The Express. — London, England, 1851-11-20 00:00:00

Zhe enirtOgs. Tn ('')KRESPONDENTS. • reseed Eder* •f " Lapreer," smog...ter •h• mew tip. ree'r irrettr," pAbio4rol retry Totals, eao Yriday stool, me ler pet 14erroseleestr Weeded far *. Mt Taper," tondos Zees* pager, Mi. Le e Boravereortiver, V Two o'cLak on :Le es, of peelreeers. MOH WATER AT LONDON BRIDON. Tut. Lo 41—Mayas& Ili. 311 —Atirraera, 12n. O. Teaseasow—aloarmag I. VOL U. LONDON, THURSDAY. NOVE.VBER 20. Czarism inquiries hare recently been instituted by order of government into the number and claasi- Station of municipal electors throughout the king dom; and ere very long, if not by this time, the authentic replies furnished by . the local authorities will enable the trainers of the intended Reform Bill to estimate the extent to which the parliamentary franchise would be enlarged by including all persons who now enjoy the right of voting for the local government of their respective cities and towns. By the Municipal Act every tenant, whether by WPM or from year to year, of a home situated within the boundaries; of the borough and duly entered in the rate-books as such fur a period of three years. is poricturd of the corporate franchise. The law pre sumes with justice and with reason that none are more competent to make a proper selection of persons to administer the local taxes than those who regularly pay them. For a century and a half the oligarchic aystern was tried in municipal affairs, with what re walla few amongst us have forgotten. Wasteful ex penditure, family jobbing, and all the noxious under growth of evils that flourish beneath the shade of clique, had attained a scandalous maturity, during the period referred to. And one of the first fruits of the Parliamentary Reform Bill of 1832 was the origina tion of inquiries, and subsequently of measures, for the redress of so great a grievance. By the conces sion of the household suffrage above mentioned, a thorough change was speedily wrought in the local government of our towns; and though there may be evils still existing there which call for specific reme dies, we may congratulate ourselves that in the main the business of municipal self-rule is, generally speaking, now pe . rfonned with diligence, economy, even-handed justice, and a respectful deference to the voice of public opinion. And now, in the fulness of time, the influence to which this ameliorated system owes its existence seeks to renovate its own strength by a cheer imi tation of the more popular ways of its offspring. The 104 parliamentary franchise has already lost its vitality and vigour. The sanguine anticipations formed of its expansive tendencies when first pro mulgated have proved altogether illusory. Instead of expanding, we have beheld its limits year after year contracting until those of the leaser towns have well nigh reverted to he dimensions of the an te-reform ing penod. The applicat ion of anew mi nimum whereby a new Schedule A will be defined, has become impe ratively necessary. 'f lie seats thus suppressed must be conferred on other communities, uud a general redistribution of the representation can no longer be postponed. Rut, without a great and general in clusion of additional classes of the people within the confines of active citizenship, all shifting, and chop ping,. of the electoral system will be labour lost. There do not exist generally throughout the country enfranchised numbers sufficient to sustain freedom and purity of permanent action. To what purpose tth iuld we be at the trouble to divest Sudbury or St. Albans of their established perquisites in the shape of parliamentary plunder, if it be only to seek out other circumscribed communities, or arbitrarily ex clusive sections of communities, by whom the like practices may lie irrisponsibly carried on? Expe rience has demonstrated the unsafety of constituen cies consisting of but a few hundred electors. No .weeping at specified periods of these filthy corners will ever make them pure. No pulling of them down with angry haste, in order to build up others of the same narrow and obscure dimensions, will ever ac- eomplish any real good. There are many directions in which the end so desirable may be attained. We do not say that good and valid reasons cannot be adduced why it should be sought in more wars than one in combi nation and at the same time. There are unquestion ably very considerable and highly-deserving classes whom no single form of suffrage will adequately reach. But none eon deny that • most comprehensive test is that of householding rateability. The municipal franchise offers itself as a basis whereon to re-construct an amended and enlarged representation for the empire. It has confessedly worked well for now a period of °amid' rabic duration. The adoption of the same rule for both the national and local suffrage would peerless many recommendations, of which simplicity and uniformit)• are not the least. The more frequent recurrenee of local duties would operate as a constant revivification of the sense of public spirit eo needful to be kept in the highest degree of development, in order that the choice of members of the supreme , legislature may be made with intelligence, judgment, and independence. Yet, with all its recommenda tions, the municipal franchise is not at present broad enough to form the 11 . 4..4C of a system of voting for members of the legislature. To the condition of three years' residence, we should indeed demur. We have seen some calcula tions of the actual extent to which, with this restric tion, the present lists of parliamentary voters would bo enlarged in the lesser towns, and we have no doubt that it would prove after a short trial insuffi cient t) guard against the insidious introduction of the corruption and exclusiveness that now render our electoral system a disgrace and an infamy. The tendency of all petty oligarchies is to contract, not to expand. Let a new constituency be created to-morrow in a small country town, and before three years means will be sought of still fur ther diminishing its circle. The power of resistance within is too feeble, and the motive to attain what is called " • manageable majority " is too strong. Nothing but the identification of the political action of the community with all its tax-paying members, can effectually secure it from the eating canker of individual cupidity. If a man is the rated occu pier of a separate dwelling within the limits of the borough, why should he be refused the right of voting because he did not to reside there three years ago? What 11 1:C magical merit of living three years in the mime place ? If three be a virtue, five must he bell*, Ind seven an approach to perfection. Hut the thief den not bear argument. In the great majority at ewes our fellow-citizens •ho occupy rated homes in towns inhabit them without change for more than the term specified. But the addition of such a test is • miserable remnant of conservative jealousy of popular progress, and ought to be discarded in any new arrangement. IT is with regret that we feel ourselves again called upon to animadvert, in • deprecatory tone, on the Cproceedings of Americans in California and the h e n et il i ut of Panama. We are quite aware of, and are ready to make every allowance for, the digital ties wider which the American government libitum Its entirely elective character, its extremely limited means for enforcing its authority, increase the diffi culty it finds in checking local and partial ebullitions of the popular will, exactly in proportion as the ex. tent of its territories and the number of its new set tlements are increased. The pioneers of the back woods and prairies have always been a wayward race, little amenable to severe discipline ; and the Californians appear to be still more untna• ageable. The Erpress can say with truth that it' never has allowed European prepossessions or , national jealousy to bias its judgment of Aine-j j riven policy. I%e claim credit, therefore. with our 1 Transatlantic cousins for good will, even w h en our comments may wear the semblance of blame. If we find fault with any acts of any section of American I, citizens, it is in the same spirit that a JOHN QUINCT ; ADAMS Might have done. And in thi s spirit we would remind the citizens of the United States, and the government at Washington, that while any irre gularities of the backwoodsmen—in the very heart of the continent --are their concern, and theirs only, similar, not to say greater, irregularities on the shores of the Pacific or of the gulf of Mexico affect the interests of other nations. They cannot expect fureignerv, when they feel themselves injured by acts of Americans, to he satisfied with explanatory state ments of how difficult the American government Inds it to keep its citizens in proper order. Two cardinal points in the political creed of the pest founders of the American republic were, pro- MIN THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY found respect and impliciesubmission 'a the.law ; and non-intervention in the Airositic affatri of other nations. Both are daily beestrain4 less and le. re garded in the new states le allst-sittleasints af, the American Union, andnmoug the crowds of American adventurers who arOn the 't of squatting within the frontiers of neighbouring states almost as if they were tiraillettrs in advance of an invading army. 1 These practices are blamed, and we doubt not with perfect sincerity, by the Washington statesmen; but the central government of the United States has on all occasions been obliged to rest contented with al lowing the effervescence to exhaust itself, and has on some been obliged to accept its consequences as if they were its own act. The comity of nations re cognises every de facto government as legitimate : but is that a de facto government which cannot com pel its citizens to respect the rights and interests of other nations? Without falling back upon the old stories of the annexation of 'Texas, and the acquisition of new tor ritorie) at the expense of Mexico, we may remiss our readers of the recent Cuban expeditions from New Orleans, and the atrocious Lynch law proceed ings in San Francisco and Sacramento. By the last mail we learn that the organised couspirators against law, who, in defiance of the constituted authorities, put two men to death in the former city, are resting on their oars, but boastfully announcing that they persist in their combinations and only wuit.for an opportunity to resume their active operations. Com- i tuned with this intimation is another, that a number 1 of the "adventurous citizens" of San Francisco were to set out on the Ist of October, under the command 1 of Colonel GEORGE WRITE, to the assistance of " the 1 1 struggling patriots" in Cuba. It may appear that the doings of the " Vigilance Committee, as they call themselves, are a matter with which foreigners have no concern; that whe ther merely " the sessions of the committee" are " suspended," or the members themselves, is indifferent to all but Californians. Nor indeed uive we say thing further to do with them than to watch their progress as indications of what may be coming. The , pseudo-judicial l murders In San Francisco and Sacra - menie were no ordinary enforeements of Lynch law. Hitherto Lynch law has been a substitute fur regular law in districts where there was no organised go vernment. In California it has been an insurrection against a constituted government ; an opposition to, atrampling under foot of,theexecutivo elected by the people only a few moaths before; the tyranny of a few usurping conspirato-sapplauded by an unreflecting populace; a relapse into anarchy. Now Californian must be kept in mind, must, from its population, its position, and the excellence of its principal harbour, exercise an immense influence over the rising settle ments and commerce of the Pacific. If California is to be occupied by a horde of lawless buccaneers. the Pacific must continue unsafe. This is no vain fear. The " adventurous citizens" who have already started in aid of the piratical invasion of Cuba (which has fortunately been repelled before they could arrive on the scene of action) hare been trained and spirited on to external lawlessness by the internal lawlessness of the Lynchers. They are not unlikely to make com mon cause with their countrymen whose overbearing violence has disturbed the peace of Chagres, and threatens to make the passage of the Isthmus unsafe. With the fate of Texas and California before our eyes—with the intrigues actually in progress in Nicaragua, and the attack upon Cuba still recent — who would be surprised to hear of a forcible occupa tion of the province of Panama by these desperadoes? It is the duty of the American government and of the American people to nip these evils in the bud. 'Them is a party in the Lnited States dazzled and misled b old-world dreams of military fame, and wealth o btained by conquest. In New England—in all the old state's, this party is kept in check by the good sense of the community; but in the new states, and especially in those situated on the Pacific and the Gulf of Mexico, it is rampant, and appears not unlikely to gain the ascendant. The civilised world has a right to call upon the govern ment of the United States to suppress and punish all overt acts of this lawless faction. That govern ment can scarcely claim to be considered a de forts government which cannot enforce compliance with the behests of international law upon its citi zens. The pretensions of bjUlt! American politicians to expel ail European powers from their American posse asions were simply ridiculous, and have of late been little heard of. The declaration of Ameri- can statesmen, that they will not allow the powers of Europe to meddle with any American states that have asserted and established their inde pendence, has hitherto been respected ; bat if it shall appear that the United States reject and resist European intervention in the politics of their conti nent, simply to prevent interference with their own schemes of aggression and conquest there, that re. speet will soon be materially abated. There is no nation or government that has a I greater and more direct interest in suppressing this I growing spirit of disregard for law and this propen sity to external aggression, than that of the United States. Habits of self-control the ability to submit implicitly to laws of their own making —are the only guarantee the people of the United States can have for the permanence of institutions like theirs. The President and Congress are powerless but through the co-operation of the people. The subversion of legitimate authority in San Francisco and California is the beginning of anarchy; a few more successful appropriations of foreign territory—avowedly, as in the care of the late acquisitions from Mexico; or =avowedly, as in the case of Texas—will raise up a class of military adventurers, who will avail themselves of this anarchy to usurp personal power. The United States will be the first, but they will not be the only, sufferers by such a revolution. It has been admitted on all hands that in America the great problem of the suffi ciency of the people to govern themselves is being subjected to the test of experiment on the largest scale, but also under the most favourable circum stances. The subversion of free institutions in the Baited States—the erection of military sway and lawless mob-rule on their ruins—would be a death knell to the hopes of freemen and the lovers of rational government in all parts of the world. FRANCE PARIS, WEDNESDAY EVENING. General St. Arnaud has published a fresh order of the day to the army, in winch he announces that no order is to be obeyed by the troops which dues not emanate from the minister of war. This produced the greatest sensation in the Assembly, and it was reported that 300 would bring forward a motion for his impeachment. Since the abstention of the Mountain from the de bate and divisions on the Electoral Bill of the Muni. cipal Committee, this debate and the votes accom panying have lost all their real importance. The decisions of the committee have been vitiated by the abstention of the five democratic members be longing to it; and the decisions of the Assembly still more by the abstention of the whole Mountain. The results, therefore, cannot be accepted as serious and definitive. It is idle to suppose the government will pay any attention to a system of legislation eon ducted by a majority of which nine-tenths are its bitterest enemies. The results of the sitting of the Assembly were alone of importance. The debate, possessing very little interest, turned upon Art. 9, which orders the inscription upon the register of the commune of citi zens who have resided in the commune during the six months previous, if they were burn in the com mune, or have satisfied there the law of recruitment. This clause was adopted. Another clause proposes that all Frenchmen, aged twenty-o.le, who were not born in the commune, shall be inscribed, provided they have resided there during three years. AI. Motet, a member of the tier* parte, proposed an , amendment reducing the term of residence to one rear. This amendment was apposed by OM. and Vatimesnil. and supported. by Laroeliejacguelin, Valetti, and Victor Lefmne. It was rejected by 330 against 281. Half of the Left voted ; the other half • abstained. The sitting then broke up. I mentioned previously that a portion of the gar rison is daily exercised to the Champ de Mars. Yea terday the President went to witness the manoeuvres of the brigade of General Levasseur, consisting of the oth Light Infantry the 3rd Regiment of the Line, the 9th Infantry Ciumpeurs, a company of Engineers, and a battery of Artillery. The President distributed a few crosses of the Legion of Honour. It was par ticularly noted by the Patric, and copied into the I Monittur, that the generals consulted the President assiduously with regard to the taanceuvres which he sobbed to see performed. This seems to t". ullalition tit dellauee on the part of Louis Napo.- Apieet the strum laid by Lamociire, Changarnier, aril* rest of the 300 on the clause in the coostitu fiat which prohibits the President from command big titil troops in person. The parliamentary majority which threw out, a week ago, the Electoral Bill of the government, to punish the President for his defection from the law of May 31, have reaped the fruit of their factious opposition. They have dragged the electoral debate to a (pound upon which the democratic party . will not follow them. And notwithstanding the inge nious and plausible arguments of MM. de Vatimesnil and Odilon Barrot, the objection of the Mountain cannot be rejected as unsound. In fact it is quite clear that when the committee on the Municipal Bill was formed in last February, nobody supposed that it would be eventually charged with the task of framing a bill for political elections to replace the law of May 31. Such at that time was the state of parties in consequence of the unprincipled coalition of M. Thiers with the extreme Left, that no less than a liple‘ fivo members of the Mountain were chosen on the committee. Nothing can be more apt than the re tribution which followed. These very five members, MM. E. Arago, Michel de Bourges, Furconnet, Mo relict, and Frichon, have been the first to thwart the factious policy of M. Thiers and his new allies, the legitimists, in transferring the debate on the poli cal electoral law from its natural and proper ground to an episode of the Municipal Bill. These five mem bers, as I informed you yesterday, having formally protested spinet the fusion of the communal and political elections, were in the Assembly followed by the whole Mountain in this protest; and the conse quence was the abstention of that important section of the Assembly from the debate and division on the first article of the bill which is to supplant the law of May 31. Thus MM. Thiers, Berrycr, Mole, and Odilon Barrot with their supporters, now called I the three hundred, have fairly driven the engine off the rail, and brought the par liamentary machine to a dead fie. You are aware that the special committee on the Municipal Bill consists of thirty members, among whom are MM. do Broglie, Odilon Barrot, de Vatimesnil, Lamericiere, and fourteen others of the 300, chiefly legitimists. The legitimists being in a decided ma joritv, all the amendments of the law of May 31 carried in the committee are calculated to promote the interest of that party. Thus a distinction has been drawn between the domicile of origin and that of adoption, or, in other words, between the residence of a citizen in the commune where he is born and residence in a commune where he is nut born, con sidered in relation to his right of suffrage. You will remember that the law of May 31 made no such distinction ; but, establishing the same rules for attesting the three years' residence required in both, cases, succeeded in eliminating from the electoral lista a vast portion of the rural population. Now the legitimists of the commit tee on the Municipal Bill wished naturally to remove the restrictions imposed by the law of May 31 upon their agricultural clients, while they allowed those rivetted upon the much more independent and intel ligent operative class to remain. Everybody knows that a great portion of the artisans in every town are necessarily not natives of the place, although established there, and that a part of these are again obliged, partly by immemorial usage, which pre-1 scribes such travel to young workmen, and partly by the fluctuating local demand for labour in their peeu-1 liar calling, to keep perpetually on the move. The distinction of domiciles, therefore, and the mainte-1 nance of all the strict and vexatious modes devised by the law of May 31 for attesting the domicile of adoption, the terra of which is still fixed for three, years, while that of the domicile of birth is reduced to six months, amounts to subjecting the industrial labourers to the same exclusion as before, while the agricultural are completely emancipated. In other words, the electoral bill laid yesterday before the Assembly proposes the abrogation of the law of May 31 in favour of the tiller of the ground, hut its maintenance against the operative and mechanic. Such is the lop-sided measure which the majority of the Assembly have insisted on bringing before the legislature instead of the even and equitable return to universal suffrage proposed by the government, And to produce this monstrous and misshapen bill they have strangled its elder brother in the birth, and wrenched with insult the right of initiative from the President of the Republic. They have erected into a political conclave of the first import unce, a committee elected specially upon municipal grounds, and betraying in its composition traces of the vicious coalition which presided at its birth. Under these circumstances the refusal of the Moun tain to take any part in the debate seems quite justi fiable; and the tirades of the organs of the 300 against the alliance of the Left with the Elysee are amusing specimens of effrontery. The following committee wos chosen to-day, to consider the bill relative to a literary treaty between France and England :—MM. lies Itotours de Chau lieu, Levet, L. Re baud, Poureard, de Neuville, Koll-Bernard, Ch. I)upin, Delagrenee, Amiable Du bois, De Luppe, Salmon, de Flavigny, Valette, Malbois, I'oujoulat. Yesterday, a committee was appointed in the bureau, on the bill for maintaining the state of siege in the Cher, Nierre, and Ardeche. Eleven of the committee chosen arc in favour of the bill. Count Mole has addressed a letter to the Conatitn tionnel, protesting against the part attributed to him In that journal as a promoter of the banquets which I preceded the fall of the monarchy of July. On the contrary, uo person had blamed the banquets more than himself; no person had more clearly foreseen, or more loudly predicted their disastrous conse quences. M. Schcelcher has laid a proposition on the bureau of the Assembly, to the effect that the public ballot at the tribune shall take place de jure, when de manded by 40 members. 'The object of this pro position is to modify Art. 54 of the regulations which Mtn the number at 20 members, and besides requires that the Assembly should be consulted. The majority of 408 against the Questors' Bill was divided as follows: 183 belong to the Mountain, 213 Bonapartists and members of the Pyramids Club, and 10 now or formerly belonging to the Legitimist Par liamentary Club. Among the minority of 300 were 134 Legitimists, 33 Tiers-parti, 101 Orleanists and fusionists, 27 republicans, 3 Montagnarda. Amongst those who abstained or were absent are 22 coneerva than. 6 legitimists, and 13 members of the left. The opinions of the different generals who have seats in the National Assembly, on the proposition of the Questors, may be seen from the manner in which they voted on it. Generals Bedeau, Cavaig nac, Changarnier, de Lamoriciere, Leflo, Radoult de Lafosse, and Rulliere, voted for the proposition ; and Generals Achard, Arrighi de Psdoue, de Bar, Baraguay d'Hilliers, de Chaseeloup-Laubst, Durrieu, Fabvier, Gourgaud, de Grammont, de Grouchy, d'llautpoul, Musson, Laidet, Lebreton, Montholon, Ornano, Oudinot de Reggio, Pelet, Rapatel, Reg nault de Saint-Jean d'Angely, Rey, Rage, Subervie, Vest-Vitueux, and Admiral Cee . ille against it. The following account of the number of electors for the department of the Seine at different periods bum the establishment of the republic is given by one of the journals: At the election of May, 1849, 373.358 ; in July, 1849, 372,101 ; March, 1850, 366,875; April, 1830, 328,369. By the electoral list made up to the .nth September, 1850, under the new electoral law, the number of electors is reduced to 131,557. By an account of the customs returns just pub lished by the -Iffrnitenr for the month of October, the receipts amounted to 10,982,211 fr., being 995,361 fr. less than in the corresponding month of last year, and 524,434 fr. less than those of 1649. The total amount received for the first ten months of 1851, 18.)O, and 1849 were respectively 98,237,678 fr., 104,808,3401 i., and 106,639,366 fr. The Ifoniteur Parisien states that the products of French industry for which the exhibitors at the Crystal Palace have obtained me als or honour ' able mention, will be exhibited fur a fortnight at the Palais National. The state of M. de Lamartine, which for the last two days had given some hopes of improvement, has again changed fur the worse, and threaten him with lung-continued and increased sufferings. A telegraphic despatch, received last evening in Paris, announces that Marshal Soult had been sud denly stacked with violent inflammation in the chest, and was seriously ill, at his chitea of Soult-Berg, in the Tarn. M. de Dalmanc, his son, and M. de Mornay, his son-in-law, left Paris imme diately for Soult-Berg. 'G, NOVEMBER 20; .the ilWaree the Fives rose s c., and closed kt land the Threes rose 10c., and closed at 06.50. Always were generally firm. BELGIUM. The Chamber of Representatives of Belgium was occupied in its last two sittings in revising the penal code. An amendment of M. do Perceval, for the abolition of the penalty of death, gave rise to a lengthened discussion, and was eventually re jected by forty-eight votes to nine. The Suisse of Berne states that the appeal which had been made to the cantons and the commercial interests, in order to facilitate the establishment of electric telegraphs, has been very favourably received. Numerous signatures had been affixed to the subscription hat got up by the Commercial Direc tor). of St. Gall, and the Petty Council of Bale had subscribed 60,000 Swiss francs. It has also given permission to fix the poets on the property of the state and of the communes without any indemnity. Negociations are to be opened with the Grand Duchy of Baden, for the purpose of uniting the Bale telegraph to that which ends at Haltingen, and to put it in communication with Chiasso. The govern ment of Geneva has objected that the establishment of numerous stations would retard the transmission of dispatches, but the objection has been explained away by observing, that it was but just that the in termediate towns should benefit by the new means of communication. The district of Zofingue (Ar govie) has subscribed 5,01:10fr. The total amount of the subscriptions received was not yet ascertained. SPAIN. MADRID, Nov. 14. A considerable supply of muskets made in the government manufactories is about to be sent to Cuba. Some days of vacation are expected to in terrupt the labours of the Cortes on the occasion of the Queen's deliverance. The sitting of the Chamber had no political interest. The Spanish government, on the demand of Lord Ifowden, has pardoned 23 English subjects w•ho had taken part in the expedition of Lopez against Cuba. TURKEY. CONSTANTINOPLE, Nov. 5. The question of the Holy Places is becoming grave. M. Titoff has declared to Reshid Pasha that the Greeks had rights anterior to the trea ties on which France insists, which the Czar is obliged to maintain. He added, that unless the status quo were strictly observed in Jerusalem and elsewhere that he had orders to break off diplomatic relations with the Porte and return with the whole legation. The Porte had to settle the question with Russia before making any new arrangement with France. - NI. Iteculot, first secretary of the French Embassy at Constantinople, has arrived in Paris to receive instructions from his government on this question. GERMANY. BERLIN, Nov. 17. The explanation demanded from Ilanover by the Diet, touching the appeal of the Ititterschaft against the " new organisation," has been sent in. It has not yet been published, but all accounts agree in stating that it contains the most decided refusal on the part of the Hanoverian government to acknow ledge the competency of the Bund to interfere at all in the question. This proceeding had the sanction of the king, whilst he was able to give any atten tion to public affairs. This act, therefore, may be considered as the last political act of his life. M. Manteuffel will be shortly called upon—at latest when the chambers meet—to express himself clearly about the decree of the Bend of Aug. 23. In abolishing the " fundamental rights," the Weimar government declared that the constitution remained perfectly unaltered, intimating that the Diet had no competency to interfere in constitutional ques tions; whilst the Weimar Ritterschaft have ad , dressed a written petition to the Bund, corn- Idaining of this interference. On the other hand, Anhalt Dessau has abolished its entire constitution, by virtue of, it is declared, and in obedience to, that decree. In Bremen a like proceed ing, on the same authority, has been adopted; and in Hanover the Diet has attempted to susper.d laws which have passed the parliament and have been sanctioned by the King; albeit with the consent of Prussia. It is time, therefore, that the Prussian government spoke out on this question; and as it has the Chambers almost immediately to meet, it is thought that its declaration will be against at least the interpretation that has been put upon the decree of the 23rd August, for its object is just now not to exasperate but to conciliate the liberal and constitu tional party. VIENNA, Nov. 15. That the Austrian empire continues in danger, and that the police minister considers it therefore neces sary to pursue his energetic proceedings against those whom he considers the plotters and conspira tors, is evident from the fact that the numerous ex pulsions of Wednesday and Thursday were greatly exceeded yesterday, and have nut ceased to-day. A Belgian journal some weeks ago praised the mo narchy-saving activity of the celebrated Chevalier Weiss, and boasted that he had expelled 20,000 or 30,000 individuals from Vienna within a month or two after the city was occupied by the imperial troops. At the time the praise seemed to me to be overdone, and the activity of the police minister ex aggerated. I was mistaken. His doings of the last three days have exceeded everything that an Eng lish mind can compass in the shape of police inter ference, not merely with resident foreigners, but with subjects of the empire and citizens of this metropolis. His expulsions have proceeded for three or four days at the rate of a hundred or one hundred and fifty a day. Every five minutes of day-light during that period witnessed some one or two well-dressed indi viduals led into the Stadthauptmannschaft in the custody of gendarmes, their exit after a short stay with passports, ricer, for the frontiers. The accusa tion against the individuals so treated was on the two first days, the mere suspicion of having improperly trafficked on 'change; yesterday and to-day the ac cusation of improper dealings in money has been extended to dealings in grain, and corn speculators, whether bona fide purchasers or forestallers, have been treated with equal tyrannical absurdity. Yes terday, however, the kind attention of the police was chiefly directed to the Polish sews, who, in their long beards and greasy kaftans, were treated with much less ceremony than the cloth coated gentry of the money market. The calif in which they are ac customed to transact business was surrounded by gendarmes, and dozens at a tine were hurried off to the next frontier. The officers employed on the oc casion replied, to every inquiry , that they were acting under authority, and refused to permit an appeal to head-quarters. From their method of pro g, it is evident that the police authorities, with Chevalier Weiss at their head, have no distinct charges against their victims, or else the latter would speedily have been delivered over to the tender mercies of the courts-martial. Can anything be more absurd or wicked than this desnotic interference with the liberty of the subject and the natural regula tion of the money and grain markets? The consequence to the latter is, that there is an absence of dealers, an insufficient sup ply, and that the millers and bakers complain that they will be obliged to go or send into Hungary and Poland, to purchase the grain and meal they require. Of course they will have to pay more for it there than they would here, especially as the enormous purchases making by goverument have become known throughout the empire. Several of the most respectable merchants and bankers have represented to the ministerial autho rities the impropriety and evil consequences "of the sadden police expulsion of many men of business connected with most important commercial transac tions." This and similar representations are in Vain. Government will listeu to nothing. Another instance of female persecution by the police, in i esth, has just conic to my knowlege. A sample girl, of highly respectable family, was de pounced to the authorities, for accompanying herself on the piano and singing a revolutionary air. 1 hough quite alone at the time, she has been arrested and confined in the famous Neu-Gebaude, where all political prisoners are incarcerated. AMERICA. ARRIVAL OF THE PACIFIC. By the arrival in the Mersey last evening, at six o'clock, of the United States Mail steam-ship Pacific, Capt. Nye, we have received our usual New York letters and papers to the Bth inst. inclusive, on which day at noon she sailed from New Yoric, with forty flve passengers (among whom is Father Matthew), nearly a million dollars in specie on freight, the usual mails, and a very full general cargo. There is nothing of much importance, political or commercial, in the present advices. The steam-ship Prometheus, Captain H. Churchill, arrived at New York, on the 6th, from San Juan de Nicaragua, via Havannah, bringing 500 passengers, and gold dust to the amount of 600,000 dols. The steam-ship Independence arrived at San Juan del Sud on the 19th ult., with 400 passengers, and 150,000 dols. in gold dust on freight. She left San Francisco on the 4th October. The steam-ship Ohio arrived at New York, from San Francisco, with 30,000 dols. in gold dust on freight. 'l he steam-ship Oregon had arrived at Panama, with upwards of 2,000,000 dols. in gold dust on freight, and 1,000,000 dots. in the hands of pas- sengers. There was no news of importance from California. The New York Weekly Herald gives the follow ing, which, however, it thinks, "a premature state ment :" A despatch from Washington states that it is understood that all differences between Spain and the United States will be settled if the government will salute the flag of the the former. This dune, the insult to the Spanish consul at New Orleans will be urgotteu, and the Cuban prisoners set at liberty. A letter, rioted Washington, Nor. sth, says: It is understood is diplomatic circles here, that Chevalier Hulsemann has received a letter from Prince Schwartsens berg, the substance of which he has COIIIMORiCated to our government, in relation to the proposed visit of Kossuth to this country. Though Chevalier Hulsemann is not directed to withdraw, upon the arrival of Kossuth, or, at least, has not communicated such instructions, yet he has informed this government that Austria will look with concern and regret upon any official recognition of Kossuth by this government. This communication was made to this government, as is believed, on Saturday last. I have reason to think that the questions growing out of the Cuban affair, between the United States, on one side, and the governments of Great Britain, France, and Spain, on the other, are all to be satisfactorily ad justed, or, at least, will lead to no difficulty. In respect to the orders given to English and French cruisers to intercept or search American vessels supposed to be engaged in a hostile expedition against Cuba, or any proposition for a mutual right of search for such purpose, they have recently been met by an appeal, on our part, to the principles esta blished by the Ashburton treaty. The doctrines on this subject, which were laid down by Mr. Webster in his de spatch to Lord Abs rdeen, through Mr. Everett, during the negotiation of the Ashburton treaty, will be fully sustained and carried out by this administration ; and these doctrines would preclude England and France from carrying into execution any orekis such as were recently given. The Net, York Tribune, with regard to " Our state election," says :—lt is now the fourth day since the close of our election, and we have the returns of the vote in every county except Hamilton, yet we are utterly in the dark as to the result. The difficulties with the boatmen on the Isthmus had been settled. The advices from Havannah arc devoid of in terest. - - - - - The United States steam-ship Caroline, from San Francisco for Panama, had been compelled to put into Realejo, unable to proceed, in consequence of the vessel being in an unseaworthy state and machi nery damaged, and had landed her passengers, 230 in number, many of them in a dying state from fever. (Fur taarkets see last page.) LATEST FOREIGN EXCHANGES. THE NIZAM. (Prom the Doily News.) It is very true, as our correspondent Plitt.otNin:s the other day remarked, that a great part of the news received semi-monthly from India is one-sided only; that in all the disputes and quarrels of the Indian government with native states and princes we hear but half the case ; that we never know their com plaints, their grievances, their feelings, and their wishes, much less their answers, replies, or refutations to its imputations on their administrations or to its charges on their fidelity to the engagements it has imposed on them as the condition of their continued existence. Equally truthful, and sadder by far, was his further observation, that the account given by Mr. Kars, in his important ifistory the War in Afghanistan, of the despatches Sir ALEXANDER BURNES did really address in 1838 to Lord AUCKLAND, from his commercial mission at Caubul, shows that when the whole truth does reach the Board of Control, that department of the state dares, before presenting it to parliament, to mutilate, pervert, and falsify the documents it has received from the. Supreme Government of India. This latter is, however, a subject much too pain ful and too important to be pursued inci dentally ; and it is now only referred to for the purpose of pointing out how careful the public here ought to be, before it joins in those strong condemna tions of native governments and in the yet stronger desire for the absorption and extinction of native states, on pretences of their mel-administration and the danger of their internal confusion and disorder to British power, which nearly every mail from India discharges into the London newspapers, and which they must receive, that being the staple commodity in which their Oriental contemporaries deal. The case of the Nizam of the 6ELVAN is one in point. When, in the course of last summer, Lord DsLitorsic was suddenly seized (whilst keeping himself and in the mountains of Thibet, far away from his consti tutional advisers at Calcutta) with a longing to annex to our dominions one-third of that fine land of the vine and the pomegranate, we then took occasion to explain how very different were the real circum stances from the alleged facts of that case. We arc not now going to repeat in detail the melancholy story, further than to remind our readers that the British government is primarily respon sible for the NizAm's pecuniary plight and his inability to keep down the payments which that go vernment has imposed on him. For, as we then showed, it had deprived him of his third share of Ttrroo St LTAN's territories, which was the price of the aid he furnished to the overthrow of that enemy of the British power in India, and how the Ceded Districts (as they arc called) were still retained to pay tin his name and on his account) for a Subsidiary Force to protect him against external enemies, the last of whom disappeared when the great Mahratta confederacy was des - froyed by Lord lirtsmos. How, having this useless force kept up at his cost, it had further insisted on his paying it for the Hyderabad Contingent, on pretence of its being necessary for the internal purposes of his government ; how, in spite of his obligation to pay for it, the NIZANI had no power over it. and was consequently compelled to resort to a third army of Arabs, Patans, and other soldiers of his own, wherewith to conduct the police and to levy the revenue of his country. And how, were accounts taken between the British go vernment and that prince, on a just and generous principle, it would be found that our Treasury was largely indebted to him, instead of him owing a fabulous amount of money to it. At that time it became, however, unnecessary fur ther to follow up and to prove the strict accuracy of this view of the MSC. Fur Lord D.tutoustE shrunk from carrying out the policy of contination which he had in a letter, couched iu terms of which that ex perienced and courteous old diplomatist General FRASER might well be ashamed, announced to the NIZAII his adoption of. The gentlemen and capital ists of Hyderabad—still a wealthy and notnishing city compared with Delhi or with Surat—who were said to be so eager to receive and accept the protec tion of British rule, in this crisis of their sovereign's fate, made hint large advances to enable him, and them, to evade such a fate ; and pecuniary terms were arranged for the liquidation of Lord DAL HOUSIE'S demand. The first instalment was duly paid; the second is not due : and though judgment cannot, under this oriental cognovit, be yet signed, and execution levied on the Sin :a, accounts from India by the last mail describe the government as waiting with eagerness for its non-payment, and anxious to issue an extent against the Deccan ; and ready, even it be paid, to pick a quarrel with the NIZAM on other pretences. The NIZAM is in debt; tho NIZAM'S expenditure exceeds his income; the N17.. , 04 won't dismiss his Arab troops--or, mercenaries, as the hirers of Sepoy bravery choose to call these equally gallant soldiers. Therefore, runs the argument, let us resort to no half measures with the Nl . /.‘Nt ; let us extin guish him—destroy his dynasty—annex his country —away with him. What we have dune in Sattarah, let us repeat in the Deccan. Such is the chorus of Indian song. No doubt the NizAm is in debt; but so also is the Indian government. If his expenditure exceed his income; so has theirs for the last ten years. If he makes up the deficit by loans from Parsee bankers; they borrow the difference at high rates of interest from the savings of their own servants. His Arabs may not be very orderly, but what says Major JACOB of the condition of their Bengal Army ? If, for these, his offences, he deserves to he de throned; what punishment does the British govern ment deserve fior cogitate evidences of its misrule ? It ought to pluck the mote from its own eye before it begins to examine too curiously into the vices of the NIZAM. " Judge nut lest ye be judged." The British government is, however, quite right in regarding with interest the state of the NIZANCS finances, and in resolving not to tolerate the presence of an insubordinate native army over which it has no control in the very heart of Southern India; where ILYDELL ALL and fIPPoo, and afterwards the Mali rattas, gave it so much trouble. Rut the resto ration of his finances may be easily effected, and, by their rectification, order may be readily introduced into the Arab troops; without robbery under the form of annexation; without tyranny in the namo of order. Tu.) of the armies of the Deccan, though one is paid for by the retied Districts, and the other by the NIZAM airectly,the Subsidiary Force and the Hyderabad Contingent, are really the Company's armies. Now, if the Indian government would but make one of those armies do the work of both, and pay that one by means of the Ceded Districts of which they have possession, they would at once relieve the NIZAM'S finances, and get rid of all pecuniary squab bles and quarrels with him. If, in addition, they would allow the NIZAM sufficient power and command over that one army, they would enable him, if not to dispense altogether and at once with his Arabs and Putans; at least to pay them regu larly, and so remove the main cause of their present insubordination, if insubordinate they really be. This would be the wise and just and generous course ; and fur better than to pursue the unfortunate Prince with bum-bailiftii, and so distract his atten tion from the improvement of his country that he may preserve his throne ; and keep hanging, like MAUOMET'S coffin, 'twist life and death. PROCEEDINGS OP AMERICAN JUDOEL—It is re ported that a difficulty occurred oa Saturday evening in Jackson, the county sent of Calaveras, between Judge Smith of the County Coon, and Captain Lewis A. Collier, the clerk, which resulted in the death of the latter. Judge Smith, who had been detained fur Witte time by sicknms in Sacramento, returned to Jackson on Saturday afternoon, and ns toe votes for county clerk had not been counted, inasmuch as Collier was a candidate for the office, and there fore incapacitated, and as Saturday was the last day allowed by law on which they could he counted, he repaired imme diately to the house where the ballots were deposited. Elid ing the door locked, he forced an entrance, and proceeded to make the count. Soon afterwards Collier heard of it, and went to the house much excited. High words followed, pistols were drawn, and in the affray Collier was shot twice through the body, and wire through the arm. lie died on the spot, so says the report.—Son Francisco Herald. ACCIDENT AT A SHOOTING NIATCII.—On Monday at a shooting match on the hackney marshes, when the last rabbit was about to be r, leaned from the trap, Mr. Wells, a pocket-book maker, reloaded his piece, the butt-end of which woo resting upon hi. foot, with the barrel in a slant ing direction, when it accidentally went off, and the entire charge entered the neck of Mr. Parry, a coal-merchant, and lodged iu his head. The deceased instantly dropped silently to the ground, but was immediately raised up in a lifeless state by the bystanders, who conveyed him to on adjoining tavern, but he never afterwards either moved or spoke, and, upon n surgeon being sent for, he at once pro nounced that life was extinct.—F.ssez Herald. I. • , Vur Account. - • PAIL'S, Nov. 19. -or I NOW. ,'Opening Illirboil Lowc4l , Clodng. !- per Cent*. 1 36 43 1 SO Si SO SS SG 3i SG 50 per Cents. , 111 63 j 91 79 51 75 91 4S 91 GS per Cents ... ' ... ... ... ... I do. New Loon ' . i .. ... ... ... per Crate. . 3 per Cents. , 54 45 per Ccuta. I 111 65 4 per Centa. 1,1 do. New Loma 1 .. 3 per Crate. Exchnorre on London : x 1 11,4404 23 1 $ ; 90 dap.. 25. Belgian, 5, 1840 — Moroi. I 813p1e.. Rent.. .90 25 Mosey. 110. 5, 18.3 — ... Itomaa Loon, 1831 .. 751 ... Do. 41 Do. 24 Plinio:ow 30. Cad,. 41 73 .. 111 wk Sb.rB.B .... l'Aitis ' Nov. 19.—St. Germain. •110; Ve r mulles (right tank), 23373; ditto ilat tuna), 210• Paris and Orlr3no, 876 25; Pans and Rouen, 572 51; Rouen and Havre, 310 ; Mareeilles and Animal, 206 7S ; tonolhourg and Bak, 110; Centte, 437 50 ; HOU. lame and Arnitll4, 26150; Otlesina and tI ordeaux, 377 SO; Northern, 463; Pan• And trr , o .ne, 348 75; 'faun and Nudes, 337 SO, Dieppe and Yeasenthll l 7 50. MADRID, Nov. 11.—Three per Cents., 364 ; after Bolsa, 36 1-16 c., ! T p. Four per Cents., 14i. Fire per Cents., 13; ; after Bolsa, 16! ; c. Coupons, 81 ; after Bolsa, 8 1-16. Passives, 6 1-16; after Bolsa, Bank of St. Ferdinand, 981. Exchange on Lon don, 80.60. (By I.l.actrie Telegraph.) ANTWERP, Nov. 19.—Five per Cent. Mtalliques, 731. Five per Cent. Ardoins, 151. Three per Cent. Intericur, 35'4. Itussian Fuur-and-a-Half per Cents., —. Exchange on London, 25.20. BRESSELS,NOV. 19.—Belgian Five per Cents., 981 ; ditto Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 90; ditto Two and-a-Half per Cents., 491. Exchange on London, 25.20. AMSTERDAM, Nov. 18.—Five per Cent. Metal liqucs, 704 ; Five per Cent. Ardoina, 16 ; three per Cents. Interior, 35 5-16 ; Russian Four-and-a- Half per Cents., 100; Two-and-a-Half per Cent. Integrals, 574. Exchange on London, 11.85. VIENNA, Nov. 19.—Five per Cent. Metailiques, 921. Exchange on London, 12.35 ; on Paris, 150. A on gold, 31 ; on silver, 25. HAMBURG, Nov. 19.—Three per Cents. Interior, 33; ; Four-and-a-Half per Cent. Russian, 971. FRANKFORT, Nov. 18.—Five per Cent. Metal liques, 724. Three per Cent. Interior 351. Exchange on London, 1191. . _ BERLIN, Nov. 19.—Voluntary Loan, 1021 ; Na tional Debt, titik. Four-and-a-fluff per Cent. Rus sian, 1024. CAI.IFORNIAN GOLD. The ,Vew York 11 - eekly Herald has the following:—" The annexed statement ex hibits the amount of Californian gold received at the mint, Philadelphia, the amount of gold coinage, and the ship ments of specie from this port, in each of the first ten months of the present year: MOTIOIMWTO Of SlikCIR LCD 11cLL1ON TO NOT. 1, 1851. ilaretcts or Quid (Weis C.l. gold. coinage. ex hareary —..--....4,410,003 2,620.884 1,r28 1 i Feiresey — 7 BANK* 3,100,01 1,007,669 Marti .. 2,634,5 6 0 6,214,735 2.364,861 Atoll 2.765,500 6.176,058 6,441,182 Mane y 1,570,00 U 3 71,240,600 3, 053, 1111,261 4,20,135 Ju24l 6,464367 July 7.031,000 3,240,493 6,0 4,170 August .....4,048,300 4,078,329 2,653,444 Sept otter 3,960,510 4,067.421 3,490,149 October Totals 33 747,990 40,637,521 33,026,975 This a very curious table. The receipts of Califor nia gold are made up from the returns of the Mint, Philadelphia. The aggregate does not, therefore, In clude all the gold received from California. The arrivals at New Orleans and other ports, may or may not he in cluded in this statement. Steamers from Chagres, bound to New York, have put into Norfolk, Savannah, Mobile, at which points many paasengerti, with gold, left and pro ceeded homeward. We have not, therefore, any account of the receipts at those places. It would not be extravagant to estimate the receipts of California gold at all the Atlantic ports, up to the Ist of November, this year, independent of those at the Mint, Philadelphia, at ten millions of dollars, which would swell the aggregate to forty-five millions of dollars. The shipments of specie and bullion from this port to foreign countries, figure up more than thirty-three millions of dollars, which, deducted from the amount of California gold deposited in the Mint, leaves a balance of little more than two and a half millions in our favour. So far as this coin partitive statement shows anything, it appears that we have been the distributors of California gold to foreign countries —that we have sent it abroAd nearly as fast as we have re ceived it—that it has merely passed through this city on its way from San Francisco to the great money markets of Europe. Very little has remained among us, and at this rate it would take a great many years to give us any addi tion of consequence to our stock of precious metals. The only hope w eave amidst all this apparent activity in gold, is, that there may be a large amount of bullion in the inte rior, in the hands of those who have brought it direct from California, and have kept it in their position. The metallic currency of the country may be increased and improved by the amount thus retained among us. _ _ THE CROPS IN INDIA.—BIRIIAMPOOR, OCT. 5, 1851.—We are very anxious about the crops. There will bo a very short rice crop and much suffering, there cannot be a doubt, and if we have no more rain it will be alarm ing, but some might be saved by copious showers. Sick ness is beginning to show itself in some places to a fearful extent, chiefly putrid fever. The weather still keeps hot during the day, but two or three days' rain would bring in the cold weather and relieve us much. The whole of this year has been the most unseasonable that has been expe rienced for a long time, not confined to our locality, but ex tending from Ceylon to the ruujaub, as also down the east coast of the bay. 851.