical authority and I dignity." The apostolic letter concludes by stating ' that whoever shall have the audacity and temerity to attack that document, approved, ratified, and con firmed by his Holiness, must know that iu so doing he will incur the wrath of Almighty God, and of his Apostles, St. Peter and St. Paul. The letter is scaled with the leaden seal. Some of the journals contain as address of M. Mendizabel to the people, giving his profes sion of political faith. Ile declares that ho is as liberal as ever he was, and will never bo less so. M. Gonzalez Bravo has been definitively nominated minister of Spain to Naples. There were rumours of further modifications in the ministry. The Herald° remarks that the customs, which in 1P433 yielded 60,000,000 teals, rose to 116,000,000 in 16.50. LATEST FOREIGN EXCHANGES. BOURSE. lot Account. PARIS, Oct. U. V. . Yosey. %miss Iligfout. Lowe 4.1 ',lacing pm Cub. —.—. U 73 Uln 33 Ili 33 717 33 70 urOudo Le U 1 WI 70 te 73 90 49 90 43 ... vtic Wits. I7I 6 ... .. ... s per oesi.. .... 113 ts is so Iss 01) 5.170 3 per Ceuta IS 45 ' 90 70 ..0 75 ! to 45 3 per Cents. Naw Loa ... ivar Gant. .... 1 71 I —. 41 pet Cents III 11 Exchange On Lasulod ; at Asti, 25 371 ; lb dies, 23 10. Belgian, J. 1940 lb. 3, 1012 lb. 44 lb. 21 ..... ... ... 1 Treasury on red.ankt 5 p. 19... 70 13 ... I Bank twain l'Auto, Ocr. 27.—Vcritailles (right bank), 257 50; ditto rich book), 210; Paris and 1 Wean% 032 34; rdria and Rouen. 519 2S; Rouen and Nacre, 207 50; Marseilles and Mignon, 212 50; Strastbors and Bole, 145; Crate, 423; Orleans and Ikardeaux, 311 25; Nnethern, 457 l 0 ; Paris and •trus`Adars, 351 23; Tour, and N.antels 233; D.enre and Fecarnp, • 93. MADRID, OCT. 22.—'11ree per Cents., 361; after Bolsa, 361. Four per Cents., 14 ; after Bolsa, —. Five per Cents., 16 ; after Bolsa, 16. Coupons, 8 ; after Bolsa, 8 cash. Passives, 3 10-16 ; after Bolsa. 6. Bank of St. Ferdinand, 00. Ex change on London, 30.73. (By Elect:le Telegraph.) ANTWERP, OCT. 27.—Five per Cent. Metalliques, 74Z ; ditto Ardoins, 13'4. Three per Cent. interior, 35k. Russian Four-and-a-Half per Cents., Ex change on London, 25.30. Bausset.s, Ocr. 27.—Belgian Five per Cents., 981 ; ditto Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 90; ditto Two and-a-Half per Cents., 49/. Exchange on London, 25.30. AMSTERDAM, OCT. 25.—Five per Cent. Metal liyucs, 71'. per Cent. Belgians, Eire per Cent. Ardoins, 13 15-16. Three per Cents., Interior, 3.3. ltussian Four-and-a-Half per Cents., --. Two-and-a-Half per Cent. Integrals, 57 d-16. Exchange on London, 11.87 VIENNA, OCT. 27.—Five per Cents., netalliques, ' 92:1 ) Exchange ou London, 12.18 ; on Paris, 1461. Agit) on gold, 291 ; on silver, 221. liAttnuan, OCT. 27. —Three per Cents. Inte rior, 32f. Russian Four-and-a-Half per Cents., _96 - i. FRANKFORT, OCT. 27.— Five per Cent. Nletalliques, 74. Three per Cent. Interior, 351. Exchange on London, 119 i •, on Vienna, 96:f. BERLIN, OCT. 27. Voluntary Loan, 102 Z; National Debt, 881 ; Four-and-a-lialf per Cents., Russia, 101. ACCELERATION OF THE EAST INDI.► AND CHINA MAILS.—The outward China mail of the 24th of June, ar rived at Hong Kong on the ith of August, and was only forty-three days and a half in its transit, tieing the quickest on record. The last homeward mail from India, China, ite., was delivered in London on the lien inst., giving seven clear days fur replying to letters by the immedhate outgoing mail. By a paper printed with the evidence taken before the select committee of the House of Commons of last ses sion, on steam communication with India, it appears that for nearly two years past the mails have been delivered at Lon don and Calcutta respectively in time to afford on the average from live to ten days at Calcutta, and from six to eight days at London for replying to letter, by the first out going mail. The contract with the Oriental Company only provided for an interval of a day or two at London for re plying to letters by the immediate outgoing mail, awl none lat Calcutta. During the above period it also appears that the ab tuners arrived at Calcutta twenty-two times in ad vance of the overland e :press established, ria Bombay. The improvements in the vessels which have produced these result-, it also appears in the evidence alluded to, were commenced by the company upwards of three years since. INDIA. THE OVERLAND MAIL. Our advice:, by telegraph from Trieste are of the 27th inst. We have no news of importance. Business at Calcutta was very slack, and prices of all articles low. Eachan"c, 2s. I,d. to 2 At Bombay gold was pl entiful. Five per Cent. Loan, 105 to 1054; Fun ds 92;. 92f. Exchange on Lon don, at six months, 2s. 04d. per rupee. Import and export trade dull. Freights.—To London, V. 108.; to Liverpool, 21. 55. TURKEY. CONSTANTINOPLE, Ocr. 12. The question of the Egyptian railroad may now be said to be satisfactorily settled. It is to be re gretted that a very wrong opinion with regard to the conduct of the Porte in this question existed in Eng land. The Sultan's government were never at any time opposed to the establishment of a railroad in Egypt, all that they required was that the terms of the treaty, which made the government of Egypt hereditary in the family of Me hemet Ali, should be respected. According , to that treaty which was guaranteed b' Great Britain, the Pacha of Egypt could embark m no important enterprise without having first obtained the permit'• sion of the Sublitue Porte. There is nothing which the present ministers in Turkey desire more than to have an opportunity of showing that they are not ungrateful to England for the aid site gave them during the war in Syria, and on the late suspension of relations with Russia. They were perfectly aware that a railroad through Egypt was of the highest importance to English in terests, and they therefore at once professed their willingness to aid in the undertaking. But they did not wish existing treaties to be openly violated, and to avoid an event which seemed probable, they made known to Abbas Pasha that he had but to go through the form of asking the Sultan's permission to construct the proposed railroad, and that it would be instantly granted. Nothing could be more conciliating than this conduct on the part of the Porte; indeed it mast he regarded as a remark able concession, for according to the terms of the treaty to which we have alluded, the Pasha by an overt act of disobedience to the Sultan subjected himself to be dismissed for ever from the govern ment of Egypt. It is only out of common justice to the Turkish government that we make these state ments which are all drawn front the official documents which have appeared upon this question. The mat ter is now, we are happy to say, at rest, the rail will be established, and that without any act of disobedience on the part of Abbas Pasha or of any disrespect to his sovereign at Constantinople. With regard to the conduct of Sir Stratford Can ning on this question, it has been in harmony with every act of his whole life. Amongst the Turkish people he has obtained the title of "the just," from the stern rectitude of his character. No one has laboured harder, through a long career, for the honour and the interests of England; but he would not consent to see an existing treaty violated by Abbas Pasha, when the object in negotiation could be obtained without appearing to support the go vernor of Egypt in a rebellious attitude against his sovereign. Sir Stratford advised the mezzo ternthde which the Porte finally, and out of respect for the British ambassador, adopted, and which has suc ceeded in settling this unnecessarily vexed question. SEILVIA. SEMLIN, ocr. 15. For some months past the Servians have allowed themselves to be dictated to by the Austrian consul and some Austrians who arc in the chancery of the prince. Accordingly, a number of Poles who were making a decent livelihood, in the most harmless ways, were ruthlessly expelled the principality. The Russians reserve their power, and have reasons for letting the boastful and cowardly Austrians make themselves odious, and drag the Servians through the mud, which the porcine nature of the latter makes them delight to wallow in. The present Prince of Servia (a vassal of the Porte) is a weak animal, generally under the influence of the Austrian consul (a peasant of the military frontier), and always under the influence of ardent spirits. Incapable of any sober thought, he fancies him self a great Slavonic emperor. Under such a system it may well be supposed that the representa tives of England and France are viewed with jea lousy and dread. A demonstration has consequently been made (which the Prince and government of Servia consider to have been only a gentle Lint, though Lord Palmerston is very likely to make them feel it as a mighty considerable uffitir). The I lah was the Prince of Servids august birthday, on the night of which the Servian inhabitants arc compelled to show their attaehmeut by illuminating their dwell ings, while the four foreign representatives of the great powers never burn an additional candle more fur the Prince than they would do for the Pasha who commands the citadel, and is a far worthier person. The military band paraded through the town at 8 p.m., and passed the Ituasian and Austrian consu lates, accompanied by a crowd of police agents and Scrvians of every degree. On reaching the ' street in which the British consul-general lives, they halted within a few yards of the house; some cries of Kossuth's consul r were heard from the Aus trian part of the mob, the drums beat an encourag ing roll, and the work of demolishing the windows commenced and lasted the better part of a quarter of an hour without the slightest attempt at repres sion. It was too well known that the execution was ordered by superior authority. The consul-general (Mr. de gonblanque) hurried to his residence and had his shoulder wounded by a heavy stone hurled at him by a Servian officer, who ran away, but is certainly well known to persons high in place. Next morning the British flag was struck, and now Captain Dudley Ileneage is about to proceed to Con stantinople with the consul-general's despatches to Sir Stratford Canning. LAUNCH OF TIM CAPE SCREW STEAM-STIIP, THE QUEEN OF Till SW:TH.—This fine vessel was yesterday launched front the yard of Mr. Charles Mare, of Black wall. Precisely at 3 o'clock p.m. the dog-shores were knocked away, and the gallant vessel, after receiving her name at the fair hands of Miss Ford, glided into the water. The Queen of the South has been built for the General Screw Steam Naviari.ion Company, and is intended to convey the maik, passengers, and cargo between this country and the Cape, under the contract which the corn puny have taken. She is a very bcat.tiful model. The dimensions of the Queen of the South are as follows: Length between perpendiculars, 210 feet ; length of keel for tonnage, 2161 feet; breadth fur tonnage, 30 feet; depth of hold, 2.1 Met. Burden in tons, 1752 36-9iebs. She has two direct acting engines, by Maudsley, Field, and Cu., of 300 horse power, and her rig will assimilate as near as possible to that of H.M.S. Dauntless, as now fitted. The Queen of the South has ample cabin accommodation for 120 passen gers, and is finisked in is style equal to any of the crack sailing ships of Messrs. Green, Smith, Wigram, or any other of the large shipowners of the port of London. ARRIVAL OF TILE GLASGOW SCREW-STEAMER.— GLASGOW, SUNDAT.—This ship arrived at the Broomielasv today on her first return voyage from New York. She has 30 cabin passengers and a good cargo. Iler news is anti dpated by the inttliigence brought by the Baltic. The principal feature connected with the ship is that she has performed the quickest passage ever made by a screw steamer between the United States and Ore it Britain. The ' Glasgow left New York at nivot on the 11th, and arrived off timrock, 22 miles below Glasgow, at 3 a.m. of the firth ()esti:l.day). On account of the fog prevailing, however, 1 Captain Stewart deemed it inexpedient to come up the river tiU today. The meantime between Now York and Gourock was 13 days 10 hours. Iler greatest daily dis tance run was 261 miles with fresh gales and carrying all sail; and her smallest 163 miles, with light breezes, and no sail set. OFFERINGS TO THE APPLE•TREE4.—DEVONSIIIRE SC PEIVITITION.—it Was a custom in Devonshire, and pro bab:y in some of the adjoining counties alto, to perform the following ceremonial on Old Christmas-eve, or Twelfth day, na:uely :—ln the evening, the farmer'. faini:y and friends being assembled, hot wheat flour cakes were intro duced, with cider, aol this was served tottild to the company, the cako being dipped in tie., cider, and then eaten. An the evening wore ~n, the assembled company adjourned into the orchard, sonic one bearing hot cake and cider as an ofl.ring to the principal tree in the orchard ; the cake was deposited on a fork of the tree, and the cider seas then thrown over it, the men firing off inu,kets, fowling ' pieces, pistols, Car., the women, glen, and bop shouting and screaming to the trees with all the excitement of young Indians, the following rhyme:— Ite4r blue. aln.lo, and p ors cnoure ; Darn full.. Ong talh., sack full. Hurrah! hurrah' hurrah:" From :Votes and Queries. VOe Court. W I N DSO It, Oct. 27. • _ The Queen and Prince Albert, the Prince of Wales, and the Princess Royal visited the Countess do Neuilly, at Claremont, to-day, attended by the Viscountess Canning, Major-General Sir B. Bowater, and Colonel Buckley. Prince Alfred, and the remainder of the royal children, took their usual pony and walking exercise. Despatches were received yesterday at the Colonial-ofnee from the (jovernor of the North American Provinces. TIIE GREAT EXHIBITION. The activity displayed in removal seemed yesterday to he rather on the increase, especially in the foreign de partments. Allusion has often been made to the fart that numerous sales are effected by exhibitors. Another loco motive engine followed that of the Great Western Company yi:stcrduy morning. In fact the whole of that part of tho building devoted to articles of that and a similar description is now in motion. The sugar mill hm; nearly vanished; the machine for printing the iffisstratiii Lwcdwa !Seim went on Saturday. A farewell dinner on a scale of great liberality and splendour, was given at the London Coffee-house last evening, by George Peabody, Esq., an American gentleman long resident in England, to his countrymen who have con tributed to the Great Exhibition. There were present Mr. Lawrence, the United States envoy; Lord Granville; Sir Henry Dialyser, the British minister to America : Sir Joseph Paxton; Mr. Thompson flunkey, Governor of the Bank of Englund; Mr. Bates; the American Commissionero ; tho Secretary of Legation; and about eighty or ninety other gentlemen. The banquet room was appropriately decorated with the Nags and banners of England and America, enve loping full-length portraits of her Majesty, Prince Albert, and the President of the United State:. The proceedings were of the most enthusiastic character, and the eloquent and practical remarks of the respective envoys, the lord commissioner, the lion. Mr. Walker, Sir J. Paxton, and the other gentlemen, prolonged the social meeting to a late hour, and caused all present to separate with kindly feelings towards their liberal host, and with a warm acknowledg ment of the cordiality with which the American visitors have this year been everywhere received iu this country. THE ARCTIC CONDLITI'EE. The members of this committee held a sitting at the Admiralty, yesterday, to examine the report, of Captain Austin and Captain Peony, and also to obtain answers which may be put to them or to the tolker, who aecom pulled them in the recent searching expeditions, as to the best plans to be adopted in the future expeditions which were decided upon before the committee was appointed. The following is a copy of a letter from Lady Franklin to Mr. Grinnell. who interested himself so much in sending out the American expedition under Captain Da Haven "21, Bedford-place, London, 11 4 ept. 12, Mil. "My dear Mr. Grinnell,—l write to you in much agita tion and confusion of mind, which you will not Wonder at when you hear that Captain Penny, with hi. two ships, has returned, and announces the approaching return of Captain Austin's squadron, after being out fm only half the period for which they were equipped. • • • Captain Penny's letter is to-day before the Board of Ad miralty, urging them in the strongest terms to il.spatch in stantly a powerful steamer to Wellington Channel, in which quarter, to the north-west, he has discovered this passage which there can be scarcely a dou!d the ships have taken, since it is the only Naming they bare found anywhere, and hundreds of miles of coast have been ex plored in the lower western direction to Cape Walker, Bank's Land, nod Melville Island, without a trace of them. Drift wood in considerable quantities has conic out of this north-west channel, and also a small bit of rather fresh English elm, which l'enny pronounces must have belonged to our ships, and was probably thrown overboard. " Thus the right truck of the north-west pet sage and tho course of the missing ships are identical ; and I eau only regret that our squadron was not told they might attempt the making of the passage if they could, for in that due we should hose hail no abandoning of the search till many more struggles hail liven made to get into Behring'e Steatite. The barrier of ice in Welliugton Channel did not break up last year, nor had alone so this, when Penny lett ; but Ins explorations, which extended to ISO mi...aa from the en trance, were made beyond it in boat sledge o ; GO miles beyond this he saw water, with hind standing to the north-west. I can hardly conceive how he could resist following the open water which lie /4111 V beyond him, and which he is convinced leads into the so.utuelitalkeil-of Pular basin. lle is also convinced, with I/r. Kane, that there is a better climate in these more northern latitudes, with more natural resources of food and fuel ; some prods of which he brings forward. Vo have every reason, then, to hope that some of our lost friends tied countrymen may yet be able to support life in this region, though unable to return by the way which they came ; and the absence of any traces of them north of Cape limes, on the cast side of Wellington Channel, proves nothing at all against it, since they were not likely to linger on their way to examine shores and islands, taut would push on as Cast as possible while the opportunity favoured them ; and the ucxt trace to be found would probably be their second winter quarters. In confirmation of this view, Penny tells me that there are signs of their first winter encampment at Ileechy Island, and of their having left it suddenly ; and that the summer of lain, though extremely unfavourable to the whalers, who, on account of the prevailing winds, could nut cross over to the west side of IL/this Bay, mud leave been quite the reverie to our navigators. You easy imagine what a Mate of anxiety and agitation we aria in, till we learn the decision of the Admiralty on the appeal now math, to them. I have written a strong letter also, and I know that Sir F. Beaufort, Captain Hamilton anal Mr. harrow, who • are all at their psts, will allege the necessity of prompt measures with all their powers. Should wo tail, we must look to America alone us our re source. To you will belong all the virtue anal credit of continuing the search when our countrymen fail; and to you will belong the honour and glory of succouring the di,,- tressed, and of settling fur ever that vexed question which for centuries it has been the ambition of Europe, and of England in particular, to solve. I cannot abandon my husband and my countrymen both to their tate, rust at the moment when the pathway to them leas been found: and, if need be, and my coming to the United States would help in engaging the active and energetic sympathies of your countrymen, painful, in many respects, as this trial would be, I would brace up my courage to the praol. But my head is growing weak, and my health is sinking —and then I have a beloved sister (not to mention as aged father, who is not now in a state to hue conscious of my ab sence) whom it would almost break my heart to leave. lam ' sure you will tell, with all your accustomed truth, and can dour, and kindness, what as your view of this poiut, in case I the Admiralty fail me. • • • • • e • It appears that it was Captain Austin's intention to look into Welliugton Channel himself, and ;also into Joirtsr•s Sound before he returned home, but as to the former, Penny says he will find the ice impassable, so that he will bo sure not to be able, as an eye witness, to see the opening. Nothing, perhaps, could penetrate it in its present state but the 400 horse power steamer, anal that cannot Ire alone this year, though Penny says, if the steamer could be ready to sail in three weeks or a mouth from hence, he thinks he could still get her up to Lancaster Sound this season, or at any rate to some convenient locality, which would en able him to commence early operations next spring. I intended writing much more t' you about your own two gallant ships, and their winter of almost unparalleled anxiety; but, as I wish to address a few lines to Judge Kane, I believe I must forbear, and refer you to tug note to him, which I shall enclose mad leave open. Captain Penny has studded the northern part of Wellington Chan nel with your names, and the names of our brave and gene rous allies in your ships. lam greatly pressed for tune, having more writing than I can possibly get through. Believe me, my dear 14r. Grinnell, ever mod truly and respectfully yours, JANE AFTER A PAUSE OP SOME DURATION, the Literary Guild theatricals ars about to recommence. Bath and Bristol will be the provincial towns first visited by the amateurs. THE METROPOLITAN OMNIBUS DRlVERS.—Yes terday evening a meeting was held at the Fehool-room, Liverpool-road, Islington, preliminary to calling an aggre gate meeting at Exeter Hall, to consider the best mode of improving the condition of the °mintier drivers and con ductors of London, and affording them some relaxation and opportunity of attending public worship. It appeared, from a statetaent that was made, thct there are at present 3,000 omnibuses plying on the sheets, the cost of which had been 300,0001. Each of them hail ten horses attached, the value of which in the gross was also 300,0001. The harnesses were worth GO,OOOl. ; and, sundries being taken I at 2,0001., the total of capital invested amounted to 962,0001. The number of drivers and conductors employed was 0,000 ; of horse-keepers, 3,000 ; and " odd men," that is persons occasionally employed, was 2,000; making a total of 11,000 persons daily employed in the' omnibus traffic of London. The number of persons conveyed by each omnibus per day was calculated to be 300, or 2,000 per week, which would give,u the total number of persons conveyed in all the omnibuses running, no less a number than six millions a week, and abaut three hundred millions a year. It was urged that something ought to be . done for the men who were in fact the active servants of these numerous passengers, who for 1G hoot" a dry drove between 00 and 70 miles, so as to enable them to obtain some of the comforts of sociel and (until life. A very strong description of the hardships arising from continuous labour and perpetual absence from their !vanes was given by Mr. Scully, a working man. lie also stated numersus eases of confirmed constitutional illness in this class of men, produced by the hardships:they went through. He urged the utter impossibility of these men being able to make any i provision for themselves in sickness, or for their fa milies after their deaths. He placed before the meet ing the claims of an institution which had been est.'- : bdshed called the " 3letropolitan Omnibus Servants Society," and expressed a hope that • school fur tha then of omnibus conductors and drivers would be este blistied. The statements of Mr. Scully were corroborated by • timekeeper of one of the City omnibuses. After several other addresses, it was arranged that another meet inn should take place next week at Mr. Hamilton's school room, in order to make arraw;ententi for a general meeting on the subject.